by ,case ,we/]n ,res]ve ,univ]sity      
,pres]vation ,dep>tm5t ,digital         
,libr>y47           ,,pr(essor          
,,royce',s ,,libel4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a  ,,public      
,,appeal ,,= ,,r$ress  ,,to ,,!         
,,corporation ,,& ,,ov]se]s  ,,(        
,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity4  ,,by  ,,francis   
,,ell+wood ,,abbot1 ,,ph4,d4            
,,cambridge1 ,,mass4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,,bo/on1   
,,mass4  ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,ellis1 #ada       
,,frankl9 ,,/reet1 #ahia4     ,,public  
,,appeal4   ,,to ,,! ,,presid5t ,,&     
,,fell[s ,,& ,,bo>d ,,( ,,ov]se]s ,,(   
,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity3                    
,g5tlem51--,believ+ x to be a necess>y  
"p ( good citiz5%ip to def5d "o's       
reputation aga9/ unju/ifiable attacks1 &
 believ+ y to h be5 unw>rantably1 b n   
remotely1 implicat$ 9 an unju/ifiable   
attack ^u my own reputation by ,assi/ant
 ,pr(essor ,josiah ,royce1 s9ce 8 attack
 is made publicly1 explicitly1 &        
emphatically on ! au?ority ( 8          

pr(essional position z "o ( y\r ag5ts & 
appo9tees1 ,i respectfully apply to y = 
r$ress ( ! wrong1 leav+ x :olly to y\r  
own wisdom & s5se ( ju/ice to decide :at
 =m su* r$ress %\ld take4 ,if ,dr4      
,royce _h n1 by cle> & und5iable        
implication1 appeal$ to y\r high        
sanction to su/a9 him 9 8 attack1--if he
 _h n und5iably s\ght to create a       
widespread b false public impression t1 
9 mak+ ?is attack1 he spoke1 & _h a "r  
to speak1 ) all ! pre/ige & au?ority (  
,h>v>d ,univ]sity itself1--,i %\ld n h  
deem$ x ei!r necess>y or becom+ to      
appeal to y 9 self-def5ce1 or1 inde$1 to
 take any public notice :atev] ( an     
attack o!rwise unwor?y ( x4 ,b "u !     
circum/ances ,i am confid5t t y w at    
once recognize ! inevitabl5ess &        
unque/ionable propriety ( my appeal f ! 
employee to ! employ]1 f ! ag5t to !    
pr9cipal2 & x w\ld be disrespectful to y
 to d\bt = a mom5t t1 disapprov+ ( an   
attack made impli$ly & yet unw>rantably 
9 y\r "n1 y w express y\r disapprobation

 9 "s j & appropriate mann]4 ,my action 
9 ?us lay+ ! matt] publicly be=e y c    
inflict no possible injury ^u our honor$
 & rev]$ ,alma ,mat]3 injury to h] is n 
ev5 conceivable1 except on ! wildly     
improbable supposition ( y\r be+        
indiff]5t to a sc&al\s abuse ( 8        
position by "o ( y\r assi/ant pr(essors1
 :o1 ) no imag9able motive o!r ?an m]e  
pr(essional jeal\sy or rivalry (        
au?or%ip1 has gone to ! unhe>d-( l5g? ( 
pr(essionally w>n+ ! public aga9/ a     
peaceable & in(f5sive private s*ol>1 ^: 
publi%$ argum5ts he has twice tri$1 b   
twice signally fail$1 to meet 9 an      
intellectual way4 ,if ! public at l>ge  
%\ld h reason to believe t conduct s    
sc&al\s z ?is 9 a ,h>v>d pr(essor w n be
 condemn$ by y1 z incompatible ) !      
dignity & ! dec5cies ( 8 (fice & ) !    
rights ( private citiz5s 9 g5]al1 ,h>v>d
 ,univ]sity w\ld inde$ suff]1 & ought to
 suff]2 b x is :olly )9 y\r p[] to      
prev5t ! gr[? ( s injuri\s a belief4 ,i 
beg leave1 !re=e1 to submit to y !      

foll[+ /atem5t1 & to solicit = x !      
pati5t & imp>tial consid]ation :i* !    
gravity ( ! case requires4   ,i4  ,!    
fir/ numb] ( a new qu>t]ly p]iodical1 ! 
,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 publi%$ 
at ,philadelphia 9 ,octob]1 #ahij1      
conta9$ an o/5sible review by ,dr4      
,royce ( my la/ book1 ,! ,way out (     
,agno/icism4 ,i advis$ly use ! ^w       
o/5sible1 because ! ma9 purport &       
int5tion ( ! article 7 n at all to      
criticise a philosophy1 b to sully !    
reputation ( ! philosoph]1 deprive him (
 public confid5ce1 ridicule &           
misrepres5t 8 labors1 hold him up by "n 
to public obloquy & contempt1 de/roy or 
less5 ! circulation ( 8 books1 &1 9     
g5]al1 to black5 & break d[n 8 lit]>y   
reputation by any & e means1 ev5 to !   
ext5t ( asp]s+ 8 p]sonal reputation1    
al?\gh !re _h nev] be5 ! slighte/       
p]sonal collision4 ,its bitt] & invidi\s
 _s 0 n 9 ! lea/ disguis$ by a few      
exagg]at$ complim5ts adroitly ins]t$ "h 
& !re3 ^! m]ely furni% ! foil ne$$ to   

give great] pot5cy & effici5cy to !     
p]sonal ins9uations1 &1 l ,m>k ,antony's
 complim5ts to ,cs>'s assass9s1 subs]v$ 
q too _m politic purposes to be accept$ 
z s9c]e4 ,only a native ( ,boeotia c\ld 
be impos$ ^u by !m1 :5 ! actual "* ( !  
book 9 "q 0 c>efully misrepres5t$1 & :5 
! self-evid5t tr5d1 t5or1 & aim ( !     
o/5sible review 7 to excite public      
prejudice aga9/ ! au?or on gr\nds :olly 
irrespective ( ! tru? or untru? ( 8     
express$ op9ions4  ,( c\rse1 ! v l>ge/  
lib]ty mu/ be & %\ld be conc$$ to       
legitimate criticism4 ,f ?is1 z is well 
kn[n1 ,i nev] %rank 9 ! lea/2 on !      
contr>y1 ,i c\rt x1 & desire no?+ bett] 
= my books1 provid$ only t ! criticism  
be p]t95t1 intellig5t1 & fair4 ,b       
misrepres5tation = ! purpose (          
detraction is n criticism at all2 &     
7not)/&+ num]\s quotations p]v]t$ by    
unfair & mislead+ glosses1 includ+ two  
misquotations q too useful to be        
accid5tal7 ?is o/5sible review is1 f    
beg9n+ to end1 no?+ b misrepres5tation =

 ! purpose ( detraction4 ,pass+ ov]     
num]\s m9or in/ances1 p]mit me to invite
 y\r att5tion to ?ree gross in/ances (  
su* misrepres5tation4   ,,ii4  ,! book  
"u review _h tak5 ! utmo/ pa9s 7pages   
#af-ci1 especially page #ci7 to di/+ui% 
realism f idealism1 & to argue = ! =m] 9
 opposition to ! latt]1 on ! gr\nd ( !  
absolute incompatibility ( ! latt] ) !  
sci5tific me?od ( inve/igation4 ,x _h   
tak5 ! utmo/ pa9s to make ! contra/     
broad & deep1 & to po9t out its f>-rea*+
 consequ5ces by explicitly oppos+ 7#a7  
sci5tific realism to philosophical      
idealism 9 g5]al1 & 9 p>ticul> 7#b7     
con/ructive realism to con/ructive      
idealism1 7#c7 critical realism to      
critical idealism1 7#d7 e?ical realism  
to e?ical idealism1 & 7#e7 religi\s     
realism to religi\s idealism4 ,any fair 
or honorable critic w\ld recognize ?is  
contra/ & opposition betwe5 realism &   
idealism z ! v f\ndation ( ! "w he 0    
criticis+1 & w\ld at lea/ /ate x c&idly1
 z ! f\ndation ( 8 own favorable or     

unfavorable comm5ts4 ,h[ did ,dr4 ,royce
 treat x8 ,he n only absolutely ignor$  
x1 n only said no?+ :atev] ab\t x1 b    
actually took pa9s to put ! read] on a  
false sc5t at ! />t1 by assur+ him 7)\t 
! lea/ discussion ( ?is all-important   
po9t7 t my philosophical conclusions are
 ess5tially ideali/ic6  ,s gross a      
misrepres5tation z ?is might be *>itably
 attribut$ to critical incapacity ( "s  
sort1 if x did n s v conv5i5tly pave !  
way = ! second gross misrepres5tation   
:i* 0 to foll[3 namely1 t ! !ory        
actually prop\nd$ 9 my book _h be51 9   
fact1 appropriat$ & borr[$ f an ideali/6
 ,! imm5se utility ( misrepres5t+ my    
sy/em at ! />t z ess5tially ideali/ic   
lay 9 ! fact t1 by adopt+ ?is /ratagem1 
,dr4 ,royce c\ld escape altoge!r !      
=midable necessity ( fir/ argu+ ! ma9 "q
 ( idealism v]sus realism4 ,secretly    
consci\s ( 8 own inability to h&le t "q1
 to refute my ,soliloquy ( !            
,self-,consi/5t ,ideali/1 or to ov]?r[  
my demon/ration t consi/5t idealism     

leads logically to hopeless absurdity at
 la/1 ,dr4 ,royce f\nd x inf9itely easi]
 to deceive 8 un9=m$ read]s by a bold   
ass]tion t ,i myself am an ideali/ at   
bottom4 ,?is ass]tion1 swall[$ )\t      
suspicion ( its absolute untru?1 w\ld   
r5d] x plausible & q cr$ible to ass]t1  
next1 t ,i _h actually appropriat$ my   
philosophy f a great] ideali/ ?an       
myself4  ,= ! only sub/antial criticism 
( ! book made by ,dr4 ,royce is t ,i    
borr[$ my :ole !ory ( univ]sals f       
,hegel--unconsci\sly1 he has ! caution  
to say2 b t qualification does n 9 !    
lea/ mitigate ! mis*iev\s int5tion &    
effect ( 8 accusation z a gl>+          
falsification ( fact & artful           
misdescription ( my "w4 ,x w\ld be      
inopportune & disc\rte\s to we>y y )    
philosophical discussions4 ,i expos$ !  
amaz+ absurdity ( ,dr4 ,royce's         
accusation ( plagi>ism 9 ! reply to 8   
article :i*1 z appe>s bel[1 ,dr4 ,royce 
himself anxi\sly suppress$1 & :i* ,i    
%\ld n[ submit to y1 if he _h n at la/  

tak5 fright & s]v$ ^u me a legal prote/ 
aga9/ its circulation4 ,b1 to any       
well-educat$ man1 su* an accusation z   
?is refutes itself4 ,x w\ld be j z      
reasonable1 j z plausible1 to accuse    
,d>w9 ( hav+ borr[$ 8 !ory ( natural    
selection f ,agassiz1 or ,daniel ,web/] 
( hav+ borr[$ 8 !ory ( ! insep>able     
,union f ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 or          
ex-,presid5t ,clevel& ( hav+ borr[$ 8   
message on t>iff re=m f ! ,home ,m>ket  
,club1 z to accuse me ( hav+ borr[$ my  
!ory ( univ]sals f ,hegel4 ,hegel's !ory
 ( univ]sals is divid$ f m9e by ! :ole  
va/ *asm betwe5 realism & idealism4 ,!  
two !ories contradict ea* o!r           
absolutely1 uncompromis+ly1             
irreconcilably3 ,hegel's is a !ory (    
absolute idealism or pure ?\ght 7re9es  
,d5k571 t is1 ( ?\ght absolutely        
indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce1 :ile m9e is a !ory
 ( sci5tific realism1 t is1 ( ?\ght     
absolutely dep5d5t ^u exp]i5ce4 ,x is q 
immat]ial "h :i* !ory is ! true "o2 !   
only po9t involv$ at pres5t is t ! two  

!ories flatly contradict ea* o!r1 & t x 
is self-evid5tly impossible t ei!r c\ld 
be borr[$1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 f
 ! o!r4 ,if ,dr4 ,royce _h ev] done any 
h>d ?9k+ on ! !ory ( univ]sals1 or if he
 _h ! slighte/ compreh5sion ( ! problems
 x involves1 he w\ld nev] h be5 s ra% z 
to *>ge me ) borr[+ my !ory f ,hegel1 & 
?us to commit himself irrevocably to a  
def5ce ( ! absurd2 b eag]ness to accuse 
ano!r has betray$ him into a position   
:5ce x is impossible = him to escape )  
honor4 ,solely by misdescrib+ my        
philosophy z ess5tially ideali/ic :5 x  
op5ly & con/antly & emphatically av[s   
itself to be ess5tially reali/ic1 c\ld  
,dr4 ,royce give ! fa9te/ color (       
plausibility to 8 mon/r\s & supremely   
ridicul\s accusation ( plagi>ism2 solely
 by presum+ ^u ! public ignorance bo? ( 
,hegel & ( my own "w c\ld he d>e to     
publi% su* an accusation to ! _w4 ,^!   
gross misrepres5tations1 h[ev]1 he did n
 hesitate to make1 s9ce !y 7 necess>y 9 
ord] to pave ! way to a ?ird & /ill     

gross] misrepres5tation on :i* he       
app>5tly _h set 8 he>t3 namely1 t1 aft] 
borr[+ ! :ole sub/ance ( my philosophy f
 ,hegel1 ,i h be5 guilty ( mak+ va/ &   
extravagant pret5sions z to my own      
novelty1 orig9ality1 & pr(undity1 n only
 ) reg>d to my publi%$ books1 b also )  
reg>d to my /ill unpubli%$ sy/em (      
philosophy4 ,8 words are ^!3--  ,(      
novelty1 good or bad1 ! book conta9s1   
inde$1 despite its va/ pret5sions1 h>dly
 a sign4  ,x is due also to !           
extravagant pret5sions :i* he frequ5tly 
makes ( late z to ! orig9ality &        
pr(undity ( 8 /ill unpubli%$ sy/em (    
philosophy1 to give ! read] "s h9t ( :at
 s f> appe>s to be ! nature ( our       
au?or's contributions to philosophical  
reflection4  ,precisely :at h be5 ^!    
alleg$ pret5sions8 ,dr4 ,royce cites    
only ?ree in/ances4  ,i4 ,he fir/ g>bles
 a s5t5ce 9 ! prefatory ,note to ,! ,way
 out ( ,agno/icism1 by quot+ only "o    
phrase f x4 ,! s5t5ce 9 full is ?is3 ,by
 a :olly new l9e ( reason+1 drawn       

exclusively f ^? s\rces sci5ce &        
philosophy1 ?is book aims to %[ t1 9    
ord] to refute agno/icism & e/abli%     
enlight5$ !ism1 no?+ is n[ necess>y b to
 philosophize t v sci5tific me?od :i*   
agno/icism b>b>\sly misund]/&s &        
misuses4 ,!re is no pret5sion :atev] 9  
^! words1 except t ! g5]al l9e ( reason+
 set =? 9 ! book is1 z a :ole1 diff]5t f
 t ( o!r books4 ,if n1 :y publi% x8 ,or1
 )\t ! same cause1 :y publi% any book8  
,i see no reason to recall or to modify 
?is p]fectly true /atem5t2 ,dr4 ,royce1 
at lea/1 has %[n none4 ,! novelty ( !   
book lies 9 its v attempt to evolve     
philosophy z a :ole out ( ! sci5tific   
me?od itself1 z obs]vation1 hypo!sis1 & 
exp]im5tal v]ification1 by develop+ !   
!ory ( univ]sals :i* is implicit 9 t    
purely exp]i5tial me?od2 & ,dr4 ,royce  
does n ev5 try to prove t ,hegel1 or    
anybody else1 has ev] made j su* an     
attempt z t4 ,unless !re c be %[n       
some:]e a p>allel attempt1 ! /atem5t is 
z und5iably true z x is c]ta9ly         

