,,!  ,,h]oic ,,en?usia/s  7,,gli        
,,eroici ,,furori7  ,an ,e?ical poem    
,,by ,,giordano ,,bruno  ,,"p ,,! ,,fir/
  ,,translat$ ,,by  ,l4 ,,williams  ,,) 
,,an ,,introduction1 ,,compil$ ,,*iefly 
,,f ,,david ,,levi',s ,,giordano ,,bruno
 ,o ,,la ,,religione ,,del ,,p5si]o     
,,london ,,george ,,r$way ,,york        
,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d5 #ahhg           
,,preface4   ,:5 ?is ,translation 0     
begun1 m ?an two ye>s ago1 = my own     
pleasure1 9 leisure h\rs1 ,i _h no k ( !
 difficulty ,i %\ld f9d 9 ! "w1 nor any 
?\ght ( ev] hav+ x pr9t$2 b z ,gli      
,eroici ,furori ( ,giordano ,bruno has  
nev] appe>$ 9 ,engli%1 ,i decid$ to     
publi% t portion ( x :i* ,i h f9i%$4  ,i
 wi% to ?ank ^? fri5ds :o h s k9dly     
look$ ov] my "w f "t to "t1 & giv5 me _!
 help 9 ! *oice ( words & phrases4 ,i   
mu/1 moreov]1 confess t ,i am ke5ly     
alive to ! %ortcom+s & defects ( ?is    
,translation4  ,i h us$ ! ^w ,en?usia/s 
9 ! title1 r ?an ,en?usiasms1 because x 
seem$ to me m appropriate4  ,l4 ,w4     

,,folk/one1 ,septemb] #ahhg4            
,,errata  ,page #c1 l9e #aj1 = also "m  
read also my "m4 ,page #dg1 l9e #i1 =   
poisons read poison4     ,,introduction4
   ,nola1 a city f\nd$ by ! ,*alcidian  
,greeks1 at a %ort di/ance f ,naples & f
 ,vesuvius1 0 ! bir?-place ( ,giordano  
,bruno4 ,x is describ$ by ,david ,levi z
 a city :i* f anci5t times _h always be5
 consecrat$ to sci5ce & lett]s4 ,f ! "t 
( ! ,romans to t ( ! ,b>b>ians & ( !    
,middle ,ages1 ,nola 0 conspicu\s =     
culture & ref9em5t1 & its inhabitants 7 
9 all times rem>kable = _! c\rte\s      
mann]s1 = val\r1 & = ke5ness (          
p]ception4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 di/+ui%$ by  
_! love = & /udy ( philosophy2 s t ?is  
city 0 ev] a fav\rite dwell+-place = !  
*oice spirits ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x may   
also be ass]t$ t ,nola 0 ! only city (  
,magna ,grcia :i*1 9 spite ( !          
p]secutions ( ,pagan emp]ors & ,*ri/ian 
pr9ces & cl]gy1 always pres]v$ !        
philosophical traditions ( !            
,py?agoreans1 & nev] 0 ! sacr$ fire on !

 alt> ( ,ve/a suff]$ to become entirely 
ext9ct4 ,su* 0 ! intellectual & moral   
atmosph]e 9 :i* ,bruno pass$ 8 *ildhood4
 ,8 pat]nal home 0 situat$ at ! foot (  
,m\nt ,cicada1 celebrat$ = its fruitful 
soil4 ,f e>ly y\? 8 pleasure 0 to pass !
 night out on ! m\nta91 n[ wat*+ ! />s1 
n[ contemplat+ ! arid1 desolate sides ( 
,vesuvius4 ,he tells h[1 9 recall+ ^?   
days--! only peaceful ones ( 8 life--he 
us$ to ?9k1 z he look$ up at ! inf9ite  
expanse ( heav5 & ! conf9es ( ! horizon1
 ) ! t[]+ volcano1 t ?is mu/ be !       
ultimate end ( ! e>?1 & x appe>$ z if   
nei!r tree nor grass refre%$ ! dre>y    
space :i* /ret*$ out to ! foot ( ! b>e  
smoky m\nta94 ,:51 gr[n old]1 he came   
ne>] to x1 & saw ! m\nta9 s diff]5t f   
:at x _h appe>$1 & ! int]v5+ space t1   
se5 f af>1 _h look$ s b>e & /]ile1 all  
cov]$ ) fruit-trees & enri*$ ) v9ey>ds1 
he began to see h[ illusory ! judgm5t ( 
! s5ses may be2 & ! fir/ d\bt 0 plant$ 9
 8 "y s\l z he p]ceiv$ t1 :ile ! m9d may
 grasp ,nature 9 h] gr&eur & maje/y1 !  

"w ( ! sage mu/ be to exam9e h] 9       
detail1 & p5etrate to ! cause ( ?+s4 ,:5
 he appe>$ be=e ! tribunal ( ! ,holy    
,(fice at ,v5ice1 be+ ask$ to decl>e :o 
& :at he 01 he said3 ,my "n is          
,giordano1 ( ! family ( ,bruno1 ( ! city
 ( ,nola1 twelve miles f ,naples4 ,!re 0
 ,i born & br\ght up4 ,my pr(ession has 
be5 & is t ( lett]s1 & ( all ! sci5ces4 
,my fa!r's "n 0 ,giovanni1 & my "m 0    
,francesca ,savol9i2 & my fa!r 0 a      
soldi]4 ,he is dead1 & also "m4 ,i am   
=ty-f\r ye>s old1 hav+ be5 born 9 #aedh4
 ,he always reg>d$ ,nola ) patriotic    
pride1 & he receiv$ 8 fir/ in/ruction 9 
8 fa!r's h\se & 9 ! public s*ools4 ,( a 
sad disposition1 & gift$ ) a mo/ lively 
imag9ation1 he 0 f 8 e>lie/ ye>s giv5 to
 m$itation & to poetry4 ,! e>ly ye>s (  
,bruno's life 7 times ( agitation &     
mis=tune1 & n propiti\s to /udy4 ,!     
,neapolitan prov9ces 7 di/urb$ by       
con/ant e>?quakes1 & deva/at$ by        
pe/il5ce & fam9e4 ,! ,turks f\ght1 &    
ravag$ ! c\ntry1 & made slaves ( !      

inhabitants2 ! neighb\r+ prov9ces 7 /ill
 m h>ass$ by hordes ( b&its & outlaws1  
:o inve/$ ,calabria1 l$ by a t]rible    
*ief call$ ,m>cone4 ,! ,inquisition /ood
 prep>$ to light its fires & slaught] ! 
h]etic4 ,! ,wald5sians1 :o _h lately be5
 driv5 out ( ,pi$mont1 & _h s\ght a     
%elt] 9 ! ,calabrian t]ritory1 7 hunt$  
d[n & giv5 ov] to ! execution]4  ,!     
conv5t 0 ! only refuge f viol5ce1 &     
,bruno1 ei!r f religi\s en?usiasm1 or 9 
ord] to be able to devote himself to    
/udy1 became a fri> at ! age ( fifte54  
,!re1 9 ! quiet cloi/] ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 
,dom9ic at ,naples1 8 m9d 0 n\ri%$ & 8  
intellect develop$2 ! cloi/ral & monki% 
education fail$ to enslave 8 ?\ght1 & he
 em]g$ f ?is tutelage ! bolde/ & lea/   
fett]$ ( philosoph]s4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ?is  
*ur* & ?is conv5t1 fam\s z hav+ be5 !   
abode ( ,?omas ,aqu9as1 0 calculat$ to  
fire ! en?usiasm ( ,bruno's s\l2 !      
leisure & quiet1 f> f induc+ habits (   
indol5ce1 or ! /]ile practices (        
asceticism1 7 /imulants to au/]e /udy1 &

 to ! f]v\r ( my/ical speculations4 ,"h 
he pass$ ne>ly ?irte5 ye>s ( e>ly       
manhood1 until 8 intellect /r5g!n$ by   
/udy he began to long = indep5d5ce (    
?\ght1 & becom+1 z he said himself1     
solicit\s ab\t ! food ( ! s\l & !       
culture ( ! m9d1 he f\nd x irksome to g 
?r\gh automatically ! daily vulg> r\t9e 
( ! conv5t2 ! pure flame ( an elevat$   
religi\s feel+ be+ k9dl$ 9 8 s\l1 he    
tri$ to evade ! va9 ex]cises ( ! monks1 
! pu]ile gymna/ics1 & ! adoration (     
s-call$ relics4 ,8 "* 0 frank & op51 &  
he 0 unable to hide 8 convictions2 he   
put "s ( 8 d\bts be=e 8 companions1 & ^!
 ha/5$ to ref] !m to ! sup]iors2 & ?us 0
 mat]ial f\nd to in/itute a cause aga9/ 
him4 ,x became kn[n1 t he _h prais$ !   
me?ods us$ by ! ,arians or ,unit>ians 9 
exp\nd+ _! doctr9es1 add+ t !y ref] all 
?+s to ! ultimate cause1 :i* is ! ,fa!r3
 ?is1 ) o!r h]etical propositions1 be+  
br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,holy ,(fice1    
,bruno f\nd himself 9 ! position ( be+  
fir/ obs]v$ & !n ?reat5$4 ,he 0 w>n$ ( !

 dang] t hung ov] him by "s fri5ds1 &   
decid$ to quit ,naples4 ,he fl$ f !     
conv5t1 & took ! road to ,rome1 & 0 !re 
receiv$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ! ,m9]va4 ,a few  
days aft] 8 arrival 9 ,rome he le>n$ t  
in/ructions = 8 arre/ _h be5 =w>d$ f    
,naples2 he t>ri$ n1 b got away         
secretly1 ?r[+ aside ! monk's habilim5ts
 by ! way4 ,he w&]$ = "s days ab\t !    
,roman ,campagna1 8 de/itute condition  
prov+ a safegu>d aga9/ ! b&s ( brig&s t 
infe/$ ^? l&s1 until arriv+ ne> ,civita 
,vec*ia1 he 0 tak5 on bo>d a ,g5oese    
vessel1 & c>ri$ to ! ,ligurian port1 :]e
 he hop$ to f9d a refuge f 8 enemies2 b 
! city ( ,g5eva 0 deva/at$ by pe/il5ce &
 civil w>1 & aft] a soj\rn ( a few days 
he pursu$ once m ! road ( exile4 ,seek+ 
= a place :]e9 he might settle = a %ort 
"t & hide f 8 pursu]s1 he /ay$ 8 /eps at
 ,noli1 situat$ at a %ort di/ance f     
,savona1 on ! ,rivi]a3 ?is t[n1 ne/l$ 9 
a little bay surr\nd$ by high hills     
cr[n$ by feudal ca/les & t[]s1 0 only   
accessible on ! %ore side1 & (f]$ a     

grateful retreat to our philosoph]4 ,at 
,noli1 ,bruno obta9$ p]mission ( !      
magi/racy to tea* gramm> to *ildr51 &   
?us secur$ ! means ( subsi/5ce by !     
small remun]ation he receiv$2 b ?is     
mode/ employm5t did n occupy him        
suffici5tly1 & he ga!r$ r\nd him a few  
g5tlem5 ( ! di/rict1 to :om he taught ! 
sci5ce ( ! ,sph]e4 ,bruno also wrote a  
book ^u ! ,sph]e1 :i* 0 lo/4 ,he exp\nd$
 ! sy/em ( ,cop]nicus1 & talk$ to 8     
pupils ) en?usiasm ab\t ! movem5t ( !   
e>? & ( ! plurality ( worlds4  ,z 9 t   
same ,liguria ,columbus fir/ div9$ ano!r
 hemisph]e outside ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules1
 s ,bruno discov]$ to ^? a/oni%$ m9ds ! 
myriads ( worlds :i* fill ! imm5sity (  
space4 ,columbus 0 d]id$ & bani%$ by 8  
fell[-citiz5s1 & ! fate ( our philosoph]
 0 simil> to 84 ,9 ! humble s*oolma/] :o
 taught gramm> to ! *ildr51 ! bi%op1 !  
cl]gy1 & ! nobles1 :o li/5$ eag]ly to 8 
lectures on ! ,sph]e1 began to suspect !
 h]etic & ! innovator4 ,aft] five mon?s 
x behov$ him to leave ,noli2 he took !  

road to ,savona1 cross$ ! ,ap5n9es1 &   
arriv$ at ,tur94 ,9 ,tur9 at t "t reign$
 ! great ,duke ,emanuele ,filib]to1 a   
man ( /rong "*--"o ( ^? m5 :o "k h[ to  
f\nd a dyna/y & to fix ! de/9y ( a p2 at
 t "t1 :5 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,italy 7     
langui%+ "u home & =eign tyranny1 he    
laid ! f\ndations ( ! future ,italy4    
,he 0 w>rior1 arti/1 me*anic1 & s*ol>4  
,intrepid on ! field ( battle1 he w\ld  
retire f de$s ( arms to ! sil5ce ( 8    
/udy1 & cause ! works ( ,ari/otle to be 
read to him2 he spoke all ! ,european   
languages2 he work$ at artill]y1 at     
models ( =tresses1 & at ! smi?'s craft2 
he br\ght toge!r ar\nd him1 f all sides 
( ,italy1 artisans & sci5ti/s to promote
 indu/ry1 comm]ce1 & sci5ce2 he ga!r$   
toge!r 9 ,pi$mont ! mo/ excell5t        
compositors ( ,italy1 & sanction$ a     
pr9t]'s company4  ,bruno1 attract$ to   
,tur9 by ! fav\r t 0 %[n to lett]s &    
philosophy1 hop$ to get occupation z    
press read]2 b x 0 precisely at t "t t !
 ,duke1 in/igat$ by ,france1 0 combat+1 

) e k9d ( weapon1 ! ,wald5sian &        
,hugu5ot h]esies1 & _h invit$ ! ,jesuits
 to ,tur91 (f]+ !m a sub/antial subsidy2
 s t on ,bruno's arrival he f\nd ! place
 he _h hop$ =1 z tea*] 9 ! univ]sity1   
occupi$ by 8 enemies1 & he !re=e mov$ on
 ) little delay1 & emb>k$ = ,v5ice4     
,b]ti1 9 8 ,life ( ,bruno1 rem>ks t :5 !
 latt] s\ght refuge 9 ,tur91 ,torquato  
,tasso1 also driv5 by adv]se =tune1     
arriv$ 9 ! same place1 & he notes !     
aff9ity betwe5 !m--bo? s great1 bo?     
subject to e species ( mis=tune &       
p]secution 9 life1 & de/9$ to immortal  
hon\rs aft] _! dea?3 ! light ( g5ius    
burn$ 9 !m bo?1 ! fire ( en?usiasm flam$
 9 ea* alike1 & on ! =ehead ( ea* "o 0  
set ! sign ( sorr[ & ( pa94  ,bo? ,bruno
 & ,tasso ent]$ ! cloi/] z boys3 ! "o   
jo9$ ! ,dom9icans1 ! o!r ! ,jesuits2 & 9
 ! s\ls ( bo? might be disc]n$ ! impress
 ( ! ,ord] to :i* !y belong$4 ,bo? w5t  
=? f _! native place long+ to f9d a     
broad] field ( action & great] scope =  
_! intellectual p[]s4 ,! "o left ,naples

 c>ry+ 9 8 he>t ! ,pagan & ,*ri/ian     
traditions ( ! noble ent]prises & !     
sa9tly h]oism ( ,olympus & ( ,calv>y1 ( 
,hom] & ! ,fa!rs1 ( ,plato & ,/4        
,ignatius2 ! o!r 0 fill$ ) !            
philosophical ?\ght ( ! primitive       
,italian & ,py?agorean epo*s1 fecundat$ 
by 8 own conceptions & by ! new age2    
philosoph] & apo/le ( an idea1 ,bruno   
consecrat$ 8 life to ! developm5t ( x 9 
8 writ+s & to ! propagation ( 8         
pr9ciples 9 ,europe by ! fire (         
en?usiasm4 ,! "o surpris$ ! _w ) !      
melody ( 8 songs2 be+1 z ,dante says1 ! 
dolce sir5a *e i m>9>i 9 mezzo al m>e   
smaga1 he lull$ ! angui% t lac]at$      
,italy1 & gild$ ! *a9s :i* b\nd h]2 !   
o!r tri$ to %ake h]2 to recall h] to    
life ) ! vig\r ( ?\ght1 ) ! =ce (       
reason1 ) ! sacrifice ( himself4 ,!     
songs ( ,tasso 7 he>d & sung f "o end ( 
,italy to ! o!r1 & ! poet dwelt 9       
palaces & receiv$ ! c>ess & smile (     
pr9ces2 :ile ,bruno1 disc\rs+ 9 ! "n (  
reason & ( sci5ce1 0 reject$1 p]secut$1 

& sc\rg$1 & only aft] ?ree c5turies (   
+ratitude1 ( calumny1 & ( =getfulness1  
does 8 c\ntry %[ signs ( appreciat+ him 
& ( do+ ju/ice to 8 memory4 ,9 ,tasso ! 
poet pr$om9ates ov] ! philosoph]1 9     
,bruno ! philosoph] pr$om9ates ov] &    
eclipses ! poet4 ,! fir/ sacrifices     
?\ght to =m2 ! second is c>eful only ( !
 idea4 ,aga91 bo? are full ( a          
conception ( ! ,div9e1 b ! ,god t ! dy+ 
,tasso confess$ is a god t is expect$ & 
comes n2 :ile ! god t ,bruno proclaims  
he already f9ds )9 himself4 ,tasso dies 
9 8 b$ 9 ! cloi/]1 uneasy z on a b$ (   
?orns2 ,bruno1 amid/ ! flames1 /&s out z
 on a p$e/al1 & dies s]5e & calm4 ,we   
mu/ n[ foll[ our fugitive to ,v5ice4    
,at ! "t ,giordano ,bruno arriv$ 9      
,v5ice t city 0 ! mo/ important         
typographical c5tre ( ,europe2 ! comm]ce
 9 books ext5d$ ?r\gh ! ,levant1        
,g]many1 & ,france1 & ! philosoph] hop$ 
t "h he might f9d "s means ( subsi/5ce4 
,! plague at t "t 0 deva/at+ ,v5ice1 & 9
 less ?an "o ye> _h claim$ =ty-two ?\s& 

victims2 b ,bruno felt no fe>1 & he took
 a lodg+ 9 t "p ( ,v5ice call$ !        
,frezz]ia1 & 0 soon busy prep>+ = !     
press a "w call$ ,segni del ,tempo1 hop+
 t ! sale ( x w\ld br+ a little money = 
daily ne$s4 ,?is "w 0 lo/1 z 7 all ^?   
:i* he publi%$ 9 ,italy1 & :i* x 0 to ! 
int]e/ ( ,rome to de/roy4 ,disappo9t$ at
 n f9d+ "w to d 9 ,v5ice1 he next w5t to
 ,padua1 :i* 0 ! intellectual c5tre (   
,europe1 z ,v5ice 0 ! c5tre ( pr9t+ &   
publi%+2 ! mo/ celebrat$ pr(essors ( t  
epo* 7 to be f\nd 9 ! ,univ]sity (      
,padua1 b at ! "t ( ,bruno's soj\rn !re1
 ,padua1 l ,v5ice1 0 ravag$ by ! plague2
 ! univ]sity 0 clos$1 & ! pr9t+-h\se 0 n
 9 op]ation4 ,he rema9$ !re only a few  
days1 lodg+ ) "s monks ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4  
,dom9ic1 :o1 he relates1 p]suad$ me to  
we> ! dress aga91 ev5 ?\gh ,i w\ld n    
pr(ess ! religion x impli$1 because !y  
said x w\ld aid me 9 my wayf>+ to be ?us
 attir$2 & s ,i got a :ite clo? robe1 & 
,i put on ! hood :i* ,i _h pres]v$ :5 ,i
 left ,rome4 ,?us habit$ he w&]$ =      

sev]al mon?s ab\t ! cities ( ,v5etia &  
,lomb>dy2 & al?\gh he contriv$ = a "t to
 evade 8 p]secutors1 he f9ally decid$ to
 leave ,italy1 z x 0 repugnant to 8     
disposition to live 9 =c$ dissimulation1
 & he felt t he c\ld d no good ei!r =   
himself or = 8 c\ntry1 :i* 0 !n ov]run )
 ,spani>ds & sc\rg$ by petty tyrants2 & 
) ! l[] ord]s sunk 9 ignorance1 & ! upp]
 classes illit]ate1 uncultivat$1 &      
corrupt1 ! mission ( ,giordano ,bruno 0 
impossible4 ,altiora ,peto 0 ,bruno's   
motto1 & to realize x he _h gone =? ) ! 
pilgrim's /aff 9 8 h&1 sometimes cov]$ )
 ! c[l ( ! monk1 at o!rs we>+ ! simple  
habit ( a s*oolma/]1 or1 aga91 clo!d ) !
 d\blet ( ! me*anic3 he _h f\nd no      
re/+-place--n[h]e to lay 8 head1 no "o  
:o c\ld und]/& him1 b always _m ready to
 d5\nce him4 ,he turn$ 8 back at la/ on 
8 c\ntry1 cross$ ! ,alps on foot1 &     
direct$ 8 /eps t[>ds ,switz]l&4 ,he     
visit$ ! univ]sities 9 diff]5t t[ns (   
,switz]l&1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 & :]ev]  
he w5t he left beh9d him traces ( 8     

visit 9 "s hurri$ writ+s4 ,! only "w ( !
 ,nolan1 writt5 9 ,italy1 :i* has       
surviv$ is ,il ,c&elajo1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9
 ,p>is4 ,levi1 9 8 ,life ( ,bruno1      
passes 9 review 8 v>i\s works2 b x w    
suffice "h to reproduce :at he says ( ! 
,eroici ,furori1 ! fir/ "p ( :i* ,i h   
translat$1 & to note 8 rem>ks ^u ! /yle 
( ,bruno1 :i* pres5ts _m difficulties to
 ! translator on acc\nt ( its           
=mlessness4 ,goe! says ( ,bruno's       
writ+s3 ,zu allgeme9] ,betra*tung und   
,erhebung d] ,gei/es eignet5 si* die    
,s*rift5 des ,jordanus ,brun\s von      
,nola2 ab] freili* das g$ieg5e ,gold &  
,silb] aus d] ,masse j5] zo unglei*     
begabt5 ,erzgnge auszus*eid5 und unt] d5
 ,hamm] zu br+5 er=d]t fa/ mehr als     
m5s*li*e ,krfte v]mg54  ,i believe t no 
translation ( ,giordano ,bruno's works  
has ev] be5 br\ght out 9 ,engli%1 or1 at
 any rate1 no translation ( ! ,eroici   
,furori1 & !re=e ,i h _h no help f      
previ\s r5d]+s4 ,i h1 = ! mo/ "p1 foll[$
 ! text z closely z possible1 especially

 9 ! sonnets1 :i* are frequ5tly r5d]$   
l9e = l9e4 ,=m is lack+ 9 ! orig9al1 &  
w\ld1 ow+ to ! unusual & (t5 fanta/ic   
clo?+ ( ! ideas1 be difficult to apply 9
 ! translation4 ,he seems to h writt5   
d[n 8 gr& ideas hurri$ly1 &1 z ,levi    
says1 probably int5d$ to ret\* ! "w be=e
 pr9t+4  ,foll[+ ! ord] ( ,levi's ,life 
( ,bruno1 we next f9d ! fugitive at     
,g5eva4 ,he 0 h>dly ?irty-"o ye>s old :5
 he quitt$ 8 c\ntry & cross$ ! ,alps1 & 
8 fir/ /opp+-place 0 ,*amb]y1 :]e he 0  
receiv$ 9 a conv5t ( ! ,ord] (          
,pr$icatori2 he propos$ go+ on to       
,lyons1 b be+ told by an ,italian prie/1
 :om he met !re1 t he 0 n likely to f9d 
c\nt5ance or support1 ei!r 9 ! place he 
0 9 or 9 any o!r place1 h[ev] f> he     
might travel1 he *ang$ 8 c\rse & made = 
,g5eva4  ,! "n ( ,giordano ,bruno 0 n   
unkn[n to ! ,italian colony :o _h fl$ f 
papal p]secution to ?is /ronghold (     
religi\s re=m4 ,he w5t to lodge at an   
inn1 & soon receiv$ visits f ! ,m>*ese  
di ,vico ,napoletano1 ,pietro ,m>tire   

,v]migli1 & o!r refugees1 :o welcom$ him
 ) affection1 inquir+ :e!r he int5d$ to 
embrace ! religion ( ,calv91 to :i*     
,bruno repli$ t he did n int5d to make  
pr(ession ( t religion1 z he did n "k ( 
:at k9d x 01 & he only desir$ to live 9 
,g5eva 9 fre$om4 ,he 0 !n advis$ to d(f 
! ,dom9ican habit1 :i* he /ill wore2 ?is
 he 0 q will+ to d1 only he _h no money 
to buy o!r clo?+1 & 0 =c$ to h "s made (
 ! clo? ( 8 monki% robes1 & 8 new fri5ds
 pres5t$ him ) a sword & a hat2 !y also 
procur$ "s "w = him 9 correct+ press    
errors4  ,! t]m ( ,bruno's soj\rn 9     
,g5eva seems d\btful1 & ! precise nature
 ( 8 employm5t :5 !re is also unc]ta92 b
 8 indep5d5t _s br\ght him into dispute 
) ! rigid ,calv9i/s ( t city1 :o prea*$ 
& exact$ a bl9d fai?1 absolute &        
compulsory4 ,bruno c\ld n accept any ( !
 exi/+ positive religions2 he pr(ess$ ! 
cult ( philosophy & sci5ce1 nor 0 8 "* (
 t m\ld t w\ld h enabl$ him to hide 8   
pr9ciples4 ,x 0 made kn[n to him t he   
mu/ ei!r adopt ,calv9ism or leave       

,g5eva3 he decl9$ ! =m]1 & _h no *oice z
 to ! latt]2 poor he _h ent]$ ,g5eva1 & 
poor he left x1 & n[ turn$ 8 /eps t[>ds 
,france4  ,he rea*$ ,lyons1 :i* 0 also  
at t "t a city ( refuge aga9/ religi\s  
p]secutions1 & he address$ himself to 8 
compatriots1 begg+ = "w f ! publi%]s1   
,aldo & ,grifi2 b n succe$+ 9 ga9+ en\gh
 to enable him to subsi/1 aft] a few    
days he left1 & w5t on 8 way to ,t\l\se1
 :]e !re 0 a fam\s univ]sity2 & hav+    
made acqua9tance ) sev]al m5 (          
intellect1 ,bruno 0 invit$ to lecture on
 ! ,sph]e1 :i* he did1 ) v>i\s o!r      
subjects1 = six mon?s1 :5 ! *air (      
,philosophy becom+ vacant1 he took !    
degree ( ,doctor1 & compet$ = x2 & he   
cont9u$ = two ye>s 9 t place1 tea*+ !   
philosophy ( ,ari/otle & ( o!rs4 ,he    
took = ! text ( 8 lectures ! treatise ( 
,ari/otle1 ,de ,anima1 & ?is gave him ! 
opportunity ( introduc+ & discuss+ !    
deepe/ que/ions--^u ! ,orig9 & ,de/9y ( 
,humanity2 ,! ,s\l1 is x ,matt] or ,_s8 
,pot5tiality or ,reality8 ,individual or

 ,univ]sal8 ,mortal or ,et]nal8 ,is ,man
 alone gift$ ) ,s\l1 or are all be+s    
equally s8 ,bruno's sy/em 0 9 8 m9d     
complete & mature2 he taught t ev]y?+ 9 
,nature has a s\l1 "o univ]sal m9d1     
p5etrates & moves all ?+s2 ! _w itself  
is a sacrum animal4 ,no?+ is lo/1 b all 
transmutes & becomes4 ,?is va/ field    
af=d$ him scope = tea*+ 8 doctr9es ^u ! 
_w1 on ! movem5t ( ! e>?1 & on !        
univ]sal s\l4 ,! novelty & boldness ( 8 
op9ions r\s$ ! animosity ( ! cl]gy aga9/
 him1 & aft] liv+ two ye>s & six mon?s  
at ,t\l\se1 he felt x wise to retire1 & 
leav+ ! capital ( ! ,langu$oc1 he set 8 
face t[>ds ,p>is4  ,! two books--! fruit
 ( 8 lectures--:i* he publi%$ 9 ,t\l\se1
 ,de ,anima & ,de ,clavis ,magis1 7 lo/4
  ,! title ( ,doctor1 or z he said      
himself1 ,mae/ro delle ,arti1 :i* ,bruno
 _h obta9$ at ,t\l\se1 gave him !       
faculty ( tea*+ publicly 9 ,p>is1 & he  
says3 ,i w5t to ,p>is1 :]e ,i set myself
 to read a mo/ unusual lecture1 9 ord]  
to make myself kn[n & to attract        

att5tion4 ,he gave ?irty lectures on !  
?irty ,div9e attributes1 divid+ &       
di/ribut+ !m accord+ to ! me?od ( ,/4   
,?omas ,aqu9as3 ^! lectures excit$ mu*  
att5tion among/ ! s*ol>s ( ! ,sorbonne1 
:o w5t 9 cr[ds to he> him2 & he         
introduc$1 z usual1 8 own ideas :ile    
app>5tly tea*+ ! doctr9es ( ,/4 ,?omas4 
,8 extraord9>y memory & 8 eloqu5ce caus$
 great a/oni%m5t2 & ! fame ( ,bruno     
rea*$ ! e>s ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii41 :o s5t =
 him to ! ,c\rt1 & be+ fill$ )          
admiration ( 8 le>n+1 he (f]$ him a     
sub/antial subsidy4  ,dur+ 8 /ay at     
,p>is1 al?\gh he 0 mu* at ,c\rt1 he sp5t
 _m h\rs 9 8 /udy1 writ+ ! works t he   
aft]w>ds publi%$4  ,philosophical       
que/ions 7 discuss$ at ! ,sorbonne ) mu*
 fre$om3 ,bruno %[$ himself no p>tisan (
 ei!r ! ,platonic or ! ,p]ipatetic      
s*ool2 he 0 n exclusive ei!r 9          
philosophy or 9 religion2 he did n fav\r
 ! ,hugu5ot faction m ?an ! ,ca?olic    
league2 & precisely by reason ( ?is     
indep5d5t attitude1 :i* kept him free ( 

! %ackles ( ! sects1 did he obta9 !     
faculty ( lectur+ at ! ,sorbonne4 ,nor c
 we ascribe ?is alo(ness to religi\s    
indiff]5ce1 b to ! fact t he s\ght =    
high] ?+s & long$ = nobl] ones4 ,!      
humiliat+ spectacle :i* ! positive      
religions1 bo? ,ca?olic & ,re=m$1       
pres5t$ at t "t--! hatr$s1 ! civil w>s1 
! assass9ations :i* !y in/igat$--_h     
disgu/$ m5 ( noble m\ld1 & _h turn$ !m  
aga9/ ^! s-call$ religions2 s t 9       
,naples1 9 ,tuscany1 9 ,v5ice1 9        
,switz]l&1 ,france1 & ,engl&1 !re 7 to  
be f\nd societies ( philosoph]s1 (      
free-?9k]s1 & politicians1 :o repudiat$ 
e positive religion & pr(ess$ a pure    
,!ism4  ,9 ! ,spaccio della ,be/ia      
,trionfante he decl>es t he _c ally     
himself ei!r to ! ,ca?olic or ! ,lu!ran 
,*ur*1 because he pr(esses a m pure &   
complete fai? ?an ^!--to wit1 ! love (  
humanity & ! love ( wisdom2 & ,moc5igo1 
! disciple :o ultimately betray$ & sold 
him to ! ,holy ,(fice1 decl>es 9 8      
deposition t ,bruno s\ght to make       

himself ! au?or ( a new religion "u ! "n
 ( ,philosophy4 ,he 0 n a man to conceal
 8 ideas1 & 9 ! f]v\r ( 8 improvisation 
he no d\bt reveal$ :at he 02 "s tumult  
result$ f ?is free speak+ ( ,bruno's1 & 
he 0 =c$ to discont9ue 8 lectures at !  
,sorbonne4  ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> #aehc !
 ,k+ became en?rall$ by religi\s        
en?usiasm1 & no?+ 0 talk$ ( 9 ,p>is b ! 
conv]sion ( ,k+ ,h5ry4 ,?is fact *ang$ !
 aspect ( affairs z f> z ,bruno 0       
conc]n$2 he judg$ x prud5t to leave     
,p>is1 & he travell$ to ,engl&4  ,!     
pr9cipal works publi%$ by ,bruno dur+ 8 
/ay 9 ,p>is are ,il ,c&elajo & ,umbrae  
,ide>um4 ,! =m]1 says ,levi1 is a "w (  
criticism & ( demolition2 9 ?is com$y he
 sets 9 gr\ps ! pr9cipal types (        
hypocrisy1 /upidity1 & rascality1 &     
exhibit+ !m 9 _! true col\rs1 he la%es  
!m ) ridicule4 ,9 ! ,umbrae ,ide>um he  
initiates ! "w ( recon/ruction1 giv+    
col\r to 8 ?\ght & sket*+ 8 idea4 ,!    
philosophy ( ,bruno is bas$ ^u t (      
,py?agoras1 ^: sy/em p5etrates ! social 

