,transcriber's ,note3 ,typographical errors have been corrected4 ,a list of the corrected errors is found at the end of the text along with a list of inconsistently hyphenated words4 ,,the ,,literary ,,world ,,seventh ,,reader ,,by ,,john ,,calvin ,,metcalf ,,professor ,,of ,,english ,,literature ,,in ,,the ,,university ,,of ,,virginia ,,sarah ,,withers ,,principal ,,elementary ,,grades ,,and ,,critic ,,teacher ,,winthrop ,,normal ,,and ,,industrial ,,college ,,rock ,,hill4 ,s4,c4 ,,and ,,hetty ,s4 ,,browne ,,extension ,,worker ,,in ,,rural ,,school ,,practice ,,winthrop ,,normal ,,and ,,industrial ,,college ,illustration ,,johnson ,,publishing ,,company ,,richmond1 ,,virginia ,,copyright1 #aiai ,b4 ,f4 ,,johnson ,,publishing ,,company ,all ,rights ,reserved ,l4,h4,j4 ,,acknowledgments ,for permission to use copyrighted material the authors and publishers express their indebtedness to the ,macmillan ,company for ,a ,deal in ,bears from ,mc,todd1 by ,w4 ,cutcliffe ,hyne1 and for ,sea ,fever1 by ,john ,masefield2 to ,duffield ,company and ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells for ,in ,labrador from ,marriage2 to the ,john ,lane ,company for ,the ,making of a ,man from ,the ,rough ,road1 by ,w4 ,j4 ,locke2 to ,dodd1 ,mead ,company and ,mr4 ,arthur ,dobson for ,a ,ballad of ,heroes1 and to ,dodd1 ,mead ,company for ,under ,seas1 by ,count ,alexis ,tolstoi2 to ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons for ,old ,ephraim from ,the ,hunting ,trips of a ,ranchman1 by ,theodore ,roosevelt2 to ,houghton ,mifflin ,company for ,a ,greyport ,legend1 by ,bret ,harte1 ,midwinter1 by ,john ,townsend ,trowbridge1 ,the ,first ,snowfall1 by ,james ,russell ,lowell1 ,among the ,cliffs from ,the ,young ,mountaineers1 by ,charles ,egbert ,craddock 7,mary ,n4 ,murfree71 and for ,the ,friendship of ,nantaquas from ,to ,have and to ,hold1 by ,mary ,johnston2 to ,harper ,brothers for ,the ,great ,stone of ,sardis from ,the ,great ,stone of ,sardis1 by ,frank ,r4 ,stockton1 and to ,harper ,brothers and ,mr4 ,booth ,tarkington for ,ariel's ,triumph from ,the ,conquest of ,canaan4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,legends ,,of ,,our ,,land ,,rip ,,van ,,winkle ,washington ,irving #i ,,the ,,great ,,stone ,,face ,nathaniel ,hawthorne #cc ,,the ,,courtship ,,of ,,miles ,,standish ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow #ei ,,the ,,friendship ,,of ,,nantaquas ,mary ,johnston #gi ,,home ,,scenes ,,harry ,,esmond',s ,,boyhood ,wm4 ,makepeace ,thackeray #aab ,,the ,,family ,,holds ,,its ,,head ,,up ,oliver ,goldsmith #abf ,,the ,,little ,,boy ,,in ,,the ,,balcony ,henry ,w4 ,grady #ach ,,ariel',s ,,triumph ,booth ,tarkington #ada ,,nature ,,and ,,animals ,,the ,,cloud ,percy ,bysshe ,shelley #afj ,,new ,,england ,,weather ,mark ,twain #afb ,,the ,,first ,,snowfall ,james ,russell ,lowell #aff ,,old ,,ephraim ,theodore ,roosevelt #afh ,,midwinter ,john ,townsend ,trowbridge #age ,a ,,georgia ,,fox ,,hunt ,joel ,chandler ,harris #agg ,,rain ,,and ,,wind ,madison ,julius ,cawein #aib ,,the ,,southern ,,sky ,matthew ,fontaine ,maury #aic ,,daffodils ,william ,wordsworth #aie ,,dawn ,edward ,everett #aif ,,spring ,henry ,timrod #aih ,,moving ,,adventure ,,among ,,the ,,cliffs ,charles ,egbert ,craddock #bja ,a ,,deal ,,in ,,bears ,w4 ,cutcliffe ,hyne #bag ,,lochinvar ,sir ,walter ,scott #bcb ,,in ,,labrador ,h4 ,g4 ,wells #bce ,,the ,,bugle ,,song ,alfred ,tennyson #beh ,,the ,,siege ,,of ,,the ,,castle ,sir ,walter ,scott #bei ,,modern ,,wonder ,,tales ,,sea ,,fever ,john ,masefield #ccd ,a ,,greyport ,,legend ,bret ,harte #cce ,a ,,hunt ,,beneath ,,the ,,ocean ,jules ,verne #ccg ,,under ,,seas ,count ,alexis ,tolstoi #ced ,a ,,voyage ,,to ,,the ,,moon ,edgar ,allan ,poe #cfg ,,the ,,great ,,stone ,,of ,,sardis ,frank ,r4 ,stockton #cia ,,sketches ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,war ,a ,,stop ,,at ,,suzanne',s ,greayer ,clover #djg ,,the ,,making ,,of ,a ,,man ,w4 ,j4 ,locke #dad ,,in ,,flanders ,,fields ,john ,mc,crae #dcf ,,in ,,flanders ,,fields 7,,an ,,answer7 ,c4 ,b4 ,galbraith #dcf ,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,heroes ,austin ,dobson #dcg ,,dictionary #dci ,illustration3 ,see page #ai ,he ,was ,tempted to ,repeat the ,draught ,illustration ,,rip ,,van ,,winkle ,i ,whoever has made a voyage up the ,hudson must remember the ,catskill ,mountains4 ,they are a branch of the great v,appalachian#i-99 family1 and are seen away to the west of the river1 swelling up to a noble height1 and lording it over the surrounding country4 ,every change of season1 every change of weather1 indeed1 every hour of the day1 produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains1 and they are regarded by all the goodwives1 far and near1 as perfect vbarometers4 ,at the foot of these fairy mountains the traveler may have seen the light smoke curling up from a village1 whose shingle roofs gleam among the trees1 just where the blue tints of the upland melt away into the fresh green of the nearer landscape4 ,it is a little village of great age1 having been founded by some of the ,dutch colonists in the early times of the province1 just about the beginning of the government of the good ,peter v,stuyvesant 7may he rest in peace671 and there were some of the houses of the original settlers standing within a few years1 built of small yellow bricks brought from ,holland1 having latticed windows and gable fronts1 surmounted with weathercocks4 ,in that same village1 and in one of these very houses1 there lived1 many years since1 while the country was yet a province of ,great ,britain1 a simple1 good-natured fellow1 of the name of ,rip ,van ,winkle4 ,he was a descendant of the ,van ,winkles who figured so gallantly in the vchivalrous days of ,peter ,stuyvesant1 and accompanied him to the siege of ,fort ,christina4 ,he inherited1 however1 but little of the martial character of his ancestors4 ,i have observed that he was a simple1 good-natured man2 he was1 moreover1 a kind neighbor and an obedient1 henpecked husband4 ,certain it is that he was a great favorite among all the goodwives of the village1 who took his part in all family squabbles2 and never failed1 whenever they talked those matters over in their evening gossipings1 to lay all the blame on ,dame ,van ,winkle4 ,the children of the village1 too1 would shout with joy whenever he approached4 ,he assisted at their sports1 made their playthings1 taught them to fly kites and shoot marbles1 and told them long stories of ghosts1 witches1 and ,indians4 ,whenever he went dodging about the village1 he was surrounded by a troop of them1 hanging on his skirts1 clambering on his back1 and playing a thousand tricks on him2 and not a dog would bark at him throughout the neighborhood4 ,the great error in ,rip's composition was a strong dislike of all kinds of profitable labor4 ,it could not be from the want of perseverance2 for he would sit on a wet rock1 with a rod as long and heavy as a lance1 and fish all day without a murmur1 even though he should not be encouraged by a single nibble4 ,he would carry a fowling piece on his shoulder for hours together1 trudging through woods and swamps1 and up hill and down dale1 to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons4 ,he would never refuse to assist a neighbor even in the roughest toil1 and was a foremost man at all country frolics for husking ,indian corn1 or building stone fences2 the women of the village1 too1 used to employ him to run their errands1 and to do such little odd jobs as their less obliging husbands would not do for them4 ,in a word1 ,rip was ready to attend to anybody's business but his own2 but as to doing family duty1 and keeping his farm in order1 he found it impossible4 ,his children1 too1 were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody4 ,his son ,rip promised to inherit the habits1 with the old clothes1 of his father4 ,he was generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother's heels1 equipped in a pair of his father's cast-off breeches1 which he had much ado to hold up with one hand1 as a fine lady does her train in bad weather4 ,rip ,van ,winkle1 however1 was one of those happy mortals1 of foolish1 well-oiled dispositions1 who take the world easy1 eat white bread or brown1 whichever can be got with least thought or trouble1 and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound4 ,if left to himself1 he would have whistled life away in perfect contentment2 but his wife kept continually dinning in his ear about his idleness1 his carelessness1 and the ruin he was bringing on his family4 ,morning1 noon1 and night1 her tongue was incessantly going1 and everything he said or did was sure to produce a torrent of household eloquence4 ,rip had but one way of replying to all lectures of the kind1 and that1 by frequent use1 had grown into a habit4 ,he shrugged his shoulders1 shook his head1 cast up his eyes1 but said nothing4 ,this1 however1 always provoked a fresh volley from his wife2 so that he was fain to draw off his forces1 and take to the outside of the house--the only side which1 in truth1 belongs to a henpecked husband4 ,rip's sole vdomestic adherent was his dog ,wolf1 who was as much henpecked as his master2 for ,dame ,van ,winkle regarded them as companions in idleness1 and even looked upon ,wolf with an evil eye1 as the cause of his master's going so often astray4 ,true it is1 in all points of spirit befitting an honorable dog1 he was as courageous an animal as ever scoured the woods2 but what courage can withstand the ever-enduring and all-besetting terrors of a woman's tongue8 ,the moment ,wolf entered the house his crest fell1 his tail drooped to the ground or curled between his legs1 he sneaked about with a gallows air1 casting many a sidelong glance at ,dame ,van ,winkle1 and at the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle he would fly to the door with yelping precipitation4 ,times grew worse and worse with ,rip ,van ,winkle as years of matrimony rolled on4 ,a tart temper never mellows with age1 and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener with constant use4 ,for a long while he used to console himself1 when driven from home1 by frequenting a kind of perpetual club of sages1 philosophers1 and other idle personages of the village1 which held its sessions on a bench before a small inn1 designated by a vrubicund portrait of ,his ,majesty ,george ,,iii4 ,here they used to sit in the shade of a long1 lazy summer's day1 talking listlessly over village gossip1 or telling endless sleepy stories about nothing4 ,but it would have been worth any statesman's money to have heard the profound discussions which sometimes took place1 when by chance an old newspaper fell into their hands from some passing traveler4 ,how solemnly they would listen to the contents1 as drawled out by ,derrick ,van ,bummel1 the schoolmaster1--a dapper1 learned little man1 who was not to be daunted by the most gigantic word in the dictionary6 and how sagely they would deliberate upon public events some months after they had taken place6 ,the opinions of this vjunto were completely controlled by ,nicholas ,vedder1 a patriarch of the village1 and landlord of the inn1 at the door of which he took his seat from morning till night1 just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun1 and keep in the shade of a large tree2 so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial4 ,it is true1 he was rarely heard to speak1 but smoked his pipe incessantly4 ,his adherents1 however 7for every great man has his adherents71 perfectly understood him1 and knew how to gather his opinions4 ,when anything that was read or related displeased him1 he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently1 and to send forth short1 frequent1 and angry puffs2 but1 when pleased1 he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly1 and emit it in light and placid clouds1 and sometimes1 taking the pipe from his mouth1 and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose1 would nod his head in approbation4 ,from even this stronghold the unlucky ,rip was at length routed by his vtermagant wife1 who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage1 and call the members all to naught2 nor was that august personage1 ,nicholas ,vedder himself1 sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago1 who charged him with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness4 ,poor ,rip was at last reduced almost to despair2 and his only valternative1 to escape from the labor of the farm and clamor of his wife1 was to take gun in hand and stroll away into the woods4 ,here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree1 and share the contents of his wallet with ,wolf1 with whom he sympathized as a fellow-sufferer in persecution4 ,poor ,wolf1 he would say1 thy mistress leads thee a dog's life of it2 but never mind1 my lad1 whilst ,i live thou shalt never want a friend to stand by thee4 ,wolf would wag his tail1 look wistfully in his master's face2 and if dogs can feel pity1 ,i verily believe he vreciprocated the sentiment with all his heart4 ,in a long ramble of the kind on a fine autumnal day1 ,rip had unconsciously scrambled to one of the highest parts of the ,catskill ,mountains4 ,he was after his favorite sport of squirrel-shooting1 and the still solitudes had echoed and reechoed with the reports of his gun4 ,panting and fatigued1 he threw himself1 late in the afternoon1 on a green knoll1 covered with mountain herbage1 that crowned the brow of a precipice4 ,from an opening between the trees he could overlook all the lower country for many a mile of rich woodland4 ,he saw at a distance the lordly ,hudson1 far1 far below him1 moving on its silent but majestic course1 with the reflection of a purple cloud1 or the sail of a lagging bark1 here and there sleeping on its glassy bosom1 and at last losing itself in the blue highlands4 ,on the other side he looked down into a deep mountain glen1 wild and lonely1 the bottom filled with fragments from the overhanging cliffs1 and scarcely lighted by the reflected rays of the setting sun4 ,for some time ,rip lay musing on this scene2 evening was gradually advancing2 the mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valleys2 he saw that it would be dark long before he could reach the village1 and he heaved a heavy sigh when he thought of encountering the terrors of ,dame ,van ,winkle4 ,as he was about to descend1 he heard a voice from a distance1 hallooing1 ,rip ,van ,winkle6 ,rip ,van ,winkle6 ,he looked round1 but could see nothing but a crow winging its solitary flight across the mountain4 ,he thought his fancy must have deceived him1 and turned again to descend1 when he heard the same cry ring through the still evening air3 ,rip ,van ,winkle6 ,rip ,van ,winkle6--at the same time ,wolf bristled up his back1 and giving a low growl1 skulked to his master's side1 looking fearfully down into the glen4 ,rip now felt a vague apprehension stealing over him2 he looked anxiously in the same direction1 and perceived a strange figure slowly toiling up the rocks1 and bending under the weight of something he carried on his back4 ,he was surprised to see any human being in this lonely and unfrequented place2 but supposing it to be some one of the neighborhood in need of his assistance1 he hastened down to yield it4 ,on nearer approach he was still more surprised at the vsingularity of the stranger's appearance4 ,he was a short1 square-built old fellow1 with thick bushy hair1 and a grizzled beard4 ,his dress was of the antique ,dutch fashion1--a cloth jerkin strapped round the waist1 and several pair of breeches1 the outer one of ample volume1 decorated with rows of buttons down the sides4 ,he bore on his shoulder a stout keg that seemed full of liquor1 and made signs for ,rip to approach and assist him with the load4 ,though rather shy and distrustful of this new acquaintance1 ,rip complied with his usual valacrity1 and relieving one another1 they clambered up a narrow gully1 apparently the dry bed of a mountain torrent4 ,as they ascended1 ,rip every now and then heard long1 rolling peals1 like distant thunder1 that seemed to issue out of a deep ravine1 or rather cleft1 between lofty rocks1 toward which their rugged path conducted4 ,he paused for an instant1 but supposing it to be the muttering of one of those transient thundershowers which often take place in mountain heights1 he proceeded4 ,passing through the ravine1 they came to a hollow1 like a small vamphitheater1 surrounded by perpendicular precipices1 over the brinks of which trees shot their branches1 so that you only caught glimpses of the azure sky and the bright evening cloud4 ,during the whole time ,rip and his companion had labored on in silence2 for though the former marveled greatly1 what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquor up this wild mountain1 yet there was something strange and incomprehensible about the unknown that inspired awe and checked familiarity4 ,on entering the amphitheater new objects of wonder presented themselves4 ,on a level spot in the center was a company of odd-looking personages playing at ninepins4 ,they were dressed in a quaint1 outlandish fashion2 some wore short doublets1 others jerkins1 with long knives in their belts1 and most of them had enormous breeches1 of similar style with that of the guide's4 ,their visages1 too1 were peculiar3 one had a large head1 broad face1 and small1 piggish eyes2 the face of another seemed to consist entirely of nose1 and was surmounted by a white sugar-loaf hat1 set off with a little red cock's tail4 ,they all had beards1 of various shapes and colors4 ,there was one who seemed to be the commander4 ,he was a stout old gentleman1 with a weather-beaten countenance2 he wore a laced doublet1 broad belt and hanger1 high-crowned hat and feather1 red stockings1 and high-heeled shoes1 with roses in them4 ,the whole group reminded ,rip of the figures in an old ,flemish painting1 in the parlor of v,dominie ,van ,shaick1 the village parson1 which had been brought over from ,holland at the time of the settlement4 ,what seemed particularly odd to ,rip was that1 though these folks were evidently amusing themselves1 yet they maintained the gravest faces1 the most mysterious silence1 and were1 withal1 the most melancholy party of pleasure he had ever witnessed4 ,nothing interrupted the stillness of the scene but the noise of the balls1 which1 whenever they were rolled1 echoed along the mountains like rumbling peals of thunder4 ,as ,rip and his companion approached them1 they suddenly desisted from their play1 and stared at him with such fixed1 statue-like gaze1 and such strange1 uncouth countenances1 that his heart turned within him1 and his knees smote together4 ,his companion now emptied the contents of the keg into large flagons1 and made signs to him to wait upon the company4 ,he obeyed with fear and trembling2 they quaffed the liquor in profound silence1 and then returned to their game4 ,by degrees ,rip's awe and apprehension subsided4 ,he even ventured1 when no eye was fixed upon him1 to taste the beverage1 which he found had much of the flavor of excellent ,hollands4 ,he was naturally a thirsty soul1 and was soon tempted to repeat the draught4 ,one taste provoked another2 and he repeated his visits to the flagon so often that at length his senses were overpowered1 his eyes swam in his head1 his head gradually declined1 and he fell into a deep sleep4 ,,ii ,on waking he found himself on the green knoll whence he had first seen the old man of the glen4 ,he rubbed his eyes--it was a bright1 sunny morning4 ,the birds were hopping and twittering among the bushes1 and the eagle was wheeling aloft1 and breasting the pure mountain breeze4 ,surely1 thought ,rip1 ,i have not slept here all night4 ,he recalled the occurrences before he fell asleep4 ,the strange man with a keg of liquor--the mountain ravine--the wild retreat among the rocks--the woe-begone party at ninepins--the flagon--,oh6 that flagon6 that wicked flagon6 thought ,rip2 what excuse shall ,i make to ,dame ,van ,winkle8 ,he looked round for his gun1 but in place of the clean1 well-oiled fowling piece1 he found an old firelock lying by him1 the barrel incrusted with rust1 the lock falling off1 and the stock worm-eaten4 ,he now suspected that the grave revelers of the mountain had put a trick upon him and1 having dosed him with liquor1 had robbed him of his gun4 ,wolf1 too1 had disappeared1 but he might have strayed away after a squirrel or partridge4 ,he whistled after him1 and shouted his name1 but all in vain2 the echoes repeated his whistle and shout1 but no dog was to be seen4 ,he determined to revisit the scene of the last evening's gambol1 and if he met with any of the party1 to demand his dog and gun4 ,as he rose to walk1 he found himself stiff in the joints1 and wanting in his usual activity4 ,these mountain beds do not agree with me1 thought ,rip1 and if this frolic should lay me up with a fit of the rheumatism1 ,i shall have a blessed time with ,dame ,van ,winkle4 ,with some difficulty he got down into the glen2 he found the gully up which he and his companion had ascended the preceding evening2 but to his astonishment a mountain stream was now foaming down it1 leaping from rock to rock1 and filling the glen with babbling murmurs4 ,he1 however1 made shift to scramble up its sides1 working his toilsome way through thickets of birch1 sassafras1 and witch-hazel1 and sometimes tripped up or entangled by the wild grapevines that twisted their coils from tree to tree1 and spread a kind of network in his path4 ,at length he reached to where the ravine had opened through the cliffs to the amphitheater2 but no traces of such opening remained4 ,the rocks presented a high1 impenetrable wall1 over which the torrent came tumbling in a sheet of feathery foam1 and fell into a broad1 deep basin1 black from the shadows of the surrounding forest4 ,here1 then1 poor ,rip was brought to a stand4 ,he again called and whistled after his dog2 he was only answered by the cawing of a flock of idle crows sporting high in air about a dry tree that overhung a sunny precipice2 and who1 secure in their elevation1 seemed to look down and scoff at the poor man's perplexities4 ,what was to be done8--the morning was passing away1 and ,rip felt famished for want of his breakfast4 ,he grieved to give up his dog and gun2 he dreaded to meet his wife2 but it would not do to starve among the mountains4 ,he shook his head1 shouldered the rusty firelock1 and1 with a heart full of trouble and anxiety1 turned his steps homeward4 ,as he approached the village he met a number of people1 but none whom he knew1 which somewhat surprised him1 for he had thought himself acquainted with every one in the country round4 ,their dress1 too1 was of a different fashion from that to which he was accustomed4 ,they all stared at him with equal marks of surprise1 and whenever they cast their eyes upon him1 invariably stroked their chins4 ,the constant recurrence of this gesture induced ,rip1 involuntarily1 to do the same1 when1 to his astonishment1 he found his beard had grown a foot long6 ,he had now entered the skirts of the village4 ,a troop of strange children ran at his heels1 hooting after him1 and pointing at his gray beard4 ,the dogs1 too1 not one of which he recognized for an old acquaintance1 barked at him as he passed4 ,the very village was altered2 it was larger and more populous4 ,there were rows of houses which he had never seen before1 and those which had been his familiar haunts had disappeared4 ,strange names were over the doors--strange faces at the windows--everything was strange4 ,his mind now misgave him2 he began to doubt whether both he and the world around him were not bewitched4 ,surely this was his native village1 which he had left but the day before4 ,there stood the ,catskill ,mountains--there ran the silver ,hudson at a distance--there was every hill and dale precisely as it had always been4 ,rip was sorely perplexed4 ,that flagon last night1 thought he1 has addled my poor head sadly6 ,it was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house1 which he approached with silent awe1 expecting every moment to hear the shrill voice of ,dame ,van ,winkle4 ,he found the house gone to decay--the roof fallen in1 the windows shattered1 and the doors off the hinges4 ,a half-starved dog that looked like ,wolf was skulking about it4 ,rip called him by name1 but the cur snarled1 showed his teeth1 and passed on4 ,this was an unkind cut indeed4 ,my very dog1 sighed ,rip1 has forgotten me6 ,he entered the house1 which1 to tell the truth1 ,dame ,van ,winkle had always kept in neat order4 ,it was empty1 forlorn1 and apparently abandoned4 ,he called loudly for his wife and children--the lonely chambers rang for a moment with his voice1 and then all again was silence4 ,,iii ,he now hurried forth1 and hastened to his old resort1 the village inn--but it1 too1 was gone4 ,a large1 rickety wooden building stood in its place1 with great gaping windows1 some of them broken and mended with old hats and petticoats1 and over the door was painted1 ,the ,union ,hotel1 by ,jonathan ,doolittle4 ,instead of the great tree that used to shelter the quiet little ,dutch inn of yore1 there now was reared a tall1 naked pole1 with something on the top that looked like a red nightcap1 and from it was fluttering a flag1 on which was a singular assemblage of stars and stripes2 all this was strange and incomprehensible4 ,he recognized on the sign1 however1 the ruby face of ,king ,george1 under which he had smoked so many a peaceful pipe2 but even this was singularly changed4 ,the red coat was changed for one of blue and buff1 a sword was held in the hand instead of a scepter1 the head was decorated with a cocked hat1 and underneath was painted in large characters1 ,,general ,,washington4 ,there was1 as usual1 a crowd of folk about the door1 but none that ,rip recollected4 ,the very character of the people seemed changed4 ,there was a busy1 bustling tone about it1 instead of the accustomed drowsy tranquility4 ,he looked in vain for the sage ,nicholas ,vedder1 with his broad face1 double chin1 and long pipe1 uttering clouds of tobacco smoke instead of idle speeches2 or ,van ,bummel1 the schoolmaster1 doling forth the contents of an ancient newspaper4 ,in place of these1 a lean fellow1 with his pockets full of handbills1 was haranguing vehemently about rights of citizens--elections--members of congress--,bunker's ,hill--heroes of seventy-six--and other words1 which were a perfect jargon to the bewildered ,van ,winkle4 ,the appearance of ,rip1 with his long1 grizzled beard1 his rusty fowling piece1 his uncouth dress1 and an army of women and children at his heels1 soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians4 ,they crowded round him1 eyeing him from head to foot with great curiosity4 ,the orator bustled up to him1 and1 drawing him partly aside1 inquired ,on which side he voted8 ,rip stared in vacant stupidity4 ,another short but busy little fellow pulled him by the arm1 and1 rising on tiptoe1 inquired in his ear1 ,whether he was ,federal or ,democrat8 ,rip was equally at a loss to comprehend the question2 when a knowing1 self-important old gentleman1 in a sharp cocked hat1 made his way through the crowd1 putting them to the right and left with his elbows as he passed1 and planting himself before ,van ,winkle1 with one arm akimbo1 the other resting on his cane1 his keen eyes and sharp hat penetrating1 as it were1 into his very soul1 demanded1 in an austere tone1 ,what brought him to the election with a gun on his shoulder1 and a mob at his heels2 and whether he meant to breed a riot in the village8--,alas6 gentlemen1 cried ,rip1 somewhat dismayed1 ,i am a poor1 quiet man1 a native of the place1 and a loyal subject of the king1 ,god bless him6 ,here a general shout burst from the bystanders--,a tory6 a tory6 a spy6 a refugee6 hustle him6 away with him6 ,it was with great difficulty that the self-important man in the cocked hat restored order2 and having assumed a tenfold vausterity of brow1 demanded again of the unknown culprit1 what he came there for1 and whom he was seeking6 ,the poor man humbly assured him that he meant no harm1 but merely came there in search of some of his neighbors4 ,well--who are they8 ,name them4 ,rip bethought himself a moment1 and inquired1 ,where's ,nicholas ,vedder8 ,there was a silence for a little while1 when an old man replied1 in a thin1 piping voice1 ,nicholas ,vedder6 why1 he is dead and gone these eighteen years6 ,there was a wooden tombstone in the churchyard that used to tell all about him1 but that's rotten and gone1 too4 ,where's ,brom ,dutcher8 ,oh1 he went off to the army in the beginning of the war2 some say he was killed at the storming of ,stony ,point2 others say he was drowned in a squall at the foot of ,anthony's ,nose4 ,i don't know2 he never came back again4 ,where's ,van ,brummel1 the schoolmaster8 ,he went off to the wars1 too1 was a great militia general1 and is now in congress4 ,rip's heart died away at hearing of these sad changes in his home and friends and finding himself thus alone in the world4 ,every answer puzzled him1 too1 by treating of such enormous lapses of time1 and of matters which he could not understand3 war--congress--,stony ,point4 ,he had no courage to ask after any more friends1 but cried out in despair1 ,does nobody here know ,rip ,van ,winkle8 ,oh1 ,rip ,van ,winkle6 exclaimed two or three1 oh1 to be sure6 that's ,rip ,van ,winkle yonder1 leaning against the tree4 ,rip looked1 and beheld a precise counterpart of himself1 as he went up the mountain--apparently as lazy and certainly as ragged4 ,the poor fellow was now completely confounded4 ,he doubted his own identity1 and whether he was himself or another man4 ,in the midst of his bewilderment1 the man in the cocked hat demanded who he was1 and what was his name4 ,god knows1 exclaimed he1 at his wits' end2 ,i'm not myself--,i'm somebody else--that's me yonder--no--that's somebody else got into my shoes--,i was myself last night1 but ,i fell asleep on the mountain1 and they've changed my gun1 and everything's changed1 and ,i'm changed1 and ,i can't tell what's my name1 or who ,i am6 ,the bystanders began now to look at each other1 nod1 wink significantly1 and tap their fingers against their foreheads4 ,there was a whisper1 also1 about securing the gun1 and keeping the old fellow from doing mischief1 at the very suggestion of which the self-important man in the cocked hat retired with some precipitation4 ,at this critical moment a fresh1 comely woman pressed through the throng to get a peep at the gray-bearded man4 ,she had a chubby child in her arms1 which1 frightened at his looks1 began to cry4 ,hush1 ,rip1 cried she1 hush1 you little fool2 the old man won't hurt you4 ,the name of the child1 the air of the mother1 the tone of her voice1 all awakened a train of recollections in his mind4 ,what is your name1 my good woman8 asked he4 ,judith ,gardenier4 ,and your father's name8 ,ah1 poor man1 ,rip ,van ,winkle was his name1 but it's twenty years since he went away from home with his gun1 and never has been heard of since--his dog came home without him2 but whether he shot himself1 or was carried away by the ,indians1 nobody can tell4 ,i was then but a little girl4 ,rip had but one question more to ask2 but he put it with a faltering