,,! ,,old ,,ma/]s ,,& ,,_! ,,pictures ,= ! ,use ( ,s*ools & ,le>n]s 9 ,art ,,by ,,s>ah ,,tytl] ,,au?or ,,( ,,pap]s ,,= ,,?\ghtful ,,girls ,,etc4 ,,new ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,edition 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london ,,isbi/] ,,& ,,company ,,limit$ #ae #af ,,tavi/ock ,,/reet ,,cov5t ,,g>d5 #ahic ,! ,"r ( ,translation is ,res]v$ ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4,s4 ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,city ,,road4 ,,preface ,,to ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,i wi% to say1 9 a v few words1 t ?is book is int5d$ to be a simple acc\nt ( ! great ,old ,ma/]s 9 pa9t+ ( e age & c\ntry1 ) descriptions ( _! mo/ fam\s works1 = ! use ( le>n]s & outsid]s 9 art4 ,! book is n1 & c\ld n well be1 exhau/ive 9 its nature4 ,i h avoid$ def9itions ( s*ools1 consid]+ t ^! %\ld =m a lat] & m elaborate portion ( art education1 & pref]r+ to gr\p my 'pa9t]s' accord+ to :at ,i hold to be ! primitive arrangem5ts ( "t1 c\ntry1 & rank 9 art4 ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition4 ,! re/rictions ) reg>d to space "u :i* ! little volume call$ ,! ,old ,ma/]s 0 orig9ally writt51 caus$ me to omit1 to my regret1 _m names great1 ?\gh n fir/1 9 art4 ,! circulation :i* ! book has atta9$ induces me to d :at ,i c to rem$y ! defect1 & r5d] ! volume m useful by add+ two *apt]s--! "o on ,italian & ! o!r on ,g]man1 ,dut*1 & ,flemi% ma/]s4 ,^! *apt]s consi/ almo/ entirely ( cond5s$ notes tak5 f two tru/wor?y s\rces1 to :i* ,i h be5 already mu* indebt$--,sir ,c1 & ,lady ,ea/lake's v]sion ( ,kugl]'s ,h&book ( ,italian ,art1 & ,dr4 ,waag5's ,h&book1--remodell$ f ,kugl]--( ,g]man1 ,dut*1 & ,flemi% art1 revis$ by ,j4,a4 ,cr[e4 ,i h purposely giv5 num]\s records ( ^? ,dut* pa9t]s ^: art has be5 specially popul> 9 ,engl& & :o are 9 "s cases bett] repres5t$ 9 our c\ntry ?an 9 _! own4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,art--,,giotto1 #abgf-accg--;,,&rea ,,pisano1 #abhj-acde--,,orcagna1 #acae-acgf--;,,ghib]ti1 #acha-adee--,,masaccio1 #adjb-adbh ,,or #adbi--;,,fra ,,angelico1 #achg-adee #a ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,flemi% ,,art--,,! ,,van ,,eycks1 #acff-addb--,,mabuse1 ,,ab\t #adgj-aecb--,,meml+1 ,,ab\t #adgh-adii--,,qu9t9 ,,matsys1 #adfj-aecj ,,or #ca #da ,,iii4 ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,s*ools ,,( ,,italian ,,art--,,! ,,bell9i1 #adbb-aeab--,,mantegna1 #adca-aejf--;,,ghirl&ajo1 #addi-adih--- ,,il ,,francia1 #adej-aeah--;,,fra ,,b>tolommeo1 #adfi-aeag--;,,&rea ,,del ,,s>to1 #adhh-aecj #ec ,,iv4 ,,lion>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 #adeb-aeai--,,mi*ael ,,angelo1 #adge-aefd--,,raphael1 #adhc-aebj--,,titian1 #adgg-aeff #hc ,v4 ,,g]man ,,art--,,albre*t ,d,ue,r,e,r1 #adga-aebh #afi ,,vi4 ,,lat] ,,italian ,,art--,,giorgione1 #adgg-aeaa--;,,correggio1 ,,ab\t #adic-aecd--,,t9toretto1 #aeab-aeid--,,v]onese1 #aecj-aehh #aha ,,vii4 ,,c>racci1 #aeee-afji--;,,guido ,,r5i1 #aege-afdb--;,,dom5i*9o1 #aeha-afda--,,salvator ,,rosa1 #afae-afgc #bab ,,viii4 ,,lat] ,,flemi% ,,art--,,rub5s1 #aegg-afdj--,,rembr&t1 #afjf ,,or #afjh-affi--,,t5i]s1 ,,fa!r ,,& ,,son1 #aehb-afid--,,w\vv]man1 #afbj-affh--;,,cuyp1 #afje2 ,,/ill ,,liv+1 #afch--,,paul ,,pott]1 #afbe-afed--;,,cornelius ,,de ,,heem1 #afcj #bbe ,,ix4 ,,spani% ,,art--,,velasquez1 #aeii-affj--,,murillo1 #afah-afhb #bfj ,x4 ,,fr5* ,,art--,,nicolas ,,p\ss91 #aeid-affe--;,,claude ,,lorra9e1 #afjj-afhb--;,,*>les ,,le ,,brun1 #afai-afij--,,watteau1 #afhd-agba--;,,greuze1 #agbf-ahje #bhf ,,xi4 ,,=eign ,,arti/s ,,9 ,,engl&--,,holbe91 #adid-aedc--,,van ,,dyck1 #aeii-afda--,,lely1 #afah-afhj--;,,canaletto1 #afig-agfh--,,knell]1 #afdf-agbc #cji ,,xii4 ,,italian ,,ma/]s ,,f ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,to ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5turies--,,taddeo ,,gaddi1 #acjj1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ #acff--;,,fra ,,filippo1 #adab-adfi--;,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 #adbd-adif--,,luca ,,signorelli1 #adda1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,ab\t #aebd--;,,botticelli1 #addg-aeae--,,p]ug9o1 #addf-aebb--;,,c>paccio1 ,,date ,,& ,,place ,,( ,,bir? ,,& ,,dea? ,,unkn[n--,,crivelli1 ,,filipp9o ,,lipi1 ,,e>li] ,,?an #adfj--;,,antonella ,,da ,,mess9a1 ,,believ$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,at ,,v5ice1 #adaf--;,,g>opalo1 #adha-aeei--,,lu9i1 ,,date ,,( ,,bir? ,,unkn[n1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,ab\t #aecj--,,palma1 ,,ab\t #adhj-aebh--,,p>d5one1 #adhc-aech--,,lo ,,spagna1 ,,date ,,( ,,bir? ,,unkn[n1 #aecc--;,,giulio ,,romano1 #adib-aedf--,,p>is ,,bordone1 #aejj-aegj--;,,il ,,p>migian9o1 #aejc-aedj--;,,b>occio1 #aebh-afab--;,,c>avaggio1 #aefi-afji--,,lo ,,spagnoletto1 #aeic-afef--;,,gu]c9o1 #aeib-afff--;,,albano1 #aegh-affj--,,sass(]rato1 #afje-afae--,,vas>i1 #aeab-aegd--,,s(onisba ,,anguisciola1 #aece1 ,,ab\t #afbf--,,lav9ia ,,fontana1 #aeeb-afad #cfd ,,xiii4 ,,g]man1 ,,flemi%1 ,,& ,,dut* ,,arti/s ,,f ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,to ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury--,,van ,,d] ,,weyd51 ,a ,,contempor>y ,,( ,,! ,,van ,,eycks1 #acff-addb--,,van ,,leyd51 #adid-aecc--,,van ,,som]1 #aegj-afbd--,,snyd]s1 #aegi-afeg--;,g4 ,,hon?or/1 #aeib-affb--;,,jan ,,/e51 #afbf-afgi--;,,g]>d ,,d[1 #afac-afhj--;,,de ,,hoo*1 ,,dates ,,( ,,bir? ,,& ,,dea? ,,unkn[n--,,van ,,o/ade1 #afaj-afhe--,,maas1 #afcb-afic--,,metzu1 #afae4 ,,/ill ,,alive ,,9 #affg--,,t]burg1 #afjh-afha--,,net*]1 #afci-afhd--;,,bol1 #afaa-afhj--,,van ,,d] ,,hel/1 #afac-afgj--,,ruysdael1 #afbe 787-#afhb--;,,hobbema1 #afch-agji--;,,b]*em1 #afbj-afhc--;,,bo? #afjj 787-#afej787 ,,du ,,j>d91 #afbe-afgh--;,,adrian ,,van ,,de ,,velde1 #afci-afgb--,,van ,,d] ,,heyd51 #afcg-agab--;,,de ,,witte1 #afjg-afib--,,van ,,d] ,,ne]1 #afai 787-#afhc--,,william ,,van ,,de ,,velde1 ,,! ,,y\ng]1 #afcc-agjg--;,,backhuys51 #afca-agjh--,,van ,,de ,,capella1 ,,ab\t #afec--;,,hondecoet]1 #afcf-afie--;,,jan ,,we5ix1 #afdd-agai--,,pat] ,,seg]s1 #aeij-affa--,,van ,,huysum1 #afhb-agdi--,,van ,,d] ,,w]ff1 #afei-agbb--,,m5gs1 #agbh-aggd #cia 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,old ,,ma/]s ,,& ,,_! ,,pictures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,art--,,giotto1 #abgf-accg--;,,&rea ,,pisano4 #abhj-acde--,,orcagna1 #acae-acgf ,,ghib]ti1 #acha-adee--,,masaccio1 #adjb-adbh ,,or #adbi--;,,fra ,,angelico1 #achg-adee4 ,a p5cil & pap]1 a box ( col\rs1 & a scrap-book1 =m s (t5 a *ild's fav\rite toys t "o might expect t a v l>ge portion ( m5 & wom5 w\ld prove pa9t]s4 ,b1 z we gr[ 9 ye>s & k1 ! discrepancy betwe5 nature & our attempts to copy nature1 /rike u m & m1 until we turn 9 dissatisfaction & disgu/ f ! va9 ef=t4 ,!re 0 only "o old woman 9 an ,esquimaux tribe :o c\ld be call$ =w>d to draw ) a /ick on ! s& a suffici5tly graphic lik5ess ( ! ,erebus & ! ,t]ror4 ,x is only a few gr\ps ( m5 belong+ to diff]5t c\ntries1 ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 :o h be5 able to give u pa9t+s to :i* we turn 9 wond] & admiration1 & say t ^! are 9 _! degree fair expon5ts ( nature4 ,! old pa9t]'s half-haughty1 half-humble prote/ 0 true--x is ',god ,almighty1' :o 9 rais+ "h & !re m5 above _! fell[s1 'makes pa9t]s4' ,b let u be ?ankful t ! old prop5sity to delight 9 a facsimile1 or 9 an idealiz$ v]sion ( nature1 survives 9 ! v common satisfaction & joy--:e!r cultivat$ or uncultivat$--- d]iv$ f look+ at pictures1 ?9k+ ov] _! details1 /riv+ to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! pa9t]s1 & proce$+ f>!r to consid] ! lives & times :i* ?r[ light on works ( g5ius4 ,music itself is n m univ]sally & gladly li/5$ & respond$ to1 ?an pictures are look$ at & rememb]$4 ,?us ,i h no fe> ( fail+ to int]e/ y1 my read]s1 9 my subject if ,i c only treat x sympa!tically1--ent] at a humble di/ance into ! _s ( ! pa9t]s & ( _! pa9t+s1 & place be=e y "s ( ! pa9t+s by rev]5t & lov+ ^w-pa9t+ su* z o!rs h a*iev$1 & su* z ,i may /rive to atta9 to1 t y may be 9 a sort e>ly famili> ) ^! pa9t+s1 be=e y see !m 9 engrav+s & photographs1 & on canvas & 9 fresco1 z ,i tru/ y may be privileg$ to see _m ( !m1 :5 y may hail !m n only = :at !y are1 ! glories ( art1 b = :at !y h be5 to y 9 ?\ghts ( beauty & high desires4 ,( ! old ,greek pa9t+s1 ( :i* !re are left isolat$ specim5s dug up 9 ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 ,i _c af=d to say any?+1 & ( ! m mod]n ,greek art :i* 0 spread ov] ,europe aft] ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople ,i ne$ on ,europe ! bir?-place ( pa9t+ z ( o!r arts1 t ,greek pa9t+ :i* illu/rat$ e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 0 pa9t+ 9 its decl9e & decay1 borr[+ n only sup]/iti\s conv5tionalities1 b b>b>ic attributes ( gild+ & blazon+ to hide its infirmity & pov]ty4 ,virg9s ( ! same weak & mean+less type1 betwe5 att5uat$ sa9ts or angels1 & doll-l *ild-,*ri/s 9 ! "o inv>iable attitude hold+ up two f+]s ( a baby h& to bless ! spectator & wor%ipp]s1 7 = ev] repeat$4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! in/ances ( rude or meagre contempor>y pa9t+s ) :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians adorn$ _! places ( wor%ip & ! sepul*res ( _! dead 9 ! basilicas & catacombs ( ,rome1 are v curi\s & int]e/+ = _! antiquity & _! associations1 & z illu/rations ( fai?2 b !y pres5t no intr9sic beauty or wor?4 ,!y are n only clumsy & *ildi% designs ill execut$1 b !y are r5d]$ un9telligible to all save ! initiat$ 9 su* hi]oglyphics1 by (f]+ an elaborate gr\nd-"w ( type1 antitype1 & symbol1 on :i* ! arti/ probably sp5t a l>ge "p ( 8 /r5g?4 ,lambs & lilies1 s]p5ts1 v9es1 fi%es1 dolph9s1 pho5ixes1 cocks1 an*ors1 & javel9s play$ ne>ly z conspicu\s a "p 9 ?is art z did ! dead believ]1 or 8 or h] patron sa9t1 :o might h be5 suppos$ to =m ! pr9cipal figure 9 ! picture4 ,italian art exi/$ 9 ^! small beg9n+s1 9 ! gorge\s b qua9tly =mal or fanta/ic devices ( illum9at$ missals1 & 9 ! /iff spasmodic ef=ts ( "h & !re an arti/ _s su* z ! old ,flor5t9e ,cimabue's1 :5 a great man h]ald$ a great epo*4 ,b fir/ ,i %\ld l to m5tion ! means by :i* art !n work$4 ,pa9t+ on bo>d & on pla/]$ walls1 ! second /yl$ pa9t+ 9 fresco1 prec$$ pa9t+ on canvas4 ,col\rs 7 mix$ ) wat] or ) size1 egg1 or fig-juice--! latt] practices t]m$ temp]a 79 ,engli% 9 di/emp]7 be=e oil 0 us$ to mix col\rs4 ,b pa9t]s did n conf9e !mselves !n to pa9t+ ) p5cil or bru%1 else !y might h atta9$ te*nical excell5ce soon]4 ,x has be5 well said t ! poems ( ! middle ages 7 writt5 9 /one2 s ! e>li] pa9t]s pa9t$ 9 /one1 9 t mosaic "w :i* "o ( !m call$--ref]r+ to its durability--'pa9t+ = et]nity2' & 9 metals4 ,_m ( !m 7 ! sons ( jewell]s or jewell]s !mselves2 !y work$ 9 iron z well z 9 gold & silv]1 & !y 7 sculptors & ar*itects z well z pa9t]s2 eng9e]s also1 s f> z eng9e]+ 9 ! con/ruction ( roads1 bridges1 & canals1 0 kn[n 9 ^? days4 ,! ,greek k ( anatomy 0 well-nigh lo/1 s t draw+ 0 incorrect & =m bad4 ,! idea ( %[+ degrees ( di/ance1 & ! managem5t ( light & %ade1 7 feebly develop$4 ,ev5 ! =e-%ort5+ ( figures 0 s difficult to ! old ,italian pa9t]s t !y c\ld n c>ry x into ! extremities1 & m5 & wom5 seem z ?\gh /&+ on ! po9ts ( _! toes4 ,l&scape-pa9t+ did n exi/ f>!r ?an t a rock or a bu%1 or a few blue l9es1 ) fi%es out ( proportion prom95tly int]pos$1 indicat$1 z on ! old /age1 t a des]t1 a =e/1 or a sea1 0 to play its "p 9 ! /ory ( ! picture4 ,s also portrait-pa9t+ 0 n ?\ght (1 unless x occurr$ 9 ! lik5ess ( a great man belong+ to ! "t & place ( ! pa9t]1 :o 0 ! donor ( "s picture to *apel or mona/]y1 or ( ! pa9t] himself1 alike introduc$ into sacr$ gr\ps & sc5es2 = pictures 7 uni=mly ( a religi\s "*1 until a little lat]1 :5 !y m]g$ into allegorical repres5tations1 j z "o rememb]s t miracle plays pass$ into moral plays be=e ord9>y human life 0 reproduc$4 ,until ?is p]iod1 :at we call dramatic expression 9 mak+ a /rik+ situation1 or ev5 9 br++ ! look ( joy or sorr[1 pleasure or pa91 into a face1 _h h>dly be5 atta9$4 ,p]haps y w ask1 :at m]it _h ! old pa9t+s ( ! middle ages to comp5sate = s _m great disadvantages & incongruities8 ,c]ta9ly be=e ! "t ,i h rea*$1 !y h1 ) r>e exceptions1 little m]it1 save t fasc9ation ( pa?os1 half-comic1 half-tragic1 :i* belongs to ! /ruggl+ dawn ( all great endeav\rs1 & especially ( all endeav\rs 9 art4 ,b j at ?is epo*1 art1 9 "o man1 took a great /ride1 began1 z ,i %all try to %[1 to ex]t an influ5ce s true1 deep1 & high t x ext5ds1 9 ! noble/ =ms1 to ! pres5t day1 & mu* m ?an comp5sates to ! ?\ghtful & poetic = a protract$ tra9 ( te*nical blund]s & defici5cies4 ,giotto1 kn[n also z ,magi/] ,joctus1 0 born 9 #abgf ne> ,flor5ce4 ,i d>e say _m h he>d "o leg5d ( him1 & ,i mean to tell ! leg5ds ( ! pa9t]s1 because ev5 :5 !y are mo/ d\btful !y give ! mo/ /rik+ indications ( ! times & ! light 9 :i* pa9t]s & _! pa9t+s 7 reg>d$ by ! _w ( arti/s1 & by ! _w at l>ge2 b s f> z ,i h he>d ?is leg5d ( ,giotto has n be5 disprov54 ,! only objection :i* c be urg$ aga9/ x1 is t x is f\nd pres]v$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 ( v diff]5t individuals--a cr[n+ objection also to ! leg5d ( ,william ,tell4 ,giotto 0 a %eph]d boy keep+ 8 fa!r's %eep & amus+ himself by draw+ ) *alk on a /one ! fav\rites ( ! flock1 :5 8 draw+s attract$ ! att5tion ( a travell] pass+ f ! heights into ! valley4 ,?is travell] 0 ! well-born & highly-e/eem$ pa9t] ,cimabue1 :o 0 s delight$ ) ! little lad's r\gh outl9es1 t gett+ ! cons5t ( ,giotto's fa!r1 ,cimabue adopt$ ! boy1 c>ri$ him (f to ! city ( ,flor5ce1 introduc$ him to 8 /udio1 & s f> z man c\ld supplem5t ! "w ( ,god1 made a pa9t] ( ! y\?ful g5ius4 ,i may add "h a lat] leg5d ( ,giotto4 ,pope ,boniface ,,viii1 reque/$ specim5s ( skill f v>i\s arti/s ) ! view to ! appo9tm5t ( a pa9t] to decorate ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,giotto1 ei!r 9 impati5t disda91 or to %[ a c>eless triumph ( skill1 ) "o fl\ri% ( 8 h&1 )\t ! aid ( compass1 execut$ a p]fect circle 9 r$ *alk1 & s5t ! circle z 8 contribution to ! specim5s requir$ by ! ,pope4 ,! audaci\s specim5 0 accept$ z ! mo/ conclusive1 ,giotto 0 *os5 z ! ,pope's pa9t] = ! occasion1 & f ! incid5t arose ! ,italian prov]b 'r\nd z ! o ( ,giotto4' ,giotto 0 ! fri5d ( ,dante1 ,petr>*1 & ,boccaccio1 especially ( ,dante1 to :om ! gr&eur ( "s ( ! pa9t]'s designs has be5 vaguely en\gh attribut$4 ,! poet ( ! ',inf]no' wrote ( 8 fri5d3 '444444444 ,cimabue ?\ght ,to "l x ov] pa9t+'s field2 & n[ ,! cry is ,giotto's1 & 8 "n eclips$4' ,petr>* bequea!d 9 8 w a ,madonna by ,giotto & m5tion$ x z a r>e treasure ( art4 ,boccaccio wrote a m]ry anecdote ( 8 comrade ! pa9t]'s wit1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he ref]r$ ) notable pla9-speak+ to ,giotto's 'flat curri%' pla9ness ( face4 ,! impression h&$ d[n ( ,giotto's "* is t ( an indep5d5t1 high-spirit$ man1 full ( inv5tion1 full ( imag9ation1 & also1 by a preci\s comb9ation1 full ( %rewdness & common s5se2 a man g5ial1 giv5 to rep>tee1 & at ! same "t n defici5t 9 ! tact :i* deprives rep>tee ( its /+4 ,:ile he 0 work+ to ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,naples1 ! k+1 :o 0 wat*+ ! pa9t] on a v hot day1 said1 ) a %rug1 ',if ,i 7 y1 ,giotto1 ,i w\ld leave (f "w & re/ myself ?is f9e day1 ',& s w\ld ,i1 sire1 if ,i 7 y1' repli$ ! wag4 ,i ne$ sc>cely add t ,giotto 0 a man highly e/eem$ & v prosp]\s 9 8 day2 "o acc\nt reports him z ! head & ! fa!r ( f\r sons & f\r daught]s4 ,i h purposely writt5 fir/ ( ! fame1 ! reput$ "*1 & ! circum/ances ( ,giotto be=e ,i proce$ to 8 "w4 ,?is great "w 01 9 brief1 to brea! into pa9t+ ! liv+ s\l :i* _h till !n--9 m$iaeval times--be5 l>gely abs5t4 ,giotto w5t to ,nature = 8 inspiration1 & n cont5t ) ! imm5se innovation ( sup]s$+ by ! actual repres5tation ( m5 & wom5 9 outl9e1 t9t1 & attitude1 ! rigid traditions ( 8 pr$ecessors1 he put m5's passions 9 _! faces--! melan*oly look$ sad1 ! gay glad4 ,?is result1 to u s simple1 fill$ ,giotto's lively c\ntrym51 :o _h seldom se5 x1 ) a/oni%m5t & delight4 ,!y cri$ out z at a m>vel :5 he made ! commone/ de$ ev5 co>sely lifelike1 z 9 ! case ( a sailor 9 a boat1 :o turn$ r\nd ) 8 h& be=e 8 face & spat into ! sea2 & :5 he illu/rat$ ! de$ ) ! correspond+ expression1 z 9 ! ?rill ( eag]ness t p]ceptibly p]vad$ ! :ole figure ( a ?ir/y man :o /oop$ d[n to dr9k4 ,b ,giotto 0 no m]e reali/ ?\gh he 0 a great reali/2 he 0 also 9 ! highe/ light an ideali/4 ,8 s5se ( h>mony & beauty 0 true & noble2 he rose above ! real into '! ?+s unse5 & et]nal1' ( :i* ! real is b a r\gh manife/ation4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to pa9t a crucifixion robb$ ( ! horrible triumph ( physical p[]1 & ( ! agony :i* is at its bidd+1 & inve/$ ) ! div9ity ( awe & love4 ,giotto's "w did n end ) himself2 he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! e>lie/ wor?y s*ool ( ,italian art1 s wor?y 9 ?is v glori\s idealism1 t1 z ,i h already said1 ! m5 ^: praise is mo/ to be covet$1 h le>n$ to turn back to ,giotto & 8 imm$iate successors1 &1 =gett+ & =giv+ all _! ignorance1 crud5ess1 qua9tness1 to dwell nev] we>i$1 & extol )\t measure ^! olde/ ma/]s' dignity ( _s1 ! e>ne/ness ( _! orig9ality1 ! solemnity & he$fulness ( _! lab\r4 ,x w\ld seem z if skill & poli%1 ) ! am\nt ( att5tion :i* !y appropriate1 ) _! elevation ( mann] ov] matt]1 & !nce _! l[]$ /&>d1 are apt to rob f or blur 9 m5 ^! highe/ qualifications ( g5ius1 = x is true t judges miss ev5 9 ! ,lion>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,raphael ( a lat] & mu* m accompli%$ g5]ation1 &1 to a f> great] ext5t1 9 ! ,rub5s ( ano!r & /ill lat] day1 ! p]fect simplicity1 ! unalloy$ f]v\r1 ! purity ( t5d]ness 9 ,giotto1 ,orcagna1 ,fra ,angelico1 & 9 _! ,flemi% bre?r51 ! ,van ,eycks & ,mabuse4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( pa9t]s 9 n s wide z t betwe5 ! smoo? & brilliant epigrammatic poets ( ,anne's & ! rugg$ly ri* dramati/s ( ,elizabe?'s reign1 nei!r 0 !re ! unmi/akable prepond]ance ( su* a mighty g5ius z t ( ,%akespe>e grant$ to ! fir/ decade1 /ill ! di/9ction 0 ! same 9 k9d4#a ,i wi% y1 my read]s1 to note x 9 ! v comm5cem5t1 & to le>n1 l ! ?\ghtful /ud5ts ( pa9t+1 to put aside any half-*ildi% ov]-e/imate ( ! absurdity ( a blue /roke transfix+ a huge fl\nd]-l fi% z a lik5ess ( a sea1 7:i* y h be5 accu/om$ to see translucid1 9 break]s & foam1 9 mod]n m>9e pictures17 or y\r quick s5se ( ! ugl9ess ( /raight figures ) long h&s1 wood5 feet1 & cl++ drap]ies1 :ile y\r eyes h be5 famili> ) well-modell$ frames & limbs & fl[+ l9es4 ,b we mu/ look deep] if we w\ld n be slaves to sup]ficial prett9ess1 or ev5 sup]ficial correctness2 we mu/ try to g into ! _s ( a pa9t+ & value x m 9 proportion z x tea*es art's noble/ lesson--! div9ity ( ! div9e1 ! s]5ity ( utmo/ /r5g?1 ! s+le-he>t$ness ( passion4 ,i h only space to tell y ( ?ree or f\r ( ! fam\s works ( ,giotto4 ,fir/1 8 allegories 9 ! great *ur*1 9 hon\r ( ,/ ,francis1 at ,assisi1 9 relation to :i*1 writ+ ( its ,g]man ar*itect1 an au?or says3 ',he built boldly aga9/ ! m\nta91 pil+ "o *ur* ^u ano!r2 ! upp] va/1 l(ty1 & admitt+ ?r\gh its broad w9d[s ! bright rays ( ! sun3 ! l[] z if 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?--l[1 solemn1 & almo/ %utt+ out ! light ( day4 ,ar\nd ! l(ty edifice grew ! conv5t1 a va/ build+1 re/+ ^u a long l9e ( ar*es cl++ to ! hill-sides4 ,z ! ev5+ draws nigh1 ca/+ its deep %ad[s across ! valley1 ! travell] b5ea? gazes upw>ds ) feel+s ( wond] & delight at ?is graceful arcade support+ ! massy conv5t2 ! anci5t t[]s & walls ( ! sil5t t[n ga!r+ ar\nd1 & ! purple rocks ris+ high above--all /ill gl[+ 9 ! l+]+ sunbeams--a sc5e sc>cely to be surpass$ 9 any clime = its sublime beauty4' ,! upp] *ur* conta9s frescoes wond]fully fre%1 by ,cimabue1 ( ,scriptural subjects1 & frescoes ( sc5es f ! life v[$ to pov]ty ( ,/ ,francis4 ,9 ! l[] *ur*1 ov] ! tomb ( ,/ ,francis1 are ! f\r ma/]pieces ) :i* we h to d4 ,^! are ! ?ree v[s ( ! ord] figuratively repres5t$4 ,m>k ! fitness & gr&eur ( two ( ! figures1 ! sugge/ion ( :i* has be5 attribut$ to ,dante1 ! woman ,*a/ity seat$ beyond assault 9 h] rocky =tress1 & ,ob$i5ce b[+ ! neck to curb & yoke4 ,! f\r? fresco pictures ! sa9t :o di$1 'cov]$ by ano!r's cloak ca/ ov] 8 wa/$ body eat5 ) sores1' en?ron$ & glorifi$ amid/ ! ho/ ( ,heav54 ,i h *os5 ! second example ( ! art ( ,giotto because y may ) comp>ative ease see x = y\rselves4 ,x is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 hav+ belong$ to ! collection ( ! late ,samuel ,rog]s4 ,x is a fragm5t ( an old fresco :i* _h be5 "p ( a s]ies illu/rat+ ! life ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,c>m9e1 ,flor5ce1 a *ur* :i* 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 #agga4 ,! fragm5t 9 ! ,national ,gall]y has two f9e heads ( apo/les b5d+ sorr[fully ov] ! body ( ,/ ,john4 ,?\gh x is n necess>y to d x1 9 /rict ju/ice1 because good "w rises sup]ior to all accid5ts ( comp>ison z well z accid5ts ( circum/ance1 "o mu/ rememb] 9 reg>d+ ?is1 ! /ilt$ & froz5 figures & faces1 :i*1 be=e ,giotto broke _! bonds & inspir$ !m1 _h pr(ess$ to tell ! ,bible's /ories4 ,! ?ird in/ance ,i h *os5 to quote is ,giotto's portrait ( ,dante :i* 0 s /rangely lo/ = _m ye>s4 ,! portrait occurs 9 a pa9t+1 ! fir/ record$ p]=mance ( ,giotto's1 9 :i* he 0 said to h introduc$ ! lik5ess ( _m ( 8 contempor>ies1 on ! wall ( ! ,palazzo dell' ,pode/a or ,c\ncil ,*amb] ( ,flor5ce4 ,dur+ ! bani%m5t ( ,dante ! wall 0 pla/]$ or :ite-wa%$ ov]1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8 enemies1 & ?\gh believ$ to exi/1 ! picture 0 hidd5 d[n to #ahdj1 :51 aft] v>i\s futile ef=ts to recov] x1 ! figures 7 aga9 br\ght to light4 ,?is portrait ( ,dante is altoge!r remov$ f ! lat] portraits ( ! indignant & we>y man1 ( :om ! ,italian m>ket-wom5 said t he _h be5 9 ,hell z well z 9 exile4 ,giotto's ,dante on ! walls ( ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] is a noble "y man ( ?irty1 full ( ambiti\s hope & e>ly di/9ction4 ,! face is slightly po9t$1 ) broad =ehead1 hazel eyes1 /raight br[s & nose1 m\? & *9 a little project+4 ,! close cloak or ve/ ) sleeves1 & cap 9 folds hang+ d[n on ! %\ld]1 ! h& hold+ ! triple fruit1 9 progno/ication ( ! h>ve/ ( virtue & r5[n :i* 0 to be s bitt] z well z s glori\s1 are all 9 keep+ & h a maje/y ( _! own4 ,! picture is probably kn[n by engrav+s to _m ( my read]s4 ,! la/ example ( ,giotto's1 is ! "o :i* ( all 8 works is mo/ pot5t & pat5t 9 its beauty1 & has /ruck1 &1 9 s f> z we c tell1 w = ages /rike1 ) its greatness multitudes ( widely diff]5t degrees ( cultivation ^: intellectual capacity is z f> ap>t z _! critical faculty4 ,i mean ! mat*less ,campanile or bell-t[] 't[]+ ov] ! ,dome ( ,brunelles*i' at ,flor5ce1 =m$ ( col\r$ m>bles--= :i* ,giotto fram$ ! designs1 & ev5 execut$ ) 8 own h&s ! models = ! sculpture4 ,) ?is lovely sight ,dean ,al=d's description is m 9 keep+ ?an ! prosaic say+ ( ,*>les ,v41 t '! ,campanile ought to be kept "u glass4' ,dean ,al=d's en?usiasm ?us expresses itself3 ',a mass ( v>i$ light writt5 on ! cl\dless sky ( unfa?om$ blue2 v>i$ b bl5d$1 z nev] 9 any o!r build+ t we _h se52 ! w>m yell[ ( ! light] m>bles sep>at$ b n disunit$ by ! ev]-recurr+ b&s ( d>k2 or gl[+ into r$ :]e ! kisses ( ! sun _h be5 hotte/2 or fad+ aga9 into :ite :]e ! %ad[s mo/ly haunt$1 or :]e ! r5ovat+ h& _h be5 wag+ conflict ) decay4' ,x is kn[n t ,giotto1 toge!r ) 8 fri5d ,dante1 di$ be=e ?is--,giotto's la/ great "w--0 f9ally con/ruct$ by ,giotto's pupil1 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 & t !re=e nei!r ( ! fri5ds c\ld h really look$ on ',giotto's ,t[]1' ?\gh ,italian ,cic]oni po9t out1 & /rang]s love to contemplate1 ! v /one on :i* ',grim ,dante' sat & gaz$ ) admiration 9 ! calm light ( ev5+ on ! endur+ memorial ( ! pa9t]4 ,giotto di$ 9 ! ye> #accf or #accg1 8 biograph] adds1 'no less a good ,*ri/ian ?an an excell5t pa9t]1' & 9 tok5 ( 8 fai? he pa9t$ "o crucifixion 9 :i* he introduc$ 8 own figure 'kneel+ 9 an attitude ( deep devotion & contrition at ! foot ( ! ,cross4' ,! good ta/e ( su* an act has be5 que/ion$1 s has be5 ! practice :i* pa9t$ ! ,virg9 ,"m n[ z a br[n ,italian1 n[ z a r$ & :ite ,flem+1 & aga9 z a flax5-hair$ ,g]man or z a sw>?y ,spani>d1 & drap$ h] & all ! m9or figures 9 ! gr&e/ drama ! _w ev] saw--z well z ! *>act]s 9 old] ,scripture hi/ories1 9 ! ,flor5t9e1 ,v5etian1 & ,antw]p fa%ions ( ! day4 ,! def5ce ( ! practice is1 t ! ,bible is = univ]sal "t1 t its ,virg9 ,"m1 its apo/les & sa9ts1 7 types ( o!r mo!rs & ( o!r h]oes runn+ d[n ! /ream ( hi/ory2 t ev5 ! "o c5tral & holy figure1 if ,he may be repres5t$ at all1 z ! ,div9e bro!r ( all humanity1 may be clad n inaptly 9 ! g>m5ts ( all4 ,x appe>s to me t !re is reason 9 ?is answ]1 & t view$ 9 its light ! criticism :i* con/antly dem&s hi/oric fidelity is bo? c>p+ & n>r[4 ,i d n mean1 h[ev]1 to und]rate hi/oric accuracy 9 itself1 or to depreciate t long+ = complet5ess 9 e p>ticul>1 :i* drives our mod]n pa9t]s to ! ,ea/ to /udy pati5tly = mon?s ! aspects ( nature "u its ,ori5tal climate1 ) its peculi> p & animals1 its anci5t co/umes & ar*itecture4 ,giotto 0 buri$ ) suitable hon\rs by a city :i*1 l ! re/ ( ! nation1 has magnifi$ its pa9t]s among/ its great m51 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore1 :]e 8 ma/] ,cimabue _h be5 buri$4 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici aft]w>ds plac$ ov] ,giotto's tomb 8 effigy 9 m>ble4 ,9 *ronicl+ anci5t art ,i mu/ "h div]ge a little4 ,i h already m5tion$ h[ closely pa9t+ 0 9 ! beg9n+ alli$ ) work+ 9 metals z well z ) sculpture & ar*itecture4 ,x is ?us necess>y to write ( a magnific5t "w 9 metal1 ! /udy & admiration ( g5]ations ( pa9t]s1 begun 9 ! life ( ,giotto1 & complet$ 9 two divisions1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s4 ,we %all proce$ to deal ) ! fir/ division1 & recur to ! second a little lat]4 ,! old ,italian cities4 ,!y 7 !n ! great m]*ant cities ( ! _w1 m or less republican 9 _! con/itution4 ,!y /ood to ! citiz5s1 :o r>ely left _! walls1 at once z peculi> possessions & z native c\ntries r ?an z cities alone1 :ile !y excit$ all ! patriotism1 pride1 & love t 7 else:]e exp5d$ on a :ole c\ntry--:i* aft] all 0 held z belong+ l>gely to its k+ & nobles4 ,! old ,italian m]*ant guilds1 & weal?y m]*ants z individuals1 vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 signaliz+ _! good citiz5%ip by pres5t+--z gifts id5tifi$ ) _! names--to _! cities1 ^? palace build+s1 *apels1 pa9t+s1 gates1 :i* are ! delight ( ! _w to ?is day4 ,x 0 a m]*ant guild :i* ?\ght happily ( giv+ to ,flor5ce ! bronze gates to ! bapti/]y ( ,san ,giovanni or ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 atta*$ to ! ,ca!dral4 ,aft] "s competition ! gates 7 intru/$ to ,&rea ,pisano1 "o ( a great gr\p ( pa9t]s1 sculptors1 & ar*itects l9k$ toge!r & nam$1 z s (t5 happ5$ 9 ,italy1 = _! place ( bir?1 ,pisa4 ,&rea execut$ a s]ies ( beautiful reliefs f ! life ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 :i* 7 ca/ 9 #accj1 gilt1 & plac$ 9 ! c5tre door-way4 ,i %all leave ! re/ ( ! gates1 /ill m exquisitely wr\ght1 till _! prop] "t1 only obs]v+ t ! ,pisani gr\p ( c>v]s & f\nd]s are suppos$ to h atta9$ _! extraord9>y sup]iority 9 skill & grace1 ev5 ov] su* a pa9t] z ,giotto1 9 consequ5ce ( "o ( !m1 ,nicola ,pisano1 hav+ giv5 8 att5tion to ! /udy ( "s anci5t ,greek s>cophagi pres]v$ at ,pisa4 ,pass+ = a :ile f ! gates ( ,/ ,john ( ,flor5ce1 we come back to pa9t+ & a pa9t]1 & ) !m to ano!r monum5t--9 itself v noble & curi\s 9 its m\ld]+ age1 ( ! old ,italians' love to _! cities4 ,&rea ,orcagna1 o!rwise kn[n z ,&rea di ,cione1 "o ( a bro!rhood ( pa9t]s1 0 born 9 ,flor5ce ab\t #acae4 ,8 greate/ works are 9 ! ,campo ,santa ( ,pisa4 ,?is wond]ful 'holy field' is a gr& legacy1 s f> z dilapidation1 alas1 w let x be1 ( ! old pa9t]s4 ,orig9ally a place ( burial1 ?\gh no long] us$ z su*1 x is enclos$ by high walls & an arcade1 some?+ l ! cloi/]s ( a ca!dral or college runn+ r\nd1 & hav+ on ! nor? & ea/ sides *apels :]e masses = ! dead 7 celebrat$4 ,! space 9 ! c5tre 0 fill$ ) e>? br\ght f ! ,holy ,l& by ! m]*ant %ips ( ,pisa4 ,x is cov]$ ) turf1 hav+ tall cypress-trees at ! corn]s1 & a little cross 9 ! c5tre4 ,! arcade is pi]c$ ) sixty-two w9d[s1 & conta9s on its m>ble pavem5t hundr$s ( monum5ts--among !m ! ,greek s>cophagi /udi$ by ,nicola ,pisano4 ,b ! great di/9ction ( ! ,campo ,santa 7( :i* !re are _m photographs7 are ! walls opposite ! w9d[s ( ! arcade pa9t$ ) ,scriptural subjects by arti/s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 = ! decoration ( ! walls 0 cont9u$ at int]vals1 dur+ two hundr$ ye>s4 ,! havoc wr\ght by "t & damp has be5 t]rible2 n only are ! pictures fad$ & discol\r$1 b ( ! e>lie/ only mutilat$ fragm5ts1 '"h an arm & !re a head1' rema94 ,giotto's illu/rations ( ! book ( ,job h ?us p]i%$4 ,/ill ,orcagna's "w has p>tially escap$1 & left u indications ( :at x 0 9 8 & its y\?1 :5 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael did n disda9 to borr[ f x 9 design & arrangem5t4 ,dean ,al=d has ?us describ$ ,orcagna's m\rnful1 ?\ghtful ',triumph ( ,dea?3' ',! picture is "o ( cr[d$ action1 & conta9s v _m p]sonages4 ,! action may be suppos$ to beg9 9 ! l[] corn] on ! "r h&4 ,!re we see :at appe>s to be a w$d+-p>ty seat$ 9 fe/ivity "u a grove ( orange-trees lad5 ) fruit4 ,ov] two ( !m a pair ent]ta9+ !m ) m]ry /ra9s4 ,b close to !m on ! left comes swoop+ d[n on bats' w+s1 & arm$ ) ! inevitable scy!1 ! g5ius ( ,dea?4 ,h] wild hair /reams 9 ! w9d1 h] bosom is invuln]able1 be+ clos$ 9 a trellis$ arm\r ( /eel4 ,b5ea? h]1 on ! gr\nd1 are a heap ( corpses1 %[n by _! attire to be ! great & weal?y ( ! _w4 ,?ree w+$ figures1 two fi5ds & "o angel1 are draw+ s\ls1 9 ! =m ( *ildr51 out ( ! m\?s ( ?ree ( ^! corpses4 ,above1 ! air is full ( fly+ spirits1 angels & demons3 ! =m] beautiful & sa9tly1 ! latt] hide\s & be/ial4 ,"s are dragg+1 or be>+ upw>ds1 human s\ls3 o!rs are on _! way to fet* !m f ! heaps ( dead3 o!rs1 aga91 are fly+ ab\t app>5tly )\t aim4 ,fur!r yet to ! left1 a company ( wret*$ ones1 lame & 9 rags1 are invok+ ,dea? ) out/ret*$ arms to come to _! relief2 b %e sweeps by & he$s !m n4 ',divid+ "o half ( ! picture f ! o!r1 is a high range ( rocks1 t]m9at+ 9 a fi]y m\nta91 into :i* ! demons are ca/+ ! unhappy s\ls :i* !y h c>ri$ (f4 ,beyond t seems to be a repetition ( ! same lesson respect+ ,dea? 9 ano!r =m4 ,a p>ty ( knights & dames are issu+ on horseback f a m\nta9 pass4 ,9 ! left h& ( ! picture !re lie 9 _! pa? ?ree corpses 9 c(f9s1 ) coronets on _! heads4 ,"o is newly dead2 on ! second1 decay has begun its "w2 ! ?ird is r$uc$ to a gr9n+ skeleton4 ,! impression produc$ on ! gay p>ty by ! sight is v v>i\s4 ,"s look on c>elessly2 "o holds 8 nose 9 disgu/2 "o1 a lady jewell$ & cr[n$1 leans h] head on h] h& 9 solemn ?\ght4 ,above1 on a ris+ gr\nd1 an ag$ monk 7x is said1 ,sa9t ,mac>ius7 is hold+ a scroll1 & po9t+ out to pass5g]s ! moral ( ! sight :i* meets !m4 ,! pa? w9ds up a hill cr[n$ ) a *ur*1 & by its side at v>i\s po9ts are h]mits sitt+ 9 calm security1 or foll[+ peaceful occupations4 ,"o ( !m is milk+ a doe2 ano!r is read+2 a ?ird is calmly contemplat+ f a di/ance ! valley ( ,dea?4 ,ab\t !m are v>i\s animals & birds4 ,! idea evid5tly int5d$ to be convey$ is t deliv]ance f ! fe> ( dea? is to be f\nd n 9 gaiety & dissipation1 b 9 contemplation & communion ) ,god4 ',su* is ! wond]ful fresco1 & ! execution is z wond]ful z ! conception4 ,belong+ z ! pa9t] did to a rude & e>ly p]iod ( art1 he yet _h ! p[] ( end[+ 8 figures ) bo? maje/y & t5d]ness ( expression4' ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t is no less solemn & sad1 ) hope temp]+ its sadness4 ,mrs ,jameson's note ( x is3 ',above1 9 ! c5tre1 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 are ?ron$ 9 sep>ate glories4 ,he turns to ! left1 t[>ds ! condemn$1 :ile he uncov]s ! w\nd 9 8 side1 & raises 8 "r arm ) a m5ac+ ge/ure1 8 c\nt5ance full ( maje/ic wra?4 ,! ,virg91 on ! "r ( h] ,son1 is ! picture ( heav5ly m]cy1 &1 z if t]rifi$ at ! words ( et]nal condemnation1 %e turns away4 ,on ei!r side are rang$ ! ,prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,apo/les & o!r sa9ts1 sev]e1 solemn1 dignifi$ figures4 ,angels1 hold+ ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion1 hov] ov] ,*ri/ & ! ,virg92 "u !m is a gr\p ( ar*angels4 ,! ar*angel ,mi*ael /&s 9 ! mid/ hold+ a scroll 9 ea* h&2 imm$iately be=e him ano!r ar*angel1 suppos$ to repres5t ,raphael1 ! gu>dian angel ( humanity1 c[]s d[n1 %udd]+1 :ile two o!rs s\nd ! awful trumpets ( doom4 ,l[] d[n is ! e>? :]e m5 are se5 ris+ f _! graves2 arm$ angels direct !m to ! "r & left4 ,"h is se5 ,k+ ,solomon1 :o1 :il/ he rises1 seems d\btful to :i* side he %\ld turn2 "h a hypocritical monk1 :om an angel draws back by ! hair f ! ho/ ( ! y\? 9 a gay & ri* co/ume1 :om ano!r angel leads away to ,p>adise4 ,!re is wond]ful & ev5 t]rible p[] ( expression 9 "s ( ! heads2 & x is said t among !m are _m portraits ( contempor>ies1 b un=tunately no circum/antial traditions z to p>ticul> figures h rea*$ u4' ,"o ( ,orcagna's alt>-pieces1 t ( '! coronation ( ! ,virg91' conta9+ upw>ds ( a hundr$ figures1 & ) ! col\r+ /ill ri*1 is 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,z an ar*itect1 ,orcagna design$ ! fam\s ,loggia de' ,lanzi ( ! gr& ducal palace at ,flor5ce4 ,n[ ,i mu/ take y back to ! bronze gates ( ! ,bapti/]y 9 _! triumphant completion ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! fir/ gate 0 execut$ by ,&rea ,pisano4 ,i %\ld h lik$1 b = our limits1 to tell 9 full ! leg5d ( ! election ( ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti1 ! /ep-son ( a goldsmi?1 & skill$ 9 *as+ & enamell+1 to design ! second gate2 :5 yet a lad ( tw5ty-?ree1 h[ he & two o!r "y m51 "o ( !m /ill y\ng] ?an ,ghib]ti1 7 decl>$ ! mo/ promis+ competitors 9 ! trial = ! "w2 h[ ! la/ two volunt>ily )drew f ! conte/1 magnanim\sly proclaim+ ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti _! sup]ior2 h[ all ! ?ree liv$ to be fam\s1 ! "o z a f\nd] 9 metal1 ! o!rs z an ar*itect & a sculptor1 & rema9$ sworn bro!rs 9 art till dea?4 ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti has left u an expression ( ! feel+ ) :i* he set ab\t 8 task1 an expression s sugge/ive t1 ev5 _h we no o!r indication1 x is en\gh to /amp ! true & t5d] nature ( ! man4 ,he prep>$ = 8 a*ievem5t ') inf9ite dilig5ce & love'--! words des]ve to be pond]$ ov]4 ,he took at lea/ tw5ty-two ye>s to 8 "w1 receiv+ = x elev5 hundr$ flor9s4 ,he *ose 8 subjects f ! life & dea? ( ! ,"l1 work+ !m out 9 tw5ty panels1 t5 on ea* side ( ! fold+ doors1 & bel[ ^! 7 eight panels conta9+ full-l5g? figures ( ! f\r evangeli/s & f\r doctors ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 ) a complete bord] ( fruit & foliage1 hav+ heads ( prophets & sibyls int]sp]s$4 ,s entire 0 ! satisfaction ! sup]b gate gave1 t ,lor5zo 0 n m]ely load$ ) praise1 he receiv$ a commission to design & ca/ a ?ird & c5tral gate :i* %\ld surpass ! o!rs1 t 7 !nce=? to be ! side entrances4 ,= 8 second gate ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti repair$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t = subjects1 beg9n+ ) ! creation & end+ ) ! meet+ ( ,solomon & ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 & repres5t$ !m 9 t5 comp>tm5ts enclos$ 9 a ri* bord] ( fruit & foliage1 ) tw5ty-f\r full-l5g? figures ( ! ,hebrew h]oes & prophets1 cle>ly & delicately design$ & f9i%$1 occupy+ correspond+ ni*es4 ,?is cr[n+ gate engag$ ! f\nd] upw>ds ( eighte5 ye>s--=ty-n9e ye>s are giv5 z ! t]m ( ! "w ( bo? ! gates4 ,! s+le defect :i* is f\nd 9 ^? m>vell\s gates--left to u z a te/imony ( :at ! life-long devotion ( g5ius c\ld produce--is t !y ab\nd floridly bo? 9 ornam5t & action1 9 place ( be+ sev]ely simple & re/ra9$ accord+ to ! classical /&>d4 ,mi*ael ,angelo call$ ^! gates 'wor?y to be ! gates ( ,p>adise1' & !y are /ill "o ( ! glories ( ,flor5ce4 ,ca/s ( ! gates are to be f\nd 9 ! ,s*ool = ,art at ,k5s+ton1 & at ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,a "y village boy le>n$ to draw & model f ,ghib]ti's gates4 ,he 9 8 turn 0 to create 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,c>m9e at ,flor5ce a s*ool ( pa9t]s sc>cely less r5[n$ & p[]ful 9 its effects ?an t produc$ by ! works 9 ! ,campo ,santa4 ,y w f9d ! ,italian pa9t]s n unfrequ5tly kn[n by nicknames1 q z (t5 by _! fa!r's trades z by _! fa!r's surnames1 & /ill (t5] by ! t[n :i* 0 _! place ( bir? or nurture4 ,?is ,tom village bir?-place1 0 commonly call$ ,masaccio1 %ort = ,tomasaccio1 'hulk+ ,tom1' z ,i h he>d x translat$1 on acc\nt ( 8 indiff]5t1 slov5ly habits4 ,i ?9k !re is a tradition t he ent]$ a /udio 9 ,flor5ce z a col\r boy1 & electrifi$ ! pa9t] & 8 s*ol>s1 by br[nie l freaks ( pa9t+ at _! unf9i%$ "w1 9 _! abs5ce1 bett] ?an any ( 8 ma/]s1 & by ! dext]ity ) :i* he p]petrat$ ! frolic ( putt+ ! facsimile ( a fly on "o ( ! faces on ! easels4 ,8 end 0 a tragic conclusion to su* light com$y4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-six1 he quitt$ ,flor5ce = ,rome s sudd5ly t he left 8 f9e/ frescoes unf9i%$4 ,x 0 said t he 0 summon$ ?i!r by ! ,pope4 ,at ,rome1 :]e little or no?+ ( ,masaccio's life is kn[n1 he di$ %ortly aft]w>ds1 n )\t a suspicion ( 8 hav+ be5 poison$4 ,a curi\s anecdote exi/s ( ! id5tification ( ! "t :5 he =sook ,flor5ce to meet 8 dea? 9 ,rome4 ,j z we h read1 t ! p]iod ( ! dea? ( ,mass+] ! dramati/ has be5 settl$ by an entry 9 an old p>i% regi/]1 'di$1 ,philip ,mass+] a /rang]1' s !re has be5 f\nd "s qua9t equival5t to a mod]n tax-pap] :i* _h be5 deliv]$ at ! dwell+ ( ,masaccio :5 ! ^w 'gone' 0 writt5 d[n4 ,!re is a fur!r tradition--n v probable "u ! circum/ances--t ,masaccio is buri$1 )\t "n or /one1 "u ! ,brancacci ,*apel4 ,be t z x may1 he v e>ly rose to em95ce1 surpass+ all 8 pr$ecessors 9 draw+ & col\r+1 & he comb9$ ) ^? acquirem5ts su* animation & v>iety ( expression 9 8 *>act]s1 t x 0 said ( him 'he pa9t$ s\ls z well z bodies1' :ile 8 inv5tion 0 n less bold & fre%4 ,x is difficult to indicate ,masaccio's pictures because "s ( !m h be5 repa9t$ & de/roy$4 ,z to ^? 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel f ! life ( ,/ ,pet]1 7) ! exception ( two17 consid]able confusion has aris5 z to :i* are ,masaccio's1 & :i* belong to 8 s*ol> ,filipp9o ,lippi4 ,! fresco :i* ,masaccio left unf9i%$1 t ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul rais+ a dead y\? 7f traditional hi/ory71 0 f9i%$ by ,lippi4 ,9 ! fresco ( ,pet] baptiz+ ! conv]ts1 g5]ally attribut$ to ,masaccio1 !re is a lad :o has ?r[n (f 8 g>m5ts1 & /&s %iv]+ ) cold1 ^: figure1 accord+ to au?ority1 =m$ an epo* 9 art4 ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,fra ,b>tolommeo1 all /udi$ _! art 9 ?is *apel4 ,raphael borr[$ ! gr& figure ( ,/ ,paul prea*+ at ,a!ns 9 "o ( ! c>toons1 f "o ( ,masaccio's or ,filippo ,lippi's frescoes4 ,masaccio's excell5ce z an arti/1 rea*$ at an immature age1 is v rem>kable4 ,i h come to ! la/ & probably ! be/ appreciat$ among modems ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s4 ,fra ,angelico da ,fiesole1 ! g5tle dev\t monk :om ,italians call$ ',il ,beato1' ! ,bless$1 & :o probably did receive ! di/9ction ( beatification1 a di/9ction only second 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* to t ( canonization4 ,he 0 born at ! lovely little m\nta9-t[n ( ,fiesole ne> ,flor5ce1 #achg1 & 8 worldly "n1 :i* he bore only till 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye>1 0 ,guido ,petri de ,mugello4 ,9 8 y\?1 ) 8 gift already recogniz$1 s t he might well h won ease & hon\r 9 ! _w1 he ent]$ ! ,dom9ican ,conv5t ( ,/ ,m>k1 ,flor5ce1 = :at he deem$ ! good & peace ( 8 s\l4 ,he seldom aft]w>ds left x1 & t only z direct$ by 8 conv5t sup]ior1 or summon$ by ! ,pope4 ,he 0 a man devoid ( p]sonal ambition1 pure1 humble1 & meek4 ,:5 (f]$ ! ,ar*bi%opric ( ,flor5ce z a tribute to 8 sanctity1 he decl9$ x on acc\nt ( 8 unwor?9ess = ! (fice4 ,he w\ld n "w = money1 & only pa9t$ at ! comm& ( 8 prior4 ,he began 8 pa9t+ ) fa/+ & "w1 he /eadfa/ly refus$ to make any alt]ation 9 ! orig9als4 ,x is said t he 0 f\nd dead at 8 easel ) a complet$ picture be=e him4 ,x is n wond]ful1 t f su* a man %\ld come "o side ( ! p]fection ( t idealism :i* ,giotto _h begun4 ,fra ,angelico's angels1 sa9ts1 ,savi\r1 & ,virg9 are m div9ely calm1 pure1 sweet1 end[$ ) a m exult+ sa9tl9ess1 a m immortal y\? & joy1 & a m utt] self-abnegation & sympa!tic t5d]ness ?an are to be f\nd 9 ! sa9ts & ! angels1 ! ,savi\r & ! ,virg9 ( o!r pa9t]s4 ,nei!r is x surpris+ t ,fra ,angelico's defects1 besides t ( ! bad draw+ :i* %[s m 9 8 l>ge ?an 9 8 small pictures1 are ^? ( a want ( human k1 p[]1 & fre$om4 ,8 wick$--ev5 8 m e>?ly-s\l$ *>act]s1 are weak & faulty 9 action4 ,:at %\ld ! rev]5t & guileless dream] "k1 unless inde$ by inspiration ( ! rude conflicts1 ! fire & fury ( human passions int5sifi$ 9 ! malice & angui% ( devils8 ,b ,fra ,angelico's s+ul> successes f> transc5d 8 failures4 ,9 addition to ! sublime s]5ity & positive radiance ( expression :i* he c\ld imp>t to 8 heads1 8 notions ( gr\p+ & drap+ 7 full ( grace1 sometimes ( spl5d\r & magnific5ce4 ,9 h>mony ) 8 happy temp]am5t & =tunes1 he 0 fond ( gay yet delicate col\rs 'l spr+ fl[]s1' & us$ a pr(usion ( gold ornam5ts :i* d n seem out ( keep+ 9 8 pictures4 ,! mo/ ( ,fra ,angelico's pictures are 9 ,flor5ce--! be/ 9 8 own old conv5t ( ,/ ,m>k1 :]e he lov+ly adorn$ n only *apt]-hall & c\rt1 b ! cells ( 8 bro!r fri>s4 ,a crucifix ) ador+ sa9ts wor%ipp+ _! crucifi$ ,savi\r is reg>d$ z 8 ma/]piece 9 ,/ ,m>k's4 ,a fam\s coronation ( ! ,virg91 :i* ,fra ,angelico pa9t$ = a *ur* 9 8 native t[n1 & :i* is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,p>is1 is ?us describ$ by ,mrs ,jameson3 ',x repres5ts a ?rone "u a ri* ,go?ic canopy1 to :i* !re is an asc5t ( n9e /eps2 on ! highe/ kneels ! ,virg91 veil$1 h] h&s cross$ on h] bosom4 ,%e is clo!d 9 a r$ tunic1 a blue robe ov] x1 & a royal mantle ) a ri* bord] fl[+ d[n beh9d4 ,! features are mo/ delicately lovely1 & ! expression ( ! face full ( humility & adoration4 ,*ri/1 seat$ on ! ?rone1 b5ds =w>d1 & is 9 ! act ( plac+ ! cr[n on h] head2 on ea* side are twelve angels1 :o are play+ a heav5ly conc]t ) guit>s1 tamb\r9es1 trumpets1 viols1 & o!r musical in/rum5ts2 l[] ?an ^!1 on ea* side1 are =ty holy p]sonages ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t2 & at ! foot ( ! ?rone kneel sev]al sa9ts1 male & female1 among !m ,/ ,ca!r9e ) h] :eel1 ,/ ,agnes ) h] lamb1 & ,/ ,cecilia cr[n$ ) fl[]s4 ,b5ea? ! pr9cipal picture !re is a r[ ( sev5 small ones1 =m+ a bord]1 & repres5t+ v>i\s incid5ts 9 ! life ( ,/ ,dom9ic4' ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,flemi% ,,art--,,! ,,van ,,eycks1 #acff-addb--,,mabuse1 ,,matsys1 #adfj-aecj ,,or #ca4 ,9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries pa9t+ _h v mu* ! same hi/ory t x _h 9 ,italy1 b ! dates are lat]1 & !re may be a long] int]val giv5 to ea* /age ( developm5t4 ,religi\s pa9t+1 pr(use 9 symbolism1 ) masses ( details elaborately work$ 91 meets u 9 ! fir/ place4 ,?is /yle ( pa9t+ rea*$ its culm9ation1 9 :i* x includ$ 7z x did n include 9 its repres5tation 9 ! ,italian pictures7 _m & v>i$ excell5cies1 among !m ! e/abli%m5t ( pa9t+ 9 oil 9 ! pictures ( ! ,flemi% family ( pa9t]s--! ,van ,eycks4 ,be=e go+ into ! little t is kn[n ( ! family hi/ory ( ! ,van ,eycks1 ,i %\ld l to call att5tion to ! num]\s pa9t] families 9 ! middle ages4 ,:at a union1 & repose1 & happy sympa?y ( art-life x indicates1 :i* we appe> to re/lessness & sep>ate int]e/s ( mod]n life4 ,! ,van ,eycks consi/$ ( no less ?an f\r memb]s ( a family1 ?ree bro!rs1 ,hub]t1 ,john1 & ,lamb]t1 & "o si/]1 ,m>g>et1 devot$1 l h] bro!rs1 to h] art4 ,!re is a sugge/ion t !y belong$ to a small village ( ,limburg call$ ,eyck1 & repair$ to ,bruges 9 ord] to pursue _! art4 ,hub]t 0 ?irty ye>s old] ?an ,john1 & x is said t he 0 a s]i\s-m9d$ man z well z an ard5t pa9t]1 & belong$ to ! religi\s frat]nity ( our ,lady ( ,gh5t4 ,he di$ 9 #adbf4 ,john1 ?\gh ( s mu* consid]ation 9 8 pr(ession z to be believ$ to be '! ,flemi% ,pa9t]' s5t by ,duke ,philip ! ,good ( ,fl&]s & ,burgundy ) a mission to ,portugal to solicit ! h& ( a pr9cess 9 m>riage1 is report$ to h di$ v poor 9 #addi1 & has ! suspicion atta*$ to him ( hav+ be5 a lov] ( pleasure & a sp5d?rift4 ,( ,lamb]t1 ! ?ird bro!r1 almo/ no?+ is kn[n2 inde$1 ! fact ( 8 exi/5ce has only lately come to light4 ,m>g>et liv$ & di$ unm>ri$1 & belong$1 l h] bro!r ,hub]t1 to ! religi\s society ( our ,lady ( ,gh5t4 ,%e di$ ab\t #adcb4 ,! inv5tion ( pa9t+ 9 oil1 = :i* ! ,van ,eycks are commonly kn[n1 0 n lit]ally t ( mix+ col\rs ) oil1 :i* 0 occasionally done be=e _! day4 ,x 0 ! comb9+ oil ) res91 s z to produce at once a good v>ni%1 & avoid ! necessity ( dry+ pictures 9 ! sun1 a bright ?\ght1 :i* may /& 9 ! same rank ) ! con/ruction1 by ,james ,watt1 ( t valve :i* r5d]$ practicable ! application ( /eam to ma*9]y4 ,! ?\ght1 occasion$ by ! crack+ ( a picture 9 temp]a expos$ to ! sun1 is due to ,hub]t ,van ,eyck4 ,! great picture ( ! ,van ,eycks1 :i* 0 work$ at = a numb] ( ye>s by bo? ,hub]t & ,john1 &1 z "s reckon1 t\*$ by ! :ole family1 is ! ',adoration ( ! ,lamb1' at ,/ ,bavon's1 ,gh5t4 ,i %\ld l to give a fa9t idea ( ?is extraord9>y picture1 :i* 0 pa9t$ = a burgoma/] ( ,gh5t & 8 wife 9 ord] to adorn _! mortu>y *apel 9 ! ca!dral4 ,x 0 an alt> piece on sep>ate panels1 n[ brok5 up & disp]s$1 only a portion ( x be+ reta9$ 9 ,gh5t4 ,x may /rike "s z /range t a picture %\ld be on panels1 b ^? ( ! old pictures :i* 7 n on pla/]$ walls 7 commonly on panels1 _m ( !m on ! lids & sides ( *e/s & presses :i* 7 us$ to hold sacr$ vessels & prie/ly raim5t4 ,:5 ! w+s ( ! ,van ,eycks' alt>-piece ( ! ',adoration ( ! ,lamb' 7 op5$ on fe/ivals1 ! subjects ( ! upp] c5tral picture 7 se51 consi/+ ( ! ,triune ,god1 a maje/ic figure1 & at 8 side 9 /ately calm ! ,virg9 & ! ,bapti/4 ,on ! inside ( ! w+s 7 angels1 at ! two extremities ,adam & ,eve4 ,! l[] c5tral picture %[s ! ,lamb ( ! ,revelation1 ^: blood fl[s into a cup2 ov] x is ! dove ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,angels1 :o hold ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion1 wor%ip ! ,lamb4 ,f\r gr\ps ( _m p]sons advance f ! sides1 ^! are ! holy m>tyrs1 m5 & wom51 prie/s & laym54 ,9 ! =egr\nd is ! f\nta9 ( life2 9 ! di/ance are ! t[]s ( ! heav5ly ,j]usalem4 ,on ! w+s o!r gr\ps are com+ up to adore ! ,lamb2 on ! left ^? :o h lab\r$ = ! ,k+dom ( ! ,"l by worldly de$s--! soldi]s ( ,*ri/ l$ by ,/ ,george1 ,/ ,seba/ian1 & ,/ ,mi*ael1 ! patron sa9ts ( ! old ,flemi% guilds1 foll[$ by emp]ors & k+s--a goodly company4 ,beyond ! soldi]s & pr9ces1 on ! left1 are ! righte\s judges1 also on horseback4 ,9 front ( !m1 on a spl5didly cap>ison$ gray1 rides a mild1 b5evol5t old man 9 blue velvet trimm$ ) fur4 ,?is is ! lik5ess ( ,hub]t ,van ,eyck1 pa9t$ aft] 8 dea? by 8 bro!r ,john1 & ,john himself is 9 ! gr\p1 clo!d 9 black1 ) a %rewd1 %>p c\nt5ance4 ,on ! self-r5unciation h s]v$ ! ,lamb 9 ! _s1 h]mits & pilgrims1 among !m ,/ ,*ri/oph]1 ,/ ,an?ony1 ,/ ,paul ! h]mit1 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,/ ,m>y ( ,egypt4 ,a comp>tm5t und]nea?1 :i* repres5t$ hell1 f9i%$ ! :ole--yet only ! :ole on "o side1 = ! w+s :5 clos$ pres5t$ ano!r s]ies ( f9ely ?\ght-out & f9i%$ pictures--! ,annunciation2 figures ( ,micah & ,ze*>iah2 /atues ( ! two ,/ ,johns1 ) ! lik5esses ( ! donors :o gave to ! _w s great a "w ( art1 kneel+ humbly side by side1 ! burgoma/] some:at mean-look+ 9 su* company 9 spite ( ! pro( ( 8 lib]ality1 b 8 wife noble en\gh 9 feature & expression to h be5 ! orig9ator ( ?is glory ( e>ly ,flemi% pa9t+4 ,! upp] "p ( ! picture is pa9t$ on a gold gr\nd1 r\nd ! c5tral figure ( ! ,lamb is vivid gre5 grass ) masses ( trees & fl[]s--inde$ !re is mu* lovely l&scape no long] indicat$ by a rock or a bu%1 b betok5+ close obs]vation ( nature1 :e!r 9 a fruitful valley1 or a rocky defile1 or m\nta9 ridges ) fleecy cl\ds ov]head4 ,! expression ( ! imm5se numb] ( figures is z v>i$ & *>act]i/ic z _! gr\p+4#b ,hub]t ,van ,eyck di$ :ile ?is "w 0 9 progress1 & x 0 f9i%$ by 8 bro!r ,john six ye>s aft] ,hub]t's dea?4 ,:5 "o ?9ks ( ! int5se application & devotion :i* su* a "w co/s1 & recalls ! bronze gates ( ,/ ,john t occupi$ ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti #di ye>s1 & :5 we read1 z we %all read a few *apt]s f>!r on1 ( l>ge pa9t+s :i* 7 begun & end$ 9 s _m days--ev5 s _m h\rs1 "o c bett] und]/& :at is ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! works ( ! e>ly & ! lat] pa9t]s1 a diff]5ce :i* no skill1 no p[] ev5 c bridge ov]4 ,john ,van ,eyck1 :o _h liv$ late en\gh to h dep>t$ f ! pa9t+ ( sacr$ pictures alone1 s t he left portraits & an ott] hunt among 8 works1 is ?ree times repres5t$ 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 9 ?ree greatly e/eem$ portraits1 "o a d\ble portrait1 believ$ to be ! lik5esses ( ! pa9t] & 8 wife1 /&+ h& 9 h& ) a t]ri] dog at _! feet4 ,gossa]t1 call$ de ,mabuse f 8 native t[n ( ,mabeuze1 sometimes sign+ 8 "n ,joannes ,malbodius1 foll[$ 9 ! /eps ( ! ,van ,eycks1 p>ticul>ly 9 8 great picture ( ! ',adoration ( ! ,k+s1' :i* is at ,ca/le ,h[>d1 ! seat ( ! ,e>l ( ,c>lisle4 ,mabuse 0 9 ,engl& & pa9t$ ! *ildr5 ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 9 a picture1 :i* is at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,!re is a picture 9 ! palace ( ,holyrood1 ,ed9burgh1 :i* has be5 attribut$ to ,mabuse4 ,x repres5ts on ! sides ( a tripty* or dipty* 7some:at l a fold+ scre57 ,james ,,iii4 & 8 que5 ) att5dants4 ,! fur on ! que5's dress displays already t m>vell\s te*nical skill = :i* ,flemi% pa9t+ is s celebrat$4 ,hans ,meml+ belong$ to ,bruges4 ,!re is a tradition ( him1 :i* is to a c]ta9 ext5t disprov51 t he 0 a poor soldi] reliev$ by ! hospital ( ,/ ,john1 ,bruges1 & t 9 gratitude he execut$ = ! hospital ! well-kn[n reliqu>y ( ,/ ,ursula4 ,h[ev] x might h orig9at$1 ?is is ! mo/ not$ "w ( a pa9t]1 :o 0 di/+ui%$ frequ5tly by 8 m9ute missal-l pa9t+ 7he 0 also an illum9ator ( missals71 9 :i* he w\ld introduce fifte5 hundr$ small figures 9 a picture two feet eight in*es1 by six feet five in*es 9 size1 & "w out e detail ) ! utmo/ nic5ess & c>e4 ,! reliqu>y1 or '*asse1' is a wood5 c(f] or %r9e ab\t f\r feet 9 l5g?1 its /yle & =m ^? ( a ri* ,go?ic *ur*1 its purpose to hold an arm ( ! sa9t4 ,! :ole ext]ior is cov]$ ) m9iatures by ,meml+1 ne>ly ! :ole ( !m giv+ incid5ts 9 ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ,/ ,ursula1 a 'virg9 pr9cess ( ,brittany1' or ( ,engl&1 :o1 sett+ out ) elev5 ?