,,the ,,brochure ,,series  ,,of         
,,architectural ,,illustration4   ,,vol4
 ,i4 ,,august1 #ahie ,no4 #h4           
,,fragments ,,of ,,greek ,,detail4      
,the ,art of ,greece during the fifth   
century1 ,b4,c41 was developed in an    
amazingly short time from a condition of
 almost archaic rudeness to that of the 
greatest perfection which the world has 
ever seen4  ,at the close of the        
,persian wars the ,athenians1 under     
,pericles1 began rebuilding their city  
and perfecting themselves in all the    
arts of civilization1 and their progress
 in the next half century will always be
 a subject for wonder4 ,it is especially
 wonderful that works of art of the     
character produced at this time should  
have been the outcome of political      
maneuvering3 for if ,plutarch is to be  
credited the scheming of ,pericles to   
obtain and hold possession of the       
government of ,athens was the immediate 
cause of the erection of these          
marvellous monuments4 ,in order to      

increase his influence with the common  
people ,pericles devoted the treasure   
which had been contributed by the other 
,greek cities for defence against the   
barbarians to the beautifying of        
,athens1 and to furnishing them with    
games and amusements1 and especially to 
the erection of the group of temples    
upon the ,acropolis1 in this way        
distributing patronage and keeping his  
people employed much as a modern        
political boss does the same in our day4
  ,the ,parthenon1 which is esteemed the
 grandest of all monuments of ,greek    
art1 embodying as it does the highest   
achievement in sculpture and            
architecture1 was built just after the  
middle of the fifth century1 although   
the precise date at which it was begun  
and finished is uncertain4 ,the         
,erechtheion and ,propyla were probably 
built a few years later1 but their exact
 dates are also in doubt4  ,the         
sculptor1 ,phidias1 was the friend and  
adviser of ,pericles and to him was     

given the general charge of all matters 
relating to art4 ,under him were grouped
 architects1 sculptors1 and artisans of 
all schools and trades--,ictinus and    
,calicrates as architects of the        
,parthenon1 ,mnesicles of the ,propyla1 
and many others--such an assemblage as  
only ,greece in her most glorious epoch 
could bring together4 ,the work of this 
period shows that happy union of        
technical perfection and the expression 
of only the loftiest ideas1 in which1 as
 ,plutarch says1 the architect made it  
his ambition to surpass the magnificence
 of his design with the elegance of its 
execution4  ,the skill and delicacy as  
well as the subtle appreciation of      
refinements of form and finish exhibited
 in the treatment of details such as    
those shown in our plates are almost    
beyond comprehension4 ,the workmanship  
is so perfect that it is difficult to   
see how it could be improved upon4      
,stuart1 in his account of the          
,parthenon1 states that he found two    

stones1 one merely laid upon the other  
in the stylobate of this building1 which
 had been ground to so fine a joint that
 they had actually united and become    
one4 ,the refinements in measurements   
are such that it has been asserted that 
a variation of one twentieth of an inch 
from the dimensions intended is all that
 need be allowed--the width of the two  
ends of the building agreeing to within 
this amount4 ,the entasis of columns and
 curvature of what would ordinarily be  
straight lines is familiar to all       
students of architecture4  ,photographs 
of ,greek architecture are by no means  
common or easy to obtain1 and the       
subjects given as illustrations of the  
present issue of ,,the ,,brochure       
,,series are presented1 not as in the   
preceding numbers1 either all from a    
single building1 or of similar features 
from several buildings1 but merely as   
fragments of detail1 representing the   
period of ,greek art when architecture  
and sculpture had reached their highest 