voice3 ,where's your mother8 ,oh1 she1 too1 had died but a short time since2 she broke a blood-vessel in a fit of passion at a ,new ,england peddler4 ,there was a drop of comfort1 at least1 in this intelligence4 ,the honest man could contain himself no longer4 ,he caught his daughter and her child in his arms4 ,i am your father6 cried he--,young ,rip ,van ,winkle once--,old ,rip ,van ,winkle now6 ,does nobody know poor ,rip ,van ,winkle8 ,all stood amazed until an old woman1 tottering out from among the crowd1 put her hand to her brow1 and peering under it in his face for a moment1 exclaimed1 ,sure enough6 it is ,rip ,van ,winkle--it is himself6 ,welcome home again1 old neighbor4 ,why1 where have you been these twenty long years8 ,rip's story was soon told1 for the whole twenty years had been to him but as one night4 ,the neighbors stared when they heard it2 some were seen to wink at each other1 and put their tongues in their cheeks3 and the self-important man in the cocked hat1 who when the alarm was over had returned to the field1 screwed down the corners of his mouth1 and shook his head--upon which there was a general shaking of the head throughout the assemblage4 ,it was determined1 however1 to take the opinion of old ,peter ,vanderdonk1 who was seen slowly advancing up the road4 ,he was a descendant of the historian of that name1 who wrote one of the earliest accounts of the province4 ,peter was the most ancient inhabitant of the village1 and well versed in all the wonderful events and traditions of the neighborhood4 ,he recollected ,rip at once1 and corroborated his story in the most satisfactory manner4 ,he assured the company that it was a fact1 handed down from his ancestor the historian1 that the ,catskill ,mountains had always been haunted by strange beings4 ,it was affirmed that the great ,hendrick ,hudson1 the first discoverer of the river and country1 kept a kind of vigil there every twenty years1 with his crew of the ,half-moon2 being permitted in this way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise1 and keep a guardian eye upon the river and the great city called by his name4 ,his father had once seen them in their old ,dutch dresses playing at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain2 and he himself had heard1 one summer afternoon1 the sound of their balls1 like distant peals of thunder4 ,to make a long story short1 the company broke up and returned to the more important concerns of the election4 ,rip's daughter took him home to live with her2 she had a snug1 well-furnished house1 and a stout1 cheery farmer for a husband1 whom ,rip recollected for one of the urchins that used to climb upon his back4 ,as to ,rip's son and heir1 who was the ditto of himself1 seen leaning against the tree1 he was employed to work on the farm2 but showed an hereditary disposition to attend to anything else but his business4 ,,washington ,,irving4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,rip ,van ,winkle is the most beautiful of ,american legendary stories4 ,washington ,irving1 the author1 taking the old idea of long sleep1 as found in ,the ,sleeping ,beauty and other fairy tales1 gave it an ,american setting and interwove in it the legend of ,henry ,hudson1 the discoverer of the ,hudson river1 who was supposed to return to the scene of his achievement every twenty years1 together with the shades of his crew4 ,i4 ,where is the scene of this story laid8 ,in which paragraph do you learn when the incident related in the story took place8 ,why does ,irving speak of the mountains as fairy mountains8 ,in which paragraph do you meet the principal characters8 ,give the opinion you form of ,rip and his wife4 ,read sentences that show ,rip's good qualities--those that show his faults4 ,what unusual thing happened to ,rip on his walk8 ,how was the dog affected8 ,give a full account of what happened afterward4 ,tell what impressed you most in this scene4 ,read aloud the lines that best describe the scenery4 ,,ii4 ,describe ,rip's waking4 ,what was his worst fear8 ,how did he explain to himself the change in his gun and the disappearance of ,wolf8 ,how did he account for the stiffness of his joints8 ,what was still his chief fear8 ,describe the changes which had taken place in the mountains4 ,with what feeling did he turn homeward8 ,why8 ,how did he discover the alteration in his own appearance8 ,how did the children and dogs treat him8 ,why was this particularly hard for ,rip to understand8 ,what other changes did he find8 ,what remained unaltered8 ,how did ,rip still account for the peculiar happenings8 ,describe ,rip's feelings as he turned to his own house1 and its desolation4 ,,iii4 ,what change had been made in the sign over the inn8 ,why8 ,what important thing was taking place in the village8 ,why did the speech of the lean fellow seem perfect jargon to ,rip8 ,why did he not understand the questions asked him8 ,what happened when ,rip made his innocent reply to the self-important gentleman8 ,how did he at last learn of the lapse of time8 ,what added to his bewilderment8 ,how was the mystery explained8 ,note the question ,rip reserved for the last and the effect the answer had upon him4 ,how did ,peter ,vanderdonk explain the strange happening8 ,what is the happy ending8 ,do you like ,rip8 ,why8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,urashima--,graded ,classics ,,iii4 ,vice ,versa--,f4 ,anstey4 ,peter ,pan--,james ,barrie4 ,the ,legend of ,sleepy ,hollow--,washington ,irving4 ,a ,christmas ,carol--,charles ,dickens4 ,enoch ,arden--,alfred ,tennyson4 ,,footnote3 #i-99 ,for words marked v1 see ,dictionary4 ,illustration3 ,photograph by ,aldrich ,the ,great ,stone ,face ,,the ,,great ,,stone ,,face ,i ,one afternoon when the sun was going down1 a mother and her little boy sat at the door of their cottage1 talking about the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,they had but to lift their eyes1 and there it was plainly to be seen1 though miles away1 with the sunshine brightening all its features4 ,and what was the ,great ,stone ,face8 ,the ,great ,stone ,face was a work of ,nature in her mood of majestic playfulness1 formed on the perpendicular side of a mountain by some immense rocks1 which had been thrown together in such a position as1 when viewed at a proper distance1 precisely to resemble the features of the human countenance4 ,it seemed as if an enormous giant1 or a v,titan1 had sculptured his own likeness on the precipice4 ,there was the broad arch of the forehead1 a hundred feet in height2 the nose1 with its long bridge2 and the vast lips1 which1 if they could have spoken1 would have rolled their thunder accents from one end of the valley to the other4 ,it was a happy lot for children to grow up to manhood or womanhood with the ,great ,stone ,face before their eyes1 for all the features were noble1 and the expression was at once grand and sweet1 as if it were the glow of a vast1 warm heart that embraced all mankind in its affections1 and had room for more4 ,as we began with saying1 a mother and her little boy sat at their cottage door1 gazing at the ,great ,stone ,face1 and talking about it4 ,the child's name was ,ernest4 ,mother1 said he1 while the ,titanic visage smiled on him1 ,i wish that it could speak1 for it looks so very kindly that its voice must be pleasant4 ,if ,i were to see a man with such a face1 ,i should love him dearly4 ,if an old prophecy should come to pass1 answered his mother1 we may see a man1 some time or other1 with exactly such a face as that4 ,what prophecy do you mean1 dear mother8 eagerly inquired ,ernest4 ,pray tell me all about it6 ,so his mother told him a story that her own mother had told to her1 when she herself was younger than little ,ernest2 a story1 not of things that were past1 but of what was yet to come2 a story1 nevertheless1 so very old that even the ,indians1 who formerly inhabited this valley1 had heard it from their forefathers1 to whom1 they believed1 it had been murmured by the mountain streams1 and whispered by the wind among the tree tops4 ,the story said that at some future day a child should be born hereabouts who was destined to become the greatest and noblest man of his time1 and whose countenance1 in manhood1 should bear an exact resemblance to the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,o mother1 dear mother6 cried ,ernest1 clapping his hands above his head1 ,i do hope that ,i shall live to see him6 ,his mother was an affectionate and thoughtful woman1 and felt that it was wisest not to discourage the hopes of her little boy4 ,she only said to him1 ,perhaps you may1 little thinking that the prophecy would one day come true4 ,and ,ernest never forgot the story that his mother told him4 ,it was always in his mind whenever he looked upon the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,he spent his childhood in the log cottage where he was born1 and was dutiful to his mother1 and helpful to her in many things1 assisting her much with his little hands1 and more with his loving heart4 ,in this manner1 from a happy yet thoughtful child1 he grew to be a mild1 quiet1 modest boy1 sun-browned with labor in the fields1 but with more intelligence in his face than is seen in many lads who have been taught at famous schools4 ,yet ,ernest had had no teacher1 save only that the ,great ,stone ,face became one to him4 ,when the toil of the day was over1 he would gaze at it for hours1 until he began to imagine that those vast features recognized him1 and gave him a smile of kindness and encouragement in response to his own look of vveneration4 ,we must not take upon us to affirm that this was a mistake1 although the ,face may have looked no more kindly at ,ernest than at all the world besides4 ,for the secret was that the boy's tender simplicity vdiscerned what other people could not see2 and thus the love1 which was meant for all1 became his alone4 ,,ii ,about this time1 there went a rumor throughout the valley that the great man1 foretold from ages long ago1 who was to bear a resemblance to the ,great ,stone ,face1 had appeared at last4 ,it seems that1 many years before1 a young man had left the valley and settled at a distant seaport1 where1 after getting together a little money1 he had set up as a shopkeeper4 ,his name--but ,i could never learn whether it was his real one1 or a nickname that had grown out of his habits and success in life--was ,gathergold4 ,it might be said of him1 as of v,midas in the fable1 that whatever he touched with his finger immediately glistened1 and grew yellow1 and was changed at once into coin4 ,and when ,mr4 ,gathergold had become so rich that it would have taken him a hundred years only to count his wealth1 he bethought himself of his native valley1 and resolved to go back thither1 and end his days where he was born4 ,with this purpose in view1 he sent a skillful architect to build him such a palace as should be fit for a man of his vast wealth to live in4 ,as ,i have said above1 it had already been rumored in the valley that ,mr4 ,gathergold had turned out to be the person so long and vainly looked for1 and that his visage was the perfect and undeniable likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,people were the more ready to believe that this must needs be the fact when they beheld the splendid edifice that rose1 as if by enchantment1 on the site of his father's old weather-beaten farmhouse4 ,the exterior was of marble1 so dazzling white that it seemed as though the whole structure might melt away in the sunshine1 like those humbler ones which ,mr4 ,gathergold1 in his young playdays1 had been accustomed to build of snow4 ,it had a richly ornamented portico1 supported by tall pillars1 beneath which was a lofty door1 studded with silver knobs1 and made of a kind of variegated wood that had been brought from beyond the sea4 ,the windows1 from the floor to the ceiling of each stately apartment1 were each composed of but one enormous pane of glass4 ,hardly anybody had been permitted to see the interior of this palace2 but it was reported to be far more gorgeous than the outside1 insomuch that whatever was iron or brass in other houses was silver or gold in this2 and ,mr4 ,gathergold's bedchamber1 especially1 made such a glittering appearance that no ordinary man would have been able to close his eyes there4 ,but1 on the other hand1 ,mr4 ,gathergold was now so accustomed to wealth that perhaps he could not have closed his eyes unless where the gleam of it was certain to find its way beneath his eyelids4 ,in due time1 the mansion was finished2 next came the upholsterers1 with magnificent furniture2 then a whole troop of black and white servants1 the harbingers of ,mr4 ,gathergold1 who1 in his own majestic person1 was expected to arrive at sunset4 ,our friend ,ernest1 meanwhile1 had been deeply stirred by the idea that the great man1 the noble man1 the man of prophecy1 after so many ages of delay1 was at length to appear in his native valley4 ,he knew1 boy as he was1 that there were a thousand ways in which ,mr4 ,gathergold1 with his vast wealth1 might transform himself into an angel of beneficence1 and assume a control over human affairs as wide and vbenignant as the smile of the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,full of faith and hope1 ,ernest doubted not that what the people said was true1 and that now he was to behold the living likeness of those wondrous features on the mountain side4 ,while the boy was still gazing up the valley1 and fancying1 as he always did1 that the ,great ,stone ,face returned his gaze and looked kindly at him1 the rumbling of wheels was heard1 approaching swiftly along the winding road4 ,here he comes6 cried a group of people who were assembled to witness the arrival4 ,here comes the great ,mr4 ,gathergold6 ,a carriage1 drawn by four horses1 dashed round the turn of the road4 ,within it1 thrust partly out of the window1 appeared the face of a little old man1 with a skin as yellow as gold4 ,he had a low forehead1 small1 sharp eyes1 puckered about with innumerable wrinkles1 and very thin lips1 which he made still thinner by pressing them forcibly together4 ,the very image of the ,great ,stone ,face6 shouted the people4 ,sure enough1 the old prophecy is true4 ,and1 what greatly perplexed ,ernest1 they seemed actually to believe that here was the likeness which they spoke of4 ,by the roadside there chanced to be an old beggar woman and two little beggar children1 stragglers from some far-off region1 who1 as the carriage rolled onward1 held out their hands and lifted up their doleful voices1 most piteously beseeching charity4 ,a yellow claw--the very same that had clawed together so much wealth--poked itself out of the coach window1 and dropped some copper coins upon the ground2 so that1 though the great man's name seems to have been ,gathergold1 he might just as suitably have been nicknamed ,scattercopper4 ,still1 nevertheless1 with an earnest shout1 and evidently with as much good faith as ever1 the people bellowed3 ,he is the very image of the ,great ,stone ,face6 ,but ,ernest turned sadly from the wrinkled shrewdness of that visage and gazed up the valley1 where1 amid a gathering mist1 gilded by the last sunbeams1 he could still distinguish those glorious features which had impressed themselves into his soul4 ,their aspect cheered him4 ,what did the benign lips seem to say8 ,he will come6 ,fear not1 ,ernest2 the man will come6 ,the years went on1 and ,ernest ceased to be a boy4 ,he had grown to be a young man now4 ,he attracted little notice from the other inhabitants of the valley1 for they saw nothing remarkable in his way of life1 save that1 when the labor of the day was over1 he still loved to go apart and gaze and meditate upon the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,according to their idea of the matter1 however1 it was a pardonable folly1 for ,ernest was industrious1 kind1 and neighborly1 and neglected no duty for the sake of this idle habit4 ,they knew not that the ,great ,stone ,face had become a teacher to him1 and that the sentiment which was expressed in it would enlarge the young man's heart1 and fill it with wider and deeper sympathies than other hearts4 ,they knew not that thence would come a better wisdom than could be learned from books1 and a better life than could be molded on the example of other human lives4 ,neither did ,ernest know that the thoughts and affections which came to him so naturally1 in the fields and at the fireside1 were of a higher tone than those which all men shared with him4 ,a simple soul1--simple as when his mother first taught him the old prophecy1--he beheld the marvelous features beaming down the valley1 and still wondered that their human counterpart was so long in making his appearance4 ,by this time poor ,mr4 ,gathergold was dead and buried2 and the oddest part of the matter was that his wealth1 which was the body and spirit of his existence1 had disappeared before his death1 leaving nothing of him but a living skeleton1 covered over with a wrinkled1 yellow skin4 ,since the melting away of his gold1 it had been very generally allowed that there was no such striking resemblance1 after all1 betwixt the ignoble features of the ruined merchant and that majestic face upon the mountain side4 ,so the people ceased to honor him during his lifetime1 and quietly forgot him after his decease4 ,once in a while1 it is true1 his memory was brought up in connection with the magnificent palace which he had built1 and which had long ago been turned into a hotel for the accommodation of strangers1 multitudes of whom came1 every summer1 to visit that famous natural curiosity1 the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,the man of prophecy was yet to come4 ,,iii ,it so happened that a native-born son of the valley1 many years before1 had enlisted as a soldier1 and1 after a great deal of hard fighting1 had now become an illustrious commander4 ,whatever he may be called in history1 he was known in camps and on the battlefield under the nickname of ,old ,blood-and-,thunder4 ,this war-worn veteran1 being now weary of a military life1 and of the roll of the drum and the clangor of the trumpet that had so long been ringing in his ears1 had lately signified a purpose of returning to his native valley1 hoping to find repose where he remembered to have left it4 ,the inhabitants1 his old neighbors and their grown-up children1 were resolved to welcome the vrenowned warrior with a salute of cannon and a public dinner2 and all the more enthusiastically because it was believed that at last the likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face had actually appeared4 ,a friend of ,old ,blood-and-,thunder1 traveling through the valley1 was said to have been struck with the resemblance4 ,moreover1 the schoolmates and early acquaintances of the general were ready to testify1 on oath1 that1 to the best of their recollection1 the general had been exceedingly like the majestic image1 even when a boy1 only that the idea had never occurred to them at that period4 ,great1 therefore1 was the excitement throughout the valley2 and many people1 who had never once thought of glancing at the ,great ,stone ,face for years before1 now spent their time in gazing at it1 for the sake of knowing exactly how ,general ,blood-and-,thunder looked4 ,on the day of the great festival1 ,ernest1 and all the other people of the valley1 left their work and proceeded to the spot where the banquet was prepared4 ,as he approached1 the loud voice of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,battleblast was heard1 beseeching a blessing on the good things set before them1 and on the distinguished friend of peace in whose honor they were assembled4 ,the tables were arranged in a cleared space of the woods1 shut in by the surrounding trees1 except where a vista opened eastward1 and afforded a distant view of the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,over the general's chair1 which was a relic from the home of ,washington1 there was an arch of green boughs and laurel surmounted by his country's banner1 beneath which he had won his victories4 ,our friend ,ernest raised himself on his tiptoes1 in hopes to get a glimpse of the celebrated guest2 but there was a mighty crowd about the tables anxious to hear the toasts and speeches1 and to catch any word that might fall from the general in reply2 and a volunteer company1 doing duty as a guard1 pricked with their bayonets at any particularly quiet person among the throng4 ,so ,ernest1 being of a modest character1 was thrust quite into the background1 where he could see no more of ,old ,blood-and-,thunder's face than if it had been still blazing on the battlefield4 ,to console himself he turned toward the ,great ,stone ,face1 which1 like a faithful and long-remembered friend1 looked back and smiled upon him through the forest4 ,meantime1 however1 he could overhear the remarks of various individuals who were comparing the features of the hero with the face on the distant mountain side4 ',tis the same face1 to a hair6 cried one man1 cutting a caper for joy4 ,wonderfully like1 that's a fact6 responded another4 ,like6 ,why1 ,i call it ,old ,blood-and-,thunder himself1 in a monstrous looking-glass6 cried a third4 ,and why not8 ,he's the greatest man of this or any other age1 beyond a doubt4 ,the general6 ,the general6 was now the cry4 ,hush6 ,silence6 ,old ,blood-and-,thunder's going to make a speech4 ,even so2 for1 the cloth being removed1 the general's health had been drunk amid shouts of applause1 and he now stood upon his feet to thank the company4 ,ernest saw him4 ,there he was1 over the shoulders of the crowd1 from the two glittering epaulets and embroidered collar upward1 beneath the arch of green boughs with intertwined laurel1 and the banner drooping as if to shade his brow6 ,and there1 too1 visible in the same glance1 appeared the ,great ,stone ,face6 ,and was there1 indeed1 such a resemblance as the crowd had testified8 ,alas1 ,ernest could not recognize it6 ,he beheld a war-worn and weather-beaten countenance1 full of energy1 and expressive of an iron will2 but the gentle wisdom1 the deep1 broad1 tender sympathies were altogether wanting in ,old ,blood-and-,thunder's visage4 ,this is not the man of prophecy1 sighed ,ernest to himself1 as he made his way out of the throng4 ,and must the world wait longer yet8 ,the mists had gathered about the distant mountain side1 and there were seen the grand and awful features of the ,great ,stone ,face1 awful but benignant1 as if a mighty angel were sitting among the hills and enrobing himself in a cloud vesture of gold and purple4 ,as he looked1 ,ernest could hardly believe but that a smile beamed over the whole visage1 with a radiance still brightening1 although without motion of the lips4 ,it was probably the effect of the western sunshine1 melting the thin vapors that had swept between him and the object that he had gazed at4 ,but--as it always did--the aspect of his marvelous friend made ,ernest as hopeful as if he had never hoped in vain4 ,fear not1 ,ernest1 said his heart1 even as if the ,great ,face were whispering him--fear not1 ,ernest4 ,,iv ,more years sped swiftly and tranquilly away4 ,ernest still dwelt in his native valley1 and was now a man of middle age4 ,by slow degrees he had become known among the people4 ,now1 as heretofore1 he labored for his bread1 and was the same simple-hearted man that he had always been4 ,but he had thought and felt so much1 he had given so many of the best hours of his life to unworldly hopes for some great good to mankind1 that it seemed as though he had been talking with the angels1 and had imbibed a portion of their wisdom unawares4 ,it was visible in the calm beneficence of his daily life1 the quiet stream of which had made a wide1 green margin all along its course4 ,not a day passed by that the world was not the better because this man1 humble as he was1 had lived4 ,he never stepped aside from his own path1 yet would always reach a blessing to his neighbor4 ,almost involuntarily1 too1 he had become a preacher4 ,the pure and high simplicity of his thought1 which took shape in the good deeds that dropped silently from his hand1 flowered also forth in speech4 ,he uttered truths that molded the lives of those who heard him4 ,his hearers1 it may be1 never suspected that ,ernest1 their own neighbor and familiar friend1 was more than an ordinary man2 least of all did ,ernest himself suspect it2 but thoughts came out of his mouth that no other human lips had spoken4 ,when the people's minds had had a little time to cool1 they were ready enough to acknowledge their mistake in imagining a similarity between ,general ,blood-and-,thunder and the benign visage on the mountain side4 ,but now1 again1 there were reports and many paragraphs in the newspapers1 affirming that the likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face had appeared upon the broad shoulders of a certain eminent vstatesman4 ,he1 like ,mr4 ,gathergold and ,old ,blood-and-,thunder1 was a native of the valley1 but had left it in his early days1 and taken up the trades of law and politics4 ,instead of the rich man's wealth and the warrior's sword he had but a tongue1 and it was mightier than both together4 ,so wonderfully eloquent was he that1 whatever he might choose to say1 his hearers had no choice but to believe him2 wrong looked like right1 and right like wrong4 ,his voice1 indeed1 was a magic instrument3 sometimes it rumbled like the thunder2 sometimes it warbled like the sweetest music4 ,in good truth1 he was a wondrous man2 and when his tongue had acquired him all other imaginable success1--when it had been heard in halls of state and in the courts of princes1--after it had made him known all over the world1 even as a voice crying from shore to shore1--it finally persuaded his countrymen to select him for the presidency4 ,before this time1--indeed1 as soon as he began to grow celebrated1--his admirers had found out the resemblance between him and the ,great ,stone ,face2 and so much were they struck by it that throughout the country this distinguished gentleman was known by the name of ,old ,stony ,phiz4 ,while his friends were doing their best to make him ,president1 ,old ,stony ,phiz1 as he was called1 set out on a visit to the valley where he was born4 ,of course he had no other object than to shake hands with his fellow-citizens1 and neither thought nor cared about any effect which his progress through the country might have upon the election4 ,magnificent preparations were made to receive the villustrious statesmen2 a cavalcade of horsemen set forth to meet him at the boundary line of the ,state1 and all the people left their business and gathered along the wayside to see him pass4 ,among these was ,ernest4 ,though more than once disappointed1 as we have seen1 he had such a hopeful and confiding nature that he was always ready to believe in whatever seemed beautiful and good4 ,he kept his heart continually open1 and thus was sure to catch the blessing from on high1 when it should come4 ,so now again1 as buoyantly as ever1 he went forth to behold the likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,the cavalcade came prancing along the road1 with a great clattering of hoofs and a mighty cloud of dust1 which rose up so dense and high that the visage of the mountain side was completely hidden from ,ernest's eyes4 ,all the great men of the neighborhood were there on horseback3 militia officers1 in uniform2 the member of congress2 the sheriff of the county2 the editors of newspapers2 and many a farmer1 too1 had mounted his patient steed1 with his ,sunday coat upon his back4 ,it really was a very brilliant spectacle1 especially as there were numerous banners flaunting over the cavalcade1 on some of which were gorgeous portraits of the illustrious statesman and the ,great ,stone ,face1 smiling familiarly at one another1 like two brothers4 ,if the pictures were to be trusted1 the resemblance1 it must be confessed1 was marvelous4 ,we must not forget to mention that there was a band of music1 which made the echoes of the mountains ring with the loud triumph of its strains1 so that airy and soul-thrilling melodies broke out among all the heights and hollows1 as if every nook of his native valley had found a voice to welcome the distinguished guest4 ,but the grandest effect was when the far-off mountain precipice flung back the music2 for then the ,great ,stone ,face itself seemed to be swelling the triumphant chorus1 in acknowledgment that1 at length1 the man of prophecy was come4 ,all this while the people were throwing up their hats and shouting with such enthusiasm that the heart of ,ernest kindled up1 and he likewise threw up his hat and shouted as loudly as the loudest1 ,huzza for the great man6 ,huzza for ,old ,stony ,phiz6 ,but as yet he had not seen him4 ,here he is now6 cried those who stood near ,ernest4 ,there6 ,there6 ,look at ,old ,stony ,phiz and then at the ,old ,man of the ,mountain1 and see if they are not as like as two twin brothers6 ,in the midst of all this gallant array came an open vbarouche1 drawn by four white horses2 and in the barouche1 with his massive head uncovered1 sat the illustrious statesman1 ,old ,stony ,phiz himself4 ,confess it1 said one of ,ernest's neighbors to him1 the ,great ,stone ,face has met its match at last6 ,now1 it must be owned that1 at his first glimpse of the countenance which was bowing and smiling from the barouche1 ,ernest did fancy that there was a resemblance between it and the old familiar face upon the mountain side4 ,the brow1 with its massive depth and loftiness1 and all the other features1 indeed1 were bold and strong4 ,but the grand expression of a divine sympathy that illuminated the mountain visage might here be sought in vain4 ,still ,ernest's neighbor was thrusting his elbow into his side1 and pressing him for an answer4 ,confess6 ,confess6 ,is not he the very picture of your ,old ,man of the ,mountain8 ,no6 said ,ernest1 bluntly2 ,i see little or no likeness4 ,then so much the worse for the ,great ,stone ,face6 answered his neighbor4 ,and again he set up a shout for ,old ,stony ,phiz4 ,but ,ernest turned away1 melancholy1 and almost despondent2 for this was the saddest of his disappointments1 to behold a man who might have fulfilled the prophecy1 and had not willed to do so4 ,meantime1 the cavalcade1 the banners1 the music1 and the barouches swept past him1 with the shouting crowd in the rear1 leaving the dust to settle down1 and the ,great ,stone ,face to be revealed again1 with the grandeur that it had worn for untold centuries4 ,lo1 here ,i am1 ,ernest6 the benign lips seemed to say4 ,i have waited longer than thou1 and am not yet weary4 ,fear not2 the man will come4 ,v ,the years hurried onward1 treading in their haste on one another's heels4 ,and now they began to bring white hairs and scatter them over the head of ,ernest2 they made wrinkles across his forehead and furrows in his cheeks4 ,he was an aged man4 ,but not in vain had he grown old2 more than the white hairs on his head were the wise thoughts in his mind4 ,and ,ernest had ceased to be obscure4 ,unsought for1 undesired1 had come the fame which so many seek1 and made him known in the great world1 beyond the limits of the valley in which he had dwelt so quietly4 ,college professors1 and even the active men of cities1 came from far to see and converse with ,ernest2 for the report had gone abroad that this simple farmer had ideas unlike those of other men1 and a tranquil majesty as if he had been talking with the angels as his daily friends4 ,ernest received these visitors with the gentle sincerity that had marked him from boyhood1 and spoke freely with them of whatever came uppermost1 or lay deepest in his heart or their own4 ,while they talked together his face would kindle and shine upon them1 as with a mild evening light4 ,when his guests took leave and went their way1 and passing up the valley1 paused to look at the ,great ,stone ,face1 they imagined that they had seen its likeness in a human countenance1 but could not remember where4 ,while ,ernest had been growing up and growing old1 a bountiful ,providence had granted a new poet to this earth4 ,he1 likewise1 was a native of the valley1 but had spent the greater part of his life at a distance from that romantic region1 pouring out his sweet music amid the bustle and din of cities4 ,often1 however1 did the mountains which had been familiar to him in his childhood lift their snowy peaks into the clear atmosphere of his poetry4 ,neither was the ,great ,stone ,face forgotten1 for he had celebrated it in a poem which was grand enough to have been uttered by its lips4 ,the songs of this poet found their way to ,ernest4 ,he read them after his customary toil1 seated on the bench before his cottage door1 where for such a length of time he had filled his repose with thought1 by gazing at the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,and now1 as he read stanzas that caused the soul to thrill within him1 he lifted his eyes to the vast countenance beaming on him so benignantly4 ,o majestic friend1 he said1 addressing the ,great ,stone ,face1 is not this man worthy to resemble thee8 ,the ,face seemed to smile1 but answered not a word4 ,now it happened that the poet1 though he dwelt so far away1 had not only heard of ,ernest1 but had meditated much upon his character1 until he deemed nothing so desirable as to meet this man whose untaught wisdom walked hand in hand with the noble simplicity of his life4 ,one summer morning1 therefore1 he took passage by the railroad1 and1 in the decline of the afternoon1 alighted from the cars at no great distance from ,ernest's cottage4 ,the great hotel1 which had formerly been the palace of ,mr4 ,gathergold1 was close at hand1 but the poet1 with his carpetbag on his arm1 inquired at once where ,ernest dwelt1 and was resolved to be accepted as his guest4 ,approaching the door1 he there found the good old man1 holding a volume in his hand1 which he read1 and then1 with a finger between the leaves1 looked lovingly at the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,good evening1 said the poet4 ,can you give a traveler a night's lodging8 ,willingly1 answered ,ernest4 ,and then he added1 smiling1 ,methinks ,i never saw the ,great ,stone ,face look so hospitably at a stranger4 ,the poet sat down on the bench beside him1 and he and ,ernest talked together4 ,often had the poet conversed with the wittiest and the wisest1 but never before with a man like ,ernest1 whose thoughts and feelings gushed up with such a natural freedom1 and who made great truths so familiar by his simple utterance of them4 ,angels1 as had been so often said1 seemed to have wrought with him at his labor in the fields2 angels seemed to have sat with him by the fireside4 ,so thought the poet4 ,and ,ernest1 on the other hand1 was moved by the living images which the poet flung out of his mind1 and which peopled all the air about the cottage door with shapes of beauty4 ,as ,ernest listened to the poet1 he imagined that the ,great ,stone ,face was bending forward to listen1 too4 ,he gazed earnestly into the poet's glowing eyes4 ,who are you1 my strangely gifted guest6 he said4 ,the poet laid his finger on the volume that ,ernest had been reading4 ,you have read these poems1 said he4 ,you know me1 then1--for ,i wrote them4 ,again1 and still more earnestly than before1 ,ernest examined the poet's features2 then turned toward the ,great ,stone ,face2 then back to his guest4 ,but his countenance fell2 he shook his head1 and mournfully sighed4 ,wherefore are you sad8 inquired the poet4 ,because1 replied ,ernest1 all through life ,i have awaited the fulfillment of a prophecy2 and when ,i read these poems1 ,i hoped that it might be fulfilled in you4 ,you hoped1 answered the poet1 faintly smiling1 to find in me the likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,and you are disappointed1 as formerly with ,mr4 ,gathergold1 and ,old ,blood-and-,thunder1 and ,old ,stony ,phiz4 ,yes1 ,ernest1 it is my doom4 ,you must add my name to the illustrious three1 and record another failure of your hopes4 ,for--in shame and sadness do ,i speak it1 ,ernest--,i am not worthy4 ,and why8 asked ,ernest4 ,he pointed to the volume4 ,are not those thoughts divine8 ,you can hear in them the far-off echo of a heavenly song1 replied the poet4 ,but my life1 dear ,ernest1 has not corresponded with my thought4 ,i have had grand dreams1 but they have been only dreams1 because ,i have lived--and that1 too1 by my own choice--among poor and mean realities4 ,sometimes even--shall ,i dare to say it8--,i lack faith in the grandeur1 the beauty1 and the goodness which my own works are said to have made more evident in nature and in human life4 ,why1 then1 pure seeker of the good and true1 shouldst thou hope to find me in yonder image of the divine8 ,the poet spoke sadly1 and his eyes were dim with tears4 ,so1 likewise1 were those of ,ernest4 ,at the hour of sunset1 as had long been his frequent custom1 ,ernest was to speak to an assemblage of the neighboring inhabitants in the open air4 ,he and the poet1 arm in arm1 still talking together as they went along1 proceeded to the spot4 ,it was a small nook among the hills1 with a gray precipice behind1 the stern front of which was relieved by the pleasant foliage of many creeping plants1 that made a vtapestry for the naked rock by hanging their festoons from all its rugged angles4 ,at a small elevation above the ground1 set in a rich framework of verdure1 there appeared a vniche1 spacious enough to admit a human figure4 ,into this natural pulpit ,ernest ascended and threw a look of familiar kindness around upon his audience4 ,they stood1 or sat1 or reclined upon the grass1 as seemed good to each1 with the departing sunshine falling over them4 ,in another direction was seen the ,great ,stone ,face1 with the same cheer1 combined with the same solemnity1 in its benignant aspect4 ,ernest began to speak1 giving to the people of what was in his heart and mind4 ,his words had power1 because they accorded with his thoughts2 and his thoughts had reality and depth1 because they harmonized with the life which he had always lived4 ,the poet1 as he listened1 felt that the being and character of ,ernest were a nobler strain of poetry than he had ever written4 ,his eyes glistening with tears1 he gazed reverentially at the venerable man1 and said within himself that never was there an aspect so worthy of a prophet and a sage as that mild1 sweet1 thoughtful countenance with the glory of white hair diffused about it4 ,at a distance1 but distinctly to be seen1 high up in the golden light of the setting sun1 appeared the ,great ,stone ,face1 with hoary mists around it1 like the white hairs around the brow of ,ernest4 ,at that moment1 in sympathy with a thought which he was about to utter1 the face of ,ernest assumed a grandeur of expression1 so full of benevolence1 that the poet1 by an irresistible impulse1 threw his arms aloft1 and shouted3 ,behold6 ,behold6 ,ernest is himself the likeness of the ,great ,stone ,face6 ,then all the people looked and saw that what the deep-sighted poet said was true4 ,the prophecy was fulfilled4 ,the man had appeared at last4 ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,the ,great ,stone ,face is a rock formation in the ,franconia ,notch of the ,white ,mountains of ,new ,hampshire1 known as ,the ,old ,man of the ,mountain4 ,i4 ,what picture do you get from ,part ,i8 ,tell in your own words what the mother told ,ernest about the ,great ,stone ,face4 ,who had carved the face8 ,how8 ,find something that is one hundred feet high1 and picture to yourself the immensity of the whole face1 judging by the forehead alone4 ,describe ,ernest's childhood and his education4 ,,ii4 ,what reason had the people for thinking that the great man had come in the person of ,mr4 ,gathergold8 ,explain the reference to ,midas4 ,what was there in ,mr4 ,gathergold's appearance and action to disappoint ,ernest8 ,what comforted him8 ,why were the people willing to believe that ,mr4 ,gathergold was the image of the ,great ,stone ,face8 ,what caused them to decide that he was not8 ,what was there to indicate that ,ernest would become a great and good man8 ,,iii4 ,what new character is now introduced8 ,wherein was ,old ,blood-and-,thunder lacking in resemblance to the ,great ,stone ,face8 ,compare him with ,mr4 ,gathergold and decide which was the greater character8 ,how was ,ernest comforted in his second disappointment8 ,,iv4 ,what kind of man had ,ernest become8 ,what figure comes into the story now8 ,find a sentence that gives a clew to the character of ,stony ,phiz4 ,compare him with the characters previously introduced4 ,why was ,ernest more disappointed than before8 ,where did he again look for comfort8 ,v4 ,what changes did the hurrying years bring ,ernest8 ,what sentence indicates who the man of prophecy might be8 ,who is now introduced in the story8 ,give the opinion that ,ernest and the poet had of each other4 ,find the sentence which explains why the poet failed4 ,who was the first to recognize in ,ernest the likeness to the ,great ,stone ,face8 ,why did ,hawthorne have a poet to make the discovery8 ,in what way was ,ernest great8 ,how had he become so8 ,what trait of ,ernest's character is shown in the last sentence8 ,the story is divided into five parts4 ,make an outline telling what is the topic of each part4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,sketch ,book--,washington ,irving4 ,old ,curiosity ,shop--,charles ,dickens4 ,pendennis--,william ,makepeace ,thackeray4 ,the ,snow-,image--,nathaniel ,hawthorne4 ,the ,legend ,beautiful--,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,william ,wilson--,edgar ,allan ,poe4 ,illustration3 ,priscilla and ,john ,alden ,,the ,,courtship ,,of ,,miles ,,standish ,i ,in the ,old ,colony days1 in ,plymouth the land of the ,pilgrims1 ,to and fro in a room of his simple and primitive dwelling1 ,clad in vdoublet and hose1 and boots of v,cordovan leather1 ,strode1 with a martial air1 ,miles ,standish the ,puritan ,captain4 ,buried in thought he seemed1 with hands behind him1 and pausing ,ever and anon to behold the glittering weapons of warfare1 ,hanging in shining array along the walls of the chamber1-- ,cutlass and corslet of steel1 and his trusty vsword of ,damascus4 ,short of stature he was1 but strongly built and athletic1 ,broad in the shoulders1 deep-chested1 with muscles and sinews of iron2 ,brown as a nut was his face1 but his russet beard was already ,flaked with patches of snow1 as hedges sometimes in ,november4 ,near him was seated ,john ,alden1 his friend1 and household companion1 ,writing with diligent speed at a table of pine by the window2 ,fair-haired1 azure-eyed1 with delicate ,saxon complexion4 ,youngest of all was he of the men who came in the ,may ,flower4 7,standish takes up a book and reads a moment47 ,suddenly breaking the silence1 the diligent scribe interrupting1 ,spake1 in the pride of his heart1 ,miles ,standish the ,captain of ,plymouth4 ,look at these arms1 he said1 the warlike weapons that hang here ,burnished and bright and clean1 as if for parade or inspection6 ,this is the sword of ,damascus ,i fought with in ,flanders2 this breastplate1 ,well1 ,i remember the day6 once saved my life in a skirmish2 ,here in front you can see the very dint of the bullet4 ,had it not been of sheer steel1 the forgotten bones of ,miles ,standish ,would at this moment be mold1 in the grave in the ,flemish morasses4 ,thereupon answered ,john ,alden1 but looked not up from his writing3 ,truly the breath of the ,lord hath slackened the speed of the bullet2 ,he in his mercy preserved you to be our shield and our weapon6 ,still the ,captain continued1 unheeding the words of the stripling3 ,see how bright they are burnished1 as if in an arsenal hanging2 ,that is because ,i have done it myself1 and not left it to others4 ,serve yourself1 would you be well served1 is an excellent vadage2 ,so ,i take care of my arms1 as you of your pens and your inkhorn4 ,then1 too1 there are my soldiers1 my great1 invincible army1 ,twelve men1 all equipped1 having each his rest and his matchlock1 ,eighteen shillings a month1 together with diet and pillage1 ,and1 like ,caesar1 ,i know the name of each of my soldiers6 ,all was silent again2 the ,captain continued his reading4 ,nothing was heard in the room but the hurrying pen of the stripling ,writing epistles important to go next day by the ,may ,flower1 ,ready to sail on the morrow1 or next day at latest1 ,god willing1 ,homeward bound with the tidings of all that terrible winter1 ,letters written by ,alden and full of the name of ,priscilla1 ,full of the name and the fame of the ,puritan maiden ,priscilla4 ,every sentence began or closed with the name of ,priscilla1 ,till the treacherous pen1 to which he confided the secret ,strove to betray it by singing and shouting the name of ,priscilla6 ,finally closing his book1 with a bang of its vponderous cover1 ,sudden and loud as the sound of a soldier grounding his musket1 ,thus to the young man spake ,miles ,standish the ,captain of ,plymouth3 ,when you have finished your work1 ,i have something important to tell you4 ,be not however in haste2 ,i can wait2 ,i shall not be impatient6 ,straightway ,alden replied1 as he folded the last of his letters1 ,pushing his papers aside1 and giving respectful attention3 ,speak2 for whenever you speak1 ,i am always ready to listen1 ,always ready to hear whatever pertains to ,miles ,standish4 ,thereupon answered the ,captain1 embarrassed1 and culling his phrases3 ',tis not good for a man to be alone1 say the ,scriptures4 ,this ,i have said before1 and again and again ,i repeat it2 ,every hour in the day1 ,i think it1 and feel it1 and say it4 ,since ,rose ,standish died1 my life has been weary and dreary2 ,sick at heart have ,i been1 beyond the healing of friendship4 ,oft in my lonely hours have ,i thought of the maiden ,priscilla1 ,patient1 courageous1 and strong1 and said to myself1 that if ever ,there were angels on earth1 as there are angels in heaven1 ,two have ,i seen and known2 and the angel whose name is ,priscilla ,holds in my desolate life the place which the other abandoned4 ,long have ,i cherished the thought1 but never have dared to reveal it1 ,being a coward in this1 though valiant enough for the most part4 ,go to the damsel ,priscilla1 the loveliest maiden of ,plymouth2 ,say that a blunt old captain1 a man not of words but of actions1 ,offers his hand and his heart1 the hand and heart of a soldier4 ,not in these words1 you know1 but this in short is my meaning2 ,i am a maker of war1 and not a maker of phrases4 ,when he had spoken1 ,john ,alden1 the fair-haired1 vtaciturn stripling1 ,all aghast at his words1 surprised1 embarrassed1 bewildered1 ,trying to mask his dismay by treating the subject with lightness1 ,trying to smile1 and yet feeling his heart stand still in his bosom1 ,thus made answer and spake1 or rather stammered than answered3 ,such a message as that1 ,i am sure ,i should mangle and mar it2 ,if you would have it well done--,i am only repeating your maxim-- ,you must do it yourself1 you must not leave it to others6 ,but with the air of a man whom nothing can turn from his purpose1 ,gravely shaking his head1 made answer the ,captain of ,plymouth3 ,truly the maxim is good1 and ,i do not mean to gainsay it2 ,but we must use it discreetly1 and not waste powder for nothing4 ,now1 as ,i said before1 ,i was never a maker of phrases4 ,i can march up to a fortress and summon the place to surrender1 ,but march up to a woman with such a proposal1 ,i dare not4 ,i'm not afraid of bullets1 nor shot from the mouth of a cannon1 ,but of a thundering ,no6 point-blank from the mouth of a woman1 ,that ,i confess ,i am afraid of1 nor am ,i ashamed to confess it6 ,surely you cannot refuse what ,i ask in the name of our friendship6 ,then made answer ,john ,alden3 ,the name of friendship is sacred2 ,what you demand in that name1 ,i have not the power to deny you6 ,so the strong will prevailed1 subduing and molding the gentler1 ,friendship prevailed over love1 and ,alden went on his errand4 ,,ii ,so the strong will prevailed1 and ,alden went on his errand1 ,out of the street of the village1 and into the paths of the forest1 ,into the tranquil woods1 where bluebirds and robins were building ,towns in the populous trees1 with hanging gardens of vverdure1 ,peaceful1 vaerial cities of joy and affection and freedom4 ,all around him was calm1 but within him commotion and conflict1 ,love contending with friendship1 and self with each generous impulse4 ,so through the ,plymouth woods ,john ,alden went on his errand2 ,saw the new-built house1 and people at work in a meadow2 ,heard1 as he drew near the door1 the musical voice of ,priscilla ,singing the hundredth ,psalm1 the grand old ,puritan anthem1 ,full of the breath of the ,lord1 consoling and comforting many4 ,then1 as he opened the door1 he beheld the form of the maiden ,seated beside her wheel1 and the carded wool like a snow-drift ,piled at her knee1 her white hands feeding the ravenous spindle1 ,while with her foot on the treadle she guided the wheel in its motion4 ,so he entered the house2 and the hum of the wheel and the singing ,suddenly ceased2 for ,priscilla1 aroused by his step on the threshold1 ,rose as he entered1 and gave him her hand1 in signal of welcome1 ,saying1 ,i knew it was you1 when ,i heard your step in the passage2 ,for ,i was thinking of you1 as ,i sat there singing and spinning4 ,awkward and dumb with delight1 that a thought of him had been mingled ,thus in the sacred psalm1 that came from the heart of the maiden1 ,silent before her he stood4 ,i have been thinking all day1 said gently the ,puritan maiden1 ,dreaming all night1 and thinking all day1 of the hedgerows of ,england1-- ,they are in blossom now1 and the country is all like a garden2 ,thinking of lanes and fields1 and the song of the lark and the linnet1 ,seeing the village street1 and familiar faces of neighbors ,going about as of old1 and stopping to gossip together4 ,kind are the people ,i live with1 and dear to me my religion2 ,still my heart is so sad that ,i wish myself back in ,old ,england4 ,you will say it is wrong1 but ,i cannot help it2 ,i almost ,wish myself back in ,old ,england1 ,i feel so lonely and wretched4 ,thereupon answered the youth3 ,indeed ,i do not condemn you2 ,stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter4 ,yours is tender and trusting1 and needs a stronger to lean on2 ,so ,i have come to you now1 with an offer and proffer of marriage ,made by a good man and true1 ,miles ,standish the ,captain of ,plymouth6 ,thus he delivered his message1 the dexterous writer of letters1-- ,did not vembellish the theme1 nor array it in beautiful phrases1 ,but came straight to the point and blurted it out like a schoolboy2 ,even the ,captain himself could hardly have said it more bluntly4 ,mute with amazement and sorrow1 ,priscilla the ,puritan maiden ,looked into ,alden's face1 her eyes dilated with wonder1 ,feeling his words like a blow1 that stunned and rendered her speechless2 ,till at length she exclaimed1 interrupting the ominous silence3 ,if the great ,captain of ,plymouth is so very eager to wed me1 ,why does he not come himself and take trouble to woo me8 ,if ,i am not worth the wooing1 ,i surely am not worth the winning6 ,then ,john ,alden began explaining and smoothing the matter1 ,making it worse as he went1 by saying the ,captain was busy1-- ,had no time for such things2--such things6 the words grating harshly1 ,fell on the ear of ,priscilla2 and swift as a flash she made answer3 ,has he not time for such things1 as you call it1 before he is married1 ,would he be likely to find it1 or make it1 after the wedding8 ,still ,john ,alden went on1 unheeding the words of ,priscilla1 ,urging the suit of his friend1 explaining1 persuading1 expanding4 ,but as he warmed and glowed1 in his simple and eloquent language1 ,quite forgetful of self1 and full of the praise of his rival1 ,archly the maiden smiled1 and with eyes overrunning with laughter1 ,said1 in a tremulous voice1 ,why don't you speak for yourself1 ,john8 ,with conflicting feelings of love for ,priscilla and duty to his friend1 ,miles ,standish1 ,john ,alden does not speak for himself1 but returns to ,plymouth to tell ,standish the result of the interview4 ,then ,john ,alden spake1 and related the wondrous adventure1 ,from beginning to end1 minutely1 just as it happened2 ,how he had seen ,priscilla1 and how he had sped in his courtship1 ,only smoothing a little and softening down her refusal4 ,but when he came at length to the words ,priscilla had spoken1 ,words so tender and cruel3 ,why don't you speak for yourself1 ,john8 ,up leaped the ,captain of ,plymouth1 and stamped on the floor1 till his armor ,clanged on the wall1 where it hung1 with a sound of sinister omen4 ,all his pent-up wrath burst forth in a sudden explosion1 ,e'en as a hand grenade1 that scatters destruction around it4 ,wildly he shouted and loud3 ,john ,alden6 you have betrayed me6 ,me1 ,miles ,standish1 your friend6 have supplanted1 defrauded1 betrayed me6 ,you1 who lived under my roof1 whom ,i cherished and loved as a brother2 ,henceforth let there be nothing between us save war1 and implacable hatred6 ,so spake the ,captain of ,plymouth1 and strode about in the chamber1 ,chafing and choking with rage2 like cords were the veins on his temples4 ,but in the midst of his anger a man appeared at the doorway1 ,bringing in uttermost haste a message of urgent importance1 ,rumors of danger and war and hostile incursions of ,indians6 ,straightway the ,captain paused1 and1 without further question or parley1 ,took from the nail on the wall his sword with its scabbard of iron1 ,buckled the belt round his waist1 and1 frowning fiercely1 departed4 ,alden was left alone4 ,he heard the clank of the scabbard ,growing fainter and fainter1 and dying away in the distance4 ,then he arose from his seat1 and looked forth into the darkness1 ,felt the cool air blow on his cheek1 that was hot with the insult1 ,lifted his eyes to the heavens and1 folding his hands as in childhood1 ,prayed in the silence of night to the ,father who seeth in secret4 ,,iii4 ,a report comes to the settlement that ,miles ,standish has been killed in a fight with the ,indians4 ,john ,alden1 feeling that ,standish's death has freed him from the need of keeping his own love for ,priscilla silent1 woos and wins her4 ,at last the wedding-day arrives4 ,this was the wedding-morn of ,priscilla the ,puritan maiden4 ,friends were assembled together2 the ,elder and ,magistrate also ,graced the scene with their presence1 and stood like the ,law and the ,gospel1 ,one with the sanction of earth and one with the blessing of heaven4 ,simple and brief was the wedding1 as that of ,ruth and of ,boaz4 ,softly the youth and the maiden repeated the words of betrothal1 ,taking each other for husband and wife in the ,magistrate's presence1 ,after the ,puritan way1 and the laudable custom of ,holland4 ,fervently then1 and devoutly1 the excellent ,elder of ,plymouth ,prayed for the hearth and the home1 that were founded that day in affection1 ,speaking of life and death1 and imploring ,divine benedictions4 ,lo6 when the service was ended1 a form appeared on the threshold1 ,clad in armor of steel1 a somber and sorrowful figure6 ,why does the bridegroom start and stare at the strange apparition8 ,why does the bride turn pale1 and hide her face on his shoulder8 ,is it a phantom of air1--a bodiless1 spectral illusion8 ,is it a ghost from the grave1 that has come to forbid the betrothal8 ,long had it stood there unseen1 a guest uninvited1 unwelcomed2 ,over its clouded eyes there had passed at times an expression ,softening the gloom and revealing the warm heart hidden beneath them4 ,once it had lifted its hand1 and moved its lips1 but was silent1 ,as if an iron will had mastered the fleeting intention2 ,but when were ended the troth and the prayer and the last benediction1 ,into the room it strode1 and the people beheld with amazement ,bodily there in his armor ,miles ,standish1 the ,captain of ,plymouth6 ,grasping the bridegroom's hand1 he said with emotion1 ,forgive me6 ,i have been angry and hurt1--too long have ,i cherished the feeling2 ,i have been cruel and hard1 but now1 thank ,god6 it is ended4 ,mine is the same hot blood that leaped in the veins of ,hugh ,standish1 ,sensitive1 swift to resent1 but as swift in atoning for error4 ,never so much as now was ,miles ,standish the friend of ,john ,alden4 ,thereupon answered the bridegroom3 ,let all be forgotten between us1-- ,all save the dear old friendship1 and that shall grow older and dearer6 ,then the ,captain advanced1 and1 bowing1 saluted ,priscilla1 ,wishing her joy of her wedding1 and loudly lauding her husband4 ,then he said with a smile3 ,i should have remembered the adage1-- ,if you would be well served1 you must serve yourself2 and1 moreover1 ,no man can gather cherries in ,kent at the season of ,christmas6 ,great was the people's amazement1 and greater yet their rejoicing1 ,thus to behold once more the sunburnt face of their ,captain1 ,whom they had mourned as dead2 and they gathered and crowded about him1 ,eager to see him and hear him1 forgetful of bride and of bridegroom1 ,questioning1 answering1 laughing1 and each interrupting the other1 ,till the good ,captain declared1 being quite overpowered and bewildered1 ,he had rather by far break into an ,indian encampment1 ,than come again to a wedding to which he had not been invited4 ,meanwhile the bridegroom went forth and stood with the bride at the doorway1 ,breathing the perfumed air of that warm and beautiful morning4 ,touched with autumnal tints1 but lonely and sad in the sunshine1 ,lay extended before them the land of toil and privation2 ,but to their eyes transfigured1 it seemed as the ,garden of ,eden1 ,filled with the presence of ,god1 whose voice was the sound of the ocean4 ,soon was their vision disturbed by the noise and stir of departure1 ,friends coming forth from the house1 and impatient of longer delaying4 ,then from a stall near at hand1 amid exclamations of wonder1 ,alden the thoughtful1 the careful1 so happy1 so proud of ,priscilla1 ,brought out his snow-white bull1 obeying the hand of its master1 ,led by a cord that was tied to an iron ring in its nostrils1 ,covered with crimson cloth1 and a cushion placed for a saddle4 ,she should not walk1 he said1 through the dust and heat of the noonday2 ,nay1 she should ride like a queen1 not plod along like a peasant4 ,somewhat alarmed at first1 but reassured by the others1 ,placing her hand on the cushion1 her foot in the hand of her husband1 ,gayly1 with joyous laugh1 ,priscilla mounted her palfrey4 ,onward the bridal procession now moved to the new habitation1 ,happy husband and wife1 and friends conversing together4 ,down through the golden leaves the sun was pouring his splendors1 ,gleaming on purple grapes1 that1 from branches above them suspended1 ,mingled their odorous breath with the balm of the pine and the fir-tree1 ,wild and sweet as the clusters that grew in the valley of v,eshcol4 ,like a picture it seemed of the primitive1 pastoral ages1 ,fresh with the youth of the world1 and recalling ,rebecca and ,isaac1 ,old and yet ever new1 and simple and beautiful always1 ,love immortal and young in the endless succession of lovers1 ,so through the ,plymouth woods passed onward the bridal procession4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,longfellow4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,miles ,standish was one of the early settlers of ,plymouth colony4 ,he came over soon after the landing of the ,mayflower and was made captain of the colony because of his military experience4 ,the feeble settlement was in danger from the ,indians1 and ,standish's services were of great importance4 ,he was one of the leaders of ,plymouth for a number of years4 ,longfellow shaped the legend of his courtship into one of the most beautiful poems of ,american literature1 vividly describing the hardships and perils of the early life of ,new ,england4 ,i4 ,where is the scene of the story laid8 ,at what time did it begin8 ,what is the first impression you get of ,miles ,standish8 of ,john ,alden8 ,read the lines that bring out the soldierly qualities of the one and the studious nature of the other4 ,what lines show that ,standish had fought on foreign soil8 ,read the lines that show ,john ,alden's interest in ,priscilla4 ,what request did ,standish make of ,alden8 ,how was it received8 ,why did ,alden accept the task8 ,,ii4 ,what time of the year was it8 ,how do you know8 ,contrast ,alden's feelings with the scene around him4 ,what were ,priscilla's feelings toward ,alden8 ,quote lines that show this4 ,how did he fulfill his task8 ,with what question did ,priscilla finally meet his eloquent appeal in behalf of his friend8 ,how did ,standish receive ,alden's report8 ,what interruption occurred8 ,,iii4 ,what report brought about the marriage of ,john ,alden and ,priscilla8 ,read the lines that describe the beauty of their wedding-day4 ,what time of year was it8 ,how do you know8 ,what custom was followed in the marriage ceremony8 ,look in the ,bible for a description of the marriage of ,ruth and ,boaz4 ,find other biblical references in the poem4 ,who appeared at the end of the ceremony8 ,how was he received8 ,contrast his mood now with the mood when he left to fight the ,indians4 ,what adage did he use to show the difference between his age and ,priscilla's8 ,describe the final scene of the wedding--the procession to the new home4 ,tell what you know of early life in ,massachusetts4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,gareth and ,lynette--,alfred ,tennyson4 ,the ,courtin'--,james ,russell ,lowell4 ,evangeline--,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,,the ,,friendship ,,of ,,nantaquas ,this story is taken from ,mary ,johnston's novel1 ,to ,have and to ,hold1 which describes the early settlement of ,virginia4 ,the most important event of this period was the ,indian massacre of #afbb4 ,for some years the whites and ,indians had lived in peace1 and it was believed that there would be no further trouble from the savages4 ,however1 ,opechancanough1 the head chief of the ,powhatan confederacy1 formed a plot against the white men and suddenly attacked them with great fury4 ,hundreds of the ,english settlers were slain4 ,the author of the novel1 taking the bare outline of the massacre as given in the early histories1 has woven around it the graphic story of ,captain ,ralph ,percy and his saving of the colony4 ,percy1 unlike ,miles ,standish1 is not a historical character4 ,i4 ,a man who hath been a soldier and adventurer into far and strange