unpret5ti\s4  ,,ii4 ,next1 ,dr4 ,royce  
extracts ^! s5t5ces f ! body ( ! book   
7,i supply 9 brackets words :i* he      
omitt$73 ,! fir/ great task ( philosophy
 is to lay deep & solid f\ndations = !  
expansion & ideal p]fection ( human k 9 
a bold1 new1 & true !ory ( univ]sals4 ,=
 s-call$ mod]n philosophy re/s          
complac5tly 9 a !ory ( univ]sals :i* is 
?or\ghly m$ival or antiquat$4 ,:at      
p]sonal pret5sion1 ev5 ( ! milde/ sort1 
c be conceiv$ to lurk 9 ^! innoc5t      
words8 ,i did n say t ,i h succe$$ 9    
p]=m+ t task2 ,i repeat n[ :at ,i h (t5 
said & :at ,i meant !n2 namely1 t mod]n 
sci5ce has unaw>es p]=m$ x already1 t ,i
 h fai?fully tri$ to =mulate & fur!r    
apply :at sci5ce has done1 & t ,i       
respectfully submit ! result 7s f> z    
already publi%$71 n to su* critics z    
,dr4 ,royce1 b to able1 le>n$1 &        
magnanim\s /ud5ts ( philosophy ev]y:]e4 
,,iii4 ,la/ly1 ?\gh employ+ quotation   
m>ks s z to evade a *>ge ( =mal         
misquotation1 he p]v]ts & effectually   

misquotes a s5t5ce ( ! book 9 a way :i* 
makes x appe> exactly :at x is          
n1--pret5ti\s4 ,i _h said at ! end ( my 
own book 7page #ge73 ,its aim has be5 to
 %[ ! way out ( agno/icism into !       
sunlight ( ! pr$e/9$ philosophy (       
sci5ce4 ,?is expression is p]fectly 9   
h>mony ) ! prefatory ,note1 :i* says t  
?is book aims to %[ t1 9 ord] to refute 
agno/icism & e/abli% enlight5$ !ism1    
no?+ is n[ necess>y b to philosophize t 
v sci5tific me?od :i* agno/icism        
b>b>\sly misund]/&s & misuses1 & :i*    
imm$iately adds3 ,( ! success ( ! p]haps
 unwise attempt to %[ ?is 9 s small a   
compass1 ! educat$ public mu/ be !      
judge4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 !re is no pret5sion
 9 ?is mode/ & c>efully gu>d$ av[al ( ! 
simple aim ( my book4 ,b ,dr4 ,royce    
twi/s ?is mode/ av[al into a b>efac$    
boa/1 & injuri\sly misquotes me to 8 own
 read]s ?us3 ,at ! conclusion ( ! book1 
we le>n t we h be5 %[n '! way out (     
agno/icism into ! sunlight ( ! pr$e/9$  
philosophy ( sci5ce4' ,g5tlem51 ,i      

reque/ y to comp>e ?\ghtfully !         
expressions :i* ,i h "h italiciz$1 & !n 
decide = y\rselves :e!r ?is injuri\s    
misquotation is purely accid5tal1 or1 9 
view ( ,dr4 ,royce's purpose ( prov+ me 
guilty ( va/ pret5sions1 q too useful to
 be purely accid5tal4  ,,iv4 ,b ,dr4    
,royce does n cont5t himself ) quot+ or 
misquot+ :at ,i h publi%$1 = !          
self-evid5t reason t :at ,i h publi%$ is
 n suffici5tly pret5ti\s = 8 purpose4   
,dis9t]e/$ anxiety = ! public welf>e1 & 
t5d] sorr[ ov] ! h>m to c>eful inquiry  
:i* my book is do+ by gett+ influ5ce ov]
 immature or imp]fectly tra9$ m9ds1     
con/ra9 him to accuse me ( frequ5tly    
mak+ ( late extravagant pret5sions z to 
! orig9ality & pr(undity ( my /ill      
unpubli%$ sy/em ( philosophy4           
,precisely :at h be5 ^! extravagant     
pret5sions8 ,simply ^!3--  ,9 ! preface 
to ,sci5tific ,!ism1 ,i said ( t book3  
,x is a m]e rsum ( a small portion ( a  
compreh5sive philosophical sy/em1 s f> z
 ,i h be5 able to "w x out "u mo/       

di/ract+1 disc\rag+1 & unpropiti\s      
circum/ances ( _m ye>s2 & = ?is reason  
,i mu/ beg "s indulg5ce = ! unavoidable 
incomplet5ess ( my "w4  ,enum]at+ "s    
reasons :y ,i hesitat$ to beg9 ! s]ies (
 pap]s aft]w>ds publi%$ z ,! ,way out ( 
,agno/icism1 ,i said1 9 ! fir/ ( ^!     
pap]s3 ,fir/ & =emo/1 p]haps1 is ! fact 
t1 al?\gh ! gr\nd-plan ( ?is !ory is    
already ?or\ghly matur$1 ! lit]>y       
execution ( x is z yet sc>cely ev5      
begun1 & f want ( opportunity may nev]  
be complet$2 & x seems almo/ absurd to  
pres5t ! abridgm5t ( a "w :i* does n yet
 exi/ to be abridg$4  ,f9ally1 9 an     
address pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit>ian ,review =   
,decemb]1 #ahhi1 ,i said3 ,)\t advanc+  
any p]sonal claim :atev]1 p]mit me to   
take advantage ( y\r indulg5t k9dness1 &
 to make "h ! fir/ public confession (  
c]ta9 pa9fully matur$ results ( ?irty   
ye>s' ?9k+1 :i*1 9 ! mom5t\s & ardu\s   
ent]prise ( develop+ a sci5tific !ology 
out ( ! sci5tific me?od itself1 appe> to
 be pr9ciples ( cosmical import4444     

,p]haps ,i c make !m intelligible1 z a  
contribution to t ',unit>y ,sci5ce' :i* 
! great ,agassiz =esaw & =etold4 ,9 a   
po/script to ?is address ,i add$3 ,=    
full] support ( ! position tak5 above1  
,i am con/ra9$ to ref] 444 to a l>ge    
treatise1 n[ 9 process ( prep>ation1 :i*
 aims to re?9k philosophy z a :ole 9 !  
light ( mod]n sci5ce & "u ! =m ( a      
natural developm5t ( ! sci5tific me?od  
itself4  ,:at remote/ allusion to my own
 orig9ality is conta9$ 9 ^! passages1 or
 :at remote/ allusion to my own         
pr(undity8 ,:at pret5sion ( any sort is 
"h made1 :e!r extravagant or mod]ate8   
,yet ?is is ! only actual evid5ce1 & !  
:ole ( x1 on :i* ,dr4 ,royce d>es to    
accuse me ( frequ5tly mak+ ( late       
extravagant pret5sions z to ! orig9ality
 & pr(undity ( my /ill unpubli%$ sy/em (
 philosophy6 ,! pure absurdity ( su* an 
accusation reveals itself 9 ! v /atem5t 
( x4 ,dr4 ,royce is ref]r+ "h1 be x     
und]/ood1 n to my publi%$ books1 b to my
 unpubli%$ sy/em ( philosophy4 ,h[ does 

he "k any?+ ab\t x8 ,i c]ta9ly h nev]   
%[n him my unpubli%$ manuscript1 &      
beyond ^? publi%$ allusions to x he     
possesses absolutely no means :atev] (  
kn[+ any?+ ab\t its cont5ts4 ,no?+1     
surely1 except full & exact k1 d]iv$ f  
c>eful & pati5t p]sonal exam9ation ( t  
manuscript1 c\ld possibly be a gr\nd ( j
 judgm5t ( its "*4 ,h[1 !n1 9 absolute  
ignorance ( its "* & cont5ts1 c\ld any  
fair man haz>d any public v]dict ^u x8  
,yet ,dr4 ,royce n only accuses me (    
mak+ pret5sions ab\t x :i* ,i nev] made1
 b d>es to *>act]ize !m z extravagant1  
:51 = all he kn[s1 !y might 7if made7   
fall f> %ort ( ! tru?4 ,:e!r 9 ?is case 
! evid5ce supports ! accusation1 & :e!r 
! consci5ce :i* p]mits ! mak+ ( su* an  
accusation on su* evid5ce is itself su* 
a consci5ce z y expect to f9d 9 y\r     
appo9tees1--^!1 g5tlem51 are que/ions = 
y y\rselves to decide4   ,,iii4  ,^!    
?ree connect$ & logically affiliat$     
mis/atem5ts ( fact--namely1 7#a7 t my   
philosophy is ess5tially ideali/ic1 7#b7

 t x has be5 appropriat$ & unconsci\sly 
borr[$ f ! ideali/ ,hegel1 & 7#c7 t ,i h
 frequ5tly made extravagant pret5sions z
 to ! orig9ality & pr(undity ( ?is m]ely
 borr[$ & appropriat$                   
philosophy--con/itute 9 _! totality a   
regul> sy/em ( gross & /udi$            
misrepres5tation1 z me?odical & coh]5t z
 x is unscrupul\s4 ,x is n fair         
criticism2 x is n criticism at all2 & ,i
 d n hesitate to *>act]ize x delib]ately
 z a disgrace bo? to ,h>v>d ,univ]sity &
 to ,am]ican s*ol>%ip4  ,yet1 gross &   
/udi$ & sy/ematic z ?is misrepres5tation
 is1 ,i %\ld h pass$ x ov] 9 sil5ce1    
precisely z ,i did pass ov] a simil>    
attack by ,dr4 ,royce on my e>li] book 9
 ,sci5ce = ,april #i1 #ahhf1 7 x n t1   
p]haps embold5$ by =m] impunity1 he n[  
makes 8 misrepres5tations culm9ate 9 !  
p]petration ( a lit]>y outrage1 to :i*1 
,i am p]suad$1 no p>allel c be f\nd 9 ! 
hi/ory ( polite lit]ature4 ,x is cle> t 
=be>ance mu/ h some:]e its limit4 ,!    
comm&s ( self-respect & ( civic         

consci5ce1 ! duty :i* e citiz5 owes to 8
 fell[-citiz5s n to p]mit ! fundam5tal  
rights ( all to be unlimit$ly violat$ 9 
8 own p]son1 mu/ at la/ set a b\nd to   
=be>ance itself1 & compel to            
self-def5ce4 ,^! are ! reasons :i*1 aft]
 pati5t exhau/ion ( e mild] means (     
r$ress1 h mov$ me to ?is public appeal4 
,dr4 ,royce's mis/atem5ts ( fact1 s     
elaborately fa%ion$ & s +5i\sly mortis$ 
toge!r1 7 m]ely 8 f\ndation = a         
delib]ate & =mal pr(essional w>n+ to !  
lib]al-m9d$ public aga9/ my alleg$      
philosophical pret5sions4 ,! device (   
attribut+ to me extravagant b gr\ndless 
pret5sions to orig9ality &              
pr(undity--s9ce he is unable to cite a  
s+le passage 9 :i* ,i ev] us$ su*       
expressions ( myself--0 probably sugge/$
 to him by ! ,press ,notices (          
',sci5tific ,!ism1' pr9t$ z a publi%]s' 
adv]tisem5t ( my =m] book at ! end ( !  
book :i* lay be=e him4 ,^! ,press       
,notices1 z usual1 conta9 num]\s        
extracts f eulogi/ic reviews1 9 :i*1    

curi\sly en\gh1 ^! v words1 orig9al &   
pr(\nd1 or _! equival5ts1 occur )       
suffici5t frequ5cy to expla9 ,dr4       
,royce's *ol]ic unhapp9ess4 ,= in/ance1 
,dr4 ,james ,freeman ,cl>ke wrote 9 !   
,unit>ian ,review3 ,if e position tak5  
by ,dr4 ,abbot _c be ma9ta9$1 8 book    
rema9s an orig9al contribution to       
philosophy ( a high ord] & ( great      
value2 ,m4 ,r5\vi]1 9 ,la ,critique     
,philosophique1 class$ ! book among de  
rem>quables ef=ts de con/ruction        
mtaphysique et morale dus  des p5seurs  
indp5dants et pr(onds2 & ,m4 ,c>rau1 9  
expla9+ :y he add$ to 8 critical hi/ory 
( ,religi\s ,philosophy 9 ,engl& a *apt]
 ( tw5ty pages on my own sy/em1 actually
 introduc$ bo? ( ! words :i*1 :5 ?us    
appli$1 j> s pa9fully on ,dr4 ,royce's  
n]ves3 ,la p5se de ,m4 ,abbot m'a p>u   
assez pr(onde et assez orig9ale p\r     
mrit] d'tre reproduite littralem5t4 7,la
 ,philosophie ,religieuse en ,anglet]re4
 ,p> ,ludovic ,c>rau1 ,directeur des    
,confr5ces de philosophie  la ,facult   

des lettres de ,p>is4 ,p>is1 #ahhh47 ,^!
 extracts1 be x rememb]$1 7 all pr9t$ at
 ! end ( ! book :i* ,dr4 ,royce 0       
review+4 ,n[ he _h an und\bt$ "r to ?9k 
& to say t su* encomiums z ^! on my "w 7
 silly1 extravagant1 prepo/]\s1 &       
totally undes]v$2 b to take !m out ( !  
m\? ( o!rs & put !m into m9e 0 wilful & 
delib]ate calumny4 ,sy/ematic &         
calumni\s misrepres5tation is ! sole    
f\ndation ( ! pr(essional w>n+ 9 :i*    
,dr4 ,royce's o/5sible review culm9ates1
 & :i* is too extraord9>y n to be quot$ 
"h 9 full3--  ,& s1 f9ally1 aft] ?is    
some:at detail$ /udy ( ,dr4 ,abbot's    
little book1 ,i feel con/ra9$ to repeat 
my judgm5t z above4 ,results 9          
philosophy are "o ?+2 a c>eful way (    
?9k+ is ano!r4 ,babes & suckl+s (t5 get 
v magnific5t results4 ,x is n ! (fice ( 
philosophy to outdo ! babes & suckl+s at
 _! own bus9ess ( receiv+ revelations4  
,x is ! (fice ( philosophy to und]take a
 s]i\s scrut9y ( ! presuppositions (    
human belief4 ,h5ce ! importance ( !    

c>eful way ( ?9k+ 9 philosophy4 ,b ,dr4 
,abbot's way is n c>eful1 is n novel1 &1
 :5 ?us set =? to ! p z new & bold &    
,am]ican1 x is likely to d precisely z  
mu* h>m to c>eful inquiry z x gets      
influ5ce ov] immature or imp]fectly     
tra9$ m9ds4 ,i v5ture1 !re=e1 to speak  
pla9ly1 by way ( a pr(essional w>n+ to !
 lib]al-m9d$ public conc]n+ ,dr4        
,abbot's philosophical pret5sions4 ,& my
 w>n+ takes ! =m ( say+ t1 if p are to  
?9k 9 ?is confus$ way1 unconsci\sly     
borr[+ f a great speculator l ,hegel1 & 
!n depriv+ ! borr[$ conception ( !      
peculi> subtlety ( /atem5t t made x     
useful 9 its place1--& if we read]s are 
= our "p to accept su* s*ola/icism z is 
f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,abbot's conclud+ sections z
 at all resembl+ philosophy1--!n x 7 f> 
bett] = ! _w t no reflective ?9k+ :atev]
 %\ld be done4 ,if we c't improve on :at
 ,god has already put into ! m\? ( !    
babes & suckl+s1 let u at all ev5ts make
 "s o!r use ( our wisdom & prud5ce ?an 9
 sett+ =? ! ,am]ican !ory ( :at has be5 