\s& companions1 h] lov]1 & an escort ( knights on a pilgrimage to ,rome1 01 ) h] :ole company1 met & murd]$1 by a horde ( hea!n ,huns1 :5 !y _h rea*$ ,cologne1 on _! return4 ,my read]s may be aw>e t ! suppos$ bones ( ! virg9s & ,/ ,ursula =m ! gha/ly adornm5t ( ! *ur* f\nd$ 9 h] hon\r at ,cologne4 ,x is absolutely fill$ ) bones1 built into ! walls1 /[$ "u ! pavem5t1 rang$ 9 glass cases ab\t ! *oir4 ,hans ,meml+'s is a pleasant] commemoration ( ,/ ,ursula4 ,qu9t9 ,matsys1 ! blacksmi? ( ,antw]p1 0 born at ,l\va9 ab\t #adfj4 ,?\gh he work$ fir/ z a smi? he is said by ,kugl] to h belong$ to a family ( pa9t]s1 :i* some:at takes f ! romance1 ?\gh x adds to ! probability ( 8 /ory4 ,ano!r pa9t] 9 ,antw]p hav+ (f]$ ! h& & d[ry ( 8 daught]--belov$ by ,qu9t9 ,matsys--z a prize to ! pa9t] :o %\ld pa9t ! be/ picture 9 a competition = h] h&1 ! d\ghty smi? took up ! art1 ent]$ ! li/s1 & c>ri$ (f ! maid5 & h] portion f all 8 m exp]i5c$ rivals4 ,! vitality ( ! leg5d is indicat$ by ! inscription on a tablet to ! memory ( ,qu9t9 ,matsys 9 ! ,ca!dral1 ,antw]p4 ,! ,lat9 inscription reads ?us 9 ,engli%3 ',twas love connubial taught ! smi? to pa9t1' ,qu9t9 ,matsys liv$ & di$ a respect$ burgh] ( ,antw]p1 a memb] ( ! great ,antw]p pa9t]s' guild ( ,/ ,luke4 ,he 0 twice m>ri$1 & _h ?irte5 *ildr54 ,:atev] might h be5 8 s\rce ( inspiration1 ,qu9t9 ,matsys 0 an apt s*ol>4 ,8 ',desc5t f ! ,cross1' n[ 9 ! ,museum1 ,antw]p1 0 ! ',desc5t f ! ,cross1' & ! picture 9 ! ,ca!dral1 until sup]s$$ by ,rub5s' ma/]piece on ! same subject4 ,/ill ,qu9t9 ,matsys v]sion rema9s1 & is 9 "s respects an unsurpass$ picture4 ,!re is a traditional gr\p+ ( ?is ,div9e trag$y1 & ,qu9t9 ,matsys has foll[$ ! tradition4 ,! body ( ! ,"l is support$ by two v5]able old m5--,joseph ( ,arima!a & ,nicodemus--:ile ! holy wom5 ano9t ! w\nds ( ! ,savi\r2 ! ,virg9 swoon+ ) grief is support$ by ,/ ,john4 ,! figures are full ( individuality1 & _! action is in/9ct ) pa?os4 ,= ?is picture ,qu9t9 ,matsys--popul> pa9t] z he 0--got only ?ree hundr$ flor9s1 equival5t to tw5ty-five p\nds 7al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! value ( money 0 mu* great] 9 ^? days74 ,! ,jo9]s' ,company1 = :om he pa9t$ ! ',desc5t f ! ,cross1' sold ! picture to ! ,city ( ,antw]p = five times ! orig9al am\nt1 & x is said ,que5 ,elizabe? (f]$ ! ,city ne>ly tw5ty times ! fir/ sum = x1 9 va94 ,qu9t9 ,matsys pa9t$ frequ5tly half-l5g? figures ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 an example ( :i* is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,he excell$ 9 ! 'figure pa9t+' ( famili> subjects1 !n j beg9n+ to be e/abli%$1 af=d+ a tok5 ( ! direction :i* ! future em95ce ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s w\ld take4 ,"o ( 8 fam\s pictures ( ?is k9d is ',! ,mis]s1' 9 ! ,que5's collection at ,w9dsor4 ,two figures 9 ! ,flemi% co/ume ( ! "t1 are seat$ at a table2 be=e !m are a heap ( money & a book1 9 :i* "o is writ+ ) 8 "r h&1 :ile he tells d[n ! money ) 8 left4 ,! faces express craft & cupidity4 ,! details ( ! ink-horn on ! table1 & ! bird on its p]* beh9d1 h ! ,flemi% graphic exactness4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,s*ools ,,( ,,italian ,,art--,,! ,,bell9i1 #adbb-aeab--,,mantegna1 #adca-aejf--;,,ghirl&ajo1 #addi-adih--;,,il ,,francia1 #adej-aeah--;,,fra ,,b>tolommeo1 #adfi-aeag--;,,&rea ,,del ,,s>to1 #adhh-aecj4 ,i h come to ! p]iod :5 ,italian art is divid$ into _m s*ools--,paduan1 ,v5etian1 ,umbrian1 ,flor5t9e1 ,roman1 ,bolognese1 etc41 etc4 ,) ! s*ools & _! def9itions ,i d n mean to m$dle1 except x may be to m5tion to :i* s*ool a great pa9t] belong$4 ,ano!r difficulty meets me "h4 ,i h be5 try+ s f> z ,i c\ld to give ! repres5tative pa9t]s 9 ! ord] ( "t4 ,i c no long] foll[ ?is rule /rictly1 & ! gr\p+ ( ?is *apt] is made on ! pr9ciple ( lead+ my read]s up by "s ( ! pr$ecessors :o l9k$ ! old] to ! lat] ,italian pa9t]s1 & by "s ( ! contempor>ies ( ^! lat] pa9t]s1 to t c5tral f\r1 ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 & ,titian1 :o occupy s great a place 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,9 ! bro!rs ,bell9i & _! native ,v5ice1 we mu/ fir/ deal ) t excell5ce ( col\r+ = :i* ! ,v5etian pa9t]s 7 signally not$1 :ile !y comp>atively neglect$ & und]rat$ draw+4 ,a some:at fanciful !ory has be5 />t$1 t z ,v5ice1 ,holl&1 & ,engl& h be5 di/+ui%$ = col\r 9 art1 & z all ^? ,/ates are by ! sea1 s a sea atmosph]e has some?+ to d ) a passion = col\r4 ,)9 m reasonable b\nds1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,v5etians1 is ! consid]ation t no col\r+ is ri*]1 mell[]1 m exquisitely t9t$ ?an t :i* belongs to ! blue ,italian sky ov] ! blue ,adriatic1 ) ^? m]g$ %ades ( violet1 gre51 & amb]1 & t magical s(t haze :i* has to d ) a moi/ climate4 ,! two bro!rs ,g5tile & ,gian or ,john ,bell9i1 ! latt] ! m fam\s ( ! two1 7 ! sons ( an old ,v5etian pa9t]1 ) reg>d to :om ! wor?y spee* is pres]v$1 t he said x 0 l ! ,tuscans = son to beat fa!r1 & he hop$1 9 ,god's "n1 t ,giovanni or ,gian w\ld out/rip him1 & ,g5tile1 ! eld]1 out/rip bo?4 ,! bro!rs work$ toge!r & 7 true & affectionate bro!rs1 enc\rag+ & appreciat+ ea* o!r4 ,g5tile 0 s5t by ! ,doge at ! reque/ ( ! ,sultan--ei!r ,mahomm$ ,,ii1 or ,bajazet ,,ii41 to ,con/ant9ople1 :]e ,g5tile ,bell9i pa9t$ ! portrait ( ! ,sultan & ! ,sultana 8 "m1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! pa9t] also pa9t$ ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 a *>g] z an (f]+--only too suitable--f him to ! ,gr& ,turk4 ,! leg5d goes on to tell t 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5tation ( ! gift1 an incid5t occurr$ :i* induc$ ,g5tile ,bell9i to quit ! ,ottoman ,c\rt ) all ha/e4 ,! ,sultan _h criticiz$ ! appe>ance ( ! neck 9 ,john ! ,bapti/'s sev]$ head1 & :5 ,g5tile v5tur$ to def5d 8 "w1 ! ,sultan proce$$ to prove ! correctness ( 8 criticism1 by draw+ 8 scimit> & cutt+ (f at a /roke ! head ( a kneel+ slave1 & po9t+ to ! sp\t+ blood & ! %r9k+ muscle1 gave ! horrifi$ pa9t] a lesson 9 practical anatomy4 ,on ,g5tile's return f ! ,ea/1 he 0 p5sion$ by 8 ,/ate1 & liv$ on pa9t+1 till he 0 eighty ye>s ( age1 dy+ 9 #aeja4 ,gian ,bell9i is said to h obta9$ by a piece ( deceit1 :i* is n 9 keep+ ) 8 manly & hon\rable "*1 ! secret1 naturally covet$ by a ,v5etian1 ( mix+ col\rs ) res9 & oil4 ,a ,v5etian pa9t] _h br\ght ! secret f ,fl&]s1 & communicat$ x to a fri5d1 :o1 9 turn1 communicat$ x to a ?ird pa9t]1 & 0 murd]$ by t ?ird pa9t] = 8 pa9s1 s gre$y & crim9al 0 ! crav+1 n only to possess1 b to be z f> z possible ! sole possessor (1 ! gr& discov]y4 ,gian ,bell9i 0 mu* less guilty1 if he 7 really guilty4 ,disguis$ z a ,v5etian nobleman1 he propos$ to sit = 8 portrait to t ,antonella :o fir/ br\ght ! secret f ,fl&]s1 & :ile ,antonella work$ ) unsuspici\s op5ness1 ,gian ,bell9i wat*$ ! process & /ole ! secret4 ,gian ,bell9i liv$ to ! age ( n9ety1 & _h among 8 admir]s ! poet ,ario/o & ,albre*t ,du]]4 ,! latt] saw ,gian ,bell9i 9 8 age1 & said ( him1 :5 fooli% mock]s _h ris5 up to sc\t at ! old man1 & 8 art n[ become classic1 ',he is v old1 b he is /ill ! be/ ( our pa9t]s4' ,gian ,bell9i _h illu/ri\s pupils1 includ+ 9 _! numb] ,titian & ,giorgione4 ,! portraits ( ,g5tile & ,gian1 :i* are pres]v$ 9 a pa9t+ by ,gian1 %[ ,g5tile fair-complexion$ & r$-hair$1 & ,gian ) d>k hair4 ,gian ,bell9i is consid]$ to h be5 less gift$ ) imag9ation ?an "s ( 8 great bro!r arti/s2 b he has prov$ himself a man ( high moral s5se1 & :ile he /opp$ %ort at ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! se5 & ! unse51 x is c]ta9 he mu/ /ill h pa9t$ ) mu* ( '! div9e pati5ce' & dev\t consecration ( all 8 p[]s1 & ( e "p ( 8 "w1 :i* are ! attributes ( ! e>lie/ ,italian pa9t]s4 ,:5 he & 8 bro!r began to pa9t1 ,v5etian art _h already tak5 its di/9ctive "* = op5-air effects1 ri* sc5ic details 9 ar*itecture1 furniture & dress 7said to be conspicu\s 9 comm]cial communities71 & a gr[+ t5d5cy to portraiture4 ,gian w5t ) ! tide1 b he guid$ x to noble results4 ,8 simplicity & good s5se1 ) 8 purity & dignity ( m9d1 7 always pres5t4 ,he introduc$ into 8 pictures 's++ boys1 danc+ *]ubs1 glitt]+ ?rones1 & dewy fl[]s1' press+ ! out] _w into 8 s]vice & t ( religi\s art4 ,x is said also t 8 ,madonnas seem 'amiable be+s imbu$ ) a l(ty grace2' :ile 8 sa9ts are 'p[]ful & noble =ms4' ,b he nev] desc5d$ to ! paltry or ! vulg>4 ,he knew f ! dep?s ( 8 own s\l h[ to inve/ a face ) moral gr&eur4 ,especially 9 8 repres5tations ( our ,savi\r ,gian ,bell9i 'displays a p]ception ( moral p[] & gr&eur seldom equall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( art4' ,! example giv5 is t ( ! s+le figure ( ! ,"l 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 :]e ! ,son ( ,god1 )\t nimbus1 or glory1 /&s =? z ! 'ideal ( elevat$ humanity4' ,! great] portion ( ,gian ,bell9i's pictures rema9 9 ! *ur*es & gall]ies ( ,v5ice4 ,b ! fir/ great "w at :i* ! two bro!rs 9 _! y\? work$ 9 company--! pa9t+ ( ! ,hall ( ,c\ncil 9 ! palace ( ! ,doge1 ) a s]ies ( hi/orical & leg5d>y pictures ( ! ,v5etian w>s ) ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa 7#aagg71 includ+ ! ,doge ,ziani's receiv+ f ! ,pope ! gold r+ ) :i* ! ,doge esp\s$ ! ,adriatic1 9 tok5 ( p]petual dom9ion ov] ! sea--0 un=tunately de/roy$ by fire 9 #aegg4 ,giovanni ,bell9i's greate/ "w1 n[ at ,/ ,salvatore1 is ,*ri/ at ,emmaus1 ) ,v5etian s5ators & a ,turki% dragoman introduc$ z spectators ( ! ris5 ,"l4 ,( ano!r great "w at ,vic5za1 pa9t$ 9 ,gian ,bell9i's old age1 :5 nei!r 8 skill nor 8 /r5g? 0 abat$1 ',! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1' ,dean ,al=d writes ?us3 ',let u rema9 long & look e>ne/ly1 = !re is inde$ mu* to be se54 ,t c5tral figure1 /&+ ) h&s fold$ on ,8 bosom1 s g5tle1 s maje/ic1 s p]fect 9 blameless humanity1 oh :at lab\r ( rev]5t ?\ght2 :at toil ( ceaseless m$itation2 :at *anges ( fair purpose1 oscillat+ into cle>e/ vision ( ideal tru?1 mu/ x h co/ ! great pa9t]1 be=e he put =? t :i* we see n[6 ,x is z impossible to f9d aught b love & maje/y 9 ! ,div9e c\nt5ance1 z x is to discov] a blemi% on ! complexion ( t body1 :i* seems to give =? light f itself1 z ,he /&s 9 ob$i5ce1 fulfill+ all righte\sness4 ',& ev5 on ! accessories to ?is figure1 we see ! same lov+ & rev]5t toil be/[$4 ,! c9cture1 :]e alone ! body is hidd5 f view1 is no web ( man's weav+2 or1 if x 71 x is ( h]s ^: he>t 0 full ( div9e ?\ghts z %e wove3 s bright & cle> is ! t9t1 s exquisitely c>eful & delicate e fold :]e light may play or col\r v>y4 ,& look "u ! sacr$ feet1 on ! gr\nd bless$ by _! pressure2 no da% ( hurry+ bru% has be5 !re3 less ?an a long day's light1 eve1 did n suffice to give 9 individual %ape & %ade e m9ute/ pebble & mote ( t %ore ( ,jordan4 ,e "o ( !m 0 wor? pa9t+1 = we are view+ !m z 9 ! light ( ,8 pres5ce :o made !m all & knew !m all4 ',& n[ let u pass to ! o!r figures3 to t liv+ & gl[+ angelic gr\p 9 ! left h& ( ! picture4 ,?ree ( ! heav5ly ho/ are pres5t1 v>i\sly affect$ by t :i* !y behold4 ,! fir/1 next ! spectator1 9 ! corn] ( ! picture1 is /&+ 9 sil5t adoration1 t5d] & g5tle 9 expression1 ! h&s toge!r1 b only ! po9ts ( ! f+]s t\*+1 8 v rev]5ce be+ *a/5$ by angelic mode/y2 ! second turns on t :i* he sees a look ( e>ne/ inquiry1 b kneels z he looks2 & inde$ t :i* he sees is "o ( ! ?+s :i* angels desire to look into4 ,! ?ird1 a maje/ic h]ald-l figure1 /&s1 z "o speak+1 look+ to ! spectator1 ) 8 "r h& on 8 g>m5t1 & 8 left out z 9 demon/ration1 unmi/akeably say+ to u :o look on1 ,behold :at love is "h6 ,!n1 h>dly notic+ :at might well be mu* notic$1 ! gr& d>k figure ( ! ,bapti/ on ! "r1 let u obs]ve h[ beautifully & accurately all ! features ( ! l&scape are giv54' ,( ! same "w ano!r critic records3 ',! att5dant angels 9 ?is "w 7sign$ by ! arti/7 are ( special int]e/1 in/9ct ) an indef9able purity & dep? ( rev]5tial t5d]ness else:]e h>dly rivall$4 ,b ! picture1 l t 9 ,s4 ,giovanni ,criso/omo1 ) :i* x is ne>ly contempor>y1 is almo/ m int]e/+ f ! a/oni%+ tru? & beauty ( its l&scape portions4 ,^! =m "h a feature m important1 p]haps1 ?an 9 any "w ( t p]iod2 ! /ratification & =m ( ! rocks 9 ! =egr\nd1 ! palms & o!r trees reliev$ aga9/ ! lucid di/ance1 & ! m\nta9-ranges ( t5d] blue beyond1 are z mu* beyond praise = _! beauty & _! tru?1 z !y h be5 beyond imitation f ! solidity & transp>5t /r5g? ( _! execution6 ,! m9ute f9i% is ,nature's1 & ! col\r+ m gem-l ?an gems4' ,no praise c exce$ t be/[$ on ,gian ,bell9i's col\r+ = its int5sity & transp>5cy4 ',_m ( 8 drap]ies are l cry/al ( ! cle>e/ & deepe/ col\r1' decl>es an au?ority2 & ano!r /ates' 8 be/ works h a cle> jewel brightness1 an int]nal gem-l fire su* z w>ms a summ] twilight4 ,! %ad[s are int5se & yet transp>5t1 l ! ,adriatic waves :5 !y lie out ( ! sun "u ! palace bridges4' ,portrait-pa9t+1 j beg9n+1 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,v5ice1 its lat] /ronghold1 by ,gian ,bell9i4 ,8 tru?ful portrait ( ! ,doge ,lor$ano1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( t s]ies ( ,doges' portraits :i* once hung 9 /ate 9 ! ducal palace1 is n[ 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,( ,g5tile ,bell9i1 ^: "w 0 s(t]1 b less vigor\s ?an 8 bro!r's1 ! be/ pa9t+ extant is t at ,milan ( ,/ ,m>k prea*+ at ,alex&ria1 9 :i* ! pa9t] %[$ h[ he _h pr(it$ by 8 resid5ce at ,con/ant9ople 9 ! introduction ( mu* ri* ,turki% co/ume1 & ( an animal unkn[n to ,europe at ! "t--a camelop>d4 ,&rea ,mantegna 0 born ne> ,padua4 ,he 0 ! son ( a f>m]4 ,8 e>ly hi/ory1 accord+ to tradition1 is v simil> to t ( ,giotto4 ,j z ,cimabue adopt$ ,giotto1 ,squ>cione1 a pa9t] :o _h travell$ 9 ,italy & ,greece1 & made a great collection ( antiques1 f :i* he taught 9 a fam\s s*ool ( pa9t]s1 adopt$ ,&rea ,mantegna at ! e>ly age ( t5 ye>s4 ,x 0 long believ$ t ,mantegna1 9 ! end1 =feit$ ! fav\r ( 8 ma/] by m>ry+ ,nicolosa ,bell9i1 ! si/] ( ,g5tile & ,gian ,bell9i1 ^: fa!r 0 ! great rival ( ,squ>cione2 & f>!r1 t ,mantegna's /yle ( pa9t+ _h be5 consid]$ ,bell9i4 ,mod]n rese>*es1 :i* h sub/itut$ ano!r surname = t ( ,bell9i z ! surname ( ,&rea ,mantegna's wife1 contradict ?is /ory4 ,&rea ,mantegna1 a man ( mu* en]gy & fancy1 ent]$ "y into ! s]vice ( ! ,gonzaga lords ( ,mantua1 receiv+ f !m a sal>y ( ?irty p\nds a ye> & a piece ( l&1 on :i* ! pa9t] built a h\se1 & pa9t$ x )9 & )\t--! latt] "o ( ! fir/ examples ( arti/ic wa/e1 foll[$ lat] by ,t9toret & ,v]onese1 reg>dless ( ! fact t pa9t+ c\ld n survive 9 ! op5 air ( ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,&rea ,mantegna _h 8 home at ,mantua1 except :5 he 0 call$ to ,rome to pa9t = ! ,pope1 ,innoc5t ,,viii4 ,an anecdote is told by ,mrs ,jameson ( ?is commission4 ,x seems ! ,pope's paym5ts 7 irregul>2 & "o day :5 he visit$ 8 pa9t] at "w1 & 8 ,hol9ess ask$ ! mean+ ( a c]ta9 allegorical female figure 9 ! design1 ,&rea answ]$1 ) some:at audaci\s po9t1 t he 0 try+ to repres5t ,pati5ce4 ,! ,pope1 und]/&+ ! allusion1 paid ! pa9t] 9 8 own co91 by rem>k+ 9 reply1 ',if y w\ld place ,pati5ce 9 fitt+ company1 y w\ld pa9t ,discretion at h] side4' ,&rea took ! h9t1 said no m1 & :5 8 "w 0 f9i%$ n only receiv$ 8 money1 b 0 munific5tly rew>d$4 ,&rea ,mantegna _h two sons & a daught]4 ,"o ( 8 sons pa9t$ ) 8 fa!r1 &1 aft] ,&rea ,mantegna's dea?1 complet$ "s ( 8 pictures4 ,&rea ,mantegna's e>ly /udy ( antique sculpture m\ld$ 8 :ole life's "w4 ,he took great delight 9 modell+1 9 p]spective1 ( :i* he made himself a ma/]1 & 9 *i>oscuro1 or light & %ade4 ,_h 8 p[]s ( inv5tion & grace n kept pace ) 8 skill1 he w\ld h be5 a /iff & =mal work]2 z x 01 he c>ri$ ! au/]ity ( sculpture into pa9t+1 & 8 greate/ "w1 ! ',triumph ( ,julius ,caes>1' w\ld h be5 bett] suit$ = ! *isell$ frieze ( a temple ?an x is = ! pa9t$ frieze ( ! hall ( a palace4 ,yet he 0 a great lead] & tea*] 9 art1 & ! true proportions ( 8 draw+ are gr&1 if 8 col\r+ is h>%4 ,i am happy to say t ,mantegna's ',triumph ( ,julius ,caes>' is 9 ,engl& at ,hampton ,c\rt1 hav+ be5 b\ght f ! ,duke ( ,mantua by ,*>les ,i4 ,^! c>toons1 n9e 9 numb]1 are sket*es 9 wat]-col\r or di/emp] on pap] fix$ on clo?4 ,!y are fad$ & dilapidat$1 z !y well may be1 consid]+ ! slightness ( ! mat]ials & _! age1 ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,at ! same "t1 !y are1 aft] ! c>toons ( ,raphael 7:i* =m$ "p ( ! same art collection ( ,*>les ,i471 p]haps ! mo/ valuable & int]e/+ relic ( art 9 ,engl&4 ,! s]ies ( ! ',triumph' conta9 ! diff]5t p>ts1 orig9ally sep>at$ by pill>s1 ( a long & spl5did procession4 ,!re are trumpet]s & /&>d be>]s1 ! /atues ( ! gods borne al(t1 batt]+-rams & heaps ( glitt]+ arm\r1 trophies ( conque/ 9 huge vases fill$ ) co91 g>l&$ ox51 & elephants4 ,! second la/ ( ! s]ies1 pres5ts ! ranks ( captives =m+ "p ( ! %[1 rebelli\s m51 submissive wom51 & unconsci\s *ildr5--a mov+ picture4 ,9 ! la/ ( ! s]ies comes ! great conqu]or 9 8 *>iot1 a y\? 9 ! cr[d foll[+ him1 c>ry+ 8 bann]1 on :i* is inscrib$ ,caes>'s notable despat*1 ',v5i1 vidi1 vici2' ',i came1 ,i saw1 ,i conqu]$4' ,ano!r ( ,mantegna's be/ pictures is 9 di/emp]--9 :i*1 & on fresco1 ,mantegna *iefly pa9t$1--& is 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,x is ! ,madonna ( ,victory1 s call$ f its be+ pa9t$ to commemorate ! deliv]ance ( ,italy f ! ,fr5* army "u ,*>les ,,viii41 a "n :i* has acquir$ a s>donic mean+ f ! ultimate de/9ation ( ! picture4 ,?is picture--:i* repres5ts ! ,virg9 & ,*ild on a ?rone1 9 an arb\r ( fruit & fl[]s1 betwe5 ! ar*angels1 ,mi*ael & ,/ ,maurice1 9 complete arm\r1 ) ! patron sa9ts ( ,mantua & ! infant ,/ ,john 9 ! front1 & ! ,m>quis ,ludovico ( ,mantua & 8 wife1 ,isabella ,d',e/e1 kneel+ to return ?anks--0 pa9t$ by ,mantegna at ! age ( sev5ty ye>s2 &1 z if ! art ( ! man _h mell[$ ) "t1 x is ! s(te/ & t5d]e/ ( 8 pictures 9 execution4 ,a beautiful ,madonna ( ,mantegna's1 /ill lat] 9 "t1 is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,:5 ,mantegna 0 sixty ye>s old he took up ! art ( engrav+1 & prosecut$ x ) zeal & success1 be+ "o ( ! e>lie/ pa9t]s :o engrav$ 8 own pictures1 & ?is accompli%m5t spread !m abroad a hundr$fold4 ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo 0 prop]ly ,dom5ico ,bicordi1 b inh]it$ f 8 fa!r1 a goldsmi? 9 ,flor5ce1#c ! by-"n ( ,ghirl&ajo or ,g>l&-mak]--a di/9ctive appellation said to h be5 acquir$ by ! eld] man f 8 skill 9 mak+ silv] g>l&s = ! heads ( ,flor5t9e wom5 & *ildr54 ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo work$ at 8 fa!r's craft till he 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age1 :51 hav+ 9 ! mean "t ev9c$ great clev]ness 9 tak+ ! lik5esses ( ! frequ5t]s ( ,ghirl&ajo ! eld]'s %op1 ! future pa9t] ab&on$ ! goldsmi?'s trade = art pure & simple4 ,he soon v9dicat$ ! wisdom ( ! /ep :i* he _h tak5 by giv+ pro(s ( some?+ ( ! /r5g? ( ,masaccio1 unit$ ) a reflection ( ! feel+ ( ,fra ,angelico4 ,ghirl&ajo 0 summon$ soon to ,rome to pa9t 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 aft]w>ds to be s glori\s2 b 8 greate/ works 7 done 9 ! prime ( 8 manhood1 9 8 native city1 ,flor5ce1 :]e he 0 *os5 z ! tea*] ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 :o 0 appr5tic$ to ,ghirl&ajo = ?ree ye>s4 ,:ile /ill 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age & cr[n$ ) gold5 op9ions1 be+1 x is said ) effusion1 '! delight ( 8 city1' ,ghirl&ajo di$ aft] a %ort illness1 9 ,ghirl&ajo's "t ,flor5ce _h rea*$ h] m]idian1 & h] citiz5s outvi$ ea* o!r 9 ! magnific5ce ( _! gifts to _! fair "m city4 ,ghirl&ajo 0 fitt$ to be _! pa9t]2 himself a g5]\s-spirit$ arti/1 9 ! exub]ance ( life & p[]1 he wi%$ t 8 fell[-citiz5s w\ld give him all ! walls ( ! city to cov] ) frescoes4 ,he 0 cont5t ) ! specifi$ sum = 8 pa9t+1 desir+ m ! approbation ( 8 employ]s ?an additional cr[ns4 ,8 g5ius ly+ l>gely 9 ! direction ( portrait pa9t+1 he introduc$ frequ5tly ! portraits ( contempor>ies1 caus+ !m to figure z spectators ( 8 sacr$ sc5es4 ,"o ( ^! contempor>ies ?us pres5t$1 0 ,am]igo ,vespucci1 :o 0 to give 8 "n to a cont95t4 ,ano!r 0 a ,flor5t9e beauty1 a woman ( rank1 ,g9evra de ,b5ci4 ,ghirl&ajo 0 lavi% 9 8 employm5t ( ri* ,flor5t9e co/umes & ar*itecture4 ,he ev5 made ! leg5ds ( ! sa9ts & ! hi/ories ( ! ,bible appe> z if !y _h happ5$ "u ! %ad[ ( ,brunelles*i's duomo & ,giotto's campanile1 & )9 s\nd ( ! fl[ ( ! ,arno4 ,9 ! peculi> col\r+ us$ 9 fresco pa9t+ ,ghirl&ajo excell$4 ,he pa9t$ a *apel = a ,flor5t9e citiz51 ,francesco ,sasetti1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ita1 ,flor5ce1 ) sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,francis4 ,( ^!1 ! dea? ( ,/ ,francis1 surr\nd$ by ! sorr[+ monks ( 8 ord]1 ) ! figures ( ,francesco ,sasetti & 8 wife1 ,madonna ,n]a1 on "o side ( ! picture1 is consid]$ ! be/4 ,z a curi\s illu/ration ( ! mod]niz+ practice ( ,ghirl&ajo1 he has pa9t$ an old prie/ at ! foot ( ! bi]1 *ant+ ! litanies = ! dy+1 ) spectacles on 8 nose1 ! e>lie/ kn[n repres5tation ( ^! useful in/rum5ts4 ,ghirl&ajo pa9t$ dur+ f\r ye>s ! *oir ( ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella1 ,flor5ce1 = "o ( ! great ,flor5t9e b5efactors1 ,giovanni ,tornabuone1 & !re are to be se5 "s ( ,ghirl&ajo's f9e/ frescoes f ! hi/ory ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ! ,virg94 ,a ,madonna & ,*ild ) angels 9 ! ,national ,gall]y is attribut$ to ,ghirl&ajo4 ,francesco ,francia1 or ,il ,francia1 0 born at ,bologna1 & 0 ! son ( a c>p5t]1 ^: surname 0 ,raibaloni1 b ,francesco assum$ ! "n ( 8 ma/]1 a goldsmi?1 & work$ himself at a goldsmi?'s trade till he 0 =ty ye>s ( age4 ,inde$ he may be said nev] to h rel9qui%$ 8 connection ) ! trade1 & c]ta9ly he 0 no m a%am$ ( x ?an ( 8 call+ z a pa9t]1 = he sign$ himself indiscrim9ately 'goldsmi?' & 'pa9t]1' & sometimes :imsically put 'goldsmi?' to 8 pa9t+s & 'pa9t]' to 8 jewell]y4 ,he 0 a fam\s design] ( dies = co9s & m$als1 & x is q probable1 z a c\ntryman ( 8 own has s\ght to prove1 t he 0 ! celebrat$ type-cutt]1 kn[n z ',francesco da ,bologna4' ,b x is ) ,francesco 'pictor' t we h to d4 ,?\gh he only began to prosecute ! pa9t]'s art 9 middle age1 he rose ) rem>kable rapidity to em95ce1 0 ! great pa9t] ( ,lomb>dy 9 8 day1 rivall+ ,squ>cione1 ,mantegna's tea*] 9 8 s*ool1 :i* numb]$ two hundr$ s*ol>s1 & becom+ ! f\nd] ( ! e>ly ,bolognese s*ool ( pa9t]s4 ,francia is said to h be5 v h&some 9 p]son1 ) a k9dly disposition & an agreeable mann]4 ,he 0 on t]ms ( cordial fri5d%ip ) ,raphael1 !n 9 8 y\?1 & ?irty ye>s ,il ,francia's junior4 ,il ,francia address$ an en?usia/ic sonnet to ,raphael1 & !re is extant a lett] ( ,raphael's to ,il ,francia1 excus+ himself = n s5d+ 8 fri5d ,raphael's portrait1 & mak+ an ex*ange ( sket*es1 t ( 8 ',nativity' = ! draw+ ( ,il ,francia's ',judi?2' :ile x 0 to ,il ,francia's c>e t ,raphael committ$ 8 picture ( ,/ ,cecilia1 :5 x 0 fir/ s5t to ,bologna4 ,^! relations betwe5 ! m5 & _! *>act]s ?r[ discr$it on ! tradition t ,il ,francia di$ f jeal\s grief caus$ by ! sight ( ,raphael's ',/ ,cecilia4' ,z ,il ,francia 0 sev5ty ye>s ( age at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 "o may well attribute x to physical causes4 ,il ,francia _h at lea/ "o son1 & ano!r k9sman1 pa9t]s1 ^: pa9t+s 7 s good z to be occasionally conf\nd$ ) ^? ( ,il ,francia4 ,il ,francia is ?\ght to h unit$1 9 8 works1 a c]ta9 calm s$at5ess & frank s9c]ity to ! dreamy imag9ativ5ess ( "s ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,8 f9e/ works are consid]$ to be ! frescoes f ! life ( ,/ ,cecilia 9 ! *ur* ( ,/ ,cecilia at ,bologna4 ,( a ,madonna & ,*ild1 by ,francia1 at ,bologna1 ,i %all write d[n ano!r ( ,dean ,al=d's descriptions1--_m ( :i* ,i h giv5 = ?is1 among o!r reasons1 t ^! descriptions are n te*nical or pr(essional1 b ! expression ( ! ard5t admiration & grateful compreh5sion ( a sympa!tic spectator4 ',he1' speak+ ( ! ,div9e ,*ild1 'is ly+ 9 simple nak$ness on a ri* r$ c>pet1 & is support$ by a :ite pill>1 ov] :i* ! c>pet passes4 ,( ^! accessories e ?read is mo/ delicately & c>efully pa9t$2 no slov5ly wa%es ( m]etrici\s col\r :]e ,he is to be s]v$1 be=e :om all ?+s are op52 no p]functory sp>+ ( toil 9 s]v+ ,him :o has giv5 u all t is be/4 ,on 8 "r h& kneels ! ,virg9 ,"m 9 adoration1 h] v face a magnificat--praise1 l[l9ess1 confid5ce2 next to h]1 ,joseph1 tell+ by 8 looks ! wond]ful /ory1 deeply b simply4 ,two beautiful angels kneel1 "o on ei!r side--h]eaft]1 p]haps1 to kneel 9 l mann] 9 ! tomb4 ,_! faces seem$ to me notable = t :i* ,i h no d\bt ! pa9t] int5d$ to express1--! pure ab/raction ( rev]5t adoration1 unm+l$ ) human sympa?ies4 ,! face & figure ( ! ,div9e ,infant are full ( maje/y1 z he holds 8 h&s 9 bless+ t[>ds ! spectator1 :o symbolizes ! _w :i* ,he has come to save4 ,close to him on ! gr\nd1 on 8 "r bran* 9 tru/ful repose2 on 8 left spr+s a plant ( ! mead[-trefoil4 ,?us lightly & rev]5tly has ! ma/] t\*$ ! my/]y ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity3 ! goldf9* symboliz+ by its col\rs1 ! trefoil by ! =m ( its leaf4' ,9 our own ,national ,gall]y is a picture by ,il ,francia ( ! en?ron$ ,virg9 & ,*ild & h] "m1 ,/ ,anne1 :o is pres5t+ a pea* to ! infant ,*ri/2 at ! foot ( ! ?rone is ! little ,/ ,john2 to ! "r & left are ,/ ,paul ) ! sword1 ,/ ,seba/ian b\nd to a pill> & pi]c$ ) arr[s1 & ,/ ,lawr5ce ) ! emblematical grid-iron1 etc4 etc4 ,opposite ?is picture hangs1 :at once =m$ "p ( x1 a solemn1 sorr[ful ,pieta1 z ! ,italians call a picture repres5t+ ! dead ,r$eem] m\rn$ ov] by ! ,virg9 & by ! o!r holy wom54 ,^! pictures 7 b\ght by our ,gov]nm5t f ! ,duke ( ,lucca = ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ p\nds4 ,fra ,b>tolommeo4 ,we come to a second g5tle monk1 n unlike ,fra ,angelico 9 8 nature1 b f> less happy ?an ,fra ,angelico1 9 hav+ be5 born 9 /ormy times4 ,fra ,b>tolommeo1 call$ also ,baccio della ,porta1 or ,b>?olomew ( ! gate1 f ! situation ( 8 lodg+s :5 a "y man1 b sc>cely kn[n 9 ,italy by any o!r "n ?an t ( ,il ,frate1 or ! ,fri>1 0 born ne> ,flor5ce1 & tra9$ f 8 boyhood to be a pa9t]4 ,9 8 y\?1 h[ev]1 a t]rible public ev5t convuls$ ,flor5ce1 & revolutioniz$ ,baccio della ,porta's life4 ,he _h be5 employ$ to pa9t 9 t notable ,dom9ican conv5t ( ,/ ,m>k1 :]e ,savon>ola1 its devot$ fri>1 0 d5\nc+ ! s9s ( ! times1 includ+ ! pr(ligate luxury ( ! nobles & ! degradation ( ! repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*4 ,c>ri$ away by ! f]v\r & s9c]ity ( ! speak]1 ,baccio jo9$ ! en?usia/s :o ca/ into a burn+ pile ! in/rum5ts ( pride1 vanity1 & godless intellect d5\nc$ by ! prea*]4 ,baccio's sacrifice to ! flam+ heap ( spl5did furniture & dress1 & worldly books1 0 all 8 designs f pr(ane subjects & /udies ( ! undrap$ figure4 ,a little lat] ,savon>ola 0 excommunicat$ by ! ,pope & p]i%$ z a m>tyr2 & ,baccio1 timid f 8 natural temp]1 di/ract$ by d\bt1 & altoge!r horror-/rick51 took a monk's v[s1 & ent]$ ! same conv5t ( ,/ ,m>k1 :]e = f\r ye>s he nev] t\*$ a p5cil4 ,at ! reque/ ( 8 sup]ior ,fra ,b>tolommeo pa9t$ aga91 & :5 ,raphael visit$ ,flor5ce1 & came ) all 8 conqu]+ sweetness & graci\sness to greet ! monk 9 8 cell1 some?+ ( ,il ,frate's old love = 8 art1 & delight 9 its ex]cise1 return$4 ,he ev5 visit$ ,rome1 b !re 8 heal? fail$ him1 & ! great works ( ,lion>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,raphael1 :5 he comp>$ 8 own ) !irs1 seem$ to cru% & ov]:elm him4 ,b he pa9t$ bett] = 8 visit to ,rome1 ev5 z he _h pa9t$ bett] = 8 intimacy ) ,raphael4 ,nay1 x is said ,raphael himself pa9t$ bett] on acc\nt ( 8 bro!rly reg>d =1 & confid5ce 91 ,fra ,b>tolommeo4 ,fra ,b>tolommeo di$ ag$ =ty-eight ye>s4 ,among 8 be/ pupils 0 a nun ( ,/ ,ca!r9e's1 kn[n z ,suor ,plautilla4 ,to ,il ,frate1 z a pa9t]1 is attribut$ great s(tness & h>mony1 & ev5 maje/y1 ?\gh1 l ,fra ,angelico1 he 0 (t5 defici5t 9 /r5g?4 ,he 0 great 9 ! managem5t ( drap]ies1 = ! bett] /udy ( :i* he is said to h inv5t$ ! lay figure4 ,he indulg$ 9 ! introduction into 8 pictures ( ri* ar*itecture4 ,he 0 fond ( pa9t+ boy-angels--9 :i* he excell$--play+ frequ5tly on musical in/rum5ts1 or hold+ a canopy ov] ! ,virg94 ,v few ( 8 works are out ( ,italy2 ! mo/ are 9 ,flor5ce1 especially 9 ! ,pitti ,palace4 ,8 two greate/ works are ! ,madonna della ,mis]icordia1 or ! ,madonna ( ,m]cy1 at ,lucca1 :]e ! ,virg9 /&s ) out/ret*$ arms plead+ = ! suppliants1 :om %e %elt]s "u ! canopy1 & :o look to h] z %e looks to h] ,son1--& ! gr& s+le figure ( ,/ ,m>k1 ) 8 ,gospel 9 8 h&1 9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 ,flor5ce4 ,sir ,david ,wilkie said ( ! ,madonna ( ,m]cy1 't x conta9$ ! m]its ( ,raphael1 ( ,titian1 ( ,rembr&t1 & ( ,rub5s4' ,&rea ,vanuc*i1 commonly call$ ,&rea del ,s>to1 f ! occupation ( 8 fa!r1 :o 0 a tailor 79 ,italian1 s>to71 0 born at ,flor5ce 9 #adhh4 ,he 0 fir/ a goldsmi?1 b soon turn$ pa9t]1 w9n+ e>ly ! comm5datory title ( ',&rea s5za errori1' or ',&rea ! ,faultless4' ,8 life is a mis]able & tragic hi/ory4 ,9 ! e>ly flu% ( 8 g5ius & indu/ry1 ) its j cr[n ( fame & success1 he conceiv$ a passion = a beautiful b wor?less woman1 :om1 9 spite ( ! opposition ( 8 fri5ds1 he m>ri$4 ,%e r5d]$ 8 home degrad$ & wret*$1 & 8 fri5ds & s*ol>s fell (f f him4 ,9 disgu/ he quitt$ ,flor5ce1 & ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,francis ,i1 ( ,france2 b 8 wife1 = :om 8 reg>d 0 a desp]ate infatuation1 imp]i\sly summon$ him back to ,flor5ce1 to :i* he return$1 br++ ) him a l>ge sum ( money1 entru/$ to him by ! k+ = ! pur*ase ( works ( art4 ,in/igat$ by 8 wife1 ,&rea del ,s>to us$ ?is money = 81 or r h]1 purposes1 & d>$ n return to ,france4 ,ev5 9 8 native ,flor5ce he 0 load$ ) reproa* & %ame4 ,he di$ ( ! plague at ! age ( fifty-five ye>s1 accord+ to tradition1 plund]$ & ab&on$ 9 8 extremity by ! base woman = :om he _h sacrific$ pr9ciple & hon\r4 ,we may read ! griev\s /ory ( ,&rea del ,s>to1 writt5 by "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engl&'s mod]n poets4 ,z may be imag9$1 ,&rea del ,s>to's excell5ce lay 9 ! *>m ( 8 execution4 ,8 works 7 defici5t 9 e>ne/ness & high feel+1 & "s w h x1 t1 evilly haunt$ z he 01 he p]petually pa9t$ 9 8 ,madonnas ! beautiful b base-s\l$ face ( ! woman :o ru9$ him4 ,&rea del ,s>to's be/ works are 9 ,flor5ce1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! conv5t ( ! ,annunziata4 ,9 ! c\rt ( ! same conv5t is 8 fam\s ,riposo 7or re/ ( ! ,holy ,family on _! way to ,egypt71 :i* is kn[n z ! ',madonna ( ! ,sack1' f ! circum/ance ( ,joseph 9 ! picture lean+ aga9/ a sack4 ,?is picture has held a high place 9 art = hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,lion>do ,,da ,,v9ci1 #adeb-aeai--,,mi*ael ,,angelo1 #adge-aefd--,,raphael1 #adhc-aebj--,,titian1 #adgg-aeff4 ,we h arriv$ at ! triumph ( art1 n1 inde$1 9 unconsci\sness & devotion1 b 9 fulness & complet5ess1 z %[n 9 ! works ( f\r ( ! greate/ pa9t]s & m5 :om ! _w ev] saw4 ,( ! fir/1 ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 born at ,v9ci 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,flor5ce1 #adeb1 x may be said t ! _m-sid$ness :i* *>act]iz$ ,italians--above all ,italians ( 8 day--rea*$ its height 9 him4 ,n only 0 he a pa9t]1 a sculptor1 an ar*itect1 & eng9e]1 b also "o ( ! bolde/ speculators ( ! g5]ation :i* gave bir? to ,columbus1 & 0 n less orig9al & +5i\s ?an he 0 univ]sally accompli%$--an ,admirable ,cri*ton among pa9t]s4 ,!re is a !ory t ?is _m-sid$ness is a pro( ( ! greate/ m51 indicat+ a man :o might h be5 great 9 any way1 :o1 _h 8 de/9y n f\nd & left him a pa9t]1 w\ld h be5 equally great z a philosoph]1 a man ( sci5ce1 a poet1 or a /atesman4 ,x may be s2 b ! life ( ,lion>do t5ds also to illu/rate ! disadvantage ( too wide a grasp & diffusion ( g5ius4 ,beg9n+ mu* & f9i%+ little1 n because he 0 idle or fickle1 b because 8 s*emes 7 s colossal & 8 aims s high1 he sp5t 8 "t 9 prep>ation = ! atta9m5t ( p]fect excell5ce1 :i* elud$ him4 ,lion>do 0 ! pione]1 ! tea*] ( o!rs1 r ?an ! complete fulfill] ( 8 own dreams2 & ! life ( ! pr\d1 passionate man 01 to him self mortification4 ,?is result might1 9 a s5se1 h be5 avoid$2 b ,lion>do1 great z he 01 prov$ also "o ( ^? un=tunate m5 ^: noble/ ef=ts are met & m>r$ by calamities :i* c\ld h h>dly be5 =ese5 or prev5t$4 ,lion>do da ,v9ci 0 ! son ( a not>y1 & e>ly %[$ a ta/e = pa9t+ z well z = ari?metic & ma!matics4 ,he 0 appr5tic$ to a pa9t]1 b he also s$ul\sly /udi$ physics4 ,he is said1 inde$1 to h made m>vell\s guesses at tru?1 9 *emi/ry1 botany1 a/ronomy1 & p>ticul>ly1 z help+ him 9 8 art1 anatomy4 ,he 01 accord+ to o!r acc\nts1 a man ( noble p]son1 l ,ghirl&ajo4 ,& "o c sc>cely d\bt ?is :o looks at ,lion>do's portrait pa9t$ by himself1 or at any engrav+ f x1 & rem>ks ! gr& pres5ce ( ! man 9 8 cap & furr$ cloak2 8 pi]c+ wi/ful eyes2 /ately outl9e ( nose2 & s5sitive m\?1 un%ad$ by 8 magnific5t fl[+ be>d4 ,he 0 end[$ ) surpris+ bodily /r5g?1 & 0 skill$ 9 ! knightly ex]cises ( rid+1 f5c+1 & danc+4 ,he 0 a lov] ( social pleasure1 & incl9$ to indulge 9 exp5sive habits4 ,:ile a lad he amus$ himself by inv5t+ ma*9es = swimm+1 div+1 & fly+1 z well z a compass1 a hygromet]1 etc4 etc4 ,9 a comb9ation f ! attributes ( ! toads1 liz>ds1 bats1 etc4 etc41 ) :i* 8 /udies 9 natural hi/ory _h made him famili>1 he pa9t$ a nondescript mon/]1 :i* he %[$ sudd5ly to 8 fa!r1 :om x fill$ ) horror4 ,b ! horror did n prev5t ! old lawy] sell+ ! wild phantasmagoria = a l>ge sum ( money4 ,z some?+ beyond amusem5t1 ,lion>do plann$ a canal to unite ,flor5ce ) ,pisa 7:ile he execut$ o!r canals 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life71 & sugge/$ ! d>+ b n impossible idea ( rais+ en masse1 by means ( lev]s1 ! old *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni1 ,flor5ce1 till x %\ld /& sev]al feet above its orig9al level1 & s get rid ( ! half-sunk5 appe>ance :i* de/roy$ ! effect ( ! f9e old build+4 ,he visit$ ! mo/ frequ5t$ places1 c>ry+ always ) him 8 sket*-book1 9 :i* to note d[n 8 obs]vations2 he foll[$ crim9als to execution 9 ord] to witness ! pangs ( despair2 he invit$ peasants to 8 h\se & told !m laughable /ories1 t he might pick up f _! faces ! ess5ce ( comic expression4#d ,a mania = tru?--alike 9 great & little ?+s--possess$ him4 ,lion>do ent]$ "y into ! s]vice ( ! ,gonzaga family ( ,milan1 be+1 accord+ to "o /atem5t1 *os5 = ! (fice :i* he 0 to fill1 z ! fir/ s+] 9 improvisatore ( 8 "t 7among 8 o!r inv5tions he devis$ a peculi> k9d ( lyre74 ,he %[$ no want ( confid5ce 9 ass]t+ 8 claims to be elect$1 = aft] decl>+ ! v>i\s works he w\ld und]take1 he add$ ) reg>d to pa9t+--',i c d :at c be done1 z well z any man1 be he :o he may4' ,he receiv$ f ! ,duke a sal>y ( five hundr$ cr[ns a ye>4 ,he 0 f\rte5 ye>s at ! c\rt ( ,milan1 :]e1 among o!r works1 he pa9t$ 8 ',c5acolo1' or ',la/ ,supp]1' "o ( ! gr&e/ pictures ev] produc$4 ,he pa9t$ x1 contr>y to ! usual practice1 9 oils ^u ! pla/]$ walls ( ! refectory ( ! ,dom9ican conv5t1 ,milan4 ,! situation 0 damp1 & ! mat]ial us$ prov$ s unsuitable = "w on pla/]1 t1 ev5 be=e x 0 expos$ to ! rev]ses :i* 9 ! c\rse ( a ,fr5* occupation ( ,milan conv]t$ ! refectory into a /able1 ! col\rs _h altoge!r fad$1 & ! v sub/ance ( ! picture 0 crumbl+ into ru94 ,! eque/rian /atue ( ! old ,duke ( ,milan by ,lion>do excit$ s mu* delight 9 its fir/ fre%ness1 t x 0 c>ri$ 9 triumph ?r\gh ! city1 & dur+ ! progress x 0 accid5tally brok54 ,lion>do began ano!r1 b funds fail$ = its completion1 & aft]w>ds ! ,fr5* us$ ! orig9al clay model z a t>get = _! b[m54 ,lion>do return$ to ,flor5ce1 & f\nd 8 great rival1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 already 9 ! field4 ,bo? ( ! m51 consci\s ( mighty gifts1 7 intol]ant ( rivalry4 ,to ,lion>do especially1 z be+ mu* ! eld] man1 ! orig9ator & promot] ( _m ( ! new views 9 art :i* 8 oppon5t _h adopt$1 ! competition 0 v di/a/eful1 & to ,mi*ael ,angelo he us$ ! bitt] s>casm :i* has be5 h&$ d[n to u1 ',i 0 fam\s be=e y 7 born4' ,nev]!less ,lion>do cons5t$ to compete ) ,mi*ael ,angelo = ! pa9t+ 9 fresco ( "o side ( ! c\ncil-hall1 by ! ord] ( ! gonfaloni]e = ! ye>4 ,lion>do *ose = 8 subject a victory ( ! ,flor5t9es ov] ! ,milanese1 :ile ,mi*ael ,angelo took a sc5e f ! ,pisan campaigns4 ,n only 0 ! "w nev] done 7"s say p>tly because ,lion>do w\ld delay 9 ord] to make exp]im5ts 9 oils7 on acc\nt ( political tr\bles1 b ! v c>toons ( ! two ma/]s1 :i* all ! arti/s ( ! day flock$ to see1 h be5 brok5 up1 disp]s$1 & lo/2 & ( "o only1 t ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 a small copy rema9s1 :ile b a fragm5t f ,lion>do's 0 pres]v$ 9 a copy made by ,rub5s4 ,lion>do w5t to ,rome 9 ! pontificate ( ,leo ,x41 b !re 8 qu>rel ) ,mi*ael ,angelo broke out m viol5tly ?an ev]4 ,! ,pope too1 :o lov$ bett] a g5tl]1 m accommodat+ _s1 seem$ to slight ,lion>do1 & ! great pa9t] n only quitt$ ,rome 9 disgu/1 b )drew 8 s]vices altoge!r f ungrateful ,italy4 ,at ,pavia ,lion>do 0 pres5t$ to ,francis ,i1 ( ,france1 :o1 zeal\s 9 patroniz+ art1 engag$ ! pa9t] to foll[ ,francis's =tunes at a sal>y ( sev5 hundr$ cr[ns a ye>4 ,lion>do sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life 9 ,france4 ,8 heal? _h long be5 decl9+ be=e he di$1 ag$ sixty-sev5 ye>s1 at ,cl\x1 ne> ,amboise4 ,he _h ris5 high 9 ! fav\r ( ,francis4 ,f ?is circum/ance1 & ! g5]\s1 *ivalr\s nature ( ! k+1 !re d\btless arose ! tradition t ,francis visit$ ,lion>do on 8 dea?-b$2 & t1 :ile 9 ! act ( g5tly assi/+ him to raise himself1 ! pa9t] di$ 9 ! k+'s arms4 ,c\rt *ronicles d _! be/ to demoli% ?is /ory1 by prov+ ,francis to h be5 at ,/ ,g]ma9 on ! day :5 ,lion>do di$ at ,cl\x4 ,lion>do 0 nev] m>ri$1 & he left :at worldly goods he possess$ to a fav\rite s*ol>4 ,besides 8 great] works1 he fill$ _m ,,ms4 volumes1 "s ) s+ul>ly accurate /udies & sket*es1 maps1 plans = ma*9es1 scores = music 7?ree volumes ( ^! are 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,w9dsor71 & "s ) writ+1 :i* is writt5--probably to s]ve z a sort ( ciph]--f "r to left1 in/ead ( f left to "r4 ,"o ( 8 writ+s is a valuable ',treatise' on pa9t+2 o!r writ+s are on sci5tific & philosophic subjects1 & 9 ^! ,lion>do is believ$ to h anticipat$ "s ( ! discov]ies :i* 7 rea*$ by l9es ( close reason+ c5turies lat]4 ,lion>do's g5ius z a pa9t] 0 express$ by 8 unit+1 9 ! v highe/ degree1 tru? & imag9ation4 ,he 0 ! %rewde/ obs]v] ( ord9>y life1 & he c\ld also realize ! high] my/]ies & pr(\nd] feel+s ( human nature4 ,he drew exce$+ly well4 ,( transp>5t lights & %ad[s1 or *i>oscuro1 he 0 ! greate/ ma/]2 b he 0 n a good col\ri/4 ,8 works are v r>e1 & _m :i* are attribut$ to him are ! pictures ( 8 s*ol>s1 = he f\nd$ "o ( ! great s*ools ( ,milan or ,lomb>dy4 ,!re is a tradition t he 01 z ,holbe9 0 once believ$ to be1 ambidextr\s1 or capable ( us+ 8 left h& z well z 8 "r1 & t he pa9t$ ) two bru%es--"o 9 ea* h&4 ,?us m ?an fully arm$1 ,lion>do da ,v9ci looms out on u l a ,titan ?r\gh ! mi/s ( c5turies1 & he prea*es to u ! simple homily1 t n ev5 a ,titan c comm& worldly success2 t su* m5 mu/ look to ends z ! rew>d ( _! travail1 & be=e und]tak+ x !y mu/ c\nt ! co/1 & be prep>$ to r5\nce ! luxuri\s ta/es :i* clung to ,lion>do1 & :i* 7 n = him or = su* m5 z he 04 ,lion>do's great pa9t+ 0 8 ',la/ ,supp]1' ( :i*1 happily1 good copies exi/1 z well z ! wreck ( ! picture itself4 ,! orig9al is n[1 aft] x is too late1 c>efully gu>d$ & protect$ 9 its old place 9 ! ,dom9ican conv5t ( ! ,madonna della ,grazia1 ,milan4 ,! assembl$ company sit at a long table1 ,*ri/ be+ seat$ 9 ! middle1 ! disciples =m+ two sep>ate gr\ps on ea* side ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! gradations ( age are pres]v$1 f ! t5d] y\? ( ,john to ! grey hairs ( ,simon2 & all ! v>i$ emotions ( m9d1 f ! deepe/ sorr[ & anxiety to ! eag] desire ( rev5ge1 are "h portray$4 ,! well-kn[n words ( ,*ri/1 ',"o ( y %all betray me1' h caus$ ! livelie/ emotion4 ,! two gr\ps to ! left ( ,*ri/ are full ( impassion$ excitem5t1 ! figures 9 ! fir/ turn+ to ! ,savi\r1 ^? 9 ! second speak+ to ea* o!r1--horror1 a/oni%m5t1 suspicion1 d\bt1 alt]nat+ 9 ! v>i\s expressions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 /illness1 l[ :isp]s1 indirect obs]vations1 are ! prevail+ expressions 9 ! gr\ps on ! "r4 ,9 ! middle ( ! fir/ gr\p sits ! betray]2 a cunn+1 %>p pr(ile1 he looks up ha/ily to ,*ri/1 z if speak+ ! words1 ',ma/]1 is x ,i8' :ile1 true to ! ,scriptural acc\nt1 8 left h& & ,*ri/'s "r h& approa*1 z if unconsci\sly1 ! di% t /&s be=e !m4#e ,a sket* ( ! head ( ,*ri/ = ! orig9al picture1 :i* has be5 pres]v$ on a torn & soil$ piece ( pap] at ,br]a1 expresses ! mo/ elevat$ s]i\sness1 toge!r ) ,div9e g5tl5ess pa9 on acc\nt ( ! fai?less disciple1 a full pres5tim5t ( 8 own dea?1 & resignation to ! w ( ! ,fa!r4 ,x gives a fa9t idea ( :at ! ma/] may h accompli%$ 9 ! f9i%$ picture4 ,dur+ 8 /ay at ,flor5ce ,lion>do pa9t$ a portrait ( t ,g9evra ,b5ci already m5tion$ z pa9t$ by ,ghirl&ajo2 & a /ill m fam\s portrait by ,lion>do 0 t ( ,mona ,lisa1 ! wife ( 8 fri5d ,giocondo4 ,?is picture is also kn[n z ',la ,jaconde4' ,i wi% to call att5tion to x because x is ! fir/ ( f\r surpass+ly beautiful portraits ( wom5 :i* f\r great pa9t]s gave 9 succession to ! _w4 ,! o!rs1 to be spok5 ( aft]w>ds1 are ,raphael's ',=n>9a1' ,titian's ',bella ,donna1' & ,rub5s' ',/raw ,hat4' ,ab\t ! orig9al ( ',la ,jaconde' !re nev] has be5 a my/]y su* z !re has be5 ab\t ! o!rs4 ,at ?is portrait ! unsatisfi$ pa9t] work$ at int]vals = f\r ye>s1 & :5 he left x he pron\nc$ x /ill unf9i%$4 ',la ,jaconde' is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 9 ne>ly ru9$ condition1 yet a judge says ( x t ev5 n[ '!re is some?+ 9 ?is wond]ful head ( ! ripe/ s\!rn beauty1 ) its airy backgr\nd ( a rocky l&scape1 :i* ex]cises a peculi> fasc9ation ov] ! m9d4' ,!re is a pa9t+ ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild ,*ri/ said to be by ,lion>do1 & probably1 at lea/1 by "o ( 8 s*ool1 & :i* belongs1 ,i ?9k1 to ! ,duke ( ,buccleu*1 & 0 exhibit$ lately among ! works ( ! old ma/]s4 ,! gr\p has at once some?+ t\*+ & exalt$ 9 its treatm5t4 ,! ,div9e ,*ild 9 ! ,"m's arms is /rangely attract$ by ! sight ( a cross1 & turns t[>ds x ) ineffable long+1 :ile ! ,virg9 ,"m1 ) a pang ( =ebod+1 clasp+ ! *ild 9 h] arms1 seeks to draw him back4 ,! fragm5t ( ! c>toon 9 :i* ,lion>do compet$ ) ,mi*ael ,angelo1 may be held to survive 9 ! f9e pa9t+ by ,rub5s call$ '! ,battle ( ! ,/&>d4' ,( a fam\s ,madonna & ,/ ,anne1 by ,lion>do1 ! orig9al c>toon 9 black *alk is pres]v$ "u glass 9 our ,royal ,academy4#f ,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>roti1 born at ,ca/el ,caprese ne> ,tuscany1 #adge1 is ! next ( ^! univ]sal g5iuses1 a t]m :i* we are accu/om$ to hold 9 contempt1 because we h only se5 x exemplifi$ 9 p>ody4 ,aft] ,lion>do1 inde$1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ?\gh he 0 also pa9t]1 sculptor1 ar*itect1 eng9e]1 poet1 musician1 might almo/ be reg>d$ z re/rict$ 9 8 pursuits1 yet /ill s manifold 0 he1 t m5 h lov$ to make a play ^u 8 "n & call him ',mi*ael ! angel1' & to speak ( him z ( a k+ among m54 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 ( noble desc5t1 & ?\gh 8 anci5t h\se _h fall5 into comp>ative pov]ty1 8 fa!r 0 mayor or pode/a ( ,*iusi1 & gov]nor ( ! ca/le ( ,*iusi & ,caprese4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 de/9$ = ! pr(ession ( ! law1 b s e>ly v9dicat$ 8 ta/e = art1 t at ! age ( ?irte5 ye>s he 0 appr5tic$ to ,ghirl&ajo4 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t 0 !n rul+ ,flor5ce1 & he _h made a collection ( antique models 9 8 palace & g>d5s1 & con/itut$ x an academy = "y arti/s4 ,9 ?is academy ,mi*ael ,angelo develop$ a /rong bias = sculpture1 & won ! direct patronage ( ! ,m$ici4 ,to ?is p]iod ( 8 life belong two *>act]i/ic anecdotes4 ,9 a /ruggle ) a fell[-/ud5t1 ,mi*ael ,angelo receiv$ a bl[ f a mallet 9 8 face1 :i*1 break+ bone & c>tilage1 l5t to 8 nose ! rugg$ b5d1 ',! b> ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4' ,an ill-advis$ memb] ( ! ,m$ician h\se1 :ile ent]ta9+ a p>ty ( gue/s dur+ a sn[/orm1 s5t out ! indignant arti/ to make a sn[ man )9 sight ( ! palace w9d[s4 ,^! anecdotes be> indirectly on ! rul+ qualities ( ,mi*ael ,angelo--qualities s integral t !y are wr\ght into 8 m>ble & pa9t$ on 8 canvas--pr\d indep5d5ce & en]gy4 ,be=e go+ f>!r ,i wi% to gu>d aga9/ a common misappreh5sion ( ,mi*ael ,angelo--t he 0 a haughty1 arrogant man1 absolutely n>r[ 9 8 half-idolatr\s1 half-human wor%ip ( art4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 sev]e 9 place ( be+ sweet2 he 0 impati5t ( contradiction2 he 0 c>eless & scornful ( c]emony2 & 9 8 v wra? at flatt]y & hypocrisy1 he 0 liable to s9 aga9/ 8 own hone/y & s9c]ity4 ,b he 0 a man ) a l(ty s5se ( duty & a pr(\nd rev]5ce = ,god4 ,he 01 unlike ,lion>do1 consi/5tly simple1 frugal1 & temp]ate1 ?r\gh\t 8 long life4 ,if he held up a high /&>d to o!rs1 & en=c$ x on !m ) h>dness1 he held up a high] /&>d to himself1 & en=c$ x on himself m h>dly /ill4 ,he 0 a ?or\ghly unworldly man1 & actions :i* _h _! root 9 unworldl9ess h be5 ascrib$ unju/ly to a k9d ( ,lucif] pride4 ,gre$1 & ! meanness ( gre$1 7 unkn[n to him4 ,he work$ = ! la/ t5 ye>s ( 8 life 7"u no less ?an five diff]5t ,popes7 at 8 designs = ,/ ,pet]'s1 /eadfa/ly refus+ pay = ! "w1 say+ t he did x = ! hon\r ( ,god & 8 own hon\r4 ,he made _m enemies & suff]$ f _! enmity1 b ,i _c le>n t1 except 9 "o in/ance1 he 0 guilty ( deal+ an unwor?y bl[ at 8 oppon5ts4 ,he 0 g5]\s to 8 s*ol>s1 & )\t jeal\sy ( !m1 suff]+ !m to use 8 designs = _! own purposes4 ,he said1 ',i h no fri5ds1 ,i ne$ none1 ,i wi% = none2' b t 0 9 feel+ himself 'alone be=e ,heav52' & ( ! fri5ds :om he did possess1 he lov$ !m all ! m devot$ly & fai?fully1 because !y 7 few 9 numb]4 ,"o ne$ only be told ( 8 love = 8 old s]vant ,urb9o1 :om he pres5t$ ) two ?\s& cr[ns to r5d] him indep5d5t ( s]vice2 & :5 ! s]vant 0 seiz$ ) 8 la/ illness ,mi*ael ,angelo nurs$ him t5d]ly1 sleep+ 9 8 clo!s on a c\* t he might be ready to att5d 8 pati5t4 ,:5 8 c>es 7 end$1 ,mi*ael ,angelo wrote to a correspond5t--',my ,urb9o is dead--to my inf9ite grief & sorr[4 ,liv+1 he s]v$ me truly2 & 9 8 dea? he taught me h[ to die4 ,( ,mi*ael ,angelo's m equal fri5d%ip ) ,vittoria ,colonna ,i hope my read]s w read at leisure = !mselves4 ,no nobl]1 tru] fri5d%ip ev] exi/$4 ,x began :5 ! high-born & beautiful1 gift$1 & dev\t ,m>*esa de ,pesc>a--mo/ loyal ( wives & wid[s1 0 =ty-eight1 & ,mi*ael ,angelo sixty-f\r ye>s ( age4 ,aft] a few ye>s ( privileg$ int]c\rse & correspond5ce1 :i* 7 ! happie/ ye>s 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo's life1 x end$ = ?is _w :5 he /ood m\rn+ by h] lifeless clay4 ',i 0 born a r\gh model1 & x 0 = !e to re=m & re-make me1' ! great pa9t] _h writt5 humbly ( himself to 8 liege lady4#g ,italy1 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo's "t1 z ,g]many 9 ,alb]t ,du]]'s1 0 all quick5$ & a/ir ) ! new wave ( religi\s ?\ght :i* br\ght ab\t ! ,re=mation4 ,o*9o & ,pet] ,m>tyr1 tread+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,savon>ola1 _h prea*$ to eag] li/5]s1 b '9 ,italy m5 did n adopt ,lu!ranism1 ?\gh !y approa*$ x2' & 9 all ! cr[d ( great ,italian arti/s ( ! day1 ,mi*ael ,angelo %[s deepe/ traces ( ! conflict--( its tr\ble1 its s]i\sness1 its nobl5ess4 ,he only1 among 8 bre?r51 act$ out 8 belief t ! ?+s ( ! _w sank into insignificance be=e ^? ?\ghts ( ,god & immortality :i* 7 alone fully wor?y ( ! s\l4 ,& x 01 z to a religi\s "w = :i* he 0 fitt$1 t he at la/ gave himself up to ! rais+ ( ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,we %all h next 9 ord] ! life ( a man :o _h all ! w9n+ qualities :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo want$1 b we %all h>dly1 ?r\gh ! :ole range ( hi/ory1 f9d a nobl] man ?an ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,aft] 8 fir/ visit to ,rome1 #adif1 ,mi*ael ,angelo execut$ 8 colossal /atue ( ,david4 ,9 #aejc he ent]$ into ! competition ) ,lion>do = ! pa9t+ ( "o end ( ! ,c\ncil-hall1 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* has be5 already m5tion$4 ,= ?is object he drew z 8 c>toon1 ',pisan soldi]s surpris$ :ile ba?+ by a sudd5 trumpet call to arms4' ,! gr& c>toon1 ( :i* only a small copy exi/s1 0 said to h be5 torn to pieces z an act ( rev5ge by a fell[-sculptor1 :om ,mi*ael ,angelo _h (f5d$4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 invit$ to ,rome by ,julius ,,ii4 9 #aejd to aid 9 erect+ ! unapproa*able monum5t :i* ! ,pope project$ rais+ = himself4 ,!n comm5c$ a s]ies ( cont5tions & /ruggles betwe5 ! imp]i\s & petulant ,pope & ! haughty1 uncompromis+ pa9t]1 9 :i* ! latt] c]ta9ly _h ! be/ ( x4 ,at "o "t 9 ! c\rse ( ! qu>rel1 ,mi*ael ,angelo dep>t$ f ,rome )\t p]mission or apology1 & /\tly refus$ to return1 ?\gh foll[$ hotly by no less ?an five diff]5t c\ri]s1 arm$ ) ?reats & promises1 & urg$ to make ! rep>ation by 8 own gonfaloni]e4 ,at la/ a meet+ & a reconciliation betwe5 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ! ,pope 7 effect$ at ,bologna4 ,mi*ael ,angelo design$ = ,pope ,julius ,,ii1 n only ! /atue ( ,pope ,julius at ,bologna1 :i* 0 f9ally conv]t$ into a cannon1 & turn$ aga9/ ! v man ^: effigy x _h orig9ally pres5t$1 b also = t tomb :i* 0 nev] complet$1 ! fam\s figure ( ,moses seat$1 grasp+ 8 be>d ) "o h&4 ,:ile employ$ at ! tomb1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 !n 9 8 =tie? ye>1 0 desir$ by ! ,pope to und]take ! decoration ( ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,"h1 aga91 ! h& ( an enemy is said to h be5 at "w4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ) ! fir/ place z a sculptor1 0 inexp]i5c$ 9 fresco pa9t+2 :ile ,raphael1 :o 0 tak+ ! place ( ,lion>do z ,mi*ael ,angelo's mo/ =midable rival 7yet :om x is said ,mi*ael ,angelo po9t$ out z ! fitte/ pa9t] ( ! ceil+71 & :o 0 !n engag$ 9 pa9t+ ! ,vatican *amb]s1 _h already a*iev$ ! utmo/ r5[n4 ,x 0 anticipat$ by secret ho/ility1 s records tradition1 t ,mi*ael ,angelo w\ld fail signally 9 ! unaccu/om$ "w1 & t 8 m]it z an arti/ w\ld pale altoge!r be=e t ( ,raphael's4 ,i ne$ h>dly write h[ entirely malice 0 balk$ 9 ! v]dict to :i* po/]ity has set its seal4 ,mi*ael ,angelo br\ght arti/s f ,flor5ce to help him 9 8 great und]tak+1 = ov] ! *apel1 ^: walls _h already be5 pa9t$ by old] arti/s--among !m ,ghirl&ajo1 0 an enorm\s vault ( #aej feet 9 l5g? by #ej 9 bread?1 :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 requir$ to cov] ) designs repres5t+ ! ,fall & ,r$emption ( ,man4 ,b ! pa9t] 0 unable to be> :at seem$ to him ! bungl+ attempts ( 8 assi/ants2 s dismiss+ !m all & de/roy+ _! "w1 he %ut himself up1 & work+ 9 solitude & secrecy1 set himself to evolve f 8 own inn] consci\sness ! gigantic sc5es ( a trem5d\s drama4 ,9 #bb mon?s 7or1 z ,kugl] holds1 9 ?ree ye>s1 includ+ ! "t sp5t on ! designs7 he f9i%$ glori\sly ! "w1 ! magnitude ( :i* "o mu/ see to compreh5d4 ,on ,all ,sa9ts' ,day1 #aeab1 ! ceil+ 0 uncov]$1 & ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 hail$1 little ?