countries must needs have faced ,death many times and in many guises4 ,i had learned to know that grim countenance1 and to have no great fear of it4 ,the surprise of our sudden capture by the ,indians had now worn away1 and ,i no longer struggled to loose my bonds1 ,indian-tied and not to be loosened4 ,another slow hour and ,i bethought me of ,diccon1 my servant and companion in captivity1 and spoke to him1 asking him how he did4 ,he answered from the other side of the lodge that was our prison1 but the words were scarcely out of his mouth before our guard broke in upon us1 commanding silence4 ,it was now moonlight without the lodge and very quiet4 ,the night was far gone2 already we could smell the morning1 and it would come apace4 ,knowing the swiftness of that approach and what the early light would bring1 ,i strove for a courage which should be the steadfastness of the ,christian and not the vainglorious pride of the heathen4 ,suddenly1 in the first gray dawn1 as at a trumpet's call1 the village awoke4 ,from the long communal houses poured forth men1 women1 and children2 fires sprang up1 dispersing the mist1 and a commotion arose through the length and breadth of the place4 ,the women made haste with their cooking and bore maize cakes and broiled fish to the warriors1 who sat on the ground in front of the royal lodge4 ,diccon and ,i were loosed1 brought without1 and allotted our share of the food4 ,we ate sitting side by side with our captors1 and ,diccon1 with a great cut across his head1 even made merry4 ,in the usual order of things in an ,indian village1 the meal over1 tobacco should have followed4 ,but now not a pipe was lit1 and the women made haste to take away the platters and to get all things in readiness for what was to follow4 ,the vwerowance of the v,paspaheghs rose to his feet1 cast aside his mantle1 and began to speak4 ,he was a man in the prime of life1 of a great figure1 strong as a v,susquehannock1 and a savage cruel and crafty beyond measure4 ,over his breast1 stained with strange figures1 hung a chain of small bones1 and the scalp locks of his enemies fringed his moccasins4 ,no player could be more skillful in gesture and expression1 no poet more nice in the choice of words1 no general more quick to raise a wild enthusiasm in the soldiers to whom he called4 ,all ,indians are eloquent1 but this savage was a leader among them4 ,he spoke now to some effect4 ,commencing with a day in the moon of blossoms when for the first time winged canoes brought white men into the v,powhatan1 he came down through year after year to the present hour1 ceased1 and stood in silence1 regarding his triumph4 ,it was complete4 ,in its wild excitement the village was ready then and there to make an end of us1 who had sprung to our feet and stood with our backs against a great bay tree1 facing the maddened throng4 ,much the best would it be for us if the tomahawks left the hands that were drawn back to throw1 if the knives that were flourished in our faces should be buried to the haft in our hearts2 and so we courted death1 striving with word and look to infuriate our executioners to the point of forgetting their former purpose in the passion for instant vengeance4 ,it was not to be4 ,the werowance spoke again1 pointing to the hills which were dimly seen through the mist4 ,a moment1 and the hands clenched upon the weapons fell2 another1 and we were upon the march4 ,as one man1 the village swept through the forest toward the rising ground that was but a few bowshots away4 ,the young men bounded ahead to make the preparation2 but the approved warriors and the old men went more sedately1 and with them walked ,diccon and ,i1 as steady of step as they4 ,the women and children for the most part brought up the rear1 though a few impatient hags ran past us4 ,one of these women bore a great burning torch1 the flame and smoke streaming over her shoulder as she ran4 ,others carried pieces of bark heaped with the vslivers of pine of which every wigwam has store4 ,the sun was yet to rise when we reached a hollow amongst the low red hills4 ,the place was a natural amphitheater1 well fitted for a spectacle4 ,those ,indians who could not crowd into the narrow level spread themselves over the rising ground and looked down with fierce laughter upon the driving of the stakes which the young men had brought4 ,the women and children scattered into the woods beyond the cleft between the hills and returned bearing great armfuls of dry branches4 ,taunting laughter1 cries of savage triumph1 the shaking of rattles1 and the furious beating of two great drums combined to make a clamor deafening me to stupor4 ,above the horizon was the angry reddening of the heavens and the white mist curling up like smoke4 ,i sat down beside ,diccon on the log4 ,i did not speak to him1 nor he to me2 there seemed no need of speech4 ,in the vpandemonium to which the world had narrowed1 the one familiar1 matter-of-course thing was that he and ,i were to die together4 ,the stakes were in the ground and painted red1 the wood was properly fixed4 ,the ,indian woman who held the torch that was to light the pile ran past us1 whirling the wood around her head to make it blaze more fiercely4 ,as she went by she lowered the brand and slowly dragged it across my wrists4 ,the beating of the drums suddenly ceased1 and the loud voices died away4 ,seeing that they were coming for us1 ,diccon and ,i rose to await them4 ,when they were nearly upon us1 ,i turned to him and held out my hand4 ,he made no motion to take it4 ,instead1 he stood with fixed eyes looking past me and slightly upward4 ,a sudden pallor had overspread the bronze of his face4 ,there's a verse somewhere1 he said in a quiet voice1--it's in the ,bible1 ,i think--,i heard it once long ago3 ',i will look unto the hills from whence cometh my help4' ,look1 sir6 ,i turned and followed with my eyes the pointing of his finger4 ,in front of us the bank rose steeply1 bare to the summit1--no trees1 only the red earth1 with here and there a low growth of leafless bushes4 ,behind it was the eastern sky4 ,upon the crest1 against the sunrise1 stood the figure of a man--an ,indian4 ,from one shoulder hung an otterskin1 and a great bow was in his hand4 ,his limbs were bare1 and as he stood motionless1 bathed in the rosy light1 he looked like some bronze god1 perfect from the beaded moccasins to the calm1 uneager face below the feathered head-dress4 ,he had but just risen above the brow of the hill2 the ,indians in the hollow saw him not4 ,while ,diccon and ,i stared1 our tormentors were upon us4 ,they came a dozen or more at once1 and we had no weapons4 ,two hung on my arms1 while a third laid hold of my doublet to rend it from me4 ,an arrow whistled over our heads and stuck into a tree behind us4 ,the hands that clutched me dropped1 and with a yell the busy throng turned their faces in the direction whence had come the arrow4 ,the ,indian who had sent that dart before him was descending the bank4 ,an instant's breathless hush while they stared at the solitary figure2 then the dark forms bent forward for the rush straightened1 and there arose a cry of recognition4 ,the son of ,powhatan6 ,the son of ,powhatan6 ,he came down the hillside to the level of the hollow1 the authority of his look and gesture making way for him through the crowd that surged this way and that1 and walked up to us where we stood1 hemmed round but no longer in the clutch of our enemies4 ,you were never more welcome1 ,nantaquas1 ,i said to him1 heartily4 ,taking my hand in his1 the chief turned to his frowning countrymen4 ,men of the v,pamunkeys6 he cried1 this is ,nantaquas' friend1 and so the friend of all the tribes that called ,powhatan 'father4' ,the fire is not for him nor for his servant2 keep it for the v,monacans and for the dogs of the v,long ,house6 ,the calumet is for the friend of ,nantaquas1 and the dance of the maidens1 the noblest buck and the best of the fish-weirs4 ,there was a surging forward of the ,indians and a fierce murmur of dissent4 ,the werowance1 standing out from the throng1 lifted his voice4 ,there was a time1 he cried1 when ,nantaquas was the panther crouched upon the bough above the leader of the herd2 now ,nantaquas is a tame panther and rolls at the white men's feet6 ,there was a time when the word of the son of ,powhatan weighed more than the lives of many dogs such as these1 but ,i know not why we should put out the fire at his command6 ,he is war chief no longer1 for v,opechancanough will have no tame panther to lead the tribes4 ,opechancanough is our head1 and he kindleth a fire indeed4 ,we will give to this man what fuel we choose1 and to-night ,nantaquas may look for his bones6 ,he ended1 and a great clamor arose4 ,the ,paspaheghs would have cast themselves upon us again but for a sudden action of the young chief1 who had stood motionless1 with raised hand and unmoved face1 during the werowance's bitter speech4 ,now he flung up his hand1 and in it was a bracelet of gold1 carved and twisted like a coiled snake and set with a green stone4 ,i had never seen the toy before1 but evidently others had4 ,the excited voices fell1 and the ,indians1 ,pamunkeys and ,paspaheghs alike1 stood as though turned to stone4 ,nantaquas smiled coldly4 ,this day hath ,opechancanough made me war chief again4 ,we have smoked the peace pipe together--my father's brother and ,i--in the starlight1 sitting before his lodge1 with the wide marshes and the river dark at our feet4 ,singing birds in the forest have been many2 evil tales have they told2 ,opechancanough has stopped his ears against their false singing4 ,my friends are his friends1 my brother is his brother1 my word is his word3 witness the armlet that hath no like4 ,opechancanough is at hand2 he comes through the forest with his two hundred warriors4 ,will you1 when you lie at his feet1 have him ask you1 ',where is the friend of my friend1 of my war chief8' ,there came a long1 deep breath from the ,indians1 then a silence in which they fell back1 slowly and sullenly--whipped hounds but with the will to break that leash of fear4 ,hark6 said ,nantaquas1 smiling4 ,i hear ,opechancanough and his warriors coming over the leaves4 ,the noise of many footsteps was indeed audible1 coming toward the hollow from the woods beyond4 ,with a burst of cries1 the priests and the conjurer whirled away to bear the welcome of ,okee to the royal worshipper1 and at their heels went the chief men of the ,pamunkeys4 ,the werowance of the ,paspaheghs was one that sailed with the wind2 he listened to the deepening sound and glanced at the son of ,powhatan where he stood1 calm and confident1 then smoothed his own countenance and made a most pacific speech1 in which all the blame of the late proceedings was laid upon the singing birds4 ,when he had done speaking1 the young men tore the stakes from the earth and threw them into a thicket1 while the women plucked apart the newly kindled fire and flung the brands into a little nearby stream1 where they went out in a cloud of hissing steam4 ,i turned to the ,indian who had wrought this miracle4 ,art sure it is not a dream1 ,nantaquas8 ,i think that ,opechancanough would not lift a finger to save me from all the deaths the tribes could invent4 ,opechancanough is very wise1 he answered quietly4 ,he says that now the ,english will believe in his love indeed when they see that he holds dear even one who might be called his enemy1 who hath spoken against him at the ,englishmen's council fire4 ,he says that for five suns ,captain ,percy shall feast with him1 and then shall go back free to ,jamestown4 ,he thinks that then ,captain ,percy will not speak against him any more1 calling his love to the white men only words with no good deeds behind4 ,he spoke simply1 out of the nobility of his nature1 believing his own speech4 ,i that was older1 and had more knowledge of men and the masks they wear1 was but half deceived4 ,my belief in the hatred of the dark emperor was not shaken1 and ,i looked yet to find the drop of poison within this honey flower4 ,how poisoned was that bloom1 ,god knows ,i could not guess6 ,by this time we three were alone in the hollow1 for all the savages1 men and women1 had gone forth to meet the ,indian whose word was law from the falls of the far west to the ,chesapeake4 ,the sun now rode above the low hills1 pouring its gold into the hollow and brightening all the world besides4 ,a chant raised by the ,indians grew nearer1 and the rustling of the leaves beneath many feet more loud and deep2 then all noise ceased and ,opechancanough entered the hollow alone4 ,an eagle feather was thrust through his scalp lock2 over his naked breast1 which was neither painted nor pricked into strange figures1 hung a triple row of pearls2 his mantle was woven of bluebird feathers1 as soft and sleek as satin4 ,the face of this barbarian was as dark1 cold1 and impassive as death4 ,behind that changeless mask1 as in a safe retreat1 the subtle devil that was the man might plot destruction and plan the laying of dreadful mines4 ,i stepped forward and met him on the spot where the fire had been4 ,for a minute neither spoke4 ,it was true that ,i had striven against him many a time1 and ,i knew that he knew it4 ,it was also true that without his aid ,nantaquas could not have rescued us from that dire peril4 ,and it was again the truth that an ,indian neither forgives nor forgets4 ,he was my saviour1 and ,i knew that mercy had been shown for some dark reason which ,i could not divine4 ,yet ,i owed him thanks and gave them as shortly and simply as ,i could4 ,he heard me out with neither liking nor disliking nor any other emotion written upon his face2 but when ,i had finished1 as though he had suddenly bethought himself1 he smiled and held out his hand1 white-man fashion4 ,singing birds have lied to ,captain ,percy1 he said4 ,opechancanough thinks that ,captain ,percy will never listen to them again4 ,the chief of the ,powhatans is a lover of the white men1 of the ,english1 and of other white men4 ,he would call the ,englishmen his brothers and be taught of them how to rule and to whom to pray-- ,let ,opechancanough go with me to ,jamestown1 ,i replied4 ,he hath the wisdom of the woods2 let him come and gain that of the town4 ,the emperor smiled again4 ,i will come to ,jamestown soon1 but not to-day or to-morrow or the next day4 ,and ,captain ,percy must smoke the peace pipe in my lodge above the ,pamunkey and watch my young men and maidens dance1 and eat with me five days4 ,then he may go back to ,jamestown with presents for the great white father there and with a message from me that ,i am coming soon to learn of the white man4 ,for five days ,i tarried in the great chief's lodge in his own village above the marshes of the ,pamunkey4 ,i will allow that the dark emperor to whom we were so much beholden gave us courteous keeping4 ,the best of the hunt was ours1 the noblest fish1 the most delicate roots4 ,we were alive and sound of limb1 well treated and with the promise of release2 we might have waited1 seeing that wait we must1 in some measure of content4 ,we did not so4 ,there was a horror in the air4 ,from the marshes that were growing green1 from the sluggish river1 from the rotting leaves and cold black earth and naked forest1 it rose like an vexhalation4 ,we knew not what it was1 but we breathed it in1 and it went to the marrow of our bones4 ,the savage emperor we rarely saw1 though we were bestowed so near to him that his sentinels served for ours4 ,like some god1 he kept within his lodge1 the hanging mats between him and the world without4 ,at other times1 issuing from that retirement1 he would stride away into the forest4 ,picked men went with him1 and they were gone for hours2 but when they returned they bore no trophies1 brute or human4 ,what they did we could not guess4 ,if escape had been possible1 we would not have awaited the doubtful fulfillment of the promise made us4 ,but the vigilance of the ,indians never slept2 they watched us like hawks1 night and day4 ,in the early morning of the fifth day1 when we came from our wigwam1 it was to find ,nantaquas sitting by the fire1 magnificent in the paint and trappings of the ambassador1 motionless as a piece of bronze and apparently quite unmindful of the admiring glances of the women who knelt about the fire preparing our breakfast4 ,when he saw us he rose and came to meet us1 and ,i embraced him1 ,i was so glad to see him4 ,the ,rappahannocks feasted me long1 he said4 ,i was afraid that ,captain ,percy would be gone to ,jamestown before ,i was back on the ,pamunkey4 ,shall ,i ever see ,jamestown again1 ,nantaquas8 ,i demanded4 ,i have my doubts4 ,he looked me full in the eyes1 and there was no doubting the candor of his own4 ,you go with the next sunrise1 he answered4 ,opechancanough has given me his word4 ,i am glad to hear it1 ,i said4 ,why have we been kept at all8 ,why did he not free us five days agone8 ,he shook his head4 ,i do not know4 ,opechancanough has many thoughts which he shares with no man4 ,but now he will send you with presents for the governor1 and with messages of his love for the white men4 ,there will be a great feast to-day1 and to-night the young men and maidens will dance before you4 ,then in the morning you will go4 ,when we had sat by the fire for an hour1 the old men and the warriors came to visit us1 and the smoking began4 ,the women laid mats in a great half circle1 and each savage took his seat with perfect breeding3 that is1 in absolute silence and with a face like a stone4 ,the peace paint was upon them all--red1 or red and white--and they sat and looked at the ground until ,i had made the speech of welcome4 ,soon the air was dense with fragrant smoke2 in the thick blue haze the sweep of painted figures had the seeming of some fantastic dream4 ,an old man arose and made a long and touching speech1 with much reference to calumets and buried hatchets4 ,then they waited for my contribution of honeyed words4 ,the ,pamunkeys1 living at a distance from the settlements1 had but little ,english1 and the learning of the ,paspaheghs was not much greater4 ,i repeated to them the better part of a canto of ,master ,spenser's ,faery ,queen1 after which ,i told them the moving story of the ,moor of ,venice4 ,it answered the purpose to admiration4 ,the day wore on1 with relay after relay of food1 which we must taste at least1 with endless smoking of pipes and speeches which must be listened to and answered4 ,when evening came and our entertainers drew off to prepare for the dance1 they left us as wearied as by a long day's march4 ,suddenly1 as we sat staring at the fire1 we were beset by a band of maidens1 coming out of the woods1 painted1 with antlers upon their heads and pine branches in their hands4 ,they danced about us1 now advancing until the green needles met above our heads1 now retreating until there was a space of turf between us4 ,they moved with grace1 keeping time to a plaintive song1 now raised by the whole choir1 now fallen to a single voice4 ,the ,indian girls danced more and more swiftly1 and their song changed1 becoming gay and shrill and sweet4 ,higher and higher rang the notes1 faster and faster moved the dark feet2 then quite suddenly song and motion ceased together4 ,from the darkness now came a burst of savage cries only less appalling than the war whoop itself4 ,in a moment the men of the village had rushed from the shadow of the trees into the broad1 firelit space before us4 ,they circled around us1 then around the fire2 now each man danced and stamped and muttered to himself4 ,for the most part they were painted red1 but some were white from head to heel--statues come to life--while others had first oiled their bodies1 then plastered them over with small1 bright-colored feathers4 ,diccon and ,i watched that uncouth spectacle1 that ,virginian vmasque1 as we had watched many another one1 with disgust and weariness4 ,it would last1 we knew1 for the better part of the night4 ,for a time we must stay and testify our pleasure1 but after a while we might retire1 and leave the women and children the sole spectators4 ,they never wearied of gazing at the rhythmic movement4 ,i observed that among the ranks of the women one girl watched not the dancers but us4 ,now and then she glanced impatiently at the wheeling figures1 but her eyes always returned to us4 ,at length ,i became aware that she must have some message to deliver or warning to give4 ,once when ,i made a slight motion as if to go to her1 she shook her head and laid her finger on her lips4 ,presently ,i rose and1 making my way to the werowance of the village1 where he sat with his eyes fixed on the spectacle1 told him that ,i was wearied and would go to my hut1 to rest for the few hours that yet remained of the night4 ,he listened dreamily1 but made no offer to escort me4 ,after a moment he acquiesced in my departure1 and ,diccon and ,i quietly left the press of savages and began to cross the firelit turf between them and our lodge4 ,when we had reached its entrance1 we paused and looked back to the throng we had left4 ,every back seemed turned to us1 every eye intent upon the leaping figures4 ,swiftly and silently we walked across the bit of even ground to the friendly trees and found ourselves in a thin strip of shadow4 ,beneath the trees1 waiting for us1 was the ,indian maid4 ,she would not speak or tarry1 but flitted before us as dusk and noiseless as a moth1 and we followed her into the darkness beyond the firelight4 ,here a wigwam rose in our path2 the girl1 holding aside the mats that covered the entrance1 motioned to us to enter4 ,a fire was burning within the lodge and it showed us ,nantaquas standing with folded arms4 ,nantaquas6 ,i exclaimed1 and would have touched him but that with a slight motion of his hand he kept me back4 ,well6 ,i asked at last4 ,what is the matter1 my friend8 ,for a full minute he made no answer1 and when he did speak his voice matched his strained and troubled features4 ,my friend1 he said1 ,i am going to show myself a friend indeed to the ,english1 to the strangers who were not content with their own hunting-grounds beyond the great salt water4 ,when ,i have done this1 ,i do not know that ,captain ,percy will call me 'friend'4 ,you were wont to speak plainly1 ,nantaquas1 ,i answered him4 ,i am not fond of riddles4 ,again he waited1 as though he found speech difficult4 ,i stared at him in amazement1 he was so changed in so short a time4 ,he spoke at last3 ,when the dance is over and the fires are low and the sunrise is at hand1 ,opechancanough will come to you to bid you farewell4 ,he will give you the pearls he wears about his neck for a present to the governor and a bracelet for yourself4 ,also he will give you three men for a guard through the forest4 ,he has messages of love to send the white men1 and he would send them by you who were his enemy and his captive4 ,so all the white men shall believe in his love4 ,well6 ,i said drily as he paused4 ,i will bear the messages4 ,what next8 ,your guards will take you slowly through the forest1 stopping to eat and sleep4 ,for them there is no need to run like the stag with the hunter behind it4 ,then we should make for ,jamestown as for life1 ,i said1 not sleeping or eating or making pause8 ,yes1 he replied1 if you would not die1 you and all your people4 ,in the silence of the hut the fire crackled1 and the branches of the trees outside1 bent by the wind1 made a grating sound against the bark roof4 ,how die8 ,i asked at last4 ,speak out6 ,die by the arrow and the tomahawk1 he answered1--yea1 and by the guns you have given the red men4 ,to-morrow's sun1 and the next1 and the next--three suns--and the tribes will fall upon the ,english4 ,at the same hour1 when the men are in the fields and the women and children are in the houses1 they will strike--all the tribes1 as one man2 and from where the ,powhatan falls over the rocks to the salt water beyond ,accomac1 there will not be one white man left alive4 ,he ceased to speak1 and for a minute the fire made the only sound in the hut4 ,then ,i asked1 ,all die8 ,there are three thousand ,englishmen in ,virginia4 ,they are scattered and unwarned4 ,the fighting men of the villages of the ,powhatan and the ,pamunkey and the great bay are many1 and they have sharpened their hatchets and filled their quivers with arrows4 ,scattered6 ,i cried4 ,strewn broadcast up and down the river--here a lonely house1 there a cluster of two or three--the men in the fields or at the wharves1 the women and children busy within doors1 all unwarned6 ,i leaned against the side of the hut1 for my heart beat like a frightened woman's4 ,three days6 ,i exclaimed4 ,if we go with all our speed1 we shall be in time4 ,when did you learn this thing8 ,while you watched the dance1 the ,indian answered1 ,opechancanough and ,i sat within his lodge in the darkness4 ,his heart was moved1 and he talked to me of his own youth in a strange country1 south of the sunset4 ,also he spoke to me of ,powhatan1 my father--of how wise he was and how great a chief before the ,english came1 and how he hated them4 ,and then--then ,i heard what ,i have told you6 ,how long has this been planned8 ,for many moons4 ,i have been a child1 fooled and turned aside from the trail2 not wise enough to see it beneath the flowers1 through the smoke of the peace pipes4 ,why does ,opechancanough send us back to the settlements8 ,i demanded4 ,it is his fancy4 ,every hunter and trader and learner of our tongues1 living in the villages or straying in the woods1 has been sent back to ,jamestown or his home with presents and fair words4 ,you will lull the ,english in ,jamestown into a faith in the smiling sky just before the storm bursts on them in fullest fury4 ,there was a pause4 ,nantaquas1 ,i said1 you are not the first child of ,powhatan who has loved and shielded the white men4 ,pocahontas was a woman1 a child1 he answered4 ,out of pity she saved your lives1 not knowing that it was to the hurt of her people4 ,then you were few and weak and could not take your revenge4 ,now1 if you die not1 you will drink deep of vengeance--so deep that your lips may never leave the cup4 ,more ships will come1 and more2 you will grow ever stronger4 ,there may come a moon when the deep forests and the shining rivers will know us1 to whom v,kiwassa gave them1 no more4 ,you will be with your people in the war8 ,i asked4 ,i am an ,indian1 was his simple reply4 ,come against us if you will1 ,i returned4 ,nobly warned1 fair upon our guard1 we will meet you as knightly foe should be met4 ,very slowly he raised his arm from his side and held out his hand4 ,his eyes met mine in somber inquiry1 half eager1 half proudly doubtful4 ,i went to him at once and took his hand in mine4 ,no word was spoken4 ,presently he withdrew his hand from my clasp1 and1 putting his finger to his lips1 whistled low to the ,indian girl4 ,she drew aside the mats1 and we passed out1 ,diccon and ,i1 leaving him standing as we had found him1 upright against the post1 in the red firelight4 ,should we ever go through the woods1 pass through that gathering storm1 reach ,jamestown1 warn them there of the death that was rushing upon them8 ,should we ever leave that hated village8 ,would the morning ever come8 ,it was an alarm that was sounding1 and there were only two to hear2 miles away beneath the mute stars ,english men and women lay asleep1 with the hour thundering at their gates1 and there was none to cry1 ,awake6 ,i could have cried out in that agony of waiting1 with the leagues on leagues to be traveled and the time so short6 ,i saw1 in my mind's eye1 the dark warriors gathering1 tribe on tribe1 war party on war party1 thick crowding shadows of death1 slipping through the silent forest 444 and in the clearings the women and children6 ,it came to an end1 as all things earthly will4 ,when the ruffled pools amid the marshes were rosy red beneath the sunrise1 the women brought us food1 and the warriors and old men gathered about us4 ,i offered them bread and meat and told them that they must come to ,jamestown to taste the white man's cookery4 ,scarcely was the meal over when ,opechancanough issued from his lodge1 and1 coming slowly up to us1 took his seat upon the white mat that was spread for him4 ,through his scalp lock was stuck an eagle's feather2 across his face1 from temple to chin1 was a bar of red paint2 the eyes above were very bright and watchful4 ,one of his young men brought a great pipe1 carved and painted1 stem and bowl2 it was filled with tobacco1 lit1 and borne to the emperor4 ,he put it to his lips and smoked in silence1 while the sun climbed higher and higher and the golden minutes that were more precious than heart's blood went by swiftly4 ,at last1 his part in the solemn mockery played1 he held out the pipe to me4 ,the sky will fall1 and the rivers will run dry1 and the birds cease to sing1 he said1 before the smoke of this peace-pipe fades from the land4 ,i took the symbol of peace and smoked it as silently and soberly as he had done before me1 then laid it leisurely aside and held out my hand4 ,come to ,jamestown1 ,i said1 to smoke of the ,englishman's pipe and receive rich presents--a red robe like your brother ,powhatan1 and a cup from which you shall drink1 you and all your people4 ,but the cup ,i meant was that of punishment4 ,the savage laid his dark fingers in mine for an instant1 withdrew them1 and1 rising to his feet1 motioned to three ,indians who stood out from the throng of warriors4 ,these are ,captain ,percy's guides and friends1 he announced4 ,the sun is high2 it is time that he was gone4 ,here are presents for him and my brother the governor4 ,as he spoke1 he took from his neck the rope of pearls and from his arm a copper bracelet1 and laid both upon my palm4 ,thank you1 ,opechancanough1 ,i said briefly4 ,when we meet again ,i will not greet you with empty thanks4 ,we bade farewell to the noisy throng and went down to the river1 where we found a canoe and rowers1 crossed the stream1 and entered the forest1 which stretched black and forbidding before us--the blacker that we now knew the dreadful secret it guarded4 ,,ii ,after leaving the ,indian village1 ,captain ,percy and ,diccon found that their guides purposely delayed the march1 so that they would not reach ,jamestown until just before the beginning of the attack1 when it would be too late for them to warn the ,english1 if they suspected anything4 ,percy and ,diccon1 in this dilemma1 surprised the ,indian guides and killed them1 then hurried on with all possible speed toward ,jamestown4 ,as they hastened through the forest1 ,diccon was shot by an ,indian and mortally wounded2 ,captain ,percy remained with him until his death1 and again took up the journey1 now alone and greatly fearing that he would arrive too late4 ,the dusk had quite fallen when ,i reached the neck of land4 ,arriving at the palisade that protected ,jamestown1 ,i beat upon the gate and called to the warden to open4 ,he did so with starting eyes4 ,giving him a few words and cautioning him to raise no alarm in the town1 ,i hurried by him into the street and down it toward the house that was set aside for the governor of ,virginia1 ,sir ,francis ,wyatt4 ,the governor's door was open1 and in the hall servingmen were moving to and fro4 ,when ,i came in upon them1 they cried out as if it had been a ghost1 and one fellow let a silver dish fall to the floor with a clatter4 ,they shook with fright and