& intellectual hi/ory ( ,italy1 bo?     
anci5t & mod]n4 ,! me?od ( ,py?agoras is
 n conf9$1 z mo/ philosophies are1 to   
pure metaphysical speculations1 b       
connects ^! ) sci5tific obs]vations &   
social practice4 ,bruno hav+ resuscitat$
 ^! doctr9es1 /amps !m ) a wid] scope1  
giv+ !m a m positive direction2 & he may
 ) propriety be call$ ! second          
,py?agoras4 ,! primal idea ( ,py?agoras1
 :i* ,bruno work$ out to a m di/9ct     
developm5t is ?is3 numb]s are ! beg9n+ (
 ?+s2 9 o!r words numb]s are ! cause ( !
 exi/5ce ( mat]ial ?+s2 !y are n f9al1 b
 are always *ang+ position & attributes2
 !y are v>iable & relative4 ,beyond &   
above ?is mutability !re mu/ be !       
,immutable1 ! ,all1 ! ,"o4  ,! ,inf9ite 
mu/ be "o1 z "o is ! absolute numb]2 9 !
 orig9al ,"o is conta9$ all ! numb]s2 9 
! ,"o is conta9$ all ! elem5ts ( !      
,univ]se4  ,?is ab/ract doctr9e requir$ 
to be elucidat$ & fix$4 ,f a hypo!sis to
 conc5trate & r$uce x to a reality 0 !  
great "w ( ,bruno4  ,"o is ! p]fect     

numb]2 x is ! primitive monad4 ,z f !   
,"o proce$s ! inf9ite s]ies ( numb]s :i*
 aga9 )draw & are resolv$ into ! ,"o2 s 
f ,sub/ance1 :i* is "o1 proce$ ! myriads
 ( worlds2 f ! worlds proce$ myriads (  
liv+ creatures2 & f ! union ( "o ) !    
div]se is g5]at$ ! ,univ]se4 ,h5ce !    
progression f asc5t to desc5t1 f _s to t
 :i* we call matt]2 f ! cause to !      
orig91 & ! process ( metaphysics1 :i*1 f
 ! f9ite _w ( s5se rises to !           
intellig5t1 pass+ ?r\gh ! int]m$iate    
numb]s ( inf9ite sub/ance to active be+ 
& cosmic reason4  ,f ! absolute ,"o1 !  
sun ( ! s5sible & intellectual _w1      
millions ( />s & suns are produc$ or    
develop$4 ,ea* sun is ! c5tre ( z _m    
worlds :i* are di/ribut$ 9 z _m di/9ct  
s]ies 9 an inf9ite numb] ( conc5tric    
c5tres & sy/ems4 ,ea* sy/em is attract$1
 repell$1 & mov$ by an inf9ite1 int]nal 
passion1 or attraction2 ea* turns r\nd  
its own c5tre1 & moves 9 a spiral t[>ds 
! c5tre ( ! :ole1 t[>ds :i* c5tre !y all
 t5d ) inf9ite passional ard\r4 ,= 9 ?is

 c5tre resides ! sun ( suns1 ! unity (  
unities1 ! temple1 ! alt> ( ! univ]se1 !
 sacr$ fire ( ,ve/a1 ! vital pr9ciple ( 
! univ]se4  ,t :i* occurs 9 ! _w ( />s  
is reflect$ 9 ! telluric _w2 ev]y?+ has 
its c5tre1 t[>ds :i* x is attract$ )    
f]v\r4 ,all is ?\ght1 passion1 &        
aspiration4  ,f ?is unity1 :i* gov]ns   
v>iety1 f ?is movem5t ( e _w ar\nd its  
sun1 ( e sun ar\nd its c5tre sun--! sun 
( suns--:i* in=ms all ) ! rays ( ! _s1 )
 ! light ( ?\ght--is g5]at$ t p]fect    
h>mony ( col\rs1 s\nds1 =ms1 :i* /rike !
 sight & captivate & en?rall !          
intellect4 ,t :i* 9 ! heav5s is h>mony  
becomes1 9 ! individual1 morality1 & 9  
companies ( human be+s1 law4 ,t :i* is  
light 9 ! sph]es becomes intellig5ce &  
sci5ce 9 ! _w ( ! _s & 9 humanity4 ,we  
mu/ /udy ?is h>mony t rules ! cele/ial  
worlds 9 ord] to d$uce ! laws :i* %\ld  
gov]n civil bodies4  ,9 ! sci5ce (      
numb]s dwells h>mony1 & !re=e x behoves 
u to id5tify ourselves ) ?is h>mony1    
because f x is d]iv$ ! h>monic law :i*  

draws m5 toge!r into companies4 ,?r\gh !
 revolution ( ! worlds ?r\gh space ar\nd
 _! suns1 f _! ord]1 _! con/ancy & _!   
measure1 ! m9d compreh5ds ! progress &  
conditions ( m51 & _! duties t[>ds ea*  
o!r4 ,! ,bible1 ! sacr$ book ( man1 is 9
 ! heav5s2 !re does man f9d writt5 ! ^w 
( ,god4  ,human s\ls are lights1 di/9ct 
f ! univ]sal s\l1 :i* is diffus$ ov] all
 & p5etrates ev]y?+4 ,a purify+ process 
guides !m f "o exi/5ce to ano!r1 f "o =m
 to ano!r1 f "o _w to ano!r4 ,! life (  
man is m ?an an exp]i5ce or trial2 x is 
an ef=t1 a /ruggle to reproduce &       
repres5t ^u e>? "s ( t goodness1 beauty1
 & tru? :i* are diffus$ ov] ! univ]se & 
con/itute its h>mony4  ,long1 sl[1 &    
full ( opposition is ?is educational    
process ( ! s\l4 ,z ! t]raque\s globe   
becomes =m$1 *ang$1 & p]fect$1 little by
 little1 ?r\gh ! cataclysms &           
convulsions :i*1 by means ( fire1 flood1
 e>?quake1 & irruptions1 trans=m ! e>?1 
s x is ) humanity4 ,?r\gh /ruggle is man
 educat$1 =tifi$1 & rais$4  ,9 ! mid/ ( 

social cataclysms & revolutions humanity
 has "o guid+ />1 a beacon :i* %[s its  
light above ! /orms & tempe/s1 a my/ical
 ?read runn+ ?r\gh ! labyr9? (          
hi/ory--namely1 ! religion ( philosophy 
& ( ?\ght4 ,! vulg> cre$s w\ld n1 & h n 
d>$ to reveal ! ,tru? 9 its purity &    
ess5ce4 ,!y cov]$ x ) veils )           
allegories1 ) my?s & my/]ies1 :i* !y    
call$ sacr$2 !y en%r\d$ ?\ght ) a d\ble 
veil1 & call$ x ,revelation4 ,humanity1 
deceiv$ by a s$uctive =m1 ador$ ! veil1 
b did n lift itself up to ! idea beh9d  
x2 x saw ! %ad[1 n ! light4  ,b we mu/  
return to our w&]+ h]o4  ,bruno 0 ab\t  
?irty-six ye>s old :5 he left ,p>is &   
w5t to ,engl&4 ,he 0 invit$ to visit !  
,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 & op5$ 8 lectures   
!re ) two subjects :i*1 app>5tly div]se1
 are 9 reality intimately connect$ ) ea*
 o!r--namely1 on ! ,quadruple ,sph]e &  
on ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l4 ,speak+ ( ! 
immortality ( ! s\l1 he ma9ta9$ t no?+ 9
 ! univ]se is lo/1 ev]y?+ *anges & is   
trans=m$2 !re=e1 s\l & body1 _s & matt]1

 are equally immortal4 ,! body          
dissolves1 & is trans=m$2 ! s\l         
transmigrates1 &1 draw+ r\nd itself atom
 to atom1 x recon/ructs = itself a new  
body4 ,! _s t animates & moves all ?+s  
is "o2 ev]y?+ diff]5tiates accord+ to ! 
diff]5t =ms & bodies 9 :i* x op]ates4   
,h5ce1 ( animate ?+s "s are inf]ior by  
reason ( ! meanness ( ! organ 9 :i* !y  
op]ate2 o!rs are sup]ior ?r\gh ! ri*ness
 ( ! same4 ,?us we see t ,bruno         
anticipates ! doctr9e1 proclaim$ lat] by
 ,goe! & by ,d>w91 ( ! trans=mation (   
species & ( ! organic unity ( ! animal  
_w2 & ?is alt]nation f segregation to   
aggregation1 :i* we call dea? & life1 is
 no o!r ?an mutation ( =m4  ,aft] hav+  
criticis$ & sc\rg$ ! religions ( *im]a1 
( ignorance1 & hypocrisy1 9 ,lo ,spaccio
 della ,be/ia ,trionfante & 9 ,l',as9o  
,cill5ico1 ! au?or1 9 ,gli ,eroici      
,furori1 lays d[n ! basis = ! religion (
 ?\ght & ( sci5ce4 ,9 place ( ! s-call$ 
,*ri/ian p]fections 7resignation1       
devotion1 & ignorance71 ,bruno w\ld put 

intellig5ce & ! progress ( ! intellect 9
 ! _w ( physics1 metaphysics1 & morals2 
! true aim be+ illum9ation1 ! true      
morality ! practice ( ju/ice1 ! true    
r$emption ! lib]ation ( ! s\l f error1  
its elevation & union ) ,god ^u ! w+s ( 
?\ght4 ,?is idea is develop$ 9 ! "w 9   
"q1 :i* is d$icat$ to ,sir ,philip      
,sidney4 ,aft] treat+ ( ! inf9ite       
univ]se1 & contemplat+ ! innum]able     
worlds 9 o!r works1 he comes1 9 ,gli    
,eroici ,furori1 to ! consid]ation (    
virtue 9 ! individual1 & demon/rates !  
pot5cy ( ! human faculties4 ,aft] !     
,cosmos1 ! ,microcosm2 aft] ! inf9itely 
great1 ! inf9itely small4 ,! body is 9 !
 s\l1 ! s\l is 9 ! m9d1 ! m9d is 9 ,god4
 ,! life ( ! s\l is ! true life ( ! man4
 ,( all 8 v>i\s faculties1 t :i* rules  
all1 t :i* exalts our nature1 is ,?\ght4
 ,by means ( x we rise to !             
contemplation ( ! univ]se1 & becom+ 9   
our turn creators1 we raise ! edifice ( 
sci5ce2 ?r\gh ! intellect ! affections  
become purifi$1 ! w becomes /r5g!n$4    

,true lib]ty is acquir$1 & w & action   
becom+ "o ?r\gh ?\ght1 we become h]oes4 
,?is education ( ! s\l1 or r ?is        
elevation & glory ( ?\ght1 :i* draws ) x
 ! w & ! affections1 n by means ( bl9d  
fai? or sup]natural grace1 n ?r\gh an   
irrational & my/ical impulse1 b by !    
/r5g? ( a re=m$ intellect & by a        
palpable & well-consid]$ en?usiasm1 :i* 
sci5ce & ! contemplation ( ,nature alone
 c give1 ?is is ! keynote ( ! poem4 ,x  
is compos$ ( two p>ts1 ea* ( :i* is     
divid$ into five dialogues3 ! fir/ "p1  
:i* may be call$ psy*ological1 %[s1 by  
means ( v>i\s figures & symbols drawn f 
,nature1 h[ ! div9e light is always     
pres5t to u1 is inh]5t 9 man2 x pres5ts 
itself to ! s5ses & to ! compreh5sion3  
man con/antly rejects & ignores x2      
sometimes ! s\l /rives to rise up to x1 
& ! poet describes ! /ruggle ) ! oppos+ 
affections :i* are involv$ 9 ?is ef=t1 &
 %[s h[ at la/ ! man ( intellig5ce      
ov]comes ^! cont5d+ p[]s & fatal        
impulses :i* conflict )9 u1 & by virtue 

( h>mony & ! fusion ( ! opposites !     
intellect becomes "o ) ! affections1 &  
man realizes ! good & rises to ! k ( !  
true4 ,all conflict+ desires be+ at la/ 
unit$1 !y become fix$ ^u "o object1 "o  
great int5t--! love ( ! ,div9e1 :i* is !
 highe/ tru? & ! highe/ good4 ,9 ,gli   
,eroici ,furori we see ,bruno z a man1 z
 a philosoph]1 & z a believ]3 "h he     
reveals himself z ! h]o ( ?\ght4 ,ev5 z 
,*ri/ 0 ! h]o ( fai?1 & sacrific$       
himself = x1 s ,bruno decl>es himself   
ready to sacrifice himself = sci5ce4 ,x 
is also a lit]>y1 a philosophical1 & a  
religi\s "w2 =m1 h[ev]1 is sacrific$ to 
! idea--s absorb$ is ! au?or 9 ! idea t 
he (t5 ignores =m altoge!r4 ,an exile   
w&]+ f place to place1 he wrote hurri$ly
 & seldom or ev] _h he ! opportunity (  
revis+ :at he _h writt5 d[n4 ,8 m9d 9 ! 
impulsiv5ess ( its improvisation 0 l !  
volcano ( 8 native soil1 :i*1 r5t by    
subt]ranean flames1 s5ds =? f its       
vortices ( fire1 at ! same "t smoke1    
a%es1 turbid floods1 /ones1 & lava4 ,he 

contemplates ! s\l1 & seeks to und]/&   
its language2 he is a physiologi/ & a   
naturali/1 m]g$ 9 ! my/ic & ! enlight5$ 
devotee4  ,bruno might h made a fix$    
home = himself 9 ,engl&1 z s _m ( 8     
compatriots _h done1 & h cont9u$ to     
enjoy ! society ( su* m5 z ,sir ,philip 
,sydney1 ,fulke ,greville1 &1 p]*ance1  
also ( ,%akespe>e himself1 :o 0 9       
,london ab\t t "t2 b 8 self-impos$      
mission all[$ him no re/2 he mu/ g =?1 &
 c>ry 8 doctr9es to ! _w1 & =get !      
pleasures ( fri5d%ip & ! ties ( com=t 9 
! l>g] love ( humanity2 8 "w 0 to awak5 
s\ls out ( _! le?>gy1 to inspire !m ) ! 
love ( ! highe/ good & ( tru?2 to tea* t
 ,god is to be f\nd 9 ! /udy ( ,nature1 
t ! laws ( ! visible _w w expla9 ^? ( ! 
invisible1 ! union ( sci5ce & humanity )
 ,nature & ) ,god4  ,bruno return$ to   
,p>is 9 #aehe1 be+ at t "t tutor 9 !    
family ( ,mauvissi]1 :o _h be5 recall$ f
 ,engl& by 8 ,sov]eign4 ,dur+ ,bruno's  
second soj\rn 9 ,p>is ef=ts 7 made by   
,m5doza1 ! ,spani% ambassador1 & o!rs1  

to induce him to return to 8 allegiance 
to ! ,*ur*1 & to be reconcil$ to !      
,pope2 b ,bruno decl9$ ^! ov]tures1 &   
soon aft] left ,p>is = ,g]many1 :]e he  
arriv$ on foot1 8 only burd5 be+ a few  
books4  ,he visit$ ,m>burg &            
,wurtemburg1 rema9+ 9 ! latt] place two 
ye>s1 e>n+ 8 bread by tea*+4  ,prague & 
,frank=t 7 next visit$2 ev] ! same      
c\rage & boldness *>act]is$ 8 tea*+1 &  
ev] ! same scanty welcome 0 accord$ to  
x1 al?\gh 9 e city & univ]sity cr[ds ( !
 intellig5t li/5$ to 8 lectures2 b !    
,*ur* nev] lo/ sight ( ,bruno1 he 0     
always "u surveillance1 & few d>$ to %[ 
!mselves op5ly 8 fri5ds4 ,absorb$ 9 8   
/udies & int5t ^u 8 "w1 writ+ ) fev]i%  
ha/e1 he obs]v$ no?+ ( ! invisible net  
:i* 8 enemies kept spread ab\t him1 &   
:ile 8 sl&]]s 7 busy 9 do+ him injury he
 0 occupi$ 9 tea*+ ! mnemonic art1 &    
expla9+ 8 sy/em ( philosophy to ! "y    
,lu!rans :o att5d$ 8 lectures2 9 settl+ 
! basis ( a new & rational religion1 & 9
 writ+ ,lat9 v]ses2 us+ ev] great]      

dilig5ce ) 8 "w1 almo/ z if he felt t ! 
"t 0 draw+ ne> 9 :i* he w\ld be no long]
 at lib]ty to "w & tea*4  ,x 0 dur+ !   
e>ly "p ( ! pontificate ( ,gregory      
,,xiv4 t ,bruno receiv$ lett]s f        
,moc5igo 9 ,v5ice1 urg+ him to return to
 ,italy1 & to g & /ay ) him 9 ,v5ice1 & 
in/ruct him 9 ! secrets ( sci5ce4 ,bruno
 0 beg9n+ to tire ( ?is p]petually w&]+ 
life1 & aft] sev]al lett]s f ,moc5igo1  
full ( f9e pr(essions ( fri5d%ip &      
protection1 ,bruno1 long+ to see 8      
c\ntry aga91 turn$ 8 face t[>ds ,v5ice4 
,9 ^? days m5 ( sup]ior intellect 7 (t5 
consid]$ to be magicians or sorc]]s2    
,moc5igo1 aft] entic+ ,bruno to ,v5ice1 
insi/$ ^u 8 tea*+ him ! secret ( memory 
& o!r ?+s t he knew4  ,! philosoph] )   
untir+ pati5ce tri$ to in/il into ?is   
dull head ! pr9ciples ( logic1 ! elem5ts
 ( ma!matics1 & ! rudim5ts ( ! mnemonic 
art2 b ! pupil hat$ /udy1 & _h no       
faculty ( ?\ght2 yet he insi/$ t ,bruno 
%\ld make sci5ce cle>ly kn[n to him6 ,b 
?is 0 probably only to initiate a qu>rel

 ) ,bruno1 :om he int5d$ aft]w>ds to    
betray1 & deliv] into ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*4  
,! ,holy ,(fice w\ld h laid h&s on      
,bruno imm$iately on 8 arrival 9 ,italy1
 b be+ assur$ by ,moc5igo t he c\ld n   
escape1 !y left him a c]ta9 lib]ty1 s t 
he might m surely compromise himself1   
:ile 8 enemies 7 busy collect+ evid5ce  
aga9/ him4 ,:5 at la/ 8 eyes became op5$
 to :at 0 go+ on ab\t him1 & he c\ld no 
long] ignore ! p]il ( 8 position1 x 0   
too late2 ,bruno c\ld n get away1 & 0   
told by ,moc5igo t if he /ay$ n by 8 own
 w & pleasure1 he w\ld be compell$ to   
rema9 :]e he 04 ,bruno1 h[ev]1 made 8   
prep>ations = dep>ture1 & s5t 8 ?+s on  
to ,frank=t1 int5d+ to leave ! next day 
himself2 b 9 ! morn+1 :ile he 0 /ill 9  
b$1 ,moc5igo ent]$ ! *amb]1 pret5d+ t he
 wi%$ to speak ) him2 !n call+ 8 s]vant 
,b>tolo & five or six gondoli]s1 :o     
wait$ )\t1 !y =c$ ,bruno to rise1 &     
conduct$ him to a g>ret1 & lock$ him 94 
,!re he pass$ ! fir/ day ( t imprisonm5t
 :i* 0 to la/ = eight ye>s4 ,! next day 

he w5t ov] ! lagoon 9 a gondola1 9 !    
company ( 8 jailors1 :o took him to !   
prison ( ! ,holy ,(fice1 & left him !re4
 ,levi devotes _m pages to ! accusations
 br\ght aga9/ ,giordano ,bruno by !     
,inquisitors1 & ! depositions &         
d5unciations made aga9/ him by 8        
enemies4 ,! ,c\rt 0 op5$ )\t delay1 &   
mo/ ( ! prov9ces ( ,italy 7 repres5t$ by
 _! delegates 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! trial2    
,bruno himself1 be+ int]rogat$1 gave an 
acc\nt 9 detail ( 8 life1 ( 8 w&]+s1 ( 8
 occupations & works3 s]5e & dignifi$   
be=e ?is t]rible tribunal1 he exp\nd$ 8 
doctr9e1 its pr9ciples1 & logical       
consequ5ces4 ,he spoke ( ! univ]se1 ( ! 
inf9ite worlds 9 inf9ite space1 ( !     
div9ity 9 all ?+s1 ( ! unity ( all ?+s1 
! dep5d5ce & int]-dep5d5ce ( all ?+s1 & 
( ! exi/5ce ( ,god 9 all4 ,aft] n9e     
mon?s' imprisonm5t 9 ,v5ice1 t[>ds ! end
 ( ,janu>y #aeic1 ,bruno1 9 *a9s1 0     
convey$ f ! ,bridge ( ,sighs ?r\gh !    
lagoons to ,ancona1 :]e he rema9$       
inc>c]at$ until ! prison ( ! ,roman     

,inquisition receiv$ him4 ,if we look ^u
 ,gli ,eroici ,furori z a prophetical   
poem1 we see t 8 suff]+s 9 ! lonel9ess (
 8 prison & 9 ! torture-*amb] ( !       
,inquisition pass$ by anticipation be=e 
8 m9d 9 ! book writt5 :5 he 0 free & a  
w&]] 9 /range l&s4      ,by :at         
condition1 nature1 or fell *ance1     ,9
 liv+ dea?1 dead life ,i live8  he      
writes eight ye>s & m be=e he ev] brea!d
 ! /ifl+ air ( a dungeon2 & aga93       
,! s\l nor yields nor b5ds to ^! r\gh   
bl[s1     ,b be>s1 exult+1 ?is long     
m>tyrdom1     ,& makes a h>mony ( ^! %>p
 pangs4  ,fur!r details ( ! trial (     
,giordano ,bruno are to be f\nd 9       
,levi's book4 ,x is well kn[n h[ he     
receiv$ ! s5t5ce ( dea? pass$ ^u him1   
say+3 ,y1 ,o judges6 feel p]*ance m     
t]ror 9 pron\nc+ ?is judgm5t ?an ,i d 9 
he>+ x4 ,! day fix$ = ! burn+1 :i* 0 to 
take place 9 ! ,campo dei ,fiori1 0 !   
#ag? ,febru>y 9 ! ye> #afjj4 ,rome 0    
full ( pilgrims f all p>ts1 come to     
celebrate ! jubilee ( ,pope ,clem5t     

,,viii4 ,bruno 0 h>dly fifty ye>s old at
 ?is "t2 8 face 0 ?9 & pale1 ) d>k1 fi]y
 eyes2 ! =ehead lum9\s ) ?\ght1 8 body  
frail & be>+ ! signs ( torture2 8 h&s 9 
*a9s1 8 feet b>e1 he walk$ ) sl[ /eps 9 
! e>ly morn+ t[>ds ! fun]al pile4       
,brightly %one ! sun1 & ! flames leapt  
upw>ds & m+l$ ) 8 ard5t rays2 ,bruno    
/ood 9 ! mid/ ) 8 arms cross$1 8 head   
rais$1 8 eyes op52 :5 all 0 consum$1 a  
monk took a h&ful ( ! a%es & scatt]$ !m 
9 ! w9d4 ,a mon? lat]1 ! ,bi%op (       
,sidonia pres5t$ himself at ! ,treasury 
( ! ,pope1 & dem&$ two scudi 9 paym5t = 
hav+ degrad$ ,fra ,giordano ! h]etic4   
,l'inc5dio  tal1 *'io m'ardo e non mi   
sfaccio4      ,,eroici ,,furori4     ,,!
  ,,h]oic ,,en?usia/s4     ,fir/        
,dialogue4  ,,tansillo1 ,,cicada4       
,,tans4 ,! en?usiasms mo/ suitable to be
 fir/ br\ght =w>d & consid]$ are ^? t ,i
 n[ place be=e y 9 ! ord] t seems to me 
mo/ fitt+4  ,,cic4 ,beg91 !n1 to read4  
,,tansillo4  #a4      ,ye ,muses1 t s (t
 ,i h repuls$1     ,t1 n[ importun$1    

ha/e to cure my pa91     ,& to console  
me 9 my woes     ,) v]ses1 rhymes1 &    
exaltation     ,su* z to o!rs ye did    
nev] %[1     ,:o yet d vaunt !mselves ( 
laurel & ( myrtle     ,be ne> me n[1 my 
an*or & my port1     ,le/ ,i = sport    
%\ld t[>ds "s o!rs turn4      ,o ,m\nt6 
,o ,goddesses6 ,o ,f\nta96     ,:]e & ) 
:om ,i dwell1 conv]se & n\ri% me1       
,:]e peacefully ,i pond] & gr[ fair2    
,i rise1 ,i live3 he>t1 _s1 br[s adorn2 
,dea?1 cypresses1 & hells     ,y *ange  
to life1 to laurels1 & et]nal />s6  ,x  
is to be suppos$ t he (times & = div]s  
reasons _h repuls$ ! ,muses2 fir/1      
because he c\ld n be idle z a prie/ ( ! 
,muses %\ld be1 = idl5ess _c exi/ !re1  
:]e ! m9i/]s & s]vants ( envy1          
ignorance1 & malignity are to be        
combat$4 ,moreov]1 he c\ld n =ce himself
 to ! /udy ( philosophies1 :i* ?\gh !y  
be n ! mo/ mature1 yet ought1 z k9dr$ ( 
! ,muses1 to prec$e !m4 ,besides :i*1   
be+ drawn on "o side by ! tragic        
,melpom5e1 ) m matt] ?an _s1 & on ! o!r 

side by ! comic ,?alia1 ) m _s ?an      
matt]1 x came to pass t1 oscillat+      
betwe5 ! two1 he rema9$ neutral &       
inactive1 r ?an op]ative4 ,f9ally1 !    
dictum ( ! c5sors1 :o1 re/ra9+ him f t  
:i* 0 high & wor?y1 & t[>ds :i* he 0    
naturally incl9$1 s\ght to enslave 8    
g5ius1 & f be+ free 9 virtue !y w\ld h  
r5d]$ him contemptible "u a mo/ vile &  
/upid hypocrisy4 ,at la/1 9 ! great :irl
 ( annoyances by :i* he 0 surr\nd$1 x   
happ5$ t1 n hav+ :]e) to console him1 he
 li/5$ to ^? :o are said to intoxicate  
him ) su* exaltation1 v]ses1 & rhymes1 z
 !y _h nev] demon/rat$ to o!rs2 because 
?is "w %9es m by its orig9ality ?an by  
its conv5tionality4  ,,cic4 ,say1 :at d 
y mean by ^? :o vaunt !mselves ( myrtle 
& laurel8  ,,tans4 ,^? may & d boa/ ( ! 
myrtle :o s+ ( love3 if !y be> !mselves 
nobly1 !y may we> a cr[n ( t plant      
consecrat$ to ,v5us1 ( :i* !y "k !      
pot5cy4 ,^? may boa/ ( ! laurel :o s+   
wor?ily ( ?+s p]ta9+ to h]oes1 sub/itut+
 h]oic s\ls = speculative & moral       

philosophy1 & prais+ !m & sett+ z       
mirrors & exempl>s = political & civil  
actions4  ,,cic4 ,!re are !n _m species 
( poets & cr[ns8  ,,tans4 ,n only z _m z
 !re are ,muses1 b a great _m m2 =      
al?\gh g5ius is to be met )1 yet c]ta9  
modes & species ( human +5uity _c be ?us
 classifi$4  ,,cic4 ,!re are c]ta9      
s*oolm5 :o b>ely all[ ,hom] to be a     
poet1 & set d[n ,virgil1 ,ovid1 ,m>tial1
 ,hesiod1 ,lucretius1 & _m o!rs z       
v]sifi]s1 judg+ !m by ! rules ( poetry (
 ,ari/otle4  ,,tans4 ,"k = c]ta91 my    
bro!r1 t su* z ^! are bea/s4 ,!y d n    
consid] t ^? rules s]ve pr9cipally z a  
frame = ! ,hom]ic poetry1 & = o!r simil>
 to x1 & !y set up "o z a great poet1   
high z ,hom]1 & disall[ ^? ( o!r ve91 & 
art1 & en?usiasm1 :o 9 _! v>i\s k9ds are
 equal1 simil>1 or great]4  ,,cic4 ,s t 
,hom] 0 n a poet :o dep5d$ ^u rules1 b 0
 ! cause ( ! rules :i* s]ve = ^? :o are 
m apt at imitation ?an inv5tion1 & !y h 
be5 us$ by him :o1 be+ no poet1 yet knew
 h[ to take ! rules ( ,hom]ic poetry    

into s]vice1 s z to become1 n a poet or 
a ,hom]1 b "o :o apes ! ,muse ( o!rs8   
,,tans4 ,?\ do/ well conclude t poetry  
is n born 9 rules1 or only slightly &   
accid5tally s2 ! rules are d]iv$ f !    
poetry1 & !re are z _m k9ds & sorts (   
true rules z !re are k9ds & sorts ( true
 poets4  ,,cic4 ,h[ !n are ! true poets 
to be kn[n8  ,,tans4 ,by ! s++ ( _!     
v]ses2 9 t s++ !y give delight1 or !y   
edify1 or !y edify & delight toge!r4    
,,cic4 ,to :om !n are ! rules (         
,ari/otle useful8  ,,tans4 ,to him :o1  
unlike ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,orpheus1 & o!rs1
 c\ld n s+ )\t ! rules ( ,ari/otle1 &   
:o1 hav+ no ,muse ( 8 own1 w\ld coquette
 ) t ( ,hom]4  ,,cic4 ,!n !y are wrong1 
^? /upid p$ants ( our days1 :o exclude f
 ! numb] ( poets ^? :o d n use words &  
metaphors con=mable to1 or ^: pr9ciples 
are n 9 union )1 ^? ( ,hom] & ,virgil2  
or because !y d n obs]ve ! cu/om (      
invocation1 or because !y weave "o      
hi/ory or tale ) ano!r1 or because !y   
f9i% ! song ) an epilogue on :at has be5

 said & a prelude on :at is to be said1 
& _m o!r k9ds ( criticism & c5sure1 f   
:5ce x seems !y w\ld imply t !y         
!mselves1 if ! fancy took !m1 c\ld be ! 
true poets2 & yet 9 fact !y are no o!r  
?an worms1 t "k n h[ to d any?+ well1 b 
are born only to gnaw & bef\l ! /udies &
 lab\rs ( o!rs2 & n be+ able to atta9   
celebrity by _! own virtue & +5uity1    
seek to put !mselves 9 ! front1 by hook 
or by crook1 ?r\gh ! defects & errors ( 
o!rs4  ,,tans4 ,n[1 to return f ?is long
 digression1 ,i say t !re are z _m sorts
 ( poets z !re are human s5tim5ts &     
ideas2 & to ^! x is possible to adapt   
g>l&s1 n only ( e species ( plant1 b    
also ( o!r k9ds ( mat]ial4 ,s ! cr[ns ( 
poets are made n only ( myrtle & (      
laurel1 b ( v9e leaves = ! :ite-w9e     
v]ses1 & ( ivy = ! bac*anals2 ( olive = 
sacrifice & laws2 ( popl>1 ( elm1 & (   
corn = agriculture2 ( cypress = fun]als1
 & innum]able o!rs = o!r occasions2 &1  
if x please y1 also ( t mat]ial signifi$
 by a good fell[ :5 he exclaim$3      ,o