\gh he c>$ = su* clamor\s hail+1 z a pa9t] inde$4 ,= ?is piece ( "w ,mi*ael ,angelo receiv$ #cjjj cr[ns4 ,pope ,julius di$1 & 0 succe$$ by ,leo ,x4 ( ! ,m$ician h\se1 b1 9 spite ( e>ly associations z well z ( "m c\ntry1 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 no m acceptable to ! ,pope--a brilliantly poli%$1 easy-temp]$ man ( ! _w1 :o fill$ ! *air ( ,/ ,pet]'s1 ?an ,lion>do _h be54 ,leo ,x1 greatly pref]r$ ,raphael1 to :om all mann] ( pleasantness z well z ( c\rte\s def]5ce 0 natural1 to ! two o!rs4 ,at ! same "t1 ,leo employ$ ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ?\gh x 0 m z an ar*itect ?an z a pa9t]1 & r at ,flor5ce ?an at ,rome4 ,at ,flor5ce ,mi*ael ,angelo execut$ = ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 ano!r ,m$ici1 ! mortu>y *apel ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ) its six great /atues1 ^? ( ! c\s9s ,lor5zo de ,m$ici & ,giuliano de ,m$ici1 ! fir/ call$ by ! ,flor5t9es ',il ,p5si]o1' or ',p5sive ,?\ght1' ) ! f\r colossal recumb5t figures nam$ respectively ! ,night1 ! ,morn+1 ! ,dawn1 & ! ,twilight4 ,9 #aecg ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 employ$ by 8 fell[ citiz5s to =tify 8 native city aga9/ ! return ( 8 old patrons ! ,m$ici1 & ! city held out = n9e mon?s4 ,pope ,paul ,,iii41 an old man :5 elect$ to ! pop$om1 b b5t on signaliz+ 8 pontificate ) z spl5did works ( art z ^? :i* _h r5d]$ ! reigns ( 8 pr$ecessors illu/ri\s1 summon$ ano!r man1 gr[n eld]ly1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 upw>ds ( sixty ye>s1 reluctant to accept ! commission1 to f9i% ! decoration ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel2 & ,mi*ael ,angelo pa9t$ on ! wall1 at ! upp] end1 8 pa9t+1 ',! ,la/ ,judgm5t4' ,! picture is =ty-sev5 feet high by =ty-?ree wide1 & x occupi$ ! pa9t] eight ye>s4 ,x 0 dur+ its progress t ,mi*ael ,angelo ent]$ on 8 fri5d%ip ) ,vittoria ,colonna4 ,= ! *apel call$ ! ,paol9a or ,paul9e ,*apel ,mi*ael ,angelo also pa9t$ less-kn[n frescoes1 b f t "t he devot$ 8 life to ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,he _h said t he w\ld take ! old ,pan!on & 'susp5d x 9 air1' & he did :at he said1 ?\gh he did n live to see ! great ca!dral complet$4 ,8 sov]eign1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,flor5ce1 endeav\r$ 9 va9 ) magnific5t (f]s to lure ! pa9t] back to 8 native city4 ,mi*ael ,angelo prote/$ t to leave ,rome !n w\ld be 'a s9 & a %ame1 & ! ru9 ( ! greate/ religi\s monum5t 9 ,*ri/ian ,europe4' ,mi*ael ,angelo1 l ,lion>do1 did n m>ry2 he di$ at ,rome 9 #aefc1 9 8 eighty-n9? ye>4 ,8 nephew & pr9cipal heir1#h by ! ord]s ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,flor5ce1 & x is believ$ accord+ to ,mi*ael ,angelo's own wi%1 remov$ ! pa9t]'s body to ,flor5ce1 :]e x 0 buri$ ) all hon\rs 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce !re4 ,! traits :i* recall ,mi*ael ,angelo p]sonally to u1 are ! prom95t ar* ( ! nose1 ! %aggy br[s1 ! tangl$ be>d1 ! gaunt gr&eur ( a figure l t ( "o ( 8 prophets4 ,:ile ,mi*ael ,angelo liv$1 "o ,pope rose on 8 approa*1 & seat$ ! pa9t] on 8 "r h&1 & ano!r ,pope decl9$ to sit d[n 9 8 pa9t]'s pres5ce2 b ! reason giv5 = ! la/ condesc5sion1 is t ! ,pope fe>$ t ! pa9t] w\ld foll[ 8 example4 ,& if ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosmo uncov]$ be=e ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & /ood hat 9 h& :ile speak+ to him1 we may h ! explanation 9 ano!r ass]tion1 t 'sov]eigns ask$ ,mi*ael ,angelo to put on 8 cap1 because ! pa9t] w\ld d x unask$4' ,! solit>y in/ance 9 :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo is repres5t$ z tak+ an unfair advantage ( an antagoni/1 is 9 connection ) ! pa9t]'s rivalry 9 8 art ) ,raphael4 ,mi*ael ,angelo und]valu$ ! g5ius ( ,raphael1 & 0 disgu/$ by :at ! old] man consid]$ ! immod]ate admiration be/[$ on ! y\ng]4 ,a fav\rite pupil ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's 0 ,seba/ian ,del ,piombo1 :o be+ a ,v5etian by bir? 0 an excell5t col\ri/4 ,= "o ( 8 pictures--! v ',rais+ ( ,laz>us' n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* ! ,pope _h ord]$ at ! same "t t he _h ord]$ ,raphael's ',transfiguration'--x is rum\r$ t ,mi*ael ,angelo gave ! designs & ev5 drew ! figures1 leav+ ,seba/ian ! cr$it1 & tru/+ t )\t ,mi*ael ,angelo's "n appe>+ 9 ! "w1 by ! help ( 8 draw+ 9 addition to ,seba/ian's sup]b col\r+1 ,raphael w\ld be eclips$1 & t by a pa9t] comp>atively obscure4 ,! unw>rantable inf]5ce t ! :ole "w 0 t ( "o pa9t]1 con/itut$ a /ratagem altoge!r unwor?y ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & if x _h any exi/5ce1 its gett+ w9d disappo9t$ & foil$ its au?ors4 ,:5 ! /ory 0 repeat$ to ,raphael1 8 sole prote/ is said to h be5 to ! effect t he 0 glad t ,mi*ael ,angelo e/eem$ him s highly z to ent] ! li/s ) him4 ,we c judge ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's atta9m5ts z a poet1 ev5 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ! orig9al ,italian1 by ,wordswor?'s translations ( "s ( ! ,italian ma/]'s sonnets1 & by ,mr ,john ,edw>d ,taylor's translations ( selections f ,mi*ael ,angelo's poems4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 great] z an ar*itect & a sculptor ?an z a pa9t]1 because 8 p[] & delight lay 9 ! ma/]y ( =m1 & 9 ! ass]tion1 ?r\gh t ma/]y1 ( ! idealism ( g5ius4 ,x is n necess>y to speak "h ( ! mighty h>monies & ! ineffable dignity ( simplicity1 some:at m>r$ by ! dep>ture f ,mi*ael ,angelo's designs1 9 ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,x has be5 ! fa%ion to praise !m to ! skies1 & x has be5 a lat] fa%ion to decry !m1 9 aw>d+ a pref]5ce to ! solemn %ades & ! dim ri* dream9ess ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,bo? fa%ions come to ?is1 aft] all1 t beauty1 l ^! great m5 ( g5ius ( old1 is _m-sid$4 ,9 ,mi*ael ,angelo's works ( sculpture a weird *>m atta*es to 8 monum5ts 9 hon\r ( ! ,m$ici 9 ! *apel ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce4 ,p]haps some?+ ( ?is weirdness has to d ) ! tragic hi/ory ( ! m51 & ) a c]ta9 my/]y :i* has always %r\d$ ! sculptor's mean+ 9 ^! monum5ts4 ,mrs ,jameson quotes an acc\nt ( ,mi*ael ,angelo at "w4 ,an eye-witness has left u a v graphic description ( ! en]gy ) :i*1 ev5 9 old age1 ,mi*ael ,angelo h&l$ 8 *isel3--,i c say t ,i h se5 ,mi*ael ,angelo at ! age ( sixty1 &1 ) a body ann\nc+ weakness1 make m *ips ( m>ble fly ab\t 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r ?an w\ld ?ree ( ! /ronge/ "y sculptors 9 an h\r1--a ?+ almo/ incr$ible to him :o has n beheld x4 ,he w5t to "w ) su* impetuosity & fury ( mann]1 t ,i fe>$ almo/ e mom5t to see ! block split into pieces4 ,x w\ld seem z if1 inflam$ by ! idea ( greatness :i* inspir$ him1 ?is great man attack$ ) a ,vig5]e4 ,9 pa9t+ ,mi*ael ,angelo reg>d$ col\r+ z ( second>y importance4 ,he is n kn[n to h execut$ "o pa9t+ 9 oil1 & he treat$ oil & easel-pa9t+ g5]ally z "w only fit = wom5 or idle m54 ,:ile he approa*$ ! sublime 9 8 pa9t+1 x 0 by no means faultless4 ,ev5 9 =m 8 ef=ts 7 apt to t5d to heav9ess & exagg]ation1 & ! fasc9ation :i* robu/ muscul> del9eation _h = him1 betray$ him into mat]ialism4 ,fuseli's criticism ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's "w1 t ,mi*ael ,angelo's wom5 7 female m51 & 8 *ildr5 dim9utive giants1 is judg$ correct4 ,incomp>ably ! greate/ pa9t+ ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's is 8 ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,x includes upw>ds ( #bjj figures1 ! great] "p colossal1 z !y 7 to be look$ at1 9 ! di/ance1 f bel[4 ',! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel conta9s ! mo/ p]fect works done by ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 8 long & active life4 ,"h 8 great _s appe>s 9 noble/ dignity1 9 its highe/ purity2 "h ! att5tion is n di/urb$ by t arbitr>y display to :i* 8 great p[] n unfrequ5tly s$uc$ him 9 o!r works4 ,! ceil+ =ms a flatt5$ ar* 9 its section2 ! c5tral portion1 :i* is a pla9 surface1 conta9s a s]ies ( l>ge & small pictures1 repres5t+ ! mo/ important ev5ts record$ 9 ! book ( ,g5esis--! ,creation & ,fall ( ,man1 ) its imm$iate consequ5ces4 ,9 ! l>ge triangul> comp>tm5ts at ! spr++ ( ! vault are sitt+ figures ( ! ,prophets & ,sibyls1 z ! =etell]s ( ! com+ ,savi\r4 ,9 ! s(fits ( ! recesses betwe5 ^! comp>tm5ts1 & 9 ! ar*es und]nea?1 imm$iately above ! w9d[s1 are ! ance/ors ( ! ,virg91 ! s]ies lead+ ! m9d directly to ! ,savi\r4 ,! ext]nal ( ^! num]\s repres5tations is =m$ by an ar*itectural frame-"w ( peculi> composition1 :i* encloses ! s+le subjects1 t5ds to make ! pr9cipal masses conspicu\s1 & gives to ! :ole an appe>ance ( t solidity & support s necess>y1 b s seldom att5d$ to 9 s(fit decorations1 :i* may be consid]$ z if susp5d$4 ,a great numb] ( figures are also connect$ ) ! frame-"w2 ^? 9 unimportant situations are execut$ 9 ! col\r ( /one or bronze2 9 ! m important1 9 natural col\rs4 ,^! s]ve to support ! ar*itectural =ms1 to fill up & to connect ! :ole4 ,!y may be be/ describ$ z ! liv+ & embodi$ g5ii ( ar*itecture4 ,x requir$ ! unlimit$ p[] ( an ar*itect1 sculptor1 & pa9t]1 to conceive a /ructural :ole ( s mu* gr&eur1 to design ! decorative figures ) ! significant repose requir$ by ! sculpturesque "*1 & yet to pres]ve _! subord9ation to ! pr9cipal subjects1 & to keep ! latt] 9 ! proportions & relations be/ adapt$ to ! space to be fill$4'--,kugl]4 ,! pictures f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 beg9n+ f ! alt>1 are3-- #a4 ,! ,sep>ation ( ,light & ,d>kness4 #b4 ,! ,creation ( ! ,sun & ,moon4 #c4 ,! ,creation ( ,trees & ,plants4 #d4 ,! ,creation ( ,adam4 #e4 ,! ,creation ( ,eve4 #f4 ,! ,fall & ! ,expulsion f ,p>adise4 #g4 ,! ,sacrifice ( ,noah4 #h4 ,! ,deluge4 #i4 ,! ,intoxication ( ,noah4 ',! sc5es f ,g5esis are ! mo/ sublime repres5tations ( ^! subjects2--! ,creat+ ,_s is unveil$ be=e u4 ,! peculi> type :i* ! pa9t] has "h giv5 ( ! =m ( ! ,almighty ,fa!r has be5 frequ5tly imitat$ by 8 foll[]s1 & ev5 by ,raphael1 b has be5 surpass$ by none4 ,mi*ael ,angelo has repres5t$ him 9 maje/ic flight1 sweep+ ?r\gh ! air1 surr\nd$ by g5ii1 p>tly support+1 p>tly borne along ) him1 cov]$ by 8 float+ drap]y2 !y are ! di/9ct syllables1 ! sep>ate virtues ( 8 creat+ ^w4 ,9 ! fir/ 7l>ge7 comp>tm5t we see him ) ext5d$ h&s1 assign+ to ! sun & moon _! respective pa?s4 ,9 ! second1 he awak5s ! fir/ man to life4 ,adam lies /ret*$ on ! v]ge ( ! e>? 9 ! act ( rais+ himself2 ! ,creator t\*es him ) ! po9t ( 8 f+]1 & appe>s ?us to end[ him ) feel+ & life4 ,?is picture displays a wond]ful dep? ( ?\ght 9 ! composition1 & ! utmo/ elevation & maje/y 9 ! g5]al treatm5t & execution4 ,! ?ird subject is n less important1 repres5t+ ! ,fall ( ,man1 & 8 ,expulsion f ,p>adise4 ,! tree ( k /&s 9 ! mid/2 ! s]p5t 7! upp] "p ( ! body be+ t ( a woman7 is tw9$ ar\nd ! /em2 %e b5ds d[n t[>ds ! guilty pair1 :o are 9 ! act ( pluck+ ! =bidd5 fruit4 ,! figures are nobly graceful1 p>ticul>ly t ( ,eve4 ,close to ! s]p5t hov]s ! angel ) ! sword1 ready to drive ! fall5 be+s out ( ,p>adise4 ,9 ?is d\ble action1 ?is union ( two sep>ate mom5ts1 !re is some?+ peculi>ly poetic & significant3 x is guilt & puni%m5t 9 "o picture4 ,! sudd5 & lightn+-l appe>ance ( ! av5g+ angel beh9d ! demon ( d>kness has a mo/ impressive effect4'--,kugl]4 ,! l[] portion ( ! ceil+ is divid$ into triangles1 occupi$ by ! ,prophets & ,sibyls 9 solemn contemplation1 accompani$ by angels & g5ii4 ,beg9n+ f ! left ( ! entrance _! ord] is-- #a4 ,joel4 #b4 ,sibylla ,ery?raea4 #c4 ,ezekiel4 #d4 ,sibylla ,p]sica4 #e4 ,jonah4 #f4 ,sibylla ,libyca4 #g4 ,daniel4 #h4 ,sibylla ,cumaea4 #i4 ,isaiah4 #aj4 ,sibylla ,delphica4 ',! prophets & sibyls 9 ! triangul> comp>tm5ts ( ! curv$ portion ( ! ceil+ are ! l>ge/ figures 9 ! :ole "w2 ^!1 too1 are among ! mo/ wond]ful =ms t mod]n art has call$ into life4 ,!y are all repres5t$ seat$1 employ$ ) books or roll$ manuscripts2 g5ii /& ne> or beh9d !m4 ,^! mighty be+s sit be=e u p5sive1 m$itative1 inquir+1 or look+ upw>ds ) inspir$ c\nt5ances4 ,_! =ms & movem5ts1 indicat$ by ! gr& l9es & masses ( ! drap]y1 are maje/ic & dignifi$4 ,we see 9 !m be+s1 :o1 :ile !y feel & be> ! sorr[s ( a corrupt & s9ful _w1 h p[] to look = consolation into ! secrets ( ! future4 ,yet ! greate/ v>iety prevails 9 ! attitudes & expression3 ea* figure is full ( individuality4 ,za*>ias is an ag$ man1 busi$ 9 calm & circumspect inve/igation2 ,j]emiah is b[$ d[n1 absorb$ 9 ?\ght1 ! ?\ght ( deep & bitt] grief2 ,ezekiel turns ) ha/y movem5ts to ! g5ius next to him1 :o po9ts upw>ds ) joyful expectation1 etc4 ,! sibyls are equally *>act]i/ic3 ! ,p]sian1 a l(ty1 maje/ic woman1 v ag$2 ! ,ery?raean1 full ( p[]1 l ! w>rior goddess ( wisdom2 ! ,delphic1 l ,cass&ra1 y\?fully s(t & graceful1 b ) /r5g? to be> ! awful s]i\sness ( revelation4'--,kugl]4 ',! belief ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! te/imony ( ! sibyl is %[n by ! well-kn[n hymn1 said to h be5 compos$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii1 at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 beg9n+ ) ! v]se-- ,dies irae1 dies illa1 ,solvet saeclum 9 favilla ,te/e ,david cum ,sibylla4 ,x may be inf]r$ t ?is hymn1 admitt$ into ! liturgy ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 gave sanction to ! adoption ( ! sibyls into ,*ri/ian art4 ,!y are se5 f ?is "t accompany+ ! prophets & apo/les1 9 ! cyclical decorations ( ! *ur*4444 ,b ! highe/ hon\r t art has r5d]$ to ! sibyls has be5 by ! h& ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 on ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,"h 9 ! conception ( a my/]i\s ord] ( wom51 plac$ above & )\t all consid]ations ( ! graceful or ! individual1 ! great ma/] 0 peculi>ly 9 8 elem5t4 ,!y exactly fitt$ 8 /&>d1 ( art1 n always sympa!tic1 nor compreh5sible to ! av]age human m9d1 ( :i* ! gr& 9 =m & ! ab/ract 9 expression 7 ! fir/ & la/ conditions4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! sibyls on ! ,si/9e ,*apel ceil+ are m ,mi*ael ,angelesque ?an _! companions ! prophets4 ,= ^!1 :ile types ( ! highe/ monum5tal treatm5t1 are yet m51 :ile ! sibyls belong to a di/9ct class ( be+s1 :o convey ! impression ( ! v obscurity 9 :i* _! hi/ory is wrapt--creatures :o h liv$ f> f ! abodes ( m51 :o are alike devoid ( ! expression ( fem99e sweetness1 human sympa?y1 or sacram5tal beauty2 :o are nei!r ,*ri/ians nor ,jewesses1 ,wit*es nor ,graces1 yet liv+1 gr&1 beautiful1 & true1 accord+ to laws reveal$ to ! great ,flor5t9e g5ius only4 ,?us _! figures may be said to be unique1 z ! (fspr+ ( a peculi> sympa?y betwe5 ! ma/]'s m9d & 8 subject4 ,to ?is sympa?y may be ascrib$ ! prom95ce & size giv5 !m1 bo? prophets & sibyls1 z comp>$ to _! usual relation to ! subjects !y environ4 ,!y sit "h on twelve ?rone-l ni*es1 m l presid+ deities1 ea* wrapt 9 self-contemplation1 ?an z tribut>y witnesses to ! tru? & omnipot5ce ( ,him !y are int5d$ to ann\nce4 ,?us !y =m a gigantic frame-"w r\nd ! subjects ( ! ,creation1 ( :i* ! bir? ( ,eve1 z ! type ( ! ,nativity1 is ! int5tional c5tre4 ,= "s reason1 ! twelve figures are n prophets & sibyls alt]nately--!re be+ only five sibyls to sev5 prophets1--s t ! prophets come toge!r at "o angle4 ,books & scrolls are giv5 indiscrim9ately to !m4 ',! ,sibylla ,p]sica1 suppos$ to be ! olde/ ( ! si/]hood1 holds ! book close to h] eyes1 z if f dimness ( sight1 :i* fact1 contradict$ z x is by a frame ( obvi\sly ,h]culean /r5g?1 gives a my/]i\s int5tness to ! action4 ',! ,sibylla ,libyca1 ( equally p[]ful proportions1 b less closely drap$1 is gr&ly wr++ h]self to lift a massive volume f a height above h] head on to h] knees4 ',! ,sibylla ,cumana1 also ag$1 & ) h] head cov]$1 is read+ ) h] volume at a di/ance f h] eyes4 ',! ,sibylla ,delphica1 ) wav+ hair escap+ f h] turban1 is a beautiful "y be+1 ! mo/ human ( all1 gaz+ into vacancy or futurity4 ,%e holds a scroll4 ',! ,sibylla ,ery?raea1 gr&1 b>e-head$ creature1 sits read+ int5tly ) cross$ legs1 ab\t to turn ov] h] book4 ',! prophets are equally gr& 9 /ructure1 & ?\gh1 z we h said1 n m ?an m51 yet !y are ! only m5 t c\ld well be> ! juxtaposition ) _! /up5d\s female colleagues4 ,ezekiel1 betwe5 ,ery?raea & ,p]sica1 has a scroll 9 8 h& t hangs by 8 side1 j ca/ d[n1 z he turns eag]ly to li/5 to "s voice4 ',j]emiah1 a magnific5t figure1 ) elb[ on knee & head on h&1 wrapt 9 m$itation appropriate to "o call$ to utt] lam5tation & woe4 ,he has nei!r book nor scroll4 ',jonah is also )\t ei!r4 ,8 position is /ra9$ & ungraceful1 look+ upw>ds1 & app>5tly remon/rat+ ) ! ,almighty ^u ! de/ruction ( ! g\rd1 a few leaves ( :i* are se5 above him4 ,8 h&s are plac$ toge!r ) a /range & trivial action1 suppos$ to d5ote ! c\nt+ on 8 f+]s ! numb] ( days he 0 9 ! fi%'s belly4 ,a =mless m>9e mon/] is se5 at 8 side4 ',daniel has a book on 8 lap1 ) "o h& on x4 ,he is "y1 & a piece ( lion's sk9 seems to allude to 8 hi/ory4'#i ,9 ! recesses betwe5 ! prophets & sibyls are a s]ies ( lovely family gr\ps1 repres5t+ ! g5ealogy ( ! ,virg91 & expressive ( calm expectation ( ! future4 ,! f\r corn]s ( ! ceil+ conta9 gr\ps illu/rative ( ! p[] ( ! ,"l display$ 9 ! especial deliv]ances ( 8 *os5 p4 ,ne> ! alt> are3 ,"r1 ,! ,deliv]ance ( ! ,israelites by ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t4 ,left1 ,! ,execution ( ,haman4 ,ne> ! entrance are3 ,"r1 ,judi? & ,hol(]nes4 ,left1 ,david & ,golia?4#aj ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 ?irty-n9e ye>s ( age :5 he pa9t$ ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e4 ,:5 he began to pa9t ! ',day ( ,judgm5t' he 0 above sixty ye>s ( age1 & 8 great rival1 ,raphael1 _h already be5 dead ?irte5 ye>s4 ,! picture ( ! ',day ( ,judgm5t1' ) mu* t r5d]s x m>vell\s & awful1 has a c]ta9 co>s5ess ( conception & execution4 ,! mom5t *os5 is t 9 :i* ! ,"l says1 ',dep>t f me1 ye curs$1' & ! idea & ev5 attributes ( ! pr9cipal figure are tak5 f ,orcagna's old pa9t+ 9 ! ,campo ,santo4 ,b ) all ,mi*ael ,angelo's advantages1 he has by no means improv$ on ! orig9al idea4 ,he has robb$ ! figure ( ! ,"l ( its transc5dant maje/y2 he has n be5 able to imp>t to ! ranks ( ! bless$ ! look ( bless$ness :i* ',il ,beato' himself might h convey$4 ,! *ief excell5ce ( ! picture is 9 ! ranks ( ! condemn$1 :o wri! & rebel aga9/ _! agonies4 ,no wond] t ! picture is sombre & dreadful4 ,( ! allegorical figures ( ',night' & ',morn+' 9 ! *apel ( ,san ,lor5zo1 !re are ca/s at ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,a comp>ison & a contra/ h be5 in/itut$ betwe5 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,milton1 & ,raphael & ,%akespe>e4 ,!re may be some?+ 9 !m1 b1 z 9 ! case ( brok5 metaphors1 !y w n be> be+ pu%$ to a logical conclusion or pick$ to pieces4 ,! v transp>5t comp>ison :i* mat*es ,mi*ael ,angelo ) 8 own c\ntryman1 ,dante1 is aft] all m felicit\s & tru]4 ,mi*ael ,angelo ) ,lion>do are ! great *iefs ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool4 ,raphael ,sanzio1 or ,santi ( ,urb9o1 ! head ( ! ,roman ,s*ool1 0 "o ( ^? v exceptional m5 :o seem born to happ9ess1 to inspire love & only love1 to pass ?r\gh ! _w mak+ fri5ds & dis>m+ enemies1 :o are fully arm$ to conf] pleasure :ile almo/ incapable ( ei!r inflict+ or receiv+ pa94 ,to ?is day 8 exceptional =tune /&s ,raphael's memory 9 good /ead1 s9ce = "o man or woman :o ye>ns aft] ! au/]e righte\sness & priceless t5d]ness ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 !re are t5 :o yield ) all _! he>ts to ! gay1 sweet g5tl5ess & g5]osity ( ,raphael4 ,no d\bt x 0 also 9 8 fav\r z a pa9t]1 t ?\gh a man ( highly cultivat$ ta/es1 '9 close intimacy & correspond5ce ) mo/ ( ! celebrat$ m5 ( 8 "t1 & int]e/$ 9 all t 0 go+ =w>d1' he did n1 especially 9 8 y\?1 sp5d 8 /r5g? on a v>iety ( /udies1 b devot$ himself to pa9t+4 ,:ile he ?us v9dicat$ 8 %>e ( ! bread? ( g5ius ( 8 c\ntry & "t1 by giv+ to ! _w ! lovelie/ ,madonnas & ,*ild-,*ri/s1 ! mo/ dramatic ( battle-pieces1 ! f9e/ ( portraits1 8 noble & graceful f]tility ( inv5tion & mat*less skill ( execution 7 conf9$ to & conc5trat$ on pa9t+4 ,he did n div]ge long or f> into ! si/] arts ( ar*itecture & sculpture1 ?\gh 8 classic rese>*es 9 ! excavations ( ,rome 7 ke5 & zeal\s2 a heap ( ru9s hav+ giv5 to ! _w 9 #aejd ! gr\p ( ! t a writ] ( 8 day c\ld record t ',raphael _h s\ght & f\nd 9 ,rome ano!r ,rome4' ,raphael 0 born 9 ! t[n ( ,urb9o1 & 0 ! son ( a pa9t] ( ! ,umbrian ,s*ool1 :o v e>ly de/9$ ! boy to 8 future c>e]1 & promot$ 8 de/9ation by all ! ef=ts 9 ,giovanni ,santi's p[]1 includ+ ! int5tion ( s5d+ away & appr5tic+ ! little lad to ! be/ ma/] ( 8 "t1 ,p]ug9o1 s call$ f ! t[n :]e he resid$1 ,p]ugia4 ,raphael's "m di$ :5 he 0 only eight ye>s ( age1 & 8 fa!r di$ :5 he 0 no m ?an elev5 ye>s1 be=e ! plans = 8 education 7 put into action4 ,b no /roke ( outw>d calamity1 or loss--h[ev] sev]e1 c\ld annul ,raphael's bir?right ( univ]sal fav\r4 ,8 /ep-"m1 ! uncles :o 7 8 gu>dians1 8 clev]1 p]v]se1 unscrupul\s ma/]1 all jo9$ 9 a common love ( ,raphael & det]m9ation to promote 8 int]e/s4 ,raphael at ! age ( twelve ye>s w5t to ,p]ugia to "w "u ,p]ug9o1 & rema9$ ) 8 ma/] till he 0 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,9 t int]val he pa9t$ indu/ri\sly1 mak+ con/ant progress1 always 9 ! some:at h>d1 b f9i%$1 /yle ( ,p]ug9o1 :ile already %[+ a pr$ilection = :at 0 to prove ,raphael's fav\rite subject1 ! ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,at ?is p]iod he pa9t$ 8 fam\s ,lo ,sposalizio or ! ',esp\sals1' ! m>riage ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y ) ,joseph1 n[ at ,milan4 ,9 #aejd he visit$ ,flor5ce1 rema9+ only = a %ort "t1 b mak+ ! acqua9tance ( ,fra ,b>tolommeo & ,ghirl&ajo1 see+ ! c>toons ( ,lion>do & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & f t "t display+ a m>k$ improvem5t 9 draw+4 ,inde$ no?+ is m conspicu\s 9 ,raphael's g5ius 9 contra-di/9ction to ,mi*ael ,angelo's1 ?an ! receptive "* ( ,raphael's m9d1 8 p[] ( cat*+ up an impression f )\t1 & ! c&\r & humility ) :i* he avail$ himself unhesitat+ly ( ! assi/ance l5t him by o!rs4 ,return+ soon to ,flor5ce1 ,raphael rema9$ !re till #aejh1 :5 he 0 tw5ty-five ye>s1 draw+ clos] ! valuable fri5d%ips he _h already =m$1 & advanc+ ) rapid /rides 9 8 art1 until 8 r5[n 0 spread all ov] ,italy1 & ) reason1 s9ce already1 :ile /ill "y1 he _h pa9t$ 8 ',madonna ( ! ,goldf9*1' 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,gall]y1 & 8 ',la ,belle ,j>d9i]e1' or ,madonna 9 a g>d5 among fl[]s1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye> ,raphael 0 summon$ to ,rome to pa9t = ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 ,my read]s w rememb] t ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! abrupt sev]ity ( 8 prime ( manhood1 0 soon to pa9t ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel = ! same despotic & art-lov+ ,pope1 :o _h br\ght ,raphael h>dly m ?an a /ripl+ to pa9t ! ',cam]e' or ',/anze' *amb]s ( ! ,vatican4 ,! fir/ ( ! halls :i* ,raphael pa9t$ 7?\gh n ! fir/ 9 ord]7 is call$ ! ,cam]a della ,segnatura 79 ,engli%1 signature71 & repres5ts ,!ology1 ,poetry1 ,philosophy1 ) ! ,sci5ces1 ,arts1 & ,jurisprud5ce4 ,! second is ! ',/anza d',eliodoro1' or ! room ( ,heliodorus1 & conta9s ! gr&e/ pa9t+ ( all1 9 ! expulsion ( ,heliodorus f ! ,temple ( ,j]usalem 7tak5 f ,maccabees71 ! ,miracle ( ,bols5a1 ,attila1 k+ ( ! ,huns1 t]rifi$ by ! app>ition ( ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul1 & ,/ ,pet] deliv]$ f prison4 ,! ?ird /anza pa9t$ by ,raphael is ! ',/anza dell' ,inc5dio' 7! conflagration71 s call$ f ! ext+ui%+ ( ! fire 9 ! ,borgo by a suppos$ miracle1 be+ ! mo/ conspicu\s sc5e 9 repres5tations ( ev5ts tak5 f ! lives ( ,popes ,leo ,,iii1 & ,,iv42 & ! f\r? *amb]1 :i* 0 left unf9i%$ by ,raphael1 & complet$ by 8 s*ol>s1 is ! ',sala di ,con/ant9o1' & conta9s incid5ts f ! life ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 includ+ ! spl5did battle-piece betwe5 ,con/ant9e & ,max5tius4 ,at ^! *amb]s1 or at ! designs = !m1 dur+ ! pop$oms ( ,julius ,,ii41 :o di$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! pa9t+ ( ! ,cam]e1 & ,leo ,x41 = a p]iod ( twelve ye>s1 till ,raphael's dea? 9 #aebj1 aft] :i* ! ',sala di ,con/ant9o' 0 complet$ by 8 s*ol>s4 ,raphael has also left 9 ! ,vatican a s]ies ( small pictures f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 kn[n z ,raphael's ,bible4 ,?is s]ies decorates ! ?irte5 cupolas ( ! ',loggie1' or op5 gall]ies1 runn+ r\nd ?ree sides ( an op5 c\rt4 ,ano!r "w und]tak5 by ,raphael %\ld h /ill m int]e/ = u4 ,leo ,x41 resolv+ to sub/itute wov5 = pa9t$ tape/ry r\nd ! l[] walls ( ! int]ior ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 comm&$ ,raphael to furni% draw+s to ! ,flemi% weav]s1 & !nce arose elev5 c>toons1 sev5 ( :i* h be5 pres]v$1 h become ! prop]ty ( ,engl&1 & are ! glory ( ! ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! subjects ( ! c>toons 9 ! sev5 :i* h be5 sav$1 are ',! ,dea? ( ,ananias1' ',elymas ! ,sorc]] /ruck ) ,bl9dness1' ',! ,heal+ ( ! ,lame ,man at ! ,beautiful ,gate ( ! ,temple1' ',! ,miracul\s ,draught ( ,fi%es1' ',paul & ,b>nabas at ,ly/ra1' ',/ ,paul ,prea*+ at ,a!ns1' & ',! ,*>ge to ,/ ,pet]4' ,! f\r c>toons :i* are lo/1 7 ',! ,/on+ ( ,/ ,/eph51' ',! ,conv]sion ( ,/ ,paul1' ',paul 9 ,prison1' & ',! ,coronation ( ! ,virg94' ,9 ^? c>toons figures above life-size 7 drawn ) *alk ^u /rong pap]1 & col\r$ 9 di/emp]1 & ,raphael receiv$ = 8 "w f\r hundr$ & ?irty gold ducats 7ab\t ,l#fej71 :ile ! ,flemi% weav]s receiv$ = _! "w 9 wools1 silk1 & gold1 fifty ?\s& gold ducats4 ,! designs 7 cut up 9 /rips = ! weav]s' use1 & :ile "s /rips 7 de/roy$1 ! re/ lay 9 a w>eh\se at ,arras1 till ,rub5s became aw>e ( _! exi/5ce1 & advis$ ,*>les ,i1 to buy ! set1 to be employ$ 9 ! tape/ry manufactory e/abli%$ by ,james ,i4 at ,mortlake4 ,br\ght to ?is c\ntry 9 ! slips :i* ! weav]s _h copi$1 ! fate ( ! c>toons 0 /ill prec>i\s4 ,cromwell b\ght !m 9 ,*>les ,i4's art collection1 & ,l\is ,,xiv1 s\ght1 b fail$1 to re-buy !m4 ,!y fell into f>!r neglect1 & 7 well-nigh =gott51 :5 ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] recall$ !m to notice1 & induc$ ,william ,,iii1 to h ! slips pa/$ toge!r1 & /ret*$ ^u l951 & put 9 a room set ap>t = !m at ,hampton ,c\rt1 :5ce !y 7 transf]r$1 )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 = ! great] advantage ( arti/s & ! public1 to ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! wov5 tape/ries = :i* ! c>toons 7 design$ _h q z *equ]$ a c>e]4 ,9 ! two sacks ( ,rome by ,fr5* soldi]s1 ! tape/ries 7 seiz$1 c>ri$ (f1 & two ( !m burnt = ! bullion 9 ! ?read4 ,at la/ !y 7 re/or$ to ! ,vatican1 :]e !y hang 9 _! fad$ magnific5ce1 a monum5t ( ,leo ,x1 & ( ,raphael4 ,an additional set ( t5 tape/ry c>toons 7 suppli$ to ! ,vatican by ,raphael's s*ol>s4 ,raphael pa9t$ = ! ,*igi family 9 _! palace1 :i* is n[ ! ,villa ,f>nes9a1 sc5es f ! hi/ory ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1 & ! ,triumph ( ,galatea1 subjects :i* %[ h[ ! passion = classical my?ology t di/+ui%es ! next g5]ation1 0 beg9n+ to "w4 ,to ^! la/ ye>s belong 8 ',madonna di ,san ,si/o1' s nam$ f its hav+ be5 pa9t$ = ! conv5t ( ,/ ,sixtus at ,piac5za1 & 8 la/ picture1 ! ',transfiguration1' ) :i* he 0 /ill engag$ :5 dea? met him unexpect$ly4 ,raphael1 z ! ,italians say1 liv$ m l a 'pr9cipe' 7pr9ce7 ?an a 'pittore' 7pa9t]74 ,he _h a h\se 9 ,rome1 & a villa 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & on 8 dea? left a consid]able =tune to 8 heirs4 ,!re has n be5 want+ a rum\r t 8 life ( a pr9cipe 0 a dissipat$ & prodigal life2 b ?is ugly rum\r1 ev5 if x _h m evid5ce to support x1 is abundantly disprov5 by ! nature ( ,raphael's "w1 & by ! enorm\s am\nt ( t "w1 grant+ him ! utmo/ assi/ance f 8 cr[d ( s*ol>s4 ,he _h innum]able commissions1 & reta9$ an imm5se s*ool f all p>ts ( ,italy1 ! memb]s ( :i* ador$ _! ma/]4 ,raphael _h ! additional advantage ( hav+ _m ( 8 pictures well engrav$ by a contempor>y engrav] nam$ ,raimondi4 ,l ,giotto1 ,raphael 0 ! fri5d ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,italians ( 8 day1 includ+ ,c\nt ,ca/iglione1 & ! poet ,ario/o4 ,he 0 notably ! w>m fri5d ( 8 fell[-pa9t]s bo? at home & abroad1 ) ! exception ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,a draw+ ( 8 own1 :i* ,raphael s5t1 9 8 k9dly int]*ange ( su* sket*es1 to ,alb]t ,du]]1 is1 ,i ?9k1 pres]v$ at ,nu]emb]g4 ,! sov]eign pr9ces ( ,italy1 above all ,leo ,x41 7 n cont5t$ ) be+ munific5t patrons to ,raphael1 !y treat$ him ) ! mo/ m>k$ consid]ation4 ,! ,c>d9al ,bibbi5a propos$ ! pa9t]'s m>riage ) 8 niece1 ensur+ h] a d[ry ( ?ree ?\s& gold cr[ns1 b ,m>ia di ,bibbi5a di$ "y1 ere ! m>riage c\ld be accompli%$2 & ,raphael1 :o 0 said to be little dispos$ to ! mat*1 did n long survive h]4 ,he caught cold1 z "s report1 f 8 engross+ p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,roman excavations2 &1 z o!rs decl>e1 f 8 c\rtly assiduity 9 keep+ an appo9tm5t ) ! ,pope1 0 attack$ by fev]1 & di$ on 8 bir?-day1 ,april #f?1 #aebj1 hav+ complet$ 8 ?irty-sev5? ye>4 ,all ,rome & ,italy m\rn$ = him4 ,:5 8 body lay 9 /ate1 to be look$ at & wept ov] by multitudes1 8 great unf9i%$ picture ( ! ',transfiguration' 0 hung above ! b$4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 a spot *os5 by himself 9 8 lifetime1 &1 z x happ5$1 n f> f ! re/+-place ( 8 promis$ bride4 ,d\bts hav+ be5 rais$ z to ,raphael's grave1 se>* 0 made1 & 8 body 0 exhum$ 9 #ahcc1 & re-buri$ ) great pomp4 ,raphael's life & t ( ,rub5s =m ! ideal pa9t]'s life--b\ntiful1 spl5did1 uncl\d$1 & t]m9at+ ere x sees eclipse or decay--to all 9 :om ! arti/ic temp]am5t is unit$ to a g5ial1 s5su\s1 pleasure-lov+ nature4 ,raphael 0 n above ! middle height1 & slightly made4 ,he 0 sall[ 9 col\r1 ) br[n eyes1 & a full yet delicate m\?2 b 8 beautiful face1 l t ( our ,engli% ,%akespe>e1 is famili> to mo/ ( u4 ,) reg>d to ,raphael's face1 ! am\nt ( womanl9ess 9 x is a /rik+ *>act]i/ic4 ,"o he>s sometimes t no man's "* is complete )\t its %>e ( womanl9ess3 surely ,raphael _h a d\ble %>e1 = womanl9ess is ! mo/ di/9ctive quality 9 8 face1 along ) t vague %ade ( p5siv5ess :i* we f9d n infrequ5tly1 b /rangely en\gh1 9 ^? faces :i* h be5 associat$ ) ! happie/ spirits & ! brighte/ =tunes4 ,raphael & 8 s*ol>s pa9t$ & drew ab\t n9e hundr$ pictures & sket*es1 includ+ a hundr$ & tw5ty ,madonnas1 eight ( :i* are 9 private collections 9 ,engl&4 ,( ,raphael's greatness1 ,kugl] writes t 'x is n s mu* 9 k9d z 9 degree4 ,no ma/] left beh9d s _m really excell5t works z he1 ^: days 7 s e>ly numb]$2 9 none has !re be5 obs]v$ s little t is unpleasant4' ,all au?orities agree 9 ascrib+ mu* ( ,raphael's p[] to 8 purely unselfi% nature & aim4 ,8 excell5ce seems to lie 9 ! ne>ly p]fect expression ( mat]ial beauty & h>mony1 toge!r ) gr&eur ( design & noble work+ out ( ?\ght4 ,we %all see t ?is devotion to mat]ial beauty has be5 made some?+ ( a reproa* to ,raphael1 z x c]ta9ly deg5]at$ into a sn>e 9 ! h&s ( 8 foll[]s1 :ile unque/ionably ! univ]sal appreciation ( ,raphael's "w1 di/+ui%$ f ! p>tial appreciation be/[$ on ! great works ( o!rs1 proce$s f ?is evid5t mat]ial beauty :i* is op5 to all4 ,!n1 aga91 ,raphael1 f> m ?an ,&rea del ,s>to1 des]v$ to be call$ 'faultless2' & ?is g5]al abs5ce ( defects & equality ( excell5ce is a great elem5t ( ,raphael's wide popul>ity2 =1 z "o c obs]ve = "o's self1 9 reg>d+ a "w ( art1 !re is always a l>ge proportion ( ! spectators :o w seize on an error1 dwell on x1 & be incapable ( %ak+ (f its influ5ce1 & ris+ into ! high] rank ( critics1 :o discov] & pond] ov] beauties4 ,i w\ld h x consid]$ also1 t ?is equality ( excell5ce does n necess>ily proce$ always f a high] aim1 b may arise r f an unconsci\sly l[] aim4 ,! s+le reproa* br\ght aga9/ ,raphael z a pa9t] is t--accord+ to "s witnesses only1 = mo/ d5y ! implication--,raphael s delight$ 9 mat]ial beauty t he became enslav$ by x1 till x dim9i%$ 8 spiritual insight4 ,x is an inconte/able tru? t 9 ,raphael1 z 9 all ! great ,italian pa9t]s ( 8 c5tury1 !re 0 a fall+ away f ! simple e>ne/ness1 ! exce$+ rev]5ce1 ! endless pati5ce1 ! self-ab/raction1 & self-devotion ( ! e>lie/ ,italian & ,flemi% pa9t]s4 ,!re=e !re has be5 )9 ! la/ fifty or sixty ye>s t movem5t 9 mod]n art1 :i* is call$ ,pre-raphaelitism1 & :i* is1 9 fact1 a revolt aga9/ subjection to ,raphael1 & 8 suppos$ undue exaltation ( mat]ial beauty1 & subjection ( tru? to beauty--s call$4 ,b we mu/ n fall into ! grave mi/ake ( imag9+ t !re 0 any want ( vig\r & v>iety 9 ,raphael's grace & t5d]ness1 or t he c\ld n 9 8 greate/ works rise into a gr&eur 9 keep+ ) 8 subject4 ,tire z we may ( he>+ ,raphael call$ ! k+ ( pa9t]s1 z ! ,greeks tir$ ( he>+ ,ari/ides call$ '! j1' ?is fact rema9s3 no pa9t] has left beh9d him su* a mass ( surpass+ly good "w2 9 no o!r "w is !re ! same *>m ( greate/ beauty & h>mony4 ,x is h>d = me to give y an idea 9 s %ort a space ( ,raphael's "w4 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) quot+ descriptions ( two ( 8 ,/anze1 ^? ( ! ,heliodorus & ! ,segnatura4 ',heliodorus driv5 out ( ! ,temple 7#b ,maccabees iii474 ,9 ! backgr\nd ,onias ! prie/ is repres5t$ pray+ = ,div9e int]position2--9 ! =egr\nd ,heliodorus1 pursu$ by two av5g+ angels1 is endeav\r+ to be> away ! treasures ( ! temple4 ,amid ! gr\p on ! left is se5 ,julius ,,ii41 9 8 *air ( /ate1 att5d$ by 8 secret>ies4 ,"o ( ! be>]s 9 front is ,m>c-,antonio ,raimondi1 ! engrav] ( ,raphael's designs4 ,! man ) ! inscription1 ,jo ,petro de ,folic>iis ,cremon51 0 secret>y ( briefs to ,pope ,julius4 ,"h y may fancy y he> ! ?und]+ approa* ( ! heav5ly w>rior1 & ! neigh+ ( 8 /e$2 :ile 9 ! diff]5t gr\ps :o are plund]+ ! treasures ( ! temple1 & 9 ^? :o gaze int5tly on ! sudd5 con/]nation ( ,heliodorus1 )\t be+ able to div9e its cause1 we see ! expression ( t]ror1 amazem5t1 joy1 humility1 & e passion to :i* human nature is expos$4'#aa ',! ,/anza della ,segnatura is s call$ f a judicial assembly once held "h4 ,! frescoes 9 ?is *amb] are illu/rative ( ! ,virtues ( ,!ology1 ,philosophy1 ,poetry1 & ,jurisprud5ce1 :o are repres5t$ on ! ceil+ by ,raphael1 9 ! mid/ ( arabesques by ,sodoma4 ,! squ>e pictures by ,raphael ref]3--! ,fall ( ,man to ,!ology2 ! ,/udy ( ! ,globe to ,philosophy2 ! ,flay+ ( ,m>syas to ,poetry2 & ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon to ,jurisprud5ce4 ',entrance ,wall4--,! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns4 ,raphael consult$ ,ario/o z to ! arrangem5t ( its #eb figures4 ,9 ! c5tre1 on ! /eps ( a portico1 are se5 ,plato & ,ari/otle1 ,plato po9t+ to heav5 & ,ari/otle to e>?4 ,on ! left is ,socrates conv]s+ ) 8 pupils1 among/ :om is a "y w>rior1 probably ,alcibiades4 ,ly+ ^u ! /eps 9 front is ,diog5es4 ,to 8 left1 ,py?agoras is writ+ on 8 knee1 & ne> him1 ) ink & p51 is ,emp$ocles4 ,! :ite mantle is ,francesco ,m>ia della ,rov]e1 nephew ( ,julius ,,ii4 ,on ! "r is ,ar*im$es draw+ a geometrical problem ^u ! floor4 ,! "y man ne> him ) uplift$ h&s is ,f$]igo ,,ii41 ,duke ( ,mantua4 ,beh9d ^! are ,zoroa/]1 ,ptolemy1 "o ) a t]re/rial1 ! o!r ) a cele/ial globe1 address+ two figures1 :i* repres5t ,raphael & 8 ma/] ,p]ug9o4 ,! draw+ 9 br[n ^u ! socle b5ea? ?is fresco1 is by ,pi]9o del ,vaga1 & repres5ts ! dea? ( ,ar*im$es4 ',"r ,wall4--,p>nassus4 ,apollo surr\nd$ by ! ,muses2 on 8 "r1 ,hom]1 ,virgil1 & ,dante4 ,bel[ on ! "r1 ,sappho1 suppos$ to be address+ ,cor9na1 ,petr>*1 ,prop]tius1 & ,anacreon2 on ! left ,p9d> & ,horace1 ,sannazz>o1 ,boccaccio1 & o!rs4 ,b5ea? ?is1 9 grisaille1 are1--,alex&] plac+ ! poems ( ,hom] 9 ! tomb ( ,a*illes1 & ,augu/us prev5t+ ! burn+ ( ,virgil's ,a,eneid4 ',left ,wall4--,above ! w9d[ are ,prud5ce1 ,=titude1 & ,temp]ance4 ,on ! left1 ,ju/9ian deliv]s ! ,p&ects to ,tribonian4 ,on ! "r1 ,gregory ,,ix4 7) ! features ( ,julius ,,ii47 deliv]s ! ,decretals to a juri/2--,c>d9al de' ,m$ici1 aft]w>ds ,leo ,x41 ,c>d9al ,f>nese1 aft]w>ds ,paul ,,iii41 & ,c>d9al del ,monte1 are repres5t$ ne> ! ,pope4 ,9 ! socle b5ea? is ,solon address+ ! p ( ,a!ns4 ',wall ( ,egress4--,! ,disputa4 ,s call$ f an impression t x repres5ts a ,dispute ^u ! ,sacram5t4 ,9 ! upp] "p ( ! composition ! heav5ly ho/ are pres5t2 ,*ri/ betwe5 ! ,virg9 & ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/2 on ! left1 ,/ ,pet]1 ,adam1 ,/ ,john1 ,david1 ,/ ,/eph51 & ano!r2 & on ! "r1 ,/ ,paul1 ,abraham1 ,/ ,james1 ,moses1 ,/ ,lawr5ce1 & ,/ ,george4 ,bel[ is an alt> surr\nd$ by ! ,lat9 fa!rs1 ,gregory1 ,j]ome1 ,ambrose1 & ,augu/9e4 ,ne> ,/ ,augu/9e /& ,/ ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,/ ,anacletus1 ) ! palm ( a m>tyr1 & ,c>d9al ,bu5av5tura read+4 ,^? 9 front are ,innoc5t ,,iii41 & 9 ! backgr\nd1 ,dante1 ne> :om a monk 9 a black hood is po9t$ out z ,savon>ola4 ,! ,dom9ican on ! extreme left is suppos$ to be ,fra ,angelico4 ,! o!r figures are unc]ta94' 444 ',raphael comm5c$ 8 "w 9 ! ,vatican by pa9t+ ! ceil+ & ! f\r walls 9 ! room call$ della ,segnatura1 on ! surface ( :i* he _h to repres5t f\r great compositions1 :i* embrac$ ! pr9cipal divisions ( ! encyclop$ia ( t p]iod2 namely1 ,!ology1 ,philosophy1 ,poetry1 & ,jurisprud5ce4 ',x w be conceiv$1 t to an arti/ imbu$ ) ! traditions ( ! ,umbrian ,s*ool1 ! fir/ ( ^! subjects 0 an unp>allel$ piece ( good =tune3 & ,raphael1 long famili> ) ! allegorical treatm5t ( religi\s compositions1 turn$ x "h to ! mo/ admirable acc\nt2 &1 n cont5t ) ! sugge/ions ( 8 own g5ius1 he avail$ himself ( all ! in/ruction he c\ld d]ive f ! intellig5ce ( o!rs4 ,f ^! comb9$ inspirations result$1 to ! et]nal glory ( ! ,ca?olic fai? & ( ,*ri/ian art1 a composition )\t a rival 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+1 &1 we may also add1 )\t a "n2 = to call x lyric or epic is n en\gh1 unless1 inde$1 we mean1 by us+ ^! expressions1 to comp>e x ) ! allegorical epic ( ,dante1 alone wor?y to be rank$ ) ?is m>vell\s production ( ! p5cil ( ,raphael4 ',let no "o consid] ?is praise z idle & gr\ndless1 = x is ,raphael himself :o =ces ! comp>ison ^u u1 by plac+ ! figure ( ,dante among ! fav\rite sons ( ! ,muses2 &1 :at is /ill m /rik+1 by drap+ ! allegorical figure ( ,!ology 9 ! v col\rs 9 :i* ,dante has repres5t$ ,beatrice2 namely1 ! :ite veil1 ! r$ tunic1 & ! gre5 mantle1 :ile on h] head he has plac$ ! olive cr[n4 ',( ! f\r allegorical figures :i* occupy ! comp>tm5ts ( ! ceil+1 & :i* 7 all pa9t$ imm$iately aft] ,raphael's arrival 9 ,rome1 ,!ology & ,poetry are inconte/ably ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,! latt] w\ld be easily di/+ui%$ by ! calm inspiration ( h] glance1 ev5 7 %e )\t h] w+s1 h] />ry cr[n1 & h] azure robe1 all hav+ allusion to ! elevat$ region t[>ds :i* x is h] privilege to so>4 ,! figure ( ,!ology is q z admirably suit$ to ! subject %e p]sonifies2 %e po9ts to ! upp] "p ( ! gr& composition1 :i* takes its "n f h]1 & 9 :i* ! arti/ has provid$ inexhau/ible food = ! sagacity & en?usiasm ( ! spectator4 ',?is "w consi/s ( two gr& divisions1--,heav5 & ,e>?--:i* are unit$ to "o ano!r by t my/ical bond1 ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,! p]sonages :om ! ,*ur* has mo/ hon\r$ = le>n+ & hol9ess1 are rang$ 9 picturesque & animat$ gr\ps on ei!r side ( ! alt>1 on :i* ! consecrat$ waf] is expos$4 ,/ ,augu/9e dictates 8 ?\ghts to "o ( 8 disciples2 ,/ ,gregory1 9 8 pontifical robes1 seems absorb$ 9 contemplation ( cele/ial glory2 ,/ ,ambrose1 9 a slightly diff]5t attitude1 appe>s to be *ant+ ! ,te ,deum2 :ile ,/ ,j]ome1 seat$1 re/s 8 h&s on a l>ge book1 :i* he holds on 8 knees4 ,pietro ,lomb>do1 ,duns ,scotus1 ,/ ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,pope ,anacletus1 ,/ ,bu5av5tura1 & ,innoc5t ,,iii41 are no less happily *>act]iz$2 :ile1 beh9d all ^! illu/ri\s m51 :om ! ,*ur* & succe$+ g5]ations h agre$ to hon\r1 ,raphael has v5tur$ to introduce ,dante ) 8 laurel cr[n1 &1 ) /ill great] boldness1 ! monk ,savon>ola1 publicly burnt t5 ye>s be=e z a h]etic4 ',9 ! glory1 :i* =ms ! upp] "p ( ! picture1 ! ,?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity are repres5t$1 surr\nd$ by patri>*s1 apo/les1 & sa9ts3 x may1 9 fact1 be consid]$ 9 "s sort z a resume ( all ! fav\rite compositions produc$ dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s by ! ,umbrian ,s*ool4 ,a great numb] ( ! types1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 are to be f\nd 9 ! e>li] works ( ,raphael himself4 ,! ,umbrian arti/s1 f hav+ s long exclusively employ$ !mselves on my/ical subjects1 _h c]ta9ly atta9$ to a m>vell\s p]fection 9 ! repres5tation ( cele/ial beatitude1 & ( ^? ineffable ?+s ( :i* x has be5 said t ! he>t ( man _c conceive !m1 f> less1 !re=e1 ! p5cil ( man portray2 & ,raphael1 surpass+ !m 9 all1 & ev5 9 ?is in/ance1 :ile surpass+ himself1 appe>s to h fix$ ! limits1 beyond :i* ,*ri/ian art1 prop]ly s call$1 has nev] s9ce be5 able to advance4'#ab ,( ,raphael's ,madonnas1 ,i %\ld l to speak ( ?ree4 ,! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o3 ',x repres5ts ! ,virg9 /&+ 9 a maje/ic attitude2 ! infant ,savi\r en?ron$ 9 h] arms2 & ar\nd h] head a glory ( innum]able *]ubs melt+ into light4 ,kneel+ be=e h] we see on "o side ,/ ,sixtus1 on ! o!r ,/ ,b>b>a1 & b5ea? h] feet two heav5ly *]ubs gaze up 9 adoration4 ,9 execution1 z 9 design1 ?is is probably ! mo/ p]fect picture 9 ! _w4 ,x is pa9t$ ?r\gh\t by ,raphael's own h&2 & z no sket* or /udy ( any "p ( x 0 ev] kn[n to exi/1 & z ! execution mu/ h be51 f ! ?9ness & delicacy ( ! col\rs1 wond]fully rapid1 x is suppos$ t he pa9t$ x at once on ! canvas--a creation r ?an a picture4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 ,augu/us ,,iii41 pur*as$ ?is picture f ! monks ( ! conv5t = ! sum ( sixty ?\s& flor9s 7ab\t ,l#fjjj71 & x n[ =ms ! *ief boa/ & ornam5t ( ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y'#ac ,! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o 7our ,lady ( ! ,goldf9*73 ',! ,virg9 is sitt+ on a rock1 9 a fl[]y mead[4 ,beh9d are ! usual light & fea!ry trees1 gr[+ on ! bank ( a /ream1 :i* passes (f to ! left 9 a rocky b5d1 & is cross$ by a bridge ( a s+le ar*4 ,to ! "r1 ! opposite bank slopes upw>d 9 a g5tle glade1 across :i* is a village1 back$ by two di/ant m\nta9-peaks4 ',9 front ( ! sitt+ matronly figure ( ! ,virg9 are ! holy *ildr51 our ,"l & ! ,bapti/1 "o on ei!r side ( h] "r knee4 ,%e has be5 read+1 & ! approa* ( ,/ ,john has caus$ h] to look (f h] book 7:i* is op5 9 h] left h&7 at ! new com]1 :i* %e does ) a look ( holy love & g5tl5ess1 at ! same "t c>ess+ly draw+ him to h] ) h] "r h&1 :i* t\*es 8 little body "u ! "r arm4 ,9 bo? h&s1 :i* re/ across ! ,virg9's knee1 he holds a captive goldf9*1 :i* he has br\ght1 ) *ildi% glee1 z an (f]+ to ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,! infant ,jesus1 /&+ betwe5 8 "m's knees1 ) "o foot plac$ on h] foot1 & h] h&1 ) ! op5 book1 close above 8 %\ld]1 reg>ds ! ,bapti/ ) an upw>d look ( g5tle solemnity1 at ! same "t t he holds 8 b5t h& ov] ! head ( ! bird4 ',s mu* = m]e description4 ,! inn] feel+ ( ! picture1 ! motive :i* has prompt$ x1 has surely h>dly ev] be5 surpass$4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg91 9 ca/+ h] arm r\nd ! infant ,/ ,john1 looks d[n on him ) a holy complac5cy = ! te/imony :i* he is to be> to h] ,son4 ,notice ! human boyi% glee ) :i* ! ,bapti/ pres5ts ! captur$ goldf9*1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! div9e look1 ev5 ( maje/y & creative love1 ) :i* ! infant ,jesus1 lay+ 8 h& on ! head ( ! bird1 half reproves ,/ ,john1 z x 7 say+1 ,love !m & hurt !m n4 ,notice1 too1 ! unfright5$ calm ( ! bird itself1 passive "u ! h& ( its lov+ ,creator4 ,all ^! are features ( ! v highe/ p[] ( human art4 ',aga91 9 accompanim5ts1 all is z x %\ld be4 ,! ,virg91 mode/ly & beautifully drap$2 ,/ ,john1 girt ab\t ! lo9s1 n only 9 accord ) 8 well-kn[n prophetic co/ume1 b also z p>tak+ ( s9ful humanity1 & !re=e ne$+ su* c9cture3 ! ,*ild ,r$eem]1 ) a slight c9cture1 j to sugge/ mo!rly c>e1 b n ov] ! "p usually conceal$1 z inde$ x nev] ought to be1 see+ t 9 ,him 0 no s91 & t x is ?is spotless purity :i* is ev] ! lead+ idea 9 repres5tations ( ,him z an infant4 ,notice1 too1 8 foot1 beautifully re/+ on t ( 8 "m2 ! unity betwe5 !m be+ ?us wond]fully ?\gh slightly kept up4 ,h] eye has j be5 dwell+ on ! book ( ! ,prophecies op5 9 h] h&2 & ?us ! spectator's ?\ght is rul$ 9 accordance ) ! high mission ( ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god1 & ?r[n =w>d into ! gr& & bless$ future4 ,x is a holy & wond]ful picture2 ,i _h n se5 any 9 ,italy :i* _h /ruck or refre%$ me m4'#ad ,& all[ me to write two or ?ree words ) reg>d to ! ',madonna della ,s$ia1' or our ,lady ( ! ,*air1 an engrav+ ( :i* us$ to *>m me :5 a *ild4 ,! ,virg91 v "y & simple-look+ 9 h] lovel9ess1 is seat$ on a l[ *air1 clasp+ ! ,div9e ,*ild1 :o is lean+ 9 we>9ess on h] brea/4 ,9 ! orig9al picture1 ,/ ,john ) 8 cross is /&+--a boy at ! ,virg9's knee1 b he is abs5t f ! old engrav+4 ,! meek ador+ t5d]ness 9 ! face ( ! "m1 ! holy +5u\sness 9 t ( ! *ild1 are expressions to be long /udi$4 ,( ,raphael's c>toons1 :i*1 s _m ( u c see = ourselves1 ,i _c tru/ myself to d m ?an to repeat :at /rikes me z a s+ul>ly apt phrase ( ,hazlitt's1 giv5 by ,mrs ,jameson1 t ! c>toons are in/ances 9 :i* '! corruptible has put on incorruption4' ,t f ! v slightness ( ! mat]ials employ$1 & ! v injuries :i* ! c>toons h su/a9$1 we h ! greate/ triumph ( art1 :]e '! s5se ( p[] sup]s$es ! appe>ance ( ef=t1' & :]e ! result is ! m maje/ic = be+ 9 ru9s4 ',all o!r pictures look l oil & v>ni%1 we are /opp$ & attract$ by ! col\r+1 ! p5cil+1 ! f9i%+1 ! in/rum5tality ( art2 b ! on ! canvas4444 ,!re is no?+ betwe5 u & ! subject2 we look ?r\gh a frame & see ,scripture hi/ories1 & amid/ ! wreck ( col\r & ! m\ld]+ ( mat]ial beauty1 no?+ is left b a univ]se ( ?\ght1 or ! broad imm95t %ad[s ( calm contemplation & maje/ic pa9s4' ,& t ,raphael did n neglect ! m9ute/ details 9 ^! sket*es1 w be se5 by ! accompany+ note3 ',! =egr\nd ( ,raphael's two c>toons1 ,! ,miracul\s ,draught ( ,fi%es1 & ,! ,*>ge to ,pet]1 are cov]$ ) plants ( ! common sea cole-wort1 ( :i* ! s9uat$ leaves & clu/]$ blossoms w\ld h exhau/$ ! pati5ce ( any o!r arti/2 b h appe>$ wor?y ( prolong$ & ?\ghtful lab\r to ! great m9d ( ,raphael4'--,rusk94 ,:ole clu/]s ( anecdotes ga!r r\nd ! c>toons1 :i*1 z !y h to d ) ! "w & n ! work]1 ,i leave unt\*$1 ) regret4 ,b ,i mu/ =ew>n my read]s by m5tion+ "s ( ! refut$ criticisms :i* h be5 appli$ to ! c>toons4 ,read+ ! criticisms & _! answ]s ought to r5d] u mode/ & w>y 9 'pick+ holes' 9 great pictures1 z =w>d & flippant critics1 old & "y1 are tempt$ to pick !m4 ,) reg>d to ! ',miracul\s ,draught ( ,fi%es1' a great outcry 0 once set up t ,raphael _h made ! boat too little to hold ! figures he has plac$ 9 x4 ,b ,raphael made ! boat little advis$ly2 if he _h n done s1 ! picture w\ld h be5 'all boat1' a cont+5cy sc>cely to be desir$2 on ! o!r h&1 if ,raphael _h dim9i%$ ! figures to suit ! size ( ! boat1 ^! figures w\ld n h suit$ ^? ( ! o!r c>toons1 & ! c>toon w\ld h lo/ greatly 9 dignity & effect4 ,9 ! c>toon ( ! ',dea? ( ,ananias1' c>p+ objectors 7 ready to sugge/ t ,raphael _h committ$ an error 9 "t by introduc+ ,sapphira 9 ! backgr\nd c\nt+ h] ill-gott5 ga9s1 at ! mom5t :5 h] no less guilty husb& has fall5 d[n 9 ! agonies ( dea?4 ,x 0 h\rs aft]w>ds t ,sapphira ent]$ into ! pres5ce ( ! apo/les4 ,b we mu/ "k t "t & space d n exi/ = pa9t]s1 :o h to tell _! /ory at "o /roke1 z x 74 ,9 ! treat+ ( ! ',lame ,man at ! ,beautiful ,gate ( ! ,temple1' "s au?orities h f\nd fault ) ,raphael = break+ ! composition into p>ts by ! introduction ( pill>s1 &1 f>!r1 t ! %afts are n /raight4 ,yet by ?is treatm5t ,raphael has conc5trat$ ! pr9cipal action 9 a sort ( frame1 & ?us has be5 enabl$ to give m fre$om ( action to ! rema9+ figures 9 ! o!r divisions ( ! picture4 ',x is evid5t1 moreov]1 t _h ! %afts be5 p]fectly /raight1 accord+ to ! sev]e/ law ( good ta/e 9 ar*itecture1 ! effect w\ld h be5 extremely disagreeable to ! eye2 by _! w9d+ =m !y h>monize ) ! manifold =ms ( ! mov+ figures ar\nd1 & !y illu/rate1 by _! elaborate elegance1 ! ,scripture phrase1 ! gate :i* is call$ ,beautiful4'--,mrs ,jameson4 ,( ,raphael's portraits ,i mu/ m5tion t wond]ful portrait ( ,leo ,x41 (t5 reckon$ ! be/ portrait 9 ! _w = tru? ( lik5ess & excell5ce ( pa9t+1 & ^? ( ! s-call$ ',=n>9a1' or 'bak]'4 ,two ,=n>9as are at ,rome & "o at ,flor5ce4 ,!re is a /ory t ! orig9al ( ! fir/ two pictures 0 a girl ( ! p to :om ,raphael 0 atta*$2 & !re is ?is to be said = ! tradition1 t !re is an ackn[l$g$ co>s5ess 9 ! v beauty ( ! half-drap$ ,=n>9a ( ! ,b>b]9i ,palace4 ,! ',=n>9a' ( ,flor5ce is ! portrait ( a noble woman1 hold+ ! fur-trimm+ ( h] mantle ) h] "r h&1 & x is said t ! picture c h>dly repres5t ! same individual z t twice repres5t$ 9 ,rome4 ,accord+ to "o guess ! la/ ',=n>9a' is ,vittoria ,colonna1 ! ,m>*esa de ,pesc>a1 pa9t$ by ,seba ,piombo1 in/ead ( by ,raphael2 & accord+ to ano!r1 ! ,roman ',=n>9a' is no ,=n>9a belov$ by ,raphael1 b ,beatrice ,pio1 a celebrat$ improvisatrice ( ! "t4 ,an 'innovation ( mod]n times is to spell ,raphael's "n 9 ,engl& z ! mod]n ,italians spelt x1 ,raffaelle1 a ^w ( f\r syllables1 & yet to pron\nce ?is ,italian ^w z if x 7 ,engli%1 z ,raphael4 ,vas>i wrote ,raffaello2 he himself wrote ,raphael on 8 pictures1 & has sign$ ! only autograph lett] we h ( 81 ,raphaello4'#ae ,titian1 or ,tiziano ,vecelli1 ! greate/ pa9t] ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 reckon$ wor?y to be nam$ ) ,lion>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael1 0 born ( good family at ,capo del ,cadore 9 ! ,v5etian ,/ate1 9 #adgg4 ,!re is a tradition t :ile o!r pa9t]s made _! fir/ essays 9 art ) *alk or *>coal1 ! boy ,titian1 :o liv$ to be a glori\s col\ri/1 made 8 e>lie/ trials 9 pa9t+ ) ! juice ( fl[]s4 ,titian /udi$ 9 ,v5ice "u ! ,bell9i1 & _h ,giorgione1 :o 0 born 9 ! same ye>1 = 8 fell[-s*ol>1 at fir/ 8 fri5d1 lat] 8 rival4 ,:5 a "y man ,titian sp5t "s "t 9 ,f]r>a2 !re he pa9t$ 8 ',bac*us & ,ariadne1' & a portrait ( ,lucrezia ,borgia4 ,9 #aeab1 :5 ,titian 0 ?irty-five ye>s ( age1 he 0 commission$ by ! ,v5etians to cont9ue ! works 9 ! great c\ncil-hall1 :i* ! advanc$ age ( ,gian ,bell9i kept him f f9i%+4 ,along ) ?is commission ,titian 0 appo9t$ 9 #aeaf to ! (fice ( la ,sans]ia1 :i* gave him ! duty & privilege ( pa9t+ ! portraits ( ! ,doges z long z he held ! (fice2 c\pl$ ) ! (fice 0 a sal>y ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty cr[ns a ye>4 ,titian liv$ to pa9t five ,doges2 two o!rs1 8 age1 equal to t ( ,gian ,bell9i1 prev5t$ him f pa9t+4 ,9 #aeaf1 ,titian pa9t$ 8 greate/ sacr$ picture1 ! ',assumption ( ! ,virg94' ,9 ! same ye> he pa9t$ ! poet ,ario/o1 :o m5tions ! pa9t] ) high hon\r 9 8 v]se4 ,9 #aecj1 ,titian1 a man ( fifty-?ree ye>s1 0 at ,bologna1 :]e !re 0 a meet+ betwe5 ,*>les ,v1 & ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 :5 he 0 pres5t$ to bo? pr9ces4 ,*>les ,v1 & ,philip ,,ii1 became aft]w>ds great patrons & admir]s ( ,titian1 & x is ( ,*>les ,v4 & ,titian t a leg5d1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 is told4 ,! ,emp]or1 visit+ ! pa9t] :ile he 0 at "w1 /oop$ d[n & pick$ up a p5cil1 :i* ,titian _h let fall1 to ! confusion & di/ress ( ! pa9t]1 :5 ,*>les paid ! pr9cely complim5t1 ',titian is wor?y ( be+ s]v$ by ,caes>4' ,titian pa9t$ _m portraits ( ,*>les ,v41 & ( ! memb]s ( 8 h\se4 ,z ,maximilian _h creat$ ,albre*t ,du]] a noble ( ! ,empire1 ,*>les ,v1 creat$ ,titian a ,c\nt ,palat9e1 & a ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/ ,iago1 ) a p5sion1 :i* 0 cont9u$ by ,philip ,,ii41 ( f\r hundr$ cr[ns a ye>4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,titian ev] visit$ ! ,spa9 ( 8 patrons1 b ,madrid possesses =ty-?ree ( 8 pictures1 among !m "s ( 8 f9e/ works4 ,titian w5t to ,rome 9 8 lat] ye>s1 b decl9$ to ab&on = ,rome ! pa9t]'s native ,v5ice1 :i* _h lavi%$ h] fav\rs on h] son4 ,he liv$ 9 great spl5d\r1 pay+ annual summ] visits to 8 bir?