stood back as ,i passed them without a word and went on to the governor's great room4 ,the door was ajar1 and ,i pushed it open and stood for a minute on the threshold4 ,they were all there--the principal men of the colony1 the governor1 the vtreasurer1 v,west1 v,john ,rolfe4 ,at sight of me the governor sprang to his feet2 through the treasurer's lips came a long1 sighing breath2 ,west's dark face was ashen4 ,i came forward to the table1 and leaned my weight upon it2 for all the waves of the sea were roaring in my ears and the lights were going up and down4 ,are you man or spirit6 cried ,rolfe through white lips4 ,are you ,ralph ,percy8 ,yes1 ,i said1 ,i am ,percy4 ,with an effort ,i drew myself erect1 and standing so1 told my tidings1 quietly and with circumstance1 so as to leave no room for doubt as to their verity1 or as to the sanity of him who brought them4 ,they listened with shaking limbs and gasping breath2 for it was the fall and wiping out of a people of which ,i brought warning4 ,when all was told ,i thought to ask a question myself2 but before my tongue could frame it1 the roaring of the sea became so loud that ,i could hear naught else1 and the lights all ran together into a wheel of fire4 ,then in a moment all sounds ceased and to the lights succeeded the blackness of outer darkness4 ,when ,i awoke from the sleep into which ,i must have passed from that swoon1 it was to find myself lying in a room flooded with sunshine4 ,for a moment ,i lay still1 wondering where ,i was and how ,i came there4 ,a drum beat1 a dog barked1 and a man's quick voice gave a command4 ,the sounds stung me into remembrance4 ,there were many people in the street4 ,women hurried by to the fort with white1 scared faces1 their arms filled with household gear2 children ran beside them2 men went to and fro1 the most grimly silent1 but a few talking loudly4 ,i could not see the palisade across the neck1 but ,i knew that it was there that the fight--if fight there were--would be made4 ,should the ,indians take the palisade1 there would yet be the houses of the town1 and1 last of all1 the fort in which to make a stand4 ,i believed not that they would take it1 for ,indian warfare ran more to ambuscade and surprise than to assault in the open field4 ,the drum beat again1 and a messenger from the palisade came down the street at a run4 ,they're in the woods over against us1 thicker than ants6 he cried to ,west1 who was coming along the way4 ,a boat has just drifted ashore1 with two men in it1 dead and scalped6 ,i looked again at the neck of land and the forest beyond1 and now1 as if by magic1 from the forest and up and down the river as far as the eye could reach1 rose here and there thin columns of smoke4 ,suddenly1 as ,i stared1 three or four white smoke puffs1 like giant flowers1 started out of the shadowy woods across the neck4 ,following the crack of the muskets--fired out of pure bravado by the ,indians--came the yelling of the savages4 ,the sound was prolonged and deep1 as though issuing from many throats4 ,the street1 when ,i went out into it1 was very quiet4 ,all windows and doors were closed and barred4 ,the yelling from the forest had ceased for the moment1 but ,i knew well that it would soon begin with doubled noise4 ,i hurried along the street to the palisade1 where all the men of ,jamestown were gathered1 armed and helmeted and breast-plated1 waiting for the foe in grim silence4 ,through a loophole in the gate of the palisade ,i looked and saw the sandy neck joining the town to the mainland1 and the deep and dark woods beyond1 the fairy mantle giving invisibility to the foe4 ,i drew back from my loophole and held out my hand to a woman for a loaded musket4 ,a quick murmur like the drawing of a breath came from our line4 ,the governor1 standing near me1 cast an anxious glance along the stretch of wooden stakes that were neither so high nor so thick as they should have been4 ,i am new to this warfare1 ,captain ,percy1 he said4 ,do they think to use those logs they carry as battering rams8 ,as scaling ladders1 your honor1 ,i replied4 ,it is possible that we may have some sword play after all4 ,we'll take your advice the next time we build a palisade1 ,ralph ,percy1 muttered ,west on my other side4 ,mounting the breastwork that we had thrown up to shelter the women who were to load the muskets1 he coolly looked over the pales at the oncoming savages4 ,wait until they pass the blasted pine1 men6 he cried4 ,then give them a hail of lead that will beat them back to the ,pamunkey4 ,an arrow whistled by his ear2 a second struck him on the shoulder but pierced not his coat of mail4 ,he came down from his dangerous post with a laugh4 ,if the leader could be picked off--,i said4 ,it's a long shot1 but there's no harm in trying4 ,as ,i spoke ,i raised my gun to my shoulder1 but ,west leaned across ,rolfe1 who stood between us1 and plucked me by the sleeve4 ,you've not looked at him closely1 he said4 ,look again4 ,i did as he told me1 and lowered my musket4 ,it was not for me to send that ,indian leader to his account4 ,rolfe's lips tightened and a sudden pallor overspread his face4 ,nantaquas8 he muttered in my ear1 and ,i nodded yes4 ,the volley that we fired full into the ranks of our foe was deadly1 and we looked to see them turn and flee1 as they had fled so often before at a hot volley4 ,but this time they were led by one who had been trained in ,english steadfastness4 ,broken for the moment by our fire1 they rallied and came on yelling1 bearing logs1 thick branches of trees1 oars tied together--anything by whose help they could hope to surmount the palisade4 ,we fired again1 but they had planted their ladders4 ,before we could snatch the loaded muskets from the women a dozen painted figures appeared above the sharpened stakes4 ,a moment1 and they and a score behind them had leaped down upon us4 ,it was no time now to skulk behind a palisade4 ,at all hazards1 that tide from the forest must be stemmed4 ,those that were among us we might kill1 but more were swarming after them1 and from the neck came the exultant yelling of madly hurrying reinforcements4 ,we flung open the gates4 ,i drove my sword through the heart of an ,indian who would have opposed me1 and1 calling for my men to follow1 sprang forward4 ,perhaps thirty came at my call2 together we made for the opening4 ,a party of the savages in our midst interposed4 ,we set upon them with sword and musket butt1 and though they fought like very devils drove them before us through the gateway4 ,behind us were wild clamor1 the shrieking of women1 the stern shouts of the ,english1 the whooping of the savages2 before us a rush that must be met and turned4 ,it was done4 ,a moment's fierce fighting1 then the ,indians wavered1 broke1 and fled4 ,like sheep we drove them before us1 across the neck1 to the edge of the forest1 into which they plunged4 ,into that ambush we cared not to follow1 but fell back to the palisade and the town1 believing1 and with reason1 that the lesson had been taught4 ,the strip of sand was strewn with the dead and the dying1 but they belonged not to us4 ,our dead numbered but three1 and we bore their bodies with us4 ,within the palisade we found the ,english in sufficiently good case4 ,of the score or more ,indians cut off by us from their mates and penned within that death trap1 half at least were already dead1 run through with sword and pike1 shot down with the muskets that there was now time to load4 ,the remainder1 hemmed about1 pressed against the wall1 were fast meeting with a like fate4 ,they stood no chance against us2 we cared not to make prisoners of them2 it was a slaughter1 but they had taken the vinitiative4 ,they fought with the courage of despair1 striving to spring in upon us1 and striking when they could with hatchet and knife4 ,they were brave men that we slew that day4 ,at last there was left but the leader--unharmed1 unwounded1 though time and again he had striven to close with some one of us1 to strike and to die striking with his fellows4 ,behind him was the wall2 of the half circle which he faced1 well-nigh all were old soldiers and servants of the colony4 ,we were swordsmen all4 ,when in his desperation he would have thrown himself upon us1 we contented ourselves with keeping him at sword's length1 and at last ,west sent the knife in the dark hand whirling over the palisade4 ,some one had shouted to the musketeers to spare him4 ,when he saw that he stood alone1 he stepped back against the wall1 drew himself up to his full height1 and folded his arms4 ,perhaps he thought that we would shoot him down then and there2 perhaps he saw himself a captive amongst us1 a show for the idle and for the strangers that the ships brought in4 ,the din had ceased1 and we the living1 the victors1 stood and looked at the vanquished dead at our feet1 and at the dead beyond the gates1 and at the neck upon which was no living foe1 and at the blue sky bending over all4 ,our hearts told us1 and truly1 that the lesson had been taught1 and that no more forever need we at ,jamestown fear an ,indian attack4 ,and then we looked at him whose life we had spared4 ,he opposed our gaze with his folded arms and his head held high and his back against the wall4 ,slowly1 as one man and with no spoken word1 we fell back1 the half circle straightening into a line1 and leaving a clear pathway to the open gates4 ,the wind had ceased to blow1 and a sunny stillness lay upon the sand and the rough-hewn wooden stakes and a little patch of tender grass4 ,the church bell began to ring4 ,the ,indian out of whose path to life and freedom we had stepped glanced from the line of lowered steel to the open gates and the forest beyond1 and understood4 ,for a full minute he waited1 not moving a muscle1 still and stately as some noble masterpiece in bronze4 ,then he stepped from the shadow of the wall and moved past us1 with his eyes fixed on the forest2 there was no change in the superb calm of his face4 ,he went by the huddled dead and the long line of the living that spoke no word1 and out of the gates and across the neck1 walking slowly1 that we might yet shoot him down if we saw fit to repent ourselves4 ,he reached the shadow of the trees3 a moment1 and the forest had back her own4 ,we sheathed our swords and listened to the governor's few earnest words of thankfulness and recognition2 and then we set to work to search for ways to reach and aid those who might be yet alive in the plantations above and below us4 ,presently there came a great noise from the watchers on the river-bank1 and a cry that boats were coming down the stream4 ,it was so1 and there were in them white men1 nearly all of whom had wounds to show1 and cowering women and children--all that were left of the people for miles along the ,james4 ,then began that strange procession that lasted throughout the afternoon and night and into the next day1 when a sloop dropped down from v,henricus with the news that the ,english were in force there to stand their ground1 although their loss had been heavy4 ,hour after hour they came as fast as sail and oar could bring them1 the panic-stricken folk1 whose homes were burned1 whose kindred were slain1 who had themselves escaped as by a miracle4 ,each boatload had the same tale to tell of treachery1 surprise1 and fiendish butchery4 ,before the dawning we had heard from all save the remoter settlements4 ,the blow had been struck and the hurt was deep4 ,but it was not beyond remedy1 thank ,god6 ,we took stern measures for our protection1 and the wound to the colony was soon healed2 vengeance was meted out to those who had set upon us in the dark and had failed to reach the heart4 ,the colony of ,virginia had passed through its greatest trial and had survived--for what greater ends1 under ,providence1 ,i knew not4 ,,mary ,,johnston4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,i4 ,describe the situation in which ,percy and ,diccon found themselves4 ,what preparations did the ,indians make for the death of the two men8 ,how were they interrupted8 ,tell what happened after the appearance of ,nantaquas8 ,how were the five days spent8 ,how did ,nantaquas come to the rescue of the white men a second time8 ,what did ,opechancanough do to try to deepen the impression of friendship8 ,,ii4 ,what happened on the way to ,jamestown8 ,describe the scene when ,percy entered the governor's house4 ,give an account of the fight at the palisade4 ,why was ,nantaquas spared8 ,what was the result of the ,indian attack8 ,give your opinion of ,nantaquas4 ,of what ,indian in ,the ,last of the ,mohicans does he remind you8 ,of whom does ,opechancanough remind you8 ,find out all you can of life in ,virginia at the time this story was written4 ,compare the life there with the life in ,plymouth colony4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,prisoners of ,hope--,mary ,johnston4 ,my ,lady ,pokahontas--,john ,esten ,cooke4 ,the ,wept of ,wish-ton-wish--,j4 ,fenimore ,cooper4 ,hiawatha--,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,old ,virginia and ,her ,neighbors--,john ,fiske4 ,,harry ,,esmond',s ,,boyhood ,henry ,esmond1 by ,william ,makepeace ,thackeray1 is considered one of the greatest1 if not the greatest1 of historical novels4 ,it describes life in ,england during the first years of the eighteenth century1 dealing chiefly with people of wealth and high position4 ,harry ,esmond's ,boyhood narrates the early career of the hero1 who was a poor orphan and an inmate of the family of his kinsman1 the ,viscount of ,castlewood4 ,harry ,esmond had lived to be past fourteen years old2 had never possessed but two friends1 and had a fond and affectionate heart that would fain attach itself to somebody1 and did not seem at rest until it had found a friend who would take charge of it4 ,at last he found such a friend in his new mistress1 the lady of ,castlewood4 ,the instinct which led ,harry ,esmond to admire and love the gracious person1 the fair apparition whose beauty and kindness had so moved him when he first beheld her1 became soon a devoted affection and passion of gratitude1 which entirely filled his young heart that as yet had had very little kindness for which to be thankful4 ,there seemed1 as the boy thought1 in every look or gesture of this fair creature1 an angelical softness and bright pity--in motion or repose she seemed gracious alike2 the tone of her voice1 though she uttered words ever so trivial1 gave him a pleasure that amounted almost to anguish4 ,it cannot be called love1 that a lad of fourteen years of age felt for an exalted lady1 his mistress1 but it was worship4 ,to catch her glance2 to divine her errand1 and run on it before she had spoken it2 to watch1 follow1 adore her1 became the business of his life4 ,meanwhile1 as is the way often1 his idol had idols of her own1 and never thought of or suspected the admiration of her little adorer4 ,my ,lady had on her side three idols3 first and foremost1 v,jove and supreme ruler1 was her lord1 ,harry's patron1 the good v,viscount of ,castlewood4 ,all wishes of his were laws with her4 ,if he had a headache1 she was ill4 ,if he frowned1 she trembled4 ,if he joked1 she smiled and was charmed4 ,if he went a-hunting1 she was always at the window to see him ride away4 ,she made dishes for his dinner2 spiced his wine for him2 hushed the house when he slept in his chair1 and watched for a look when he woke4 ,her eyes were never tired of looking at his face and wondering at its perfection4 ,her little son was his son1 and had his father's look and curly brown hair4 ,her daughter ,beatrix was his daughter1 and had his eyes--were there ever such beautiful eyes in the world8 ,all the house was arranged so as to bring him ease and give him pleasure4 ,harry ,esmond was happy in this pleasant home4 ,the happiest period of all his life was this2 and the young mother1 with her daughter and son1 and the orphan lad whom she protected1 read and worked and played1 and were children together4 ,if the lady looked forward--as what fond woman does not8--toward the future1 she had no plans from which ,harry ,esmond was left out2 and a thousand and a thousand times1 in his passionate and impetuous way1 he vowed that no power should separate him from his mistress2 and only asked for some chance to happen by which he might show his vfidelity to her4 ,the second fight which ,harry ,esmond had was at fourteen years of age1 with ,bryan ,hawkshaw1 ,sir ,john ,hawkshaw's son1 who1 advancing the opinion that ,lady ,castlewood henpecked my ,lord1 put ,harry in so great a fury that ,harry fell on him and with such rage that the other boy1 who was two years older and far bigger than he1 had by far the worst of the assault4 ,it was interrupted by ,doctor ,tusher1 the clergyman1 who was just walking out of the dinner-room4 ,bryan ,hawkshaw got up bleeding at the nose1 having indeed been surprised1 as many a stronger man might have been1 by the fury of the attack on him4 ,you little beggar1 he said1 ,i'll murder you for this4 ,and indeed he was big enough4 ,beggar or not1 said ,harry1 grinding his teeth1 ,i have a couple of swords1 and if you like to meet me1 as man to man1 on the terrace to-night-- ,and here1 the doctor coming up1 the vcolloquy of the young champions ended4 ,very likely1 big as he was1 ,hawkshaw did not care to continue a fight with such a ferocious opponent as this had been4 ,one day1 some time later1 ,doctor ,tusher ran into ,castlewood ,house1 with a face of consternation1 saying that smallpox had made its appearance at the blacksmith's house in the village1 which was also an alehouse1 and that one of the maids there was down with it4 ,now1 there was a pretty girl at this inn1 called ,nancy ,sievewright1 a bouncing1 fresh-looking lass1 whose face was as red as the hollyhocks over the pales of the garden behind the inn4 ,somehow it often happened that ,harry ,esmond fell in with ,nance ,sievewright's bonny face4 ,when ,doctor ,tusher brought the news that the smallpox was at the blacksmith's1 ,harry ,esmond's first thought was of alarm for poor ,nancy1 and then of shame and disquiet for the ,castlewood family1 lest he might have brought this infection2 for the truth is that ,mr4 ,harry had been sitting in a back room for an hour that day1 where ,nancy ,sievewright was with a little brother who complained of headache1 and was lying crying in a chair by the corner of the fire or in ,nancy's lap4 ,little ,beatrix screamed at the news2 and my ,lord cried out1 ,god bless me6 ,he was a brave man1 and not afraid of death in any shape but this4 ,we will take the children and ride away to ,walcote1 he said4 ,to love children and be gentle with them was an instinct rather than merit in ,harry ,esmond2 so much so that he thought almost with a feeling of shame of his liking for them and of the softness into which it betrayed him4 ,on this day the poor fellow had not only had his young friend1 the milkmaid's brother1 on his knee1 but had been drawing pictures and telling stories to the little ,frank ,castlewood1 who was never tired of ,harry's tales and of his pictures of soldiers and horses4 ,as luck would have it1 ,beatrix had not on that evening taken her usual place1 which generally she was glad enough to have1 on ,harry's knee4 ,for ,beatrix1 from the earliest time1 was jealous of every caress which was given her little brother ,frank4 ,she would fling away even from the vmaternal arms1 if she saw ,frank had been there before her2 insomuch that ,lady ,esmond was obliged not to show her love for her son in presence of the little girl1 and embrace one or the other alone4 ,beatrix would turn pale and red with rage if she caught signs of intelligence or affection between ,frank and his mother2 would sit apart and not speak for a whole night if she thought the boy had a better fruit or a larger cake than hers2 would fling away a ribbon if he had one1 and would utter vinfantile sarcasms about the favor shown her brother4 ,so it chanced upon this very day1 when poor ,harry ,esmond had had the blacksmith's son and the vpeer's son1 alike upon his knee1 little ,beatrix1 who would come to him willingly enough with her book and writing1 had refused him1 seeing the place occupied by her brother4 ,luckily for her1 she had sat at the farther end of the room1 away from him1 playing with a spaniel dog which she had1 and talking to ,harry ,esmond over her shoulder1 as she pretended to caress the dog1 saying that ,fido would love her1 and she would love ,fido and nothing but ,fido all her life4 ,when1 then1 the news was brought that the little boy at the blacksmith's was ill with the smallpox1 poor ,harry ,esmond felt a shock of alarm1 not so much for himself as for his mistress's son1 whom he might have brought into peril4 ,beatrix1 who had pouted sufficiently1 her little brother being now gone to bed1 was for taking her place on ,esmond's knee4 ,but as she advanced toward him1 he started back and placed the great chair on which he was sitting between him and her--saying in the ,french language to ,lady ,castlewood1 ,madam1 the child must not approach me4 ,i must tell you that ,i was at the blacksmith's to-day and had his little boy on my lap4 ,where you took my son afterward1 ,lady ,castlewood said1 very angry and turning red4 ,i thank you1 sir1 for giving him such company4 ,beatrix1 she said in ,english1 ,i forbid you to touch ,harry ,esmond4 ,come away1 child2 come to your room4 ,and you1 sir1 had you not better go back to the alehouse8 ,her eyes1 ordinarily so kind1 darted flashes of anger as she spoke2 and she tossed up her head 7which hung down commonly7 with the vmien of a princess4 ,heyday6 said my ,lord1 who was standing by the fireplace1 ,rachel1 what are you in a passion about8 ,though it does you good to get in a passion--you look very handsome6 ,it is1 my ,lord1 because ,mr4 ,harry ,esmond1 having nothing to do with his time here1 and not having a taste for our company1 has been to the blacksmith's alehouse1 where he has some friends4 ,my ,lord burst out with a laugh4 ,take ,mistress ,beatrix to bed1 my ,lady cried at this moment to her woman1 who came in with her ,ladyship's tea4 ,put her into my room--no1 into yours1 she added quickly4 ,go1 my child3 go1 ,i say2 not a word4 ,and ,beatrix1 quite surprised at so sudden a tone of authority from one who was seldom accustomed to raise her voice1 went out of the room with a scared face and waited even to burst out crying until she got upstairs4 ,for once1 her mother took little heed of her4 ,my ,lord1 she said1 this young man--your relative--told me just now in ,french--he was ashamed to speak in his own language--that he had been at the blacksmith's all day1 where he has had that little wretch who is now ill of the smallpox on his knee4 ,and he comes home reeking from that place--yes1 reeking from it--and takes my boy into his lap without shame1 and sits down by me4 ,he may have killed ,frank for what ,i know--killed our child6 ,why was he brought in to disgrace our house8 ,why is he here8 ,let him go--let him go1 ,i say1 and vpollute the place no more6 ,she had never before uttered a syllable of unkindness to ,harry ,esmond1 and her cruel words smote the poor boy so that he stood for some moments bewildered with grief and rage at the injustice of such a stab from such a hand4 ,he turned quite white from red1 which he had been before4 ,if my coming nigh your boy pollutes him1 he said1 it was not so always4 ,good-night1 my ,lord4 ,heaven bless you and yours for your goodness to me4 ,i have tired her ,ladyship's kindness out1 and ,i will go4 ,he wants to go to the alehouse--let him go6 cried my ,lady4 ,i'll be hanged if he shall1 said my ,lord4 ,i didn't think you could be so cruel1 ,rachel6 ,her reply was to burst into a flood of tears1 and to quit the room with a rapid glance at ,harry ,esmond1 as my ,lord put his broad hand on ,harry's shoulder4 ,in a little while my ,lady came back1 looking very pale1 with a handkerchief in her hand4 ,instantly advancing to ,harry ,esmond1 she took his hand4 ,i beg your pardon1 ,harry1 she said4 ,i spoke very unkindly4 ,my ,lord broke out3 ,there may be no harm done4 ,leave the boy alone4 ,she looked a little red1 and pressed the lad's hand as she dropped it4 ,there is no use1 my ,lord1 she said4 ,frank was on his knee as he was making pictures and was running constantly from ,harry to me4 ,the evil is done1 if any4 ,not with me1 cried my ,lord4 ,i've been smoking4 ,and he lighted his pipe again with a coal4 ,as the disease is in the village--plague take it6--,i would have you leave it4 ,we'll go to-morrow to ,walcote4 ,i have no fear1 said my ,lady4 ,i may have had it as an infant4 ,i won't run the risk1 said my ,lord4 ,i'm as bold as any man1 but ,i'll not bear that4 ,take ,beatrix with you and go1 said my ,lady4 ,for us the mischief is done4 ,my ,lord1 calling away ,doctor ,tusher1 bade him come in the oak parlor and have a pipe4 ,when the lady and the boy were alone1 there was a silence of some moments1 during which he stood looking at the fire whilst her ,ladyship busied herself with the vtambour frame and needles4 ,i am sorry1 she said1 after a pause1 in a hard1 dry voice--,i repeat ,i am sorry that ,i said what ,i said4 ,it was not at all my wish that you should leave us1 ,i am sure1 unless you found pleasure elsewhere4 ,but you must see that1 at your age1 and with your tastes1 it is impossible that you can continue to stay upon the intimate footing in which you have been in this family4 ,you have wished to go to college1 and ,i think 'tis quite as well that you should be sent thither4 ,i did not press the matter1 thinking you a child1 as you are indeed in years--quite a child4 ,but now ,i shall beg my ,lord to despatch you as quick as possible2 and will go on with ,frank's learning as well as ,i can4 ,and--and ,i wish you a good night1 ,harry4 ,with this she dropped a stately curtsy1 and1 taking her candle1 went away through the tapestry door1 which led to her apartments4 ,esmond stood by the fireplace1 blankly staring after her4 ,indeed1 he scarce seemed to see until she was gone1 and then her image was impressed upon him and remained forever fixed upon his memory4 ,he saw her retreating1 the taper lighting up her marble face1 her scarlet lip quivering1 and her shining golden hair4 ,he went to his own room and to bed1 but could not get to sleep until daylight1 and woke with a violent headache4 ,he had brought the contagion with him from the alehouse1 sure enough1 and was presently laid up with the smallpox1 which spared the hall no more than it did the cottage4 ,when ,harry ,esmond had passed through the vcrisis of the vmalady and returned to health again1 he found that little ,frank ,esmond had also suffered and rallied from the disease1 and that his mother was down with it4 ,nor could young ,esmond agree in ,doctor ,tusher's vvehement protestations to my ,lady1 when he visited her during her vconvalescence1 that the malady had not in the least impaired her charms2 whereas1 in spite of these fine speeches1 ,harry thought that her ,ladyship's beauty was very much injured by the smallpox4 ,the delicacy of her rosy complexion was gone2 her eyes had lost their brilliancy1 her hair fell1 and she looked older4 ,when ,tusher in his courtly way vowed and protested that my ,lady's face was none the worse1 the lad broke out and said1 ,it is worse1 and my mistress is not near so handsome as she was4 ,on this poor ,lady ,castlewood gave a vrueful smile and a look into a little mirror she had1 which showed her1 ,i suppose1 that what the stupid boy said was only too true1 for she turned away from the glass and her eyes filled with tears4 ,the sight of these always created a sort of rage of pity in ,esmond's heart1 and seeing them on the face of the lady whom he loved best1 the young blunderer sank down on his knees and besought her to pardon him1 saying that he was a fool and an idiot4 ,doctor ,tusher told him that he was a bear1 and a bear he would remain1 at which speech poor ,harry was so dumb-stricken that he did not even growl4 ,he is my bear1 and ,i will not have him baited1 doctor1 said my ,lady1 putting her hand kindly on the boy's head1 as he was still kneeling at her feet4 ,how your hair has come off6 ,and mine1 too6 she added with another sigh4 ,it is not for myself that ,i care1 my ,lady said to ,harry1 when the parson had taken his leave2 but am ,i very much changed6 ,alas6 ,i fear 'tis too true4 ,madam1 you have the dearest1 and kindest1 and sweetest face in the world1 ,i think1 the lad said2 and indeed he thought so4 ,for ,harry ,esmond his benefactress' sweet face had lost none of its charms4 ,it had always the kindest of looks and smiles for him--and beauty of every sort4 ,she would call him ,mr4 ,tutor1 and she herself1 as well as the two children1 went to school to him4 ,of the pupils the two young people were but lazy scholars1 and my ,lord's son only learned what he liked1 which was but little4 ,mistress ,beatrix chattered ,french prettily1 and sang sweetly1 but this from her mother's teaching1 not ,harry ,esmond's4 ,but if the children were careless1 'twas a wonder how eagerly the mother learned from her young tutor--and taught him1 too4 ,she saw the vlatent beauties and hidden graces in books2 and the happiest hours of young ,esmond's life were those passed in the company of this kind mistress and her children4 ,these happy days were to end soon1 however2 and it was by ,lady ,castlewood's own decree that they were brought to a conclusion4 ,it happened about ,christmas-tide1 ,harry ,esmond being now past sixteen years of age4 ,a messenger came from ,winchester one day1 bearer of the news that my ,lady's aunt was dead and had left her fortune of ,l#b1jjj among her six nieces4 ,many a time afterward ,harry ,esmond recalled the flushed face and eager look wherewith1 after this intelligence1 his kind lady regarded him4 ,when my ,lord heard of the news1 he did not make any long face4 ,the money will come very handy to furnish the music-room and the vcellar1 he said1 which is getting low1 and buy your ,ladyship a coach and a couple of horses4 ,beatrix1 you shall have a vspinet2 and ,frank1 you shall have a little horse from ,hexton fair2 and ,harry1 you shall have five pounds to buy some books4 ,so spoke my ,lord1 who was generous with his own1 and indeed with other folks' money4 ,i wish your aunt would die once a year1 ,rachel2 we could spend your money1 and all your sisters'1 too4 ,i have but one aunt--and--and ,i have another use for the money1 said my ,lady1 turning red4 ,another use1 my dear2 and what do you know about money8 cried my ,lord4 ,i intend it for ,harry ,esmond to go to college4 ,cousin ,harry1 said my ,lady1 you mustn't stay any longer in this dull place1 but make a name for yourself4 ,is ,harry going away8 ,you don't mean to say you will go away8 cried out ,beatrix and ,frank at one breath4 ,but he will come back1 and this will always be his home1 replied my ,lady1 with blue eyes looking a celestial kindness2 and his scholars will always love him1 won't they8 ,rachel1 you're a good woman1 said my ,lord4 ,i wish you joy1 my kinsman1 he continued1 giving ,harry ,esmond a hearty slap on the shoulder1 ,i won't balk your luck4 ,go to ,cambridge1 boy4 ,when ,harry ,esmond went away for ,cambridge1 little ,frank ran alongside his horse as far as the bridge1 and there ,harry stopped for a moment and looked back at the house where the best part of his life had been passed4 ,and ,harry