,illu/ration3 ,,recreation ,,is ,,z ,,common ,,among ,,animals ,,z ,,x ,,is ,,among ,,*ildr54 ,,! ,,human ,,side ,,( ,,animals ,,by ,,royal ,,dixon ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,side ,,( ,,plants1 ,,! ,,human ,,side ,,( ,,trees1 ,,! ,,human ,,side ,,( ,,birds1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,two ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,colors ,,& ,,?irty-,,two ,,9 ,,black-,,&-,,:ite ,,new ,,york ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company ,,publi%]s ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company ,all rights res]v$1 includ+ t ( translation into =eign languages ,,made ,,9 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,to ,,m>cellus ,e4 ,,fo/] ,,:o ,,believ$ ,,note ,! au?or wi%es to ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness to 8 fell[-naturali/ & fri5d1 ,mr4 ,franklyn ,ev]ett ,fit*1 = c>efully read+ ! entire manuscript & mak+ _m s*ol>ly & valuable criticisms & corrections4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,,=eword xiii ,i ,,animals ,,t ,,practise ,,cam\flage #a ,,ii ,,animal ,,musicians #ah ,,iii ,,animals ,,at ,,play #cb ,,iv ,,arm\r-,,be>+ ,,& ,,mail-,,clad ,,animals #df ,v ,,m9]s ,,& ,,excavators #fa ,,vi ,,animal ,,ma!maticians #hh ,,vii ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,animals #ii ,,viii ,,9 ,,_! ,,b\doirs1 ,,hospitals ,,& ,,*ur*es #abj ,,ix ,,self-,,def5ce ,,& ,,home-,,gov]nm5t #acj ,x ,,ar*itects1 ,,eng9e]s1 ,,& ,,h\se-,,build]s #aej ,,xi ,,food ,,cons]v]s #agj ,,xii ,,t\ri/s ,,& ,,sight-,,se]s #aha ,,xiii ,,animal ,,scav5g]s ,,& ,,crim9als #aii ,,xiv ,,z ,,! ,,allies ,,( ,,man #baj ,,xv ,,! ,,future ,,life ,,( ,,animals #bcd ,,illu/rations ,recreation is z common among animals z x is among *ildr5 79 ,col\rs7 ,frontispiece ,! ,indians claim t ! "m bison =c$ h] calf to roll (t5 9 a puddle ( r$ clay1 s t x might be indi/+ui%able aga9/ its clay backgr\nd #f ,! zebra is "o ( ! clev]e/ ( cam\flag]s4 ,! black-&-:ite /ripes ( 8 body give ! effect ( sunlight pass+ ?r\gh bu%es #g ,monkeys are ! mo/ musical ( all animals4 ,:5 !y congregate = conc]ts1 z "s ( ! tribes d1 ! air is fill$ ) weird /ra9s ( monkey-music #bj ,cats1 unlike dogs1 are v fond ( music4 ,& x has be5 prov$ t _! music-s5se c be develop$ to a rem>kable degree #ba ,a happy family ( pol> be>s4 ,! "y cubs wre/le & tumble1 z playfully z two puppies4 ,?is play has mu* to d ) _! physical & m5tal developm5t #cd ,dryptosaurus4 ,! prehi/oric animals1 too1 und\bt$ly _h _! play "t1 ) games & sett+ up ex]cises #ce ,! "m opossum is nev] happi] ?an :5 %e has h] little ones play+ hide-&-seek ov] h] back #ch ,?is "y fox came f 8 home 9 ! woods daily to play ) a "y fox-t]ri]4 ,he is n[ re/+ aft] a romp #ci ,naosaurus & ,dimetrodon1 two ext9ct arm\r-be>]s :o %\ld h be5 well able to protect !mselves #ej ,an arm\r-be>] ( prehi/oric times ^: %ield 0 an effective protection aga9/ enemy horns #ea ,to ! pol> be> ! ice & sn[ ( ! ,f> ,nor? means w>m? & protection4 ,! "m be> digs h]self into a sn[bank1 :]e %e lives q com=tably ?r\gh\t ! w9t] #hd ,! %>p claws ( ! gr\nd squirrel are efficaci\s tools 9 digg+ 8 cosy und]gr\nd burr[ #he ,! coyote c readily di/+ui% :e!r a h]d ( %eep is gu>d$ by "o or m dogs1 & w plan 8 attack accord+ly #id ,! zebu1 ! sacr$ bull ( ,india1 9 spite ( its dome/ication1 has an agile body & a quick1 al]t m9d #ie ,roosevelt's ,colobus4 ,^! horse-tail$ monkeys *att] toge!r 9 a language exclusively _! own1 yet !y seem to h no difficulty 9 mak+ !mselves und]/ood by o!r monkey-tribes #aab ,a tam$ de] ( ,texas1 ^: con/ant companion & playmate 0 a rabbit dog4 ,betwe5 ! two1 !re develop$1 necess>ily1 a common language #aac ,wat]-lov+ animals1 l ! beav]s1 seem+ly take great pride 9 _! toilets4 ,_! fur is always sleek & clean #abb ,great =e/ pigs ( ,c5tral ,africa4 ,l ! common dome/icat$ hogs1 !y w seek a clay ba? to heal _! w\nds #abc ,! ,rocky ,m\nta9 goat has _m means ( def5ce1 n ! lea/ ( :i* is 8 agility 9 climb+ to inaccessible places #acd ,wild bo>s are among ! mo/ f]oci\s ( animals4 ,by means ( _! great /r5g? alone !y are well able to def5d !mselves #ace ,brontosaurus4 ,! animals t seem$ be/ equipp$ to def5d !mselves are ! ones t1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 became ext9ct #add ,?is prehi/oric mon/] 0 equipp$ n only ) a pair ( /rong horns b ) a %ield back ( !m z well #ade ,! beav] is ! greate/ ( all animal ar*itects4 ,8 skill is equall$ only by 8 pati5ce 79 ,col\rs7 #aeh ,! skunk "m tries to keep on h& a good supply ( su* delicacies z frogs & toads1 s t h] "y may nev] g hungry #agb ,! porcup9e & ! h$gehog h a unique me?od ( collect+ food = _! "y4 ,aft] %ak+ d[n b]ries or grapes1 !y roll 9 !m1 !n hurry home ) ! food atta*$ to _! quills #agc ,! black be> is n "o ( ! great migrat+ animals4 ,! ?ickness ( 8 coat mu/ !re=e *ange ) ! seasons #ahh ,rabbits seem to h a well-devis$ sy/em 9 _! road-build+1 runn+ _! pa?s 9 & out ( und]bru% 9 a truly +5i\s mann] #ahi ,! mongoose1 a scav5g] ( ! wor/ type1 fe$+ on rats & mice & snakes1 & ev5 p\ltry #bjb ,diplodocus4 ,! prehi/oric animals1 also1 und\bt$ly _h _! scav5g]s & crim9als #bjc ,! ,esquimo-dog is man's greate/ fri5d 9 ! ,f> ,nor? #bah ,*ipmunks are among ! mo/ easily tam$ ( man's wild fri5ds1 & !y ev5 seem fond ( human companion%ip #bai ,m5 cruelly take ! lives ( ^! d5iz5s ( ! wildwood1 rejoic+ 9 _! slaught]1 b ! animal s\l !y _c kill #bdd ,two pals4 ,!re is betwe5 man & dog a k9%ip ( _s t _c be d5i$ #bde ,,=eword ,& 9 ! lion or ! frog-- ,9 all ! life ( moor or f5-- ,9 ass & peacock1 /ork & dog1 ,he read similitudes ( m54 ,m & m sci5ce is be+ taught 9 a new way4 ,m & m m5 are beg9n+ to disc>d ! lumb] ( ! bra9's work%op to get at real facts1 real conclusions4 ,laboratories1 exp]im5ts1 tables1 classifications are all v vital & all v necess>y b sometimes _! net result is only to befog & confuse4 ,occasionally x becomes important = u to ca/ aside all dogmatic re/ra9ts & approa* ! wond]s ( life f a new angle & ) ! untrammell$ _s ( a little *ild4 ,9 ?is book ,i h attempt$ to br+ toge!r _m old & new obs]vations :i* t5d to %[ ! human-l qualities ( animals4 ,! treatm5t is nei!r =mal nor s*ola/ic1 9 fact ,i d n always rema9 )9 ! logical conf9es ( ! title4 ,my sole purpose is to make ! read] self-active1 obs]vative1 free f hide-b\nd prejudice1 & reborn z a p>ticipant 9 ! wond]ful exp]i5ces ( life :i* fill ! univ]se4 ,i hope to lead him into a new wond]l& ( tru?1 beauty & love1 a l& :]e 8 he>t z well z 8 eyes w be op5$4 ,9 attempt+ to und]/& ! animals ,i h us$ a me?od a great deal l t ( ! village boy1 :o :5 que/ion$ z to h[ he locat$ ! /ray horse = :i* a rew>d ( tw5ty doll>s _h be5 (f]$1 repli$1 ,i j ?\ght :at ,i w\ld d if ,i 7 a horse & :]e ,i w\ld g--& !re ,i w5t & f\nd him4 ,9 "s su* way ,i h tri$ to ?9k :y animals d c]ta9 ?+s1 ,i h /udi$ !m 9 _m places & "u all conditions1 & ^? acts ( !irs :i*1 if p]=m$ by *ildr51 w\ld come "u ! head ( wisdom & intellig5ce1 ,i h classifi$ z su*4 ,life is "o ?r\gh\t4 ,! love t fills a "m's he>t :5 %e sees h] fir/-born babe1 is also felt by ! "m be>1 only 9 a diff]5t way1 :5 %e sees h] baby cubs play+ be=e h] humble cave dwell+4 ,! sorr[ t is felt by ! human he>t :5 a belov$ "o dies is exp]i5c$ 9 only a little less degree by an ,african ape :5 8 mate is %ot dead by a ,*ri/ian mission>y4 ,! gr&mo!r %eep t wat*es h] num]\s little lamb gr&*ildr5 on ! hillside1 :ile _! mo!rs are away graz+1 is j z m9dful ( _! c>e z any human gr&p>5t c\ld be4 ,"o drop ( wat] is l ! ocean2 & love is love4 ,! tr\ble ) sci5ce is t too (t5 x leaves out love4 ,if y agree t we _c treat m5 l ma*9es1 :y %\ld we put animals 9 t class8 ,:y %\ld we fall into ! colossal ignorance & conceit ( catalog+ e human-l action ( animals "u ! ^w in/9ct8 ,man delights 9 ?9k+ ( himself z only a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,!n :y %\ld he n consid] ! animals z only a little l[] ?an himself8 ,! poet has truly said t ! bea/ is ! mirror ( man z man is ! mirror ( ,god4 ,man _h to battle ) animals = untold ages be=e he dome/icat$ & made s]vants ( !m4 ,he is j beg9n+ to le>n t !y 7 n creat$ solely to furni% mat]ial = s]mons1 nor to s]ve mank9d1 b t !y also h an exi/5ce1 a life ( _! own4 ,man has long prea*$ ?is doctr9e t he is n an animal1 b a k9sman ( ! gods4 ,= ?is reason1 he has claim$ dom9ion ov] animal creation & a "r to ass]t t dom9ion )\t re/ra9t4 ,?is an?ropoc5tric conceit is ! same ?+ t causes "o nation to ?9k x %\ld rule ! _w1 t ! sun & moon 7 made only = ! laudable purpose ( giv+ light unto a *os5 few1 & t "y lambs play+ on a grassy hillside1 ne> a cool spr+1 are j s mu* mutton all[$ to w&] ov] man's doma9 until its flav\r is improv$4 ,x is "t to remove ! b>ri]s1 once believ$ impassable1 :i* man's egotism has us$ z a scre5 to sep>ate him f 8 l[] bro!rs4 ,our physical bodies are v simil> to !irs except t ours are almo/ always mu* inf]ior4 ,m]ely because we h a sup]ior intellect :i* enables u to rule & enslave ! animals1 %all we d5y !m all intellect & all feel+8 ,9 ! words ( t rem>kable naturali/1 ,william ,j4 ,long1 ,to call a ?+ intellig5ce 9 "o creature & reflex action 9 ano!r1 or to speak ( ! same ?+ z love or k9dness 9 "o & bl9d impulse 9 ! o!r1 is to be bl9d] ourselves ?an ! impulse :i* is suppos$ to gov]n animals4 ,until1 !re=e1 we h "s new *emi/ry t w ignore atoms & ! atomic law1 & "s new psy*ology t ignores animal intellig5ce altoge!r1 or reg>ds x z "u a radically diff]5t law f our own1 we mu/ apply :at we "k ( ourselves & our own motives to ! small] & weak] lives t are 9 "s di/ant way ak9 to our own4 ,x is possible to expla9 away all ! m>vell\s ?+s ! animals d1 b aft] y h f9i%$1 !re w /ill rema9 some?+ ov] & above1 :i* q defies all me*ani/ic int]pretation4 ,an old w> horse1 = in/ance1 lives ov] & ov] 8 battles 9 8 dreams4 ,he neighs & paws1 j z he did 9 real battle2 & cavalrym5 tell u t !y c sometimes und]/& f _! horses :5 !y are dream+ j :at comm& !y are try+ to obey4 ,?is is only "o ( ! myriads ( animal ph5om5a :i* man does n und]/&4 ,if y d\bt x1 try to expla9 ! /rik+ ph5om5a ( lum9esc5ce1 hybridization1 ( eels surviv+ desiccation = f\rte5 ye>s1 po/-matrimonial cannibalism1 ,nature's va/ *a9 ( unities1 ! suicide ( lemm+s1 :y wat] animals _c get wet1 transp>5cy ( animals1 :y ! horn$ toad %oots a /ream ( blood f 8 eye :5 angry4 ,if y are able to expla9 ^! ?+s to humanity1 y w be class$ second only to ,solomon4 ,yet ! av]age sci5ti/ expla9s !m away1 ) ! ignorance & loquaci\sness ( a fi%] hag4 ,by a ?or\gh application ( psy*ological pr9ciples1 x is possible to %[ t man himself is m]ely a ma*9e to be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( neurones & n]v\s impulses1 h]$ity & environm5t & reactions to outside /imuli4 ,b :o is !re :o does n believe t !re is m to a man ?an t8 ,animals h demon/rat$ long ago t !y n only h z _m tal5ts z human be+s1 b t "u ! influ5ce ( ! same environm5t1 !y =m ! same k9ds ( comb9ations to def5d !mselves aga9/ enemies2 to %elt] !mselves aga9/ heat & cold2 to build homes2 to lay up a supply ( food = ! h>d seasons4 ,9 fact1 all ?r\gh ! ages man has be5 imitat+ ! animals 9 burr[+ ?r\gh ! e>?1 p5etrat+ ! wat]s1 & n[1 at la/1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air4 ,:5 a skunk bites ?r\gh ! bra9s ( frogs1 p>alys+ b n kill+ !m1 9 ord] t he may /ore !m away 9 8 nurs]y-pantry s t 8 babes may h fre% food2 :5 a mole decapitates e>?-worms = ! same reason & /ores !m ne> ! cold surface ( ! gr\nd s t ! heads w n regr[1 z !y w\ld "u normal conditions1 only a deeply prejudic$ man c claim t no elem5ts ( intellig5ce h be5 employ$4 ,!re are also num]\s signs1 s\nds & motions by :i* animals communicate ) ea* o!r1 ?\gh to man ^! symbols ( language may n always be und]/&able4 ,dogs give b>ks indicat+ surprise1 pleasure & all o!r emotions4 ,c[s w bell[ = days :5 m\rn+ = _! dead4 ,! "m be> w bury h] dead cub & sil5tly gu>d its grave = weeks to prev5t its be+ desecrat$4 ,! "m %eep w bleat mo/ pitifully :5 h] lamb /rays away4 ,foxes utt] expressive cries :i* _! *ildr5 "k full well4 ,! *amois1 :5 fright5$1 :i/le2 !y might be t]m$ ! policem5 ( ! animal _w4 ,! s5t9el w cont9ue a long1 drawn-out :i/le1 z long z he c )\t tak+ a brea?4 ,he !n /ops = a brief mom5t1 looks 9 all directions1 & beg9s bl[+ aga94 ,if ! dang] comes too ne>1 he scamp]s away4 ,9 _! ability to take c>e ( _! w\nd$ bodies1 9 _! read+ ( ! wea!r & 9 all =ms ( woodcraft1 animals und\bt$ly possess sup]human p[]s4 ,ev5 squirrels c prophesy an unusually long & sev]e w9t] & ?us make adequate prep>ations4 ,"s animals act z bo? b>omet]s & !rmomet]s4 ,x is claim$ t :ile frogs rema9 yell[1 only fair wea!r may be expect$1 b if _! col\r *anges to br[n1 ill wea!r is com+4 ,!re is no limit to ! m>vell\s ?+s animals d4 ,elephants1 = example1 c>ry leafy palms 9 _! trunks to %ade !mselves f ! hot sun4 ,! ape or baboon :o puts a /one 9 ! op5 oy/] to prev5t x f clos+1 or lifts /ones to crack nuts1 or beats 8 fell[s ) /icks1 or ?r[s heavy cocoanuts f trees ^u 8 enemies1 or builds a fire 9 ! =e/1 %[s m ?an a glimm] ( intellig5ce4 ,9 ! sly fox t puts out fi% heads to bait hawks1 or sudd5ly plunges 9 ! wat] & imm]ses himself to escape hunt]s1 or holds a bran* ( a bu% ov] 8 head & actually runs ) x to hide himself2 9 ! wolv]9e :o cat*es de] by dropp+ moss1 & sudd5ly spr++ ^u !m & claw+ _! eyes out2 9 ! be>1 :o1 z told 9 ! acc\nt ( ,cook's ?ird voyage1 rolls d[n pieces ( rock to cru% /ags2 9 ! rat :5 he leads 8 bl9d bro!r ) a /ick is actual reason+4 ,inde$1 !re is no?+ :i* man makes ) all 8 +5i\s use ( tools & in/rum5ts1 ( :i* "s sugge/ion may n be se5 9 animal creation4 ,great ?9k]s ( all ages are n want+ :o believe t animals h a portion ( t same reason :i* is ! pride ( man4 ,montaigne admitt$ t !y _h bo? ?\ght & reason1 & ,pope believ$ t ev5 a cat may consid] a man made = 8 s]vice4 ,humboldt1 ,helvitius1 ,d>w9 & ,smellie claim$ t animals act z a def9ite result ( actual reason+4 ,"l ,br\gham p]t95tly obs]ves1 ,i "k n :y s mu* unwill+ness %\ld be %[n by "s excell5t philosoph]s to all[ intellig5t faculties & a %>e ( reason to ! l[] animals1 z if our own sup]iority 0 n q suffici5tly e/abli%$ to leave all jeal\sy out ( view by ! immeasurably high] place :i* we occupy 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,f ! facts enum]at$ 9 ?is book ,i f9d t animals are possess$ ( love1 hate1 joy1 grief1 c\rage1 rev5ge1 pa91 pleasure1 want & satisfaction--t all ?+s t g to make up man's life are also f\nd 9 !m4 ,9 ! attempt to e/abli% ?is !sis ,i h be5 l$ m5tally & physically into "s ( ,nature's mo/ fasc9at+ highways & h$ges1 :]e ,i h _h _m occasions to wond] & adore4 ,i w be happy if ,i h at lea/ add$ some?+ to ! dep? ( love & appreciation ) :i* mo/ m5 look ^u ! animal _w4 ,,royal ,,dixon4 ,new ,york1 ,april1 #aiah4 ,,! ,,human ,,side ,,( ,,animals ,i ,,animals ,,t ,,practise ,,cam\flage ,%e 0 a gordian %ape ( dazzl+ l9e1 ,v]milion-spott$1 gold51 gre5 & blue2 ,/rip$ l a zebra1 freckl$ l a p>d1 ,ey$ l a peacock1 & all crimson b>r'd1 ,& full ( silv] moons1 t1 z %e brea!d1 ,dissolv$1 or bright] %one1 or int]wrea!d ,_! lu/res ) ! glori\s tape/ries4444 --,,keats 7on ,lamia1 ! snake74 ,! art ( concealm5t or cam\flage is "o ( ! newe/ & mo/ highly develop$ te*niques ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,b ! animals h be5 ma/]s ( x = ages4 ,! lives ( mo/ ( !m are pass$ 9 con/ant conflict4 ,^? :i* h enemies f :i* !y _c escape by rapidity ( motion mu/ be able to hide or disguise !mselves4 ,^? :i* hunt = a liv+ mu/ be able to approa* _! prey )\t unnecess>y noise or att5tion to !mselves4 ,x is v rem>kable h[ ,nature helps ! wild creatures to disguise !mselves by col\r+ !m ) v>i\s %ades & t9ts be/ calculat$ to enable !m to escape enemies or to entrap prey4 ,! animals ( ea* locality are usually col\r$ accord+ to _! habitat1 b good reasons make "s exceptions advisable4 ,_m ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ?is protective resemblance among animals are ! result ( _! v intimate association ) ! surr\nd+ flora & natural sc5]y4 ,!re is no "p ( a tree1 includ+ fl[]s1 fruits1 b>k & roots1 t is n 9 "s way copi$ & imitat$ by ^! clev] creatures4 ,(t5 ?is imitation is a/oni%+ 9 its fai?fulness ( detail4 ,bun*es ( cocoanuts are portray$ by sleep+ monkeys1 :ile ev5 ! leaves are copi$ by c]ta9 tree-toads1 & _m fl[]s are repres5t$ by monkeys & liz>ds4 ,! w9d+ roots ( huge trees are copi$ by snakes t twi/ !mselves toge!r at ! foot ( ! tree4 ,9 ! art ( cam\flage--an art :i* affects ! =m1 col\r1 & attitude ( animals--,nature has work$ along two diff]5t roads4 ,"o is easy & direct1 ! o!r circuit\s & difficult4 ,! easy way is t ( protective resemblance pure & simple1 :]e ! animal's col\r1 =m1 or attitude becomes l t ( its habitat4 ,9 :i* case ! animal becomes "o ) its environm5t & ?us is enabl$ to g ab\t unnotic$ by its enemies or by its prey4 ,! o!r way is t ( bluff1 & x includes all in(f5sive animals :i* are capable ( assum+ attitudes & col\rs t t]rify & fright54 ,! col\rs 9 "s cases are really ( w>n+ patt]n1 yet !y _c be consid]$ mimetic unless !y are ?\ght to resemble ! patt]ns ( "s ext9ct model ( :i* we "k no?+2 & s9ce !y are n f\nd 9 pres5t-day animals ) unpleasant qualities1 !y are n1 /rictly speak+1 w>n+ col\rs4 ,des]t animals are 9 mo/ cases des]t-col\r$4 ,! lion1 = example1 is almo/ invisible :5 cr\*$ among ! rocks & /reams ( ! ,african wa/es4 ,antelopes are t9t$ l ! l&scape ov] :i* !y roam1 :ile ! camel seems actually to bl5d ) ! des]t s&s4 ,! kang>oos ( ,au/ralia at a little di/ance seem to disappe> into ! soil ( _! respective localities1 :ile ! cat ( ! ,pampas accurately reflects 8 surr\nd+s 9 8 fur4 ,! tig] is made s invisible by 8 wond]ful col\r t1 :5 he cr\*es 9 ! bright sunlight amid ! tall br[n grass1 x is almo/ impossible to see him4 ,b ! zebra & ! giraffe are ! k+s ( all cam\flag]s6 ,s deceptive are ! l>ge blot*-spots ( ! giraffe & 8 weird head & horns1 l scrubby limbs1 t 8 concealm5t is p]fect4 ,ev5 ! clev]e/ natives (t5 mi/ake a h]d ( giraffes = a clump ( trees4 ,! cam\flage ( zebras is equally deceptive4 ,drummond says t he once f\nd himself 9 a =e/1 look+ at :at he ?\ght to be a lone zebra1 :5 to 8 a/oni%m5t he sudd5ly realis$ t he 0 fac+ an entire h]d :i* 7 invisible until !y became fright5$ & mov$4 ,evid5tly ! zebra is well aw>e t ! black-&-:ite /ripes ( 8 coat take away ! s5se ( solid body1 & t ! two col\rs bl5d into a light gray1 & ?us at close range ! effect is t ( rays ( sunlight pass+ ?r\gh bu%es4 ,! arctic animals1 ) few exceptions1 are rem>kable = imitat+ _! surr\nd+s2 _! col\r ( :ite bl5ds p]fectly ) ! sn[ ar\nd !m4 ,! pol> be> is ! only :ite be>1 & 8 home is always among ! sn[ & ice4 ,! arctic fox1 alp9e h>e1 & erm9e *ange to :ite 9 w9t] only1 because dur+ ! o!r seasons :ite w\ld be too conspicu\s4 ,! ,am]ican arctic h>e is always :ite because he always lives among ! :ite expanses ( ! ,f> ,nor?4 ,bo? foxes & /oats are c>nivor\s & fe$ ^u pt>migan & h>es1 & !y mu/ be protectively col\r$ t !y may cat* _! prey4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,nature aids ! prey by provid+ !m ) col\rs t enable !m to escape ! att5tion ( _! enemies4 ,! "y ( _m ( ! arctic animals are cov]$ ) fluffy :ite hair1 s t :ile !y are too "y to swim !y may lie ) safety ^u ! gr\nd & escape ! att5tion ( pol> be>s2 b 9 ! ant>ctic regions1 :]e !re are few enemies to fe>1 ! "y seals1 = in/ance1 are exactly ! col\r ( _! p>5ts4 ,! mo/ rem>kable exception ( mimetic col\r+ among ! animals ( ! pol> regions is ! sable4 ,?r\gh\t ! long ,sib]ian w9t] he reta9s 8 coat ( ri* br[n fur4 ,8 habits1 h[ev]1 are su* t he does n ne$ ! protection ( col\r1 = he is s active t he c easily cat* wild birds1 & he c also subsi/ ^u wild b]ries4 ,! wood*uck ( ,nor? ,am]ica reta9s 8 coat ( d>k-br[n fur ?r\gh\t ! long1 cold w9t]s4 ,! matt] ( 8 obta9+ food1 h[ev]1 is easy1 = he lives 9 burr[s1 ne> /reams :]e he c cat* fi% & small animals t live 9 or ne> ! wat]4 ,a numb] ( ! old-s*ool naturali/s believ$ t :5 an animal's col\r+ assum$ ! sn[y-:ite coat ( its arctic surr\nd+s1 ?is 0 due to ! natural t5d5cy on ! "p ( its hair & fur to assume ! col\r+s & t9ts ( _! habitat4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is absolutely false2 & no bett] pro( ( x c be (f]$ ?an ! case ( ! arctic musk-ox1 :o is f> m pol> 9 8 haunts ?an ev5 ! pol> be>1 & is !re=e expos$ to ! :it5+ influ5ce ( ! w9try regions m ?an ! be>4 ,yet he nev] turns :ite1 b is always br[n4 ,! only enemy ( ?is nor!rn-dwell] is ! arctic wolf1 & aga9/ ?is enemy he is protect$ by p[]ful ho(s1 ?ick hair1 & imm5se horns4 ,he does n ne$ to conceal himself1 & !re=e does n simulate ! col\r ( 8 surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,indians ,,claim ,,t ,,! ,,"m ,,bison ,,=c$ ,,h] ,,calf ,,to ,,roll ,,(t5 ,,9 ,a ,,puddle ,,( ,,r$ ,,clay1 ,,s ,,t ,,x ,,might ,,be ,,indi/+ui%able ,,aga9/ ,,its ,,r$ ,,clay ,,backgr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,zebra ,,is ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,clev]e/ ,,( ,,cam\flag]s4 ,,! ,,black-,,&-,,:ite ,,/ripes ,,( ,,8 ,,body ,,give ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,sunlight ,,pass+ ,,?r\gh ,,bu%es4 ,mimetic resemblances are work$ out ) great difficulty1 except 9 su* cases z ! nocturnal animals1 :i* simply become "o ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,mice1 rats1 moles1 & bats we> ov]coats t are v inconspicu\s1 & :5 sudd5ly approa*$ !y appe> almo/ invisible4 ,"s ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians claim$ t buffaloes made _! calves wall[ 9 ! r$ clay to prev5t !m f be+ se5 :5 !y 7 ly+ d[n 9 ! r$ soil4 ,! k9ds ( protection f ^! mimetic resemblances are _m & v>i$3 ! lion1 because ( 8 s&y-col\r+1 is able to conceal himself by m]ely cr\*+ d[n ^u ! des]t s&s2 ! /rip$ tig] hides among ! tufts ( grass & bamboos ( ! tropics1 ! /ripes ( 8 body s bl5d+ ) ! v]tical /ems z to prev5t ev5 ! natives f see+ him 9 ?is position4 ,! kudu1 "o ( ! h&some/ ( ! antelopes1 is a rem>kable animal 9 sev]al ways4 ,8 cam\flage is s p]fect t x gives him magnific5t c\rage4 ,) 8 spiral horns1 :ite face1 & /rip$ coat t9t$ 9 pale blue1 he is almo/ invisible :5 hid+ 9 a ?icket4 ,! p]fect h>mony ( 8 horns ) ! twi/$ v9es & bran*es1 & ! :ite col\r+s ) blue t9ts 9 ! reflect$ sunlight conceal him entirely4 ,! sn[-leop>d1 :i* inhabits ,c5tral ,asia1 is /ony-grey1 ) l>ge annul> spots to mat* ! rocks among :i* he lives4 ,?is col\ration conceals him f ! %eep1 ^u :i* he preys2 :ile ! spott$ & blot*y patt]n ( ! s-call$ cl\d$ tig]1 & ! peculi>ly-b>r$ sk9 ( ! ocelot1 imitate ! rugg$ b>k ( trees1 ^u :i* ^! animals live4 ,"o ( ! mo/ unusual & skill$ mimics is ! ,indian slo?1 ^: col\r patt]n & unique eclips+ effects seem almo/ incr$ible to ^? unfamili> ) ! real facts4 ,8 home is 9 ! trees1 & he has a deep1 orange-col\r$ spot on 8 back1 :i* w\ld make him v conspicu\s if se5 out ( 8 home surr\nd+s4 ,b he is v clev]1 & cl+s to ! moss-drap$ trees1 :]e ! effect ( ! orange-col\r$ spot is exactly l ! sc> on ! tree1 :ile 8 hair resembles ! )]$ moss s /rik+ly t ev5 naturali/s are deceiv$4 ,h5ry ,drummond mu/ h kn[n ! animal _w r well :5 he rem>k$ t ,c>lisle 9 8 blacke/ visions ( '%ams & humbugs' among humanity nev] saw any?+ s f9i%$ 9 hypocrisy z ! naturali/ n[ f9ds 9 e tropical =e/4 ,!re are to be se5 creatures1 n s+ly1 b 9 t5s ( ?\s&s1 ^: e appe>ance1 d[n to ! m9ute/ spot & wr9kle1 is an affront to tru?1 ^: e attitude is a pose = a purpose1 & ^: :ole life is a su/a9$ lie4 ,be=e ^! ma/]pieces ( deception ! mo/ +5i\s ( human impositions are vulg> & transp>5t4 ,fraud is n only ! great rule ( life 9 a tropical =e/1 b ! "o condition ( x4 ,_m ( ! l>g] cats live 9 trees1 & mo/ ( !m h spott$ or oscillat$ sk9s1 :i* aid !m 9 hid+ among foliage plants4 ,! puma :o we>s a br[n coat is an exception1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t he does n ne$ ! k9d ( coat 8 fell[ fri5ds we>4 ,he cl+s s closely to ! body ( a tree :ile wait+ = 8 prey z to be almo/ invisible4 ,?is ph5om5on is true ?r\gh\t ! animal _w4 ,ev]y:]e does ,nature aid 9 escape & capture4 ,only ^? skill$ 9 ! ways ( ! wild fully realise h[ conspicu\s amid/ foliage1 = in/ance1 w\ld be a uni=m col\ration4 ,a p>ti-col\r$ patt]n is extremely deceptive & ?us protective1 & = ?is reason "o seldom sees 9 ,nature a backgr\nd ( "o col\r2 & s9ce ! l>ge majority ( animals ne$ concealm5t1 x is necess>y = !m to be clo!d 9 patt]ns t v>y4 ,^! v>iations are especially noticeable 9 "y animals1 & furni% !m ) a mantle t is practically invisible to pr$atory enemies dur+ ! "t !y are left unprotect$ by _! p>5ts4 ,^! protective mantles (t5 diff] /rik+ly 9 patt]n & col\ration f ^? ( _! p>5ts1 & indicate t ! "y animals pres5t ! col\ration & patt]n ( _! remote =be>s4 ,x might ev5 be said t ! sk9s ( ! fa!rs are ?ru/ ^u ! *ildr51 ev5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation6 ,9 fact1 x is q probable t !y give ?r\gh ?is v>y+ col\ration ! life-hi/ory ( _! family4 ,9 all ho($ animals--antelope1 de]1 horses--! protective col\ration is also adapt$ to habitat & environm5t4 ,mo/ de] belong to ! =e/1 c>efully avoid+ ! op5 des]ts & /ay+ ne> wat]4 ,!y live *iefly 9 ! jungle or scrub1 & are usually spott$ ) r$ & :ite 9 su* a way z to be almo/ invisible to a casual obs]v]2 "s1 h[ev]1 t live 9 ! v %ady places are uni=mly d>k s z to h>monise ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,! wild horses & asses ( ,c5tral ,asia are dun-col\r$--correspond+ exactly to _! s&y habitat4 ,! ,%akesp]ian conception ( ! human _w z a /age may be p>allel$ 9 ! animal _w4 ,animals1 l human be+s1 h all a def9ite rle to play 9 ! drama ( life4 ,ea* is giv5 c]ta9 equipm5t 9 =m1 col\r1 voice1 demean\r1 ambitions1 desires1 & natural habitat4 ,"s are giv5 mu*1 o!rs b little4 ,_m h succe$$ well 9 ! art ( cam\flage :ile endeav\r+ to make a success 9 life4 ,?is success has br\ght ! desir$ opportunity ( mat+1 re>+ "y1 bequea?+ to !m _! special gifts & liv+ 9 ease & com=t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful & /rik+ cases ( protective col\ration 9 "y animals is f\nd 9 wild sw9e4 ,"h !re is longitud9al /rip+ :i* m>ks !m f head to tail 9 broad :ite b&s1 ov] a backgr\nd ( r$di% d>k br[n4 ,! tapirs h a mo/ unique =m ( m>k+4 ,x is simil> 9 ! "y ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican & ,malayan species4 ,_! bodies are exquisitely m>k$ 9 sn[-:ite b>s4 ,at _! extremities ^! b>s are brok5 up into small dots :i* t5d to ov]lap ea* o!r4 ,dur+ ! daytime ^! "y animals seek ! %ade ( ! bu%es & z ! spots ( sunlight fall ^u ! gr\nd !y appe> s ne>ly "o ) _! environm5t z to pass unnotic$ by _! enemies4 ,! adults1 h[ev]1 v>y greatly "o f ano!r 9 col\ration4 ,! ,am]ican species is self-col\r$1 :ile ! ,malayan has ! mo/ unique patt]n kn[n to ! animal _w4 ,! =e-qu>t]s1 ! head1 & ! h9d-legs are black1 :ile ! re/ ( ! body f ! %\ld]s backw>ds is ( a dirt-:ite col\r4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ by all /ud5ts ( ,nature t bold & gaudy animals usually h means ( def5d+ !mselves t make !m v disagreeable to _! enemies4 ,!y ei!r h poison\s fangs1 %>p sp9es1 f]oci\s claws1 or disagreeable od\rs4 ,!re are /ill o!rs t escape de/ruction because ( ! bad company ) :i* !y are associat$ by _! enemies4 ,! reptiles (f] u _m good examples ( mimicry4 ,mo/ arboreal liz>ds we> ! col\r ( ! leaves ^u :i* !y fe$2 ! same is true ( ! :ip-snakes & ! t9y gre5 tree-frogs4 ,a /rik+ example ( successful cam\flage is f\nd 9 ! case ( a ,nor? ,am]ican frog ^: home is on li*5-cov]$ rocks & walls1 :i* he s closely imitates 9 col\r & patt]n z to pass unnotic$ s long z he rema9s quiet4 ,i h se5 an imm5se frog1 ^: home 0 9 a damp cave1 ) l>ge gre5 & black spots ov] 8 body precisely l ! spots on ! sides ( 8 home4 ,au?or ,note3 ,! ^w mimicry z us$ "h implies a p>ticul> k9d ( resemblance only1 a resemblance 9 ext]nal appe>ance1 nev] int]nal1 a resemblance t deceives4 ,x does n imply volunt>y imitation4 ,bo? ! words mimicry & imitation are us$ to imply outw>d lik5ess4 ,! object ( ! outw>d lik5ess or resemblance is to cause a h>mless or unprotect$ animal to be mi/ak5 = ! dang]\s "o :i* he (t5times imitates2 or to aid ! unprotect$ animal 9 escap+ unnotic$ among ! surr\nd+s he may simulate4 ,a spl5did example ( pure bluff is %[n 9 ! case ( ! h>mless ,au/ralian liz>d1 kn[n sci5tifically "u ! "n ( *lamydosaurus k+ii4 ,:5 he is undi/urb$ he seems p]fectly in(f5sive1 b :5 he becomes angry1 he becomes a v]itable fi5d-l reptile4 ,9 ?is condition he /&s up on 8 h9d legs1 op5s 8 gap+ m\?1 %[+ ! mo/ t]rible tee?1 :i*1 by ! way1 h nev] be5 kn[n to bite any?+4 ,besides ?is =bidd+ display he fur!r adds to 8 t]rible appe>ance by rais+ ! mo/ extraord9>y frill :i* is exquisitely decorat$ 9 grey1 yell[1 sc>let1 & blue4 ,?is he uses l an umbrella1 & if 9 ?is way he does n succe$ 9 fright5+ away 8 enemy1 he ru%es at him1 & la%es him ) 8 saw-l tail4 ,ev5 dogs are t]rifi$ at su* cam\flage & leave ! successful bluff] alone4 ,9 all p>ts ( ! tropics are tree-snakes t lie conceal$ among ! b\ghs & %rubs4 ,mo/ ( !m are gre51 & "s h ri*ly col\r$ b&s ar\nd _! bodies :i* look n unlike gaily col\r$ fl[]s1 & :i*1 no d\bt1 attract fl[]-seek+ insects & birds4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ! deadly-poison\s snakes ( ! g5us elaps ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,!y are s brilliantly provid$ ) bright r$ & black b&s trimm$ ) yell[ r+s t x is n uncommon = a plant collector to attempt to pick !m up = r>e or*ids6 ,:]ev] ^! snakes are f\nd1 are also f\nd a numb] ( p]fectly h>mless snakes1 absolutely unlike ! dang]\s ones 9 habit & life1 yet col\r$ precisely ! same4 ,! elaps fulvius1 = example1 a deadly v5om\s snake ( ,guatemala1 has a body trimm$ 9 simple black b&s on a coral-r$ gr\nd1 & 9 ! same c\ntry & always ) him is f\nd a q h>mless snake1 :i* is col\r$ & b&$ 9 ! same id5tical mann]4 ,! t]rible & mu*-fe>$ elaps lemnicatus has ! peculi> black b&s divid$ into divisions ( ?ree by n>r[ yell[ r+s1 ?us exactly mimick+ a h>mless snake1 ! plioc]us elapoides1 bo? ( :i* live 9 ,mexico4 ,presumably1 ! deadly v>iety assumes ! col\r+ ( ! h>mless k9d 9 ord] to deceive int5d$ victims z to 8 f]ocity4 ,surely ?is is suffici5t evid5ce t col\ration & patt]n-design is a useful cam\flage device ( ! great /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,& x is safe to ass]t t any animal t has enemies & /ill does n resort to protective col\ration or mimicry 9 "s =m is entirely able to protect itself ei!r by its size1 /r5g?1 f]ocity1 or by resort+ to safety 9 numb]s4 ,elephants & rh9oc]oses1 = example1 are too p[]ful to be mole/$ :5 gr[n1 except 9 ! r>e/ cases1 & are fur!rmore ?or\ghly capable ( protect+ _! "y4 ,hippopotamuses are protect$ by _! imm5se heads1 & are capable ( def5d+ _! "y f crocodiles ev5 :5 9 ! wat]4 ,! bison & buffalo1 :i* 7 once s p[]ful on ! pla9s ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 7 protect$ by _! greg>i\s habits1 :i* t]roris$ _! enemies--! wolves4 ,_! nurs]ies 7 a feature ( _! wisdom4 ,^! 7 circul> p5s :]e ! tall grass 0 tramp$ d[n by expectant mo!rs = ! protection ( _! "y4 ,?is natural nurs]y 0 protect$ f ! inside by s5t9els :o w5t r\nd & r\nd ! p5 con/antly gu>d+ ! "y n only f ! attack ( wolves b also f v5tur+ =? alone too e>ly into ! op5 unprotect$ pla9s4 ,9 a simil> way ! sn[-p5s ( ! moose ( ! ,f> ,nor? s]ve to protect !m f ! hungry hordes ( wolves ( :i* !y live 9 con/ant dang]4 ,?is indicates t ! annihilation ( ! bison & buffalo 0 due1 n to lack ( wisdom1 b to man's inhumanity2 =1 tak+ advantage ( _! nurs]ies1 ! m5 cr\*$ ne> & conceal+ !mselves 9 ! grass kill$ n only ! mo!rs = food b ev5 ! "y 9 _! savage sport4 ,! l>ge majority ( monkeys are protectively col\r$ ) "s %ade ( br[n or grey1 ) specially m>k$ faces4 ,entire packs ( ,ceylonese species w1 at ! slighte/ al>m1 become invisible by cr\*+ on a palm-tree4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ly col\r$ ,african monkeys is jet black ) a :ite bu%y tail1 & a face surr\nd$ by a :ite r+1 or mantle ( long silky hair4 ,he ?us simulates s /rik+ly ! hang+ :ite li*5s ^u ! trees t he is r>ely se5 by 8 enemies4 ,a book might be writt5 ^u ! v>i\s ways t animals1 :5 closely associat$ ) o!r animals or human be+s1 imitate !m4 ,d>w9 says t two species ( wolves1 :i* _h be5 re>$ by dogs1 le>n$ to b>k1 z does sometimes ! jackall1 & x is well kn[n t c]ta9 dogs1 :5 re>$ by cats1 imitate _! habits1 ev5 to ! lick+ ( _! feet & ! wa%+ ( _! faces4 ,if a mongrel dog associates ) a tra9$ dog = any p]iod ( "t x is rem>kable ! progress he w make4 ,= ?is same reason "y dogs are c>ri$ on hunt+ trips ) tra9$ dogs t !y may le>n by imitation ! art ( hunt+4 ,9 ! :ole realm ( ,nature !re is no?