9 l>ge "p hidd5 f u4  ,g5tlem51 ,i d5y  
sweep+ly ! :ole gr\ndwork ( cunn+ &     
amaz+ misrepres5tation on :i* ?is       
unp>allel$ tirade is f\nd$4  ,i4 ,i d5y 
t my philosophy is ess5tially ideali/ic1
 or t any c>eful or consci5ti\s s*ol>   
c\ld possibly affirm x to be su*4  ,,ii4
 ,i d5y t ,i borr[$ my reali/ic !ory (  
univ]sals f ! ideali/1 ,hegel1 :e!r     
consci\sly or unconsci\sly4 ,! *>ge is  
unspeakably silly4 ,realism & idealism  
contradict ea* o!r m absolutely ?an     
protectionism & free-trade4  ,,iii4 ,i  
d5y t ,i ev] made ! philosophical       
pret5sions :i* ,dr4 ,royce calumni\sly  
imputes to me4 ,b1 if ,i _h made        
pret5sions z high z ! ,himalayas1 ,i d5y
 8 au?ority to po/ me publicly--to act z
 policeman 9 ! republic ( lett]s & to   
coll> me on t acc\nt4 ,a college        
pr(essor :o ?us mi/akes 8 academic g[n =
 ! policeman's uni=m1 & d>es to use 8   
private walk+-/ick = ! policeman's      
bludgeon1 is likely to f9d himself      
sudd5ly pro/rat$ by a return bl[1 arre/$

 = assault & batt]y1 & unc]emoni\sly    
hu/l$ (f into a cell1 by ! (fic] ^:     
function he has injudici\sly ap$ )\t    
wait+ = ! tiresome b q indisp5sable     
little prelim9>y ( fir/ secur+ a regul> 
commission4  ,,iv4 ,mo/ ( all1 ,i d5y   
,dr4 ,royce's self-assum$ "r to club e  
philosoph] ^: reason+ he c nei!r refute 
nor und]/&4 ,i d5y1 9 g5]al1 t any      
,h>v>d pr(essor has ! "r to fulm9ate a  
pr(essional w>n+ aga9/ anybody2 &1 9    
p>ticul>1 t y1 g5tlem51 ev] vot$ or     
int5d$ to inve/ ,dr4 ,royce ) t "r4 ,he 
himself n[ publicly puts =? a worse ?an 
extravagant pret5sion :5 he arrogates to
 himself ?is "r ( lit]>y outrage4 ,he 0 
n appo9t$ pr(essor by y = any su*       
unseemly purpose4 ,to arrogate to       
himself a s5seless pr(essional          
sup]iority ov] all non-pr(essional      
au?ors1 to ! insuff]able ext5t (        
publicly po/+ & plac>d+ !m = a m]e      
diff]5ce ( op9ion1 is1 f a moral po9t ( 
view1 sc&al\sly to abuse 8 academical   
position1 to compromise ! dignity (     

,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 to draw d[n univ]sal 
contempt ^u ! pr(ession :i* he          
pro/itutes to ! uses ( m]e pr(essional  
jeal\sy or lit]>y rivalry1 & to degrade 
! honorable (fice ( pr(essor 9 ! eyes ( 
all :o und]/& t a weak argum5t is n     
/r5g!n$1 & a false accusation is n      
ju/ifi$1 by ?r[+ pr(essional w>n+s z a  
make-weight into ! scales ( reason4 ,i  
affirm emphatically t no pr(essor has a 
moral "r to treat anybody ) ?is         
undisguis$ insol5ce ( (fice1 or to use  
any weapon b reason 9 ord] to put d[n   
:at he conceives to be errors 9         
philosophy4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 ,i d5y t  
,dr4 ,royce has any bett] or /rong]     
claim ?an myself to speak pr(essionally 
on philosophical que/ions4 ,! v book    
aga9/ :i* he presumes to w>n ! public   
pr(essionally is f\nd$ ^u lectures :i*  
,i myself pr(essionally deliv]$1 n only 
f ,dr4 ,royce's own desk & to ,dr4      
,royce's own college class1 b z a       
sub/itute = ,dr4 ,royce himself1 at !   
reque/ & by ! appo9tm5t ( 8 own         

sup]iors1 ! ,corporation & ,ov]se]s ( 8 
own ,univ]sity2 & ! s+ul> impropriety   
7to use no /rong] ^w7 ( 8 pr(essional   
w>n+ w be app>5t to e "o 9 ! light ( t  
fact4   ,,iv4  ,s f> ,i h treat$ ,dr4   
,royce's attack solely f ! lit]>y &     
e?ical po9ts ( view4 ,! legal po9t (    
view mu/ n[ be consid]$4  ,plagi>ism1   
consci\s or unconsci\s1 is a v grave &  
s]i\s *>ge to br+ aga9/ an au?or1 & "o  
:i* may entail ^u him1 n only great     
damage to 8 lit]>y reputation1 b also   
social disgrace & pecuni>y loss4 ,if    
prov$1 or ev5 if widely believ$ )\t     
pro(1 x _c b ru9 8 lit]>y c>e] & de/roy 
! m>ketable value ( 8 books2 & x matt]s 
little1 s f> z ^! practical results are 
conc]n$1 :e!r ! plagi>ism attribut$ to  
him is consci\s or unconsci\s4 ,9 an    
able editorial article on ,law & ,!ft1  
publi%$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,nation ( ,feb4  
#ab1 #ahia1 x is =cibly said3 ,au?ors or
 writ]s :o d ?is borr[+ o!r m5's ideas a
 good deal1 und\bt$ly incur discr$it by 
x ) _! fell[s & ! g5]al public4 ,x      

greatly damages a writ]'s fame to be    
rightfully accus$ ( want ( orig9ality1  
or ( imitation1 or ( gett+ mat]ials at  
second h&4 ,b no "o has ev] propos$ to  
puni% or re/ra9 ?is sort (              
misappropriation by law4 ,no "o has ev] 
cont5d$ = ! infliction on ! purlo9]s (  
o!r m5's ideas ( any p5alty b ridicule  
or disgrace4 ,:oev] wrongfully accuses  
an au?or ( plagi>ism1 !n1 holds him up  
undes]v$ly to discr$it1 ridicule1 or    
disgrace1 & sl&]s 8 title to ! product (
 8 own bra94 ,?is is contr>y to ! law4  
,yet ?is is precisely :at ,dr4 ,royce   
has done 9 accus+ me falsely1 & z a     
c]ta9 matt] ( fact1 ( borr[+ my !ory (  
univ]sals f ,hegel4 ,8 accusation is    
made ) z _m sne]s & z mu* insult z c\ld 
well be compress$ into ! space3--  ,dr4 
,abbot is hopelessly unhi/orical 9 8    
consci\sness4 ,8 ',am]ican !ory (       
univ]sals' is s f> f be+ ei!r 8 own or a
 product ( ,am]ica t 9 ?is book he      
cont9ually has to use1 9 exp\nd+ x1 "o (
 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & famili> ( ,hegel's  

te*nical t]ms1 namely1 'concrete1' 9 t  
s5se 9 :i* x is appli$ to ! objective & 
univ]sal 'g5us4' ,dr4 ,abbot's          
appropriation ( ,hegel's peculi>        
t]m9ology comes ill inde$ f "o :o talks1
 etc4 ,?is ,i say n to def5d ,hegel1 =  
^: elaborate !ory ( univ]sals ,i hold 9 
no wise a brief1 b simply 9 ! cause (   
lit]>y prop]ty-rights4 ,:5 we pl\gh )   
ano!r man's heif]1 h[ev] unconsci\s we  
are ( our appropriation1 h[ev] s9c]ely  
we seem to rememb] t we alone rais$ h] f
 h] e>lie/ calfhood1 x is yet 9 va91    
aft] all1 t we put our br& on h]1 or    
call h] ',am]ican4'444 ,n[ ,hegel's :ole
 !ory may be false2 b :at is c]ta9 is t 
,dr4 ,abbot1 :o has all 8 life be5 work+
 9 an atmosph]e :]e ,hegelian ideas 7 m 
or less infecti\s1 has d]iv$ 8 :ole !ory
 ( univ]sals1 s f> z he has yet reveal$ 
x ) any coh]5cy1 f ,hegelian s\rces1 &  
ev5 n[ _c sugge/ any bett] t]m9ology ?an
 ,hegel's = an important portion ( !    
doctr9e4 ,yet 9 ! volume be=e u we f9d  
all ?is pret5ti\s spee* ( an ',am]ican' 

!ory1 & discov] our au?or :olly unaw>e t
 he is s9n+ aga9/ ! mo/ obvi\s dem&s (  
lit]>y prop]ty-rights4  ,pass+ ov] !    
self-evid5t po9t t :oev] is unaw>e t he 
is s9n+ _c be s9n+ at all1 s9ce s9n+    
consi/s 9 be+ aw>e ( ! wrong we d1--&1  
consequ5tly1 t ,dr4 ,royce comes "h z   
ne> z he d>es to a direct ins9uation t  
my plagi>ism is consci\s1 & n           
unconsci\s1--let me call y\r att5tion to
 ! m important po9t1 t ,dr4 ,royce      
affirms my consci\s or unconsci\s !ft f 
,hegel z a matt] ( c]ta9 fact1 n m]ely z
 a matt] ( probable inf]5ce4 ,yet ! only
 evid5ce he has to (f] 9 support ( ?is  
c]ta9ty is 7#a7 t ,i use ! ^w concrete 9
 ! same s5se z ,hegel1 & 7#b7 t ,i h    
work$ all my life 9 a ,hegelian         
atmosph]e4 ,^! two po9ts cov] all !     
gr\nds ( 8 accusation4 ,p]mit me v      
briefly to exam9e !m4  7#a7 ,! ^w       
concrete is n 9 ! lea/ a te*nical t]m   
copyright$ by ,hegel1 nor is x 8        
tradem>k4 ,x is "o ( ! commone/ ( words1
 & free to all4 ,b :at sort ( a reason] 

is he :o inf]s ! id5tity ( two :ole     
complex !ories f _! co9cid5ce 9 ! use ( 
only a s+le ^w8 ,ev5 ?is poor & solit>y 
little premise slips out ( ,dr4 ,royce's
 clut*1 = ,hegel's use ( ! ^w is        
contradictory to m9e6 ,hegel has to put 
^u ! ^w concrete a v unusual1 /ra9$1 &  
artificial s5se1 9 ord] to cov] up !    
weake/ po9t ( 8 ideali/ic sy/em4 ,he    
expla9s x1 h[ev]1 frankly1 cle>ly1 &    
unambigu\sly3 ,! ,concept or ,notion    
7,begriff7 may be always call$          
'ab/ract1' if ! t]m 'concrete' mu/ be   
limit$ to ! m]e concrete ( s5sation &   
imm$iate p]ception2 ! ,notion z su* _c  
be grasp$ by ! h&s1 &1 :5 we deal ) x1  
eyes & e>s are out ( ! "q4 ,yet1 z 0    
said be=e1 ! ,notion is ! only true     
concrete4 7,encyklopdie1 ,w]ke1 ,,vi4   
#caf47 ,aga93 ,j z little is !          
s5su\s-concrete ( ,intuition a          
rational-concrete ( ! ,idea4 7,ibid41   
,w]ke1 ,,vi4 #djd47 ,a score ( simil>   
passages c easily be cit$4 ,t is to say1
 ,hegel av[$ly excludes f 8 ideali/ic   

!ory ( univ]sals ! concrete ( s5sation1 
p]ception1 intuition1 or real exp]i5ce1 
& admits into x only ! concrete ( pure  
or non-empirical ?\ght2 :ile ,i av[$ly  
exclude f my reali/ic !ory ( univ]sals !
 concrete ( pure ?\ght1 & admit into x  
only ! concrete ( real exp]i5ce4        
,hegel's concrete _c be se51 he>d1 or   
t\*$2 :ile to me no?+ :i* _c be se51    
he>d1 or t\*$ is concrete at all4 ,a m]e
 common s*ool education is q suffici5t =
 compreh5sion ( ! contradictor9ess ( ^! 
two uses ( ! ^w4 ,yet1 9 ord] to f\nd a 
malici\s *>ge ( plagi>ism1 ,dr4 ,royce  
has ! h>dihood to assure ! un9=m$ g5]al 
public t ,hegel & ,i use ! ^w concrete 9
 "o & ! same s5se6  7#b7 ,! ass]tion t  
,i h liv$ all my life 9 a ,hegelian     
atmosph]e ,i c only meet ) a %ort1 %>p1 
& indignant d5ial4 ,i "k ( no su*       
atmosph]e 9 all ,am]ica2 if x any:]e    
exi/s1 ,i c]ta9ly nev] liv$1 mov$1 or   
work$ 9 x4 ,! /atem5t is a gratuit\s1   
imp]t95t1 & totally false allegation (  
fact1 :olly outside ( my book & its     

cont5ts1 & is us$ 9 ?is connection      
solely to fea!r an arr[ %ot at my       
reputation2 x is a pure inv5tion1 a     
manufactur$ ass]tion :i* is absolutely  
)\t f\ndation1 &1 :5 ?us artfully ?r[n  
out ) app>5t artlessness 7ars cel>e     
artem7 z itself f\ndation = a false &   
malici\s *>ge ( plagi>ism1 x becomes    
fabrication ( evid5ce = ! purpose (     
defamation4 ,! less said ab\t su* an    
(f5ce z t1 ! bett] = ,dr4 ,royce1 & ,i  
sp>e him ! comm5t x des]ves4  ,n[1 :ile 
x might be fair criticism to inf] my    
plagi>ism f ,hegel1 if !re 7 only "s    
reasonable or ev5 m]ely plausible       
evid5ce to support ! inf]5ce 7:i* ,i h j
 prov$ n to be ! case71 x is            
inconte/able t to affirm ?is plagi>ism1 
z a c]ta9 matt] ( fact1 )\t any         
reasonable evid5ce at all1 is n t fair  
criticism :i* ! law ju/ly all[s1 b1 on !
 contr>y1 a totally unju/ifiable libel4 
,9 accus+ me p]sonally ( plagi>ism on no
 reasonable gr\nds :atev]1 z ,i h j     
unansw]ably prov$ him to h done1 & 9    

mak+ ! c]ta9ty ( ! plagi>ism dep5d ^u an
 allegation ( fact :olly indep5d5t ( !  
book :i* he pr(ess$ to be criticis+     
7namely1 ! false allegation t ,i h work$
 all my life 9 a ,hegelian atmosph]e71  
,dr4 ,royce has beyond all controv]sy   
transgress$ ! legally def9$ limits (    
fair criticism1 & become a libell]4  ,b 
?is is by no means all4 ,if ! bat-l     
accusation ( an unconsci\s1 yet s9n+ 7or
 s9ful7 plagi>ism hov]s ambigu\sly      
betwe5 attack+ my lit]>y reputation &   
attack+ my moral "*1 !re is no su*      
ambiguity hang+ ab\t ! accusation (     
extravagant pret5sions z to ! orig9ality
 & pr(undity ( my /ill unpubli%$ sy/em (
 philosophy4 ,a dec5t mode/y1 a         
self-respectful res]ve1 a manly humility
 9 pres5ce ( ! unatta9able ideal ( ei!r 
moral or intellectual p]fection1 a      
spee*less rev]5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( ei!r    
inf9ite goodness or inf9ite tru?1--^!   
are virtues :i* belong to ! v w>p & wo( 
( all noble1 elevat$1 & ju/ly e/imable  
"*2 & :]ev] _! abs5ce is conspicu\sly   