remembered1 all his life after1 how he saw his mistress at the window looking out on him1 the little ,beatrix's chestnut curls resting at her mother's side4 ,both waved a farewell to him1 and little ,frank sobbed to leave him4 ,the village people had good-bye to say to him1 too4 ,all knew that ,master ,harry was going to college1 and most of them had a kind word and a look of farewell4 ,and with these things in mind1 he rode out into the world4 ,,william ,,makepeace ,,thackeray4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,tell what you find out about the household in which ,harry ,esmond lived4 ,what impression do you get of each person8 ,what trouble did ,harry bring upon the family8 ,what change occurred in his life and now8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,virginians--,william ,makepeace ,thackeray4 ,the ,sir ,roger de ,coverley ,papers--,steele and ,addison4 ,,the ,,family ,,holds ,,its ,,head ,,up ,the story is an extract from ,oliver ,goldsmith's famous novel1 ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield4 ,in this book ,goldsmith describes the fortunes of the family of ,doctor ,primrose1 a ,church of ,england clergyman of the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,the novel is considered a most faithful picture of ,english country life in that period4 ,the home ,i had come to as vvicar was in a little neighborhood consisting of farmers who tilled their own grounds and were equal strangers to vopulence and poverty4 ,as they had almost all the conveniences of life within themselves1 they seldom visited towns or cities in search of vsuperfluity4 ,remote from the polite1 they still retained the vprimeval simplicity of manners2 and1 frugal by habit1 they scarce knew that temperance was a virtue4 ,they wrought with cheerfulness on days of labor1 but observed festivals as intervals of idleness and pleasure4 ,they kept up the ,christmas carol1 sent love-knots on ,valentine morning1 ate pancakes on v,shrovetide1 showed their wit on the first of ,april1 and religiously cracked nuts on v,michaelmas-eve4 ,being apprised of our approach1 the whole neighborhood came out to meet their minister1 dressed in their finest clothes and preceded by a vpipe and vtabor3 a feast1 also1 was provided for our reception1 at which we sat cheerfully down1 and what the conversation wanted in wit was made up in laughter4 ,our little habitation was situated at the foot of a sloping hill1 sheltered with a beautiful underwood behind1 and a prattling river before2 on one side a meadow1 on the other a green4 ,my farm consisted of about twenty acres of excellent land4 ,nothing could exceed the neatness of my little enclosures1 the elms and hedgerows appearing with inexpressible beauty4 ,my house consisted of but one story1 and was covered with vthatch1 which gave it an air of great snugness2 the walls on the inside were nicely whitewashed1 and my daughters undertook to adorn them with pictures of their own designing4 ,though the same room served us for parlor and kitchen1 that only made it the warmer4 ,besides1 as it was kept with the utmost neatness1--the dishes1 plates and coppers being well scoured and all disposed in bright rows on the shelves--the eye was agreeably relieved and did not want richer furniture4 ,there were three other apartments3 one for my wife and me2 another for our two daughters within our own2 and the third1 with two beds1 for the rest of the children4 ,the little republic to which ,i gave laws was regulated in the following manner3 by sunrise we all assembled in our common apartment1 the fire being previously kindled by the servant4 ,after we had saluted each other with proper ceremony--for ,i always thought fit to keep up some mechanical forms of good breeding1 without which freedom ever destroys friendship--we all bent in gratitude to that ,being who gave us another day4 ,this duty performed1 my son and ,i went to pursue our usual industry abroad1 while my wife and daughters employed themselves in providing breakfast1 which was always ready at a certain time4 ,i allowed half an hour for this meal1 and an hour for dinner1 which time was taken up in innocent mirth between my wife and daughters1 and in vphilosophical arguments between my son and me4 ,as we rose with the sun1 so we never pursued our labors after it was gone down1 but returned home to the expecting family1 where smiling looks1 a neat hearth1 and a pleasant fire were prepared for our reception4 ,nor were we without guests2 sometimes ,farmer ,flamborough1 our talkative neighbor1 and often a blind piper1 would pay us a visit and taste our gooseberry wine1 for the making of which we had lost neither the recipe nor the reputation4 ,these harmless people had several ways of being good company2 while one played1 the other would sing some soothing ballad--,johnny ,armstrong's ,last ,good-,night1 or ,the ,cruelty of ,barbara ,allen4 ,the night was concluded in the manner we began the morning1 my youngest boys being appointed to read the lessons of the day2 and he that read loudest1 distinctest and best was to have an halfpenny on ,sunday to put into the poor-box4 ,this encouraged in them a wholesome rivalry to do good4 ,when ,sunday came1 it was1 indeed1 a day of finery1 which all my vsumptuary edicts could not restrain4 ,how well soever ,i fancied my lectures against pride had conquered the vanity of my daughters1 yet ,i still found them secretly attached to all their former finery2 they still loved laces1 ribbons1 and bugles1 and my wife herself retained a passion for her crimson vpaduasoy1 because ,i formerly happened to say it became her4 ,the first ,sunday1 in particular1 their behavior served to mortify me4 ,i had desired my girls the preceding night to be dressed early the next day1 for ,i always loved to be at church a good while before the rest of the congregation4 ,they punctually obeyed my directions2 but when we were to assemble in the morning at breakfast1 down came my wife and daughters1 dressed out in all their former splendor--their hair plastered up with vpomatum1 their faces vpatched to taste1 their trains bundled up in a heap behind and rustling at every motion4 ,i could not help smiling at their vanity1 particularly that of my wife1 from whom ,i expected more discretion4 ,in this vexigence1 therefore1 my only resource was to order my son1 with an important air1 to call our coach4 ,the girls were amazed at the command1 but ,i repeated it1 with more solemnity than before4 ,surely1 you jest6 cried my wife4 ,we can walk perfectly well2 we want no coach to carry us now4 ,you mistake1 child1 returned ,i2 we do want a coach1 for if we walk to church in this trim1 the very children in the parish will hoot after us4 ,indeed6 replied my wife4 ,i always imagined that my ,charles was fond of seeing his children neat and handsome about him4 ,you may be as neat as you please1 interrupted ,i1 and ,i shall love you the better for it2 but all this is not neatness1 but frippery4 ,these rufflings and pinkings and patchings will only make us hated by all the wives of our neighbors4 ,no1 my children1 continued ,i1 more gravely1 those gowns must be altered into something of a plainer cut1 for finery is very unbecoming in us who want the means of vdecency4 ,this remonstrance had the proper effect4 ,they went with great composure1 that very instant1 to change their dress2 and the next day ,i had the satisfaction of finding my daughters1 at their own request1 employed in cutting up their trains into ,sunday waist-coats for ,dick and ,bill1 the two little ones2 and1 what was still more satisfactory1 the gowns seemed improved by this vcurtailing4 ,but the reformation lasted but for a short while4 ,my wife and daughters were visited by the wives of some of the richer neighbors and by a squire who lived near by1 on whom they set more store than on the plain farmers' wives who were nearer us in worldly station4 ,i now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance1 simplicity1 and contentment were entirely disregarded4 ,some distinctions lately paid us by our betters awakened that pride which ,i had laid asleep1 but not removed4 ,our windows again1 as formerly1 were filled with washes for the neck and face4 ,the sun was dreaded as an enemy to the skin without doors and the fire as a spoiler of the complexion within4 ,my wife observed that rising too early would hurt her daughters' eyes1 that working after dinner would redden their noses1 and she convinced me that the hands never looked so white as when they did nothing4 ,instead1 therefore1 of finishing ,george's shirts1 we now had the girls new-modeling their old gauzes4 ,the poor ,miss ,flamboroughs1 their former gay companions1 were cast off as mean acquaintance1 and the whole conversation ran upon high life and high-lived company1 with pictures1 taste1 and ,shakespeare4 ,but we could have borne all this1 had not a fortune-telling gypsy come to raise us into perfect vsublimity4 ,the tawny vsibyl no sooner appeared than my girls came running to me for a shilling apiece to cross her hand with silver4 ,to say the truth1 ,i was tired of being always wise1 and could not help gratifying their request1 because ,i loved to see them happy4 ,i gave each of them a shilling2 after they had been closeted up with the fortune-teller for some time1 ,i knew by their looks1 upon their returning1 that they had been promised something great4 ,well1 my girls1 how have you sped8 ,tell me1 ,livy1 has the fortune-teller given thee a penny-worth8 ,she positively declared that ,i am to be married to a squire in less than a twelvemonth4 ,well1 now1 ,sophy1 my child1 said ,i1 and what sort of husband are you to have8 ,i am to have a lord soon after my sister has married the squire1 she replied4 ,how1 cried ,i1 is that all you are to have for your two shillings8 ,only a lord and a squire for two shillings6 ,you fools1 ,i could have promised you a prince and a vnabob for half the money4 ,this curiosity of theirs1 however1 was attended with very serious effects4 ,we now began to think ourselves designed by the stars to something exalted1 and already anticipated our future grandeur4 ,in this agreeable time my wife had the most lucky dreams in the world1 which she took care to tell us every morning1 with great solemnity and exactness4 ,it was one night a coffin and cross-bones1 the sign of an approaching wedding2 at another time she imagined her daughters' pockets filled with farthings1 a certain sign they would shortly be stuffed with gold4 ,the girls themselves had their omens4 ,they saw rings in the candle1 purses bounced from the fire1 and love-knots lurked in the bottom of every teacup4 ,toward the end of the week we received a card from two town ladies1 in which1 with their compliments1 they hoped to see our family at church the ,sunday following4 ,all ,saturday morning ,i could perceive1 in consequence of this1 my wife and daughters in close conference together1 and now and then glancing at me with looks that betrayed a vlatent plot4 ,to be sincere1 ,i had strong suspicions that some absurd proposal was preparing for appearing with splendor the next day4 ,in the evening they began their operations in a very regular manner1 and my wife undertook to conduct the siege4 ,after tea1 when ,i seemed in fine spirits1 she began thus3 ,i fancy1 ,charles1 my dear1 we shall have a great deal of good company at our church to-morrow4 ,perhaps we may1 my dear1 returned ,i1 though you need be under no uneasiness about that2 you shall have a sermon1 whether there be or not4 ,that is what ,i expect1 returned she2 but ,i think1 my dear1 we ought to appear there as decently as possible1 for who knows what may happen8 ,your precautions1 replied ,i1 are highly commendable4 ,a decent behavior and appearance in church is what charms me4 ,we should be devout and humble1 cheerful and serene4 ,yes1 cried she1 ,i know that2 but ,i mean we should go there in as proper a manner as possible2 not like the scrubs about us4 ,you are quite right1 my dear1 returned ,i1 and ,i was going to make the same proposal4 ,the proper manner of going is to go as early as possible1 to have time for meditation before the sermon begins4 ,phoo6 ,charles1 interrupted she1 all that is very true1 but not what ,i would be at4 ,i mean1 we should go there vgenteelly4 ,you know the church is two miles off1 and ,i protest ,i don't like to see my daughters trudging up to their pew all blowzed and red with walking1 and looking for all the world as if they had been winners at a vsmock race4 ,now1 my dear1 my proposal is this3 there are our two plough-horses1 the colt that has been in our family these nine years and his companion1 ,blackberry1 that has scarce done an earthly thing for this month past4 ,they are both grown fat and lazy4 ,why should they not do something as well as we8 ,and let me tell you1 when ,moses has trimmed them a little1 they will cut a very tolerable figure4 ,to this proposal ,i objected that walking would be twenty times more genteel than such a paltry conveyance1 as ,blackberry was wall-eyed1 and the colt wanted a tail2 that they had never been broken to the rein1 but had an hundred vicious tricks1 and that we had but one saddle and vpillion in the whole house4 ,all these objections1 however1 were overruled1 so that ,i was obliged to comply4 ,the next morning ,i perceived them not a little busy in collecting such materials as might be necessary for the expedition2 but as ,i found it would be a business of time1 ,i walked on to the church before1 and they promised speedily to follow4 ,i waited near an hour in the reading desk for their arrival2 but not finding them come as ,i expected1 ,i was obliged to begin1 and went through the service1 not without some uneasiness at finding them absent4 ,this was increased when all was finished1 and no appearance of the family4 ,i therefore walked back by the horseway1 which was five miles round1 though the footway was but two2 and when ,i had got about half-way home1 ,i perceived the procession marching slowly forward toward the church--my son1 my wife1 and the two little ones exalted on one horse1 and my two daughters upon the other4 ,it was then very near dinner-time4 ,i demanded the cause of their delay1 but ,i soon found1 by their looks1 that they had met with a thousand misfortunes on the road4 ,the horses had1 at first1 refused to move from the door1 till a neighbor was kind enough to beat them forward for about two hundred yards with his cudgel4 ,next1 the straps of my wife's pillion broke down1 and they were obliged to stop to repair them before they could proceed4 ,after that1 one of the horses took it into his head to stand still1 and neither blows nor entreaties could prevail with him to proceed4 ,they were just recovering from this dismal situation when ,i found them2 but1 perceiving everything safe1 ,i own their mortification did not much displease me1 as it gave me many opportunities of future triumph1 and would teach my daughters more humility4 ,,oliver ,,goldsmith4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,describe the neighborhood and the home to which the vicar took his family2 also their manner of living4 ,relate the two attempts the ladies made to appear at church in great style4 ,what happened to raise the hopes of better days for the daughters8 ,how were these hopes encouraged8 ,what superstitions did the wife and daughters believe8 ,give your opinion of the vicar and of each member of the family4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,school for ,scandal--,richard ,brinsley ,sheridan4 ,she ,stoops to ,conquer--,oliver ,goldsmith4 ,life of ,oliver ,goldsmith--,washington ,irving4 ,david ,copperfield--,charles ,dickens4 ,barnaby ,rudge--,charles ,dickens4 ,some have too much1 yet still do crave2 ,i little have1 and seek no more4 ,they are but poor1 though much they have1 ,and ,i am rich with little store3 ,they poor1 ,i rich2 they beg1 ,i give2 ,they lack1 ,i leave2 they pine1 ,i live4 ,,sir ,,edward ,,dyer4 ,,the ,,little ,,boy ,,in ,,the ,,balcony ,my special amusement in ,new ,york is riding on the elevated railway4 ,it is curious to note how little one can see on the crowded sidewalks of this city4 ,it is simply a rush of the same people--hurrying this way or that on the same errands1 doing the same shopping or eating at the same restaurants4 ,it is a vkaleidoscope with infinite combinations but the same effects4 ,you see it to-day1 and it is the same as yesterday4 ,occasionally in the multitude you hit upon a vgenre specimen1 or an odd detail1 such as a prim little dog that sits upright all day and holds in its mouth a cup for pennies for its blind master1 or an old bookseller1 with a grand head and the deliberate motions of a scholar1 moldering in a stall--but the general effect is one of sameness and soon tires and bewilders4 ,once on the elevated road1 however1 a new world is opened1 full of the most interesting objects4 ,the cars sweep by the upper stories of the houses1 and1 running never too swiftly to allow observation1 disclose the secrets of a thousand homes1 and bring to view people and things never dreamed of by the giddy1 restless crowd that sends its impatient murmur from the streets below4 ,in a course of several months' pretty steady riding from ,twenty-third ,street1 which is the station for the ,fifth ,avenue ,hotel1 to ,rector1 which overlooks ,wall ,street1 ,i have made many acquaintances along the route1 and on reaching the city my first curiosity is in their behalf4 ,one of these is a boy about six years of age--akin in his fragile body and his serious mien--a youngster that is very precious to me4 ,i first saw this boy on a little balcony about three feet by four1 projecting from the window of a poverty-stricken fourth floor4 ,he was leaning over the railing1 his white1 thoughtful head just clearing the top1 holding a short1 round stick in his hand4 ,the little fellow made a pathetic picture1 all alone there above the street1 so friendless and desolate1 and his pale face came between me and my business many a time that day4 ,on going uptown that evening just as night was falling1 ,i saw him still at his place1 white and patient and silent4 ,every day afterward ,i saw him there1 always with the short stick in his hand4 ,occasionally he would walk around the balcony1 rattling the stick in a solemn manner against the railing1 or poke it across from one corner to another and sit on it4 ,this was the only playing ,i ever saw him do1 and the stick was the only plaything he had4 ,but he was never without it4 ,his little hand always held it1 and ,i pictured him every morning when he awoke from his joyless sleep1 picking up his poor toy and going out to his balcony1 as other boys go to play4 ,or perhaps he slept with it1 as little ones do with dolls and whip-tops4 ,i could see that the room beyond the window was bare4 ,i never saw any one in it4 ,the heat must have been terrible1 for it could have had no ventilation4 ,once ,i missed the boy from the balcony1 but saw his white head moving about slowly in the dusk of the room4 ,gradually the little fellow became a burden to me4 ,i found myself continually thinking of him1 and troubled with that remorse that thoughtless people feel even for suffering for which they are not in the slightest degree responsible4 ,not that ,i ever saw any suffering on his face4 ,it was patient1 thoughtful1 serious1 but with never a sign of petulance4 ,what thoughts filled that young head--what contemplation took the place of what should have been the vineffable upspringing of childish emotion--what complaint or questioning were living behind that white face--no one could guess4 ,in an older person the face would have betokened a resignation that found peace in the hope of things hereafter4 ,in this child1 without hope or aspiration1 it was sad beyond expression4 ,one day as ,i passed ,i nodded at him4 ,he made no sign in return4 ,i repeated the nod on another trip1 waving my hand at him--but without avail4 ,at length1 in response to an unusually winning exhortation1 his pale lips trembled into a smile1 but a smile that was soberness itself4 ,wherever ,i went that day that smile went with me4 ,wherever ,i saw children playing in the parks1 or trotting along with their hands nestled in strong fingers that guided and protected1 ,i thought of that tiny watcher in the balcony--joyless1 hopeless1 friendless--a desolate mite1 hanging between the blue sky and the gladsome streets1 lifting his wistful face now to the peaceful heights of the one1 and now looking with grave wonder on the ceaseless tumult of the other4 ,at length--but why go any further8 ,why is it necessary to tell that the boy had no father1 that his mother was bedridden from his birth1 and that his sister pasted labels in a drug-house1 and he was thus left to himself4 ,it is sufficient to say that ,i went to ,coney ,island yesterday1 and watched the bathers and the children--listened to the crisp1 lingering music of the waves--ate a robust lunch on the pier--wandered in and out among the booths1 tents1 and hub-bub--and that through all these pleasures ,i had a companion that enjoyed them with a gravity that ,i can never hope to vemulate1 but with a soulfulness that was touching4 ,as ,i came back in the boat1 the breezes singing through the vcordage1 music floating from the fore-deck1 and the sun lighting with its dying rays the shipping that covered the river1 there was sitting in front of me a very pale but very happy bit of a boy1 open-eyed with wonder1 but sober and self-contained1 clasping tightly in his little fingers a short1 battered stick4 ,and finally1 whenever ,i pass by a certain overhanging balcony now1 ,i am sure of a smile from an intimate and esteemed friend who lives there4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,grady4 ,,ariel',s ,,triumph#ada-99 ,this story is taken from ,booth ,tarkington's novel1 ,the ,conquest of ,canaan1 which gives an admirable description of modern life in an ,american town4 ,joe ,louden1 the hero1 and ,ariel ,tabor1 the heroine1 were both friendless and1 in a way1 forlorn4 ,how both of them triumphed over obstacles and won success and happiness is the theme of a book which is notable for keen observation of character and for a quiet and delightful humor4 ,i ,ariel had worked all the afternoon over her mother's wedding-gown1 and two hours were required by her toilet for the dance4 ,she curled her hair frizzily1 burning it here and there1 with a slate-pencil heated over a lamp-chimney1 and she placed above one ear three or four large artificial roses1 taken from an old hat of her mother's1 which she had found in a trunk in the store-room4 ,possessing no slippers1 she carefully blacked and polished her shoes1 which had been clumsily resoled1 and fastened into the strings of each small rosettes of red ribbon2 after which she practised swinging the train of her skirt until she was proud of her manipulation of it4 ,she had no powder1 but found in her grandfather's room a lump of magnesia1 which he was in the habit of taking for heartburn1 and passed it over and over her brown face and hands4 ,then a lingering gaze into her small mirror gave her joy at last2 she yearned so hard to see herself charming that she did see herself so4 ,admiration came1 and she told herself that she was more attractive to look at than she had ever been in her life1 and that1 perhaps1 at last she might begin to be sought for like other girls4 ,the little glass showed a sort of prettiness in her thin1 unmatured young face2 tripping dance-tunes ran through her head1 her feet keeping the time--ah1 she did so hope to dance often that night6 ,perhaps--perhaps she might be asked for every number4 ,and so1 wrapping an old water-proof cloak about her1 she took her grandfather's arm and sallied forth1 with high hopes in her beating heart4 ,it was in the dressing-room that the change began to come4 ,alone1 at home in her own ugly little room1 she had thought herself almost beautiful2 but here in the brightly lighted chamber crowded with the other girls it was different4 ,there was a big vcheval-glass at one end of the room1 and she faced it1 when her turn came--for the mirror was popular--with a sinking spirit4 ,there was the contrast1 like a picture painted and framed4 ,the other girls all wore their hair after the fashion introduced to ,canaan by ,mamie ,pike the week before1 on her return from a visit to ,chicago4 ,none of them had crimped and none had bedecked their tresses with artificial flowers4 ,her alterations of the wedding-dress had not been successful2 the skirt was too short in front and higher on one side than on the other1 showing too plainly the heavy-soled shoes1 which had lost most of their polish in the walk through the snow4 ,the ribbon rosettes were fully revealed1 and as she glanced at their reflection1 she heard the words1 ,look at that train and those rosettes6 whispered behind her1 and saw in the mirror two pretty young women turn away with their handkerchiefs over their mouths and retreat hurriedly to an alcove4 ,all the feet in the room except ,ariel's were in dainty kid or satin slippers of the color of the dresses from which they glimmered out1 and only ,ariel wore a train4 ,she went away from the mirror and pretended to be busy with a hanging thread in her sleeve4 ,she was singularly an alien in the chattering room1 although she had been born and had lived all her life in the town4 ,perhaps her position among the young ladies may be best defined by the remark1 generally current among them that evening1 to the effect that it was very sweet of ,mamie to invite her4 ,ariel was not like the others2 she was not of them1 and never had been4 ,indeed1 she did not know them very well4 ,some of them nodded to her and gave her a word of greeting pleasantly2 all of them whispered about her with wonder and suppressed amusement1 but none talked to her4 ,they were not unkindly1 but they were young and eager and excited over their own interests1--which were then in the gentlemen's dressing-room4 ,each of the other girls had been escorted by a youth of the place1 and1 one by one1 joining these escorts in the hall outside the door1 they descended the stairs1 until only ,ariel was left4 ,she came down alone after the first dance had begun1 and greeted her young hostess's mother timidly4 ,mrs4 ,pike--a small1 frightened-looking woman with a ruby necklace--answered her absently1 and hurried away to see that the vimported waiters did not steal anything4 ,ariel sat in one of the chairs against the wall and watched the dancers with a smile of eager and benevolent interest4 ,in ,canaan no parents1 no guardians or aunts were haled forth o' nights to vduenna the junketings of youth2 ,mrs4 ,pike did not reappear1 and ,ariel sat conspicuously alone2 there was nothing else for her to do1 but it was not an easy matter4 ,when the first dance reached an end1 ,mamie ,pike came to her for a moment with a cheery welcome1 and was immediately surrounded by a circle of young men and women1 flushed with dancing1 shouting as was their wont1 laughing vinexplicably over words and phrases and unintelligible vmonosyllables1 as if they all belonged to a secret society and these cries were symbols of things exquisitely humorous1 which only they understood4 ,ariel laughed with them more heartily than any other1 so that she might seem to be of them and as merry as they were2 but almost immediately she found herself outside of the circle1 and presently they all whirled away into another dance1 and she was left alone again4 ,so she sat1 no one coming near her1 through several dances1 trying to maintain the smile of delighted interest upon her face1 though she felt the muscles of her face beginning to ache with their fixedness1 her eyes growing hot and glazed4 ,all the other girls were provided with partners for every dance1 with several young men left over1 these latter lounging vhilariously together in the doorways4 ,ariel was careful not to glance toward them1 but she could not help hating them4 ,once or twice between the dances she saw ,miss ,pike speak appealingly to one of the vsuperfluous1 glancing1 at the same time1 in her own direction1 and ,ariel could see1 too1 that the appeal proved unsuccessful1 until at last ,mamie approached her1 leading ,norbert ,flitcroft1 partly by the hand1 partly by will power4 ,norbert was an excessively fat boy1 and at the present moment looked as patient as the blind4 ,but he asked ,ariel if she was engaged for the next dance1 and1 ,mamie1 having flitted away1 stood vdisconsolately beside her1 waiting for the music to begin4 ,ariel was grateful for him4 ,i think you must be very good-natured1 ,mr4 ,flitcroft1 she said1 with an air of vraillery4 ,no1 ,i'm not1 he replied1 vplaintively4 ,everybody thinks ,i am1 because ,i'm fat1 and they expect me to do things they never dream of asking anybody else to do4 ,i'd like to see 'em even ask ',gene ,bantry to go and do some of the things they get me to do6 ,a person isn't good-natured just because he's fat1 he concluded1 morbidly1 but he might as well be6 ,oh1 ,i meant good-natured1 she returned1 with a sprightly laugh1 because you're willing to waltz with me4 ,oh1 well1 he returned1 sighing1 that's all right4 ,the orchestra flourished into ,la ,paloma2 he put his arm mournfully about her1 and taking her right hand with his left1 carried her arm out to a rigid right angle1 beginning to pump and balance for time4 ,they made three false starts and then got away4 ,ariel danced badly2 she hopped and lost the step1 but they persevered1 bumping against other couples continually4 ,circling breathlessly into the next room1 they passed close to a long mirror1 in which ,ariel saw herself1 although in a flash1 more bitterly contrasted to the others than in the cheval-glass of the dressing-room4 ,the clump of roses was flopping about her neck1 her crimped hair looked frowzy1 and there was something terribly wrong about her dress4 ,suddenly she felt her train to be vgrotesque1 as a thing following her in a nightmare4 ,a moment later she caught her partner making a vburlesque face of suffering over her shoulder1 and1 turning her head quickly1 saw for whose benefit he had constructed it4 ,eugene ,bantry1 flying expertly by with ,mamie1 was bestowing upon ,mr4 ,flitcroft a commiserative wink4 ,the next instant she tripped in her train and fell to the floor at ,eugene's feet1 carrying her partner with her4 ,there was a shout of laughter4 ,the young hostess stopped ,eugene1 who would have gone on1 and he had no choice but to stoop to ,ariel's assistance4 ,it seems to be a habit of mine1 she said1 laughing loudly4 ,she did not appear to see the hand he offered1 but got on her feet without help and walked quickly away with ,norbert1 who proceeded to live up to the character he had given himself4 ,perhaps we had better not try it again1 she laughed4 ,well1 ,i should think not1 he returned with the frankest gloom4 ,with the air of conducting her home1 he took her to the chair against the wall whence he had brought her4 ,there his responsibility for her seemed to cease4 ,will you excuse me8 he asked1 and there was no doubt he felt that he had been given more than his share that evening1 even though he was fat4 ,yes1 indeed4 ,her laughter was continuous4 ,i should think you would be glad to get rid of me after that4 ,ha1 ha1 ha6 ,poor ,mr4 ,flitcroft1 you know you are6 ,it was the deadly truth1 and the fat