-place ( ,cadore1 & occasionally dwell+ aga9 = a "t at ,f]r>a1 ,urb9o1 ,bologna4 ,9 two in/ances he jo9$ ! ,emp]or at ,augsburgh4 ,:5 ,h5ry ,,iii1 ( ,france l&$ at ,v5ice1 he 0 ent]ta9$ en gr& seigneur by ,titian1 !n a v old man2 & :5 ! k+ ask$ ! price ( "s pictures :i* pleas$ him1 ,titian at once pres5t$ !m z a gift to 8 royal gue/4 ,titian m>ri$1 z has be5 rec5tly asc]ta9$1 & _h ?ree *ildr51--two sons1 ! eld] a wor?less & sc&al\s prie/2 ! second a good son & accompli%$ pa9t]2 & a daught]1 ! beautiful ,lav9ia1 s (t5 pa9t$ by h] fa!r1 & ^: "n w live ) 84 ,titian surviv$ 8 wife ?irty-six ye>s2 & 8 daught]1 :o _h m>ri$1 & 0 ! "m ( sev]al *ildr51 six ye>s4 ,8 second son & fell[-pa9t] di$ ( ! same plague :i* /ruck d[n ,titian1 9 #aeff1 at ! ripe age ( eighty-n9e ye>s4 ,titian is said to h be5 a man ( irritable & passionate temp]4 ,! hatr$ betwe5 him & ! pa9t]1 ,pord5one1 0 s bitt]1 t ! latt] ?\ght 8 life 9 dang]1 & pa9t$ ) 8 %ield & poni>d ly+ ready to 8 h&4 ,titian grasp$ ) imp]i\s t5acity 8 supremacy z a pa9t]1 s$ul\sly kept ! secrets ( 8 skill1 & 0 mo/ unmagnanim\sly jeal\s ( ! atta9m5ts ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,no defect ( temp]1 h[ev]1 kept ,titian f hav+ two insep>able convivial companions--"o ( !m ! ar*itect1 ,sansov9o1 & ! o!r ! pr(ligate wit1 ,aret9o1 :o 0 pleas$ to /yle himself ! 'fri5d ( ,titian & ! sc\rge ( pr9ces4' ,?\gh ,titian is said1 9 ! panic ( ! great plague1 to h di$ n only neglect$1 b plund]$ be=e 8 eyes1 /ill ,v5ice priz$ him s highly1 t %e made 9 8 fav\r ! s+le exception ( a public fun]al1 dur+ ! appall+ deva/ation wr\ght by ! pe/il5ce4 ,f an engrav+ ( a portrait ( ,titian by himself1 :i* is be=e me1 ,i c give ! be/ idea ( 8 p]son4 ,he looks l "o ( ! m]*ant pr9ces1 :om he pa9t$ s (t5 & s well1 9 ri*ly furr$ g[n1 massive *a91 & small cap1 f> (f 8 broad =ehead3 a /ately figure1 ) a face--9 its aquil9e nose & ke5 eyes1 full ( sagacity & fire1 :i* no ye>s c\ld tame4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ,titian's life1 !re 0 none :o ev5 approa*$ ! old ,v5etian pa9t] 9 ! art :i* he practis$ freely to ! la/4 ,pa9t+ 9 ,italy 0 ev]y:]e los+ its pre-em95ce4 ,x _h become1 ev5 :5 x 0 n s nom9ally1 ?or\ghly secul>iz$2--& ) reason1 = ! pa9t]s by _! art-cre$ & by _! lives 7 fitt] to repres5t gods & goddesses1 9 :om no man believ$1 ?an to give e>ne/ expression to a liv+ fai?4 ,ev5 ,titian1 great z he 01 prov$ a bett] pa9t] ( hea!n my?ology ?an ( sacr$ subjects4 ,b )9 c]ta9 limits & 9 c]ta9 directions1 ,titian /&s unequall$4 ,he has a high place = composition & = draw+1 & 8 col\r+ 01 beyond comp>ison1 gr& & true4 ,he 0 great z a l&scape pa9t]1 & he 0 ! be/ portrait pa9t] :om ! _w ev] saw4 ,9 8 pa9t+ is se51 n1 inde$1 ! life ( ! _s1 b ! life ( ! s5ses '9 its fulle/ p[]1' & 9 ,titian !re 0 su* l>ge ma/]y ( ?is life1 t 9 8 fre$om !re 0 no viol5ce1 b ! calmness ( supreme /r5g?1 ! s]5ity ( p]fect satisfaction4 ,8 pa9t+ 0 a reflection ( ! old ,greek idea ( ! life ( humanity z a joy\s exi/5ce1 s long z ! sun ( y\?1 maturity1 heal?1 & good =tune %one1 )\t ev5 t /ra9 ( =ebod+ pa91 & desp]ate clos+ ) fate1 :i* tr\bl$ ! bliss ( anci5t poet or sculptor4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ,titian's pr9cipal pictures are at ,v5ice & ,madrid4 ,among ,titian's f9e/ sacr$ pictures1 are 8 ',assumption ( ! ,virg91' n[ 9 ! ,academy1 ,v5ice1 :]e '! ,madonna1 a p[]ful figure1 is borne rapidly upw>ds1 z if div9ely impell$2 441 fasc9at+ gr\ps ( infant angels surr\nd h]1 b5ea? /& ! apo/les1 look+ up ) solemn ge/ures2' & 8 ',entombm5t ( ,*ri/1' a picture :i* is also 9 ,v5ice4 ,titian's ,madonnas 7 n s num]\s z 8 ,v5uses1 _m ( :i* are judg$ excell5t examples ( ! ma/]4 ,8 ',bac*us & ,ariadne1' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 is describ$ by ,mrs ,jameson1 'z pres5t+1 on a small scale1 an epitome ( all ! beauties :i* *>act]ize ,titian1 9 ! ri*1 picturesque1 animat$ composition1 9 ! ard\r ( ,bac*us1 :o fl+s himself f 8 c> to pursue ,ariadne2 ! danc+ bac*anals1 ! frantic grace ( ! bac*ante1 & ! little joy\s satyr 9 front1 trail+ ! head ( ! sacrifice4' ,titian's l&scapes are ! noble backgr\nds to _m ( 8 pictures4 ,^! l&scapes 7 n only free1 b full4 ',! great ma/]s ( ,italy1 almo/ )\t exception1 & ,titian1 p]haps1 m ?an any o!r 7= he _h ! highe/ k ( l&scape71 are 9 ! con/ant habit ( r5d]+ e detail ( _! =egr\nds ) ! mo/ labori\s botanical fidelity2 witness ! ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 9 :i* ! =egr\nd is occupi$ by ! common blue iris1 ! aquilegia1 & ! wild rose2 e /am5 ( :i* latt] is giv51 :ile ! blossoms & leaves ( ! columb9e 7a difficult fl[] to draw7 h be5 /udi$ ) ! mo/ exquisite accuracy4'--,rusk94 ,9 portraits1 ,titian convey$ to ! sitt]s & transf]r$ to 8 canvas1 n only a life-lik5ess1 b a positively noble dignity 9 t lik5ess4 ,:at 9 ,van ,dyck & ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 0 ! be/[+ ( high bre$+ & da9ty ref9em5t1 became "u ,titian's bru% dignity1 pure & simple1 v quiet1 & wond]fully real4 ,!re is ?is peculi>ity 9 connection ) ! numb] ( portraits :i* ,titian execut$1 t _m ( !m h desc5d$ to u )\t fur!r titles ?an ^? ( ',a ,v5etian ,s5ator1' ',a ,lady1' etc41 etc41 yet ( ! individual life ( ! orig9als no "o c d\bt4 ,) reg>d to ,titian's portraits ( wom51 ,i h already ref]r$ to ^? ( 8 beautiful daught]1 ,lav9ia4 ,9 "o portrait1 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 %e is hold+ a plate ( fruit2 9 ano!r1 9 ,engl&1 ! plate ( fruit is *ang$ into a casket ( jewels2 9 a ?ird1 at ,madrid1 ,lav9ia is ,h]odias1 & be>s a *>g] ) ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,a ',violante'--z "s say1 ! daught] ( ,titian's s*ol>1 ,palma1 ?\gh dates disprove ?is--sat frequ5tly to ,titian1 & is said to h be5 lov$ by him4 ,i h writt51 9 connection ) ,lion>do's ',jaconde' & ,raphael's ',=n>9a1' ( ,titian's ',bella ,donna4' ,he has v>i\s ',bellas1' b1 z f> z ,i "k1 ?is is ! ',bella ,donna1'--'a spl5did1 s]i\s beauty1 9 a r$ & blue silk dress1' 9 ! ,sci>ra ,gall]y1 ,rome4 ,i h read t critics 7 at "o "t puzzl$ by ! s+ul> yell[1 almo/ /raw col\r1 appe>+ pr(usely 9 ! hair ( ! wom5 ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s ( ?is "t1 & t x 0 only by consult+ contempor>y records t x 0 le>nt t ! ,v5etian wom5 indulg$ 9 ! weak & false vanity ( dye+ _! black hair a pale yell[--a process1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! wom5 drew ! hair ?r\gh ! cr[n ( a broad-brimm$ hat1 & spread+ x ov] ! brim1 submitt$ pati5tly to blea*+ ! hair 9 a s\!rn sun4 ,among ,titian's portraits ( m51 ^? ( ! ',emp]or ,*>les ,v4' & ! ',duke ( ,alva' are among ! mo/ fam\s4 ,titian pa9t$1 & pa9t$ wond]fully1 to ! v la/4 ,he 0 eighty-"o :5 he pa9t$ ! ',m>tyrdom ( ,/ ,lawr5ce1' "o ( 8 l>ge/ & gr&e/ compositions1 & 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life he pa9t$--leav+ x n q complet$1--a ',pieta2' %[+ t 8 h& own$ ! weight ( ye>s1#af b ! conception ( ! subject is /ill animat$ & /rik+1 ! col\rs /ill gl[+2 :ile1 ,titian-l1 ! light /ill fl[s ar\nd ! mighty gr\p 9 e gradation ( tone4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,g]man ,,art--,,albre*t ,d,ue,r,e,r1 #adga-aebh4 ,albre*t ,du]] c>ries u to a diff]5t c\ntry & a diff]5t race4 ,& he :o has be5 call$ ! fa!r ( ,g]man pa9t+ is ?or\ghly ,g]man1 n only 9 8 ,saxon hone/y1 s$at5ess1 & /r5g?1 b 9 ! curi\s mixture ( simplicity1 subtlety1 homel9ess1 & fanta/icalness1 :i* are /ill f\nd side by side 9 ,g]man g5ius4 ,albre*t ,du]] 0 born at t fitte/ bir?-place = ! great ,g]man pa9t]1 qua9t old ,nuremb]g1 9 #adga4 ,he 0 ! son ( a goldsmi?1 & "o ( a family ( eighte5 *ildr52 a home s*ool 9 :i* he may h le>nt e>ly ! noble1 manly lessons ( self-d5ial & endurance1 :i* he practis$ long & well4 ,he 0 tra9$ to 8 fa!r's trade until ! lad's b5t became s unmi/akable t he 0 wisely transf]r$ to ! /udio ( a pa9t] to s]ve 8 appr5tice%ip to art4 ,:5 ! ,nuremb]g appr5tice%ip 0 complet$1 ,albre*t foll[$ ! ,g]man cu/om1 v valuable to him1 ( s]v+ ano!r & a 'w&]+ appr5tice%ip1' :i* c>ri$ him betimes ?r\gh ,g]many1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,italy1 pa9t+ & /udy+ z he w5t4 ,he pa9t$ 8 own portrait ab\t ?is "t1 %[+ himself a comely1 pleasant1 & pleas$ "y fell[1 9 a curi\s holiday suit ( plait$ l[-bodi$ %irt1 j]k91 & mantle across ! %\ld]1 ) a pr(usion ( long fair curls1 ( :i* he 0 said to h be5 va91 arrang$ elaborately on ea* side1 ! blue eyes look+ ) frank confid5ce out ( ! blonde face4 ,he pa9t$ himself a little lat] ) ! brave k9dly face gr[n mature1 & ! wisdom ( ! _s %9+ 9 ! eyes1 & weigh+ on ! br[s4 ,on 8 return f 8 travels1 ,albre*t ,du]]'s fa!r arrang$ 8 son's m>riage ) ! daught] ( a musician 9 ,nuremb]g4 ,! inducem5t to ! m>riage seems to h be51 on ! fa!r's "p1 ! d[ry1 & on ! son's ! beauty ( ! bride4 ,h[ unhappy ! union prov$1 )\t any fault ( ,albre*t's1 has be5 ! !me ( s _m /ories1 t ,i am half incl9$ to ?9k t "s ( u mu/ be m famili> ) ,albre*t ,du]]'s w$d$ life ?an ) any o!r "p ( 8 hi/ory4 ,x seems to me1 t !re is consid]able exagg]ation 9 ^! /ories1 = grant$ t ,agnes ,du]] 0 a %rew & a mis]1 0 ,albre*t ,du]] ! man to be entirely1 or greatly1 at su* a woman's m]cy8 ,tak+ matt]s at _! wor/1 di%on\r & disgrace did n come ne> ! great pa9t]4 ,he 0 e/eem$1 z he des]v$ to be2 he _h a true fri5d 9 8 comrade ,pirkheim]2 he _h 8 art2 he _h ! peace ( a good consci5ce2 he _h ! highe/ ( all consolations 9 8 fai? 9 ,heav54 ,c]ta9ly x is n f ,albre*t himself t ! tale ( 8 dome/ic wret*$ness has come4 ,he 0 z manfully pati5t & sil5t z "o might h expect$ 9 a man upright1 firm1 & self-reliant z he 0 t5d]4 ,i d n ?9k x is good = m51 & especially = wom51 to indulge 9 egoti/ical s5tim5tality1 & to believe t su* a woman z ,agnes ,du]] c\ld utt]ly ?w>t & wreck ! life ( a man l ,albre*t4 ,x is n true to life1 9 ! fir/ place2 & x is di%on\r+ to ! man1 9 ! second2 = al?\gh1 d\btless1 !re are m5 :o are driv5 to de/ruction or he>t-brok5 by ev5 ! follies ( wom51 ^! m5 h n ! /\t he>ts1 ! loyal spirits1 ! manly m\ld ( ,albre*t ,du]]4 ,b mak+ e all[ance = ! high col\rs ) :i* a tale t has gr[n /ale is apt to be daub$1 ,i am =c$ to admit ! inf]5ce t a mean1 sordid1 cont5ti\s woman probably did z mu* z 0 9 h] p[] to h>ass & fret "o ( ! be/ m5 9 ,g]many1 or 9 ! _w4 ,luckily = himself1 ,albre*t 0 a sev]e /ud5t1 _h mu* engross+ "w :i* c>ri$ him abroad1 & travell$ once at lea/ f> away f ! h>ass+ & gall+ home discipl9e4 ,= any?+ fur!r1 ,i believe t ,albre*t lov$ 8 gre$y1 scold+ wife1 ^: fair face he pa9t$ frequ5tly 9 8 pictures1 & :om he left at la/ well & c>efully provid$ =1 z he bore ) h] to ! end4 ,9 #aejf ,albre*t ,du]] re-visit$ ,italy alone1 mak+ a /ay ( eight mon?s 9 ,v5ice1 :]e he =m$ 8 fri5d%ip ) ! old ,gian ,bell9i1 & :]e ,albre*t _h ! mis=tune to %[ ! pro(s & plans ( 8 engrav+s to ! ,italian engrav]1 ,raimondi1 :o engrav$ ,raphael's pa9t+s1 & :o prov$ himself base en\gh to /eal & make use ( ,albre*t ,du]]'s designs to ! ,g]man's s]i\s loss & inconv5i5ce4 ,a little lat] ,albre*t ,du]]1 accompani$ by 8 wife1 visit$ ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! ,emp]or ,maximilian treat$ ! pa9t] ) great fav\r1 & a leg5d survives ( _! relations3--,du]] 0 pa9t+ s l>ge a subject t he requir$ /eps to rea* x4 ,! ,emp]or1 :o 0 pres5t1 requir$ a nobleman ( 8 suite to /eady ! /eps = ! pa9t]1 an employm5t :i* ! nobleman decl9$ z unwor?y ( 8 rank1 :5 ! ,emp]or himself /epp$ =w>d & suppli$ ! necess>y aid1 rem>k+1 ',sir1 und]/& t ,i c make ,albre*t a noble l & above y' 7,maximilian _h j rais$ ,albre*t ,du]] to ! rank ( noble ( ! empire71 'b nei!r ,i nor any "o else c make an arti/ l him4' ,we may comp>e ?is /ory ) a simil> & lat] /ory ( ,holbe9 & ,h5ry ,,viii41 & ) ano!r e>li] /ory1 hav+ a slight v>iation1 ( ,titian & ,*>les ,v4 ,! univ]sality ( ! /ory %akes "o's belief 9 its individual application1 b at lea/ ! leg5d1 ) diff]5t names1 rema9s z an indication ( popul> homage to g5ius4 ,:ile execut+ a l>ge am\nt ( "w = ! great t[ns & sov]eign pr9ces ( ,g]many1 "s ( :om 7 said to consult ! pa9t] on _! milit>y op]ations1 rely+ on 8 k ( ma!matics1 & 8 be+ able to apply x to milit>y eng9e]+ & =tification1 ,albre*t ,du]] 0 con/antly improv+ & advanc+ 9 8 art1 lay+ d[n 8 prejudices1 & acquir+ fre% ideas1 z well z fre% in=mation1 accord+ to ! sl[ b sure process ( ! true ,g]man m9d1 till 8 la/ "w 0 incomp>ably 8 be/4 ,g]many 0 !n 9 ! t]rible ?roes ( ! ,re=mation1 & ,albre*t ,du]]1 :o has left u ! portraits ( sev]al ( ! great ,re=m]s1 is believ$ to h be5 no un9t]e/$ spectator ( ! /ruggle1 & to h held1 l 8 fell[-pa9t]1 ,lucas ,crana*--?\gh 9 ,albre*t ,du]]'s case ! *ange 0 nev] op5ly pr(ess$--! doctr9es ( ! ,re=mation4 ,!re is a portrait ( ,albre*t ,du]]1 pa9t$ by himself1 9 8 lat] ye>s4 7,by ! way1 ,albre*t 0 n av]se to pa9t+ 8 own portrait z well z t ( 8 fri5d ,pirkheim]1 & ( mak+ ! fulle/ claim to 8 "w by introduc+ into 8 religi\s & hi/orical pictures 8 own figure hold+ a flag or tablet1 inscrib$ ) 8 "n 9 ! quiet self-ass]tion ( a man :o 0 nei!r a%am$ ( himself1 nor ( any?+ he did47 ,9 t la/ portrait1 ,albre*t is a ?\ghtful1 c>e-worn man1 ) 8 fair locks %orn4 ,"s w attribute ! *ange to ,agnes ,du]]1 b ,i imag9e x proce$s simply f ! noble sc>s ( "w & "t2 & t :5 ,albre*t ,du]] di$ 9 8 fifty-sev5? ye>1 if x 7 9 s\rness & bitt]ness ( _s1 z "s ( 8 biograph]s h /at$1 t s\rness & bitt]ness 7 q z mu* ow+ to ! griev\s tr\bles ( 8 "t & c\ntry1 :i* s l>ge-m9d$ a man 0 sure to lay to he>t1 z to any dome/ic tr\ble4 ,albre*t ,du]] 0 greatly belov$ by 8 own city ( ,nuremb]g1 :]e 8 memory cont9ues to be *]i%$4 ,8 qua9t h\se /ill /&s1 & 8 tomb be>s ! motto ',emigravit1' ',= ! great pa9t] nev] dies4' ,albre*t ,du]]'s "n ranks ) ! names ( ! fir/ pa9t]s ( any "t or c\ntry1 ?\gh 8 "w z a pa9t] 01 z 9 ! case ( ,william ,hog>?1 subs]vi5t to 8 "w z an engrav]4 ,) ! k ( a lat] g5]ation to t ( ! e>lie/ ,italian & ,flemi% pa9t]s1 ,albre*t ,du]] _h mu* ( _! s+l5ess ( purpose1 assiduity ( application1 & pr(\nd feel+4 ,he _h to lab\r aga9/ a t5d5cy to unc\?ness 9 /iff l9es & angul> figures2 to petty elaboration ( details2 & to t grotesqu5ess :i*1 :ile x suit$ 9 "s respects 8 allegorical engrav+s1 m>r$ 8 hi/orical pa9t+s1 s t he 0 kn[n to regret ! wa/$ fanta/ic cr[d+ & confusion ( 8 e>li] "w4 ,f ! ,italians & ,flem+s he le>nt simplicity1 & a m correct s5se ( mat]ial beauty4 ,! purity1 tru?1 & dep? ( ! man's _s1 f :i* ideal beauty proce$s1 no man c\ld add to4 ,among ,albre*t ,du]]'s greate/ pa9t+s are 8 ',adoration ( ! ,tr9ity' at ,vi5na1 8 ',adam & ,eve' at ,flor5ce1 & t la/ picture ( ',! ,apo/les1' pres5t$ by ,albre*t ,du]] to 8 native city1 '9 remembrance ( 8 c>e] z an arti/1 & at ! same "t z convey+ to 8 fell[-citiz5s an e>ne/ & la/+ exhortation suit$ to t /ormy p]iod4' ,! prom95ce giv5 to ! ,bible 9 ! picture1 po9ts to x z ! la/ appeal 9 ! great spiritual /ruggle4 ,) reg>d to ?is noble ma/]ly picture1 ,kugl] has writt51 ',well might ! arti/ n[ close 8 eyes4 ,he _h 9 ?is picture atta9$ ! summit ( art2 "h he /&s side by side ) ! greate/ ma/]s kn[n 9 hi/ory4' ,b ,i pref] to say some?+ ( ,albre*t ,du]]'s engrav+s1 :i* are m *>act]i/ic ( him & f> m widely kn[n ?an 8 pa9t+s2 & to speak fir/ ( ^? two wond]ful & beautiful allegories1 ',knight1 ,dea?1 & ! ,devil1' & ',melancolia4' ,9 ! fir/1 :i* is an embodim5t ( weird ,g]man romance z well z ( high ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! solit>y ,knight1 ) 8 furr[$ face & batt]$ arm\r1 rides /eadfa/ly on ?r\gh ! d>k gl51 unmov$ by 8 grisly companions1 skeleton ,dea? on ! lame horse1 & ! f\l ,fi5d 9 p]son4 ,contra/ ?is sket* & its ?\ghtful t\*+ mean+ ) ! holl[ gha/l9ess ( ,holbe9's ',dance ( ,dea?4' ,9 ',melancolia' a gr& w+$ woman sits absorb$ 9 sorr[ful ?\ght1 :ile surr\nd$ by all ! appliances ( philosophy1 sci5ce1 art1 me*anics1 all ! discov]ies made be=e & 9 ,albre*t ,du]]'s day1 9 ! book1 ! *>t1 ! lev]1 ! cry/al1 ! crucible1 ! plane1 ! hamm]4 ,! int5tion ( ?is picture has be5 disput$1 b ! be/ explanation ( x is t :i* reg>ds ! woman z pond]+ on ! humanly unsolv$ & insoluble my/]y ( ! s9 & sorr[ ( life4 ,9 ?ree l>ge s]ies ( woodcuts1 kn[n z ! ,great] & ! ,less] ,passion ( ! ,"l1 & ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 & tak5 p>tly f sacr$ hi/ory & p>tly f tradition1 ,albre*t ,du]] exce$$ himself 9 true beauty1 simple maje/y1 & pa?os4 ,photographs h spread widely ^! f9e woodcuts1 & !re is1 at lea/1 "o :i* ,i ?9k my read]s may h se51 ',! ,be>+ ( ! ,cross1' 9 :i* ! bless$ ,savi\r s9ks "u 8 burd54 ,9 ! s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 !re is a ',repose 9 ,egypt1' :i* has a naive homel9ess 9 its grace & s]5ity4 ,! woodcut repres5ts a c\rty>d ) a dwell+ built 9 ! ru9s ( an anci5t palace4 ,! ,virg9 sits sp9n+ ) a di/aff & sp9dle beside ! ,holy ,*ild's cradle1 by :i* beautiful angels wor%ip4 ,joseph is busy at 8 c>p5t]'s "w1 & a numb] ( little angels1 9 m]ry sport1 assi/ him ) 8 lab\rs4#ag ,i %all m5tion only "o m "w ( ,albre*t ,du]]'s1 t :i* is kn[n z ! ,emp]or ,maximilian's ,pray] ,book4 ,?is is p5-&-ink sket*es = ! bord]s ( a book 7z ! old missals 7 illum9at$71 :i* are n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y1 ,muni*4 ,9 ^! little draw+s ! fancy ( ! great arti/ held high revel1 by no means conf9+ itself to s]i\s subjects1 su* z apo/les1 monks1 or ev5 m5 9 arm\r1 b indulg+ 9 ! mo/ :imsical vag>ies1 ) reg>d to little ,g]man old wom51 imps1 pip+ squirrels1 ) cocks & h5s hurry+ to li/5 to ! melody4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,lat] ,,italian ,,art--,,giorgione1 #adgg-aeaa--;,,correggio4 ,,ab\t #adic-aecd--,,t9toretto1 #aeab-aegd--,,v]onese1 #aecj-aehh4 ,giorgio ,b>b>elli1 kn[n z ',giorgione1--9 ,italian1 'big1' or1 z ,i h he>d x bett] translat$1 '/rapp+ ,george'--0 born at ,ca/elfranco1 9 ,treviso1 ab\t #adgg1 ! same ye> 9 :i* ,titian 0 born4 ,no?+ is kn[n ( 8 y\? be=e he came to ,v5ice & /udi$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,gian ,bell9i along ) ,titian4 ,! two m5 7 fri5ds 9 ^? days1 b soon qu>rell$1 & ,giorgione's e>ly dea? complet$ _! sep>ation4 ,titian 0 impati5t & arrogant2 ,giorgione seems to h be5 "o ( ^? pr\d1 %y1 s5sitive m5--possibly morbidly s5sitive1 ) :om x is always difficult to deal2 b x is record$ ( him1 z x is n record$ ( 8 great compe]1 t ,giorgione 0 frank & fri5dly z an arti/1 h[ev] moody & fitful he might be z a man4 ,giorgione soon became kn[n4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 he pa9t$ ! facade ( ! h\se :i* he dwelt 91 = an adv]tisem5t ( 8 abilities z a pa9t]1 a device :i* 0 entirely successful 9 procur+ him commissions2 b un=tunately = po/]ity1 ^! 7 frequ5tly to pa9t o!r facades1 sometimes 9 company ) ,titian2 gr& "w1 :i* has inevitably p]i%$1 if n by fire1 by "t & by ! sea-damp ( ,v5ice1 = to ,v5ice ,giorgione belong$1 & !re is no sign t he ev] left x4 ,he _h no s*ool1 & 8 love ( music & society--! la/ ta/e f\nd n seldom1 an app>5t anomaly1 9 sil5t1 brood+ natures--might t5d to )draw him f 8 art4 ,he has left a trace ( 8 love = music 9 8 pictures ( ',conc]ts' & ( ',pa/orals1' 9 :i* musical p]=mances are made prom95t4 ,9 ,giorgione1 ) 8 romantic1 idealiz+ temp]am5t1 g5re#ah pictures took ?is =m1 :ile he is kn[n to h pa9t$ f ,ovid & f ! ,italian tales ( 8 "t4 ,he 0 employ$ frequ5tly to pa9t sc5es on panels1 = ! ri*ly ornam5t$ ,v5etian furniture4 ,giorgione 0 n )\t a b5t to realism 9 8 v idealism1 & is said to h be5 ! fir/ ,italian pa9t] :o 'imitat$ ! real texture ( /uffs & pa9t$ drap]ies f ! actual mat]ial4' ,giorgione di$ at ! e>ly age ( ?irty-?ree ye>s1 9 #aeaa4 ,"o acc\nt repres5ts him z dy+ ( ! plague1 o!rs attribute 8 dea? to a sadd] cause4 ,he is said to h _h a fri5d & fell[-pa9t] :o betray$ _! fri5d%ip1 & c>ri$ (f ! girl :om ,giorgione lov$4 ,/ung to ! quick by ! d\ble falsehood1 ! tradition goes on to /ate t ,giorgione fell into despair ) life & all x held1 & s di$4 ,a portrait ( ,giorgione is 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y2 x is t ( a v h&some be>dless lad1 ') a peculi> melan*oly 9 ! d>k gl[+ eyes4' ,giorgione 01 l ,titian1 gr& & free 9 draw+ & composition1 & sup]b 9 col\r4#ai ,mrs ,jameson has drawn a nice di/9ction betwe5 ! two pa9t]s z col\ri/s4 ,t ! col\rs ( ,giorgione 'appe> z if light$ f )91 & ^? ( ,titian f )\t2' t '! epi!t gl[+ applies be/ to ,giorgione1 t ( gold5 to ,titian4' ,giorgione's hi/oric pictures are r>e1 8 sacr$ pictures r>] /ill2 among ! la/ is a ',f9d+ ( ,moses1' n[ 9 ,milan1 ?us describ$ by ,mrs ,jameson3 ',9 ! c5tre sits ! pr9cess "u a tree2 %e looks ) surprise & t5d]ness on ! *ild1 :i* is br\ght to h] by "o ( h] att5dants2 ! squire1 or s5es*al1 ( ! pr9cess1 ) knights & ladies1 /& ar\nd2 on "o side two lov]s are seat$ on ! grass2 on ! o!r are musicians & s+]s1 pages ) dogs4 ,all ! figures are 9 ! ,v5etian co/ume2 ! col\r+ is spl5did1 & ! grace & h>mony ( ! :ole composition is ev5 ! m en*ant+ f ! naivete ( ! conception4 ,?is picture1 l _m o!rs ( ! same age & /yle1 rem9ds u ( ^? poems & tales ( ! middle ages1 9 :i* ,david & ,jona?an figure z preux *evali]s1 & ,sir ,alex&] ( ,mac$on & ,sir ,p>is ( ,troy fight t\rnam5ts 9 hon\r ( ladies' eyes & ! bless$ ,virg94 ,!y mu/ be tri$ by _! own aim & /&>d1 n by ! sev]ity ( antiqu>ian criticism4' ,9 portraits ,giorgione has only be5 exce$$ by ,titian4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y !re is an unimportant ',/ ,pet] ! ,m>tyr1' & a f9] ',mae/ro di ,capella giv+ a music lesson1' :i* ,kugl] assigns to ,giorgione1 ?\gh x has be5 giv5 else:]e to ,titian4 ,! 'ref9$ voluptu\sness & impassion$ sombr5ess' ( ,giorgione's pa9t+ h in/itut$ a comp>ison betwe5 him & ,"l ,byron z a poet4 ,correggio's real "n 0 ,antonio ,allegri1 & he has 8 popul> "n f 8 bir?-place ( ,correggio1 n[ call$ ,reggio2 al?\gh at "o "t !re exi/$ an impression t ,correggio meant 'correct1' f ! pa9t]'s exce$+ly clev] feats ( =e-%ort5+4 ,8 fa!r is believ$ to h be5 a well-to-d tradesman1 & ! lad is said to h _h an uncle a pa9t]1 :o probably influ5c$ 8 nephew4 ,b ,correggio _h a great] ma/]1 ?\gh b = a v %ort "t1 9 ,&rea ,mantegna1 :o di$ :5 ,correggio 0 /ill a "y boy4 ,mantegna's son kept on 8 fa!r's s*ool1 & f him ,correggio might h receiv$ m regul> in/ruction4 ,he e>ly atta9$ excell5ce1 & 9 ! tee? ( ! leg5ds :i* l+]$ 9 ,p>ma = a full c5tury1 8 g5ius receiv$ prompt notice & patronage4 ,he m>ri$ "y1 & f records :i* h come to light1 he receiv$ a consid]able portion ) 8 wife4 ,! ye> aft] 8 m>riage1 :5 he 0 no m ?an six-&-tw5ty1 ,correggio 0 appo9t$ to pa9t 9 fresco ! cupola ( ! *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni at ,p>ma1 & *ose = 8 subject ! ',asc5sion ( ,*ri/2' = ?is "w & t ( ! ',coronation ( ! ,virg91' pa9t$ ov] ! high alt>1 ,correggio got five hundr$ gold cr[ns1 equival5t to ,l#aejj4 ,he 0 invit$ to ,mantua1 :]e he pa9t$ f ! my?ology = ! ,duke ( ,mantua4 ,inde$1 s f> & wide _h ! pref]5ce = my?ological subjects p5etrat$1 t "o ( ,correggio's e>lie/ works 0 ',diana return+ f ! ,*ase2' pa9t$ = ! decoration ( ! p>l\r ( ! ,abbess ( ! conv5t ( ,san ,paulo1 ,p>ma4 ,correggio 0 a second "t call$ ^u to pa9t a great religi\s "w 9 ,p>ma--?is "t 9 ! ca!dral1 = :i* he select$ ',! ,assumption ( ! ,virg94' ,a few ( ! c>toons = ^! frescoes 7 discov]$ ?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 roll$ up & ly+ =gott5 9 a g>ret 9 ,p>ma2 !y1 are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 #aecc1 ,correggio1 !n resid+ 9 8 native t[n1 0 "o ( ! witnesses to ! m>riage ( 8 sov]eign1 ! ,"l ( ,correggio4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! pa9t] _h engag$ to pa9t an alt>-piece = an employ]1 :o paid ,correggio 9 advance tw5ty-five gold cr[ns1 b ! latt] dy+ v soon aft]w>ds1 9 ! =ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 age1 #aecd1 8 fa!r1 :o 0 /ill alive1 0 9 circum/ances to repay ! advance on ! picture1 :i* _h n be5 pa9t$4 ,correggio is said to h be5 mode/ & retir+ 9 disposition1 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! fact t1 l ,giorgione1 he did n h a s*ool1 has be5 sugge/$ z ! s\rce ( ! traditions :i* prevail$ s long 9 ,italy4 ,^! traditions describ$ ! pa9t] z a man born 9 indig5t circum/ances1 liv+ obscurely 9 spite ( 8 g5ius 7!re is a picture ( ,correggio's 9 ,engl&1 :i* 0 said to h be5 giv5 9 paym5t = 8 ent]ta9m5t at an inn71 & lead+ to ! end a life ( su* ill-requit$ lab\r1 t hav+ be5 paid = 8 la/ picture 9 copp] money1 & be+ "u ! necessity ( c>ry+ x home 9 ord] to relieve ! de/itution ( 8 family1 he broke d[n "u ! burd51 & ov]come by heat & we>9ess1 drank a ra% draught ( wat]1 :i* caus$ fev] & dea?4 ,! /ory1 disprov5 z x is1 is (t5 allud$ to /ill1 & rema9s z a foil to ^? flatt]+ & c\rtly anecdotes :i* ,i h be5 repeat+ ( royal & imp]ial homage paid to ,du]]1 ,titian1 & ,holbe94 ,i fancy ! la/-m5tion$ /ories may h gr[n f small beg9n+s1 & circulat$ purely 9 ! arti/ _w2 b t ! =m] is an utt]ance ( ! engra9$ p]suasion ( ! great _w )\t1 t art z a means ( livelihood is ess5tially non-remun]ative 9 ! s5se ( money-gett+4 ,mode/ z ,correggio may h be51 he 0 n )\t pride 9 8 art4 ,aft] look+ = ! fir/ "t on ! ,/ ,cecilia ( ,raphael1 ,correggio is report$ to h exclaim$ ) exultation1 ',& ,i too am a pa9t]4' ,he left beh9d him on 8 dea? a son & a daught]1 ! =m] liv+ to be a pa9t] ( no great "n4 ,9 ! picture ( ,correggio 9 ! attitude ( pa9t+1 pa9t$ by himself1 we see him a h&some sp>e man ) some?+ ( a romantic cavali] air1 engag$ 9 8 *os5 art4 ,correggio's pictures g to prove t "u 8 seem+ly quiet ext]ior he 0 a man ( ! livelie/ s5sibilities & ! ke5e/ p]ceptions1 ,8 pictures1 unlike ,titian's 9 _! repose1 are full ( motion & excitem5t4 ,correggio is spok5 ( z a pa9t] :o delight$ '9 ! buoyance ( *ildi% glee1 ! bliss ( e>?ly1 ! f]v\r ( heav5ly love1' ^: radiant sph]e ( art sorr[ r>ely cl\d$2 b :5 sorr[ did ent]1 x borr[$ f ! pa9t]'s own quiv]+ he>t ! v %>pness ( angui%4 ,! same au?ority tells u ( ,correggio1 t he has pa9t$ '! v he>t-?robs ( humanity4' ,b x seems z if su* a nature1 ) its self-consci\s veil ( =c$ /illness1 mu/ h _h a t5d5cy to vehem5ce & excess2 & s we he> t ,correggio's =e-%ort5+ 0 sometimes viol5t1 & ! en]gy ( 8 actors spasmodic2 ?us ! cruelly sm>t contempor>y criticism 0 pron\nc$ on 8 frescoes ( ! ',assumption ( ! ,virg91' 9 :i* legs & arms 9 wild play are *iefly conspicu\s f bel[1 t ,correggio _h prep>$ = ! ,p>mese 'a fricassee ( frogs4' ,9 addition1 ! great mod]n critic1 ,mr ,rusk91 has boldly accus$ ,correggio 'bo? ( weakness & m]etrici\sness1' & !re is ?is to be said ( a nature s highly /rung z ,correggio's 0 /rung1 t x 0 n a heal?ily balanc$ nature4 ,b if ! pa9t] 7 really inf]ior 9 8 s5se ( =m & expression to 8 great pr$ecessors1 he 0 s great 9 "o dep>tm5t1 t 9 x he 0 held wor?y1 n only to f\nd ! s*ool ( ,p>ma1 b to be class$ ) ! fir/ f\r pa9t]s ( ,italy4 ,t *i>ascuro1 or treatm5t ( light & %ade1 9 :i* ,lion>do & ,&rea ,mantegna 7 no mean pr(ici5ts1 0 br\ght to su* p]fection by ,correggio1 t1 z ,mrs ,jameson has s\ght to illu/rate te*nical expressions1 'y seem to look ?r\gh4 ,correggio's %ad[s1 & to see beyond !m ! g5u9e texture ( ! fle%4' ,9 undulat+ grace ( motion1 9 melt+ s(tness ( outl9e1 fix$ on a canvas1 he surpass$ all rivals1 includ+ ,raphael2 & ?is widely attractive quality 7'lusci\s ref9em5t1' ,mr ,rusk9 t]ms x7 9 connection ) ,correggio's ard5t1 if undiscipl9$ s5sibility1 has r5d]$ him "o ( ! mo/ valu$ ( pa9t]s2 8 be/ pa9t+s be+ highly priz$ & co/ly z ! easel pictures attribut$ to ,raphael4 ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell writes t an old ,duke ( ,mod5a 0 suspect$ ( hav+ caus$ ,correggio's ',notte' to be /ol5 f a *ur* at ,reggio1 & t ! pr9ces ( ,e/e 7 wont to c>ry ',! ,magdal5e ,read+' ) !m on _! j\rneys1 :ile ! k+ ( ,pol& kept x "u lock & key 9 a frame ( jewell$ silv]4 ,among ,correggio's ma/]pieces1 besides 8 frescoes1 !re is at ,p>ma 8 picture call$ ',day1' f ! broad flood ( daylight 9 ! picture 7& d\btless 9 contra/ to 8 fam\s ',notte' or ',night1' 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y74 ,"h is a ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) ,/ ,j]ome pres5t+ to !m 8 translation ( ! ,scriptures1 & ! ,magdal5e b5d+ to kiss 9 adoration ! feet ( ! infant ,savi\r4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y 9 addition to ! ',notte' are five pictures1 "o ( ! m>riage ( ,/ ,ca!r9e z ! ,*ur*--! bride1 esp\s$ ) a r+ to ! infant ,savi\r1 a fav\rite subject ( ,italian pa9t]s1 & a specially fav\rite subject ) ,correggio2 & ano!r1 ! ,magdal5e read+1 half %r\d$ ) h] fl[+ hair1 s well kn[n by engrav+s4 ,i mu/ say a few m words ( ! ',notte1'--x is a nativity illum9at$ entirely by ! une>?ly glory %9+ f ! ,*ild ,*ri/4 ,virg9 & ,*ild are ba!d & half lo/ 9 ! fair radiance1 :i* falls s(tly on a %eph]d & maid51 leav+ ! re/ ( ! figures1 ! /all$ bea/s1 & ! surr\nd+s ( ! /able1 9 dim %ad[4 ,9 our ,national ,gall]y !re are f9e specim5s ( ,correggio4 ,!re is an ',ecce ,homo'3 ,*ri/ cr[n$ ) ?orns1 hold+ out 8 b\nd h&s1 ) a ,roman soldi] s(t5+ into pity1 ,pilate h>d5+ 9 indiff]5ce1 & ! ,virg9 fa9t+ ) sorr[4 ,!re are also '! ,virg9 ) ! ,basket1' s nam$ f ! little basket 9 front ( ! picture2 & 'a ,holy ,family2' & !re is a highly-e/eem$ picture f a my?ological subject1 ',m]cury tea*+ ,cupid to read 9 ! pres5ce ( ,v5us4' ,we mu/ return to ! ,v5ice ( ,titian1 & see h[ 8 successors1 ) mu* m ( ! true pa9t] 9 !m ?an ! fa/ deg5]at+ s*ol>s ( o!r ,italian s*ools1 7 m]e m51 if great m51 mat*$ ) ,titian4 ,t9toretto is only ,t9toretto or ,t9toret because 8 fa!r 0 a dy]1 & ',il ,t9toretto' is 9 ,italian1 '! little dy]4' ,t9toretto's real "n 0 "o m 9 keep+ ) 8 pret5sions1 ,jacopo ,robu/i4 ,he 0 born 9 ,v5ice1 9 #aeab1 & e>ly =e-%ad[$ 8 future c>e] by draw+ all k9ds ( objects on ! walls ( 8 fa!r's dye-h\se1 an ex]cise :i* did n (f5d or dismay ! eld] ,robu/i1 b1 on ! contr>y1 induc$ him to put ! boy into ! s*ool ( ,titian1 :]e ,t9toretto only rema9$ a %ort "t4 ,titian did n *oose to imp>t :at c\ld be imp>t$ ( 8 art to 8 s*ol>s1 &1 9 all probability1 ,t9toretto 0 no def]5tial & submissive s*ol>4 ,!re is a tradition t ,titian expell$ ?is s*ol> f 8 academy1 say+ ( ! dy]'s son1 t 'he w\ld nev] be any?+ b a daub]4' ,t9toret 0 n to be daunt$4 ,he liv$ to be a bold-temp]$1 da%+ man1 & he mu/ h be5 defiant1 ev5 9 8 boyhood1 z he 0 swagg]+ 9 8 y\?1 :5 he set up an academy ( 8 own1 & inscrib$ above ! door1 ',! draw+ ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ! col\r+ ( ,titian4' ,he _h /udi$ & taught himself f ca/s & !ories s9ce he left ! s*ool ( ,titian1 & !n1 ) worldly wisdom equal to 8 d>+1 he comm5c$ 8 arti/ic c>e] by accept+ e commission1 good or bad1 & tak+ :at pay he c\ld get = 8 "w2 b1 un=tunately = him & = ! _w1 he execut$ 8 "w1 z might h be5 expect$1 9 ! same headlong1 indiscrim9ate _s1 acquir+ ! "n ( ',il ,furioso' f ! rapidity & recklessness ( 8 mann] ( pa9t+4 ,(t5 he did n ev5 give himself ! tr\ble ( mak+ any sket* or design ( 8 pictures be=eh&1 b compos$ z he pa9t$4 ,self-confid5t to presumption1 he took = 8 inspirations ! m]e/ impulses1 & consid]ably m>r$ ! effect ( 8 unque/ionably gr& g5ius by gross ha/e & c>elessness4 ,he 0 a successful man 9 8 day1 z s en]getic & unscrupul\s a man 0 likely en\gh to be1 & 8 fell[-citiz5s1 :o saw pr9cipally on ! surface1#bj 7 *>m$ beyond measure by 8 trem5d\s capacity = inv5tion1 8 dramatic vig\r1 8 gorge\s1 rampant ri*ness & gl>e2 or1 by contra/1 8 dead dulness ( ornam5t & col\r+2 & 7 n too greatly (f5d$ by 8 occasional untru?fulness 9 draw+ & col\r+1 & ! inequality ( 8 c>eless1 slov5ly1 p[]ful a*ievem5ts4 ,yet ev5 ,t9toret's fasc9at$ contempor>ies said ( him t he 'us$ ?ree p5cils3 "o gold1 "o silv]1 "o lead4' ,naturally ,t9toretto pa9t$ an imm5se numb] ( pictures1 to only ?ree ( :i*1 h[ev]1 he app5d$ 8 "n4 ,^! 71 ',! ,crucifixion1' & ',! ,miracle ( ! ,slave1' two ( fifty-sev5 pictures :i* he pa9t$ = ! s*ool ( ,/ ,ro* alone1 9 ,v5ice2 ! o!r 0 ! ',m>riage at ,cana1' 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia della ,saluto1 ,v5ice4 ,!re is an au!ntic /ory told ( ,t9toretto 9 8 age1 :i* is 9 t\*+ contra/ to :at is o!rwise kn[n ( ! man4 ,dom9ico1 :o 0 a pa9t]1 ,t9toret _h a daught]1 ,m>ietta1 v de> to him1 :o 0 also a pa9t]--inde$1 s gift$ a portrait pa9t]1 z to h be5 repeat$ly invit$ to =eign c\rts to practise h] art1 invitations :i* %e decl9$1 because %e w\ld n be p>t$ f h] fa!r4 ,to ,t9toret's great grief1 ?is daught] di$ z %e 0 ?irty ye>s ( age1 & h] fa!r 0 9 8 sev5ty-eigh? ye>4 ,:5 h] end 0 unmi/akably ne>1 ! old man took bru% & canvas & /ruggl$ desp]ately to pres]ve a la/ impression ( ! belov$ *ild's face1 ov] :i* dea? 0 ca/+ its %ad[4 ,t9toretto di$ f\r ye>s lat]1 9 #aeid4 ,8 portrait is t ( a man :o holds 8 head high & resolutely2 he has1 /range to say1 a some:at commonplace face1 ) its massive nose1 full eye1 %ort curly be>d & hail4 ,! =ehead is n v broad1 b ! head is 'long1' z ,scot* p say1 & !y c\nt long-head$ness n only an indication ( self-e/eem1 b ( practical %rewdness4 ,t9toret's p[] 0 native1 & _h receiv$ little tra9+2 x is a pro( ( ! /r5g? ( t p[] t he c\ld n qu5* x4 ,8 faults1 z a pa9t]1 ,i h already _h to *ronicle 9 ! sket* ( ! man4 ,he 0 greate/ on l>ge canvases1 :]e 8 recklessness 0 lo/ 9 8 /r5g?2 & 9 portraits1 :]e 8 quickness 9 seiz+ /rik+ traits m ?an equall$ t rapidity ( conclusion 9 realiz+1 & /ill m notably 9 classify+1 "*1 :i*1 to say ! lea/1 is liable to error4 ,ev5 be=e ,t9toretto liv$ sacr$ subjects & art _h entirely *ang$ places4 ,9 ! days ( ,fra ,angelico & ! ,van ,eycks1 art 0 ! means by :i* pa9t]s br\ght be=e m5 sacr$ subjects1 to ^: design pa9t]s look$ ) m or less ( conviction & feel+4 ,by ! "t t ,t9toret pa9t$1 sacr$ subjects 7 ! means by :i* pa9t]s %[$ _! art2 means1 ! design ( :i* 0 l>gely lo/ sight (1 & :i* might be freely tortur$ & twi/$1 falsifi$1 well-nigh burlesqu$1 if1 by s do+1 pa9t]s c\ld bett] display _! orig9ality1 skill1 & ma/]y ( te*nicalities4 ,sacr$ subjects _h become m & m human 9 ! l[] s5se1 & less & less div9e4 ,a man :o _h s little rev]5ce z ,t9toret %[$ = 8 own high] self1 8 fell[-m51 & 8 art1 w\ld sc>cely seem well qualifi$ to take up sacr$ subjects4 ,b criticism is entirely & hopelessly divid$ on ! "q1 = :ile "s au?orities hold t he made ( ! awful sc5e ( ! ,crucifixion a m]ely hi/orical & decid$ly !atrical procession1 o!r au?orities ma9ta9 t he pres]v$ 9 t 'great composition' 'repose & dignity1 solemnity & rev]5ce4' ,"h is ,m4 ,*>les ,blanc1 ! ,fr5* art critic's op9ion ( ,t9toret's l>ge/ "w1 sev5ty-f\r feet 9 l5g? & ?irty feet 9 height3 ,! ,glory ( ,p>adise1 9 ! great hall or ?rone-room ( ! ,doge's ,palace3-- ',if ! %ad[s _h n become s black1 su* a picture w\ld h _h some?+ ( sublimity2 b t sky1 )\t transp>5cy1 ! lights ( :i*1 ev51 are ( a burnt & bak$ col\r1 has r ! air ( a lit-up ,erebus ?an ( a ,p>adise4 ,f\r hundr$ figures are 9 motion 9 ?is va/ enclosure1 "s nak$1 o!rs drap$1 b drap$ uni=mly 9 a />+ r$ or a h>d blue1 :i* =m z _m spots1 9 "s sort symmetrical4 ,! mann] is quick2 a little loose1 b confid5t4 ,! models are nei!r tak5 f nature nor f ! ideal1 !y are drawn f practice1 & are 9 g5]al only turns ( ! head1 )\t beauty & )\t delicacy4 ,! angels are agitat$ l demons2 & ! :ole--co>se en\gh 9 execution z 9 ?\ght1 is impos+ nev]!less by mass1 movem5t1 & numb]4 ,x is ! /rik+ image ( a multitude 9 ! air1 a r\t 9 ! heav5s1 or r 9 purgatory4' ,"h1 aga91 is ,mr ,rusk9's unequall$ e/imate ( ,t9toret's works3 ',i %\ld exhau/ ! pati5ce ( ! read] if ,ion ! v>i\s /up5d\s developm5ts ( ! imag9ation ( ,t9toret 9 ! ,scuola di ,san ,rocco alone4 ,i w\ld fa9 jo9 a:ile 9 t solemn pause ( ! j\rney into ,egypt1 :]e ! silv] b\ghs ( ! %ad[y trees lace ) _! tremul\s l9es ! alt]nate folds ( fair cl\d1 flu%$ by fa9t crimson light1 & lie across ! /reams ( blue betwe5 ^? rosy isl&s l ! :ite wakes ( w&]+ %ips2 or wat* beside ! sleep ( ! disciples among ^? mossy leaves t lie s heavily on ! dead ( ! night b5ea? ! desc5t ( ! angel ( ! agony1 & toss fe>fully above ! motion ( ! tor*es z ! troop ( ! betray] em]ges out ( ! holl[s ( ! olives2 or wait ?r\gh ! h\r ( accus+ beside ! judgm5t-seat ( ,pilate1 :]e all is unse51 unfelt1 except ! "o figure t /&s ) its head b[$ d[n1 pale l ! pill> ( moonlight1 half ba!d 9 ! glory ( ! ,godhead1 half wrapt 9 ! :it5ess ( ! %r\d4 ,( ^! & all o!r ?\ghts ( indescribable p[] t are n[ fad+ f ! walls ( ^? neglect$ *amb]s1 ,i may p]haps endeav\r at a future "t to pres]ve "s image & %ad[ m fai?fully ?an by words2 b ,i %all at pres5t t]m9ate our s]ies ( illu/rations by ref]5ce to a "w ( less t\*+1 b m trem5d\s appeal2 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia dell' ,orto4' ',by ,t9toret only has ?is unimag9able ev5t be5 grappl$ ) 9 its v]ity2 n typically1 nor symbolically1 b z !y may see x :o %all n sleep1 b be *ang$4 ,only "o traditional circum/ance he has receiv$ ) ,dante & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ! ,boat ( ! ,condemn$2 b ! impetuosity ( 8 m9d bur/s out ev5 9 ! adoption ( ?is image2 he has n /opp$ at ! sc[l+ f]ryman ( ! "o1 nor at ! sweep+ bl[ & demon-dragg+ ( ! o!r2 b1 seiz$ ,hylas-l by ! limbs1 & te>+ up ! e>? 9 8 agony1 ! victim is da%$ into 8 de/ruction2 nor is x ! sluggi% ,le!1 nor ! fi]y lake1 t be>s ! curs$ vessel1 b ! oceans ( ! e>? & ! wat]s ( ! firmam5t ga!r$ into "o :ite1 gha/ly cat>act2 ! riv] ( ! wra? ( ,god1 ro>+ d[n into ! gulf :]e ! _w has melt$ ) its f]v5t heat1 *ok$ ) ! ru9 ( nations1 & ! limbs ( its corpses toss$ out ( its :irl+ l wat]-:eels4 ,bat-l1 out ( ! holes1 & cav]ns1 & %ad[s ( ! e>?1 ! bones ga!r1 & ! clay-heaps heave1 rattl+ & adh]+ into half-knead$ anatomies1 t crawl1 & />tle1 & /ruggle up among ! putrid we$s1 ) ! clay cl++ to _! clott$ hair1 & _! heavy eyes seal$ by ! e>? d>kness yet1 l 8 ( old :o w5t 8 way unsee+ to ! ,siloam pool2 %ak+ (f "o by "o ! dreams ( ! prison-h\se1 h>dly he>+ ! clang\r ( ! trumpets ( ! armies ( ,god2 bl9d$ yet m1 z !y awake1 by ! :ite light ( ! new heav51 until ! great vortex ( ! f\r w9ds be>s up _! bodies to ! judgm5t-seat2 ! ,firmam5t is all full ( !m1 a v du/ ( human s\ls1 t drifts1 & floats1 & falls 9 ! int]m9able1 inevitable light2 ! bright cl\ds are d>k5$ ) !m z ) ?ick sn[2 curr5ts ( atom life 9 ! art]ies ( heav51 n[ so>+ up sl[ly1 & high] & high] /ill1 till ! eye & ?\ght c foll[ no f>!r1 borne up1 w+less1 by _! inw>d fai?1 & by ! angel p[]s invisible1 n[ hurl$ 9 c\ntless drifts ( horror be=e ! brea? ( _! condemnation4' ,!re is only "o little "w1 ( small consequ5ce1 by ,t9toretto 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 b !re are ne>ly a doz5 9 ! ,royal ,gall]ies1 z ,*>les ,i4 0 an admir] & buy] ( ',t9torettos4' ,two ,t9torettos :i* belong$ to ,k+ ,*>les ,i1 are at ,hampton ,c\rt2 ! "o is ',e/h] fa9t+ be=e ,ahasu]us1' & ! o!r ! ',n9e ,muses4' ,) ano!r ',e/h]' ,i h be5 famili> f *ildhood by an old engrav+4 ,9 ! cong5ial to ,t9toret1 & he has c]ta9ly revell$ 9 ! sumptu\sness ( ! mighty ,ea/]n tyrant1 9 royal mantle & erm9e tippet1 seat$ on 8 ?rone1 & /ret*+ 8 jewell$ sceptre to ,e/h]1 :o is 9 ! ri* co/ume ( a ,v5etian lady ( ! p]iod1 & s9k+ into ! arms ( h] wat*ful maids1 ) a fair baby face1 & little helpless h&s1 hav+ da9ty frills r\nd ! wri/s1 :i* sc>cely answ] to our notion ( ! attributes ( ! magnanim\s1 if meek1 ,jewi% h]o9e4 ,paul ,cagli>i ( ,v]ona is f> bett] kn[n z ,paul ,v]onese4 ,he 0 born 9 ,v]ona 9 #aecj1 & 0 ! son ( a sculptor4 ,he 0 taught by 8 fa!r to draw & model1 b ab&on$ sculpture = ! si/] art ( pa9t+1 :i* 0 m ak9 to 8 ta/es1 & :i* he foll[$ 9 ! /udio ( an uncle :o 0 a fair pa9t]4 ,quitt+ ,v]ona1 ,paul ,v]onese repair$ to ,v5ice1 /udy+ ! works ( ,titian & ,t9toret1 & settl+ 9 _! city1 f9d+ no want ( patronage ev5 9 a field s fully appropriat$ be=e he came to take 8 place !re4 ,8 fir/ great "w 0 ! pa9t+ ( ! *ur* ( ,/ ,seba/ian1 ) sc5es f ! hi/ory ( ,e/h]4 ,:e!r he *ose ! subject or :e!r x 0 assign$ to him1 x belong$ ev5 m to him ?an to ,t9toret1 = ,v]onese 0 ! mo/ magnific5t ( ! magnific5t ,v5etian pa9t]s4 ,f t date he 0 kept 9 con/ant employm5t by ! weal?y & luxuri\s ,v5etians4 ,he visit$ ,rome 9 ! suite ( ! ,v5etian ambassador 9 #aefc1 :5 he 0 9 8 ?irty-f\r? ye>1 & he 0 invit$ to ,spa9 to assi/ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,escurial by ,philip ,,ii41 b refus$ ! invitation4 ,v]onese is said to h be5 a man ( k9dly _s1 g5]\s & dev\t4 ,9 pa9t+ = *ur*es & conv5ts1 he w\ld cons5t to receive ! smalle/ remun]ation1 sometimes n m ?an ! price ( 8 col\rs & canvas4 ,= 8 f9e picture n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! ',m>riage ( ,cana1' he is believ$ n to h _h m ?an =ty p\nds 9 our money4 ,he di$ :5 he 0 b fifty-eight ye>s ( age1 9 #aehh4 ,he _h m>ri$ & left sons :o 7 pa9t]s1 & work$ ) _! fa!r4 ,he _h a bro!r1 ,b5$otto1 :o 0 also a pa9t]1 & :o is ?\ght to h pa9t$ _m ( ! ar*itectural backgr\nds to ,v]onese's pictures4 ,v]onese's portrait1 :i* he has left u1 gives ! idea ( a m e>ne/ & impressionable man ?an ,t9toret4 ,a man 9 middle age1 bald-head$1 ) a furr[$ br[1 *eeks a little holl[$1 head slightly ?r[n back1 & a some:at anxi\s z well z int5t expression ( face2 :at ( ! dress is se51 be+ a pla9 d\blet ) turn$-ov] coll>1 & a cloak arrang$ 9 a fold across ! brea/1 & hang+ ov] ! "r %\ld] l a %eph]d's 'maud' or plaid4 ,look+ at ! engrav+1 & he>+ ( ,paul ,v]onese's amiability & piety1 "o has little difficulty 9 ?9k+ ( ! magnific5t pa9t]1 z a s+le-he>t$1 simple-m9d$ man1 nei!r va9 nor boa/ful1 nor ma/]ful save by ! gift ( g5ius4 ,i h call$ ,paul ,v]onese a magnific5t pa9t]1 & magnific5ce is ! great attribute ( 8 /yle2 b be=e go+ f>!r into 8 m]its & defects1 ,i %\ld l to quote to y a passage f ,mr ,rusk91 ! mo/ eloqu5t & dogmatic ( art critics1 prefac+ ! passage ) ! /atem5t t ! true lesson :i* x tea*es is p>ticul>ly ne$ful = wom51 :o1 if !y love art at all1 are apt to reg>d x *iefly = its s5tim5t1 & to und]value su* prop] pa9t]'s "w1 su* bread? & afflu5ce & glory ( h&l+1 z are to be met ) on ! canvases ( pa9t]s l ,v]onese & ,rub5s4 ',b ,i p]ceive a t5d5cy among "s ( ! m ?\ghtful critics ( ! day to =get ! bus9ess ( a pa9t] is to pa9t1 & s altoge!r to despise ^? m51 ,v]onese & ,rub5s = in/ance1 :o 7 pa9t]s1 p> excell5ce1 & 9 :om ! expressional qualities are subord9ate4 ,n[ x is well1 :5 we h /rong moral or poetical feel+ manife/$ 9 pa9t+1 to m>k ?is z ! be/ "p ( ! "w2 b x is n well to consid] z a ?+ ( small acc\nt ! pa9t]'s language 9 :i* t feel+ is convey$2 = if t language be n good & lovely1 ! man may inde$ be a j morali/ or a great poet1 b he is n a pa9t]1 & x 0 wrong ( him to pa9t4' ,x 0 said ( ,paul ,v]onese1 t :ile he _h n '! brilliance & dep? ( ,titian' or ! 'prodigi\s facility' ( ,t9toret1 yet1 9 "s respects1 ,v]onese surpass$ bo?4 ,b he 0 c]ta9ly defici5t 9 a s5se ( suitability & probability4 ,he1 ( all pa9t]s1 c>ri$ to an outrage\s ext5t ! practice1 :i* ,i h def5d$ 9 "s degree1 ( pa9t+ sacr$ & hi/orical subjects z if !y _h happ5$ 9 8 own day & city4 ,he violat$ ta/e & ev5 reason 9 pa9t+ e sc5e1 l(ty or humble1 sacr$ or pr(ane1 alike1 ) ! pomp ( spl5d\r & ri*ness ( ornam5t :i* 7 ! fa%ion ( ! "t2 b he _h a vivid p]ception ( "*1 & a c]ta9 greatness ( m9d :i* r$eem$ 8 ple?ora ( gorge\sness f monotony or vulg>ity4 ,v]onese is report$ to h be5 f> m correct & c>eful 9 draw+ ?an 0 ,t9toret1 :ile ,v]onese's prodigality ( col\r 0 a mell[$ v]sion ( ,t9toret's gl>e or deadness4 ,"o ( ,v]onese's be/ pictures is ! ',m>riage ( ,cana1' pa9t$ orig9ally = ! refectory ( ! conv5t ( ,san ,giorgio1 ,v5ice1 & n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ',x is n less ?an ?irty feet long & tw5ty feet high1 & conta9s ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty figures1 life size4 ,! ,m>riage ,fea/ ( ! ,galilean citiz5 is repres5t$ ) a pomp wor?y ( ,ormuz or ( ,ind4 ,a sumptu\s hall ( ! ri*e/ ar*itecture2 l(ty columns1 long l9es ( m>ble balu/rades ris+ aga9/ ! sky2 a cr[d ( gue/s spl5didly attir$1 "s we>+ ord]s ( knigh?ood1 are seat$ at tables cov]$ ) gorge\s vases ( gold & silv]1 att5d$ by slaves1 je/]s1 pages1 & musicians4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is dazzl+ pomp1 ?is display ( fe/ive enjoym5t1 ^! mov+ figures1 ^! lavi% col\rs 9 gl[+ approximation1 we beg9 aft] a :ile to di/+ui% ! pr9cipal p]sonages1 our ,savi\r1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! twelve ,apo/les1 m+l$ ) ,v5etian s5ators & ladies1 clo!d 9 ! ri* co/ume ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 monks1 fri>s1 poets1 arti/s1 all portraits ( p]sonages exi/+ 9 8 own "t2 :ile 9 a gr\p ( musicians he has introduc$ himself & ,t9toretto play+ ! violoncello1 :ile ,titian plays ! bass4 ,! bride 9 ?is picture is said to be ! portrait ( ,eleanor ( ,au/ria1 ! si/] ( ,*>les ,v1 & second wife ( ,francis ,i4'#ba ,?\gh ,v]onese is n greatly e/eem$ z a portrait pa9t]1 x s happ5s t ! highly-priz$ picture ( 8 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 call$ ',! ,family ( ,d>ius be=e ,alex&]1' is und]/ood to be family portraits ( ! ,pisani family 9 ! *>act]s ( ,alex&]1 ! ,p]sian que51 etc41 etc4 ,ano!r ( ,v]onese's pictures 9 ! ,national ,gall]y is ',! ,consecration ( ,/ ,ni*olas1 ,bi%op ( ,myra4' ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,c>racci1 #aeee-afji--;,,guido ,,r5i1 #aege-afdb--;,,dom5i*9o1 #aeha-afda--,,salvator ,,rosa1 #afae-afgc4 ,9 ! fall+ away ( ! s*ools ( ,italy1 & especially ( ! foll[]s ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael1 into mann]ism & exagg]ation1 fitly express$ 9 del9eation ( hea!n gods & goddesses1 !re arose a clu/] ( pa9t]s 9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy :o _h consid]able influ5ce on art4 ,! ,c>racci includ$ a gr\p ( pa9t]s1 ! f\nd]s ( ! lat] ,bolognese ,s*ool4 ,lodovico1 ! eld] ( ! ?ree1 0 born at ,bologna1 #aeee4 ,he 0 educat$ z a pa9t]1 & 0 s sl[ 9 8 education1 t he receiv$ f 8 fell[-s*ol>s ! nickname ( ',il ,bue' 7! ox74 ,b 8 p]sev]ance surm\nt$ e ob/acle4 ,he visit$ ! diff]5t ,italian t[ns1 & /udi$ ! works ( art :i* conta9$1 arriv+ at ! conclusion t he might acquire & comb9e ! excell5ces ( ea*4 ,?is comb9ation1 :i* c\ld only be a spl5did pat*-"w )\t unity1 0 ! great aim ( 8 life1 & 0 ! orig9 ( ! t]m eclectic appli$ to 8 s*ool4 ,its :ole t5d5cy 0 to te*nical excell5ce1 & 9 ?is t5d5cy1 h[ev] x might a*ieve its end1 pa9t+ %[$ a m>k$ decl9e4 ,z an example ( ! motives & objects suppli$ by ! s*ool1 ,i mu/ borr[ "s l9es f a sonnet ( ! p]iod writt5 by ,ago/9o ,c>racci3 ',let him1 :o a good pa9t] w\ld be1 ,acquire ! draw+ ( ,rome1 ,v5etian action1 & ,v5etian %ad[1 ,& ! dignifi$ col\r+ ( ,lomb>dy1 ,! t]rible mann] ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,titian's tru? & nature1 ,! sov]eign purity ( ,correggio's /yle1 ,& ! true symmetry ( ,raphael2 99 99 99 99 99 ,& a little ( ,p>megiano'a grace1 ,b )\t s mu* /udy & toil1 ,let him only apply himself to imitate ! works ,:i* our ,niccol9o has left u "h4' ,lodovico op5$ a s*ool ( pa9t+ at ,bologna1 9 :i* he 0 = a "t l>gely assi/$ by 8 c\s9s4 ,he di$ #afai4 ,ago/9o ,c>racci1 c\s9 ( ,lodovico1 0 born at ,bologna 9 #aeei4 ,8 fa!r 0 a tailor1 & ,ago/9o himself began life z a jewell]4 ,he became a pa9t] & an engrav] 9 turn1 devot+ himself *iefly to engrav+4 ,t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury he 0 ) 8 m fam\s bro!r1 ,annibale1 at ,rome1 :]e he assi/$ 9 pa9t+ ! ,f>nese ,gall]y1 design+ & execut+ ! two frescoes ( ,galatea & ,aurora ) su* success1 accord+ to 8 contempor>ies1 t x 0 popul>ly said t '! engrav] _h surpass$ ! pa9t] 9 ! ,f>nese4' ,jeal\sy arose betwe5 ! bro!rs 9 consequ5ce1 & !y sep>at$1 n be=e ,annibale _h p]petrat$ ^u ,ago/9o a small1 b malici\s1 practical joke1 :i* has be5 h&$ d[n to u4 ,ago/9o 0 fond ( ! society ( p ( rank1 & ,annibale1 aw>e ( 8 bro!r's weakness1 took ! opportunity1 :5 ,ago/9o 0 surr\nd$ by "s ( 8 ari/ocratic fri5ds1 to pres5t him ) a c>icature ( ! two bro!rs' fa!r & "m1 engag$ 9 _! tailor+ "w4 ,ago/9o di$ at ,p>ma :5 he 0 a little ov] =ty1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ca!dral !re1 9 #afjb4 ,annibale1 ,ago/9o's y\ng] bro!r1 0 born 9 #aefj4 ,x 0 int5d$ by 8 p>5ts t he %\ld foll[ _! trade & be a tailor1 b he 0 p]suad$ by 8 c\s9 ,lodovico to become a pa9t]4 ,aft] visit+ ,p>ma1 ,v5ice1 & ,bologna1 he work$ ) 8 c\s9 & tea*] = t5 ye>s4 ,annibale 0 invit$ to ,rome by ! ,c>d9al ,odo>do ,f>nese1 to decorate ! great hall ( 8 palace 9 ! ,piazza ,f>nese1 ) sc5es f ! hea!n my?ology1 = :i* "w he receiv$ a mon?ly sal>y ( t5 scudi1 ab\t two gu9eas1 ) ma9t5ance = himself & two s]vants1 & a f>!r gift ( five hundr$ scudi4 ,x 0 a p>simoni\s paym5t1 & ! p>simony is said to h prey$ on ! m9d & affect$ ! heal? ( ,annibale1 & a visit to ,naples1 :]e he1 9 common ) n a few arti/s1 suff]$ f ! jeal\s p]secutions ( ! ,neapolitan pa9t]s1 complet$ ! break+ up ( 8 con/itution4 ,he pa9t$1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,albani1 ! frescoes 9 ! *apel ( ,san ,diego 9 ,san ,giacomo degli ,spagnole1 & press$ ^u 8 assi/ant m ?an half ( 8 pay4 ,annibale's heal? _h already giv5 way1 & aft] a long illness he di$1 :5 =ty-n9e ye>s ( age1 at ,rome1 #afji1 & 0 buri$ ne> ,raphael 9 ! ,pan!on4 ,! m]it ( ! ,c>racci lay 9 _! p[] ( execution1 & 9 a c]ta9 'bold naturalism1 or r animalism1' :i* !y add$ to _! able imitations1 = _! pictures are n s mu* _! own1 z ',aft] ,titian1' ',aft] ,correggio1' etc4 ,9 ?is int5t reg>d to /yle1 & ?is p]fect+ ( means to an end1 ?