%[n1 !re is j gr\nd = moral condemnation
 & ! contempt ( mank9d4 ,dr4 ,royce has 
n scrupl$ to accuse me ( mak+1 n only   
pret5sions1 b ev5 extravagant           
pret5sions1 :i* are absolutely          
incompatible ) ! possession ( ^!        
beautiful & ess5tial virtues1 & !reby to
 hold me up to univ]sal contempt &      
d]ision4 ,he has done ?is1 by ! v t]ms (
 8 accusation1 absolutely & confess$ly  
)\t cause2 = ! sy/em ( philosophy :i* is
 unpubli%$ to o!rs is no less unpubli%$ 
to him1 & an accusation ?us made        
confess$ly )\t any k ( its tru? is1 on !
 v face ( x1 an accusation :i* is z     
malici\s z x is gr\ndless4 ,to make su* 
a self-prov$ & self-condemn$ accusation 
z ?is is1 ,i submit1 to be guilty (     
libel ) no ord9>y degree ( culpability4 
,b ! libel ( :i* ,i h greate/ cause to  
compla9 is n conf9$ to exceptional or   
isolat$ expressions4 ,^! might *>itably 
be expla9$ z m]e mom5t>y ebullitions (  
petti%ness or sple51 & p>donable z m]ely
 faults ( temp] 9 a criticism :i* 0 9 ! 

ma9 consci5ti\s & fair4 ,b ! libel ( :i*
 ,i compla9 mo/ ( all is "o t con/itutes
 ! entire gr\nd & framework ( ! article 
z a :ole4 ,e "p ( x is me?odically spun 
& int]wov5 ) e o!r "p1 9 su* a way z to 
make x "o seamless tissue ( libel f     
beg9n+ to end4 ,?is ,i say 9 full       
consci\sness ( ! int]sp]s$ occasional   
complim5ts1 s9ce ^! h only ! effect (   
disguis+ ! libell\s int5t ( ! :ole f a  
simple-m9d$ or c>eless read]1 & s9ce !y 
subs]ve ! purpose ( furni%+ to ! writ] a
 plausible & ready-made def5ce ( 8 libel
 aga9/ a =ese5 prote/4 ,complim5ts to   
eke out a libel are m]ely insults 9     
masqu]ade4 ,! libell\s plan ( ! article 
z a :ole is %[n 9 ! regul> sy/em ( gross
 & /udi$ misrepres5tation1 ( logically  
connect$ & nicely dovetail$ mis/atem5ts 
( facts1 :i* ,i expos$ at ! outset4 ,e  
intellig5t read] ( my two books is      
p]fectly aw>e t !y are bo? devot$ to an 
exposition ( ! fundam5tal &             
irreconcilable conflict betwe5          
philosophical idealism & sci5tific      

realism1 & to a def5ce ( ! latt] aga9/ !
 =m]1 z ! only possible me?od by :i* a  
spiritual !ism c be intellectually1 &   
!re=e successfully1 def5d$ 9 ?is age (  
sci5ce4 ,only "o :o has read & dige/$ ! 
two books c fully appreciate ! enormity 
& ! unscrupul\sness ( ! initial         
misrepres5tation1 slipp$ 91 z x 71 q    
casually1 & )\t any argum5t1 9 !        
app>5tly incid5tal & matt]-(-c\rse      
/atem5t t my conclusion is ess5tially   
ideali/ic4 ,x is n ideali/ic at all1 b z
 radically reali/ic z ! premises        
!mselves2 & no pr(essor ( philosophy    
c\ld ev] h call$ x ideali/ic by a m]e   
slip ( ! tongue or p54 ,! intellig5t    
orig9 ( ?is misrepres5tation is cle>ly  
en\gh sugge/$ 9 ! use to :i* x is at    
once put3 namely1 to r5d] plausible !   
o!rwise ridicul\s *>ge t my !ory (      
univ]sals 0 borr[$ f an ideali/4 ,next1 
! same orig9 is m ?an sugge/$ by ! use  
to :i* ^! two misrepres5tations toge!r  
are put3 namely1 to %[ t any claim (    
novelty = a m]ely borr[$ philosophy is a

 va/ & extravagant pret5sion4 ,la/ly1 ! 
same orig9 is inductively & conclusively
 prov$1 :5 ^! ?ree int]-l9k$            
misrepres5tations1 z a :ole1 are made ! 
g5]al f\ndation = a brutal pr(essional  
w>n+ to ! public at l>ge aga9/ my       
philosophical pret5sions 9 g5]al4 ,n "o 
( ^! fundam5tal positions ( ,dr4        
,royce's article is a fact1--lea/ ( all1
 an admitt$ fact2 on ! contr>y1 ea* ( !m
 is en]getically & indignantly d5i$4 ,b 
! libel ( :i* ,i compla9 above all is ! 
regul> sy/em ( gross & /udi$            
misrepres5tation by :i* ! mo/ ess5tial  
facts are fir/ mis/at$ & falsifi$1 & !n 
us$ to ! injury ( my lit]>y & p]sonal   
reputation4  ,x may1 ,i tru/1 be p]mitt$
 to me "h to %[ cle>ly :at ! law is1 z  
applicable to ! case 9 h&1 by a few     
p]t95t citations4  ,! critic mu/ conf9e 
himself to criticism1 & n make x ! veil 
= p]sonal c5sure1 nor all[ himself to   
run into reckless & unfair attacks1     
m]ely f ! love ( ex]cis+ 8 p[] (        
d5unciation4 ,criticism & comm5t on     

well-kn[n & admitt$ facts are v diff]5t 
?+s f ! ass]tion ( unsub/antiat$ facts4 
,a fair & bona fide comm5t on a matt] ( 
public int]e/ is an excuse ( :at w\ld   
o!rwise be a defamatory publication4 ,! 
/atem5t ( ?is rule assumes ! matt]s (   
fact comm5t$ on to be someh[ asc]ta9$4  
,x does n mean t a man may inv5t facts1 
& comm5t on ! facts s inv5t$ 9 :at w\ld 
be a fair & bona fide mann]1 on !       
supposition t ! facts 7 true4 ,if !     
facts z a comm5t ^u :i* ! publication is
 s\ght to be excus$ d n exi/1 !         
f\ndation fails4444 ,! di/9ction _c be  
too cle>ly borne 9 m9d betwe5 comm5t or 
criticism & allegations ( fact4444 ,to  
/ate matt]s :i* are libell\s is n comm5t
 or criticism4 7,newell on ,defamation1 
,sl&]1 & ,libel1 p4 #efh47 ,apply+ ?is  
to ! case 9 h&3 ! admitt$ facts are ^!3 
7#a7 my philosophy is reali/ic f beg9n+ 
to end2 7#b7 ,i h n work$ all my life1  
nor any "p ( my life1 9 a ,hegelian     
atmosph]e2 7#c7 ,i did n borr[ my !ory (
 univ]sals f ,hegel2 7#d7 ,i h made no  

va/ or extravagant pret5sions :atev] z  
to my own philosophy4 ,b ,dr4 ,royce    
inv5ts & /ates ! exact opposite ( all ^!
 facts1 & !n bases on ^! purely inv5t$  
facts mo/ undes]v$ p]sonal c5sure & mo/ 
reckless & unfair attacks4 ,!re=e1 8    
article is a libel 9 its :ole gr\ndwork 
& ess5tial _s4  ,if a p]son1 "u pret5ce 
( criticis+ a lit]>y "w1 defames !      
private "* ( ! au?or1 &1 in/ead ( writ+ 
9 ! _s & = ! purpose ( fair & c&id      
discussion1 travels into collat]al      
matt]1 & introduces facts n /at$ 9 ! "w1
 accompani$ ) injuri\s comm5t ^u !m1 su*
 p]son is a libell]1 & liable to an     
action4 7,broom's ,legal ,maxims1 p4    
#cbj47 ,apply+ ?is to ! case 9 h&3 ,dr4 
,royce defames my private "*1 :5 he     
accuses me ( frequ5tly indulg+ 9        
extravagant pret5sions2 he travels into 
collat]al matt]1 :5 he alludes at all to
 my unpubli%$ manuscript2 he introduces 
facts n /at$ 9 ! "w1 accompani$ )       
injuri\s comm5t ^u !m1 :5 he alludes to 
?is unpubli%$ manuscript = ! sole       

purpose ( say+ 7untru?fully7 t ,i       
frequ5tly make1 ( late1 extravagant     
pret5sions z to its orig9ality &        
pr(undity1 & aga9 :5 he says t ,i h     
work$ all my life 9 a ,hegelian         
atmosph]e1 = ! sole purpose ( f\nd+ ^u  
?is false /atem5t a false *>ge (        
plagi>ism4  ,9 ! ,griffi? ,gaunt case1  
,judge ,cl]ke said 9 8 *>ge to ! jury3  
,! int]e/s ( lit]ature & sci5ce require 
t ! productions ( au?ors %all be subject
 to fair criticism1--t ev5 "s           
animadv]sion may be p]mitt$1 unless x   
appe>s t ! critic1 "u ! pretext (       
review+ 8 book1 takes an opportunity (  
attack+ ! "* ( ! au?or1 & ( hold+ him up
 z an object ( ridicule1 hatr$1 or      
contempt4 ,9 o!r words1 ! critic may say
 :at he pleases ( ! lit]>y m]its or     
dem]its ( ! publi%$ production ( an     
au?or2 b1 ) respect to 8 p]sonal rights 
relat+ to 8 reputation1 ! critic has no 
m privilege ?an any o!r p]son n assum+ !
 bus9ess ( criticism4 7,abbott's        
,practice ,reports1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,,vi4  

#ah47 ,apply+ ?is to ! case 9 h&3 ,dr4  
,royce1 "u ! pretext ( review+ my book1 
takes an opportunity ( attack+ ! au?or1 
& ( hold+ him up z an object ( ridicule 
& contempt1 if ridicule & contempt are !
 des]v$ly univ]sal puni%m5t ( ! plagi>i/
 & ! bragg>t4 ,to s unprec$5t$ a l5g?   
has he c>ri$ ?is attack1 z delib]ately &
 =mally1 9 ! "n ( 8 pr(ession1 & !re=e1 
by necess>y implication1 9 ! "n ( ,h>v>d
 ,univ]sity itself1 to w>n ! lib]al-m9d$
 public aga9/ me1 precisely z "o w>ns ! 
g5]al public aga9/ an impo/or solicit+  
alms "u false pret5ces6 ,?is is a       
flagrant violation ( my p]sonal rights  
relat+ to my reputation2 &1 !re=e1      
accord+ to ! above judicial rul+ ( an   
,am]ican c\rt1 ,dr4 ,royce is guilty (  
wanton & unprovok$ libel aga9/ "o :o    
nev] injur$ him 9 ! slighte/ degree4  ,9
 ! case ( ,/rauss v]sus ,francis1 ,*ief 
,ju/ice ,cockburn said3 ,! "q is z to ! 
article z a :ole4444 ,! v]dict mu/ be ^u
 ! article z a :ole1 & :e!r1 z a :ole1 x
 is to be deem$ malici\s & libell\s4    

7,fo/] & ,f9lason's ,reports1 ,,iv4     
#aajg47 ,apply+ ?is to ! case 9 h&3 ,dr4
 ,royce's o/5sible review pres5ts its   
d>ke/1 mo/ odi\s1 & mo/ libell\s aspect 
to him :o mo/ ?or\ghly1 p5etrat+ly1 &   
compreh5sively /udies out ! inn]        
/ructure ( its argum5t z a :ole1 & :o   
mo/ intellig5tly comp>es x ) ! book :i* 
x falsely pr(esses to criticise fairly4 
,all[ me to quote "h a passage f page   
#ci ( ! ,way out ( ,agno/icism 9 ord]   
simply to %[ y h[ uncompromis+ly ?is    
passage1 :i* sums up ! entire results ( 
! fir/ half ( ! book & lum9\sly =eca/s !
 entire conclusion ( ! :ole1 plants my  
sy/em on ! side ( ,realism3--  ,!       
sci5tific1 mod]n1 or ,am]ican !ory (    
univ]sals1 :i* results necess>ily f     
analysis ( ! sci5tific me?od1 is        
,sci5tific ,realism1 z oppos$ to        
,philosophical ,idealism2 & x det]m9es !
 subdivision ( sci5tific philosophy into
 its ?ree great dep>tm5ts1 ! !ories (   
,be+1 ( ,kn[+1 & ( ,do+4 ,! sci5tific   
!ory ( ,be+ results f analysis ( !      

,g5us-9-itself1 & con/itutes ontology or
 ,con/ructive ,realism1 z oppos$ to all 
=ms ( ,con/ructive ,idealism4 ,!        
sci5tific !ory ( ,k results f analysis (
 ! ,concept1 & con/itutes psy*ology or  
,critical ,realism1 z oppos$ to all =ms 
( transc5d5tal or ,critical ,idealism4  
,! sci5tific !ory ( ,conduct results f  
analysis ( ! ,^w1 & con/itutes          
an?roponomy 7includ+ e?ics1 politics1 & 
art 9 its wide/ s5se71 sociology1 or    
,e?ical ,realism1 z oppos$ to all =ms ( 
,e?ical ,idealism4 ,! sci5tific !ory ( !
 univ]se1 z ! absolute union ( ,be+1    
,kn[+1 & ,do+ 9 ! ,"o & ,all1 results f 
compreh5sion ( ^! ?ree !ories 9 complete
 organic unity1 & con/itutes organic    
philosophy1 sci5tific !ology1 or        
,religi\s ,realism1 z oppos$ to all =ms 
( ,religi\s ,idealism4  ,i submit ?is   
long extract to y1 g5tlem51 n to bore y 
) metaphysical speculations1 b simply to
 enable y1 z educat$ m5 :o und]/& !     
mean+ ( pla9 & /raight=w>d ,engli% on   
any subject1 to foll[ ! twi/+s & turn+s 