 ,fri> ,leek6 ,o ,poeta/]6     ,t 9     
,milan did/ buckle on ?y wrea?          
,compos$ ( salad1 sausage1 & !          
pepp]-ca/]4  ,,cic4 ,n[ surely he (     
div]s moods1 :i* he exhibits 9 v>i\s    
ways1 may cov] himself ) ! bran*es (    
diff]5t plants1 & may hold disc\rse     
wor?ily ) ! ,muses1 = !y are 8 aura or  
com=t]1 8 an*or or support1 & 8 h>b\r1  
to :i* he retires 9 times ( lab\r1 (    
agitation1 & /orm4 ,h5ce he cries3 ,o   
m\nta9 ( ,p>nassus1 :]e ,i abide6       
,muses1 ) :om ,i conv]se6 ,f\nta9 (     
,helicon1 :]e ,i am n\ri%$4 ,m\nta91 t  
af=de/ me a quiet dwell+-place6 ,muses1 
t inspire me ) pr(\nd doctr9es4 ,f\nta91
 t cleanses me6 ,m\nta91 on ^: asc5t my 
he>t uprises6 ,muses1 t 9 disc\rse      
revive my _s4 ,well1 ^: arb\rs cool my  
br[s6 ,*ange my dea? into life1 my      
cypress to laurels1 & my hells into     
heav5s3 t is1 give me immortality1 make 
me poet1 r5d] me illu/ri\s6  ,,tans4    
,well2 because to ^? :om ,heav5 fav\rs !
 greate/ evils turn to greate/ good1 =  

ne$s or necessities br+ =? lab\rs &     
/udies1 & ^! mo/ (t5 br+ ! glory (      
immortal spl5d\r4  ,,cic4 ,= to die 9 "o
 age makes u live 9 all ! re/4 ,g on4   
,,tans4 ,!n foll[s3  #b4      ,9 =m &   
place l to ,p>nassus is my he>t1     ,& 
up unto ?is m\nt = safety ,i asc5d2     
,my ,muses are my ?\ghts1 & !y pres5t to
 me     ,at e h\r new beauties c\nt$    
out4     ,! frequ5t te>s t f my eyes d  
p\r1     ,^! make my f\nt ( ,helicon4   
,by su* a m\nt1 su* nymphs1 su* floods1 
,z ,heav5 did please1 0 ,i a poet born4 
,no k+ ( any k+dom1     ,no fav\r+ h& ( 
emp]or1     ,no highe/ prie/ nor great  
pa/or1     ,has giv5 to me su* graces1  
hon\rs1 privileges1     ,z are ^? laurel
 leaves ) :i*     ,o'er%ad[$ are my     
he>t1 my ?\ghts1 my te>s4  ,"h he       
decl>es 8 m\nta9 to be ! exalt$         
affection ( 8 he>t1 8 ,muses he calls ! 
beauties & attributes ( ! object ( 8    
affections1 & ! f\nta9 is 8 te>s4 ,9 t  
m\nta9 affection is k9dl$2 ?r\gh ^?     
beauties en?usiasm is conceiv$1 & by ^? 

te>s ! en?usia/ic affection is          
demon/rat$2 & he e/eems himself n less  
gr&ly cr[n$ by 8 he>t1 8 ?\ghts1 & 8    
te>s ?an o!rs are by ! h& ( k+s1        
emp]ors1 & popes4  ,,cic4 ,expla9 to me 
:at he means by 8 he>t be+ 9 =m l       
,p>nassus4  ,,tans4 ,because ! human    
he>t has two summits1 :i* t]m9ate 9 "o  
base or root2 &1 spiritually1 f "o      
affection ( ! he>t proce$ two opposites1
 love & hate2 & ! m\nta9 ( ,p>nassus has
 two summits & "o base4  ,,cic4 ,on to !
 next6  #c4      ,! capta9 calls 8      
w>riors to arms1     ,& at ! trumpet's  
s\nd !y all     ,"u "o sign & /&>d come4
     ,b yet = "s 9 va9 ! call is he>d1  
,he$less & unprep>$1 !y m9d x n4     ,"o
 foe he kills1 & ! insane unborn1       
,he bani%es f out ! camp 9 scorn4     ,&
 ?us ! s\l1 :5 foil$ h] high designs1   
,w\ld h all ^? oppon5ts dead or gone2   
,"o object only ,i reg>d1     ,"o face  
alone my m9d does fill1     ,"o beauty  
keeps me fix$ & /ill2     ,"o arr[ pi]c$
 my he>t1 & "o     ,! fire ) :i* alone  

,i burn1     ,& t[>ds "o p>adise ,i     
turn4  ,?is capta9 is ! human w1 :i*    
dwells 9 ! dep?s ( ! s\l ) ! small helm 
( reason to gov]n & guide ! int]ior p[]s
 aga9/ ! wave ( natural impulses4 ,he1 )
 ! s\nd ( ! trumpet--t is1 by fix$      
resolve--calls all ! w>riors or invokes 
all ! p[]s2 call$ w>riors because !y are
 9 cont9ual /rife & opposition2 & _!    
affections1 :i* are all contr>y ?\ghts1 
"s t[>ds "o & "s t[>ds ! o!r side       
incl9+1 & he tries to br+ !m all "u "o  
flag--"o settl$ end & aim4 ,"s are call$
 9 va9 to put 9 a ready appe>ance1 & are
 *iefly ^? :i* proce$ f ! l[] in/9cts1 &
 :i* obey ! reason ei!r n at all1 or v  
little2 & =c+ himself to prev5t _!      
actions & condemn ^? :i* _c be prev5t$1 
he %[s himself z "o :o w\ld kill ^? &   
bani% ^!1 n[ by ! sc\rge ( scorn1 n[ by 
! sword ( ang]4 ,"o only is ! object ( 8
 reg>ds1 & on ?is he is int5tly fix$2 "o
 prospect delights & fills 8 imag9ation1
 "o beauty pleases1 & he re/s 9 t1      
because ! op]ation ( ! intellig5ce is n 

a "w ( movem5t b ( quiet2 f !nce alone  
he d]ives t b>b :i*1 kill+ him1         
con/itutes ! consummation ( p]fection4  
,he burns ) "o fire alone2 t is1 "o     
affection consumes him4  ,,cic4 ,:y is  
love symboliz$ by fire8  ,,tans4 ,= _m  
reasons1 b at pres5t let ?is "o suffice 
!e3 t z love conv]ts ! ?+ lov$ into !   
lov]1 s among/ ! elem5ts fire is active 
& pot5t to conv]t all ! o!rs1 simple &  
composite1 into itself4  ,,cic4 ,g on4  
,,tans4 ,he kn[s "o p>adise--t is1 "o   
consummation1 because p>adise commonly  
signifies ! end2 :i* is aga9 di/+ui%$ f 
t :i* is absolute 9 tru? & ess5ce f t   
:i* is s 9 appe>ance & %ad[ or =m4 ,( ! 
fir/ !re c only be "o1 z !re c be only  
"o ultimate & "o primal good4 ,( !      
second ! modes are inf9ite4  #d4        
,love1 ,fate1 ,love's object1 & cold    
,jeal\sy1     ,delight me1 & torm5t1    
cont5t me1 & afflict4     ,! ins5sate   
boy1 ! bl9d & s9i/]1     ,! l(tie/      
beauty1 & my dea? alone     ,%[ to me   
p>adise1 & take away1     ,pres5t me )  

all good1 & /eal x f me1     ,s t !     
he>t1 ! m9d1 ! _s1 & ! s\l1     ,h joy1 
pa91 cold1 & weight 9 _! control4       
,:o w deliv] me f w>8     ,:o give to me
 ! fruit ( love 9 peace8     ,& t :i*   
vexes t :i* pleases me     7,op5+ !     
gates ( heav5 & clos+ !m7     ,:o w set 
f> ap>t     ,to make acceptable my fires
 & te>s8  ,he %[s ! reason & orig9 (    
passion2 & :5ce x is conceiv$2 & h[     
en?usiasm is born1 by pl\gh+ ! field ( !
 ,muses & scatt]+ ! se$ ( 8 ?\ghts &    
wait+ = ! fruitful h>ve/1 discov]+ 9    
himself ! f]v\r ( ! affections in/ead ( 
9 ! sun1 & 9 place ( ! ra9 is ! moi/ure 
( 8 eyes4 ,he br+s =w>d f\r ?+s3 ,love1 
,fate1 ! ,object1 & ,jeal\sy4 ,"h love  
is n a l[1 ignoble1 & unwor?y motor1 b a
 noble "l & *ief4 ,fate is none o!r ?an 
! pre-orda9$ disposition & ord] (       
casualties to :i* he is subject by 8    
de/9y4 ,! object is ! ?+ lov$ & !       
correlative ( ! lov]4 ,jeal\sy1 x is    
cle>1 mu/ be ! ard\r ( ! lov] ab\t ! ?+ 
lov$1 ( :i* x boots n to speak to him :o

 kn[s :at love is1 & :i* x is va9 to try
 to expla9 to o!rs4 ,love delights1     
because to him :o loves x is a pleasure 
to love2 & he :o really loves w\ld n    
cease f lov+4 ,?is is ref]r$ to 9 !     
foll[+ sonnet3  #e4      ,belov$1 sweet1
 & hon\rable w\nd1     ,f faire/ d>t t  
love did *oose1     ,l(ty1 mo/ beaute\s 
& pot5tial zeal1     ,t makes ! s\l 9   
its own flames f9d weal6     ,:at p[] or
 spell ( h]b or magic art     ,c te> !e 
f ! c5tre ( my he>t1     ,s9ce he1 :o ) 
an ev]-gr[+ ze/1     ,torm5t+ mo/1 yet  
mo/ does make me ble/8     ,h[ c ,i (   
?is weight unburd5$ be1     ,if pa9 !   
cure1 & joy ! sore give me8     ,sweet  
is my pa93 to ?is _w new & r>e4         
,eyes6 ye are ! b[ & tor*es ( my "l6    
,d\ble ! flames & arr[s 9 my brea/1     
,= langui%+ is sweet & burn+ be/4  ,fate
 vexes & grieves by undesirable &       
un=tunate ev5ts1 or because x makes !   
subject feel unwor?y ( ! object1 & out (
 proportion ) ! dignity ( ! latt]1 or   
because a p]fect sympa?y does n exi/1 or

 = o!r reasons & ob/acles t arise4 ,!   
object satisfies ! subject1 :i* is      
n\ri%$ by no o!r1 seeks no o!r1 is      
occupi$ by no o!r1 & bani%es e o!r      
?\ght4 ,jeal\sy torm5ts1 because al?\gh 
%e is ! daught] ( ,love1 & is d]iv$ f   
him1 & is 8 companion :o always goes )  
him1 & is a sign ( ! same1 be+ und]/ood 
z a necess>y consequ5ce :]ev] love is   
f\nd 7z may be obs]v$ ( :ole g5]ations  
:o1 f ! coldness ( ! region & lat5ess ( 
developm5t1 le>n little1 love less1 & ( 
jeal\sy "k no?+71 yet1 not)/&+ its      
k9%ip1 association1 & signification1    
jeal\sy comes to tr\ble & poisons all t 
x f9ds ( beautiful & ( good 9 ,love4    
,!re=e ,i said 9 ano!r sonnet3  #f4     
,oh1 wick$ *ild ( ,envy & ( ,love6      
,t turne/ into pa9 ?y fa!r's joys1      
,to evil ,argus-ey$1 b bl9d z mole to   
good4     ,m9i/] ( torm5t6 ,jeal\sy6    
,fetid h>py6 ,tisiphone inf]nal6     ,:o
 /eals & poisons o!rs' good1     ,"u ?y 
cruel brea? does langui%     ,! sweete/ 
fl[] ( all my hopes4     ,pr\d ( ?yself1

 unlovely "o1     ,bird ( sorr[ & h>b+] 
( ill1     ,! he>t ?\ visite/ by ?\s&   
doors2     ,if entrance unto !e c\ld be 
d5i$1     ,! reign ( ,love w\ld s mu*   
fair] be1     ,z w\ld ?is _w 7 dea? &   
hate away4  ,to ! above is add$1 t      
,jeal\sy n only is sometimes ! ru9 &    
dea? ( ! lov]1 b (t5 kills ,love itself1
 because ,love comes to be s mu* "u its 
influ5ce t x is impell$ to despise !    
object1 & 9 fact becomes ali5at$ f x1   
especially :5 x eng5d]s disda94  ,,cic4 
,expla9 n[ ! ideas :i* foll[4 ,:y is    
,love call$ ! ins5sate boy8  ,,tans4 ,i 
w tell y4 ,love is call$ ! ins5sate boy1
 n because he is s ( himself1 b because 
he br+s c]ta9 ones into subjection1 &   
dwells 9 su* subjects1 s9ce ! m         
intellectual & speculative "o is1 ! m   
,love raises ! g5ius & purifies !       
intellect1 r5d]+ x al]t1 /udi\s1 &      
circumspect1 promot+ a condition (      
valor\s animosity & an emulation (      
virtues & dignities by ! desire to      
please & to make itself wor?y ( ! ?+    

lov$2 o!rs1 & !y are ! l>ge/ numb]1 call
 him mad & fooli%1 because he drives !m 
di/ract$1 & hurries !m into excesses1 by
 :i* ! _s1 s\l1 & body become sickly1 & 
inept to consid] & di/+ui% t :i* is     
seemly f t :i* is di/ort$2 ?us r5d]+ !m 
subject to scorn1 d]ision1 & reproa*4   
,,cic4 ,x is commonly said t love makes 
fools ( ! old & makes ! "y wise4        
,,tans4 ,t drawback does n happ5 to all 
! ag$1 nor t advantage to all ! "y2 ! "o
 is true ( ! weak1 & ! o!r ( ! robu/4   
,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t he :o loves wisely 9 
y\? w 9 age n g a/ray4 ,b d]ision is =  
^? ( mature age1 into ^: h&s ,love puts 
! alphabet4  ,,cic4 ,tell me n[ :y ,fate
 is call$ bl9d & bad4  ,,tans4 ,aga91   
bl9d & bad is n said ( ,de/9y itself1   
because x is ( ! same ord] & numb] &    
measure z ! univ]se2 b z to ! subjects x
 is said to be bl9d1 = !y are bl9d to   
fate1 %e be+ s unc]ta94 ,s also is ,fate
 said to be evil1 because e liv+ mortal 
:o lam5ts & compla9s1 blames h]4 ,z !   
,apulian poet says3      ,h[ is x1 or   

:at means x1 ,mc5as1     ,t none on e>? 
cont5t$ ) t fate appe>1     ,:i* ,reason
 or ,heav5 has assign$ to !m8  ,9 ! same
 way he calls ! object ! highe/ beauty1 
z x is t alone :i* has p[] ( attract+   
him to itself2 & ?us he holds x m wor?y1
 m noble1 & feels x pr$om9ant & sup]ior 
z he becomes subject & captive to x4 ,my
 dea? itself1 he says ( ,jeal\sy1       
because z ,love has no m close companion
 ?an %e1 s also he feels he has no      
great] enemy2 z no?+ is m hurtful to    
iron ?an ru/1 :i* is produc$ by x4      
,,cic4 ,n[1 s9ce y h begun s1 cont9ue to
 %[ bit by bit t :i* rema9s4  ,,tans4 ,s
 w ,i4 ,he says next ( ,love3 he %[s me 
,p>adise1 9 ord] to prove t ,love       
himself is n bl9d1 & does n himself r5d]
 any lov]s bl9d1 except ?r\gh ! ignoble 
*>act]i/ics ( ! subject2 ev5 z ! birds (
 night become bl9d 9 ! sun%9e4 ,z =     
himself1 ,love bright5s1 cle>s1 & op5s !
 intellect1 p]meat+ all & produc+       
miracul\s effects4  ,,cic4 ,mu* ( ?is1 x
 seems to me1 ! ,nolano demon/rates 9   

ano!r sonnet3  #g4      ,love1 ?r\gh :om
 high tru? ,i d disc]n1     ,?\ op5e/ ! 
black diamond doors2     ,?r\gh ! eyes  
ent]s my deity1 & ?r\gh see+     ,is    
born1 lives1 is n\ri%$1 & has et]nal    
reign2     ,%[s =? :at heav5 holds1 e>? 
& hell3     ,makes pres5t true images ( 
! abs5t2     ,ga9s /r5g?3 & draw+ )     
/raight aim1     ,w\nds1 lays b>e &     
frets ! inmo/ he>t4     ,att5d n[1 ?\   
base h9d unto ! tru?1     ,b5d d[n ! e> 
to my un]r+ ^w2     ,op51 op51 if ?\    
can/ ! eyes1 fooli% p]v]t$ "o6     ,?\  
und]/&+ little1 call'/ him *ild1        
,because ?\ swiftly *ange/1 fugitive he 
seems1     ,?yself n see+1 call'/ him   
bl9d4  ,love %[s ,p>adise 9 ord] t !    
highe/ ?+s may be he>d1 und]/ood1 &     
accompli%$2 or x makes ! ?+s lov$1      
gr&--at lea/ 9 appe>ance4 ,he says1     
,fate takes love away2 because1 (t5 9   
spite ( ! lov]1 x does n conc$e1 & t :i*
 he sees & desires is di/ant & adv]se to
 him4 ,e good he sets be=e me1 he says (
 ! object1 because t :i* is indicat$ by 

! f+] ( ,love seems to him ! only ?+1 ! 
pr9cipal1 & ! :ole4 ,/eals x f me1 he   
says ( ,jeal\sy1 n simply 9 ord] t x may
 n be pres5t to me2 remov+ x f my       
eyesight1 b 9 ord] t good may n be good1
 b an acute evil2 sweet1 n sweet1 b an  
agoniz$ long+2 :ile ! he>t--t is1 ! w1  
has joy by ! great =ce ( love1 :atev]   
may be ! result2 ! m9d--t is1 !         
intellectual "p1 has pa9 ?r\gh ! ,fe> ( 
,fate1 :i* fate does n fav\r ! lov]2 !  
_s--t is1 ! natural affections1 are cold
 because !y are snat*$ f ! object :i*   
gives joy to ! he>t1 & :i* might give   
pleasure to ! m9d2 ! s\l--t is1 ! suff]+
 & s5sitive s\l1 is heavy--t is1 f9ds   
itself oppress$ ) ! heavy burd5 (       
jeal\sy :i* torm5ts x4 ,to ?is          
consid]ation ( 8 /ate he adds a te>ful  
lam5t1 & says3 ,:o w deliv] me f w>1 &  
give me peace8 or :o w sep>ate t :i*    
pa9s & injures me f t :i* ,i s love1 &  
:i* op5s to me ! gates ( heav51 s t !   
f]vid flames 9 my he>t may be           
acceptable1 & =tunate ! f\nta9s ( my    

te>s8 ,cont9u+ ?is proposition1 he adds3
  #h4      ,ah me6 oppress "s o!r1      
spiteful ,fate6     ,jeal\sy1 get !e    
h5ce--begone6 away6     ,^! may suffice 
to %[ me all ! grace     ,( *angeful    
,love1 & ( t noble face4     ,he takes  
my life1 %e gives me dea?1     ,%e w+s1 
he burns my he>t1     ,he murd]s x1 & %e
 revives ! s\l3     ,my succ\r %e1 my   
griev\s burd5 he6     ,b :at say ,i (   
,love8     ,if he & %e "o subject be1 or
 =m1     ,if ) "o empire & "o rule !y   
/amp     ,"o sole impression 9 my he>t (
 he>ts1     ,!n are !y two1 yet "o1 on  
:i* d wait     ,! mir? & melan*oly ( my 
/ate6  ,f\r beg9n+s & extremes ( two    
opposites he w\ld r$uce to two beg9n+s &
 "o opposite3 he says1 !n1 oppress      
o!rs--t is1 let x suffice !e1 ,o my     
,fate6 t ?\ ha/ s mu* oppress$ me2 &    
s9ce ?\ can/ n exi/ )\t ex]cise (       
?yself1 turn else:]e ?y ang]4 ,get !e   
h5ce out ( ! _w1 ?\ ,jeal\sy1 because "o
 ( ^? two o!rs :i* rema9 c supply y\r   
functions & (fices2 yet1 ,o ,fate6 ?\   

art none o!r ?an my love2 & ?\1         
,jeal\sy1 art n ext]nal to ! sub/ance ( 
! same4 ,he alone1 !n1 rema9s to deprive
 me ( life1 to burn me1 to give me dea?1
 & to be to me ! burd5 ( my bones2 = he 
deliv]s me f dea?--w+s1 enliv5s1 &      
su/a9s4 ,!n two beg9n+s & "o opposite he
 r$uces to "o beg9n+ & "o result1       
exclaim+3 ,b :at d ,i say ( ,love8 ,if  
?is pres5ce1 ?is object1 is 8 empire1 & 
appe>s none o!r ?an ! empire ( ,love1 ! 
rule ( ,love & its own rule2 !          
impression ( ,love :i* appe>s 9 !       
sub/ance ( my he>t1 is !n no o!r        
impression ?an its own1 & !re=e aft]    
hav+ said ,noble face1 replies          
,incon/ant ,love4,a  ,a ,vago amore4    
,second ,dialogue4  ,,tansillo4   ,n[   
beg9s ! en?usia/ to display ! affections
 & uncov] ! w\nds :i* are = a sign 9 8  
body1 & 9 sub/ance or ess5ce 9 8 s\l1 & 
he says ?us3  #i4      ,( ,love !       
/&>d-be>] ,i2     ,my hopes are ice1 &  
gl[+ my desires4     ,at once ,i        
tremble1 sp>kle1 freeze1 & burn2     ,am

 mute1 & fill ! air ) clamor\s pla9ts4  
,wat] my eyes di/il1 sp>ks f my he>t4   
,i live1 ,i die1 make m]ry & lam5t4     
,liv+ ! wat]s1 ! burn+ nev] dies1     ,=
 9 my eyes is ,!tys1 & ,vulcan 9 my     
he>t4     ,o!rs ,i love2 myself ,i hate4
     ,if ,i be w+$1 o!rs are *ang$ to   
/one2     ,!y high z heav51 if ,i be    
l[ly set4     ,i cease n to pursue1 !y  
ev] flee away2     ,if ,i d call1 yet   
none w answ] me4     ,! m ,i se>*1 ! m  
is hid f me4  ,9 accordance ) ?is1 ,i w 
cont9ue ) t :i* j be=e ,i said to !e1 t 
"o %\ld n /rive s h>d to prove t :i* is 
s v evid5t--namely1 t !re is no?+ pure &
 unalloy$2 & "s h said t no mix$ ?+ is a
 real entity1 z alloy$ gold is n real   
gold1 manufactur$ w9e is n real simple  
w9e4 ,almo/ all ?+s are made up (       
opposites1 :5ce x comes t ! success (   
our affections1 ?r\gh ! mixture t is 9  
?+s1 c af=d no pleasure )\t "s          
bitt]ness2 & m ?an ?is1 ,i w say1 t 7 x 
n = ! bitt]1 !re w\ld be no sweet2 see+ 
t x is ?r\gh fatigue t we f9d pleasure 9

 repose2 sep>ation is ! cause ( our     
pleasure 9 union2 &1 exam9+ g5]ally1 we 
%all ev] f9d t "o opposite is ! reason t
 ! o!r opposite pleases & is desir$4    
,,cic4 ,!n !re is no delight )\t !      
contr>y8  ,,tans4 ,c]ta9ly n2 z )\t !   
opposite !re is no pa92 z is %[n by t   
gold5 ,py?agorean poet :5 he says3      
,h9c metuunt cupiuntque1 dol5t          
gaud5tque1 nec     ,respiciunt1 claus   
t5ebris1 e c>c]e cco4  ,?is1 !n1 is :at 
! mixture ( ?+s causes1 & h5ce x is t no
 "o is pleas$ ) 8 own /ate1 except "s   
s5seless blockhead1 :o is s all ! m !   
deep] is ! degree ( obscure folly 9 :i* 
he is sunk2 !n he has little or no      
appreh5sion ( pa92 he enjoys ! actual   
pres5t )\t fe>+ ! future2 he enjoys t   
:i* is & t 9 :i* he f9ds himself1 & has 
nei!r c>e nor sorr[ = :at may be2 &1 9  
%ort1 has no s5se ( t opposition :i* is 
symboliz$ by ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil4
  ,,cic4 ,f ?is we see t ignorance is ! 
"m ( s5sual felicity & beatitude1 & ?is 
same is ! g>d5 ( p>adise ( ! animals2 z 

is made cle> 9 ! dialogues ( ! ,kabala (
 ! horse ,pegasus2 & z says ! wise      
,solomon1 ,:oso increases k increases   
sorr[4  ,,tans4 ,h5ce x appe>s t h]oic  
love is a torm5t1 because x does n enjoy
 ! pres5t1 z does animal love1 b is ( ! 
future & ! abs5t2 &1 on ! contr>y1 x    
feels ambition1 emulation1 suspicion &  
dread4 ,"o ev5+1 aft] supp]1 a c]ta9    
neighb\r ( ours said3 ,nev] 0 ,i m jolly
 ?an ,i am n[4 ,john ,bruno1 fa!r ( !   
,nolano1 answ]$ him3 ,nev] w]t ?\ m     
fooli% ?an n[4  ,,cic4 ,y w\ld imply1   
!n1 t he :o is sad is wise1 & t o!r :o  
is m sad is wis]8  ,,tans4 ,on !        
contr>y1 ,i mean t !re is 9 ^! ano!r    
species ( fooli%ness & a worse4  ,,cic4 
,:o1 !n1 is wise1 if fooli% is he :o is 
cont5t1 & fooli% he :o is sad8  ,,tans4 
,he :o is nei!r m]ry nor sad4  ,,cic4   
,:o8 ,he :o sleeps8 ,he :o is )\t       
feel+--:o is dead8  ,,tans4 ,no2 b he :o
 is quick1 bo? see+ & he>+1 & :o1       
consid]+ evil & good1 e/imat+ ! "o & !  
o!r z v>iable1 & consi/5t 9 motion1     

mutation1 & vicissitude1 9 su* wise t ! 
end ( "o opposite is ! comm5cem5t (     
ano!r1 & ! extreme ( ! "o is ! beg9n+ ( 
! o!r2 ^: _s is nei!r depress$ nor      
elat$1 b is mod]ate 9 incl9ations &     
temp]ate 9 desires2 to him pleasure is n
 pleasure1 hav+ ev] pres5t ! end ( x2   
equally1 pa9 to him is n pa91 because by
 ! =ce ( reason+ he has pres5t ! end ( t
 too4 ,s ! sage holds all mutable ?+s z 
?+s t are n1 & affirms t !y are no o!r  
?an vanity & no?+ness1 because "t has to
 et]nity ! proportion ( ! po9t to ! l9e4
  ,,cic4 ,s t we c nev] hold !          
proposition ( be+ cont5t$ or discont5t$1
 )\t hold+ ! proposition ( our own      
fooli%ness1 :i* we !reby confess2 !re=e 
no "o :o reasons1 & consequ5tly no "o :o
 p>ticipates1 c be wise2 9 %ort1 all m5 
are fools4  ,,tans4 ,i d n int5d to inf]
 t2 = ,i w hold ( highe/ wisdom him :o  
c\ld really say at "o "t ! opposite (   
:at he says at ano!r--nev] 0 ,i less gay
 ?an n[2 or1 nev] 0 ,i less sad ?an at  
pres5t4  ,,cic4 ,h[8 ,d y n make two    

contr>y qualities :]e !re are two       
opposite affections8 ,:y1 ,i say1 d y   
take z two virtues1 & n z "o vice & "o  
virtue1 ! be+ less gay & ! be+ less sad8
  ,,tans4 ,because bo? ! contr>ies 9    
excess--t is1 9 s f> z !y exce$--are    
vices1 because !y pass ! l9e2 & ! same1 
9 s f> z !y dim9i%1 come to be virtues1 
because !y are conta9$ )9 limits4       
,,cic4 ,h[8 ,! be+ less m]ry & ! be+    
less sad are n "o virtue & "o vice1 b   
are two virtues8  ,,tans4 ,on ! contr>y1
 ,i say !y are "o & ! same virtue2      
because ! vice is !re :]e ! opposite is2
 ! opposite is *iefly !re :]e ! extreme 
is2 ! greate/ opposite is ! ne>e/ to !  
extreme2 ! lea/ or no?+ is 9 ! middle1  
:]e ! opposites meet1 & are "o &        
id5tical2 z betwe5 ! colde/ & hotte/ & !
 hott] & cold]1 9 ! middle po9t is t :i*
 y may call hot & cold1 or nei!r hot nor
 cold1 )\t contradiction4 ,9 t way :oso 
is lea/ cont5t & lea/ joyful is 9 !     
degree ( indiff]5ce1 & f9ds himself 9 ! 
habitation ( temp]ance1 :]e ! virtue &  

condition ( a /rong s\l exi/1 :i* b5ds n
 to ! s\? w9d nor to ! nor?4 ,?is1 !n1  
to return to ! po9t1 is h[ ?is          
en?usia/ic h]o1 :o expla9s himself 9 !  
pres5t "p1 is diff]5t f ! o!r bas]      
ones--n z virtue f vice1 b z a vice :i* 
exi/s 9 a subject m div9e or div9ely1 f 
a vice :i* exi/s 9 a subject m savage or
 savagely2 s t ! diff]5ce is accord+ to 
! diff]5t subjects & modes1 & n accord+ 
to ! =m ( vice4  ,,cic4 ,i c v well     
conceive1 f :at y h said1 ! condition ( 
t h]oic en?usia/1 :o says1 ,my hopes are
 ice & my desires are gl[+1 because he  
is n 9 ! temp]ance ( m$iocrity1 b1 9 !  
excess ( contradictions1 8 s\l is       
discordant1 he %iv]s 9 8 froz5 hopes &  
burns 9 8 gl[+ desires2 9 8 eag]ness he 
is clamor\s1 & he is mute f fe>2 8 he>t 
burns 9 its affection = o!rs1 & =       
compassion ( himself he %$s te>s f 8    
eyes2 dy+ 9 ! laught] ( o!rs1 he is     
alive 9 8 own lam5tations2 & l him :o no
 long] belongs to himself1 he loves o!rs
 & hates himself2 because matt]1 z say !