\ght & 9 a mann] neglect$4 ,yet to ! ,c>racci1 & _! s*ool1 is ow+ a c]ta9 /udi$ air ( solemnity & sadness 9 ',ecce ,homos1' & ',pietas1' :i*1 9 proportion to its art1 has a p[]ful effect on _m behold]s1 :o pref] conv5tionality to fre$om2 or r1 :o fail to di/+ui% conv5tionality 9 its traces4 ,annibale 0 ! mo/ orig9al :ile ! lea/ le>n$ ( ! ,c>racci2 yet1 ev5 ( ,annibale1 x c\ld be said t he lack$ en?usiasm 9 8 subjects4 ,8 be/ productions are 8 my?ological subjects 9 ! ,f>nese ,palace4 ,a celebrat$ picture ( 81 t ( ! ',?ree ,m>ys' 7a dead ,*ri/1 ! ,madonna1 & ! two o!r ,m>ys71 is at ,ca/le ,h[>d1 & has be5 exhibit$ at ,man*e/]1 & ,i ?9k also at ,le$s4 ,at ,man*e/] x attract$ ! greate/ att5tion & admiration4 ,i believe ?is 0 n only because ,annibale ,c>racci 9 ! ',?ree ,m>ys' does atta9 to a mo/ pite\s m\rnfulness ( s5tim5t1 b because su* "w z t ( ! ,c>racci f9ds readie/ acceptance f a g5]al public1 :i* delights 9 /rik+1 sup]ficial effects4 ,! same reason1 9 conjunction ) ! decl9e ( ,italian art1 may acc\nt = ! great numb] ( ! ,c>racci s*ool & foll[]s4 ,annibale ,c>racci 0 "o ( ! fir/ :o practis$ l&scape pa9t+ & g5re pictures1 su* z ',! ,gre$y ,eat]1' z sep>ate bran*es ( art4 ,two ( ,annibale's l&scapes are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,guido ,r5i1 commonly call$ ',guido1' 0 born at ,bologna1 #aege4 ,8 fa!r 0 a musician1 & ,guido 0 int5d$ = ! same call+1 b f9ally became a pa9t] & /ud5t 9 ! s*ool ( ! ,c>racci4 ,he foll[$ ,annibale ,c>racci to ,rome1 & dwelt !re = tw5ty ye>s4 ,he obta9$ great repute & fav\r1 b tak+ (f5ce at "s suppos$ inju/ice1 he left ,rome1 & settl$ at la/ 9 ,bologna1 :]e he e/abli%$ a l>ge s*ool4 ,?\gh he made great sums ( money1 :i* might h enabl$ him to live 9 ! spl5d\r :i* he covet$1 on acc\nt ( 8 addiction to gambl+ & 8 grossly extravagant habits1 he 0 con/antly 9 debt1 & driv5 to tax 8 g5ius to ! utmo/1 & to sell its fruits = :at !y w\ld br+1 irrespective ( :at he ow$ to himself1 8 art1 & to ! giv] ( all good gifts4 ,he di$ at ,bologna1 & 0 buri$ ) mu* pomp 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,dom9ico1 #afdb4 ,( ,guido we he> t he _h ?ree /yles3 ! fir/1 aft] ! vigor\s mann] ( ,mi*ael ,angelo2 ! second1 9 ! prevail+ ornam5tal ta/e ( ! ,rome ( 8 day & ! ,c>racci4 ,?is is consid]$ ,guido's be/ /yle1 & is di/+ui%$ by its subtle managem5t ( light & %ade4 ,8 ?ird1 :i* is call$ 8 'silv]y /yle1' f its greys1 deg5]at$ into insipidity1 ) little wond]1 see+ t at ?is /age he sold 8 "t at s mu* p] h\r to picture-deal]s1 :o /ood ov] him1 wat* 9 h&1 to see t he fulfill$ 8 b>ga91 & c>ri$ away ! sa9ts he manufactur$ wet f ! easel4 ,su* manufactory took him only ?ree h\rs1 sometimes less4 ,8 *>ges _h ris5 f five gu9eas = a head1 & tw5ty gu9eas = a :ole figure1 to tw5ty times t am\nt4 ,he pa9t$ few portraits1 b _m 'fancy' heads ( sa9ts4 ,ne>ly ?ree hundr$ pictures by ,guido are believ$ to be 9 exi/5ce4 ,guido's individual di/9ction 0 8 ref9$ s5se ( beauty1 b x 0 ov]-rul$ by 'cold calculation1' & develop$ into a m]e ab/ract conception ( 'empty grace' )\t he>t or s\l4 ,8 f9e/ "w is ! l>ge pa9t+ ( ',phoebus & ,aurora' 9 a pavilion ( ! ,rospigliosi ,palace at ,rome4 ,9 our ,national ,gall]y !re are n9e specim5s ( ,guido's works1 includ+ "o ( 8 be/ ',ecce ,homos1' :i* belong$ to ! collection ( ,samuel ,rog]s4 ,dom5ico ,zampi]i1 commonly call$ ,dom5i*9o1 0 ano!r ,bolognese pa9t]1 & ano!r em95t s*ol> ( ! ,c>racci4 ,he 0 born 9 #aeha1 &1 aft] /udy+ "u a ,flemi% pa9t]1 pass$ into ! s*ool ( ! ,c>racci4 ,:ile yet a v "y man1 ,dom5i*9o 0 invit$ to ,rome1 :]e he soon e>n$ a high reputation1 compet+ successfully ) 8 =m] fell[-s*ol>1 ,guido4 ,dom5i*9o's ',flagellation ( ,/ ,&rew1' & ',communion ( ,/ ,j]ome1' 9 paym5t ( :i* he only receiv$ ab\t five gu9eas2 8 ',m>tyrdom ( ,/ ,seba/ian1' & 8 ',f\r ,evangeli/s1' :i* are among 8 ma/]pieces1 7 all pa9t$ 9 ,rome1 & rema9 9 ,rome4 ,dom5i*9o is said to h excit$ ! extreme ho/ility ( rival pa9t]s1 & to h suff]$ especially f ! malice ( ! ,neapolitans1 :5 he 0 invit$ to "w among !m4 ,aft] a cruel /ruggle ,dom5i*9o di$ 9 ,naples1 n )\t a horrible suspicion ( hav+ be+ poison$1 at ! age ( sixty1 9 #afda4 ,"o ( 8 enemies--a ,roman on ?is occasion--de/roy$ :at 0 left ( ,dom5i*9o's "w 9 ,naples4 ,! pa9t]'s fate 0 a mis]able "o1 & by a co9cid5ce betwe5 8 =tune & 8 ta/e 9 subjects1 he has id5tifi$ 8 "n ) t]rible repres5tations ( m>tyrdoms4 ,kugl] writes t m>tyrdom z a subject = pa9t+1 :i* _h be5 sp>+ly us$ by ,raphael & 8 s*ol>s1 _h come into fa%ion 9 ,dom5i*9o's "t1 = 'pa9t]s & poets s\ght = passionate emotion1 & ^! subjects 7m>tyrdoms7 suppli$ !m ) pl5tiful food4' ,s5sationalism is ! florid hectic ( art's decay1 :e!r 9 pa9t+ or 9 lit]ature4 ,dom5i*9o is accr$it$ ) m ta/e ?an fancy4 ,he made free use ( ! compositions ( ev5 contempor>y arti/s1 :ile he individualiz$ ^! compositions4 ,8 good & bad qualities are ^? ( 8 s*ool1 already quot$1 & p]haps x is 9 keep+ ) ^! qualities t ! excell5ce ( ,dom5i*9o's works lies 9 subord9ate p>ts & subord9ate *>act]s4 ,!re are examples ( ,dom5i*9o 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,i %all close my long li/ ( ! great ,italian pa9t]s ( ! pa/ ) "o :o 0 q ap>t f & oppos$ to ! ,c>racci s*ool1 & ^: triumphs & failures 7 ess5tially 8 own4 ,salvator ,rosa1 born 9 #afae ne> ,naples1 0 ! son ( an ar*itect4 ,9 opposition to 8 fa!r ,salvator ,rosa became a pa9t]4 ,hav+ succe$$ 9 sell+ 8 sket*es to a celebrat$ buy]1 ! bold "y ,neapolitan />t$ = ,rome at ! age ( tw5ty ye>s2 & ,rome1 '! ,j]usalem ( ,pa9t]s1' became !nce=? ,salvator ,rosa's head-qu>t]s1 ?\gh ! "* ( ! man 0 su* z to =ce him to *ange 8 qu>t]s n once or twice only 9 8 life1 & ?us he /ay$ "s "t1 9 turn1 at ,naples1 ,vit]bo1 ,volt]ra1 & ,flor5ce4 ,at ,volt]ra ! aggressive nature ( ! pa9t] broke =? 9 a s]ies ( writt5 satires on a m$ley ( subjects--music1 poetry 7bo? ( :i* ,salvator himself cultivat$71 pa9t+1 w>1 ,babylon1 & envy4 ,^! incongru\s satires excit$ ! viol5t indignation ( ! individuals aga9/ :om ,salvator's wit 0 aim$1 & _! ef=ts at rev5ge1 toge!r ) 8 own turbul5t _s1 drove him f place to place4 ,salvator ,rosa 0 at ,naples #afdg1 & took "p 9 ! riots1 s fam\s 9 song & /ory1 :i* made ,masaniello1 ! "y fi%]man1 = a "t ,capta9-,g5]al & ,ma/] ( ,naples1 :5 x 01 accord+ to law1 a ,spani% dep5d5cy gov]n$ by a vic]oy4 ,salvator 0 9 ! ,compagnia della ,morte comm&$ by ,falcone1 a battle pa9t]1 dur+ ! tr\bles1 a wild en\gh po/ to please ! wild pa9t]1 ev5 _h he n be5 9 addition a p]sonal adh]5t ( ! rul+ _s ,masaniello1 :om ,salvator ,rosa pa9t$ m ?an once4 ,aft] s ev5tful a life1 ! pa9t] di$ peaceably en\gh 9 8 fifty-n9? ye>1 ( dropsy1 at ,rome1 & left a consid]able =tune to 8 only son4 ,salvator ,rosa 0 ! inc>nation ( ! arrogant1 fickle1 fi]ce ,neapolitan _s1 & he c>ri$ x out suffici5tly 9 an undiscipl9$1 /ormy life1 )\t ! addition ( ! popul> leg5d t he _h at "o "t jo9$ a troop ( b&itti1 & indulg$ 9 _! excesses4 ,! leg5d seems to h a famili>ity ) m\nta9 passes1 & 8 love ( peopl+ !m appropriately ) b&itti 9 action4 ,salvator ,rosa 0 a da%+ battle pa9t]1 a m$iocre hi/orical pa9t]1 & an excell5t portrait pa9t] z well z l&scape pa9t]4 ,b x is *iefly by ! savage gr&eur ( 8 m\nta9 or =e/ l&scapes1 ) _! fitt+ dramatis p]sonae1 t he has won 8 r5[n4 ,mr ,rusk91 :ile he all[s ,salvator's gift ( imag9ation1 d5\nces him = ! reckless c>elessness & untru?fulness to nature ( 8 pa9t+4 ,_m ( ,salvator ,rosa's pictures are 9 ! ,pitti ,palace 9 ,flor5ce1 & _m are 9 ,engl&4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,rub5s1 #aegg-afdj--,,rembr&t1 #afjf ,,or #afjh-affi--,,t5i]s1 ,,fa!r ,,& ,,son1 #aehb-afid--,,w\v]man1 #afbj-affh--;,,cuyp1 #afje2 ,,/ill ,,liv+1 #afch--,,paul ,,pott]1 #afbe-afed--;,,cornelius ,,de ,,heem1 #afcj4 ,a long int]val elaps$ betwe5 ! ,van ,eycks & ,qu9t9 ,matsys1 & ,rub5s2 b if ,flemi% art 0 sl[ ( gr[? & 0 only develop$ aft] long pauses1 x made up = its sl[ness & delays by ! bur/ ( triumph into :i* ,flemi% & ,dut* art broke =? 9 ,rub5s & 8 s*ool1 9 ,rembr&t & ,cuyp & ,ruysdael4 ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 0 born at ,sieg5 9 ,we/phalia1 on ! day ( ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul1 #aegg4 ,b ?\gh ,rub5s 0 born out ( ,antw]p1 he 0 a citiz5 ( ,antw]p by desc5t z well z by s _m lat] associations4 ,8 fa!r1 ,john ,rub5s1 a lawy]1 an imprud5t1 ?riftless man 9 "* & habits1 _h be5 compell$ to leave ,antw]p 9 consequ5ce ( religi\s di/urbances :i* broke out !re ab\t ! "t t ! nor!rn prov9ces1 m at "o & m decid$ 9 _! union ?an ! s\!rn prov9ces1 e/abli%$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,rub5s sp5t 8 e>ly boyhood at ,cologne1 b on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r :5 he 0 t5 ye>s ( age1 8 "m1 a good & 'discreet' woman1 to :om ! pa9t] ow$ mu*1 & confess$ 8 debt1 return$ ) h] family to ,antw]p4 ,8 "m _h de/9$ him = 8 fa!r's pr(ession1 b did n oppose h] son's pref]5ce = art4 ,aft] /udy+ "u two diff]5t arti/s1 & becom+ a ma/] 9 ! guild ( ,/ ,luke1 ,rub5s w5t to ,italy 9 #afjj1 :5 he 0 a "y man ( ?ree-&-tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 eight ye>s abs5t1 ent]+ ! s]vice ( ! ducal sov]eign ( ,mantua1 be+ s5t by him on a diplomatic mission to ,madrid to ,philip ,,iii1 ( ,spa91 visit+ on 8 own acc\nt ,rome1 :]e he f\nd ! ,c>racci & ,guido#bb at ! height ( _! fame1 ,v5ice & ,g5oa1 'leav+ portraits :]e he w5t4' ,) ,g5oa1 its ar*itecture1 & its situation1 ,rub5s 0 specially *>m$1 b he quitt$ x 9 ha/e1 be+ summon$ home to att5d ! dea?-b$ ( 8 "m1 f :om he _h p>t$ eight ye>s be=e2 & arriv+ too late to see h] 9 life4 ,a man ( /rong feel+s 9 sorr[ z 9 joy1 he )drew into retirem5t1 & resid$ = 8 season ( m\rn+ 9 a religi\s h\se4 ,lov+ ,italy ) a pa9t]'s en?usiasm1 s t to ! late/ day ( 8 life he g5]ally wrote 9 ,italian1 & lov$ to sign 8 "n ',pietro ,paolo ,rub5s1' he _h int5d$ to return & settle 9 ,mantua1 b hav+ be5 nam$ c\rt pa9t] to ! ,gov]ness ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,cl>a ,eug5ia1 & h] husb& ,alb]t1 ,rub5s _h suffici5t patriotism & suffici5t worldly =esight to induce him to rel9qui% 8 idea1 & e/abli% himself 9 8 native ,antw]p4 ,he 0 already a man ( em95ce 9 8 pr(ession1 & a man ( m>k out ( x4 ,g :]e he w\ld he made fri5ds1 & he s recomm5d$ himself to 8 royal patrons by 8 natural suavity1 tact1 & sagacity1 t he 0 n only 9 ! utmo/ fav\r ) !m z a "r c\rtly pa9t]1 b 0 employ$ by !m1 once & aga91 on delicate1 difficult1 private embassies4 ,b x 0 n only to 8 patrons t ,rub5s 0 ende>$1 he 0 emphatically :at m5 call 'a good fell[1' alike to sup]iors1 equals1 & inf]iors2 a frank1 hone/1 b\ntiful1 & g5]\s man4 ,8 love ( c\rts & _! spl5d\r 0 ! *ivalr\s homage :i* a man ( 8 ca/ ( m9d paid to ! dignity & picturesqu5ess ( high e/ate4 ,he m>ri$ a ye> aft] 8 "m's dea?1 :5 he 0 9 8 ?irty-?ird ye>4 ,8 fir/ wife1 ,isabella ,brant1 0 a connection ( 8 own 7& s 0 8 second wife74 ,he built & pa9t$1 9 fresco1 a f9e h\se 9 ,antw]p1 & laid out a pleasant g>d51 :i* conta9$ a rotunda1 fill$ ) 8 collection ( pictures by ! ,italian ma/]s1 antique gems1 etc4 etc41 already ga!r$ abroad4 ,he set himself to keep h\se 9 a lib]al fa%ion1 to disp5se b5efits1 & to ent]ta9 fri5ds--above all1 to pa9t ) might & ma9 9 company ) 8 great s*ool1 ! memb]s ( :i*1 l ^? ( ,raphael's s*ool :]e ,raphael 0 conc]n$1 71 = ! mo/ "p1 ,rub5s' devot$ comrades4 ,c\nt+ 8 "w n only z ! great object1 b ! great ze/ ( 8 life1 nev] did pa9t] receive su* sweep+ & accumulat+ commissions1 & nev]1 ev5 by ,t9toret1 7 commissions execut$ ) su* undaunt$1 unhesitat+ exp$ition4 ,)al ,rub5s frequ5tly left 8 /udio & w5t abroad1 ei!r to act z an un(ficial ambassador1 or to pa9t at ! special reque/ ( "s =eign sov]eign4 ,?us he 0 resid+ 9 ,p>is 9 #afbj1 plann+ = ,m>ie de ,m$ici ! s]ies ( rem>kable pictures :i* commemorat$ h] m>riage ) ,h5ry ,,iv4 7,:5 ,i 0 a little girl1 ,i w5t occasionally to a c\ntry h\se1 ! %[ place ( ! neighb\rhood1 :]e !re 7 copies ( ?is s]ies ( ,rub5s' pictures4 ,i c rememb] yet look+ at !m ) utt] bewild]m5t1 caus$ by ! dubi\s ta/e t impell$ ,rub5s to indulge 9 ! odde/ mixture ( royal p]sonages1 high *ur* dignit>ies1 patron sa9ts1 & gods & goddesses47 ,9 #afbh ,rub5s 0 9 ,spa9 on a mission f 8 sov]eign to h] k9sman1 ,philip ,,iv42 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 9 ,engl&1 on a s]vice ( a simil> description to ,*>les ,i41 f :om1 ev5 z ,rub5s _h already receiv$ x f ,k+ ,philip1 ! pa9t] _h ! hon\r ( knigh?ood4 ,9 ! mean "t ,rub5s' fir/ wife di$1 aft] a union ( sev5te5 ye>s1 9 #afbf2 & f\r ye>s lat]1 9 #afcj1 ! pa9t]1 :5 he 0 a man ( fifty ye>s1 re-m>ri$ ano!r connection ( 8 own1 ,hel5a ,f\rm5t1 a girl only 9 h] sixte5? ye>4 ,bo? ( 8 wives 7 h&some1 fair1 full-=m$ ,flemi% beauties4 ,elizabe? 79 ,spani%1 ,isabella7 ,brant's beauty 0 ( a f9] ord] ?an t ( h] successor1 express+ l>g] capacity ( affection & intellect4 ,b on ,hel5a ,f\rm5t ,rub5s dot$1 :ile to bo? wom5 he seems to h be5 affectionately atta*$4 ,he has pa9t$ !m s (t51 t ! face ( no pa9t]'s wife is s famili> to ! art _w1 & ev5 to ! great] _w )\t1 z are ! faces ( ^! two wom51 & above all1 t ( ,hel5a ,f\rm5t4 ,he _h sev5 *ildr51 :o frequ5tly figure 9 _! mo!rs' portraits4 ,he has left notable portraits ( 8 two sons by 8 fir/ wife1 ( 8 elde/ daught]1 ,cl>a ,eug5ia1 :5 eight ye>s ( age1 & ( 8 daught] ,elizabe?1 a buxom baby1 dress$ 9 velvet & po9t lace1 play+ ) toys4 ,aft] a life ( unbrok5 success & ! highe/ hon\rs1 ! la/ di/9ction conf]r$ on ,rub5s 01 t he 0 *os5 to arrange ! gala1 & to be ! "r-h& man :o %\ld conduct ! ,c>d9al ,infant1 ! successor ( ,cl>a ,eug5ia1 on 8 fir/ entrance into ,antw]p4 ,b ! h& ( premature disease & dea?1 :i* n ev5 he c\ld resi/1 0 already on ! great pa9t]2 8 con/itution _h be5 und]m9$ by repeat$ attacks ( g\t1 & he di$ at ! age ( sixty ye>s1 9 #afdj4 ,he 0 ! possessor ( great weal? at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 & only a "p ( 8 collection1 :i* 0 !n sold1 br\ght s l>ge a sum 9 ^? days1 z tw5ty ?\s& p\nds4 ,rub5s' second wife1 ,hel5a ,f\rm5t1 to :om he _h be5 m>ri$ t5 ye>s1 surviv$ him1 a wid[ at tw5ty-six ye>s ( age ,rub5s' portrait is ev5 bett] kn[n ?an ^? ( 8 wives1 =1 z ,i h said ( ,raphael 9 8 popul>ity1 ,rub5s 9 8 life is ! beau-ideal ( a pa9t] to ! _m4 ,! portrait is wor?y ( ! man1 ) some?+ gallant 9 ! manl9ess1 & ) ?\ght temp]+ :at might h be5 too mu* ( bravado & too mu* ( debonnairete 9 ! traits4 ,8 features are h&some 9 _! ,flemi% fulness1 & mat* well ) hazel eyes1 *e/nut hair1 & a ruddy complexion2 8 long m\/a*e is turn$ up1 & he we>s ! po9t$ be>d :i* we see s (t5 9 ! portraits by ,rub5s' s*ol>1 ,van ,dyck4 ,! great flapp+ hat1 worn alike by m5 & wom51 slightly cock$ to "o side1 is ! p]fection ( picturesque head ge>4 ,equally picturesque1 & n 9 ! slighte/ degree effem9ate on a man l ,rub5s1 is ! fall+ coll> ( po9t$ me*l91 j se5 above ! cloak drap$ 9 l>ge folds4 ,9 8 own day ,rub5s 0 )\t a rival z a pa9t]4 ,9 a mu* lat] day ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds pron\nc$ ,rub5s 'p]haps ! greate/ ma/] 9 ! me*anical "p ( ! art1 ! be/ workman ) 8 tools t ev] ex]cis$ a p5cil4' ,8 consummate excell5ce lay 9 8 execution & col\r+4 ,x is br\ght z a reproa* aga9/ 8 pa9t+1 t 8 noble/ *>act]s1 ev5 8 sacr$ *>act]s1 7 b big1 brawny1 r$ & :ite ,flem+s4 ,8 imag9ation only rea*$ a c]ta9 height1 & yet1 if x 7 a v e>?ly ,flemi% imag9ation1 x c\ld be gr&ly1 z x 0 always vigor\sly1 e>?ly & ,flemi%4 ,at ! same "t he c\ld be defici5t :]e proportion1 & ev5 :]e all ! laws ( art1 are conc]n$4 ,x is "r t ,i %\ld1 ) regret & %ame1 say ?is ( ,rub5s1 ^: g5iality bord]$ on joviality1 & ^: age 0 a gross] age ?an our own1 t he debas$ 8 g5ius by "s f\l & revolt+ pictures4 ,( ! g5]al di/9ction betwe5 ,rub5s & "s ( 8 pr$ecessors ,i %\ld l to quote ,mr ,rusk9's passage 9 8 def5ce3 ',a man long tra9$ to love ! monk's vision ( ,fra ,angelico1 turns 9 pr\d & ineffable disgu/ f ! fir/ "w ( ,rub5s1 :i* he enc\nt]s on 8 return across ! ,alps4 ,b is he "r 9 8 indignation8 ,he has =gott5 t1 :ile ,angelico pray$ & wept 9 8 olive %ade1 !re 0 diff]5t "w do+ 9 ! dank fields ( ,fl&]s3--wild seas to be bank$ out2 endless canals to be dug1 & b\ndless m>%es to be dra9$2 h>d pl\gh+ & h>r[+ ( ! fro/y clay2 c>eful bre$+ ( ! /\t horses & cattle2 close sett+ ( brick-walls aga9/ cold w9ds & sn[2 mu* h>d5+ ( h&s1 & gross /\t5+ ( bodies 9 all ?is2 gross jovialities ( h>ve/ homes1 & ,*ri/mas fea/s1 :i* 7 to be ! rew>d ( x2 r\gh affections1 & sluggi% imag9ations2 fle%y1 sub/antial1 iron-%od humanities1 b humanities /ill1--humanities :i* ,god _h 8 eye ^u1 & :i* won p]haps1 "h & !re1 z mu* fav\r 9 ,8 sight z ! wa/$ aspects ( ! :isp]+ monks ( ,flor5ce 7,heav5 =bid t x %\ld n be s1 s9ce ! mo/ ( u _c be monks1 b mu/ be pl\ghm5 & reap]s /ill74 ,& are we to suppose !re is no nobility 9 ,rub5s' mascul9e & univ]sal sympa?y ) all ?is1 & ) 8 l>ge human r5d]+ ( x1 g5tleman ?\gh he 0 by bir?1 & feel+1 & education1 & place1 &1 :5 he *ose1 lordly 9 conception also8 ,he _h 8 faults--p]haps great & lam5table faults1--?\gh m ^? ( 8 "t & 8 c\ntry ?an 8 own2 he has nei!r cloi/]-bre$+ nor b\doir-bre$+1 & is v unfit to pa9t ei!r 9 missals or annuals2 b he has an op5 sky & wide-_w bre$+ 9 him t we may n be (f5d$ )1 fit alike = k+'s c\rt1 knight's camp1 or peasants cottage4' ,rub5s' works are v _m1 ne>ly f\r ?\s& pictures & sket*es be+ attribut$ to him & 8 s*ol>s4 ,_m are /ill at ,antw]p1 _m at ,madrid1 b mo/ are at ,muni*1 :]e1 9 "o great saloon & cab9et1 !re are n9ety-five pictures by ,rub5s4 ,9 ,engl&1 at ,bl5heim1 !re are fifte5 pictures by ,rub5s1 z ! great ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh w\ld give any price = 8 works4 ,i c only indicate a v few examples 9 ! diff]5t bran*es ( art :i* he made 8 own4 ,fir/1 ( 8 ',desc5t f ! ,cross3' x is a s+le l>ge gr\p1 di/+ui%$ by lum9\s col\r+ & correct draw+1 & ) reg>d to :i* ! mass ( :ite %eet aga9/ :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 relief 9 ! picture1 has be5 reg>d$ z a bold arti/ic v5ture4 ,an en?usia/ic admir] has call$ x 'a mo/ wond]ful monum5t ( ! d>+ g5ius ( ! pa9t]4 ,! gr&e/ picture 9 ! _w = composition1 draw+1 & col\r+4' ,its defects are held to be '! bu/le ( ! incid5ts & ! dreadfully true del9eation ( m]ely physical agony--too t]rible1 real1 picturesque1 b n sublime--- an e>?ly trag$y1 n a div9e my/]y4' ',remit ! angui% ( t light$ />e2 ,close ^? wan lips6 let t ?orn-w\nd$ br[ ,/ream n ) blood4' ,!re is a tradition t an accid5t happ5$ to ! picture :ile ,rub5s 0 pa9t+ x1 & t ,van ,dyck rem$i$ ! accid5t by re-pa9t+ ! *eek & *9 ( ! ,virg9 & ! arm ( ! ,magdal5e4 ,) reg>d to ano!r picture ( ,rub5s at ,antw]p1 ',! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91' x is said t he pa9t$ x 9 sixte5 days1 = sixte5 hundr$ flor9s1 8 usual t]ms be+ a hundr$ flor9s a-day4 ',! ,virg9 & ,s]p5t' 7f ! #ab? *apt] ( ,revelation7 9 ! ,muni* gall]y is v spl5did4 ,! ,virg9 ) ! new-born ,savi\r 9 h] arms is m\nt+ on ! w+s ( an eagle1 surr\nd$ by a flood ( light4 ,! s]p5t1 encircl+ ! moon on :i* %e /&s1 is wri?+ b5ea? h] feet4 ,god ! ,fa!r is ext5d+ 8 protect+ sceptre ov] h] f above4 ,! ar*angel1 clo!d 9 arm\r1 is 9 fe>ful combat ) ! sev5-head$ dragon1 :i* is endeav\r+ to dev\r ! *ild4 ,al?\gh /ruck by lightn+1 ! dragon is /riv+ to twi/ 8 tail r\nd ! legs ( ! angel1 & seizes ! cloak ( ! ,virg9 ) "o ( 8 h&s4 ,o!r inf]nal mon/]s are wri?+ ) impot5t rage1 & fall+ ) ! dragon into ! abyss4' ',no?+ 0 m *>act]i/ic ( ,rub5s ?an 8 *oice ( subjects f ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks & ! works ( ! anci5t poets2 & 9 no?+ did he display m fre$om1 orig9ality1 & poetry4' ,among 8 mo/ fam\s my?ological pictures is ! ',battle ( ! ,amazons1' n[ at ,muni*4 ',! wom5 are driv5 back by ! ,greeks ov] ! riv] ,!rmodon2 two horses are 9 savage combat on ! bridge2 "o ,amazon is torn f h] horse2 a second is dragg$ along by a sable /e$1 & fall+ headlong into ! riv]1 :]e o!rs are swimm+ & /ruggl+4 ,no o!r battle-piece1 save t ( ! ,amazons1 c comp>e ) ,raphael's ,battle ( ,con/ant9e4' ,ano!r great picture is ,! ',c>ry+ (f ( ,pros]p9e4' ',pluto 9 8 c> is driv5 by fi]y br[n /e$s1 & is be>+ away ! goddess1 resi/+ & /ruggl+4 ,! picture absolutely gl[s ) g5ial fire4 ,! =ms 9 x are m sl5d] ?an is g5]al ) ,rub5s4 ,among ! companions ( ,pros]p9e ! figure ( ,diana is conspicu\s = grace & beauty4 ,! victori\s god ( love hov]s be=e ! *>iot1 & ! blue ocean1 w>mly t9t$ ) ! sunbeams1 =ms a spl5did back-gr\nd4'#bc ,rub5s 0 fam\s = ! lovel9ess & grace ( 8 pa9t+s ( *ildr54 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful is t ( ',! ,infant ,jesus & ,john play+ ) a ,lamb4' ,rub5s 0 a great animal pa9t]4 ,"o ( 8 celebrat$ animal pictures is ',daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d51' n[ at ,hamilton ,palace1 9 :i* ea* lion is a k+ ( bea/s *eck$ 9 8 fi]ce/ h be5 pa9t$ by ,rub5s 9 a fit ( pique at a false report :i* _h be5 circulat$ t he c\ld n pa9t animals1 & t ^? 9 8 pictures 7 suppli$ by ! animal-pa9t]1 8 fri5d & s*ol>1 ,s*neyd]s4 ,rub5s' l&scapes are n ! lea/ r5[n$ ( 8 pictures4 ,he gave to 8 own ri* b prosaic ,fl&]s1 all ! bread? & breez9ess & mat*less a]ial effects ( a ma/] ( pa9t+1 & a true lov] ( nature "u e aspect1 :o c inde$ di/+ui%1 "u ! mo/ ord9>y aspect1 ^? hidd5 treasures :i* all b a lov] & a man ( g5ius w\ld pass by4 ,8 ',prairie ( ,laack51' ') ! sun ( ,fl&]s pi]c+ ! d5se yell[ cl\ds ) ! =ce ( fire1' is ( great repute4 ,among 8 fam\s portraits ,i %all m5tion t call$ ',! ,f\r ,philosoph]s' 7,ju/us ,lepsius1 ,hugo ,grotius1 ,rub5s1 & 8 bro!r71 ) peak$ be>ds & m\/a*es1 9 turn$-ov] coll>s1 ruffs & fur-trimm$ robes1 hav+ books & p5s1 a dog1 & a classic bu/ z accessories4 ,! op5 pill>$ door is wrea!d ) a spray f )\t1 & !re is a l&scape 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,?is portrait is full ( p[]1 fre$om1 & spl5did pa9t+4 ,ano!r portrait conta9s t sweete/ ( ,rub5s' n (t5 sweet faces1 call$ '! ,lady 9 ! ,/raw ,hat4' ,rub5s himself did n "n ! picture o!rwise 9 8 catalogue4 ,tradition says ! orig9al 0 ,mdlle ,lund5s1 ! beauty ( ! sev5te5 prov9ces1 & t %e di$ "y & unm>ri$4 ,connoisseurs value ! picture because ( ! triumph ( skill by :i* ,rub5s has pa9t$ brilliantly a face s mu* 9 ! %ade2 to ^? :o are n connoisseurs ,i imag9e ! picture mu/ speak = itself1 9 its graceful1 t5d] beauty4 ,=m+ "p ( ! collection ( ! late ,sir ,rob]t ,peel 7,i ?9k he gave ?ree ?\s& p\nds = '! ,lady 9 ! ,/raw ,hat'71 :i* has be5 b\ght = ! c\ntry1 ?is beautiful portrait is n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,& n[ ,i mu/ speak ( ! picture ( ! ,arundel ,family4 ,b fir/1 a ^w ab\t ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,arundel4 ,x is impossible to write an ,engli% "w on art & omit a brief acc\nt ( "o ( ,engl&'s greate/ art b5efactors4 ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,arundel1 repres5t+ 9 8 day ! great h\se ( ,h[>d1 _h a love ( art :i* approa*$ to a mania2 & )\t be+ s outrage\sly va9 z ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 !re is no d\bt t ! ,e>l c\nt$ on 8 art collection z a s\rce ( p]sonal di/9ction4 ,james ,i41 himself an art collector1 s f> hum\r$ ! ,e>l 9 8 ta/e z to pres5t him ) ,"l ,som]set's =feit$ collection1 valu$ at a ?\s& p\nds4 ,b ,*>les ,i1 & ! ,e>l became rival collectors1 & little love 0 lo/ betwe5 !m4 ,! ,e>l ( ,arundel impair+ ev5 8 great rev5ues 9 ! pursuit1 employ$ ag5ts & ambassadors--notably ,petty & ,evelyn--all ov] ,europe1 to obta9 = him draw+s1 pictures1 anci5t m>bles1 gems1 etc41 etc4 ,:5 ! civil w>s broke out1 ,"l ,arundel convey$ 8 priceless collection = safety to ,antw]p & ,padua4 ,ev5tually x 0 divid$ among 8 sons & scatt]$ f> & wide4 ,! only portion ( x :i* fell to ! nation1 9 ! c\rse ( ano!r g5]ation1 0 ! ,greek ,m>bles1 kn[n z ! ,arundel ,m>bles1 :i* 7 f9ally pres5t$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,b 9 ,rub5s' day all ?is gr& collection 0 intact1 & display$ 9 gall]ies at ,arundel ,h\se1 :i* ! mob ?\ght fit to nickname ',t>t ,hall2' & ?r\gh ^! gall]ies ,rub5s 0 conduct$ by ! ,e>l4 ,"l ,arundel desir$ to h an ,arundel family portrait pa9t$ = him by ,rub5s4 ,! ,e>l 0 r giv5 to hav+ ,arundel family portraits1 = !re are no less ?an ?ree 9 :i* he figures4 ,"o by ,van ,som]1 9 :i* ! h]o is po9t+ some:at comically ) 8 trun*eon to ! /atues ( 8 collection 9 ! backgr\nd1 & ! la/ "o project$ by ,van ,dyck1 b execut$ by an inf]ior arti/1 9 :i* v>i\s family pieces ( arm\r1 swords1 & %ields1 worn at ,flodd51 or belong+ to ! poet ,e>l ( ,surrey1 are introduc$ 9 ! h&s ( ! sons ( ! family4 ,b x is ) ,rub5s' ',arundel ,family1' :i*1 we mu/ rememb]1 ranks second 9 ,engli% family pictures1 t we h to d4 ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,arundel1 & ! ,lady ,ala!a1#bd are "u a portico ) twi/$ columns1 l ^? 9 ,raphael's c>toons2 a ri* curta91 & a l&scape ) a l>ge mansion are se5 beyond4 ,! ,c\ntess is seat$ 9 a *air ( /ate1 ) "o h& on ! head ( a :ite greyh\nd2 %e we>s a black sat9 g[n1 lac$ ruff1 gold bracelets1 & pe>l necklace4 ,h] hair is light1 & deck$ ) pe>ls & plumes4 ,! ,e>l /&s beh9d ) a h& on h] *air4 ,8 head is uncov]$1 ! %ort hair incl9+ to grey2 ! :isk]s & be>d po9t$4 ,8 ve/ is olive-col\r$1 & he has a br[n mantle l9$ ) crimson ov] ! %\ld]s b5ea? 8 ruff4 ,!re is a little boy--,e>l ,?omas's gr&son1 ,philip ,h[>d1 aft]w>ds ,c>d9al ,h[>d1 9 crimson velvet1 trimm$ ) gold lace1 & a dw>f on ! o!r side ( ! dog1 ) "o h& on its back4 ,among o!r ma/]pieces ( ,rub5s1 includ+ ! ',/raw ,hat1' :i* are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 !re are ! ',rape ( ! ,sab9es1' & ! l&scape ',autumn1' :i* has a view ( 8 c\ntry *ateau1 de ,/e91 ne> ,me*l94 ,9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y !re is an int]e/+ portrait by ,rub5s ( an eld]ly lady 9 a great ,spani% ruff1 :i* is believ$ to be ! portrait ( 8 "m4 ,rembr&t ,van ,rhyn is said to h be5 born ne> ,leyd5 ab\t #afjf or #afjh1 = !re is a d\bt z to ! exact date4 ,8 fa!r 0 a mill] or malt/]1 & !re is a !ory t ,rembr&t acquir$ "s ( 8 effects ( light & %ade f ! impressions made ^u him dur+ 8 life 9 ! mill4 ,he 0 a pupil at ! ,lat9 s*ool ( ,leyd51 & a s*ol> 9 /udios bo? at ,leyd5 & ,am/]dam4 ,9 #afcj1 :5 ,rembr&t 0 a m]e lad1 he seems to h settl$ 9 ,am/]dam1 & m>ri$ !re 9 #afcd1 :5 he 0 six or eight & tw5ty ye>s ( age1 a "y ,dut*woman possess$ ( a consid]able =tune1 :i*1 9 case ( h] dea? & ( ,rembr&t's re-m>riage1 0 to pass to h] *ildr51 a provision t 9 ! end wr\ght ,rembr&t's ru94 ,! tr\bles ( 8 c\ntry 9 ! pa9t]'s "t r5d]$ 8 prices comp>atively small & prec>i\s1 & ,rembr&t1 l ,rub5s1 )\t ,rub5s' weal?1 0 eag] 9 mak+ an art collection & surr\nd+ himself ) ^? v =ms ( beauty 9 ! great ,italian ma/]s' works1 9 ! appreciation ( :i* ! ,dut* ma/]--judg$ by 8 own works--might h be5 reckon$ defici5t4 ,rembr&t's wife di$ aft] eight ye>s ( m>riage1 & left him ) "o surviv+ son1 ,titus1 & ,rembr&t1 hav+ re-m>ri$1 0 call$ ^u to give up ! lad's inh]itance4 ,?is call1 toge!r ) ! exp5diture ( ! sums :i* ,rembr&t _h lavi%$ on 8 collection1 0 too heavy ^u funds nev] v ample1 & ! pa9t]1 aft] /ruggl+ ) 8 difficulties1 became a bankrupt 9 #afef4 ,8 son took possession ( ,rembr&t's h\se1 & f ! sale ( ! pa9t]'s art collection & o!r res\rces ev5tually recov]$ 8 "m's =tune1 b ,rembr&t himself nev] rose above ! mis]y1 degradation1 & pov]ty ( ?is p]iod4 ,he liv$ ?irte5 ye>s long]1 b x 0 9 obscurity--out ( :i* ! only records :i* rea* u1 are /ories ( mis]ly habits acquir$ too late to s]ve _! purpose1 a desp]ate resort to l[ company dat+ f 8 fir/ wife's dea?1 & 8 gradual d[nfall4 ,rub5s & ,rembr&t h be5 sometimes contra/$ z ! pa9t]s ( light & ( d>kness2 ! contra/ ext5d$ to _! lives4 ,x w read l a humor\s anti-climax aft] s sad a hi/ory1 :5 ,i add t no o!r pa9t] pa9t$ 8 own lik5ess s (t5 z ,rembr&t pa9t$ 84 ,9 ! engrav+ be=e me ! face is heavy & /olid-seem+ en\gh to be t ( a typical ,dut*man4 ,! eye-br[s are slightly knit ov] ! broad nose2 ! full lips are scantily %ad$ by a m\/a*e2 !re is no hair on ! well-fle%$ *eeks & d\ble *94 ,rembr&t we>s a flat cap & e>-r+s4 ,he has two r[s ( a *a9 across 8 d\blet1 & "o h& ?ru/ b5ea? ! cloak hang+ across 8 brea/4 ,rembr&t's great m]its 7 8 /rong tru?fulness1 & 8 almo/ equally p[]ful s5se ( a peculi> k9d ( picturesqu5ess4 ,x seems z if ! ,g]man weirdness p]ceptible 9 ,albre*t ,du]] _h 9 ,rembr&t tak5 a homeli]1 b a m compreh5sible & effective ,dut* =m4 ,kugl] argues1 t ! long w9t]1 ) its %ort d>k days1 ( ,nor!rn ,europe produces 9 its inhabitants in/9ctive delight 9 he>?-w>m? & light1 & t ! pleasure 9 look+ at ,rembr&t's pictures is traceable to ?is influ5ce4 ,x is 9 sc5es by fire-light1 camp-light1 tor*-light1 t he triumphs1 & 8 some:at grim b v real romance owes its orig9 to ! endless sugge/ions ( ! deep black %ad[s :i* belong to ^! artificial lights4 ,!re is ?is objection to be urg$ to ! !ory1 t ,rembr&t 0 also a good pa9t] ( 8 own flat ,dut* l&scape1 pa9t+ x1 h[ev]1 r "u ! sombre dimness ( cl\ds & tempe/s ?an 9 ! brightness ( sun%9e4 ,b :atev] its s\rce1 !re is a *>m s widely felt 9 t wond]fully p]fect surr\nd+ ( unc]ta9ty1 suspicion1 & al>m1 ) :i* ,rembr&t has encompass$ s _m ( 8 o!rwise prosaic1 co>se1 & sometimes vulg> ,dut* m5 & wom51 t we h co9$ a new ^w to express ! *>m1 & speak ( gr\ps & incid5ts be+ ,rembr&tesque1 z we speak ( _! be+ picturesque4 ,rembr&t did n always leave ! vague ?rill ( d\bt1 t]ror1 or ev5 horror1 :i* he s\ght to produce1 to imag9ation work+ 9 ! my/]i\s dep?s ( 8 %ad[s4 ,a v fam\s picture ( 8 is ',dr ,deeman 7an anatomi/7 demon/rat+ f a dead subject4' ,9 ano!r picture a man /eal+ f ! gloom is 9 ! act ( /abb+ 9 ! back ! unconsci\s man 9 ! =egr\nd4#be ,rembr&t's orig9ality is z und\bt$ z 8 ability1 & he 0 z great 9 et*+ z 9 pa9t+4 ,8 defect z a pa9t] 0 ! frequ5t abs5ce ( any evid5ce 9 8 "w ( a s5se ( ref9em5t1 grace1 or ev5 beauty2 ?is c be said ( him :o sp5t means n 8 own on ga!r+ toge!r images ( beauty & grace produc$ by ! p5cils & bru%es ( o!rs4 ,_m ( ,rembr&t's pictures are 9 ! gall]ies ( ,am/]dam & ! ,hague1 & we h _m 9 ,london4 ,! ,national ,gall]y has sev]al examples1 includ+ two ( ,rembr&t's portraits4 ,pass+ ov] ,van ,dyck1 :om ,i res]ve1 z ,i h res]v$ ,holbe91 to class among ! =eign pa9t]s resid5t 9 or closely connect$ ) ,engl&1 ,i come to ! ,t5i]s--fa!r & son4 ,david ! eld] 0 born at ,antw]p 9 #aehb1 & ,david ! y\ng] also at ,antw]p1 9 #afaj4 ,david ! y\ng] is decid$ly ! m em95t pa9t]1 ?\gh ! works ( ! fa!r are (t5 mi/ak5 = ^? ( ! son4 ,! two ,t5i]s' class ( subjects 0 ! same1 be+ ord9>ily 'fairs1 m>kets1 peasants' m]ry-mak+s1 be]-h\ses1 gu>d rooms4' ,david ! y\ng] _h great popul>ity1 0 c\rt pa9t] to ! ,ar*duke ( ,au/ria1 & e>n$ su* an indep5d5ce1 t he b\ght = himself a *ateau at ! village ( ,p]ck1 n v f> f ! ,*ateau de ,/e9 ( ,rub5s1 ) :om ,david ,t5i]s 0 on t]ms ( fri5dly intimacy4 ,!re ,t5i]s1 l 8 great associate1 liv$ 9 ! utmo/ /ate & b\nty1 ent]ta9+ ! noble/ ( ! l&4 ,david ,t5i]s m>ri$ twice1 8 fir/ wife be+ ! daught] ( "o ( a family ( ,flemi% pa9t]s1 :o 7 kn[n1 accord+ to _! respective proclivities 9 art1 by ! names ( ,peasant ,breughel1 ,velvet ,breughel1 & ,hell ,breughel4 ,t5i]s _h _m *ildr54 ,! eld] ,t5i]s di$ at ,antw]p 9 #afdi2 ! y\ng] di$ at ,brussels1 & 0 buri$ at ,p]ck1 9 #afid4 ,! di/9ction ( ! ,t5i]s 0 ! extreme fidelity & clev]ness ) :i* !y copi$ 7b did n expla97 ! life !y knew--! homelie/1 humble/ aspect ( life4 ,!y br\ght out ) m>vell\s accuracy all its traits1 except1 inde$1 ! und]ly+ /ra9 ( poetry1 :i*1 :ile x r$eems pla9ness1 sordidness1 & ev5 co>s5ess1 is z true to life z is its v]ie/ prose4 ,) ^? :o ask a lit]al copy ( life1 :e!r high or l[1 & ask no m1 ! ,t5i]s & _! s*ool mu/ always be 9 ! highe/ fav\r2 & to ^? :o are we>i$ & sceptical ( blund]s & failures 9 seek+ t und]ly+ /ra9 ( life1 ! m]e rugg$ g5u95ess ( ! ,t5i]s' "w recomm5ds itself1 & is n )\t its own pa?os2 :ile to v _m sup]ficial obs]v]s ! simple homel9ess ( ! life :i* ! ,t5i]s *ose to repres5t1 prev5ts ! obs]v]s f miss+ :at %\ld be pres5t 9 e life4 ,m5 & wom5 are only consci\s ( ! defect :5 ! pa9t]s w&]1 n[ & !n1 into high] sph]es & into sacr$ subjects1 & !re is ! unavoidable recoil f gross bl9dness4 ,i h tak5 ! ,t5i]s z ! repres5tatives ( a num]\s s*ool ( ,flemi% & ,dut* arti/s1 ^: works ab\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,david ,t5i]s ! y\ng] appe>s at 8 be/1 sev]al times1 9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y & ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,philip ,w\v]man 0 born at ,ha>lem 9 #afbj4 ,he 0 ! son ( a pa9t]1 able1 b unrecogniz$ 9 8 own day4 ,philip ,w\v]man f\nd few patrons1 dispos$ ( 8 pictures by h>d b>ga9s to deal]s1 0 tempt$ by 8 want ( success to abjure 8 art1 & ev5 w5t s f>1 accord+ to tradition1 z to burn 8 /udies & sket*es1 9 ord] to prev5t 8 son pursu+ ! c>e] :i* _h be5 to him a c>e] ( bitt] disappo9tm5t4 ,he di$ at ,ha>lem1 #affh1 :5 he 0 no m ?an =ty-eight ye>s ( age4 ,yet "s n9e hundr$ pa9t+s be> 7_m ( !m falsely7 ,w\v]man's "n4 ,) all ! tru? & excell5t execution ( 8 contempor>ies & c\ntrym5'1 ,philip ,w\v]man1 :o _h1 z he ?\ght1 miss$ 8 m>k1 _h some?+ :i* ^? successful m5 lack$--he _h n only a feel+ = grace1 b a t\* ( s5tim5t4 ,8 sc5es are commonly 'road-side inns1 hunts1 fights2' b along ) an incl9ation to adopt a high] class ( actors--knights & ladies1 in/ead ( peasants--!re is a m ref9$ treatm5t & a da% ( t5d]ness & melan*oly--! la/ possibly born ( 8 own disa/r\s =tunes4 ,9 8 love ( horses & dogs1 z adjuncts to 8 gr\ps1 he _h z great a fondness = a special :ite horse1 z ,paul ,pott] _h = black & :ite cattle4 ,alb]t ,cuyp 0 born at ,dort 9 #afje4 ,he 0 a brew] by trade1 & only pa9t$ z an amateur4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 he 0 a great l&scape pa9t]1 & has giv5 delight to ?\s&s by 8 p[] ( express+ 8 own love ( nature4 ,little is kn[n ( ,cuyp's life1 & ! date ( 8 dea? is unc]ta91 f>!r ?an x 0 lat] ?an #afch4 ,9 affect$ en?usiasm1 ,cuyp has be5 call$ ! ,dut* ,claude1 b 9 reality1 ,cuyp surpass$1 ,claude 9 "s respects4 ,! di/9ction1 :i* ,mr ,rusk9 draws betwe5 !m1 is t1 :ile ,claude1 9 ! s5se ( beauty1 is ! sup]ior to ,cuyp1 9 ! s5se ( tru? ,claude is ! inf]ior4 ,besides ,cuyp's l&scapes1 he pa9t$ portraits1 & :at is call$ '/ill life' 7dead game1 fruit or fl[] pieces1 etc471 b ,cuyp's triumph 0 f\nd 9 8 skies1 ) _! 'cle>ness & coolness1' & 9 'expressions ( yell[ sunlight4' ,mr ,rusk9 admits1 :ile he is proce$+ to c5sure ,cuyp1 p>ts might be *os5 out ( ! good pictures ( ,cuyp :i* h nev] be5 equall$ 9 art4' ,on ano!r occasion1 ,mr ,rusk9 has ?is passage full ( dry hum\r 9 ref]5ce to ,cuyp3 ',aga91 look at ! l>ge ,cuyp 9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 :i* ,mr ,hazlitt consid]s f9e/ 9 ! _w1 & ( :i* he v complim5t>ily says1 ! t5d] gre5 ( ! valleys1 ! gleam+ lake1 ! purple light ( ! hills h an effect ought to h apologiz$ be=e n[ = n hav+ /udi$ suffici5tly 9 ,cov5t ,g>d5 to be provid$ ) t]ms ( correct & classical criticism4 ,"o ( my fri5ds begg$ me to obs]ve1 ! o!r day1 t ,claude 0 pulpy2 ano!r add$ ! yet m gratify+ in=mation t he 0 juicy2 & x is n[ happily discov]$ t ,cuyp is d[ny4 ,n[ ,i d>e say t ! sky ( ?is fir/-rate ,cuyp is v l an unripe nect>9e3 all t ,i h to say ab\t x is1 t x is exce$+ly unlike a sky4 ,we may see = ourselves ,cuyp's lovely l&scapes bo? 9 ! ,national ,gall]y & at ,dulwi*4 ,paul ,pott] 0 born at ,enkhuys51 9 ,nor? ,holl&1 9 #afbe1 & 0 ! son ( a pa9t]4 ,paul ,pott] settl$1 :ile /ill v "y1 at ! ,hague z an animal pa9t]1 & di$ 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 9 #afed4 ,8 c>e]1 :i* 0 ?us brief1 _h promis$ to be v successful1 & he _h e/abli%$ 8 fame1 :ile no m ?an tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 by pa9t+ = ,pr9ce ,maurice ( ,nassau t :i* cont9ues 8 mo/ r5[n$1 ?\gh probably n 8 be/ picture1 8 ',"y ,bull1' = "s "t 9 ! ,l\vre1 n[ re/or$ to ! pa9t]'s native c\ntry1 & plac$ 9 ! ,museum at ! ,hague4 ,?is picture is consid]$ ne>ly faultless z a vigor\s1 if some:at co>se1 repres5tation ( animal life 9 ! ma9 figure2 b ,paul ,pott]'s lat] pictures1 especially 8 small] pictures ( pa/ures ) cattle fe$+1 hav+ f9e col\r+ & f9e treatm5t ( light1 are n[ reg>d$ z equally good 9 _! ess5tial excell5ces1 & ( wid] scope4 ,paul ,pott] et*$ z well z pa9t$4 ,!re is no example ( ,paul ,pott] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,jan ,david de ,heem#bf & 8 son ,cornelius1 ! fa!r born 9 #afjc1 ! son 9 #afcj1 & ,m>ia ,von ,oe/]wyck1 ! eld] man's pupil1 7 em95t ,flemi% & ,dut* fl[] & fruit pa9t]s4 ,! gorge\s bloom & mell[ rip5ess 9 "s ( ! fl[] & fruit pieces ( ,flemi% & ,dut* pa9t]s1 l ^? ,i h m5tion$1 are beyond description4 ,i w\ld h y look at !m = y\rselves1 :]e !y are well repres5t$1 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y2 ,i w\ld h y notice also h[1 z travell]s decl>e ( ! spl5d\r ( tropical fl[]s1 t !y are defici5t 9 ! t5d] sweetness & grace ( our m sob]-t9t$ & less lavi%ly-blossom+ ,engli% fl[]s2 s ^! ,flemi% & ,dut* full bl[n fl[] pieces h n a trace ( ! s5tim5t :i* mod]n fl[] pa9t]s _c help seek+1 ) good result or bad result1 to introduce into e tuft ( primroses or ( violets1 if n into e clu/] ( grapes & bun* ( *]ries4 ,f a fact :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 t s _m ,flemi% & ,dut* pictures1 :i* we may (t5 come across1 are 9 ,engl&1 ,i am sorry t my space w n suff] me to give a few special words to o!r fam\s pa9t]s ( ^! s*ools or s*ool1 = !y m]ge into "o1 to ,snyd]s1 ,jan ,/e51 ,g]>d ,d[1 ,ruysdael1 ,hobbema1 ,van de ,velde1 etc41 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,spani% ,,art--,,velasquez1 #aeii-affj--,,murillo1 #afah-afhb4 ,spani% art1 f its dawn to ! "t ( ,velasquez1 _h be5 ( a 'sev]ely devotional "*1' au/]e & =mal2 & al?\gh "o man did n "w a revolution by 8 indep5d5t example1 he did some?+ to humanize & wid5 art4 ,9 ! ri* city ( ,seville 9 #aeii1 ,diego ,rodriguez1 de ,silva y ,velasquez1--& n1 z he is incorrectly call$1 ,diego ,velasquez de ,silva1 0 born1 &1 accord+ to an ,&alusian fa%ion1 took 8 "m's "n ( ,velasquez1 :ile 8 fa!r 0 ( ! ,portuguese h\se de ,silva4 ,velasquez 0 g5tly born1 ?\gh 8 fa!r 0 9 no high] position ?an t ( a lawy] 9 ,seville4 ,! pa9t] 0 well educat$1 ?\gh1 accord+ to 8 ,engli% biograph] 7,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell71 'he 0 /ill m dilig5t 9 draw+ on 8 gramm>s & copybooks ?an 9 turn+ !m to _! legitimate use4' ,! lad's evid5t b5t induc$ 8 fa!r to pa9t]4 ,he /udi$ 9 two diff]5t ,spani% /udios1 & m>ri$ ! daught] ( 8 second ma/]1 :om ! tal5ts1 assiduity1 & good qualities ( ,velasquez _h already /rongly atta*$ to ! "y pa9t]4 ,f ! fir/1 ,velasquez /ruck out :at 0 !n a new l9e 9 ,spani% art4 ,he gave himself up to ! mat]iali/ic /udies1 to :i* ! ,flemi% & ,dut* pa9t]s 7 prone1 pa9t+ dilig5tly '/ill life' 9 e =m1 tak+ 8 liv+ subjects f ! /reets & way-sides1 & keep+ a peasant lad z an appr5tice1 ':o s]v$ him = a /udy 9 diff]5t actions & po/ures 7sometimes cry+1 sometimes laugh+71 till ,velasquez _h grappl$ ) e v>iety ( expression4' ,! result ( ^? /udies 0 ,velasquez's fam\s picture ( ! ',aguador1' or wat]-c>ri] ( ,seville1 :i* 0 c>ri$ (f by ,joseph ,buonap>te 9 8 flight f ,spa91 tak5 9 8 c>riage at ,vittoria1 & f9ally pres5t$ by ,f]d9& ,,vii1 ( ,spa91 z a grateful (f]+ to ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 9 ^: gall]y at ,apsley ,h\se ! picture rema9s4 ',x is a composition ( ?ree figures1' ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell writes2 'a sunburnt way-worn sell] ( wat]1 dress$ 9 a tatt]$ br[n j]k91 ) 8 huge e>!n j>s1 & two lads1 "o ( :om receives a sp>kl+ glass ( ! pure elem5t1 :il/ 8 companion qu5*es 8 ?ir/ f a pipk94 ,! execution ( ! heads & all ! details is p]fect2 & ! ragg$ trad] disp5s+ a few m>avidi's wor? ( 8 simple /ock1 ma9ta9s1 dur+ ! transaction1 a grave dignity ( deportm5t1 highly ,spani% & *>act]i/ic1 & wor?y ( an emp]or pl$g+ a great vassal 9 ,tokay4' ,j su* a gr\p may /ill be se51 or 0 to be se5 till v lately1 9 ! qua9t /reets ( ,seville4 ,i h read an anecdote ( ,velasquez & ?is picture1 :i* is q probable1 ?\gh ,i _c v\* = its accuracy4 ,x is said t1 :ile pa9t+ ! wat]-c>ri] day aft] day1 :5 he _h be5 engag$ ) 8 "w = sev]al h\rs1 ,velasquez f\nd himself vex$ by p]ceiv+1 z x 71 ! effect ( a %ad[ ca/ by "s ( ! drap]y4 ,small flaw z x might h be51 x appe>$ to him to int]f]e ) & spoil ! picture4 ,aga9 & aga91 9 endeav\r+ to d away ) ?is '%ad[1' ,velasquez undid portions ( 8 "w1 & _h to repeat !m next day1 b always1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 task1 ! invidi\s %ad[ /ole ^u 8 vision4 ,at la/ a fri5d1 :o 0 pres5t & full ( admiration = ! picture1 he>d ,velasquez exclaim1 ',t %ad[ aga96' & saw him seize a bru% & prep>e to da% x across ! canvas4 ,! fri5d remon/rat$1 bes\ght1 & by ma9 =ce held back ! pa9t]1 & at la/ induc$ him to leave ! picture unt\*$ till next day1 :5 ,velasquez discov]$1 to 8 great relief1 t ! %ad[ _h be5 9 8 own we>i$ "y eyes1 & n 9 8 admirable repres5tation ( ! ',wat]-c>ri]4' ,velasquez 0 9 ,madrid 9 #afbc1 :5 he 0 9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye>1 & hav+ be5 introduc$ by ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,oliv>es1 to ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 ,philip ,,iv41 a k+ :o 0 only kn[n to smile once or twice 9 8 lifetime1 ^: gov]nm5t 0 c>eless & blund]+1 b :o _h ! reputation ( be+ a man ( "s intellig5ce & v consid]able ta/e1--,velasquez 0 receiv$ into ! k+'s s]vice ) a mon?ly sal>y ( tw5ty ducats1 & employ$ to pa9t ! royal portrait4 ,f ! "t t he became c\rt pa9t]1 ,velasquez 0 l>gely occupi$ 9 pa9t+ portraits ( memb]s ( ! royal family1 ) special repetitions ( ! lik5ess ( 8 mo/ ,ca?olic ,maje/y4 ,) ,velasquez's fir/ portrait ( ,philip 9 arm\r1 m\nt$ on an ,&alusian *>g]1 ! k+ 0 s pleas$1 t he p]mitt$ ! picture to be publicly exhibit$1 amid/ ! plaudits ( ! spectators1 9 front ( ! *ur* ( ,san ,felipe el ,real 9 ,madrid4 ,nor 0 ! exhibition a b>r5 hon\r to ! pa9t]1 = ! k+ n only 'talk$ ( collect+ & 9 future ,velasquez %\ld h ! monopoly ( ! royal c\nt5ance1' he paid ?ree hundr$ ducats = ! picture4 ,ab\t ?is "t our own ,*>les ,i41 !n ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 w5t 9 8 incognito ( ,*>les ,smi? to ,madrid on 8 romantic adv5ture ( seek+ to woo & w91 p]sonally1 ! ,infanta ( ,spa91 & ,velasquez is said to h ga9$ ,*>les's notice1 & to h at lea/ begun a portrait ( him4 ,if x 7 ev] complet$ x has be5 lo/1 a mis=tune :i* has caus$ spuri\s pictures1 purport+ to be ! real "w1 to be (f]$ to ! public4 ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell holds1 ) great %[ ( tru?1 t ?is visit ( ,*>les to ,madrid1 :5 its alt>s 7 'gl[+' ) ! pictures ( ,titian1 confirm$ ! unhappy k+'s ta/e = art4 ,9 #afbh ,rub5s came to ,madrid z an envoy f ! gov]ness ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ! two pa9t]s1 :o _h _m po9ts 9 common1 & :o _h already correspond$1 became fa/ fri5ds4 ,by ! advice ( ,rub5s1 ,velasquez 0 induc$ to put into execution 8 *]i%$ desire ( visit+ ,italy1 ! k+ grant+ 8 fav\rite pa9t] leave ( abs5ce1 ! cont9uance ( 8 sal>y1 & a special sum = 8 exp5ses4 ,velasquez w5t to ,v5ice fir/1 & aft]w>ds to ,rome1 :]e he 0 (f]$1 & decl9$1 a suite ( ap>tm5ts 9 ! ,vatican1 ask+ only free access to ! papal gall]ies4 ,!re he copi$ _m portions ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ',la/ ,judgm5t'--n a hundr$ ye>s old1 & 'yet undimm$ by ! morn+ & ev5+ inc5se ( c5turies1' & portions ( ! frescoes ( ,raphael4 ,at ,rome ,velasquez f\nd !re be=e him1 ,dom5i*9o1 ,guido ,r5i1 alt]nat+ 'betwe5 ! excitem5ts ( ! gam+ table & ! sweet creations ( 8 smoo? fl[+ p5cil2' ',nicolas ,p\ss91 an adv5tur] fre% f 8 ,norman village2 & ,claude ,gelee1 a pa/ry-cook's runaway appr5tice f ,lorra9e4'#bg ,velasquez rema9$ a ye> 9 ,rome4 ,besides 8 /udies he pa9t$ ?ree orig9al pictures1 "o ( !m1 ',joseph's ,coat1' well kn[n among ! pa9t]'s comp>atively r>e religi\s works1 & n[ 9 ! ,escurial4 ,9 ?is picture 8 biograph] ackn[l$ges1 t '*oos+ r to display 8 unrivall$ skill 9 del9eat+ vulg> =ms ?an to risk 8 reputation 9 ! pursuit ( a m ref9$ & idealiz$ /yle1' ,velasquez's ',hebrew patri>*s are sw9eh]ds ( ,e/ramadura or %eph]ds ( ! ,si]ra ,mor5a4' ,f ,rome ,velasquez proce$$ to ,naples1 :]e he 0 enabl$ by 8 prud5ce & =be>ance to face )\t injury ! disgraceful 'reign ( t]ror' :i* ! ,neapolitan arti/s _h e/abli%$ 9 ! s\? ( ,italy4 ,! ,neapolitan arti/s m ?an any o!r ,italian arti/s are believ$ to h influ5c$ ,velasquez's /yle4 ,9 #afci ,velasquez pa9t$ 8 pr9cipal religi\s "w1 ',! ,crucifixion1' = ! nunn]y ( ,san ,placido 9 ,madrid1 a pa9t+ 9 :i* 8 p[] has triumph$ successfully ov] 8 halt+ imag9ation4 ,) reg>d to ! _m c\rt gr\ps :i* ,velasquez 0 con/antly tak+1 ,i may quote ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell's amus+ p>agraph ab\t a curi\s v>iety ( human be+s 9 ! ,c\rt ,gall]y4 ',! ,alcaz> ( ,madrid ab\nd$ ) dw>fs 9 ! days ( ,philip ,,iv41 :o 0 v fond ( hav+ !m ab\t him1 & collect$ curi\s specim5s ( ! race1 l o!r r>ities4 ,! ,que5 ( ,spa9's gall]y is1 9 consequ5ce1 ri* 9 portraits ( ^! little mon/]s1 execut$ by ,velasquez4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 v ugly1 display+1 sometimes 9 an extreme degree1 ! de=mities peculi> to _! /unt$ gr[?4 ,m>ia ,b>bola1 immortaliz$ by a place 9 "o ( ,velasquez's mo/ celebrat$ pictures1 0 a little dame ab\t ?ree feet & a half 9 height1 ) ! head & %\ld]s ( a l>ge woman1 & a c\nt5ance mu* und]jaw$1 & almo/ f]oci\s 9 expression4 ,h] companion1 ,nicolasito ,p]tusano1 al?\gh bett] proportion$ ?an ! lady1 & ( a m amicable aspect1 0 v inf]ior 9 elegance z a royal play?+ to 8 contempor>y1 ! valiant ,sir ,ge(frey ,hudson2 or 8 successor 9 ! next reign1 ! pretty ,luisillo ( ,que5 ,l\isa ( ,orleans4 ,velasquez pa9t$ _m portraits ( ^! little creatures1 g5]ally seat$ on ! gr\nd2 & !re is a l>ge picture 9 ! ,l\vre repres5t+ two ( !m lead+ by a cord a great spott$ h\nd1 to :i* !y be> ! same proportion t m5 ( ! usual size be> to a horse4' ,9 #afdh ,velasquez aga9 visit$ ,italy1 s5t by ! k+ ?is "t to collect works ( art = ! royal gall]ies & ! academy ab\t to be f\nd$4 ,velasquez w5t by ,g5oa1 ,milan1 ,v5ice 7buy+ !re *iefly ! works ( ,t9toret71 & ,p>ma1 to ,rome & ,naples1 return+ to ,rome4 ,at ,rome ,velasquez pa9t$ 8 spl5didly *>act]i/ic portrait ( ! ,pope ,innoc5t ,x41 'a man ( co>se features & surly expression1 & p]haps ! uglie/ ( all ! successors ( ,/ ,pet]4' ,back at ,madrid1 ,philip cont9u$ to load ,velasquez & 8 family ) fav\rs1 appo9t+ ! pa9t] ,qu>t]-,ma/]-,g5]al ( ! k+'s h\sehold ) a sal>y ( ?ree ?\s& ducats a ye>1 & ! "r ( c>ry+ at 8 girdle a key :i* op5$ e lock 9 ! palace4 ,philip is said to h rais$ ,velasquez to knigh?ood 9 a mann] z graci\s z ! mann] ( ,*>les ,v1 :5 he lift$ up ,titian's p5cil4 ,9 pa9t+ "o ( 8 mo/ r5[n$ pictures1 to :i* ,i %all ref] aga91 ',! ,maids ( ,hon\r1' ,velasquez includ$ himself at "w on a l>ge picture ( ! royal family4 ,! pa9t] repres5t$ himself ) ! key ( 8 (fice at 8 girdle1 & on 8 brea/ ! r$ cross ( ! ,ord] ( ,santiago4 ,philip1 :o came e day to see ! progress ( ?is picture1 rem>k$ 9 ref]5ce to ! figure ( ! arti/1 t '"o ?+ 0 yet want+1 & tak+ up ! bru% pa9t$ ! knightly insignia ) 8 own royal f+]s1 ?us conf]r+ ! accolade ) a weapon n recogniz$ 9 *ivalry4' ,z x is believ$1 ,velasquez's c\rt (fice1 ) all its pre/ige & influ5ce1 help$ 9 caus+ 8 dea?4 ,k+ ,philip w5t 9 ,june1 #affj1 to ! ,isle ( ,pheasants 9 ! riv] ,bidassa1 :]e1 on gr\nd :i* 0 nei!r ,spani% nor ,fr5*1 ! ,spani% & ,fr5* c\rts 7 to meet & celebrate ) ! greate/ magnific5ce ! m>riage ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que & ! ,infanta ,m>ia ,t]esa4 ,"o ( ,velasquez's (ficial duties 0 to prep>e lodg+s = ! k+ on 8 j\rneys1 & 9 ?is in/ance ! lodg+ includ$ n only ! decoration ( ! ca/le ( ,fu5t]rabia1 b ! erection ( a sumptu\s pavilion 9 :i* ! int]views ( ! assembl$ k+s & que5s & _! revelries 7 to be held4 ,velasquez did 8 "p ( ! prep>ations1 & d\btless %>$ 9 ! royal fe/ivities1 b return$ to ,madrid s worn out by 8 und]tak+1 & by con/ant att5dance on 8 ma/]1 t he 0 seiz$ ) t]tian fev]1 ( :i* he di$ a few days lat]1 :ile b 9 8 sixty-fir/ ye>1 to ! great grief ( 8 c\ntrym51 & above all ( 8 k+4 ,velasquez's wife1 ,dona ,juana1 di$ eight days aft] h] husb&1 & 0 buri$ 9 8 grave4 ,! c\ple left "o surviv+ *ild1 a daught]1 m>ri$ to a pa9t]4 ,9 "o picture1 n[ at ,vi5na1 ,velasquez gives a glimpse ( 8 family life at a "t :5 x w\ld seem t he _h f\r sons & two daught]s1 s t ! =tunate pa9t]'s home _h n be5 free f "o %ad[--t ( dea?1 :i* mu/ h robb$ him ( five ( 8 *ildr54 ,9 ?is pleasant picture1 '8 wife dress$ 9 a br[n tunic ov] a r$ petticoat1 sits 9 ! =egr\nd ( a l>ge room1 ) a pretty little girl lean+ on h] knees1 & ! re/ ( h] *ildr5 gr\p$ ar\nd h]2 beh9d are ! m5 9 deep %ad[1 "o ( !m1 p]haps1 be+ ,mazo1 ! lov] or ! husb& ( ! elde/ daught]1 & a nurse ) a *ild2 & 9 an alcove ,velasquez himself appe>s1 /&+ be=e 8 easel1 at "w on a portrait ( ,philip ,,iv4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important works ( ! ma/] out ( ! ,p59sula2 ! faces ( ! family sp>kle on ! sob] backgr\nd l gems4 ,z a piece ( easy actual life1 ! composition has nev] be5 surpass$1 & p]haps x excels ev5 ,! ,m59as1 inasmu* z ! hoops & dw>fs ( ! palace h n intrud$ ^u ! dome/ic privacy ( ! pa9t]'s home1 9 ! nor!rn gall]y4'#bh ,velasquez seems to h be5 a man ( hon\r & amiability4 ,he fill$ a difficult (fice at ! mo/ jeal\s c\rt 9 ,europe ) cr$it4 ,he 0 true to 8 fri5ds1 & helpful to 8 bro!r arti/s4 ,8 biograph] writes ( ,velasquez z h&some 9 p]son1 & describes 8 co/ume :5 he appe>$ = ! la/ "t ) 8 k+ 9 ! galas at ,pheasants' ,isle3--'ov] a dress ri*ly lac$ ) silv] he wore ! usual ,ca/ilian ruff1 & a %ort cloak embroid]$ ) ! r$ cross ( ,santiago2 ! badge ( ! ord]1 sp>kl+ ) brilliants1 0 susp5d$ f 8 neck by a gold *a92 & ! scabb>d & hilt ( 8 sword 7 ( silv]1 exquisitely *as$1 & ( ,italian workman%ip4' ,9 ! lik5ess ( ,velasquez1 :i* is ! frontispiece ( ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell's ',life1' ! pa9t] appe>s z a man ( sw>?y complexion1 ) a long compress$ upp] lip1 unconceal$ by 8 long1 elaborately trimm$ m\/a*e2 8 hair1 or wig1 is arrang$ 9 two l>ge frizz$ bun*es on ea* side ( a face :i* is incl9$ to be lant]n-jaw$4 ,he we>s a d>k d\blet ) a '/&+ :ite coll>4' ,velasquez's excell5ce z a pa9t] 0 to be f\nd1 l t ( ,rembr&t1 9 8 tru? to nature2 b ! field ( tru? pres5t$ to ! /ately ,spani>d1 :ile x _h its own ample %>e ( hum\r1 0 a widely diff]5t field f t :i* (f]$ itself to ! ,dut* burgh]4 ,toge!r ) absolute tru?1 ,velasquez _h ! ease & facility 9 express+ tru? :i* are only acquir$ by a great ma/]4 ,l ,rub5s1 ,velasquez made essays 9 _m bran*es ( pa9t+4 ,9 sacr$ art1 if we except 8 ',crucifixion1' he did n atta9 a high place4 ,) reg>d to 8 l&scapes1 ,sir ,david ,wilkie bore witness3--',titian seems 8 model1 b he has also ! bread? & picturesque effect = :i* ,claude & ,salvator ,rosa are rem>kable2' & ,sir ,david add$ ( ^? l&scapes1 '!y h ! v same sun we see1 & ! air we brea!1 ! v s\l & _s ( nature4' ,velasquez's g5re pictures1 to :i* ,i %all ref] by & by1 are excell5t1 b ! fate 0 k9d :i* conf9$ him l>gely to portrait pa9t+4 ,x 0 br\ght z a reproa* aga9/ ,velasquez 9 8 lifetime1 t he c\ld pa9t a head & no?