+ m wond]ful ?an ?is matt] ( protective col\ration4 ,animals d n monopolise ! art4 ,x ext5ds ?r\gh ! :ole _w ( liv+ creatures4 ,! fact t individual animals h no volunt>y control ov] _! own col\r is eloqu5t te/imony z to ! exi/5ce ( my/]i\s life =ces & racial evolutions :i* are /ill f> beyond ! grasp ( man's und]/&+4 ,to see a t9y *ameleon adapt 8 col\r+ to 8 environm5t1 be x r$1 gre51 or yell[1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 is to h se5 an argum5t = ,god ,himself4 ,,ii ,,animal ,,musicians ,nay1 :at is ,nature's self1 ,b an endless /rife t[>ds ,music1 euphony1 rhyme8 --,,watson4 ,! great ?9k]s ( ! age believe t ! _w is "o m>vell\s bl5d+ ( innum]able & v>i$ voices4 ,?is unison ( s\nd =ms ! great music ( ! sph]es1 :i* ! poets & philosoph]s h writt5 s mu* ab\t4 ,ev5 f a purely sci5tific po9t ( view1 !re is no d5y+ t ?is music exi/s4 ,aviators tell u t :5 !y li/5 f a di/ance to ! myriads ( noises & s\nds t arise ov] a great city1 ^! are all app>5tly lo/ 9 a modulat$ hum precisely l ! vibrations ( an imm5se tun+-=k1 & appe>+ z b a s+le tone4 ,?us ! imm5se noise go+ f our _w is musically dige/$ into "o tone1 & ! aviator so>+ above ! e>? he>s only ! "o s\nd--! music ( ! sph]es4 ,! deep appreciation t animals h = music is becom+ a g5]ally kn[n fact among ^? :o h /udi$ !m closely4 ,e "o mu/ admit t !re is mu* tru? 9 ! old say+ t music ha? *>ms to soo! ! savage brea/4 ,music is compos$ ( vibrations1 :i* act ) great p[] ^u ! n]v\s sy/em ( m5 & animals alike4 ,ea* is affect$ accord+ to 8 p>ticul> physical & m5tal developm5t4 ,pr(essor ,t>*an(f has made a c>eful /udy ( ! influ5ce ( music ^u m5 & animals4 ,he has demon/rat$1 by means ( a ma*9e :i* c>efully regi/]s ! v>i\s activities ( ! h&s & f+]s1 t :5 ! h&s are s tir$ & fatigu$ t !y _c make any m>ks except a /raight l9e on ! cyl9d] :i* regi/]s ! movem5ts1 music w s /imulate ! n]ves z to cause all fatigue to disappe>4 ,& z soon z ! f+]s aga9 t\* ! cyl9d]1 !y beg9 to draw l9es ( v>i\s k9ds & heights1 ?us prov+ t ! music _h re/$ ! f+]s & plac$ !m "u control4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( music 7 us$3 t ( a melan*oly nature _h precisely ! opposite effect to t ( a lively1 *e]ful "*2 ! n]ves ( ! h&s c\ld ei!r be contract$ or exp&$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! music4 ,l all real sci5ti/s1 ,pr(essor ,t>*an(f does n claim to give any positive explanation ( ^! facts4 ,he believes1 h[ev]1 t ! volunt>y muscles act 9 ! same relation to ! music z ! he>t--t is1 t *e]ful1 happy music affects ! excito-motor n]ves1 sets up a vibration 9 ^? n]ves :i* produces *e] & good feel+2 :ile sad1 morbid music plays along ! depressant n]ves & produces sadness & depression4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 x is easy to see h[ animals1 ) _! n]v\s temp]am5ts & ready response to outside /imuli1 are greatly influ5c$ by v>i\s k9ds ( music4 ,x is sci5tifically recognis$ t music t5ds to increase ! elim9ation ( c>bonic acid & increases n only ! consumption ( oxyg51 b ev5 ! activities ( ! sk94 ,!re is no d\bt t good music at meal "t aids ! dige/ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,monkeys ,,are ,,! ,,mo/ ,,musical ,,( ,,all ,,animals4 ,,:5 ,,!y ,,congregate ,,= ,,conc]ts1 ,,z ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,tribes ,,d1 ,,! ,,air ,,is ,,fill$ ,,) ,,weird ,,/ra9s ,,( ,,monkey-,,music4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cats1 ,,unlike ,,dogs1 ,,are ,,v ,,fond ,,( ,,music4 ,,& ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,prov$ ,,t ,,_! ,,music-,,s5se ,,c ,,be ,,develop$ ,,to ,a ,,rem>kable ,,degree4 ,cats h a species ( unbeautiful music all _! own1 g5]ally produc$ at late h\rs ( ! night on ! h\se tops1 g>d5 walls1 & 9 ! alleys ( our dwell+s4 ,miss ,cat's songs are f> too *romatic to be appreciat$ by human e>s2 z a result h] conc]tos & solos are r>ely spok5 ( by human critics4 ,h[ev]1 ,nature does sometimes produce a ,tetrazz9i1 ,alice ,neilson1 or ,c>uso1 9 ! =m ( a cat1 :i* really delights 9 h>moni\s comb9ations ( s\nd4 ,i "k1 = in/ance1 ( a cat call$ ,nordica own$ by ,presson ,mill]1 :o app>5tly takes ! greate/ delight 9 he>+ good vocal & in/rum5tal music4 ,ano!r well-educat$ musical cat belongs to a fri5d :o plays a guit>4 ,?is cat delights 9 t\*+ ! /r+s ) 8 da9ty1 s(t paws1 & spr+s ) delight z ! notes are produc$4 ,! ,animal ,_w speaks ( five musical cats1 :i* 7 c>ri$ to v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w & exhibit$ z bell-r+]s1 & _! own] made a =tune out ( _! conc]ts4 ,five bells 7 susp5d$ f a hoop1 :i* hung above ! /age1 & to ea* bell 0 atta*$ a small rope4 ,at a giv5 signal1 ea* cat w\ld seize a bell & give x a pull4 ,?is 0 done ) su* p]fect "t & _s t "o might well believe x 0 ! "w ( human musicians & n ( cats4 ,c[s are responsive to c]ta9 k9ds ( music4 ,a fun]al m>* makes !m sad1 & ragtime s di/urbs !m t !y give b little milk4 ,! newspap]s claim t ,*>les ,w4 ,w>d1 :o owns a ran* ne> ,eureka1 ,cali=nia1 says t ! "r k9d ( music w increase ! production ( milk1 & t he uses a phonograph 9 ! dairy b>n4 ,a fri5d1 :o has travell$ mu*1 tells ! /ory ( a musical c[4 ,he1 9 company ) two o!r fri5ds1 0 com+ up a riv] 9 a small boat s++4 ,j z !y turn$ a b5d1 !y saw a small br[n c[1 suckl+ h] calf1 along ) sev]al o!r c[s 9 a ne>by pa/ure4 ,! c[ seem$ s fasc9at$ ) ! music t %e plung$ into ! wat] & wad$ up to h] head try+ to rea* ! boat4 ,z !y r[$ along1 %e ran up & d[n ! bank1 cutt+ cap]s 9 a mo/ a/oni%+ mann] & l[+ & bell[+ 9 te/imony ( h] delight 9 ! music4 ,%e w\ld leap1 skip1 roll on ! grass1 paw up ! e>?1 l an angry bull1 & *ase (f l a playful kitt51 always ) a l[ pla9tive bell[ z a f9al f>ewell4 ,^! fri5ds (t5 r[$ up ! riv] j to see if ! musical c[ 0 !re1 & %e always greet$ !m 9 ! usual appreciative mann]4 ,lions & tig]s are prov]bially fond ( music4 ,pr(essional tra9]s tell u t ^! animals1 :5 tam$1 w n d _! /unts )\t ! accompanim5t ( music4 ,! /ory is told ( a gr\p ( tig]s :i* rec5tly refus$ to p]=m1 because ! musicians1 :ile ! p]=mance 0 go+ on1 w5t on a /rike4 ,at once :5 ! music ceas$1 ! animals return$ to _! respective seats & no am\nt ( enc\ragem5t w\ld induce !m to cont9ue _! p]=mance4 ,no am\nt ( ?reats w\ld induce !m to "w )\t music4 ,! tra9] d>$ n puni% !m too sev]ely1 yet he fe>$ t if !y 7 n =c$ to p]=m1 !y might cont9ue to /rike4 ,b su* 0 n ! case1 = on ! morr[ :5 ! musicians return$ !y act$ z nev] be=e4 ,%eep1 bo? tame & wild1 are exce$+ly fond ( music1 & ! %eph]ds ( ,scotl& h us$ x ) _! %eep = ages4 ,:5 ! %eph]d plays ^u 8 flute or bagpipe1 !y ga!r ar\nd him & li/5 app>5tly ) great satisfaction2 :5 ! music ceases1 !y w&] out to fe$1 & 9 ! ev5+ he leads !m home by ! s+le /ra9s ( 8 flute4 ,circus horses are n only fond ( music1 b are p>tial to c]ta9 tunes1 & dem& t ^! be play$ :ile !y are do+ _! turn4 ,if = any reason ! b& *anges ! tune dur+ a p]=mance1 !y imm$iately refuse to g on ) _! /unts4 ,! orig9al f\nta9 ( all music 0 bas$ on ! v>i\s voices & s\nds ( animals--& ea* musical in/rum5t 0 orig9ally devis$ to imitate ^! s\nds4 ,= all in/rum5ts--! bass drum1 flute1 cl>9et1 trombone1 trumpet1 viol91 & ev5 pipe organ--an animal may be m5tion$ t owns ! fundam5tal tones 9 its voice1 & :i* man has imitat$4 ,ca/anets1 = example1 7 imitations ( ! rattlesnakes2 ! fir/ musical in/rum5ts ( any savage tribe ( m5 are made s z to repres5t ! voices ( ! *ief animals ( t p>ticul> locality4 ,e animal ( ! high] ord]1 ) ! exception ( a few mute dogs t belong to v hot or cold climates1 is possess$ ( "s sort ( musical tone1 expressive ( pa9 or joy1 & by means ( :i* he c express c]ta9 emotions4 ,d>w9 claim$ t ! voice ( ! gibbon1 :ile extremely l\d1 0 v musical2 & ,wat]h\se said t ?is musician sang ! scale ) consid]able accuracy1 at lea/ suffici5tly well = a tra9$ viol9i/ to accompany him4 ,(t5 :5 dogs he> music !y h[l1 or attempt to s+4 ,"s %[ a decid$ pref]5ce = c]ta9 k9ds ( music1 & actually try to imitate x4 ,gross tells ( a fri5d ( 8 :o _h a dog ) :i* he (t5 gave p]=mances4 ,! dog w\ld accompany 8 ma/]1 :5 he sang 9 falsetto1 ) h[ls t 7 unmi/akably attempts at s++1 & :i* readily adapt$ !mselves to ! pit* ( ! tone4 ,?is 0 a musical accompli%m5t ( :i* he 0 v pr\d4 ,on a subject ( :i* s little is kn[n1 !re are1 ( c\rse1 div]se op9ions4 ,s*eitl9 believ$ t music is actually disagreeable to a dog1 b he says t x may be que/ion$ :e!r or n ! dog does n 9 "s way accompany x4 ,& ,romanes1 ! great animal au?ority1 ?\ght ! same ?+4 ,he _h a t]ri]1 :i* accompani$ him :5 he sang1 & actually succe$$ 9 foll[+ ! prolong$ notes ( ! human voice ) a c]ta9 approximation to unison4 ,dr4 ,higg9s1 a musician1 claim$ t 8 l>ge ma/iff c\ld s+ to ! accompanim5t ( ! organ4 ,alix gives su* positive examples t !y are really m>vell\s3 ,p]e ,p>dies cites ! case ( two dogs t _h be5 taught to s+1 "o ( !m tak+ a "p ) 8 ma/]4 ,pi]qu9 de ,gembl\x also speaks ( a poodle t c\ld run ! scale 9 tune & s+ v agreeably a f9e composition ( ,moz>t's ,my ,he>t ,x ,s+s at ,eve4 ,all ! sci5ti/s 9 ,p>is1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 w5t to see ! dog belong+ to ,dr4 ,b5nati1 & he> x s+ ! scale1 :i* x c\ld d p]fectly4 ,monkeys & apes mo/ ne>ly approximate human musicians4 ,9 c5tral ,africa ^! animal tribes h musical c5tres :]e !y congregate regul>ly = conc]ts4 ,pr(4 ,ri*>d ,s4 ,g>n]1 ! not$ au?ority on apes & monkeys1 believes t ! "t has already come = ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool = _! education4 ,he w\ld h ! c\rses beg9n+ ) a k9d]g>t5 & advanc+ ?r\gh z _m grades z ! /ud5ts requir$4 ,pr(4 ,g>n] fur!rmore believes t we h little und]/&+ ( ! gorilla1 & po9ts out t ^! animals h a v happy & h>moni\s home life1 ! fa!r be+ highly dome/ic & delight+ 9 ! company ( 8 wife & *ildr54 ,x is n uncommon to f9d five or six g5]ations 9 a c]ta9 di/rict ( ! jungle4 ,_! ne> k91 ! *impanzees1 are equally clanni%1 b m musical4 ,!y come d[n f ! bran*es ( ! trees1 seat+ !mselves on ! dry leaves & assembl+ l an or*e/ra4 ,aft] all are ready1 !y beg9 beat+ ! leaves ) _! h&s1 at fir/ v sl[ly1 l ! quiet prelude to a symphony1 & gradually increas+ 9 tempo until ! gr& cresc5do is rea*$4 ,!n1 z if by ! direction ( an invisible lead]1 ! music sudd5ly ceases4 ,to d5y t ?is is to !m a real conc]t w\ld lead u into extreme absurdities4 ,9 ?is connection x is int]e/+ to note t :5 a baby is expect$ 9 ! village1 all music ceases until aft] its bir?1 :5 !y aga9 resume _! p]iodic musical fe/ivals4 ,h5sel v]ifies ?is obs]vation1 & tells u ( hav+ se5 apes come f _! %elt] 9 ! e>ly morn+ & congregate = a musical conc]t4 ,!y repair1 he says1 to ! %elt] ( "s gigantic mon>* ( ! =e/ ^: limbs (f] facilities = walk+ ex]cises4 ,! head ( ! family appropriates "o ( ^! bran*es & advances along x s]i\sly1 ) elevat$ tail1 :ile ! o!rs gr\p !mselves ab\t him4 ,soon he gives =? s(t s+le notes1 z ! lion likes to d :5 he te/s ! capacity ( 8 lungs4 ,?is s\nd1 :i* seems to be made by draw+ ! brea? 9 & out1 becomes deep] & 9 m rapid succession z ! excitem5t ( ! s+] increases4 ,at la/1 :5 ! highe/ pit* is rea*$1 ! int]vals cease & ! s\nd becomes a cont9u\s ro>1 & at ?is po9t all ! o!rs1 male & female1 jo9 91 & = fully t5 seconds at a "t ! awful *orus s\nds ?r\gh ! quiet =e/4 ,at ! close ! lead] beg9s aga9 ) ! deta*$ s\nds4 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable evid5ce ( animals %[+ a compreh5sive intellig5ce ( musical pit* is demon/rat$ by cavalry horses4 ,t !y ?or\ghly und]/& x is cle>ly demon/rat$ by ! fact t !y w obey ! calls ( ! bugle = cavalry evolutions )\t a mom5t's hesitation & ) no sugge/ion f outside s\rces4 ,^! bugle calls are produc$ by a comb9ation ( f\r notes1 ea* ( a diff]5t pit*1 & x is r>] to f9d a horse mak+ a mi/ake 9 ! musical ord]s giv5 ?an x is = _! ma/]s4 ,rats & mice h a decid$ lik+ = music1 z is atte/$ by ! fact t !y appe> z un9vit$ gue/s & also come z ne> ! p]=m] z possible4 ,mice1 "o w\ld believe1 love *ur* music1 = !y (t5 build _! ne/s 9 pipe organs1 ?us be+ able to re> _! *ildr5 9 bo? a musical & religi\s atmosph]e6 ,!re is m tru? ?an imag9ation 9 ! /ory ( ! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,hamel91 :i* illu/rates h[ !y respond to ! simple *>ms ( music4 ,ev5 donkeys betray t5d5cies t[>d musical ef=ts1 & seem to be ar\s$ by music at lea/ tempor>ily to a high] m5tal plane ?an ,balaam 0 incl9$ to ascribe to 8 wise ass4 ,n all ( !m s+ equally well1 b 9 ,arizona ! donkey is kn[n z ! des]t can>y4 ,if y 7 to sp5d a few glori\s days 9 ! ,hopi village ( ,araibi1 y w\ld he> ?r\gh ! /ill1 sil5t night _! long nasal bray or song1 & y w\ld be conv9c$ t ! t]m is q appropriate4 ,y may n exactly l ! tune1 b y w conc$e t !y s+6 ,society is j awak5+ to ! joy & ! significance ( community art4 ,?is is ev]y:]e indicat$ by ! great gr[+ gr\p ( p :o come toge!r = a common music1 ei!r z a *orus or an or*e/ra or bo?4 ,b 9 ?is field man has n yet atta9$ su* unity ( communal ef=t z h ! frogs4 ,9 ! great swamps ( ! _w myriads ( !m ga!r f miles ar\nd1 consci\s ( "o purpose1 & by a m>vell\s und]/&+ & co-op]ation create = !mselves a symphony ) beauties & h>monies ( its own1 & su* z to /& unrivall$ 9 man's musical _w4 ,9 ! great *orus are voices f ! l[e/ bass ( ! croak+ bullfrog1 squatt+ 9 ! m>%es1 to ! myriads ( t9y gre5 tree t5ors1 betwe5 :i* are millions ( altos1 contraltos1 sopranos1 coloraturas & o!r voices n yet 9 our musical vocabul>y4 ,^! are accompani$ by all ! s\nds ( our or*e/ra & innum]able o!rs ( su* delicate %ades & gradations z to defy ! e> ( man4 ,if we li/5 to "o ( ^! conc]ts1 we w quickly recognise ! tones ( e famili> in/rum5t1 su* z ! drum1 pipe1 horn1 trombone1 oboe1 piccolo1 'cello1 & viol94 ,! greate/ ( ^! musical fe/ivals directly prec$es ! mat+ season1 & is a dramatic in/ance ( a manife/ation ( an inn] rhy?m :i* corresponds to an ext]nal p]iodicity4 ,among ! olde/ traditions ( ! ,ea/]n _w are ^? ( snake-*>m+ by means ( music4 ,i h long be5 int]e/$ 9 ?is /range ph5om5on ( ,nature1 & 9 company ) a brilliant "y viol9i/ visit$ a zoological p>k rec5tly1 & aft] secur+ p]mission f ! head keep]1 ent]$ ! snake-h\se4 ,! viol9i/ began by play+ a few mo/ sympa!tic *ords1 fir/ delicate & s(t1 !n sad1 !n gay1 sl[ or tremul\s4 ,ne> u1 coil$ 9 8 imm5se cage1 0 a l>ge cobra--! snake :i* all leg5d claims is mo/ easily influ5c$ by music4 ,almo/ imm$iately aft] ! music began1 ! cobra rais$ himself 9 a li/5+ attitude1 /eadily gaz$ at u z ?\gh he 7 view+ ! future1 spread 8 imm5se hood1 & sl[ly began to %ake 8 head f side to side1 z if he 7 try+ to keep "t to ! music4 ,z soon z ! music w\ld *ange1 8 attitude *ang$ accord+ly4 ,only aft] ! music _h ceas$ did he resume 8 normal position4 ,! ,indians agree t "u ! influ5ce ( v>i\s musical in/rum5ts1 especially bagpipes1 snake-*>m]s are able to get ! snakes to come out f _! homes among ! old rocks & walls1 & :5 !y appe> !y seem p]fectly daz$ s t !y c be easily captur$4 ,x is n well to h any k9d ( musical in/rum5t play$1 :5 9 a =e/ at night :]e !re are dang]\s snakes1 le/ !y come to he> x4 ,snake-hunt]s always c>ry ) !m "s k9d ( musical in/rum5t1 dep5d+ ^u ! k9d ( snakes !y wi% to capture4 ,x seems t all are n equally fasc9at$ by x4 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) little effect ^u a l>ge rattl]2 x may h be5 t he 0 deaf4 ,b he gave little evid5ce ( be+ int]e/$4 ,we ne$ n feel humiliat$1 !n1 = our animal k9speople ) _! primitive music3 we 7 monkeys1 & be=e !m we 7 reptiles1 birds1 fi%es1 ev5 worms4 ,b t 0 ages ago1 & we h gr[n up & become bett] musicians4 ,evolution has *os5 u z its fav\rites & giv5 u e advantage 9 ! /ruggle up ! ladd] ( life4 ,our musical rivals ( ye/]day are z *orus p comp>$ to ,metropolitan ,op]a />s1 ) u4 ,on ?is e>? we reign supreme1 we h conqu]$ ! e>?1 air1 & wat]1 annihilat+ "t & di/ance4 ,:at m is !re = u to le>n ( ,nature's secrets8 ,only an und]/&+ ( our l[] bro!rs1 ! animals4 ,,iii ,,animals ,,at ,,play 444 ,ab\t !m frisk+1 play$ ,all bea/s ( ! e>?1 s9ce wild1 & ( all *ase ,9 wood or wild]ness1 =e/ or d52 ,sport+ ! lion romp$1 & 9 8 paw ,d&l$ ! kid2 be>s1 tig]s1 ounces1 p>ds1 ,gambl$ be=e !m2 ! unwieldy elephant1 ,to make !m mir?1 us$ all 8 might1 & wrea!d ,8 light proboscis4 --,p>adise ,lo/4 ,t "o t\* ( ,nature makes ! :ole _w k9 is %[n 9 no cle>] way ?an by ! games & play ( animals4 ,recreation is z common among !m z x is among our own *ildr52 & !y seem always to be arti/ic & ev5 skill$ 9 _! play4 ,"y goats & lambs skip1 jump1 run races1 ?r[ flips 9 ! air1 & gambol2 calves h int]e/+ frolics2 "y colts & mules h bit+ & kick+ games2 be>s wre/le & tumble2 puppies delight 9 bit+ & tussl+2 :ile kitt5s *ase ev]y?+ f spools ( ?read to _! own tails4 ,b animal *ildr5 gr[ up1 & /op play+ to a c]ta9 ext5t z age advances1 precisely z human *ildr5 d4 ,ea* settles d[n into a m practical condition ( life4 ,!y dislike to h _! games & play di/urb$1 & if ! "m dog gr[ls because h] playful son has cont9u\sly tumbl$ ov] h] :ile %e 0 sleep+1 or ! cat-"m slaps h] kitt5 because he plays ) h] tail--x is a display ( ! same k9d ( emotion t prompts a human "m to rebuke h] *ild 9 ! nurs]y = mak+ too mu* noise1 or = ?r[+ toys out ( ! w9d[4 ,animals1 l ourselves1 feel e s5sation ( joy1 happ9ess1 surprise1 disappo9tm5t1 love1 hope1 ambition1 & ?r\gh _! y\?ful games an entire index ( _! future lives may be obta9$4 ,?is play has mu* to d ) ! physical & m5tal developm5t ( ! animals2 & x is /range inde$ t s few writ]s h consid]$ ! subject ( play 9 ! animal _w4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o h notic$ ! subject at all1 drop x ) a few rem>ks1 to ! effect t x is highly amus+1 or v funny1 or unbelievable1 or s l ! play ( *ildr51 )\t ev5 a ^w ( explanation ( ! :ys & :]e=es ( x4 ,all animals h "s k9ds ( play4 ,plut>* speaks ( a tra9$ elephant t (t5 practis$ h] /eps :5 %e ?\ght no "o 0 look+4 ,no "o :o has ev] visit$ a zoological p>k & se5 ! cr[d$ monkey & baboon cages c h fail$ to note ! wond]ful play ( ^! animals4 ,seals seem nev] to tire ( *as+ "o ano!r ?r\gh ! wat]2 :ile ev5 ! clumsy hippopotamuses h div+ games4 ,kitt5s beg9 to tumble & play be=e !y are two weeks old4 ,!y w roll & toss a ball1 hunt+ x f ! d>k corn]s1 lay 9 sil5t wait = ea* o!r1 & sudd5ly spr+ ^u an unsuspect+ fell[-cat-baby's back1 j z !y w d lat] 9 life1 :5 seek+ _! prey4 ,i h se5 !m play ) a catnip m\se = h\rs at a "t1 j z ! "m cat plays ) a real m\se4 ,brehm says t ?is is notic$ 9 _! e>lie/ kitt5hood1 & t ! "m cat enc\rages x 9 all ways possible1 ev5 to becom+ a *ild ) h] *ildr5 f love ( !m1 z a human "m does 9 ! nurs]y ) h] *ild4 ,! "m cat beg9s ! play by sl[ly mov+ h] tail4 ,gesn] consid]$ h] tail z ! indicator ( h] moods4 ,! kitt5s1 :ile !y may n und]/& :at ?is means1 are greatly excit$ by ! movem5t1 _! eyes sp>kle1 _! e>s /& erect1 & sl[ly "o aft] ano!r clut*es aft] ! mov+ tail4 ,sudd5ly1 "o spr+s ov] ! "m's back1 ano!r grabs at h] feet1 :ile a ?ird playfully slaps h] 9 ! face ) 8 t9y1 s(t1 cu%ion$ paw4 ,%e1 pati5tly & "m-l1 lov+ly submits to all ?is treatm5t1 z x is only play4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,dryptosaurus4 ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,animals1 ,,too1 ,,und\bt$ly ,,_h ,,_! ,,play ,,"t1 ,,) ,,games ,,& ,,sett+ ,,up ,,ex]cises4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,a ,,happy ,,family ,,( ,,pol> ,,be>s4 ,,! ,,"y ,,cubs ,,wre/le ,,& ,,tumble1 ,,z ,,playfully ,,z ,,two ,,puppies4 ,,?is ,,play ,,has ,,mu* ,,to ,,d ,,) ,,_! ,,physical ,,& ,,m5tal ,,developm5t4 ,_m sci5ti/s h claim$ t ?is s-call$ in/9ct %\ld n be class$ z real play4 ,h[ev]1 su* an au?ority z ,d>w9 ?\ght x 0 play1 & ,s*eitl9 said t ! cat let ! m\se loose _m times 9 ord] t %e might h ! exp]i5ce ( cat*+ x ea* "t4 ,no m]cy is %[n ! helpless m\se1 :i* is ! same to h] z ! toy ball--9 ! same way z a real beetle & a toy beetle are ! same to a small *ild4 ,evid5tly ! cat does n play ) ! m\se = ! delight 9 tortur+ x1 b purely = practice t %e may become skill$ 9 ! art ( cat*+ x4 ,! cat also ex]cises 9 spr++ movem5ts1 & by /udy+ ! m\se's probable movem5ts1 le>ns to acquire a k & skill 9 m\se-ways o!rwise impossible4 ,! same cruel practice is f\nd among leop>ds1 pan!rs1 & wild cats4 ,brehm v]ifies ! obs]vation t _m memb]s ( ! cat family practise tortur+ _! victims 9 a horrible mann]1 pret5d+ to lib]ate !m1 until ! poor creatures at la/ die f _! w\nds4 ,l5z tells ( a m>t5 t w\ld play ) its prey = h\rs :5 n hungry4 ,especially 0 ?is true :5 m>mots *anc$ to be 8 victims1 & ar\nd ^! he w\ld leap & spr+1 deal+ !m t]rific bl[s fir/ ) "o paw & !n ) ! o!r4 ,:5 hungry1 h[ev]1 he proce$$ diff]5tly1 dev\r+ !m at once f tee? to tail4 ,all ! cat family1 x seems1 are fond ( human companion%ip1 & take almo/ z mu* delight 9 play+ ) human be+s z ) _! own k9d4 ,?is is especially true ( ! puma4 ,brehm tells ( a tame "o t delight$ 9 hid+ at ! approa* ( 8 ma/] & spr++ out unexpect$ly1 j z ! lion does4 ,hudson claim$ t ! puma1 ) ! exception ( ! monkey1 0 possibly ! mo/ playful ( all animals4 ,travell]s tell _m int]e/+ tales ( ! play ( ^! animals1 especially on ! ,pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,gross relates ! exp]i5ce ( an ,engli%man :o 0 compell$ to sp5d ! night outdoors on ! ,pampas ( ! ,la ,plata4 ,at ab\t n9e o'clock1 on a bright moonlight night1 he saw f\r pumas com+ t[>d him1 two adult animals & two "y ones4 ,he well knew t ^! animals w\ld n attack him1 s he quietly wait$4 ,9 a %ort "t !y approa*$ him1 *as+ "o ano!r & play+ hide-&-seek l little kitt5s2 & f9ally leap$ directly ov] ! man sev]al times4 ,! "m cat w\ld run ahead1 call+ to ! little ones to foll[ h]4 ,b %e nev] di/urb$ him4 ,at times an animal at play ) ano!r uses ! same tactics & me?ods employ$ on its prey4 ,( c\rse1 ! value ( su* practice = ! tasks ( lat]-life is evid5t4 ,dogs play hide-&-seek1 tag1 & v>i\s *as+ games = h\rs )\t re/+4 ,among ! negroes ( ! ,s\? x is n uncommon to see a h\nd play+ hide-&-seek ) ! little pickan9nies4 ,i h se5 a h\nd peep+ 9 & out among a pile ( bru% to discov] :]e ! little ones 7 hid+1 & at ! fir/ sight ( a little black face1 he w\ld lay l[ 9 anticipation ( a playful spr+1 or a sudd5 da%-away1 ) ! expectation ( be+ *as$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,at times he w\ld sudd5ly disappe> t[>d 8 home1 & slyly slip ar\nd & approa* ! playgr\nd f an opposite direction4 ,e "o :o has own$ fox t]ri]s kn[s h[ !y w cr\* 9 ! op5 grass & rema9 motionless1 ) quiv]+ expectation = ! o!r playfell[ to arrive1 & :5 ! "o 9 ambu% sees ! o!r com+ he spr+s t[>d him1 z ?\gh he 7 go+ to de/roy him6 ,& :5 ! two come toge!r1 !y attempt to seize ea* o!r by ! necks1 z !y w\ld d 9 a real conflict4 ,a wre/le & tussle ensues & :5 utt]ly exhau/$ f ?is play1 ! tir$ dogs1 l two fatigu$ *ildr51 run to _! homes4 ,dogs are fond ( play+ ball1 & w readily br+ a ball or /ick to _! ma/] :5 he has ?r[n x4 ,!y w also g into ! wat] to br+ out /icks t may h be5 toss$ 9 = amusem5t4 ,eug5e ,zimm]man _h a "y fox t]ri] t w\ld set a ball 9 motion1 :5 !re 0 no "o to pit* x = him1 by seiz+ x 9 8 m\? & toss+ x up 9 ! air4 ,monkeys & jagu>s w also play ball1 & tame be>s take great delight 9 wre/l+1 play+ ball1 & fight+ mock battles4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,"m ,,opossum ,,is ,,nev] ,,happi] ,,?an ,,:5 ,,%e ,,has ,,h] ,,little ,,ones ,,play+ ,,hide-,,&-,,seek ,,ov] ,,h] ,,back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,"y ,,fox ,,came ,,f ,,8 ,,home ,,9 ,,! ,,woods ,,daily ,,to ,,play ,,) ,a ,,"y ,,fox-,,t]ri]4 ,,he ,,is ,,n[ ,,re/+ ,,aft] ,a ,,romp4 ,beckmann wond]fully describes ! play ( a badg]1 ^: only playmate 0 an exceptionally clev] dog1 :o f 8 e>lie/ y\? _h be5 taught to live ) diff]5t k9ds ( animals4 ,toge!r !y w5t ?r\gh a s]ies ( gymna/ic ex]cises on pleasant aft]noons1 & _! f\r-foot$ fri5ds came f f> & ne> to witness ! p]=mance4 ,! ess5tials ( ! game 7 t ! badg]1 ro>+ & %ak+ 8 head l a wild bo>1 %\ld *>ge ^u ! dog1 z x /ood ab\t fifte5 paces (f1 & /rike him 9 ! side ) its head2 ! dog1 leap+ dext]\sly entirely ov] ! badg]1 await$ a second & ?ird attack1 & !n made 8 antagoni/ *ase him all r\nd ! g>d54 ,if ! badg] manag$ to snap ! dog's h9dqu>t]s1 an angry tussle ensu$1 b nev] result$ 9 a real fight4 ,if ,casp>1 ! badg]1 lo/ 8 temp]1 he drew (f )\t turn+ r\nd1 & got up snort+ & %ak+ & ) bri/l+ hair1 & /rutt$ ab\t l an inflat$ turkey-cock4 ,aft] a few mom5ts 8 hair w\ld smoo? d[n1 & ) "s head-%ak+ & good-natur$ grunts ! mad play w\ld beg9 aga94 ,"y animals are /rik+ly l *ildr5 9 _! crav+ = amusem5t4 ,a "y be> w lie on 8 back & play ) 8 feet & toes by ! h\r1 :ile a "y pup c h a great game ) only a dry bone1 or by *as+ 8 %ad[ on ! wall4 ,rabbits come out 9 ev5+s on ! s&-hills to play hide-&-seek ) _! "y1 & squirrels nev] we>y ( ?is univ]sally popul> game4 ,i "k ( a "y fox t us$ to come f a ne>by woods e ev5+ to play ) a "y fox-t]ri]4 ,!y became great fri5ds & 7 (t5 se5 9 ! woods toge!r4 ,a fri5d :o owns a ran* 9 ,texas once rais$ two "y wolves t romp$ & play$ ) ! neighb\r's dogs j z if !y 7 dogs !mselves4 ,!re are o!r animals1 l ! weasels1 t w also play ) /range fri5ds4 ,b !y pref] _! own k9d z playmates4 ,!y take ! greate/ delight 9 play+ ) _! p>5ts1 & no?+ is m beautiful or /range ?an to see sev]al ( !m play+ 9 a valley on a sunny day4 ,out pops "o little head1 ) tw9kl+ eyes glanc+ f side to side1 & !n z if f n[h]e1 ! little bro!rs & si/]s beg9 to appe>1 *as+ ea* o!r z ?\gh !y 7 play+ tag4 ,^! ex]cises give !m mu* agility :i* !y w ne$ 9 lat] life4 ,i once own$ a tame raccoon1 & (t5 kept him *a9$ 9 ! back y>d4 ,:5 he c\ld n f9d a "y *ick5 or duck to torm5t1 he devis$ all k9ds ( s*emes to relieve ! monoton\s h\rs4 ,he w\ld pile up a numb] ( small /ones1 & c>efully await 8 *ance to fl+ "o into a gr\p ( "y *ick5s4 ,he seem$ to und]/& t he 0 m apt to make a hit :5 he ?rew into a cr[d ?an :5 aim+ at a s+le *ick4 ,at o!r times he w\ld lie on 8 back1 madly wav+ 8 tail z ?\gh he 7 signall+ = "s "o to come ne>4 ,if we *anc$ to pass by )\t speak+1 he w\ld gr[l or :9e 9 "s way to attract att5tion4 ,aft] h\rs ( self-amusem5t he w\ld lie d[n z if life 7 useless1 & wait until some?+ or somebody came along to amuse him4 ,8 greate/ delight 0 9 fi%+ ?+s out ( a pan ( wat]1 & he w\ld wa% e pebble or play?+ t he own$ & c>efully lay x out to dry4 ,"o day he p\nc$ ^u a roo/] :o insult$ him by dr9k+ f 8 wat] vessel1 & pluck$ a long fea!r f 8 tail s quickly t we c\ld h>dly realise :at _h tak5 place4 ,he !n _h great fun 9 attempt+ to /ick ! fea!r 9 8 head or by plant+ x upright 9 ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r day1 9 w9t]1 he broke 8 *a9 & made /raight = ! kit*51 :]e he f\nd a snug w>m place 9 old ,aunt ,moriah's kit*5 ov54 ,! old negress came to cook d9n] & :5 ! raccoon sudd5ly sprang out ( h] ov51 %e v[$1 ,i'se nevah gw9e to cook 9 dis heah kit*5 aga92 dis place is hoodoo$ fo' life6 ,once we gave him a pail ( hot milk1 & x 0 evid5tly hott] ?an we realis$2 he />t$ to dr9k x1 & sudd5ly /opp$1 & 9 ang] grabb$ at a v "y puppy t 0 foll[+ u1 & be=e we c\ld /op him1 dipp$ ! puppy's head into ! hot milk4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! milk 0 n hot en\gh to injure ! puppy4 ,b ! raccoon _h tak5 8 rev5ge out on ! little animal1 & 0 evid5tly satisfi$4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t all animals seem to play games & take ex]cises t w be especially helpful to !m 9 lat] life4 ,badg]s1 = example1 delight 9 turn+ som]saults2 de] l to jump & leap2 foxes & raccoons practise /eal+ ^u "o unnotic$2 tapirs & crocodiles play 9 ! wat] z night approa*es2 m\nta9 goats1 %eep1 horses & mules run1 leap1 jump1 & play foll[-lead]4 ,animals t live 9 ! high m\nta9s practise all k9ds ( high-jumps1 :i* w\ld be unnecess>y if !y liv$ on level gr\nd1 b are highly ess5tial 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries4 ,brehm claims t 9 summ] ! *amois climb up to ! ev]la/+ sn[ & take mu* delight 9 play+ 9 x4 ,!y w drop into a cr\*+ position on ! top ( a v /eep m\nta91 "w _! f\r legs ) a swimm+ motion1 & slide d[n on ! surface ( ! sn[ = a hundr$ & fifty metres4 ,z !y slide d[n ! sn[ flies ov] !m l a f9e p[d]4 ,z soon z !y rea* ! bottom1 !y jump to _! feet1 & sl[ly climb up ! m\nta9-side aga91 :ile _m ( _! comrades sil5tly /& by & wat* _! coa/+ approv+ly1 fir/ "o & !n ano!r jo9+ 9 ! sport1 l human coa/]s w\ld d4 ,x is n uncommon = a numb] ( !m to tumble toge!r at ! bottom1 l romp+ *ildr54 ,?is coa/+ is v rem>kable1 & ?r\gh skill 9 x1 no d\bt1 ! lives ( _m *amois are sav$ f frightful accid5ts lat] 9 life4 ,alix tells u t dogs ( m\nta9\s c\ntries are also (t5 skill$ 9 ! art ( coa/+4 ,our tame fawn us$ to delight 9 play+ ) our old rabbit-dog1 ,nimrod4 ,!y 7 ! be/ ( fri5ds1 & ! fawn w\ld beg9 ! *ase by approa*+ ,nimrod z ?\gh he 7 go+ to /amp him into ! e>?1 & !n sudd5ly leap+ quickly & safely ov] ! dog1 he w\ld run away4 ,at ?is signal = a game1 if ,nimrod 0 9 ! mood1 he *as$ ! fawn1 :o w\ld delight 9 jump+ ov] f5ces & h$ges & wait+ = poor ,nimrod to get ov] or "u j 9 "t to see 8 playmate leap to ! o!r side4 ,wolves1 if tak5 :5 q "y1 h a mo/ unique way ( %[+ _! affection at ! appe>ance ( _! ma/]4 ,!y w spr+ into ! air1 tumbl+ ov]1 ) :9ny+ cries ( delight1 fall+ to ! gr\nd !y pret5d to bite & snap at ev]y?+1 until _! fri5d f9ally comes v ne> !m4 ,prairie dogs are fond ( all k9ds ( races & jump+ games2 !y w ea* appe> at ! entrance to _! und]gr\nd homes1 & w play a simple =m ( prison]s'-base = long p]iods ( "t4 ,) defiant calls at ea* o!r1 "o f9ally approa*es ! home ( ! o!r1 :i* is a signal = ! ?ird to attempt to slip into ! entrance to ! second "o's home be=e he c return4 ,_m jo9 9 ! game & x usually ends 9 a regul> roll-&-tumble = _! respective homes4 ,p]haps ! /range/ ( all =ms ( play is t 9 :i* "y duckbills indulge4 ,!y are slightly l puppies 9 _! me?ods ( roll-&-tumble1 b ! way 9 :i* !y grab "o ano!r ) _! /range bills1 z !y /rike ) _! =e-paws is q orig9al4 ,!y seem to h an unusually good disposition1 & if "o little playfell[ falls 9 ! game1 & desires to scrat* himself be=e aris+1 ! o!r pati5tly waits until he arises1 :5 ! mock battle beg9s anew4 ,antelopes h *ase & m>*+ games :i* are beautiful4 ,!y seem rapidly to foll[ an invisible lead] ov] ! pla9s1 sudd5ly =m+ !mselves into pairs1 f\rs1 eights1 sixte5s1 until ! entire h]d ?us =m "o l9e1 l an army ( soldi]s m>*+4 ,:ile ?is game is progress+1 c]ta9 ( _! numb] /& z s5t9els & spectators1 & ! slighte/ approa* ( an enemy is ! signal = all play to cease1 & = !m to disappe> ov] ! pla9s4 ,:5 we witness ^! abundant evid5ces ( ! ne$ & preval5ce ( recreation 9 ! animal _w1 we are confront$ ) "o m argum5t = ! exi/5ce ( real m5tal & moral faculties among our f\r-foot$ fri5ds4 ,,iv ,,arm\r-,,be>+ ,,& ,,mail-,,clad ,,animals ,! spectacle ( ,nature is always new1 = %e is always r5ew+ ! spectators4 ,life is h] mo/ exquisite inv5tion2 & dea? is h] exp]t contrivance to get pl5ty ( life4 --,,goe!',s ,aphorisms 7trans4 by ,,huxley74 ,civilis$ nations ?r\gh\t ! _w at diff]5t times 9 _! c\ntry's hi/ory h protect$ _! soldi]s & w>riors ) coats ( arm\r or mail4 ,?is practice prevail$ ext5sively dur+ ! ,middle ,ages2 b x has almo/ entirely disappe>$4 ,! ,g]man brea/plates ( to-day are an attempt$ revival4 ,! coats ( mail ( ! anci5t w>riors und]w5t an evolution>y process1 until !y 7 inde$ br\ght to a high pit* ( p]fection & beauty4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t !y 7 ab&on$ z too burd5some to be ( practical value4 ,?is protective =m ( arm\r has be5 us$ by animals s9ce "t immemorial1 & 0 copi$ by man f !m2 & among ! v>i\s =ms ( x are f\nd examples ( e k9d ( arm\r us$ 9 ! human _w1 f ! r\gh lea!r %ields ( hide :i* ! savages use1 to ! ornam5tal suits ( mail1 l ^? us$ by ! knights ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,inde$1 "s animals h c>ri$ ! art ( protection to su* an ext5t t !y are v]itable movable =ts1 or tanks6 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! e>?'s hi/ory1 animals ne$$ great] protection f p[]ful enemies ?an !y d at pres5t1 & !y develop$ a coat ( mail1 exquisite 9 appe>ance & ev5 m effici5t ?an t us$ by man4 ,yet1 l mank9d1 !y h f\nd new] & m effici5t me?ods ( protection1 & z a result ( *ang$ conditions & enemies1 h disc>d$1 at lea/ mo/ ( !m1 _! coats ( mail & arm\r4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o h held to ! old-fa%ion$ ways ( fight+ & fac+ ! _w1 h1 l unprogressive peoples1 p]i%$2 & to-day only a few arm\r-be>+ animals exi/4 ,^! classes1 h[ev]1 h nev] be5 v l>ge1 & consi/ ( two small families2 ! pangol9s & ! armadillos4 ,! =m] live 9 s\!rn ,asia & ,africa1 :ile ! latt] are inhabitants ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,^! animals h a great advantage ov] man1 = _! arm\r gr[s ^u _! bodies & is a "p ( !m1 :ile man mu/ put 8 on & take x (f & cont9ually replace ! worn-out p>ts4 ,aga91 :ile !re are only ?ree di/9ct k9ds ( human arm\r--! *a91 scale & plate arm\r--!re are _m k9ds ( animal arm\r4 ,:at wond]ful opportunities exi/ to-day 9 ! great museums = /udy+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( animal arm\r1 = ^? :o are int]e/$6 ,! scaly ant-eat]1 :o is at home 9 ,africa & ,asia1 is "o ( ! mo/ unusual & orig9al types ( mail-clad animals4 ,he might be comp>$ to a wolf 9 outl9e1 cov]$ f head to tail 9 huge1 horny plates1 :i* look l imm5se f+]-nails ov]lapp+ ea* o!r4 ,8 head %>p5s out into a long1 n>r[ sn\t1 :i* conta9s a /icky1 worm-l tongue1 & ?is he c use ) great rapidity & effect 9 raid+ an ant-hill4 ,he drops 8 tongue ov] ! entrance1 & ! ants attempt to crawl ov] x & are glu$ to x4 ,he walks 9 a v unique way by go+ ^u ! backs ( 8 feet4 ,?is pres]ves 8 wond]ful claws = bur/+ op5 ants' ne/s1 z 8 *ief food consi/s ( ^! t9y insects & _! eggs4 ,a c\s9 ( ! scaly ant-eat]1 ! great ant-eat] ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 has ! same g5]al habits ( 8 ne>-k9sman4 ,he has an imm5se bu%y tail ) :i* "s naturali/s claim he sweeps up ants4 ,?is is n true1 h[ev]2 he uses 8 tail1 :5 he lies d[n1 to cov] himself4 ,! hairs ( ! tail "p 9 su* a mann] z to fall ov] ! body l a ?at*$ ro(1 protect+ x f ra9 & /orm alike4 ,a "p ( ! head & "u portion ( ?is ant-eat]'s body are unprotect$1 & ?is is :y he rolls himself up l a ball :5 dang] is ne>4 ,9 ?is position1 8 scales /& out 9 su* a way z to make a complete r[ ( %>p po9ts1 z un9vit+ z ! wires on a b>b$ wire f5ce4 ,yet1 x is claim$ t c]ta9 ( 8 enemies1 l ! leop>d1 "k 8 "o great weakness--a t]ror ( be+ wet--& (t5 make him uncoil by roll+ him into ! wat]4 ,8 coat ( h>d cov]+ is really compact masses ( h>d5$ hair drawn out to %>p dagg] po9ts1 & might be lik5$ to p9e cones endu$ ) p[]4 ,?r\gh ages ( exp]i5ce1 ! scaly ant-eat] has le>n$ t ev5 8 p[]ful coat ( protection is n altoge!r a success 9 life's battles1 & f "t to "t 8 arm\r has be5 made light] & light]1 & because he has be5 s sl[ 9 mak+ ! necess>y *anges1 he is to-day v sc>ce1 & able only by ! greate/ caution to drag out a dull exi/5ce z a nocturnal & burr[+ animal4 ,x w\ld seem t ) su* p[]ful protection z he orig9ally _h1 he w\ld h outliv$ ! puny armadillos1 b 8 fa/ disappe>ance proves t ! race is n always to ! swift1 nor ! battle to ! /rong4 ,among ! animals :i* h disc>d$ _! old-fa%ion$ coats ( mail1 & h successfully protect$ !mselves aga9/ all enemies1 may be m5tion$ ! frogs1 newts1 & _! k9speople1 ! reptiles4 ,^! latt]1 ! le>n$1 ) _! delight 9 multiply+ t]ms1 h class$ z amphibians4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! coal =e/s 7 gr[+ ov] :at we n[ "k z ,engl&1 !re 7 innum]able amphibians1 & ev5 to-day _! petrifi$ footm>ks are f\nd 9 s&/one4 ,! und]side ( _! *e/s 7 cov]$ ) l>ge bony plates1 & 9 "s cases ! re/ ( ! body 0 cov]$ ) scale-l bones4 ,yet1 all ! newts & frogs ( to-day h wisely disc>d$ ! old coats ( arm\r us$ by _! =efa!rs4 ,! armadillo has an arm\r ( q ano!r k9d1 not)/&+ ! fact t pangol9s & armadillos belong to ! same great family1 & ea* eats ants4 ,_! plates ( arm\r1 or %ields1 h no?+ at all to d ) ! hair1 nor d !y h any?