development4     ,illustration3 ,,lvii4 
,capital from the ,parthenon1 ,athens4  
,,lvii4  ,,capital ,,from ,,the         
,,parthenon1 ,,athens4  ,the ,parthenon 
of ,pericles was built on the site of an
 older temple as a treasury1 and        
repository of the colossal statue of    
,athena1 made by ,phidias from gold and 
ivory4 ,the ,doric order1 the capital of
 which is shown in our plate1 needs no  
description here as probably no other   
single order is so generally known4     
,after various transformations the      
building was blown up by the ,venetians 
in #afhg and has since remained in      
ruins4     ,illustration3 ,,lviii4      
,capital from the ,erechtheion1 ,athens4
  ,illustration3 ,,lix4 ,base from the  
,erechtheion1 ,athens4  ,illustration3  
,,lx4 ,capital of ,anta1 from the       
,erechtheion1 ,athens4   ,,lviii4       
,,capital ,,from ,,the ,,erechtheion1   
,,athens4  ,,lix4  ,,base ,,from ,,the  
,,erechtheion1 ,,athens4  ,,lx4  ,,cap  
,,of ,,anta ,,from ,,the ,,erechtheion1 

,,athens4  ,the ,ionic order of the     
,erechtheion is the one which is best   
known and has been most frequently      
copied and adapted in modern work4 ,it  
is at the same time the richest and most
 delicately refined of the ,greek ,ionic
 orders1 and this is equivalent to      
saying of all orders whatsoever4 ,this  
order of which the cap and base are     
given in our plates belongs to the north
 porch4 ,there were two other fronts to 
the building which was1 to all intents  
and purposes1 three temples united in   
one4 ,the famous caryatid porch faces   
the south1 looking toward the           
,parthenon4     ,illustration3 ,,lxi4   
,fragment from ,south ,side of the      
,acropolis1 ,athens4   ,,lxi4           
,,fragment ,,from ,,south ,,side ,,of   
,,acropolis1 ,,athens4  ,although this  
fragment was found at some distance from
 the ,erechtheion it is without much    
doubt a portion of that building4       
,illustration3 ,,lxii4 ,capital from the
 ,propyla1 ,athens4   ,,lxii4  ,,capital

 ,,from ,,the ,,propyl,a1 ,,athens4     
,the ,propyla1 or gate to the           
,acropolis1 was built at about the same 
time as the ,parthenon1 between the     
years #dcf and #dca ,b4,c4 ,it combines 
the ,doric and ,ionic orders1 but both  
are most skilfully used with equal grace
 and nobleness of proportion4           
,illustration3 ,,lxiii4 ,fragment of    
,cyma from the ,tholos1 ,epidauros4     
,,lxiii4  ,,fragment ,,of ,,cyma ,,from 
,,the ,,tholos ,,at ,,epidauros4  ,the  
,tholos of ,polykletos at ,epidauros was
 a circular building #ajg feet in       
diameter1 situated within the sacred    
enclosure4 ,it had two concentric rows  
of columns1 the exterior order being    
,doric1 and the interior ,ionic1 but    
with ,corinthian caps of the design     
shown in plate ,,lxiv4                  
,illustration3 ,,lxiv4 ,capital from the
 ,tholos1 ,epidauros4   ,,lxiv4  ,,cap  
,,from ,,the ,,tholos ,,at ,,epidauros4 
,the two fragments shown are the result 
of recent excavations and are among the 

most beautiful examples of ,greek detail
 extant4     ,architectural ,schools4   
,,harvard ,,university4  ,the writer of 
,the ,point of ,view in ,scribner's     
,magazine recently called attention to  
the distinction between what he calls   
cultivation and civilization4 ,as he    
very aptly states it1 culture according 
to the common acceptance of it1 is      
largely the cultivation of the mind2    
civilization would seem to be the       
cultivation of the sympathies1 the      
tastes1 and the capacity for giving and 
receiving sound pleasures4 ,the most    
civilized man is the man with the most  
catholic appreciation1 the man who can  
be the most things to the most          
people--the man1 to put it briefly1 who 
knows best how to live4 ,the man who is 
civilized can use all the culture he can
 get1 but he can get on and still be    
civilized with a very moderate outfit of
 it4 ,but the man who has culture and   
has not civilization1 is very badly     
handicapped4  ,probably no walk of life 