( an extraord9>ily s9u\s & dis+5u\s     
intellect1 & intellig5tly to decide a "q
 :i* ne$s "h to be settl$ cle>ly 9 y\r  
own m9ds3 c\ld any compet5t pr(essor (  
philosophy1 und]tak+ to give1 z a fair  
critic1 a tru?ful acc\nt to ! public ( !
 cont5ts ( my book1 read t passage1 &   
!n1 omitt+ all ref]5ce to ! contra/ !re 
& ev]y:]e made betwe5 realism &         
idealism1 hone/ly tell t public1 )\t any
 fur!r in=mation at all on ! subject1 t 
! conclusion ( my philosophy is         
ess5tially ideali/ic8  ,yet t is !      
consci5celess misrepres5tation ) :i*    
,dr4 ,royce prep>es ! way = all t is to 
foll[1 deceives ! read] at ! v outset1  
pr$isposes him to believe ! prepo/]\s   
*>ge t ,i appropriat$ my ma9 !ory f !   
great ideali/ ,hegel1 ar\ses 8          
indignation or mir?1 z ! case may be1 at
 my alleg$ /rutt+ ab\t 9 borr[$ plumes1 
& s leads him at la/ to applaud !       
righte\s ca/igation ( ! pr(essional     
w>n+1 by :i* ! peacock-fea!rs are made  
to fly 9 all directions & ,i myself am  

sc\rg$ back among my bro!r-jackdaws1 !  
impo/ors1 *>latans1 & quacks ( myriad   
k9ds4 ,?is is ! purport & ! _s ( ,dr4   
,royce's o/5sible review1 z a :ole4 ,is 
x ! fair criticism :i* ! law all[s8 ,or 
is x ! libel :i* ! law condemns8 ,is x !
 fair & critical judgm5t :i* y\r sil5ce 
%all sanction1 z ,h>v>d's (ficial v]dict
 on my "w8 ,or is x ! libell\s & vulg>  
abuse :i* y\r spee* %all rebuke1 z %am+ 
,h>v>d m ?an me by br++ ! e?ics & mann]s
 ( ! lit]>y ,b$\9 into ! pr(essor's     
*air8   ,v4  ,b1 g5tlem51 ! grave/      
aspect ( ,dr4 ,royce's o/5sible review  
rema9s /ill to be consid]$4 ,is         
libel--vulg>1 viol5t1 & brutal libel--! 
means by :i* ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1         
repres5t$ by "o ( h] pr(essors (        
philosophy :o op5ly claims to address ! 
g5]al public 9 ! "n ( 8 (fice & ( h]1   
proposes to realize ! l(ty ideal ( h]   
,presid5t1 & make h]self ! philosophical
 pione] = ea* new g5]ation 9 ! pursuit (
 tru?8 ,is ?is ! welcome :i* %e accords 
to s]i\s1 dignifi$1 & n uns*ol>ly works1

 giv+ ! results1 h[ev] p>tially &       
imp]fectly wr\ght out1 ( pati5t &       
indep5d5t reflection = m ?an ?irty ye>s 
on ! highe/ problems ( human life &     
?\ght8 ,is ?is ! be/ sympa?y &          
enc\ragem5t %e has to (f] to h] own sons
 :5 !y take up 9 e>ne/ ! task ( help+ h]
 to realize h] own ideal8 ,is ?is !     
attitude 9 :i* %e confronts ! great     
que/ions ( ! age1 & ! _s :i* %e aims to 
fo/] 9 h] "y m58 ,i d n believe x2 b y  
alone1 g5tlem51 c give ! au?oritative   
answ] to su* qu]ies4  ,:5 civil s]vice  
re=m]s plead ! urg5t necessity (        
political re=m1 !y are irrelevantly *>g$
 by ! adh]5ts ( ! spoils sy/em ) be+    
hypocrites & ph>isees4 ,precisely s1 :5 
,i plead ! urg5t necessity (            
philosophical re=m1 ,i am irrelevantly  
*>g$ by ,dr4 ,royce1 9 effect1 ) be+ a  
false pret5d]1 a plagi>i/1 & an impo/or4
 ,! *>ge is j z true 9 "o case z 9 !    
o!r4 ,b1 be ! *>ge true or untrue1 !    
att5tion ( ke5 & c&id m9ds is n to be   
div]t$ by ?is p]fectly transp>5t device 

f ! ma9 po9t ( re=m4  ,:at is ?is ne$$  
philosophical re=m8  ,briefly1 to       
sub/itute ! sci5tific me?od = !         
ideali/ic me?od 9 philosophy1 z ! only  
possible means1 9 ?is critical &        
sceptical age1 ( mak+ e?ics & religion s
 reasonable z to comm& ! cont9u$        
allegiance ( reasonable m9ds4           
,unphilosophiz$ sci5ce conceives !      
univ]se z no?+ b a ,ma*9e-,_w2 & 9 ?is  
conception !re is no room = any ,e?ical 
,ideal4 ,unsci5tific philosophy         
conceives ! univ]se z no?+ b a          
,?\ght-,_w2 & 9 ?is conception !re is no
 room = any ,me*anical ,real4 ,on !     
possibility ( develop+ a sci5tific      
philosophy out ( ! sci5tific me?od      
itself mu/ dep5d at la/ ! only          
possibility1 = reasonable m51 ( believ+ 
equally 9 ! real pr9ciples ( me*anical  
sci5ce & 9 ! ideal pr9ciples ( e?ical   
sci5ce4 ,to-day ! greate/ ob/acle to su*
 a reasonable belief is ! philosophical 
idealism :i* directly contradicts x2 & !
 greate/ re=m ne$$ 9 mod]n ?\ght1 above 

all 9 ! !ory ( e?ics1 is ! sub/itution (
 ! sci5tific me?od = ! ideali/ic me?od 9
 philosophy itself4  ,! cause (         
philosophical re=m1 inde$1 _c be long   
delay$ by any ,phili/9ism 9 ^? :o1 by _!
 pr(essional position1 ought to be its  
mo/ ard5t fri5ds4 ,! me?od ( sci5ce is  
de/9$ to revolutionize philosophy--to   
mod]nize x by f\nd+ x anew ^u a ?or\ghly
 reali/ic & sci5tific !ory ( univ]sals4 
,! net result ( all ! physical sci5ces  
?us f>1 ! "o fix$ result to :i* all _!  
o!r results /eadily po9t ) increas+ly   
evid5t conv]g5ce1 is t ! already kn[n   
con/itution ( ! real univ]se is t ( !   
,ma*9e4 ,?is univ]sal fix$ result1 & n  
m]e individual self-consci\sness1 is !  
necess>y & only beg9n+-po9t ( a         
con/ructive philosophy ( ,nature2 =1 :]e
 ! special sci5ces end1 !re univ]sal    
philosophy mu/ beg94 ,x is ! task (     
philosophy to-day to %[ t !             
unque/ionably me*anical con/itution ( ! 
univ]se1 in/ead ( be+ ! ultimate b\nd>y 
( sci5tific inve/igation1 is m]ely !    

/>t+-po9t 9 a new s]ies ( inve/igations1
 no less sci5tific ?an ^? ( physical    
sci5ce1 b f> m pr(\nd2 & to %[ t !      
me*anical con/itution itself1 :5 deeply 
/udi$ & compreh5d$1 necess>ily involves 
! organic & ! p]sonal con/itutions4 ,9  
?is way1 & ,i believe 9 no o!r way1 c x 
be prov$ to ! satisfaction ( ! mod]n    
intellig5ce t ! ,me*anical ,real itself1
 at bottom1 includes ! ,e?ical ,ideal--t
 ! ,moral ,law1 ! ,div9e ,ideal itself1 
is ! inn]mo/ ,fact ( ,nature4 ,i h made1
 & make n[1 n ! slighte/ p]sonal        
pret5sion2 b1 f9d+ 9 all my read+ no    
outl9e ( any su* argum5t z ?is1 &       
believ+ x to be fruitful ( ! v noble/   
results1 ,i h done my be/ to po9t out   
its possibilities to o!r e>ne/ se>*]s   
aft] tru?4 ,n until ?is new field has   
be5 fai?fully exam9$ & explor$ & prov$  
to be /]ile1 %all ,i cease to recomm5d x
 to ! att5tion ( all :o w\ld fa9 see    
reason to believe t ! ,e?ical ,ideal is 
no ,unreality1 b r ! inn]mo/ ,reality ( 
! real univ]se itself4 ,i speak only to 

^? :o h s\ls to he> & to respond2 let ! 
re/ li/5 to ,dr4 ,royce1 & be dupes ( 8 
pr(essional w>n+4 ,b ! cause (          
philosophical re=m w n be /ay$ by him or
 by !m3 ! _w's he>t is hungry = high]   
tru? ?an idealism c discov]1 & w be     
grateful 9 ! end to any philosophy :i*  
%all %[ :at mighty moral conviction1 :at
 unspeakable spiritual invigoration1 mu/
 ne$s gr[ out ( compreh5sion ( ! despis$
 ,real4  ,^! ?\ghts are n remote        
ab/ractions1 up 9 ! air1 out ( rea*1 (  
no practical value or application2 !y   
t\* ! v life & s\l ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 
,= want ( su* ?\ghts1 _m ( ! brighte/ & 
mo/ intellectual ( h] /ud5ts1 graduates 
f ! philosophical c\rses1 g out ye> aft]
 ye> disbeliev+ totally 9 ! possibility 
( arriv+ at any fundam5tal tru? :atev]1 
ev5 9 e?ics4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 ! !n     
,presid5t ( ! ,h>v>d ,philosophical     
,club said 9 my he>+ t he saw no gr\nd (
 moral obligation any:]e 9 ! univ]se2 & 
?is decl>ation 0 app>5tly ass5t$ to by e
 "o ( ! fifte5 or tw5ty memb]s pres5t4  

,?is v la/ summ]1 a rec5t graduate told 
me t he left college bewild]$1 depress$1
 & di%e>t5$1 because he saw n[h]e any   
gr\nd ( rational conviction ab\t any?+2 
& t x 0 j ! same ) all ! o!r fell[s--t  
is1 all 8 companions 9 ! /udy (         
philosophy4 ,x is "t1 high "t1 t ?is    
/ate ( ?+s %\ld be se>*+ly inve/igat$ 9 
! int]e/ ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity itself1 !  
facts det]m9$1 _! causes asc]ta9$4 ,:ile
 su* a /ate ( ?+s prevails1 ,h>v>d      
conspicu\sly fails to be a philosophical
 pione] except 9 a di/9ctly retrograde  
direction--conspicu\sly fails to dis*>ge
 ! highe/ s]vice :i* %e owes to ! _w3   
namely1 to s5d out h] "y graduates well 
arm$ be=eh& = ! battle ( life ) cle>1   
/rong1 & l(ty moral convictions4 ,:atev]
 o!r causes may exi/ = ! failure1 "o    
cause at lea/ is c]ta9--! self-prov$ &  
amaz+ inability ( "o ( h] pr(essors (   
philosophy to give an hone/ or          
intellig5t reception to a ?\ghtful1     
closely reason$1 & e>ne/ plea =         
philosophical re=m 9 ?is v direction1 or

 to criticise x ) any?+ bett] ?an       
irrelevant & unp>liam5t>y p]sonalities1 
/udi$ & sy/ematic misrepres5tation bo? (
 ! plea & ( ! plead]1 & a demoraliz+    
example ( libel1 s bitt] & s extreme z  
to furni% abundant gr\nd = prosecution4 
,,vi4  ,"h1 g5tlem51 y may v prop]ly    
inquire3 ,:y d y n1 !n1 prosecute ,dr4  
,royce 9 ! c\rts1 in/ead ( br++ ! case  
be=e u8  ,briefly1 because ,i h n yet   
exhau/$ ^? mild] means ( obta9+ r$ress  
:i* x befits a peaceable & non-litigi\s 
citiz5 to employ be=e resort+ to legal  
measures4 ,y w\ld h _h j cause to       
compla9 ( me1 if ,i _h precipitately    
prosecut$ "o ( y\r pr(essors = a        
pr(essional attack )\t giv+ y previ\sly 
an opportunity to discipl9e him 9 y\r   
own way1 & 9 dignifi$ recognition ( y\r 
own ultimate responsibility4 ,a         
prosecution may n1 ,i tru/ w n1 prove   
necess>y2 = ,i h nei!r malice nor       
v9dictiv5ess to gratify1 b only a       
resolute purpose to def5d my reputation 
effectually aga9/ a malici\s libel1 & n 

to p]mit ! libell] to set up a plausible
 claim t1 by sil5ce & passive           
submission1 ,i tacitly confess ! ju/ice 
( an (ficial condemnation by ,h>v>d     
,univ]sity ( my 'philosophical          
pret5sions4' ,except = t "o phrase1     
pr(essional w>n+1 9 ,dr4 ,royce's       
attack1 ?is appeal w\ld nev] h be5      
writt51 or ! lea/ notice tak5 ( 8       
intr9sically pu]ile criticisms4 ,:5 ,mr4
 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 :om ,i h m ?an once     
publicly criticis$1 c yet magnanim\sly  
write to me ( ?is v book1 ,i d n see any
 probability t x w *ange my beliefs1 yet
 ,i rejoice t ! subject %\ld be s well  
discuss$1--& ,mr4 ,william ,ew>t        
,glad/one1 ,i am v consci\s ( ! =ce )   
:i* y h&le ! subject1--& ex-,presid5t   
,noah ,port]1 ,i ?ank y v s9c]ely = s5d+
 me a copy ( y\r la/ book2 ,i _h already
 read x ne>ly twice1 & f\nd mu* 9 x v   
admirable & timely1--,i c\ld v well af=d
 to pass ov] ,dr4 ,royce's ineffectual  
criticisms ) indiff]5ce4 ,b :5 he       
ins9uates to ! un9=m$ public t ^! same  

criticisms h ! weighty sanction ( ,h>v>d
 ,univ]sity1 x is q ano!r matt]4 ,t     
calls ^u me to def5d myself aga9/ s     
atroci\s a calumny4  ,b ev5 self-def5ce 
has its proprieties1 & to ^! ,i         
scrupul\sly submit4 ,! fir/ /ep 0 to s5d
 a reply to ! p]iodical :i* publi%$ !   
attack4 ,?is 0 s5t4 ,at fir/1 ,dr4      
,royce effusively agre$ to its          
publication1 & wrote a rejo9d] to be    
publi%$ simultane\sly ) x4 ,lat]1 9     
al>m1 he procur$ its rejection1 &1 ?r\gh
 legal c\nsel1 s]v$ a =mal notice ^u me 
n to publi% or to circulate x at all4 ,!
 second /ep 0 to dem& f ,dr4 ,royce a   
specific retraction & apology2 ?is he   
contemptu\sly refus$4 ,! ?ird /ep 0 to  
appeal f ! recalcitrant employee to !   
responsible employ]1 & to lay ! case    
respectfully be=e ! supreme             
repres5tatives ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity      
itself4 ,?is ,i n[ d1 & x is entirely   
unnecess>y to look any f>!r4 ,b1 9 ord] 
to lay ! case be=e y fully1 x is        
incumb5t ^u me to /ate ! details ( ^!   

proce$+s ) "s m9ut5ess1 & ,i n[ proce$  
to unfold ! extraord9>y tale4   ,,vii4  
,dr4 ,royce w\nd up 8 o/5sible review ) 
^! words ( bravado & ( *all5ge3 ,we mu/ 
%[ no m]cy1--z we ask none4 ,?is fi]ce  
fl\ri% ( trumpets ,i und]/ood to be1 at 
lea/1 a fe>less public pl$ge ( a fair   
he>+ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics ( :i* he 0 "o 
( ! editors4 ,moreov]1 ,i conceiv$ t a  
magaz9e expressly devot$ to e?ics w\ld  
be a%am$ n to practise ! e?ics :i* x    
prea*$--a%am$ n to grant to ! accus$ a  
fre$om scrupul\sly made equal to t :i* x
 _h already grant$ to ! accus]4 ,la/ly1 
,i 0 av]se to litigation1 & desir$ to   
use no co>s] weapon1 ev5 aga9/ a        
calumniator & libell]1 ?an ! %>p edge ( 
reason itself4  ,accord+ly1 ,i s\ght    
r$ress 9 ! fir/ in/ance f !             
,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics4 ,on     
,janu>y #ba1 ,i mail$ to ,mr4 ,s4 ,burns
 ,we/on1 ! (fice editor1 an article 9   
reply to ,dr4 ,royce's o/5sible review1 
toge!r ) a lett] 9 :i* ,i wrote3 ,i d n 
at all compla9 ( y\r publi%+ ,dr4       