+ to d ) ! exo-skeleton2 !y are =m$ ( bone mat]ial1 :i* appe>s 9 ! true sk9 9 ! =m ( t9y %ields1 & ea* %ield is itself cov]$ ) a h>d plate :i* gr[s 9 ! out] sk94 ,! actual =mation ( ^! %ields diff]s l>gely 9 ! v>i\s species ( armadillo4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,naosaurus ,,& ,,dimetrodon1 ,,two ,,ext9ct ,,arm\r-,,be>]s ,,:o ,,%\ld ,,h ,,be5 ,,well ,,able ,,to ,,protect ,,!mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,arm\r-,,be>] ,,( ,,prehi/oric ,,times ,,^: ,,%ield ,,0 ,,an ,,effective ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,enemy ,,horns4 ,x is well to rememb] t ! pangol9s & armadillos are ! la/ survivors ( a great & anci5t family ( arm\r-be>]s4 ,_m ( _! remote ance/ors h be5 f\nd 9 ! rocks & hills ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & all ( _! repres5tatives ( to-day are small animals--! la/ ( a doom$ race--creatures ( ye/]day4 ,! glyptodon is kn[n to h be5 m ?an elev5 feet 9 l5g?1 & 8 ne>-k9sman1 ! *lamydo!re1 0 ev5 l>g]4 ,he 0 ne>ly ! size ( our pres5t-day rh9oc]os4 ,^! ext9ct giants c>ri$ on _! backs huge domes ( bony plates1 t mu/ h rivall$ our mu*-fe>$ tanks1 ( tr5* w> fame4 ,"o w\ld ?9k !y 7 invuln]able1 yet ! glyptodon & ! *lamydo!re1 ) _m o!r equally well protect$ creatures1 h long ago disappe>$ f ! e>?1 b h[ & :y nobody kn[s4 ,?is total disappe>ance ( ^! m>vell\sly protect$ giants1 :i* seem$ capable ( def5d+ !mselves aga9/ any & all k9ds ( enemies t might h aris51 is "o ( ! /range/ & mo/ unsolvable problems ( sci5ce4 ,ano!r mail-clad animal ( importance is ! armadillo ( ! tropical & temp]ate regions ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,he is nocturnal 9 habits1 sleep+ 9 8 und]gr\nd home dur+ ! day1 & com+ out at night to seek = food4 ,?is und]gr\nd home is r l>ge1 & ! nurs]y is well protect$ f enemies by its location4 ,9 x ! "m armadillo re>s h] "y until !y are l>ge en\gh to c>e = !mselves4 ,all species ( ! armadillos are p[]ful burr[]s1 & !y are well equipp$ = _! tunnell+ 9 ! e>? ) /rong =e limbs4 ,!y fe$ ^u all k9ds ( insects & animal sub/ances4 ,x is claim$ t ! giant armadillo is a v]itable grave-robb] & sometimes digs up dead bodies = ! purpose ( eat+ !m4 ,^! animals are pl5tiful ^u ! savannas ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & !y fea/ ^u ! bodies ( dead cattle4 ,s h>d are _! coats ( arm\r t ! ,gau*os %>p5 _! ,spani% knives1 :i* !y always c>ry1 ^u !m4 ,%\ld ! armadillo be attack$ by a man on horseback1 he w burr[ s rapidly t only by ! quicke/ movem5ts ( ! man c he be caught2 & if he is1 wat* out = 8 t]rible claws6 ,no animal is bett] protect$ by nature f its enemies ?an ! pi*iciago1 ^: sci5tific "n is *lamyphorus truncatus4 ,?is /range little mantle-be>] we>s a coat ( mail :i* is z flexible z ! human-made coats ( arm\r ( old5 times1 & he is z safe "u its cov]1 :i* all[s him p]fect fre$om1 z if he 7 "u ! gr\nd4 ,he is ab\t ! size ( ! ord9>y mole1 & 8 g5]al habits are n unlike ^? ( ! mole4 ,he is an und]gr\nd-dwell]1 ) enorm\s =e-paws1 palm-%ap$1 ^u :i* are five p[]ful claws4 ,^! he uses to great advantage 9 digg+ 9 ! e>? = insects & = build+ 8 home4 ,he has a small sn\t1 rem9d+ "o ( t ( a pig2 :ile 8 pi]c+ little eyes are deeply hidd5 9 8 fur4 ,he is a native ( ,*ile1 & because ( 8 %y nature & subt]ranean habits is r>ely se54 ,! mo/ int]e/+ feature ab\t ?is little creature is ! cuirass :i* s p]fectly protects 8 body4 ,its =mation & arrangem5t is q unusual2 x appe>s l a numb] ( squ>$ plates ( horn1 tightly unit$ to %ort /rips ( tape1 :i* are sew$ toge!r4 ,! cuirass is n connect$ ) ! entire body ( ! animal1 b only on ! top ( ! head & along ! sp9e4 ,x cov]s ! entire back1 & :5 x rea*es ! tail1 turns d[nw>d1 =m+ a p]fect flap1 :i* protects ! h9dqu>t]s4 ,! v>i\s species ( manis are fam$ = _! p[]ful coats ( arm\r4 ,!y1 also1 belong to ! great gr\p ( burr[]s1 & _! coats ( mail assume bo? (f5sive & def5sive *>act]s4 ,^! mail-be>]s are cov]$ ) num]\s %>p-edg$ scales1 l m9iature horns1 :i* entirely ov]lap "o ano!r1 l %+les on a h\se4 ,!y are ( great h>dness1 & =m a belt :i* no animal ( _! regions c p5etrate4 ,a revolv] %ot w produce n ! slighte/ effect ^u ! body ( ?is iron-protect$ animal4 ,^! animals are pl5tiful 9 ,india1 & :5 !y are mole/$1 !y delib]ately w9d !mselves up1 coil _! tails ov] _! bodies1 & rema9 9 consci\s security aga9/ ! fruitless bl[s ( _! enemies1 :o soon we>y ( ! w\nds caus$ f ! prickly scales ( imp5etrable arm\r4 ,in/ead ( we>+ heavy coats ( mail1 c]ta9 animals1 su* z ! h$gehog & porcup9e1 pref] to we> coats cov]$ ) ne$les & p9s4 ,( c\rse1 a coat ( sp9es is us$ purely = protection4 ,& aga9/ ! attacks ( su* enemies z dogs1 x proves all-suffici5t1 b x is a well-kn[n fact t pumas & leop>ds w kill & eat porcup9es at all times1 pay+ small att5tion to _! sp9es1 z is %[n by ! numb] :i* are sometimes f\nd /ick+ 9 ! body ( a porcup9e-eat+ animal4 ,!re are sev]al species ( ?is great sp9e-be>+ family2 & _m ( !m1 especially ! true porcup9es & ! e*idnas1 h burr[s 9 ! gr\nd & ?us h a d\ble means ( protect+ !mselves4 ,b o!rs1 su* z ! h$gehog1 dep5d = _! protection ^u _! ability to roll up into a ball1 ?us pres5t+ a b>b$ wire protection4 ,/ill o!rs live l>gely 9 ! trees & seek by o!r means to protect !mselves4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ coats ( arm\r is t worn by ! porcup9e ant-eat]--(t-times errone\sly call$ porcup9e or h$gehog4 ,he is a native ( ,au/ralia1 & is a p[]ful burr[]4 ,he is m>vell\sly protect$ by means ( a coat ( ne$les or sp9es :i* inflict pa9ful w\nds on ! dog or o!r enemy t v5tures to attack him4 ,9 case ( dang]1 he curls himself up into a ball1 & defies any "o to come ne>4 ,n only does he possess ! coat ( prickles ) :i* he def5ds himself1 b he also has a l>ge p]=at$ claw or spur on ea* h9d foot ?r\gh :i* p\rs an ill-smell+ liquid1 & ^! also aid 9 protect+ him4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( porcup9es :i* inhabit ,asia1 ,africa1 ,s\!rn ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,:5 a porcup9e wi%es to attack an enemy1 he ru%es at x backw>ds1 & usually leaves ! enemy lit]ally cov]$1 l a liv+ p9-cu%ion1 ) 8 sp9es4 ,^! animals h convex skulls1 %ort tails1 & live *iefly 9 ! w>m] regions ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,^? ( ,am]ica are diff]5t 9 "o p>ticul>--! soles ( _! feet are cov]$ ) h>d1 bone-l tub]cles1 in/ead ( be+ s(t & smoo?2 !re are also a numb] ( hairs t are int]m+l$ ) ! sp9es4 ,! ,canada porcup9e has m hairs ?an ! ,am]ican1 & a %ort] & /umpi] tail4 ,ano!r animal ^: me?ods ( def5ce are by means ( 8 sp9es1 is ! h$gehog4 ,8 sp9es d n t]m9ate 9 %>p po9ts1 l ^? ( ! porcup9e1 b end 9 t9y knobs4 ,^! are plac$ b5ea? ! sk91 & are l p9s /uck ?r\gh a cu%ion4 ,! h$gehog1 l ! porcup9e1 rolls himself into a ball :5 attack$ by enemies1 & he has ! additional ability ( ?r[+ himself d[n a hillside1 l a roll+ ball1 & ?us escap+ 8 enemies )\t injury to himself4 ,x w\ld seem t ! h$gehog1 roll$ into a ball & cov]$ ) prickles1 w\ld be protect$ f all enemies4 ,b ?is is n true1 = ! clev] fox kn[s j h[ to make him unroll4 ,?is "o secret ( ! h$gehog's weakness v (t5 causes 8 loss ( life4 ,8 weakness is a t]ror ( be+ wet or dropp$ into wat]2 & :5 ! fox f9ds him all roll$ up1 he c>efully rolls him into a pond ( wat] &1 :5 he unrolls1 quickly dr[ns him4 ,not)/&+ ! %ortness ( ! h$gehog's sp9es1 he is ! mo/ highly specialis$ ( all sp9e-be>+ animals4 ,9 ! l[] ord] ( animals !re are sp9y mice & sp9y rats1 & ev5 ! horn$ toad uses 8 horns z a means ( protection aga9/ 8 enemies4 ,"o ( ! mo/ peculi>ly arm\r$ animals is ! horn$ liz>d1 commonly kn[n z ! horn$ toad ( ,am]ica4 ,8 body is cov]$ ) small sp9y scales1 :ile ! *isel-%ap$ head has a circlet ( m9iature horns4 ,^! he uses :5 attack$ by enemies to %ield himself aga9/ bites & knocks4 ,! ,indians claim t if a snake swall[s ! horn$ liz>d :ole1 ! liz>d w imm$iately "w 8 way ?r\gh ! snake4 ,?is w\ld n be )\t a p>allel1 h[ev]1 = x is g5]ally kn[n t box-fi%es1 :5 swall[$ by %>ks1 bite _! way out6 ,nature has be5 especially k9d to horn$ liz>ds1 & t is ! reason !re are s _m ( !m4 ,!y well "k ! secret ( ! ,gyges r+1 & c put on ! g>m5t ( invisibility 9 a v %ort "t4 ,!y especially frequ5t ! des]t regions ( ! ,s\? & ,we/2 & ^? t dwell 9 black s&y regions are black2 ^? ( r$ clay regions are r$2 ^? ( grey regions1 grey2 ^? f ! v>i\sly col\r$ regions ( blue & r$ are precisely ! col\r ( ! e>?4 ,b n satisfi$ ) all _! protections ( arm\r & cam\flage1 !y actually1 :5 h>d-press$ by an enemy1 feign dea?1 l an opossum6 ,& if ! enemy p]si/s 9 8 attack1 & ,mr4 ,liz>d _c escape1 z a f9al ef=t he spurts te>s ( blood f 8 eyes4 ,! ,mexicans call him ! sacr$ toad4 ,! ph5om5on ( blood-%oot+ has be5 expla9$ 9 v>i\s ways1 all ( :i* seem equally unsatisfactory4 ,s f> x is "o ( ,nature's secrets4 ,p]haps "s day we may und]/& x4 ,! tortoises are among ! be/ examples ( creatures :i* to-day protect !mselves ) arm\r4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1 reptiles1 yet 9 ! g5]al =mation ( _! arm\r1 !y are /rik+ly l armadillos4 ,! tortoise has 8 arm\r s arrang$ ov] 8 body t x =ms "o big box4 ,he draws 8 head & limbs into ?is :5ev] dang] is ne>4 ,9 ,texas rec5tly ,i f\nd a small l& t]rap91 & z soon z ,i came ne>1 he clos$ 8 h\se4 ,i pick$ him up1 & !n c>efully laid him upside d[n on ! gr\nd1 & /epp$ beh9d "s ne>by bu%es to see :at he w\ld d4 ,imm$iately he pok$ 8 head out1 & !n 8 feet1 & !n he began to wave 8 feet wildly 9 air1 & f9ally ?rew himself 9 ! "r position & ha/5$ away ?r\gh ! grass4 ,! turtle protects himself 9 ! same way1 & draws 8 head1 feet1 & tail "u 8 own h\se-ro( :]e no?+ c get him4 ,lob/]s & crabs are excell5t types ( arm\r-be>+ animals4 ,lob/]s we> m>vell\s coats ( mail1 v simil> to ^? worn by human w>riors dur+ ! age ( *ivalry4 ,_! jo9t$ /ructure assures !m p]fect ease & security4 ,crabs1 h[ev]1 believe1 z ! tortoise1 9 ! /rong-box protection4 ,:5 re/+1 crabs tuck _! legs b5ea? !m1 s z to %elt] !mselves "u ! h>d cov]+4 ,^u crabs ,nature has be/[$ tw9 protective *>act]i/ics3 namely1 !y are arm\r$1 & also mimic _! surr\nd+s4 ,! latt] protection is especially ne$ful1 because c]ta9 big fi%es1 l ! cod1 are 9 ! habit ( swall[+ crabs :ole4 ,9 ?is case ! arm\r is ( no use1 :ile ! protective resemblance saves ! crab4 ,to discuss 9 detail all ! v>i\s k9ds ( arm\r & mail t ! diff]5t gr\ps ( animals h us$ & develop$ = (f5sive & def5sive purposes s9ce ! days ( ! prehi/oric gigantic armadillos to ! pres5t1 w\ld require a book ( itself4 ,x is suffici5t to "k t arm\r & mail & sp9es are among ,nature's mo/ common =ms ( protection1 & t ea* age develops new & ev] m effici5t me?ods ( def5ce4 ,?is simply means t ! age-long drama ( evolution is always *ang+4 ,ev]y?+ t is came out ( t :i* 01 & ?r\gh\t ! ages ! ev]-evolv+ organisms h be5 develop+ out ( ! pa/1 t !y might ev] be new4 ,v ,,m9]s ,,& ,,excavators ,:5 ! cold w9t] comes & ! wat] plants die1 ,& ! little brooks yield no fur!r supply1 ,d[n 9 8 burr[ he cosily creeps1 ,& quietly ?r\gh ! long w9t] sleeps4 --7,! ,wat] ,rat47 ,!re are _m gr\nd-dwell]s 9 ! animal _w1 & =emo/ among !m is ! mole4 ,?is rem>kable little creature is n only gift$ z a digg] ( canals & tunnels1 b plans & makes ! mo/ extraord9>y subt]ranean homes4 ,sometimes he unites ) 8 fell[ creatures & e/abli%es :ole cities ) w9d+ passages1 *amb]s1 exits & entrances4 ,9 fact1 he has n only an exquisitely arrang$ home1 b highways & roads t lead to 8 k+ly hunt+-gr\nds :i* are z elaborate z t ( a mod]n man ( weal? & culture4 ,inde$ 8 subt]ranean network ( tunnels excels 9 complexity our mod]n city subways4 ,8 eng9e]+ calculations nev] fail1 & a cave-9 ( 8 hallways is unkn[n4 ,?is little g5tleman ) ! velvet coat is a g5ius ( v>i$ accompli%m5ts6 ,b ?is is only true :5 ! mole is 9 8 prop] sph]e or home4 ,!re he c fight l a tig]1 cat* 8 prey bo? bel[ & above gr\nd1 build wells to collect & reta9 wat]1 swim l a fi%1 & d _m ?+s :i* w\ld seem impossible1 judg+ f 8 awkw>d & clumsy mann] above gr\nd4 ,8 app>5t awkw>dness :ile out ( 8 natural habitat is l>gely due to ! peculi> =mation ( 8 limbs1 & ! /upid appe>ance ( 8 small half-hidd5 eyes4 ,^! features seem to m>k him to ! casual obs]v] z a dull animal1 yet 9 reality he is v active & bright1 & :5 at home displays 8 m>vell\s g5ius 9 _m ways6 ,8 upturn$ h&s become p[]ful %ovels1 & by ! aid ( an extra bone1 ! sickle1 :i* belongs to ! inside ( ! ?umb1 he is enabl$ to "w l an a?lete4 ,8 velvet-l hair /&s /raight up1 l ! pile on velvet1 & 8 t9y eyes are s hidd5 by hair t !y d n get injur$4 ,! eyes are n well f9i%$ f an optician's po9t ( view--b !y s]ve admirably all ! ne$s ( ! mole's life4 ,z dull & /upid z he appe>s1 he is1 consid]+ 8 size1 ! fi]ce/ & mo/ active animal 9 exi/5ce4 ,imag9e him ! size ( a wild cat6 ,he w\ld be a bea/ ( exce$+ f]ocity4 ,ev5 a lion w\ld f9d him a =midable antagoni/4 ,) su* an animal tunnell+ 9 8 fields & cell>s1 man w\ld h a t]ror h>d to ext]m9ate4 ,! mole is an eng9e] & m9] :o seems to h a /range s5se ( direction practically unkn[n to _m o!r animals4 ,h[ he manages to =m tunnels & burr[s 9 l9es ( su* unusual /raightness is unkn[n2 he always works 9 d>kness1 unless x is t he c see 9 ! d>k4 ,8 little hills are n delib]ate /ructures2 !y are only %aft ends ?r\gh :i* ?is m9] ?r[s out ! e>? t he has scoop$ f subt]ranean dep?s1 & 9 mo/ cases smoo!d out s t if an obs]v] exam9es ! burr[ he w f9d only solid e>?1 & a road into 8 tunnel :i* leads to 8 real habitation4 ,! home ( ! mole is usually b5ea? a tree or hillock1 & rem9ds "o ( a m9iature city ( tunnels & eng9e]+ feats4 ,! ma91 or c5tral1 room is %ap$ l a great dome1 ! upp] "p ( :i* is level ) ! e>? ar\nd ! hill1 & !re=e n[h]e ne> its apex4 ,mr4 ,wood has v]ifi$ ! obs]vation t ar\nd ! keep are two circul> passages1 "o ( :i* is level ) ! ceil+1 :ile ! o!r is above4 ,! upp] circle is decid$ly small] ?an ! l[]2 & !re are five asc5d+ passages :i* connect ! gall]ies ) ea* o!r4 ,!re is only "o entrance1 h[ev]1 & f x ?ree roads lead into ! upp] "p ( ! keep4 ,:5 a mole ent]s ! h\se f "o ( ! tunnels1 he mu/ g ?r\gh ! basem5t 9 ord] to get to ! upp] "p ( ! h\se & s desc5d into ! keep4 ,!re is /ill ano!r entrance into ! keep f bel[4 ,"o passage leads d[nw>d directly f ! middle ( ! *amb]1 !n curv+ upw>d1 leads into a l>g] tunnel or subway4 ,?r\gh\t ! va/ network ( tunnels e in* ( wall space seems q smoo? & poli%$4 ,?is is due to ! cont9u\s pressure ( ! mole's fur aga9/ ! walls4 ,?us !re is little dang] ( ! walls collaps+ ev5 aft] a ra9-/orm4 ,no human be+ kn[s j :y ! mole has su* a complex sy/em ( und]gr\nd /reets & tunnels2 p]haps x is because he f9ds t a great] feel+ ( safety surr\nds 8 home :5 he kn[s t 9 case ( dang] he c escape 9 a doz5 directions4 ,surely he is ! orig9al build] ( labyr9?s6 ,h[ m>vell\s t s t9y a creature c build su* a =tress6 ,! complex *amb]s & circul> gall]ies d ju/ice to an arti/4 ,! space ( gr\nd cov]$ by a s+le mole's roads & gall]ies is almo/ unbelievable2 9 e direction f ! =tress !y run1 & are sunk at v>i\s dep?s1 accord+ to ! condition ( ! mole's hunt+-gr\nds1 :i* are really ! spaces ( gr\nd ?r\gh :i* he tunnels4 ,worms & und]gr\nd insects are 8 *ief food4 ,sometimes he pl\ghs along ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & exposes 8 back z he works2 b if ! wea!r is dry1 he pl\ghs deeply into ! e>? = worms4 ,he fills 8 /oreh\se ) e>?-worms = w9t] use1 & he f9ds x necess>y to bite _! heads (f1 :i* leaves !m in]t b n dead4 ,?is _c be done 9 ! summ] mon?s )\t ! heads re-gr[+ & ! worms crawl+ away4 ,! mole kn[s ! exact temp]ature be/ suit$ = keep+ 8 meat fre%6 ,a mo/ int]e/+ & beautiful family ( m9]-c\s9s ( ! moles are ! %rews4 ,!y are excavators ( great ability1 & because ( _! nocturnal habits are r>ely se5 alive4 ,!y are v simil> to ! mole1 ?\gh mu* m h&some4 ,_! domicile is built ( dry grass at ! end ( a tunnel4 ,! %rew mole ( ,nor? ,am]ica is a gr\nd-digg] ( great +5uity4 ,he is second only to ! mole 9 ! ext5t & pret5sions ( 8 eng9e]+ & tunnell+4 ,8 eyes are v small & deeply hidd5 9 8 fur4 ,dur+ ! day he con/antly comes to ! surface ( ! e>?1 & "o may cat* him by driv+ a hoe or spade und]nea? him4 ,ano!r und]gr\nd-dwell] is ! elephant %rew ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,he has a long nose1 ?ick fur1 %ort e>s1 &1 unlike 8 c\s9s1 he loves to bask 9 ! w>m sun%9e4 ,at ! lea/ signal ( al>m he d>ts away to 8 subt]ranean home4 ,z a m9+ eng9e] he is unexcell$2 he s9ks 8 tunnels by fir/ bor+ an almo/ p]p5dicul> %aft1 & !n mak+ 8 burr[s at an angle4 ,x is a sad day = e>?-worms :5 he decides to locate 9 _! vic9ity6 ,x is n an easy task to classify ! homes ( animals4 ,_m ( !m h *>act]i/ics t entitle !m to be plac$ "u sev]al gr\p+s4 ,! ott]1 = example1 might be class$ z a cave-dwell]1 z he seeks refuge 9 caves2 yet he also re>s 8 "y 9 und]gr\nd ne/s z a burr[+ animal4 ,b few naturali/s believe t he does 8 own digg+4 ,?is is n surpris+ :5 we rememb] t !re are _m o!r animals t live 9 caves & grottoes1 & l ! ott]1 seek ready-made homes = _! conv5i5ce4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ?ree ,am]ican salam&]s1 bats1 & a few /range mice1 :o seek d>kness & con/ant temp]ature1 & !re=e f9d caves be/ suit$ to _! ne$s4 ,! same is true ( ! weasel1 :o is ?\ght to be a great burr[]1 b 9 fact1 l our remote cave-dwell+ ance/ors1 makes 8 home only 9 caves1 9 rocky crevices1 & "u ! gn>l$ roots ( old trees4 ,he is a bright-ey$ little creature1 ) a sl5d] snake-l neck & r$ body4 ,he is a great fri5d ( mank9d1 z he does m t[>d eradicat+ mice & o!r nocturnal depr$ators ?an all ! rat-cat*]s 9 ! l&4 ,8 home is q ord9>y comp>$ to t ( ! m ambiti\s und]gr\nd-dwell]s4 ,a ne> c\s9 ( ! weasel1 & a mo/ +5i\s eng9e] & m9]1 is ! badg]4 ,he is a t5em5t-dwell] & builds 8 home 9 ! deep1 %ady woods4 ,8 home is r pret5ti\s ) sev]al *amb]s1 & a mo/ delightfully furni%$ nurs]y :i* is w>mly padd$ ) dry grass & moss4 ,! badg]1 once s pl5tiful 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 is fa/ pass+ away because ( ! increase ( t[ns & cities4 ,z soon z ! =e/ 9 :i* he dwells is dra9$ & conv]t$ into f>m l&1 ! badg] disappe>s4 ,he is driv5 f ! soil :]e he once held sway1 & is "o ( ^? un=tunate animals :i* are elim9at$ by man-made civilisation4 ,! fox ( ! ,f> ,nor? is a fam\s excavator1 & 8 und]gr\nd home :i* %elt]s & protects him f ! extreme cold is mo/ spaci\s4 ,x is a /range fact t ^! cunn+ little animals r>ely make _! homes away f o!rs ( _! k9d4 ,sometimes tw5ty to ?irty are f\nd 9 close proximity4 ,& _! own]s are unque/ionably ! sm>te/1 ke5e/1 & quicke/ creatures t roam ! wilds4 ,:ile "s ( _! de$s are que/ionable1 _! quick wits & nimble bodies excite our admiration4 ,^! arctic foxes really build small cities1 & _! semi-social life may be acc\nt$ = by ! peculi> suitability ( ! place :i* !y select = a habitation4 ,_! homes are usually 9 a s&y hill1 :]e x is v easy = !m to burr[2 & ! /range/ "p ( ! :ole city is t ea* burr[ is complete & entirely indep5d5t 9 itself4 ,!re are _m w9d+ pa?s & tunnels 9 ea* h\se1 b ea* belongs exclusively to its own] & nev] w9ds into a neighb\r's h\se4 ,9 case ( dang] ! fox has _m directions 9 :i* he may escape4 ,! nurs]y is ! mo/ c>efully arrang$ ( all ! rooms4 ,x is r small & is directly connect$ ) ! ma9 out] *amb] some:at l ! nurs]y ( ! mole4 ,s skilfully is x situat$ t x sometimes happ5s a hunt] w dig into a fox's burr[ & nev] discov] ! ne/ ( "y1 & lat] ! clev] "m w return to c>ry away h] babes1 :i* are usually five to six 9 numb]4 ,adjo9+ ! nurs]y are two or ?ree /orage rooms fill$ ) food = ! w9t]4 ,! numb] ( bones usually f\nd 9 ! basem5t indicates t a great v>iety ( ducks1 fi%1 h>es1 lemm+1 & /oats are regul>ly eat51 & t ! av]age fox family does n want = food4 ,! arctic fox is n only a beauty 9 8 coat ( pure :ite1 b is unusually bra9y4 ,p]secut$ animals1 l p]secut$ human be+s1 become v wise4 ,nature is k9d to ! fox 9 8 arctic home1 & 9 ! w9t] turns 8 coat sn[ :ite s t he may easily escape 8 enemies--especially m51 :o seek 8 beautiful fur & edible body4 ,he is skill$ 9 8 di/ru/ ( wires1 /icks1 guns & /r+s6 ,no man kn[s bett] ?an he ! mean+ ( foot-tracks 9 ! sn[1 & h[ long !y h be5 !re1 & :i* way !y lead2 ?us1 ^? t survive _! enemies h acquir$ extreme wisdom1 & keep c>efully away f ev]y?+ t is at all suspici\s to _! eyes & no/rils4 ,! ,sib]ian fox is "o ( ^? wise creatures t has defi$ 9 a mo/ extraord9>y way 8 h&icaps1 &1 refus+ to admit !m1 has boldly select$ ! /range/ dwell+-place kn[n to ! animal _w--! horn ( ! m\nta9 %eep4 ,?is unique dwell+-place has be5 ! home ( ! ,sib]ian fox = ages1 & 8 ance/ors h kn[n no o!r4 ,! m\nta9 %eep1 :i* are giants among _! k9d1 h ! longe/ horns 9 proportion to _! size ( any animal 9 exi/5ce4 ,! argali ( ,sib]ia is ! l>ge/ ( all %eep1 & is equal 9 bulk & weight to an av]age-siz$ ox1 ) horns proportionally l>ge4 ,! horns ( ^! animals are /rik+ly l ^? ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 %eep ( ,am]ica1 except !y are mu* l>g]4 ,!y spr+ up f ! =ehead1 tilt backw>d1 !n boldly curve bel[ ! muzzle1 be=e f9ally aga9 po9t+ upw>d & tap]+ into a %>p & delicate po9t4 ,!y are holl[1 ?\gh exce$+ly /\t & ela/ic1 & /r5g!n$ on ! outside by a numb] ( ridges or horny r+s set v close toge!r4 ,!y are f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ?is l& ( p]petual ice & sn[1 & x is ?\ght t !y break f ! %eep's heads v easily4 ,x is n uncommon to f9d !m ly+ 9 a spot :i* has be5 a battlefield1 :]e two %eep 9 attempt+ to settle "s dispute h f\ght & fall54 ,x is n long aft] !y h ?us fall5 be=e !y are utilis$ by ,mr4 ,fox4 ,he /ores himself c>efully away 9 ^! roomy horns1 "o ( :i* ,mrs4 ,fox uses z a nurs]y1 f9d+ x a snug1 safe1 & w>m place to re> h] little family4 ,! o!r v>ieties ( foxes1 especially ! grey & r$1 are n s skill$ 9 home-mak+4 ,?is may be due to ! fact t !y d n h ne$ ( su* elaborate h\ses z _! arctic c\s9s4 ,aga91 x may be t ! exi/5ce ( num]\s des]t$ homes ( badg]s1 or ev5 rabbits1 makes x unnecess>y = !m to sp5d _! "t 9 build+ homes ( _! own4 ,x is mu* easi] to enl>ge ! ready-made burr[ ( a rabbit ?an to dig a new tunnel1 ( c\rse4 ,if !re is no ready-made burr[ to be _h1 !n ! wise fox sets to "w & scoops out 8 own4 ,h]e9 he sleeps all ! day1 & comes =? only at night4 ,a small *amb] f ! ma9 room s]ves z ! nurs]y1 & "h ! babies are born & nurtur$4 ,no?+ is m beautiful ?an to see ! entire family--"m1 fa!r1 & *ildr5--come =? at ev5+ to play4 ,! "y are z sportive z pups1 b !y nev] w&] f> f home4 ,_! broad heads1 grey coats1 %ort tails & awkw>d appe>ance w\ld lead no "o to ?9k t !y 7 ! *ildr5 ( h&some1 nimble-limb$1 intellig5t ,mrs4 ,fox6 ,woe to ! dog t ent]s ,mrs4 ,fox's home6 ,%e is a pugili/ ( ! fir/ ord]1 & kn[s h[ to fight f> bett] ?an ! av]age bull t]ri]4 ,x requires a v savage dog to kill h]1 & he is apt to be m9us an e> :5 ! battle is ov]4 ,r$ & grey foxes are simil> 9 intellig5ce1 b diff] 9 _m o!r ways3 ! =m] are l ! gipsies 9 always mov+ ab\t f place to place1 :ile ! latt] /ick to "o g5]al locality1 al?\gh _! hunt+-gr\nds may range = sev]al miles 9 all directions4 ,r$ foxes seem actually to enjoy be+ hunt$ by dogs2 9 mo/ cases !y w outrun ! dogs1 & r>ely seek protection f caves or rocks4 ,! grey fox1 on ! o!r h&1 c>es little = rac+1 b seeks protection among rocky cliffs :]e ! dogs are at a disadvantage4 ,"h none b ! smalle/ can9es may ent] ! holes & crannies1 & !y are usually wise en\gh to /ay out4 ,hunt]s are ?or\ghly famili> ) ! tactics ( ! fox family1 & !re=e select ! r$ ones = _! sport4 ,! foxes are truly fam$ = _! cunn+1 & :5 o!r animals try to play tricks on !m1 ! trick usually turns out 9 ! foxes' fav\r4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season ^! wise creatures are sometimes h>d press$ = food4 ,birds & small animals are h>d to cat*1 & ! f>m]s' *ick5 h\ses are clos$4 ,x is !n t ! wise fox ne$s all 8 wit & wisdom1 = he (t5times becomes ! hunt$ z well z ! hunt]4 ,8 *ief enemies are ! puma & ! timb] wolf1 b !y are seldom able to get him4 ,! prairie-dog is s tal5t$ t he might be class$ "u sev]al head+s2 he is sociable1 a burr[]1 & especially gift$ 9 ! art ( con/ruct+ und]gr\nd dog t[ns4 ,he is r>ely call$ by 8 ,indian "n1 ,wi%-ton-wi%1 & we "k him only z ! prairie-dog4 ,evid5tly he 0 giv5 ?is "n because ( 8 yelp+ b>k1 :i* resembles ! cry ( a "y dome/ic dog4 ,he is a good-look+ b r curi\s little animal4 ,he has a r\nd1 flat head1 & g>i%-r$ fur1 & a /\t little body4 ,he makes an affectionate pet1 & loves ! society ( human be+s4 ,:5 he decides to />t a t[n1 he usually succe$s1 = he is an exce$+ly prolific animal1 & 8 ext5sive burr[s seem to h no ends4 ,!y are r l>ge1 & run to great dep?s4 ,9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially on ! big prairies1 ! prairie-dog t[ns (t5 cov] l>ge areas4 ,!y are usually dug 9 a slop+ direction1 & desc5d f\r to six feet 9 dep?1 & !n sudd5ly rise upw>d aga94 ,hundr$s ( ^! little tunnels are dug 9 su* close proximity to ea* o!r t x is q unsafe = cattle & horses to pass ov] !m4 ,?is is ! *ief reason :y ran*m5 d n l ! o!rwise h>mless little animals ( ! prairies4 ,^! dog t[ns are mo/ curi\s1 & a visit to "o ( !m well repays ! travell]4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! prairie-dog is exce$+ly inquisitive & ?is v quality (t5 co/s ! little animal 8 life4 ,mr4 ,wood1 9 describ+ ! prairie-dog's habits1 says t ?is wise little ,we/]n]1 :5 p]*$ on ! hillocks :i* we h already describ$1 is able to survey a wide ext5t ( t]ritory & z soon z he sees a visitor1 he gives a l\d yelp ( al>m1 & dives into 8 burr[1 8 t9y feet knock+ toge!r ) a ludicr\s fl\ri% z he disappe>s4 ,9 e direction simil> sc5es are enact$4 ,! w>n+ cry has be5 he>d1 & imm$iately e dog )9 a hundr$ y>ds repeats ! cry & leaps into 8 burr[4 ,_! curiosity1 h[ev]1 _c be suppress$1 & no soon] h !y vani%$ f sight ?an _! heads are se5 protrud+ f _! burr[s4 ,sometimes hundr$s ( !m w be peep+ f _! homes at "o "t1 _! beautiful eyes sp>kl+ z !y cauti\sly wat* ! enemy's e movem5t4 ,! prairie-dog is truly a t5em5t dwell]1 & 8 home is occupi$ n only by 8 own k9d1 b by owls & rattlesnakes4 ,mo/ naturali/s believe t ^! incongru\s families live 9 p]fect h>mony2 b x is a well-kn[n fact t ! snake occasionally dev\rs ! "y prairie-dogs1 & he mu/ be consid]$ by !m z an intrud] :o procur$ bo>d & lodg+ )\t _! cons5t4 ,! owls1 on ! o!r h&1 are suppos$ to d no h>m1 al?\gh x may be t !y also occasionally fea/ on a t5d] "y pup4 ,! magnific5t little animals kn[n to sci5ti/s z vizca*as1 & ^: homes are on ! pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 are ! mo/ skill$ build]s ( und]gr\nd cities 9 ! animal _w4 ,_! villages or cities are call$ vizca*]as & are provid$ ) f t5 to tw5ty m\?s or subway entrances1 ) "o entrance (t5 s]v+ = sev]al holes4 ,if ! gr\nd is s(t1 x is n uncommon to f9d tw5ty to ?irty burr[s 9 a vizca*]a2 b if ! gr\nd is rocky & h>d1 only f\r or five burr[s are f\nd4 ,^! wide-m\!d1 gap+ burr[s are dug close toge!r1 & ! entire t[n usually cov]s f "o hundr$ to two hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,! vizca*]as are diff]5t f o!r und]gr\nd animal cities2 "s ( ! burr[s are l>ge1 o!rs are small4 ,mo/ ( !m op5 into a subt]ranean ma9-/reet at f f\r to six feet f ! entrance2 f ?is /reet o!r /reets w9d & turn 9 all directions1 l a man-made subway1 & _m ( !m ext5d cle> into o!r /reets or subways1 ?us =m+ a complete network ( und]gr\nd passageways4 ,all ! tunnell$-out dirt is br\ght to ! surface & =ms a l>ge m\nd to prev5t ! wat] f ent]+ ! cities4 ,accord+ to ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson1 9 ,! ,naturali/ 9 ,la ,plata1 9 "s directions a p]son might ride five hundr$ miles & nev] advance half a mile )\t see+ "o or m ( !m4 ,9 di/ricts :]e1 z f> z ! eye c see1 ! pla9s are z level & smoo? z a b[l+-gre51 especially 9 w9t] :5 ! grass is close-cropp$1 & :]e ! r\gh giant-?i/le has n sprung up1 ^! m\nds appe> l br[n or d>k spots on a gre5 surface4 ,!y are ! only irregul>ities t occur to cat* ! eye1 & consequ5tly =m an important feature 9 ! sc5]y4 ,9 "s places !y are s ne> toge!r t a p]son on horseback may c\nt a hundr$ ( !m f "o po9t ( view4 ,unlike "s burr[+ animals1 ! vizca*a does n select a spot :]e !re is a bank or depression 9 ! soil1 or roots ( trees1 or ev5 tall grass2 kn[+ t !y only attract ! opossum1 skunk1 armadillo1 & weasel1 he *ooses an op5 level plot ( gr\nd :]e he c wat* 9 all directions = enemies :ile he works4 ,! great or ma9 entrance to "s ( ^! und]gr\nd cities is sometimes f\r to six feet 9 diamet]4 ,a small man /&s %\ld] deep 9 !m4 ,! go+ & com+ ( ^! little vizca*as w\ld almo/ lead "o to believe t !y h a primitive city gov]nm5t1 & are rul$ accord+ to def9ite laws4 ,_! cities /& = g5]ations1 & _m ( ! old human inhabitants tell ( c]ta9 vizca*]as ar\nd !m :i* exi/$ :5 _! p>5ts 7 liv+4 ,! f\nd] ( a new village is usually a male2 & he goes only a %ort di/ance f ! o!r villages to e/abli% 8 new colony4 ,^! cities are by no means occupi$ by _! build]s alone1 b h _! undesirables )9 _! bord]s4 ,! unique /yle ( burr[+ :i* ! vizca*as employ b5efits sev]al k9ds ( birds1 especially ! ,m9]va1 & "o species ( ! swall[s1 :i* build _! ne/s 9 ! bank-l holes 9 ! sides ( ! vizca*a's cities4 ,sev]al insects1 among :i* may be m5tion$ a l>ge nocturnal bug1 ) r$ w+s & %9y black body1 also seek ! same %elt]2 ano!r =eign inhabitant is a night-roam+ c9c9dela1 ) d>k gre5 w+-cases & pale r$ legs1 :i* rem9d "o ( ori5tal jewels4 ,!re are also no less ?an six species ( w+less wasps1 beautifully col\r$ 9 r$1 black1 & :ite4 ,doz5s ( spid]s & small] insects t live 9 & ne> ! vizca*]as1 :i* are ev]y:]e spr9kl$ ov] ! pampas1 pass 9 & out among ! /reets recognis+ _! respective fri5ds & enemies4 ,! home life 9 ^! communities is mo/ int]e/+4 ,! burr[]s rema9 indoors until late 9 ! ev5+ dur+ ! w9t]1 b 9 summ] appe> be=e ! sun sets4 ,"o ( ! l>g] males is ! fir/ to appe>1 z if to see if ev]y?+ is safe f dang]2 if x is1 o!rs imm$iately pop up & take _! places at ! entrance to ! burr[4 ,! females are small] ?an ! males1 & /& up t !y may see ev]y?+ t happ5s4 ,curiosity /ruggl+ )9 !m = ma/]y is (t5 ! cause ( _! dea?4 ,t9y swall[s hov] ov] ! entrances1 l myriads ( l>ge mo?s1 ) nev]-end+ l[1 m\rnful cries4 ,( all ! incongru\s inhabitants ( ! vizca*]as1 ! fox is ! mo/ dread$ & ! lea/ welcome4 ,to appease 8 gr[ls & sn>ls ! vizca*as are sometimes =c$ to let him occupy "o ( _! rooms = a season1 or ev5 p]man5tly4 ,dur+ a "p ( ! ye> he appe>s q unassum+ & indiff]5t to ! g5]al affairs ( ! h\sehold1 & he really goes q unnotic$1 ev5 ?\gh he may be sitt+ on ! m\nd 9 ! family gr\p4 ,b :5 ! vizca*as appe> 9 ! spr+1 ! fox beg9s to become int]e/$ 9 ! nurs]y & z soon z ! old] animals are away he dev\rs ! "y4 ,occasionally1 if ! fox is hungry1 or if he has ano!r fri5d to aid him1 he w hunt ! vizca*]a f end to end1 battl+ ) ! old1 & usually kill+ all ! "y4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! "m vizca*a1 :5 h] babes are l>ge en\gh to foll[ h]1 w take !m away to ano!r place t is saf]4 ,! language ( ^! city-build]s is mo/ unusual2 ! males frequ5tly utt] ! mo/ v>i$ & a/oni%+ cries4 ,!y are j>r+ 9 ! extreme1 & are produc$ 9 ! mo/ leisurely mann]1 gr[+ l\d] & l\d] & f9ally end+ ) a sl[ quav]4 ,at o!r times1 !y grunt l small pigs4 ,hudson says t any quick noise1 l ! report ( a gun1 produces a mo/ />tl+ effect among ^! little animals4 ,z soon z ! report is brok5 on ! /illness ( ! night a p]fect furore ( cries issues =? f e direction4 ,9 a few seconds x ceases = a mom5t>y lull1 & !n sudd5ly breaks =? aga91 l\d] ?an be=e4 ,! tones ( ! diff]5t ones are s diff]5t t ! cries ( ne>by individuals may be pla9ly di/+ui%$ amid/ ! babel ( voices com+ f ! di/ance4 ,x s\nds z if ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( !m 7 /riv+ to express e emotion ) _! t9y t5or voices4 ,no words c describe ! effect t ^! s\nds produce4 ,"o ( ! mo/ peculi> calls is ! special al>m-note1 :i* is %>p1 sudd51 & %rill4 ,x is report$ f "o to ano!r until e vizca*a is safe 9 8 burr[4 ,b ) all ! k9d & sociable qualities ( ^! little animals1 !y h *>act]i/ics :i* seem r p>adoxical1 & *ief among ^! is _! res5tm5t ( any intrusion ( neighb\rs into _! burr[s4 ,al?\gh a numb] ( individuals may reside 9 adjo9+ comp>tm5ts 9 ! same burr[1 yet if "o ent]s a burr[ n 8 own--woe is he6 ,ev5 :5 pursu$ by fi]ce dogs a vizca*a w r>ely ent] a room ( ano!r4 ,if he does1 he is imm$iately p\nc$ ^u by ! angry own]1 & is usually driv5 cle> out ( ! burr[4 ,^! animals are und\bt$ly f> ! mo/ v]satile & intellig5t rod5ts 9 ! _w4 ,a mo/ unusual m9] & und]gr\nd dwell] is ! pocket goph] ( ,nor? & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,he is a rat-l animal1 & is mo/ pl5tiful on ! pla9s ( ! ,mississippi region4 ,he is unusual 9 appe>ance1 dress$ 9 br[n & grey fur1 ) t9y :ite feet1 small eyes & e>s1 & a %ort /ubby tail4 ,8 feet are wond]fully /rong1 & 8 =e-paws are arm$ ) /rong1 curv$ claws4 ,b he is fam$ = 8 wond]ful fur-l9$ p\*es :i* op5 inside 8 *eeks & s]ve a peculi> use4 ,8 entire life1 ) r>e exceptions1 is sp5t und]gr\nd4 ,!re he makes long tunnels = ! purpose ( secur+ t5d] roots = food2 ^! tunnels are ab\t twelve to eighte5 in*es bel[ ! surface1 & usually w9d "u ! foot ( a tree :]e a s9k+ passage goes d[n f\r to five feet fur!r & leads to a l>ge liv+-room4 ,?is is ! family ne/ & nurs]y1 l9$ ) grass & s(t fur :i* ,mrs4 ,goph] has tak5 f h] own body4 ,adjo9+ ! liv+-room is a /orage b9 fill$ ) nuts1 dri$ bits ( roots1 tobacco1 & potatoes4 ,mu* t is exagg]at$ has be5 said 9 reg>d to ! adaptability ( ! goph] = 8 "w4 ,b x is a fact t he is ( all ! digg]s be/ suit$ = 8 task4 ,he uses 8 /rong tee?1 l a tr5*-digg] uses a pick1 to loos5 ! e>?2 & :ile 8 =e-feet are kept con/antly at "w 9 digg+ & press+ ! dirt back "u ! body1 ! h9d feet also aid 9 %ovell+ x /ill f>!r back4 ,:5 a suffici5t am\nt has heap$ up beh9d him1 he p]=ms ! /range/ ( all 8 feats--he turns ar\nd1 & places 8 h&s v]tically aga9/ 8 *91 ?us =c+ himself backw>ds1 pu%+ ! dirt ahead ( himself until x is =c$ out ( ! tunnel4 ,at ! out] end ( ! tunnel is =m$ a little hillock4 ,dr4 ,m]riam has made a special /udy ( ! goph]1 & 9 speak+ ( ! /range habit ( runn+ backw>ds1 he says t ev5 9 c>ry+ food to "o ( 8 b>ns or /oreh\ses ! goph] r>ely turns r\nd b usually runs backw>ds & =w>ds1 ov] & ov] aga9 l a %uttle on its track4 ,! goph] uses 8 p\*es = c>ry+ food1 n dirt4 ,:5 he has eat5 a suffici5t am\nt ( food1 he fills 8 p\*es4 ,if a potato is too l>ge to be c>ri$ 9 ?is way1 he trims x (f to ! "r size4 ,8 me?od ( empty+ 8 p\*es is mo/ int]e/+2 ) 8 two t9y paws he delicately presses ! food f 8 *eeks4 ,! wood*uck is an ,am]ican basem5t-dwell] ( consid]able r5[n4 ,8 peculi> :i/l+ cry has won = him f ! ,fr5* ! "n ( siffleur2 & we sometimes call him by ! v inappropriate "n ( gr\nd-hog4 ,he is a skill$ wea!r prophet1 & 8 appe>ance 9 ! e>ly spr+ signifies t ! w9t] is ov]4 ,he nev] %[s himself until ! cold is gone4 ,! home ( ! wood*uck is usually f\nd "u a hill1 ) a %elt]+ rock to protect ! entrance1 :i* leads into a tunnel1 f tw5ty to ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 f9ally end+ by ent]+ 8 home prop]4 ,! tunnel desc5ds obliquely = sev]al feet1 & aga9 rises t[>ds ! surface4 ,8 ne/ is r l>ge1 & nicely l9$ ) dry grass & leaves1 :i* s]ve z a c>pet = ! "y wood*ucks :5 !y come into ! _w4 ,! "y rema9 9 ! und]gr\nd home until !y are ab\t five mon?s old1 !n !y g out into ! _w = !mselves4 ,! gr\nd squirrel long ago decid$ t he w\ld r h a dwell+ "u ! gr\nd ?an 9 ! tree-tops1 = 9 an und]gr\nd home he w\ld h m protection1 a bett] place = /or+ food1 & a f> saf] nurs]y = re>+ 8 preci\s babes4 ,s snug1 cosy & hidd5 are ! t9y qu>t]s to :i* 8 runs or subways lead t 8 family is q safe aga9/ mo/ enemies4 ,! +5uity & skill %[n 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 home entitles him to rank among ! lead+ animal m9]s & excavators4 ,! mo/ unusual ( all ! und]gr\nd & basem5t dwell]s is ! pol> be>4 ,?is wise inhabitant ( ! ,f> ,nor? has long ago le>n$ t no animal ne$s to freeze to dea? 9 ! sn[4 ,to him ! sn[ is a con/ant means ( w>m? & protection1 & z w9t] approa*es1 he seeks a position1 usually ne> a big rock1 :]e he digs out a hole ( small dim5sions1 & all[s ! sn[ to cov] 8 body4 ,/rangely en\gh x is only ! female be> t seeks ?is p]man5t sn[ hut2 ! males d n c>e to sp5d s mu* "t 9 seclusion4 ,! same is true ( ! unmat$ females4 ,b ! mat$ females always h sn[ huts 9 :i* !y give bir? to _! "y1 & :]e !y reside until e>ly spr+2 !n ! "m be> comes =? ) !m to seek food & tea* !m ! ways ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,to ,,! ,,pol> ,,be> ,,! ,,ice ,,& ,,sn[ ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,nor? ,,mean ,,w>m? ,,& ,,protection4 ,,! ,,"m ,,be> ,,digs ,,h]self ,,into ,a ,,sn[bank1 ,,:]e ,,%e ,,lives ,,q ,,com=tably ,,?r\gh\t ,,! ,,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%>p ,,claws ,,( ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,squirrel ,,are ,,efficaci\s ,,tools ,,9 ,,digg+ ,,8 ,,cosy ,,und]gr\nd ,,burr[4 ,!re is no dang] t ! be>s w /ifle = air "u ! sn[1 because ! w>m? ( _! brea? always keeps a small hole op5 at ! top ( ! sn[-cell4 ,?is sn[-h\se increases z "t goes on1 ! heat exhal$ f _! bodies gradually melt+ ! sn[4 ,(t5 ,mrs4 ,be>'s home is discov]$ by means ( ! t9y hole 9 ! ro( ar\nd :i* is collect$ quantities ( ho> fro/4 ,hib]nation is "o ( ! /range/ ph5om5a ( ! animal _w1 & be>s1 especially ! :ite be> ( ! pol> regions1 ! black be> ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! br[n be> ( ,europe1 agree 9 ! curi\s habit ( semi-hib]nation4 ,9 ! late fall ( ! season1 ! be>s beg9 to eat heavily & soon become enorm\sly fat1 prep>atory = ! long w9t] ( semi-sleep4 ,dur+ ! w9t]1 at lea/ = ?ree mon?s1 ! pol> be> takes no food1 b lives entirely ^u ! /ore ( fat :i* h] body _h accumulat$ be=e %e w5t into retirem5t4 ,! same is true ( _m hib]nat+ animals1 b 9 case ( ! be>s x is m rem>kable because ! "m be> mu/ n only support h]self b n\ri% h] "y = a long p]iod )\t tak+ any food = h]self4 ,ano!r good example ( a gr\nd-dwell] is ! a>d v>k ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,he is z curi\s z 8 "n1 & scoops out imm5se quantities ( e>? to =m 8 home4 ,?is dwell+ might be t]m$ a cave1 z he heaps up ! e>? 9 ! %ape ( a mammo? artificial ant-hill2 on "o side is ! entrance1 :i* is s skilfully =m$ t x looks f> m l ! "w ( man ?an ( an animal4 ,8 "n is ,dut* & means e>?-hog4 ,x is appli$ to him because 8 head looks some:at l t ( a pig4 ,8 claws are p[]ful & enorm\s1 & ) !m he is able to dig into ! h>de/ soil1 & to de/roy ! giant ant-hills :i* are dott$ ov] ! pla9s ( ,s\? ,africa1 & :i* c )/& ! weight ( a doz5 m54 ,?is /range creature sleeps dur+ ! day1 & comes =? at ev5+ to seek 8 food4 ,! fir/ ?