offers more opportunities for the       
advantageous application of what is     
meant in this quotation by civilization 
than that of the architect2 and probably
 in no other profession does the        
civilized man have greater advantages   
over his less civilized fellows4  ,the  
successful architect requires a broad   
and catholic culture1 but in addition   
must be a man of the world in the best  
and most comprehensive sense4           
,opportunities for social improvement   
will often make the difference between  
success and failure in his professional 
life4 ,on this account too much stress  
can hardly be put upon the importance to
 a young man of his social environment4 
,the life in an old university set in   
the midst of a community where the      
traditions of generations of cultivated 
families have established a social      
atmosphere1 it might be said1 is one of 
the best and most powerful civilizing   
influences4 ,such an opportunity as this
 is offered at ,harvard1 and it is this 

which gives to the architectural course 
at ,harvard its main advantage over that
 of other schools in this country4  ,the
 department itself is comparatively     
young1 having only just completed its   
second year4 ,it is under the direction 
of the faculty of the ,lawrence         
,scientific ,school1 one of the         
principal schools of the ,university4   
,its special corps of instructors       
consists of ,prof4 ,h4 ,langford ,warren
 assisted by ,messrs4 ,george ,f4       
,newton and ,john ,w4 ,bemis4 ,in       
addition to this1 lectures and          
instruction are given by members of the 
,faculty of ,arts and ,sciences1 which  
includes the faculty of the ,lawrence   
,scientific ,school1 ,harvard ,college  
and the ,graduate ,school1 among whom   
are ,prof4 ,charles ,eliot ,norton1     
,prof4 ,white1 ,prof4 ,greenough1 ,prof4
 ,moore1 ,prof4 ,hollis and others4     
,although students in this department do
 much of their work in rooms specially  
provided for them1 in their general     

studies and lectures they are associated
 with the other students of the         
,university and thus reap the advantages
 coming from such association4          
,throughout1 it has been the purpose in 
this school1 to treat architecture as a 
fine art and not merely as the science  
of construction1 and to this end        
instruction in the general history of   
the ,fine ,arts and practice in design  
are made the central features about     
which the other studies are grouped4    
,the course as laid out is intended to  
cover four years1 and may be            
supplemented by post-graduate work2     
while on the other hand a large part of 
the general studies may be anticipated  
by students of the ,college who wish to 
take the professional studies after     
completing the usual course in the      
college proper4 ,especial stress is laid
 upon educating the taste and           
discrimination of the student1 and      
association with cultivated men and     
familiarity with the best efforts of the

 past1 are the two most important       
influences to this end4     ,personal4  
,mr4 ,c4 ,d4 ,maginnis1 recently        
returned from abroad1 and who has for   
several years been in the office of ,mr4
 ,e4 ,m4 ,wheelwright1 city architect1  
has opened an office at #bg ,school     
,street1 ,boston4 ,he is prepared to do 
all kinds of architectural drawing1 in  
pen1 pencil1 or water color1 and will   
work up competition drawings and        
sketches4  ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,kilham1 ,mr4   
,e4 ,p4 ,dana1 and several others have  
recently been added to the working force
 of ,messrs4 ,winslow  ,wetherell1 whose
 office is now the largest in ,boston4  
,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,partridge1 who has for    
several years been with ,messrs4 ,eames 
,young1 in ,st4 ,louis1 has severed his 
connection with them and will probably  
return to the ,east4     ,club ,notes4  
,the summer work of the ,sketch ,club of
 ,new ,york has been laid out to include
 sketching trips in the outlying        
neighborhood of ,new ,york ,city4 ,on   

alternate ,saturdays members of the     
,club meet at one of the piers and take 
a small steam yacht to points along the 
,east ,river and ,long ,island ,sound1  
spending the ,sunday in sketching4 ,on  
the intermediate ,sundays1 rambles      
through ,west ,chester occupy those who 
are disposed to join in the excursions4 
,these trips are laid out to include the
 time from ,july #ac to ,september #bh4 
,the competition of the ,chicago        
,architectural ,club upon the subject   
,picturesque ,chicago1 closes ,september
 #b1 and the club begins its regular    
year's work on that date with an        
exhibition of the sketches submitted in 
this competition together with other    
work of the summer4     ,the ,brochure  
,series  of ,architectural              
,illustration4  ,,published ,,monthly   
,,by  ,,bates  ,,guild1  #f ,,beacon    
,,street1 ,,boston1 ,,mass4             
,subscription ,rates per year #ej cents1
 in advance ,special ,club ,rates for   
five subscriptions #b4jj  ,entered at   