,royce's orig9al article1 al?\gh x 0 a  
mo/ malici\s & sl&]\s "o1 & und]took 7n 
to put too f9e a po9t ^u x7 to po/ me   
publicly z a quack4 ,if y d n d5y my    
indefeasible "r to be he>d 9 self-def5ce
 9 ! same columns1 ,i %all feel t ,i h  
no cause :atev] to reg>d y or y\r       
committee z a p>ty to ! outrage1 & %all 
ent]ta9 no feel+s t[>ds y or t[>ds !m   
o!r ?an su* z are p]fectly fri5dly4 ,let
 ev5 sl&] & malice be he>d1 if tru? %all
 be z free to reply4 ,press+ engagem5ts 
_h prev5t$ me f writ+ ! article 9 season
 = ! ,janu>y numb] ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1
 b x 0 9 ample season = ! ,april numb]4 
,i s5t x at la/ because ,i _h full      
confid5ce 9 ! s\ndness ( :at ,?omas     
,jeff]son said s well3 ,tru? & reason c 
ma9ta9 !mselves )\t ! aid ( co]cion1 if 
left free to def5d !mselves4 ,b !n !y   
mu/ def5d !mselves4 ,et]nal lies &      
sophisms on "o side1 & sil5ce on ! o!r1 
are too unequal4  ,! ,int]national      
,j\rnal ( ,e?ics is "u ! control ( an   
editorial committee ( eight1 ,dr4 ,felix

 ,adl] at ! head & ,dr4 ,royce at ! end2
 ! o!r six memb]s live 9 ,europe & h no 
%>e 9 ! home managem5t4 ,mr4 ,we/on is n
 a memb] ( ! committee1 has little      
editorial au?ority1 &1 9 case (         
disagreem5t betwe5 ! two ,am]ican       
memb]s1 w\ld1 z he himself expressly &  
frankly in=m$ me 9 answ] to a direct "q1
 obey implicitly ! directions ( ,dr4    
,adl]4 ,to ,dr4 ,adl]1 !re=e1 belongs ! 
g5]al & ultimate editorial              
responsibility1 :e!r legal or moral1    
s9ce1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,we/]n's j quot$  
decl>ation1 ,dr4 ,adl] alone has actual 
p[] ei!r to procure or to prev5t        
publication2 :ile to ,dr4 ,royce is     
assign$ m]ely ! special dep>tm5t (      
!oretical e?ics4 ,h5ce ,dr4 ,adl] & ,dr4
 ,royce 7 jo9tly responsible = ! orig9al
 libel1 ! latt] = writ+ x1 ! =m] =      
publi%+ x2 b ,dr4 ,adl] alone 0         
editorially responsible = publi%+ or    
refus+ to publi% my reply to x4 ,x 0 to 
,dr4 ,adl] alone1 z responsible         
editor-9-*ief ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 t ,i

 look$ = publication ( my def5ce1 z !   
be/ possible rep>ation = ! wrong done 9 
publi%+ ! libell\s attack2 & ,i look$ to
 him ) confid5ce = ?is p>tial &         
inadequate rep>ation1 believ+ t1 z head 
( ! e?ical culture movem5t1 he w\ld be  
anxi\s to conduct ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics 9  
accordance ) ! highe/ pr9ciples (       
ju/ice1 honor1 & fair play4  ,to my     
a/oni%m5t & indignation1 h[ev]1 my      
manuscript1 in/ead ( be+ consid]$ &     
f9ally pass$ ^u by ,dr4 ,adl]1 0 =w>d$  
by him or by 8 direction to ,dr4 ,royce6
 ,! latt]1 gett+ w9d ( x1 _h insi/$ t x 
belong$ to 8 dep>tm5t ( !oretical e?ics1
 & claim$ ! "r to edit x ) a rejo9d] 9 !
 same issue4 ,no?+ c\ld be conceiv$ m   
unfair or m absurd4 ,a libel _h be5     
publi%$ by ,dr4 ,adl]1 & ,dr4 ,adl] s5t 
! def5ce aga9/ ?is libel to be edit$ by 
! libell] himself6 ,prote/ 0 9 va94 ,dr 
,adl] d5i$ 8 own moral responsibility1  
wa%$ 8 h&s ( ! :ole affair1 & ev5 refus$
 to enlight5 himself z to 8 own duty    
7not)/&+ my urg5t reque/ t he %\ld d s7 

by tak+ c\nsel ( "s wise & able lawy] ( 
8 own acqua9tance4 ,in/ead ( do+ ?is1 he
 affect$ to consid] my self-def5ce aga9/
 a libel z m]ely a reply to an ord9>y   
book-criticism1 made a few inquiries z  
to ! usual practice ( j\rnals ) ref]5ce 
to book-criticisms alone1 turn$ my      
article ov] to ,dr4 ,royce z "o on      
!oretical e?ics1 & p]mitt$ him to atta* 
to x a rejo9d] :i* reit]at$ ! orig9al   
libel ) additions & improvem5ts1 b 9 :i*
 he took pa9s to say ( my reply3 ,i may 
add t ev5 n[ x does n occur to me to    
feel p]sonally w\nd$1 nor yet uneasy at 
,dr4 ,abbot's pres5t w>m?4 ,^! words h a
 peculi> int]e/ ) ref]5ce to 8 lat]     
legal notice aga9/ all publication or   
circulation ( ?is v reply3 8 assum$ or  
g5u9e pa*yd]mat\sness soon gave way to  
fe>ful appreh5sion ( its effect ^u !    
public m9d4  ,9 no s5se :atev] 0 my     
reply an article on !oretical e?ics4 ,to
 :at "p ( ! !ory ( e?ics belongs ,dr4   
,royce's false p]sonal accusation (     
extravagant pret5sions8 ,to :at "p ( !  

!ory ( e?ics belongs ,dr4 ,royce's false
 p]sonal accusation ( s9n+ aga9/ ! mo/  
obvi\s dem&s ( lit]>y prop]ty-rights8   
,to :at "p ( ! !ory ( e?ics belongs ,dr4
 ,royce's pr(essional w>n+ aga9/        
pret5sions :i* 7 nev] made8 ,8 false    
accusations & _! false gr\nds 7 ! ma9   
!me ( my article1 & !y _h no?+ to d )   
!oretical e?ics1 ,dr ,adl] & ,dr4 ,royce
 to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,dr4 ,royce _h no
 %ad[ ( "r to set up s prepo/]\s a      
claim1 & ,dr4 ,adl] _h no %ad[ ( "r to  
yield to x1 z he weakly did1 !reby      
violat+ 8 own und5iable obligation1 z   
editor-9-*ief1 to d 8 utmo/ to repair ! 
wrong :i* he himself _h done 9 publi%+ a
 libel4 ,my article 0 av[$ly no?+ b a   
def5ce aga9/ ?is libel1 &1 z su*1 0     
necess>ily address$ to ! responsible    
editor ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 n to !     
sub-editor ( "o ( its special           
dep>tm5ts--mo/ assur$ly n to ! libell]  
himself4 ,! only fair & j c\rse 0 to    
publi% ?is def5ce alone by itself1      
precisely z ! libel _h be5 publi%$ alone

 by itself1 & aft]w>ds to all[ ,dr4     
,royce to foll[ x1 if he pleas$1 ) a    
rejo9d] 9 ! succe$+ numb]4 ,i made n !  
slighte/ objection to "o rejo9d] or a   
doz5 rejo9d]s f him1 provid$ !          
responsible editor held ! balance true1 
accord$ z fair a he>+ to ! accus$ z he  
_h accord$ to ! accus]1 & grant$ to ea* 
9 turn an opportunity to plead 8 cause  
)\t int]ruption by ! o!r4 ,i ask$ no m  
?an :at ,dr4 ,royce _h already          
receiv$--an opportunity to enjoy !      
undivid$ & undi/ract$ att5tion ( !      
audi5ce = a limit$ "t4 ,he _h _h ! e> ( 
! public = six mon?s4 ,c\ld ,i n h x =  
?ree8  ,b ,i regret to say t            
consid]ations ( equal ju/ice seem$ to h 
no weight :atev] ) ,dr4 ,adl]4 ,dr4     
,royce1 despite 8 public pl$ge1 0 ask+ =
 m]cy1 aft] all1 & got f ,dr4 ,adl] all 
he ask$ =2 ,i ask$ ,dr4 ,adl] = equity  
alone1 & c\ld n get ev5 t4 ,! sole      
concession made 0 t ,i might foll[ ,dr4 
,royce's rejo9d] ) a second reply 9 !   
same numb]1 ?us clos+ ! case ) a la/ ^w 

= ! def5ce4  ,to ?is la/ proposal1 9    
ord] n to refuse a meagre measure (     
ju/ice1 ,i cons5t$ "u prote/4 ,b !      
pro(-%eets ( ,dr4 ,royce's rejo9d]1 to  
:i* ,i 0 to reply1 did n rea* me till   
,m>* #ah1 & 7 accompani$ ) a notice f ! 
,j\rnal ( ,e?ics t my reply mu/ be mail$
 )9 t5 h\rs aft] receiv+ ,royce's pro(4 
,?is notice ,i answ]$ z foll[s3--  ,!   
pro( ( ,royce's rejo9d]1 ) y\r notes ( !
 #af? & #ag?1 arriv$ ?is morn+ at #i    
,a4,m4 ,z ,i h _h to be at my tea*+ till
 #c ,p4,m41 x 0 obvi\sly impossible to  
mail a reply by #g ,p4,m4 ,h5ce ,i      
telegraph$ to y at once3 ',i prote/     
aga9/ ! gross inju/ice ( po/pon+ my     
article1 or ( publi%+ ?is new attack )\t
 ! la/ ^w y promis$ me4 ,x is impossible
 to write ?is n[ i4 e41 )9 ! t5 h\rs    
/ipulat$4 ,if y h any love ( ju/ice1    
publi% my article n[1 & po/pone !       
rejo9d]s to next issue4' ,no?+ /&s 9 !  
way ( ?is1 ! only fair c\rse1 except    
,royce's insi/5ce on 8 "r to deprive me 
( ! equality ( treatm5t :i* ,i suppos$  

he himself gu>ante$ 9 8--'z we ask      
none4' ,to hold back my reply to 8 libel
 = ?ree mon?s long]1 m]ely because he is
 afraid to let x g =? )\t an attempt to 
break its =ce 9 ! same numb]1 w\ld be   
disgracefully unju/ 9 him & 9 !         
',j\rnal4' ,8 rejo9d] is simply a fre%  
libel2 !re is no?+ 9 x to :i* ,i _c     
easily & effectually reply4 ,b :at "r is
 !re 9 refus+ to me ! opportunity (     
answ]+ "o libel at a "t8 ,or 9 compell+ 
me to be sil5t n9e mon?s f ,octob] to   
,july1 9 ord] to save him f be+ sil5t   
?ree mon?s f ,april to ,july8 ,x w be a 
bitt] comm5t on ! s9c]ity ( ! 'e?ical   
culture movem5t' to make s une?ical a   
judgm5t 9 s grave a case z ?is4  ,b !   
,april numb] ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1      
nev]!less1 0 publi%$ )\t my article4 ,! 
latt] 0 all 9 type1 & ! pro(-%eets _h   
be5 correct$2 no?+ prev5t$ its          
publication 9 ,april except 7#a7 ,dr4   
,royce's insi/5ce t my reply to 8 fir/  
libel %\ld n be publi%$ at all )\t 8    
second libel1 & 7#b7 ,dr4 ,adl]'s weak  

submission to ?is unju/ & pusillanim\s  
dem& ( 8 associate4  ,! :ole matt] 0 ?us
 mo/ inequitably po/pon$ to ! ,july     
numb]1 prim>ily at ,dr4 ,royce's        
in/igation4 ,b ,i n[ f\nd t ,i 0 to be  
refus$ ! fre$om necess>y to self-def5ce 
aga9/ ! second libel--! same fre$om     
already yield$ 9 reply+ to ! fir/4 ,n[  
to answ] a libel effectively requires ! 
fre$om1 n ( ! p>liam5t1 b ( ! c\rts4 ,a 
m]e lit]>y discussion admits (          
p>liam5t>y fre$om alone1 & prop]ly      
excludes all reflections ^u p]sonal "*4 
,b ,dr4 ,royce _h mo/ unp>liam5t>ily    
turn$ 8 o/5sible review into a libel1 &1
 contr>y to all canons ( lit]>y         
discussion1 _h indulg$ himself 9        
reflections ^u my p]sonal "* z malici\s 
z !y 7 false4 ,n[ ! only possible       
dispro( ( a libel is ! pro( t x is a    
libel1--t x is ei!r untru?ful1 or       
malici\s1 or bo?2 &1 s9ce a libel is bo?
 a civil injury & a crim9al (f5ce1 !    
pro( ( its libell\s "* _c be e/abli%$   
)\t reflect+ ^u ! p]sonal "* ( !        

libell]4 ,h5ce ,dr4 ,royce himself1 by  
writ+ a libel1 _h self-evid5tly rais$ ! 
"q ( 8 own p]sonal "*1 & b\nd himself   
be=eh&1 by 8 own act1 to submit ) :at   
grace he c\ld to ! necess>y consequ5ces 
( t act2 & to seek to %ield himself f ^!
 consequ5ces1 :i* he %\ld h =ese5 cle>ly
 & n]v$ himself to be> bravely1 0 only  
to incur ! ridicule invit$ by a timor\s 
man :o fir/ /rikes ano!r & !n runs away4
 ,dr4 ,adl]1 moreov]1 z ! responsible   
editor ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 _h laid    
himself1 by publi%+ ,dr4 ,royce's libel1
 "u ! cle> moral obligation ( accord+ to
 ! accus$ ! same fre$om ( ! c\rts :i* he
 _h already accord$ to ! accus]2 & to   
seek to escape ?is moral obligation 0 to
 incur ! c5sure invit$ by any "o :o     
assumes ! editorial function )\t prop]ly
 in=m+ himself ( ! duties :i* x imposes 
) ref]5ce to ?ird p>ties4 ,bo? ! "o & ! 
o!r _h e/opp$ !mselves f d5y+ to !      
accus$ 9 self-def5ce ! same fre$om ( !  
c\rts :i* !y _h grant$ to !mselves z    
accus]s 9 attack4  ,not)/&+ ^! pla9     

facts1 ,dr4 ,royce & ,dr4 ,adl] unit$ 9 
d5y+ to me ! necess>y fre$om (          
self-def5ce aga9/ ! attack :i* !y _h    
unit$ 9 mak+4  ,at fir/1 ,dr4 ,royce    
und]took to dictate to me be=eh& !      
nature ( my reply to 8 rejo9d]1 & s\ght 
to re/rict x to ! p>liam5t>y fre$om ( a 
purely lit]>y discussion4 ,ignor+ ! fact
 t he _h himself r5d]$ a purely lit]>y  
discussion impossible by 8 own          
reflections ^u p]sonal "*1 he endeavor$ 
n[ to re/rict my def5ce to a purely     
lit]>y discussion ( :at1 ) amus+        
defici5cy 9 ! s5se ( humor1 he consid]$ 
to be 8 criticisms2 :]eas ^! po9tless & 
ignorant criticisms _h no importance    
:atev] except z lead+ up to 8           
pr(essional w>n+4 ,! only object ( a    
reply to 8 rejo9d] 0 to expose its true 
"* z a second libel1 & !reby make pla9  
to ! dulle/ m9d ! outrage ( 8           
pr(essional w>n+4 ,evid5tly fe>+ ?is1 & 
be+ anxi\s to prev5t ! exposure1 he s5t 
to me ?r\gh ,mr4 ,we/on1 :o call$ ^u me 
= ! purpose on ,april #ae1 ! foll[+     

unspeakable docum5t1 app>5tly )\t a     
suspicion t x prick$ ! bubble ( 8       
previ\s iridesc5t pl$ge to ask no       
m]cy3--        ,,memor&um ,,( ,,apr4    
#ac1 #ahia4       #a4 ,dr4 ,abbot's     
article mu/ be 9 ,mr4 ,we/on's h&s 9    
,,ms4      by ,june #a1 = issue 9 !     
,july ,no41 if possible4       #b4 ,?is 
article mu/ n exce$1 9 actual numb] (   
words1      ,pr(4 ,royce's la/ rejo9d]4 
#c4 ,pr(4 ,royce is n to reply to !     
above article ( ,dr4      ,abbot be=e or
 simultane\sly ) its publication 9 !    
,j\rnal ( ,e?ics2 & ! controv]sy is ?us 
to be      clos$ 9 ! ,j\rnal by ,dr4    
,abbot4       #d4 ,dr4 ,abbot's article 
is to be /rictly a rejo9d]1 is n      to
 raise ess5tially new issues1 is n to   
assault any      fur!r 8 oppon5t's      
p]sonal "*1 is to be      p>liam5t>y 9  
=m1 & free f p]sonally abusive          
language4 ,o!rwise x is p]fectly free z 
to pla9ness (      spee*4       #e4     
,pr(4 ,royce is to see ?is article at   
once1 & be=e x      goes to ! pr9t]4    