one1 saying1 ,well1 if you'll excuse me now1 hurried away with a step which grew lighter as the distance from her increased4 ,arrived at the haven of a far doorway1 he mopped his brow and shook his head grimly in response to frequent rallyings4 ,ariel sat through more dances1 interminable dances and intermissions1 in that same chair1 in which it began to seem she was to live out the rest of her life4 ,now and then1 if she thought people were looking at her as they passed1 she broke into a laugh and nodded slightly1 as if still amused over her mishap4 ,after a long time she rose1 and laughing cheerfully to ,mr4 ,flitcroft1 who was standing in the doorway and replied with a wan smile1 stepped out quickly into the hall1 where she almost ran into her great-uncle1 ,jonas ,tabor4 ,he was going toward the big front doors with ,judge ,pike1 having just come out of the latter's library1 down the hall4 ,jonas was breathing heavily and was shockingly pale1 though his eyes were very bright4 ,he turned his back upon his grandniece sharply and went out of the door4 ,ariel reentered the room whence she had come4 ,she laughed again to her fat friend as she passed him1 went to the window and looked out4 ,the porch seemed deserted and was faintly illuminated by a few ,japanese lanterns4 ,she sprang out1 dropped upon the divan1 and burying her face in her hands1 cried heart-brokenly4 ,presently she felt something alive touch her foot1 and1 her breath catching with alarm1 she started to rise4 ,a thin hand1 issuing from a shabby sleeve1 had stolen out between two of the green tubs and was pressing upon one of her shoes4 ,sh6 warned a voice4 ,don't make a noise6 ,the warning was not needed2 she had recognized the hand and sleeve instantly4 ,it was her playmate and lifelong friend1 ,joe ,louden4 ,what were you going on about8 he asked angrily4 ,nothing1 she answered4 ,i wasn't4 ,you must go away2 you know the ,judge doesn't like you4 ,what were you crying about8 interrupted the uninvited guest4 ,nothing1 ,i tell you6 she repeated1 the tears not ceasing to gather in her eyes4 ,i wasn't4 ,i want to know what it was1 he insisted4 ,didn't the fools ask you to dance6 ,ah6 ,you needn't tell me4 ,that's it4 ,i've been here1 watching1 for the last three dances and you weren't in sight till you came to the window4 ,well1 what do you care about that for6 ,i don't1 she answered4 ,i don't6 ,then suddenly1 without being able to prevent it1 she sobbed4 ,no1 he said1 gently1 ,i see you don't4 ,and you let yourself be a fool because there are a lot of fools in there4 ,she gave way1 all at once1 to a gust of sorrow and bitterness2 she bent far over and caught his hand and laid it against her wet cheek4 ,oh1 ,joe1 she whispered1 brokenly1 ,i think we have such hard lives1 you and ,i6 ,it doesn't seem right--while we're so young6 ,why can't we be like the others8 ,why can't we have some of the fun8 ,he withdrew his hand1 with the embarrassment and shame he would have felt had she been a boy4 ,get out6 he said1 feebly4 ,she did not seem to notice1 but1 still stooping1 rested her elbows on her knees and her face in her hands4 ,i try so hard to have some fun1 to be like the rest--and it's always a mistake1 always1 always1 always6 ,she rocked herself slightly from side to side4 ,i'm a fool1 it's the truth1 or ,i wouldn't have come to-night4 ,i want to be attractive--,i want to be in things4 ,i want to laugh as they do-- ,to laugh1 just to laugh1 and not because there's something funny8 ,yes1 ,i do1 ,i do6 ,and to know how to dress and to wear my hair--there must be some place where you can learn those things4 ,i've never had any one to show me6 ,it's only lately ,i've cared1 but ,i'm seventeen1 ,joe-- ,she faltered1 came to a stop1 and her whole body was shaken with sobs4 ,i hate myself so for crying--for everything6 ,just then a colored waiter1 smiling graciously1 came out upon the porch1 bearing a tray of salad1 hot oysters1 and coffee4 ,at his approach1 ,joe had fallen prone on the floor in the shadow4 ,ariel shook her head to the proffer of refreshments4 ,i don't want any1 she murmured4 ,the waiter turned away in pity and was reentering the window when a passionate whisper fell upon his ear as well as upon ,ariel's4 ,take it6 ,ma'am8 said the waiter4 ,i've changed my mind1 she replied quickly4 ,the waiter1 his elation restored1 gave of his viands with the vsuperfluous bounty loved by his race when distributing the product of the wealthy4 ,when he had gone1 ,give me everything that's hot1 said ,joe4 ,you can keep the salad4 ,i couldn't eat it or anything else1 she answered1 thrusting the plate between the palms4 ,for a time there was silence4 ,from within the house came the continuous babble of voices and laughter1 the clink of vcutlery on china4 ,the young people spent a long time over their supper4 ,by and by the waiter returned to the veranda1 deposited a plate of colored ices upon ,ariel's knees with a noble gesture1 and departed4 ,no ice for me1 said ,joe4 ,won't you please go now8 she entreated4 ,it wouldn't be good manners1 he joked4 ,they might think ,i only came for the supper4 ,give me the dish and coffee-cup1 she whispered1 impatiently4 ,suppose the waiter came and had to look for them8 ,quick6 ,a bottle-shaped figure appeared in the window1 and she had no time to take the plate and cup which were being pushed through the palm-leaves4 ,she whispered a word of warning1 and the dishes were hurriedly withdrawn as ,norbert ,flitcroft1 wearing a solemn expression of injury1 came out upon the veranda4 ,they want you4 ,some one's come for you4 ,oh1 is grandfather waiting8 ,she rose4 ,it isn't your grandfather that has come for you1 answered the fat one1 slowly4 ,it is ,eskew ,arp4 ,something's happened4 ,she looked at him for a moment1 beginning to tremble violently1 her eyes growing wide with fright4 ,is my grandfather--is he sick8 ,you'd better go and see4 ,old ,eskew's waiting in the hall4 ,he'll tell you4 ,she was by him and through the window instantly4 ,mr4 ,arp was waiting in the hall1 talking in a low voice to ,mrs4 ,pike4 ,your grandfather's all right1 he told the frightened girl quickly4 ,he sent me for you4 ,just hurry and get your things4 ,she was with him again in a moment1 and seizing the old man's arm1 hurried him down the steps and toward the street almost at a run4 ,you're not telling me the truth1 she said4 ,you're not telling me the truth6 ,nothing has happened to ,roger ,tabor1 panted ,mr4 ,arp4 ,we're going this way1 not that4 ,they had come to the gate1 and as she turned to the right he pulled her sharply to the left4 ,where are we going8 she demanded4 ,to your ,uncle ,jonas's4 ,why8 she cried1 in supreme astonishment4 ,what do you want to take me there for8 ,don't you know that he doesn't like me--that he has stopped speaking to me8 ,yes1 said the old man1 grimly2 he has stopped speaking to everybody4 ,these startling words told ,ariel that her uncle was dead4 ,they did not tell her what she was soon to learn--that he had died rich1 and that1 failing other heirs1 she and her grandfather had inherited his fortune4 ,,ii ,it was ,sunday in ,canaan--,sunday some years later4 ,joe ,louden was sitting in the shade of ,main ,street bridge1 smoking a cigar4 ,he was alone2 he was always alone1 for he had been away a long time1 and had made few friends since his return4 ,a breeze wandered up the river and touched the leaves and grass to life4 ,the young corn1 deep green in the bottom-land1 moved with a vstaccato flurry2 the stirring air brought a smell of blossoms2 the distance took on faint lavender hazes which blended the outlines of the fields1 lying like square coverlets on the long slope of rising ground beyond the bottom-land1 and empurpled the blue woodland shadows of the groves4 ,for the first time it struck ,joe that it was a beautiful day4 ,he opened his eyes and looked about him whimsically4 ,then he shook his head again4 ,a lady had just emerged from the bridge and was coming toward him4 ,it would be hard to get at ,joe's first impressions of her4 ,we can find conveyance for only the broadest and heaviest4 ,at first sight of her1 there was preeminently the shock of seeing anything so exquisite in his accustomed world4 ,for she was exquisite2 she was that1 and much more1 from the ivory vferrule of the parasol she carried1 to the light and slender foot-print she left in the dust of the road4 ,joe knew at once that nothing like her had ever before been seen in ,canaan4 ,he had little knowledge of the millinery arts1 and he needed none to see the harmony of the things she wore4 ,her dress and hat and gloves and parasol showed a pale lavender overtint like that which he had seen overspreading the western slope4 ,under the summer hat her very dark hair swept back over the temples with something near trimness in the extent to which it was withheld from being fluffy4 ,it may be that this approach to trimness1 after all1 was the true key to the mystery of the lady who appeared to ,joe4 ,she was to pass him--so he thought--and as she drew nearer1 his breath came faster4 ,and then he realized that something wonderful was happening to him4 ,she had stopped directly in front of him2 stopped and stood looking at him with her clear eyes4 ,he did not lift his own to her2 a great and unaccountable shyness beset him4 ,he had risen and removed his hat1 trying not to clear his throat--his everyday sense urging upon him that she was a stranger in ,canaan who had lost her way4 ,can ,i--can ,i-- he stammered1 blushing1 meaning to finish with direct you1 or show you the way4 ,then he looked at her again and saw what seemed to him the strangest sight of life4 ,the lady's eyes had filled with tears--filled and overfilled4 ,i'll sit here on the log with you1 she said4 ,you don't need to dust it6 she went on1 tremulously4 ,and even then he did not know who she was4 ,there was a silence1 for if the dazzled young man could have spoken at all1 he could have found nothing to say2 and1 perhaps1 the lady would not trust her own voice just then4 ,his eyes had fallen again2 he was too dazed1 and1 in truth1 too panic-stricken now1 to look at her4 ,she was seated beside him and had handed him her parasol in a little way which seemed to imply that1 of course1 he had reached for it1 so that it was to be seen how used she was to have all such things done for her4 ,he saw that he was expected to furl the dainty thing2 he pressed the catch and let down the top timidly1 as if fearing to break or tear it2 and1 as it closed1 held near his face1 he caught a very faint1 sweet1 spicy vemanation from it like wild roses and cinnamon4 ,do you know me8 asked the lady at last4 ,for answer he could only stare at her1 dumfounded2 he lifted an unsteady hand toward her appealingly4 ,her manner underwent an ,april change4 ,she drew back lightly2 he was favored with the most delicious low laugh he had ever heard4 ,i'm glad you're the same1 ,joe6 she said4 ,i'm glad you're the same1 and ,i'm glad ,i've changed1 though that isn't why you have forgotten me4 ,he arose uncertainly and took three or four backward steps from her4 ,she sat before him1 radiant with laughter1 the loveliest creature he had ever seen2 but between him and this charming vision there swept1 through the warm1 scented ,june air1 the dim picture of a veranda all in darkness and the faint music of violins4 ,ariel ,tabor6 ,isn't it about time you were recognizing me8 she said4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sensations were rare in staid1 dull1 commonplace ,canaan1 but this fine ,sunday morning the town was treated to one of the most memorable sensations in its history4 ,the town1 all except ,joe ,louden1 had known for weeks that ,ariel ,tabor was coming home from abroad1 but it had not seen her4 ,and when she walked along the street with ,joe1 past the ,sunday church-returning crowds1 it is not quite truth to say that all except the children came to a dead halt1 but it is not very far from it4 ,the air was thick with subdued exclamations and whisperings4 ,joe had not known her4 ,the women recognized her1 vinfallibly1 at first sight2 even those who had quite forgotten her4 ,and the women told their men4 ,hence the un-,sunday-like demeanor of the procession1 for few towns held it more unseemly to stand and stare at passers-by1 especially on the ,sabbath4 ,but ,ariel ,tabor had returned4 ,a low but increasing murmur followed the two as they proceeded4 ,it ran up the street ahead of them2 people turned to look back and paused1 so that ,ariel and ,joe had to walk round one or two groups4 ,they had1 also1 to walk round ,norbert ,flitcroft1 which was very like walking round a group4 ,mr4 ,flitcroft was one of the few 7he was waddling home alone7 who did not identify ,miss ,tabor1 and her effect upon him was extraordinary4 ,his mouth opened and he gazed vstodgily1 his widening eyes like sun-dogs coming out of a fog4 ,mr4 ,flitcroft experienced a few moments of trance2 came out of it stricken through and through2 felt nervously of his tie2 resolutely fell in behind1 and followed1 at a distance of some forty paces1 determined to learn what household this heavenly visitor honored1 and thrilling with the intention to please that same household with his own presence as soon and as often as possible4 ,ariel flushed a little when she perceived the extent of their conspicuousness2 but it was not the blush that ,joe remembered had reddened the tanned skin of old2 for her brownness had gone long ago1 though it had not left her merely pink and white4 ,there was a delicate rosiness rising from her cheeks to her temples1 as the earliest dawn rises4 ,joe kept trying to realize that this lady of wonder was ,ariel ,tabor1 but he could not2 he could not connect the shabby ,ariel1 whom he had treated as one boy treats another1 with this young woman of the world4 ,although he had only a dim perception of the staring and whispering which greeted and followed them1 ,ariel1 of course1 was thoroughly aware of it1 though the only sign she gave was the slight blush1 which very soon disappeared4 ,ariel paused before the impressive front of ,judge ,pike's large mansion4 ,joe's face expressed surprise4 ,don't you know8 she said4 ,i'm staying here4 ,judge ,pike has charge of all my property4 ,come to see me this afternoon4 ,with a last charming smile1 ,ariel turned and left the dazed young man on the sidewalk4 ,that walk was but the beginning of her triumph4 ,judge ,pike's of a summer afternoon was the swirling social center of ,canaan1 but on that particular ,sunday afternoon every unattached male in the town who possessed the privilege of calling at the big house appeared4 ,they filled the chairs in the wide old-fashioned hall where ,ariel received them1 and overpoured on the broad steps of the old-fashioned spiral staircase1 where ,mr4 ,flitcroft1 on account of his size1 occupied two steps and a portion of a third4 ,and ,ariel was the center of it all6 ,,booth ,,tarkington4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,i4 ,describe ,ariel's pitiful attempts at beautifying herself when dressing for the dance4 ,when did she realize her failure8 ,how were her anticipations of the dance realized8 ,what kind of girl was ,mamie ,pike8 ,give reasons for your answer4 ,at what point were you most sorry for ,ariel8 ,with what startling news did the evening end8 ,,ii4 ,give an account of the meeting between the old playmates4 ,describe the scenes as they walked along the street4 ,what do you think was the greatest part of ,ariel's triumph8 ,was she spoiled by her wealth8 ,how do you know8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,little ,women--,louisa ,m4 ,alcott4 ,pride and ,prejudice--,jane ,austen4 ,,footnote3 #ada-99 ,copyright by ,harper ,brothers4 ,,the ,,cloud ,i bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers1 ,from the seas and the streams2 ,i bear light shade for the leaves when laid ,in their noonday dreams4 ,from my wings are shaken the dews that waken ,the sweet buds every one1 ,when rocked to rest on their mother's breast1 ,as she dances about the sun4 ,i wield the flail of the lashing hail1 ,and whiten the green plains under2 ,and then again ,i dissolve it in rain2 ,and laugh as ,i pass in thunder4 ,i sift the snow on the mountains below1 ,and their great pines groan aghast2 ,and all the night 'tis my pillow white1 ,while ,i sleep in the arms of the blast4 ,sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers ,lightning1 my pilot1 sits2 ,in a cavern under is fettered the thunder2 ,it struggles and howls at fits4 ,over earth and ocean1 with gentle motion1 ,this pilot is guiding me1 ,lured by the love of the vgenii that move ,in the depths of the purple sea2 ,over the rills and the crags and the hills1 ,over the lakes and the plains1 ,wherever he dream1 under mountain or stream4 ,the spirit he loves remains2 ,and ,i all the while bask in heaven's blue smile1 ,whilst he is dissolving in rains4 ,i am the daughter of the earth and water1 ,and the nursling of the sky2 ,i pass through the pores of the ocean and shores2 ,i change1 but ,i cannot die4 ,for after the rain1 when1 with never a stain1 ,the pavilion of heaven is bare1 ,and the winds and sunbeams1 with their convex gleams1 ,build up the blue dome of air1-- ,i silently laugh at my own cenotaph1 ,and out of the caverns of rain1 ,i rise and unbuild it again4 ,,percy ,,bysshe ,,shelley4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,make a list of the things the cloud does4 ,read aloud the lines in which the poet tells of each of these4 ,why is lightning spoken of as the pilot of the cloud8 ,where does it sit8 ,where is the thunder8 ,how is the cloud the daughter of the earth and water8 ,how a nursling of the sky8 ,explain ,i change1 but ,i cannot die4 ,a cenotaph is a memorial built to one who is buried elsewhere4 ,why should the clear sky be the cloud's cenotaph8 ,how does the reappearing of the cloud unbuild it8 ,,new ,,england ,,weather ,there is a vsumptuous variety about the ,new ,england weather that compels the stranger's admiration--and regret4 ,the weather is always doing something there2 always attending strictly to business2 always getting up new designs and trying them on the people to see how they will go4 ,but it gets through more business in spring than in any other season4 ,in the spring ,i have counted one hundred and thirty-six different kinds of weather within four and twenty hours4 ,it was ,i who made the fame and fortune of the man who had that marvelous collection of weather on exhibition at the ,centennial1 which so astounded the foreigners4 ,he was going to travel around the world and get specimens from all climes4 ,i said1 ,don't do it2 just come to ,new ,england on a favorable spring day4 ,i told him what we could do in the way of style1 variety1 and quantity4 ,well1 he came1 and he made his collection in four days4 ,as to variety1 he confessed that he got hundreds of kinds of weather that he had never heard of before4 ,and as to quantity1 after he had picked out and discarded all that was blemished in any way1 he not only had weather enough1 but weather to spare1 weather to hire out1 weather to sell1 weather to deposit1 weather to invest1 and weather to give to the poor4 ,old ,probabilities has a mighty reputation for accurate prophecy and thoroughly deserves it4 ,you take up the paper and observe how crisply and confidently he checks off what to-day's weather is going to be on the ,pacific1 down ,south1 in the ,middle ,states1 in the ,wisconsin region4 ,see him sail along in the joy and pride of his power till he gets to ,new ,england1 and then see his tail drop4 ,he doesn't know what the weather is going to be in ,new ,england4 ,well1 he mulls over it1 and by and by he gets out something like this3 ,probable northeast to southwest winds1 varying to the southward and westward and eastward and points between2 high and low barometer1 swapping around from place to place2 probable areas of rain1 snow1 hail1 and drought1 succeeded or preceded by earthquakes with thunder and lightning4 ,then he jots down this postscript from his wandering mind1 to cover accidents3 ,but it is possible that the program may be wholly changed in the meantime4 ,yes1 one of the brightest gems in the ,new ,england weather is the dazzling uncertainty of it4 ,there is certain to be plenty of weather1 but you never can tell which end of the procession is going to move first4 ,but1 after all1 there are at least two or three things about that weather 7or1 if you please1 the effects produced by it7 which we residents would not like to part with4 ,if we hadn't our bewitching autumn foliage1 we should still have to credit the weather with one feature which compensates for all its bullying vagaries--the ice storm4 ,every bough and twig is strung with ice beads1 frozen dewdrops1 and the whole tree sparkles cold and white like the v,shah of ,persia's diamond plume4 ,then the wind waves the branches1 and the sun comes out and turns all those myriads of beads and drops to prisms that glow and burn and flash with all manner of colored fires2 which change and change again1 with inconceivable rapidity1 from blue to red1 from red to green1 and green to gold4 ,the tree becomes a spraying fountain1 a very explosion of dazzling jewels1 and it stands there the vacme1 the climax1 the supremest possibility in art or nature1 of bewildering1 intoxicating1 intolerable magnificence4 ,one cannot make the words too strong4 ,month after month ,i lay up hate and grudge against the ,new ,england weather2 but when the ice storm comes at last ,i say3 ,there1 ,i forgive you now2 you are the most enchanting weather in the world4 ,,mark ,,twain4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,mark ,twain's humor was noted for exaggeration4 ,find examples of exaggeration in this selection4 ,old ,probabilities was the name signed by a weather prophet of the period4 ,how was he affected by ,new ,england weather8 ,at what point did ,twain drop his fun and begin a beautiful tribute to a ,new ,england landscape8 ,how does the tribute close8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,three ,men in a ,boat--,jerome ,k4 ,jerome4 ,the ,house ,boat on the ,styx--,john ,kendrick ,bangs4 ,illustration3 ,silence ,deep and ,white ,,the ,,first ,,snowfall ,the snow had begun in the gloaming1 ,and busily all the night ,had been heaping fields and highway ,with a silence deep and white4 ,every pine and fir and hemlock ,wore ermine too dear for an earl1 ,and the poorest twig on the elm tree ,was ridged inch deep with pearl4 ,from sheds new roofed with ,carrara ,came chanticleer's muffled crow1 ,the stiff rails were softened to swan's-down ,and still fluttered down the snow4 ,i stood and watched by the window ,that noiseless work of the sky1 ,and the sudden flurries of snowbirds1 ,like brown leaves whirling by4 ,i thought of a mound in sweet ,auburn ,where a little headstone stood2 ,how the flakes were folding it gently1 ,as did robins the babes in the wood4 ,up spoke our own little ,mabel1 ,saying1 ,father1 who makes it snow8 ,and ,i told of the good ,all-,father ,who cares for us here below4 ,again ,i looked at the snowfall1 ,and thought of the leaden sky ,that arched o'er our first great sorrow1 ,when that mound was heaped so high4 ,i remembered the gradual patience ,that fell from that cloud like snow1 ,flake by flake1 healing and hiding ,the scar on our deep-plunged woe4 ,and again to the child ,i whispered1 ,the snow that husheth all1 ,darling1 the merciful ,father ,alone can make it fall4 ,then1 with eyes that saw not1 ,i kissed her2 ,and she1 kissing back1 could not know ,that my kiss was given to her sister1 ,folded close under deepening snow4 ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,when did the snow begin8 ,how do you know8 ,what time is it now8 ,is snow still falling8 ,read the lines that show this4 ,of what sorrow does the snow remind the poet8 ,read the lines which show that peace had come to the parents4 ,make a list of the comparisons 7or similes7 used by the poet4 ,read the lines which show that the storm was a quiet one4 ,which lines do you like best8 ,,old ,,ephraim ,for some days after our arrival on the ,bighorn range we did not come across any grizzly4 ,there were plenty of black-tail deer in the woods1 and we encountered a number of bands of cow and calf elk1 or of young bulls2 but after several days' hunting1 we were still without any game worth taking home1 and we had seen no sign of grizzly1 which was the game we were especially anxious to kill1 for neither ,merrifield nor ,i had ever seen a bear alive4 ,sometimes we hunted in company2 sometimes each of us went out alone4 ,one day we had separated2 ,i reached camp early in the afternoon1 and waited a couple of hours before ,merrifield put in an appearance4 ,at last ,i heard a shout1 and he came in sight galloping at speed down an open glade1 and waving his hat1 evidently having had good luck2 and when he reined in his small1 wiry cow-pony1 we saw that he had packed behind his saddle the fine1 glossy pelt of a black bear4 ,better still1 he announced that he had been off about ten miles to a perfect tangle of ravines and valleys where bear sign was very thick2 and not of black bear either1 but of grizzly4 ,the black bear 7the only one we got on the mountains7 he had run across by accident4 ,merrifield's tale made me decide to shift camp at once1 and go over to the spot where the bear-tracks were plentiful4 ,next morning we were off1 and by noon pitched camp by a clear brook1 in a valley with steep1 wooded sides4 ,that afternoon we again went out1 and ,i shot a fine bull elk4 ,i came home alone toward nightfall1 walking through a reach of burnt forest1 where there was nothing but charred tree-trunks and black mold4 ,when nearly through it ,i came across the huge1 half-human footprints of a great grizzly1 which must have passed by within a few minutes4 ,it gave me rather an eery feeling in the silent1 lonely woods1 to see for the first time the unmistakable proofs that ,i was in the home of the mighty lord of the wilderness4 ,that evening we almost had a visit from one of the animals we were after4 ,several times we had heard at night the musical calling of the bull elk--a sound to which no writer has as yet done justice4 ,this particular night1 when we were in bed and the fire was smoldering1 we were roused by a ruder noise--a kind of grunting or roaring whine1 answered by the frightened snorts of the ponies4 ,it was a bear which had evidently not seen the fire1 as it came from behind the bank1 and had probably been attracted by the smell of the horses4 ,after it made out what we were1 it stayed round a short while1 again uttered its peculiar roaring grunt1 and went off2 we had seized our rifles and had run out into the woods1 but in the darkness could see nothing2 indeed it was rather lucky we did not stumble across the bear1 as he could have made short work of us when we were at such a disadvantage4 ,next day we went off on a long tramp through the woods and along the sides of the canyons4 ,there were plenty of berry bushes growing in clusters2 and all around these there were fresh tracks of bear4 ,but the grizzly is also a flesh-eater1 and has a great liking for vcarrion4 ,on visiting the place where ,merrifield had killed the black bear1 we found that the grizzlies had been there before us1 and had utterly devoured the carcass1 with cannibal relish4 ,hardly a scrap was left1 and we turned our steps toward where lay the bull elk ,i had killed4 ,it was quite late in the afternoon when we reached the place4 ,a grizzly had evidently been at the carcass during the preceding night1 for his great footprints were in the ground all around it1 and the carcass itself was gnawed and torn1 and partially covered with earth and leaves--the grizzly has a curious habit of burying all of his prey that he does not at the moment need4 ,the forest was composed mainly of what are called ridge-pole pines1 which grow close together1 and do not branch out until the stems are thirty or forty feet from the ground4 ,beneath these trees we walked over a carpet of pine needles1 upon which our moccasined feet made no sound4 ,the woods seemed vast and lonely1 and their silence was broken now and then by the strange noises always to be heard in the great pine forests4 ,we climbed up along the trunk of a dead tree that had toppled over until its upper branches struck in the limb crotch of another1 which thus supported it at an angle half-way in its fall4 ,when above the ground far enough to prevent the bear's smelling us1 we sat still to wait for his approach2 until1 in the gathering gloom1 we could no longer see the sights of our rifles4 ,it was useless to wait longer2 and we clambered down and stole out to the edge of the woods4 ,the forest here covered one side of a steep1 almost canyon-like ravine1 whose other side was bare except for rock and sage-brush4 ,once out from under the trees there was still plenty of light1 although the sun had set1 and we crossed over some fifty yards to the opposite hillside1 and crouched down under a bush to see if perchance some animal might not also leave the cover4 ,again we waited quietly in the growing dusk until the pine trees in our front blended into one dark1 frowning mass4 ,at last1 as we were rising to leave1 we heard the sound of the breaking of a dead stick1 from the spot where we knew the carcass lay4 ,old ,ephraim had come back to the carcass4 ,a minute afterward1 listening with strained ears1 we heard him brush by some dry twigs4 ,it was entirely too dark to go in after him2 but we made up our minds that on the morrow he should be ours4 ,early next morning we were over at the elk carcass1 and1 as we expected1 found that the bear had eaten his fill of it during the night4 ,his tracks showed him to be an immense fellow1 and were so fresh that we doubted if he had left long before we arrived2 and we made up our minds to follow him up and try to find his lair4 ,the bears that lived on these mountains had evidently been little disturbed2 indeed1 the ,indians and most of the white hunters are rather chary of meddling with ,old ,ephraim1 as the mountain men style the grizzly4 ,the bears thus seemed to have very little fear of harm1 and we thought it likely that the bed of the one who had fed on the elk would not be far away4 ,my companion was a skillful tracker1 and we took up the trail at once4 ,for some distance it led over the soft1 yielding carpet of moss and pine needles1 and the footprints were quite easily made out1 although we could follow them but slowly2 for we had1 of course1 to keep a sharp look-out ahead and around us as we walked noiselessly on in the somber half-light always prevailing under the great pine trees4 ,after going a few hundred yards the tracks turned off on a well-beaten path made by the elk2 the woods were in many places cut up by these game trails1 which had often become as distinct as ordinary footpaths4 ,the beast's footprints were perfectly plain in the dust1 and he had lumbered along up the path until near the middle of the hillside1 where the ground broke away and there were hollows and boulders4 ,here there had been a windfall1 and the dead trees lay among the living1 piled across one another in all directions2 while between and around them sprouted up a thick growth of young spruces and other evergreens4 ,the trail turned off into the tangled thicket1 within which it was