+ he does is to bur/ a hole 9 ! /ony side ( an ant-hill1 to ! utt] dismay ( its t9y inhabitants4 ,z !y run among ! ru9s ( _! fall5 city1 he ?r[s out 8 slimy tongue & cat*es !m by ! hundr$s4 ,9 a %ort "t only ! %ell ( a half-de/roy$ wall rema9s4 ,^! once /ately ant-homes metamorphos$ into caves1 =m homes = ! jackals & l>ge s]p5ts ( ! pla9s4 ,! ,kaffirs ( ,africa use !m z vaults into :i* are ?r[n _! dead4 ,! a>d v>k outrivals1 ) 8 great claws1 ! mo/ skill$ burr[+ tools ( man4 ,^! animals are !re=e r>ely captur$4 ,x is n uncommon = a horse to fall into _! excavations & be kill$4 ,m9]s1 excavators1 & und]gr\nd dwell]s tea* u ! great lesson t1 :ile _m ( !m s\ght ! gr\nd z a protection1 & f\nd !re _m difficulties to ov]come1 !y n only h won 9 ! great /ruggle ( life b h s skilfully adapt$ !mselves to _! environm5t & surr\nd+s z to become entire ma/]s1 ev5 arti/s1 9 _! me?ods ( liv+4 ,,vi ,,animal ,,ma!maticians ,b :at a ?\ghtless animal is man1-- ,h[ v active 9 8 own trepan6 --,,prior4 ,among ! special s5ses ( animals none seems m human ?an _! k ( ma!matics4 ,a recognition ( ?is quality 9 animals is enc\rag+ because ! new sci5ti/s are e>ne/ly try+ to build up a true k ( animal behavi\r by /udy+ !m 9 ! light ( ! new psy*ology4 ,?is w fill ! place ( ! va/ am\nt ( mis9=mation :i* ^? skill$ only 9 book-k1 )\t really kn[+ ! ways ( ,nature1 h build$4 ,x w also record all ! /range & curi\s facts ab\t animals & _! ways )\t insi/+ too mu* on rigid explanation4 ,^! new sci5ti/s are f> diff]5t f _! pr$ecessors :o tri$ to expla9 ev]y?+ !y did n und]/& ab\t an animal's behavi\r 9 t]ms ( ! scanty in=mation ga9$ by /udy+ a few museum specim5s4 ,we might z well attempt to expla9 human nature f ! /udy ( an ,egyptian mummy4 ,! new me?od is simply to give ! facts ab\t an animal1 & frankly admit t 9 _m cases1 su* z are f\nd 9 _! k ( c\nt+ & numb]s1 we mu/ leave complete explanation to ! future :5 we %all h a great] fund ( sci5tific data on :i* to base our conclusions4 ,x is an e/abli%$ fact t "s animals c c\nt1 & t !y h ! faculty ( close obs]vation & ke5 discrim9ation4 ,!y le>n to c\nt quickly1 b !y d n fully appreciate ! value ( num]ical rotation4 ,mo/ ( ! ari?metical feats ( tra9$ animals are hoaxes regulat$ by _! s5se ( smell1 sight1 t\* & ta/e4 ,b no "o d\bts _! ability to c\nt4 ,i h kn[n a monkey t c\ld c\nt to five4 ,he play$ ) a numb] ( m>bles1 & ,i w\ld ask = two m>bles1 "o m>ble1 f\r m>bles1 z ! case might be1 & he w\ld quickly h& ! numb] reque/$4 ,ano!r incid5t t w illu/rate ! po9t is ! case ( a mule own$ by an old negro ne> ,huntsville1 ,texas4 ,! regul> r\t9e "w ( ?is mule 0 to c>t two loads ( wood to ! t[n e day4 ,"o day ! negro wi%$ to make a ?ird trip1 b 0 unable to d s4 ,:5 ask$ ! reason1 he repli$1 ,dat fool mule1 ,napoleon1 done decid$ we _h haul$ en\gh wood fo' "o day6 ,prantl claims t ! "t-s5se is totally abs5t 9 animals1 & t x belongs only to man1 z "o ( ! attributes ( 8 m5tal sup]iority4 ,h[ev]1 _m facts g to %[ t animals h n only a specific "t-s5se1 b also a s5se ( p]sonal id5tity :i* rea*es back into ! pa/4 ,"t-s5se is v highly develop$ 9 dogs1 cats1 hogs1 horses1 goats1 & %eep4 ,!y app>5tly are able to keep an accurate acc\nt ( ! days ( ! week & h\rs ( ! day & night1 & ev5 seem to "k some?+ ( num]ical succession & logical sequ5ce4 ,a fri5d 9 ,texas _h an old col\r$ s]vant1 ^: fai?ful dog _h be5 tra9$ to "k t j at noon ea* day he 0 expect$ to c>ry lun* to 8 ma/]4 ,i h se5 ! dog on m ?an "o occasion play+ ) *ildr5 9 ! /reets1 sudd5ly break away )\t any "o call+ him1 or any sugge/ion on our "p z to ! "t1 & ru% = ! kit*5 j at ! prop] mom5t4 ,no "o c\ld deta9 him f 8 duty4 ,?is same dog1 h[ev]1 w\ld on ,sundays cont9ue to play at ! noon h\r4 ,surely1 if any explanation is to be (f]$ 9 su* a case z ?is1 x w imply z /rict a s5se ( "t z x does ( duty4 ,a fri5d relates a case ( a dog t w5t ea* ev5+ to meet a tra9 on :i* 8 ma/] return$ f ! city4 ,on "o occasion ! tra9 0 delay$ two h\rs1 & x 0 exce$+ly cold1 b ! devot$ companion rema9$ until 8 ma/] arriv$4 ,innum]able in/ances ( su* all-absorb+ affection1 %[+ at ! same "t a s5se ( "t1 might be cit$4 ,dr4 ,br[n gives a mo/ rem>kable example ( a dog's ability to di/+ui% "t4 ,! /ory is ( a female dog1 ?\gh nam$ ,wylie1 :i* 0 pur*as$ by ,dr4 ,br[n :5 he 0 a "y man1 f an old %eph]d :o _h long be5 9 8 employm5t4 ,wylie 0 br\ght to 8 fa!r's1 & 0 at once tak51 he says1 to all our he>ts2 & ?\gh %e 0 (t5 p5sive1 z if ?9k+ ( h] ma/] & h] "w on ! hills1 %e made h]self at home1 & behav$ 9 all respects l a lady4444 ,"s mon?s aft] we got h]1 !re 0 a my/]y ab\t h]2 e ,tuesday ev5+ %e disappe>$2 we tri$ to wat* h]1 b 9 va92 %e 0 always (f by n9e ,p4 ,m41 & 0 away all night1 com+ back next day we>i$1 & all ov] mud1 z if %e _h travell$ f>4 ,?is w5t on = "s mon?s1 & we c\ld make no?+ ( x4 ,well1 "o day ,i 0 walk+ across ! ,grass-m>ket1 ) ,wylie at my heels1 :5 two %eph]ds />t$1 & look+ at h]1 "o said1 ',t's h]2 t's ! wond]ful wise bit* t naebody k5s4' ,i ask$ him :at he meant1 & he told me t = mon?s pa/ %e _h made h] appe>ance by ! fir/ daylight at ! 'bu*ts' or %eep-p5s 9 ! cattle-m>ket1 & work$ incessantly1 & to excell5t purpose1 9 help+ ! %eph]ds to get _! %eep & lambs 94 ,! man said 9 a sort ( transport1 ',%e's a p]fect me]acle2 flees ab\t l a spe]it1 & nev] gangs wrang2 we>s1 b nev] grups1 & beats a' oor d[gs4 ,%e's a p]fect me]acle1 & z soople z a mawk9'4' ,%e cont9u$ ?is "w until %e di$4 ,ano!r mo/ /rik+ in/ance1 %[+ animals' s5se ( "t1 is t relat$ by ,watson 9 :i* he tells ( two fri5ds1 fa!rs ( families1 "o liv+ 9 ,london & ! o!r at ,guil=d4 ,= _m ye>s x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,london family to visit _! fri5ds 9 ,guil=d1 always accompani$ by _! spaniel1 ,cs>4 ,aft] "s ye>s a misund]/&+ arose betwe5 ! two families4 ,! usual ,*ri/mas visits 7 discont9u$2 n1 h[ev]1 s f> z ! spaniel 0 conc]n$4 ,8 visits cont9u$ z be=e4 ,on ! eve ( ! fir/ ,*ri/mas foll[+ ! misund]/&+1 ! ,guil=d family 7 a/oni%$ to f9d at _! door _! ,london fri5d1 ,cs>4 ,naturally1 !y expect$ t he _h come 9 advance ( ! family1 & 7 happy 9 ! ?\ght ( ?is unexpect$ reconciliation4 ,all ev5+ !y await$ _! fri5ds1 b none arriv$4 ,nor did !y ! next day4 ,cs> _h come ( 8 own accord at ! accu/om$ "t1 & rema9$ ) 8 fri5ds = ! usual numb] ( days4 ,?is naturally l$ to a correspond5ce betwe5 ! families1 :o !reupon resum$ _! =m] fri5dly relations4 ,we d n believe1 ( c\rse1 t ?is dog c\nt$ ! exact numb] ( days to "k :5 to />t to ,guil=d1 b he d\btless saw some?+ to rem9d him ( ! pa/4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock once relat$ be=e ! ,briti% ,association at ,ab]de5 h[ c>ds be>+ ! t5 num]als 7 arrang$ be=e a dog1 & ! dog giv5 a problem1 su* z to /ate ! squ>e root ( n9e1 or ( sixte51 or ! sum ( two numb]s4 ,he w\ld !n po9t at ea* c>d 9 succession1 & ! dog w\ld b>k :5 he came to ! "r "o4 ,! dog nev] made a mi/ake4 ,if ?is 0 n evid5ce ( a m5tality at lea/ approa*+ t ( m51 we d n "k :at to call x4 ,if !re is any diff]5ce betwe5 an animal & a human ma!matician1 x dep5ds ^u special tra9+4 ,! animal nev] has ! same opportunities to le>n z ! man4 ,_m savages1 = example1 _c c\nt beyond ?ree or f\r4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock gives an anecdote ( ,mr4 ,galton1 :o comp>$ ! ari?metical k ( c]ta9 savages ( ,s\? ,africa & a dog4 ,! comp>ison prov$ to ! advantage ( ! dog4 ,!re is no reason t a dog %\ld n be taught ari?metic4 ,& if "o wi%es to d s1 x might be well to beg9 by mak+ ! dog di/+ui% "o f two1 all[+ him to t\* bo? once at ! ^w "o1 & twice at ! ^w two4 ,!n he might pass on to six or sev54 ,aft] he _h progress$ to t51 he might beg9 addition4 ,at lea/ ! exp]im5t w\ld be int]e/+ & conducive to le>n+ ! tru?4 ,surely a k ( ma!matics is no m wond]ful ?an t ( ! ord9>y po9t] dog's ability to di/+ui% diff]5t k9ds ( birds4 ,c]ta9 ( ^? wise dogs are tra9$ to hunt only quail1 :ile o!rs hunt sev]al v>ieties ( game4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t all degrees ( ari?metical aptitude are f\nd 9 ! human races1 f ! g5ius ( a ,newton & a ,laplace to ! absolute inability ( c]ta9 ( ! ,hott5tots to c\nt to ?ree4 ,^! inequalities 9 ! ma!matical notions ( diff]5t p %\ld make u v cauti\s ab\t say+ t animals _c c\nt & h no s5se ( numb]s4 ,x is extremely probable t if we _h a way ( *oos+ ^? animals ) a special gift = ari?metic1 !y w\ld surprise u ) _! le>n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,coyote ,,c ,,readily ,,di/+ui% ,,:e!r ,a ,,h]d ,,( ,,%eep ,,is ,,gu>d$ ,,by ,,"o ,,or ,,m ,,dogs1 ,,& ,,w ,,plan ,,8 ,,attack ,,accord+ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,zebu1 ,,! ,,sack$ ,,bull ,,( ,,india1 ,,9 ,,spite ,,( ,,its ,,dome/ication1 ,,has ,,an ,,agile ,,body ,,& ,a ,,quick1 ,,al]t ,,m9d4 ,no "o d5ies t animals are capable ( di/+ui%+ relative sizes & ev5 quantities4 ,!y are n s skill$ z ! av]age human be+ 9 mak+ ^! di/9ctions1 yet :5 m5tally comp>$ to ! /ate ( ,bu%m51 ,tasmanians1 & ,v$dahs1 :o c c\nt only two1 & call x _m1 !re is n su* a va/ gulf betwe5 !m & mank9d4 ,! zebu1 or sacr$ bull ( ,india1 %[s 8 ma!matical qualities to a pron\nc$ degree4 ,:5 he gr[s atta*$ to a small gr\p ( 8 k91 he w (t5 refuse to leave !m unless ! entire gr\p accompany him4 ,:5 driv5 f 8 p51 if by *ance "o ( 8 p>ty is left beh9d he refuses to g--?us indicat+ t he is able to tell t ! exact numb] is n ) him4 ,8 affectionate & g5tle disposition1 n to m5tion 8 love ( 8 (fspr+1 w\ld entitle him to rank among ! mo/ human ( animals4 ,no wond] he is wor%ipp$ 9 ,india1 :]e ! human side ( animal life is und]/ood & appreciat$ to a degree q unkn[n to ! ,we/]n _w6 ,! fox & ! wolf1 & ev5 ! coyote1 c readily di/+ui% :e!r a h]d ( %eep or cattle is gu>d$ by ?ree or f\r dogs1 & :e!r !re is "o h]dsman or two4 ,!y _c tell ! exact numb] ( %eep1 h[ev]2 nei!r c\ld a man )\t fir/ c\nt+ !m4 ,_! k ( geometry is rem>kable4 ,!y c ori5t !mselves to ! surr\nd+ woods1 measure di/ances1 figure out ! safe/ way ( escape1 & ! p[] ( ! enemy ev5 bett] ?an savage man4 ,yet 9 mo/ ( ^! problems1 def9ite notions ( numb] or figures h little "p4 ,a dog1 :5 hunt+1 = example1 on a prairie :]e he has to leap ov] dit*es or quickly turn ar\nd a l>ge tree1 is able by a second's ?\ght to d s )\t dang]4 ,he cle>s ! wire f5ce1 leaps ! dit*1 da%es ?r\gh a clos+ gate1 or escapes an infuriat$ enemy at a mom5t's notice4 ,?is natural wisdom is ex]cis$ spontane\sly 9 him1 x is ! result ( inborn !orems ( :i* he may n ev5 be aw>e1 b :i* he uses ) a sur5ess t defies ! book-le>n+ ( all our tea*]s ( ma!matics4 ,he uses spe$1 =ce1 space1 mass1 & "t ) s small an ef=t1 & by ! quicke/ & %orte/ r\tes4 ,suppose a wolf or a wild hog c\ld n tell h[ _m dogs 7 attack+ x8 ,!re w\ld be no way = x to def5d itself4 ,if f\r dogs attack x1 !y are c\nt$ & ! tactics us$ t w\ld be useless 9 o!r cases4 ,if f\r dogs attack1 two on ea* side1 x retreats1 ) face t[>d ! enemy4 ,if a doz5 dogs are 9 ! attack+ =ce1 ! hog becomes confus$1 loses all idea ( numb]1 & wildly bites at any enemy t comes ne>e/4 ,man 9 a simil> condition w\ld use practically ! same tactics4 ,cats und5iably c\nt _! kitt5s4 ,if ! "m loses "o ( ?ree or f\r1 %e se>*es = x imm$iately4 ,:5 dogs are *as+ a h>e1 if !y raise ano!r1 !y become v confus$1 z if !y did n "k :i* to foll[4 ,_m %eph]d dogs "k if a %eep is miss+ f ! flock & g to hunt x4 ,! ef=ts ( sci5tific inve/igators1 :o "w ) s _m le>n$ !ories1 h be5 less successful 9 discov]+ ! real facts ab\t animals ?an ( laym51 l>gely because ! sci5ti/s h n yet le>n$ t ari?metical notions are m difficult ?an geometrical ones4 ,our indu/rial civilisation has caus$ u to lose ! idea ( ! insignificance t numb] has 9 animal life comp>$ to ! idea ( size4 ,mo/ animals h a rem>kable s5se ( size2 !y measure "t & di/ance bett] ?an civilis$ man4 ,a hy5a1 = example1 kn[s j h[ ne> he d>e approa* an un>m$ man4 ,a s5se ( "t is common among animals t daily eat at fix$ h\rs4 ,a donkey 0 accu/om$ to be+ f$ at six o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & :5 on "o occasion 8 ma/] did n appe> on "t1 he delib]ately kick$ 9 ! door to ! b>n & proce$$ to fe$ himself4 ,animals are capable ( measur+ lapses ( "t 9 :i* !y are p>ticul>ly int]e/$4 ,h\zeau claims t a female crocodile rema9s away f h] eggs 9 ! s& = twelve to tw5ty days1 accord+ to ! species1 b returns to ! place exactly on ! day !y hat*4 ,al?\gh we %\ld hesitate to affirm t all animals h an ext5sive k ( figures & numb]s1 yet x c h>dly be d5i$ t ! elephant1 donkey1 horse1 dog1 & cat1 if giv5 ! prop] tra9+1 become good ma!maticians4 ,x is und5iable t !y h a love ( m5tal acquisition1 & x seems t ! ,creator has giv5 to e animal1 z a rew>d = its limitations 9 o!r respects1 a def9ite innate k & desire to advance educationally4 ,!re is 9 ! brea/ ( e animal an irresi/ible impulse :i* urges x to advance 9 ! scale ( k4 ,:]e ! animal is bless$ ) o!r m5tal p[]s1 !re is f\nd a p]fect h>mony--( tact1 intuition1 insight1 & g5ius--all t man himself possesses4 ,,vii ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,animals ,:o ev] knew an hone/ brute ,at law 8 neighb\rs prosecute1 ,br+ action = assault & batt]y ,or fri5ds beguile ) lies & flatt]y8 ,! fact t all animals possess ideas1 no matt] h[ small ^? ideas may be1 implies reason4 ,t ^! ideas are transmitt$ f "o animal to ano!r1 no "o c d\bt 9 ! light ( our pres5t sci5tific k4 ,be n />tl$1 says ! di/+ui%$ animal au?ority1 ,dr4 ,william ,t4 ,hornaday1 by ! discov]y t apes & monkeys h language2 = _! vocabul>y is n half s v>i$ & ext5sive z t ( ! b>ny>d f[ls1 ^: language "s ( u "k v well4 ,! means by :i* ideas are transmitt$ f "o animal to ano!r c be rightly describ$ by no o!r t]m ?an language4 ,x is evid5t t !re are _m k9ds ( language3 ! writt52 ! spok52 ! univ]sal1 :i* implies ! motion1 sign1 & =m language2 ! language ( ! eye1 by :i* ideas are ex*ang$ )\t words or ge/ures2 & la/ly1 a mode ( expression little kn[n to ! human _w1 b univ]sal among animals4 ,?is language is spok5 by no man1 b is und]/ood by e brute f ! t9ie/ h>e to ! l>ge/ elephant2 x is ! language :]eby _s communicates ) _s1 & by :i* x recognises 9 a mom5t :at x w\ld take an entire volume to n>rate4 ,9 its nature x diff]s ess5tially f all o!r languages1 yet we are ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ ( x z a language because its function is to transmit ideas f "o animal to ano!r4 ,e =m ( language is us$ by animals1 & ea* has its own peculi> language or dialect common to its tribe only1 ?\gh occasionally le>n$ by o!rs4 ,all ! emotions--fe>1 caution1 joy1 grief1 gratitude1 hope1 despair--are disclos$ by "s =m ( language4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k h[ ! use ( ! ^w dumb ev] became appli$ to animals1 = 9 reality !re are v few dumb animals4 ,d\btless ! ^w 0 orig9ally employ$ to express a l>g] idea ?an t ( dumbness1 & impli$ ! lack ( p[] 9 animals to communicate successfully ) man by s\nd or language4 ,! real tr\ble lies ) man1 :o is unable to und]/& ! language spok5 or utt]$ by ! animals4 ,! ge/ure language is commonly us$ by _m ( ! tribes ( ,s\!rn ,africa1 & "s ( ! ,bu%m5 are unable to conv]se freely aft] d>k1 because _! visible ge/ures are ne$$ z an aid to _! spok5 words4 ,only a few ye>s ago !re 7 almo/ z _m diff]5t languages among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians z !re 7 diff]5t tribes1 & yet ea* tribe _h a sign-language :i* any ,indian 9 any "p ( ! _w might und]/&4 ,9 fact x 0 s simple t x might be practically ma/]$ 9 a few h\rs1 & ?r\gh x "o might conv]se ) ! ,indians ( ! _w )\t kn[+ a s+le ^w ( _! spok5 language4 ,& ?is is exactly :at ! animals d ) _! univ]sal language4 ,:o does n und]/& ! mean+ ( a dog :5 he approa*es 8 ma/]1 aft] receiv+ a reprim& = "s misdemeanor1 ) d[nca/ head & l[]$ tail8 ,or :o c\ld fail to int]pret ! glee :5 he has done a noble de$ & be5 prais$ by 8 ma/]8 ,8 is ! language ( ge/ure & look1 & is v simil> to t 9 use by our deaf-&-dumb m5 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! ,h9doos inv>iably talk to _! elephants1 & x is a/oni%+ h[ !y und]/&4 ,bay>d ,taylor says t ! ,arabs gov]n _! camels ) a few cries1 & my associates 9 ! ,african des]ts 7 always amus$ :5ev] ,i address$ a rem>k to ! drom$>y :o 0 my prop]ty = two mon?s2 yet at ! end ( t "t ! bea/ evid5tly knew ! mean+ ( a numb] ( simple s5t5ces4 ,"s ye>s ago1 see+ ! hippopotamus 9 ,b>num's museum look+ v /olid & deject$1 ,i spoke to him 9 ,engli%1 b he did n ev5 op5 8 eyes4 ,!n ,i w5t to ! opposite corn] ( ! cage1 & said 9 ,arabic1 ',i "k y2 come "h to me4' ,i repeat$ ! words1 & !reupon he came to ! corn] :]e ,i 0 /&+1 press$ 8 huge1 unga9ly head aga9/ ! b>s ( ! cage1 & look$ 9 my face ) a t\* ( delight :ile ,i /rok$ 8 muzzle4 ,i h two or ?ree times f\nd a lion :o recognis$ ! same language1 & ! expression ( 8 eyes1 = an in/ant1 seem$ positively human4 ,e "o famili> ) ! habits ( dogs believes t !y h a language4 ,c]ta9 %eph]ds are q p>ticul> ab\t ! company _! dogs keep4 ,?is /ory is told ( a c\ple ( %eph]ds meet+ 9 a m>ket-place 9 ,scotl&1 ea* accompani$ by 8 dog1 "o ( :i* 0 a %eep-murd]]1 ! o!r a fai?ful & respectable dog4 ,!y seem$ to /rike up a great fri5d%ip1 & soon assum$ s rem>kable a demean\r 9 _! conv]sation t _! own]s consult$ toge!r on _! own acc\nt1 & agre$ to set a wat* ^u !m4 ,on t v ev5+ bo? dogs />t$ f _! homes at ! same h\r1 jo9$ ea* o!r1 & set (f aft] ! %eep4 ,x is unque/ionable t ^! dogs _h a suffici5cy ( language to und]/& ea* o!r4 ,! crim9al _h invit$ 8 innoc5t "y fri5d to jo9 him 9 8 mis*ief1 & !y agre$ ^u ! "t to meet & ea* kept 8 appo9tm5t4 ,x is likely t !re 0 n an audible s\nd utt]$ dur+ _! conv]sation1 b t !y us$ ! language ( look & ge/ure1 & :ile x 0 n und]/ood by _! ma/]s1 x 0 entirely compreh5d$ by !mselves4 ,ano!r in/ance ( can9e language is giv5 by ,john ,burr\ghs1 :o says t a c]ta9 tone 9 8 dog's b>k implies t he has f\nd a snake4 ,!re is an old maxim :i* says3 ,! empty wagon makes ! mo/ noise1 & x is int]e/+ to note t ! l\de/-m\!d & mo/ loquaci\s ( all ! animals are ! lemurs1 :o are ! lea/ intellig5t memb]s ( _! great family4 ,!y *att]1 scream1 squeak1 & grunt f morn+ till night1 & two ( !m c make m noise ?an a cageful ( apes & monkeys4 ,! orangs & *impanzees1 on ! o!r h&1 exceptionally wise & gift$ l+ui/s1 seldom utt] a ^w or cry1 except "u extraord9>y circum/ances1 & !n briefly4 ,pr(4 ,ri*>d ,l4 ,g>n]1 :o has sp5t mu* "t 9 /udy+ ! language ( animals1 has attract$ a great am\nt ( att5tion ?r\gh 8 special /udy ( ! an?ropoid apes4 ,he has liv$ among ^! animals 9 a /eel cage 9 _! native haunts & has us$ a phonograph to record _! language4 ,pr(4 ,g>n] told rec5tly ( an exceptionally intellig5t ape1 nam$ ,susie1 ^: home us$ to be at ! ,zoological ,p>k1 "u ! c>e ( ! ,zoological ,society1 & he claim$ t ,susie c\ld speak 9 h] own language at lea/ five words4 ,!y 7 yes1 no1 prote/1 satisfaction & contempt4 ,mr4 ,george ,gladd51 writ+ 9 ! ,outlook on ! *impanzee's voice1 did n exactly commit himself z to 8 belief reg>d+ ?is matt]1 b he says3 ,n[1 al?\gh ,mr4 ,engeholm 7= f\r ye>s 9 *>ge ( ! ,primates ,h\se 9 ! ,new ,york ,zoological ,p>k7 has n be5 able to discov] t 8 apes use any language1 correctly speak+1 he is confid5t t ! *impanzees ,susie1 ,dick1 & ,baldy compreh5d ! def9ite mean+ ( _m words1 & t _! m9ds react promptly :5 ^! words are address$ to !m 9 ! =m ( comm&s4 ,?is capacity is m highly develop$ 9 ,susie ?an 9 any o!r ( ! apes 9 ?is p>ticul> gr\p4444 ,x is difficult1 ( c\rse1 to det]m9e f ! comm&s :i* an animal w obey precisely h[ _m words employ$ 9 ^! comm&s are pla9ly und]/ood2 b ,i h endeav\r$ to d ?is t5tatively 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,engeholm's comm&s to ,susie1 all ( :i* ,i h se5 h] obey repeat$ly & promptly4 ,mr4 ,gladd5 enum]ates ab\t =ty-?ree comm&s :i* he claims to h se5 ,susie obey promptly4 ,& he fur!r /ates t ! belief :i* _m /ud5ts ( animal psy*ology hold t an animal gets m ( ! mean+ ( a comm& f ! ge/ure :i* accompanies ! comm& ?an he does f ! actual words by :i* he is comm&$1 is false1 & he adds1 z to ?is1 ,i c te/ify t ( ! =ty-?ree comm&s 444 ?irty-six may be1 & g5]ally are1 unaccompani$ by any ge/ure :atev]4 ,h[1 !n1 does ,susie compreh5d ^? comm&s unless ?r\gh h] und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( ! words 9 :i* !y are convey$8 ,! di/+ui%$ phr5ologi/ ,gall _h a dog ^: memory 0 rem>kable1 & he ?or\ghly und]/ood words & phrases4 ,on ?is subject ,i h made1 says ,gall1 ! foll[+ obs]vations3 ,i h (t5 spok5 int5tionally ( ?+s :i* might int]e/ my dog1 avoid+ ! m5tion ( 8 "n1 & n lett+ any ge/ure escape me :i* w\ld be likely to ar\se 8 att5tion4 ,he always exhibit$ pleasure or pa9 suitable to ! occasion1 & by 8 conduct aft]w>ds %[$ t he und]/ood p]fectly well4 ,col4 ,w4 ,campbell 9 8 ,indian ,j\rnal gives two rem>kable in/ances ( language & unity ( "w among animals :i* he saw at ,ranee ,b5nore1 :ile he 0 on a hunt+ trip4 ,he witness$1 "o morn+1 a /rik+ case ( wolfi% g5]al%ip1 :i* 9 8 belief prov$ t animals are end[$ to a c]ta9 ext5t n only ) reason b are able to communicate _! ideas to o!rs4 ,he 0 scann+ ! horizon "o morn+ to see if any game 0 9 sight :5 he discov]$ a small h]d ( antelopes fe$+ 9 a ne>by field4 ,9 ano!r remote corn] ( ! field1 hidd5 f ! antelopes1 he saw six wolves sitt+ ) _! heads close toge!r z ?\gh !y 7 9 deep conv]sation4 ,he knew at once t !y 7 also seek+ v5ison = breakfa/ & he det]m9$ to wat* !m4 ,he conceal$ himself beh9d a clump ( bu%es1 & ! wolves :o _h evid5tly already decid$ ^u _! mode ( attack began _! manoeuvres3 "o rema9$ /ation>y1 :ile ! o!r five crept to ! edge ( ! field & "o by "o took ! mo/ advantage\s positions1 ! fif? conceal+ himself 9 a deep furr[ 9 ! c5tre ( ! field4 ,! six?1 :i* _h made no previ\s movem5ts1 da%$ at ! antelopes4 ,! swift1 graceful creatures1 tru/+ 9 _! incomp>able spe$1 toss$ _! heads z if 9 disda9 ( s small an enemy & gallop$ away z ?\gh !y 7 rid+ on ! w9ds ) _! enemy f> beh9d4 ,b z soon z !y rea*$ ! edge ( ! field1 "o ( ! hid+ wolves sprang up & *as$ !m 9 an opposite direction1 :ile 8 fatigu$ accomplice lay d[n to recup]ate4 ,aga9 ! light-heel$ h]d d>t$ across ! field1 evid5tly hop+ to escape on ! opposite side1 b "h aga9 !y met ano!r crafty wolf :o *as$ !m directly t[>d ano!r ( ! pack4 ,! *ase _h begun 9 e>ne/1 ! p]secut$ antelopes 7 driv5 f place to place1 a fre% enemy spr++ up at e turn1 till at la/ !y became s t]roris$ ) fe> t !y cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! c5t] ( ! field & began runn+ ar\nd 9 dim9i%+ circles4 ,dur+ all ?is p]=mance1 ! wolf :i* 0 hidd5 9 a furr[ 9 ! c5tre ( ! field _h n mov$1 al?\gh ! antelopes _h pass$ ar\nd & ov] him doz5s ( times4 ,he well realis$ 8 "t = action _h n yet come & cr\*$ clos] & clos] await+ a signal f 8 fell[ hunt]s to spr+ into _! mid/1 & d[n "o ( ! weak5$ antelopes4 ,at ?is po9t ,col4 ,campbell %ot "o ( ! wolves1 & ! o!r five ran away & all[$ ! antelopes to escape4 ,surely no human comb9ation c\ld h %[n great] reason & conc]t$ action ?an 0 %[n by ! wolves "u su* conditions4 ,ea* _h a p>ticul> po/ assign$1 & evid5tly "s means ( communication 0 us$ 9 indicat+ _! respective locations4 ,ea* _h a def9ite "p to play 9 ! complex s*eme--s t _! language q evid5tly express$ ab/ract ideas4 ,t ^! ideas 7 c>ri$ out %[s t ! wolves 7 capable n only ( lay+ ambiti\s plans = captur+ prey1 b ( c>ry+ !m out z well4 ,t bea/s possess a language1 :i* enables !m to communicate _! ideas1 says ,?omas ,g5try1 has be5 cle>ly %[n4 ,x is j z app>5t t !y c act ^u ! ideas s convey$4 ,we h n[ to see :e!r !y c convey _! ideas to man1 & s bridge ov] ! gulf betwe5 ! high] & ! l[] be+s4 ,7 !re no means ( communicat+ ideas betwe5 man & animals1 dome/ication w\ld be impossible4 ,e "o :o has possess$ & c>$ = "s fav\rite animal mu/ h obs]v$ t !y c d s4 ,_! own language becomes1 9 _m in/ances1 intelligible to man4 ,j z a *ild t is unable to pron\nce words1 c express its mean+ by intimation1 s a dog c d ! same by its diff]5t modes ( b>k+4 ,!re is ! b>k ( joy or welcome1 :5 ! animal sees its ma/]1 or anticipates a walk ) him2 ! furi\s b>k ( ang]1 if ! dog suspects t any "o is likely to injure himself or ma/]1 & ! b>k ( t]ror :5 ! dog is sudd5ly fright5$ at some?+ :i* he _c und]/&4 ,suppos+1 n[1 t 8 ma/] c\ld n see ! dog1 b c\ld only he> 8 b>k1 w\ld he n "k p]fectly well ! ideas :i* 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! animal's m9d8 ,!re is no d\bt t animals und]/& some?+ ( our human language4 ,!y may n be able to compreh5d ! exact words us$1 b x is evid5t !y get ! mean+ to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,i once _h a small ,mexican dog s5t me f ,mexico2 he seem$ n to und]/& :at 0 said to him1 until a fri5d call$ :o spoke to him 9 ,spani%1 :]eupon he %[$ 8 delight & became at once a fri5d to ! man :o spoke 8 own language4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood tells ! foll[+ incid5t1 :i* =cibly illu/rates ! ability possess$ by animals to commune ) ea* o!r4 ,:ile ,i 0 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry ) a fri5d1 a mo/ int]e/+ incid5t 0 obs]v$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! dog4 ,my fri5d _h sev]al dogs1 ( :i* two _h a special atta*m5t to1 & an und]/&+ )1 ea* o!r4 ,! "o 0 a ,scot* t]ri]1 g5tle & ready to frat]nise ) all hone/ com]s4 ,! o!r 0 z l>ge z a ma/iff1 & look$ l a comp\nd betwe5 ! ma/iff & ! l>ge r\gh /ag-h\nd4 ,he 0 fi]ce1 & requir$ "s acqua9tance be=e y knew :at fai?fulness & k9dness lay b5ea? 8 r\gh & savage-look+ ext]ior4 ,! "o 0 gay & lively1 ! o!r1 /]n & ?\ghtful4 ,^! two dogs 7 (t5 obs]v$ to g to a c]ta9 po9t toge!r1 :5 ! small "o rema9$ beh9d at a corn] ( a l>ge field1 :ile ! ma/iff took a r\nd by ! side ( ! field1 :i* ran up-hill = ne>ly a mile1 & l$ to a wood on ! left4 ,game ab\nd$ 9 ^? di/ricts & ! object ( ! dogs' arrangem5t 0 soon se54 ,! t]ri] w\ld />t a h>e1 & *ase x up ! hill t[>ds ! l>ge wood at ! summit1 :]e !y arriv$ some:at tir$4 ,at ?is po9t1 ! l>ge dog1 :o 0 fre% & _h re/$ aft] 8 walk1 d>t$ aft] ! animal1 :i* he usually captur$4 ,!y !n ate ! h>e betwe5 !m & return$ home4 ,?is c\rse _h be5 sy/ematically c>ri$ on "s "t be=e x 0 fully und]/ood4 ,e animal has a def9ite language :i* is q suffici5t to express ! desires & emotions ( its nature1 & to make !m intelligible1 n only to its own species1 b also to o!r animals & sometimes to human be+s4 ,^? :i* d n actually speak by means ( a voice1 make signs or mimic und]/ood ?+s s z to be p]fectly intelligible4 ,if animals _h no language1 !y c\ld n in/ruct _! "y4 ,! "y ( animals 9 a civilis$ c\ntry are f> wis] ?an ! old ones 9 wild1 un9habit$ c\ntries4 ,?is c be expla9$ only by ! k :i* ! "y receive f _! p>5ts4 ,x is n uncommon = animals belong+ to widely diff]5t species to speak ! same language1 & ?us become great fri5ds4 ,a fri5d 9 ,texas once own$ a c[ ^: sole companion 0 a small black goat4 ,"o day ! "y goat foll[$ ! c[ home f h] graz+ place1 & f t "t on !y 7 con/ant companions1 ev5 occupy+ ! same /all 9 w9t]1 %>+ ! same food1 & always sleep+ ne> ea* o!r4 ,if "o %oots a monkey 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & w\nds x1 all[+ x to escape1 !re usually come droves ( its k9speople1 scream+ & *att]+ ! mo/ diabolical language1 seek+ to rev5ge ! wrong done _! tribe4 ,no?+ demon/rates pla9] t !y h a common language2 o!rwise1 h[ c\ld !y und]/& t "o ( _! numb] _h be5 w\nd$8 ,x is because ( ! communication ( ideas by a common language among animals t hunt]s s fe> to all[ a w\nd$ animal to escape at ! beg9n+ ( _! hunt+ season 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,a w\nd$ be> :o escapes1 = example1 w spoil ! entire season = hunt]s by spread+ ! al>m among 8 p4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,roosevelt',s ,,colobus4 ,,^! ,,horse-,,tail$ ,,monkeys ,,*att] ,,toge!r ,,9 ,a ,,language ,,exclusively ,,_! ,,own1 ,,yet ,,!y ,,seem ,,to ,,h ,,no ,,difficulty ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,!mselves ,,und]/ood ,,by ,,o!r ,,monkey-,,tribes4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,tam$ ,,de] ,,( ,,texas1 ,,^: ,,con/ant ,,companion ,,& ,,playmate ,,0 ,a ,,rabbit ,,dog4 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,two ,,!re ,,develop$1 ,,necess>ily1 ,a ,,common ,,language4 ,ne> our c\ntry home 9 ,texas my si/] f\nd a v "y r$ de] "o morn+ j outside ! g>d51 & br++ x into ! y>d1 soon _h a wond]ful pet 9 ?is da9ty spott$ *ild ( ! woods4 ,we knew t its "m 0 n f> away1 & s we plac$ salt & food j :]e ! baby 0 f\nd1 to attract ! "m's att5tion4 ,9 a few days1 we saw ! "m1 & %ortly aft]w>ds five gr[n de] 7 se5 eat+ ! food we _h plac$ = ! "m4 ,evid5tly ! news _h be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! p9e =e/s t x 0 safe = de] to come ne> our home4 ,my si/]'s pet grew rapidly1 & became a great fri5d ( our y>d dog4 ,!y (t5 play$ by runn+ races toge!r1 ! de] w\ld leap ov] ! f5ce & ! dog w\ld *ase him ) great delight4 ,surely1 !y mu/ h _h a spok5 common language6 ,no "o claims t 9 ! language ( animals !re are pr9ciples ( con/ruction su* z we f9d 9 ! human languages4 ,! t]m ,b>b>ian means ^? ^: language is only a b>-b>1 & ?is is really all t ! s\nd ( an unkn[n tongue impli$ to ! cultur$ ,a!nians4 ,! neigh+ ( horses1 ! h[l+ ( dogs & wolves1 ! mew+ ( cats1 ! bleat+ ( %eep1 ! l[+ ( c[s1 ! *att]+ ( monkeys & baboons is no?+ m nor less ?an _! language4 ,& x is q z intelligible to u z is ! *att]+ ( ! ,hott5tots ( ,africa4 ,because we d n speak ! languages ( our animal fri5ds does n take away f ! g5u95ess ( ! languages2 we might z well claim t because our horse does n compreh5d :at we are say+1 t we are n speak+ a language6 ,animals & m51 "u normal conditions1 h be5 fri5ds & companions s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t2 & 9 ord] t !y may convey ideas to ea* o!r1 x is necess>y = !m to h "s sort ( means ( communication4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 animal language is q (t5 intelligible to man4 ,_! language might be lik5$ to t ( a "y *ild t _c pron\nce di/9ctly ! words we commonly use2 & yet we get ! mean+ f ! intonation & ge/ure4 ,any man :o has ev] own$ a horse und]/&s ! mean+s ( 8 v>i\s actions & vocal expressions4 ,!re is ! neigh ( joy1 ^u return+ home aft] a h>d day's "w1 ! neigh ( di/ress1 :5 he has /ray$ f 8 companions1 ! neigh ( salutation t passes betwe5 two horses :5 !y meet1 & ! neigh ( t]ror :5 enemies are ne>4 ,!re is also ! neigh ( affection t is (t5 giv5 to 8 ma/] :5 !y fir/ meet 9 ! morn+4 ,?us1 spok5 words are n necess>y to express elem5tal feel+s4 ,elephants readily und]/& mo/ ( ! words utt]$ by _! ma/]s4 ,m5ault tells ( an elephant t 0 employ$ to pile up heavy logs4 ,! manag]1 suspect+ ! keep] ( /eal+ ! gra9 set aside = ! elephant1 accus$ him ( !ft1 :i* he d5i$ mo/ vehem5tly 9 ! pres5ce ( ! elephant4 ,! result 0 rem>kable4 ,! animal sudd5ly laid hold ( a l>ge wrapp] :i* ! man wore r\nd 8 wai/1 & te>+ x op51 let out "s qu>ts ( rice :i* ! fell[ _h /[$ away "u ! volum9\s cov]+4 ,animals h ! p[] to make !mselves und]/ood by man1 especially :5 !y are 9 di/ress & wi% man to help !m4 ,& !y (t5 comb9e to help "o ano!r4 ,i 0 on a %eep ran* 9 we/]n ,texas once :5 "o ( ! %eep came bleat+ up to ! camp late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,%e utt]$ ! mo/ di/ress+ calls4 ,a fri5d1 :om ,i 0 visit+1 assur$ me t some?+ unusual 0 wrong4 ,toge!r we foll[$ ! %eep back to :]e %e _h be5 fe$+ 9 ! pa/ure1 %e go+ =w>d 9 %ort spurts & cont9ually look+ back to see if we 7 com+4 ,%e f9ally l$ u to an old well1 & we he>d ! pla9tive voice ( h] "y lamb t _h fall5 94 ,z ! well _h no wat] 9 x1 & 0 only ab\t six feet deep1 we secur$ a ladd] & 9 a few m9utes ! lamb 0 re/or$ to its "m4 ,%e seem$ delight$ at ! successful outcome ( ! accid5t4 ,%e _h come & told u h] tr\bles & got aid4 ,cats are gift$ l+ui/s4 ,by mew+ !y c j z pla9ly express a desire to h a door op5$ or clos$ z if !y reque/$ x 9 s _m words4 ,a fri5d has furni%$ me ) an int]e/+ acc\nt ( h] cat's ability to make h]self und]/ood4 ,x seems t ! cat1 ) h] ?ree small kitt5s1 at "o "t slept 9 a box prep>$ = h] 9 ! kit*54 ,b "o night :5 x 0 p>ticul>ly cold1 "s "o left ! kit*5 w9d[ op51 & late 9 ! night ! cat w5t to h] mi/ress's b$ & mew$ cont9u\sly until h] mi/ress arose & w5t to ! kit*5 & clos$ ! w9d[4 ,! cat 0 p]fectly satisfi$1 z %e _h made h] great ne$ und]/ood4 ,! ability t animals h to make _! own language und]/ood by man is n ! only l+ui/ic p[] !y possess2 z already m5tion$1 !y are also capable ( und]/&+ some?+ ( human spee*4 ,!re is no d\bt t all dome/icat$ animals und]/& ! human language2 ! horse1 dog1 ox1 & %eep compreh5d a l>ge "p ( :at is said to !m1 ?\gh ( c\rse !y may n und]/& ! precise words us$4 ,i once own$ a rabbit dog1 ,nimrod1 & if he nev] und]/ood ano!r ^w ( ! ,engli% language1 !re is no d\bt t he knew :at ! ^w rabbit meant4 ,no matt] 9 :at mann] or way ,i us$ ! ^w1 ,nimrod 0 ready = a hunt1 & yelp$ ) glee at ! ?\ght ( ! *ase t he 0 to h4 ,i te/$ him ov] & ov] aga9 by say+ rabbit hunt g5tly2 x ?rill$ him ) delight1 & :ile he 0 n v well educat$ 9 o!r ?+s1 he always liv$ up to 8 "n4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood speaks ( ! great individuality ( "* :i* he has obs]v$ 9 dogs1 & t !y unque/ionably und]/& ! human language4 ,!re 0 9 my pet greyh\nd ',br5da1' !re 0 9 my de> lur*] ',smok]1' & !re is n[ 9 my de> lur*] ',b>1' & 9 my ?ree sett]s ',*ance1' ',quail1' & ',qu9ce1' a ref9em5t ( feel+ & sagacity inf9itely beyond t exi/+ 9 multitudes ( ! human race1 :e!r inhabit+ ! des]ts or ! realms ( civilisation4 ,i _c bett] def9e x ?an by say+ t1 if ,i give ^! dogs a ha/ily ang]$ ^w 9 my room1 ?\gh !y h nev] be5 beat51 !y w1 ) an expression ( ! mo/ deject$ sorr[1 g into a corn] beh9d "s *air1 s(a1 or table1 & lie !re4 ,p]haps ,i may h be5 guilty ( a ha/y rebuke to !m = jogg+ my table or elb[ :ile ,i 0 writ+1 & !n cont9u$ to write on4 ,"s "t aft]1 n hav+ se5 my companions ly+ on ! rug be=e ! fire1 ,i h rememb]$ ! circum/ance1 &1 9 a tone ( voice to :i* !y are us$1 ,i h said1 ',!re1 y are =giv54' ,9 an in/ant ! greyh\nd ,br5da w\ld fly into my lap1 & cov] me ) kisses1 h] he>t tumultu\sly beat+4 ,aft] %e grew old1 h] joy at my return home aft] a long abs5ce has at times ne>ly kill$ h]2 & :5 ,i 0 away1 ! b$ %e lov$ be/ 0 "o ( my old %oot+-jackets1 b nev] :5 ,i 0 at home4 ,! impassable gulf :i* ! writ]s ( old creat$ betwe5 mank9d & ! animal k+dom 0 bas$ ma9ly ^u ! belief t animals _h no language1 b ?is has be5 prov$ a mi/ake & no long] exi/s4 ,9 ! light ( mod]n k & a bett] und]/&+ ( ! m>vell\s !ory ( evolution1 we are ?or\ghly conv9c$ t !re is no break :atev] 9 ! long *a9 ( liv+ be+s4 ,man has no art1 has develop$ no ?+ :atev]1 no mode ( language or communication1 t is n to be f\nd 9 "s degree among animals4 ,!y are capable ( feel+ ! same emotions z human be+s1 & are !re=e subject to ! same g5]al laws ( life4 ,no sci5ce has be5 m b5eficial ?an psy*ology 9 prov+ t !y are human 9 all ways2 no discov]y made by ! human m9d is s poetical & ( su* value z t :i* leads mank9d to recognise "s "p ( himself 9 e "p ( ,nature1 ev5 9 ! language ( animals4 ,?is k ( all life is recognis$ by ?9k+ m5 ! _w ov]1 remov+ =ev] t artificial b>ri] by :i*1 9 8 ignorance & prejudice1 he has sep>at$ himself f 8 l[] bro!rs1 ! animals1 d5y+ unto !m ev5 a means ( intellig5t communication4 ,?is recognition ( ! exi/5ce ( a common language w g f> t[>d e/abli%+ ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( all liv+ creatures4 ,,viii ,,9 ,,_! ,,b\doirs1 ,,hospitals ,,& ,,*ur*es ,nev] /oops ! so>+ vulture ,on 8 qu>ry 9 ! des]t1 ,on ! sick or w\nd$ bison1 ,b ano!r vulture1 wat*+ ,f 8 high a]ial look-out1 ,sees ! d[nw>d plunge & foll[s1 ,& a ?ird pursues ! second1 ,com+ f ! invisible e!r1 ,fir/ a speck & !n a vulture ,till ! air is d>k ) p9ions4 ,_m animals %[ a surpris+ k ( m$ical & sanit>y laws1 b ^! laws v>y 9 ! diff]5t species z mu* z !y d among humans4 ,animals are divid$ into z _m classes & social ca/es z are mank9d2 & ^? t h advanc$ beyond ! nomadic life1 & h fix$ homes ) s]vants & luxuries1 naturally are m ref9$ 9 ! matt] ( _! p]sonal c>e4 ,sci5ce may yet prove t ! old leg5d ( ! m]maid sitt+ on a rock1 ) a glass & comb 9 h] h&1 0 n s f> f tru? z we imag9e4 ,no d\bt1 ! bright-ey$ seals look$ l sea-maid5s to _m anci5t m>9]s4 ,! orig9ator ( ! m]maid /ories _h possibly se5 seals mak+ _! toilettes4 ,^! beautiful & affectionate human-l creatures ( ! wat]1 we>1 atta*$ to _! front flipp]1 a h&some comb-l protub]ance4 ,:5 !y re/ on ! rocks1 !y use ?is little comb to bru% ! fur on _! faces2 & ! ,nor!rn fur-seals1 :5 ! wea!r is w>m1 use _! flipp]s z fans4 ,! secret ( tea*+ seals to play tamb\r9es is due to _! desire to comb _! fur & fan !mselves6 ,memb]s ( ! cat family are1 p]haps1 ! cleane/ ( all animals1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! opossums4 ,lions1 pan!rs1 & pumas dress !mselves v mu* z ! dome/ic cat p]=ms h] toilette4 ,!y use _! feet1 dipp$ 9 wat]1 z wa% clo?s1 & _! tongues z combs & bru%es4 ,h>es also use _! feet to wa% _! faces1 & ?is !y d v (t51 to keep _! exquisite hair 9 p]fect condition4 ,dogs enjoy wip+ _! coats aga9/ gre5 grass & %rubs4 ,c]ta9 animals are s fa/idi\s t !y h community beauty-p>l\rs6 ,goats1 de]1 giraffes1 & antelopes1 = example1 are v p>ticul> ab\t _! p]sonal neatness & cleanl9ess1 & !y come toge!r to assi/ ea* o!r 9 mak+ toilettes4 ,"o ( ! reasons t animals suff] s mu* 9 captivity1 especially :5 alone1 is t !y h no "o to help !m dress1 & "s ( !m1 su* z ! giraffe1 _c rea* all p>ts ( _! bodies4 ,i h se5 a "y gu9ea pig t _h be5 rescu$ f a mud puddle be+ clean$ by bo? ( 8 p>5ts4 ,wat]-lov+ animals1 l ! beav]s1 seem+ly take great pride 9 _! toilettes1 & 9 ?is respect !y %[ m human traits ?an any o!r animal4 ,x is a g5]al belief t animals are q c>e-free1 & t :5 !y awake 9 ! morn+ !re is no?