 physici/s1 ) t measure ) :i* x loves ! 
abs5t =m1 hates ! pres5t "o4 ,& s 9 !   
octave f9i%es ! w> :i* ! s\l has )9     
itself2 & :5 he says 9 ! si/9a1 b if ,i 
be w+$1 o!rs *ange to /one & t :i*      
foll[s2 he %[s 8 passion = ! w>f>e :i*  
he wages ) ext]nal contradictions4 ,i   
rememb] hav+ read 9 ,jambli*us1 :]e he  
treats ( ! ,egyptian my/]ies1 ?is       
s5t5ce3 ,impius animam dissid5tem habet3
 unde nec secum ipse conv5ire pote/1    
neque cum aliis4  ,,tans4 ,n[ li/5 to   
ano!r sonnet1 z sequel to :at has be5   
said3  #aj4      ,by :at condition1     
nature1 or fell *ance1     ,9 liv+ dea?1
 dead life ,i live8     ,love has me    
dead1 alack6 & su* a dea?1     ,t dea? &
 life toge!r ,i mu/ lose4     ,devoid ( 
hope1 ,i rea* ! gates ( hell1     ,&    
lad5 ) desire arrive at heav53     ,?us 
am ,i subject to et]nal opposites1      
,&1 bani%$ bo? f heav5 & f hell1     ,no
 pause nor re/ my torm5ts "k1           
,because betwe5 two runn+ :eels ,i g1   
,( :i* "o "h1 ! o!r !re compels1     ,& 

l ,ixion ,i pursue & flee2     ,= to !  
d\ble disc\rse d ,i fit     ,! crosswise
 lesson ( ! spur & bit4  ,he %[s h[ mu* 
he suff]s f ?is dislocation & di/raction
 9 himself2 :ile ! affections1 leav+ !  
mean & middle way ( temp]ance1 t5d t[>ds
 ! "o & ! o!r extreme1 & s are waft$ on 
high or t[>ds ! "r1 & are also          
transport$ d[nw>ds to ! left4  ,,cic4   
,h[ is x t1 n be+ really ( "o or ! o!r  
extreme1 x does n come to be 9 !        
conditions or t]ms ( virtue8  ,,tans4 ,x
 is !n 9 a /ate ( virtue :5 x keeps to !
 middle1 decl9+ f "o to ! o!r opposite2 
b :5 x leads t[>ds ! extremes1 incl9+ to
 "o or ! o!r ( ^?1 x fails s entirely f 
be+ virtue1 t x is a d\ble vice1 :i*    
consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! ?+ rec$es f its      
nature1 ! p]fection ( :i* consi/s 9     
unity1 & !re :]e ! opposites meet1 its  
composition & virtue exi/4 ,?is1 !n1 is 
h[ he is dead alive1 or liv+ dy+2 :5ce  
he says1 ,9 a liv+ dea? a dead life ,i  
live4 ,he is n dead1 because he lives 9 
! object2 n alive1 because he is dead 9 

himself2 depriv$ ( dea?1 because he     
gives bir? to ?\ghts2 depriv$ ( life1   
because he does n gr[ or feel 9 himself4
 ,he is n[ mo/ deject$ ?r\gh m$itat+ on 
! high intellig5ce1 & ! p]ceiv$         
feebl5ess ( p[]2 & mo/ elat$ by !       
aspiration ( h]oic long+1 :i* passes f> 
beyond 8 limits1 & is mo/ exalt$ by !   
intellectual appetite2 :i* has n = its  
fa%ion or aim to add numb] to numb]1 is 
mo/ deject$ by ! viol5ce done to him by 
! s5sual opposite :i* drags him d[n     
t[>ds hell4 ,s t1 f9d+ himself ?us      
asc5d+ & desc5d+1 he feels )9 8 s\l !   
greate/ diss5sion t is possible to be   
felt1 & he rema9s 9 a /ate ( confusion  
?r\gh ?is rebellion ( ! s5ses1 :i* urge 
him ?i!r :]e reason re/ra9s1 & vice v]s4
 ,?is same is ?or\ghly demon/rat$ 9 !   
foll[+ s5t5ces1 :]e ! ,reason1 "u ! "n (
 ,fil5io asks1 & ! en?usia/ replies "u !
 "n ( ,%eph]d1 :o lab\rs 9 ! c>e ( !    
flocks & h]ds ( 8 ?\ghts1 :i* he n\ri%es
 9 ! submission to & s]vice ( 8 nymph1  
:i* is ! affection ( t object to :i* he 

is captive4  #aa4  ,,fil5io4 ,%eph]d6   
,,%eph]d4 ,:at wilt ?\8  ,f4 ,:at doe/  
?\8  ,s4 ,i suff]4  ,f4 ,:]e=e8  ,s4    
,because nei!r life has me = 8 own1 nor 
dea?4  ,f4 ,:o's to blame8  ,s4 ,love4  
,f4 ,t rascal8  ,s4 ,t rascal4  ,f4 ,:]e
 is he8  ,s4 ,he holds me tight 9 my    
he>t's core4  ,f4 ,:at does he8  ,s4    
,w\nds me4  ,f4 ,:o8  ,s4 ,me4  ,f4 ,!e8
  ,s4 ,yes4  ,f4 ,) :at8  ,s4 ,) ! eyes1
 ! gates ( heav5 & ( hell4  ,f4 ,do/    
hope8  ,s4 ,i hope4  ,f4 ,= pity8  ,s4  
,= pity4  ,f4 ,f :om8  ,s4 ,f him :o    
racks me night & day4  ,f4 ,has he any8 
,s4 ,i "k n4  ,f4 ,?\ art a fool4  ,s4  
,h[ if su* folly be pleas+ to my s\l8   
,f4 ,does he promise8  ,s4 ,no4  ,f4    
,does he d5y8  ,s4 ,n at all4  ,f4 ,is  
he sil5t8  ,s4 ,yes1 = s mu* purity     
7one/7 robs me ( my boldness4  ,f4 ,?\  
rave/4  ,s4 ,h[ s8  ,f4 ,9 va9 ef=ts4   
,s4 ,8 scorn m ?an my torm5ts d ,i fe>4 
,"h he says t he craves = love1 & he    
compla9s ( x1 yet n because he          
loves--see+ t to no true lov] c love be 

displeas+2 b because he loves unhappily1
 :il/ ^? beams :i* are ! rays ( ^?      
lights1 & :i* !mselves1 accord+ z !y are
 p]v]se & antagoni/ic1 or really k9d &  
graci\s1 become ! gates :i* lead t[>ds  
heav5 or t[>ds hell4 ,9 ?is way he is   
kept 9 hope ( future & unc]ta9 m]cy1 b  
actually 9 a /ate ( pres5t & c]ta9      
torm5t1 & al?\gh he sees 8 folly q      
cle>ly1 nev]!less he does n c>e to      
correct himself 9 x1 or ev5 to feel     
displeas$ ) x1 b r does he feel satisfi$
 ) x1 z he %[s :5 he says3      ,nev]   
let me ( ,love compla91     ,= ,love    
alone c ease my pa94  ,"h is %[n ano!r  
species ( en?usiasm born f ! light (    
reason1 :i* excites fe> & suppresses !  
a=esaid reason 9 ord] n to commit any   
action :i* might vex or irritate ! ?+   
lov$4 ,he says1 !n1 t hope re/s 9 !     
future1 )\t any?+ be+ promis$ or d5i$2  
!re=e1 he is sil5t & asks no?+1 = fe> ( 
(f5d+ purity 7l'one/ade74 ,he does n    
v5ture to expla9 himself & make a       
proposition1 le/ he be reject$ )        

repugnance or accept$ ) res]ve2 = he    
?9ks ! evil t !re might be 9 ! "o w\ld  
be ov]-balanc$ by ! good 9 ! o!r4 ,he   
%[s himself1 !n1 ready to suff] = ev] 8 
own torm5t1 r ?an to op5 ! door to an   
opportunity ?r\gh :i* ! ?+ lov$ might be
 p]turb$ & sadd5$4  ,,cic4 ,h]e9 he     
proves t 8 love is truly h]oic2 because 
he proposes to himself z ! *ief aim1 n  
corporeal beauty1 b r ! grace ( ! _s1 & 
! incl9ation ( ! affections 9 :i*1 r ?an
 9 ! beauty ( ! body1 t love t has 9 x !
 div9e1 is et]nal4  ,,tans4 ,?\ kn[e/ t1
 z ! ,platonic ideas are divid$ into    
?ree species1 ( :i* "o t5ds to !        
contemplative or speculative life1 "o to
 active morality1 & ! ?ird to ! idle &  
voluptu\s1 s are !re ?ree species (     
love1 ( :i* "o raises itself f !        
contemplation ( bodily =m to !          
consid]ation ( ! spiritual & div9e2 !   
o!r only cont9ues 9 ! delight ( see+ &  
conv]s+2 ! ?ird f see+ proce$s to       
precipitate into ! concupisc5ce ( t\*4  
,( ^! ?ree modes o!rs are compos$1      

accord+ z ! fir/ may be c\pl$ ) ! second
 or ! ?ird1 or z all ! ?ree modes may   
comb9e toge!r1 ( :i* "o & all may be    
divid$ into o!rs1 accord+ to !          
affections ( ! en?usia/1 z ^! t5d m     
t[>ds ! spiritual object1 or m t[>ds !  
corporeal1 or equally t[>ds ! "o & !    
o!r4 ,h5ce x comes1 t ( ^? :o f9d       
!mselves 9 ?is w>f>e1 & are entangl$ 9 !
 me%es ( love1 "s aim at enjoy+1 & !y   
are incit$ to pluck ! apple f ! tree (  
corporeal beauty1 )\t :i* acquisition1  
or at lea/ ! hope ( x1 !y hold va9 &    
wor?y only ( d]ision e amor\s c>e2 & 9  
su*-wise run all ^? :o are ( a b>b>\s   
nature1 :o nei!r d nor c seek to exalt  
!mselves by lov+ wor?y ?+s1 & aspir+ to 
illu/ri\s ?+s1 & high] /ill to ?+s      
div9e1 by suitable /udies & ex]cises1 to
 :i* no?+ c m ri*ly & easily supply !   
w+s ?an h]oic love2 o!rs put be=e       
!mselves ! fruit ( delight1 :i* !y take 
9 ! aspect ( ! beauty & grace ( ! _s1   
:i* glitt]s & %9es 9 ! beauty ( ! body1 
& c]ta9 ( ^!1 al?\gh !y love ! body &   

greatly desire to be unit$ to x1 bewail+
 its abs5ce & be+ afflict$ by sep>ation1
 at ! same "t fe>1 le/ presum+ 9 ?is !y 
may be depriv$ ( t affability1          
conv]sation1 fri5d%ip1 & sympa?y :i* are
 mo/ preci\s to !m2 because to attempt  
?is !re _c be m gu>antee ( success ?an  
!re is risk ( =feit+ t fav\r1 :i* appe>s
 be=e ! eyes ( ?\ght z a ?+ s glori\s & 
wor?y4  ,,cic4 ,x is a wor?y ?+1 oh     
,tansillo6 = its _m virtues &           
p]fections1 & x behoves human g5ius to  
seek1 accept1 n\ri%1 & pres]ve a love l 
t2 b "o %\ld take great c>e n to b[ d[n 
or become enslav$ to an object unwor?y &
 base1 le/ we become %>]s ( ! bas5ess & 
unwor?9ess ( ! same3 appositely !       
,f]r>ese poet says      ,:o sets 8 foot 
^u ! amor\s sn>e1     ,le/ he besme> 8  
w+s1 let him bew>e4  ,,tans4 ,to say !  
tru?1 t object1 :i* beyond ! beauty ( ! 
body has no o!r spl5d\r1 is n wor?y (   
be+ lov$ o!rwise ?an to make ! race2 & x
 seems to me ! "w ( a pig or a horse to 
torm5t "o's self ab\t x1 & z to myself1 

nev] 0 ,i m fasc9at$ by su* ?+s ?an ,i  
am n[ fasc9at$ by "s /atue or picture to
 :i* ,i am indiff]5t4 ,x w\ld !n be a   
great di%on\r to a g5]\s s\l1 if1 ( a   
f\l1 vile1 loose1 & ignoble nature1     
al?\gh hid "u an excell5t symbol1 x %\ld
 be said3 ,i fe> 8 scorn m ?an my       
torm5t4     ,?ird ,dialogue4            
,,tansillo4   ,!re are sev]al v>ieties (
 en?usia/s1 :i* may all be r$uc$ to two 
k9ds4 ,:ile "s only display bl9dness1   
/upidity1 & irrational impetuosity1 :i* 
t5d t[>ds savage madness1 o!rs by div9e 
ab/raction become 9 reality sup]ior to  
ord9>y m54 ,& ^! aga9 are ( two k9ds1 = 
"s hav+ become ! habitation ( gods or   
div9e spirits1 speak & p]=m wond]ful    
?+s1 )\t !mselves und]/&+ ! reason4 ,_m 
su* h be5 uncultur$ & ignorant p]sons1  
into :om1 be+ void ( _s & s5se ( _! own1
 z into an empty *amb]1 ! div9e _s &    
s5se intrude1 z x w\ld h less p[] to %[ 
itself 9 ^? :o are full ( _! own reason 
& s5se4 ,?is div9e _s (t5 desires t ! _w
 %\ld "k = c]ta91 t ^? d n speak f _!   

own k & exp]i5ce1 b speak & act ?r\gh "s
 sup]ior intellig5ce2 = su*1 ! mass ( m5
 v\*safe m admiration & fai?1 :ile o!rs1
 be+ skilful 9 contemplation & possess+ 
innately a cle> intellectual _s1 h an   
int]nal /imulus & natural f]v\r1 excit$ 
by ! love ( ! div9e1 ( ju/ice1 ( tru?1 (
 glory1 & by ! fire ( desire & ! brea? (
 int5tion1 %>p5 _! s5ses1 & 9 ! sulphur 
( ! cogitative faculty1 ^! k9dle !      
rational light1 ) :i* !y see m ?an      
ord9>ily2 & !y come 9 ! end to speak &  
act1 n z vessels & in/rum5ts1 b z *ief  
artific]s & exp]ts4  ,,cic4 ,( ^! two   
:i* do/ ?\ e/eem high]8  ,,tans4 ,! fir/
 h m dignity1 p[]1 & efficacy )9        
!mselves1 because !y h ! div9ity2 !     
second are !mselves wor?y1 pot5tial1 &  
efficaci\s1 & are div9e4 ,! fir/ are    
wor?y1 z is ! ass :i* c>ries !          
sacram5ts2 ! second are z a sacr$ ?+4 ,9
 ! fir/ is contemplat$ & se5 9 effect ! 
div9ity1 & t is beheld1 ador$1 & obey$2 
9 ! second is contemplat$ & se5 !       
excell5cy ( humanity itself4 ,b n[ to ! 

"q4 ,^! en?usiasms ( :i* we speak1 & :i*
 we see exemplifi$ 9 ^! s5t5ces1 are n  
oblivion1 b a memory2 !y are n neglect (
 "o's self1 b love & desire ( !         
beautiful & good1 by means ( :i* we are 
able to make ourselves p]fect1 by       
trans=m+ & assimilat+ ourselves to x4 ,x
 is n a precipitation1 "u ! laws ( a    
tyrann\s fate1 into ! noose ( animal    
affections1 b a rational impetus1 :i*   
foll[s ! intellectual appreh5sion ( !   
beautiful & ! good1 :i* kn[s :om x wi%es
 to obey & to please1 s t1 by its       
nobility & light1 x k9dles & inve/s     
itself ) qualities & conditions ?r\gh   
:i* x appe>s illu/ri\s & wor?y4 ,he 7!  
en?usia/7 becomes a god by intellectual 
contact ) ! div9e object1 & he has no   
?\ght = o!r ?an div9e ?+s1 & %[s himself
 ins5sible & impassive t[>ds ^? ?+s :i* 
are commonly felt1 & ab\t :i* o!rs are  
mo/ly torm5t$2 he fe>s no?+1 & = love ( 
! div9e he despises o!r pleasures &     
gives no ?\ght to ?is life4 ,x is n a   
fury ( black bile :i* s5ds him drift+   

outside ( judgm5t1 reason1 & acts (     
prud5ce1 & toss$ by ! discordant tempe/1
 l ^? :o1 hav+ violat$ c]ta9 laws ( !   
div9e ,adra/ia1 are condemn$ to be      
sc\rg$ by ! ,furies1 9 ord] t !y may be 
excit$ by a dissonance z corporeal ?r\gh
 s$itions1 de/ructions1 & plagues1 z x  
is spiritual1 ?r\gh ! =feiture ( h>mony 
betwe5 ! p]ceptive & enjoy+ p[]s2 b x is
 agl[ k9dl$ by ! intellectual sun 9 !   
s\l1 & a div9e impetus :i* l5ds x w+s1 )
 :i*1 draw+ ne>] & ne>] to !            
intellectual sun1 & ridd+ itself ( ! ru/
 ( human c>es1 x becomes a gold tri$ &  
pure1 has ! p]ception ( div9e & int]nal 
h>mony1 & its ?\ghts & acts accord ) !  
symmetry ( ! law1 innate 9 all ?+s4 ,n1 
z drunk f ! cups ( ,circe1 does he g    
da%+ & /umbl+1 n[ 9 ?is & !n 9 t dit*1  
n[ aga9/ ?is or t rock1 or l a %ift+    
,proteus1 *ang+ n[ to ?is1 n[ to ! o!r  
aspect1 nev] f9d+ place1 fa%ion1 or     
gr\nd to /ay & settle 92 b1 )\t spoil+ !
 h>mony1 conqu]s & ov]comes ! horrid    
mon/]s1 & h[ev] mu* he may sw]ve1 he    

easily returns to himself,b by means (  
^? inw>d in/9cts t1 l ! n9e ,muses1     
dance & s+ r\nd ! spl5d\rs ( ! univ]sal 
,apollo1 & "u tangible images & mat]ial 
?+s1 he comes to compreh5d div9e laws & 
c\nsels4 ,x is true t sometimes1 hav+   
love = 8 tru/y escort1 :o is d\ble1 &   
because sometimes ?r\gh occasional      
imp$im5ts he f9ds himself defraud$ ( 8  
/r5g?1 !n1 z "o insane & furi\s1 he     
squ&]s away ! love ( t :i* he _c        
compreh5d2 :5ce1 confus$ by ! obscurity 
( ! div9ity1 he sometimes ab&ons ! "w1 &
 !n aga9 returns1 to =ce himself ) 8 w  
?i!r1 :]e he _c arrive ) ! intellect4 ,x
 is true also t he commonly w&]s1 &     
transports himself1 n[ into "o1 n[ into 
ano!r =m ( ! d\ble ,eros2 !re=e1 !      
pr9cipal lesson t ,love gives to him is1
 t he contemplate ! div9e beauty 9 %ad[1
 :5 he _c d s 9 ! mirror1 &1 l ! suitors
 ( ,p5elope1 he ent]ta9 himself ) !     
maids :5 he is n p]mitt$ to conv]se ) ! 
mi/ress4 ,n[1 9 conclusion1 y c         
compreh5d1 f :at has be5 said1 :at is   

?is en?usia/ ^: picture is put =?1 :5 x 
is said3  #ab4      ,if t[>ds ! %9+     
light ! butt]fly1     ,w++ 8 way kn[s n 
! burn+ flame1     ,& if ! ?ir/y /ag1   
unm9dful ( ! d>t1     ,runs fa9t+ to !  
brook1     ,or unicorn1 unto ! *a/e     
brea/ runn+1     ,ignores ! sn>e t is = 
him prep>$1     ,i1 9 ! light1 ! f\nt1 !
 bosom ( my love     ,behold ! flames1 !
 arr[s1 & ! *a9s4     ,if x be sweet 9  
pla9tiv5ess to droop1     ,:y does t    
l(ty spl5d\r dazzle me8     ,:]e=e !    
sacr$ arr[ sweetly w\nd8     ,:y 9 ?is  
knot is my desire involv$8     ,& :y to 
me et]nal irksom5ess     ,flames to my  
he>t1 d>ts to my brea/ & sn>es unto my  
s\l8  ,b ,facilm5te ritorna al sesso4   
,"h he %[s 8 love n to be l t ( !       
butt]fly1 ( ! /ag1 & ( ! unicorn1 :o    
w\ld flee away if !y _h k ( ! fire1 ( ! 
arr[1 & ( ! sn>es1 & :o h no o!r s5se   
?an t ( pleasure2 b he is mov$ by a mo/ 
s5sible & only too evid5t passion1 :i*  
=ces him to love t fire m ?an any       
coolness2 m t w\nd ?an any :ol5ess2 m ^?

 fett]s ?an any lib]ty4 ,= ?is evil is n
 absolutely evil1 b1 ?r\gh comp>ison )  
good 7accord+ to op9ion71 x is          
deceptive1 l ! sauce t old ,saturn gets 
:5 he dev\rs 8 own sons2 = ?is evil     
absolutely 9 ! eye ( ! ,et]nal1 is      
compreh5d$ ei!r = good1 or = guide :i*  
conduces to x1 s9ce ?is fire is ! ard5t 
desire ( div9e ?+s1 ?is arr[ is !       
impression ( ! ray ( ! beauty ( sup]nal 
light1 ^! sn>es are ! species ( tru? :i*
 unite our m9d to ! primal v]ity1 & !   
species ( good :i* unite & jo9 to !     
primal & highe/ good4 ,to t mean+ ,i    
approa*$ :5 ,i said3  #ac4      ,) su* a
 fire & su* a noble noose1     ,beauty  
enk9dles me1 & pur5ess b9ds1     ,s t 9 
flames & s]vitude ,i take delight1      
,lib]ty takes flight & dreads ! ice4    
,su* is ! heat1 t ?\gh ,i burn yet am ,i
 n de/roy$1     ,! tie is su*1 ! _w ) me
 gives praise4     ,fe> _c freeze1 nor  
pa9 un%ackle me2     ,= soo?+ is !      
ard\r1 sweet ! sm>t4     ,s high ! light
 t burns me ,i disc]n1     ,& ( s ri* a 

?read ! noose contriv$     ,t1 ?\ght be+
 born1 ! long+ dies4     ,& s9ce1 )9 my 
he>t %9es su* pure flames1     ,& s     
supreme a tie compels my w1     ,let my 
%ade s]ve1 & let my a%es burn4  ,all !  
loves1 if !y be h]oic & n purely animal1
 or :at is call$ natural1 & slaves to   
g5]ation1 z in/rum5ts ( nature 9 a c]ta9
 way1 h = object ! div9ity1 t5d t[>ds   
div9e beauty1 :i* fir/ is communicat$ to
 s\ls & %9es 9 !m1 & f !m1 or r ?r\gh   
!m1 x is communicat$ to bodies2 :5ce x  
is t well-ord]$ affection loves ! body  
or corporeal beauty1 insomu* z x is an  
indication ( beauty ( _s4 ,?us t :i*    
causes ! attraction ( love to ! body is 
a c]ta9 spirituality :i* we see 9 x1 &  
:i* is call$ beauty1 & :i* does n consi/
 9 major or m9or dim5sions1 nor 9       
det]m9$ col\rs or =ms1 b 9 h>mony &     
consonance ( memb]s & col\rs4 ,?is %[s  
an aff9ity betwe5 ! _s & ! mo/ acute &  
p5etrative s5ses2 :5ce x foll[s t su*   
become m easily & int5sely enam\r$1 &   
also m easily & int5sely disgu/$1 :i*   

might be ?r\gh a *ange ( ! de=m$ _s1 :i*
 9 "s ge/ure & express$ int5tion reveals
 itself 9 su* wise t ?is de=mity ext5ds 
f ! s\l to ! body1 & makes x appe> no   
long] beautiful z be=e4 ,! beauty1 !n1 (
 ! body has p[] to k9dle1 b n to b9d1 & 
! lov]1 unless aid$ by ! graces ( ! _s1 
su* z purity1 gratitude1 c\rtesy1       
circumspection1 is unable to escape4    
,!re=e1 said ,i1 beautiful is t fire :i*
 burns me1 & noble t tie :i* b9ds4      
,,cic4 ,i d n believe x is always l t1  
,tansillo2 because1 sometimes1 not)/&+ t
 we discov] ! _s to be vici\s1 we rema9 
heat$ & entangl$2 s t1 al?\gh reason    
p]ceives ! evil & unwor?9ess ( su* a    
love1 x yet has n p[] to ali5ate !      
disord]$ appetite4 ,9 ?is disposition1  
,i believe1 0 ! ,nolano :5 he said3     
#ad4      ,woe's me6 my fury =ces me    
,to union ) ! bad )91     ,& makes x    
seem a love supreme & good4     ,we>i$1 
my s\l c>es n\ght     ,t ,i oppos+      
c\nsels ent]ta91     ,& ) ! savage      
tyrant     ,n\ri%$ ) want1     ,& made  

to put myself 9 exile1     ,m ?an )     
lib]ty cont5t$ am4     ,i spread my     
sails to ! w9d1     ,to draw me =? f ?is
 dete/$ bliss1     ,& to reclaim me f ! 
cloy+ hurt4  ,,tans4 ,?is occurs :5     
spirits are vici\s & t+$ z ) ! same hue2
 s9ce1 ?r\gh con=mity1 love is excit$1  
enk9dl$1 & confirm$4 ,?us ! vici\s      
easily concur 9 acts ( ! same vice2 & ,i
 w n refra9 f repeat+ t :i* ,i "k by    
exp]i5ce1 = al?\gh ,i may h discov]$ 9 a
 s\l vices v mu* abom9at$ by me--z1 =   
in/ance1 fil?y av>ice1 base gre$9ess =  
money1 +ratitude = fav\rs & c\rtesies   
receiv$1 or a love ( q vile p]sons1 (   
:i* ?is la/ mo/ displeases1 because x   
takes away ! hope f ! lov]1 t by becom+ 
or mak+ himself m wor?y he may become m 
acceptable--9 spite ( all ?is1 x is true
 t ,i did burn = corporeal beauty4 ,b   
h[8 ,i lov$ aga9/ my w2 =1 7 x n s1 ,i  
%\ld h be5 m sadd5$ ?an *e]$ by tr\bles 
& mis=tunes4  ,,cic4 ,x is a v prop] &  
nice di/9ction t is made betwe5 lov+ &  
lik+4  ,,tans4 ,truly2 because we l     

_m--t is1 we desire t !y be wise & j2 b 
we love !m n because !y are unju/ &     
ignorant2 _m we love because !y are     
beautiful1 b we d n l !m1 because !y d n
 des]ve x2 & among/ o!r ?+s ( :i* ! lov]
 deems ! lov$ "o undes]v+1 ! fir/ is1   
be+ lov$2 & yet1 al?\gh he _c ab/a9 f   
lov+1 nev]!less he regrets x1 & %[s 8   
regret l him :o said1 ,woe is me6 :o am 
compell$ by passion to coalesce ) evil4 
,9 ! opposite mood 0 he1 ei!r ?r\gh "s  
corporeal object 9 similitude or ?r\gh a
 div9e subject 9 reality1 :5 he said3   
#ae4      ,al?\gh to _m pa9s ?\ do/     
subject me1     ,yet d ,i ?ank !e1 love1
 & owe !e mu*1     ,t ?\ my brea/ do/   
cleave ) noble w\nd1     ,& !n do/ take 
my he>t & ma/] x4     ,?us true x is1 t 
,i1 on e>?1 adore     ,a liv+ object1   
image mo/ beautiful ( ,god4     ,let him
 :o w ?9k t my fate is bad     ,t kills 
9 hope & quick5s 9 desire4     ,my      
pa/ure is ! high emprise1     ,& ?\gh ! 
end desir$ be n atta9$1     ,& ?\gh my  
s\l 9 _m ?\ghts is sp5t1     ,en\gh t %e

 enk9dle noble fire1     ,en\gh t %e has
 lift$ me on high1     ,& f ! ignoble   
cr[d has sev]$ me4  ,"h 8 love is       
entirely h]oic & div9e1 & z su*1 ,i wi% 
x to be und]/ood2 al?\gh he says t ?r\gh
 x he is subject to _m pangs1 e lov] :o 
is sep>at$ f ! ?+ lov$ 7to :i* be+ jo9$ 
by affection he w\ld also wi% to be     
actually71 be+ 9 angui% & pa91 he       
torm5ts himself1 n =soo? because he     
loves1 s9ce he feels 8 love is engag$   
mo/ wor?ily & mo/ nobly1 b because he   
feels depriv$ ( t fruition :i* he w\ld  
obta9 if he arriv$ at t end to :i* he   
t5ds4 ,he suff]s1 n f ! desire :i*      
animates him1 b f ! difficulty 9 !      
cultivation ( x :i* s tortures him4     
,o!rs e/eem him unhappy ?r\gh ?is       
appe>ance ( an evil de/9y1 z be+        
condemn$ to ^! pangs1 = he w nev] cease 
f ackn[l$g+ ! obligation he is "u to    
love1 nor cease f r5d]+ ?anks to him    
because he has pres5t$ be=e ! eyes ( 8  
m9d su* an intelligible conception ?r\gh
 :i*1 9 ?is e>?ly life1 %ut 9 ?is prison

 ( ! fle%1 wrapp$ 9 ^! n]ves & support$ 
by ^! bones1 x is p]mitt$ to him to     
contemplate ! div9ity 9 a m suitable    
mann] ?an if o!r conceptions &          
similitudes ?an ^! _h (f]$ !mselves4    
,,cic4 ,! div9e & liv+ object1 !n1 ( :i*
 he speaks1 is ! highe/ intelligible    
conception t he has be5 able to =m to   
himself ( ! div9ity1 & is n "s corporeal
 beauty :i* might ov]%ad[ 8 ?\ght &     
appe> sup]ficially to ! s5ses4  ,,tans4 
,ev5 s2 because no tangible ?+ nor      
conception ( su* c raise itself to s mu*
 dignity4  ,,cic4 ,:y1 !n1 does he      
m5tion t conception z ! object1 if1 z   
appe>s to me1 ! true object is ! div9ity
 itself8  ,,tans4 ,! div9ity is ! f9al  
object1 ! ultimate & mo/ p]fect1 b n 9  
?is /ate1 :]e we _c see ,god except z 9 
a %ad[ or a mirror1 & !re=e ,he _c be ! 
object except 9 "s similitude1 b n 9 su*
 z may be extract$ or acquir$ f         
corporeal beauty & excell5ce1 by virtue 
( ! s5ses1 b su* z may be =m$ 9 ! m9d1  
by virtue ( ! intellect4 ,9 :i* /ate1   

f9d+ himself1 he comes to lose ! love & 
affection = e o!r ?+ s5seful z well z   
intellectual1 because ?is1 conjo9$ to t 
light1 itself also becomes light1 & 9   
consequ5ce becomes a god3 because x     
contracts ! div9ity into itself1 x be+ 9
 ,god ?r\gh ! int5tion ) :i* x p5etrates
 into ! div9ity s f> z x c1 & ,god be+ 9
 x1 s t aft] p5etrat+1 x comes to       
conceive1 & s f> z x c1 receive &       
compreh5d ! div9ity 9 its conception4   
,n[ 9 su* conceptions & similitudes !   
human intellect ( ?is l[] _w n\ri%es    
itself1 till su* "t z x w be lawful to  
behold ) pur] eye ! beauty ( ! div9ity4 
,z happ5s to him1 :o1 absorb$ 9 !       
contemplation ( "s elaborate            
ar*itectural "w1 goes on exam9+ "o ?+   
aft] ano!r 9 x1 en*ant$ & fe$+ 9 a wond]
 ( delight2 b if x %\ld happ5 t he sees 
! "l ( all ^? pictures1 :o is ( a beauty
 incomp>ably great]1 leav+ all c>e &    
?\ght ( !m1 he is turn$ int5tly to !    
exam9ation ( him4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! diff]5ce
 betwe5 t /ate :]e we see div9e beauty 9

 intelligible conceptions ap>t f !      
effects1 lab\rs1 works1 %ad[s1 &        
similitudes ( x1 & t o!r /ate 9 :i* x is
 lawful to behold x 9 real pres5ce4 ,he 
says3 ,my pa/ure is ! high emprise1     
because z ! ,py?agoreans rem>k1 ,! s\l  
moves & turns r\nd ,god1 z ! body r\nd !
 s\l4  ,,cic4 ,!n ! body is n !         
habitation ( ! s\l8  ,,tans4 ,no2       
because ! s\l is n 9 ! body locally1 b z
 intr9sic =m & extr9sic fram]1 z t :i*  
=ms ! limbs indicates ! int]nal &       
ext]nal composition4 ,! body1 !n1 is 9 !
 s\l1 ! s\l 9 ! m9d1 ! m9d ei!r is ,god 
or is 9 ,god1 z ,plot9us said4 ,z 9 its 
ess5ce x is 9 ,god :o is its life1      
simil>ly ?r\gh ! intellectual op]ation1 
& ! w consequ5t ^u su* op]ation1 x      
agrees ) its bright & beatific object4  
,fitly1 !re=e1 ?is rapture ( h]oic      
en?usiasm fe$s on su* high emprise4 ,= !
 object is inf9ite1 & 9 action mo/      
simple1 & our intellectual p[] _c       
appreh5d ! inf9ite except 9 spee* or 9 a
 c]ta9 mann] ( spee*1 s to say 9 a c]ta9

 pot5tial or relative inf]5ce1 z "o :o  
proposes to himself ! inf9ity1 s t he   
may con/itute = himself a f9ality :]e no
 f9ality is4  ,,cic4 ,fitly s1 because !
 ultimate ought n to h an end see+ t x  
is ultimate4 ,= x is inf9ite 9 int5tion1
 9 p]fection1 9 ess5ce1 & 9 any o!r     
mann] :atsoev] ( be+ f9al4  ,,tans4 ,?\ 
saye/ truly4 ,n[ 9 ?is life1 t food is  
su* t excites m ?an x c appease1 z t    
div9e poet %[s :5 he says3 ,my s\l is   
we>i$1 long+ = ! liv+ ,god1 & 9 ano!r   
place2 ,att5uati sunt oculi mei         
suspici5tes 9 excelsa4 ,!re=e he says1  
,& ?\gh ! end desir$ be n atta9$1 ,& t  
my s\l 9 _m ?\ghts is sp5t1 ,en\gh t %e 
enk9dle noble fire3 mean+ to say t ! s\l
 com=ts itself1 & receives all ! glory  
:i* x is able 9 t /ate to receive1 & t x
 is a p>ticipator 9 t ultimate en?usiasm
 ( man1 9 s f> z he is a man 9 ?is      
pres5t condition1 z we see him4  ,,cic4 
,x appe>s to me t ! ,p]ipatetics1 z     
expla9$ by ,av]roes1 mean ?is1 :5 !y say
 t ! highe/ felicity ( man consi/s 9    

p]fection ?r\gh ! speculative sci5ces4  
,,tans4 ,x is true1 & !y say well2      
because we1 9 ?is /ate1 _c desire nor   
obta9 great] p]fection ?an t 9 :i* we   
are1 :5 our intellect1 by means ( "s    
noble & intelligible conception1 unites 
itself ei!r to ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 
z ^? say1 or to ! div9e m9d1 z x is !   
fa%ion to say ( ! ,platoni/s4 ,= !      
pres5t1 ,i w leave reason+ ab\t ! s\l1  
or man 9 ano!r /ate or mode ( be+ ?an he
 c f9d himself or believe himself to be 
94  ,,cic4 ,b :at p]fection or          
satisfaction c man f9d 9 t k :i* is n   
p]fect8  ,,tans4 ,x w nev] be p]fect1 s 
f> z und]/&+ ! highe/ object is conc]n$2
 b 9 s f> z our intellect c und]/& x4   
,let x suffice t 9 ?is & o!r /ates !re  
be pres5t to him ! div9e beauty s f> z !
 horizon ( 8 vision ext5ds4  ,,cic4 ,b  
all m5 _c arrive at t1 :i* "o or two may
 rea*4  ,,tans4 ,let x suffice t all run
 well1 & t ea* does 8 utmo/1 = ! h]oic  
nature is cont5t & %[s its dignity r 9  
fall+1 or 9 fail+ wor?ily 9 ! high      

und]tak+1 9 :i* x %[s ! dignity ( its   
_s1 ?an 9 succe$+ to p]fection 9 l[] &  
less noble ?+s4  ,,cic4 ,truly a        
dignifi$ & h]oic dea? is bett] ?an a    
mean1 l[ triumph4  ,,tans4 ,on t !me ,i 
made ?is sonnet3  #af4      ,s9ce ,i h  
spread my w+s to my desire1     ,! m ,i 
feel ! air b5ea? my feet1     ,s mu* ! m
 t[>ds ! w9d ,i b5d     ,my swifte/     
p9ions1     ,& spurn ! _w & up t[>ds    
heav5 ,i g4     ,n ! sad fate (         
,da$alus's son     ,does w>n me to turn 
d[nw>ds1     ,b ev] high] w ,i rise4    
,well d ,i see1 ,i %all fall dead to    
e>?2     ,b :at life is !re c comp>e )  
?is my dea?8     ,out on ! air my he>t's
 voice d ,i he>3     ,:i!r do/ ?\ c>ry  
me1 ?\ fe>less "o8     ,turn back4 ,su* 
ov]-boldness r>ely grief escapes4       
,fe> n ! utmo/ ru9 !n1 ,i said1         
,cleave confid5t ! cl\ds & die cont5t1  
,t heav5 has de/9$ !e to su* illu/ri\s  
dea?4  ,,cic4 ,i und]/& :5 y say3 ,en\gh
 t ?\ ha/ lift$ me on high2 b n3 ,& f ! 
ignoble cr[d ha/ sev]$ me2 unless x     

means 8 hav+ come out f ! ,platonic     
groove on acc\nt ( ! /upid & l[         
condition ( ! cr[d2 = ^? t f9d pr(it 9  
?is contemplation _c be num]\s4  ,,tans4
 ,?\ und]/&e/ well2 b ?\ may/ also      
und]/&1 by ! ignoble cr[d1 ! body1 &    
s5sual cognition1 f :i* he mu/ arise &  
free himself :o w\ld unite ) a nature ( 
a contr>y k9d4  ,,cic4 ,! ,platoni/s say
 !re are two k9ds ( knots :i* l9k ! s\l 
to ! body4 ,"o is a c]ta9 vivify+ action
 :i* f ! s\l desc5ds into ! body1 l a   
ray2 ! o!r is a c]ta9 vital quality1 :i*
 is produc$ f t action 9 ! body4 ,n[ ?is
 active & mo/ noble numb]1 :i* is ! s\l1
 9 :at way d y und]/& t x may be sev]$ f
 ! ignoble numb]1 :i* is ! body8        
,,tans4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 n und]/ood accord+ 
to any ( ^! modes1 b accord+ to t mode  
:]eby ^? p[]s :i* are n compreh5d$ &    
imprison$ 9 ! womb ( matt]1 sometimes z 
if inebriat$ & /upefi$1 f9d t !y also   
are occupi$ 9 ! =mation ( matt] & 9 !   
vivification ( ! body2 !n1 z if awak5$ &
 br\ght to !mselves1 recogniz+ its      

pr9ciple & g5ius1 !y turn t[>ds sup]ior 
?+s & =ce !mselves on ! intelligible _w 
z to _! native abode1 & f !nce1 ?r\gh _!
 conv]sion to inf]ior ?+s1 !y are ?ru/  
into ! fate & conditions ( g5]ation4 ,^!
 two impulses are symboliz$ 9 ! two k9ds
 ( metamorphosis express$ 9 ! foll[+3   
#ag4      ,t god :o %akes ! s\nd+ ?und]1
     ,a/]ia z a furtive eagle saw2      
,mnemosyne z %eph]d2 ,danae gold2       
,alcm5e z a fi%2 ,antiope a goat2       
,cadmus & 8 si/] a :ite bull2     ,l$a z
 swan1 & ,dolida z dragon2     ,& ?r\gh 
! l(ty object ,i become1     ,f subject 
vil] /ill1 a god4     ,a horse 0        
,saturn2     ,& 9 a calf & dolph9       
,neptune dwelt2     ,ibis & %eph]d      
,m]cury became2     ,bac*us a grape2    
,apollo 0 a cr[2     ,& ,i by help (    
love1     ,f an inf]ior ?+1 d *ange me  
to a god4  ,9 ,nature is "o revolution &
 "o circle1 by means ( :i*1 = !         
p]fection & help ( o!rs1 sup]ior ?+s l[]
 !mselves to ?+s inf]ior1 &1 by _! own  
excell5ce & felicity1 inf]ior ?+s raise 