+ else1 to :i* he repli$ ) m+l$ _s1 s5se1 & good nature1 t 8 detractors flatt]$ him1 '= he knew nobody ( :om x c\ld be said t he pa9t$ a head ?or\ghly well4' ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell ass]ts ( ,velasquez's portrait pa9t+1 t no arti/ 'ev] foll[$ nature ) m ca?olic fidelity2 8 cavali]s are z natural z 8 boors2 he nei!r ref9$ ! vulg>1 nor vulg>iz$ ! ref9$1' & goes on to quote ?is among o!r criticism3--'8 portraits baffle description & praise2 he drew ! m9ds ( m52 !y live1 brea!1 & are ready to walk out ( ! frames4' ,sir ,william w9ds up ) ! en?usia/ic decl>ation1 ',su* pictures z ^! are real hi/ory2 we "k ! p]sons ( ,philip ,,iv1 & ,oliv>es1 z famili>ly z if we _h pac$ ! av5ues ( ! ,p>do ) ,digby & ,h[ell1 & p]haps we ?9k m fav\rably ( _! *>act]s4' ,i %all borr[ /ill fur!r f ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell's graphic & ent]ta9+ book1 descriptions ( two ( ,velasquez's g5re pictures1 ',! ,maids ( ,hon\r1' & ! m celebrat$ ',sp9n]s1' bo? at ,madrid4 ',! sc5e 7( ! fir/7 is a long room 9 a qu>t] ( ! old palace :i* 0 call$ ! pr9ce's qu>t]1 & ! subject1 ,velasquez at "w on a l>ge picture ( ! royal family4 ,to ! extreme "r ( ! composition is se5 ! back ( ! easel & ! canvas on :i* he is engag$2 & beyond x spalette1 paus+ to conv]se1 & to obs]ve ! effect ( 8 p]=mance4 ,9 ! c5tre /&s ! little ,infanta ,m>ia ,m>g>ita1 tak+ a cup ( wat] f a salv] :i* ,dona ,m>ia ,augu/9a ,s>mi5to1 maid ( hon\r to ! que51 pres5ts kneel+4 ,to ! left1 ,dona ,isabel de ,velasco1 ano!r m59a1 seems to be dropp+ a c\rtesy2 & ! dw>fs1 ,m>ia ,b>bolo & ,nicolas ,p]tusano1 /& 9 ! =egr\nd1 ! little man putt+ 8 foot on ! qu>t]s ( a great tawny h\nd1 :i* despises ! aggression1 & cont9ues 9 a /ate ( solemn repose4 ,"s paces beh9d ^! figures1 ,dona ,m>cela de ,ulloa1 a lady ( hon\r 9 nun-l we$s1 & a gu>dadimas1 are se5 9 conv]sation2 at ! f> end ( ! room an op5 door gives a view ( a /aircase1 up :i* ,don ,josef ,nieto1 que5's apas5tador1 is retir+2 & ne> ?is door !re hangs on ! wall a mirror1 :i*1 reflect+ ! c\nt5ance ( ! k+ & que51 %[s t !y =m "p ( ! pr9cipal gr\p1 al?\gh plac$ beyond ! b\nds ( ! picture4 ,! room is hung ) pa9t+s :i* ,palom9o assures u are works ( ,rub5s2 & x is light$ by ?ree w9d[s 9 ! left wall1 & by ! op5 door at ! end1 an arrangem5t ( :i* an arti/ w at once compreh5d ! difficulties4 ,! p]fection ( art :i* conceals art1 0 nev] bett] atta9$ ?an 9 ?is picture4 ,velasquez seems to h anticipat$ ! discov]y ( ,dagu]re1 & tak+ a real room1 & real *ance gr\p$ p1 to h fix$ !m1 z x 7 by magic1 = all "t on 8 canvas4 ,! little fair-hair$ ,infanta is a pleas+ /udy ( *ildhood2 ) ! hang+-lip & full *eek ( ! ,au/rian family1 %e has a fre% complexion & lovely blue eyes1 & gives a promise ( beauty :i* z empress %e nev] fulfill$4 ,h] "y att5dants1 girls ( ?irte5 or f\rte51 contra/ agreeably ) ! ill-fav\r$ dw>f beside !m2 !y are v pretty1 especially ,dona ,isabel de ,velasco1 :o di$ a reign+ beauty1 & _! h&s are pa9t$ ) peculi> delicacy4 ,_! dresses are highly absurd1 _! figures be+ conceal$ by long /iff corsets & prodigi\s hoops2 = ^! 7 ! days :5 ! mode 0-- ,support]s1 poot]s1 f>d+ales1 above ! loynes to we>e2 & ! gu>da9fante1 ! oval hoop peculi> to ,spa91 0 9 full bl[2 & ! robes ( a d[ag] might h curta9$ ! tun ( ,heidelb]g1 & ! p[]s ( ,velasquez 7 baffl$ by ! p]v]se fancy ( ,fribble1 ! woman's tailor4 ,! g5tle & maje/ic h\nd1 /ret*+ himself & w9k+ dr[sily1 is admirably pa9t$1 & seems a desc5dant ( ! royal bre$ immortaliz$ by ,titian 9 portraits ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les & 8 son4' ',! ,sp9n]s3' ',! sc5e is a l>ge weav+-room1 9 :i* an old woman & "y "o sit1 ! fir/ at h] sp9n+-:eel1 & ! second w9d+ y>n1 ) ?ree girls beside !m1 "o ( :om plays ) a cat4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 /&+ )9 an alcove fill$ ) ! light f an unse5 w9d[1 are two o!r wom5 display+ a l>ge piece ( tape/ry to a lady cu/om]1 ^: graceful figure recalls t :i* has giv5 its "n to ,t]burg's picture ( ,! ,sat9 ,g[n4 ,( ! composition1 ! pa9t] ,m5gs obs]v$1 x seem$ z if ! h& _h no "p 9 x1 & x _h be5 ! "w ( pure ?\ght4' ,velasquez1 :o mu/ h se5 _m a bull fight1 has left ! _w a f9e example ( field sports 9 ',! ,bo> ,hunt1' 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 a picture :i* 0 b\ght = two ?\s& two hundr$ p\nds f ,"l ,c[ley4 ,:5 ambassador at ! ,c\rt ( ,spa91 x 0 giv5 to him by ,f]d9& ,,vii4 ,9 a circul> p5 9 ! ,p>do1 ',philip ,,iv4 & a p>ty ( cavali]s display _! skill 9 slay+ bo>s1 to a few ladies1 :o sit secure 9 heavy old-fa%ion$ blue coa*es1' :ile motley gr\ps ( c\rti]s & peasants1 huntsm5 & h\nds1 po/ilions & _! mules fill ! =egr\nd4 ,sir ,edw9 ,l&se] rem>k$ ( ?is picture t he _h nev] be=e se5 's mu* l>ge art on s small a scale4' ,b>tolome ,e/evan ,murillo 0 born at ,seville 9 #afah1 & 0 !re=e ne>ly tw5ty ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 great c\ntryman ,velasquez4 ,murillo seems to h be5 ( obscure orig91 & to h begun 8 life 9 humble circum/ances4 ,!re are traditions ( 8 be+ self-taught1 ( 8 /udy+ ragg$ boys1 himself little m ?an a boy1 9 ! gypsy qu>t] ( ,triana 9 ,seville2 ( 8 pa9t+ 9 ! m>ketplace1 :]e he probably f\nd ! orig9als ( ! heads ( sa9ts & ,madonnas 7by :i* he made a little money 9 sell+ !m = ,s\? ,am]ica7 9 ! peasants :o came to ,seville ) _! fruit & vegetables4 ,9 #afdb1 ,murillo1 !n tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age1 visit$ ,madrid1 & 0 k9dly receiv$1 & aid$ 9 8 art by 8 s5ior & fell[ arti/1 ! c\rt pa9t]1 ,velasquez4 ,x _h be5 ,murillo's int5tion to proce$ to ,engl& to /udy "u ,van ,dyck1 b ! dea? ( ! latt] put a /op to ! project4 ,murillo 0 prev5t$ f mak+ ! pa9t]'s pilgrimage to ,italy by want ( means1 b ! loss ( culture 0 s f> suppli$ by ! in/ructions giv5 to him by ,velasquez4 ,9 #afde1 :5 ,murillo 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 he return$ to ,seville1 & settl$ !re1 becom+ z successful z he des]v$2 & be+ ackn[l$g$ z ! head ( ! s*ool ( ,seville1 :]e he e/abli%$ ! ,academy ( ,art1 & 0 its fir/ presid5t4 ,murillo m>ri$1 9 #afdh1 a lady ( "s =tune1 & 0 accu/om$ to ent]ta9 at 8 h\se ! mo/ exclusive society ( ,seville4 ,9 #afhb1 ,murillo 0 at ,cadiz pa9t+ a picture ( ! m>riage ( ,/ ,ca!r9e 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,capu*9s !re1 :51 9 consequ5ce ( ! accid5tal fall ( ! scaffold+1 he receiv$ s sev]e an injury1 t he 0 =c$ to leave 8 "w incomplete1 & to return to ,seville1 :]e he di$ )9 a few weeks1 ag$ sixty-f\r ye>s4 ,he _h two sons1 & an only daught]1 :o 0 a nun1 hav+ tak5 ! veil eight ye>s be=e h] fa!r's dea?4 ,murillo appe>s to h be5 9 "* a g5tle1 en?usia/ic man1 n )\t a t\* ( fun & frolic4 ,he w\ld rema9 = h\rs 9 ! sacri/y ( ! ca!dral ( ,seville be=e '! solemn awful picture ( ! ',deposition f ! ,cross1' by ,p$ro de ,campana4 ,:5 ,murillo 0 ask$ by ! sacri/an :y he /ood ?us gaz+ !re1 ! pa9t] answ]$1 ',i am wait+ till ^! holy m5 h f9i%$ _! "w4' ,by 8 own desire1 ,murillo 0 buri$ be=e ?is picture4 ,be=e ano!r 'too tru?ful picture ( ,las dos ,cadav]es' 9 ! small *ur* ( ! hospital ( ! ,c>idad1 ,murillo us$ to hold 8 nose4 ,"o ( ,murillo's pictures has ! odd "n ( ',la ,virg5 ,s>villeta1' or ! ,virg9 ( ! ,napk94 ,murillo 0 work+ at ! ,conv5to de la ,m]c$1 :i* is almo/ fill$ ) 8 works1 :5 ! cook ( ! conv5t begg$ a memorial ( him1 (f]+ z ! canvas a napk91 on :i* ,murillo at once pa9t$ a 'brilliant gl[+ ,madonna1' ) a *ild1 ':i* seems q to b\nd =w>d out ( ! picture4'#bi ,murillo's portrait by himself repres5ts him 9 a d>k d\blet hav+ wide sleeves & a squ>e coll> clos$ 9 front4 ,8 ?umb is 9 8 pallet1 & ! o!r h&1 ) f+]s tap] & delicate z ^? ( a h& by ,van ,dyck1 holds "o ( 8 bru%es4 ,! smoo? face1 ) regul> features1 is pale & ?\ghtful1 & ) ! womanl9ess ( ! aspect increas$ f ! d>k hair1 :i* is divid$ slightly to "o side1 be+ all[$ to fall d[n 9 long wavy curls on ! %\ld]s4 ,9 spite ( ! naturali/ic /udies ( 8 e>ly y\?1 & ev5 ( ! naturali/ic treatm5t :i* he gave to 8 fir/ religi\s "w1 ,murillo 0 possess$ ( great] & high] imag9ation ?an ,velasquez c\ld claim1 & ! long] ,murillo liv$ & work$ ! m ref9$ & exalt$ 8 ideas became4 ,unlike ,velasquez1 ,murillo 0 a great religi\s pa9t]1 & dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he pa9t$ sacr$ subjects almo/ exclusively4 ,b1 l ,velasquez1 ,murillo 0 em95tly a ,spani% pa9t]--8 virg9s are d>k-ey$1 olive-complexion$ maid5s1 & ev5 8 ,holy ,*ild is a ,spani% babe4 ,)\t ! elevation & ! tra9+ ( ! be/ ,italian pa9t]s1 ,murillo has left abundant pro(s ( great orig9al g5ius4 ,! pa9t]'s works are widely circulat$1 b ! *ief are /ill 9 ,seville4 ,six are 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,c>idad1 & ^! six include 8 fam\s ',moses /rik+ ! ,rock1' & 8 ',miracle ( ! ,loaves & ,fi%es2' sev5 ',murillos' are 9 ! ,conv5to de la ,m]c$1 among !m ,murillo's own fav\rite picture1 :i* he call$ ',mi ,cicadro' ( ',/ ,?omas ( ,villaneuva4' ',/ ,?omas 0 ! fav\rite prea*] ( ,*>les ,v41 & 0 creat$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,val5cia1 :]e he seem$ to sp5d ! :ole ( 8 rev5ues 9 *>ity1 yet nev] contract$ any debt1 s t 8 p us$ to believe t angels mu/ m9i/] to 8 temporal wants4 ,he is repres5t$ at 8 ca!dral door1 di/ribut+ alms1 rob$ 9 black1 ) a :ite mitre4 ,a poor cripple kneels at 8 feet1 & o!r m5dicants are gr\p$ ar\nd4' ,9 ! ca!dral1 ,seville1 is ,murillo's ',angel de la ,gu>da1' '9 :i* a glori\s s]aph1 ) spread+ w+s1 leads a little tru/ful *ild by ! h&1 & directs him to look beyond e>? into ! heav5ly light2' & 8 ',/ ,antonio4' ',! sa9t is repres5t$ kneel+ 9 a cell1 ( :i* all ! poor details are fai?fully giv51 :ile ! long arcade ( ! cloi/] c be se5 ?r\gh ! half-op5 door4 ,above1 9 a transp>5t light1 :i* gr[s f himself1 ! ,*ild ,jesus appe>s1 & desc5ds1 float+ ?r\gh wrea?s ( angels1 drawn d[n by ! p[] ( pray]4'#cj ,ano!r ( ,murillo's r5[n$ pictures is t ( ! patron sa9ts ( ,seville1 ',santa ,ruf9a & ,santa ,ju/9a1' :o 7 /on$ to dea? = refus+ to b[ d[n to ! image ( ,v5us4 ,) reg>d to ,murillo's pictures ( fl[]-girls & begg>-boys1 ,i ?9k my read]s are sure to h se5 an engrav+ ( "o ( ! =m]1 ',! ,fl[]-,girl1' z x is call$1 ) a face z fre% & radiant z h] fl[]s4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y !re is a l>ge ,holy ,family ( ,murillo's1 & 9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y !re is a laugh+ boy1 an irresi/ible specim5 ( br[n-*eek$1 :ite-tee!d droll]y4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,art--,,nicolas ,,p\ss91 #aeid-affe--;,,claude#ca ,,lorra9e1 #afjj-afhb--;,,*>les ,,le ,,brun1 #afai-afij--,,watteau1 #afhd-agba--;,,greuze1 #agbf-ahje4 ,nicolas ,p\ss9 0 born at ,&ely 9 ,norm&y 9 #aeid4 ,( 8 p>5tage little seems to h be5 asc]ta9$1 b x is believ$ t he 0 well educat$1 & 8 classical le>n+ 9 aft] life 0 reckon$ great4 ,he 0 regul>ly tra9$ to be a pa9t] "u a ma/] 9 8 native t[n1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,p>is4 ,dissatisfi$ ) ! patronage :i* he receiv$ 9 ,p>is1 ,p\ss9 w5t to ,rome :5 he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,9 ,rome he is said to h liv$ on famili> t]ms ) a sculptor ^: devotion to antique art influ5c$ 8 ta/e1 & l5t x ! /rong classical b5t :i* x reta9$4 ,p\ss9 /udi$ regul>ly 9 ! s*ool ( ,dom5i*9o4 ,aft] "s delay 9 attract+ public notice1 ',! ,dea? ( ,g]manicus1' & ',! ,capture ( ,j]usalem1' :i* ,p\ss9 pa9t$ = ,c>d9al ,b>b]9i1 won g5]al approval4 ,9 #afbi1 :5 ,nicolas ,p\ss9 0 9 8 ?irty-fif? ye>1 he m>ri$ ! si/] ( 8 pupil1 ,gasp> ,dughet1 :o took ,p\ss9's "n1 & is kn[n z a pa9t]1 inf]ior to 8 ma/]1 by ! "n ( ,gasp> ,p\ss94 ,nicolas ,p\ss9 return$ to ,p>is :5 he 0 a middle-ag$ man1 0 pres5t$ to ! k+1 ,l\is ,,xiii41 by ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 & (f]$ ap>tm5ts 9 ! ,tuil]ies1 ) ! title ( pa9t] 9 ord9>y1 & a sal>y ( a hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds a ye>4 ,p\ss9 agre$ to settle 9 ,p>is1 b on 8 go+ back to ,rome to fet* 8 wife1 & on ! ,k+ ( ,france's dy+1 ! attractions ( ! ,et]nal ,city prov$ too great = ! pa9t]1 & 9 place ( remov+ 8 home to 8 native c\ntry1 he liv$ = ! re/ ( 8 ye>s 9 ,rome1 & di$ !re 9 #affe1 :5 he 0 sev5ty-"o ye>s ( age4 ,except :at c be judg$ ( him f 8 "w1 ,i d n "k t mu* has be5 ga!r$ ( ! private "* & life ( ,nicolas ,p\ss91 not)/&+ t !re 0 a biography writt5 ( him fifty ye>s ago by ,lady ,calcott1 & t 8 lett]s h be5 publi%$ 9 ,p>is4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( conclusive te/imony "o may conclude ) "s probability t he 0 'quiet1' l 8 be/ pa9t+s2 a man :o m9d$ 8 own bus9ess1 & did n tr\ble ! _w by a/oni%+ actions1 good or bad4#cb ,9 pa9t+ 8 own picture1 f :i* an engrav+ has be5 tak51 ,p\ss9's classical pref]5ces seem to h pass$ into ! lik5ess1 = 9 ! dress ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! cloak 7n unlike a toga71 ! massive h& ) ! heavy signet-r+ re/+ on :at looks l a clos$ portfolio1 ! pa9t] has some?+ ( ! sev]e air & haughty expression ( an old ,roman2 /ill m1 p]haps1 ( ! ,fr5*-,romans1 if ,i may call !m s1 ( :om revolution>y times ne>ly two c5turies lat]1 af=d$ s _m examples4 ,?is is a h&some1 dignifi$ face1 ) au/]ity 9 its pride4 ,! slightly curl$ hair is ?r[n back ) a c]ta9 consci\sness f ! knit br[1 & f ! %\ld]s4 ,!re is only ! fa9te/ %ad[ ( a m\/a*e ov] ! cleanly cut1 firmly clos$ m\?4 ,p\ss9 pa9t$ l>gely1 & 8 pictures h be5 (t5 engrav$4 ,) h>moni\s composition1 good draw+ & col\r+1 8 pictures alike pr(it$ & suff]$ f ! classical atmosph]e 9 :i* !y _h _! be+4 ,!y ga9$ 9 t correctness :i* 9 its highe/ =m becomes noble tru?fulness1 b !y lo/ 9 fre$om4 ,! figures 9 ! pictures _h frequ5tly ! /atuesqu5ess :i* 9 sculpture suits ! mat]ial1 b 9 pa9t+ is /iffness4 ,nicolas ,p\ss9 _h an exceptional reputation = a hi/orical pa9t] 9 8 day4 ,z a l&scape pa9t]1 ,mr ,rusk91 :ile wag+ w> ) ,nicolas ,p\ss9's bro!r-9-law & assum$ namesake1 ,gasp>1 notably excepts ,nicolas f 8 sev]e/ /rictures1 & treats 8 ef=ts 9 l&scape pa9t+ ) m>k$ respect4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ! critic c5sures ! pa9t] = a want ( ?or\gh acqua9tance ) nature1 & ! laws ( nature1 ignorance n uncommon 9 any day1 & ne>ly univ]sal 9 ,nicolas ,p\ss9's day4 ',! great ma/] ( elevat$ ideal l&scape1' ,mr ,rusk9 calls ,nicolas ,p\ss91 & illu/rates 8 excell5ce 9 "o respect1 aft] contra/+ x ) ! slov5l9ess ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 by describ+ ! v9e 9 ,p\ss9's ',nurs+ ( ,jupit]1' 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 ?us3-- ',e v9e-leaf1 drawn ) consummate skill & untir+ dilig5ce1 produces n only a true gr\p ( ! mo/ p]fect grace & beauty1 b "o :i* 9 its pure & simple tru? belongs to e age ( nature1 & adapts itself to ! hi/ory ( all "t4' ',"o ( ! f9e/ l&scapes t anci5t art has produc$1 ! "w ( a really great m9d1' ,mr ,rusk9 di/+ui%es ! ',phocian' ( ,nicolas ,p\ss9 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 be=e proce$+ to po9t out its faults4 ,aga91 ,mr ,rusk91 writ+ ( ! /reet 9 ! c5tre ( ano!r l&scape by ,nicolas ,p\ss91 indicates x ) emphasis3--'! /reet 9 ! c5tre ( ! really great l&scape ( ,p\ss9 7great 9 feel+1 at lea/7 m>k$ #bfj 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1' ,! criticism ) :i* ,mr ,rusk9 foll[s up ?is praise is s p]fect a bit ( ^w-pa9t+1 t ,i _c refra9 f writ+ x d[n "h4 ',! h\ses are dead squ>e masses1 ) a light side & a d>k side1 & black t\*es = w9d[s4 ,!re is no sugge/ion ( any?+ 9 any ( ! spaces1 ! light wall is dead grey1 ! d>k wall dead grey1 & ! w9d[s dead black4 ,h[ diff]5tly w\ld nature h treat$ u4 ,%e w\ld h let u see ! ,indian corn hang+ on ! walls1 & ! image ( ! ,virg9 ( ! til$ eaves1 & ! deep ribb$ tiles ) ! doves ^u !m1 & ! c>v$ ,roman capital built into ! wall1 & ! :ite & blue /ripes ( ! mattresses /uff$ out ( ! w9d[s1 & ! flapp+ corn]s ( ! neat bl9ds4 ,all w\ld h be5 !re2 n z su*1 n l ! corn1 nor bl9ds1 nor tiles1 n to be compreh5d$ nor und]/ood1 b a confusion ( yell[ & black spots & /rokes1 c>ri$ f> too f9e = ! eye to foll[2 microscopic 9 its m9ut5ess1 & fill+ e atom & space ) my/]y1 out ( :i* w\ld h arrang$ itself ! g5]al impression ( tru? & life4' ,once m1 ,mr ,rusk9 freely admits t 'all ! l&scape ( ,nicolas ,p\ss9 is imag9ation4' ,mr ,rusk9's fir/ def9ition ( ideal l&scape is 9 ?is mann]4 ,e diff]5t tree & leaf1 e bud1 has a p]fect =m1 :i*1 7 x n = disease or accid5t1 x w\ld h atta9$2 j z e individual human face has an ideal =m1 :i* b = s9 & suff]+ x w\ld pres5t3 & ! ideal l&scape-pa9t] has realiz$ ! p]fect =m1 & (f]s x to ! _w1 & t 9 a s5se q di/9ct f ! fallacy ( improv+ nature4 ,b ,i wi% to take my read]s fur!r into imag9ative l&scape1 & to %[ x to !m1 if possible1 "u additional lights4 ,i despair ( succe$+ if ,i _c d x by "o or two simple examples4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh a gall]y we may /op be=e a picture to be /ruck1 almo/ />tl$1 by ! exact copy :i* x pres5ts ( "s sc5e 9 nature2 h[ l ! cl\ds 9 ! sky1 ! leaves on ! trees1 ! v plumage ( ! birds6 ,b pass on to ano!r picture :i* may or may n h ! same exact lik5ess1 & we are possess$ ) q ano!r feel+2 in/ead ( be+ m]ely surpris$ by ! clev]ness ( ! imitation1 we feel a ?rill ( delight at a reproduction ( nature4 ,9 ?is picture !re are n only ! cl\ds we rememb]1 b we c almo/ feel ! %ad[s :i* !y ca/1 & ! air :i* /irs !m4 ,^! tree-leaves are n only gre51 or yell[1 or russet1 !y are t5d]1 or crisp liv+ leaves4 ,"o half expects to see ! birds' ?roats swell1 & he> ! sweetness or ! %rillness ( _! songs4 ,! fir/ picture1 ) all its correctness1 brightness1 ri*ness1 or delicacy x may be1 rema9s b>e1 h>d1 & b>r51 comp>$ to ! second4 ,i _c expla9 to my read]s ! cause ( ! diff]5ce1 ,i c ,only %[ x to !m z !y may see x = !mselves1 & say t ,i suppose x proce$s f ?is--t ! second pa9t] has se5 f>!r into ! he>t ( nature ?an ! fir/1 & has be5 able by subtl] t\*es to make u see ) 8 eyes4 ,b imag9ative l&scape is mu* m ?an ?is vivid feel+ & expression ( nature2 !re is n a cl\d1 or leaf1 or bird too _m or out ( keep+ ) ! place & ! h\r4 ,! cl\ds are ! v cl\ds ( sunset1 or sunrise1 or high noon--cl\ds diff]+ widely f ea* o!r1 z y h no d\bt obs]v$4 ,! trees are ! bee*es1 or *e/nuts1 or p9es1 :i* w\ld gr[ on ! con=mation ( rocks1 9 ! %elt]$ nook1 or on ! breezy upl&2 ! birds are ! l9nets or ! l>ks1 ! ?ru%es or ! lapw+s1 :i* frequ5t ^! special trees1 & may be se5 & he>d at ?is p>ticul> h\r4 ,aga91 l&scape (t5 tells a /ory1 & tells x inimitably4 ,my read]s h he>d ( ! ballad ( ! ',two ,corbies1' :i* ! writ] ( ! ballad has made to meet & tell gruesomely :]e & on :at c>rion _! fea/ has be54 ,suppose ! writ] ( ! ballad _h be5 a pa9t]1 he might h pa9t$ ! /ory z intelligibly by ! lone hill-side1 ! blea*+ bones ( ! fai?ful h\nd & gallant grey1 ! two loa?ly blue-black birds satiat$ ) _! prey4 ,!re is a significant old ,scot* song ) a ballad r+1 by ,lady ,nairne1 two v]ses ( :i* =m ea* a complete picture n only ( diff]5t seasons1 b ( diff]5t phases ( feel+--happ9ess & mis]y4 ',bonnie ran ! burnie d[n1 ,w&]+ & w9d+2 ,sweetly sang ! birds aboon1 ,c>e nev] m9d+4 ',b n[ ! burn comes d[n apace1 ,ro>+ & ream+1 ,& = ! wee birdies' sang ,wild h[lets scream+4' ,imag9e ^! two v]ses pa9t$1 & ! pa9t]1 f a lack ( compreh5sion1 introduc+ ! 'wild h[lets scream+' beside ! burnie1 'w&]+ & w9d+1' & ! 'wee birdies' fooli%ly & inconsequ5tly s++ ) _! feeble song dr[n$ 9 ! ru% ( ! burn 7no long] a burnie71 'ro>+ & ream+1' :5 ! 'spate' is spread+ desolation on e side4 ,don't y see h[ ! picture w\ld be spoilt1 & ! /ory ( complete contra/ left untold8 ,i h tak5 advis$ly an extreme &1 !re=e an unlikely case ( halt+ imag9ation4 ,b 9 imag9ative l&scape e ':ite fl[] ) its purple /a91' e cru%$ butt]fly1 is made to play its "p 9 ! :ole1 & at ! same "t due proportion is nev] lo/ sight (1 & ! less is always kept subord9ate to ! great]4 ,i h already _h occasion to m5tion examples ( ,nicolas ,p\ss9 9 ! ,national ,gall]y & 9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,claude ,gelee1 bett] kn[n z ,claude ,lorra9e1 0 a native ( ,lorra9e1 & 0 born at ,*ateau de ,*amagne 9 ! ,vosges1 9 #afjj4 ,8 p>5ts 7 9 humble life1 & appr5tic$ ,claude to a bak] & pa/ry-cook4 ,accord+ to "s biograph]s ! cooks ( ,lorra9e 7 9 su* reque/ t !y occasionally repair$ to ,rome ) _! appr5tices 9 _! tra9 to s]ve ! successor ( ,/ ,pet]1 & ,claude 0 ?us c>ri$1 9 ! way ( trade1 to ! city :i* might well h be5 ! goal ( 8 ambition4 ,accord+ to o!r writ]s ( art hi/ories1 ,claude ab&on$ ! knead+-tr\gh & ! ov52 & x 0 z a runaway appr5tice t by "s occult means he rea*$ ,rome4 ,& :5 he _h arriv$ he ent]$ into ! s]vice ( a l&scape pa9t] ( good repute1 to :om he 0 col\r-boy z well z cook4 ,! la/ is ! acc\nt1 s f>1 :i* ,claude gave ( himself to a fri5d1 & x is h>dly likely ei!r t he misrepres5t$ 8 hi/ory1 or t 8 fri5d inv5t$ su* details1 ?\gh lately ,fr5* au?orities h que/ion$ ! au!nticity ( ! n>rative4 ,claude rema9$ = ne>ly ! entire rema9d] ( a long life 9 ,rome4 ,he only once re-visit$ ,france1 :ile he 0 yet a "y man1 "u ?irty ye>s ( age1 9 #afbe or #afbg4 ,he is suppos$ to h pa9t$ 8 e>lie/ pictures & execut$ 8 et*+s ab\t ?is "t1 #afcj & to h pa9t$ 8 be/ pictures fifte5 ye>s lat]1 :5 he 0 9 ! maturity ( 8 life & p[]s4 ,he 0 c\nt$ successful dur+ 8 life "t1 z a l&scape pa9t]1 b did n amass a l>g] =tune ?an ab\t two ?\s& p\nds4#cc ,he 0 a sl[ & c>eful pa9t] 7work+ a =tnight at a picture ) little app>5t progress72 8 pa9/ak+ "w1 & 8 cu/om ( keep+ a book1 9 :i* he v]ifi$ 8 pictures1 are ab\t ! mo/ t ,i c tell y ( ! habits ( "o ( ! =eign pa9t]s1 :o has be5 mo/ fully repres5t$ 9 ,engl&1 & 0 long 9 ! highe/ fav\r ) ,engli% lov]s ( art4 ,claude ,lorra9e di$ at ,rome 9 ! eighty-?ird ye> ( 8 age1 9 #afhb4 ,claude ,lorra9e's "n has become a v vex$ "n ) art critics4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 he _h an unsurpass$ reputation z a l&scape pa9t]4 ,! possession ( a ,claude 0 en\gh to conf] art glory on a c\ntry-h\se1 & possibly = ?is reason ,engl&1 9 public & private collections1 has m ',claudes' ?an are held by any o!r c\ntry4 ,b ,claude's admir]s1 among :om ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 ! great art critic ( 8 g5]ation1 took ! lead1 h _h _! day1 &1 if !y h n by any means pass$ away1 are on ! wane4 ,! wra?ful indignation ( ! ,engli% l&scape pa9t]1 ,turn]1 at ! praise :i* 0 s glibly lavi%$ on ,claude--an indignation t caus$ ,turn] to bequea? two ( 8 own l&scape pa9t+s to ! tru/ees ( ! ,national ,gall]y1 on ! cau/ic condition t !y %\ld always be plac$ betwe5 ! two celebrat$ ',claudes1' kn[n z ',! ,m>riage ( ,isaac & ,rebecca' & ',! ,emb>kation ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba'--help$ to %ake ! ,engli% art _w's fai? 9 its =m] idol4 ,mr ,rusk9's adoption & proclamation ( ,turn]'s op9ion %ook ! old fai? /ill fur!r4 ,?is rev]sal ( a v]dict ) reg>d to ,claude is peculi>2 x is by no means uncommon = ! decision ( contempor>ies to be set aside1 & we %all he> ( an in/ance pres5tly1 9 ! case ( ! pa9t] ,le ,brun4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 om9\s ) reg>d to a man's future fame1 :5 he is 'cri$ up to ! skies' 9 8 own day4 ,! probability may be t 8 easy success has be5 won by some?+ sup]ficial & fleet+4 ,b ,claude's great popul>ity has be5 9 ano!r g5]ation1 & ) ano!r nation4 ,engli% ta/e may h be5 9 fault2 or ano!r explanation seems pref]able--t ,claude's s5se ( beauty 0 great1 ) all its faults ( expression1 & he gave su* glimpses ( a beautiful _w z ! gaz]s on 8 pictures 7 capable ( receiv+1 :i* to !m prov$ irresi/ible4 ,:ile ,claude adopt$ an orig9al /yle z a l&scape pa9t]1 s f> z 8 contempor>ies 7 conc]n$1 he 0 to su* a degree self taught1 & only p>tially taught1 t x is said he nev] le>nt to pa9t figures--^? 9 8 pictures 7 pa9t$ by o!r pa9t]s1 & t ,claude ev5 pa9t$ animals badly4 ,mr ,rusk9 has be5 h>d on ,claude1 :e!r ju/ly or unju/ly1 ,i _c pret5d to say4 ,! critic d5ies ! pa9t] n only a s5se ( tru? 9 art1 b all imag9ation z a l&scape pa9t] ',( m5 ( "n1' ,mr ,rusk9 writes1 ',p]haps ,claude is ! be/ in/ance ( a want ( imag9ation1 ne>ly total1 borne out by pa9ful b untaught /udy ( nature1 & mu* feel+ = ab/ract beauty ( =m1 ) none :atev] = h>mony ( expression4' ,mr ,rusk9 condemns 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms '! m\rn+ & murky olive br[ns & v]digris gre5s1 9 :i* ,claude1 ) ! indu/ry & intellig5ce ( a ,sevres *9a pa9t]1 drags ! labori\s bramble leaves ov] 8 *ildi% =egr\nd4' ,b ,mr ,rusk9 himself ackn[l$ges1 ) a res]vation1 ,claude's *>m 9 foliage1 & pron\nces m conditionally 8 p[]1 :5 x 0 at its be/1 9 skies--a region 9 :i* ! great]1 z well z ! less1 ,p\ss9 0 decl>$ to fail signally2 'a p]fectly g5u9e & unt\*$ sky ( ,claude1' ,mr ,rusk9 writes1 'is inde$ mo/ p]fect1 & beyond praise1 9 all qualities ( air2 ?\gh ev5 ) him ,i (t5 feel r t !re is a great deal ( pleasant air betwe5 me & ! firmam5t1 ?an t ! firmam5t itself is only air4' ,:5 all has be5 said t c be said1 let u look at a mell[ or a sunny ,claude on any wall :]e x may hang1 & judge = ourselves ( ! satisfaction x is calculat$ to give4 ,claude 0 fond ( pa9t+ sc5es on ! ,tib] & 9 ! ,roman ,campagna1 b :ile he tri$ to reproduce ! hills & woodl&s ( ,italy1 he did n seek to pa9t ! m\nta9 l&scapes ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,besides ,claude's num]\s works 9 ,engl& & scatt]$ ?r\gh o!r c\ntries1 "s ( 8 f9e/ pa9t+s are 9 ! ,doria & ,sci>ra palaces 9 ,rome4 ,he r>ely put 8 "n to 8 works2 :5 he did s he sign$ x frequ5tly ',claudio1' sometimes ',claudius4' ,i h spok5 ( 8 book ( sket*es1 9 :i* he _h be5 wont to note on ! back ( ! sket* ! date ( ! complet$ picture1 & to :om sold4 ,?is book he call$ ! ',libro di ,v]ita1' or1 ,book ( ,tru?1 & its app>5t use 0 to *eck ! sale ( spuri\s pa9t+s 9 ,claude's "n1 ev5 dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,! ',book ( ,tru?' is 9 possession ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 & has be5 employ$ 9 rec5t ye>s ) ref]5ce to ! end = :i* x seem$ design$1 s woe to t c\ntry-h\se :i* has long pride t ',claude' does n happ5 to h a place 9 ! ',book ( ,tru?1' ?\gh ,i d n "k t x is at all c]ta9 t ,claude took ! precaution ( inscrib+ e pa9t+ :i* he pa9t$ aft] a c]ta9 date 9 ! ',book ( ,tru?4' ,claude ,lorra9e is well repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,engrav+s ( 8 pictures are common4 ,*>les le ,brun 0 born 9 ,p>is1 9 #afai4 ,he 0 tra9$ to be a pa9t]1 & w5t "y to ,rome1 /udy+ !re = six ye>s "u ! guidance ( ,nicolas ,p\ss94 ,le ,brun return$ to ,p>is1 &1 ?r\gh ! patronage ( ! ,*ancellor ,segni]1 0 introduc$ to ! c\rt1 & got ! mo/ fav\rable opportunities ( practis+ 8 pr(ession ) worldly success4 ,he spe$ily acquir$ a great "n1 & 0 appo9t$ pa9t] to ! ,k+1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,le ,brun _h en\gh influ5ce ) 8 royal ma/]1 & ) ! great m9i/] ,colb]t1 to succe$ 9 e/abli%+1 :ile ! pa9t] 0 yet a "y man1 ! ,royal ,academy ( ,art1 ( :i* he 0 ! fir/ memb]1 & virtually ! head1 hold+1 9 8 own p]son1 ! director%ip ( ! ,gobel9 tape/ry works1 :i* 0 to be ! privilege ( a memb] ( ! ,academy4 ,le ,brun cont9u$ 9 ! utmo/ fav\r ) ! ,k+1 :o1 n cont5t ) employ+ ! pa9t] l>gely at ,fonta9ebleau & 9 ,v]sailles1 inve/$ him ) ! ord] ( ,/ ,mi*ael1 be/[$ on him lett]s ( nobility1 & visit$ him frequ5tly at 8 "w1 occasions :5 !re 7 n want+ adroit c\rti]s to lik5 ! ,gr& ,mon>que to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 & ,le ,brun to ,titian4 ,le ,brun seems to h be5 a man ( en]gy1 confid5ce1 & indu/ry1 nei!r m5tally be=e nor aft] 8 "t1 & by no means too retir+1 m$itative1 or orig9al1 to fail to pr(it by 8 outw>d good =tune4 ,he wrote1 z well z pa9t$1 arti/ic treatises1 :i* 7 receiv$ z oracul> utt]ances1 & entirely def]r$ to 9 ! s*ools ( 8 day4 ,he di$ at ,p>is 9 #afij1 :5 he 0 9 8 sev5tie? ye>4 ,le ,brun's real m]its z a pa9t] 7 limit$ to respectable abilities & acquirem5ts1 toge!r ) florid quickness & ease1 & su* an eye to :at 0 spl5did & sc5ic z suit$ admirably a decorator ( palaces 9 an age :i* priz$ sumptu\sness1 & an exagg]ation ( dramatic effect1 ov] e o!r quality4 ,nicolas ,p\ss9's quiet ref9em5t ( /yle became 9 ,le ,brun :at is call$ academic 7conv5tionally le>n$71 pomp\s1 & gr&iose1 & m5 decid$ly pref]r$ ! deg5]ation4 ,b lat] critics1 :o h n ! natural p>tiality ( ! ,fr5* to ! old ma/]1 return to _! fir/ loves1 & condemn ,le ,brun's swell+ viol5ce1 bo? 9 ! t9ts & poses ( 8 figures4 ,among 8 mo/ fam\s works1 :i* h be5 magnific5tly engrav$1 are 8 ',battles ( ,alex&]4' ,anto9e ,watteau 0 born at ,val5ci5nes 9 #afhd4 ,a v diff]5t pa9t] f ,le ,brun1 he 0 yet z *>act]i/ic ( ,fr5* art 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,i ?9k my read]s mu/ be famili> ) 8 "n1 & ,i d>e say !y associate x1 z ,i d1 n only ) ! fans :i* 7 pa9t$ l>gely aft] 8 designs1 b ) mock pa/orals & ,sevres *9a4 ,i don't "k if 8 bir?-place at ,val5ci5nes1 ) its *ief product ( da9ty lace1 _h any?+ to d ) x1 b ! o!r items ( poor ,watteau's hi/ory are consid]ably remov$ f ! v artificial grace :i* "o connects ) 8 "n4 ,he 0 ! son ( a c>p5t]1 & /ruggl$ up1 by ! h>d in/rum5tality ( ?ird-rate ma/]s & ( picture-deal]s1 to ! rank :i* he atta9$ among arti/s1 tak+ 8 /& f ! fir/1 h[ev]1 z ! pa9t] ( well-br$1 well-app>ell$ p--! frequ5t]s ( bals masques1 & fetes *ampetres1 :o 7 only play+ at %eph]ds & %eph]desses4 ,watteau 0 elect$ an ,academician 9 #agag1 :5 he 0 ?irty-?ree ye>s ( age1 & he aft]w>ds came to ,engl&1 b did n rema9 !re4 ,he di$ ( consumption at ,nog5t-sur-,m>ne 9 #agba1 :5 he 0 ?irty-six ye>s ( age4#cd ,watteau's gifts 7 8 grace & brilliance on a small scale4 ,he did n draw well2 z to design1 8 composition may be said to be suit$ to su* a "w z ! collection ( 'fa%ionable figures1' :i* he engrav$ & left beh9d him4 ,yet1 if we 7 to see at ?is mom5t "s ( 8 exquisite gr\ps ( ladies 9 sacques & ,watteau hats1 & cavali]s 9 fl[+ wigs & lace1 cravats1 ,i h no d\bt t ! mo/ ( u w\ld admire !m mu*1 = !y are exce$+ly pretty1 & exce$+ prett9ess is attractive1 p>ticul>ly to wom54 ,b ,i w\ld h my read]s to rememb] t ?is art is a f9ical & s\lless art1 aft] all4 ,i w\ld fa9 h !m take ?is z _! maxim1 ',t ! art is greate/ :i* conveys to ! m9d ( ! spectator1 by any means :atsoev]1 ! greate/ numb] ( ! greate/ ideas4' ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 0 born at ,t\rnus 9 ,burgundy 9 #agbf4 ,he /udi$ pa9t+ f 8 y\? 9 ! /udios ( arti/s at ,lyons1 ,p>is1 & ,rome1 & 8 /udies result$ 9 8 be+ a celebrat$ g5re pa9t]4 ,he only pa9t$ "o hi/orical picture1 b1 ) ! t\*y vanity :i* seem$ natural to ! man1 he rank$ 8 g5re pictures z high art2 & :5 he 0 plac$ 9 ! ord9>y li/ ( g5re pa9t]s on 8 election z a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,pa9t+1 ,greuze res5t$ ! imputation1 & )drew f ! ,academy4 ,he di$ 9 #ahje1 ag$ sev5ty-n9e ye>s4 ,greuze 0 a %[y1 clev]1 b nei!r e>ne/ nor tru?ful pa9t] ( dome/ic subjects & family pictures4 ,8 pictures ( wom5 & heads ( girls1 ! expression 9 "s ( :i* has be5 sev]ely condemn$1 are among 8 be/ kn[n works1 & by ^! he is repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4#ce ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,holbe91 #adid-aedc--,,van ,,dyck1 #aeii-afda--,,lely1 #afah-afhj--;,,canaletto1 #afig-agfh--,,knell]1 #afdf-agbc4 ,hans ,holbe91 sometimes entitl$ ,hans ! ,y\ng]1 0 born at ,augsburg ab\t #adid or #adie4 ,he 0 ! son ( a pa9t]1 & belong$ to a family ( pa9t]s1 "o or m ( :om _h prec$$ ,hans ,holbe9 9 leav+ ,augsburg1 & tak+ up 8 resid5ce at ,basle4 ,!re ,holbe9 0 "u ! patronage (1 & on t]ms ( fri5dly int]c\rse )1 ! great s*ol> ,erasmus4 ,"o bad result proce$$ f ?is fri5dly famili>ity1 t ( e/abli%+ or orig9at+ ! *>ge t ,holbe91 z a "y man1 at lea/1 0 co>se & dissipat$ 9 8 habits4 ,! evid5ce is suffici5tly curi\s4 ,!re is /ill 9 exi/5ce ! copy ( a ,lat9 book1 call$ ! ',praise ( ,folly1' writt5 by ,erasmus1 :i* ,holbe91 n be+ a s*ol>1 c\ld n h read = himself1 b :i*1 accord+ to tradition1 ,erasmus himself1 or "s o!r fri5d1 read to him1 :ile ,holbe9 0 s delight$ ) ! satire t he cov]$ ! m>g9 ( ! book ) illu/rative sket*es4 7,! sket*es rema91 & are unmi/akably ,holbe9's47 ,opposite a passage1 record+ ! want ( common s5se & en]gy 9 _m le>n$ m51 ,holbe9 _h drawn ! figure ( a /ud5t1 & writt5 bel[1 ',erasmus4' ,! book com+ aga9 into ! h&s ( ,erasmus1 he 0 (f5d$ ) ! lib]ty tak5 by ! pa9t]41 & s\ght to retaliate 9 k9d by writ+ bel[ ! sket* ( a rude boor dr9k+1 ',holbe94' ,9 spite ( ! r\gh je/+1 ! fri5d%ip betwe5 s*ol> & pa9t] 0 n int]rupt$4 ,9 ^! e>ly days ,holbe9 sometimes practis$ pa9t+ on glass1 aft] ! example ( "s ( 8 k9sm54 ,at ,basle1 ,holbe9 pa9t$ :at is consid]$ 8 f9e/ "w1 ! ',mei] ,madonna1' n[ at ,d>m/adt1 ) a copy 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 & !re he execut$ ! designs = 8 s]ies ( woodcuts ( ! ',dance ( ,dea?4' ,at ,basle ,holbe9 m>ri$1 :ile /ill a "y man4 ,! presumption t ! pa9t]'s m>riage1 l t ( 8 c\ntryman1 ,alb]t ,du]]1 0 unhappy1 has re/$ on ! f\ndation t he left 8 wife & h] *ildr5 beh9d :5 he repair$ to ,engl&1 & t al?\gh he re-visit$ ,basle1 & saw 8 wife & family1 !y did n return ) him to ,engl&4 ,a fanci$ confirmation to ! unhapp9ess ( ! m>riage is f\nd 9 ! expression ( ! wife 9 a portrait :i* ,holbe9 pa9t$ ( h] & 8 *ildr5 :5 he 0 at ,basle4 ',cross-look+ & r$-ey$1' "o critic calls ! unlucky woman2 ano!r describes h] z 'a pla91 co>se-look+1 middle-ag$ woman1' ) an expression 'c]ta9ly my/]i\s & unpleasant4' ,holbe9's late/ biograph]#cf has prov$ t ! =sak5 wife1 ,elssbe? ,s*mid1 0 a wid[ ) "o son :5 ,holbe9 m>ri$ h]1 & has conjectur$ t %e 0 probably n only old] ?an ,holbe91 b 9 circum/ances :i* r5d]$ h] indep5d5t ( h] husb&4 ,s f> ! critic has done some?+ to cle> ,hans ,holbe9 f ! mis]able accusation (t5 br\ght aga9/ him1 t he ab&on$ 8 wife & *ildr5 to />ve at ,basle1 :ile he sunn$ himself 9 su* c\rt fav\r z c\ld be f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,b1 inde$1 :ile ,hans ,holbe9 may h be5 hone/ & humane en\gh to h be5 above su* base suspicions1 !re is no trace ( him :i* survives t goes to disprove ! probability t he 0 a self-will$1 n ov]-scrupul\s man1 if he 0 also a vigor\s & ?or\gh work]4 ,holbe9 came to ,engl& ab\t #aebf or #aebg1 :5 he mu/ h be5 ?irty-"o or ?irty-two ye>s ( age1 & repair$ to ,*elsea to ! h\se ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 to :om ! pa9t] br\ght a lett] ( introduction1 & /ill bett] cr$5tials 9 ! pres5t1 f ,erasmus to ,m1 ( ! portrait ( ,erasmus1 pa9t$ by ,hans ,holbe94 ,!re are s _m portraits & copies ( portraits ( ,erasmus1 n only by ,holbe91 b by o!r pa9t]s--= ,erasmus 0 pa9t$ by ,alb]t ,du]] & ,qu9t9 ,matsys1--t ?is special portrait1 l ! true ,holbe9 family portrait ( ! ,m family1 rema9s v mu* a subject ( speculation4 ,mo/ ( u mu/ be well acqua9t$ ) ! delightful acc\nt :i* ,erasmus gave ( ,sir ,?omas ,m's c\ntry-h\se at ,*elsea1 & ! life ( its occupants4 ,x has be5 cit$ hundr$s ( times z an example ( :at an ,engli% family has be51 & :at x may be 9 dutiful discipl9e1 simple indu/ry1 & high cultivation1 :5 ,sir ,?omas's "y daught]s repeat$ psalms 9 ,lat9 to beguile ! "t 9 ! drudg+ process ( *urn+ ! butt]4 ,dur+ ,holbe9's resid5ce 9 or visits to ! ,mores' h\se at ,*elsea1 he sket*$ or pa9t$ ! orig9al ( ! ,m family picture4 ,holbe9 0 introduc$ to ,h5ry ,,viii1 by ,sir ,?omas ,m1 & 0 imm$iately tak5 into fav\r by ! k+1 & receiv$ into 8 s]vice1 ) a lodg+ 9 ! palace1 a g5]al sal>y ( ?irty p\nds a ye>1 & sep>ate paym5t = 8 pa9t+s4 ,accord+ to ,horace ,walpole1 ,holbe9's palace lodg+ 0 probably '! little /udy call$ ! new libr>y' ( squ>e glaz$ bricks ( diff]5t col\rs1 design$ by ! pa9t] at ,:itehall4 7,?is gateway1 ) ! por* at ,wilton1 7 ! pa9t]'s *ief ar*itectural a*ievem5ts47 ,by ano!r /atem5t1 ,holbe9's h\se 0 on ,london ,bridge1 :]e x 0 de/roy$ 9 ! great fire4 ,i h already allud$ to ! anecdote ( ! value :i* ,h5ry ,,viii1 put on ,holbe94 ,x 0 to ?is effect3 t :5 an aggriev$ c\rti] compla9$ to ! k+ t ! pa9t] _h tak5 prec$5ce ( him--a nobleman1 ! k+ repli$1 ',i h _m noblem51 b ,i h only "o ,hans ,holbe94' ,9 fact1 ,holbe9 receiv$ no?+ save k9dness f ,h5ry ,,viii42 & = t matt]1 !re seem$ to be some?+ 9 common betwe5 bluff ,k+ ,hal & ! equally bluff ,g]man ,hans4 ,b on "o occasion ,hans ,holbe9 0 said to h run ! risk ( =feit+ 8 imp]i\s ma/]'s fav\r by ! too fav\rable m9iature :i* ! pa9t] 0 accus$ ( pa9t+ ( ,anne ( ,cleves4 ,at ,h5ry's c\rt ,holbe9 pa9t$ _m a memb] ( ! royal family1 noble & knight1 & ,engli% g5tleman & lady4 ,8 =tune _h made him a portrait pa9t]1 b he 0 fully equal to o!r bran*es ( art1 z %[n by 8 ',mei] ,madonna1' & /ill m by ! designs :i* h be5 pres]v$ ( 8 fam\s allegory ( '! ,triumphs ( ,ri*es & ,pov]ty1' pa9t$ = ! hall ( ! ,ea/]l+ ,/eely>d1 ! qu>t]s ( ! m]*ants ( ,allemagne1 !n trad]s 9 ,london4 ,9 addition to pa9t+ portraits ,holbe9 design$ dagg] hilts1 clasps1 cups1 z "s say aft] a /udy ( ! goldsmi?'s "w ( ,cell9i4 ,= a long "t x 0 believ$ t ,hans ,holbe9 di$ aft] ,m>y ,tudor succe$$ to ! ,engli% ?rone2 inde$1 "s said t 8 dea? _h be5 occasion$ or ha/5$ by t *ange 9 ! affairs ( m51 :i* compell$ him to quit 8 lodg+s 9 ! palace to make room = '! new pa9t]1' ,sir ,antony ,m1 :o came 9 ! suite ( ,m>y's well-belov$ husb&1 ,philip ( ,spa94 ,!re 0 ev5 a !ory1 cr$itable to ,hans ,holbe91 drawn f ?is conclusion1 t he might h adopt$ ! ,prote/ant views ( 8 late graci\s ma/]1 & h /ood by !m /\tly1 & s f> =feit$ all recognition f ! bitt] ,ca?olic ,m>y4 ,b1 un=tunately = ! tradition & !ory1 & = ! lat] pictures attribut$ to ,hans ,holbe91 8 w has be5 discov]$1 & t q rec5tly1 prov+1 f ! date ( its adm9i/ration1 8 dea? ( ! plague 7s f> only ! tradition _h be5 "r71 :5 yet only 9 8 =ty-eigh? ye>1 z e>ly z #aedc1 f\r ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,9 spite ( c\rt patronage ,holbe9 did n die a ri* man1 & !re is an impression t he 0 recklessly improvid5t 9 8 habits4 ,holbe9 _h re-visit$ ,basle sev]al times1 & ! c\ncil _h settl$ on him a p5sion ( fifty flor9s a ye>1 provid$ he w\ld return & reside 9 ,basle )9 two ye>s1 :ile 8 wife 0 to receive a p5sion ( =ty flor9s a ye> dur+ ,holbe9's two ye>s' abs5ce4 ,holbe9 did n comply ) ! t]ms ( ! settlem5t4 ,ab\t ! "t ( 8 dea? 8 son ,philip1 !n a lad ( eighte51 0 a goldsmi? 9 ,p>is4 ,( ,hans ,holbe9's portraits ,i h two to draw f2 "o1 pa9t$ 9 8 y\? at ,basle1 %[s ! pa9t] 9 an op5 d\blet1 & curi\s /oma*]-l %irt1 & hav+ on 8 head a great flapp+ hat4 ,8 face is broad & smoo?-sk9n$1 ) little hair se51 & ! features1 ! eyes especially1 r small = su* an expanse ( *eek & *94 ,! o!r picture ( ,holbe9 to :i* ,i h ref]r$ belongs c]ta9ly to a consid]ably lat] p]iod ( 8 life1 & repres5ts him ) %ort b bu%y hair1 & %ort bu%y be>d & m\/a*e1 a man hav+ a broad /\t p]son ) a mixture ( dauntlessness & bonhommie 9 8 massive face4 ,mr ,rusk9 says ( ,holbe91 z a pa9t]1 t he 0 complete 9 intellect2 :at he saw he saw ) 8 :ole s\l1 & :at he pa9t$ he pa9t$ ) 8 :ole might4 ,9 deep & rev]5tial feel+ ,holbe9 0 f> beh9d 8 c\ntryman ,alb]t ,du]]1 b ,holbe9 0 f> m fully furni%$ ?an ,du]] 7unless inde$ z ,albre*t ,du]] %[$ himself 9 t la/ picture ( '! ,apo/les'7 9 ! means ( 8 art2 he 0 a bett] draughtsman 9 ! maturity ( 8 p[]s1 & a f> bett] col\ri/4 ,= ,hans ,holbe9 0 n m fam\s = ! liv+ tru?fulness ( 8 lik5esses 7'a man v excell5t 9 mak+ physiognomies'71 ?an = ! 'inimitable bloom' t he imp>t$ to 8 pictures1 :i* 'he t\*$1 till n a t\* became disc]nible4' ,yet b5ea? ?is bloom1 along ) 8 tru?fulness1 !re 0 a dryness & h>dness 9 ,holbe9's treatm5t ( 8 subjects1 & he is f> bel[ ,titian1 ,rub5s1 & ev5 ,rembr&t z a portrait pa9t]4 ,holbe9 0 9 ! habit ( pa9t+ 8 l>g] portraits on a peculi> gre51 & 8 m9iatures on a blue backgr\nd4 ,he drew 8 portrait sket*es ) black & r$ *alk on a pap] t9t$ fle%-col\r4 ,x is said1 t ) ! exception1 ( ,philip ,w\w]mann1 no pa9t] has be5 s un=tunate 9 hav+ ! works ( o!r pa9t]s attribut$ to him z ,hans ,holbe9 has be51 & 't ?ree out ( e f\r pictures ascrib$ to him are misnam$4'#cg ,! ',mei]1 or ,mey] ,madonna1' is o!rwise call$ '! ,mei] ,family ador+ ! infant ,*ri/ 9 ! arms ( ! ,virg94' ,! subject is und]/ood to prove t x mu/ h be5 pa9t$ 9 ,holbe9's y\?1 be=e ,prote/antism 0 triumphant at ,basle4 ,! figures are ! ,burgoma/] ,mei] & 8 wife1 :om ,holbe9 pa9t$ twice2 _! son1 ) a little boy nude beside him2 ano!r woman1 eld]ly1 conjectur$ to be a gr&mo!r ( ! family1 & beside h] ! "y daught] ( ! h\se4 ,9 ! c5tre on a turkey c>pet /&s ! ,madonna1 hold+ 9 h] arms an infant /ret*+ out its left h& to ! gr\p ( wor%ipp]s4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 & 9 its transf] f h& to h&1 a d\bt has aris5 ) reg>d to ! subject ( ?is picture4 ,"s critics h reg>d$ x z a votive picture d$icat$ 9 a private *apel to commemorate ! recov]y f sickness or ! dea? ( a *ild4 ,?is conjecture seems to re/ ma9ly on ! fact1 t ! *ild 9 ! ,dresd5 copy 7x is said to be o!rwise 9 ! ,d>m/adt picture7 is ( an aspect s sickly1 z to h giv5 rise to ! impression t x repres5t$ an ail+1 or ev5 a dead *ild1 & no glori\s *ild ,*ri/4 ,critics h gone /ill f>!r1 & imag9$ t ! *ild is a figure ( ! s\l ( a dead *ild 7s\ls 7 sometimes pa9t$ by ! old pa9t]s z new-born *ildr571 or ( ! s\l ( ! eld] & some:at muffl$-up woman :o might h be5 rec5tly dead4 ,mr ,rusk9 reg>ds ! picture z an (f]+ = ! recov]y ( a sick *ild1 & ?us illu/rates x3 ',! receiv$ tradition respect+ ! ,holbe9 ,madonna is beautiful1 & ,i believe ! int]pretation to be true4 ,a fa!r & a "m h pray$ to h] = ! life ( _! sick *ild4 ,%e appe>s to !m1 h] own *ild ,*ri/ 9 h] arms2 %e puts d[n h] *ild beside !m1 takes _! *ild into h] arms in/ead2 x lies d[n ^u h] bosom1 & /ret*es its h& to its fa!r & "m1 say+ f>ewell4' ,yet ano!r mu* m prosaic & less attractive int]pretation ( ! picture has be5 sugge/$ by ,holbe9's biograph]1 t ! two *ildr5 may repres5t ! same *ild4 ,! *ild /&+ by 8 bro!r may be ! boy re/or$ to heal?1 ! feeble *ild 9 ! arms ( ! ,virg9 may indicate ! same *ild 9 its sickness1 :ile ! ext5d$ arm may po9t to ! seat ( ! disease 9 an arm brok5 or injur$4 ,aft] all1 ! *ild may simply be a *ild ,*ri/1 m>r$ 9 execution4 ,i h giv5 ?is dispute at l5g?1 because ,i ?9k x is int]e/+1 &1 s f> z ,i "k1 unique 9 ref]5ce to su* a picture4 ,by an odd en\gh mi/ake ?is v picture 0 once said to be ! fam\s ,m ,family picture4 ,! idea ( ! ',dance ( ,dea?' did n orig9ate ) ,holbe91 nei!r is he suppos$ to h done m ?an t\*1 if he did t\*1 ! pa9t+s call$ ! ',dance ( ,dea?1' on ! wall ( ! ,dom9ican burial-gr\nd1 ,basle1 pa9t$ long be=e ,holbe9's day1 by ! ord] ( ! c\ncil aft] ! plague visit$ ,basle1 & consid]$ to h = its mean+ simply a w>n+ ( ! univ]sality ( dea?4 ,b ,holbe9 c]ta9ly avail$ himself ( ! old] pa9t+1 to draw f x ! grim satire ( 8 woodcuts4 ,( ^! !re are ?irty-sev5 designs1 ! fir/1 ',! ,creation2' ! second1 ',adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise2' ! ?ird1 ',! ,expulsion f ,p>adise2' ! f\r?1 ',adam ,till+ ! ,e>?2' ! fif?1 ',! ,bones ( all ,p2' till ! dance really beg9s 9 ! six?4 ,dea?1 a skeleton1 z se5 ?r\gh ! re/ ( ! designs1 sometimes play+ on a guit> or lute1 sometimes c>ry+ a drum1 bagpipes1 a dulcim]1 or a fiddle1 n[ appe>+ ) mitre on head & crozi] 9 h& to summon ! ,abbot2 !n m>*+ be=e ! p>son ) bell1 book1 & c&le2 aga9 cr[n$ ) ivy1 :5 he seizes ! ,duke1 claims 8 p>tn]s1 beg9n+ ) ! ,pope1 go+ d[n imp>tially ?r\gh ,emp]or ( ,francis ,i41 nobleman1 advocate1 physician1 pl\ghman1 c\ntess1 old woman1 little *ild1 etc41 etc41 & lead+ ea* unwill+ or will+ victim 9 turn to ! t]rible dance4 ,"o woman meets h] doom by ,dea? 9 ! "* ( a robb] 9 a wood4 ,ano!r1 ! ,du*ess1 sits up 9 b$ fully dress$1 r\s$ f h] sleep by two skeletons1 "o ( !m play+ a fiddle4 ,grant+ ! grotesqu5ess1 fre$om1 v>iety1 & wond]ful precision ( ^! woodcuts1 ,i beg my read]s to contra/ _! _s ) t ( ,albre*t ,du]]'s ',! ,knight1 ,dea?1 & ! ,devil1' or ,orcagna's ',triumph ( ,dea?4' ,9 ,holbe9's designs !re is no noble consol+ fai?2 !re is b a fi]ce defiance & wild mock]y ( inevitable fate1 su* z goes beyond ! levity ) :i* ! ,v5etians 9 ! "t ( ! plague retir$ to _! c\ntry-h\ses & danc$1 sung1 & told tales1 till ! pe/il5ce 0 ^u !m4 ,x has a clos] resemblance to ! pite\s madness ) :i* ! condemn$ prison]s dur+ ! ,fr5* ,reign ( ,t]ror rehe>s$ ! fall+ ( ! guillot9e1 or ! t]rible pageant ) :i* ! same ,fr5*1 z repres5t$ by _! ,p>isian bre?r51 pr(ess$ to hail ! arrival ( ! *ol]a4 ,( ! ',m ,family' !re are s _m duplicates or v]sions1 t1 z 9 ! case ( ,erasmus's picture1 x is h>d to say :i* is ! orig9al picture1 or :e!r ,holbe9 did m ?an sket* ! orig9al1 or m]ely sket* ! v>i\s heads to be aft]w>ds put toge!r by an inf]ior arti/4 ,a s+ul> di/ribution ( ! light 9 ! be/ au!nticat$ picture has be5 suppos$ to fav\r ?is conjecture4 ,b "u any supposition1 ?is1 ! second ( ! ?ree not$ ,engli% family pictures1 is ( ! greate/ int]e/4 ,i %all record a m9ute & curi\s description giv5 ( ?is ',m ,family1' :i* is /ill 9 ! possession ( a desc5dant ( ! ,mores & ,rop]s4 ',! room :i* is "h repres5t$ seem$ to be a l>ge d9+-room4 ,at ! upp] end ( x /&s a *amb]-organ on a cupbo>d1 ) a curta9 drawn be=e x4 ,on ea* end ( ! cupbo>d1 :i* is cov]$ ) a c>pet ( tape/ry1 /&s a fl[]-pot ( fl[]s1 & on ! cupbo>d are laid a lute1 a base-viol1 a p9t pot or ew] cov]$ 9 "p ) a clo? fold$ sev]al times1 & ,boetius de ,consolatione ,philosophiae1 ) two o!r books ^u x4 ,by ?is cupbo>d /&s a daught] ( ,sir ,?omas ,m's1 putt+ on h] "r-h& glove1 & hav+ "u h] arm a book b\nd 9 r$ ,turkey lea!r & gilt1 ) ?is inscription r\nd ! outside ( ! cov]--,epi/olica ,s5ecae4 ,ov] h] head is writt5 9 ,lat91 ,elizabe? ,dancy1 daught] ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #ba4 ',beh9d h] /&s a woman hold+ a book op5 ) bo? h] h&s1 ov] ^: head is writt5 ,sp\se ( ,john ,clem5ts4#ch ',next to ,mrs ,dancy is ,sir ,john ,m 9 8 robes z "o ( ! ju/ices ( ! ,k+'s ,b5*1 & by him ,sir ,?omas 9 8 *ancellor's robes1 & coll> ( ,,ss1 ) a rose p5dant be=e4 ,!y are bo? sitt+ on a sort ( tressel or arm$ b5*1 "o ( ! arms & legs & "o ( ! tassels ( ! cu%ion appe> on ! left side ( ,sir ,?omas4 ,at ! feet ( ,sir ,john lies a cur-dog1 & at ,sir ,?omas's a ,bologna %ock4 ,ov] ,sir ,john's head is writt51 ,john ,m1 fa!r1 ag$ #gf4 ,ov] ,sir ,?omas's1 ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #ej4 ,betwe5 !m1 beh9d1 /&s ! wife ( ,john ,m1 ,sir ,?omas's son1 ov] ^: head is writt5 ,anne ,cresacre1 wife ( ,john ,m1 ag$ #ae4 ,beh9d ,sir ,?omas1 on 8 left h& /&s 8 only son1 ,john ,m1 pictur$ ) a v fooli% aspect1 & look+ e>ne/ly 9 a book :i* he holds op5 ) bo? 8 h&s4 ,ov] 8 head is writt51 ,john1 son ( ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #ai4' 7,! only & witless son ( ! family1 on :om ,sir ,?omas made ! comm5t to 8 wife3--',y long wi%$ = a boy1 & y h got "o--= all 8 life4'7 ',a little to ! left ( ,sir ,?omas are sitt+ on l[ /ools 8 two daught]s1 ,cecilia & ,m>g>et4 ,next him is ,cecilia1 :o has a boot 9 h] lap1 clasp$4 ,by h] side sits h] si/] ,m>g>et1 :o has likewise a book on h] lap1 b wide op51 9 :i* is writt51 ,l4 ,an4 ,s5ecae--,o$ipus--,fata si liceat mihi f+]e arbitrio meo1 temp]em zephyro levi4 ,on ,cecilia's petticoat is writt51 ,cecilia ,h]on1 daught] ( ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #bj1 & on ,m>g>et's1 ,m>g>et ,rop]1 daught] ( ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #bb4' 7,! be/ belov$1 mo/ amiable1 & mo/ le>n$ ( ,sir ,?omas's daught]s1 :o visit$ him 9 ! ,t[] & enc\rag$ him to rema9 true to 8 convictions1 :ile h] /ep-"m urg$ him to abjure 8 fai?4 ,m>g>et ,rop] int]cept$ h] fa!r on 8 return to ! ,t[] aft] 8 trial1 & p5etrat+ ! circle ( ! ,gu>ds1 hung on 8 neck & bade him f>ewell4 ,!re is a tradition t %e caus$ h] fa!r's head to be /ol5 f ! spike ( ! bridge on :i* x 0 expos$1 &1 gett+ x pres]v$1 kept x 9 a casket4 ,%e & h] husb&1 ,william ,rop]1 wrote toge!r ! biography ( h] fa!r1 ,sir ,?omas ,m47 ',j by ,mrs ,rop] sits ,sir ,?omas's lady 9 an elb[-*air 7871 hold+ a book op5 9 h] h&s4 ,ab\t h] neck %e has a gold *a91 ) a cross hang+ to x be=e4 ,on h] left h& is a monkey *a9$1 & hold+ "p ( x ) "o paw & "p ( x ) ! o!r4 ,ov] h] head is writt5 'sp\se ( ,?omas ,m1 ag$ #eg4' 7,dame ,alice ,m1 ! second wife ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 a fooli% & mean-spirit$ woman47 ',beh9d h] is a l>ge ar*$ w9d[1 9 :i* is plac$ a fl[]-pot 7a vase7 ( fl[]s1 & a c\ple ( oranges4 ,beh9d ! two ladies /&s ,sir ,?omas's fool1 :o1 x seems1 0 b]eft ( 8 judgm5t by di/raction4 ,he has 8 cap on1 & 9 x are /uck a r$ & :ite rose1 & on ! brim ( x is a %ield ) a r$ cross on x1 & a sort ( seal p5dant4 ,ab\t 8 neck he we>s a black /r+ ) a cross hang+ be=e him1 & 8 left ?umb is /uck 9 a broad lea!rn girdle clasp'd ab\t him4 ,ov] 8 head is writt5 ,h5ry ,pattison1 s]vant ( ,?omas ,m4 ,at ! entrance ( ! room :]e ,sir ,?omas & 8 family are1 /&s a man 9 ! portal :o has 9 8 left h& a roll ( pap]s or p>*m5ts ) two seals app5dant1 z if he 0 "s way belong+ to ,sir ,?omas z ,"l ,*ancellor4 ,ov] 8 head is writt5 ,joannes ,h]esius1 ,?omae ,mori famulus4 ,9 ano!r room at "s di/ance is se5 ?r\gh ! door-case a man /&+ at a l>ge sleev$ g[n ( a sea-gre5 col\r1 & "u x a g>m5t ( a blossom-col\r1 hold+ a book op5 9 8 h&s writt5 or pr9t$ 9 ! black lett]1 & read+ v e>ne/ly 9 x4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! room1 ov] aga9/ ,sir ,?omas1 hangs a clock ) /r+s & lead5 weights )\t any case4'#ci ,x is notable t n "o ( ,sir ,?omas's sons-9-law is 9 ?is picture1 nei!r is !re a gr&*ild1 ?