+ = !m to d b play or w&] ab\t4 ,?is is a mi/ak5 belief1 = !y h to dress !mselves1 & ?is n only means a ba? 9 _m cases1 b a smoo?+ out ( _! fur & hair4 ,"s are %y & seek ! d>ke/ places to dress !mselves1 o!rs1 l ! dog & cat1 seek ! he>?4 ,e "o has possibly se5 a c[ & horse lick+ ea* o!r1 & x is g5]ally believ$ t ?is implies special fri5d%ip betwe5 ! two1 b ?is idea is incorrect2 x only implies mutual aid 9 mak+ _! toilettes4 ,!y h a beauty p>l\r1 & ?us aid ea* o!r4 ,9 no way are animals bett] prep>$ to tea* man ?an 9 _! me?ods ( p]sonal cleanl9ess1 & ?is means heal?4 ,_! utilisation ( clay1 du/1 mud1 wat]1 & ev5 sun%9e to keep _! heal?1 f> exce$s t ( mank9d4 ,9 fact1 man's fir/ k ( simple1 natural heal? rem$ies came f animals4 ,?is wisdom !y h acquir$ by ages ( in/9ct & reason1 = !irs has be5 ! normal life1 :]eas man's is (t5 abnormal4 ,ea* animal is 8 own speciali/4 ,h[ev]1 :5 an animal becomes too ill to doctor himself1 he is treat$ by ano!r4 ,i h se5 a horse lick+ ! w\nd ( "o ( 8 fell[s to /op ! pa94 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,wat]-,,lov+ ,,animals1 ,,l ,,! ,,beav]s1 ,,seem+ly ,,take ,,great ,,pride ,,9 ,,_! ,,toilettes4 ,,_! ,,fur ,,is ,,always ,,sleek ,,& ,,clean4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,great ,,=e/ ,,pigs ,,( ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,,l ,,! ,,common ,,dome/icat$ ,,hogs1 ,,!y ,,w ,,seek ,a ,,clay ,,ba? ,,to ,,heal ,,_! ,,w\nds4 ,animals "k bett] ?an man :at k9d ( food !y ne$1 = ! simple reason t _! ta/es are natural1 :ile man has all[$ 8 to become p]v]t$4 ,9 times ( sickness absurd practices h be5 obs]v$4 ,ice-cream & butt]milk1 = example1 7 = ages refus$ to typhoid fev] pati5ts1 :ile to-day !y are g5]ally us$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,b ! natural desire = s\r & cold ?+s 0 always 9 evid5ce2 animals h always dep5d$ ^u ^! desires4 ,among !m are skill$ dietitians1 :o re/rict _! diet 9 case ( illness1 keep quiet1 avoid all excitem5t1 seek re/ful places :]e !re is pl5ty ( fre% air & clean wat]4 ,if a dog loses 8 appetite1 he eats dog grass1 :ile a sick cat delights 9 catnip4 ,de]1 goats1 c[s1 & %eep1 :5 sick seek v>i\s m$ic9al h]bs4 ,:5 de] or cattle h rheumatism1 !y inv>iably seek a heal? resort :]e !y may ba! 9 a sulphur spr+ & dr9k ( ! heal+ m9]al wat]s4 ,!y also "k ! full value ( ly+ 9 ! w>m sun4 ,cats are skill$ physicians1 & h v>i\s home rem$ies1 su* z dipp+ a fev]i% foot into cold wat]1 or ly+ be=e a w>m fire1 if !y h a cold4 ,_m animals "k h[ to treat a sore eye--by ly+ 9 ! d>k1 & repeat$ly lick+ _! paws & plac+ !m ov] ! afflict$ memb]4 ,h[ wond]ful w\ld ! human race become1 if x _h ! /r5g? ( a lion1 ! p[] ( a be>1 ! wisdom ( an elephant1 ! clev]ness ( a fox1 & ! heal? ( ! wild bo>6 ,b ^! qualities are f\nd *iefly among ! animals because ( ! m>vell\s k ( ! laws ( heal? & self-pres]vation4 ,john ,wesley claim$1 9 8 directions on ! art ( keep+ well1 t _m ( ! m$ic9es :i* 7 us$ among ! common p ( 8 "t 7 fir/ discov]$ by wat*+ animals 9 _! m$ical practices to cure _! ills & pa9s4 ,if !y heal animals1 !y w also heal m51 he claim$4 ,! ,am]ican ,indians le>n$ mo/ ( _! cures f wat*+ animals1 especially ! cure ( su* diseases z fev]1 rheumatism1 dys5t]y1 & snake-bites4 ,a rheumatic old wolf w\ld ba! 9 ! w>m wat]s ( a sulphur spr+2 a sick & fev]i% de] w\ld eat ! fre% leaves ( heal+ f]ns1 :ile a w\nd$ hog or be> w\ld always seek a r$-clay ba? to heal ! w\nds4 ,sick dogs w inv>iably eat c]ta9 we$s1 & an unwell cat w seek heal+ m9ts & grasses4 ,old hunt]s tell u t a de] aft] hav+ be5 *as$ = sev]al h\rs by dogs1 & aft] hav+ escap$ !m by swimm+ a cold /ream1 w1 ^u rea*+ safety1 lie d[n 9 ! ice & sn[4 ,if a man did su* a ?+1 he w\ld imm$iately die4 ,b n s ) ! de]1 = he w arise ab\t e h\r & move ar\nd to ex]cise himself1 & on ! morr[ he is p]fectly well4 ,! same animal1 %ut up 9 a w>m b>n = ! night1 z has _m times be5 demon/rat$ ) circus animals1 w be dead by morn+4 ,f ?is natural me?od ( heal+1 mank9d may le>n mu*1 & especially z x p]ta9s to ! treatm5t ( extreme heat1 cold1 exhau/ion1 & p>alysis ( ! muscles1 & mo/ especially sores & w\nds4 ,i h se5 a w\nd$ hog t _h be5 badly bitt5 by a dog1 wall[ 9 ri* r$ mud to /op ! fl[ ( blood4 ,x is a common practice = a raccoon actually to amputate a diseas$ leg1 or "o t has be5 w\nd$ by a gun%ot1 & wa% ! /ub 9 cool fl[+ wat]4 ,:5 x is heal+1 he licks x ) 8 tongue to massage x1 & also to /op ! pa9 & r$uce ! swell+4 ,?is wisdom is (t5 class$ by ! unkn[+ "u ! t]m in/9ct1 :]eas x displays no less skill & k ?an t ( our mod]n surg]y4 ,! intellig5ce ( ! raccoon /&s v high 9 ! animal _w4 ,foxes1 :5 caught 9 a trap1 w v (t5 gnaw (f a limb4 ,?is requires a special p[] & a moral en]gy t few m5 possess4 ,william ,j4 ,long1 9 ! ,outlook1 tells ( an unusual pro( ( animal surg]y 9 ! case ( an old muskrat t _h cut (f bo? ( 8 =elegs1 probably at diff]5t times1 & _h gr[n v wise 9 avoid+ man-made traps1 & :5 f\nd1 _h cov]$ ! w\nd ) a /icky vegetable gum f a p9e tree4 ,an old ,indian :o lives & hunts on ,vanc\v] ,isl& told me rec5tly1 said ,mr4 ,long1 t he _h sev]al times caught beav] t _h previ\sly cut _! legs (f to escape f traps1 & t two ( !m _h cov]$ ! w\nds ?ickly ) gum1 z ! muskrat _h done4 ,la/ spr+ ! same ,indian caught a be> 9 a deadfall4 ,on ! animal's side 0 a long rip f "s o!r be>'s claw1 & ! w\nd _h be5 sme>$ ?ickly ) s(t spruce res94 ,?is la/ exp]i5ce corresponds closely ) "o ( my own4 ,i %ot a be> ye>s ago 9 nor!rn ,new ,brunswick t _h receiv$ a gun%ot w\nd1 :i* _h rak$ him badly & !n p5etrat$ ! leg4 ,he _h plugg$ ! w\nd c>efully ) clay1 evid5tly to /op ! ble$+1 & !n _h cov]$ ! brok5 sk9 ) /icky mud f ! riv]'s br9k1 to keep ! flies away f ! w\nd & give x a *ance to heal undi/urb$4 ,x is notewor?y "h t ! be> uses ei!r gum or clay indiff]5tly1 :ile ! beav] & muskrat seem to "k en\gh to avoid ! clay1 :i* w\ld be quickly wa%$ (f 9 ! wat]4 ,animals n only "k h[ to doctor !mselves :5 !y are sick1 b "s ( !m1 su* z ! fox1 h le>n$ h[ to make artificial heat by cov]+ gre5 leaves ) dirt4 ,& :ile !y d n make fire1 _! homes are (t5 heat$ 9 ?is practical way1 & ?us sickness avoid$4 ,dome/ic horses & dogs we> hats 9 summ]1 & possibly 9 ! future !y w le>n ! enorm\s importance ( we>+ clo!s6 ,tra9$ monkeys already take great delight 9 dress+ up1 & dogs l sm>t suits4 ,monkeys %[ ! greate/ int]e/ & bro!rly love :5 "o ( _! numb] is injur$4 ,watson tells ( a female monkey t 0 %ot & c>ri$ into a t5t4 ,sev]al ( h] tribe advanc$ ) frightful ge/ures1 & only /opp$ :5 met ) a gun4 ,! *ief ( ! tribe !n came =w>d1 *att]+ & remon/rat+ vigor\sly4 ,b z he came ne>]1 !re 0 e evid5ce ( grief & supplication = ! body4 ,z he 0 giv5 ! body1 he affectionately took x 9 8 arms & sl[ly mov$ to 8 companions1 & l a sil5t fun]al procession !y all walk$ away4 ,nor does _! int]e/ cease ) life1 = we are told by no less au?ority ?an ,col4 ,!odore ,roosevelt ( a l>ge grizzly be> t 0 discov]$ ly+ across ! trail 9 ! woods4 ,! hunt] %ot h] z %e 0 prep>+ to *>ge him1 & lat] he exam9$ ! spot :]e %e 0 ly+1 & f\nd t x 0 ! newly made grave ( h] cub4 ,evid5tly "s animal _h kill$ ! cub 9 h] abs5ce1 & %e1 9 h] grief1 0 det]m9$ to av5ge ! wrong by ly+ 9 wait = ! enemy4 ,public meet+s = civic c\ncil & religi\s wor%ip are n conf9$ to man alone4 ,9 ,macgrave's ,hi/ory ( ,brazil we are told ( a species ( ,s\? ,am]ican monkey kn[n z ! oura9es1 :i* ! natives call prea*]s ( ! woods4 ,^! highly intellig5t creatures assemble e morn+ & ev5+1 :5 ! lead] takes a place ap>t f ! re/ & addresses !m f 8 pulpit or plat=m1 ,hav+ tak5 8 position1 he signals to ! o!rs to be seat$1 aft] :i* he speaks to !m 9 a language l\d & rapid1 ) ! ge/ures ( a ,billy ,sunday1 ! audi5ce li/5+ 9 pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,he !n signals aga9 ) 8 paws1 :5 all cry out toge!r 9 app>5tly confus$ noises1 until ano!r signal = sil5ce comes f _! lead]4 ,!n foll[s ano!r disc\rse1 at ! close ( :i* ! assembly disp]ses4 ,macgrave attempts no explanation z to ! object ( ^! addresses2 b if 8 acc\nts be true1 surely !y mu/ h z mu* mean+ = ! monkeys z _m ( our public lectures & *ur* s]vices h = u6 ,no d\bt mu* ( ! advice imp>t$ conc]ns ! p]sonal & collective welf>e ( ! tribe memb]s4 ,,ix ,,self-,,def5ce ,,& ,,home-,,gov]nm5t ,9 ! days ( yore1 :5 ! _w 0 "y1 ,sages ( asses spoke1 & poets sung2 ,9 ,god's own book we f9d _! humble "n1 ,"s enroll$ ^u ! scroll ( fame4 ,!re is no phase ( animal life :i* is m int]e/+ ?an t ?r\gh :i* ,nature gov]ns & protects h] *ildr54 ,ea* & e species ( animal possesses ! me?od ( self-def5ce & protection be/ adapt$ to x4 ,mo/ ( ! l>g] animals are ( !mselves s p[]ful t !y ne$ no protection o!r ?an t af=d$ by _! /r5g?1 :ile mo/ ( ! weak] & less aggressive animals are provid$ ) "s special me?od ( def5ce4 ,! tig]1 lion1 pan!r1 & wolf h =midable claws & tee?2 :ile ! %>k has su* imm5se jaws t he c sev] ! head ( a goat at "o bite4 ,& mo/ ( !m are 9 reality tyrants4 ,!y rule by tyranny--! oppression ( ! weak by ! /rong1 :e!r t /r5g? be physical or m5tal1--a trait z common 9 animals z 9 man4 ,among ! animals x takes ! commone/ =m1 & !y n only oppress ! weak1 b actually kill & eat !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y (t5times are memb]s ( ! same family4 ,!y are exactly l human cannibals1 no bett] & no worse4 ,flight is p]haps ! simple/ & mo/ natural me?od ( def5ce4 ,! swift] animals1 h[ev]1 su* z de]1 gazelles1 & h>es1 :i* may easily escape by runn+ _! fa/e/1 d n always use ?is me?od1 b h o!r means s +5i\s z to be real arts4 ,wolves1 :5 !y see t !y are outnumb]$1 w sometimes escape by foll[+ ! exact tracks ( a s+le lead] ?r\gh ! sn[1 & f all appe>ances only "o has pass$ ! way ov] :i* a hundr$ may h gone4 ,h>es w sep>ate & run 9 opposite directions1 :ile gazelles1 if too closely pursu$1 w jump to "o side & lie flat on ! e>? to escape notice1 & z soon z ! enemies h pass$1 run 9 ! opposite direction4 ,x (t5times happ5s t aggressively dispos$ animals1 l c[>dly m51 are apt to try battle ) ! unlikelie/ adv]s>ies4 ,a mission>y f ,india tells ! /ory ( an alligator :o 0 enjoy+ a noonday sleep on ! bank ( a riv]1 :5 an imm5se tig] em]g$ f ! jungle1 made /raight = ! sleep+ saurian until )9 leap+ di/ance1 :5 he sprang on ! alligator's back1 & ga9$ a /rangle hold be=e ! sleep+ mon/] c\ld awake4 ,at fir/ ! tig] 0 ma/]1 = ! alligator c\ld n br+ 8 huge jaws into action1 & :ile la%+ vici\sly at ! tig] ) 8 tail1 he 0 dragg$ into ! jungle4 ,:at happ5$ !re no "o c\ld see1 b 9 a few mom5ts ! tig] da%$ out ( ! jungle & disappe>$ 9 ! cane brakes1 & ! alligator reappe>$ & crawl$ into ! wat]4 ,! ape & ! baboon are ! mo/ skill$ ( all animals 9 mak+ _! flight4 ,!y use e me?od kn[n to man1 & because ( _! swiftness ( action excel man 9 c]ta9 ways4 ,l man1 9 ! face ( dang]1 !y %[ great brav]y & nev] lose _! pres5ce ( m9d4 ,! ape is fa/ disappe>+ be=e man1 b aga9/ o!r animals & ,nature he c well protect himself4 ,he is ev5 brav] ?an ! lion1 :o 9 captivity all[s himself to be pett$1 b r>ely is ?is true ( ! ape1 & !n only :5 conditions seem insurm\ntable4 ,9 mak+ 8 escape f an enemy1 ! ape directs 8 flight 9 ! mo/ self-possess$ & human-l way1 nev] los+ 8 head1 & tak+ advantage ( ! fir/ %elt] or protection t he meets2 if ! "y1 or females1 or ag$ l+] beh9d1 a /rong army ( males bravely returns to rescue !m at ! dang] ( los+ _! own lives4 ,_m ( _! brave de$s1 if record$ 9 hi/ory1 w\ld comp>e fav\rably ) ^? ( mank9d6 ,too (t5 has a poor1 sickly ape1 :i* by 8 v feebl5ess all[$ himself to be captur$ & plac$ 9 a zoo1 be5 comp>$ to human be+s4 ,ev5 9 _s & movem5ts he has be5 consid]$ z a human c>icature & heap$ ) ridicule4 ,we h cont9ually consid]$ 8 defects1 )\t notic+ 8 bett] qualities4 ,we w\ld h a mu* high] idea ( 8 great family1 if we w\ld take a human d]elict & comp>e him to an ape rul]6 ,?is comp>ison w\ld be m j4 ,c]ta9 ( ! baboon tribes :i* live among ! rocks ( high m\nta9s & cliffs1 if pursu$ by enemies1 protect !mselves by +5i\sly roll+ imm5se /ones d[n ^u _! foes4 ,!y also hurl ) great =ce small /ones ab\t ! size ( "o's h&4 ,z ^! tribes h ea* f "o hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ memb]s1 !y con/itute a =midable gr5ade army6 ,9 addition to _! skill$ me?ods ( flight1 ! baboons1 apes1 & monkeys come next to c]ta9 ( ! cat tribes z ! greate/ fight]s 9 ! animal _w4 ,?is is a/oni%+ :5 we rememb] t ^! animals are n pr(essional w>riors1 nor d !y h to fight to obta9 _! food4 ,_! greate/ def5ce is _! quickness & p[]s ( bit+4 ,:5 !y are attack$ by a dog1 !y usually bite (f a foot or an e>1 or leave him m9us a tail6 ,"o ( ! brave/ & fi]ce/ ( fight]s is ! bull-dog4 ,?ree ( ^! animals toge!r h be5 kn[n to capture & hold a l>ge bull4 ,de]1 :5 fight+ among !mselves1 (t5 play m ?an any?+1 & are n s]i\s4 ,r$ de] seldom injure "o ano!r ) _! long antl]s1 b !y c\ld easily kill a dog or ev5 a man4 ,/ags1 h[ev]1 (t5 fight to dea?1 9 "s in/ances lock+ horns & tumbl+ ov] a precipice4 ,! mo/ +5i\s ( all ! horn$ fight]s is ! sable antelope1 ^: clev] sy/em ( self-def5ce might well be taught 9 w>-s*ools4 ,8 horns are long1 %>p-po9t$1 & b5d backw>ds4 ,:5 w\nd$1 or attack$ by wolves or dogs1 he lies d[n1 & sci5tifically cov]s 8 back by rapid f5c+ ) 8 po9t$ horns4 ,he c quickly kill any dog t attacks him 9 ?is way4 ,occasionally great battles take place betwe5 a buffalo & a lion1 or m (t5 two or ?ree lions attack a buffalo1 :o r>ely escapes !m4 ,! /r5g? ( a lion is almo/ beyond our compreh5sion :5 we rememb] t "o c actually c>ry a c[ ov] an ord9>y-siz$ f5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,goat ,,has ,,_m ,,means ,,( ,,def5ce1 ,,n ,,! ,,lea/ ,,( ,,:i* ,,is ,,8 ,,agility ,,9 ,,climb+ ,,to ,,inaccessible ,,places4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,wild ,,bo>s ,,are ,,among ,,! ,,mo/ ,,f]oci\s ,,( ,,animals4 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,_! ,,great ,,/r5g? ,,alone ,,!y ,,are ,,well ,,able ,,to ,,def5d ,,!mselves4 ,a mo/ unique fight] is ! giraffe4 ,he has nei!r claws nor %>p tee? ) :i* to def5d himself2 s1 if he gets angry ) "o ( 8 k9d1 he delib]ately uses 8 long neck l a pile driv] w\ld use a sl$ge hamm]4 ,sw++ x r\nd & r\nd1 he lets 8 head desc5d ^u 8 adv]s>y l a heavy ax6 ,! two animals use ! same k9d ( tactics1 & brac+ !mselves s z to /& ! bl[s1 !y fight until "o has to give 94 ,_! heads are furni%$ ) two small knob-l horns :i* only protect !m f ! heavy bl[s )\t s]v+ z (f5sive weapons4 ,mo/ s+ul> & amus+ ( all me?ods ( self-def5ce are ^? :i* entirely dep5d = _! effici5cy ^u bluff1 or pret5ce4 ,! *ameleon1 = example1 erects 8 snake-l hood1 ?\gh he is h>mless1 & at ! mo/ c\ld sc>cely injure ! smalle/ animal4 ,equally curi\s are ! me?ods ( skunks & polecats1 :i* project aga9/ enemies a highly disagreeable fluid4 ,passive modes ( def5ce are z _m & v>i$ z are ! active2 "o ( ! /range/ & mo/ inexplicable ( ^! is t kn[n z spontane\s amputation1 te*nically t]m$ autotomy4 ,! liz>d1 = example1 :5 captur$1 w abruptly break loose 8 tail 9 ord] to escape2 & c]ta9 wood rats1 :5 caught1 loos5 ! sk9 on _! tails & delib]ately slip away4 ,autotomy n only p]mits flight1 b also def5ds ! animal aga9/ ! mo/ adv]se conditions4 ,ne>e/ ak9 to ?is--def5ce by means ( amputation--is ! practice ( be>s & raccoons ( amputat+ _! limbs :5 caught 9 /eel traps4 ,mimicry1 :i* is treat$ "u ano!r *apt]1 comes "u ! head ( passive def5ce1 & =m & col\r play an important "p 9 x4 ,/rangely en\gh1 animals :i* h nev] resort$ to mimicry z a means ( protection1 :5 associat$ ) o!rs :o practice x1 take on ! habit !mselves4 ,?is may possibly be due to ! fact t new enemies are con/antly aris+4 ,z human %>p%oot]s dress 9 g>m5ts ( ! same col\r z ! woods 9 :i* !y hunt1 s _m animals use ?is pr9ciple ( imitation4 ,! col\r ( mo/ animals is v simil> to _! surr\nd+s4 ,?is enables !m to lie 9 wait = prey1 a practice z old z ! hillsides ) animals4 ,!y h le>n$ ! extreme value ( sil5ce1 & t !y mu/ rema9 at times motionless4 ,?is is especially noticeable ) crocodiles1 :i* wait = :ole days )\t mov+1 conceal$ 9 ! wat] or deep grass1 until _! prey comes )9 /rik+ di/ance1 :5 !y p\nce ^u x4 ,! same is true ( ! py?on snake1 :i* hangs f a tree s immovable t he appe>s l a v9e or a bran* ( ! tree4 ,if an animal attempts to pass1 he drops ^u x4 ,p]haps ! mo/ unique & successful me?od ( passive def5ce is ! feign+ ( dea?1 or play+ 'possum met ) 9 sev]al animals1 su* z ! r$ fox1 ! opossum1 occasionally ! elephant1 & sev]al ( ! snakes4 ,on _m occasions ,i h be5 'possum hunt+ 9 ! ,s\? & f\nd my dog b>k+ at an app>5tly dead 'possum4 ,z soon z ^! animals are approa*$ by l>g] & /rong] enemies1 !y drop absolutely motionless on ! gr\nd & close _! eyes z ?\gh !y 7 dead4 ,"h !y rema9 until ! enemy ei!r de/roys !m1 c>ries !m away1 or leaves !m alone4 ,if left alone = a few mom5ts1 !y imm$iately spr+ to _! feet & make _! escape4 ,elephants (t5 feign dea? :5 captur$1 9 ord] to ga9 _! lib]ty4 ,animal cat*]s tell _m int]e/+ tales ( elephants feign+ weakness f :i* !y fall to ! e>? & lat] app>5tly die4 ,9 _m in/ances ! fa/5+s are remov$ f _! legs & head & ! c>cass is ab&on$ z useless1 :5 to ! utt] a/oni%m5t ( all--be=e ! captors get out ( sight--! animal spr+s up & da%es away to ! =e/1 scream+ ) joy at ! triumph ( its deception4 ,_m animals delib]ately assume a frightful1 t]rify+ or grotesque appe>ance4 ,?is !y d by inflat+ _! bodies1 by erect+ hair1 sk91 or folds1 or by unusual poses4 ,d>w9 speaks ( ! hiss+ ( c]ta9 snakes1 ! rattle ( ! rattle-snake1 ! grat+ ( ! scales ( ! e*is1 ea* ( :i* s]ves to fright5 or t]rify ! enemy4 ,bluff+ is ano!r =m ( def5ce t _m animals use4 ,! cobra1 = example1 :5 di/urb$1 raises its imm5se hood 9 a mo/ t]rify+ attitude6 ,_m ( ! liz>ds use ! same tactics2 :ile ! horn$ toads ( ,am]ica :5 di/urb$ actually eject blood f _! eyes4 ,e "o is famili> ) ! cat's habit ( rais+ ! fur on 8 back :5 mole/$ by a dog4 ,all bluff+ animals1 :5 9 dang]1 try to assume a pose t w make !m look mo/ dang]\s & impressive to _! enemies1 & !re is little d\bt t 9 mo/ cases !y succe$ v well1 = we h all se5 a dog sl9k away f a m5ac+ cat4 ,! elk or moose1 ^: home is 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,am]ica & ,europe1 is a p[]ful & l>ge animal1 sometimes sev5 feet 9 height1 & is able to endure mu* cold4 ,he has _m enemies among animals & mank9d1 & dur+ ! summ] season he is q able to protect himself1 b 9 w9t] !re is consid]able dang] f hordes ( wolves4 ,?is is especially true j aft] a heavy sn[/orm1 if ! sn[ is wet & melt+4 ,:5 x is dry & froz51 he c travel ov] x ) great spe$1 & ?is he does by a mo/ unusual trot :i* c>ries him along mu* fa/] ?an ! trott+ gait ( a horse4 ,?us he is able to escape ! hungry1 c>nivor\s wolves1 ^: c\rage increases ) appetite4 ,if cr[d$ too close1 he is able also to protect himself by ! mo/ t]rific bl[s ( 8 =e-feet4 ,b :5 ! spr+ wea!r sets 91 & ! sn[s beg9 to melt und]nea?1 leav+ ! upp] cru/ suffici5tly /rong to support ! weight ( light] & small] animals1 su* z wolves1 especially :5 !y travel swiftly1 he is 9 great dang]4 ,= ) e /ep he s9ks to ! belly 9 ! sn[1 :ile 8 enemies c walk "r up to 8 head & %\ld]s )\t 8 be+ able to /rike or paw !m ) 8 dang]\s ho(s4 ,! advantage seems to be ) ! wolves1 & if ev] !y br+ ! moose to bay 9 ! sn[1 8 life is doom$4 ,= !y c>e little = 8 arr[-l horns1 b boldly jump at 8 ?roat & kill him4 ,h]e9 comes ! elk's wisdom--he delib]ately sets to "w1 be=e ! sn[ melts1 & builds = himself & family an elk-y>d1 :i* is no?+ m ?an a l>ge space ( gr\nd on :i* ! sn[ is smoo!d or trampl$ d[n until x becomes a h>d surface on :i* he c walk2 x is also surr\nd$ by a high wall ( sn[1 ?r\gh :i* are c]ta9 exits t all[ him to pass out1 if he desires4 ,all ! enclos$ space is n smoo!d d[n1 b p>ts ( x only are cut up into roads ?r\gh :i* he may pass v swiftly4 ,woe unto ! d>+ wolves t ent] 8 sn[y =tification--8 ,no ,man's ,l&--- = sure dea? awaits !m6 ,a s5se ( law1 ord]1 gov]nm5t2 ! sacr$ness ( family ties--all ^! aid 9 ! protection ( animals4 ,family life ) !m orig9at$ j z x did 9 ! human _w4 ,! social in/9ct & ! moral s5tim5ts :i* arise f social relations 9 man & animal are ! same4 ,moral obligations1 especially 9 relation to family ties & conjugal unions ( animals1 are 9 _m cases sacr$ b9d]s to su* ties4 ,! be>1 = example1 is prov]bial = 8 conjugal fai?fulness4 ,! m>ri$ life ( mo/ animals is /rictly moral1 & mo/ ( !m are monogami/s & h rea*$ ! highe/ =m ( family association & life4 ,9 ^? places :]e !y live promiscu\sly1 x gives !m ! same protection 9 h]ds z x does among our l[] savages4 ,cattle1 %eep1 & horses unite = mutual protection2 wolves b& toge!r 9 packs2 & aft] !y h be5 dome/icat$ !re is /ill n only a /rong desire to b& toge!r = social purposes1 b also to hold c\rts ( ju/ice4 ,x sometimes happ5s t an ang]$ husb& takes ! law 9 8 h&s1 l uncivilis$ m51 & beats 8 wife4 ,9 ! developm5t & organisation ( social & civil life ! horse & ! goat hold ! =emo/ position4 ,x corresponds to t ( man among ! l[] animals4 ,!y d n believe 9 mon>*ies1 b /rictly 9 republics1 or r1 a democracy :]e all p[] comes f ! work+ class4 ,! claims ( ! work+ class to ! ex]cise ( supreme control 9 all political affairs are practically realis$4 ,among a h]d ( wild ,arabian horses1 ! lead+ /allion1 or s-call$ k+1 is really only ! fa!r ( ! tribe2 8 functions are pat]nal r ?an regal4 ,if he may be said to reign 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ! true work]s rule1 & 8 sc\ts & s5t9els obey 8 wi%es :i* ! work]s h influ5c$ & =mulat$4 ,! exi/5ce ( b "o k+ leaves no room = dyna/ic tr\bles & rivalries :i* di/urb1 s (t51 our human c\ntries & empires ) su* dreadful results4 ,if two rival k+s arise at ! same "t 9 a h]d ( horses1 in/ead ( =m+ factions 9 ! /ate :i* end 9 civil w>1 !y fight x out p]sonally until "o ( !m is kill$ or defeat$4 ,once 9 a great :ile ! o!r horses int]v5e1 & drive ! less desirable1 or ! false-claimant ( p[]1 away f ! h]d & its graz+ t]ritory4 ,9 ^! tr\bles ! real k+ has little or no p[]1 all activities are c>ri$ on by ! work]s4 ,if by *ance he dies or is captur$1 ano!r k+1 *os5 by ! h]d1 imm$iately assumes ! k+%ip4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t if ! k+ ( a h]d ( wild horses is caught1 x is n uncommon = 8 h]d to rema9 z ne> him z possible1 & 9 _! attempt to release him are (t5 trapp$ !mselves4 ,! k+ has no heirs1 ei!r app>5t or presumptive1 & no "r ( succession is recognis$4 ,any memb] ( ! h]d1 provid$ ! work]s *oose him1 may become ! k+1 z e ,am]ican s*ool boy is a possible presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,among _m animals !re is a p]fect social & indu/rial organisation 9 :i* ! division ( lab\r is f> bett] adju/$ ?an 9 _m human organisations4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! result ( gradual gr[? & evolution j z x is 9 ! human species4 ,?is c easily be prov$ among animals by _! m primitive & savage habits4 ,monkeys1 = example1 9 civilis$ monkey communities1 diff] v greatly f ^? ( wild] & less tra9$ di/ricts4 ,!y are con/antly *ang+ _! habits1 becom+ m & m civilis$ by improv+ _! me?ods ( "w & _! moral & religi\s life z well4 ,9 _m cases !y h ceas$ to kill memb]s ( _! own tribe = small (f5ces = :i* !y us$ to kill1 & ! cleanness & beauty ( _! home lives seem to increase ) ! ye>s4 ,x (t5times happ5s1 h[ev]1 t p[]ful ape & baboon colonies relapse into b>b>ism1 & roam1 plund]1 rob & murd]1 l a pack ( uncivilis$ wolves or hy5as4 ,!y seem all at once to =get _! peaceful indu/ries & lose all desire = clean & "r liv+4 ,& /rangely en\gh1 :5 !y once turn bad1 !y seldom re=m4 ,"s naturali/s believe t !y are l$ a/ray by a wick$ k+ or rul] :o comes into p[]2 ! natives believe ! evil spirits h sudd5ly tak5 possession ( !m4 ,!re is unque/ionably1 9 ! life ( _m tribal animals1 a def9ite hi/orical connection betwe5 ! "m tribe & its colonies4 ,?is relation ext5ds to ! tribes ( tribes1 & ?us !re is an int]national relation%ip betwe5 ! v>i\s memb]s ( a l>ge numb] ( tribes4 ,^! communities %>e ! same likes1 dislikes1 hatr$s1 & aspirations4 ,a mission>y fri5d told ( 8 exp]i5ce ) monkey folk1 & h[ once1 :5 hunt+1 8 gun 0 accid5tally dis*>g$1 in/antly w\nd+ a l>ge semi-tame baboon ne> 8 home4 ,he ha/5$ to help ! injur$ animal1 b saw t ! relatives _h cr[d$ ar\nd & 7 t]roris$1 z !y ?\ght x 0 int5tional4 ,!y n only foll[$ him to 8 home1 b return$ 9 ! night & actually tore 8 f5ce d[n4 ,= mon?s he 0 afraid to leave 8 wife alone dur+ ! day4 ,& ! natives report$ t l>ge tribes ( monkey folk imm$iately came into ! community f remot] regions & 7 di/9ctly on ! w> pa?4 ,x 0 evid5t t _! unju/ antipa?y 0 ext5d$ to all ! k9speople4 ,?is is evid5ce ( h]$it>y enmity1 su* z is common among families1 tribes1 & clans1 & x (t5 takes ! =m ( feuds1 :i* are /ill 9 vogue 9 ! m\nta9\s c\nties ( ! ,s\?4 ,! baboons _h suff]$ wrongs & nev] =got x1 & x 0 transmitt$ to _! (fspr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,brontosaurus4 ,,! ,,animals ,,t ,,seem$ ,,be/ ,,equipp$ ,,to ,,def5d ,,!mselves ,,are ,,! ,,ones ,,t1 ,,?\s&s ,,( ,,ye>s ,,ago1 ,,became ,,ext9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,prehi/oric ,,mon/] ,,0 ,,equipp$ ,,n ,,only ,,) ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,/rong ,,horns1 ,,b ,,) ,a ,,%ield ,,back ,,( ,,!m ,,z ,,well4 ,! ability to use weapons1 tools1 & w> in/rum5ts is n exclusively human4 ,ev5 fi% are capable ( rea*+ _! prey at a long di/ance4 ,! toxotes jaculator1 :i* lives 9 ! riv]s ( ,india1 & fe$s ^u insects1 _c af=d to wait until ! insects :i* ?rive ^u ! leaves ( aquatic plants fall into ! wat]4 ,s z he _c leap high en\gh to cat* !m1 he fills 8 m\? ) wat] & squirts x at an insect ) su* aim & =ce t he r>ely fails to knock ! insect into ! wat] :]e he c easily cat* x4 ,_m o!r animals squirt v>i\s liquids1 occasionally 9 attack1 b mo/ times 9 def5ce4 ,! fi% makes a v]itable squirt-gun ( 8 m\?4 ,beav]s use /icks1 *ips1 & ev5 /ones 9 build+ _! dams2 & _! eng9e]+ abilities are a/\nd+4 ,!y are also capable ( meet+ em]g5cies1 z %[n by ! foll[+ incid5t4 ,a f>m] 9 ,mi*igan discov]$ "o morn+1 j aft] a flood1 t all 8 potato sacks1 :i* _h be5 hung on a back f5ce to dry1 _h sudd5ly disappe>$4 ,a few days lat] he f\nd !m 9 a ne>by beav]s' colony1 us$ 9 rebuild+ _! dam1 :i* _h sudd5ly ov]fl[$4 ,! beav]s wa/$ no "t1 :5 !y discov]$ _! dang]1 9 meet+ ! em]g5cy by us+ ! sacks to prev5t ! de/ruction ( _! home4 ,monkeys make skill$ use ( clubs & /ones 9 captur+ _! prey & fight+ _! enemies4 ,! skill ) :i* "s ( !m ?r[ pebbles w\ld lead u to believe !y h already rea*$ ! degree ( civilisation t _m tribes ( savages _h rea*$ only a few ye>s ago1 :5 !y le>n$ to use ! boom]ang & lasso4 ,"s naturali/s claim t monkeys actually set pitfalls = _! enemies & lie 9 wait = !m to be caught1 j z a hunt] w\ld d4 ,elephants also "k ! value ( clubs 9 w>f>e1 & w (t5 use a brok5 limb ( a dead tree z a weapon ( def5ce4 ,! /ory is told & v\*$ = by ,mr4 ,william ,b4 ,smi? t on 8 f>m1 ne> ,m\nt ,look\t1 a few ye>s ago a donkey graz$ 9 ! same pa/ure ) a f]oci\s bull4 ,he 0 frequ5tly attack$ by ! bull1 & always got ! wor/ ( ! fight4 ,8 feet 7 no mat* = ! bull's horns1 b "o day ! mule grabb$ a long pole 9 8 m\?1 &1 :irl+ x ab\t1 almo/ kill$ ! bull1 & h5ce=? ! two liv$ on ! be/ ( t]ms 9 ! same pa/ure4 ,i h a fri5d :o owns a c[ t kn[s exactly h[ to lift an iron lat* to ! b>n door ) h] tongue & op5 ! door4 ,innum]able times %e has op5$ a gate 9 ! same way to p]mit h] calf to g free ) h]4 ,s skill$ is %e 9 ! manipulation ( doors & lat*es t we are tempt$ to believe 9 "s previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce %e 0 a pr(essional lock-pick]6 ,cats & dogs are fam$ = _! ability to op5 doors by pull+ lat*-/r+s4 ,& n a few cats %[ a /rong desire to /udy music by walk+ up & d[n ! keybo>d ( a piano6 ,monkeys :o live ne> ! sea%ore %[ wond]ful aptness 9 op5+ oy/]s & %ell-fi% ) %>p /ones1 exactly z a man w\ld d4 ,monkeys h already rea*$ ! degree ( civilization :]e !y select ! /ones be/ suit$ = _! "w1 & f _! progress 9 ! pa/ x is reasonable to believe t 9 ! ne> future !y w n only be able to make _! own tools--?us plac+ !mselves on a m5tal foot+ ) our fl9t-*ipp+ ance/ors ( ! e>ly /one age1--b w also le>n ! use ( fire & ev5tually ! use ( guns & ammunition1 :i* m>ks "o ( ! mo/ important epo*s 9 ! evolution ( ! human species4 ,! *impanzees1 gorillas1 & apes ( ! ,african =e/s h _m times be5 obs]v$ 9 ! act ( pil+ bru%wood ^u ! fires left by travell]s1 & ?\gh !y d n "k h[ to k9dle a fire1 !y h le>n$ h[ to keep x burn+4 ,! tame ones soon le>n h[ to ignite mat*es1 & (t5 d great h>m by />t+ =e/ fires4 ,b !y %[ q z mu* intellig5ce ab\t ! use ( fire z ! av]age small *ild4 ,9 fact1 x has be5 ?\ght by a numb] ( great s*ol>s t man _h n yet made 8 appe>ance ^u ! e>? 9 ! mioc5e age1 & t all ! m>vell\s *ipp$ fl9ts ( t age belong to semi-human pi!coid apes ( wond]ful intellig5ce4 ,!re is surely no?+ 9 ! facts ( natural hi/ory1 nor 9 ,d>w9's !ory ( evolution1 t makes su* a supposition unbelievable4 ,baboons use poles z lev]s1 /ones z hamm]s1 & seem to und]/& ! m simple me*anical devices4 ,prantl claims t man is ! only animal capable ( us+ fire b n a few baboons "k h[ to /rike a mat*1 heap dri$ leaves ov] ! blaze to make x burn1 & !n heap on dead wood to fe$ ! fire4 ,?is k ) !m1 exactly z ) primitive peoples1 is a product ( long exp]i5ce & does n %[ any ma!matical tru?s or pr9ciples any m ?an mak+ a direct cut across a field implies k ( ! relation ( a hypo!nuse to ! two o!r sides ( a "r-angl$ triangle4 ,?is is :at ,prantl calls spontane\s ma!matical ?9k+4 ,i knew ( a tame ape 9 ,*icago t le>n$ to sw+ f ! end ( a clo!s-l9e & seem$ to enjoy x v mu*4 ,! l9e 0 j ! "r l5g? & prop]ly hung s z to all[ ! ape to sw+ out f a kit*5 w9d[ & t\* ! gr\nd4 ,j = fun1 "s "o cut a piece f ! l9e s t he c\ld n rea* ! gr\nd2 imm$iately ! ape hunt$ ano!r piece ( cord1 ty+ x to ! end ( 8 l9e s z to increase its l5g?1 & mu* to 8 delight1 cont9u$ to sw+ on ! l9e4 ,! di/9ctive features ( animal protection & home gov]nm5t1 especially 9 ! high] gr\ps1 may comp>e fav\rably ) any ( ! me?ods us$ by civilis$ man4 ,?is is true bo? ( _! (f5sive & def5sive contrivances & = _! mon>*ies & republics4 ,!y use %ells1 scales1 plates ( e k9d1 ) innum]able modifications = v>i\s purposes--sp9es & alli$ armam5ts--all %apes & sizes2 poison\s secretions1 deadly od\rs1 /rong claws & tee? wield$ by /rong muscles1 & =m colonies t are m ?an a greg>i\s association4 ,9 mo/ cases1 !y h communities compos$ ( individuals liv+ individual lives1 yet :i* act 9 cases ( ne$ z "o unit4 ,x ,,animal ,,ar*itects1 ,,eng9e]s1 ,,& ,,h\se ,,build]s ,! he>t is h>d t is n pleas$ ,) sight ( animals enjoy+ life1 ,nor feels _! happ9ess augm5t 8 own4 ,! mo/ popul> & p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ dep>tm5t ( natural-hi/ory /udy is t :i* treats ( ! mann] 9 :i* animals utilise ! v>i\s mat]ials ( ! univ]se = purposes ( protection1 = w> & def5ce1 = raim5t1 food1 & ev5 ! luxuries ( life4 ,man1 by 8 sup]ior p[] ( adaptation1 excels ! l[] animals 9 provid+ = ! com=ts ( life2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 9 su* practical arts z eng9e]+ & dome/ic ar*itecture man frequ5tly f9ds himself an amateur 9 comp>ison4 ,) all man's inv5tions he has n be5 able to equal "s ( ! rem>kable results produc$ by "s animals4 ,! beav]1 = example1 %[s a m pr(\nd k ( hydraulics ?an man himself4 ,! p[] possess$ by ^! craftsm51 n only 9 fell+ trees1 b 9 duly select+ ! be/ places = mak+ homes & 9 appropriat+ sub/ances suitable = _! ne$s1 is a nev]-end+ m>vel6 ,n[h]e c we f9d a great] animal-workman ?an ! beav]4 ,he belongs to ! great burr[+ family1 & is also extremely graceful 9 ! wat]4 ,long ago he le>n$ ! advantages ( co-op]ation1 & he unites ) 8 fell[s 9 build+ dams ( fell$ trees1 :i* h be5 cut up into suitable l5g? = use 9 damm+ up wat] places4 ,^! are skilfully plac$1 & ) ! aid ( mud1 control ! level ( ! wat] 9 select$ places z effici5tly z man c\ld d4 ,z a social animal1 ! beav] %\ld be rank$ among ! fir/2 ( c\rse1 ! v>i\s m>mots are extremely sociable1 b !y ord9>ily live q indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 except 9 cases :]e !y *ance to congregate because ( fav\rable conditions4 ,! beav]s1 on ! o!r h&1 ?or\ghly und]/& ! b5efits ( unit$ lab\r1 & "w toge!r = ! good ( ! community4 ,beav]s1 if _! skill 7 g5]ally kn[n1 w\ld h a great reputation among _! human fri5ds4 ,rec5tly1 at ! ,new ,york ,zoological ,g>d5s1 a visitor 0 po9t+ out diff]5t animals to 8 little son1 & :5 he came to ! beav] pond1 ref]r$ to two ( ^! dam-build]s & tree-cutt]s1 :i* 7 swimm+ ?r\gh ! wat] ) l>ge /icks 9 _! m\?s1 z big rats6 ,"y beav]s make _! appe>ance 9 ,may1 & !re are usually f f\r to eight to a family4 ,^! kitt5s1 z !y are call$1 are odd look+ little fell[s1 ) big heads1 l>ge %>p tee?1 flat tails1 l little fat paddles1 & delicate1 s(t1 m\se-l fur1 n at all co>se l t ( _! p>5ts4 ,if tak5 at an e>ly age !y make nice pets & are easily dome/icat$4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,am]ican hi/ory x 0 n uncommon to see "o runn+ ar\nd an ,indian lodge1 play+ l a *ild ) ! little ,indians1 & frequ5tly receiv+ ) ! papoose n\ri%m5t f ! "m's brea/4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! cry ( ! "y beav] is exactly l t ( ! baby *ild4 ,"o ( my fri5ds 9 ,mi*igan rec5tly /opp$ at an ,indian's h\se to see a real live baby beav]4 ,he cry all same z papoose1 rem>k$ ! squaw1 z %e br\ght ! "y beav] out ( ! h\se1 giv+ him a little slap to />t him cry+--& cry he did6 ,! body ( a gr[n beav] is usually ab\t ?irty in*es long1 & some?