the ,boston ,post ,office as            
,second-class ,matter4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,special
 ,,notice4  ,back numbers of ,,the      
,,brochure ,,series are not kept in     
stock4 ,all subscriptions will be dated 
from the time received and subscribers  
who wish for the current numbers must   
place their subscriptions at once4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,the illustration which we give on      
another page1 of a gala night of the ,p4
 ,d4 club will appeal to the many       
friends of the ,p4 ,d4's who are        
distributed from end to end of the      
country4 ,the descriptive article by one
 of the members which is begun in this  
number will also give an indication to  
those who are not already familiar with 
this organization1 of its character and 
purpose4 ,that a combination of serious 
work and relaxation can be reconciled   
without sacrificing the former1 has been
 demonstrated in this case1 for the ,p4 
,d4's are the mainstay of the ,boston   

,architectural ,club and have           
accomplished considerable in other      
directions1 having done very notable    
work in several of the ,beaux-,arts     
,society's competitions4 ,their motto   
and seal shown in the other illustration
 is a remarkable example of impromptu   
decoration4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,the ,august #bb    
issue of the ,journal of the ,royal     
,institute of ,british ,architects      
contains a description of the ,school of
 ,architecture and ,applied ,arts of    
,university ,college1 ,liverpool1 and an
 address by ,mr4 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 the  
well-known ,english architect and       
author1 delivered at the inauguration of
 the school on ,may #aj last4 ,special  
provisions are made for courses in      
,architecture1 ,sculpture and           
,modelling1 ,decorative ,painting1      
,wrought ,iron ,work1 and ,wood         
,carving1 accompanying theoretical      
instruction with actual work in the     
studios and shops4  ,mr4 ,jackson's     

remarks are worthy careful attention and
 will be found as valuable to ,american 
students as to those to whom they were  
addressed4 ,his opinions upon the study 
of architectural history are interesting
 in connection with the views of the    
,american writers to which we referred  
last month4 ,he says3 ,the reverence    
with which we have been taught to regard
 old work has misled us into a slavish  
worship of precedent1 and an abject     
craving for authority by which to shape 
our own work4 ,close imitation of old   
work has been regarded as the only safe 
course1 deceptive imitation of it the   
highest measure of success4444  ,above  
all it should be the student's object to
 discover the principles of design by   
which the successive styles were        
governed1 and in tracing their history  
he should trace the influence of        
circumstance and accident1 which modify 
the current art of the day4444 ,the     
history of architecture1 and the        
development of style out of style1      

should never be taught without incessant
 reference to the constructional methods
 which were employed1 and which played  
the principal part in the changes       
resulting from their employment4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,apropos of the perennial discussion of 
the question of professional ethics     
which from time to time comes into      
prominence in the meetings of the       
,american ,institute of ,architects the 
following may be of interest4 ,it is    
appended to the card of a certain       
architect which is published as an      
advertisement in a local paper and      
reads3 ,any kind of architectural work  
promptly attended to and satisfaction   
guaranteed4  ,in the resolutions        
recently adopted by the ,boston ,society
 of ,architects concerning professional 
ethics it was maintained that architects
 should not advertise4 ,the             
advertisement above may savor somewhat  
of its surroundings 7above it a hair    
renewer is advertised and below it      