!mselves to sup]ior ones4 ,!re=e !      
,py?agoreans & ,platoni/s say x is giv5 
to ! s\l t at c]ta9 times1 n only by    
spontane\s w1 :i* turns x t[>ds !       
compreh5sion ( ,nature1 b also by !     
necessity ( an int]nal law1 writt5 &    
regi/]$ by ! de/9$ decree1 !y seek _!   
own ju/ly det]m9$ fate2 & !y also say t 
s\ls1 n s mu* by det]m9ation ( _! own w 
z ?r\gh a c]ta9 ord]1 by :i* !y become  
incl9$ t[>ds matt]1 decl9e z rebels f   
div9ity2 :]e=e1 n by free int5tion1 b by
 a c]ta9 occult consequ5ce1 !y fall4 ,& 
?is is ! incl9ation t !y h to g5]ation1 
z t[>ds a m9or good4 ,m9or1 ,i say1 9 s 
f> z x app]ta9s to t p>ticul> nature2 n 
9 s f> z x app]ta9s to ! univ]sal       
nature1 :]e no?+ happ5s )\t ! highe/    
aim1 & :i* disposes ( all ?+s accord+ to
 ju/ice4 ,9 :i* g5]ation f9d+ !mselves  
once m ?r\gh ! *anges :i* p]mutably     
succe$1 !y return aga9 to ! sup]ior =ms4
  ,,cic4 ,s t !y mean1 t s\ls are       
impell$ by ! necessity ( fate1 & h no   
prop] c\nsel :i* guides !m at all4      

,,tans4 ,necessity1 fate1 nature1       
c\nsel1 w1 ^? ?+s1 ju/ly & rightfully   
orda9$1 all agree 9 "o4 ,besides :i*1 z 
,plot9us relates1 "s believe t c]ta9    
s\ls c escape f _! own evil1 if kn[+ !  
dang]1 !y seek refuge 9 ! m9d be=e !    
corporeal habit is confirm$2 because !  
m9d raises to ?+s sublime1 z !          
imag9ation l[]s to inf]ior ?+s4 ,! m9d  
always und]/&s "o1 z ! imag9ation is "o 
9 movem5t & 9 div]sity2 ! m9d always    
und]/&s "o1 z ! imag9ation is always    
inv5t+ = itself v>i\s images4 ,9 ! mid/ 
is ! rational faculty1 :i* is a mixture 
( all1 l t 9 :i* ! "o agrees ) ! _m1    
sam5ess ) v>iety1 movem5t ) fix$ness1 ! 
inf]ior ) ! sup]ior4 ,n[ ^!             
transmutations & conv]sions are         
symboliz$ 9 ! :eel ( metamorphosis1 :]e 
man sits on ! upp] "p1 a bea/ lies at ! 
bottom1 a half-man1 half-bea/ desc5ds f 
! left1 & a half-bea/1 half-man asc5ds f
 ! "r4 ,?is transmutation is %[n :]e    
,jove1 accord+ to ! div]sity ( !        
affections & ! behavi\r ( ^? t[>ds      

inf]ior ?+s1 inve/s himself ) div]s     
figures1 ent]+ into ! =m ( bea/s2 & s   
also ! o!r gods transmigrate into base &
 ali5 =ms4 ,&1 on ! contr>y1 ?r\gh ! k (
 _! own nobility1 !y re-take _! own     
div9e =m2 z ! passionate h]o1 rais+     
himself ?r\gh conceiv$ k9ds ( div9e     
beauty & goodness1 ) ! w+s ( ! intellect
 & rational w1 rises to ! div9ity1 leav+
 ! =m ( ! l[] subject4 ,& !re=e he said1
 ,i become f subject vil] /ill1 a god4  
,f an inf]ior ?+ d *ange me to a god4   
,f\r? ,dialogue4  ,,tansillo4   ,?us is 
describ$ ! disc\rse ( h]oic love1 9 all 
:i* t5ds to its own object1 :i* is !    
highe/ good2 & h]oic intellect1 :i*     
devotes itself to ! /udy ( its own      
object1 :i* is ! primal v]ity1 or       
absolute tru?4 ,n[ ! fir/ disc\rse holds
 ! sum ( ?is & ! int5tion1 ! ord] ( :i* 
is describ$ 9 five o!rs foll[+3  #ah4   
,to ! woods1 ! ma/iffs & ! greyh\nds "y 
,acton leads1     ,:5 de/9y directs him 
into ! d\btful & neglect$ way1     ,^u !
 track ( savage bea/s 9 =e/s wild4      

,& "h1 betwe5 ! wat]s1 he sees a bu/ &  
face m beautiful           ?an e'er 0   
se5     ,by mortal or div9e1 ( sc>let1  
alaba/]1 & f9e gold2     ,he sees1 & !  
great hunt] /raight becomes t :i* he    
hunts4     ,! /ag1 t t[>ds /ill ?ick]   
%ades n[ goes ) light]           /eps1  
,8 own great dogs swiftly dev\r4     ,s 
,i ext5d my ?\ghts to high] prey1 & ^!  
,n[ turn+ on me give me dea? ) cruel    
savage bite4  ,acton signifies !        
intellect1 int5t on ! pursuit ( div9e   
wisdom & ! compreh5sion ( div9e beauty4 
,he lets loose ! ma/iffs & ! greyh\nds1 
( :om ! latt] are m swift & ! =m] m     
/rong1 because ! op]ation ( ! intellect 
prec$es t ( ! w2 b ?is is m vigor\s &   
effectual ?an t2 see+ t1 to ! human     
intellect1 div9e goodness & beauty are m
 loveable ?an compreh5sible1 & love x is
 t moves & urges ! intellect1 & prec$es 
x z a lant]n4 ,! woods1 uncultivat$ &   
solit>y places1 visit$ & p5etrat$ by    
few1 & :]e !re are few traces ( m54 ,!  
y\? ( little skill & practice1 z ( "o ( 

%ort life & ( wav]+ en?usiasm4 ,9 !     
d\btful road ( unc]ta9 & di/ort$        
reason--a disposition assign$ to ! "* ( 
,py?agoras--:]e y see ! mo/ ?orny1      
uncultivat$1 & des]t$ to be ! "r &      
difficult pa?1 :]e he lets loose !      
greyh\nds & ! ma/iffs ^u ! track (      
savage bea/s1 t is1 ! intelligible k9ds 
( ideal conceptions1 :i* are occult1    
foll[$ by few1 visit$ b r>ely1 & :i* d n
 disclose !mselves to all ^? :o seek !m4
 ,"h1 among/ ! wat]s1--t is1 9 ! mirror 
( similitude1 9 ^? works :]e %9es !     
brightness ( div9e goodness & spl5d\r1  
:i* works are symboliz$ by ! wat]s      
sup]ior & inf]ior1 :i* are above & bel[ 
! firmam5t1 he sees ! mo/ beautiful bu/ 
& face--t is1 ext]nal p[] & op]ation1   
:i* x is possible to see1 by ! habit &  
act ( contemplation & ! application (   
mortal or div9e m9d1 ( man or any god4  
,,cic4 ,i d n believe t he makes a      
comp>ison1 nor puts z ! same k9d ! div9e
 & ! human mode ( compreh5d+1 :i* are v 
div]se1 b z to ! subject !y are ! same4 

,,tans4 ,s x is4 ,he says ( r$ & alaba/]
 & gold1 because t :i* 9 bodily beauty  
is r$1 :ite1 & fair1 9 div9ity signifies
 ! sc>let ( div9e vigor\s p[]1 ! gold ( 
div9e wisdom1 ! alaba/] ( div9e beauty1 
?r\gh ! contemplation ( :i* !           
,py?agoreans1 ,*aldeans1 ,platoni/s1 &  
o!rs1 /rive 9 ! be/ way t !y c to       
elevate !mselves4 ,! great hunt] saw1 he
 und]/ood z mu* z 0 possible1 & became !
 hunt$4 ,he w5t out = prey1 & ?is hunt] 
became himself ! prey1 by ! op]ation ( !
 intellect conv]t+ ! ?+s le>n$ into     
itself4  ,,cic4 ,i und]/&4 ,he =ms      
intelligible conceptions 9 8 own way &  
proportions !m to 8 capacity1 s t !y are
 receiv$ accord+ to ! mann] ( !         
recipi5t4  ,,tans4 ,& does he hunt ?r\gh
 ! op]ation ( ! w1 by ! act ( :i* he    
conv]ts himself into ! object8  ,,cic4  
,z ,i und]/&3 because love trans=ms &   
conv]ts into ! ?+ lov$4  ,,tans4 ,well  
do/ ?\ "k t ! intellect le>ns ?+s       
intelligibly--i4e41 9 its own way1 & ! w
 pursues ?+s naturally1 t is1 accord+ to

 ! reason t is 9 !mselves4 ,s ,acton )  
^? ?\ghts--^? dogs--:i* hunt$ outside   
!mselves = goodness1 wisdom1 & beauty1  
?us came into ! pres5ce ( ! same1 &     
ravi%$ out ( himself by s mu* spl5d\r1  
he became ! prey1 saw himself conv]t$   
into t = :i* he 0 seek+1 & p]ceiv$1 t ( 
8 dogs or ?\ghts1 he himself came to be 
! long$-= prey2 = hav+ absorb$ ! div9ity
 into himself x 0 n necess>y to se>*    
outside himself = x4  ,,cic4 ,= ?is     
reason x is said ! k+dom ( ,heav5 is 9  
u2 div9ity dwells )9 ?r\gh ! re=m$      
intellect & w4  ,,tans4 ,x is s4 ,see   
!n1 ,acton hunt$ by 8 own dogs--pursu$  
by 8 own ?\ghts--runs & directs ^! novel
 paces1 invigorat$ s z to proce$ div9ely
 & m easily1 t is1 ) great] facility & )
 refre%$ vig\r t[>ds ! d5s] places1 to !
 des]ts & ! region ( ?+s                
incompreh5sible4 ,f be+ su* z he fir/ 01
 a common ord9>y man1 he becomes r>e &  
h]oic1 8 habits & ideas are /range1 & he
 leads an unusual life4 ,"h 8 great dogs
 give him dea?1 & ?us ends 8 life       

accord+ to ! mad1 s5sual1 bl9d1 &       
fanta/ic _w1 & he beg9s to live         
intellectually2 he lives ! life ( !     
gods1 f$ on ambrosia & drunk ) nect>4   
,next we see "u ! =m ( ano!r similitude 
! mann] 9 :i* he arms himself to obta9 !
 object4 ,he says3  #ai4      ,my       
solit>y bird6 away unto t region        
,:i* ov]%ad[s & :i* occupies my ?\ght1  
,g swiftly1 & !re ne/le2 !re e     ,ne$ 
( ?9e be /r5g!n$1     ,!re all ?y       
indu/ry & art be sp5t6     ,!re be ?\   
born aga91 & !re on high1     ,ga!r &   
tra9 up ?y w&]+ fl$gl+s     ,s9ce adv]se
 fate has drawn away ! b>s     ,) :i* %e
 ev] s\ght to block ?y way4     ,g6 ,i  
desire = !e a nobl] dwell+-place1     ,&
 ?\ %alt h = guide a god1     ,:o is    
call$ bl9d by him :o no?+ sees4     ,g6 
& ev] be by !e rev]$1     ,ea* deity ( t
 wide sph]e1     ,& come n back to me   
till ?\ art m9e4  ,! progress symboliz$ 
above by ! hunt] :o excites 8 dogs1 is  
"h illu/rat$ by a w+$ he>t1 :i* is s5t  
out ( ! cage1 9 :i* x liv$ idle & quiet1

 to make its ne/ on high & br+ up its   
fl$gl+s1 its ?\ghts1 ! "t be+ come 9 :i*
 ^? imp$im5ts are remov$1 :i* 7 caus$1  
ext]nally1 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways1 &     
int]nally by natural feebl5ess4 ,he     
dismisses 8 he>t !n to make m magnific5t
 surr\nd+s1 urg+ him to ! highe/        
propositions & int5tions1 n[ t ^? p[]s (
 ! s\l are m fully fl$g$1 :i* ,plato    
signifies by ! two w+s1 & he commits him
 to ! guidance ( t god1 :o1 by ! unsee+ 
cr[d1 is consid]$ insane & bl9d1 t is   
,love1 :o1 by ! m]cy & fav\r ( heav51   
has p[] to trans=m him into t nature    
t[>ds :i* he aspires1 or into t /ate f  
:i*1 a pilgrim1 he is bani%$4 ,:5ce he  
says1 ,come n back to me till ?\ art    
m9e1 & n unwor?ily may ,i say ) t o!r-- 
,?\ has left me1 oh1 my he>t1     ,& ?\1
 light ( my eyes1 art no m ) me4  ,"h he
 describes ! dea? ( ! s\l1 :i* by !     
,kabbali/s is call$ ! dea? by kisses1   
symboliz$ 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 :]e !   
fri5d says3      ,let him kiss me ) !   
kisses ( 8 m\?1     ,=1 :5 he w\nds me1 

,i suff] ) a cruel love4  ,by o!rs x is 
call$ sleep2 ! ,psalmi/ says3      ,x   
%all be1 t ,i give sleep unto m9e eyes1 
,& m9e eyelids %all slumb]1     ,& ,i   
%all h 9 him peaceful repose4  ,! s\l !n
 is said to be fa9t1 because x is dead 9
 itself1 & alive 9 ! object3  #bj4      
,give he$1 en?usia/s1 unto ! he>t6      
,= m9e condemns me to a life ap>t1      
,b\nd by unm]ciful & cruel ties1     ,he
 dwells ) joy1 !re :]e he fa9ts & dies4 
,at e h\r ,i call him back by ?\ghts3   
,a rebel he1 l g]falcon insane1     ,he 
feels no m ! h& t did re/ra91     ,& is 
gone =? n to return aga94     ,?\       
beaute\s bea/ t do/ 9 puni%m5t     ,knit
 up ! s\l1 _s & he>t cont5t'/     ,)    
pricks1 ) lightn+s1 & ) *a9s6     ,f    
looks1 f acc5ts1 & f usages1     ,:i*   
fa9t & burn & keep !e b\nd1     ,:]e    
%all he t heals1 t cools1 & loos5s !e be
 f\nd8  ,"h ! s\l1 sorr[ful1 n f real   
discont5t1 b on acc\nt ( pa9s :i* %e    
suff]s1 directs ! disc\rse to ^? :o are 
affect$ by passions simil> to h] own3 z 

if %e _h n ( h] own free w & ( h] own   
desire dismiss$ h] he>t1 :i* goes runn+ 
:i!r x _c arrive1 /ret*es out to t :i* x
 _c rea*1 & tries to enfold t :i* x _c  
compreh5d1 & ) ?is1 because he va9ly    
sep>ates f h]1 ev] m & m goes on aspir+ 
t[>ds ! inf9ite4  ,,cic4 ,:5ce comes x1 
oh ,tansillo1 t ! s\l 9 su* progression 
delights 9 its own torm5ts8 ,:5ce comes 
t spur :i* urges x ev] beyond t :i* x   
possesses8  ,,tans4 ,f ?is1 :i* ,i w    
tell !e n[4 ,! intellect be+ develop$ to
 ! compreh5sion ( a c]ta9 def9ite &     
specific =m1 & ! w to a love comm5surate
 ) su* compreh5sion2 ! intellect does n 
/op !re1 b by its own light x is prompt$
 to ?9k ( ?is3 t x conta9s )9 itself !  
g]m ( ev]y?+ intelligible & desirable1  
until x comes to compreh5d ) ! intellect
 ! dep? ( ! f\nta9 ( ideas1 ! ocean ( e 
tru? & goodness4 ,s t x happ5s1 t :atev]
 conception is pres5t$ to ! m9d1 &      
becomes und]/ood by x1 f t :i* is s     
pres5t$ & compreh5d$ x judges1 t above  
x1 is o!r great] & great]1 & f9ds itself

 ev] 9 a c]ta9 way disc\rs+ & mov+ ) x4 
,because x sees t all :i* x possesses is
 only a limit$ ?+1 & !re=e _c be        
suffici5t ( itself1 nor good ( itself1  
nor beautiful ( itself2 because x is n !
 univ]sal nor ! absolute entity2 b      
contract$ into be+ ?is nature1 ?is      
species1 ?is =m1 repres5t$ to !         
intellect & pres5t to ! s\l4 ,!n f !    
beautiful t is und]/ood1 & consequ5tly  
limit$1 & !re=e beautiful ?r\gh         
p>ticipation1 x progresses t[>ds t :i*  
is really beautiful1 :i* has no m>g91   
nor any b\nd>ies4  ,,cic4 ,?is          
progression appe>s to me useless4       
,,tans4 ,n s4 ,= x is n natural nor     
suitable t ! inf9ite be re/rict$1 nor   
give itself def9itely1 = x w\ld n !n be 
inf9ite4 ,to be inf9ite1 x mu/ be       
inf9itely pursu$ ) t =m ( pursuit :i* is
 n incit$ physically1 b metaphysically1 
& is n f imp]fect to p]fect1 b goes     
circulat+ ?r\gh ! grades ( p]fection to 
arrive at t inf9ite c5tre :i* is n =m1 &
 is n =m$4  ,,cic4 ,i %\ld l to "k h[1  

by circumambulat+1 "o is to arrive at ! 
c5tre8  ,,tans4 ,i _c "k t4  ,,cic4 ,:y 
d y say x8  ,,tans4 ,i c say x1 & leave 
x to y to consid]4  ,,cic4 ,if y d n    
mean t he :o pursues ! inf9ite is l him 
:o talks ab\t ! circumf]5ce :5 he is    
seek+ = ! c5tre1 ,i d n "k :at y mean4  
,,tans4 ,q ! contr>y4  ,,cic4 ,n[ if y w
 n expla9 y\rself1 ,i _c und]/& y2 b    
tell me1 pry!e1 :at he means by say+ !  
he>t is b\nd by cruel1 spiteful bonds4  
,,tans4 ,he speaks 9 similitude or      
metaphor2 z y w\ld say1 cruel 0 "o :o   
did n all[ a full enjoym5t1 & :o lives m
 9 ! desire ?an 9 possession1 & :o1     
p>tially possess+1 is n cont5t1 b       
desires1 fa9ts1 & dies4  ,,cic4 ,:at are
 ^? ?\ghts t call him back f ! noble    
ent]prise8  ,,tans4 ,! s5sual & natural 
affections1 :i* reg>d ! gov]nm5t ( !    
body4  ,,cic4 ,:at h !y to d ) x1 t 9 no
 way c ei!r help or fav\r x8  ,,tans4   
,!y h n to d ) x1 b ) ! s\l1 :i*1 be+ s 
absorb$ 9 "o "w or /udy1 becomes remiss 
& c>eless 9 o!rs4  ,,cic4 ,:y does he   

call him insane8  ,,tans4 ,because he   
surpasses 9 k4  ,,cic4 ,x is usual to   
call insane ^? :o "k no?+4  ,,tans4 ,on 
! contr>y4 ,^? are call$ insane :o "k n 
9 ! ord9>y way1 or :o rise above !      
ord9>y f hav+ m intellect4  ,,cic4 ,i   
p]ceive t ?\ saye/ truly4 ,n[ tell me   
:at are ! pricks1 ! lightn+s1 & ! *a9s8 
,,tans4 ,pricks are ^? exp]i5ces t      
/imulate & awak5 ! affection1 to make x 
on ! al]t2 lightn+s are ! rays ( !      
pres5t beauty1 :i* enlight5 ^? :o wat* &
 wait = !m2 *a9s are ^? effects &       
circum/ances :i* keep fix$ ! eyes (     
att5tion & unite toge!r ! object & !    
p[]s4  ,,cic4 ,:at are ! looks1 !       
acc5ts1 & ! cu/oms8  ,,tans4 ,looks are 
! means by :i* ! object is made pres5t  
to u2 acc5ts are ! means ?r\gh :i* we   
are inspir$ & in=m$2 cu/oms are !       
circum/ances :i* are mo/ pleasant &     
agreeable to u4 ,s t ! he>t t g5tly     
suff]s1 pati5tly burns & con/antly      
p]sev]es 9 ! "w1 fe>s t its hurt w heal1
 its fire be ext+ui%$1 & its b&s be     

loos5$4  ,,cic4 ,n[ relate t :i* foll[s4
  ,,tans43  #ba4      ,l(ty1 pr(\nd1 &  
/irr+ ?\ghts ( m9e1     ,ye long to sev]
 ! mat]nal ties     ,( ! afflict$ s\l1 &
 l to pr\d     ,& able b[m51 draw at !  
m>k1     ,:i* is ! g]m ( all y\r high   
conceits4     ,9 ^? /eep pa?s :]e cruel 
bea/s may be1     ,let n heav5 leave ye6
     ,rememb] to return1 & summon back  
,! he>t t t>ries ) ! wild wood nymph2   
,arm ye ) love1     ,w>m ) ! flame (    
dome/icity1     ,& ) /rong repression   
gu>d ?y sight1     ,t /rang]s keep !e n 
companion$ ) my he>t2     ,at lea/ br+  
news ( t1     ,:i* unto him is su*      
delight & joy4  ,"h he describes !      
natural solicitude ( ! att5tive s\l on !
 subject1 ( its incl9ation t[>ds        
g5]ation1 :i* x has contract$ ) matt]4  
,%e dispat*es ! arm$ ?\ghts1 :i*1       
solicit$ & urg$ by disagreem5t ) !      
inf]ior nature1 are s5t to recall !     
he>t4 ,! s\l in/ructs !m h[ !y %\ld     
conduct !mselves1 s t1 be+ allur$ &     
attract$ by ! object1 !y d n become     

induc$ to rema91 !y also1 captive &     
companions ( ! he>t4 ,%e says1 !n1 !y   
are to arm !mselves ) love1 ) t love t  
is fir$ by ! dome/ic flame2 t is1 !     
fri5d ( g5]ation1 to :om !y are b\nd1 & 
9 ^: jurisdiction1 m9i/ry1 & w>f>e !y   
f9d !mselves4 ,anon %e ord]s !m to      
repress _! eyesight & to close _! eyes1 
s t !y may n behold o!r beauty or       
goodness ?an t :i* is pres5t1 fri5d &   
"m2 & concludes at la/ ) ?is1 t if no   
o!r reason w cause !m to return1 !y %\ld
 at lea/ d s1 to give acc\nt ( !        
disc\rse & ( ! /ate ( ! he>t4  ,,cic4   
,be=e y proce$ fur!r1 ,i w\ld und]/& f y
 :at is t :i* ! s\l means :5 %e tells ! 
?\ghts to repress ! sight vigor\sly4    
,,tans4 ,i w tell !e4 ,all love proce$s 
f see+3 intellig5t love1 f see+         
intellig5tly2 s5su\s love1 f see+       
s5su\sly4 ,n[ ?is see+ has two mean+s3  
ei!r x means ! visual p[]1 t is ! sight1
 :i* is ! intellect1 or truly ! s5se2 or
 x means ! act ( t p[]1 t is1 t         
application :i* ! eye or ! intellect    

makes to ! mat]ial or intellectual      
object4 ,:5 ! ?\ghts are c\nsell$ to    
repress ! sight1 x is n ! fir/1 b !     
second1 mode t is meant1 because t is ! 
fa!r ( ! subsequ5t affection ( ! s5su\s 
or intellectual desire4  ,,cic4 ,?is is 
:at ,i wi%$ to he> f y4 ,n[1 if ! act ( 
! visual p[] is ! cause ( ! evil or good
 :i* proce$ f see+1 :5ce comes x t 9 ?+s
 div9e we h m love ?an k8  ,,tans4 ,we  
desire to see1 because 9 "s way we      
p]ceive ! value ( see+4 ,we are aw>e t1 
?r\gh ! act ( see+1 beautiful ?+s (f]   
!mselves to u2 & !re=e we desire        
beautiful ?+s4  ,,cic4 ,we desire !     
beautiful & ! good2 b see+ is n         
beautiful nor good2 r is x ! t\*/one or 
light by :i* we see1 n only ! beautiful 
& good1 b also ! evil & bad4 ,!re=e x   
seems to me t see+ may be equally       
beautiful or good1 z ! ?+ se5 may be    
:ite or black4 ,if1 !n1 ! sight1 :i* is 
an act1 is n beautiful nor good1 h[ c x 
fall into desire8  ,,tans4 ,if n =      
itself1 yet c]ta9ly = "s o!r reason1 x  

is desir$1 see+ t !re c be no           
appreh5sion ( t o!r )\t x4  ,,cic4 ,:at 
wilt ?\ say1 if t o!r is n )9 ! k ( !   
s5ses nor ( ! intellect8 ,h[1 ,i say1 c 
t be desir$ :i* is n se51 if !re is no k
 :atev] ( x--if t[>ds x nei!r !         
intellect nor ! s5se has ex]cis$ any act
 :atev]2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x is ev5      
dubi\s :e!r x be intellectual or s5su\s1
 :e!r a ?+ corporeal or incorporeal1    
:e!r x be "o or two or m1 or ( "o fa%ion
 or ( ano!r8  ,,tans4 ,i answ]1 t 9 !   
s5se & ! intellect !re is "o desire & "o
 impulse to ! s5su\s 9 g5]al2 because ! 
intellect w he> ! :ole tru?1 s t x may  
le>n all t is beautiful or good         
intellig5tly2 ! p[] ( ! s5ses w in=m    
itself ( all t is s5su\s1 s t x may "k  
all t is good & beautiful 9 ! _w ( !    
s5ses4 ,h5ce x foll[s t n less d we     
desire to see ?+s unkn[n & unse5 ?an ^? 
kn[n & se54 ,& f ?is x does n foll[ t ! 
desire does n proce$ f cognition1 & t we
 desire some?+ t is n kn[n2 b ,i say t x
 is c]ta9 & sure t we d n desire unkn[n 

?+s4 ,because1 if !y be occult z to     
p>ticul>s1 !y are n occult z to g5]als2 
z 9 ! entire visual p[] is f\nd ! :ole (
 ! visible appositely1 & 9 ! intellect  
all ! intelligible4 ,!re=e1 z !         
incl9ation to ! act lies 9 its          
appropriat5ess1 ! result is t bo? ^!    
p[]s incl9e t[>ds ! univ]sal action1 z  
to a ?+ naturally compreh5d$ z good4 ,! 
s\l1 !n1 did n speak to ! deaf or ! bl9d
 :5 %e c\nsell$ h] ?\ghts to repress !  
sight1 :i*1 al?\gh x may n be ! imm$iate
 cause ( ! w1 is yet ! primal & pr9cipal
 cause4  ,,cic4 ,:at d y mean by ?is la/
 say+8  ,,tans4 ,i mean t x is n !      
figure or ! conception1 s5sibly or      
intellig5tly repres5t$1 :i* ( itself    
moves u2 because :ile "o /&s behold+ !  
figure manife/$ to ! eyes1 he does n yet
 arrive at lov+2 b f t in/ant t ! s\l   
conceives )9 itself t figure1 n visible1
 b ?9kable2 no long] dividual1 b        
individual2 no long] class$ among ?+s 9 
g5]al1 b among ?+s good & beautiful2 !n 
imm$iately love is born4 ,n[ ?is is !   