+ ov] elev5 in*es wide2 x weighs ab\t sixty p\nds4 ,! =e-paws are q small 9 comp>ison ) ! re/ ( ! body2 ! h9d feet are l>g]1 webb$ l a duck's feet1 & are ! pr9cipal motive p[] 9 swimm+4 ,! mo/ unique feature ( ! animal's body is ! fam\s mud-pla/]+ tail1 :i* is (t-times a foot long1 five in*es 9 wid?1 & an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,! col\r ( ! beav] v>ies2 !re are black beav]s1 :ite beav]s1 & br[n beav]s4 ,! black are ! be/ kn[n4 ,! beav] is well equipp$ = def5d+ himself1 & = c>ry+ out 8 ar*itectural s*emes4 ,8 jet black tail1 :i* is l a l>ge paddle1 cov]$ ) horny scales1 he uses 9 _m ways4 ,) x he turns ! body 9 any desir$ direction :ile swimm+ & div+1 &1 9 "t ( dang]1 employs x z a s\nd bo>d1 or paddle4 ,:5 al>m$ at night1 he dives into ! wat]1 &1 by means ( 8 tail1 spla%es s viol5tly z to give w>n+ to all beav]s )9 a half-mile di/ance4 ,! /roke ( ! tail s\nds n unlike a pi/ol %ot4 ,z soon z a beav] s\nds ! al>m all o!rs dive und]nea? ! wat]4 ,8 tee? are expressly suit$ by nature = cutt+ & *isell+ out trees4 ,! dam is ! beav]'s ma/]piece4 ,9 ! ald] or bir* swamps1 :]e he usually lives1 he (t-times builds f six to eight little dams f knoll to knoll1 & 9 ?is way makes a pond suffici5tly l>ge = 8 purposes4 ,! av]age beav] dam is f tw5ty to ?irty feet long2 b !y diff] greatly 9 size4 ,!re is "o on a bran* ( ,arnold's ,riv] 9 ,canada1 :]e ! /ream is tw5ty-"o feet wide & two feet deep1 :i* is especially well built4 ,! dam is sev5 feet high1 & rises five to six feet above ! pool4 ,x is con/ruct$ ma9ly ( ald] poles1 :i* are arrang$ side by side1 & _! l5g? is p>allel ) ! direction ( ! curr5t4 ,to create a pond = himself & provide aga9/ dr\ght is ! *ief aim ( ! beav] 9 build+ 8 dam4 ,j h[ ^! dams are built2 :o plans ! job2 :o sees t x is c>ri$ out2 :e!r ea* works "u 8 own impulse or :e!r !y co-op]ate2 :5 !y beg9 & h[ !y f9i%2 all ^! ?+s are unkn[n to man4 ,! inve/igation ( su* que/ions is almo/ impossible4 ,x is g5]ally believ$1 h[ev]1 t beav]s "w 9 gangs "u a common boss or ov]se]1 & x is a kn[n fact t !y "w only at night4 ,dur+ a d>k1 ra9y night !y accompli% twice z mu* z on a moonlight night4 ,no d\bt ! d>kness gives !m a s5se ( security :i* aids _! "w4 ,anyway1 9 ! complet$ job1 we see ! evid5ces ( a skill$ eng9e] & ar*itect1 & "o :o knew ?or\ghly :at he 0 ab\t4 ,! size ( a dam dep5ds entirely ^u ! wi%es ( its build]s & location & g5]al conditions ( l& & wat]4 ,sometimes ! m ambiti\s beav]s build a dam a qu>t] ( a mile 9 l5g?4 ,!y employ exactly ! same pr9ciple z is us$ 9 mak+ a mill-dam4 ,beav]s1 h[ev]1 7 build+ dams long be=e mill]s came into exi/5ce1 & _! me?ods are fully z sci5tific z ^? ( man4 ,mill-dams usually run /raight across a /ream1 :ile beav]-dams are s curv$ t ! wat] is g5tly turn$ to ea* side4 ,9 ?is way ! beav]-dams are capable ( resi/+ imm5se quantities ( wat] :i* 9 its impetu\s ru% w\ld c>ry away ! ord9>y mill-dam4 ,_m sci5tific ?9k]s claim t ! beav] employs ?is pr9ciple ( con/ruction )\t kn[+ x4 ,h[ absurd6 ,:o c be sure t he doesn't "k x8 ,sci5ti/s ( ! old s*ool desire pro( be=e !y w accept any?+ z a fact1 yet !y !mselves repeat$ly make wild /atem5ts )\t prop] sub/antiation4 ,x is n unusual = a beav] family to select a home on ! bank ( a pond1 lake1 or /ream ^: wat]s are suffici5tly deep & abundant = all _! ne$s4 ,9 su* a case dams are n ne$$1 & regulation beav] h\ses are r>ely con/ruct$4 ,in/ead1 ap>tm5t h\ses are holl[$ out f ! banks4 ,b 9 ! ease ( a t[n-site on %all[1 n>r[ wat]s1 dams are absolutely necess>y to insure suffici5t dep? to conceal ! beav]s1 & to prev5t ob/ruction by ice4 ,! entrance to ! beav]'s home is almo/ always "u ! wat]4 ,?is arrangem5t safegu>ds ! home f pr$atory enemies4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 beav]s are incl9$ to live alone1 except :5 a new home occupies _! att5tion2 b :5 autumn comes1 ! v>i\s families ( a neighb\rhood meet & rema9 toge!r ?r\gh ! foll[+ spr+4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,augu/ ! busy season beg9s1 & ea* & e beav]1 old & "y1 aids 9 repair+ ! dam & dwell+s1 :i* h be5 all[$ to fall into decay4 ,! cutt+ & fell+ ( trees is ! fir/ important "w to be done4 ,^! int]e/+ tree-cutt]s usually "w 9 pairs1 & are sometimes assi/$ by y\ng] beav]s2 ?us ! family works toge!r 9 cutt+ & fell+ ! trees1 b 9 o!r =ms ( lab\r x seems t sev]al families "w toge!r4 ,if only two are engag$ 9 fell+ a tree1 !y "w by turns1 & alt]nately keep gu>d2 ?is is a well-kn[n practice ( _m animals bo? 9 "w & play4 ,z soon z ! tree beg9s to b5d & crack1 !y cease cutt+ & make sure ( _! def9ite direction ( escape1 !n !y cont9ue to gnaw until x beg9s to fall1 :]eupon !y plunge into ! /ream1 usually1 :]e !y rema9 = "s "t le/ ! noise ( ! fall+ tree attract ! att5tion ( enemies4 ,_! next "w is to cut up ! tree into sections :i* !y c remove4 ,if ! tree is n too l>ge & has already fall5 9 ! wat]1 !y take x z x is1 o!rwise x mu/ be cut up & convey$ to ! dam4 ,no pr(essional lumb]man bett] und]/&s h[ to transport lumb] to a desir$ place ?an beav]s4 ,!y realise ! value ( wat] transportation & ?or\ghly appreciate t trees c only be remov$ d[nhill4 ,f tame beav]s we h le>n$ t !y remove small] limbs by seiz+ !m ) _! tee?1 ?r[+ ! loose end ov] _! %\ld]1 & !n dragg+ !m to _! de/9ation4 ,^! wat]-lov+ animals rely ma9ly ^u _! native elem5t = ! movem5t ( lumb] & food1 & to aid ?is !y employ eng9e]+ skill t is rivall$ only by _! feats ( tree-cutt+ & dam-build+4 ,?is con/ructive faculty is %[n l>gely 9 _! canal-digg+4 ,f "o small /ream to ano!r1 or f "o lake to ano!r1 !y excavate canals f ?ree to f\r feet 9 wid?1 ) a wat] dep? ( two feet1 & occasionally "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,! am\nt ( lab\r !y p]=m is almo/ unbelievable2 e p>ticle ( dirt is c>ri$ away betwe5 _! *9 & =e-paws4 ,?is e>? is sometimes us$ 9 pla/]+ up a ne>by dam or repair+ _! w9t] home4 ,small & t5d] twigs are transport$ to ! vic9ity ( _! lodges1 & !n sunk = w9t] food4 ,mr4 ,morgan has made a close /udy ( ^! canals1 & 9 speak+ ( !m he says t :5 he fir/ saw !m1 & he>d !m call$ canals1 he d\bt$ _! artificial orig92 b ^u exam9ation he f\nd t !y 7 unque/ionably beav] excavations4 ,he consid]s ^! artificial canals1 by means ( :i* ! beav]s c>ry _! wood to _! lodges1 ! supreme act ( intellig5ce on ! "p ( ^! wise animals4 ,ev5 ! dam1 rem>kable z x is1 does n %[ evid5ce ( great] skill ?an t display$ 9 ! mak+ ( ^! canals4 ,no "o :o has ev] und]/ood ! ways ( ! beav] c believe t he is n exce$+ly intellig5t4 ,! banks ( ^! canals soon become cov]$ ) gr[+ plants & moss1 & !y look n unlike sl[ sluggi% /reams w9d+ ?r\gh ! m>%y l&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beav] ,,is ,,! ,,greate/ ,,( ,,all ,,animal ,,ar*itects4 ,,8 ,,skill ,,is ,,equall$ ,,only ,,by ,,8 ,,pati5ce4 ,! beav] huts1 or lodges z !y are usually call$1 look n unlike beehives1 some:at broad] at ! base1 ) ?ick walls & ro(1 f\r to six feet 9 ?ickness4 ,!y are =m$ ( numb]s ( poles1 twigs1 & small bran*es ( trees1 wov5 toge!r & pla/]$ ) mud1 9 ! same way t ! dams are made4 ,inside ! h\se are circul> *amb]s =m$ ( mud1 :i* h be5 smoo!d & poli%$ l wax$ floors by ! feet ( ! occupants4 ,ar\nd ! out] bord] ( ea* poli%$ floor is dry grass us$ = ,mrs4 ,beav]'s nurs]y1 & "h ! "y beav]s sleep & play4 ,f ! outside ^! beav] huts resemble ,esquimaux sn[-h\ses1 be+ almo/ circul> 9 =m1 & dom$4 ,! walls are q ?ick en\gh to keep out ! cold1 b ) all ! beav]'s +5uity1 he is helpless aga9/ trapp]s4 ,summ] & w9t] !y are hunt$1 until n[ !y are fa/ becom+ ext9ct4 ,h[ few p seem fully to realise & c>e :at is be+ done to wild animals6 ,!y d n seem to "k t x is a crime to take ! life ( a be+ unnecess>ily4 ,only human life is sacr$ to !m6 ,to realize ! wond]ful "w ( beav]s1 & !n to act z we d t[>d !m is unwor?y ( our civilisation4 ,an int]e/+ c\s9 ( ! beav]1 ! musqua% or muskrat1 & call$ by ! ,indians ! beav]'s little bro!r1 is also a h\se-build] & eng9e] ( no mean abilities4 ,he is at home ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 &1 l ! beav]1 frequ5ts ! regions ( sl[ly fl[+ /reams & l>ge1 re$-bord]$ ponds4 ,"h he m+les 9 gr\ps ( 8 own k91 & toge!r !y build h\ses1 "w & play1 dive & swim1 ) almo/ z mu* skill z _! big beav] bro!rs4 ,! muskrat is a skill$ eng9e]1 & delights 9 tunnell+4 ,8 home consi/s ( a l>ge r\nd$ *amb] :i* is rea*$ by a long burr[ f ! side ( a /ream4 ,f 8 ma9 liv+-room are (t5times f\nd a numb] ( small] *amb]s or gall]ies1 & ^! are us$ to /ore food 9 ! =m ( delicate roots & bits ( b>k4 ,"s ( ! m ambiti\s muskrats build l>ge h\ses on piles ( mud :i* rise out ( ! wat]4 ,^! h\ses are usually made ( heaps ( dead grass & we$s :i* are cem5t$ toge!r ) mud & clay2 at o!r times !y conta9 no mud or clay1 & seem to be only piles ( t5d] roots & swamp grasses to be us$ = food dur+ ! long1 cold w9t]s4 ,f 8 physical appe>ance1 ! muskrat is well prep>$ to d 8 "w3 he is /\tly built1 ) a body ab\t a foot 9 l5g?1 n includ+ ! tail2 has small eyes1 & t9y e>s1 p>tly cov]$ ) fur4 ,9 ! w9t]1 z food gets sc>ce1 he beg9s to eat ev5 ! walls ( 8 h\se1 & by ! "t 8 home is gone--spr+ has arriv$6 ,a mo/ unusual family ( skill$ h\se-build]s are ! bru%-tail$ rat-kang>oos1 or ,j]boa kang>oos ( ,au/ralia & ,tasmania4 ,!y are no l>g] ?an an ord9>y rabbit1 b !y h c\s9s :o are z l>ge z a man4 ,^! rat-kang>oos h mo/ int]e/+ tails1 cov]$ ) long hair :i* =ms itself into a cre/ ne> ! tip4 ,_! homes are f\nd among small grassy hills1 :]e !re are a few trees & bu%es4 ,!y scrat* out a small hole 9 ! gr\nd1 ne> a tuft ( tall grass1 & s b5d ! grass z to =m a complete ro( to ! h\se1 :i* is r poorly con/ruct$1 & ^: *ief int]e/ lies 9 ! unusual way ! kang>oos h ( c>ry+ all ! build+ mat]ials1 l t9y bundles ( hay1 held compactly 9 _! tails4 ,!re is no o!r workman among ! animals t employs q ?is me?od ( transport+ mat]ials4 ,! rat-kang>oos h a da9ty little br[n c\s9 t lives 9 ,africa1 & :o is occasionally se5 jump+ ar\nd on ! gr\nd1 und]nea? bu%es1 & ne> damp spr+s4 ,he is v small1 n ov] ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & is l a m9iature kang>oo1 except = 8 long tail4 ,l _! great c\s9s--! kang>oos--,mrs4 ,j]boa (t5 c>ries h] babies on h] back :5 %e goes out to seek food4 ,9 ! ,great ,sah>a ,des]t1 p>*$ & dry1 are f\nd num]\s cities ( ^! little animals4 ,) ! exception ( a few birds1 reptiles1 jackals & hy5as1 !y are ! only inhabitants ( ?is b>r5 & desolate l&4 ,f ! ,arabs we le>n t ^! little animals h ext5sive & intricate burr[s1 consi/+ ( innum]able passages tunnell$ out 9 ! h>d1 dry soil4 ,& ^! tunnels are ! result ( comb9$ lab\r on ! "p ( ! entire community4 ,! lea/ al>m causes !m to scuffle away into _! und]gr\nd homes4 ,"o ( ! l>g] species ( ,c5tral ,asia employs a /ratagem t is rem>kable4 ,l _! c\s9s ( ,africa1 !y live 9 a great und]gr\nd city :i* is a p]fect network ( burr[s :i* end 9 a l>ge c5tral *amb]4 ,f ?is *amb] a long w9d+ tunnel t]m9ates v ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & x is a long di/ance f ! o!r burr[s4 ,no sign ( its exi/5ce appe>s f above ! surface ( ! e>?1 b if an enemy invades ! burr[1 away ! j]boas ru% = ?is secret exit & break ?r\gh to ! surface out ( rea* ( ! tr\ble1 & escape4 ,^! ,african j]boas are exce$+ly odd 9 appe>ance1 & !y are two-legg$ 9 _! habits ( walk1 & nev] g on all-f\rs4 ,!y walk by plac+ "o h9d foot alt]nately be=e ! o!r2 & !y run 9 ! same way4 ,!y c leap an extraord9>y di/ance4 ,frogs & toads1 z a class1 are n s skill$ 9 h\se-build+ z "s ( _! high] relations1 b !re is "o ( _! numb]--! ,hyla fab]--t is rem>kably gift$ 9 build+ mud h\ses4 ,he lives 9 ,brazil1 & ! natives call him ! f]reiro1 or smi?1 & he is inde$ ! ma/]-build] ( 8 family4 ,mrs4 ,hyla is really ! gift$ memb] ( ! tribe1 & x is dur+ ! bre$+ season t %e dilig5tly dives und]nea? ! wat]1 digs up h&fuls ( mud1 & builds on ! bottom a small circul> wall1 :i* encloses a space ab\t t5 to f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,?is wall is cont9u$ until x rea*es ab\t f\r in*es above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,x looks n unlike a small volcano1 & ! inside is skilfully smoo!d4 ,?is has be5 done by ,mrs4 ,frog's arti/ic h&s4 ,:5 ! h\se is entirely complet$1 ,mrs4 ,frog lays a great numb] ( eggs1 & "h !y are q safe f enemies bo? z eggs & baby tadpoles4 ,mr4 ,frog seems little conc]n$ 9 ! build+ ( ! home1 b he does take pleasure 9 croak+ = ,mrs4 ,frog :ile %e works4 ,p]haps ?is is to h] he>t g5u9e music1 & 8 fai?ful att5tion to _! *ildr5 makes up = 8 love ( idl5ess6 ,p]haps ! /range/ animal eng9e] 9 ! _w is f\nd 9 ,madagasc> & ,au/ralia4 ,x is ! duckbill or duckmole1 & is sci5tifically kn[n z ! ,orni?orhyn*us p>adoxus4 ,! natives ( ,au/ralia call x by sev]al names3 ,mallangong1 ,tambreet1 & n a few call x1 ,tohunbuck4 ,?is odd little aquatic eng9e] digs long tunnels ( great intricacy 9 ! b&s ( lazy riv]s1 & because ( its p>adoxical nature & appe>ance has caus$ _m /range /ories to orig9ate ab\t its habits & me?ods ( propagation4 ,x has ! beak ( a duck & waddles n unlike ?is bird1 b1 l o!r mammals1 x gives bir? to its "y1 & does n lay eggs1 z is s (t5 claim$ = x4 ,:5 swimm+ x looks l a bun* ( float+ we$s or grass4 ,its home is always on ! banks ( a /ream1 & is always provid$ ) two entrances3 "o bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 & ! o!r above4 ,?is insures escape 9 case ( enemies4 ,! ma9 tunnel or road to ! home is sometimes fifty feet 9 l5g?1 & no eng9e] c\ld devise a m deceptive approa*2 x w9ds up & d[n l a huge s]p5t1 to ! "r1 & to ! left1 & is s annoy+ly v>iable 9 its s9u\s c\rse t ev5 ! natives h great tr\ble 9 digg+ ! duckbill out ( its ne/4 ,! ne/ is oval 9 =m1 & is well-c>pet$ ) dry we$s & grass4 ,"h ! "y reside on s(t b$s until !y are l>ge en\gh to c>e = !mselves4 ,!re are f "o to f\r 9 ea* ne/4 ,!re are no great] ar*itects 9 ! univ]se ?an may be f\nd among ! coral-polypes4 ,^! int]e/+ little animals ( ! deep h be5 mu* misund]/ood1 & h sometimes _h ! errone\s designation ( insect be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! ^w insect has be5 appli$ 9 a v loose & g5]al s5se 9 o!r days2 b naturali/s & sci5ti/s %\ld see to x t ! use ( ?is t]m be correct$ 9 ref]5ce to ^! wond]ful coral-ar*itects1 & t no in=m$ p]son ref] to !m except z animals4 ,ev5 poets h be5 guilty ( propagat+ ! mo/ errone\s ideas ab\t ! nature & works ( ^! sea-build]s4 ,montgom]y1 9 8 ,pelican ,isl&1 makes /atem5ts t are %ock+ to an intellig5t ?9k]1 & :i* no sci5ti/ c excuse on ! gr\nd ( poetical lic5se4 ,! poetry ( ?is excell5t au?or1 says ,dana1 is good1 b ! facts ne>ly all errors--if lit]ature all[s ( su* an incongruity4 ,?9k ( coral-animals z be+ ref]r$ to z %apeless worms t wri! & %r9k _! tortu\s bodies to grotesque dim5sions6 ,^! deep-sea build]s manufacture or secrete f _! own bodies ! coral sub/ance out ( :i* ! great reefs are built4 ,x is a "p ( _! life "w & nature1 z a fl[] produces its own col\rs & %apes2 x is amus+ to "k t x has only be5 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s s9ce x 0 discov]$ n to be a plant b an animal6 ,ev5 ,ovid /ates ! popul> belief ( ! classic p]iod :5 he speaks ( ! coral z a seawe$ :i* exi/$ 9 a s(t /ate z long z x rema9$ 9 ! sea1 b _h ! curi\s prop]ty ( becom+ h>d on exposure to ! air4 ,^! /range coral-produc+ animals ( ! deep dem& two especially important conditions only "u :i* !y w ?rive3 namely1 a c]ta9 dep? ( wat] & a c]ta9 temp]ature4 ,?us x is se5 t ! w>m? ( ! sea det]m9es ! di/ribution ( ! corals2 ! geography ( ^! animals is def9$ by degrees ( temp]ature4 ,only 9 equatorial seas may reef-build+ corals be f\nd2 & if we select ! ,equator z a natural c5tre ( ! globe1 & measure (f a b& ( #ahjj miles 9 bread? on ea* side ( t l9e1 we w f9d t x w include ! *ief coral regions ( ! e>?4 ,! "w ( ! corals is mo/ int]e/+4 ,small z are ^! t9y workm51 ea* & e "o does 8 bit &1 speck by speck1 adds 8 m9ute contribution to ! gr[+ mass ( coral until entire isl&s are surr\nd$ by ext5sive reefs4 ,tahiti1 = example1 is surr\nd$ by a b>ri] reef :i* is really an imm5se wall4 ,! l>ge b>ri] reef on ! nor!a/ coa/ ( ,au/ralia ext5ds 9 a cont9u\s l9e = #a1jjj miles1 & v>ies f #aj to #ij miles 9 bread?4 ,"s reefs are m]e fr+es :i* simply skirt ! coa/ l&s1 & seem to be m]e ext5sions ( ! bea*4 ,/ill ano!r v>iety ( reef is kn[n z ! atoll or lagoon reef4 ,?is latt] =m is se5 9 circul> r+s ( coral ( v>i\s bread?s :i* enclose a body ( /ill wat]--! lagoon4 ,!re are _m ( ^! coral isl&s 9 ! ,indian & ,pacific ,oceans4 ,keel+ or ,cocos ,atoll1 ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 is #i-a_/b miles 9 its greate/ wid?2 ,b[ ,isl& is #cj miles 9 l5g?1 & #f miles wide2 :ile 9 ! ,maldive ,ar*ipelago "o isl& measures #hh geographical miles 9 l5g?1 & 9 "s places is #bj miles wide4 ,:5 "o beholds a l>ge coral r+1 cov]$ ) ri* soil & tropical vegetation1 & protect+ a quiet lake-hav5 f ! re/less ocean )\t1 x is little to be wond]$ at t ! e>li] voyag]s record$ _! surprise t ! app>5tly insignificant ar*itects ( su* an erection are able to )/& ! =ce ( ! waves & to pres]ve _! works among ! cont9ual attacks ( ! sea4 ,z ,pyr>d de ,laval truly said1 ,x is a m>vel to see ea* ( ^! atollons surr\nd$ on all sides by a great bank ( /one--walls su* z no human h&s c\ld build on ! space ( e>? allott$ to !m4444 ,be+ 9 ! middle ( an atollon1 y see all ar\nd y ?is great /one bank1 :i* surr\nds & protects ! isl& f ! waves2 b x is a =midable attempt1 ev5 = ! bolde/1 to approa* ! bank & wat* ! waves roll 91 & break ) fury ^u ! %ore4 ,z to ! explanation ( ! modes ( =mation ( ^! coral-reefs1 ! sci5ti/s h long be5 prop\nd+ !ories :i* are sometimes amus+4 ,/rangely en\gh !y h ne>ly all expla9$ t coral-polypes aggregate !mselves 9 ! =ms ( atolls & b>ri]-reefs by a my/]i\s in/9ct1 m$iocrity's only t]m = scre5+ its ignorance1 & :i* is also giv5 z ! cause = _! secret+ lime4 ,fl9d]s says t !y =m a great protect+ reef 9 ord] t !y may be protect$ by its %elt]1 & t ! leew>d aspect ( ! reef =ms a nurs]y = _! infant colonies4 ,?us we see t ^! same sci5ti/s are accr$it+ ^! little ar*itects ) ! possession ( a great intellig5ce1 & !y are ?\ght to co-op]ate toge!r 9 a mann] expressive ( ! greate/ degree ( effici5cy & bro!rly feel+4 ,ea* ( ^! sci5ti/s gives a !ory t leaves unt\*$ ! ess5tial "q ( ! causes = coral-reefs assum+ _! v>i\s %apes2 & x is reasonable to believe t !y "w accord+ to a div9e wisdom & plan1 & t mank9d does n yet und]/& _! /range ways1 :i* give u a high] conception ( ! univ]se ?an t held by ! anci5ts4 ,sci5ce has come to ! po9t :]e x mu/ recognise ! p]fect unity ( all life1 & t our fell[-ar*itects1 eng9e]s1 & h\se-build]s 9 ! animal _w also fill an important place 9 ,nature's great s*eme4 ,,xi ,,food ,,cons]v]s ,he praye? well :o love? well ,bo? man & bird & bea/4 ,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small2 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u1 ,he made & love? all4 --,,col]idge4 ,x c almo/ be said t !re is no indu/ry or pr(ession ( ! human _w t is n c>ri$ on ) equal skill 9 ! animal _w4 ,?is is especially true ( m]*&is+ & /ore-keep+2 animals1 h[ev]1 h diff]5t me?ods ( m]*&is+ ?an m51 al?\gh ^! me?ods are none ! less real4 ,!y give & take in/ead ( buy & sell & h co-op]ative %ops :i* !y op]ate ) great success4 ,!y unite = a desir$ end1 & demon/rate _! ability to "w toge!r 9 a common ent]prise 9 a way t might tea* man a good lesson4 ,food & %elt] are ! fir/ ne$s ( animals4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ^!1 !y gr\p !mselves into =ag+ p>ties 9 ! mo/ +5i\s mann]4 ,l mank9d1 !y sometimes co-op]ate = di%one/ ends2 !y =m tru/s & organise into gangs = purposes ( mutual aid4 ,de]1 monkeys1 rabbits1 foxes1 & num]\s o!rs conduct _! d9+-rooms on a co-op]ative pr9ciple4 ,"s wat* & wait :ile o!rs d9e4 ,! same is true :]e !y g to wat]+ places to dr9k & ba!4 ,p]haps ! mo/ unique & clev] food cons]v] is ! ,am]ican polecat4 ,he n only provides = himself1 b prep>es a l>d] = 8 "y1 s t !y w h pl5ty ( food4 ,! nurs]y is usually com=tably emb$d$ 9 a cave1 & is l9$ ) s(t1 dry grass4 ,adjo9+ ?is nurs]y is a l>d]1 :i* (t5 conta9s f t5 to fifty l>ge frogs & toads1 all alive1 b s dext]\sly bitt5 ?r\gh ! bra9 z to make !m incapable ( escap+4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,pole-cat c !n visit or hunt z !y please1 s long z _! *ildr5 h pl5ty ( fre% meat at home6 ,ano!r int]e/+ food cons]v] is ! *ipp+ squirrel1 or *ipmunk1 s nam$ because 8 cry s\nds l ! *irp ( little *ick5s4 ,8 me?od ( dress is mo/ unusual2 he is br[ni% grey 9 col\r1 ) five /ripes ( black & two ( pale yell[ runn+ along ! back ( 8 coat2 ! ?roat & l[] "p ( 8 body is sn[y :ite4 ,^! col\rs occasionally v>y1 :5 ! grey & yell[ are sup]s$$ by black4 ,8 home is und]gr\nd1 usually "u an old wall1 ne> a rock f5ce1 or "u a tree2 8 burr[ is s long & w9d+ t he c easily escape almo/ any enemy1 except ! weasel1 :i* is n easily outwitt$4 ,8 nurs]y & liv+-room is q pret5ti\s1 b 8 lat]al /or]oom is a m>vel6 ,he is a mis] inde$1 & /ores up e acorn & nut he c f9d1 ev5 _m times m ?an he c ev] eat4 ,8 v>iety ( food is almo/ un5d+--he loves buck:eat1 beak$ nuts1 pecans1 v>i\s k9ds ( grass se$s1 & ,indian corn4 ,9 c>ry+ food to 8 home he fir/ fills 8 p\*es to ov]fl[+ & !n takes ano!r nut 9 8 m\?2 he ?us rem9ds ! classical read] ( ,alemon 9 ! treasury ( ,croesus4 ,! h$gehog is a regul> ,solomon 9 h] me?ods ( collect+ fruit4 ,plut>* _h a v high op9ion ( h]4 ,he says t :5 grapes are ripe1 ! "m h$gehog goes "u ! v9es & %akes !m until "s ( ! grapes fall2 %e !n lit]ally rolls ov] !m until _m are atta*$ to h] sp9es1 & m>*es back to h] babies 9 ! cave4 ,"o day1 says ,plut>*1 :5 we 7 all toge!r1 we _h ! *ance ( see+ ?is ) our own eyes--x look$ z if a bun* ( grapes 0 %uffl+ along ! gr\nd1 s ?ickly cov]$ 0 ! animal ) its booty4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,skunk ,,"m ,,tries ,,to ,,keep ,,on ,,h& ,a ,,good ,,supply ,,( ,,su* ,,delicacies ,,z ,,frogs ,,& ,,toads1 ,,s ,,t ,,h] ,,"y ,,may ,,nev] ,,g ,,hungry4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,porcup9e ,,& ,,! ,,h$gehog ,,h ,a ,,unique ,,me?od ,,( ,,collect+ ,,food ,,= ,,_! ,,"y4 ,,aft] ,,%ak+ ,,d[n ,,b]ries ,,or ,,grapes1 ,,!y ,,roll ,,9 ,,!m1 ,,!n ,,hurry ,,home ,,) ,,! ,,food ,,atta*$ ,,to ,,_! ,,quills4 ,alp9e mice n only =m com=table w9t] homes 9 ! e>?1 b comb9e into small w9t] colonies1 ea* colony numb]+ ab\t t5 to twelve inhabitants1 all ( :om are "u ! direction ( a lead]4 ,?us organis$1 !y proce$ to lay up provisions = ! w9t]4 ,!y use _! m\?s z scy!s & _! paws z rot>y ma*9es4 ,surely _! wisdom & =esight call =? our greate/ admiration4 ,! j]boas or jump+ mice are n only skill$ a?letes 9 ! art ( jump+1 b !y are gift$ food cons]v]s & produc]s z well4 ,!y lay up complete /oreh\ses ( food1 :i* !y d n consume altoge!r z _! appetite may direct2 b cons]ve x c>efully = ! times :5 no?+ c be obta9$ f ! fields4 ,!n1 & !n only1 d !y op5 ! clos$ magaz9es4 ,su* acts ( intellig5ce _c be record$ "u ! head ( in/9ct6 ,!y demon/rate ! ability to plan = ! future1 & meet all em]g5cies4 ,c]ta9 food ho>d]s & robb]s1 l ! vole1 are s v gre$y & become su* mis]s t !y (t5 ?reat5 total de/ruction to l>ge areas ( gra94 ,!y 7 s pl5tiful 9 ! classic l& ( ,!ssaly1 ! vale ( ,tempe1 & ! ,l& ( ,olympus t ! old ,greeks e/abli%$ :at !y call$ an ,apollo ,sm9!us1 ! ,m\se-de/roy+ ,god4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,loeffl]1 :o has made a special /udy ( _! invasions1 !y beg9 to come d[n f _! homes 9 ! hills to ! cultivat$ fields4 ,!y seem to foll[ regul> roads1 & (t5 travel along ! railroad embankm5t4 ,!y travel v sl[ly1 & :5 at home live some:at on ! ord] ( prairie dogs1 t is1 9 und]gr\nd dwell+s ) num]\s w9d+ passages & tunnels4 ,^! wise little food cons]v]s are nocturnal 9 habit1 & are r>ely se5 except by c>eful obs]v]s4 ,:5 !y once det]m9e to rob a field1 !y d x ) amaz+ rapidity & complet5ess4 ,9 a s+le night hordes ( ^! work]s g into a cornfield & by daylight n a /alk ( corn rema9s4 ,! field is z empty z if a cyclone _h /ruck x4 ,!y "w ) great sy/em1 & :ile a "p ( _! numb] cut ! /alks d[n1 o!rs cut x up into movable sizes1 :ile /ill o!rs sup]9t5d its sy/ematic removal4 ,/oreh\ses are usually provid$ be=e ! gra9 is ev5 cut4 ,!y make long voyages ?r\gh\t a c\ntry1 /or+ away tons ( gra9 & food 9 ^! v>i\s gran>ies4 ,to ^! !y come = supplies :5ev] necess>y4 ,all pov]ty-/rick5 voles are also f$ f ^! /oreh\ses1 s9ce x is ! product ( ! community z a :ole4 ,ari/otle wrote at l5g? ab\t _! wise & de/ructive ways4 ,n ! lea/ +5i\s ( food cons]v]s are ! ham/]s1 memb]s ( ! great rod5t family4 ,!y h made _! dwell+s mo/ com=table & ev5 luxuri\s 9 arrangem5t & furni%+s4 ,l weal?y f>m]s1 !y are n satisfi$ ) com=table dwell+s only1 b !y too mu/ h spaci\s b>ns adjo9+ _! homes4 ,_! home1 or burr[ prop]1 consi/s ( two op5+s3 "o1 :i* is us$ z an entrance1 & :i* s9ks v]tically into ! gr\nd2 ! o!r1 :i* is us$ z an exit1 ) a w9d+ slope4 ,! c5tral room is beautifully c>pet$ ) /raw1 moss1 & dry leaves1 :i* makes x a v pleasant liv+-room & b$room4 ,a ?ird small w9d+ tunnel leads f ?is room to ! b>ns & /oreh\se4 ,?us1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ham/] & ! *ildr5 h no ne$ to g =? 9 ! cold & wet wea!r to seek food--!y c rema9 at home p]fectly protect$ & well-f$4 ,!y are v lib]al1 & 9 case ( ne$ or pov]ty1 w always %>e _! food ) _! neighb\rs4 ,i once f\nd ! ne/ ( a h>ve/ m\se1 :i* 0 wov5 ( plait$ blades ( /raw ( ! oats & :eat4 ,x 0 p]fectly r\nd1 ) ! ap]ture s +5i\sly clos$ t ,i c\ld sc>cely tell to :at "p ( ! ne/ x belong$4 ,x 0 z r\nd z a m>ble & w\ld actually roll :5 plac$ on a table1 al?\gh )9 its walls 7 six t9y mice1 nak$ & bl9d4 ,z !y increas$ 9 size day by day1 ! ela/ic wall ( _! small home exp&$1 & ?us s]v$ _! ne$ until su* "t z !y 7 old en\gh to live indep5d5t ( ?is specially provid$ %elt]4 ,!re is a l>g] animal1 kn[n z a rat-h>e or ! h>ve/ rat1 :i* ga!rs piles ( hay = w9t] use1 sometimes to ! height ( six or eight feet 9 diamet]4 ,!y beg9 h>ve/+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,augu/1 & aft] hav+ cut ! grass1 !y c>efully spread x out to dry be=e plac+ x 9 _! b>ns4 ,^! b>ns are usually locat$ 9 holes or crevices ( m\nta9s4 ,!y are f\nd 9 imm5se numb]s 9 ! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,! ,cali=nia woodrat is n only a food ho>d] b a notable ?ief & robb]4 ,a ne/ 0 f\nd t 0 a v]itable tool *e/ & pawn %op6 ,x conta9$ f\rte5 knives1 ?ree =ks1 six small spoons1 "o l>ge s\p spoon1 tw5ty-sev5 l>ge nails1 hundr$s ( small tacks1 two but*] knives1 ?ree pairs ( eye-glasses1 "o purse1 "o /r+ ( beads1 "o rubb] ball1 two small cakes ( soap1 "o /r+ ( r$ pepp]s1 sev]al boxes ( mat*es1 ) num]\s small buttons1 ne$les1 & p9s4 ,app>5tly ^! woodrats are z ambiti\s = unnecess>y & useless possessions z is man himself4 ,_! big /or]oom did1 h[ev]1 conta9 a l>d] 9 :i* !y _h "s ( _! fav\rite food1 su* z se$s & nuts4 ,"s animals h le>n$ n only to acquire1 b also to def5d & protect1 all _! prop]ty4 ,we see 9 ! human _w h[ /rong is ! impulse to collect1 & *ildr5 w inv>iably collect any?+ f pebbles to pea*-pits1 if !y see o!r *ildr5 do+ ! same ?+4 ,mo/ animals t d n ho>d are ^? t =age = food1 or fi%1 & r>ely h p]man5t homes4 ,! orang-outangs1 = example1 are regul> gipsies1 & g f place to place :]ev] food is pl5tiful4 ,!y take life easy1 & sometimes dur+ _! j\rneys select a suitable spot ne> ! sea%ore & h a real picnic4 ,a sc\t has already discov]$ ! "r spot = gett+ big oy/]s1 ( :i* !y are exce$+ly fond1 & :5 !y h assembl$1 c]ta9 ones proce$ to dig up ! oy/]s1 :i* !y h& to o!rs on ! %ore & !y1 9 turn1 place !m on big /ones1 & proce$ to op5 !m = ! fea/4 ,if "o ( ! fi%]m5-monkeys discov]s an oy/] op51 he w n ins]t 8 h& to remove ! meat until fir/ plac+ a /one betwe5 ! valves4 ,?is assures him protection aga9/ ! clos+ ( ! oy/]4 ,9 mo/ cases1 !y op5 ! oy/]s by fir/ plac+ !m on /ones & !n us+ ano!r /one z a hamm]4 ,^! facts are v\*$ = by no less au?orities ?an ,gamelli ,c>r]i1 ,dampi]1 & ,waf]4 ,x is only a matt] ( "t until _m animals w und]/& ! use ( man-made tools4 ,"s h already le>n$ to use su* tools z !y make & %ape = !mselves4 ,monkeys & apes are already gift$ 9 ?is art4 ,( c\rse1 "u dome/ication1 !y use knives1 =ks1 spoons1 & di%es n s mu* f intellig5ce z f imitation4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 might be said ( _m human be+s4 ,i h se5 an imm5se *impanzee sit 9 a *air1 set 8 own d9n] table1 use 8 knife & =k correctly :5 eat+1 & take great delight 9 ! use ( 8 napk91 :i* he always c>efully refold$ :5 8 meal 0 ov]4 ,! human-l qualities ( apes & monkeys1 h[ev]1 ne$ sc>cely be told4 ,!y are s v simil> to man 9 mo/ ways t !re are few ?+s !y _c d4 ,aelian tells ( an ape :i* le>n$ to drive horses skilfully4 ,he knew j :5 & h[ to use ! :ip1 h[ mu* slack to all[ 9 ! re9s1 & :5 to tight5 !m6 ,!y greatly res5t any intrusion on _! hunt+-gr\nds1 & make use ( /icks & clubs to protect !m4 ,! *ief is always arm$ ) a club1 & is ?or\ghly skill$ 9 ! use ( x4 ,x sometimes happ5s t an elephant w come to ! same tree to seek food t apes frequ5t1 & al?\gh !y h no enmity t[>ds ea* o!r1 !y l ! same k9d ( food4 ,z soon z ! ape sees ! elephant rea*+ 8 trunk among ! bran*es1 he imm$iately slips ne> ! elephant1 & :5 an opportunity pres5ts itself1 he :acks him ov] ! trunk ) 8 club6 ,! infuriat$ elephant runs away 9 t]ror6 ,a /ory is told ( a p>ty ( =ag+ apes :o w5t into a cornfield ) ! purpose ( robb+ x1 & discov]$ two m54 ,!y imm$iately ru%$ ^u !m & attempt$ to poke _! eyes out ) /icks & w\ld h succe$$ b = ! int]v5tion ( two o!r m5 :o *anc$ to be ne>4 ,! extreme clev]ness ( apes 9 apply+ _! reason & judgm5t is %[n 9 ,vosma]'s acc\nt ( ! female orang-outang1 :o tri$ to op5 ! padlock ( h] *a9 ) a small /ick4 ,%e _h se5 h] ma/] op5 x ) a key1 & %e exactly imitat$ ! motion ( 8 h&s 9 ! attempt4 ,man %[s a disposition to d5y animals all traits & *>act]i/ics :i* are simil> to 8 own4 ,?is rem9ds u ( a rem>k t ,c>d9al ,newman once made t m5 "k less ( animals ?an !y d ( angels4 ,:y %\ld we %[ su* fooli% pride & delusion1 & try to baffle "o ( ,god's great facts8 ,:5 m5 attempt to ext+ui% ! idea ( animal intellig5ce & s5tim5t by ref]r+ to x z in/9ct1 we are rem9d$ ( ! des]t o/ri*1 :i* buries its head 9 ! s& & ?9ks x _c be se54 ,we %\ld pr\dly ackn[l$ge ! wond]ful human-l me?ods ( ^! food cons]v]s ( ! animal _w1 & recognise 9 all ?is a guid+ ,provid5ce :o provides = & protects all 8 creatures1 be !y great or small4 ,,xii ,,t\ri/s ,,& ,,sight-,,se]s ,e night we mu/ look1 le/ ! d[n slope ,betwe5 u & ! woods turn sudd5ly ,to a grey onru% full ( small gre5 c&les1 ,! *>g+ pack ) eyes flam+ = fle%4 ,& well = u !n if !re's no m mi/ ,?an ! :ite pant+ ( ! wolfi% hung]4 ,! desire to travel & see ! great _w is by no means peculi> to ! human race4 ,x is f\nd among animals to su* a degree t gr\ps ( !m w (t5 leave _! homes 9 "o c\ntry & j\rney to ano!r4 ,^! /range w&]lu/ habits are notic$ ev5 by ! casual obs]v]1 & no special insight is requir$ to see t ^! wise creatures h _! annual t\rs excell5tly arrang$ & m>k$ out4 ,_! r\te is possibly z def9itely arrang$ be=e />t+1 z is ! r\te ( a human travell]4 ,!y h _! select$ eat+ places arrang$1 "k e dang] spot & ! enemies !y are likely to enc\nt]4 ,! memb]s ( ^! co-op]ative t\rs take life tickets1 & ea* t\r la/s ab\t "o ye>4 ,"o ( ! mo/ unusual in/ances ( su* co-op]ation is t ( ! lemm+s ( ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries4 ,^! are animals ( ! m\se tribe1 :i* live 9 ! m\nta9\s di/ricts4 ,!y live ^u roots & grasses4 ,!y bre$ v rapidly4 ,at c]ta9 times !y g f ! c5tre ( ,norway to ! ea/ & we/1 cross+ valley1 hill1 & riv] 9 great masses4 ,_m are de/roy$ by birds & bea/s ( prey1 b f9ally ! survivors rea* ! ,atlantic on ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia &1 = "s /range unkn[n reason1 plunge 9 & die4 ,only en\gh rema9 f "o season to ano!r to propagate ! species4 ,x is an imm5se co-op]ative suicide society4 ,riv]s & valleys are sometimes effectual b>ri]s4 ,on ! pla9s ( ! ,amazon great numb]s ( animals are f\nd on "o side ( ! riv] only2 ^! h n be5 able to cross to ! o!r4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! ,rio ,negro are two v>ieties ( monkeys1 ! bra*iurus conxion & ! jac*us bicolor1 :i* are unkn[n on ! s\? side4 ,( c\rse1 wat]-lov+ animals1 su* z seals1 :ales1 & porpoises are at home 9 ! wat] & c swim = days )\t /opp+4 ,q a few animals c swim = a %ort di/ance1 b comp>atively few = long di/ances4 ,9 ! e>ly days 9 ,nor? ,am]ica x 0 n uncommon = buffalo to swim across ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,rats & squirrels (t5 migrate 9 great numb]s4 ,x (t5times happ5s t ,arctic animals travel f "o place to ano!r on float+ ice4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican wat]s x is a common sight to see float+ isl&s cov]$ ) plants & trees ^u :i* !re are live animals2 & :ile ^! animals are likely to p]i%1 !y are (t5times c>ri$ safely to l&4 ,eagles h (t5 be5 in/rum5tal 9 br++ new species ( animals to isl&s :]e !y _h previ\sly be5 unkn[n1 _! purpose be+ to provide food = _! own "y4 ,"s ( ^! animals w\ld escape & h5ce=? become citiz5s ( _! new habitation4 ,an int]e/+ division ( migrants is t ( ! casual travell]s1 l ! m5 & wom5 :o always rema9 at home except :5 special bus9ess calls !m away4 ,sudd5 climatic *anges1 or ! sc>city ( food1 (t5 cause /ay-at-home animals to make t\rs into new t]ritories4 ,z a good in/ance1 ,i might cite ! case ( ?ree wolves1 :i* ,i saw ent]+ ,jackson ,p>k 9 ,*icago1 dur+ v sev]e wea!r :5 ,lake ,mi*igan 0 froz5 ov]4 ,! morn+ pap]s /at$ t because ( =e/ fires 9 ,mi*igan1 & ! extreme cold1 :i* n only made food sc>ce = ! wild animals ( ,mi*igan1 b froze ! ,lake1 _m ( !m _h come across ! ice into ! great ,*icago p>ks seek+ food & %elt]4 ,! subject ( animal travel is full ( int]e/+ & difficult problems1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ nor ! lea/ difficult is ! "q ( j h[ !y f9d _! way to & f v>i\s places4 ,_m naturali/s tell u t ^! animals are l$ by inh]it$ in/9ct along ! migration l9es foll[$ by _! =efa!rs4 ,b ev5 if ?is 7 true1 :at made !m orig9ally foll[ su* a c\rse8 ,wild horses :5 travell+ always h a lead] z well z sev]al s5t9els = ea* h]d4 ,by "s unkn[n code ?is lead] makes kn[n 8 wi%es & directs ! movem5ts ( ! h]d4 ,no human army c\ld h great] ord] or m p]fect ob$i5ce to comm&s2 & "u him !re is absolute unity by means ( :i* ! c>nivor\s animals1 su* z ! wolf1 ! jagu>1 & ! puma1 are repell$4 ,wild de] inv>iably h a lead]1 & :ile we d n "k h[ he obta9s 8 position1 nor h[ he directs 8 foll[]s1 we d "k he is highly successful 9 8 ef=ts4 ,no act 9 ! animal _w bespeaks m intellig5ce ?an t ( plac+ s5t9els1 especially dur+ a j\rney4 ,horses %[ /rik+ skill & +5uity 9 ! *oos+ & plac+ ( _! s5t9els4 ,any "o :o has be5 =tunate en\gh to h se5 !m travell+ 9 ! =e/s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e ! wild horses are greg>i\s1 & travel 9 h]ds ( five hundr$ to a ?\s&1 has notic$ t s5t9els are always /ation$ ar\nd ! h]d4 ,^! animals are n well prep>$ = fight+1 & exp]i5ce has taught !m t _! greate/ safety is 9 flight1 & s1 :5 !y graze or sleep1 s5t9els are always on ! look-out = enemies4 ,if a man approa*es1 ! s5t9el at fir/ walks t[>d him1 z if to make sure :at ! enemy is1 & :at he desires1 if ! man goes ne>] to ! h]d1 ! s5t9el neighs 9 a mo/ peculi> tone4 ,imm$iately ! h]d is ar\s$1 & gallops away1 n 9 confusion1 b p]fect ord]1 z ?\gh its memb]s 7 human soldi]s4 ,! same is true ( ! :ite-legg$ pecc>ies1 s pl5tiful 9 ,guiana4 ,!y congregate by ! ?