#f4 ,%\ld ,pr(4 ,royce1 aft] see+ !     
pap]1 object to !      article z n 9    
con=mity ) ! conditions ( ,no4 #d       
7above71 !n1 b only !n1 ! article is to 
be      submitt$1 be=e publication1 to !
 judgm5t ( "s      imp>tial fri5d or    
fri5ds ( bo? ! disputants1 su*          
fri5d or fri5ds to be *os5 z promptly z 
possible1 &      by agreem5t1 & to      
arbitrate ! "q1 ,:e!r ,dr4      ,abbot's
 f9al rejo9d] is 9 con=mity ) !         
conditions      ( ?is pres5t memor&um8  
,! arbitrator or arbitrators      may be
 any p]son or p]sons agreable sic to !  
wi%es      ( bo? ! disputants1 z det]m9$
 9 case ! m5tion$      objection ( ,pr(4
 ,royce %\ld be made1 b n o!rwise4      
#g4 ,%\ld ,pr(4 ,royce n object to !    
article1 or %\ld      he n =mally object
 on ! gr\nds m5tion$1 !n !      article 
( ,dr4 ,abbot is to close ! controv]sy 9
 !      ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics4       #h4     
,%\ld ,dr4 ,abbot n accept ! conditions 
( !      pres5t memor&um1 he is at      
lib]ty to )draw 8 pap]1      or else to 

let bo? ! pap]s n[ 9 type appe> z !y    
are1 at 8 pleasure4       ,sign$        
,j4 ,r4  ,x is difficult to conceive !  
/ate ( m9d 9 :i* s extraord9>y a docum5t
 z ?is c\ld h orig9at$4 ,my answ] to    
,dr4 ,royce's (fici\s int]f]5ce 0 a %ort
 & dry rejection 9 toto4 ,dr4 ,royce 0 n
 ! responsible editor ( ! ,j\rnal (     
,e?ics1 & _h no p[] to dictate any      
conditions ( publication :atev]4 ,t a   
libell] %\ld actually presume to dictate
 to ! libell$ ! t]ms ( 8 def5ce1 to dem&
 t ?is def5ce %\ld be submitt$ to       
himself 9 advance ( publication =       
approval or disapproval1 &1 9 case (    
disapproval1 to invoke a bo>d ( ref]ees 
= ! sole purpose ( en=c+ 8 own arbitr>y 
& prepo/]\s conditions1--?is 0 too      
exquisitely absurd4 ,b !re 0 me?od 9 !  
madness4 ,! c5tral aim ( ! ,memor&um is 
cle> on its face3 namely1 to refuse !   
=5sic fre$om necess>y to self-def5ce    
aga9/ a libel1 & to conc$e only !       
p>liam5t>y fre$om prop] to a purely     
lit]>y discussion4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! only 

object ( my writ+ at all 0 to expose 8  
rejo9d] z a second libel1 & s9ce !      
c5tral aim ( ! ,memor&um 0 to defeat ?is
 v object1 no?+ c\ld be pla9] ?an ?is3 t
 ,dr4 ,royce1 hav+ be5 guilty ( two     
unprovok$ & malici\s libels1 n[ s\ght to
 prev5t ! exposure ( 8 guilt by         
suppress+ ! necess>y fre$om (           
self-def5ce4 ,=1 ,i repeat1 ! only      
possible def5ce aga9/ a libel is to     
prove t x is a libel1 & ?is _c be done  
)\t reflect+ ^u ! p]sonal "* ( !        
libell]4 ,x 0 no fault ( m9e t he _h    
himself r5d]$ a p>liam5t>y discussion   
impossible2 x 0 no fault ( m9e t he _h  
made 8 own p]sonal "* ! real po9t at    
issue2 x 0 no fault ( m9e t he n[       
betray$ 8 secret al>m1 utt]$ a cry =    
m]cy1 & convict$ himself out ( 8 own    
m\?1 9 8 extraord9>y & indescribable    
,memor&um4 ,t ,memor&um tells ! :ole    
/ory4  ,on ! failure ( ,dr4 ,royce's v  
injudici\s attempt at dictation1 ,dr4   
,adl] f\nd himself compell$ to assume ! 
editorial p[] & responsibility1 :i* he  

ought to h assum$ & ex]cis$ 9 ! fir/    
in/ance by refus+ publication to ,dr4   
,royce's orig9al libel4 ,b1 yield+ to   
,dr4 ,royce's influ5ce1 he took ! same  
position1 & /ill tri$ to %ield ! libell]
 f ! j & lawful consequ5ces ( 8 libel4  
,no pr9ciple is m firmly e/abli%$ 9 !   
public consci5ce1 z int]pret$ by !      
common law1 ?an t ! fact ( an attack by 
,a involves ! "r ( self-def5ce by ,b4   
,:oev]1 !re=e1 has p]mitt$ an attack :i*
 he might h prev5t$ is b\nd to p]mit !  
self-def5ce1 also2 & ,dr4 ,adl]1 hav+   
grant$ to ,dr4 ,royce ! fre$om ( libell+
 me1 0 b\nd to grant to me ! equal      
fre$om ( def5d+ myself aga9/ ! libel4 ,b
 ?is equal fre$om ,dr4 ,adl] d5i$4 ,aft]
 "s fruitless correspond5ce1 ,i wrote to
 him on ,may #d z foll[s3 ,i require !  
fre$om1 n ( 'p>liam5t1' b ( !           
c\rts--fre$om to pres5t my 'facts1' & no
 less to draw my 'inf]5ces'--fre$om to  
array my evid5ce1 & no less to make my  
plead+4 ,by publi%+ 8 new libel1 y e/op 
y\rself f d5y+ me ?is fre$om4 ,if y d   

d5y x1 ,i )draw altoge!r & seek ju/ice &
 r$ress else:]e4 ,i ask only :at is     
self-evid5tly fair3 7#a7 equal space )  
,dr4 ,royce1 7#b7 equal fre$om ) ,dr4   
,royce1 7#c7 no fur!r rejo9d]s by ,dr4  
,royce1 & 7#d7 no editorial m5tion ( !  
matt] at all f ! ',j\rnal' itself4 ,to  
?is lett] ,dr4 ,adl] m]ely telegraph$ 8 
f9al reply on ,may #f 9 ^! brief t]ms3  
,regret y\r insi/5ce on fre$om (        
c\rts--p>liam5t>y fre$om op5 to y4 ,?is 
end$ ! matt]1 s f> z ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics 
0 conc]n$1 9 ,dr4 ,adl]'s explicit d5ial
 ( a full & fair he>+ 9 its columns to a
 p>ty calumniat$ & libell$ by "o ( 8 own
 contributors & a memb] ( 8 own         
editorial committee4  ,negotiations1 x  
is true1 = ! publication ( my reply 9 ! 
,july numb] 7 a little lat] re-op5$ by  
,dr4 ,adl]1 on receiv+ advice f a legal 
fri5d ( 8 own t to publi% x w\ld be 8   
wise/ c\rse2 b he himself broke !m (f on
 a trivial pretext1 aft] receiv+ contr>y
 advice f ,dr4 ,royce's c\nsel1 toge!r )
 a copy ( ! legal prote/ s5t to me      

p]sonally4 ,?us ,dr4 ,royce himself1    
recall+ 8 orig9al cons5t1 procur$ ! f9al
 rejection by ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics ( my   
reply to 8 own attack4 ,on ,june #ai1 ,i
 0 notifi$ t ! ,july numb] _h be5 made  
up )\t x4  ,b already1 on ,june #i1 ,i  
_h receiv$ f ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,w>n]1 act+ z 
,dr4 ,royce's c\nsel1 ?is =mal prote/   
aga9/ any o!r use :atev] ( my reply3 ,on
 ,dr4 ,royce's behalf1 ,i mu/ w>n y t he
 prote/s aga9/ ! publication or any     
circulation ( x1 9 its pres5t %ape1 &   
mu/ po9t out to y t x may1 if circulat$1
 entail a s]i\s legal responsibility4   
,to ?is /rangely impolitic & utt]ly     
futile attempt to intimidate me 9 !     
def5ce ( my own reputation1 ,i *ose to  
(f] n ! slighte/ resi/ance4 ,! prote/   
only facilitat$ t def5ce4 ,h[ c\ld a    
libell] m conspicu\sly put himself 9 !  
wrong1 or m effectually ru9 8 own evil  
cause 9 all eyes1 ?an by try+ to gag !  
man he _h injur$8 ,fir/1 to prev5t      
publication 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics ( ! v  
reply he _h publicly & defiantly        

*all5g$1 & !n to suppress all           
circulation ( a few privately pr9t$     
copies ( x by means ( legal ?reats3 if  
,dr4 ,royce c\ld af=d to commit su*     
blund]s1 :y %\ld ,i %ield him f himself8
 ,:om ! gods de/roy1 !y fir/ make mad4  
,be=e proce$+ to any m en]getic         
measures1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to v9dicate my  
reputation1 ,i 0 anxi\s to (f] to ,dr4  
,royce an opportunity ( do+ me ju/ice 9 
a mann] :i* %\ld be consi/5t ) full     
v9dication1 yet %\ld involve ! lea/     
possible publicity & ! lea/ possible    
mortification to himself4 ,accord+ly1 on
 ,june #bj1 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,w>n] ?us3 
,i beg leave to enclose a ,c>d1 :i*1 if 
return$ to me )9 a week f to-day1       
un*ang$1 dat$1 & sign$ by ,dr4 ,royce1 &
 if actually publi%$ 9 ! ,octob] numb] (
 ! ',j\rnal1' w r5d] unnecess>y fur!r   
measures ( self-v9dication z n[         
contemplat$4 ,i s5d ?is because y assur$
 me t ,dr4 ,royce disclaims all malice 9
 ! publication ( ! orig9al article ,i   
compla9 (1 & because ,i am will+ to te/ 

! s9c]ity ( 8 disclaim] be=e resort+ to 
o!r measures = my self-protection4 ,i   
expect y1 :o came to me 9 ! "* ( a      
pacificator1 & :o express$ a cr$itable  
desire1 9 :i* ,i fully jo91 = !         
settlem5t ( ?is tr\ble 9 "s way :i* %all
 occasion no sc&al to ,h>v>d ,college1  
to ex]t y\r utmo/ influ5ce ) ,dr4 ,royce
 to p]suade him to p]=m ?is act (       
manife/ ju/ice to me4 ,a frank          
retraction & apology1 :5 unju/ *>ges h  
be5 made z n[1 is n di%onorable & ought 
n to be humiliat+2 & ,i %all consid]    
,dr4 ,royce's action 9 ?is matt] z %[+ !
 s9c]ity or ins9c]ity ( 8 disclaim] (   
all malice 9 8 orig9al article4 ,!      
enclos$ pap] above m5tion$ 0 ?is3--     
,a ,,c>d4       ,,cambridge1 ,june --1  
#ahia4       ,i4 ,i admit t ,i h no k   
:atev] ( any      extravagant pret5sions
 made by ,dr4 ,abbot z to !             
orig9ality & pr(undity ( 8 /ill         
unpubli%$ sy/em      ( philosophy4      
,,ii4 ,i admit t ,dr4 ,abbot did n1     
consci\sly or      unconsci\sly1 borr[ 8

 !ory ( univ]sals f ,hegel1      or s9  
aga9/ ! mo/ obvi\s dem&s ( lit]>y       
prop]ty-rights4       ,,iii4 ,i         
unconditionally retract my pr(essional  
w>n+ to      ! lib]al-m9d$ public aga9/ 
,dr4 ,abbot's philosophical             
pret5sions1 ackn[l$ge t x 0 gr\ndless & 
unju/ifiable1 & apologize to ,dr4 ,abbot
 = hav+      publi%$ x 9 ! ,int]national
 ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics4       ,,iv4 ,i       
au?orize ! publication ( ?is retraction 
&      apology 9 ! next numb] ( !       
,int]national ,j\rnal (      ,e?ics )\t 
note or comm5t4  ,9 8 answ] ( ,june #bd1
 ,mr4 ,w>n] in=m$ me t ,dr4 ,royce _h   
gone to ,d5v]1 & wrote3 ,z = ! ,c>d :i* 
y propose1 ,i w leave ,dr4 ,royce to    
make 8 own answ] aft] he has se5 x4 ,i w
 say1 h[ev]1 = my own "p1 t1 :ile he has
 always be5 ready to disclaim any desire
 to injure y p]sonally1 ,i ?9k t 8      
op9ions conc]n+ y\r philosophical sy/em 
& its orig9 are un*ang$1 & he is n      
likely to retract !m4 ,i mu/ say1 too1 t
 y h put y\r ,c>d 9 a =m 9 :i* y c\ld n 

h expect$ ,dr4 ,royce to sign x1 & ,i d 
n reg>d x z any /ep1 on y\r "p1 t[>d a  
pacific settlem5t1 nor ?9k y\r dem& a   
reasonable "o to make ( a self-respect+ 
man4  ,! next day1 ,june #be1 ,i wrote  
to ,mr4 ,w>n]3 ,i ought di/9ctly to d5y 
t my reject$ article is 'a libell\s     
pap]4' ,its /atem5ts are true2 its      
motive is n malice1 b a self-evid5t     
purpose to def5d myself aga9/ ,dr4      
,royce's libel2 &1 ev5 if x %\ld be     
conclud$ to come "u any legal def9ition 
( 'libel1' ,i ma9ta9 t x is             
self-evid5tly a 'ju/ifiable libel4' ,if 
,i pay any he$ to y\r notice1 x is m]ely
 because y\r notice /r5g!ns my case4--,y
 d n m5tion :5 ,dr4 ,royce w return f   
,d5v]2 b1 because my purpose 9 enclos+  
to y t ,c>d is 9 good fai? a pacific "o1
 ,i w wait a reasonable "t = 8 return   
beyond ! date ,i m5tion$4 ,y w n judge !
 "* ( t ,c>d accurately1 & y _c give    
s\nd or salut>y advice to y\r cli5t1 if 
y ignore ! libell\s "* ( 8 orig9al      
article4 ,i d n see h[ 'a self-respect+ 