see+1 f :i* ! s\l desires to div]t !    
eyes ( h] ?\ghts4 ,"h ! sight usually   
moves ! affection to a great] love ?an !
 love ( t :i* is se52 =1 z ,i h j said1 
x always consid]s1 ?r\gh ! univ]sal k t 
x holds ( ! beautiful & ! good1 t1      
besides ! degrees ( kn[n conceptions (  
goodness & beauty1 !re are o!rs & yet   
o!rs ad inf9itum4  ,,cic4 ,h[ is x t    
aft] we become in=m$ ( t conception ( ! 
beautiful :i* is begott5 9 ! s\l1 we yet
 desire to satisfy ! ext]ior vision8    
,,tans4 ,f ?is1 t ! s\l w\ld ev] love t 
:i* x loves1 & ev] see t :i* x sees4    
,!re=e %e wills t1 ! conception :i* has 
be5 produc$ 9 h] ?r\gh see+1 %\ld n     
become weak5$1 en]vat$ & lo/2 b w\ld ev]
 see m & m1 & t :i* becomes obscure 9 ! 
int]ior affection1 %\ld be frequ5tly    
bright5$ by ! ext]ior aspect1 :i* z x is
 ! pr9ciple ( be+1 mu/ also be !        
pr9ciple ( cons]vation4 ,?is results    
proportionately 9 ! act ( und]/&+ & (   
consid]+1 = z ! sight has ref]5ce to    
visible ?+s1 s has ! intellect to       

intelligible ?+s4 ,i believe n[ t y     
und]/& to :at end & 9 :at mann] ! s\l   
t5ds1 :5 %e says repress ! sight4       
,,cic4 ,i und]/& v well4 ,n[ cont9ue to 
unfold :at happ5s to ^! ?\ghts4  ,,tans4
 ,n[ foll[s ! disagreem5t betwe5 ! "m & 
! a=esaid *ildr51 :o hav+1 contr>y to h]
 ord]s1 op5$ _! eyes1 &1 hav+ fix$ !m on
 ! spl5d\r ( ! object1 !y rema9$ 9      
company ) ! he>t4  #bb4      ,cruel sons
 are ye to me1 me :om ye left     ,/ill 
f>!r to exasp]ate my pa92     ,& ev] )\t
 cease ye we>y me1     ,tak+ away f me  
my e hope6     ,:y %\ld ! s5se rema98   
oh1 grasp+ heav5s6     ,:]e=e ^! brok5  
ru9$ p[]s1 if n     ,to make me subject 
& exempl>     ,( su* heavy m>tyrdom1 su*
 l5g!n$ pa98     ,leave1 de> sons1 my   
w+$ fire en*a9$1     ,& let me1 "s ( y  
once m behold1     ,come back to me f ^?
 reta9+ claws6     ,oh1 we>9ess6 n "o   
returns     ,to br+ a late refre%m5t to 
my pa9s4  ,behold me1 mis]able "o1      
depriv$ ( he>t1 ab&on$ ( ?\ghts1 left by
 hope1 ,i1 :o _h fix$ my all 9 !m4 ,no?+

 is left to me b ! s5se ( my pov]ty1 my 
unhapp9ess & mis]y2 :y does n ?is too   
leave me8 ,:y does n dea? succ\r me1 n[ 
t ,i am depriv$ ( life8 ,to :at use d ,i
 possess ^! natural p[]s if ,i be       
depriv$ ( ! use ( !m8 ,h[ c ,i alone    
n\ri% myself ) intelligible conceptions 
z ) intellectual bread1 if ! sub/ance ( 
?is bread be compos$ ( ?is cont+5cy4 ,h[
 c ,i l+] 9 ! intimacy ( ^! fri5dly &   
de> memb]s :i* ,i h wov5 r\nd me1 adju/+
 !m ) ! symmetry ( ! elem5t>y           
conditions1 if my ?\ghts & all my       
affections ab&on me1 int5t ^u ! c>e ( ! 
bread t is immat]ial & div9e8 ,up1 up2  
oh my fly+ ?\ghts2 up1 oh my rebel he>t2
 let live ! s5se ( ?+s t are felt1 & !  
und]/&+ ( ?+s intelligible1 come to !   
succ\r ( ! body ) matt] & corporeal     
subject1 & let ! und]/&+ delight 9 its  
own objects1 to ! end t ?is composition 
( ! body may be realiz$1 t ?is ma*9e    
dissolve n1 9 :i*1 by means ( ! _s1 !   
s\l is unit$ to ! body4 ,:y1 unhappy z  
,i am 7m ?r\gh dome/ic circum/ances ?an 

?r\gh ext]nal viol5ce71 am ,i doom$ to  
see ?is horrible divorce betwe5 my p>ts 
& memb]s8 ,:y does ! intellect tr\ble   
itself to give laws to ! s5se & yet     
deprive x ( its food8 & ?is1 on ! o!r   
h&1 resi/s2 desir+ to live accord+ to   
its own decrees1 & n accord+ to ! decree
 ( o!rs2 = ^! & n ^? are able to ma9ta9 
& bless x1 !re=e x ought to att5d to its
 own com=t & life1 & n to t ( o!rs4 ,!re
 is no h>mony & concord :]e !re is only 
"o1 :]e "o individual absorbs ! :ole    
be+1 b :]e !re is ord] & analogy 9 ?+s  
div]se2 :]e ea* ?+ s]ves its own nature4
 ,!re=e let ! s5se fe$ accord+ to ! law 
( ?+s t c be felt1 ! fle% be ob$i5t to !
 law ( ! _s1 ! reason to its own law4   
,let !m n be conf\nd$ nor mix$4 ,en\gh t
 "o nei!r m> nor prejudice ! law ( !    
o!r1 s9ce x is n j t ! s5se outrage !   
law ( reason4 ,& v]ily x is a %ameful ?+
 t "o %\ld tyrannize ov] ! o!r1         
p>ticul>ly :]e ! intellect is a pilgrim 
& /range1 & ! s5se is m dome/icat$ & at 
home4 ,i am =c$ by y1 my ?\ghts1 to     

rema9 at home 9 *>ge ( ! h\se1 :ile o!rs
 may w&] :]ev] !y w4 ,?is is a law (    
,nature1 & !re=e a law ( ! au?or &      
orig9ator ( ,nature4 ,s9 on !n1 n[ t all
 ( y1 s$uc$ by ! *>m ( ! intellect1     
leave ! o!r "p ( me to ! p]il ( dea?4   
,h[ h y gott5 ?is melan*oly & p]v]se    
hum\r1 :i* breaks ! c]ta9 & natural laws
 ( ! true life1 & :i* is 9 y\r own h&s1 
= "o1 unc]ta91 & :i* has no exi/5ce     
except 9 %ad[1 beyond ! limits (        
fanta/ic ?\ght8 ,seems x to y a natural 
?+ t !y %\ld live div9ely & n z animals 
& humanly1 !y be+ n gods1 b m5 &        
animals8 ,x is a law ( fate & ,nature t 
ev]y?+ %\ld adapt itself to ! condition 
( its own be+1 :]e=e !n1 :ile y foll[   
aft] ! nigg>d nect> ( ! gods1 d y lose t
 :i* is pres5t & is y\r own1 & tr\ble   
y\rself ab\t ! va9 hopes ( o!rs8 ,ought 
n ,nature to refuse to give y ! o!r     
good1 if t :i* %e at pres5t (f]s to y1 y
 /upidly despise8      ,heav5 ! second  
gift d5ies1     ,to him :o does ! fir/  
despise4  ,) ^! & simil> reasons ! s\l1 

tak+ "p ) ! weake/1 seeks to recall !   
?\ghts to ! c>e ( ! body4 ,& ^!1 al?\gh 
late1 come & %[ !mselves1 b n 9 t =m 9  
:i* !y dep>t$1 b only to decl>e _!      
rebellion1 & =ce h] to foll[4 ,& !      
sorr[+ "o ?us lam5ts3  #bc4      ,ah1   
dogs ( ,acton1 ah1 pr\d +rates6     ,:om
 to ! abode ( my div9ity ,i s5t2        
,)\t hope d ye return to me2     ,&1    
com+ to ! "m's side1 ye br+     ,back   
unto me a too unhappy boon2     ,ye     
mangle me1 & w t ,i live n4     ,leave  
me1 life1 t ,i may m\nt up to my sun1   
,a d\ble /reamlet1 mad1 )\t my f\nt6    
,:5 %all ?is pond]\s mass ( me dissolve8
     ,:5 %all x be1 t1 tak+ myself h5ce1
     ,& swiftly ris+ to ! heights above1
     ,toge!r ) my he>t ,i may abide1    
,& ) my ?\ghts ,i may be deifi$8  ,!    
,platoni/s say t ! s\l1 z to its sup]ior
 "p1 always consi/s 9 ! intellect1 9 :i*
 x has m ( und]/&+ ?an ( s\l1 see+ t x  
is call$ s\l only 9 s f> z x vivifies ! 
body & su/a9s x4 ,s "h1 ! same ess5ce   
:i* n\ri%es & ma9ta9s ! ?\ghts on high1 

toge!r ) ! exalt$ he>t1 is induc$ by !  
inf]ior "p to afflict itself1 & recall  
!m z rebels4  ,,cic4 ,s t !y are n two  
contr>y exi/5ces1 b "o1 subject to two  
contradictory t]ms8  ,,tans4 ,s x is1   
precisely4 ,z ! ray ( ! sun :i* t\*es ! 
e>?1 & is jo9$ to obscure & to inf]ior  
?+s1 :i* x bright5s1 vivifies1 & k9dles1
 & is !n jo9$ to ! elem5t ( fire--t is1 
to ! />1 :5ce x proce$s1 & has its      
beg9n+1 & is diffus$1 & 9 :i* x has its 
own & orig9al subsi/5ce--s ! s\l1 :i* is
 9 ! horizon ( ,nature1 is corporeal &  
incorporeal1 & conta9s t ) :i* x rises  
to sup]ior ?+s & decl9es to ?+s inf]ior4
 ,& ?is1 y may p]ceive1 does n happ5 by 
reason & ord] ( local motion1 b solely  
?r\gh ! impulse ( "o & ( ano!r p[] or   
faculty4 ,z :5 ! s5se rises to !        
imag9ation1 ! imag9ation to ! reason1 ! 
reason to ! intellect1 ! intellect to ! 
m9d1 !n ! :ole s\l is conv]t$ into ,god1
 & inhabits ! intelligible _w2 :5ce1 on 
! o!r h&1 %e desc5ds 9 an inv]se mann]  
to ! _w ( feel+1 ?r\gh ! intellect1     

reason1 imag9ation1 s5se1 vegetation4   
,,cic4 ,x is true t ,i h he>d t ! s\l1 9
 ord] to put itself 9 ! ultimate degree 
( div9e ?+s1 desc5ds into ! mortal body1
 & f ?is goes up aga9 to ! div9e        
degrees1 :i* are ?ree degrees (         
intellig5ce4 ,= !re are o!rs 9 :i* !    
intellectual surpasses ! animal1 :i* are
 said to be ! cele/ial intellig5ces2 &  
o!rs 9 :i* ! animal surpasses !         
intellectual1 :i* are ! human           
intellig5ces2 o!rs !re are1 ( :i* ^? ?+s
 are equal1 z ^? ( demons or h]oes4     
,,tans4 ,! m9d !n _c desire except t :i*
 is ne>1 close1 kn[n1 & famili>4 ,! pig 
_c desire to be a man1 nor wi% = ^? ?+s 
t are suitable to ! human appetite4 ,he 
likes bett] to turn ab\t 9 mud ?an 9 a  
b$ ( l951 he w\ld pref] a s[ to ! mo/   
beautiful ( wom51 because ! affection   
foll[s ! reason ( ! species4 ,& among/  
m5 ! same ?+ is se51 accord+ z "s       
resemble "o species ( brute bea/ & "s   
ano!r3 ^! hav+ some?+ ( ! quadrup$1 & ^?
 ( birds1 &1 may be1 "s aff9ity1 :i* ,i 

w n expla91 b ?r\gh :i* ^? h be5 kn[n :o
 are affect$ by c]ta9 sorts ( bea/s4    
,n[1 x is lawful = ! m9d :i* f9ds itself
 oppress$ by ! mat]ial conjunction ( !  
s\l1 to raise itself to ! contemplation 
( ano!r /ate1 to :i* ! s\l may arrive1  
comp>+ ! two1 & s ?r\gh ! future despise
 ! pres5t4 ,if a bea/ _h a s5se ( !     
diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 8 own         
condition & t ( man1 & ! meanness ( 8   
own /ate ) ! nobility ( ! human /ate1   
:i* he w\ld deem x n impossible to be   
able to rea*1 he w\ld love dea?1 :i*    
w\ld op5 to him t road1 m ?an t life :i*
 keeps him 9 ! pres5t /ate ( be+4 ,:5 ! 
s\l compla9s1 say+1 ,ah6 dogs ( ,acton6 
%e is repres5t$ z a ?+ :i* appe>s only 9
 ! inf]ior p[]s1 & aga9/ :i* ! m9d      
rebels = hav+ tak5 away ! he>t ) x2 t is
 to say1 ! entire affections1 ) all !   
army ( ! ?\ghts4 ,s t1 hav+ a k ( !     
pres5t /ate1 & be+ ignorant ( e o!r1 & n
 believ+ t o!rs exi/ ab\t :i* %e c h any
 k1 %e compla9s ( h] ?\ghts1 :i*1 t>dily
 turn+ t[>ds h]1 come r to draw h] up   

?an to make !mselves accept$ by h]4 ,&  
?r\gh ! di/raction :i* %e endures on    
acc\nt ( ! ord9>y love ( ! mat]ial & (  
?+s intelligible1 %e feels h]self       
lac]at$ & mangl$1 s t at la/ %e is =c$  
to yield to ! m vigor\s impulse4 ,& if1 
by virtue ( contemplation1 %e rises or  
is caught up above ! horizon ( ! natural
 affections1 :5ce ) pur] eye %e le>ns ! 
diff]5ce betwe5 ! "o life & ! o!r1 !n1  
vanqui%$ by ! l(ty ?\ghts1 &1 z if dead 
to ! body1 %e aspires to t :i* is       
elevat$1 &1 al?\gh alive 9 ! body1 %e   
vegetates !re z if dead1 be+ pres5t z an
 animat+ pr9ciple & abs5t 9 op]ative    
activity2 n because %e does n act :ile !
 body is alive1 b t ! actions ( ?is mass
 are int]mitt5t1 weak1 &1 z x 71        
purposeless4  ,,cic4 ,?us a c]ta9       
!ologian1 :o 0 said to be transport$ to 
! ?ird heav5 & en*ant$ ) ! view ( x1    
said t :at he desir$ 0 ! dissolution ( 8
 body4  ,,tans4 ,s2 fir/ compla9+ ( !   
he>t & qu>rell+ ) ! ?\ghts1 %e n[       
desires to rise on high ) !m1 & exhibits

 h] regret = ! connection & famili>ity  
contract$ ) corporeal matt]1 & says3    
,leave me life 7corporeal71 & d n imp$e 
my progress upw>ds to my native home1 to
 my sun4 ,leave me n[1 = no long] d my  
eyes weep te>s2 nei!r because ,i _c     
succ\r !m 7! ?\ghts71 nor because ,i _c 
rema9 divid$ f my happ9ess4 ,leave me1 =
 x is n fit nor possible t ^! two /reams
 %\ld run )\t _! s\rce1 t is1 )\t !     
he>t4 ,i w n1 ,i say1 make two riv]s (  
te>s "h bel[1 :ile my he>t1 :i* is !    
s\rce ( su* riv]s1 is fl[n away on high 
) its nymphs1 :i* are my ?\ghts4 ,?us1  
little by little1 f dislike & regret1 %e
 proce$s to ! hatr$ ( inf]ior ?+s1 :i*  
%e p>tly %[s1 say+1 ,:5 %all ?is pond]\s
 mass ( me dissolve8 & t :i* foll[s4    
,,cic4 ,?is ,i und]/& "r well1 & also t 
:i* y w\ld inf] ab\t ! pr9cipal         
int5tion2 t is to say1 t ^! are !       
degrees ( ! loves1 ( ! affections1 & ( !
 en?usiasms1 accord+ to ! degrees (     
great] & less] light1 ( cognition1 & (  
intellig5ce4  ,,tans4 ,?\ und]/&e/      

rightly4 ,f ?is ?\ oughte/ to le>n t    
doctr9e tak5 f ! ,py?agoreans &         
,platoni/s1 :i* is1 t ! s\l makes ! two 
progressions ( asc5t & desc5t1 by ! c>e 
t x has ( itself & ( matt]2 be+ mov$ by 
its own prop] love ( good1 & be+ urg$ by
 ! provid5ce ( fate4  ,,cic4 ,b1 pry!e1 
tell me briefly :at y mean ab\t ! s\l ( 
! _w1 if %e c nei!r asc5d nor desc5d8   
,,tans4 ,if y ask ( ! _w1 accord+ to !  
common signification--t is1 9 s f> z x  
signifies :at is call$ ! univ]se--,i say
 t1 be+ inf9ite1 x has no dim5sion or   
measure1 is immobile1 inanimate1 & )\t  
=m1 not)/&+ x is ! place ( inf9ite mov+ 
worlds & is inf9ite space1 9 :i* are s  
_m l>ge animals t are call$ />s4 ,if y  
ask accord+ to ! signification held by !
 true philosoph]s--t is1 9 s f> z x     
signifies e globe1 e />1 su* z ?is e>?1 
! body ( ! sun1 moon1 & o!rs--,i say t  
su* s\l does n asc5d nor desc5d1 b turns
 9 a circle4 ,?us1 be+ comp\nd$ (       
sup]ior & inf]ior p[]s1 ) ! sup]ior x   
turns r\nd ! div9ity1 & ) ! inf]ior1    

t[>ds ! mass ( ! worlds1 :i* is by x    
vivifi$ & ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! tropics (    
g5]ation & ! corruption ( liv+ ?+s 9 ^? 
worlds1 s]v+ its own life et]nally2     
because ! act ( ! div9e provid5ce1      
always pres]ves x ) div9e heat & light1 
) ! same ord] & measure1 9 ! ord9>y &   
self-same be+4  ,,cic4 ,i h n[ he>d     
en\gh ^u ?is subject4  ,,tans4 ,x happ5s
 !n t individual s\ls come to be        
influ5c$ diff]5tly z to _! habits &     
incl9ations1 accord+ to ! div]se degrees
 ( asc5sion & desc5sion1 & come to      
display v>i\s k9ds & ord]s ( en?usiasms1
 ( loves1 & ( s5ses1 n only 9 ! scale ( 
,nature accord+ to ! ord]s ( div]se     
lives :i* ! s\l takes up 9 diff]5t      
bodies1 z is expressly decl>$ by !      
,py?agoreans1 ,sadu*imi & o!rs1 & by    
implication1 ,plato1 & ^? :o dive m     
pr(\ndly into x1 b /ill m 9 ! scale (   
human affections1 :i* has z _m degrees z
 ! scale ( ,nature2 = man1 9 all 8 p[]s1
 displays e species ( be+4  ,,cic4      
,!re=e f ! affections "o may "k s\ls1   

:e!r !y are go+ up or d[n1 or :e!r !y   
are f above or f bel[1 :e!r !y are go+  
on t[>ds becom+ bea/s or t[>ds div9e    
be+s1 accord+ to ! specific be+ z !     
,py?agoreans und]/ood x2 or accord+ to !
 similitude ( ! affections only1 z is   
commonly believ$1 ! human s\l n be+     
able1 7s long z x is truly human7 to    
become s\l ( a brute1 z ,plot9us & o!r  
,platoni/s well said1 on acc\nt ( !     
quality ( its beg9n+4  ,,tans4 ,n[ to   
come to ! proposition3 ,f animal        
en?usiasm1 ?is s\l1 z describ$1 is      
promot$ to h]oic en?usiasm1 say+1 ,:5   
%all x be t ,i rise up to ! height ( !  
object1 !re to dwell 9 company ) my he>t
 & ) my fl$gl+s,c & 88 ,?is same        
proposition he cont9ues :5 he says3     
#bd4      ,de/9y1 :51 %all ,i t m\nta9  
m\nt1     ,:i*1 blissful to ! high gates
 br++1 br+1     ,:]e ^? r>e beauties ,i 
%all c\nt+1 c\nt1     ,:5 he my pa9 )   
com=t com=t+1     ,:o my disjo9t$ memb]s
 jo9$1     ,& leaves my dy+ p[]s n dead8
     ,my _s's rival m ?an rivall$ is    

,if1 f> f s91 x unassail$ may sail1     
,if ?i!r t5d+1 x may wait+1 wait1     ,&
 up ) t high object ris+1 rise1     ,&  
if my good alone1 alone ,i take1     ,= 
:i* ,i sure remove ( ea* defect effect1 
,& s at la/ may come to enjoy ) joy1    
,z he :o all =etells c tell4  ,c        
,pulc9i4  ,o ,de/9y6 ,o ,fate6 ,o div9e 
immutable ,provid5ce6 :5 %all x be t ,i 
%all climb t m\nt--t is1 t ,i may arrive
 at su* altitude ( m9d1 z transport+ me 
%all br+ me into ^? out] & inn] c\rts   
:]e ,i may behold & c\nt ^? r>e         
beauties8 ,:5 %all x be1 t he w         
effectually com=t my pa91 loos5+ me f ! 
tight5$ bonds ( ^? c>es 9 :i* ,i f9d    
myself1 he1 :o =m$ & unit$ my memb]s1   
:i* be=e 7 disunit$ & disjo9$3 t is     
,love2 he :o has jo9$ toge!r ^!         
corporeal p>ts1 :i* 7 z f> divid$ z "o  
opposite is divid$ f ano!r2 s t ^!      
intellectual p[]s :i*1 ?r\gh 8 action he
 has ext+ui%$1 %\ld n be left q dead1 b 
be aga9 re-animat$ & made to aspire on  
high8 ,:51 ,i say1 w he fully com=t me1 

& give my p[]s free & spe$y flight1 by  
:i* means my sub/ance may g & ne/le !re1
 :]e1 by my ef=ts1 ,i may make am5ds &  
correct my defects1 & :]e 7if ,i arrive7
 my _s w be made effectual or prevail   
ov] my rival1 because !re1 no excess w  
oppose1 no opposition ov]come1 no error 
assail8 ,oh6 if by =ce he may arrive    
!re1 at t height :i* he is wait+ to     
rea*1 he w rema9 on high1 at ! elevation
 ( 8 object1 & he w take t good t _c be 
compreh5d$ by any o!r ?an "o1 t is1 by  
himself1 see+ t e o!r has x 9 ! measure 
( 8 own capacity1 & ?is "o alone has x 9
 all its fulness4 ,!n w happ9ess come to
 me 9 t mann] :i* he says1 :o all       
=etells2 t is1 at t elevation 9 :i* !   
say+ all & ! do+ all is ! same ?+2 9 t  
mann] t he says & does :o all =etells1 t
 is1 :o is suffici5t = all ?+s & prim>y1
 & ^: ^w & pre-orda9+ is ! true do+ &   
beg9n+4 ,?is is h[1 9 ! scale ( ?+s     
sup]ior & inf]ior1 ! affection ( ,love  
proce$s1 z ! intellect or s5tim5t       
proce$s f ^! intelligible or kn[able    

objects1 to ^?1 or f ^? to ^!4  ,,cic4  
,?us ! great] numb] ( sages believe t   
,nature delights 9 ?is *angeful         
circulation :i* is se5 9 ! :irl+ ( h]   
:eel4     ,fif? ,dialogue4   ,i4  ,,cic4
 ,n[ %[ me h[ ,i may be able = myself to
 consid] ! conditions ( ^! en?usia/s1   
?r\gh t :i* appe>s 9 ! ord] ( ! w>f>e "h
 describ$4  ,,tans4 ,behold h[ !y c>ry !
 ensign ( _! affections or =tunes4 ,let 
u leave ! consid]ation ( _! names &     
habits2 en\gh t we /& ^u ! mean+ ( !    
und]tak+ & ! intelligibility ( ! writ+1 
alike t :i* is put = ! =m ( ! body ( !  
figure1 z well z t :i* is mo/ly put z an
 elucidation ( ! und]tak+4  ,,cic4 ,?us 
w we d4 ,"h !n is ! fir/1 :o c>ries a   
%ield divid$ into f\r col\rs1 & 9 ! cre/
 is depict$ a flame "u ! head ( bronze1 
f ! holes 9 :i*1 issue 9 great =ce a    
smoky w9d1 & ab\t x is writt53 ,at regna
 s5s]unt tria4  ,,tans4 ,= ! explanation
 ( ?is ,i w\ld say3 t ! fire !re is t   
:i* heats ! globe1 inside ( x is ! wat]1
 & x happ5s t ?is humid elem5t1 be+     

r>efi$ & att5uat$ by virtue ( ! heat1 & 
?us resolv$ into vap\r1 x requires mu*  
great] space to conta9 x1 !re=e if x    
does n f9d easy exit1 x goes on )       
extreme =ce1 noise1 & de/ruction to     
break ! vessel2 b if x f9ds space & easy
 exit1 s t x c evaporate1 x goes out )  
less viol5ce1 little by little1 &1      
accord+ z ! wat] is resolv$ into vap\r1 
x is dissipat$ 9 puffs into ! air4 ,"h  
is signifi$ ! he>t ( ! en?usia/ :]e1 by 
a clev]ly plann$ allurem5t be+ caught by
 ! amor\s flame1 x happ5s t "s ( ! vital
 sub/ance sp>kles ) fire1 :ile "s 9 ! =m
 ( te>ful cries r5ds ! bosom1 & "s o!r  
by ! expulsion ( gu/y sighs agitates !  
air4 ,!re=e he says3 ,at regna s5s]unt  
tria4 ,n[ ?is at supposes a diff]5ce1 or
 div]sity1 or opposite2 z "o might almo/
 say !re exi/s some?+ :i* might h ! same
 s5se1 b has x n1 :i* is v well expla9$ 
9 ! foll[+ rhymes3  #be4      ,f ^! tw9 
lights ( me--a little e>?--     ,my     
wont$ te>s /ream freely to ! sea4     ,!
 gre$y air receives f out my brea/      

,no nigg>d "p ( all t brea/ conta9s2    
,& f my he>t ! lightn+s are unlock$     
,t rise to heav51 & yet dim9i% n4       
,?us pay ,i to ! air1 ! sea1 ! fire1    
,! tribute ( my sighs1 my te>s1 my zeal4
     ,! sea1 ! air1 ! fire1 accept a "p 
( me1     ,b my div9ity no fav\r %[s4   
,unk9d %e turns away4 ,ne> h]     ,my   
te>s f9d no response2     ,my voice %e w
 n he>1     ,nor pitifully w %e turn to 
note my zeal4  ,"h ! subject matt]      
signifi$ by e>? is ! sub/ance ( !       
en?usia/1 :i* is p\r$ f ! tw9 lights--t 
is1 f ! eyes--9 copi\s te>s t fl[ to !  
sea2 he s5ds =? f 8 brea/ into ! wide   
air sighs 9 a great multitude1 & !      
lightn+s f 8 he>t1 n l a little sp>k or 
a weak flame1 :i*1 cool+ itself 9 ! air1
 smokes1 & transmigrates into o!r be+s2 
b1 pot5t & vigor\s--r acquir+ f o!rs ?an
 los+ ( its own--x jo9s its cong5ial    
sph]e4  ,,cic4 ,i und]/& x all4 ,to !   
next4   ,,ii4  ,,tans4 ,close by is     
portray$ "o :o has on 8 %ield a cre/1   
also divid$ into f\r col\rs4 ,!re is a  

sun ^: rays ext5d to ! back ( ! e>?1 &  
!re is a leg5d :i* says3 ,idem semp]    
ubique totum4  ,,cic4 ,i p]ceive t !    
int]pretation ( x w be difficult4       
,,tans4 ,! m excell5t ! mean+ ! less    
obvi\s is x1 & y w see t x is unequall$1
 unique1 & n /ra9$4 ,y are to consid] t 
! sun1 al?\gh ) reg>d to ! v>i\s regions
 ( ! e>? he is = ea* "o diff]5t z to "t1
 place1 & degree1 yet 9 respect ( ! :ole
 globe z su*1 he always & 9 e place     
accompli%es ev]y?+1 = 9 :atev] "p ( !   
ecliptic he is to be f\nd1 he makes     
w9t]1 summ]1 autumn1 & spr+1 & makes !  
:ole globe ( ! e>? to receive )9 itself 
! a=esaid f\r seasons2 = nev] is x hot  
at "o side unless x is cold on ! o!r2 :5
 x is to u v hot 9 ! tropic ( ,canc] x  
is v cold 9 ! tropic ( ,capricorn2 s t =
 ! same reason x is w9t] 9 t "p :5 x is 
summ] 9 ?is1 & to ^? :o are 9 ! middle1 
x is temp]ate accord+ to ! aspect1 v]nal
 or autumnal4 ,s ! e>? always feels !   
ra9s1 ! w9ds1 ! heat1 ! cold2 nor w\ld x
 be damp "h if x 7 n dry 9 ano!r "p1 & !

 sun w\ld n w>m x on ?is side if x _h n 
already left (f w>m+ x on ! o!r4  ,,cic4
 ,ev5 be=e y h f9i%$1 ,i und]/& :at y   
w\ld say4 ,y mean t z ! sun gives all ! 
impressions to ! e>?1 & ?is receives !m 
:ole & entire1 s ! ,object ( ! en?usia/1
 ) its active spl5d\r1 makes him !      
passive subject ( te>s1 :i* are ! wat]s1
 ( ard\rs1 :i* are ! fires1 & ( sighs1  
:i* are c]ta9 vap\rs1 :i* p>take ( bo?1 
:i* leave ! fire1 & g to ! wat]s1 or    
leave ! wat]s & g to ! fire4  ,,tans4   
,?is is well expla9$ bel[4  #bf4        
,:5 z ! sun t[>ds ,capricorn decl9es1   
,!n d ! ra9s enri* ! /reams1     ,z     
t[>ds ! l9e he goes1 or !nce returns1   
,m felt is ea* olian mess5g]1     ,w>m+ 
! m ) e l5g!n+ day     ,:at "t t[>ds    
burn+ ,canc] he rem\nts4     ,& equal to
 ?is heat1 ?is cold1 ?is zeal     ,are  
^! my te>s1 my sighs1 ! ard\r t ,i feel4
     ,my con/ant sighs1 my nev] wan+    
flames     ,are only equal to my te>s4  
,my floods & flames h[e'er int5se !y be1
     ,are nev] m s ?an my sighs2     ,i 

burn ) f]vid heat1     ,&1 firmly fix$1 
,i ev] sigh & weep4  ,,cic4 ,?is does n 
s mu* decl>e ! mean+ ( ! coat ( arms1 z 
! prec$+ disc\rse did1 b x r supplem5ts 
or accompanies t disc\rse4  ,,tans4     
,say1 r1 t ! figure is lat5t 9 ! fir/   
"p1 & ! leg5d is well expla9$ 9 !       
second2 z bo? ! "o & ! o!r are v prop]ly
 signifi$ 9 ! type ( ! sun & ( ! e>?4   
,,cic4 ,pass on to ! ?ird4   ,,iii4     
,,tans4 ,! ?ird be>s on 8 %ield a nak$  
*ild1 /ret*$ ^u ! gre5 turf1 :o re/s 8  
head ^u 8 arm1 ) 8 eyes turn$ t[>ds !   
sky to c]ta9 edifices1 t[]s1 g>d5s1 &   
or*>ds1 :i* are above ! cl\ds1 & !re is 
a ca/le ( :i* ! mat]ial is fire1 & 9 !  
middle is ! sign inscrib$3 ,mutuo       
fulcimur4  ,,cic4 ,:at does t mean8     
,,tans4 ,x means t en?usia/1 signifi$ by
 ! nak$ *ild z simple1 pure1 & expos$ to
 all ! accid5ts ( ,nature & ( =tune1 :o 
at ! same "t by ! =ce ( ?\ght1 con/ructs
 ca/les 9 ! air1 & among/ o!r ?+s a t[]1
 ( :i* ! ar*itect is ,love1 ! mat]ial is
 ! amor\s fire1 & ! build] is himself1  

:o says3 ,mutuo fulcimur--t is1 ,i build
 & uphold y !re ) my ?\ght1 & y uphold  
me "h ) hope2 y w\ld n be 9 exi/5ce 7 x 
n = ! imag9ation & ! ?\ght ) :i* ,i =m &
 uphold y1 & ,i %\ld n be alive 7 x n = 
! refre%m5t & com=t t ,i receive ?r\gh  
y\r means4  ,,cic4 ,x is true t !re is  
no fancy s va9 & s *im]ical t may n be a
 m real & true m$ic9e = an en?usia/ic   
he>t ?an any h]b1 m9]al1 oil1 or o!r    
sort ( ?+ t ,nature produces4  ,,tans4  
,magicians c d m by means ( fai? ?an    
physicians by ! tru?2 & 9 ! wor/        
diseases ! pati5ts b5efit m by believ+  
?is or t :i* ! =m] say1 ?an 9 und]/&+ t 
:i* ! latt] d4 ,n[ let ! rhymes be read4
  #bg4      ,above ! cl\ds 9 t high     
place1     ,:5 (t ) dream+ ,i am fir$1  
,= com=t & refre%m5t ( my s\l     ,an   
airy ca/le f my fires ,i build1     ,&  
if my adv]se fate incl9e a:ile1     ,&  
)\t scorn or ire w und]/&     ,?is l(ty 
grace = :i* ,i die1     ,oh happy !n my 
pa9s1 happy my dea?4     ,! ard\r ( ^?  
flames %e does n feel1     ,nor is %e   

h9d]$ by ^? sn>es     ,) :i*1 oh boy6   
?\'rt wont to enslave     ,& lead into  
captivity bo? m5 & gods2     ,by pity's 
h& alone1 oh ,love1     ,by %[+ all my  
woe1 ?\ %alt prevail4  ,,cic4 ,he %[s t 
:i* fe$s 8 fancy & ba!s 8 _s2 yet1      
inasmu* z he is )\t c\rage to expla9    
himself & make kn[n 8 suff]+s1 al?\gh he
 is s deeply subject$ to t angui%1 if x 
%\ld happ5 t 8 h>d1 uncompromis+ fate   
%\ld b5d a little 7z1 9 ! end1 fate mu/ 
soo! him1 by %[+ itself )\t scorn or    
ang] = ! high object71 he w\ld consid]  
no happ9ess s great1 no life s bless$1 z
 9 su* a case w\ld be 8 happ9ess 9 8    
woes1 & 8 bless$ness 9 8 dea?4  ,,tans4 
,& ) ?is he comes to decl>e to ,love t !
 means by :i* he w ga9 access to t      
brea/1 is n 9 ! ord9>y way by ! arms )  
:i* he usually captivates m5 & gods1 b  
only by caus+ ! fi]y he>t & 8 tr\bl$ _s1
 to be laid b>e1 to obta9 sight ( :i* x 
is necess>y t compassion op5 ! way1 &   
introduce him to t secret *amb]4   ,,iv4
  ,,cic4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( t butt]fly   