\s&s1 *oose a lead] ^: position is always at ! front1 & travel = hundr$s ( miles ?r\gh ! great =e/s4 ,if !y come to a riv]1 ! lead] halts1 z if to make sure t all is well = cross+1 !n he plunges into ! wat] & is foll[$ by 8 imm5se army4 ,! sur5ess ( ! lead] w\ld sugge/ t he has be5 ov] ! same r\te _m times be=e--p]haps ?is is :y he has be5 *os56 ,if an enemy appe>s1 or any =m ( dang] is approa*$1 !y c>ry on an imm5se am\nt ( *att]+ & proce$ only :5 !y h talk$ x out4 ,any hunt] t %\ld be fooli% en\gh to attack !m1 unless he 7 already up a tree1 w\ld be torn to pieces ) _! t]rible tee? & tusks4 ,!y are z blood?ir/y z ! wild bo>s ( ! ,black ,=e/ ( ,g]many1 & w sometimes actually te> d[n a tree up :i* an enemy has escap$1 t !y may kill him4 ,! ,african apes h an int]e/+ way ( s5d+ _! s5t9el to ! top ( an adjac5t rock or tree1 t he may look ov] ! surr\nd+ valleys & plantations be=e !y g to plund] a g>d5 or field4 ,if he sees any dang]1 he utt]s a l\d %riek1 & ! entire troop imm$iately runs away4 ,! monkeys ( ,brazil po/ a gu>d :ile !y sleep2 ! same is true ( ! *amois & o!r species ( wild antelope4 ,a few ye>s ago1 _m ( ! %eep 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,wales _h become q wild1 & !y usually graz$ 9 p>ties ( twelve to tw5ty1 always hav+ a s5t9el s /ation$ z to comm& a prom95t view ( ! surr\nd+ t]ritory4 ,if any animal or p]son came ne>1 he w\ld give a peculi> hiss or :i/le1 repeat+ x two or ?ree times1 at :i* ! :ole h]d w\ld scamp] away to places ( safety4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ facts ab\t migration is its nev]-fail+ regul>ity & success4 ,mo/ animals migrate at ! recurr5ce ( ! bre$+ season4 ,( ^!1 ! great sea-turtle1 :i* seeks ! %all[ wat] & deep s&y hills :5 ready to lay h] eggs1 is well kn[n4 ,not)/&+ ! great risks t practically all travell+ animals assume1 !y are successful z a :ole 9 _! travels1 & _m return to be> te/imony to a successful trip ev5 across cont95ts & sometimes ! ocean4 ,!y migrate1 = a v>iety ( reasons4 ,:5 x is n = a m desirable climate1 nor m food1 nor ev5 bett] bre$+ gr\nds1 we mu/ ei!r believe x is because ( ! natural desire to travel1 or frankly admit t we d n und]/& x4 ,! ,icel&ic mice h probably ! mo/ curi\s me?ods ( travell+ ( all migratory animals4 ,dr4 ,h5d]son1 an au?ority on ,icel&1 n only v]ifies ! fact himself1 b gives ! names ( _m prom95t inve/igators :o h se5 ! mice cross+ small riv]s & /reams on ?9 pieces ( dry bo>d1 dragg+ !m to ! wat]1 laun*+ !m1 & !n go+ abo>d _! little rafts4 ,!y !n turn _! heads to ! c5tre1 & _! tails1 :i* hang 9 ! wat]1 are us$ z paddles & rudd]s until !y rea* ! de/9$ %ore4 ,among travell]s none are m fam$ ?an ! camels4 ,9 _! sph]e & use !y are supreme1 & ,nature has prep>$ !m especially = travell+ on ! dry1 hot1 & b>r5 des]ts4 ,!y are truly ! %ips ( ! des]t = !y travel on a sea ( s&1 & _! pad-l feet1 s poorly adapt$ = travel on moi/ soil1 is admirably suit$ to ! des]t s&s4 ,!y are capable ( travell+ _m days )\t food or wat]1 & are us$ ext5sively 9 ! des]t regions ( ! ,ea/ n only z bea/s ( burd5 b = _! milk1 :i* is an important article ( diet 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! camel is at home4 ,animals t d n migrate1 especially ^? liv+ 9 cold climates1 *ange _! clo?+ at regul> int]vals4 ,_! hair or fur increases 9 ?ickness 9 w9t]4 ,if we comp>e ! ,indian & ,african elephants ( to-day1 ^: delicate ?9 hair is sc>cely noticeable1 ) ! great ext9ct mammo?1 :i* _h an enorm\s am\nt ( woolly fur1 we readily see ! great diff]5ce 9 _! clo?+4 ,yet ^! animals are memb]s ( ! same great family4 ,! same diff]5ce may be not$ ) horses3 ! ,arabian horse1 = example1 has %ort1 gli/5+ fur1 :ile ^? ( ,icel& & ,norway h v ?ick fur2 ! same is true ( ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn %eep4 ,animals :i* live 9 temp]ate regions1 put on mu* ?ick] coats 9 w9t]1 & %$ !m z summ] approa*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,black ,,be> ,,is ,,n ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,migrat+ ,,animals4 ,,! ,,?ickness ,,( ,,8 ,,coat ,,mu/ ,,!re=e ,,*ange ,,) ,,! ,,seasons4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,rabbits ,,seem ,,to ,,h ,a ,,well-,,devis$ ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,_! ,,road-,,build+1 ,,runn+ ,,_! ,,pa?s ,,9 ,,& ,,out ,,( ,,und]bru% ,,9 ,a ,,truly ,,+5i\s ,,mann]4 ,! love ( _! orig9al homes is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features ( c]ta9 animal travell]s4 ,! fi]ce /ruggle = exi/5ce & ! t]ritory requir$ = an animal's home l>gely det]m9e ! am\nt ( ef=t !y make to seize & hold c]ta9 possessions4 ,a pair ( wildcats1 = example1 require a comp>atively small hunt+ gr\nd4 ,b ?is !y w def5d aga9/ invasion ev5 to ! po9t ( dea?4 ,!re are _m m evid5ces %[+ ! animals' love ( home1 & t !y also "k ! mean+ ( home-sickness4 ,n a few animals h le>n$ def9itely to lay out & obta9 recognition = ! b\nd>ies ( _! respective rang+-gr\nds4 ,?is is amply prov5 by _! respect & recognition ( rights ( way4 ,animals ( c]ta9 f>ms seem to "k ! exact b\nd>ies ( _! graz+ l&s & pa/ures1 & to tea* ?is k to _! "y4 ,9 addition !y (t5 police _! l&s & pa/ures aga9/ intrud]s4 ,woe unto any travell] f\nd on ! wrong highway6 ,x is n uncommon = ! transgressor to be pu%$ f a "r ( way to ! rocks bel[4 ,m ?an once a c\rt's decision reg>d+ disputable t]ritory has be5 bas$ on ! %eep's recognition ( b\nd>y2 ^? %eep sla9 9 battle or o!rwise injur$ :ile try+ to invade ! que/ionable t]ritory h be5 paid = by ! own] ( ! transgress+ %eep4 ,x is easy to und]/& h[ %eep c recognise _! rights ( way1 b some:at difficult to acc\nt = _! k ( b\nd>ies4 ,%eep & goats h = ages be5 ! greate/ m\nta9-pa? & road-mak]s4 ,:e!r or n !y h eng9e]s1 we are n sure1 b !y seem to select ! %orte/1 easie/1 & be/ r\te across ! trackless hills1 & nev] seem to *ange ! way4 ,9 ^! localities1 ! %eep are almo/ 9 a primitive condition1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ feature ( _! conduct 9 ?is relapse to ! wild life is t1 9 spite ( ! highly artificial condition 9 :i* !y live to-day1 !y reta9 ! primitive in/9cts ( _! race4 ,t ?is p]emptory & pa?-keep+ in/9ct is %[n by ! habits ( ! musk-ox1 is cle>4 ,he is z mu* ak9 to ! %eep z to cattle1 & 9 habits m l ^? ( ! great prehi/oric %eep z we imag9e ^! to h be54 ,! musk-ox naturally assembles 9 l>ge flocks1 & is migratory1 j z ! dome/icat$ flocks ( ,spa9 are1 & ^? ( ,?race & ! ,caspian /eppe4 ,^! flocks always return f ! b>r5 l&s 9 ! f> nor? by ! same road1 & cross riv]s by ! same =ds4 ,no?+ b too p]si/5t slaught] at ^! po9ts by ! enemies :o beset !m1 induces !m to des]t _! anci5t highways4 ,pictures & anecdotes ( ! migrations ( ^! animals1 & ( ! bison 9 =m] days1 repres5t !m z mov+ on a broad front across ! prairie or tundra4 ,! examples ( all mov+ multitudes sugge/ t ?is 0 n _! usual =mation on ! m>*1 & _! roads prove t !y mov$ on a n>r[ front or 9 file4 ,on ! ,nor? ,am]ican prairie1 ?\gh ! bison are ext9ct1 _! great roads /ill rema9 z evid5ce ( _! =m] habits4 ,^! trails are pa?s worn on ! prairie1 ne>ly all runn+ due nor? & s\? 7! l9e ( ! old migration ( ! h]ds71 l gigantic rabbit tracks4 ,!y are h>d1 ! grass on !m is gre5 & %ort1 &1 if foll[$1 !y g5]ally lead ne> wat]1 to :i* a div]g+ track runs f ! highway4 ,h[ int]e/+ mu/ h be5 ! life on ?is great animal highway1 be=e ! ,indian made ! deadly arr[ to de/roy ^! nature-lov+ travell]s6 ,!re is no d\bt b t1 9 _! own way1 ^! animals felt all ! emotions kn[n to a human travell]2 t !y enjoy$ ! fl[]y road1 re/$ & play$ :5 we>y1 look$ =w>d ) joy to _! fav\rite wat]+ & ba?+ places1 & recognis$ old wat]+ places t !y _h visit$ = ye>s4 ,! great roads & highways made by gram9ivor\s animals1 f ^? :i* ! hippopotamus cuts ?r\gh ! mammo? canes & re$s ( ! ,african /reams1 to ! small] rabbit highways ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 all tell _! own /ory ( h[ ^! animals live & travel4 ,! pr9cipal roads ( rabbits ov] hills are z p]man5t z %eep & buffalo roads4 ,^! roads1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be confus$ ) ! little trails t lead to _! play & fe$+ gr\nds4 ,my fri5d & fell[-naturali/1 ,ralph ,/u>t ,murray1 9 writ+ to me f ,quebec1 says3 ,9 speak+ ( animal road build]s1 ,i might say t ! rabbit or h>e ( ! nor? woods des]ves mu* att5tion1 = greatly int]e/+ are 8 highways4 ,! life ( ! nor? woods br+s "o con/antly 9 t\* ) ^! roads1 :i*1 aft] g5]ations ^u g5]ations ( con/ant use1 are worn deep & smoo? into ! moose grass & muskeg ?r\gh :i* !y run4 ,at places1 sev]al di/9ct pa?s int]sect1 & x is curi\s to note t :ile ^! roads w9d 9 & out und]nea? ! l[ hang+ ev]gre5s1 ! 'cross-roads' w inv>iably be locat$ 9 a cle> op5 space1 (t5 on ! top ( "s small hillock4 ,! great age ( ^! roads is v evid5t :5 comp>$ ) ! new]1 %all[] pa?s ( m rec5t ye>s4 ,s deep are ! old ones1 9 fact1 t ! quiet wat*] 9 ! woods w occasionally see two l>ge1 upright e>s--unmi/akably ^? ( a rabbit1 seem+ly /ick+ out ( a hole 9 ! gr\nd--yet mov+ at a rapid pace1 & all ! :ile no rabbit 9 view4 ,= all ! _w ^! v]tical e>s belong+ to an unse5 own] resemble 9 use & appe>ance ! p]iscope ( a subm>9e--! diff]5ce be+ t ! rabbit uses 8 'p]iscopes' = he>+1 9 ord] to locate & avoid 8 foe1 ! subm>9e its p]iscope to locate & attack its enemy4 ,! %eep t]races1 :i* are s common on ! sides ( hills1 ?\gh made by %eep1 are n roads1 b fe$+ gr\nds4 ,%eep1 :5 walk+ on a hillside1 inv>iably graze on ! upp] side1 z !y _c rea* ! l[] grass4 ,!re=e !y walk backw>ds & =w>ds on ! slope1 j z a reap+ ma*9e is driv5 ov] a hillside :eat-field4 ,z ! %eep takes a neck's l5g? ea* "t1 ! little ridges or roads correspond exactly ) ! measurem5ts ( ! %eep's neck4 ,!re are z _m k9ds ( roads & t]m9als 9 ! animal _w z !re are 9 ! human1 & le/ our pride make u =get1 we %\ld rememb] t ev5 ! ,panama ,canal is dug accord+ to ! plan ( a crawfi%'s canal1 su* z may be se5 ne> any muddy /ream4 ,x is /range t no animal has le>n$ to build elevat$ roads1 ?\gh animals t live 9 trees1 l fly+ squirrels1 monkeys1 & fly+ foxes1 are v skill$ 9 go+ f "o tree to ano!r4 ,!y h regul> a]ial highways1 & "s ( ! tree frogs are v]itable wond]s 9 ! accuracy ( _! leaps f tree to tree4 ,ev5 m skill$ ?an ^! are ! agamid liz>ds ( ,india1 ^: *ief means ( travel is a fold+ p>a*ute1 :i* at a mom5t's notice c be erect$ & c>ry to ano!r tree its lucky possessor4 ,9 ,borneo is an aviator tree-snake :i* is able to s spread 8 ribs & inflate 8 body t he c actually sail f bran* to bran* 9 ! tree-tops4 ,!re are night travell]s z well z day travell]s2 9 fact1 !re are m animals t roam ar\nd 9 a great =e/ at night ?an 9 ! daytime4 ,!y sleep dur+ ! day1 :5 ! day animals are roam+ ab\t1 & g =? to roam :5 x is night4 ,x is !n !y seek = prey1 & are mu* fe>$ by day animals4 ,!y see well 9 ! d>k1 & travel s lightly t _! foot/eps _c be he>d4 ,on ! ,isl& ( ,java are f\nd a family ( /range1 dw>fi% little be+s1 :i* are call$ by ! natives malmags1 or hobgobl9s4 ,& !y are well nam$1 = !y look l creatures ( a di/ort$ imag9ation m ?an real1 liv+ animals4 ,!y travel only at night1 & s sup]/iti\s are ! natives ( _! evil influ5ce t if "o ( ^! uncanny little creatures appe>s ne> _! rice fields1 ! plantation is imm$iately ab&on$4 ,h[ev]1 ^! small creatures are no l>g] ?an squirrels1 & are p]fectly h>mless4 ,!y are v r>e ev5 9 _! native l&s--! ,ori5tal ,ar*ipelago & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4 ,!y re> _! "y 9 ! holl[ roots ( bamboo trees1 & to di/urb _! ne/s means to incur ! evil ( all ! l&4 ,night animals d n g =? to travel & seek prey until ! night is f> advanc$1 & _! prey is s\ndly sleep+4 ,!y seem to "k ! exact "t ( ! night1 z if !y _h wat*es or clocks1 & !y usually g =? to hunt ab\t midnight & return to _! homes ab\t f\r o'clock4 ,only 9 cases ( extreme hung] d !y v>y f ?is rule4 ,h[ m>vell\sly skill$ are !y 9 f9d+ _! way6 ,!y pass ?r\gh a cr[d$ =e/ z ?\gh x 7 daytime1 & /rangely en\gh "k j h[ to return to _! lairs4 ,?is special s5se or gift is n possess$ by man2 he mu/ h m>ks & signs to return to a def9ite place4 ,^! night-travell]s numb] among _! lot bats1 fly+ squirrels1 leop>ds1 & pr[l+ snakes4 ,bats are n only ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! night-travell]s1 b by f> ! mo/ curi\s & wond]ful animals 9 ! _w4 ,!y are hide\sly ugly1 rem9d+ "o m ( a m9iature1 clos$-up umbrella ?an an animal6 ,!y are co>se1 awkw>d1 :5 n 9 flight1 & repell5t2 yet !y h su* highly develop$ s5ses t !y h no rivals 9 ! animal _w4 ,!y excel mo/ birds 9 flight1 are able to make long nightly j\rneys1 9 :i* !y use _! w+s n only = flight1 b z air-bags 9 :i* !y cat* all k9ds ( fly+ insects4 ,_! s5se ( t\* z we "k x is really a comb9ation ( t\*1 sight1 & he>+4 ,a bat is a p>adox p> excell5ce6 ,nature seems to h />t$ to make a little be> or fox1 & sudd5ly =got h[ & *ang$ x into a w+$ freak1 ) tail1 claws1 fur1 %>p tee?1 small e>s t /& up1 & t9y1 half-buri$ eyes4 ,its que] angul>-edg$ w+s look l an umbrella1 ) ! clo? /ret*$ ov] /eel ribs2 b 9 ! case ( ! bat1 ?is framework is made ( delicate bones :i* are cov]$ ) a ?9 sk94 ,! sk9 conta9s num]\s little s5se organs dott$ ov] its surface1 :i* give ! bat 8 /range p[]4 ,bats look m l mice ?an !y d l birds1 & !y are sometimes call$ flitt]mice4 ,b !y are mammals1 & ! "y are f$ ) milk by ! "m1 j z a c[ fe$s h] calf4 ,!re is no dang] t a bat w ev] fly aga9/ y 9 ! d>k2 = !y c avoid all mi%ap ev5 :5 _! eyes are put out4 ,!y h special s5se organs t tell !m :5 !y are ne>+ an object1 & c fly at headlong spe$ ) ! accuracy ( a rifle bullet directly into a small op5+4 ,?is p[] is all due to ! my/]i\s s5se locat$ 9 _! w+s & e>s1 :i* causes ev5 man to consid] 8 s5ses weak 9 comp>ison4 ,bats are sociable creatures & huddle toge!r & sleep 9 va/ numb]s dur+ ! day1 b :5 night comes on !y come =? = _! nocturnal travels & sport by ! millions4 ,i h se5 !m leav+ caves j at dusk 9 su* numb]s z to look l "o imm5se volume ( smoke1 tw5ty to ?irty feet wide1 & la/+ = m ?an five m9utes4 ,mrs4 ,bat (t5 takes h] babies ) h] on ^! nightly travels4 ,i f\nd "o ) two "y cl++ to h] brea/4 ,h[ !y mu/ enjoy ^! lovely trips6 ,!re are _m k9ds & v>ieties ( bats1 rang+ 9 size f ! fly+ foxes ( ! tropical _w1 ) w+s five feet 9 l5g?1 to ! wood bat ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :i* is n ov] six in*es long4 ,^! int]e/+ fri5ds ( man are 8 greate/ scav5g]s ( ! air4 ,!y are do+ mu* to *eck ! mosquitoes ?r\gh\t ! regions ( ! _w1 & 9 m civiliz$ communities man makes %elt]s = !m1 t !y may eradicate mosquitoes4 ,,xiii ,,animal ,,scav5g]s ,,& ,,crim9als ,a w>n+ f ^! pages take1 ,& "k ?is tru? sublime-- ,ea* creature is a crim9al ,:5 he commits a crime4 ,no m rem>kable creatures exi/ 9 ! animal _w ?an ^? t play ! rle ( ,nature's scav5g]s & crim9als4 ,!y are z num]\s & v>i$ 9 _! me?ods ( work+ z !y are int]e/+4 ,! only ?+s !y h 9 common are _! pr(ession & _! appetites4 ,z individuals !y are ugly1 unattractive & app>5tly void ( p]sonality & *>m4 ,nev]!less1 !y h an important "p to play 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ ( ^! scav5g]s is ! jackal--! ,bohemian ( ! des]t--^: t]ritory ext5ds f ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia to ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt>4 ,he is equally at home 9 ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 ,babylonia1 ,syria1 ,egypt1 & ! entire ,nor? ,coa/ ( ,africa1 & no c\ntry f ,b>b>y to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope is ev] out ( rea* ( 8 gho/ly & unc\? h[ls4 ,he travels only by night1 & v rapidly4 ,:5 suff]+ ) extreme hung]1 he w attack man1 b ?is he w d only 9 v r>e cases4 ,z he lives entirely ^u dead animals1 he is m ( a ?ief & glutton ?an a robb] & murd]]4 ,he dep5ds mo/ly ^u flight & d>kness = 8 protection1 & r>ely v5tures a direct attack4 ,) all 8 unlikable habits he is truly valuable z an ag5t ( public salubrity1 & an important (fic] ( ! des]t commission ( highways4 ,^! public scav5g]s1 :ile especially fond ( c>casses & putrid fle%1 are n av]se to a little fre% meat occasionally4 ,! jackal is truly ! foll[] or purveyor = ! lion1 & (t5times !y "w toge!r4 ,jackals w ga!r 9 l>ge numb]s ne> a lion's d5 & h[l & scream until ! lions come =? to disp]se !m4 ,z soon z a lion appe>s !y /op _! noise1 b :5 he is out ( sight1 !y imm$iately beg9 aga94 ,?is is done because game is ne>1 & ! wise jackals wi% ! lion to kill ! game4 ,:5 ?is is done1 & ! lions h eat5 all except ! bones1 ! jackals h _! small fea/ ( scraps4 ,^! weird night pr[l]s h ways all _! own1 z any "o :o has sp5t a night 9 a tropical des]t c atte/4 ,imag9e y\rself on ! ,syrian pla9s betwe5 ,bagdad & ,damascus2 a small :ite t5t1 & a />ry sky3 ! sil5ce is appall+1 & y are j ab\t to h y\r fir/ sleep 9 ! des]t4 ,away1 away f ! di/ance comes a m\rnful1 gho/ly cry4 ,sudd5ly x ceases & l myriads ( e*oes x is repeat$ 9 hide\s int5sity--a babel ( cries weird beyond description--s fi]ce & scree*+ z to be almo/ blood-curdl+4 ,x seems to come f all directions & di/ance out ( measure6 ,vibrat+ ov] ! s&s & ?r\gh ! rocks1 fill+ ! imm5se void1 cry+ out z x 7 = ! sph9x1 a v]itable de pr(undis ( ! wa/es4 ,! vultures1 :o hold ! =t dur+ ! day h giv5 way to ! night %ift1 ! jackals4 ,^! come f all directions2 f ! caves 9 ! e>?1 f among ! rocks1 f "h1 !re1 & f ev]y:]e to take up _! hygi5ic s]vices :]e x has be5 left (f by ! day scav5g]s4 ,if y 7 ne> an oasis 9 ! des]t at ! close ( day1 y w\ld sudd5ly he> f ! hot1 b>r5 s&s a deep & peculi> s\nd4 ,x swells & gr[s z an approa*+ w9d1 gr[+ l\d] & l\d] z x comes ne>]4 ,sudd5ly by ! light ( ! camp fire1 y see myriads ( horrid gre5 eyes1 l gho/ tor*es 9 a gravey>d1 & he> gna%+ tee?1 gre$y 9 anticipation ( ! g>bage y h ?r[n away4 ,^! hy5a hordes are frightfully ugly1 b r>ely dang]\s to man4 ,!y visit e oasis settlem5t 9 imm5se numb]s1 h[l+1 yelp+1 & fight+ = any bit ( (fal !y may f9d4 ,n a p>ticle ( g>bage rema9s4 ,at ! fir/ sign ( dawn1 !y disappe> l rats f a burn+ build+1 & seek _! caves to dige/ _! ignoble banquets4 ,no human /reet-clean] c\ld ev] excel _! "w4 ,no matt] h[ l>ge ! g>bage pile1 no matt] h[ _m dead dogs1 cats1 & donkeys 9 a village /reet1 no matt] h[ unspeakable ! (fal1 x all vani%es z completely z ?\gh x _h be5 burn$4 ,n a piece ( bone1 n a s+le *ick5 fea!r rema9s4 ,! natives h no fe> ( ! hy5a2 a small *ild arm$ ) a /ick c put to flight a doz5 ( !m4 ,!y are ! l[e/ ( c[>ds1 & w flee f _! own %ad[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mongoose ,,is ,a ,,scav5g] ,,( ,,! ,,wor/ ,,type1 ,,fe$+ ,,on ,,rats ,,& ,,mice ,,& ,,snakes1 ,,& ,,ev5 ,,p\ltry4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,diplodocus4 ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,animals1 ,,also1 ,,und\bt$ly ,,_h ,,_! ,,scav5g]s ,,& ,,crim9als4 ,9 spite ( _! valuable s]vices1 mank9d hates ! hy5as4 ,?is is probably because ( _! absolute c[>dice1 = !y w nev] attack a liv+ creature unless x is weak f illness4 ,sometimes !y /eal a baby1 nev] kill+ x outright1 b c>ry+ x away to _! d5s to />ve x to dea? be=e mutilat+ its body4 ,if ! c\rage ( ?is bea/ equall$ 8 /r5g?1 he w\ld be ! despot ( ! des]t4 ,b he is l 8 fell[ workman1 ! jackal1 c[>dly to ! la/ degree4 ,nei!r ( !m ev] attempts to put an enemy to flight by legitimate means4 ,!y resort to fak]y3 "o h[ls1 & ! o!r wr9kles 8 face 9 great ang]4 ,! jackal's greate/ asset & protection1 :5 he meets ) an enemy1 is bluff4 ,he raises 8 ugly mane1 lifts 8 unga9ly %\ld]s & assumes ! look ( a ,jason1 :ile 9 reality he is z h>mless z a m\se1 & ! smalle/ *ild c\ld drive him away ) a twig4 ,8 brav]y is all pose--a make-believe game--:i* he plays ov] & ov] aga9 ) e "o he meets4 ,a not$ ,am]ican scav5g] is ! pecc>y1 a species ( wild hog1 ^: home ranges f ,texas to ! ,pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,he is a dev\r] ( creatures m obnoxi\s ?an himself4 ,he moves ) great rapidity1 is always on ! al]t1 & /ops at no?+ f m\nta9s to a fl[+ riv]4 ,:5 he attacks an enemy he makes %ort "w ( him4 ,b&s ( ^! hogs are l$ by a *ief1 :o is ! swifte/ & fi]ce/ ( ! h]d4 ,?is aggressive lead] is foll[$ by successive l9es ( males1 beh9d :i* come ! /rong females1 :ile ! re> is br\ght up by ! old1 ! sick1 & ! "y4 ,9 m>*+1 !y h ! discipl9e ( a tra9$ army1 & turn nei!r to ! "r nor to ! left b g /raight ahead4 ,if ! lead]1 = any cause1 decides to *ange 8 r\te1 ! fact is quickly made kn[n 9 "s way to 8 foll[]s1 & ! turn is made at a direct angle1 ) ! accuracy ( a surveyor1 & ! pecc>ies g =w>d aga9 directly t[>d _! new de/9ation4 ,?is is ano!r evid5ce ( a special s5se unkn[n to man4 ,b :5ev] a /op is made1 or :]ev] !y g1 !y d _! "w z scav5g]s4 ,fall5 fruits1 dead animals1 insects1 snakes1 & worms are _! prey4 ,?us !y are valuable =e/ sweep]s4 ,/rangely en\gh1 9 ! animal _w1 z 9 ! human1 ! l[] pr(essions are fill$ ) ^? ( less m5tality ?an ! high]1 & z a result we f9d scav5g]s are ne>e/ alli$ to crim9als4 ,! idea ( "o creature kill+ & eat+ ano!r seems t]rible4 ,yet !y d1 & mo/ (t5 d human be+s commit ! same crime4 ,cannibalism among wild animals is a common occurr5ce4 ,! dem& = food usually causes "o animal to kill & dev\r ano!r4 ,b 9 captivity !re are o!r causes = cannibalism3 fe> & excitem5t w (t5times cause a "m to de/roy h] (fspr+4 ,x is a case ( dog eat dog6 ,badg]s (t5 kill & dev\r _! "y4 ,wolves1 9 cases ( extreme hung]1 w eat _! puppies2 & ,arctic travell]s1 :5 food = _! dogs is sc>ce1 h to gu>d con/antly aga9/ ! /rong] eat+ ! weak]4 ,i once caught a "m field m\se ) h] two "y & plac$ !m 9 a cage2 ! next day ! "y _h /rangely disappe>$1 b ,i am n sure t ! "m _h eat5 !m4 ,hogs1 cats1 & rabbits w sometimes kill & eat _! "y ev5 :5 food is pl5tiful4 ,crocodiles %[ an occasional cannibali/ic t5d5cy1 :ile wat]-%rews are v pugnaci\s & (t5times fight until "o is kill$4 ,! victori\s "o eats 8 enemy6 ,?us x appe>s t ,nature does n entirely disapprove ( cannibalism1 or %e w\ld n all[ s _m ( h] creatures to practise x4 ,!ft is a common vice among ^! v>i\s crim9als4 ,monkeys & baboons =m regul> b&s to rob & plund]4 ,!y h a *ief :o sees t a s5t9el is po/$ at ea* dang]\s po/4 ,! plund]]s !n l9e up 9 a long r[1 & ! lead] gets ! booty & passes x along ! l9e until x rea*es ! la/ ( ! b&--! receiv]4 ,he deposits x 9 a safe place4 ,if ! s5try s\nds an al>m1 !y all flee away1 ea* ) z mu* booty z he c grab4 ,if ! enemy presses too close1 all booty is ?r[n away4 ,passion1 especially ( love1 causes mu* crime among animals z x does among m54 ,jeal\sy burns fi]cely ev5 9 ! brea/ ( a bea/4 ,x is a common h]itage ( ! fi]ce/ lion & ! g5tle gazelle alike1 & is capable ( p]petrat+ ! mo/ dreadful crimes4 ,!re are types ( ugly disposition$ animals1 :o are always 9 a f]oci\s mood1 j l c]ta9 ill-temp]$ human be+s1 :o believe ev]y?+ & ev]ybody is try+ to injure !m4 ,! common %rew1 = example1 is noisy1 bold & fussy4 ,he seems to delight 9 call+ att5tion to himself by 8 grunty1 squeaky voice4 ,he adv]tises himself z a bad animal2 & bad he is1 = 8 t]rible od\r prev5ts o!r animals f com+ ne>4 ,horses & mules are at times q f]oci\s1 & kick & bite1 ) no idea ( ob$i5ce or k9dness4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 l our human crim9als1 are m5tally unbalanc$4 ,skill$ horse tra9]s c detect at a glance a crim9ally incl9$ horse4 ,rogue elephants are common 9 ,india4 ,ev5 _! trumpet+ %[s a f]ocity & unbalance t t]rifies ! natives4 ,(t5 ^! crim9al elephants are suff]]s ( m5tal ailm5ts4 ,a respectable1 law-abid+ elephant h]d w n all[ a ?ug or rogue to live 9 _! mid/4 ,!y recognise him z dang]\s = _! society1 & comb9e to =ce him entirely away f _! homes4 ,c]ta9 crim9al animals h a /range antipa?y = memb]s ( _! own tribe1 or = o!r k9ds ( animals4 ,su* is common among monkeys1 cats1 horses1 & dogs1 & _m t]rible crimes are committ$ because ( ^! antipa?ies4 ,e "o has witness$ ! t]ror ( a dog t has be5 insult$1 & elephants w c>ry an old grudge = fifty ye>s & f9ally seek ! mo/ t]rible rev5ge4 ,(t5 viol5t outbur/s ( temp] on ! "p ( a tame animal are caus$ by a *ange 9 ! temp]ature or atmosph]e4 ,ev5 animals h days :5 !y feel ugly & gr\*y4 ,^? t live 9 v hot climates are especially subject to fits ( rage & ang]4 ,! approa* ( an electrical /orm causes _m ( !m to lose _! self-control3 h]ds ( cattle (t5 /amp$e j prec$+ a cyclone4 ,!y1 l human savages1 seem t]roris$ at ! unkn[n4 ,n a few wild animals h actually run 9 ! way ( an automobile or pass+ tra9 to attempt to /op x4 ,fe> & rage are (t5 caus$ by ! appe>ance ( a curi\s object4 ,a bull1 = example1 :5 he sees a r$ rag1 w madly ru% at x1 seem+ly altoge!r oblivi\s ( ! man hold+ x4 ,! matadors are safe only because ! bull is insane f rage4 ,_m sci5ti/s ( fame1 l ,lombroso1 h demon/rat$ t /rong dr9k is ! cause ( mu* crime among animals1 ! same z x is among m54 ,9 ! pa/ures ( ,abyss9ia ! %eep & goats get on regul> drunks by eat+ ! beans ( ! c(fee plants4 ,!y fight & c>\se at su* times l regul> top]s4 ,elephants are incorrigible :5 drunk1 :ile dogs & horses h to be put 9 /rait-jackets to prev5t !m f kill+ !mselves4 ,wick$ animals always seek _! own k9d1 & (t5 b& toge!r = evil purposes4 ,figui] tells ( ?ree beav]s t built = !mselves a nice little home ne> a /ream1 & !y _h z a neighb\r a respectable h]mit beav]4 ,! ?ree call$ on _! neighb\r "o day1 & he receiv$ !m cordially1 & ha/5$ to return _! visit1 :5 !y p\nc$ ^u him & slew him1 l human murd]]s1 :o _h trapp$ _! victim4 ,f all ^! we le>n t ,nature is fill$ ) life-sav+ & life-fur!r+ adaptations4 ,j z 9 ! human drama we f9d deceit1 disguise1 mask1 trick]y1 bunco & bluff1 all =ms ( *eat+ & clev] deceptions1 s x is precisely ! same 9 ! animal _w1 ?\gh man is little in=m$ on ,nature's real ways4 ,,xiv ,,z ,,! ,,allies ,,( ,,man ,:o1 aft] ?is1 w d>e ga9say ,t bea/s h s5se z well z !y8 ,= me--c\ld ,i ! rul] be-- ,!y %\ld h j z mu* z we1 ,9 y\?1 at lea/4 ,9 e>ly ye>s1 ,:o ?9ks1 reflects1 or ev5 fe>s8 ,or if we d--unmean+ elves-- ',tis sc>cely kn[n e'en to ourselves4 ,?us by example cle> & pla91 ,we = ^! poor creatures claim ,sure s5se to ?9k1 reflect1 & plan1 ,& 9 ?is action rival man3 ,_! guide--n in/9ct bl9d alone1 ,b reason1 some:at l our own6 ,! wond]ful _w 9 :i* we live is full ( animal life4 ,9 ! great =e/s1 "u ! gr\nd1 on ! /eep m\nta9sides1 9 ! dep?s ( ! oceans1 riv]s1 /reams1 f ! frigid nor? to ! torrid s\?1 9 ! p>*$ des]ts1 are animals ( e size1 col\r1 & =m1 all ( :i* are1 9 _! g5]al =m1 adapt$ to _! peculi> places 9 nature4 ,_! lives & habits und5iably demon/rate pro(s ( div9e wisdom1 intellig5ce1 & b5efic5ce4 ,9 fact !y %[ an aptitude 9 _m arts & sci5ces second only to t %[n 9 man4 ,! reason t animals are (t5 held 9 su* l[ e/eem by ! _w ( sci5ce1 is because p are apt to look ^u !m z natural me*anisms & ov]look :at !y are do+ & feel+4 ,! prop\nd]s ( false /atem5ts :i* attribute e act ( an intellig5t animal--second only to man & 8 fai?ful ally--z due to in/9ct only1 deal ) metaphysical reason+4 ,!y h nev] consid]$ ! innum]able & irrefutable facts ( animal life :i* no acut5ess ( analysis & pure ?9k+ c ev] expla94 ,mo/ ( ^! n>r[1 booki% m5 d5y to animals capabilities :i* e c\ntry s*oolboy kn[s !y possess4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t animals exi/ :i* s+1 dance1 play1 speak a language1 build homes1 g to s*ool & le>n1 wage w>f>e1 protect _! homes & prop]ty1 m>ry1 make laws1 build moral codes1 9 fact1 d ev]y?+ t is g5]ally attribut$ to man4 ,9 comp>+ man & animals sci5ti/s are prone to ascribe to man z a :ole ! faculties :i* only ! be/ tra9$ & mo/ tal5t$ possess4 ,!y fail to consid] our cannibal bre?r51 su* z are f\nd among ! ,dyaks on ! ,isl& ( ,borneo1 ^: *ief articles ( adornm5t 9 ! h\se are heads ( murd]$ m51 & ^: savage & fi5di% ways w\ld put to %ame a civilis$ animal4 ,!y =get h[ long man liv$ on ?is e>? be=e he ev5 le>n$ to make fire by *ipp+ fl9ts4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t animals h be5 ! fri5ds & allies ( man4 ,f ! v e>lie/ ages !y h 9 innum]able ways be5 associat$ ) hi/orical ev5ts1 & ) ! laws1 cu/oms1 sup]/itions1 & religions ( all nations ( ! univ]se4 ,love1 devotion1 gratitude1 ! s5se ( duty1 z well z all ! l[] passions ( hatr$1 rev5ge1 di/ru/ & cunn+ are _! h]itage4 ,only an egoti/ :o has kn[n !m 9 books only1 & kn[s no?+ ( _! m5tality & bra9 p[]1 w\ld d>e say t !y are gov]n$ solely by in/9ct4 ,cases ( animal suicide1 foll[+ "s deep disgrace among !m1 are n uncommon4 ,f ! ,bible we le>n t ,god frequ5tly employ$ animals z ag5ts to disp5se ,8 provid5ce4 ,bullocks1 %eep1 goats 7 us$ by ! ,jews 9 _! religi\s s]vices1 :ile a disob$i5t prophet 0 kill$ by a lion4 ,balaam 0 rebuk$ = 8 cruelty by an ass2 & ,david ev5 call$ ^u ! animals to aid 9 prais+ ,jehovah6 ,t we may le>n real gratitude = common m]cies ,isaiah says3 ,! ox kn[e? 8 own]1 & ! ass 8 ma/]'s crib1 etc4 ,:5 ! city ( ,n9eveh 0 ?reat5$1 ,god _h pity on x1 because !re 7 _m cattle !re4 ,! ,savi\r comp>$ 8 own e>?ly condition ) t ( c]ta9 animals3 ,! foxes h holes1 etc4 ,he call$ himself ! ',good ,%eph]d1' & 8 foll[]s 7 %eep :o knew 8 voice4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ref]r$ to ,him z ! ',lamb ( ,god'2 :ile ,john1 ! belov$ disciple1 :5 on ! ,isle ( ,patmos1 saw ! ?rone ( ,god 9 heav51 & be=e x a lion1 a calf1 a man1 & a fly+ eagle4 ,! fir/ beg9n+s ( co-op]ation betwe5 m5 & animals mu/ h begun by ! approa* ( c]ta9 less timid animals1 :i* felt t bett] conditions = !m & m food c\ld be obta9$ ne> human habitations1 & p]haps1 m protection f dang]\s animals4 ,or x may h begun ?r\gh ! /upidity ( c]ta9 animals :o fail$ to realize ! dang] ( man's proximity4 ,x seems t ! secret ambition ( all animals is to become ! allies ( man4 ,?is is demon/rat$ by ! fact t mo/ ( !m h gone ne> ! villages & t[ns1 &1 consequ5tly1 !re are comp>atively few rema9+ 9 ! he>t ( ! big =e/s4 ,"u ! true /ate ( conditions man %\ld live 9 h>mony ) ^! animal bro!rs1 ) mutual tru/ & respect exi/+ betwe5 !m4 ,t w\ld mean1 ( c\rse1 t man w\ld h to %[ a little m k9dness to !m4 ,= :ile he is _! true sov]eign1 he abuses ! privileges ( 8 sov]eignty 9 untold ways1 & up to ! pres5t "t only a few animals1 l ! dog & horse1 h be5 fully recogniz$ z 8 allies4 ,all ! o!rs1 ) few exceptions1 h %[n a desire to become m closely unit$ ) man1 & yet dur+ ! ?\s&s ( ye>s ( man's rul]%ip ov] ! bea/s1 he has be5 able to make allies ( only ab\t sixty4 ,?is regrettable fact speaks = itself--%[+ t man has long abus$ 8 tru/4 ,w>f>e1 z x is wag$ to-day1 demon/rates t not)/&+ man's va/ numb] ( sci5tific aids1 animals are /ill invaluable4 ,! innum]able me*anical & electrical devices unkn[n t5 ye>s ago1 su* z enorm\s rapid-fir+ guns1 walk+ ,willies1 wireless ma*9es1 traction eng9es1 smokeless & noiseless p[d]1 sil5t-sleep]s & te>-bombs1 all ( ^! h greatly increas$ man's p[] ( (f5ce & def5ce1 yet ) all ^! ultra-mod]n improvem5ts1 animals are absolutely ess5tial 9 wag+ a successful w>4 ,9 milit>y circles !re is an ev]-increas+ dem& = well-tra9$ army horses1 s\nd 9 m9d & body & educat$ 9 mod]n campaign+4 ,above all1 an army horse mu/ be dep5dable1 mu/ love 8 soldi]-ma/] & mu/ "k absolute ob$i5ce to ord]s4 ,e army horse has to pass an exam9ation & prove 8 wor? be=e he is enli/$ into ! s]vice4 ,! l>ge/ ( ! m\nta9 guns us$ 9 ,italy aga9/ ! ,au/rians 7 drawn up ! /eep m\nta9s by mules4 ,ano!r #ge-millimetre gun = m\nta9 w>f>e is tak5 to pieces1 into f\r p>ts1 & ea* piece is sep>ately pack$ on a mule4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates cavalry has ! be/ tra9$ w> horses 9 ! _w2 _m ( !m actually und]/& ! complicat$ comm&s ( _! ma/]s4 ,^! horse soldi]s h ! insignia1 ,u4 ,s41 br&$ on ! ho( ( ! left =efoot1 & ! o!r animals 9 camp1 on ! %\ld]4 ,:5 a horse arrives at a regim5t he is assign$ to a troop accord+ to col\r1 size1 weight & m5tal effici5cy1 & lat] he is p]man5tly assign$ to a man4 ,"u no conditions is he int]*ang$ or ev5 ridd5 by ano!r ?an 8 ma/]1 & x is a/oni%+ ! trem5d\s affection t (t-times spr+s up betwe5 ! two2 9 _m in/ances horses h be5 kn[n to seek out _! ma/]s among hundr$s ( soldi]s4 ,on ! ,european battlefields1 ne> :i* !re are few or no railroads1 animals h be5 ! pr9cipal means ( transportation1 elephants1 camels1 horses1 mules & ox5 be+ *iefly us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! ,italian armies h us$ num]\s teams ( m\nta9-tra9$ bullocks to draw loads up ! m\nta9s1 &1 :ile !y _c asc5d roads z /eep z ^? :i* ! mules climb1 !y are v valuable = heavy loads4 ,^! bullocks "w fa/] ?an an army mule1 = a mule w nev] hurry4 ,z ! old d>key once said1 ,de mule w>n't born f] to hurry2 n ev5 a torp$o w\ld make him move "o /ep f>/]6 ,elephants h be5 us$ to a small degree 9 ! armies ( ,europe4 ,:ile !y are spl5did workm51 !y are dang]\sly subject to /amp$e1 & "o /amp$+ elephant c d mu* h>m 9 an army4 ,! ,briti% army has us$ q a few tra9$ elephants f ,india 9 _! ranks4 ,!y are especially employ$ to r\t ! enemy f small =e/s4 ,break+ ?r\gh bu%es1 cru%+ und]bru%1 & pull+ up small trees is _! specialty4 ,!y make spl5did bulw>ks = soldi]s1 & :5 an army is m>*+ ?r\gh a =e/1 are invaluable 9 cle>+ ! way4 ,a ,briti% (fic] decl>$ t "o tra9$ elephant is m valuable ?an a half-doz5 traction eng9es4 ,f> ! mo/ int]e/+ & curi\s use to :i* an animal is subject$ is ! use ( camels *os5 & tra9$ because ( _! /range col\r+ & height4 ,small gr\ps ( !m h be5 /ation$ among clumps ( acacia trees ) a spy m\nt$ on ! animal's neck4 ,?is is ! safe/ place a p]son c\ld be1 = ! camel or1 9 l mann]1 ! giraffe1 /&+ ) only 8 head above ! small trees1 looks precisely l a bit ( ! foliage 9 ! di/ance4 ,camels are especially good = des]t w>f>e1 because !y c g )\t wat] s long & c easily c>ry loads weigh+ f #djj to #ejj p\nds4 ,9 ! la/ ,afghan campaign ! ,briti% lo/ ov] #ej1jjj camels & 9 ! ,great ,w> !y h _h m ?an #fj1jjj 9 army s]vice 9 ,egypt4 ,camels are especially us$ = transportation purposes4 ,! ,briti% capture ( ,j]usalem 0 greatly aid$ by ^! des]t allies4 ,l>ge numb]s ( ox5 h be5 us$ 9 ! ,fr5* army4 ,!y d n balk at autos & "k no fe> ( %ells4 ,"o ( ! greate/ allies ( ! animal k+dom 9 w>f>e is ! dog4 ,^! allies are tra9$ to aid relief p>ties on ! battlefields1 & _m ( ! ambulance m5 h _! spl5didly tra9$ dogs = seek+ out w\nd$ soldi]s among ! dead4 ,!y are also tra9$ z gu>ds & wat*-dogs & !y become m>vell\sly clev] :5 us$ ne> ! fir+ l9es4 ,!y c>ry wat] 9 ! tr5*es & are tra9$ 9 packs to dism\nt enemy motorcycli/s by pull+ !m f _! ma*9es4 ,dogs also make spl5did sc\ts1 & excell5t & reliable mess5g]s :5 n requir$ to g too f>4 ,^! fai?ful fri5ds ( man1 accord+ to ,buffon1 are f> m easily taught ?an man1 & m easily l$ ?an any ( ! o!r animals1 = n only does ! dog become educat$ 9 a %ort "t1 b ev5 adapts himself to ! habits ( ^? :o control him4 ,accord+ to circum/ances1 a dog may become a soldi]1 mess5g]1 wat]-c>ri]1 or gu>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,esquimo-,,dog ,,is ,,man',s ,,greate/ ,,fri5d ,,9 ,,! ,,f> ,,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,,*ipmunks ,,are ,,among ,,! ,,mo/ ,,easily ,,tam$ ,,( ,,man',s ,,wild ,,fri5ds1 ,,& ,,!y ,,ev5 ,,seem ,,fond ,,( ,,human ,,companion%ip4 ,n ! lea/ among ! uses ( w> dogs is ! curi\s practice ( s5d+ !m into ! enemies' l9es ( cavalry to convey fire 9 ord] to t]rorise ! horses & ?r[ !m into confusion4 ,?is practice has be5 q common 9 ! pa/4 ,ea* dog is dress$ 9 a cuirass ( lea!r & on 8 back is c>efully /rapp$ a pot ( boil+1 blaz+ t>4 ,no?+ s t]rorises horses z ! sight ( approa*+ fire4 ,a small b valuable ally to man is ! f]ret4 ,?is little creature has come into prom95ce m p>ticul>ly dur+ rec5t ye>s1 :5 ! rat infe/$ tr5*es h made 8 s]vices invaluable4 ,^! ,hun-l rats1 dev\r+ & deva/at+ 9 _! ?ir/ = human blood1 w\ld h =c$ ! ab&onm5t ( _m a front l9e tr5* b = ! aid ( ^! tra9$ f]rets1 ?\s&s ( :i* h be5 daily employ$ on ! battle fronts4 ,! imm5se s]vices r5d]$ by c>ri] pigeons 9 ! battle ( ! ,m>ne1 n only to ! milit>y au?orities1 b also to ! public at l>ge1 w cause ! civilis$ _w to pay m att5tion to ! importance ( ^! birds 9 ! future4 ,!y c>ri$ all k9ds ( messages to & f ,p>is dur+ ?is memorable battle2 9 fact1 !y h be5 us$ 9 all ! battles z invaluable mess5g]s4 ,small animals1 su* z mice1 can>y birds1 gu9ea pigs & rabbits are us$ 9 tr5* w>f>e1 because !y are m s5sitive ?an man to poison\s gases4 ,x sometimes happ5s t hundr$s ( m5 mu/ be rescu$ f a tr5* by ?ree or f\r m54 ,ea* rescu] c>ries ) him a can>y bird 9 a small cage atta*$ to 8 %\ld]4 ,& z long z ^! birds %[ no signs ( di/ress ! m5 are safe f gas poison4 ,! birds soon become atta*$ to _! ma/]s & seem to l ! adv5ture ( ! tr5*es4 ,z "t goes on1 x is to be hop$ t we w und]/& our animal bro!rs bett]1 & t our old attitude t[>d ! s-call$ brutes w be entirely *ang$4 ,h]et(ore we h greatly abus$ ! zebra1 = example1 because ( 8 wild disposition1 f]oci\s hum\r1 di/ru/ ( all p[] except t 9 8 own legs1 & 8 pron\nc$ av]sion to "w4 ,:y %\ld we reproa* him = 8 wildwood philosophy8 ,x is p]fectly natural t any animal ( 8 exp]i5ce ) man1 & ) suffici5t bra9s1 w\ld h only contempt = all mank9d4 ,8 native home is 9 ,africa1 & 8 human associates1 if !y are human1 h be5 ! ,hott5tots1 ! ,namaquois or ! ,amaz\lons--! mo/ impossible & hide\s p on ! e>?4 ,s9ce 8 babyhood days he has se5 no?