\gh "o or m is kn[n to h be5 born at ! date4 ,! m9iature ( ,anne ( ,cleves1 if x ev] exi/$1 is lo/2 x is probable t :at 0 really ref]r$ to 0 ! portrait ( ,anne by ,holbe9 9 ! ,l\vre1 :]e %e appe>s 'z a k9dly & comely woman 9 spite ( h] broad nose & sw>?y complexion1 b by no means su* a pa9t$ ,v5us z might h deceiv$ ,k+ ,hal4'#dj ,a well-kn[n portrait by ,holbe9 is t ( a ',corni% ,g5tleman1' ) r$di% hair & be>d4 ,i saw ?is portrait n long ago1 z x 0 exhibit$ among ! works ( ! ,old ,ma/]s1 & s mu* did x look z ?\gh ! figure w\ld /ep f ! frame1 t x 0 h>d to believe t m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! orig9al walk$ ! e>?4#da ,d\btless ! la/ ( ,holbe9's portrait pieces1 :i* x is report$ he left uncomplet$ :5 he di$1 is t ( ! ',b>b] ,surgeons1' pa9t$ on ! occasion ( ! unit$ company receiv+ _! *>t] f ! k+1 & includ+ ! k+'s portrait4 ,?is picture /ill hangs 9 ! old company's hall4 ,i h only to say a few m words ( ^? sket*es :i* survive ! de/ruction ( ! picture--,holbe9's allegory ( ! ',triumph ( ,ri*es1' & ! ',triumph ( ,pov]ty1' & ( 8 portrait sket*es4 ,9 ! ',triumph ( ,ri*es1' ,plutus1 an old man b5t d\ble1 drives 9 a c>1 drawn by f\r :ite horses2 be=e him1 ,=tune1 bl9d1 scatt]s money4 ,! c> is foll[$ by ,croesus1 ,midas1 & o!r not$ mis]s & sp5d?rifts--= ,cleopatra1 ! only woman pres5t1 is includ$ 9 ! gr\p4 ,9 ! ',triumph ( ,pov]ty1' ,pov]ty is an old woman 9 squalor & rags1 :o is seat$ 9 a %att]$ vehicle1 drawn by asses & ox51 & guid$ by ,hope & ,dilig5ce4 ,! designs are l>ge & bold4 ,9 ! fir/1 a resemblance to ,h5ry ,,viii1 is f\nd 9 ,croesus4 ,if ! resemblance 7 int5tional on ,holbe9's "p1 x %[$ ! same want ( tact & feel+ :i* ! pa9t] e>ly betray$ 9 8 c>icature ( ,erasmus4 ,b ! be/ ( ,holbe9's draw+s are 8 portrait sket*es ) *alks1 on fle%-t9t$ pap]4 ,^! sket*es h a hi/ory ( _! own1 subsequ5t to _! execution by ,holbe94 ,aft] be+ 9 ! possession ( ! art-lov+ ,e>l ( ,arundel1 & c>ri$ to ,france1 !y 7 lo/ sight ( altoge!r = ! space ( a c5tury1 until !y 7 discov]$ by ,que5 ,c>ol9e1 wife ( ,george ,,ii41 9 a bureau at ,k5s+ton4 ,y w he> a little lat] t ! f9e/ collection ( m9iatures 9 ,engl& w5t ?r\gh ! same process ( disappe>ance & recov]y4#db ,^! orig9al sket*es1 9 addition to _! great arti/ic m]it1 =m a wond]ful collection ( speak+ lik5esses1 belong+ to ! c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41--lik5esses :i* _h be5 happily id5tifi$ 9 "t by ,sir ,john ,*eke 79 ! reign ( ,elizabe?71 s9ce ! names ( ! orig9als h be5 inscrib$ on ! back ( ea* draw+1 z x is believ$1 by ,sir ,john ,*eke's h&4 ,! collection is n[ 9 ! ,que5's libr>y1 ,w9dsor1 ) photographs at ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,!re are "o or two ( ,holbe9's reput$ portraits at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,i mu/ pass ov] "s pa9t]s z n be+ suffici5tly repres5t$ = my purpose4 ,among ^! is ,sir ,antony ,m1 ,philip ,,ii1 ( ,spa9's fri5d4 ,x is record$ t ,philip hav+ re/$ 8 h& on ! %\ld] ( ,m :ile at "w1 ! bold pa9t] turn$ r\nd1 & daub$ ! royal h& ) v]milion4 ,?is gave rise to ! c\rti]-say+ t ,philip 'made slaves ( 8 fri5ds1 & fri5ds ( 8 pa9t]s4' ,ano!r is ,zuc*]o1 "o ( ! pa9t]s :o 0 reque/$ by ,que5 ,elizabe? to pa9t h] picture )\t %ade1 ! result be+ 'a woman ) a ,roman nose1 a huge ruff & f>?+ale1 & a bu%el ( pe>ls4' ,!re are also ,van ,som]1--,janss5s1 :o pa9t$ ,lady ,b[y]1 nam$ = h] exquisite beauty1 ',! /> ( ! ,ea/1' & ,susanna ,li/]1 ! mo/ beautiful woman at c\rt1 :5 pres5t$ 9 m>riage to ,sir ,ge(frey ,?ornhur/ by ,james ,i1 9 p]son1#dc--;& ,daniel ,mytt5s1 all =eign]s1 ,flemi% or ,dut*1 :om we mu/ ?us briefly dismiss4 ,& n[ we come to ,van ,dyck4 ,antony ,van ,dyck 0 born at ,antw]p1 9 #aeii4 ,8 fa!r 0 a m]*ant2 8 "m 0 fam\s = pa9t+ fl[]s 9 small1 & = ne$lework 9 silk4 ,! fa%ion ( pa9t+ '9 small' _h prevail$ = "s "t4 ,horace ,walpole m5tions t ! "m ( ,lucas de ,he]e1 a ,flemi% pa9t]1 born 9 #aecd1 c\ld pa9t ) su* 'dim9utive neatness' t %e _h execut$ 'a l&scape ) a w9dmill1 mill]1 a c>t & horse1 & pass5g]s1' :i* half a gra9 ( corn c\ld cov]4 ,at t5 ye>s ( age1 ,van ,dyck began to /udy z a pa9t]1 & he soon became a pupil1 & aft]w>ds a fav\rite pupil1 ( ,rub5s4 ,9 #afah1 :5 ,van ,dyck 0 b a lad ( sev5te5 ye>s1 he 0 admitt$ z a ma/] into ! pa9t]s' guild ( ,/ ,luke4 ,two ye>s lat]1 he 0 /ill work+ ) ,rub5s1 :o1 see+ 8 lam5ess ( inv5tion1 c\nsell$ him to abide by portrait pa9t+1 & to visit ,italy4 ,a ye> lat]1 9 #afba1 :5 ,van ,dyck 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 he came to ,london1 already becom+ a resort ( ,flemi% pa9t]s1 & lodg+ ) a c\ntryman ( 8 own1 work$ = a %ort "t 9 ! s]vice ( ,james ,i4 ,on ,van ,dyck's return to ,fl&]s1 & on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 he 0 able to take ,rub5s' advice1 & 9 #afbc1 :5 ,van ,dyck 0 /ill only tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 he set out = ,v5ice1 ! ,rome ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s4 ,be=e quitt+ ,antw]p1 ,van ,dyck1 9 pro( ( ! fri5d%ip :i* exi/$ betwe5 ! pa9t]s1 pres5t$ ,rub5s ) sev]al ( ! =m]'s pictures1 among !m 8 fam\s portrait ( ',rub5s' wife4' ,z a p5dant to ?is g5]osity1 :5 ,van ,dyck came back to ,antw]p1 & compla9$ to ,rub5s t he--,van ,dyck--c\ld n live on ! pr(its ( 8 pa9t+1 ,rub5s w5t next day & b\ght e picture ( ,van ,dyck's :i* 0 = sale4 ,van ,dyck sp5t five ye>s 9 ,italy1 visit+ ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 ,rome1 & ,pal]mo1 b resid+ pr9cipally at ,g5oa4 ,9 ,italy1 he began to indulge 9 8 love ( spl5did extravagance1 & 9 ! fa/idi\s fickl5ess :i* belong$ to ! evil side ( 8 "*4 ,at ,rome he 0 call$ '! cavali] pa9t]1' yet 8 fir/ compla9t on 8 return to ,antw]p 01 t he c\ld n live on ! pr(its ( 8 pa9t+6 ,he avoid$ ! society ( 8 homeli] c\ntrym54 ,at ,pal]mo1 ,van ,dyck knew1 & accord+ to "s acc\nts1 pa9t$ ! portrait ( ,sophonisba ,anguisciola1 :o claim$ to be ! mo/ em95t portrait pa9t] among wom54 ,%e 0 !n ab\t n9ety ye>s ( age1 & bl9d1 b %e /ill delight$ 9 hav+ 9 h] h\se a k9d ( academy ( pa9t+1 to :i* all ! pa9t]s visit+ ,pal]mo resort$4 ,van ,dyck ass]t$ t he ow$ m to h] conv]sation ?an to ! tea*+ ( all ! s*ools4 ,a book ( 8 sket*es1 :i* 0 recov]$1 %[$ _m draw+s 'aft] ,sophonisba ,anguisciola4' ,%e is said to h be5 born at ,cremona1 0 invit$ at ! age ( tw5ty-six by ,philip ,,ii1 to ,spa91 & 0 pres5t$ by him ) a ,spani% don = a husb&1 & a p5sion ( a ?\s& cr[ns a-ye> f ! cu/oms ( ,pal]mo4 ,! plague drove ,van ,dyck f ,italy back to ,fl&]s1 :]e he pa9t$ = a "t1 & pres5t$ 8 picture ( ! ',crucifixion' to ! ,dom9icans z a memorial gift 9 hon\r ( 8 fa!r1 b 9 ,fl&]s ,rub5s' fame ov]%ad[$ t ( e o!r pa9t]1 & ,van ,dyck1 recall+ an invitation :i* he _h receiv$ f ! ,c\ntess ( ,arundel :ile /ill 9 ,italy1 came a second "t to ,engl&1 9 #afcj1 :5 he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 & lodg$ aga9 ) a fell[-c\ntryman & pa9t] nam$ ,gildorp4 ,b 8 s5sitive vanity 0 w\nd$ by 8 n at once receiv+ an introduction to ! k+1 or ! c\nt5ance :i* ! pa9t] consid]$ 8 due1 & ! re/lessness1 :i* 0 a prom95t feature 9 8 "*1 be+ re-awak5$1 he )drew once m f ,engl&1 & return$ to ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 9 #afca4 ,at la/1 a ye> lat]1 9 #afcb1 ,van ,dyck's pride 0 propitiat$ by receiv+ a =mal invitation f ,*>les ,i41 ?r\gh ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 to visit ,engl&1 & ?is "t ! pa9t] _h no cause to compla9 ( an unwor?y reception4 ,he 0 lodg$ by ! k+ among 8 arti/s at ,blackfri>s1 hav+ no int]c\rse ) ! city1 save by wat]4 ,he _h ! k+1 ) 8 wife & *ildr51 to sit to him1 & 0 grant$ a p5sion ( two hundr$ a-ye>1 ) ! di/9ction ( be+ nam$ pa9t] to 8 ,maje/y4 ,a ye> lat] ,van ,dyck 0 knight$4 ,royal & noble commissions fl[$ ^u him1 & ! k+1 :o _h a h]$it>y love ( art1 visit$ ! pa9t] cont9ually1 & sp5t "s ( ! happie/ & mo/ innoc5t h\rs ( 8 brief & cl\d$ life 9 ,van ,dyck's company4 ,?us began ,van ,dyck's success 9 ,engl&4 ,to give y an example ( h[ (t51 & 9 h[ _m diff]5t mann]s1 ,van ,dyck pa9t$ ! k+ & royal family1 ,i %all quote f a li/ ( 8 pictures-- ',k+ ,*>les 9 coronation robes4' ',k+ ,*>les 9 arm\r' 7twice74 ',k+ ,*>les 9 :ite sat91 ) 8 hat on1 j desc5d$ f 8 horse2 9 ! di/ance1 view ( ! ,isle ( ,wight4' ',k+ ,*>les 9 arm\r1 on a :ite horse2 ,monsieur de ,/ ,anto9e1 8 equ]ry1 hold+ ! k+'s helmet4' ',! ,k+ & ,que5 sitt+2 ,pr9ce ,*>les1 v "y1 /&+ at ! ,k+'s side2 ! ,duke ( ,york1 an infant1 on ! ,que5's knee4' ',! ,k+ & ,que5 hold+ a cr[n ( laurel betwe5 !m4' ',! ,que5 9 :ite4' ',pr9ce ,*>les 9 arm\r' 7two or ?ree times74 ',k+1 ,que51 ,pr9ce ,*>les1 & ,pr9cess ,m>y4' ',que5 ) h] five *ildr54' ',que5 ) dw>fs1#dd ,sir ,ge(frey ,hudson hav+ a monkey on 8 %\ld]4' ,van ,dyck _h sev]al great patrons1 aft] ! k+4 ,= ! ,e>l ( ,arundel1 9 addition to portraits ( ! ,e>l & ,c\ntess1 ! pa9t] design$ a second ,arundel family picture1 :i* 0 pa9t$ by ,fruiti]s4 ,= ,george1 ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 ,van ,dyck pa9t$ "o ( 8 f9e/ d\ble portraits ( ! ,duke's two sons1 :5 *ildr54 ,= ! ,nor?umb]l& family ,van ,dyck pa9t$1 besides portraits ( ,h5ry & ,alg]non1 ,e>ls ( ,nor?umb]l&1 ano!r fam\s picture1 t ( ! two beautiful si/]s1 ,lady ,doro?y ,p]cy1 aft]w>ds ,c\ntess ( ,leice/]1 & h] si/]1 ,lady ,lucy ,p]cy1 aft]w>ds ,c\ntess ( ,c>lisle1 ^: *>ms figure frequ5tly 9 ! memoirs ( h] "t4 ,william & ,philip1 ,e>ls ( ,pembroke1 7 also among 8 patrons1 & = ! second he pa9t$ 8 great family picture1 ',! ,wilton ,family4' ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 too1 ^: wife ,v5itia 0 m frequ5tly pa9t$ ?an any woman ( h] day1 & 0 n m di/+ui%$ = h] beauty ?an = h] lack ( nobl] qualities4 ,van ,dyck alone pa9t$ h] sev]al times1 ! la/ aft] h] sudd5 dea?1 = h] va9 & ecc5tric1 if gallant1 husb&1 :o 9 ! end 0 no fri5d to ,van ,dyck4 ,b ^! high names by no means exhau/ ! li/ ( patrons ( a pa9t] :o1 among v>i\s contradictory qualities1 0 indefatigably indu/ri\s4 ,8 "w is widely di/ribut$ among ! ,scot* z well z ! ,engli% desc5dants ( ! nobility :om he pa9t$1 s t ! possession ( at lea/ "o ance/ral ',van ,dyck' accompanies v _m pat5ts ( nobility1 & is equival5t to a w>rant ( g5tle bir?4 ,! ,e>l ( ,cl>5don1 9 ! next reign1 _h a great p>tiality = ,van ,dyck's pictures1 & 0 said to be c\rt$ by gifts ( !m until 8 ap>tm5ts at ,cornbury 7 furni%$ ) full-l5g? ',van ,dycks4' ,a ?ird ( 8 collection w5t to ,kitty ,hyde1 ,du*ess ( ,que5sb]ry1 "o ( ! ,e>l's ?ree co-heiresses4 ,?r\gh ! ,ri* family _m ( ^! ',van ,dycks' pass$ to ,taym\? ,ca/le1 :]e by a co9cid5ce !y 7 lodg$ 9 ! company ( num]\s works ( ,george ,jamieson ( ,ab]de51 :o is said to h be5 = a %ort "t a fell[-pupil ( ,van ,dyck's "u ,rub5s1 :o has be5 call$ '! ,scot* ,van ,dyck1' & :o is c]ta9ly ! fir/ native pa9t] :o des]ves hon\rable m5tion4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ! la/ ,m>quis ( ,breadalbane ^! travell$ ',van ,dycks' h gone back to ! ,engli% repres5tative ( ! ,ri* family4 ,van ,dyck _h =ty p\nds = a half1 & sixty p\nds = a :ole-l5g? picture2--= a l>ge piece ( ! ,k+1 ,que51 & _! *ildr51 he _h a hundr$ p\nds4 ,= ! ,wilton family picture he _h five hundr$ & tw5ty-five p\nds4 ,b ,van ,dyck soon impair$ 8 =tune4 ,he 0 n cont5t ) hav+ a c\ntry-h\se at ,el?am 9 ,k5t1 :]e he sp5t a portion ( ea* summ]2 he w\ld emulate 9 8 exp5diture ! mo/ sp5d?rift noble ( t reign4 ',he always w5t magnific s good a table 9 8 ap>tm5t t few pr9ces 7 m visit$ & bett] s]v$4' ,8 m>riage 0 n calculat$ to tea* him mod]ation4 ,9 8 ?irty-n9? ye> ! ,k+ gave him ! h& ( ,m>ie ,ru?v51 :o 0 ne>ly relat$ to ! unhappy ,e>l ( ,g[rie4 ,%e 0 8 niece1 h] fa!r hav+ be5 ! sc>cely less unhappy y\ng] bro!r ,patrick1 a physician1 :o1 appreh5d$ :5 a "y man on ! *>ge ( be+ conc]n$ 9 ! treason ( 8 eld] bro!rs1 sp5t 8 manhood 9 ! ,t[]4 ,he 0 kept a prison] !re f #aehd to #afai1 ne>ly =ty ye>s1 & 0 only releas$ 9 8 age & infirmity :5 8 m9d 0 giv+ way4 ,patrick ,ru?v5's infant daught] _h be5 adopt$1 ei!r ?r\gh *>ity or p]v]sity1 by ,anne ( ,d5m>k1 & br\ght up fir/ at ! c\rt ( ,anne1 & aft]w>ds at t ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia4 ,! ass]tion t ,m>ie ,ru?v5 0 a v beautiful woman has be5 contradict$4 ,x 0 said t '%e 0 be/[$ 9 m>riage on ,sir ,antony ,van ,dyck z mu* to humble fur!r ! already humbl$ & /ill dete/$ family ( ,ru?v51 z to hon\r ! pa9t]2 b ?is does n seem consi/5t ) ,k+ ,*>les's kn[n fav\r = ,van ,dyck4 ,yet su* a view might h be5 ent]ta9$ by ,m>ie ,ru?v5 h]self1 :o1 accord+ to tradition1 held h]self degrad$ by ! m>riage1 & nev] =gave ! degradation4 ,%e 0 n a lov+ wife to a man :o c\ld h>dly h be5 a v lov+ or loyal husb&4 ,& c]ta9ly ! m>riage did n unite ! pa9t] clos] to ! k+4 ,) 8 pr(essional indu/ry1 ,van ,dyck comb9$ an equally unqu5*able love ( pleasure1 :i*1 ) 8 luxuri\s & s$5t>y habits1 induc$ p>oxysms ( g\t1 f :i* ,rub5s also suff]$ sev]ely4 ,?is mu/ h ultimately disqualifi$ him = good "w1 & :5 8 debts accumulat$ 9 great] proportion ev5 ?an 8 receipts1 9 place ( hav+ rec\rse1 l ,rub5s1 to 8 pa9t+-room1 ,van ,dyck tri$ a %ort] road to get ri*1 by foll[+ ! idle example ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby 9 8 pursuit ( al*emy & ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,9 ! ye> ( 8 m>riage1 ,van ,dyck re-visit$ ,fl&]s1 9 company ) 8 wife1 & !n repair$ to ,france1 x is und]/ood ) ! int5tion ( settl+ !re4 ,he 0 in/igat$ to ! /ep by 8 wife1 & 8 own ambition ( rivall+ ,rub5s' triumphs at ! ,luxemb\rg2 b ! pref]5ce :i* ! ,fr5* gave to ! works ( _! c\ntryman1 ,nicolas ,p\ss91 r\s$ 8 lat5t jeal\sy1 & s mortifi$ him z to induce him to r5\nce 8 int5tion4 ,he det]m9$ to return to ,engl&1 & 01 to 8 cr$it1 confirm$ 9 8 resolution by ! ?reat5+ civil w> :i* 0 to %ake 8 royal ma/]'s ?rone to ! f\ndation1 r ?an det]r$ f x4 ,aga9 9 ,engl&1 ,van ,dyck employ$ ,sir ,k5elm ,digby to make an (f] on ! pa9t]'s "p t = eight hundr$ p\nds he w\ld pa9t ! hi/ory1 & a procession ( ! ,knights ( ! ,g>t] on ! walls ( ! ,knights' banquet+-room at ,:itehall--t palace :i* 0 to h surpass$ ! ,l\vre1 ! ,tuil]ies1 & ! ,escurial1 & f "o ( ! w9d[s ( :i* ,*>les /epp$ out on 8 scaffold4 ,b ! proposal 0 reject$1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds ! civil w> broke out1 & 0 spe$ily foll[$ by ! dea? ( ,van ,dyck1 ab\t a ye> aft] 8 m>riage1 :5 he 0 a little ov] =ty ye>s old1 at ,blackfri>s1 9 #afda4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 old ,/ ,paul's1 ne> ! tomb ( ,john ( ,gaunt4 ,8 daught]1 ,ju/9iana1 0 born a %ort "t--"s say only eight days--be=e h] fa!r di$1 & 0 baptiz$ on ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,van ,dyck left effects & sums due to him to ! am\nt ( tw5ty ?\s& p\nds2 b ! great] "p ( ! debts 7 f\nd beyond recov]y at ! close ( ! civil w>4 ,8 daught] grew up1 & m>ri$ a ,mr ,/epney1 ':o rode 9 ,k+ ,*>les's life gu>ds4' ,8 wid[ re-m>ri$2 h] second husb& 0 a ,wel% knight4 ,van ,dyck's contradictory elem5ts4 ,he 0 actuat$ by opposite motives :i* are h>d to analyze1 & :i* 9 _! in/ability h )9 !mselves1 :atev] _! outw>d advantages1 ! doom ( failure 9 ! highe/ excell5ce4 ,he 0 a pr\d man1 dissatisfi$ bo? ) himself & 8 call+1 res5t+1 ) less reason ?an ,hans ,holbe9 %[$1 t he %\ld be condemn$ to portrait pa9t+1 yet by no means und]valu+ or slurr+ ov] 8 "w4 ,he 'w\ld deta9 ! p]sons :o sat to him to d9n] = an opportunity ( /udy+ _! c\nt5ances & re-t\*+ _! pictures1' 'w\ld h a sitt]1 sitt+ to him sev5 entire days1 morn+s & ev5+s1 & w\ld n once let ! man see ! picture till x pleas$ ! pa9t]4' ,van ,dyck appe>s to h be5 a man ) ! possibilities 9 him ( great] ?+s ?an he atta9$1 possibilities :i* 7 baffl$ by 8 weakness & self-indulg5ce1 leav+ him ) su* a s5se ( ?is z spoil$ 8 greate/ successes4 ,i h ! v>y+ indications ( two pictures ( ,van ,dyck f :i* to get an impression ( 8 p]sonal appe>ance4 ,! fir/ picture is t ( a y\?ful face1 s(t1 smil+1 ) d>k eyes1 f9ely-=m$ nose1 a slightly op5 m\?1 hav+ a full-cleft "u lip1 ! hair pr(use & slightly curl$1 b %ort1 & no be>d or m\/a*e4 ,! dress is an op5 d\blet1 )\t a coll>1 a lace cravat1 & "o arm half b>e4 ,! second is ! picture ( ,van ,dyck 9 ! ,l\vre1 :i* is judg$ ! be/ lik5ess ( ! pa9t]4 ,9 ?is 8 p]son is sl5d]1 8 complexion fair1 8 eyes grey1 8 hair *e/nut br[n1 8 be>d & :isk]s r$4 ,he we>s a ve/ ( gre5 velvet1 ) a pla9 coll>4 ,9 8 art1 ,van ,dyck1 ) some?+ ( ! gl[ ( ,rub5s1 & ) a delicacy peculi>ly 8 own1 0 decid$ly inf]ior to 8 great ma/]1 bo? 9 p[] & 9 f]tility ( g5ius4 ,9 ! sup]ficial ref9em5t :i* 0 s ess5tial a "p ( ,van ,dyck1 he _h ! capacity ( conf]r+ on 8 sitt]s a reflection ( 8 own outw>d /atel9ess & grace4 ,:5 he pa9t$ at 8 be/ 8 portraits 7 solid1 true1 & ma/]ly1 b he has be5 reproa*$ ) sacrific+ tru? to ! ref9+ process :i* he practis$4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( ,*>les ,i41 ^: portraits are our mo/ famili> examples ( ,van ,dyck1 & :o ?us lives 9 ! imag9ation ( mo/ p z ! v p]sonification ( a noble & h&some cavali]1 !re h n be5 want+ critics :o h ma9ta9$ t ,*>les1--! son ( a pla9 unc\? fa!r1 & ( a "m r floridly buxom ?an delicately h&some1 & :o 0 9 8 *ildhood a sickly rickety *ild1--0 by no means s well end[$ 9 ! matt] ( manly beauty z we h suppos$4 ,^! /ud5ts ( old gossip & close inve/igation1 h alleg$ t ,*>les 0 long & lanky1 aft] he _h ceas$ to be ,baby ,*>les2 t 8 nose 0 too l>ge1 &1 alas6 apt to r$d52 t 8 eyes 7 vacillat+2 & 8 m\?1 ! loosely hung m\? ( a man :o beg9s by be+ irresolute1 & ends by be+ ob/9ate4#de ,aga91 9 ! h&s ( a sitt]1 :i* ,van ,dyck 0 suppos$ to pa9t ) special c>e & elegance1 x has be5 argu$ t he copi$ always ! same h&1 probably 8 own1 9 ignorance1 or 9 defiance ( ! fact t h&s h ne>ly z mu* & z v>y+ "* z a pa9t] c discov] 9 faces4 ,?\gh ,van ,dyck pa9t$ _m beautiful wom51 he did n excel 9 r5d]+ !m beautiful on canvas1 s t succe$+ g5]ations1 9 gaz+ on ,van ,dyck's v]sions ( ,v5itia1 ,lady ,digby1 & ,doro?y ,sydney--,wall]'s ,sa*>issa1--h wond]$ h[ ,sir ,k5elm1 ,wall]1 & _! contempor>ies1 c\ld f9d ^! ladies s beautiful4 ,van ,dyck c]ta9ly ow$ some?+ ( ! *>m ( 8 pictures to ! dress ( ! p]iod1 ) reg>d to :i* he receiv$ ?is cr$it t ',van ,dyck 0 ! fir/ pa9t] :o e'er put ladies' dress into a c>eless romance4' ,b 9 reality nev] 0 co/ume bett] suit$ = a pa9t] l ,van ,dyck4 ,! hair 9 ! m5 0 all[$ to fl[ to ! %\ld]s or ga!r$ 9 a love knot1 :ile ! :isk]s & be>d =m$ a po9t4 ,9 ! wom5 ! hair 0 crisp$ 9 curls r\nd ! face4 ,! ruff 9 m5 & wom5 _h yield$ to ! broad1 ri*1 fall+ coll>1 ) deep scallops ( po9t lace4 ,ve/ & cloak 7 ( ! ri*e/ velvet or sat91 or else1 on ! break+ out ( ! civil w>1 m5 appe>$ 9 arm\r4 ,! man's hat 0 broad & flapp+1 usually turn$ up at "o side1 & hav+ an o/ri* fea!r 9 ! b&2 8 long wide boots 7 ( ,spani% lea!r1 & he wore gauntlet gloves1 & ri* ruffles at 8 wri/s4 ,! wom5 wore hoods & mantles1 %ort bodices1 ample tra9s1 & wide sleeves t]m9at+ 9 loose ruffles at ! elb[1 :i* left half ( ! arm b>e4 ,pe>l necklaces & bracelets1 r\nd fea!r fans1 & 'knots ( fl[]s1' 7 ! almo/ univ]sal ornam5ts ( wom54 ,ano!r ornam5t ( bo? m5 & wom51 :i* belong$ to ! day1 & 0 v common 9 ! qu>t]s ,i h be5 ref]r+ to1 0 a m9iature enclos$ 9 a small case ( ivory or ebony1 c>v$ l a rose1 & worn on ! left side 9 tok5 ( betro?al4#df ,van ,dyck1 along ) ! appreciation ( black drap]ies :i* he held 9 common ) ,rub5s1 0 specially fond ( pa9t+ :ite or blue sat94 ,he is said to h us$ a br[n prep>ation ( p\nd$ pea*-/ones = glaz+ ! hair 9 8 pictures4 ,9 ! end1 ) all ! aids t critics may h giv5 him1 & all ! faults !y may f9d 9 him1 ,van ,dyck 0 a great1 & 9 ! ma9 an e>ne/ portrait pa9t]4 ,p]haps ',*>les 9 :ite sat91 j desc5d$ f 8 horse1' is ! be/ ( ! s+le portraits :i* 7 held to be ,van ,dyck's =te4 ,i mu/ try to give my read]s "s idea ( ,van ,dyck's ',wilton ,family4' ,x has be5 s prais$1 t "s h said 'x might h be5 cov]$ ) gold z a price to obta9 x2' on ! o!r h&1 x has n escap$ c5sure4 ,"o critic ass]ts t !re is no common action unit+ ! figures1 & t ! faces are s diff]5t 9 complexion--"o yell[-fac$ boy appe>+ ei!r jaundic$ or burnt by a tropical sun1 t ! family might h liv$ 9 diff]5t climates4 ,?is is ! /ory ( ! picture4 ',e>l ,philip ( ,pembroke hav+ caus$ 8 family to meet1 in=ms !m ) great emotion ( ! necessity ( 8 elde/ son ,*>les1 ,"l ,h]b]t1 go+ into ! army ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 !re to acquire milit>y hon\r & exp]i5ce1 not)/&+ 8 hav+ j m>ri$ ,m>y1 daught] ( ,george1 ,duke ( ,buck+ham4 ,"l ,h]b]t is receiv+ ! news ) ard\r1 ! "y bride is turn+ aside h] fair face to hide h] te>s4 7,*>les ,"l ,h]b]t 0 m>ri$ ,*ri/mas1 #afcd1 w5t to ,flor5ce1 & di$ !re ( small pox1 ,janu>y1 #afcf47 ',9 ! ,pembroke picture 7or ,wilton ,family7 !re are t5 figures4 ,! ,e>l & ,c\ntess are seat$ on a dais1 "u a coat ( arms4 ,he we>s a great lace coll>1 an ord] on 8 brea/1 a key at 8 girdle1 & has great %oes ) roses4 ,%e has fl[+ curls1 hang+ sleeves1 arms cross$1 necklace on ! b>e neck4 7,! ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke 0 ! ,e>l's second wife1 ,anne ,clif=d1 daught] ( ,george1 ,e>l ( ,cumb]l&1 ! brave lady :o defi$ ,cromwell1 & 0 fond ( sign+ h] "n ) ! long /r+ ( titles d]iv$ f h] two husb&s1 ,anne ,dorset1 ,pembroke1 ,montgom]y47 ,rob]t ,dorm]1 ,e>l ( ,c>n>von1 is introduc$ ) 8 wife1 ,lady ,anne ,sophia ,h]b]t1 daught] ( ,e>l ,philip2 !y are on ! ,c\ntess's left h&4 ,! daught]-9-law1 ab\t to be p>t$ f h] husb&1 /&s on ! l[e/ /ep ( ! dais2 %e is elegantly dress$1 ) hang+ sleeves knott$ ) b[s f %\ld] to elb[4 ,two "y m51 ! bridegroom & 8 bro!r1 are at _! fa!r's "r h&2 !y we> great fall+ coll>s & cloaks4 ,!re are ?ree half-gr[n boys 9 tunics )\t coll>s1 & great roses 9 _! %oes1 ) a d>e ?ree daught]s ( ! family :o di$ 9 infancy4' ,van ,dyck's f9e/ sacr$ pictures 7 8 e>ly ',crucifixion1' & a ,pieta1 at ,antw]p4 ,9 ^! he gave a promise ( nobl] & deep] pa?os ?an he aft]w>ds fulfill$4 ,8 pictures are to be f\nd freely1 z ,i h writt51 9 old ,engli% mansions1 su* z ,arundel & ,alnwick ,ca/les1 ,kn[sley1 ,knole1 ,petwor?1 etc4 ,a head said to be by ,van ,dyck is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,van ,dyck _h few pupils3 "o1 an ,engli%man nam$ ,dobson1 e>n$ an hon\rable reputation z a pa9t]4 ,f ,sir ,antony ,m's "t d[n to t ( ,leily & ,knell]1 ! rage = portraits 0 cont9ually increas+1 & took l>gely ! =m ( m9iatures1 :i* 7 pa9t$ *iefly by =eign]s2 notably by ,hilli>d & two ,oliv]s or ,olivi]s1 a fa!r & son ( ,fr5* extraction1 & by a ,swiss nam$ ,petitot4 ,a collection ( m9iatures by ! ,olivi]s1 includ+ no less ?an six ( ,v5itia1 ,lady ,digby1 _h a simil> fate to t ( ,holbe9's draw+s4 ,! m9iatures _h be5 pack$ 9 a wa9scot box & convey$ to ! c\ntry-h\se 9 ,wales ( ,mr ,watk9 ,williams1 :o 0 a desc5dant ( ! ,digby family4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! box ) its cont5ts1 d\btless =gott51 _h be5 transf]r$ to a g>ret1 :]e x _h la9 undiscov]$ =1 x has be5 suppos$1 fully a hundr$ ye>s4 ,x 0 two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! date ( ! pa9t+ ( ! m9iatures1 t on "s turn+ ov] ( ! lumb] 9 ! g>ret1 ! exquisite m9iatures1 fre% z on ! day :5 !y 7 pa9t$1 7 accid5tally br\ght to light4#dg ,sir ,pet] ,lely 0 born 9 ,we/phalia 9 #afah4 ,8 real "n 0 ,v&] ,facs1 & 8 fa!r 0 a ',capta9 ( ,foot1' :o1 hav+ *anc$ to be born 9 rooms ov] a p]fum]'s %op :i* bore ! sign ( a lily1 took fanta/ically en\gh ! "n ( ,du ,lys1 or ,lely1 :i* he transmitt$ to 8 son4 ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 aft] /udy+ 9 a /udio at ,ha>lem1 came to ,engl& :5 he 0 tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 9 #afda1 & set himself to copy ! pictures ( ,van ,dyck1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> ( ,lely's arrival 9 ,engl&1 & :om he succe$$ z c\rt pa9t]4 ,lely 0 knight$ by ,*>les ,,ii41 m>ri$ an ,engli% woman1 & _h a son & a daught]1 :o di$ "y4 ,he made a l>ge =tune1 dy+ at la/ ( apoplexy1 ) :i* he 0 seiz$ z he 0 pa9t+ ! ,du*ess ( ,som]set1 :5 he 0 sixty-two ye>s ( age1 9 #afhj4 ,) reg>d to ,lely's "*1 we may safely judge f 8 works t he 0 su* a man z ,samuel ,pepys1 '( easy virtue1' a man hold+ a l[ en\gh /&>d by :i* to measure himself & o!rs4 ,mr ,palgrave quotes f ,mr ,leslie ! foll[+ *>act]i/ic anecdote ( ,lely1 :i* seems to prove t he 0 aw>e (1 & coolly accept$1 ! decl9e ( art 9 8 g5]ation & p]son4 ,a nobleman said to ,lely1 ',h[ is x t y h s great a reputation1 :5 y "k1 z well z ,i d1 t y are no pa9t]8' ',true1 b ,i am ! be/ y h1' 0 ! answ]4 ,lely's puni%m5t foll[$ him into 8 art1 = beg9n+ by copy+ ,van ,dyck1 x is said ( ,lely t he deg5]at$ 9 8 "w till x bore ! v '/amp ( ! depravity ( ! age4' ,lely's sitt]s 7 mo/ly wom54 ,among !m 0 "o :o des]v$ a fitt] pa9t]1 ,mi/ress ,anne ,killigrew1 ,dryd5's-- ',y\nge/ virg9 daught] ( ! skies4' ,9 ,lely's portrait ( h]1 %e is a neat1 slightly prim1 delicate beauty1 ) v f9e features1 & su* sleepy eyes1 z 7 probably ! gift ( ,lely1 s9ce he has be/[$ !m g5]ally on ! wom5 :om he pa9t$4 ,mi/ress ,anne ,killigrew's hair is 9 curls1 pil$ up 9 front1 b hang+ d[n loosely beh9d4 ,h] bodice is ga!r$ toge!r by a broo*1 & %e has ano!r broo* on "o %\ld]4 ,%e we>s a light pe>l necklace1 & 'drops' %ap$ l %amrocks 9 h] e>s4 ,lely pa9t$ bo? ,*>les ,i1 & ,cromwell1 :o desir$ 8 pa9t]s to omit 'no pimple or w>t1' b to pa9t 8 face z !y saw x4 ,among less notable p]sonages ,lely pa9t$ ,monk1 ,duke ( ,albem>le1 & 8 r\gh ,du*ess1 once a camp foll[]1 accord+ to popul> rum\r1 & nam$ famili>ly by ! contemptu\s wits ( ! day ',nan ,cl>ges4' ,x is ) n m hon\rable orig9als ?an poor ',nan ,cl>ges' t ,lely's "n z a pa9t] is *iefly associat$4 ,we "k :at an evil "t ! ye>s aft] ! ,re/oration prov$ 9 ,engl&1 & x 0 to immortalize1 z f> z he c\ld1 ! va91 light wom5 ( ! g5]ation t ,lely l5t :at skill he possess$4 ,!re _! pictures hang 9 :at has be5 call$ '! ,beauty ,room' at ,hampton ,c\rt1 & no good man or woman c look at !m )\t hold+ su* beauty dete/able4 ,at ,hampton ,c\rt also !re are sev]al ( ! elev5 portraits ( ,admirals :om ,lely pa9t$ = ,james ,,ii1 :5 ,duke ( ,york4 ,antonio ,canal1 call$ ,canaletto1 incorrectly ,canaletti1 0 born at ,v5ice 9 #afig4 ,he 0 ! son ( a sc5e pa9t] at ! !atre4 ,9 8 y\? he work$ "u 8 fa!r2 a little lat] he w5t to ,rome1 & /udi$ = "s "t !re4 ,!n he came to ,engl&1 :]e he rema9$ only = two ye>s4 ,i h hesitat$ ab\t plac+ 8 "n among ^? ( ! =eign pa9t]s resid5t 9 ,engl&1 b s _m ( 8 works are 9 ?is c\ntry t he seems to belong to x 9 an additional s5se4 ,he is said to h 'made _m pictures & mu* money4' ,he di$ at ,v5ice :5 he 0 sev5ty ye>s ( age1 9 #agfh4 ,z a pa9t] he 0 fam\s = 8 correctness ( p]spective & precision ( outl9e 79 :i* x is alleg$ he aid$ himself by ! use ( ! cam]a71 qualities specially valuable 9 ! ar*itectural subjects ( :i* he 0 fond1 draw+ !m pr9cipally f 8 native ,v5ice4 ,b 8 v excell5ce 0 me*anical1 & he %[$ s little orig9ality or1 = t matt]1 fidelity ( g5ius1 t he pa9t$ 8 l&scapes 9 inv>iable sun%9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! great wood-c>v] ,gr9l+ ,gibbons des]ves m5tion among ! arti/s ( ?is date4 ,he 0 a native ( ,rott]dam1 :]e he 0 born 9 #afdh4 ,he came to ,london ) o!r c>v]s ! ye> aft] ! great fire ( ,london1 & 0 introduc$ by ,evelyn to ,*>les ,,ii41 :o took him into 8 employm5t4 ',gibbons 0 appo9t$ ma/] c>v] 9 wood to ,george ,i41 ) a sal>y ( eighte5-p5ce a day4' ,he di$ at 8 h\se 9 ,b[ ,/reet 9 ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8 age1 9 #agba4 ,x is said t no man be=e ,gibbons 'gave to wood ! lightness ( fl[]s4' ,= ! great h\ses ( ,burghley1 ,petwor?1 & ,*atswor?1 ,gibbons c>v$ exquisite "w1 9 fe/oons = scre5s1 & *imney-pieces1 & panels = pictures1 ( fruit1 fl[]s1 %ells1 & birds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] 0 born at ,luebeck 9 #afdf1 & 0 ! son ( an ar*itect4 ,he is said to h /udi$ "u ,rembr&t2 b if ?is be true1 x mu/ h be5 9 ,knell]'s e>ly y\?4 ,x is m c]ta9 t he travell$ 9 ,italy & return$ to settle 9 ,hamburg1 b *ang+ 8 plans1 he came to ,engl&1 :5 he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 9 #afge4 ,london became 8 home4 ,!re he pa9t$ portraits ) great success2 8 prices be+ fifte5 gu9eas = a head1 tw5ty if ) "o h&1 ?irty = a half1 & sixty = a :ole-l5g? portrait4 ,*>les ,,ii1 sat at ! same "t to ,knell] & to ,lely4 ,n ,titian himself pa9t$ m cr[n$ heads ?an x fell to ! lot ( ,knell] to pa9t--n less ?an six reign+ k+s & que5s ( ,engl&1 &1 9 addition1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,france1 ,*>les ,,vi1 ( ,spa91 & ! ,cz> ,pet] ( ,russia4 ,william ,,iii1 creat$ ,knell] a knight1 & ,george ,i1 rais$ ! pa9t]'s rank to t ( a b>onet4 ,sir ,godfrey 0 notori\s = 8 conceit1 irritability1 & ecc5tricity1 & = ! wit :i* sp>kl$ m 9 8 conv]sation ?an 9 any orig9ality ( obs]vation display$ 9 8 pa9t+4 ,walpole attributes to ,knell] ! opposite qualities ( great neglig5ce & great love ( money4 ,! neglig5ce or slov5l9ess1 :e!r 9 ! man or ! arti/1 did n int]f]e ) an imm5se capacity = "w1 su* z x 01 b if ,horace ,walpole be "r1 t ,knell] employ$ _m ,flemi% pa9t]s "u him to und]take ! wigs1 drap]ies1 etc4 etc41 ! am\nt ( "w 9 portrait pa9t+ :i* ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] accompli%$ is s f> expla9$4 ,he atta9$ ! end ( be+ a v ri* man1 & m>ri$ an ,engli% woman1 b left no family to succe$ to 8 weal? & 8 c\ntry-seat ( ,:itton1 :5 he di$ at 8 h\se 9 ,london 9 8 sev5ty-eigh? ye>1 9 #agbc4 ,z a pa9t] ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] %[$ consid]able tal5t 9 draw+1 & a c]ta9 cumbr\s dignity ( design1 b he _h mu* m indu/ry ( a c]ta9 k9d ?an arti/ic feel+ or ta/e4 ,:5 he & ,lely pa9t$ ,*>les ,,ii1 toge!r1 ,knell]'s application & rapidity ( execution 7 s f> be=e ^? ( ,lely1 :o 0 te*nically ! bett] pa9t] ( ! two1 t ,knell]'s picture 0 f9i%$ :5 ,lely's 0 dead-col\r$ only4 ,knell] 0 highly prais$ by ,dryd51 ,addison1 ,prior1 & ,/eele4 ,apropos ( ^! writ]s1 among ! mo/ fam\s works ( ,knell] are ! =ty-?ree portraits1 pa9t$ orig9ally = ,tonson1 ! booksell]1 ( ! memb]s ( ! ,kit ,cat club1 ! social & lit]>y club ( ! day1 :i* got its "n f ! *ance ( its hold+ its meet+s 9 a h\se ! own] ( :i* bore ! unique "n ( ,*ri/oph] ,cat4 ,ano!r s]ies ( portraits by ,knell] are :at ought to be1 9 _! designation1 ! ,hampton ,c\rt ,beauties4 ,^! are /ill1 l ! o!r ',beauties1' at ,hampton4 ,! second s]ies 0 propos$ by ,william's ,que5 ,m>y1 & includ$ h]self1 ,s>ah ,j5n+s1 ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh1 & ,m>y ,b5t9ck4 ,to ,s>ah ,j5n+s m5 did aw>d ! palm ( beauty1 b poor ,que5 ,m>y1 :o _h a mode/1 simple1 comely1 ,engli% face z a pr9cess1 _h lo/ h] fre% y\?ful *>m by ! "t %e became ,que5 ( ,engl&1 & 0 /ill fur!r disfigur$ by ! swell+ ( ! face to :i* %e 0 liable4 ,h] proposal to sub/itute ! wor?i] wom5 ( h] c\rt = ! unwor?y beauties ( h] uncle ,k+ ,*>les' c\rt 0 n reli%$1 & help$ to r5d] ,m>y unpopul>--among ! wom51 at lea/1 ( h] nobility4 ,nei!r 0 ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] qualifi$ to enhance ! attractions ( ,m>y's maids ( hon\r & ladies 9 wait+1 :o1 to complete _! disadvantages1 liv$ at a p]iod :5 x _h become ! fa%ion = wom5 to cr[n _! p]sons by an erection on _! natural heads ( artificial 'edifices ( ?ree heads4' ,to ,knell]1 z ,i h already writt51 we owe ! pres]vation ( ,raphael's c>toons4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4#dh ,,italian ,,ma/]s ,,f ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,to ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5turies--,,taddeo ,,gaddi1 #acjj1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ #acff--;,,fra ,,filippo1 #adab-adfi--;,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 #adbd-adif--,,luca ,,signorelli1 #adda1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,ab\t #aebd--;,,botticelli1 #addg-aeae--,,p]ug9o1 #addf-aebb--;,,c>paccio1 ,,date ,,& ,,place ,,( ,,bir? ,,& ,,dea? ,,unkn[n--,,crivelli--,,filipp9o ,,lipi1 ,,e>li] ,,?an #adfj--;,,antonella ,,da ,,mess9a1 ,,believ$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,at ,,v5ice1 #adif--;,,g>opalo1 #adha-aeei--,,lu9i1 ,,date ,,( ,,bir? ,,unkn[n1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,h ,,di$ ,,ab\t #aecj--,,palma1 ,,ab\t #adhj-aebh--,,p>d5one1 #adhc-aech--,,lo ,,spagna1 ,,date ,,( ,,bir? ,,unkn[n1 #aecc--;,,giulio ,,romano1 #adib-aedf--,,p>is ,,bordone1 #aejj-aegj--;,,il ,,p>migian9o1 #aejc-aedj--;,,b>occio1 #aebh-afab--;,,c>avaggio1 #aefi-afji--,,lo ,,spagnoletto1 #aeic-afef--;,,gu]c9o1 #aeib-afff--;,,albano1 #aegh-affj--,,sass(]rato1 #afje-afhe--,,vas>i1 #aeac-aegd--,,s(onisba ,,anguisciola1 #aece1 ,,ab\t #afbj--,,lav9ia ,,fontana1 #aeeb-afad4 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ! mo/ important ( ,giotto's s*ol>s1 0 born 9 #acjj1 & 0 held at ! baptismal font by ,giotto himself4 ,gaddi r w5t back on e>li] traditions & faults4 ,8 excell5ce lay 9 8 purity & simplicity ( feel+4 ,8 f9e/ pictures are f ! life ( ! ,virg91 9 ,s4 ,croce1 ,flor5ce4 ,he 01 l 8 ma/]1 a great ar*itect z well z pa9t]4 ,he furni%$ ! plans = ! ,ponte ,vec*io & ,campanile1 ,flor5ce1 aft] ,giotto's dea?4 ,he 0 possess$ ( great activity & indu/ry4 ,he is suppos$ to h di$ 9 #acff1 & re/s 9 ! sc5e ( 8 lab\rs1 s9ce he 0 buri$ 9 ! cloi/]s ( ,s4 ,croce4 ,fra ,filippo1 #adab-adfi1 a ,c>melite fri>4 ,! romantic1 sc&al\s life1 includ+ 8 slav]y 9 ,b>b>y1 attribut$ to him by ,vas>i1 ! great biograph] ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s1 has receiv$ no corroboration f mod]n rese>*es4 ,x is r refut$4 ,he always sign$ 8 pictures ',frat] ,filippus1' & 8 dea? is ent]$ 9 ! regi/] ( ! ,c>m9e conv5t z t ( ',frat] ,filippus4' ,9 all probability he 0 f fir/ to la/ a monk1 & n a disreputable "o4 ,he describes himself z ! poore/ fri> 9 ,flor5ce1 ) six m>riageable nieces dep5d5t on him1 & he is said to h be5 involv$ 9 debt4 ,8 col\r+ 0 'gold5 & broad1' 9 anticipation ( t ( ,titian2 8 drap]ies 7 f9e4 ,he 0 want+ 9 ! ideal1 b full ( human feel+1 :i* 0 apt to get rude & boi/]\s2 8 angels 7 'l great high-spirit$ boys4' ,)al1 8 /yle ( composition 0 /ately4 ,among ! be/ examples ( 8 "w are sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 frescoes 9 ! *oir ( ! ,duomo at ,prato4 ,8 panel pictures are r num]\s4 ,!re are two lunette#di pictures by ,fra ,filippo 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 #adbd-adif1 a s*ol> ( ,fra ,angelico1 b resembl+ him only 9 light & *e]ful col\r+4 ,he is said to h be5 ! fir/ ,italian pa9t] smitt5 ) ! beauty ( ! natural _w4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to create ri* l&scape backgr\nds1 & he enliv5$ 8 l&scapes ) animals4 ,he display$ a f9e fancy = ar*itectural effects1 introduc+ into 8 pictures op5 porticoes1 arcades1 balconies1 & gall]ies4 ,he lik$ to h subsidi>y gr\ps & circles ( spectators ab\t 8 pr9cipal figures4 ,9 ^! gr\ps he introduc$ portraits ( 8 contempor>ies1 true to nature & full ( expression & delicate feel+4 ,8 be/ "w is 9 ! ,campo ,santo1 ,pisa1 sc5es f ! hi/ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 rang+ f ,noah to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba4 ,! ,pisans 7 s pleas$ ) 8 "w z to pres5t him1 9 #adgh1 ) a s>cophagus int5d$ to conta9 8 rema9s :5 !y %\ld be deposit$ 9 ! ,campo ,santo4 ,he surviv$ ! gift eighte5 ye>s1 dy+ 9 #adif4 ,8 easel pictures are r>e1 & d n (f] good repres5tations ( ! ma/]4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,national ,gall]y--a ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) sa9ts & angels4 ,luca d',egidio di ,v5tura1 call$ also ,luca 'da ,cortona1' f 8 bir?-place1 & ,luca ,signorelli1 #adda1 suppos$ to h di$ ab\t #aebd4 ,8 is a great "n 9 ! ,tuscan ,s*ool4 ,he play$ an important "p 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 ?\gh he is only repres5t$ by "o wall picture1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,moses4 ,at 8 be/ he anticipat$ ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 p[] & gr&eur1 b he 0 giv5 to exagg]ation4 ,8 fame re/s pr9cipally on 8 frescoes at ,orvieto1 :]e1 by a /range *ance1 he 0 appo9t$1 aft] an int]val ( "t1 to cont9ue & complete ! "w begun by ,fra ,angelico1 ! ma/] mo/ oppos$ to ,signorelli 9 /yle4 ,luca add$ ! great dramatic sc5es :i* include ! hi/ory ( ,anti*ri/1 execut$ ) a gr&eur :i* 'only ,lion>do among ! pa9t]s %>+ a reali/ic t5d5cy c\ld h surpass$4' ,^! sc5es1 :i* conta9 ,! ,resurrection1 ,hell1 & ,p>adise1 be> a /rong resemblance to ! "w ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,9 8 f9e draw+ ( ! human figure ,signorelli may be kn[n by '! squ>5ess ( 8 =ms 9 jo9ts & extremities4' ,a conspicu\s detail 9 8 pictures is frequ5tly a bright-col\r$ ,roman sc>f4 ,8 "w is r>ely se5 nor? ( ! ,alps4 ,s&ro ,filipepi1 call$ ,botticelli1 #addg-aeae4 ,he 0 an appr5tice to a goldsmi?1 & !n became a s*ol> ( ,filippo ,lipi's4 ,botticelli 0 vehem5t & impetu\s1 full ( passion & poetry1 seek+ to express movem5t4 ,he 0 ! mo/ dramatic pa9t] ( 8 s*ool4 ,occasionally he rises to a gr&eur t allies him to ,signorelli & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,8 circul> pictures ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) angels1 are num]\s4 ,l ,fra ,filippo1 ,botticelli's angels are noble y\?s1 "s ( !m belong+ to ! great families ( ! "t4 ,!y are prone to be ec/atic ) joy or frantic ) grief4 ,!re is a gr& ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 by ,botticelli at ,hamilton ,palace1 & a beautiful ,nativity by ! old ma/] belongs to ,mr ,full] ,maitl&4 ,8 ,madonna & ,*ild are gr& & tragic figures always4 ,botticelli's noble frescoes 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel are apt to be ov]look$ because ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's 'sublime "w' on ! ceil+4 ,!re has be5 a revival ( ,botticelli's r5[n )9 late ye>s1 p>tly due to ! new int]e/ 9 ! e>li] ,italian pa9t]s :i* ,mr ,br[n+ has done some?+ to /imulate4 ,i quote "s ?\ghtful rem>ks on ,botticelli by ,w4,c4 ,lefroy 9 ,macmillan's ,magaz9e3 ',mr ,rusk91 we "k1 divides ,italian art into ! art ( fai?1 beg9n+ ) ,giotto1 & la/+ r m ?an #bjj ye>s1 & ! art ( unbelief1 or at lea/ ( cold & inop]ative fai?1 beg9n+ 9 ! middle ( ,raphael's life4 ,b :atev] division we adopt1 we mu/ rememb] t ! revival ( ,paganism1 z a matt] ( fact1 affect$ m5 9 diff]5t ways4 ,"r across ! s*ools ?is new _s draws its l9e1 b ! l9e is n a h>d & %>p "o4 ,"s m5 lie :olly on "o side ( x1 ) ,giotto1 ,angelico1 & ,orcagna2 "s :olly ^u ! o!r1 ) ,titian & ,correggio1 b !re are "s on :om x seems to fall z a ra9b[ falls ^u a hill-side4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ,botticelli4 ,n[ he tries to pa9t z m5 pa9t$ 9 ! old days ( unpollut$ fai?1 & !n aga9 he breaks away & pa9ts l a v hea!n4 ',! int]e/ :i* ?is arti/ has excit$ 9 ! pres5t g5]ation has be5 exagg]at$ into some?+ l a fa%ion1 & rec5t criticism has delight$ to f9d or imag9e 9 him ! idiosyncrasies ( rec5t ?\ght4 ,to u x may be he does 9 tru? say m ?an he or 8 contempor>ies dream$ (1 b :ile true criticism w /]nly refuse to help u to see 9 8 pictures t :i* is purely subjective1 x w1 ,i ?9k1 recognise ! fact t a day l ours is capable ( read+ 9 ! subtle sugge/ions ( anci5t art ?\ghts :i* h only n[ come to be frankly def9$ or exquisitely analys$4 ,to u1 moreov]1 ,botticelli pres5ts n only ! poem ( ! app>ition ( ! "y & beautiful manhood ( humanism be=e ! brood+ & entranc$1 yet half expectant1 maid5hood ( m$iaevalism1 b also ! poem ( ! pa9t]'s own peculi> relation to t crisis4 ,= u !re is ! poetry ( ! ?+ itself1 & also ! poetry ( ,botticelli's attempt to express x4 ,! "w ( ,botticelli does n supply a univ]sal utt]ance = mank9d l ,%akespe>e's plays1 b :5 we /& be=e ! scre5 on :i* 8 ,nativity is hung1 or contemplate 9 ! adjo9+ room 8 two p]plex$ conceptions ( ,aphrodite1 we are face to face ) a g5u9e outcome ( t memorable meet+1 m$iaevalism1 humanism1 & ,savon>ola1 :i* no g5]ation c af=d to ignore1 & our own especially delights to contemplate4 ,!re has be5 mu* dispute ab\t ! date ( ,botticelli's ,nativity1 & "s def5d]s ( ,savon>ola h hop$ to read #aeaa 9 ! /range "* ( its inscription1 s t ?is beautiful picture1 /&+ =? z ! "w ( "o = _m ye>s "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,frate1 may refute ! common calumny t t influ5ce 0 unfri5dly to art4 ,our catalogue1 inde$1 unhesitat+ly ass]ts ( ,botticelli1 t he became a foll[] ( ,savon>ola & no d\bt suff]$ f x2 b ?\gh !re seems to be really little d\bt t ! ,nativity 0 pa9t$ 9 #aejj1 ! inscription1 ) its my/ic allusion to ! ,apocalypse1 & ! :ole "* ( ! picture1 af=d unmi/akable evid5ce ( ! influ5ce ( ,savon>ola4' ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 #addf1 di$ ( ! plague at ,frontignano 9 #aebb4 ,p]ug9o is ano!r pa9t] :o has be5 indebt$ to ! la/ ,r5aissance4 ,8 fame1 9 ?is c\ntry re/$ *iefly on ! circum/ance t he 0 ,raphael's ma/]1 :om ! g5]\s pr9ce ( pa9t]s delight$ to hon\r1 till ! tide ( fa%ion 9 art rose sudd5ly & float$ old ,pietro once m to ! front4 ,at 8 be/ he _h lum9\s col\r1 grace1 s(tness1 & en?usia/ic e>ne/ness1 especially 9 8 "y heads4 ,8 defects 7 monotony1 & =mality1 toge!r ) comp>ative ignorance ( ! pr9ciples ( 8 art4 ,8 conception ( 8 call+ 9 its true dignity 0 n high4 ,8 attempts at express+ ard\r deg5]at$ into mann]ism1 & he acquir$ habits & tricks ( arrangem5t & /yle1 among :i* figur$ 8 fav\rite upturn$ heads1 t 9 ! end 7 ill drawn1 &1 l e o!r affectation1 became we>isome4 ,9 ! process ( fall+ (f z an arti/1 :5 m]e manual dext]ity took ! place ( e>ne/ devotion & hone/ pa9s1 ,p]ug9o _h a l>ge /udio :]e _m pupils execut$ 8 commissions1 & :]e1 work+ = ga9 in/ead ( excell5ce 9 art1 he _h ! satisfaction1 d\btless1 ( amass+ a l>ge =tune4 ,among 8 f9e/ works is ! picture ( an en?ron$ ,madonna & ,*ild 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,uffizi4 ,ano!r f9e ,madonna ) ,sa9ts is at ,cremona4 ,8 frescoes 9 ! ,sala del ,campio at ,p]ugia are among 8 be/ works4 ,! subjects ( ^! frescoes are p>tly scriptural2 p>tly my?ological4 ,9 ! execution !re is excell5ce alike 9 draw+1 col\r+1 & ! disposal ( drap]y4 ,a *ef d'oeuvre by ! ma/] is ! ,madonna ( ! ,c]tosa at ,pavia1 n[ 91 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,yet x is said to h be5 pa9t$ at ! v p]iod :5 ,mi*ael ,angelo ridicul$ ,p]ug9o's "w z 'absurd & antiquat$4' ,vittore ,c>paccio1 date & place ( bir? unkn[n1 ?\gh he is said to h be5 a native ( ,i/ria4 ,he 0 a hi/orical pa9t] ( ! e>ly ,v5etian ,s*ool & a foll[] ( ! ,bell9i4 ,8 romantic g5re pictures %[ ! daily life ( ! ,v5ice ( 8 "t1 & are furni%$ ) l&scape & ar*itectural backgr\nds4 ,8 ma/]ly & ri* "w is mo/ly 9 ,v5ice4 ,he introduces animals freely & well 9 8 designs4 ,c>lo ,crivelli 0 ano!r ma/] ( ! fifte5? c5tury :o des]ves notice4 ,he _h /rong individuality1 yet 0 influ5c$ by ! ,paduan & ,v5etian ,s*ools4 ,he display$ an old-fa%ion$ pref]5ce = pa9t+ 9 temp]a4 ,sometimes 8 draw+ approa*es t ( ,mantegna1 :ile he has a gorge\sness ( col\r+ all 8 own4 ,8 pictures occasionally %[ dignity ( composition 9 comb9ation ) grace & da9t9ess2 b he c\ld be guilty ( exagg]at$ vehem5ce ( expression4 ,he frequ5tly introduc$ fruit1 fl[]s1 & birds 9 8 "w4 ,he is fully repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 8 works !re rang+ f 'small t5d] pictures ( ! dead ,*ri/ ) angels1 to a sumptu\s alt>-piece 9 num]\s comp>tm5ts4' ,filipp9o ,lipi 0 an adopt$ son & probably a relation ( ,fra ,filippo's1 ?\gh a s*ol>'s use ( 8 ma/]'s "n 0 n uncommon4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is e>li] ?an #adfj4 ,filipp9o 0 also a pupil ( ,botticelli's1 :ile !re 0 a high] s5se ( beauty & grace 9 ! pupil ?an 9 ! tea*]4 ,among 8 la/ works is ! ,vision ( ,/ ,b]n>d1 an easel picture 9 ! ,badia at ,flor5ce4 ,! app>ition ( ! ,madonna 9 ?is picture is said to be 'full ( *>m4' ,9 8 l>g] works he is "o ( ! greate/ hi/orical pa9t]s ( 8 c\ntry4 ,roman antiquities _h ! same ke5 int]e/ = him :i* !y held = ! greate/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 & he made free use ( !m 9 ! ar*itecture ( 8 pictures4 ,he has f9e "w 9 ! ,c>melite ,*ur*1 ,flor5ce1 & 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,sopra ,m9]va1 ,rome4 ,mu* ( "s ( 8 pictures is pa9t$ ov]4 ,! ,national ,gall]y has a picture ( ,filipp9o's '( gr& execution1' ?\gh almo/ col\rless--! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) ,/ ,j]ome & ,/ ,francis4 ,antonella da ,mess9a 0 ! ,neapolitan pa9t] :o br\ght ! practice ( pa9t+ 9 oils f ! ,ne!rl&s into ,italy1 ?\gh x is n[ believ$1 f /ubborn discrepancies 9 dates1 t ! /ory ( 8 great fri5d%ip ) ,jan ,van ,eyck1 z giv5 by ,vas>i1 is apo*ryphal4 ,v likely ,hans ,meml+1 call$ also ',john ( ,bruges1' 0 ! real fri5d & lead] ( ,antonella4 ,8 be/ "w consi/$ ( portraits4 ,he is believ$ to h di$ at ,v5ice 9 #adif4 ,b5v5uto ,tisio1 surnam$ f ! place ( 8 bir? ,g>(alo1 0 born 9 #adha1 & di$ 9 #aeei4 ,he pass$ f ! e>ly s*ool ( ,f]r>a to t ( ,raphael4 ,8 conception 0 apt to be fanta/ic1 :ile 8 col\r+ 0 vivid to abruptness1 & he 0 defici5t 9 *>m ( expression4 ,he fell into ! fault ( monoton\s ideality4 ,at ! same "t 8 heads are beautiful1 & 8 drap]y is classic4 ,8 f9e/ "w is an ',entombm5t' 9 ! ,borghese ,palace1 ,rome4 ,!re is an alt>-piece by ,g>(alo1 a ,madonna & ,*ild ) angels1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,b]n>do ,lu9i1 :o /&s =emo/ among ! s*ol>s ( ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 0 born by ! ,lago ,maggiore1 ! date unkn[n1 came to ,milan 9 #aejj1 0 eld]ly 9 #aebe1 & is suppos$ to h di$ n long aft] #aecj4 ,8 "w is *iefly f\nd 9 ,milan4 ,8 great m]it has be5 only lately ackn[l$g$4 ,he is n 'v p[]ful or orig9al1' b = 'purity1 grace1 & spiritual expression1' he ranks v high4 ,he unites ! e>ne/ness ( ! old] ma/]s ) ! prevail+ feel+ = beauty ( ! great ma/]s ( ,italian ,art4 ,8 pictures 7 long mi/ak5 = ^? ( 8 ma/]1 ,lion>do1 ?\gh x is said t :5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is once po9t$ out1 x is easily recognis$2 inde$1 ! resemblance is conf9$ to a smil+ beatific expression 9 ! c\nt5ances1 :i* ab\nds m 9 ,lu9i's pictures4 ,8 heads ( wom51 *ildr51 & angels pres5t e degree ( s]5ity1 sweet *e]fulness & happ9ess1 up to ec/atic rapture4 ',*ri/ ,disput+ ) ! ,doctors1' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 =m]ly call$ a ,lion>do1 is n[ kn[n to be a ,lu9i4 ,he pa9t$ mu*1 :e!r 9 temp]a1 fresco1 or oil4 ,8 fav\rite subjects 9 oil 7 ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) ,/ ,john & ! ,lamb1 & ! ,m>riage ( ,/ ,ca!r9e4 ,probable he appe>s to greate/ advantage 9 frescoes4 ,he is said to h rea*$ 8 highe/ p]fection 9 ! figure ( ,/ ,john 9 a ,crucifixion 9 ! ,mona/]io ,maggiore1 ,milan4 ,jacopo ,palma1 call$ ,il ,palma ,vec*io1 0 born ab\t #adhj ne> ,b]gamo1 & di$ 9 #aebh4 ,he is believ$ to h /udi$ "u ,giovanni ,bell9i1 :ile he is also ! *ief foll[] ( ,giorgione4 ,8 *>act]i/ics are ample =ms & gorge\s bread? ( drap]y4 ,8 female sa9ts1 ) _! l>ge r\nd$ figures1 h a s(t yet comm&+ expression4 ,he _h an en*ant+ feel+ = l&scape1 :i* seems to h be5 ! bir?right ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s4 ,to ,palma is ow+ :at are call$ ',santa ,conv]sazione1' :]e !re are num]\s gr\ps r\nd ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 z if !y are hold+ a c\rt 9 a retir$ & beautiful c\ntry nook4 ,palma rivall$ ,giorgione & ,titian z a pa9t] ( wom5's portraits4 ,among ^! is t ( 8 daught] ,violante1 believ$ to h be5 lov$ by ,titian4 ',palma's ?ree ,daught]s1' 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 is a ma/]piece ( 'fair1 full-bl[n beauty4' ,! hair ( ! wom5 is ( ! curi\sly blea*$ yell[ t9t affect$ !n by ! ,v5etian ladies4 ,palma pa9t$ _m pictures1 leav+ at 8 dea? =ty-our unf9i%$4 ,giovanni ,antonio da ,p>d5one1 born #adhc1 di$ #aech4 ,he _h _m names1 ',p>d5one' f 8 bir?-place1 ',corticellis' f t ( 8 fa!r1 & he is believ$ to h assum$ ! "n ',regillo' aft] he receiv$ knigh?ood f ! ,k+ ( ,hung>y4 ,he 0 ,v5etian 9 8 arti/ic qualities4 ,_m ( 8 works are 9 8 native ,p>det[ns ne>4 ,all h suff]$ & "s are n[ hidd5 by :itewa%4 ,8 *ief /r5g? lay 9 fresco4 ,8 sc5es f ! ,passion 9 ! ca!dral1 ,cremona1 are greatly damag$ & wret*$ly re/or$1 b !y /ill reveal ! pa9t] z a great ma/]4 ,!y h 'f9e draw+1 action1 excell5t col\r+1 gr& managem5t ( light & %ade1 ) fre$om ( h& & dignity ( conception4' ,9 ! prophets & sibyls ar\nd ! cupola ( ! ,madonna di ,campagna1 ,piac5za1 ,p>d5one's p[] is fully prov54 ,8 imm5se works 9 fresco acc\nt = ! r>ity ( 8 oil pictures & _! comp>ative inf]iority4 ,!re is only "o picture1 & t a portrait1 indisputably assign$ to ,p>d5one 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ,b>+ ,collection4 ,giovanni di ,pietro1 kn[n z ,lo ,spagna 7! ,spani>d71 0 a contempor>y ( ,raphael's1 a fell[-pupil ( 8 "u ,p]ug9o4 ,!re is no record ( ! "t & place ( ,lo ,spagna's bir?4 ,he di$ 9 #aecc4 ,he 0 a c>eful1 consci5ti\s foll[] ( ,p]ug9o & ,raphael1 do+ f9i%$ & delicate "w2 an ',assumption' 9 a *ur* at ,trevi is a f9e example ( 8 qualities4 ,8 be/ picture 0 pa9t$ 9 #aeaf1 & is at ,assisi4 ,x repres5ts ! ,madonna en?ron$ ) ?ree sa9ts on ea* side4 ,9 8 lat] works he betray$ feebl5ess4 ,pictures by ,lo ,spagna are (t5 attribut$ to ,raphael4 ,giulio ,pippi1 surnam$ ,romano1 born 9 #adib1 di$ 9 #aedf1 0 a v diff]5t pa9t]1 :ile he 0 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ,raphael's s*ol>s4 ,he _h a vigor\s1 d>+ _s1 ) a free h& & a bold fancy4 ,s long z he pa9t$ "u ,raphael1 ,giulio foll[$ 8 ma/] closely1 especially 9 8 /udy ( ! antique1 b he lack$ ! purity & grace ( 8 tea*]1 on ^: dea?1 ! pupil leav+ ,rome1 pursu$ 8 own co>s]1 m vehem5t impulses4 ,! frescoes 9 ! ,villa ,modama1 ,rome1 are good examples ( 8 /yle1 s is ! alt>-piece ( ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/ ,/eph5 9 ,s4 ,/efano1 ,g5oa4 ,giulio ,romano 0 ! ar*itect :o design$ ! rebuild+ ( half ,mantua4 ,8 be/ easel picture 9 ,engl& is ! ',education ( ,jupit] by ,nymphs & ,corybantes1' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,9 ,raphael's lifetime 8 pr9cipal s*ol> 0 accu/om$ to "w on ! ma/]'s pictures1 & on 8 dea? ,giulio1 toge!r ) ano!r pupil1 ,gianfrancesco ,p5ni1 7 left executors ( ,raphael's w & heirs ( 8 designs4 ,p>is ,bordone 0 born at ,treviso 9 #aejj & di$ 9 #aegj4 ,he 0 educat$ 9 ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 & rema9$ rem>kable = delicate rosy col\r 9 8 fle% t9ts & = purple1 crimson1 & %ot hues 9 8 drap]ies1 :i* 7 usually small & 9 crumpl$ folds4 ,8 *ef d'oeuvre is 9 ! ,v5etian ,academy4 ,x is a fi%]man pres5t+ a r+ to ! ,doge1 & is a l>ge & f9e picture ) _m figures4 ,he dealt frequ5tly 9 my?ological or poetic subjects4 ,!re is an example ( ! fir/ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,he 0 great 9 s+le female subjects & wom5's portraits4 ,!re is a portrait by ,bordone ( a lovely woman ( n9ete5 belong+ to ! ,brignole family1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,he _h (t5 f9e l&scape & gr& ar*itecture 9 8 pictures4 ,il ,p>migian9o1 born #aejc1 di$ #aedj1 0 a foll[] ( ,correggio's4 ,9 ,p>migian9o's case ! dang] ( ! ma/]'s peculi>ities became app>5t by ! lapse into affectation & frivolity4 ',8 ,madonnas are empty & condesc5d+1 8 female sa9ts l ladies 9 wait+4' ,/ill !re 7 c]ta9 inde/ructible beauties ( ! ma/] :i* yet clung to ! s*ol>4 ,he _h cle> w>m col\r+1 decision1 & good conception ( human life4 ,he 0 highly successful 9 portraits4 ,!re is a spl5did portrait by ,p>migian9o1 said to be ,columbus1 9 ,naples4 ,among 8 celebrat$ pictures is ',! ,madonna ) ! ,long ,neck1' 9 ! ,pitti ,palace4 ,an alt>-piece 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* repres5ts a ,madonna 9 ! cl\ds ) ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/ appe>+ to ,/ ,j]ome1 is a good example ( ,p>migian9o4 ,x is said t he 0 engross$ ) ?is picture dur+ ! siege ( ,rome 9 #aebg4 ,! soldi]s ent]$ ! /udio int5t on pillage1 b surpris+ ! ma/] at 8 "w1 respect$ 8 en?usiasm & protect$ him4 ,f$]igo ,b>occio1 ( ,urb9o1 born 9 #aebh1 di$ 9 #afab1 0 also a foll[] ( ,correggio's1 & made a /& aga9/ ! decl9e ( art 9 8 day4 ,he 0 t5d] & idyllic1 ?