man' c\ld ev] h writt5 su* a pap]2 b1 if
 he did x inadv]t5tly & n malici\sly1 he
 w\ld c]ta9ly d "o ( two ?+s3 7#a7 ei!r 
submit c\rage\sly1 unfl9*+ly1 & )\t     
legal prote/1 to ! reply x *all5g$ &    
evok$1 or 7#b7 manfully retract *>ges   
demon/rat$1 z ^! h be51 to be false4 ,h 
y really a diff]5t idea (               
'self-respect'8 ,c]ta9ly n1 = y are an  
honorable g5tleman4 ,be ?is z x may1 ,i 
w>n y n to p]si/ 9 consid]+ t ,c>d z o!r
 ?an a pacific /ep on my "p1 if y desire
 to c\nsel y\r cli5t to 8 own good1 or  
to prove y\rself a real fri5d to ,h>v>d 
,college4 ,i say ?is 9 good fai?4  ,to  
?is1 on ,july #b1 ,mr4 ,w>n] repli$3    
,dr4 ,royce has return$1 & ,i h submitt$
 to him ! ,c>d :i* y h prep>$4 ,z ,i    
anticipat$1 ,dr4 ,royce says t he _c    
sign x1 nor c ,i advise him to d s4 ,x  
goes f> beyond any disav[al ( malice or 
p]sonal ho/ility1 & x am\nts to a       
retraction ( ! op9ions :i* he actually  
holds ab\t y\r philosophical sy/em1 & t 
retraction y surely _c expect him to    

make4 ,dr4 ,royce has aga9 express$ to  
me 8 regret t ! =m ( 8 article %\ld h   
w\nd$ y1 & he is entirely ready to      
disav[ any int5tion ( w\nd+ y4  ,on     
,july #aa1 ,i wrote 9 answ]3 ,mo/       
c]ta9ly ,i d n expect1 or wi%1 t ,dr4   
,royce %\ld disav[ any philosophical    
'op9ions' he may hold4 ,:at ,i compla9 (
 is a mis/atem5t ( fact1 demon/rat$ to  
be su*1 :i* ,i believe to h _h its orig9
 9 a _s ( malici\s detraction1 & to be  
n[ p]sev]$ 9 f no o!r cause4 ,9 my reply
 to 8 article1 :i* he himself *all5g$ & 
!n pusillanim\sly suppress$1 he has _h  
abundant means ( in=mation4 ,if he n[   
refuses to correct a mis/atem5t :i*     
grossly injures me1 aft] he has be5     
in=m$ ( ! tru?1 ! refusal admits ( b "o 
int]pretation1 & ?r[s a satirical light 
on ! m]ely private 'regret' he pr(esses4
 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z y h object$ 7q      
unnecess>ily1 z ,i ?9k7 to ! '=m' ( !   
,c>d ,i s5t y1 & inasmu* z ,i int5d to  
leave no room = d\bt z to ,dr4 ,royce's 
real animus 9 ?is affair1 ,i propose n[ 

t he s5d me su* a retraction & apology z
 y y\rself %all deem adequate1 fitt+1 & 
due4 ,9 y\r lett] ( ,june #i1 y admitt$ 
t ,dr4 ,royce _h 'transgress$ ! limits (
 c\rte\s discussion' & t y 'd n def5d 9 
all respects ! tone ( ! review4' ,x is  
pla9 en\gh t y1 ,dr4 ,royce's own       
c\nsel1 p]ceive at lea/ some?+ improp]1 
some?+ t ought to be retract$ &         
apologiz$ =4 ,y are1 !n1 ,i submit1 b\nd
 to d :at y c to "r ! wrong1 :i* is n at
 all done by ,dr4 ,royce's pr(use1 b    
private1 disclaim]s4 ,he pr(esses to be>
 no malice4 ,v well1 !n3 let him make   
rep>ation = ! wrong he has committ$4 ,he
 owes x to himself1 if he consid]s      
himself a g5tleman1 c]ta9ly to 8        
position 9 ,h>v>d ,college1 to s5d me "s
 pap]1 specify+ :at he himself regrets 9
 8 own article1 ) au?ority to publi% ?is
 pap] 9 ! ',j\rnal ( ,e?ics4' ,! ,c>d ,i
 s5t suffici5tly indicates :at ,i ?9k is
 due to me2 if ,dr4 ,royce1 9 o!r       
language1 cov]s ! same gr\nd1 x w be    
accept$ z satisfactory4 ,t is ! v lea/ t

 a g5tleman w\ld d "u ! circum/ances4 ,y
 _c object to ?is proposal on acc\nt (  
its '=m'2 if ei!r y or he objects to x  
at all1 x mu/ be on acc\nt ( its        
sub/ance4 ,c]ta9ly y _c affect to       
consid] x z o!r ?an 'pacific4' ,i %all  
await y\r answ] to x z to ! only        
'pacific /ep on my "p' :i* rema9s       
possible to me4  ,9 reply to ?is lett]1 
on ,july #bd1 ,mr4 ,w>n] wrote3 ,i =w>d$
 y\r lett] ( ,july #aa to ,dr4 ,royce1 &
 he has writt5 a reply to me :i* ,i ?9k 
x be/ to enclose z he wrote x4 ,9 ?is   
enclos$ lett]1 dat$ ,july #ad1 ,dr4     
,royce fir/ re-affirm$1 9 sub/ance1 !   
tru? ( 8 false & ridicul\s accusation ( 
plagi>ism f ,hegel1 & !n wrote z foll[s3
 ,n[ z to my feel+ conc]n+ :at 0        
regrettable 9 my article4 ,i repeat once
 m--regrettable1 9 my eyes1 0 ! mann] ( 
! article 9 s f> z x actually gave      
unnecess>y pa9 to ,dr4 ,abbot4 ,& ,i    
reg>d any pa9 z unnecess>y t may h be5  
due1 n to my objectively ju/ifi$ op9ion 
( ,dr4 ,abbot's "w 7an op9ion :i* ,i _c 

alt] 9 ! lea/71 b to any sev]ity (      
expression t may n h be5 absolutely     
ne$ful to give =m to ?is op9ion itself4 
,dr4 ,abbot's reply has %[n him to be n 
m]ely alive to ! /rong diff]5ce ( op9ion
 t sep>ates u1 b p]sonally (f5d$ by an  
attack t 0 int5d$ to be inde$ sev]e1 b  
direct$ :olly to matt]s ( pr(essional1 b
 n ( p]sonal conc]n4 ,?is attitude (    
,dr4 ,abbot's ,i regret1 &1 9 s f> z ,i 
am to blame = x1 ,i am will+ to express 
my regret publicly4  ,?is lett] ( ,dr4  
,royce is1 9 effect1 a delib]ate &      
unqualifi$ re-affirmation ( e fact z    
alleg$1 & e inf]5ce z drawn1 9 8 orig9al
 libel--a delib]ate & contemptu\s       
re-affirmation ( ! :ole sy/em (         
elaborate misrepres5tation :i*          
con/itutes x "o tissue ( libel f beg9n+ 
to end4 ,no?+ :atev] 9 ! sub/ance ( 8   
article is retract$ or regrett$2 no?+ is
 regrettable ev5 9 its =m1 except       
vaguely1 hypo!tically1 & conditionally2 
! only ?+ ,dr4 ,royce regrets1 z a fact1
 is t 8 objectively ju/ifi$ &           

int5tionally sev]e attack %\ld h giv5   
ne$less p]sonal (f5ce & unnecess>y pa9  
to its object6 ,?is delib]ate &         
contemptu\s refusal to recall1 to       
modify1 or to apologize = any ( ! false 
accusations he has made aga9/ me is1 ,i 
submit1 demon/ration ( ! malice :i*     
orig9ally prompt$ !m1 & n[ moves him to 
ma9ta9 !m2 no?+ fur!r is ne$$ to make _!
 malici\s "* p]fectly pla91 & to prove !
 ins9c]ity ( 8 disclaim]s ( malice4 ,b  
,dr4 ,royce s]i\sly mi/akes ! nature ( !
 effect produc$ by 8 attack1 :5 he      
affects to consid] x z ! q ne$less      
excitation ( excessive s5sitiv5ess4 ,if 
a g5tleman 9 a cr[d discov]s 8 ne>e/    
neighbor engag$ 9 fil*+ 8 pocket-book1 &
 at once h&s ! culprit ov] to ! police1 
x w\ld h>dly be graphic to describe 8   
frame ( m9d z ne$less p]sonal (f5ce or  
unnecess>y pa92 & ! expressions are no m
 graphic z to my own frame ( m9d1 :5 ,i 
discov] ,dr4 ,royce endeavor+ to fil* f 
me my reputation 9 ! "n ( ,h>v>d        
,univ]sity4 ,x is n always safe to      

reckon on ! abs5ce1 9 p>ties confess$ly 
attack$1 ( all capacity = moral         
indignation1 or all capacity = moral    
self-def5ce4  ,9 reply to ,mr4 ,w>n]1   
,augu/ #d1 ,i wrote z foll[s3 ,p]mit me 
fur!r to say1 ) reg>d to ,dr4 ,royce's  
lett]1 t ,i c only int]pret x z a di/9ct
 refusal to retract 8 accusation t ,i h 
made 'extravagant pret5sions z to !     
orig9ality & pr(undity ( my /ill        
unpubli%$ sy/em ( philosophy'--a di/9ct 
refusal to retract 8 accusation t ,i h  
'borr[$ my !ory ( univ]sals f ,hegel'--a
 di/9ct refusal to retract 8            
'pr(essional w>n+' bas$ ^u ^!           
accusations4 ,^! 7 ! *ief po9ts ( my    
,c>d1 & ,i note ! refusal impli$ by ,dr4
 ,royce's evasive lett]4 ,b ,i decl9e to
 accept 8 plea ( 'consci5ti\sness' 9    
ma9ta9+ ! accusation z to ,hegel4 ,i    
might z well plead 'consci5ti\sness' 9  
ma9ta9+ an accusation t ,dr4 ,royce     
assass9at$ ,abraham ,l9coln1 9 face ( ! 
evid5ce t ,john ,wilkes ,boo? 0 !       
assass94  ,"h ! correspond5ce clos$4 ,my

 apology = inflict+ x ^u y1 g5tlem51 mu/
 be ! necessity ( %[+ to y t1 z ,i 0    
pla9ly b\nd to d1 ,i fir/ exhau/$ e     
means ( private r$ress be=e lay+ ! matt]
 be=e y publicly4 ,n till ,i _h fail$ to
 obta9 a fair he>+ 9 ! same p]iodical   
:i* publi%$ ,dr4 ,royce's libel1 & n    
till ,i _h fail$ to obta9 f ,dr4 ,royce 
himself a retraction ( ?is libel1 did ,i
 f9d myself r$uc$ to ! alt]natives (    
ei!r acquiesc+ 9 y\r own unw>rantably   
ins9uat$ condemnation1 or else ( cle>+  
my assail$ reputation ?r\gh direct & op5
 appeal to y4 ,i am no lov] ( /rife1 &  
lea/ ( all d ,i n[ seek rev5ge4 ,i seek 
only su* a v9dication ( my good "n f    
unm]it$ calumny z y1 9 y\r own good     
judgm5t & 9 y\r own *os5 way1 are n[1 ,i
 mo/ respectfully submit1 b\nd 9 ju/ice 
to give4   ,,viii4  ,to y1 !re=e1       
g5tlem5 ( ! ,corporation & ,bo>d (      
,ov]se]s ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,i make ) 
all due def]5ce ?is public appeal =     
r$ress ( a wrong done to me by "o ( y\r 
appo9tees--a wrong done1 n 9 8 private  

capacity z an individual 7= :i*1 (      
c\rse1 y w\ld n be ju/ly held           
responsible71 b publicly & explicitly & 
emphatically 9 ! "n ( 8 pr(ession1 t is1
 ( 8 position z a pr(essor 9 ,h>v>d     
,college4 ,?is position is an (ficial   
"o1 due to y\r appo9tm5t2 & 8 sc&al\s   
abuse ( x r5d]s him am5able to discipl9e
 by y to :om he owes x4 ,!re=e1 ,i n[   
=mally appeal to y = r$ress ( ^!        
specific wrongs1 committ$ by ,assi/ant  
,pr(essor ,josiah ,royce 9 flagrant     
violation ( my rights z a citiz5 & z a  
man3--  ,i4 ,he has publi%$ aga9/ me1 9 
! ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 a     
libel :i* is z wanton & unprovok$ z x is
 malici\s & false1 & = :i* no motive is 
ev5 conceivable except m]e pr(essional  
jeal\sy or rivalry 9 au?or%ip4  ,,ii4   
,he has s\ght to give cr$ibility &      
respectability to ?is false & libell\s  
publication by invok+ ! au?ority1 n (   
reason or tru?1 b ( 8 m]e pr(essional   
position z pr(essor 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1
 !reby artfully sugge/+ & ins9uat+ to ! 

un9=m$ public t ,h>v>d ,univ]sity su/a9s
 him 9 8 attack2 :]eas1 9 conf]r+ ^u me 
! degree ( doctor ( philosophy & 9      
committ+ to me =m]ly ! conduct ( an     
advanc$ c\rse ( philosophical           
in/ruction1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity has giv5  
emphatic te/imony to ! contr>y4  ,,iii4 
,repudiat+ 8 bold promise to ask no     
m]cy1 he has s\ght1 ) incr$ible c[>dice 
& meanness1 to deprive me ( all         
opportunity ( be+ he>d 9 self-def5ce1   
fir/1 by exclud+ f ! ,int]national      
,j\rnal ( ,e?ics my p]fectly reasonable 
reply to :at he himself confesses to h  
be5 an int5tionally sev]e attack1 &1    
secondly1 by ?reat5+ me ?r\gh 8 c\nsel )
 legal prosecution1 if ,i publi% x      
any:]e else or circulate x at all4      
,,iv4 ,la/ly1 :51 aft] all ?is1 9 ord]  
to sp>e him ! mortification & disgrace (
 a public exposure1 & 9 ord] to prev5t  
,h>v>d ,univ]sity f incurr+ any possible
 discr$it on acc\nt ( 8 p]sonal         
misconduct1 ,i propos$ to him a pacific 
settlem5t ( ! :ole affair ?r\gh a simple

 retraction ( 8 calumni\s accusations1 &
 t1 too1 9 words ( 8 own *oos+1 he made 
no answ] b a /ubborn & contumeli\s      
re-affirmation ( ! orig9al libel4  ,i   
submit t ^! acts ( wrong con/itute      
conduct unbecom+ a g5tleman1 a man (    
honor1 or a pr(essor 9 ,h>v>d           
,univ]sity1 & ju/ly entitle me to r$ress
 at y\r h&s4 ,?is appeal has n be5 made 
ha/ily or )\t a pati5t & long-protract$ 
ef=t to secure ju/ice 9 o!r ways4 ,dr4  
,royce has succe$$ hi!rto1 dur+ _m      
mon?s1 9 defeat+ t ef=t2 b n[ ! appeal  
lies to ^? :om he _c control1 & n[ he   
mu/ abide y\r judgm5t4 ,ask+ nei!r less 
nor m ?an ju/ice1 & believ+ t y w       
recognize ju/ice z ,h>v>d's highe/ law1 
,i h ! honor to rema91 g5tlem51 9 devot$
 loyalty to our ,alma ,mat]1  ,y\r      
ob$i5t s]vant1  ,,francis ,e4 ,,abbot4  
,,cambridge1 ,oct4 #a1 #ahia4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,,transcrib]',s ,,note3  ,on page #e1 9 
! ^w ,boeotia1 ! oe ligature has be5    
exp&$ to ! two *>act]s1 oe4 ,! s5t5ce   

beg9s3 ,only a native ( ,boeotia c\ld be
 impos$ ^u by !m1 :5 ! actual "*4444