+ b cannibalism & c>nage among ! savages2 & s9ce 8 transportation to ,europe by a /range occurr5ce ( horrible circum/ances1 he has be5 ! subject = all k9ds ( b>b>\s puni%m5ts :i* man has se5 well to heap ^u him4 ,! zebra is n ( ! m5tal calibre to be sudd5ly seiz$ ) love = ! human species & its civilisations6 ,& ! human species is a/\nd$ & ?9ks ! zebra /upid & wick$4 ,he may be bo?1 b 8 wisdom is und5iable :5 x comes to tru/+ humanity1 & 8 wick$ness is small 9 comp>ison to man's t]rible cruelties4 ,he %\ld be aw>d$ a m$al = wisdom6 ,= man is f> ! great] ass ( ! two6 ,he roams ! wild prairies :]e ! fields ne$ no pl\gh+4 ,!re he f9ds an abundance ( grass & fre% wat] along ! /reams4 ,no l\d curs+ & swe>+ ev] greets 8 e>s1 no?+ b ! sweet song ( ! wild birds4 ,& 8 *ildr5 romp & play ) him1 free z ! w9ds t bl[4 ,( c\rse1 he has enemies ev5 !re1 & s he uses cam\flage by pa9t+ himself 9 attractive /ripes1 s no "o c see him at a di/ance4 ,ev5 ,solomon %\ld h prais$ 8 wisdom6 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ man1 & n long aft] gave him z 8 policeman1 ! dog4 ,& ! ob$i5ce1 fri5d%ip & devotion ( ! dog to 8 ma/] has be5 un5d+4 ,! dog discusses no que/ions ( "r or wrong1 8 only duty is to obey4 ,?is he does )\t a murmur4 ,he is ! greate/ te/imony to man's civilisation1 ! fir/ & ! greate/ elem5t ( human progress4 ,?r\gh 8 co-op]ation man 0 elevat$ f ! savage to ! /ate ( ! civilis$4 ,he made ! h]d possible4 ,)\t him !re c\ld h be5 no h]d1 no assur$ subsi/5ce ( food & clo?+1 no "t to /udy & improve ! m9d1 no a/ronomical obs]vations1 no sci5ce1 no arts1 no automobiles1 no air%ips1 no wireless telegraphy--no?+4 ,! ,ea/ is ! home ( civilisation1 because ! ,ea/ is ! home ( ! dog4 ,a "y h\nd kn[s m ab\t track+ game or sc5t+ ! enemy aft] six mon?s' practice ?an ! mo/ skill$ savage aft] fifty ye>s ( /udy4 ,! dog has s aid$ mank9d z to give him m "t = /udy & self-improvem5t4 ,?us began ! arts & sci5ces4 ,an int]e/+1 & we believe orig9al obs]vation1 ( ! influ5ce ( ! dog on peoples is t :]ev] ! dog is f\nd1 especially among ! %eph]d peoples1 su* z ! ,*aldeans1 ,egyptians1 ,arabs1 ,t>t>s1 & ,mongols1 cannibalism is unkn[n4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! dog enables !m to ma9ta9 ! h]ds :i* supply !m ) milk1 food1 & clo?+1 ?us pres]v+ !m f ! crim9al temptation ( hung]4 ,! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica nev] refra9$ f roa/+ _! enemies until !y made allies ( ! horse & dog4 ,humboldt proves ! lively regret held by "o ( ! la/ surviv+ *ief lieut5ants ( ! w>-l ,tecumseh :om he ask$ ab\t a c]ta9 ,am]ican (fic] :o took "p 9 ! fight4 ,uh6 repli$ ! ,indian1 ,i eat "s ( him4 ,d y /ill eat y\r enemies8 ask$ ,humboldt4 ,no1 repli$ ! ,indian4 ,big dog cat* heap meat = me6 ,surely no animal c\ld be m uncivilis$ or cannibali/ic 9 its desires ?an man6 ,sp9oza believ$1 h[ev]1 t b5evol5ce 9 animals consi/$ only 9 _! k9dl9ess & fri5dly feel+ = ea* o!r & t we %\ld expect no?+ m ( !m4 ,a good c[1 s he ?\ght1 0 "o t 0 k9d to h] calf1 h[ev] f]oci\s %e might be t[>d human *ildr54 ,b we d n accept ?is /&>d ( goodness1 nor believe t animals' k9dness ext5ds only to _! own tribes4 ,_! l[e/ /&>d ( life is no worse ?an ! cannibalism exi/+ among ! l[] tribes ( uncivilis$ man1 :i* is "o ( ! highe/ ideals ( tribal life4 ,! greate/ h]o among our savages is ! "o t c put ! mo/ enemies to dea?4 ,_m animals seem to h a social in/9ct & a moral s5tim5t t[>d man4 ,!y try to break ! old bonds ( di/ru/ betwe5 _! ma/] & !mselves4 ,?is is especially true ( ! puma1 second to ! l>ge/ ( ! big cats ( ! ,am]icas1 :i* seems to love ! society ( man1 & seeks n only to be ne> him1 b to protect him f ! attacks ( ! mu*-dread$ jagu>4 ,a civil eng9e] tells ! /ory ( an exp]i5ce he _h :ile j\rney+ up "o ( ! big ,s\? ,am]ican riv]s by boat4 ,at _! nightly encampm5ts "o ( ! pass5g]s on bo>d 0 an old m9] :o insi/$ on sleep+ 9 a hammock susp5d$ betwe5 two small trees4 ,8 weight 0 suffici5t to br+ ! hammock almo/ to ! gr\nd at its l[e/ curve4 ,"o morn+1 8 fri5ds inquir$ h[ he _h slept1 & he compla9$ t ! frogs & small animals _h made s mu* noise "u ! hammock t he c\ld n sleep4 ,"o ( ! ,indian s]vants ro>$ ) laught]1 z he said1 ,uh1 'tig]' sleep ) old man la/ night4 ,he wat* him6--tig] be+ ! ,indian t]m = ! puma4 ,c>eful se>*+ reveal$ ! footpr9ts ( an imm5se puma1 & t he _h evid5tly la9 directly "u ! hammock4 ,! noise :i* _h kept ! old man f sleep+ 0 ! purr+ ( ! animal1 pleas$ ov] ! privilege ( sleep+ s ne> a man4 ,^! ,guiana ,indians "k ! ways ( ! =e/s1 & h a special lik+ = wild animals4 ,?is entire abs5ce ( fe> 9 ! puma is ! same z exhibit$ by ! tame h\se cat4 ,_m animals seem fond ( human companion%ip1 & are easily tam$4 ,my si/] rais$ a small r$ de] 9 ,texas1 & he became s p]fectly tame t he w\ld foll[ h] :]ev] %e w5t1 & w\ld ev5 take food f h] h&4 ,9 ,yell[/one ,p>k ! de] are s tame !y w come into ! y>ds to get food1 :ile ! br[n be>s approa* ! hotels l tramps1 & _m ( ! small] animals are p]fectly fe>less4 ,at ! ,bronx ,zoological ,g>d5s1 & ! ,london ,zoo1 ! animals h lo/ all fe>4 ,!y seem to realise t !y h no p[] to escape & dep5d entirely ^u man = _! daily food4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 _! conditions are artificial1 h5ce su* conclusions z we may draw z to _! normal attitude t[>d man d n necess>ily indicate ! innate "* ( _! wild k9sm54 ,we occasionally f9d1 = in/ance1 t 9 unsettl$ regions l p>ts ( ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e animals are pl5tiful & man's influ5ce l>gely abs5t1 !y are f\nd to be p>ticul>ly f]oci\s1 yet ev5 !n lions & leop>ds r>ely attack m5 unless di/urb$ 9 "s unusual way4 ,q a few naturali/s & sci5ti/s believe t ! animals' love = man 0 acquir$ & n natural4 ,b if ?is be true1 h[ did ! v e>ly tribes ( m5 escape de/ruction at ! h&s ( ! wild bea/s :i* 7 f> m num]\s ?an at pres5t8 ,! animal k+dom 0 evid5tly impress$ by ! p[] ( man at a v e>ly /age ( its developm5t1 b 9 j :at mann] or :at p]iod ( "t ?is came to pass is n kn[n4 ,if we reg>d ! conflict z m]ely betwe5 two great gr\ps ( animals1 surely ! animals %\ld h won1 & man w\ld h disappe>$ f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! fact t he did n1 & t he became ma/] ( ! animals1 is presumptive evid5ce t man exce$$ ! animals 9 intellig5ce4 ,primitive man c\ld h liv$ 9 no o!r way ?an by 8 wits4 ,= he 0 n ne>ly s well equipp$ = def5ce z are ! monkeys ( to-day4 ,_! greate/ p[] is 9 ! ability to use _! arms & h&s 9 sw++ rapidly f bran* to bran*4 ,?is gives !m an advantage ov] all tree-climb+ cats4 ,!y are v pr(ici5t 9 ?r[+ /ones & o!r missiles4 ,?is is dumbf\nd+ to o!r animals4 ,( c\rse1 _! intellig5t & quick-witt$ me?ods ( def5ce1 m5ace1 gu>d-duty1 & loyalty to tribe makes !m great w>riors1 & enables !m to survive ev5 ! onslaughts ( _! greate/ enemy & nightm>e ( e non-c>nivor\s animal--! h>py eagle6 ,?r\gh ! necess>y adju/m5ts gr[+ out ( ! close relation%ips ( m5 to animals1 ! m5tal faculties ( bo? h be5 greatly /imulat$ & advanc$4 ,! lea/ develop$ races seem to be 9 su* places z ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 :]e !re are no savage animals1 &1 !re=e1 no inducem5t = man to arm & def5d himself4 ,! ,pygmies ( ,c5tral ,africa are mighty hunt]s1 o!rwise !y c\ld n survive4 ,ev5 ! ,esquimaux are ma/]s ( ! great pol> be>s & o!r nor!rn animals4 ,9 ! wilds ( ,africa1 :]e animals h _h a t]rible /ruggle = exi/5ce1 n only aga9/ disagreeable climatic conditions1 b all k9ds ( fell[-foes z well1 we f9d ! nk5gos h atta9$ a civilisation t almo/ equals t ( our savage bro!rs4 ,& ^! pale-fac$ little be+s1 ) _! wr9kl$1 c>e-worn1 p>*m5t-l sk9s1 rem9d "o ( ill-treat$1 :ite1 human-dw>fs4 ,_! "n1 nk5go1 means wild animal-m51 & :5 tam$ !y actually make excell5t family s]vants = m54 ,^! close/ allies ( man live 9 tall bamboo trees1 & are s curi\sly human t :5 se5 walk+ ar\nd hunt+ b]ries1 nuts1 & fruits1 talk+ 9 guttural1 *att]+ tones1 l old fi%]-wom51 no "o c\ld d\bt ev5 _! k9%ip to man4 ,_! *ildr5 assemble 9 gr\ps to romp & play "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ei!r "o ( _! mo!rs or gr&mo!rs2 :ile ! m5 =age = food1 & wat* = enemies4 ,x is n uncommon to see an ag$1 half-decrepit nk5go ly+ on a b$ ( /icks 9 a tall tree4 ,"h he eats only gre5 leaves & bits ( fruit br\ght him by "s k9d fri5d1 be+ f> too weak to hunt = food himself1 & fur!rmore1 fe>+ an attack f 8 mortal enemy1 ! leop>d4 ,if ! colony decides to move to o!r t]ritory1 ei!r because ( enemies or ! sc>city ( food1 !y all assemble & hold a f>ewell ga!r+ 9 :i* !re is mu* m\rn+ & app>5t grief at =ev] leav+ _! ag$ k9 to ! fate ( ! wilds4 ,if !y are possibly able to walk1 !y are giv5 pati5t assi/ance 9 travell+ along4 ,sometimes1 :5 !y are des]t$1 sympa!tic fri5ds return = days ) b]ries & koola nuts1 until at la/ ! colony has gone s f> away t none d>e return alone1 9 :i* ev5t ^! helpless sup]annuat$ memb]s are left to die 9 _! lone tree-top b$s4 ,_m ( ^! b$s are z well made z ! tree-b$s ( human be+s1 & ev5 bett] ?an ! b$s ( ! savage ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,!y are usually locat$ 9 tall trees1 inaccessible to leop>ds & out ( rea* ( _! mo/ dread$ ( all enemies1 ! t]rible hordes ( w>-ants4 ,f ^! no?+ escapes--n ev5 elephants & tig]s4 ,! arrival ( a baby to ^! nk5gos is ( f> m importance 9 _! tree-top village1 ?an 9 a human city4 ,ea* ( ! female relatives1 & also ! ag$ males1 takes special int]e/ 9 ! new-com]1 & !y *att] ar\nd 8 little grape-v9e cradle ) mu* en?usiasm1 %ak+ _! heads & delicately h&l+ 8 t9y h&s & toes z ?\gh he 7 ! baby ( a k+4 ,?is baby is mu* /rong] & quick] to le>n ?an human babies2 = :5 he is only two days old he is able to cl+ to 8 "m1 s t %e c c>ry him ) h] on h] hunt+ trips4 ,if he becomes too noisy f %e] delight :5 %e is travell+ ?r\gh ! =e/ ) him1 %e slaps him1 9 an attempt to quiet him1 le/ ! leop>ds get him4 ,at night he sleeps snugly by 8 "m's side 9 ! great tree-b$1 & %e nev] all[s him to crawl out ( h] arms = fe> t he fall to ! dep?s bel[4 ,%e loves him de>ly1 & wat*es ) human eag]ness = 8 fir/ too?4 ,he loves 8 "m & w /& = h\rs :ile %e dresses 8 hair2 or lie on h] brea/ z %e rubs 8 little back4 ,^! wild-*ildr5 are always ill-temp]$ & self-will$4 ,no human "m has to %[ m pati5ce & love ?an does ! nk5go "m4 ,%e takes ! greate/ delight 9 8 fir/ ef=ts at climb+ & hunt+1 & = h\rs %e & 8 admir+ relatives w wat* him attempt+ to climb a cocoanut tree4 ,sometimes %e w climb j beh9d him to cat* him if he falls or becomes fright5$4 ,8 arms soon become v p[]ful1 = he is con/antly sw++1 climb+1 & ex]cis+ by hang+ f a b\gh ) "o h& :ile he pulls himself up ) ! great p[] ( 8 muscles4 ,he is able to ga!r koola nuts long be=e 8 jaws are /rong en\gh to crack !m2 s 8 fond "m cracks !m = him until 8 h&s & m\? are /rong]4 ,l all babies1 8 ambition is to be big & /rong l 8 fa!r4 ,"s ( ! apes are mo/ intellig5t & human1 &1 z allies to man1 are m desirable ?an c]ta9 ( ! human savages4 ,dr4 ,liv+/one1 9 8 ,la/ ,j\rnals1 describes "o he fir/ discov]$4 ,_! tee?1 he says1 are slightly human1 b _! can9es %[ ! bea/ by _! l>ge developm5t4 ,! h&s1 or r ! f+]s1 are l ^? ( ! natives4 ,!y live 9 communities consi/+ ( ab\t a doz5 individuals1 & are /rictly monogam\s 9 _! conjugal relations1 & veget>ian1 or r frugivor\s1 9 _! diet1 _! fav\rite food be+ bananas4 ,! natives :]e ^! apes live are cannibals1 & ,dr4 ,liv+/one says1 !y are ! l[e/ ( ! l[4 ,"o ( _! numb]1 :o _h committ$ a great murd]1 (f]$ 8 gr&mo!r to be kill$ 9 expiation ( 8 (f5ce1 & ?is vic>i\s puni%m5t 0 accept$ z satisfactory4 ,?us x is evid5t t c]ta9 ( ^! wild-creatures--l ! sokos--h a m correct conception ( ju/ice ?an _! human associates1 ! savages4 ,at lea/ ! animals d n make ! innoc5t suff] = ! guilty1 & give _! lives unju/ly4 ,%\ld a soko try to take ano!r's wife he is publicly puni%$ by ! tribe4 ,^! animals h a great s5se ( hum\r & fully enjoy a practical joke4 ,/rangely en\gh1 !y nev] attack wom5 & *ildr51 b if any man approa*es !m ) a spe> or gun1 !y try to ru% ^u him1 (t5 at ! exp5se ( _! own life1 & wre/ ! weapon f him4 ,mo/ ( !m are exce$+ly k9d & civilis$ 9 _! actions1 & natives always say1 ,soko is a man1 & no?+ bad 9 him4 ,(t5 !y kidnap babies & c>ry !m up into trees4 ,b ^! are nev] h>m$ & ! apes are ev] ready to ex*ange !m = bananas4 ,! robb]y is1 no d\bt1 = ! purpose ( extortion4 ,if p]*ance "o ( _! *ildr5 is /ol51 ! entire =e/ sets up a scream & wail until x is return$4 ,old hunt]s & travell]s say t !y w\ld r /eal ! *ild ( a native savage ?an to take "o ( ! sokos4 ,if "o ( ! soko *ildr5 disappe>s1 & !y d n "k :at became ( x1 !y imm$iately s5d out detectives ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry to seek = x4 ,& woe be ! home :]e a /ol5 soko baby is f\nd6 ,b man has "o great p[]--a f> m pot5t ally ?an he has 9 8 animal fri5ds--! use ( fire4 ,unque/ionably to ! m9ds ( animals x is a sup]natural p[]4 ,!y _c create x1 und]/& x1 & x is v d\btful if !y c yet use x to advantage4 ,h[ m>vell\s is ?is ?+--fire6 ,t great blaz+ pill> ( cl\d t de/roys all1 & leaves no?+ to %[ :]e x has tak5 its enemies6 ,to animals x spr+s up :]ev] man re/s 8 head1 & protects him :ile he sleeps4 ,x is always ) him1 & its pres5ce = untold ages has br\ght t]ror to all ( !m4 ,n a few reports tell u t c]ta9 ( our animal allies among ! monkeyfolk ( ,s\? ,africa use fire4 ,?is may n be true2 b x is probable t ! "t is ne> at h& :5 ! wild baboon-m5 ( ! woods w le>n to make & use fire j z we h done4 ,en\gh in/ances c\ld be %[n illu/rat+ animals z man's allies to fill an entire book1 b a suffici5t numb] h be5 adduc$ to %[ h[ truly !y are our allies1 help]s1 & protectors j z we are !irs1 only _! mode ( manife/+ x is diff]5t4 ,we h %[n ! absolute fallacy ( ! old belief t animals lack m5tality1 & t all _! acts ( k9dness are bas$ ^u self-love & p]sonal ga91 & h se5 t 9 proportion to _! opportunities 9 life1 !y h q z mu* m5tality & bro!rly love = ea* o!r & mank9d z is f\nd among our l[] savages4 ,we h se5 t among animals z among m51 individuals w give _! lives = _! fell[s1 s]ve ! weak & timid1 & demon/rate ! highe/ & holie/ feel+s ( :i* true s\ls c be capable1 & always %>e equally ) man ! burd5s t fall ^u !mselves & _! human allies4 ,& ! "t is already "h :5 man %\ld protect 8 animal fri5ds m1 & tea* !m ?r\gh human k9dness n to fe> him4 ,b ?is c only be done :5 he is will+ to treat !m z fell[ be+s only a little bel[ him 9 ! scale ( exi/5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,future ,,life ,,( ,,animals ,ah1 poor companion6 :5 ?\ foll[$/ la/ ,?y ma/]'s p>t+ foot/eps to ! gate ,:i* clos$ =ev] on him1 ?\ did/ lose ,?y be/ fri5d1 & none 0 left to plead ,= ! old age ( brute fidelity4 ,b f>e !e well4 ,m9e is no n>r[$ cre$2 ,& ,he :o gave !e be+ did n frame ,! my/]y ( ,life to be ! sport ,( m]ciless man4 ,!re is ano!r _w ,= all t live & move--a bett] "o6 ,:]e ! pr\d bip$s1 :o w\ld fa9 conf9e ,( _! own *>ity1 may envy !e4 --,,s\!y 7on ! dea? ( 8 dog74 ,! old belief is /ill preval5t t ! ,bible tea*es t ( all liv+ creatures man alone is immortal4 ,?is errone\s belief spr+s out ( man's egotism1 h[ev]1 & is n sub/antiat$ by ! ,scriptures4 ,among _m ( ! ,old ,te/am5t writ]s we f9d t immortality 0 assur$ = nei!r man nor animals2 :]eas1 ) ! l>g] revelation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 immortality is no long] que/ion$ = any liv+ creature4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m suppos$ly intellig5t p :o d5y to animals ! p[] ( reason1 & attribute all _! m>vell\s p[]s & abilities to bl9d in/9ct4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n ! lea/ bit surpris+ t ! va/ majority ( p believe t :5 an animal dies1 its life pr9ciple dies also4 ,! animat+ p[]1 !y believe1 is de/roy$1 & ! body returns to ! du/4 ,^! mi/ak5 conclusions are l>gely1 if n :olly1 due to two passages ( ,scripture1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,psalms & ! o!r 9 ,ecclesia/es4 ,! "o mo/ (t5 quot$1 f ! ,psalms1 runs 9 ! au?oris$ v]sion3 ,nev]!less1 man be+ 9 honor1 abide? n2 he is l ! bea/s t p]i%4 ,?is v]se is frequ5tly quot$ z decisive ( ! :ole "q4 ,! o!r passage1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,ecclesia/es1 reads3 ,:o kn[e? ! _s ( man t goe? upw>d1 & ! _s ( ! bea/ t goe? d[nw>d to ! e>?8 ,x is ^u ! au?ority ( ^! two passages t we are suppos$ to believe t :5 an animal dies1 its life has gone =ev]1 dep>t$1 expir$4 ,9 ?is new age ( ?\ght & discov]y1 we d n attempt to expla9 a passage ( ,scripture1 no matt] h[ simple x may appe> to be1 )\t ref]r+ to ! orig9al text1 t we may see if ! translator has kept ! true s5se ( ! words & adequately express$ _! significance1 rememb]+ t words (t5 *ange _! mean+1 & t ! orig9al use ( a ^w may h convey$ exactly ! opposite mean+ to t :i* we at pres5t atta* to x4 ,b if we accept ! passage j z x /&s1 ) ! lit]al mean+ ( ! words z is usually und]/ood1 !re is b "o conclusion--animals h no future life4 ,dea? ends all = !m4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if we are to take ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! ,bible only1 we are =c$ to believe t man1 z well z ! animals1 has no life aft] dea?4 ,surely ! book ( ,psalms is full ( examples to support ?is lit]al int]pretation4 ,= example1 ,9 dea? !re is no remembrance ( !e3 9 ! grave1 :o %all give !e ?anks8 ,aga91 ,! dead praise n ! ,"l1 nei!r any t g d[n into sil5ce4 ,or1 ,8 brea? goe? =?1 he returne? to 8 e>?2 9 t v day 8 ?\ghts p]i%4 ,^! quotations c\ld be greatly add$ to1 & if tak5 9 _! lit]al s5se1 we w\ld rea* b "o conclusion--dea? ends all = e liv+ creature6 ,no?+ 9 all ! lit]ature ( ! e>? c\ld be m gloomy & disc\rag+ ?an ^! quotations ) num]\s o!rs t contemplate dea?4 ,yet1 va9 man takes "o little passage t seem+ly d5ies a future life to animals f ! same book t _m times ov] d5ies a future life to mank9d2 9 fact1 !re are five times z _m ,scripture passages claim+ = man t all ends 9 dea? z !re are = animals4 ,ov] & ov] we are told t ^? :o h di$ h no remembrance ( ,god1 & _c praise ,him4 ,! ,bible speaks ( dea? z ! l& ( =getfulness1--! place ( d>kness1 :]e all man's ?\ghts p]i%4 ,no?+ m ?an ?is c\ld be said ( ! animals t p]i%6 ,o!r ,biblical writ]s ref]r$ to mank9d z ^? :o dwell 9 h\ses ( clay1 & ,job says3 ,!y are de/roy$ f morn+ to ev5+2 !y p]i% =ev]1 )\t any reg>d+ x4 ,9 ano!r place he says3 ,z ! cl\d is consum$ & vani%e? away1 s he t goe? d[n to ! grave %all come up no m4 ,aga9 he speaks ( ! l& ( d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 & says3 ,man die?1 & wa/e? away3 yea1 man give? up ! gho/1 & :]e is he8 ,z ! wat]s fail f ! sea1 & ! flood decaye? & drie? up3 s man lie? d[n1 & rise? n4 ,job lam5ts ! pitiable conditions ( 8 life1 & compla9s t life 0 ev] grant$ to him1 & t ev5 dea? c br+ no?+ to him except ext9ction4 ,yet1 if we exam9e ,ecclesia/es1 ! book 9 :i* we f9d ! s+le passage ^u :i* _m p base a belief 9 ! non-future exi/5ce ( animals1 !re are passages :i* are really no m positive z to ! future ( mank9d4 ,= example1 ,i said 9 my he>t conc]n+ ! e/ate ( ! sons ( m51 t ,god might manife/ !m1 & t !y might see t !y !mselves are bea/s4 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s2 ev5 "o ?+ befalle? !m4 ,z ! "o die?1 s die? ! o!r2 yea1 !y h all "o brea?1 s t a man has no pre-em95ce ov] a bea/3 = all is vanity4 ,all g unto "o place2 all are ( ! du/1 & all turn to ! du/ aga94 ,aga9 x is said3 ,= ! liv+ "k t !y %all die1 b ! dead "k n any?+1 nei!r h !y any m a rew>d1 = ! memory ( !m is =gott52 & ,:atsoev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) ?y might2 = !re is no "w1 nor device1 nor k1 nor wisdom 9 ! grave :i!r ?\ goe/4 ,by int]pret+ ^! words lit]ally1 !re is b "o conclusion relative to a future spiritual life1 namely1 t !re is absolutely no di/9ction betwe5 man & 8 l[] bro!r animals1 & t :5 !y die !y all g to ! same place4 ,x is emphatically said t aft] dea? man kn[s no?+1 receives no rew>d1 & c d no "w4 ,job has ! same gloomy /ra9 runn+ ?r\gh 8 writ+s1 & ,ecclesia/es gives a mo/ morbid & gloomy view ( dea?4 ,h[ev]1 no mod]n ,biblical s*ol> accepts ^! passages 9 ?is lit]al light1 = x is kn[n t !y 7 writt5 symbolically1 or z p>ables1 & 7 n int5d$ to be lit]ally int]pret$4 ,!y h a spiritual significance4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 n int]e/$ "h s mu* ) ?is spiritual s5se z we are ) ! lit]al implication ( ! translation4 ,!re=e1 accord+ to ?is lit]al mean+ ( ! two texts1 if we accept !m to prove t animals h no future life1 we are =c$ to believe by at lea/ f\rte5 passages1 ( equal if n great] p[]1 t man %>es _! same fate aft] dea?4 ,no man has a "r to select c]ta9 passages f ! same book ( ! ,bible & say t !y %all be accept$ lit]ally1 & t o!r passages ( equal m]it %all be int]pret$ o!rwise4 ,!y mu/ all be treat$ ! same4 ,all s*ol>s are famili> ) t rem>kable elev5? book ( ,hom]'s ,odyssey1 kn[n z ! ,necromanteia1 or ,invocation ( ! ,dead1 & 9 x ,ulysses desc5ds into ! regions ( ! dep>t$ spirits to invoke !m & obta9 advice z to 8 future adv5tures4 ,"o comm5tator says3 ,he sails to ! b\nd>ies ( ! ocean1 & l&s 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,cimm]ians1 :o dwell 9 p]petual cl\d & d>kness1 & 9 ^: c\ntry are ! gates lead+ to ! regions ( ! dead4 ,all is d>kness1 discont5t1 hung]2 no?+ is said ( virtue1 wisdom1 beauty1 happ9ess4 ,only bitt] gloom6 ,no wond] ?is hea!n poet consid]$1 ) su* views ( a future life1 s5sual pleasures z ! *ief object ( ?is life4 ,! foll[+ dialogue betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! e>? & ! dwell] 9 ! regions ( ! dead--betwe5 ,ulysses & ,a*illes--is rem>kable = its horrible depiction ( ! future life3 ,?r\gh ! ?ick gloom 8 fri5d ,a*illes knew1 ,z he speaks ! te>s dissolve 9 dew4 ',come/ ?\ alive to view ! ,/ygian b\nds1 ,:]e ! wan spectres walk et]nal r\nds2 ,nor fe>'/ ! d>k & dismal wa/e to tread1 ,?rong$ ) pale gho/s famili> ) ! dead8' ,to :om ) sighs1 ',i pass ^! dreadful gates ,to seek ! ,!ban1 & consult ! ,fates2 ,= /ill di/ress$ ,i roam f coa/ to coa/1 ,lo/ to my fri5ds & to my c\ntry lo/4 ,b sure ! eye ( ,"t beholds no "n ,s bless$ z ?9e 9 all ! rolls ( fame2 ,alive we hail$ !e ) our gu>dian gods1 ,&1 dead ?\ rule/ a k+ 9 ^! abodes4' ',talk n ( rul+ 9 ?is dolor\s gloom1 ,nor ?9k va9 words 7he cri$7 c ease my doom4 ,r ,i'd *oose labori\sly to be> ,a weight ( woes & brea! ! vital air1 ,a slave = "s poor h9d t toils = bread1 ,?an reign ! scept]$ mon>* ( ! dead4' ,yet1 ev5 ?is outp\r+ ( hopeless words by ! hea!n poet is enc\rag+ :5 comp>$ to ! writ+s ( ! ,psalmi/1 ( ,solomon or ,job1 = ^? :o h gone beyond ! grave /ill h memory1 an int]e/ 9 _! fri5ds on e>?1 love & desire4 ,b no su* hope exi/s = man1 if we are to accept lit]ally all ! passages ( ,scripture :i* h be5 quot$4 ,by su* int]pretation1 man passes aft] dea? into et]nal d>kness1 =getfulness1 sil5ce1 :]e !re is no "w1 nor device1 nor k1 nor wisdom--:]e ev5 8 v ?\ghts p]i%4 ,if ^! p>ticul> passages are to be accept$ z f9al on ! subject1 !re is no future life = ei!r man or animal4 ,!y are too def9ite to admit ( any int]pretation t might s(t5 or alt] _! mean+4 ,x may be %ock+ to "s to comp>e ! belief ( an anci5t ,greek & ! tea*+s ( a ,lat9 ,epicurean ) ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! ,bible4 ,yet1 x may be ev5 m />tl+ to po9t out t "s ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,epicurean s5suali/ are q z good z "s ( ^? ( ! writ]s ( ! sacr$ texts1 & t ^? ( ! ,greek poet are f> bett] & m spiritual6 ,!re is no d5y+ t ^! are ! facts1 if we are to be b\nd by lit]al int]pretation1 unless we ?r[ to ! w9ds all reason & common-s5se4 ,?is leads u back to ! po9t previ\sly m5tion$2 & we mu/ det]m9e if ! au?oris$ v]sion gives a full & tru?ful int]pretation ( ! ,hebrew orig9al4 ,ev5 a man :o does n pret5d to s*ol>%ip kn[s t x does n4 ,! ^w p]i%1 = example1 is n f\nd at all 9 ! ,hebrew text1 nor is ! idea express$2 ! words :i* our translation twice r5d]s z bea/s t p]i%1 is1 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew1 dumb bea/s4 ,by comp>+ a numb] ( ! translations ( ! ,psalms1 into v>i\s languages--,psalm ,,xlix1 = example--we f9d t few1 if any1 ( !m sugge/ ! idea ( p]i%+ 9 ! s5se ( annihilation4 ,fir/1 let u consid] ! ,jewi% ,bible1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be ! mo/ accurate translation 9 ! ,engli% language1 & c>efully read x4 ,9 v]ses #ab & #bj ( ! above ,psalm1 :]e ! passage is f\nd1 ! translation reads3 ,man t is 9 hon\r1 & und]/&e? ?is n1 is l ! bea/s t are irrational4 ,9 a footnote ! ^w dumb is (f]$ z an alt]native = irrational4 ,brunton's translation ( ! ,septuag9t is simil>1 & reads3 ,man t is 9 hon\r und]/&s n1 he is comp>$ to ! s5seless cattle1 & is l !m4 ,wycliffe's ,bible1 :i* is translat$ f ! ,vulgate1 reads ?us3 ,a man :anne he 0 9 hon\r und]/ood x n2 he is comp>$ to unwise bee/is1 & is maad lijk to ?o4 ,! ,d\ay ,bible1 put =? by ! ,engli% ,ca?olic ,college ( ,d\ay & :i* is receiv$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 gives ! passage3 ,man1 :5 he 0 9 hon\r1 did n und]/&2 he ha? be5 comp>$ to s5seless bea/s1 & made l to !m4 ,_m o!r v]sions might be cit$1 & v few ( !m ev5 sugge/ ! idea ( annihilation4 ,if1 = argum5t's sake1 we suppose t ! ^w p]i% has be5 correctly translat$1 x by no means foll[s t annihilation is signifi$4 ,read1 = example1 ! t5? v]se ( ! same ,psalm 9 our au?oris$ translation3 ,= he see? t wise m5 die1 & likewise ! fool & ! bruti% p]son p]i%1 & leave _! weal? to o!rs4 ,c]ta9ly no intellig5t p]son w\ld int]pret ?is passage z decl>+ t ! wise & ! fooli% & ! bruti% h no life aft] ! body dies4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t we may dismiss =ev] ! idea t ! ,psalmi/ believ$ ! bea/s _h no future life1 & ! citation may be reject$ z absolutely irrelevant to ! subject1 & ! only "o t appe>s to make any def9ite /atem5ts z to ! future life ( ! l[] animals4 ,e /ud5t ( ! ,bible w at once recognise h[ necess>y x is t ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ,hebrew text %\ld be kn[n1 & t ! ,psalmi/ %\ld n be accus$ ( sett+ =? a doctr9e ( su* great importance1 :e!r true or false1 :5 he may nev] ev5 h ?\ght or sugge/$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m5 ,,cruelly ,,take ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,^! ,,d5iz5s ,,( ,,! ,,wildwood1 ,,rejoic+ ,,9 ,,_! ,,slaught]1 ,,b ,,! ,,animal ,,s\l ,,!y ,,_c ,,kill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,pals4 ,,!re ,,is ,,betwe5 ,,man ,,& ,,dog ,a ,,k9%ip ,,( ,,_s ,,t ,,_c ,,be ,,d5i$4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( ! possibility ( a misund]/&+ ( ! real mean+ ( ! bea/s t p]i%1 let u consid] ! quotation f ,ecclesia/es1 ! only "o t ref]s to ! future /ate ( animals4 ,:o kn[e? ! _s ( man t goe? upw>d1 & ! _s ( ! bea/ t goe? d[nw>d to ! e>?8 ,we f9d an admission "h t1 :e!r ! _s asc5ds or desc5ds1 man & bea/s alike h ! immortal sp>k4 ,! ,hebrew v]sion is precisely ! same z our au?oris$ translation4 ,read1 n an isolat$ v]se1 b ! entire passage3 ,i said 9 m9e he>t conc]n+ ! e/ate ( ! sons ( man1 t ,god might manife/ !m1 & t !y might see t !y !mselves are bea/s4 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s2 ev5 ! "o ?+ befalle? !m2 z ! "o die?1 s die? ! o!r2 yea1 !y h all "o brea?2 s t a man ha? no pre-em95ce above a bea/3 = all is vanity4 ,all g to "o place2 all are ( ! same du/1 & all turn to du/ aga94 ,:o kn[e? ! _s ( man t goe? upw>d1 & ! _s ( ! bea/ t goe? d[nw>d to ! e>?8 ,:]e=e ,i p]ceive t !re is no?+ bett] ?an t a man %\ld rejoice 9 8 own works2 = t is 8 portion2 = :o %all br+ him to see :at %all be aft] him8 ,^! v]ses tell _! own /ory4 ,x matt]s little :e!r ,solomon wrote ?is book 9 8 lat] ye>s2 x is1 9 any ev5t1 ! confession ( "o :o has _h all ! good ?+s ( ?is _w1 & :o saw ! empt9ess ( !m all1 & :o sums up life ) ! words ,vanity ( vanities1 all is vanity4 ,f9ally ! au?or ironically advises 8 read]s to tru/ only 9 ! good ( _! lab\r4 ,?us x is %[n t ! quotation f ! ,psalms 9 no way ju/ifies ! belief 9 ! annihilation ( bea/s1 & t ! "o f ,ecclesia/es has be5 entirely & wrongfully misund]/ood & int]pret$4 ,9 no way d ! ,scriptures d5y future life to ! l[] animals1 b 9 all ways1 if intellig5tly und]/ood1 imply t man & bea/s h1 equally1 a %>e 9 a future life beyond ! grave4 ,z we h f\nd out t ! ,scriptures1 contr>y to ! popul> belief1 d n d5y a future life to our l[] bre?r51 ! animals1 let u see if !y actually decl>e a future _w = !m 9 ! same way t !y d = man4 ,man's immortality1 z we "k1 is taught 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t r by inf]5ce ?an by direct affirmation4 ,?is is possibly due to ! fact t ! writ]s ( ! manifold books1 :i* 7 at a late date select$ f a l>ge numb] & made into "o big volume :i* =ms our ,bible1 ?\ght z a matt] ( c\rse t man liv$ on aft] dea?1 & nev] ?\ght x necess>y to ass]t t :i* e "o knew4 ,b if we accept ! tea*+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 inf]5ce gives mu* /rong] te/imony to ! immortality ( animals ?an x does to ! immortality ( man1 = :ile 9 nei!r case is !re a direct ass]tion ( a future life1 yet !re is no direct d5ial ( future life to ! animals1 z has be5 %[n to be ! case ) man4 ,all ,div9e ,law includes a protection = ! bea/s1 & ! laws ( ! ,sabba? 7 9 ess5ce a spiritual & n only a physical ord9ance4 ,! anci5t ,scriptures h innum]able provisions aga9/ mi/reat+ or giv+ unnecess>y pa9 to ! l[] animals2 & ^! provisions /& side by side 9 ! ,div9e ,law ) ^? :i* speak ( man4 ,note1 = example1 ! prohibition ( see?+ a kid 9 its "m's milk4 ,aga91 !re is a /atem5t t ! ox 9 tread+ out ! corn is n to be muzzl$1 le/ he suff] hung] 9 ! pres5ce ( food :i* he may n eat4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces f ! ,book ( ,jonah1 x is pla9ly se5 t ! ,deity has n fail$ to take notice ( ! animals3 ,& %\ld ,i n sp>e ,n9eveh1 t great city1 :]e9 are m ?an six score ?\s& p]sons t _c disc]n betwe5 _! "r h& & _! left h&2 & also mu* cattle8 ,aga91 9 ! ,psalms1 ,e bea/ ( ! =e/ is m9e1 & ! cattle ^u a ?\s& hills4 ,i "k all ! f[ls ( ! m\nta9s3 & ! wild bea/s ( ! field are m9e4 ,o!r passages t proclaim ,god z ! protector ( bea/s1 z well z man1 might be cit$1 = ! ,bible makes frequ5t m5tion ( !m4 ,ea* ( ^! ,scriptures unque/ionably proves t ,god has an int]e/ 9 all ,8 creatures1 & t ea* %>es ,8 univ]sal love4 ,no "o c d5y t ,g5esis1 n9? *apt] & fif? v]se1 ref]s to a future life = bea/s z well z man2 x is a "p ( ! law :i* 0 giv5 to ,noah & :i* 0 ! =]unn] ( ! full] law h&$ d[n ?r\gh ,moses3 ,surely1 y\r blood ( y\r lives w ,i require2 at ! h& ( e bea/ w ,i require x1 & at ! h& ( e man2 at ! h& ( e man's bro!r w ,i require ! life ( man4 ,accord+ to ! ,mosaic law1 an ox :i* kills a man is subject to dea?1 exactly z a human murd]]4 ,:y %\ld ! animal be puni%$ by dea?1 if he has no s\l to be =feit$8 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t :ile !re are no ,scriptural passages t def9itely promise immortality to animals1 !re are _m :i* inf] x4 ,moreov]1 we %\ld n expect to ga9 def9ite in=mation on ! subject f ! ,bible1 = x 0 writt5 = human be+s & n = animals4 ,if !re are few direct ref]5ces to ! future life ( man1 surely !re mu/ be /ill few] to t ( animals6 ,b j z man has = c\ntless ages _h )9 himself an ev]la/+ witness to 8 own immortality1 s d we f9d t all :o h really become acqua9t$ ) ! l[] animals1 ) _! unselfi%ness1 p>5tal love1 devotion to duty1 g5]osity1 wond]ful m5tality1 & self-sacrifice--all ^? :o "k !m realise t !y are subject to ! same moral law z man & %>e ) him a future life4 ,lam>t9e beautifully expresses a future hope = 8 fai?ful dog3 ,i _c1 w n1 deem !e a deceiv+1 ,illusive mock]y ( human feel+1 ,a body organiz$1 by fond c>ess ,w>m$ into seem+ t5d]ness2 ,a m]e automaton1 on :i* our love ,plays1 z on puppets1 :5 _! wires we move4 ,no6 :5 t feel+ quits ?y glaz+ eye1 ',twill live 9 "s ble/ _w beyond ! sky4 ,:o c say t f ! dep?s ( ! wide ocean1 f regions unkn[n1 & l&s unexplor$ by man2 f ! remote/ isl&s ( ! sea1 & ev5 f ! f> icy ,nor?1 !re are n animal voices ev] ris+ 9 praise ( our common ,creator8 ,! ,bible says3 ,! ,"l is good to all1 & ,8 t5d] m]cies are ov] all ,8 works1 &1 ,all ,?y works %all praise !e1 ,o ,"l1--surely ^! endorse ! above /atem5ts4 ,& :y %\ld man def9e ! limit ( ,god's goodness1 ,8 love1 c>e1 & att5tion to ! wants & ne$s ( all ,8 creatures8 ,! di/+ui%$ animal au?ority1 ,dr4 ,ab]crombie1 admitt$ t animals h an immat]ial pr9ciple 9 !m1 :i* is di/9ct f matt]4 ,b he does n say t ?is pr9ciple1 or s\l1 w live aft] dea?1 z x is suppos$ to 9 man4 ,h[ev]1 _m s*ol>s bo? ( anci5t & mod]n times hold ?is op9ion4 ,brod]ip1 9 8 ,zoological ,recreations devotes mu* space 9 ref]r+ to anci5t philosoph]s & poets1 ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 & ,jewi% ,rabbis t h believ$ 9 ! immortality ( animals4 ,! h]oes ( ,virgil h horses to drive 9 ! ,elysian fields2 ! ,greek poets gave to ,orion dogs4 ,rabbi ,manesseh1 speak+ ( ! resurrection1 says1 brutes w !n enjoy a mu* happi] /ate ( be+ ?an !y exp]i5c$ "h1 & a numb] ( s*ol>s1 l ,philo ,judu1 believe t f]oci\s bea/s w 9 a future /ate lose _! f]oci\sness4 ,among m rec5t s*ol>s :o hold ?is belief is ,dr4 ,john ,br[n1 :o boldly says3 ,i am "o ( ^? :o believe t dogs h a next _w2 & :y n8 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood said3 ,mu* ( ! pres5t he$lessness respect+ animals is caus$ by ! popul> idea t !y h no s\ls1 & t :5 !y die !y entirely p]i%4 ,:5ce came t mo/ prepo/]\s idea8 ,surely n f ! only s\rce :]e we might expect to le>n ab\t s\ls--n f ! ,bible1 = !re we di/9ctly read ( '! _s ( ! sons ( man1' & imm$iately aft]w>ds ( '! _s ( ! bea/s1' "o aspir+1 ! o!r n s4 ,& a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! _s is a life aft] ! dea? ( ! body4 ,let any "o wait 9 a frequ5t$ ?or\ghf>e = "o %ort h\r1 & wat* ! suff]+s ( ! poor brutes t pass by4 ,!n1 unless he d5ies ! ,div9e ,provid5ce1 he w see cle>ly t unless ^! poor creatures 7 comp5sat$ 9 a future life1 !re is no su* quality z ju/ice4 ,eug5e ,t4 ,zimm]man says3 ,i _c help b ?9k t my fai?ful dog1 & playmate ( my y\ng] days1 w h "s =m ( a future life4 ,we d n recognise an absolute spiritual b>ri] ( sep>ation betwe5 man & animals4 ,man is an animal--! fir/ ( animals2 b x does n ( necessity foll[ t he w always cont9ue to be s4 ,by :at "r does he presume to d5y a s\l & a cont9u$ spiritual exi/5ce to l[] animals8 ,are we n all ( u fell[s & co-work]s1 p>tak]s ( ! same univ]sal life1 %>+ alike a common s\rce & de/9y8 ,?is has always be5 ! fai? & insight ( ! *ild1 ^: simple wisdom we ev] turn to = tru? & guidance4 ,& 9 our cle>] realisation ( ! on5ess ( all life1 we w ext5d to all creatures ! ,gold5 ,rule1 %[+ !m ! love & consid]ation we w\ld h %[n to u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,human ,,side ( ,,birds4 ,by ,,royal ,,dixon ,) #d illu/rations 9 color & #cb 9 black-&-:ite4 ,clo?1 #hvo4 ,) e /atem5t bas$ on fact1 & e fact ( unusual int]e/1 ! au?or %[s t _m qualities ( & occupations 9 ! human _w h _! p>allels 9 ! bird _w4 ,"h is bird /udy f a new angle--in/ead ( treat+ our bird neighbors z label$ specim5s to be describ$ 9 sci5tific t]ms1 !y are treat$ z fri5ds1 & a c>eful /udy is made ( _! disposition1 "*1 emotions & ?\ght processes4 ,mr4 ,dixon tells ( birds :o are policem51 a?letes1 div]s1 bak]s2 birds :o ma9ta9 c\rts ( ju/ice & milit>y organizations & _m o!r curi\s types4 ,,buy ,,f ,,y\r ,,booksell] b let u s5d y ! news ab\t books ,to ! read]s ( ?is book :o furni% "n & address 7a po/al c>d w d71 we w gladly s5d1 free ( *>ge1 ann\ncem5ts ( our new publications4 ,our illu/rat$ holiday pamphlets ) color$ picture cov]s are unusually attractive4 ,books may !n be ord]$ ?r\gh y\r local book%op4 ,we employ no ag5ts or canvass]s ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company #ddg-ddh ,f\r? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,publi%]s ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company ,new ,york