penny-royal pills7 and suggest too much 
the shoes tapped while you wait order of
 advertising1 but we fail to see why    
architects should be restrained from    
advertising if there are any benefits to
 be derived from it4 ,and for our part  
we think that there are few architects  
whose business or practice might not be 
improved by judicious advertising4 ,it  
is easy to lay down an arbitrary dictum 
and say that no professional man shall  
advertise1 but what argument can apply  
to architects in this respect that does 
not equally apply to civil engineers and
 to landscape architects8 ,and no one   
objects to the advertisements of the    
latter4 ,the publication of architects' 
designs in the professional journals is 
in many cases advertising1 pure and     
simple1 but is not on this account to be
 condemned4 ,the truth of the matter is 
that the exact point where advertising  
begins and ends is impossible to        
determine4 ,one kind of advertising is  
considered allowable and dignified1     

another is not4 ,in consequence there is
 opportunity for many differences of    
opinion4     ,the ,p4 ,d4's4   ,if      
,chimmie ,fadden were asked to translate
 the letters ,p4 ,d41 he would          
undoubtedly answer1 ,what 'ell8 and it  
must be acknowledged that this answer   
does credit to ,chames's insight2 but at
 the same time we feel sure that ,chames
 would not be offended if he were       
informed that his favorite expression is
 not nearly such an appropriate         
definition of ,p4 ,d4 as it is of the   
play of ,madame ,sans ,gne1 all rumors  
to the contrary notwithstanding ,and if 
,chames could be induced to give up for 
the while his everlasting search for a  
bull pup1 we might proceed to inform him
 to the best of our ability what it     
really does mean4  ,the ,lord gives good
 meat but the devil sends cooks1 but    
,chames apparently lending a willing    
ear1 we take his life in our hands1 and 
firstly3--  ,and that is1 that ,p4 ,d4  
is not an abbreviation for ,poor        

,debtors1 as some would have it1 but for
 ,poor ,draughtsmen2 which is after all1
 perhaps1 a distinction without a       
difference4  ,poor in this case has no  
reference to the quality of the         
draughtsmen's work1 for1 as our song    
truly says1--      ,the ,p4 ,d4 is a man
     ,who does the best he can1     ,no 
matter what the problem it may be4      
,he can draw a quarter scale1     ,he   
can draw a full detail1     ,and draw   
his pay upon a ,saturdee4  ,the club1   
for such it is1 was at first            
overburdened with the name of ,the ,poor
 ,draughtsmen's ,saturday ,night ,club1 
but the member who wrote the            
specification of the club1 started in by
 writing the name and then proceeded as 
follows3 ,the name of the club shall be 
the above 7it is too long to write      
again74 ,the hint was taken and it has  
since been known as the ,p4 ,d4's4  ,the
 club resulted from the more or less    
accidental coming together of men of    
congenial spirit1 and the desire to     

cultivate each other's acquaintance more
 intimately than was possible in the    
larger ,architectural ,club of which    
they are all members1 and over which are
 their club rooms4  ,illustration3      
,,seal ,,of ,,the ,p4 ,d4',s4  ,the work
 of fitting up these rooms was done by  
the members themselves1 and an added    
interest is given them by the constantly
 changing exhibitions on their walls4   
,the bulletin board is also a           
never-ending source of delight4  ,the   
club at present consists of thirteen    
members1 all of whom on entering it1 as 
a sort of architectural baptism1 receive
 new names1 and1 ye gods1 what names6   
,what more is to be desired when one    
may1 when he dines or designs1 touch    
elbows with such choice spirits as      
,ictinus1 ,michael ,angelo1 ,vitruvius1 
,vignola1 ,piranesi1 ,san ,gallo1       
,bramante1 ,christopher ,wren1 ,inigo   
,jones1 ,charles ,bulfinch1 ,viollet le 
,duc1 ,gamier ,frres 7,n4,b4--,there is 
only one of him71 and ,brian ,boru4     