:i* flutt]s r\nd ! flame1 & almo/ burns 
itself8 & :at means t leg5d1 ,ho/is non 
ho/is8  ,,tans4 ,! mean+ ( ! butt]fly is
 n difficult1 :i*1 s$uc$ by !           
fasc9ations ( spl5d\r1 goes innoc5tly & 
amicably to meet its dea? 9 ! dev\r+    
flames4 ,?us1 ho/is /&s writt5 = !      
effect ( ! fire2 non ho/is = !          
incl9ation ( ! fly4 ,ho/is1 ! fly       
passively2 non ho/is1 actively4 ,ho/is1 
! flame1 ?r\gh its ard\r2 non ho/is1    
?r\gh its spl5d\r4  ,,cic4 ,n[ :at is t 
:i* is writt5 on ! tablet8  ,,tans43    
#bh4      ,be x f> f me to make compla9t
 ( love1     ,love1 )\t :om ,i w n happy
 be1     ,& ?\gh ?r\gh him ^! we>y toils
 ,i be>4     ,yet :at is giv5 my w %all 
n reject4     ,be cle> ! sky or d>k1    
burn+ or cold1     ,to t "o pho5ix e'er 
! same ,i'll be1     ,no fate nor de/9y 
c e'er untie     ,t knot :i* dea? unable
 is to loose2     ,to he>t1 to _s1 & to 
s\l1     ,no pleasure is1 no lib]ty1 no 
life1     ,no smile1 no rapture1 no     
delight1     ,s sweet1 s grateful1 s    

div9e1     ,z ^! h>d bonds1 ?is dea? (  
m9e1     ,to :i* by fate1 by w1 by      
nature ,i incl9e4  ,"h1 9 ! figure1 he  
%[s ! resemblance betwe5 ! en?usia/ & ! 
butt]fly attract$ t[>ds ! light2 9 !    
sonnet1 h[ev]1 he demon/rates r diff]5ce
 & dissimil>ity2 z x is commonly        
believ$1 t if ! butt]fly =esaw its      
de/ruction1 x w\ld fly f ! light m      
eag]ly ?an x n[ pursues x1 & w\ld       
consid] x an evil to lose its life ?r\gh
 be+ absorb$ into t ho/ile fire4 ,b to  
him 7! en?usia/7 x is no less pleas+ to 
p]i% 9 ! flames ( amor\s ard\r ?an to be
 drawn to ! contemplation ( ! beauty ( t
 r>e spl5d\r1 "u :i*1 by natural        
incl9ation1 by volunt>y election1 & by  
disposition ( fate1 he lab\rs1 s]ves1 & 
dies m gaily1 m resolutely1 & m         
c\rage\sly ?an "u :atsoev] o!r pleasure 
:i* may (f] itself to ! he>t1 lib]ty :i*
 may be conc$$ to ! _s1 & life :i* may  
be discov]$ 9 ! s\l4  ,,cic4 ,tell me :y
 he says1 ev] ! same ,i'll be8  ,,tans4 
,because x seems suitable to br+ =w>d a 

reason = 8 con/ancy1 see+ t ! sage does 
n *ange ) ! moon1 al?\gh ! fool does s4 
,?us he is unique1 z ! pho5ix is unique4
   ,v4  ,,cic4 ,b :at signifies t bran* 
( palm1 ar\nd :i* is ! leg5d1 ,cs> ade/8
  ,,tans4 ,)\t fur!r talk1 all may be   
und]/ood by t :i* is writt5 on ! tablet3
  #bi4      ,unconqu]$ victor (         
,ph>salia1     ,?\gh all ?y w>riors be  
well-nigh sp5t1     ,at sight ( !e !y   
rise once m2     ,_! /r5g? returns1 !y  
conqu] _! pr\d foes2     ,s does my     
love--t equals love ( heav5--           
,become a liv+ pres5ce ?r\gh my ?\ghts2 
,?\ghts t my haughty s\l _h kill$ )     
scorn1     ,love br+s aga9 /rong] ?an   
love himself2     ,?y pres5ce is en\gh1 
oh memory6     ,^! to reanimate 9 all _!
 /r5g?1     ,& ) imp]i\s sov'reignty !y 
rule     ,& gov]n ea* oppos+ =ce4       
,may ,i be happy 9 ?is gov]nance     ,& 
) ^! bonds1 & may t light ne'er cease4  
,!re are times :5 ! inf]ior p[]s ( !    
s\l--l a vigor\s & ho/ile army1 :i* f9ds
 itself 9 its own c\ntry practis$1      

exp]t1 & ready--revolt aga9/ ! =eign    
adv]s>y1 :o comes d[n f ! height ( !    
intellig5ce to curb ! p ( ! valley & ( !
 boggy pla9s1 :]e1 ?r\gh ! baneful      
pres5ce ( ! enemies & ( su* ob/acles z  
deep dit*es1 advanc+ !y lose !mselves1 &
 w\ld be entirely lo/1 if !re 7 n a     
c]ta9 conv]sion t[>ds ! spl5d\r (       
intellectual ?+s ?r\gh ! act (          
contemplation1 by means ( :i* !y are    
conv]t$ f inf]ior degrees to sup]ior    
ones4  ,,cic4 ,:at degrees are ^!8      
,,tans4 ,! degrees ( contemplation are l
 ! degrees ( light1 :i* exi/ n at all 9 
! d>kness1 slightly 9 %ade1 m 9 col\rs1 
accord+ to _! ord]s1 f "o opposite :i*  
is black to ! o!r :i* is :ite2 b m fully
 d !y exi/ 9 ! spl5d\r diffus$ ov] pure 
transp>5t bodies1 z 9 a look+-glass & 9 
! moon1 & /ill m brightly 9 ! rays      
diffus$ by ! sun1 b pr9cipally & mo/    
brilliantly 9 ! sun itself4 ,n[ !       
p]ceptive & ! affectional p[]s are ord]$
 9 ?is way2 ! next foll[+ always has    
aff9ity = ! next prec$+1 & by means (   

conv]sion to t :i* elevates x1 x becomes
 =tifi$ aga9/ ! inf]ior1 :i* l[]s x2 z !
 reason1 ?r\gh its conv]sion to !       
intellect1 is n s$uc$ or vanqui%$ by k  
or compreh5sion or by passionate        
affection1 b r1 accord+ to ! law ( !    
intellect1 x is br\ght to gov]n &       
correct ! same4 ,x comes to ?is1 !re=e1 
t :5 ! rational appetite /rives aga9/   
s5sual concupisc5ce1 if1 by ! act (     
conv]sion1 ! intellectual light is      
pres5t$ to ! eyes1 x causes ! above     
appetite to take up aga9 ! lo/ virtue1 &
 giv+ fre% /r5g? to ! n]ves1 x al>ms &  
puts to r\t ! enemy4  ,,cic4 ,9 :at     
mann] d y mean t su* a conv]sion takes  
place8  ,,tans4 ,) ?ree prep>atives1 :i*
 are not$ by ! contemplative ,plot9us 9 
! book ( ,intellectual ,beauty2 &1 ( ^!1
 ! fir/ is by propos+ to con=m himself  
to a div9e patt]n1 div]t+ ! sight f ?+s 
:i* /& betwe5 him & 8 own p]fection1 &  
:i* are common to ^? ?+s :i* are equal &
 inf]ior4 ,! second is by apply+        
himself1 ) full int5tion & att5tion1 to 

sup]ior ?+s4 ,! ?ird is by br++ into    
captivity to ,god ! :ole w & affection3 
= f ?is x comes to pass t1 )\t d\bt1 !  
div9ity w influ5ce him2 :o is ev]y:]e   
pres5t1 & ready to come to ! aid (      
:osoev] turns to ,him ?r\gh ! act ( !   
intellig5ce1 & :o unres]v$ly pres5ts    
himself ) ! affection ( ! w4  ,,cic4 ,x 
is n !n corporeal beauty :i* c allure   
su* an "o8  ,,tans4 ,no1 c]tes2 because 
9 t !re is no true nor con/ant beauty1 &
 = ?is reason x _c evoke true nor       
con/ant love4 ,t beauty1 :i* is se5 9   
bodies is accid5tal & transitory1 & is l
 ^? :i* are absorb$1 *ang$1 & spoil$ by 
! *ang+ ( ! subject1 :i* v (t51 f be+   
beautiful1 becomes ugly1 )\t any *ange  
tak+ place 9 ! s\l4 ,! reason !n        
compreh5ds ! true/ beauty1 ?r\gh        
conv]sion1 to t :i* makes ! beauty ( !  
body1 & =ms x 9 lovel9ess--x is ! s\l   
:i* has ?us built & design$ x4 ,n[ does 
! intellect rise /ill high]1 & le>ns t !
 s\l is incomp>ably m beautiful ?an any 
beauty t may be 9 bodies2 b yet x _c    

p]suade itself t x is beautiful ( itself
 & prim>ily1 = if x be s1 :at is ! cause
 ( t diff]5ce :i* exi/s 9 ! quality (   
s\ls1 by :i* "s are wise1 amiable1 &    
beautiful1 o!rs /upid1 odi\s1 & ugly4   
,we mu/ !n raise ourselves to t sup]ior 
intellect :i* is beautiful 9 itself &   
good 9 itself4 ,?is is t sole supreme   
capta9 :o alone1 plac$ be=e ! eyes ( !  
militant ?\ghts1 enliv5s1 enc\rages1    
/r5g!ns !m1 & r5d]s !m victori\s above !
 scorn ( e o!r beauty & ! repudiation ( 
e o!r good :atsoev]4 ,?is is ! pres5ce  
:i* causes e difficulty to be ov]come & 
all opposition to be subdu$4  ,,cic4 ,i 
und]/& x all2 b :at is ! mean+ (1 ,may  
,i be happy 9 ?is gov]nance & ) ^!      
bonds1 & may t light n cease8  ,,tans4  
,he means1 & he proves1 t e sort ( love1
 ! great] its dom9ion & ! sur] its hold1
 ! m tight are ! bonds1 & ! m firm !    
yoke1 & ! m ard5t ! flames t are felt1 z
 comp>$ ) ! ord9>y pr9ces & tyrants1 :o 
adopt a great] rig\r :]ev] !y see !y h  
less hold4  ,,cic4 ,g on4   ,,vi4       

,,tans4 ,"h we see describ$ ! idea ( a  
fly+ pho5ix1 t[>ds :i* is turn$ a boy :o
 is burn+ 9 ! mid/ ( flames2 & !re is ! 
leg5d1 ,fata ob/ant4 ,b 9 ord] bett] to 
und]/& x1 let u read ! tablet3  #cj4    
,sole bird ( ! sun1 ?\ w&]+ pho5ix6     
,t measure/ ?y days z does ! _w     ,)  
l(ty summits ( ,arabia ,felix4     ,?\  
art ! same ?\ wa/1 b ,i :at ,i 0 n3     
,i ?r\gh ! fire ( love1 unhappy die2    
,b !e ! sun ) 8 w>m rays revives2       
,?\ burn'/ 9 "o1 & ,i1 9 e place2       
,eros my fire1 :ile ?9e ,apollo gives4  
,pr$e/9$ is ! t]m ( ?y long life2       
,%ort span is m9e1     ,& m5ac$ by a    
?\s& ills4     ,nor d ,i "k h[ ,i h     
liv$1 nor h[ %all live1     ,me does    
bl9d fate conduct2     ,b ?\ wilt come  
aga91 aga9 behold ?y light4  ,f ! mean+ 
( ^! l9es1 y w see t 9 ! figure is drawn
 ! comp>ison betwe5 ! fate ( ! pho5ix & 
t ( ! en?usia/2 & ! leg5d1 ,fata ob/ant1
 does n signify t ! fates are adv]se    
ei!r to ! boy1 or to ! pho5ix1 or to    
bo?2 b t ! fatal decrees = ea* are n !  

same1 b are div]se & opposite4 ,! pho5ix
 is t :i* x 01 because ! same matt]1 by 
means ( ! fire1 r5ews itself1 & becomes 
aga9 ! body ( ! pho5ix1 & ! same _s &   
s\l come to inhabit x4 ,! en?usia/ is t 
:i* he 0 n1 because ! subject1 :i* is a 
man1 0 fir/ ( "s o!r species1 accord+ to
 innum]able diff]5tiations4 ,s t :at !  
pho5ix 01 is kn[n1 & :at x w be1 is     
kn[n2 b ?is subject _c return1 except   
?r\gh _m & unc]ta9 means1 to inve/ !    
same or a simil> natural =m4 ,!n !      
pho5ix1 ?r\gh ! sun's pres5ce1 *anges   
dea? into life1 & t o!r1 by ! pres5ce ( 
love1 transmutes life into dea?4 ,! "o  
k9dles 8 fire on ! aromatic alt>1 ! o!r 
f9ds x ev] pres5t ) him & c>ries x :]ev]
 he goes4 ,! "o aga91 has c]ta9         
conditions ( a long life2 b ! o!r1 ?r\gh
 ! inf9ite diff]5ces ( "t & innum]able  
circum/ances1 has ! mutable conditions (
 a %ort life4 ,! "o k9dles ) c]ta9ty1 ! 
o!r ) d\bt z to :e!r he w see ! sun     
aga94  ,,cic4 ,:at d y ?9k t ?is means8 
,,tans4 ,x means ! diff]5ce t exi/s     

betwe5 ! l[] intellect call$ ! intellect
 ( p[]1 ei!r possible or passive1 :i* is
 unc]ta91 multif>i\s1 & multi=m1 & !    
high] intellect1 :i*1 p]haps1 is l t :i*
 is said by ! ,p]ipatetics to be ! l[e/ 
( ! intellig5ces1 & :i* ex]ts an        
imm$iate influ5ce ov] all ! individuals 
( ! human species1 & is call$ ! active &
 act+ intellect4 ,?is special human     
intellig5ce :i* influ5ces all           
individuals is l ! moon1 :i* p>takes (  
no o!r species b t "o alone :i* always  
r5ews itself by ! transmutation caus$ 9 
x by ! sun1 :i* is ! primal & univ]sal  
intellig5ce2 b ! human intellect1 bo?   
individual & collective1 turns z d !    
eyes t[>ds innum]able & mo/ div]se      
objects2 :5ce1 accord+ to ! inf9ite     
degrees :i* exi/1 x takes on all !      
natural =ms4 ,h5ce x is t ?is p>ticul>  
intellect may be z en?usia/ic1 vague1 & 
unc]ta91 z t univ]sal "o is quiet1 fix$1
 & c]ta91 :e!r z reg>ds ! desire or !   
compreh5sion4 ,n[ !re=e1 z y may v well 
p]ceive = y\rself1 x means t ! nature ( 

! compreh5sion ( s5se & its v>i$        
appetite1 is vague1 incon/ant1 &        
unc]ta91 & ! conception & def9ite       
appetite ( ! intellig5ce is firm &      
/able4 ,?is is ! diff]5ce betwe5 s5sual 
love1 :i* has no /ability nor discretion
 z to its object1 & intellectual love1  
:i* aims only at "o1 sure & fix$1 t[>ds 
:i* x turns1 ?r\gh :i* x is illum9at$ 9 
its conception1 by :i*1 be+ k9dl$ 9 its 
affections1 x becomes inflam$ &         
bright5$1 & is ma9ta9$ 9 unity & id5tity
 ( condition4   ,,vii4  ,,cic4 ,b :at is
 ! mean+ ( t figure ( ! sun1 ) a circle 
inside & ano!r outside1 ) ! leg5d       
,circuit4  ,,tans4 ,! mean+ ( ?is ,i am 
c]ta9 ,i %\ld nev] h und]/ood if ,i _h n
 he>d x f ! design] ( x himself4 ,n[ y  
mu/ "k t ,circuit has ref]5ce to !      
movem5t ! sun makes r\nd ! circle :i* is
 drawn inside & outside1 9 ord] to      
signify t ! movem5t bo? makes & is made2
 & h5ce1 z a consequ5ce1 ! sun is to be 
f\nd 9 e "p ( ^? circles2 s t1 if he    
moves & is mov$1 & is ov] ! :ole        

circumf]5ce ( ! circle equally1 !n y f9d
 9 him bo? movem5t & re/4  ,,cic4 ,?is  
,i und]/ood 9 ! dialogues on ! inf9ite  
univ]se & ! innum]able worlds1 :]e x is 
decl>$ t ! div9e wisdom is extremely    
mobile1 z ,solomon said1 & also t ! same
 is mo/ /able1 z all ^? decl>e :o "k4   
,n[ g on & make me und]/& ! proposition4
  ,,tans4 ,x means t ,d8 sun is n l ?is 
"o1 :i* is commonly believ$ to g r\nd ! 
e>? ) ! daily movem5t 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 
& ) ! planet>y movem5t 9 twelve mon?s1 &
 by :i* he causes ! f\r seasons ( ! ye> 
to be felt1 accord+ z he is f\nd to be 9
 ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! zodiac2 b he is 
su* an "o1 t1 be+ ! e!real et]nity      
itself1 & consequ5tly an entire &       
complete totality1 he conta9s ! w9t]1 ! 
spr+1 ! summ]1 ! autumn1 toge!r ) ! day 
& ! night1 = he is all & = all1 9 all   
po9ts & places4  ,d ,il suo sole4       
,,cic4 ,n[ apply t :i* y h said to !    
figure4  ,,tans4 ,x be+ impossible "h to
 design ! entire sun 9 e po9t ( !       
circle1 two circles are del9eat$2 "o :i*

 conta9s ! sun to signify t ! movem5t is
 made ?r\gh him1 ! o!r :i* is conta9$ by
 ! sun to %[ t he is mov$ by x4  ,,cic4 
,b ?is explanation is n v cle> &        
appropriate4  ,,tans4 ,suffice x t x is 
! cle>e/ & mo/ appropriate t he 0 able  
to make4 ,if y c make a bett] "o1 y %all
 h p]mission to remove ?is "o & put x 9 
its place1 = ?is has only be5 put 91 s t
 ! s\l %\ld n be )\t a body4  ,,cic4    
,:at d y say ab\t t ,circuit8  ,,tans4  
,t leg5d conta9s all ! mean+ ( ! ?+ 9 s 
f> z x c be expla9$1 = x means t he     
turns & is turn$1 t is to say movem5t   
pres5t & accompli%$4  ,,cic4 ,excell5t6 
,& !re=e ^? circles :i* s ill expla9 !  
circum/ance ( movem5t & re/1 we c say   
are plac$ !re to signify ! circulation  
only4 ,?us am ,i satisfi$ ) ! subject & 
) ! =m ( ! h]oic device4 ,n[ read !     
l9es4  ,,tans43  #ca4      ,mild are ?y 
rays1 oh1 ,sol6 f ,taurus s5t1     ,& f 
! ,lion ?y beams mature & burn1     ,&  
:5 ?y light f pung5t ,scorpion d>ts     
,transc5d5t is ! ard\r ( ?y flames4     

,f fi]ce ,deucalion all is /ruck ) cold1
     ,/iff5$ ! lakes & lock$ ! runn+    
/reams4     ,) spr+1 ) summ]1 autumn1 & 
) w9t]1     ,i w>m1 ,i k9dle1 burn &    
blaze = ev]4     ,s ard5t my desire1    
,! object s supreme = :i* ,i burn2      
,gl[+ & un5cumb]$ ,i behold1     ,& make
 my lightn+s fla% unto ! />s4     ,no   
mom5t c ,i c\nt 9 all ! ye>     ,to     
*ange !,e inexorable cross ,i be>4  ,"h 
obs]ve t ! f\r seasons ( ! ye> are      
signifi$1 n by f\r movable signs1 :i*   
are ,aries1 ,canc]1 ,libra1 &           
,capricorn1 b by ! f\r :i* are call$    
fix$--namely1 ,taurus1 ,leo1 ,scorpio1 &
 ,aqu>ius1 to signify ! condition1      
f]v\r1 & p]fection ( ^? seasons4 ,note  
fur!r1 t 9 virtue ( ^? apo/rophes1 :i*  
are 9 ! eigh? l9e1 y c read3 ,i w>m1    
k9dle1 burn1 blaze2 or1 be ?\ w>m$1     
k9dl$1 burn+1 blaz+2 or1 let him w>m1   
k9dle1 burn1 blaze4  ,e ,sordi affanni4 
,y h f>!r to consid] t ^! are n f\r     
synonyms1 b f\r diff]5t t]ms1 :i*       
signify s _m degrees ( ! effects ( !    

fire1 :i* fir/ w>ms1 secondly k9dles1   
?irdly burns1 & f\r?ly blazes or        
inflames t :i* x has w>m$1 k9dl$1 &     
burnt4 ,& ?us are d5ot$ 9 ! en?usia/1   
desire1 att5tion1 /udy1 affection1 9 :i*
 he nev] = a mom5t feels any *ange4     
,,cic4 ,:y does he put !m "u ! title ( a
 cross8  ,,tans4 ,because ! object1 :i* 
is ! div9e light1 is1 9 ?is life1 m felt
 z a pa9ful long+ ?an 9 quiet fruition1 
because our m9d is t[>ds t1 z ! eyes (  
night birds to ! sun4  ,,cic4 ,proce$2 =
 f :at y h said ,i und]/& all4   ,,viii4
  ,,tans4 ,on ! next cre/ !re is pa9t$ a
 full moon & ! leg5d3 ,talis mihi semp] 
ut a/ro1 :i* means t to ! />--t is1 to !
 sun--%e is ev] su* z %e "h %[s h]self1 
full & cle> 9 ! entire circumf]5ce ( !  
circle1 :i*1 9 ord] t y may bett]       
und]/&1 ,i w let y he> t :i* is writt5  
on ! tablet4  #cb4      ,oh1 *angeful   
moon1 incon/ant moon6     ,) horns n[   
full1 n[ void1 ?\ w&]e/4     ,m\nt+1 ?y 
sph]e n[ :ite n[ d>k appe>s4     ,!     
m\nta9s & ! valleys ( ! nor? ?\         

bright5e/1     ,& turn+ by ?y           
du/-encumb]$ /eps1     ,?\ lighte/ 9 !  
s\? ! ,lybian heights4     ,my moon = my
 cont9ual pa94     ,is con/ant ev]1 ev] 
full4     ,s is my />1     ,:i* ev] f me
 takes & no?+ gives1     ,= ev] burns & 
ev] %9es1     ,cruel always yet always  
beautiful4     ,?is noble light ( m9e   
,torm5ts me /ill & /ill delights me4  ,x
 seems to me1 t x means t 8 p>ticul>    
intellig5ce is to ! univ]sal intellig5ce
 ev] ! same--t is to say1 ! "o is ev]   
illum9at$ by ! o!r1 ov] ! :ole          
hemisph]e2 not)/&+ t to ! inf]ior p[]s1 
& accord+ to ! influ5ce ( 8 actions1 x  
appe>s n[ d>k1 & n[ m & less cle>4 ,or  
p]haps x means t 8 speculative          
intellect1 :i* is ev] inv>iable 9 its   
action1 is always turn$ & affect$ t[>ds 
! human intellig5ce signifi$ by ! moon4 
,because1 z ?is is said to be ! l[e/ (  
all ! />s1 & is ne>e/ to u1 s !         
illum9at+ intellig5ce ( all ( u 9 ?is   
/ate is ! la/ 9 ord] ( ! o!r            
intellig5ces1 z ,av]roes & ! m subtle   

,p]ipatetics say4 ,t intellig5ce1 9 s f>
 z x is n 9 any act1 goes d[n be=e1 or  
sets to ! pot5tial intellect1 or z if s 
to say1 x em]g$ f ! bottom ( ! occult   
hemisph]e1 & %[$ itself n[ void1 n[     
full1 accord+ z x gives m or less light 
( intellig5ce4 ,n[ its sph]e is d>k1 n[ 
light1 because sometimes x %[s itself z 
a %ad[1 a semblance1 & a ve/ige1 &      
sometimes m & m op5ly3 n[ x decl9es     
t[>ds ! s\?1 n[ x m\nts t[>ds ! nor?--t 
is1 n[ x removes f>!r & f>!r away1 & n[ 
x approa*es ne>] & ne>]4 ,b ! intellect1
 active ) its cont9ual grief--see+ t x  
is n ?r\gh its human condition & nature 
t x f9ds itself s wret*$1 s oppos$1     
c\rt$1 solicit$1 di/ract$1 &1 z x 71    
torn by ! inf]ior p[]s--sees its object 
/able1 fix$ & con/ant1 & ev] full1 & 9 !
 same spl5d\r ( beauty4 ,?us x ev] takes
 away1 9 s f> z x does n conc$e1 & ev]  
gives1 9 s f> z x conc$es4 ,x ev] burns 
9 ! affection 9 s f> z x %9es 9 ?\ghts1 
& is always cruel 9 )draw+ itself ?r\gh 
t :i* )draws itself2 z x is always      

beautiful 9 communication )1 t to :i* x 
pres5ts itself4 ,always does x torm5t :5
 x is divid$ f him by diff]5ce (        
locality1 z always x delights him be+   
jo9$ to x by affection4  ,,cic4 ,n[     
apply y\r intellig5ce to ! leg5d4       
,,tans4 ,he says !n1 talis mihi semp]2 t
 is1 because ( ! cont9ual application ( 
my intellect1 my memory1 & my w1 because
 ,i w rememb]1 und]/& & desire no o!r2  
%e is ev] ! same to me1 & 9 s f> z ,i c 
und]/& h]1 %e is entirely pres5t1 & is n
 sep>at$ f me by any di/raction ( my    
?\ghts1 nor does %e become d>k5$ to me  
?r\gh any want ( att5tion1 = !re is no  
?\ght t c div]t me f t light nor any    
necessity ( nature :i* =ces me to a less
 con/ant att5tion2 talis mihi semp] on  
h] side1 because %e is inv>iable 9      
sub/ance1 9 virtue1 9 beauty1 & 9       
effect1 t[>ds ^? ?+s t are con/ant &    
inv>iable t[>ds h]4 ,%e says fur!r1 ut  
a/ro1 because 9 respect ( ! sun1 !      
illum9ator ( h]1 %e is ev] equally      
lum9\s1 see+ t %e is ev] turn$ equally  

t[>ds him1 & he at ! same "t diffuses 8 
rays equally4 ,z1 physically1 ?is moon t
 we see ) ! eyes1 al?\gh t[>ds ! e>? %e 
appe>s n[ d>k1 n[ %9+1 n[ m1 n[ less    
illum9at$ & illum9at+1 yet is %e ev]    
equally irradiat$ by ! sun1 because %e  
always reflects 8 rays ov] at lea/ !    
:ole ( h] hemisph]e4 ,s also is !       
hemisph]e ( ?is e>? ev] equally         
irradiat$1 al?\gh f ! wat]y surfaces %e 
f "t to "t s5ds h] spl5d\rs unequally to
 ! moon1--:i* l innum]able o!r />s we   
consid] z ano!r e>?--9 ! same mann]1 %e 
also s5ds h]s to ! e>?1 on acc\nt ( !   
p]iodical *anges :i* bo? exp]i5ce 9 f9d+
 !mselves n[ ! "o1 n[ ! o!r1 ne>] to !  
sun4  ,,cic4 ,h[ c ?is intellig5ce be   
signifi$ by ! moon :i* lights up !      
hemisph]e8  ,,tans4 ,all ! intellig5ces 
are signifi$ by ! moon1 9 s f> z !y are 
%>]s 9 act & 9 p[]1 9 s f> z !y h !     
light mat]ially & by p>ticipation1      
receiv+ x f ano!r2 ,i say t1 z n be+    
lights ( !mselves1 nor by _! own nature1
 b by reflection f ! sun1 :i* is ! fir/ 

intellig5ce1 :i* is pure & absolute     
light1 z x is also pure & absolute      
action4  ,,cic4 ,all ^? ?+s1 !n1 t are  
dep5d5t1 & are n ! fir/ act & cause1 are
 !y compos$ ( light & %ade1 ( matt] &   
=m1 ( p[] & action8  ,,tans4 ,x is s4   
,fur!rmore ?is s\l ( ours1 9 all its    
sub/ance1 is signifi$ by ! moon :i* %9es
 ?r\gh ! hemisph]e ( ! sup]ior p[]s1 by 
:i* x is turn$ t[>ds ! light ( !        
intelligible _w1 & is d>k ?r\gh !       
inf]ior p[]s1 by :i* x is occupi$ )     
mat]ial ?+s4   ,,ix4  ,,cic4 ,x seems to
 me t :at has j be5 said has "s         
connection & analogy ) ! impression t ,i
 see on ! next %ield1 :]e /&s a gn>l$ & 
rugg$ oak1 aga9/ :i* ! w9d is rag+1 & x 
is circumscrib$ by ! leg5d1 ut robori   
robur1 & "h is ! tablet1 :i* says3  #cc4
      ,old oak1 t spread'/ ?y bran*es to
 ! air1     ,& firmly 9 ! e>? do/ fix ?y
 roots2     ,no %ift+ ( ! l&1 no mighty 
elem5ts1     ,:i* ,heav5 f ! /ormy nor? 
unlocks2     ,nor :atso'er ! gruesome   
w9t] s5ds1     ,c te> !e f ! spot :]e ?\

 art *a9$4     ,?\ art ! v]itable       
portrait ( my fai?1     ,:i*1 fix$1     
rema9s 'ga9/ e casual *ance4     ,ev] ! 
self-same gr\nd do/ ?\     ,grasp1      
cultivate & compreh5d2 & /ret*     ,?y  
grateful roots unto ! g5]\s brea/4      
,^u "o only object ,i     ,h fix$ my _s1
 s5se1 & intellect4  ,,tans4 ,! leg5d is
 cle>1 by :i* ! en?usia/ boa/s ( hav+ ! 
/r5g? & vig\r ( ! oak1 & z be=e said (  
be+ ev] ! same 9 respect to ! "o only   
pho5ix1 & 9 ! next prec$+ "o1 con=m+    
himself to t moon :i* ev] %9es s        
brightly & is s beautiful1 & also 9 t he
 does n resemble ?is anti*?on betwe5 our
 e>? & ! sun 9 s f> z x *anges to our   
eyes1 b 9 t x ev] receives )9 itself an 
equal am\nt ( ! sol> spl5d\r1 & ?r\gh   
?is rema9s con/ant & firm aga9/ ! r\gh  
w9ds & tempe/s ( w9t]1 ?r\gh ! /ability 
t he has 9 8 />1 9 :i* he is plant$ by  
affection & int5tion1 z ! roots ( ! oak 
twi/ & weave !mselves into ! ve9s ( !   
e>?4  ,,cic4 ,i hold x bett] wor? liv+ 9
 quiet & )\t vexation ?an to be =c$ to  

endure s mu*4  ,,tans4 ,t is a maxim ( !
 ,epicureans :i*1 be+ well und]/ood1    
w\ld n be consid]$ s unwor?y z !        
ignorant hold x to be1 see+ t x does n  
detract f :at ,i h call$ virtue1 nor    
does x impair ! p]fection ( firmness1 b 
x r adds to t p]fection z x is und]/ood 
by ! vulg>1 = ,epicurus does n hold t1 a
 true & complete /r5g? & firmness :i*   
feels & be>s inconv5i5ces1 b t :i* be>s 
!m & feels !m n4 ,he does n consid] him 
p]fect 9 div9e h]oic love1 :o feels !   
spur1 ! *eck1 or remorse or tr\ble ab\t 
o!r love2 b him :o has no feel+ ( o!r   
affections2 s t be+ fix$ 9 "o pleasure1 
!re is no displeasure t has any p[] to  
jo/le him or dislodge him f 8 place4 ,& 
?is x is to t\* ! highe/ bless$ness (   
?is /ate1 to h rapture & no s5se ( pa94 
,,cic4 ,! ignorant d n believe 9 ?is    
mean+ ( ,epicurus4  ,,tans4 ,because !y 
nei!r read 8 own books1 nor ^? t report 
8 maxims )\t invidi\sness1 b !re are ^? 
:o read ! c\rse ( 8 life & ! conditions 
( 8 dea?1 :]e ) ^! words he dictat$ !   