\gh apt 9 8 turn to be affect$ & s5tim5tal4 ,:5 pa9t+ 9 ! ,vatican1 ,rome1 8 rivals s\ght to take 8 life by poison4 ,! attempt caus$ ,b>occio to return to ,urb9o1 :]e he e/abli%$ himself & execut$ 8 commissions4 ,amirighi da ,c>avaggio 0 born at ,c>avaggio 9 #aefi1 & di$ at ,porto ,ercole 9 #afji4 ,he 0 *ief ( ! naturali/ic s*ool1 ! memb]s ( :i* pa9t$ common nature & viol5t passions 9 bitt] opposition to ! eclectics1 especially ! ,c>acci4 ,! feud 0 sometimes c>ri$ on appositely en\gh on ! side ( ! naturali/ic pa9t]s by poison & dagg]4 ,c>avaggio 0 di/+ui%$ by 8 wild temp] & /ormy life1 9 keep+ ) 8 pictures4 ,he resid$ pr9cipally 9 ,rome1 b dwelt also 9 ,naples4 ,he is vulg> b /rik+1 ev5 pa!tic 9 "s ( 8 pictures4 ,! ',behead+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/1' 9 ! ,ca!dral1 ,malta1 is "o ( 8 ma/]pieces4 ,8 ,holy ,families n[ & !n resemble gipsy m5ages4 ,guiseppe ,ribi]a1 a ,spani>d1 & s call$ ,lo ,spagnoletto1 0 born #aeic & di$ #afef4 ,he foll[$ ,c>avaggio1 :ile he reta9$ rem9isc5ces ( ! ,spani% ,s*ool & ( ! ,v5etian ma/]s4 ,"s ( 8 be/ pictures1 su* z '! ,pieta ) ! ,m>ys & ! ,disciples1' & 8 ',la/ ,supp]1' are 9 ,naples4 ,he _h a wild fancy ) a pref]5ce = horrible subjects--executions1 tortures--9 ?is respect resembl+ ,dom5i*9o4 ,lo ,spagnoletto is said to be p>ticul>ly unpleasant 9 8 my?ological sc5es4 ,_m ( 8 pictures h black5$ ) "t4 ,8 ',m>y ( ,egypt /&+ by h] op5 ,grave' is a rem>kable picture 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,giovanni ,francesco ,b>bi]a1 surnam$ ,gu]c9o da ,c9to1 approa*$ ! s*ool ( ! ,c>acci4 ,9 8 art he resembl$ ,guido ,r5i1 ) ! same sweetness1 great] livel9ess1 & f9e *i>oscuro4 ',dido's ,la/ ,mom5ts' & ',/ ,pet] rais+ ,tabi?a' 9 ,rome & 9 ! ,pitti ,palace are f9e examples ( ,gu]c9o's "w4 ,8 lat] pictures1 l ,guido's1 are fasc9at+ 9 s(tness1 delicate col\r+ & t5d] s5tim5t1 deg5]at+1 h[ev]1 into mann]ism & insipidity1 :ile 8 col\r+ becomes at la/ pale & wa%y4 ,albano1 born #aegh1 di$ #affj4 ,he _h elegance & *e]fulness :i* h>dly rose to grace4 ,he pa9t$ mo/ly sc5es f anci5t my?ology1 su* z ',v5us & h] ,companions4' ,religi\s subjects 7 comp>atively r>e ) him2 "o1 h[ev]1 (t5 repeat$ 0 ! ',infant ,*ri/ sleep+ on ! ,cross4' ,giovanni ,batti/a ,salvi1 surnam$ f 8 bir?-place ,sass(]rato1 0 born 9 #afje & di$ 9 #afhe4 ,he foll[$ ! s*ol>s ( ! ,c>acci1 b ) "s indep5d5ce1 return+ to old] & great] ma/]s4 ,8 art 0 di/+ui%$ by a peculi> b slightly affect$ g5tl5ess ( conception1 pleas+ & sweet--) ! sweetness v]g+ on weakness4 ,he f9i%$ ) m9ute c>e4 ,he gave con/ant repres5tations ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild & ,holy ,families 9 a dome/ic "*4 ,9 "o ( 8 pictures 9 ,naples ! ,madonna is engag$ 9 sew+4 ,8 mo/ celebrat$1 ',madonna del ,ros>io1' is 9 ,s4 ,sab9a1 ,rome4 ,! ,madonna b5d+ 9 ec/atic wor%ip ov] an infant ,*ri/ ly+ on a cu%ion is 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,giorgio ,vas>i 0 born at ,arezzo 9 #aeab & di$ at ,flor5ce 9 #aegd4 ,he 0 an ar*itect1 or jewell]1 & a hi/orical pa9t] ( heavy cr[d$ pictures4 ,8 lives ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s & sculptors up to 8 own "t1 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?\gh full ( traditional gossip1 are invaluable z graphic *ronicles ( mu* int]e/+ in=mation :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 lo/4 ,s(onisba ,anguisciola1 born #aece1 di$ ab\t #afbj1 0 a pupil ( ,b]n>d9o ,campi ab\t ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury at ,cremona4 ,%e is ju/ly prais$ by ,vas>i4 ,?\gh h] works are r>e !re are a few 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,?ree ( h] pictures :i* are m5tion$ ) high comm5dation by ,dr4 ,waag5 are1 'a nun 9 ! :ite robes ( h] ord]1 nobly conceiv$ & delicately col\r$1' 9 ,"l ,y>bor\gh's collection2 9 ,mr ,h>c\rt's collection1 'h] own portrait1 /ill v y\?ful1 delicate1 *>m+1 & cle>2' & 9 ! collection ( ! late ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell1 'ano!r portrait ( h]self at an easel pa9t+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild on wood1 delicately conceiv$1 cle> 9 col\r1 & v c>eful4' ,lav9ia ,fontana1 born 9 #aeeb1 di$ #afad1 0 a daught] ( ,prosp]o ,fontana1 :o belong$ to ! fa/ deg5]at+ ,bolognese arti/s at ! close ( ! sixte5? & beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,%e 0 a bett] arti/ ?an h] fell[ pa9t]s1 work$ clev]ly & boldly1 & %[$ tru? to nature4 ,%e has left excell5t portraits4 ,9 ! late ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell's collection !re is a picture by h]1 ',two girls 9 a boat ) a y\? r[+1' on wood1 '( v graceful motive & c>eful treatm5t4' ,,*apt] ,,xiii4#ej ,,g]man1 ,,flemi%1 ,,& ,,dut* ,,arti/s ,,f ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,to ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury--,,van ,,d] ,,weyd51 ,a ,,contempor>y ,,( ,,! ,,van ,,eycks1 #acff-addb--,,van ,,leyd51 #adid-aecc--,,van ,,som]1 #aegj-afbd--,,snyd]s1 #aegi-afeg--;,g4 ,,hon?or/1 #aeib-affb--;,,jan ,,/e51 #afbf-afgi--;,,g]>d ,,d[1 #afac-afhj--;,,de ,,hoo*1 ,,dates ,,( ,,bir? ,,& ,,dea? ,,unkn[n--,,van ,,o/ade1 #afaj-afhe--,,maas1 #afcb-afic--,,metzu1 #afae1 ,,/ill ,,alive ,,9 #affg--,,t]burg1 #afjh-afha--,,net*]1 #afci-afhd--;,,bol1 #afaa-afhj--,,van ,,d] ,,hel/1 #afac-afgj--,,ruysdael1 #afbe 787-#afhb--;,,hobbema1 #afch-agji--;,,b]*em1 #afbj-afhc--;,,bo?1 #afaj 787-#afej 787--,,du ,,j>d91 #afbe-afgh--;,,adrian ,,van ,,de ,,velde1 #afci-afgb--,,van ,,d] ,,heyd51 #afcg-agab--;,,de ,,witte1 #afjg-afib--,,van ,,d] ,,ne]1 #afai787-afhc--,,william ,,van ,,de ,,velde ,,! ,,y\ng]1 #afcc-agjg--;,,backhuys51 #afca-agjh--,,van ,,de ,,capella1 ,,ab\t #afec--;,,hondecoet]1 #afcf-afie--;,,jan ,,we5ix1 #afdd-agai--,,pat] ,,seg]s1 #aeij-affa--,,van ,,huysum1 #afhb-agdi--,,van ,,d] ,,w]ff1 #afei-agbb--,,m5gs1 #agbh-aggd4 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 0 a contempor>y ( ! ,van ,eycks1 born at ,t\rnai4 ,8 e>ly pictures 9 ,brussels are lo/4 ,he visit$ ,italy 9 #adci1 & 0 treat$ ) di/9ction at ,f]r>a4 ,8 ,flemi% reali/ic ca/ ( m9d & arti/ic p[] rema9$ utt]ly unaffect$ by ! gr& ,italian pictures ) :i* he came 9 contact2 s did 8 pr(\nd e>ne/ness1 :i* mu/ h be5 great inde$1 s9ce its effects are felt ?r\gh all imp$im5ts d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,8 expressive realism *ose subjects 9 :i* ! s5tim5ts ( grief & pity c\ld be mo/ fitly %[n4 ,he /]nly reject$ any sugge/ion to idealise ! human =m1 & pa9t heads1 h&s1 or feet diff]5t f ^? 9 ord9>y life4 ',x is ! simplicity ) :i* he gives expression by l>ge & melan*oly eyes1 ?\ght by projections ( ! =ehead1 grief by contract$ muscles1 & suff]+ by att5uation ( ! fle% :i* t\*es u4' ,! deadly e>ne/ness ( ! man impresses ! spectator at ?is di/ant date4 ',!re is no smile 9 any ( 8 faces1 b !re is _m a face wrung ) agony1 & !re is _m a te>4' ,he object$ to %ad[ 9 e =m1 & fill$ 8 pictures ) an inv>iable atmosph]e & light--^? :i* belong to dawn be=e sunrise4 ,among 8 f9] works are a tripty*#ea belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]1 a ',la/ ,judgm5t' 9 ! ,hospital at ,be>ne1 & a l>ge ',desc5t f ! ,cross' 9 ,madrid4 ,9 ! tripty* 9 ! c5tre is ,*ri/ ) black hair1 :i* is unusual1 9 8 left h& ! globe4 ,on 8 "r is ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 on 8 left ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/2 on ! "r w+ is ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 on 8 left ! ,magdal5e4 ,lucas ,van ,leyd5 0 born 9 #adid & di$ 9 #aecc4 ,he pa9t$ bo? scriptural subjects & ev]yday sc5es1 be+ a man ( v>i$ p[]s4 ,he work$ admirably = 8 "t1 & add$ to 8 art t ( an engrav]4 ,he foll[$ ! ,van ,eycks1 b l[]$ _! treatm5t ( sacr$ subjects4 ,9 incid5ts tak5 f common life he %[$ himself full ( obs]vation1 & possess$ ( "s hum\r4 ,8 pictures are r>e4 ,a ',la/ ,judgm5t1' 9 ! ,t[n ,h\se1 ,leyd51 is a /rik+ b unpleasant example ( ,lucas ,van ,leyd5's "w4 ,paul ,van ,som] 0 born at ,antw]p 9 #aegj1 & di$ 9 #afbd4 ,he work$ = _m ye>s 9 ,engl&1 :]e 8 be/ works--portraits--rema94 ,he 0 tru?ful1 a good col\ri/1 & f9i%$ c>efully4 ,8 portraits ( ,"l ,bacon at ,pan%ang] & ( ! ,e>l & ,c\ntess ( ,arundel at ,arundel ,ca/le are well kn[n4 ,frans ,snyd]s 0 born 9 #aegi1 & di$1 at ,antw]p 9 #afeg4 ,aft] ,rub5s1 ,snyd]s 0 ! greate/ ,flemi% animal pa9t]4 ,he pa9t$ along ) ,rub5s (t51 ,snyd]s supply+ ! animals & ,rub5s ! figures4 ,frans ,snyd]s paid a visit to ,italy & ,rome1 f :i* he seems to h pr(it$1 judg+ by 8 skill 9 arrangem5t4 ,?is skill he display$ also 9 8 kit*5-pieces 7magnific5t %[s ( fruit1 vegetables1 game1 fi%1 etc471 :i*1 l 8 animal pictures1 are num]\s4 ,9 "o ( ^! kit*5-pieces 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 ,rub5s & 8 second wife are said to figure z ! cooks4 ,pr9ces & nobles bade = ,snyd]s' pictures4 ,!re is a fam\s ',bo> ,hunt' 9 ! ,l\vre1 9 ,muni* ',lionesses ,pursu+ a ,roebuck1' 9 ,vi5na ',bo> attack$ by ,n9e ,dogs4' ,snyd]s' animal pictures are full ( en]getic action & fi]ce passion4 ,to ^! qualities is frequ5tly add$ hide\s realism 9 detail4 ,!re are _m ,snyd]s 9 ,engli% gall]ies4 ,g]>d ,hon?or/ 0 born at ,utre*t 9 #aeib1 & di$ 9 #affb4 ,he 0 a foll[] ( ,c>avaggio4 ,he visit$ ,italy & f\nd fav\r 9 ,rome1 :]e he got f 8 night-pieces ,correggio's "n1 ',della ,notte4' ,hon?or/ 0 summon$ to ,engl& by ,*>les ,i41 = :om he pa9t$ sev]al pictures4 ,he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,pr9ce ,fr$]ick ,h5ry ( ,orange1 & pa9t$ also = ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k4 ,he left an extraord9>y numb] ( works1 sacr$1 my?ological1 hi/orical1 & latt]ly _m portraits4 ,he drew well & pa9t$ p[]fully1 b 0 co>sely reali/ic 9 8 treatm5t4 ,at ,hampton ,c\rt !re are two ( 8 be/ portraits1 ^? ( ! un=tunate ,que5 ( ,bohemia & ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham & 8 family4 ,g]>d ,hon?or/'s y\ng] bro!r1 ,william1 0 a portrait pa9t] n unlike ! eld] bro!r 9 /yle4 ,jan ,/e5 0 born at ,leyd5 9 #afbf1 & di$ 9 #afgi4 ,he 0 great z a g5re pa9t]4 ,he is said to h be51 aft] ,rembr&t1 ! mo/ humor\s ( ,dut* pa9t]s1 full ( animal spirits & fun4 ,at 8 be/1 composition1 col\r+1 & execution 7 all 9 excell5t keep+4 ,at 8 wor/1 he 0 vulg> & repulsive 9 8 heads1 & c>eless & faulty 9 8 "w4 ,he 0 v r>ely ei!r k9dly or rev]5t 9 8 subjects1 ?\gh1 9 spite ( :at is kn[n to h be5 8 riot\s life1 he is comp>atively free f ! grossness :i* is (t5 ! %ame ( ,flemi% & ,dut* art4 ,jan ,/e5 succe$$ 8 fa!r z a brew] & tav]n-keep] at ,delft4 ,he r5\nc$ ! brew]y1 9 :i* he did n succe$1 & jo9$ ! ,pa9t]s' ,guild1 ,ha>lem2 b 8 position z a tav]n-keep] is reflect$ 9 8 pictures1 ( :i* eat+ & dr9k+1 c>d-play+1 etc41 are frequ5tly ! motifs4 ,8 family relations 7 n conducive to high] pr9ciples & ta/es4 ,he is said to h be5 s lo/ to common feel+ z to h pa9t$ 8 fir/ wife :5 %e 0 9 a /ate ( intoxication4#eb ,8 second wife may h be5 a wor?i] woman1 b %e 0 drawn f ! l[e/ class1 & _h be5 accu/om$ to sell %eeps' heads & trott]s 9 ! but*]s' m>ket4 ,)\t d\bt ,jan ,/e5 _h extraord9>y g5ius coexi/+ ) 8 co>se1 c>eless nature & jovial habits1 & he mu/ h work$ ) great facility1 s9ce1 9 spite ( 8 idl5ess & comp>atively e>ly dea?1 he left z _m z two hundr$ pictures1 r5d]$ him extremely popul>4 ,besides 8 fav\rite subjects1 su* z ',! ,family ,jollification1' ',! ,fea/ ( ! ,bean ,k+1' ',game ( ,skittles1' he has pictures 9 a slightly high] atmosph]e1 su* z ',a ,pa/or ,visit+ a ,"y ,girl1' ',! ,p>rot1' ',s*oolma/] ) ,unmanageable ,boys1' ',! ,pursuit ( ,al*emy4' ,among ! latt] a good example is ',! ,music ,ma/]' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,g]>d ,d[ 0 born 9 #afac & di$ 9 #afhj4 ,he 0 a g5re pa9t] ( great m]it4 ,he belong$ to ,leyd51 & 0 a pupil ( ,rembr&t4 ,he began ) portraiture1 (t5 pa9t+ 8 own face1 & w5t on to sc5es f l[ & middle-class life1 b r>ely attempt$ to repres5t high society4 ,comp>$ to ,jan ,/e51 h[ev]1 he is ref9$4 ,he _h a curi\s fondness = pa9t+ h]mits4 ,! light+ ( 8 pictures is frequ5tly by lant]n or c&le4 ,!y are mo/ly small1 & )\t animat$ action1 b are full ( picturesqu5ess4 ,he 0 a good col\ri/1 ') a r>e tru? to nature & a m>vell\s di/9ctness ( eye & precision ( h&4' ,m9ute z 8 execution 01 8 t\* 0 'free & s(t4' ,8 be/ pictures are 'l nature's self se5 ?r\gh ! cam]a obscura4' ,an in/ance (t5 giv5 ( 8 exquisite f9i% is t ( a broom 9 ! corn] ( "o ( 8 pictures4 ,"s contempor>y _h rem>k$ h[ c>eful & elaborate 0 ! lab\r be/[$ on x1 :5 ! pa9t] answ]$ t he 0 /ill to give x sev]al h\rs' "w4 ,he mu/ h be5 exce$+ly indu/ri\s z well z pa9/ak+1 s9ce he left two hundr$ pictures z 8 contribution to ,dut* art4 ,among 8 f9] pictures are ',an ,old ,woman read+ ! ,bible to h] ,husb&1' 9 ! ,l\vre2 ',! ,p\lt]]'s ,%op1' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,8 *ef d'oeuvre1 ',! ,woman ,sick ( ! ,dropsy1' is 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,8 c&lelight is ! f9e/ r5d]$ by any ma/]4 ,!re is a good example ( x 9 ',! ,ev5+ ,s*ool1' 9 ! ,am/]dam ,gall]y4 ,pet] de ,hoo*--spelt (t51 ,de ,hooge--0 ! g5re pa9t] ( full1 cle> sunlight4 ,! dates ( 8 bir? & dea? c only be guess$ by ^? ( 8 pictures1 :i* ext5d f #afef to #afgj4 ,8 gr\ps are g5]ally play+ c>ds1 smok+1 dr9k+1 or engag$ 9 dome/ic occupations--almo/ always 9 ! op5 air4 ,no o!r g5re pa9t] c comp>e ) him 9 reproduc+ ! effects ( sunlight4 ,8 prevail+ col\r is r$1 v>i$ & repeat$ ) great delicacy4 ,engli% lov]s ( art br\ght ,de ,hoo* into fav\r1 & _m ( 8 pictures are 9 ,engl&4 ,!re are f9e examples--',! ,c\rt ( a ,dut* ,h\se' & ',a ,c\rty>d'--9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,adrian van ,o/ade 0 born at ,ha>lem 9 #afaj & di$ 9 8 native t[n 9 #afhe4 ,he has be5 call$ '! ,rembr&t ( g5re pa9t]s1' &1 l ,rembr&t1 he 0 )\t ! s5se ( human beauty & grace1 = ev5 8 *ildr5 are ugly2 yet x is ! pur]1 happi] side ( national life :i* he con/antly repres5ts1 & he _h great feel+ = nature1 ) picturesqu5ess & h>mony ( design & col\r+1 z well z ma/]y ( ! te*nique ( 8 art4 ,he suff]$ _m h>d%ips 9 8 y\?1 & grew up a quiet1 indu/ri\s1 family man4 ,he left a v l>ge numb] ( pictures1 ne>ly f\r hundr$1 _m ( !m good1 & n a few 9 ,engl&4 ',! ,al*emi/'#ec is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,maas1 born 9 #afcb1 di$ 9 #afic1 is a mu*-priz$ g5re pa9t]1 ^: pictures are r>e4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,rembr&t4 ,he is said to h treat$ 'v simple subjects ) naive homel9ess & k9dly hum\r4' ,8 pictures are 'well lit1 ) deep w>m h>mony1 & a vigor\s t\*4' ',! ,idle ,s]vant-maid1' 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 is a ma/]piece4 ,metzu1 l ,t]burg1 is p> excell5ce "o ( ! two pa9t]s ( ,dut* high life4 ,metzu 0 born 9 #afae1 & is kn[n to h be5 alive 9 #affg4 ,he pa9t$ bo? on a l>ge & a small scale1 & occasionally dep>t$ f 8 peculi> prov9ce to repres5t m>ket-sc5es1 etc4 ,he is ! mo/ ref9$ & picturesque ( g5re pa9t]s on a small scale4 ,among 8 *efs d'oeuvre are a ',lady hold+ a ,glass ( ,w9e & receiv+ an ,(fic]1' 9 ! ,l\vre2 & a ',girl writ+1 a ,g5tleman lean+ on h] *air & ano!r girl opposite play+ ! ,lute1' 9 ! ,hague ,gall]y4 ,! f9e ',duet1' & ! ',music ,lesson' are bo? 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,g]>d ,t]burg 0 born at ,zwol1 9 #afjh1 & di$ 9 #afha4 ,he visit$ ,g]many & ,italy 9 8 y\?4 ,8 small gr\ps & s+le figures1 tak5 f ! weal?i] classes1 ) _! luxuri\s surr\nd+s1 are 'giv5 ) exquisite delicacy & ref9em5t4' ,includ$ 9 8 ma/]pieces are a ',girl 9 :ite sat9 7a texture :i* he r5d]$ m>vell\sly7 wa%+ h] h&s 9 a bas9 held be=e h] by a maid-s]vant1' 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y2 an ',(fic] 9 confid5tial talk ) a ,"y ,girl1 & a ,trumpet] :o has br\ght him a ,lett]1' 9 ! ,hague ,gall]y2 a ',"y ,lady 9 :ite sat9 sitt+ play+ ! ,lute1' 9 ! ,*ateau ( ,wilhelm%oee1 at ,cassell4 ,!re are tw5ty-?ree ,t]burgs 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,casp> ,net*]1 born 9 #afci1 di$ 9 #afhd4 ,he =m$ himself ^u ,metzu & ,t]burg4 ,he is ! great ,dut* pa9t] ( *ildhood4 ,8 f9e/ works are 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y is 8 ',*ildr5 bl[+ ,bubbles4' ,f]d9& ,bol 0 born at ,dordre*t 9 #afaa1 & di$ at ,am/]dam 9 #afhj4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( ,rembr&t's1 & di/+ui%$ himself 9 sacr$ & hi/orical pictures1 & especially 9 portraits4 ,he foll[$ 8 ma/] 9 8 y\?1 fell (f 9 8 art 9 middle life1 b became aga9 excell5t 9 8 lat] ye>s4 ,among 8 f9e pictures are ',david's ,*>ge to ,solomon1' 9 ! ,dubl9 ,national ,gall]y2 & ',joseph pres5t+ 8 fa!r ,jacob to ,ph>aoh1' 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,8 la/ portraits are consid]$ v f9e4 ,!y are tak5 9 ! fulle/ light1 & h a surpris+ am\nt ( animation4 ,su* a portrait1 call$ ',! ,a/ronom]1' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4#ed ,jacob ,ruysdael 0 born 9 #afbe787 at ,ha>lem4 ,9 #affh he 0 9 ,am/]dam1 & act$ z witness to ! m>riage ( ,hobbema1 ^: lack ( worldly prosp]ity ,ruysdael %>$4 ,he himself 0 unm>ri$1 & ma9ta9$ 8 fa!r 9 8 old age4 ,9 ! prime ( life ,jacob ,ruysdael 9 turn fell into extreme pov]ty1 & di$ an inmate ( ! ,ha>lem ,alm%\se 9 #afhb--;a sad record ( ,holl&'s greate/ l&scape pa9t]1 = 'beyond dispute' ,ruysdael is ! fir/ ( ! fam\s ,dut* l&scape pa9t]s4 ',9 no o!r is !re ! feel+ = ! poetry ( ,nor!rn nature unit$ ) p]fect execution1 admirable draw+1 great k ( *i>oscuro1 p[]ful col\r+1 & a ma/]y ( ! bru% :i* rang$ f ! m9ute/ t\* to broad1 free execution4' ,8 prevail+ tone ( col\r is a full1 decid$ gre51 ?\gh age has giv5 _m ( 8 pictures a br[n tone4 ,a consid]able numb] ( 8 pictures are 9 a greyi%1 cle>1 cool tone 7good examples ( ! la/ are to be se5 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y74 ,he g5]ally pa9t$ ! flat ,dut* c\ntry 9 tranquil repose4 ,he dealt usually 9 heavy cl\d$ skies :i* told ( %[]s pa/ & com+1 & d>k %eets ( wat] ov]%ad[$ by trees1 l5d+ a melan*oly s5tim5t to ! picture4 ,he 0 fond ( wide expanses ( l& & wat]1 fond also ( introduc+ ! spires ( 8 native ,ha>lem1 t\*+ ! horizon l9e4 ,he has left a few sea-pieces1 always ) cl\dy heav5s & heav+ or rag+ seas2#ee :]e he has giv5 sket*es ( sea1 & %ore1 ! a]ial p]spective is r5d]$ 9 t5d] gradations 'full ( pa?os4' ,he has o!r pictures repres5t+ hilly1 ev5 m\nta9\s1 l&scapes4 ,9 ^! foam+ wat]falls =m a prom95t feature4 ,ruysdael 0 weak 9 8 draw+ ( m5 & animals1 9 :i* he 0 occasionally assi/$ by fell[-arti/s1 su* z ,b]*em & ,van de ,velde4 ,among 8 f9e/ pictures are ',a ,view ( ! ,c\ntry r\nd ,ha>lem1' 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,hague2 ',a flat c\ntry1 ) a road lead+ to a village & fields ) :eat %eaves1' 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y2 ',a hilly b>e c\ntry ?r\gh :i* a riv] runs2 ! horseman & begg> on a bridge1 by ,w\v]mans1' 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,8 mo/ rem>kable wat]fall is 9 ! ,hague ,museum4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y !re is ',a ,jewi% ,cemet]y1' 'full ( melan*oly4' ,?ree ( ,ruysdael's f9e wat]falls are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,( two v gr& /orms :i* he pa9t$ "o is 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! o!r 9 ! collection ( ! ,m>quis ( ,lansd[ne at ,b[ood4 ,!re are _m ( ,ruysdael's pictures 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! great l&scape pa9t]1 z 9 ! o!r r5[n$ ,dut* arti/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! influ5ce ( ,rembr&t is m>k$4 ,me9d]t ,hobbema 0 born 9 #afch1 m>ri$ 9 #afch1 & di$ 9 pov]ty at ,am/]dam 9 #agji4 ,8 works1 :i* 7 neglect$ 9 8 lifetime1 n[ fet* mu* m ?an _! weight 9 gold4 ,sums z l>ge z f\r ?\s& p\nds h be5 paid m ?an once = a ,hobbema1 yet 8 "n 0 n f\nd 9 any diction>y ( art or arti/s = m ?an a c5tury aft] 8 dea?4 ,! ,engli% 7 ! fir/ to ackn[l$ge ,hobbema's m]it1 & n9e-t5?s ( 8 works are 9 ,engl&1 :]e he is ! mo/ popul> ,dut* l&scape pa9t]4 ,b he is said by judges to h less inv5tion & less poetic s5sibility ?an 8 contempor>y & fri5d ,ruysdael4 ,hobbema's subjects are usually villages surr\nd$ by trees l ^? 9 ,gueld]l&1 wat]-mills1 a slightly brok5 c\ntry1 ) gr\ps ( trees1 :eatfields1 mead[s1 & small pools1 m r>ely portions ( t[ns1 & /ill m seldom old ca/les & /ately mansions4#ef ,he has all ! lifelike tru?fulness ( ! ,dut* arti/s4 ,9 tone he is z w>m & gold5 z ,ruysdael is cool 9 8 gre5s4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y !re are excell5t specim5s ( ,hobbema1 su* z ',! ,av5ue ,middelh>nis' & ',a ,l&scape 9 ,%[]y ,wea!r4' ,nicolas ,b]*em1 (t5 spelt ,b]ghem1 0 born at ,ha>lem 9 #afbj1 & di$ at ,am/]dam 9 #afhc4 ,he 0 an excell5t ,dut* l&scape pa9t]4 ,he _h evid5tly visit$ ,italy1 & display$ great fondness = ,italian subjects4 ,8 pictures %[ 'v>i$ composition1 good draw+1 f9e a]ial effects1 fre$om1 playfulness1 & _s4' ,z a col\ri/ he 0 unequal1 be+ (t5 w>m & h>moni\s1 b at o!r times heavy & cold4 ,x is cle> t he 0 no /ud5t ( life1 f ! monotony ( 8 %eph]ds & %eph]desses & ! sam5ess ( 8 animals4 ,he 0 naturally indu/ri\s1 & 0 spurr$ on1 z a /ill great] arti/ is said to h be51 by ! gre$ ( 8 wife4 ,he pa9t$ upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ pictures1 besides do+ figures & animals = o!r pa9t]s4 ,! great nor!rn ,european gall]ies are ri* 9 8 works4 ,"o ( 8 be/ pictures1 ',a ,%eph]dess driv+ h] cattle ?r\gh a =d 9 a rocky l&scape1' :]e ! cool tone ( ! l&scape is contra/$ ) ! gold5 tone ( ! cattle1 is 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,ano!r f9e picture1 ',cross+ ! ,=d1' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,jan ,bo?1 born 9 #afaj 7871 di$ 9 #afej 7871 0 ano!r ,dut* l&scape pa9t] /ill m spellb\nd by ,italy1#eg :i* he visit$1 & :]e he fell "u ! influ5ce ( ,claude ,lorra9e4 ,bo? devot$ himself !nce=? to ,italian l&scape to a great] degree ?an 0 practis$ by any o!r ,dut* pa9t]4 ,he 0 excell5t 9 draw+ & skilful 9 r5d]+ ! gold5 glories ( ,italian sunsets4 ,he pa9t$ freely & ) solidity4 ,! figures ( m5 & animals 9 8 pictures 7 (t5 introduc$ by 8 bro!r ,&reas4 ,jan ,bo? excell$ bo? 9 l>ge & small pictures1 b he 0 mo/ un9t]e/+ly uni=m 9 design4 ,he _h g5]ally a =egr\nd ( l(ty trees1 & = a backgr\nd a range ( m\nta9s ris+ /ep by /ep1 ) a wide pla9 at _! feet4 ,sometimes he introduc$ a wat]fall or a lake4 ,he r>ely pa9t$ p>ticul> po9ts 9 a l&scape4 ,8 life 0 n a long "o1 s t 8 pictures d n numb] m ?an a hundr$ & fifty4 ,occasionally 8 w>m tone ( col\r+ deg5]ates to a foxy r$4 ,"o ( ,bo?'s be/ pictures--a l&scape 9 :i* ! fre% light ( morn+ is app>5t--is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,k>il du ,j>d91 born 9 #afbe1 di$ 9 #afgh1 is a ?ird great ,dut* l&scape pa9t]1 ^: fancy ,italy laid hold (1 s t he settl$ 9 ! c\ntry1 dy+ at ,v5ice4 ,he 01 x is said1 a pupil ( ,b]*em's1 f :om he may h fir/ drawn 8 ,italian proclivities4 ,he has m tru? & feel+ = animat$ nature ?an ,b]*em4 ,inde$1 9 ?is respect ,du ,j>d9 foll[$ ,paul ,pott]4 ,accord+ to contempor>y acc\nts1 ,du ,j>d91 :o _h 8 %>e ( ! national hum\r1 wa/$ 8 "t 9 ! pursuit ( pleasure1 & did n leave m pictures beh9d him ?an ,bo? left4 ,du ,j>d9's be/ works are 9 ! ,l\vre1 b !re are also _m ( 8 pictures 9 ,engl&4 ,among 8 ma/]pieces1 ',cattle ( all k9ds 9 a mead[ surr\nd$ by rocks1 & wat]$ by a cascade2 a horseman giv+ alms to a peasant boy2' & 8 celebrat$ ',*>latan1' full ( obs]vation & hum\r1 are 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,a f9e picture1 ',figures ( ,animals "u ! %ade ( a ,tree1' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,adrian ,van de ,velde1 born 9 #afci1 di$ 9 #afgb1 ! y\ng] bro!r ( a great m>9e pa9t]1 ranks almo/ z high z ,paul ,pott] 9 cattle pa9t+4 ,if 'inf]ior 9 modell+ & solidity' to 8 rival1 ,adrian ,van de ,velde is sup]ior 9 v>iety1 ta/e1 & feel+4 ,l ! great ,engli% animal pa9t]1 ,l&se]1 ,van de ,velde 0 a di/+ui%$ arti/ :5 a m]e boy ( f\rte54 ,l 8 compatriot1 ,paul ,pott]1 ,van de ,velde di$ "y1 at ! age ( ?irty-two4 ,he g5]ally dispos$ ( 8 cattle among brok5 gr\nd ) trees & pools ( wat]4 ,sometimes he has a h]dsman or a %eph]dess1 sometimes !re is a hunt+ p>ty pass+4 ,8 sc5]y is reckon$ ma/]ly4 ,x is mo/ly tak5 f ! coa/ ( ,s*ev5+54 ,he (t5 pa9t$ 9 m51 horses1 & dogs = o!r pa9t]s4 ,he mu/ h be5 v indu/ri\s1 ) great facility 9 8 "w1 s9ce1 9 spite ( 8 premature dea?1 he _h pa9t$ ne>ly two hundr$ pictures4 ',a br[n c[ graz+ & a grey c[ re/+1' :i* is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 0 done at ! age ( sixte51 yet x is full ( obs]vation1 delicacy1 & execution4 ',cattle graz+ be=e a peasant's cottage1' :i* is 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 is consid]$ v f9e4 ,a f9e ',w9t] ,l&scape1' & a ',f>m ,cottage1' are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,"s ( ,adrian ,van de ,velde's be/ "w1 z well z 8 bro!r's1 is 9 ,engl&4 ,jan ,van d] ,heyd51 '! ,g]>d ,d[ ( ar*itectural pa9t]s1' 0 born 9 #afcg & di$ 9 #agab4 ,he comb9$ an unspeakable m9ut5ess ( detail ) ! close/ obs]vation ( nature4 ,8 subjects1 :i* he select$ ) great ta/e1 7 *iefly well-kn[n build+s1 palaces1 *ur*es1 & canal banks 9 ,holl& & ,belgium4 ,he pa9t$ 9 a w>m transp>5t tone1 ) close application ( ! laws ( p]spective4 ,! figures 9 8 pictures1 9 excell5t keep+1 7 (t5 introduc$ by ,adrian ,van de ,velde4 ,van d] ,heyd5's productiv5ess z a pa9t] 0 less5$ by ! circum/ance t 8 me*anical tal5t l$ him to make an inv5tion by :i* ! con/ruction ( ! fire-eng9es ( 8 day 0 greatly improv$4 ,9 consequ5ce he 0 plac$ by ! magi/rates ( ,am/]dam at ! head ( _! fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t1 :i* _h ?us _m claims on 8 "t4 ,a beautiful ',/reet 9 ,cologne' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,emanuel ,de ,witte1 born 9 #afjg1 di$ 9 #afib1 0 great 9 ar*itectural int]iors1 especially 9 *ur*es ( ,italian ar*itecture4 ,he /ood to ?is bran* ( ,dut* art 9 ! same relation t ,ruysdael did to l&scape & ,william ,van de ,velde to seascape4 ,a>t ,van d] ,ne] 0 born 9 #afai7871 di$ 9 #afhc4 ,he is fam\s = 8 canal banks by moonlight1 & f9e disposal ( broad masses ( %ad[4 ,aft] 8 moonlights come 8 sunsets1 conflagrations1 & w9t] sc5es4 ,he r>ely pa9t$ full daylight4 ,he sometimes pa9t$ on ! same ,van d] ,ne] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,_m ( 8 works are 9 ,engl&4 ,william ,van de ,velde ! y\ng]1 ! eld] bro!r ( ,adrian ,van de ,velde1 ! cattle pa9t]1 0 born at ,am/]dam 9 #afcc1 & di$ at ,gre5wi* 9 #agjg4 ,8 e>ly life 0 sp5t 9 ,holl&4 ,he foll[$ 8 fa!r1 ,william ,van de ,velde1 a pa9t] also1 to ,engl&1 :]e1 "u ! patronage ( ,*>les ,,ii1 & ,james ,,ii41 ,william ! y\ng] pa9t$ ! naval victories ( ! ,engli% ov] ! ,dut*1 j z 9 ,holl& he _h already pa9t$ ! naval victories ( ! ,dut* ov] ! ,engli%4 ,he 0 a great] & m consi/5t arti/ ?an he 0 a patriot4 ,)\t "q he is ! fir/ m>9e pa9t] ( ! ,dut* ,s*ool4 ,he 0 untir+ 9 8 /udy ( nature1 s t 8 p]fect k ( p]spective & ! incomp>able ma/]y ( te*nical qualities :i* he inh]it$ f 8 s*ool1 enabl$ him to r5d] sea & sky "u e aspect4 ,8 vessels '7 drawn ) a k :i* ext5d$ to e rope4' ,he has be5 an exce$+ly popul> pa9t] bo? ) ! ,dut* & ! ,engli%4 ,( upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ pictures left by him _m are 9 ,holl& & /ill m 9 ,engl&1 :]e 9 8 lifetime he 0 l>gely employ$ by ! ,engli% nobility & g5try4 ,william ,van de ,velde has a great picture 9 ! ,am/]dam ,museum1 :]e ! ,engli% flag-%ip1 ! ,pr9cess ,royal1 is repres5t$ z /rik+ h] col\rs to ! ,dut* fleet 9 #afff4 ,9 ! companion picture1 also by ,van de ,velde1 ',f\r ,engli% m5-(-w> br\ght 9 z prizes1' ! pa9t] introduces himself 9 ! small boat f :i* he witness$ ! fight4 ,william ,van de ,velde's triumphs 9 calm seas are se5 especially 9 8 pictures at ! ,hague & 9 ,muni*4 ,"s ( ,van de ,velde's be/ works are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,backhuys5 born 9 #afca1 di$ at ,am/]dam 9 #agjh1 0 ano!r admirable m>9e pa9t]4 ,he did n /udy pa9t+ till he _h foll[$ a trade up to ! age ( eighte5 ye>s2 he !n gave himself ) ard\r to art1 mak+ _m /udies ( skies1 coa/s1 & vessels4 ,he 0 inf]ior to ,william ,van de ,velde 9 8 col\r+1 :i* 0 heavy1 ) a cold effect4 ,b he _h 9 full a ,dut* pa9t]'s tru?fulness1 :ile 8 '/ormy waves & r5t cl\ds' are giv5 ) poetic feel+4 ,he 0 an indu/ri\s & successful man1 pa9t+ ne>ly two hundr$ pictures1 & receiv+ _m commissions f ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 etc4 ,"o ( 8 f9e/ works1 ',a ,view ( ! ,riv] f ! ,l&+-place call$ ! ,mossel/eig]1' is 9 ,am/]dam ,museum4 ,9 ! ,l\vre is ',a view ( ! ,m\? ( ! ,texel1 ) t5 ,m5-(-w> ,sail+ be=e a ,fre% ,w9d4' ',dut* ,%ipp+' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,van de ,capella is ano!r capital m>9e pa9t]1 ?\gh little is kn[n ( him4 ,he 0 a native ( ,am/]dam ab\t #afec4 ,8 fav\rite subject is a quiet sea 9 sunny wea!r4 ,8 "w be>s "s resemblance to t ( ,cuyp4 ,8 be/ pictures are 9 ,engl&4 ',a ,calm at ,l[ ,wat]' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,mel*ior de ,hondecoet]1 born 9 #afcf1 di$ 9 #afie1 *ose ! fea!r$ tribe = 8 subjects4 ,he has be5 call$ '! ,raphael ( bird pa9t]s4' ,he pa9t$ especially p\ltry1 peacocks1 turkeys1 & pigeons1 :i* he usually repres5t$ alive1 & treat$ ) great tru?fulness & picturesque feel+4 ,among 8 be/ pictures are ',! ,float+ ,fea!r1' a fea!r giv5 ) s+ul> lightness drift+ 9 a pool1 ) diff]5t birds on ! wat] & ! %ore--a pelican prom95t--9 ,am/]dam ,museum1 & ',a ,h5 def5d+ h] ,*ick5s aga9/ ! attacks ( a ,pea-h51 ) a ,peacock1 a ,pigeon1 a ,cass[>y1 & a ,crane1' also 9 ,am/]dam4 ,jan ,we5ix1 born 9 #afdd1 di$ 9 #agai4 ,he 0 a pa9t] ( '/ill life1' & 0 especially fam\s = 8 dead h>es1 ':i* 9 =m & col\r1 d[n to ! r5d]+ ( e hair1 are m>vels ( execution4' ,he pa9t$ sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 a liv+ dog 9 8 pieces4 ,a f9e ,we5ix sometimes pa9t$ fl[] pieces4#eh ,pat] ,seg]s1 s call$ because he 0 a ,fa!r 9 a ,jesuit conv5t1 :i* he ent]$ at tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 born 9 #aeij1 & di$ 9 ! ,jesuit conv5t1 ,antw]p1 #affa4 ,he 0 a fam\s fl[] pa9t]1 b did n pa9t fl[]s by !mselves2 he pa9t$ !m 9 conjunction ) ! hi/orical & sacr$ subjects ( o!r pa9t]s4 ,he add$ _m a wrea? to ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,he work$ 9 ?is fa%ion ) ,rub5s1 b pa9t$ m frequ5tly along ) pa9t]s ( a l[] rank 9 art4 ,pat] ,seg]s' fl[]s are f9ely drawn & ta/efully arrang$4 ,! r$ ( 8 roses has rema9$ un*ang$ by ye>s1 :ile ! roses ( o!r pa9t]s h become violet or fad$ altoge!r4 ,he _h endless royal commissions4 ,!re are six ( 8 pictures ( mu* m]it 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,besides ! eld] & y\ng] ,de ,heem & ,m>ia ,von ,oe/]wyck m5tion$ at page #beh1 ,jan ,van ,huysum1 #afhb-agdi1 0 great 9 fl[] pa9t+1 *oos+ fl[]s r ?an fruit = 8 bru%4 ,if ,de ,heem has be5 call$ ! ,titian1 ,van ,huysum has be5 def9$ z ! ,correggio1 ( fl[]s & fruit4 ,he rev]s$ ! ord9>y c\rse ( arti/s by beg9n+ 9 a broad /yle1 & progress+ into an execution ( ! f9e/ details4 ,9 ma/]ly draw+ & tru?fulness he 0 n inf]ior to ,de ,heem1 ?\gh h>dly reckon$ 8 equal 9 o!r respects4 ,ev5 9 ,van ,huysum's lifetime !re 0 an eag] dem& = 8 pictures1 ( :i* he left m ?an a hundr$4 ,!re is an excell5t fruit & fl[] piece by him 9 ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 & a ma/]piece1 ',a ,vase ) ,fl[]s1' is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,&rian ,van d] ,w]ff 0 born 9 #afei1 & di$ 9 #agbb4 ,he is hon\rably di/+ui%$ = 8 pursuit ( ! ideal1 9 :i* he /ood alone among ! ,dut* arti/s ( 8 day4 ,he %[$ mu* s5se ( beauty & elegance ( =m ) great f9i%1 b he _h m ?an c\nt]balanc+ faults4 ,8 gr\p+ 0 artificial1 8 heads monoton\s1 8 col\r+ 'cold & heavy1' ) 'a fro/y feel+' 9 8 pictures4 ,8 fle% t9ts resembl$ ivory1 yet 8 elegance 0 s highly priz$ t he _h _m royal & noble patrons1 = :om he execut$ sculptural & my?ological pieces4 ,_m ( 8 pictures are 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y4 ,anton ,raphael ,m5gs 0 born 9 ,bohemia #agbh1 & di$ 9 ,rome #aggd4 ,8 fa!r 0 a di/+ui%$ m9iature pa9t]1 & gave 8 son a c>eful education1 tra9+ him to copy ! ma/]pieces ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael f 8 twelf? ye>4 ,un=tunately he rema9$ a copyi/ & an eclectic4 ,he drew well1 le>nt *i>oscuro f /udy+ ,correggio1 & col\r+ f analys+ ,titian4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! be/ te*nical processes 9 oil & fresco4 ,all t tea*+ c\ld d = a man 0 done1 & to a great ext5t 9 va94 ,= ?\gh he work$ ) great consci5ti\sness1 fancy & feel+ 7 ei!r orig9ally lack+1 or !y 7 ov]laid & /ifl$ by 8 excess ( culture & sev]e education4 ,! mo/ successful ( 8 works are portraits1 9 :i* ma/]ly treatm5t makes up to "s ext5t = ! abs5ce ( orig9ality & subtle sympa?y4 ,b 9 8 day1 & ) "s reason1 ,raphael ,m5gs 0 greatly priz$1 s9ce he figur$ among a ho/ ( ignorant1 c>eless1 & conceit$ pa9t]s4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he 0 appo9t$ c\rt pa9t] to ,k+ ,augu/us ( ,saxony4 ,he 0 summon$ to ,spa9 by ,*>les ,,iii41 :o gave him a high sal>y4 ,among 8 good works is an ',assumption' on ! high alt> ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,dresd54 ,an allegorical subject 9 fresco on ! ceil+ ( ! ,cam]a de ,pap9i 9 ! ,vatican has 'beauty ( =m1 delicate obs]vation1 & ma/]ly modell+4' ,m5gs wrote well on art1 ?\gh 9 8 writ+ also 8 eclecticism comes out4 ,,note ,,to ,,page #if4 ',i h be5 told t ,i h n done ju/ice to ,lion>do 9 ?is %ort sket*4 ,i give 9 an abridg$ =m ! accurate appreciative analysis ( ! man & 8 "w 9 ,sir ,c1 & ,lady ,ea/lake4'--,,kugl]4 ,x is /at$ t ! v]satility ( ,lion>do 0 aga9/ him4 ,he attempt$ too mu* = "o man & "o life4 ,an additional imp$im5t 0 produc$ by 8 temp]am5t1 'dreamy1 p]fidi\s1 procra/9at+1' )al desir\s ( %9+ 9 society4 ,8 ideal ( ! ,"l's head is ! highe/ t art has realis$4 ,! apo/les' heads are among ! true/ & noble/4 ,! c\nt5ances ( 8 ,madonnas are full ( ineffable sweetness & pa?os4 ',at ! same "t he analys$ ! mon/r\s & mis%ap51 & has left u c>icatures 9 :i* he seems to h gloat$ ov] hide\sness half human1 half brute4 ,he alt]$ & ret\*$ )\t ceas+1 always def]r+ ! conclusion ( ! task :i* he execut$ ) untir+ lab\r & ceaseless dissatisfaction4' ,! wond] is n t he %\ld h left s little1 b t he left en\gh to prove ! transc5d5t nature ( 8 art4 ',!re is no?+ /rang] 9 hi/ory ?an ! fact t 8 great fame re/s on "o s+le picture--long r$uc$ to a %ad[--on half-a-doz5 pictures = :i* 8 h& is alt]nately claim$ & d5i$1 & on unf9i%$ fragm5ts :i* he himself condemn$4' ,lion>do 0 too univ]sal to be ( any s*ool4 ,,index4 ,,page ,alb9o #chg ,angelico1 ,fra #cf ,anguisciola #chh ,backhuys5 #dae ,b>occio #che ,b>tolommeo1 ,fra #gg ,bell9i1 ,! #ed ,b]*em #djg ,bol #djb ,bordone #cic ,bo? #dah ,botticelli #cfi ,canaletto #ceh ,capella1 ,van de #daf ,c>avaggio #che ,c>paccio #cge ,c>racci1 ,! #bab ,cell9i #fi ,claude ,lora9e #bif ,correggio #ahe ,crivelli #cge ,cuyp #bee ,dom5i*9o #bbj ,d[ #cih ,du ,j>d9 #daj ,du]] #afi ,eycks1 ,! ,van #da ,filippo1 ,fra #cfe ,fontana #chi ,francia1 ,il #gc ,gaddi #cgd ,g>(alo #cgg ,ghib]ti #ca ,ghirl&ajo #fi ,gibbons1 ,gr9l+ #cei ,giorgione #aha ,giotto #h ,gozzoli #cff ,greuze #cjg ,gu]c9o #chf ,guido #bah ,heem1 ,de #beh ,hel/1 ,van d] #djc ,heyd51 ,van d] #dab ,hobbema #djf ,holbe9 #cji ,hondecoet] #daf ,hon?or/ #cie ,hoo* #cii ,huysum1 ,van #dah ,knell] #cei ,le ,brun #cjc ,lely #cee ,leyd51 ,van #cic ,lion>do da ,v9ci #hc ,lipi #cgf ,lu9i #cgh ,maas #dja ,mabuse #dh ,mantegna #fd ,masaccio #cd ,matsys #ej ,meml+ #dh ,m5gs #dbj ,mess9a1 ,da #cgg ,metzu #bei1 #dja ,mi*ael ,angelo #if ,murillo #bhj ,net*] #djb ,orcagna #bd ,o/ade1 ,van #djj ,palma #cgi ,p>d5one #chj ,p>migian9o #chd ,p]ug9o #cgc ,pisano #bc ,pott] #beg ,p\ss9 #bhf ,raphael #abe ,rembr&t #bde ,romano #chb ,rub5s #bbe ,ruysdael #djc ,salvator ,rosa #bbb ,s>to1 ,del #ha ,sassa errato #chg ,seg]s #dah ,signorelli #cfg ,snyd]s #cid ,som]1 ,van #cid ,spagna #cha ,spagnoletto #chf ,/e5 #cif ,t5i]s1 ,fa!r & ,son #bea ,t]burg #bei1 #djb ,t9toretto #aid ,titian #aeg ,van ,dyck #ccc ,vas>i #chh ,velasquez #cfj ,velde1 ,van de #daa ,velde1 ,van de1 ,! ,y\ng] #dad ,v]onese #bje ,watteau #cje ,w\v]mans #bec ,,footnotes3 #a ,x is 9 _! unconsci\sness & e>ne/ness t a p>allel is drawn betwe5 ! fir/ ,italian pa9t]s & ! ,elizabe!an poets4 ,9 o!r respects ! comp>ison may be rev]s$1 = ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s1 f _! re/riction to religi\s pa9t+1 ) ev5 t treat$ accord+ to tradition1 7 z de/itute ( ! bread? ( scope & fancy atta9$ by _! successors1 z ! ,elizabe!an poets 7 di/+ui%$ by ! exub]ant fre$om :i* fail$ 9 ! m =mal s*ol>s ( ,anne's reign4 #b ,kugl]'s ,h&book ( ,art4 #c ,:ile writ+ ( goldsmi?s t became pa9t]s1 ,i may say a ^w ( a goldsmi? :o1 )\t quitt+ 8 trade1 0 an unrivall$ arti/ 9 8 l9e4 ,i mean ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 #aejj--aega1 a man ( viol5t passions & little pr9ciple1 :o l$ a wild tr\bl$ life1 ( :i* he has left an acc\nt z %ameless z 8 "*1 9 an autobiography4 ,cell9i 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ work] 9 gold & silv] ( 8 day1 & 8 ri*ly *as$ di%es1 goblets1 & salt cell>s1 are /ill 9 great repute4 #d ,kugl]'s ,h&book ( ,pa9t+4 #e ,kugl]'s ,h&book ( ,pa9t+4 #f ,see note1 page #dbb4 #g ,mrs ,roscoe's ,life ( ,vittoria ,colonna #h ,mi*ael ,angelo's w 0 v simple4 ',i bequea? my s\l to ,god1 my body to ! e>?1 & my possessions to my ne>e/ relations4' #i ,lady ,ea/lake1 ,hi/ory ( ,our ,"l4 #aj ,h>e1 ,walks 9 ,rome4 #aa ,lanzi1 9 ,h>e's ,walks 9 ,rome4 #ab ,rio4 ,poetry ( ,*ri/ian ,art1 9 ,h>e's ,walks 9 ,rome4 #ac ,mrs ,jameson4 #ad ,dean ,al=d4 #ae ,imp]ial ,biographical ,diction>y4 #af ,titian's age is v>i\sly giv52 "s au?orities make x n9ety-n9e ye>s1 plac+ ! date ( 8 dea? 9 #aegj or #g4 #ag ,kugl]4 #ah ,! t]m orig9at$ 9 ! ,fr5* expression1 'du g5re bas4' #ai ,he _h a peculi> fondness = blue & bronze hues4 #bj ,x is due to ,t9toret to say1 t !re are mod]n critics1 :o look bel[ ! surface1 & are at ?is date deeply enam\r$ ( 8 pictures4 ,t9toret's "n n[ /&s v high 9 art4 #ba ,mrs ,jameson4 #bb ,guido said ( ,rub5s3 ',does ?is pa9t] mix blood ) 8 col\rs8' #bc ,life ( ,rub5s4 #bd ,if ,i mi/ake n1 ?is is ! same ,c\ntess ( ,arundel :o1 9 h] wid[hood1 resid$ 9 ,italy 9 ord] to be ne> h] "y sons !n at ,padua4 ,hav+ provok$ ! suspicion ( ! ,doge & ,c\ncil ( ,v5ice1 %e 0 arre/$ by !m on a *>ge ( treason1 & br\ght be=e ! tribunal1 :]e %e successfully pl$ h] own cause1 & obta9$ h] release1 ! only woman :o ev] brav$ triumphantly ! t]rible 't54' #be ,"h is ! description ( a v diff]5t ,rembr&t :i* appe>s 9 ?is ye>'s ,exhibition ( ! ,works by ,old ,ma/]s3 ',!re is no portrait "h :i* equals ,rembr&t's picture1 f ,w9dsor1 ,a ,lady ,op5+ a ,casem5t2 a n p>ticul>ly appropriate "n1 because ! picture repres5ts no su* action4 ,! lady is simply look+ f an op5 w9d[1 h] left h& rais$ & re/+ at ! side ( ! op5+4 ,we believe !re is no?+ left to tell :o ?is lady 01 ) ! grave1 sad eyes1 & lips t seem to quiv] ) a tr\ble h>dly yet assuag$ coll>1 almo/ a tippet1 = x falls bel[ h] %\ld]s1 toge!r ) lace cuffs4 ,a triple b& ( l>ge pe>ls goes ab\t h] neck1 & %e has simil> ornam5ts r\nd ea* wri/4 ,%e we>s a m\rn+ robe & black jewell]y4444 ,?is picture1 :i* resembles 9 mo/ ( its qualities a pair1 ( some:at l>g] size1 :i* 7 "h la/ ye>1 & also came f ! ,royal collection1 is sign$ & dat$ ,rembr&t1 ,f4 #afga4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a late "w ( 84 ,:at wond]ful h>mony is "h1 ( light1 ( col\r1 ( tone4 ,h[ ne>ly p]fect is ! keep+ ( ! :ole picture2 z a :ole1 & also 9 respect ( "p to "p4 ,c\ld any?+ be tru] ?an ! bread? ( ! *i>oscuro8 ,notice h[ beautifully1 & ) :at subtle gradations1 ! light reflect$ f h] :ite coll> /rikes on h] slightly fad$ *eek2 h[ t5d]ly x seems to play among ! s(t tangles ( ! hair t "t has ?9n$4'--,a!naeum4 #bf ,he _h be5 call$ ! ,titian ( fl[] & fruit pa9t]s4 ,he pref]r$ fruit = 8 subject4 ,8 works are n common 9 ,engl&4 ,8 ma/]piece1 ',! ,*alice ( ! ,sacram5t1' cr[n$ ) a /ately wrea?1 & %eaves ( corn & bun*es ( grapes among ! fl[]s1 is at ,vi5na4 #bg ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell4 #bh ,sir ,w4 ,/irl+ ,maxwell4 #bi ,h>e1 ,w&]+s 9 ,spa94 #cj ,h>e's ,w&]+s 9 ,spa94 #ca ,! spell+ is an ,engli% corruption ( ! ,fr5* ,claude4 #cb ,p\ss9 _h a villa ne> ,ponte ,molle1 & ! road by :i* he us$ to g to x is /ill call$ 9 ,rome ',p\ss9's walk4' #cc ,claude's summ] villa is /ill po9t$ out ne> ,rome4 #cd ,imp]ial ,biographical ,diction>y4 #ce ,madame ,le ,brun1 ^: maid5 "n 0 ,vigee1 born #agee1 di$ #ahdb1 0 an excell5t portrait pa9t]4 #cf ,wornum4 #cg ,wornum4 #ch ,suppos$ to be a niece ( ,sir ,?omas ,m's4 #ci ,rev4 ,j4 ,lewis1 #agca4 #dj ,wornum4 #da ,a /ill m fam\s picture by ,holbe9 is t call$ ',! ,two ,ambassadors1' & believ$ to repres5t ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt & 8 secret>y4 #db ,walpole4 #dc ,walpole4 #dd ,dw>fs figur$ at ,*>les's c\rt1 z at ! c\rt ( ,philip ,,iv4 ( ,spa94 #de ,! notion t ,van ,dyck sacrific$ tru? to grace is absolutely contradict$ by c]ta9 critics1 :o br+ =w>d z a pro( ( _! contradiction :at !y consid] ! 'ov]-true' picture ( ! ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 %[n at ! la/ exhibition ( ! works ( ,old ,ma/]s4 ,! picture seems h>dly to w>rant ! /rong op9ion ( ! critics4 #df ,walpole4 #dg ,walpole4 #dh ,lady ,ea/lake & ,dr4 ,waag5's works on ,italian1 ,flemi%1 & ,dut* ,art1 modell$ on ,kugl]4 #di ,a lunette is a small picture1 g5]ally semicircul>1 surm\nt+ ! ma9 picture 9 an alt>-piece4 #ej ,! ,dut* /ill m ?an ! ,italian arti/s belong$ l>gely to families ( arti/s be>+ ! same surnames4 #ea ,a picture ) "o door ( two panels is call$ a dipty*1 ) two doors ( ?ree panels a tripty*1 ) _m doors & panels a polypty*4 #eb ,fairholt's ',homes & ,haunts ( ,=eign ,arti/s4' #ec ,al*emi/s1 l h]mits1 /ill exi/$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 #ed ,b>?olomew ,van d] ,hel/1 #afac-afgj1 0 ano!r great ,dut* portrait pa9t]4 ,8 portrait pieces ) _m figures are fam\s4 ,an ',ar*]y ,fe/ival1' commemorat+ ! ,peace ( ,we/phalia1 includes tw5ty-f\r figures full ( individuality & f9ely drawn & col\r$4 ,"o ( 8 be/ works is ',9 ! ,workh\se1' at ,am/]dam4 ,two wom5 & two m5 are conv]s+ toge!r 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,!re is a man ) a book1 & a prea*] deliv]+ a s]mon 9 ! backgr\nd4 #ee ,x may be t ,ruysdael's /raggl+ life 0 reflect$ 9 8 l[]+ skies & /ormy seas4 #ef ,o!r em95t pa9t]s1 su* z ,van de ,velde1 ,w\v]mans1 & ,b]*em (t5 suppli$ cattle & figures to ,hobbema's l&scapes4 #eg ,0 ! app>5tly great] success ( ^! p>tly d5aturalis$ ,dut* l&scape pa9t]s1 z contra/$ ) ! adv]sity ( ,ruysdael & ,hobbema1 due to ! classic mania8 #eh ,pet] ,gysels 0 ano!r pa9t] ( '/ill life4' ,8 butt]flies are said to h be5 r5d]$ ) 'exquisite f9i%4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,isbi/]s' ,,prize ,,& ,,gift ,,books ,,= ,,"y ,,read]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,*>m+ prize books4 ,if any?+ c make ! *ildr5 ( ! pres5t day take k9dly to useful in=mation1 x w be su* books z ^!1 full ( excell5t illu/rations1 & 9 easy z well z int]e/+ language4--,,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,volumes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,animal ,,/ories ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 ,9 ,?ree h&some little ,volumes full ( ,illu/rations4' #a4 ,,heads ,,)\t ,,h&s2 ,or1 ,/ories ( ,animal ,wisdom4 #b4 ,,he>ts ,,)\t ,,h&s2 ,or1 ,f9e ,feel+ among ,brutes2 #c4 ,,s5se ,,)\t ,,spee*2 ,or1 ,animal ,notions ( ,"r & ,wrong4 ,,m\-,,setse4 ,a ,negro ,h]o4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,small #hvo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,half-,,cr[n ,,volumes4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? extra4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,among ,,! ,,butt]flies4 ,a ,book = ,"y ,collectors4 ,by ,b4,g4 ,,johns1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,twelve ,full-page ,plates1 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,?is is su* a book z %\ld be abundantly giv5 z a prize 9 s*ools4 ,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,,"m ,,h]r+',s ,,*ick54 ,an ,ea/-end ,/ory4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,b>nes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pleas+ little tales :i* 0 ev] writt5 = "y p2 & ev5 = old p4--,newca/le ,*ronicle4 ,a ,,dwell] ,,9 ,,t5ts4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,x surprises u ) a /udy ( human "* ( no ord9>y m]it & int5sity4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,&rew ,,h>vey',s ,,wife4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,! *>act]s are well drawn1 & ! /ory well develop$4--,lit]>y ,_w4 ,decid$ly /rong & well wr\ght out4--,scotsman4 ,,9 ,,prison ,,& ,,out4 ,by ,,hesba ,,/retton4 #aj? ,?\s&4 ,illu/rat$ by ,r4 ,,b>nes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,told ) all ! pa?os & captivat+ int]e/ ( ! au?oress ( ',jessica's ,fir/ ,pray]4'--,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,complete ,,catalogue ,,free ,,by ,,po/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,%ill+ ,,volumes4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? extra1 gilt edges4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?ree ,,little ,,h]oes4 ,,willie ,,h>dy4--,,little ,,ra9b[4--,,jean ,,bapti/e4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,*>les ,,g>nett4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 ,t\*+ & graceful sket*es4--,lit]>y ,_w4 ,drawn f life we %\ld say4444 ,s vivid & natural 9 col\r+4 ,*ur* ,bells4 ,,nobody',s ,,neighb\rs4 ,a ,/ory ( ,gold5 ,lane4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 ,9 e respect entitl$ to a place among ! be/ rew>d books ( ! season4--,s*oolma/]4 ,,k+ ,,fro/4 ,! ,wond]s ( ,sn[ & ,ice4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,?orpe4 ,) ,sev5ty ,illu/rations4 ,exce$+ly able1 & )\t an unattractive page4--,s*ool ,bo>d ,*ronicle4 ,full ( *>m+ little pictures & in/ructive descriptions ( ! ph5om5a :i* att5d ! pres5ce ( ! ,ice ,k+4--,*ri/ian ,_w4 ,,up ,,! ,,nile4 ,a ,boy's ,voyage to ,kh>t\m4 ,by ,h4 ,,major1 ,b4 ,sc4 ,) ,=ty ,illu/rations4 ,mu/ be plac$ among/ ! be/ ( ! books = boys & girls :i* h be5 issu$ ?is season4 ,a v excell5t book4--,nott+ham ,gu>dian4 ,,! ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,h] ,,y\?4 ,a ,/ory = ,girls4 ,by ,s4 ,,d\dney4 ,) ,tw5ty ,illu/rations4 ,! /ory is simple en\gh1 b ,miss ,d\dney h&les x well4--,spectator4 ,s\nd & heal?y 9 tone1 yet n )\t movem5t & v>iety4 ,c>efully illu/rat$ & ta/efully b\nd4--,daily ,news4 ,,we ,,?ree2 ,a ,bit ( ,our ,lives4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,wor? a ,?reep5ny ,bit1 etc4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,%ill+ ,,volumes4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? extra1 gilt edges4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,b& ,,( ,,?ree4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade1 ,au?or ( ,scamp & ,i1 etc4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b>nes4 ,an exquisite little tale4 ,s9ce ! days ( ',little ,meg's ,*ildr5' !re has be5 no sket* approa*+ ! pa?os ( *ild-life 9 ',a ,b& ( ,?ree4'--,*ri/ian ,lead]4 ,full ( pa?os & int]e/4--,gu>dian4 ,,my ,,back-,,y>d ,,zoo4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4,g4 ,,wood1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( ,homes )\t ,h&s1 etc4 ,) ,sev5ty ,illu/rations4 ,a book t w delight "y p4 ,x is well illu/rat$ & ?or\ghly reliable4--,morn+ ,po/4 ,really a complete c\rse ( natural hi/ory4--,times4 ,,f ,,! ,,equator ,,to ,,! ,,pole4 ,,9 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,africa4 ,by ,,joseph ,,?omson4 ,,climb+ ,,! ,,himalayas4 ,by ,w4,w4 ,,graham4 ,,on ,,! ,,road ,,to ,,! ,,pole4 ,by ,capta9 ,a4,h4 ,,m>kham4 ,) ,=ty-five ,illu/rations4 ,a m delightful prize or pres5t = boys ?an ?is x w\ld be h>d to f9d4 ,record4 ,,fai?ful ,,fri5ds4 ,/ories ( ,/ruggle & ,victory4 ,by ,l4,t4 ,,meade & o!rs4 ,) ,tw5ty ,illu/rations by ,fr5*1 ,b>nes1 etc4 ,a c>efully illu/rat$ little book4444 ,) tru? & pa?os4--,daily ,news4 ,capital read+ = "y folks4444 ,all brisk & :olesome4--,scotsman4 ,,h]oes ,,& ,,m>tyrs ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,by ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,ew>t4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 ,x is an admirable book ( its ord]1 full ( ! inspiration ( great lives4 ,s*ool ,bo>d ,*ronicle4 99 99 99 99 99 #ae #af1 ,,tavi/ock ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d51 ,w4,c4