,illustration3 ,a ,,gala ,,night ,,in   
,,the ,,rooms ,,of ,,the ,p4 ,d4',s4    
,the one requirement for admission is   
good fellowship with the saving clause1 
that this good fellowship1 like ,faith1 
must be accompanied by good works4  ,its
 organization is of the simplest        
character1 there being no constitution  
or rules of any kind1 except the joke   
known as the specification be regarded  
as such4 ,much of the charm of the club 
is due to this absolute freedom from    
restraint4  ,the officers are the       
president1 treasurer1 and secretary1 who
 manage the affairs of the club during  
their term of office4 ,each member      
presides in turn1 the term of office    
being one month1 the succession being   
arranged by lot4  ,a well-known writer  
deplores the lack of humor in the       
fiction of the day1 and the tendency of 
those who should know better1 to        
constantly preach us sermons upon our   
least admirable failings4  ,alas6 it is 
not fiction alone that has taken to the 

pulpit1 for ,architecture has also its  
preachers1 and our journals are loaded  
with their sermons1 which fortunately   
for architecture1 very few ever read4   
,while acknowledging the fact that a    
little seriousness now and then may be  
relished by even a ,p4 ,d41 a good      
hearty laugh is the one thing in this   
dreary old world of ours that they most 
appreciate4 ,no one realizes more       
thoroughly than they that1--      ,care 
to our coffin adds a nail1 no doubt1    
,and every grin so jolly draws one out4 
,the principal object of the members1   
then1 is to amuse themselves4 ,the club 
is not intended as a workroom1 but as   
our ,p4 ,d4 poet expresses it1 a place  
where1--      ,freed from the fret of   
routine's slavish toil1       ,they meet
 once more in freedom's jollity4     ,no
 thought of care comes to them now to   
spoil       ,the merry jest1 the gay    
frivolity4  ,nevertheless they have     
found time for much serious work1 but   
inasmuch as work is said to speak for   

itself1 we will confine our attention to
 some of the things by means of which   
the members have passed many happy      
hours4  ,upon entering the club the     
member not only receives a new name1 but
 his biography containing more or less  
of the truth about him is written and   
placed in the records4 ,a song is also  
composed in his honor1 and on festal    
occasions he is greeted with it upon his
 entrance4  ,perhaps the greatest event 
of the year is the annual dinner1 or the
 ,centurial ,dinner as it is called1    
from the very general conviction that   
,better one year with the ,p4 ,d4's than
 a cycle of ,cathay4 ,every one is      
supposed to do something for this       
occasion1 but he is given perfect       
liberty as to what he shall do1 and he  
may answer1 for instance1 the toast of  
,the ,architecture of the ,greeks with  
an essay on ,the ,use and ,abuse of the 
,cocktail1 with the assurance that his  
consistency will not be doubted4  ,the  
menu card is usually of sufficient      

interest to furnish amusement until the 
actual hostilities begin4 ,upon each    
guest at this dinner is conferred the   
honorary title of ,draughtsman4  ,the   
installation of a new president1 which  
occurs monthly1 is also the occasion of 
much mirth1 as are also the departures  
for or the arrivals from ,europe of     
members4  ,but no matter how closely    
these events follow each other1 one can 
depend upon each of them being          
distinctly different2 and after one has 
attended a score or so of them he begins
 to wonder when this versatility will   
end and they will begin to repeat       
themselves4  ,notwithstanding the       
unvaried success of these affairs1 none 
of them have been attended with more    
than a slight expenditure of time or    
money4  ,in decorating the rooms the    
same old articles have been made to do  
service any number of times1 but always 
in such a manner as to obtain an        
entirely different effect4  ,many of the
 best things in this line have been done

 on the spur of the moment4 ,the club   
seal1 for instance1 was thrown together 
in a few minutes1 some one in the       
meantime looking up an appropriate      
motto1 the occasion being an impromptu  
festival of ,gambrinus1 which occurred  
one ,christmas eve4  ,at another time a 
wonderful chandelier was constructed of 
a stretcher1 a ,chinese lantern1 and    
twenty beer bottles1 which were utilized
 to hold candles1 and a placard on each 
told that they were manufactured by the 
,p4 ,d4 ,electric ,co4 and were each of 
one candle power2 the whole being draped
 with some brilliantly dyed stuffs that 
had served as costumes at the ,art      
,students' ,festival4  7,to be          
continued47