beg9n+ ( 8 te/am5t3 ,be+ 9 ! la/1 & at !
 same "t1 ! happie/ day ( our life1 we h
 orda9$ ?is ) a heal?y1 tranquil m9d at 
re/2 = :atev] acute sorr[ may torm5t u f
 "o side1 t torm5t is entirely annull$  
by ! pleasure ( our own inv5tions & !   
consid]ation ( our end4 ,& x is manife/ 
t he no long] felt m pleasure ?an sorr[ 
9 eat+1 dr9k+1 repose1 & 9 g5]at+1 b 9 n
 feel+ hung]1 nor ?ir/1 nor fatigue1 nor
 s5suality4 ,f ?is may be und]/ood :at  
is accord+ to u ! p]fection ( firmness2 
n 9 ?is1 t ! tree nei!r b5ds nor breaks1
 nor is r5t1 b 9 t x does n s mu* z /ir1
 & its prototype keeps _s1 s5se1 &      
intellect1 fix$ !re1 :]e ! %ock ( !     
tempe/ is n felt4  ,,cic4 ,d y !n ?9k x 
is a ?+ to be desir$1 to be> %ocks 9    
ord] to prove t y are /rong8  ,,tans4 ,y
 say to be>2 & ?is is a "p ( firmness1 b
 x is n ! :ole ( t virtue1 :i* consi/s 9
 be>+ /rongly1 z ,i say1 or 9 n feel+1 z
 ,epicurus said4 ,n[ ?is loss ( feel+ is
 caus$ by be+ entirely absorb$ 9 !      
cultivation ( virtue1 or ( real good &  

felicity1 9 su* wise t ,regulus did n   
feel ! *e/1 ,lucretia ! dagg]1 ,socrates
 ! poison1 ,anaxagoras ! mort>1 ,scvola 
! fire1 ,cocles ! abyss1 & o!r wor?ies  
felt n ^? ?+s :i* w\ld torm5t & fill )  
t]ror ! vulg> cr[d4  ,,cic4 ,n[ pass on4
   ,x4  ,,tans4 ,look at ?is o!r :o be>s
 ! device ( an anvil & a hamm]1 r\nd :i*
 is ! leg5d ab ,aetna6 ,b "h ,vulcan is 
introduc$3  #cd4      ,n n[ to my       
,sicilian m\nt ,i turn1     ,:]e ?\ do/ 
=ge ! ?und]bolts ( ,jove1     ,"h1 rugg$
 ,vulcan w ,i /ay2     ,"h1 :]e a pr\d] 
giant moves1     ,:o burns & rages aga9/
 ,heav5 9 va91     ,solicit+ new c>es & 
div]s trials4     ,"h is a bett] smi? & 
,mongibello,f     ,a bett] anvil1 bett] 
=ge & hamm]2     ,= "h behold a bosom   
full ( sighs1     ,:i* bl[s ! furnace & 
! fire revives4     ,! s\l nor yields   
nor b5ds to ^! r\gh bl[s1     ,b be>s   
exult+ ?is long m>tyrdom1     ,& makes a
 h>mony f ^! %>p pangs4  ,f ,m\nt ,etna4
  ,"h are %[n ! pa9s & tr\bles :i* beset
 love1 pr9cipally love ( a l[ k9d1 :i*  

is no o!r ?an ! =ge ( ,vulcan1 t smi? :o
 makes ! bolts ( ,jove :i* torm5t (f5d+ 
s\ls4 ,= ill-ord]$ love has 9 itself !  
beg9n+ ( its own pa91 see+ t !re is a   
,god ne> u1 9 u1 & ) u4 ,!re is 9 u a   
c]ta9 sacr$ m9d & intellig5ce1 :i*      
supplies an affection ( its own1 :i* has
 its own av5g]1 :i*1 ?r\gh remorse =    
c]ta9 %ortcom+s1 flagellates !          
transgress+ _s z ) a hamm]4 ,x notes our
 actions & our affections1 & z x is     
treat$ by u1 s are we treat$ by x4 ,9 e 
lov] ,i say !re is ?is smi? ,vulcan1 & z
 !re is no man t has n a god )9 him1 s  
!re is no lov] t has n a god )9 him1 &  
no lov] )9 :om ?is god is n4 ,mo/       
c]ta9ly !re is a god 9 e man1 b :at god 
x is 9 ea* "o is n s easy to "k4 ,& ev5 
?\gh we %\ld exam9e & di/+ui%1 yet d ,i 
believe t none o!r ?an ,love c\ld decl>e
 x1 he be+ ! "o :o pulls ! o>s1 & fills 
! sails1 & modifies ?is comp\nd1 s t x  
comes to be well or ill affect$4 ,i say 
well or ill affect$ z to t :i* x puts 9 
execution ?r\gh ! moral actions & ?r\gh 

contemplation2 = ! re/1 all lov]s are   
apt to exp]i5ce "s difficulties1 ?+s be+
 z !y are1 s entangl$2 !re be+ no good  
:atev]1 ei!r ( conception or ( !        
affections1 :i* is n jo9$ to or /&s 9   
opposition to evil1 z !re is no tru? :i*
 is n jo9$ or oppos$ to :at is false1 s 
!re is no love )\t fe>1 ard\r1 jeal\sy1 
ranc\r1 & o!r passions1 :i* proce$ f _! 
opposites1 & :i* di/urb u1 z ! o!r      
opposite causes satisfaction4 ,?us ! s\l
 /riv+ to recov] its natural beauty     
seeks to purify itself1 to heal itself1 
& to re=m itself1 & to ?is end x uses   
fire1 because1 be+ l gold1 mix$ ) e>? & 
crude1 ) a c]ta9 rig\r x tries to       
lib]ate itself f defilem5t1 & ?is result
 is obta9$ :5 ! intellect1 ! real smi? (
 ,jove1 puts itself to ! "w & causes an 
active ex]cise ( ! intellectual p[]s4   
,,cic4 ,x seems to me t ?is is ref]r$ to
 9 ! ,banquet ( ,plato1 :]e x says t    
,love has inh]it$ f 8 "m1 ,pov]ty1 t    
dri$-up1 ?91 pale1 b>e-foot$1 &         
submissive condition )\t a home1 )\t    

any?+1 & ?r\gh ^! is signifi$ ! torture 
( ! s\l t is torn ) contr>y affections4 
,,tans4 ,s x is2 because ! _s1 full (   
?is en?usiasm1 becomes absorb$ 9 pr(\nd 
?\ghts1 /rick5 ) urg5t c>es1 k9dl$ )    
f]v5t desires1 excit$ by frequ5t crises3
 :5ce ! s\l1 f9d+ itself 9 susp5se1     
becomes less dilig5t & active 9 !       
gov]nm5t ( ! body ?r\gh ! acts ( !      
vegetative p[]2 ?us ! body becomes lean1
 ill-n\ri%$1 att5uat$1 poor 9 blood1 &  
ri* 9 melan*oly hum\rs1 & ^!1 if !y d n 
adm9i/] to ! discipl9$ s\l1 or to a cle>
 & lucid _s1 may lead to insanity1      
folly1 & brutal fury1 or at lea/ to a   
c]ta9 disreg>d ( self1 & a contempt (   
its own be+1 :i* is symboliz$ by ,plato 
9 ! b>e feet4 ,love becomes subject$ &  
flies sudd5ly d[n to e>? :5 x is atta*$ 
to l[ ?+s1 b flies high :5 x is fix$ ^u 
m wor?y ent]prises4 ,9 conclusion1      
:atev] love x may be1 x is ev] afflict$ 
& torm5t$ 9 su* a way t x _c fail to    
supply mat]ial = ! =ge ( ,vulcan2       
because ! s\l1 be+ a div9e ?+1 & by     

nature1 n a s]vant b ! mi/ress (        
corporeal matt]1 %e becomes tr\bl$ 9 t  
%e volunt>ily s]ves ! body :]e9 %e f9ds 
no?+ to satisfy h]1 & albeit1 fix$ 9 !  
?+ lov$1 yet n[ & !n %e becomes agitat$1
 & fluctuates amid/ ! waves ( hope1 fe>1
 d\bt1 ard\r1 consci5ce1 remorse1       
det]m9ation1 rep5tance1 & o!r sc\rges1  
:i* are ! bell[s1 ! coals1 ! =ge1 !     
hamm]1 ! p9c]s1 & o!r in/rum5ts :i* are 
f\nd 9 ! work%op ( ! sordid grimy       
consort ( ,v5us4  ,,cic4 ,en\gh has be5 
said ^u ?is subject4 ,let u see :at     
foll[s4   ,,xi4  ,,tans4 ,"h is a gold5 
apple1 ri* ) v>i\s k9ds ( preci\s       
enamel1 & !re is a leg5d ab\t x :i*     
says1 ,pul*riori detur4  ,,cic4 ,!      
allusion to ! fact ( ! ?ree goddesses :o
 submitt$ !mselves to ! judgm5t ( ,p>is 
is v common4 ,b read ! l9es :i* m       
specifically disclose ! mean+ ( ! pres5t
 en?usia/4  ,,tans43  #ce4      ,v5us1 !
 goddess ( ! ?ird heav5     7,"m ( !    
ar*] bl9d1 :o conqu]s all71     ,%e ^:  
fa!r is ! head ( ,zeus1     ,& ,juno1   

mo/ maje/ic wife ( ,jove1     ,^! call !
 ,trojan %eph]d to be judge1     ,& to !
 faire/ give ! ruddy sph]e4     ,comp>$ 
) ,v5us1 ,pallas1 & ! ,que5 ( ,heav51   
,my p]fect goddess be>s away ! palm4    
,! ,cyprian que5 may boa/ h] royal      
limbs1     ,m9]va *>m ) h] transc5d5t   
wit1     ,& ,juno ) a maje/y supreme2   
,b %e :o holds my he>t all ^! excels    
,9 wisdom1 maje/y1 & lovel9ess4  ,"h he 
makes a comp>ison betwe5 8 object 7or   
ideal7 :i* comprises all circum/ances1  
all conditions1 & all k9ds ( beauty1 9  
"o subject1 & o!rs :i* exhibit ea* only 
"o1 & t ?r\gh v>i\s hypo!ses1 z )       
corporeal beauty1 all ! conditions ( :i*
 ,apelles c\ld n f9d 9 "o1 b 9 _m       
virg9s4 ,n[ "h1 :]e !re are ?ree k9ds ( 
! beautiful1 al?\gh x seems t all ( ^!  
exi/ 9 ea* ( ! ?ree goddesses--,v5us n  
be+ f\nd want+ 9 wisdom & maje/y1 ,juno 
n lack+ lovel9ess & wisdom1 & ,pallas   
be+ full ( maje/y & beauty1 9 ea* case x
 is a fact t "o quality exce$s ! o!rs1 s
 t x comes to be held z di/9ctive ( !   

"o1 & ! o!r z incid5tal to all1 see+ t (
 ^? ?ree gifts1 "o pr$om9ates 9 ea* &   
proclaims h] sov]eign ov] ! o!rs4 ,& !  
cause ( ?is diff]5ce lies 9 ! fact (    
possess+ ^! qualities1 n prim>ily & 9 _!
 ess5ce1 b by p>ticipation & d]ivation2 
z 9 all ?+s :i* are dep5d5t1 _!         
p]fection dep5ds ^u ! degrees ( major & 
m9or & m & less4 ,b 9 ! simplicity ( !  
div9e ess5ce1 all exi/s 9 totality1 & n 
accord+ to any measure1 & !re=e wisdom  
is n great] ?an beauty & maje/y1 &      
goodness is n great] ?an /r5g?3 n only  
are till ! attributes equal1 !y are "o &
 ! same ?+4 ,z 9 ! sph]e all ! dim5sions
 are n only equal1 ! l5g? be+ equal to !
 dep? & bread?1 b are also id5tical1    
see+ t :at 9 a sph]e is call$ deep1 may 
also be call$ long & wide4 ,likewise is 
x1 z to height 9 div9e wisdom1 :i* is ! 
same z ! dep? ( p[] & ! bread? (        
goodness4 ,all ^! p]fections are equal1 
because !y are inf9ite4 ,( necessity1 "o
 is accord+ to ! sum ( ! o!r1 see+ t :]e
 ?+s are f9ite x may result 9 ?is1 t x  

is m wise ?an beautiful or good1 m good 
& beautiful ?an wise1 m wise & good ?an 
p[]ful1 & m p[]ful ?an good or wise4 ,b 
:]e !re is inf9ite wisdom !re _c be o!r 
?an inf9ite p[]1 o!rwise !re w\ld be no 
inf9ite k4 ,:]e !re is inf9ite goodness 
!re mu/ be inf9ite wisdom1 o!rwise !re  
w\ld be no inf9ite goodness4 ,:]e !re is
 inf9ite p[] !re mu/ be inf9ite goodness
 & wisdom1 because !re is ! be+ able to 
"k & ! kn[+ to be able4 ,n[1 obs]ve h[ !
 object ( ?is en?usia/1 :o is1 z x 71   
inebriat$ ) ! dr9k ( ! gods1 is         
incomp>ably high] ?an o!rs :i* are      
diff]5t4 ,i mean to say t ! div9e ess5ce
 compreh5ds 9 ! v highe/ degree         
p]fection ( all k9ds1 s t accord+ to !  
degree 9 :i* ?is p>ticul> =m may h      
p>ticipat$1 he c und]/& all1 d all1 & be
 su* an atta*$ fri5d to "o t he may come
 to feel contempt & indiff]5ce t[>ds e  
o!r beauty4 ,!re=e to h] %\ld be        
consecrat$ ! sph]ical apple z to h] :o  
seems to be all 9 all2 n to ,v5us1 :o is
 beautiful b is surpass$ 9 wisdom by    

,m9]va1 & by ,juno 9 maje/y2 n to       
,pallas ?an :om ,v5us is m beautiful1 & 
! o!r m magnific5t2 n to ,juno1 :o is n 
! goddess ( intellig5ce or ( love4      
,,cic4 ,truly1 z are ! degrees ( ,nature
 & ( ! ess5ces1 s 9 proportion are !    
degrees ( ! intelligible ord]s & !      
glories ( ! amor\s affections &         
en?usiasms4   ,,xii4  ,,cic4 ,! foll[+  
be>s a head ) f\r faces1 :i* bl[ t[>ds !
 f\r corn]s ( ! heav5s1 & are f\r w9ds 9
 "o subject2 above ^! /& two />s1 & 9 ! 
c5tre ! leg5d ,novae ortae aeoliae4 ,i  
w\ld l to "k :at t signifies4  ,,tans4  
,i ?9k t ! mean+ ( ?is device is        
consequ5t ^u t :i* prec$es x1 =1 z !re !
 object is decl>$ to be inf9ite beauty1 
s "h is propos$ :at may be call$ a      
simil> aspiration1 /udy1 affection1 &   
desire4 ,i believe t ^! w9ds are set to 
signify sighs2 b ?is we %all see :5 we  
come to read ! l9es3  #cf4      ,sons ( 
! ,titan ,a/ru & ,aurora1     ,:o tr\ble
 heav51 e>?1 & ! wide sea1     ,leave n[
 ?is /ormy w> ( elem5ts1     ,& fight   

anon ) ! high gods4     ,no m 9 my olian
 caves ye dwell1     ,no m does my      
re/ra9+ p[] compel2     ,b caught are ye
 & clos$ )9 t brea/1     ,) moans & sobs
 & bitt] sighs oppre/4     ,turbul5t    
bro!rs ( ! />s1     ,companions ( !     
tempe/s ( ! seas1     ,^? lights are all
 t may avail     ,peace to re/ore2      
murd]\s yet innoc5t2     ,:i*1 op5 or   
conceal$1     ,w bless ) calm1 or curse 
) pride4  ,evid5tly1 "h1 olus is        
introduc$ z speak+ to ! w9ds1 :i* he    
decl>es are no long] temp]$ by him 9 !  
olian cav]ns1 b by two />s 9 ! brea/ (  
?is en?usia/4 ,"h1 ! two />s d n mean ! 
two eyes :i* are 9 ! =ehead1 b ! two    
appreciable k9ds ( div9e beauty &       
goodness1 ( t inf9ite spl5d\r1 :i* s    
influ5ces intellectual & rational       
desire1 t x br+s him to a condition (   
inf9ite aspiration1 accord+ to ! way & !
 degree ) :i* he comes to compreh5d t   
glori\s light4 ,= love1 :ile x is f9ite1
 cont5t$1 & fix$ 9 a c]ta9 measure1 is n
 9 ! =m ( ! species ( div9e beauty1 b z 

x goes on ) ev] high] aspirations1 x may
 be said to v]ge t[>ds ! inf9ite4       
,,cic44 ,h[ is brea?+ made to mean      
aspir+8 ,:at relation has desire ) !    
w9ds8  ,,tans4 ,:osoev] 9 ?is pres5t    
condition aspires1 also sighs1 & ! same 
brea!s2 & !re=e ! vehem5ce ( !          
aspiration is not$ by ! hi]oglyph (     
/rong brea?+4  ,,cic4 ,b !re is a       
diff]5ce betwe5 sigh+ & brea?+4  ,,tans4
 ,!re=e x is n put z if "o /ood = ! o!r1
 or z be+ id5tical1 b z be+ simil>4     
,,cic4 ,g on !n ) our proposition4      
,,tans4 ,! inf9ite aspiration !n1       
indicat$ by ! sighs & symboliz$ by !    
w9ds1 is n "u ! dom9ion ( olus 9 ! olic 
cav]ns1 b ( ! a=em5tion$ two lights1 :i*
 are n only blameless1 b b5evol5t 9     
kill+ ! en?usia/1 inasmu* z !y cause him
 to die to e o!r ?+1 except ! absorb+   
affection2 at ! same "t1 !y1 be+ clos$ &
 conceal$1 r5d] him unquiet1 & be+ op51 
!y w tranquillize him1 because at ?is   
"t1 :5 ! eyes ( ! human m9d 9 ?is body  
are cov]$ ) a nebul\s veil1 ! s\l1 ?r\gh

 su* /udies1 becomes tr\bl$ & h>ass$1 & 
he be+ ?us torn & goad$1 w atta9 only t 
am\nt ( quiet z w satisfy ! condition ( 
8 nature4  ,,cic44 ,h[ c our f9ite      
intellect foll[ aft] ! inf9ite ideal8   
,,tans4 ,?r\gh ! inf9ite pot5cy x       
possesses4  ,,cic4 ,?is w\ld be useless1
 if ev] x came into effect4  ,,tans4 ,x 
w\ld be useless1 if x _h to d ) a f9ite 
action1 :]e inf9ite pot5cy w\ld be      
want+1 b n ) ! inf9ite action :]e       
inf9ite pot5cy is positive p]fection4   
,,cic4 ,if ! human intellect is f9ite 9 
nature & 9 act1 h[ c x h an inf9ite     
pot5cy8  ,,tans4 ,because x is et]nal1 &
 9 ?is ev] has delight1 s t x enjoys    
happ9ess )\t end or measure2 & because1 
z x is f9ite 9 itself1 s x may be       
inf9ite 9 ! object4  ,,cic4 ,:at        
diff]5ce is !re betwe5 ! inf9ity ( !    
object & ! inf9ity ( ! pot5tiality8     
,,tans4 ,?is is f9itely inf9ite1 & t    
inf9itely inf9ite4 ,b to return to      
ourselves4 ,! leg5d !re says3 ,nov ,lip>
 oli1 because x seems z if we are to    

believe t all ! w9ds :i* are 9 ! abysmal
 cav]ns ( olus 7 conv]t$ into sighs1 if 
we include ^? :i* proce$ f ! affection1 
:i* aspires cont9ually to ! highe/ good 
& to ! inf9ite beauty4   ,,xiii4  ,,cic4
 ,"h we see ! signification ( t burn+   
light ar\nd :i* is writt53 ,ad vitam1   
non ad horam4  ,,tans4 ,p]si/5ce 9 su* a
 love & ard5t desire ( true goodness1 by
 :i* 9 ?is temporal /ate ! en?usia/ is  
consum$4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is %[n 9 ! foll[+
 tablet3  #cg4,transcrib]s ,note3       
,orig9al s\rce said #cd      ,g,:at "t !
 day removes ! ori5t vault1     ,! ru/ic
 peasant leaves 8 humble home1     ,& :5
 ! sun ) fi]c] tang5t /rikes1           
,fatigu$ & p>*$1 he sits him 9 ! %ade2  
,!n plods aga9 ) h>d1 labori\s toil1    
,until black night ! hemisph]e en%r\ds4 
,& !n he re/s4 ,b ,i mu/ ev] *afe       
,at morn+1 noon-day1 ev5+1 & at night4  
,^! fi]y rays     ,:i* /ream f ^? two   
ar*es ( my sun1     ,ne'er fade f !     
horizon ( my s\l4     ,s wills my fate2 
,b blaz+ e h\r     ,f _! m]idian !y burn

 ! afflict$ he>t4  ,g ,qu&o il s5       
d'ori5te il giorno sgombra4  ,,cic4 ,?is
 tablet expresses ) great] tru? ?an     
p]spicacity ! s5se ( ! figure4  ,,tans44
 ,x is n necess>y = me to make any ef=t 
to po9t out to y ! appropriat5ess1 z x  
only requires a little att5tive         
consid]ation4 ,! rays ( ! sun are ! ways
 9 :i* ! div9e beauty & goodness manife/
 !mselves to u2 & !y are fi]y because !y
 _c be compreh5d$ by ! intellect )\t at 
! same "t k9dl+ ! affections4 ,! two    
ar*es ( ! sun are ! two k9ds (          
revelation1 t s*ola/ic !ologians call   
e>ly & late1 :5ce our illum9at+         
intellig5ce1 z an airy m$ium1 d$uces t  
species1 ei!r 9 virtue1 :i* x           
contemplates 9 itself1 or 9 efficacy1   
:i* x beholds 9 its effects4 ,! horizon 
( ! s\l1 9 ?is place1 is t "p ( !       
sup]ior pot5tialities :]e ! vigor\s     
impulse ( ! affection comes to aid !    
lively compreh5sion ( ! intellect1 be+  
signifi$ by ! he>t1 :i*1 burn+ at all   
h\rs1 torm5ts itself2 because all ^?    

fruits ( love t we c ga!r 9 ?is /ate are
 n s sweet t !y h n unit$ ) !m a c]ta9  
affliction1 :i* proce$s f ! fe> (       
imp]fect fruition3 z especially occurs 9
 ! fruits ( natural affection1 !        
condition ( :i* ,i _c d bett] ?an expla9
 9 ! words ( ! ,epicurean poet3      ,ex
 hom9is v]a facie1 pul*roque colore     
,nil datur 9 corpus prt] simulacra      
fru5dum     ,t5uia1 qu v5to spes captat 
spe misella4     ,ut bib]e 9 somnis     
siti5s cum qurit1 et humor     ,non     
datur1 ardorem 9 membris qui /+u]e      
possit1     ,s$ laticum simulacra petit1
 fru/raque laborat1     ,9 m$ioque sitit
 torr5ti flum9e potans3     ,sic 9 amore
 ,v5us simulacris ludit amantis1        
,nec sati>e queunt spect&o corpora      
coram1     ,nec manibus quicquam t5]is  
abrad]e membris     ,possunt1 errantes  
inc]ti corpore toto4     ,d5ique cum    
membris conlatis flore fruuntur         
tatis1 dum jam prsagit gaudia corpus1   
,atque 9 eo e/ ,v5us1 ut muliebria      
cons]at arva1     ,adfigunt avide       

corpus1 iunguntque salivas     ,oris1 et
 inspirant pressantes d5tibus ora1      
,necquiquam1 quoniam nihil inde abrad]e 
possunt1     ,nec p5etr>e1 et abire 9   
corpus corpore toto4  ,9 ! same way1 he 
judges z to ! k9d ( ta/e t we c h (     
div9e ?+s1 :i*1 :ile we =ce ourselves to
 p5etrate1 & unite ) !m1 we f9d t we h m
 pa9 9 ! desire ?an pleasure 9 !        
realization4 ,& ?is may h be5 ! reason  
:y t wise ,hebrew said t he :o increases
 k increases pa92 because f1 ! great]   
compreh5sion gr[s ! great] desire4 ,&   
?is is foll[$ by great] vexation & grief
 = ! deprivation ( ! ?+ desir$4 ,s !    
,epicurean1 :o l$ a mo/ tranquil life1  
said opportunely3      ,s$ fugit>e decet
 simulacra1 et pabula amoris            
,ab/]g]e sibi1 atque alio conv]t]e      
m5tem1     ,nec s]v>e sibi curam        
c]tumque dolorem3     ,ulcus enim       
virescit1 et invet]ascit al5do1         
,inque dies gliscit furor1 atque rumna  
gravescit4     ,nec ,v5]is fructu c>et  
is1 qui vitat amorem1     ,s$ potius1 qu

 sunt1 s9e po5a1 commoda sumit4  ,,cic4 
,:at is meant by ! m]idian ( ! he>t8    
,,tans4 ,t "p or region ( ! w :i* is    
highe/ & mo/ exalt$1 & :]e x becomes mo/
 /rongly1 cle>ly1 & effectually k9dl$4  
,he means t su* affection is n z 9 its  
beg9n+1 :]e x /irs1 nor z at ! end1 :]e 
x reposes1 b z 9 ! middle1 :]e x becomes
 f]vid4   ,,xiv4  ,,cic4 ,b :at means t 
gl[+ arr[1 :i* has flames 9 place ( a   
h>d po9t1 ar\nd :i* is encircl$ a noose 
) ! leg5d3 ,amor in/at ut in/ans8 ,say1 
:at does x mean8  ,,tans4 ,x seems to me
 to mean t love nev] leaves him1 & at ! 
same "t et]nally afflicts him4  ,,cic4  
,i see ! noose1 ! arr[1 & ! fire4 ,i    
und]/& t :i* is writt53 ,amor in/at2 b t
 :i* foll[s ,i _c und]/&--t is1 t love z
 an in/ant1 or p]si/+1 p]si/s2 :i* has !
 same pov]ty ( idea z if "o said3 ,?is  
und]tak+ he has feign$ z a fe9t2 he be>s
 x z he be>s x1 und]/&s x z he und]/&s  
x1 values x z he values x1 & e/eems x z 
he :o e/eems x4  ,,tans4 ,x is easy =   
him to decide & condemn :o does n ev5   

consid]4 ,t in/ans is n an adjective f !
 v]b in/>e1 b x is a n\n sub/antive us$ 
= ! in/ant ( "t4  ,,cic4 ,n[1 :at is !  
mean+ ( ! phrase love endures z an      
in/ant8  ,,tans44 ,:at does ,ari/otle   
mean 9 8 book on ,"t1 :5 he says t      
et]nity is an in/ant1 & t all "t is no m
 ?an an in/ant8  ,,cic4 ,h[ c ?is be1   
see+ t !re is no "t s %ort t x _c be    
divid$ into seconds8 ,p]haps he w\ld say
 t 9 "o in/ant !re is ! ,flood1 !       
,trojan w>1 & we :o exi/ n[2 ,i %\ld l  
to "k h[ ?is in/ant is divid$ into s _m 
c5turies & ye>s1 & :e!r1 by ! same rule1
 we might n say t ! l9e is a po9t8      
,,tans4 ,if "t be "o1 b 9 diff]5t       
temporal subjects1 s ! in/ant is "o 9   
diff]5t & all p>ts ( "t4 ,z ,i am ! same
 ,i 01 am1 & %all be2 s ,i myself am    
always ! same 9 ! h\se1 9 ! temple1 9 ! 
field1 & :]esoev] ,i am4  ,,cic4 ,:y d y
 wi% to make out t ! in/ant is ! :ole ( 
"t8  ,,tans4 ,because if x 7 n an       
in/ant1 x w\ld n be "t2 !re=e "t 9      
ess5ce & sub/ance is no o!r ?an an      

in/ant1 & let ?is suffice1 if y und]/&  
x1 because ,i d n int5d to p]orate ^u ! 
entire physics2 s t y mu/ und]/& t he   
means to say t ! :ole ( love is no less 
pres5t ?an ! :ole ( "t2 because ?is     
in/ans does n mean a mom5t ( "t4  ,,cic4
 ,?is mean+ mu/ be specifi$ 9 "s way1 if
 we d n wi% to see ! motto invalidat$ by
 equivocation1 by :i* we are free to    
suppose t he meant to say t 8 love 0 b =
 an in/ant--t is1 = an atom ( "t1 & (   
no?+ m1 or t he means t x is z y        
int]pret x1 ev]la/+4  ,,tans4 ,surely1  
if ^! two contr>y mean+s 7 impli$1 !    
leg5d w\ld be nons5se4 ,b x is n s1 if y
 consid] well1 = x _c be t 9 "o in/ant1 
:i* is an atom or po9t1 love p]si/s or  
endures2 !re=e "o mu/ ( necessity und]/&
 ! in/ant 9 ano!r signification4 ,& = ! 
sake ( gett+ out ( ! me%1 read ! /anza3 
#ch4      ,"o "t scatt]s & "o ga!rs2    
,"o builds1 "o breaks2 "o weeps1 "o     
laughs2     ,"o "t to sadness1 "o to    
gaiety incl9es2     ,"o lab\rs & "o     
re/s2 "o /&s1 "o sits2     ,"o pr(f]s & 

"o takes away2     ,"o /ays & "o        
removes2 "o animates1 "o kills4     ,9  
all ! ye>s1 ! mon?s1 ! days1 ! h\rs1    
,love waits on me1 /rikes1 b9ds1 &      
burns4     ,to me cont9ual dissolution1 
,cont9ual weep+ holds me & de/roys4     
,all times to me are full ( woe2        
,all ?+s "t takes f me1     ,& gives me 
naught1 n ev5 dea?4  ,,cic4 ,i und]/& ! 
mean+ q p]fectly1 & confess t all ?+s   
agree v well4 ,x is "t to proce$ to !   
next4  ,,xv4  ,,tans4 ,"h behold a s]p5t
 langui%+ 9 ! sn[1 :]e a lab\r] has ?r[n
 x1 & a nak$ *ild burn+ 9 ! mid/ ( !    
fire1 ) c]ta9 o!r details &             
circum/ances1 ) ! leg5d :i* says3 ,idem1
 itidem non idem4 ,?is seems m l an     
enigma ?an any?+ else1 & ,i d n feel    
sure t ,i c expla9 x at all2 yet ,i d   
believe t x means t ! same fate vexes1 &
 ! same torm5ts bo? ! "o & ! o!r--t is1 
immeasurably1 )\t m]cy & unto dea?1 by  
means ( v>i\s in/rum5ts or contr>y      
pr9ciples1 %[+ itself ! same :e!r cold  
or hot4 ,b ?is1 x seems to me1 requires 

long] & special consid]ation4  ,,cic4   
,"s o!r "t4 ,read ! l9es3  #ci4         
,limp snake1 t wri!/ 9 ! sn[1     ,twi/+
 & turn+ "h & !re     ,to f9d "s ease f 
! torm5t+ cold1     ,if ! congeal+ ice  
c\ld "k ?y pa91     ,or _h ! s5se to    
feel ?y sm>t1     ,& ?\ c\ld/ f9d a     
voice = ?y compla9t1     ,i d believe ?y
 argum5t w\ld make x pitiful4     ,i )  
et]nal fire am sc\rg$1 am burnt1 &      
bitt51     ,& 9 ! ic9ess ( my div9ity   
f9d no deliv]ance1     ,no pity does %e 
feel1 nor c %e "k1 alas6     ,! rigor\s 
ard\r ( my flames4  #dj4      ,s]p5t1 ?\
 fa9 w\ld/ flee1 b can/ n2     ,try = ?y
 hid+-place1 x is no m2     ,recall ?y  
/r5g?1 'tis sp5t2     ,wait = ! sun1    
beh9d ?ick fog he hides2     ,cry m]cy (
 ! h9d1 he fe>s ?y too?4     ,=tune     
invoke1 %e he>s !e n1 ! jade6     ,nor  
flight1 nor place1 nor />1 nor man1 nor 
fate     ,c br+ to !e deliv]ance f dea?4
     ,?\ do/ become congeal$4 ,melt+ am 
,i4     ,i l ?y rig\rs1 !e my ard\r     
pleases2     ,help h ,i none = !e1 & ?\ 

ha/ none = me4     ,cle> is our evil    
fate--all hope resign4  ,,cic4 ,let u g1
 & by ! way we w seek to untie ?is      
knot--if possible4  ,,tans4 ,s be x4    
,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,& 
,,co4 ,,london ,,& ,,ed9burgh ,,!       
,,apology ,,( ,,! ,,nolan   ,,to ,,!    
,,mo/ ,,virtu\s ,,& ,,lovely ,,ladies4  
,o lovely1 graceful nymphs ( ,engl&6    
,n 9 repugnance nor 9 scorn     ,our _s 
holds y1     ,nor w\ld our p5 abase y   
,m ?an x mu/--to call y fem99e6         
,exemption ,i am sure y w\ld n claim1   
,be+ subject to ! common influ5ce2      
,%9+ on e>? z d ! />s 9 heav54     ,y\r 
sov'reign beauty1 ladies1 our au/]ity   
,_c depreciate1 nor w\ld d s1     ,= we 
h n 9 view a sup]human k9d1     ,su*    
poison1,h !re=e1 f> f y be set1     ,=  
"h we see ! "o1 ! great ,diana1     ,:o 
is to y z sun among/ ! />s4     ,wit1   
words1 le>n+ & art1     ,& :atsoe'er is 
m9e ( scribbl+ faculty1     ,i humbly   
place be=e y4  ,h ,ars5ico4