almost certain we should find our quarry4 ,we could still follow the tracks1 by the slight scrapes of the claws on the bark1 or by the bent and broken twigs2 and we advanced with noiseless caution4 ,when in the middle of the thicket we crossed what was almost a breastwork of fallen logs1 and ,merrifield1 who was leading1 passed by the upright stem of a great pine4 ,as soon as he was by it1 he sank suddenly on one knee1 turning half round1 his face fairly aflame with excitement2 and as ,i strode past him1 with my rifle at the ready1 there1 not ten steps off1 was the great bear1 slowly rising from his bed among the young spruces4 ,he had heard us1 but apparently hardly knew exactly where or what we were1 for he reared up on his haunches sideways to us4 ,then he saw us and dropped down again on all-fours1 the shaggy hair on his neck and shoulders seeming to bristle as he turned toward us4 ,as he sank down on his fore feet1 ,i had raised the rifle2 his head was bent slightly down1 and when ,i saw the top of the white bead fairly between his small1 glittering1 evil eyes1 ,i pulled trigger4 ,half-rising up1 the huge beast fell over on his side in the death throes1 the ball having gone into his brain1 striking as fairly between the eyes as if the distance had been measured4 ,the whole thing was over in twenty seconds from the time ,i caught sight of the game2 indeed1 it was over so quickly that the grizzly did not have time to show fight4 ,he was a monstrous fellow1 much larger than any ,i have seen since4 ,as near as we could estimate1 he must have weighed above twelve hundred pounds4 ,,theodore ,,roosevelt4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,theodore ,roosevelt1 ,president of the ,united ,states from #aija to #aiji1 was one of the greatest hunters of the present generation4 ,as he was in weak health as a young man1 he went ,west and lived for some time the life of a ranchman and hunter1 killing much wild game4 ,in later years he went on a great hunting trip to ,africa1 and finally explored the wilds of the ,amazon river1 in ,south ,america1 in search of game and adventure4 ,old ,ephraim narrates one of his earlier hunting experiences1 and is taken from the book1 ,the ,hunting ,trips of a ,ranchman4 ,give an account of the capture of the grizzly bear4 ,why did not ,merrifield fire8 ,compare the weight of the bear with that of the average cow or horse4 ,tell of any bear hunt of which you know4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,watchers of the ,trail--,charles ,c4 ,d4 ,roberts4 ,monarch1 the ,bear--,ernest ,thompson ,seton4 ,wild ,animals ,i ,have ,known--,ernest ,thompson ,seton4 ,african ,game ,trails--,theodore ,roosevelt4 ,,midwinter ,the speckled sky is dim with snow1 ,the light flakes falter and fall slow2 ,athwart the hill-top1 rapt and pale1 ,silently drops a silvery veil2 ,and all the valley is shut in ,by flickering curtains gray and thin4 ,but cheerily the chickadee ,singeth to me on fence and tree2 ,the snow sails round him as he sings1 ,white as the down of angels' wings4 ,i watch the slow flakes as they fall ,on bank and briar and broken wall2 ,over the orchard1 waste and brown1 ,all noiselessly they settle down1 ,tipping the apple-boughs1 and each ,light quivering twig of plum and peach4 ,on turf and curb and bower-roof ,the snow-storm spreads its ivory woof2 ,it paves with pearl the garden-walk2 ,and lovingly round tattered stalk ,and shivering stem its magic weaves ,a mantle fair as lily-leaves4 ,all day it snows3 the sheeted post ,gleams in the dimness like a ghost2 ,all day the blasted oak has stood ,a muffled wizard of the wood2 ,garland and airy cap adorn ,the sumach and the wayside thorn1 ,and clustering spangles lodge and shine ,in the dark tresses of the pine4 ,the ragged bramble1 dwarfed and old1 ,shrinks like a beggar in the cold2 ,in vsurplice white the cedar stands1 ,and blesses him with priestly hands4 ,still cheerily the chickadee ,singeth to me on fence and tree3 ,but in my inmost ear is heard ,the music of a holier bird2 ,and heavenly thoughts as soft and white ,as snow-flakes on my soul alight1 ,clothing with love my lonely heart1 ,healing with peace each bruised part1 ,till all my being seems to be ,transfigured by their purity4 ,,john ,,townsend ,,trowbridge4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,when did this storm begin8 ,read lines which show this4 ,give reasons for your answer4 ,what comparisons are used by the poet in describing the snowfall8 ,which comparison do you like best8 ,what healing thought does the storm bring to the poet8 ,compare it with the same thought in ,the ,first ,snowfall4 ,a ,,georgia ,,fox ,,hunt#agg-99 ,i ,in the season of #ahfc1 the ,rockville ,hunting ,club1 which had been newly organized1 was at the height of its success4 ,it was composed of men too old to go in the army1 and of young men who were not old enough1 or who1 from one cause and another1 were exempted from military service4 ,ostensibly1 its object was to encourage the noble sport of fox-hunting and to bind by closer ties the congenial souls whose love for horse and hound and horn bordered on enthusiasm4 ,this1 ,i say1 was its vostensible object1 for it seems to me1 looking back upon that terrible time1 that the main purpose of the association was to devise new methods of forgetting the sickening vportents of disaster that were even then thick in the air4 ,any suggestion or plan calculated to relieve the mind from the weight of the horror of those desperate days was eagerly seized upon and utilized4 ,with the old men and the fledgling boys in the neighborhood of ,rockville1 the desire to escape momentarily the realities of the present took the shape of fox-hunting and other congenial amusements4 ,with the women--ah well6 ,heaven only knows how they sat dumb and silent over their great anguish and grief1 cheering the helpless and comforting and succoring the sick and wounded4 ,it was a mystery to me then1 and it is a mystery to me now4 ,about the first of ,november the writer hereof received a long-expected letter from ,tom ,tunison1 the secretary of the club1 who was on a visit to ,monticello4 ,it was brief and breezy4 ,young man1 he wrote1 they are coming4 ,they are going to give us a vruffle4 ,their dogs are good1 but they lack form and finish as well as discipline--plenty of bottom but no confidence4 ,i haven't hesitated to put up our horn as the prize4 ,get the boys together and tell them about it1 and see that our own eleven are in fighting trim4 ,you won't believe it1 but ,sue1 ,herndon1 ,kate1 and ,walthall are coming with the party2 and the fair de ,compton1 who set all the ,monticello boys wild last year when she got back from ,macon1 vows and declares she is coming1 too4 ,remember the #aeth4 ,be prepared4 ,i took in the situation at a glance4 ,tom1 in his reckless style1 had bantered a party of ,jasper county men as to the superiority of their dogs1 and had even offered to give them an opportunity to gain the silver-mounted horn won by the ,rockville club in ,hancock county the year before4 ,the ,jasper county men1 who were really breeding some excellent dogs1 accepted the challenge1 and ,tom had invited them to share the hospitality of the plantation home called ,bachelors' ,hall4 ,if the truth must be confessed1 ,i was not at all grieved at the announcement in ,tom's letter1 apart from the agreeable change in the social atmosphere that would result from the presence of ladies in ,bachelors' ,hall4 ,i was eagerly anxious to test the mettle of a favorite hound--,flora--whose care and training had cost me a great deal of time and trouble4 ,although it was her first season in the field1 she had already become the pet and pride of the ,rockville club1 the members of which were not slow to sound her praises4 ,flora was an experiment4 ,she was the result of a cross between the ,henry hound 7called in ,georgia the ,birdsong dog1 in honor of the most successful breeder7 and a ,maryland hound4 ,she was a grand-daughter of the famous ,hodo and in everything except her color 7she was white with yellow ears7 was the exact reproduction of that magnificent fox-hound4 ,i was anxious to see her put to the test4 ,it was with no small degree of satisfaction1 therefore1 that ,i informed ,aunt ,patience1 the cook1 of ,tom's programme4 ,aunt ,patience was a privileged character1 whose comments upon people and things were free and frequent2 when she heard that a party of hunters1 accompanied by ladies1 proposed to make the hall their temporary headquarters1 her remarks were ludicrously indignant4 ,well1 ef dat ,marse ,tom ain't de beatinest white man dat ,i ever sot eyes on--'way off yander givin' way his vittles fo' he buy um at de sto'6 ,how ,i know what ,marse ,tom want1 an' tel ,i know1 whar ,i gwineter git um8 ,he better be home yer lookin' atter deze lazy niggers1 stidder high-flyin' wid dem ,jasper county folks4 ,ef dez enny vittles on dis plan'ash'n1 hits more'n ,i knows un4 ,en he'll go runnin' roun' wid dem harum-skarum gals twell ,i boun' he don't fetch dat pipe an' dat 'backer what he said he would4 ,can't fool me 'bout de gals what grows up deze days4 ,dey duz like dey wanter stan' up an' cuss dersef' case dey wuzent borned men4 ,why1 ,aunt ,patience1 your ,marse ,tom says ,miss de ,compton is as pretty as a pink and as fine as a fiddle4 ,law1 chile6 you needn't talk 'bout de gals to dis ole 'omen4 ,i done know um fo' you wuz borned4 ,w'en you see ,miss ,compton you see all de balance un um4 ,deze is new times4 ,marse ,tom's mammy useter spin her fifteen cents o' wool a day--w'en you see ,miss ,compton wid a hank er yarn in 'er han'1 you jes' sen' me word4 ,whereupon1 ,aunt ,patience gave her head handkerchief a vigorous wrench1 and went her way--the good old soul--even then considering how she should best set about preparing a genuine surprise for her young master in the shape of daily feasts for a dozen guests4 ,i will not stop here to detail the character of this preparation or to dwell upon its success4 ,it is enough to say that ,tom ,tunison praised ,aunt ,patience to the skies2 and1 as if this were not sufficient to make her happy1 he produced a big clay pipe1 three plugs of real manufac terbacker1 which was hard to get in those times1 a red shawl1 and twelve yards of calico4 ,the fortnight that followed the arrival of ,tom's guests was one long to be remembered1 not only in the vannals of the ,rockville ,hunting ,club but in the annals of ,rockville itself4 ,the fair de ,compton literally turned the heads of old men and young boys1 and even succeeded in conquering the critics of her own sex4 ,she was marvelously beautiful1 and her beauty was of a kind to haunt one in one's dreams4 ,it was easy to perceive that she had made a conquest of ,tom1 and ,i know that every suggestion he made and every project he planned had for its sole end and aim the enjoyment of ,miss ,carrie de ,compton4 ,it was several days before the minor details of the contest1 which was at once the excuse for and the object of the visit of ,tom's guests1 could be arranged1 but finally everything was vamicably adjusted1 and the day appointed4 ,the night before the hunt1 the club and the ,jasper county visitors assembled in ,tom ,tunison's parlor for a final discussion of the event4 ,in order1 said ,tom1 to give our friends and guests an opportunity fully to test the speed and bottom of their kennels1 it has been decided to pay our respects to ',old ,sandy'4 ,and pray1 ,mr4 ,tunison1 who is ',old ,sandy'8 queried ,miss de ,compton4 ,he is a fox1 ,miss de ,compton1 and a tough one4 ,he is a trained fox4 ,he has been hunted so often by the inferior packs in his neighborhood that he is well-nigh vinvincible4 ,he is so well known that he has not been hunted1 except by accident1 for two seasons4 ,he is not as suspicious as he was two years ago1 but we must be careful if we want to get within hearing distance of him to-morrow morning4 ,do any of the ladies go with us8 asked ,jack ,herndon4 ,i go1 for one1 responded ,miss de ,compton1 and in a few minutes all the ladies had decided to go along1 even if they found it inconvenient to participate actively in the hunt4 ,then1 said ,tom1 rising1 we must say good night4 ,uncle ,plato will sound ',boots and ,saddle' at four o'clock to-morrow morning4 ,four o'clock6 exclaimed the ladies in dismay4 ,at four precisely1 answered ,tom1 and the ladies with pretty little gestures of mock despair swept upstairs while ,tom brought out cigars for the boys4 ,my friend little knew how delighted ,i was that ,old ,sandy was to be put through his paces4 ,he little knew how carefully ,i had studied the peculiarities of this famous fox--how often when training ,flora ,i had taken her out and followed ,old ,sandy through all his ranges1 how ,i had felt of both his speed and bottom and knew all his weak points4 ,,ii ,morning came1 and with it ,uncle ,plato's bugle call4 ,aunt ,patience was ready with a smoking hot breakfast1 and everybody was in fine spirits4 ,as the eager1 happy crowd filed down the broad avenue that led to the hall1 the fair de ,compton1 who had been delayed in mounting1 rode by my side4 ,you choose your escort well1 ,i ventured to say4 ,i have a weakness for children1 she replied2 particularly for children who know what they are about4 ,plato has told me that if ,i desired to see all of the hunt without much trouble1 to follow you4 ,i am selfish1 you perceive4 ,we rode over the red hills and under the russet trees until we came to ,old ,sandy's favorite haunt4 ,here a council of war was held1 and it was decided that ,tom and a portion of the hunters should skirt the fields1 while another portion led by ,miss de ,compton and myself should enter and bid the fox good morning4 ,uncle ,plato1 who had been given the cue1 followed me with the dogs1 and in a few moments we were very near the particular spot where ,i hoped to find the venerable deceiver of dogs and men4 ,the hounds were already sallying hither and thither1 anxious and evidently expectant4 ,five minutes went by without a whimper from the pack4 ,there was not a sound save the eager rustling of the dogs through the sedge and undergrowth4 ,the ground was familiar to ,flora1 and ,i watched her with pride as with powerful strides she circled around4 ,suddenly she paused and flung her head in the air1 making a beautiful picture where she stood poised1 as if listening4 ,my heart gave a great thump4 ,it was a trick of hers1 and ,i knew that ,old ,sandy had been around within the past twenty-four hours6 ,with a rush1 a bound1 and an eager cry1 my favorite came toward us1 and the next moment ,old ,sandy1 who had been lying almost at our horses' feet1 was up and away with ,flora right at his heels4 ,a wild hope seized me that my favorite would run into the shy veteran before he could get out of the field4 ,but no6 ,one of the ,jasper county hunters1 rendered momentarily insane by excitement1 endeavored to ride the fox down with his horse1 and in another moment ,sir ,reynard was over the fence and into the woodland beyond1 followed by the hounds4 ,they made a splendid but vineffectual burst of speed1 for when ,old ,sandy found himself upon the blackjack hills he was foot-loose4 ,the morning1 however1 was fine--just damp enough to leave the scent of the fox hanging breast high in the air1 whether he shaped his course over lowlands or highlands4 ,illustration3 ,the ,beginning of the ,fox ,hunt ,in the midst of all the confusion that had ensued1 ,miss de ,compton remained cool1 serene1 and apparently indifferent1 but ,i observed a glow upon her face and a sparkle in her eyes1 as ,tom ,tunison1 riding his gallant gray and heading the hunters1 easily and gracefully took a couple of fences when the hounds veered to the left4 ,our ,jasper county friend has saved ',old ,sandy1' ,miss de ,compton1 ,i said1 but he has given us an opportunity of witnessing some very fine sport4 ,the fox is so badly frightened that he may endeavor in the beginning to outfoot the dogs1 but in the end he will return to his range1 and then ,i hope to show you what a cunning old customer he is4 ,if ,flora doesn't fail us at the critical moment1 you will have the honor of wearing his brush on your saddle4 ,youth is always confident1 replied ,miss de ,compton4 ,in this instance1 however1 ,i have the advantage of knowing both hound and fox4 ,flora has a few weaknesses1 but ,i think she understands what is expected of her to-day4 ,thus bantering and chaffing each other1 we turned our horses' heads in a direction voblique to that taken by the other hunters1 who1 with the exception of ,tom ,tunison and ,jack ,herndon1 now well up with the dogs1 were struggling along as best they could4 ,for a half mile or more we cantered down a lane1 then turned into a stubble field1 and made for a hill crowned and skirted by a growth of blackjack1 through which an occasional pine had broken1 as it seemed1 in a vain but noble effort to touch the sky4 ,once upon the summit of the hills1 we had a majestic view upon all sides4 ,the fresh morning breezes blew crisp and cool and bracing1 but were not uncomfortable after the exercise we had taken2 and as the clouds that had muffled up the east dispersed themselves or were dissolved1 the generous sun spread layer upon layer of golden light upon hill and valley and forest and stream4 ,away to the left we could hear the hounds1 and the music of their voices1 toyed with by the playful wind1 rolled itself into melodious little echoes that broke pleasantly upon the ear1 now loud1 now faint1 now far and now near4 ,the first burst of speed1 which had been terrific1 had settled down into a steady run1 but ,i knew by the sound that the pace was still tremendous1 and ,i imagined ,i could hear the silvery tongue of ,flora as she led the eager pack4 ,the cries of the hounds1 however1 grew fainter and fainter1 until presently they were lost in the distance4 ,he is making a straight shoot for the ,turner vold fields1 two miles away1 ,i remarked1 by way of explanation4 ,and pray1 why are we here8 ,miss de ,compton asked4 ,to be in at the death4 7,the fair de ,compton smiled vsarcastically47 ,in the ,turner old fields the fox will make his grand double1 gain upon the dogs1 head for yonder hill1 and come down the ravine upon our right4 ,at the fence here1 within plain view1 he will attempt a trick that has heretofore always been successful1 and which has given him a reputation as a trained fox4 ,i depend upon the intelligence of ,flora to see through ',old ,sandy's' vstrategy1 but if she hesitates a moment1 we must set her right4 ,i spoke with the confidence of one having experience1 and ,miss de ,compton smiled and was content4 ,we had little time for further conversation1 for in a few minutes ,i observed a dark shadow emerge from the undergrowth on the opposite hill and slip quickly across the open space of fallow land4 ,it crossed the ravine that intersected the valley1 stole quietly through the stubble to the fence1 and there paused a moment1 as if hesitating4 ,in a low voice ,i called ,miss de ,compton's attention to the figure1 but she refused to believe that it was the same fox we had aroused thirty minutes before4 ,howbeit1 it was the vveritable ,old ,sandy himself4 ,i should have known him among a thousand foxes4 ,he was not in as fine feather as when1 at the start1 he had swung his brush across ,flora's nose--the pace had told on him--but he still moved with an air of confidence4 ,then and there ,miss de ,compton beheld a display of fox tactics shrewd enough to excite the admiration of the most indifferent--a display of cunning that seemed to be something higher than instinct4 ,old ,sandy paused only a moment4 ,with a bound he gained the top of the fence1 stopped to pull something from one of his fore feet--probably a cockle bur--and then carefully balancing himself1 proceeded to walk the fence4 ,by this time1 the music of the dogs was again heard in the distance1 but ,old ,sandy took his time4 ,one--two--three--seven--ten--twenty panels of the fence were cleared4 ,pausing1 he again subjected his fore feet to examination1 and licked them carefully4 ,then he proceeded on his journey along the fence until he was at least one hundred yards from where he left the ground4 ,here he paused for the first time1 gathered himself together1 leaped through the air1 and rushed away4 ,as he did so1 the full note of the pack burst upon our ears as the hounds reached the brow of the hill from the lowlands on the other side4 ,upon my word6 exclaimed ,miss de ,compton2 that fox ought to go free4 ,i shall beg ,mr4 ,tunison-- ,but before she finished her sentence the dogs came into view1 and ,i could hardly restrain a shout of triumph as ,i saw ,flora running easily and unerringly far to the front4 ,behind her1 led by ,captain--and so close together that1 as ,uncle ,plato afterward remarked1 ,you mout kivver de whole caboodle wid a hoss-blanket--were the remainder of the ,tunison kennel1 while the ,jasper county hounds were strung out behind in wild but heroic confusion4 ,i felt strongly tempted to give the view-halloo1 and push ,old ,sandy to the wall at once1 but ,i knew that the fair de ,compton would regard the exploit with severe vreprobation forever after4 ,across the ravine and to the fence the dogs came1 their voices1 as they got nearer1 crashing through the silence like a chorus of demons4 ,now was the critical moment4 ,if ,flora should fail me--6 ,several of the older dogs topped the rails1 and scattered through the undergrowth4 ,flora came over with them1 made a small circle1 with her sensitive nose to the damp earth1 and then went rushing down the fence4 ,past the point where ,old ,sandy took his flying leap she ran1 turned suddenly to the left1 and came swooping back in a wide circle4 ,i had barely time to warn ,miss de ,compton that she must prepare to do a little rapid riding1 when my favorite1 with a fierce cry of delight that thrilled me through and through1 picked up the blazing vdrag1 and away we went with a scream and a shout4 ,i felt in my very bones that ,old ,sandy was doomed4 ,i had never seen ,flora so prompt and eager2 ,i had never observed the scent to be better4 ,everything was auspicious4 ,we went like the wind4 ,miss de ,compton rode well1 and the long stretches of stubble land through which the chase led were unbroken by ditch or fence4 ,the pace of the hounds was simply terrific1 and ,i knew that no fox on earth could long stand up before the white demon that led the hunt with such splendor4 ,five--ten--fifteen minutes we rushed at the heels of the rearmost dogs1 until1 suddenly1 we found ourselves in the midst of the pack4 ,the scent was lost6 ,flora ran about in wide circles1 followed by the greater portion of the dogs4 ,to the left1 to the right they went4 ,at that moment1 chancing to look back1 ,i caught a glimpse of ,old ,sandy1 broken down and bedraggled1 making his way toward a clump of briars4 ,he had played his last vtrump and lost4 ,pushed by the dogs1 he had dropped in his tracks and literally allowed them to run over him4 ,i rode at him with a shout2 there was a short1 sharp race1 and in a few moments v,la ,mort was sounded over the famous fox on the horn that the ,jasper county boys did not win4 ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,this gives a good picture of a fox hunt in the ,south in the long ago4 ,tell what you like best about it4 ,who is telling the story8 ,was he young or old8 ,how do you know8 ,what opinion do you form of the fair de ,compton8 ,see if you can get an old man1 perhaps a negro1 to tell you of a fox hunt he has seen4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,in ,ole ,virginia--,thomas ,nelson ,page4 ,old ,creole ,days--,george ,w4 ,cable4 ,swallow ,barn--,john ,p4 ,kennedy4 ,the ,prophet of the ,great ,smoky ,mountains--,charles ,egbert ,craddock4 ,,footnote3 #agg-99 ,from the ,atlanta ,constitution4 ,,rain ,,and ,,wind ,i hear the hoofs of horses ,galloping over the hill1 ,galloping on and galloping on1 ,when all the night is shrill ,with wind and rain that beats the pane-- ,and my soul with awe is still4 ,for every dripping window ,their headlong rush makes bound1 ,galloping up and galloping by1 ,then back again and around1 ,till the gusty roofs ring with their hoofs1 ,and the draughty cellars sound4 ,and then ,i hear black horsemen ,hallooing in the night2 ,hallooing and hallooing1 ,they ride o'er vale and height1 ,and the branches snap and the shutters clap ,with the fury of their flight4 ,all night ,i hear their gallop1 ,and their wild halloo's alarm2 ,the tree-tops sound and vanes go round ,in forest and on farm2 ,but never a hair of a thing is there-- ,only the wind and the storm4 ,,madison ,,julius ,,cawein4 ,,the ,,southern ,,sky ,presently the stars begin to peep out1 timidly at first1 as if to see whether the elements here below had ceased their strife1 and if the scene on earth be such as they1 from bright spheres aloft1 may shed their sweet influences upon4 ,sirius1 or that blazing world ,argus1 may be the first watcher to send down a feeble ray2 then follow another and another1 all smiling meekly2 but presently1 in the short twilight of the latitude1 the bright leaders of the starry host blaze forth in all their glory1 and the sky is decked and spangled with superb brilliants4 ,in the twinkling of an eye1 and faster than the admiring gazer can tell1 the stars seem to leap out from their hiding-places4 ,by invisible hands1 and in quick succession1 the constellations are hung out2 first of all1 and with dazzling glory1 in the azure depths of space appears the great ,southern ,cross4 ,that shining symbol lends a holy grandeur to the scene1 making it still more impressive4 ,alone in the night-watch1 after the sea-breeze has sunk to rest1 ,i have stood on deck under those beautiful skies1 gazing1 admiring1 rapt4 ,i have seen there1 above the horizon at once and shining with a splendor unknown to other latitudes1 every star of the vfirst magnitude--save only six--that is contained in the catalogue of the one hundred principal fixed stars4 ,there lies the city on the seashore1 wrapped in sleep4 ,the sky looks solid1 like a vault of steel set with diamonds4 ,the stillness below is in harmony with the silence above1 and one almost fears to speak1 lest the harsh sound of the human voice1 reverberating through those vaulted chambers of the south1 should wake up echo and drown the music that fills the soul4 ,orion is there1 just about to march down into the sea2 but ,canopus and ,sirius1 with ,castor and his twin brother1 and v,procyon1 ,argus1 and ,regulus--these are high up in their course2 they look down with great splendor1 smiling peacefully as they precede the ,southern ,cross on its western way4 ,and yonder1 farther still1 away to the south1 float the ,magellanic clouds1 and the ,coal ,sacks--those mysterious1 dark spots in the sky1 which seem as though it had been rent1 and these were holes in the azure robe of night1 looking out into the starless1 empty1 black abyss beyond4 ,one who has never watched the southern sky in the stillness of the night1 after the sea-breeze with its turmoil is done1 can have no idea of its grandeur1 beauty1 and loveliness4 ,,matthew ,,fontaine ,,maury4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,do you know any of the stars or the constellations mentioned8 ,some of them are seen in our latitude1 but the southern sky ,maury describes is south of the equator4 ,the ,southern ,cross is seen only below the equator4 ,the ,magellan ,clouds are not far from the ,south ,pole4 ,,daffodils ,i wandered lonely as a cloud ,that floats on high o'er vales and hills1 ,when all at once ,i saw a crowd1 ,a host of golden daffodils1-- ,beside the lake1 beneath the trees1 ,fluttering and dancing in the breeze4 ,continuous as the stars that shine ,and twinkle on the milky way1 ,they stretched in never-ending line ,along the margin of the bay4 ,ten thousand saw ,i at a glance1 ,tossing their heads in sprightly dance4 ,the waves beside them danced1 but they ,outdid the sparkling waves in glee1-- ,a poet could not but be gay ,in such a vjocund company4 ,i gazed1 and gazed1 but little thought ,what wealth the show to me had brought4 ,for oft1 when on my couch ,i lie1 ,in vacant or in pensive mood1 ,they flash upon that inward eye ,which is the bliss of solitude2 ,and then my heart with pleasure fills1 ,and dances with the daffodils4 ,,william ,,wordsworth4 ,,dawn ,i had occasion1 a few weeks since1 to take the early train from ,providence to ,boston2 and for this purpose ,i rose at two o'clock in the morning4 ,everything around was wrapped in darkness and hushed in silence4 ,it was a mild1 serene1 midsummer night1--the sky was without a cloud1--the winds were vwhist4 ,the moon1 then in the last quarter1 had just risen1 and the stars shone with a luster but little affected by her presence4 ,jupiter1 two hours high1 was the herald of the day2 the v,pleiades1 just above the horizon1 shed their sweet influence in the east2 ,lyra sparkled near the vzenith2 ,andromeda veiled her newly discovered glories from the naked eye in the south2 the steady ,pointers1 far beneath the pole1 looked meekly up from the depths of the north to their sovereign4 ,such was the glorious spectacle as ,i entered the train4 ,as we proceeded1 the timid approach of twilight became more perceptible2 the intense blue of the sky began to soften2 the smaller stars1 like little children1 went first to rest2 the sister-beams of the ,pleiades soon melted together2 but the bright constellations of the west and north remained unchanged4 ,steadily the wondrous transfiguration went on4 ,hands of angels1 hidden from mortal eyes1 shifted the scenery of the heavens2 the glories of night dissolved into the glories of the dawn4 ,the blue sky now turned more softly gray2 the great watch-stars shut up their holy eyes2 the east began to kindle4 ,faint streaks of purple soon blushed along the sky2 the whole celestial concave was filled with the inflowing tides of the morning light1 which came pouring down from above in one great ocean of radiance2 till at length1 as we reached the ,blue ,hills1 a flash of purple fire blazed out from above the horizon1 and turned the dewy teardrops of flower and leaf into rubies and diamonds4 ,in a few seconds1 the everlasting gates of the morning were thrown wide open1 and the lord of day1 arrayed in glories too severe for the gaze of man1 began his state4 ,i do not wonder at the superstition of the ancient v,magians1 who1 in the morning of the world1 went up to the hilltops of ,central ,asia1 and1 ignorant of the true ,god1 adored the most glorious work of ,his hand4 ,but ,i am filled with amazement1 when ,i am told that1 in this enlightened age and in the heart of the ,christian world1 there are persons who can witness this daily manifestation of the power and wisdom of the ,creator1 and yet say in their hearts1 ,there is no ,god4 ,,edward ,,everett4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,what experience did ,everett describe8 ,what impresses the mood of the early morning8 ,in what latitude did ,everett live8 ,what stars and constellations did he mention8 ,trace the steps by which he pictured the sunrise4 ,why did he not wonder at the belief of the ancient ,magians8 ,what thought does cause amazement8 ,,spring ,spring1 with that nameless vpathos in the air ,which dwells with all things fair-- ,spring1 with her golden suns and silver rain1 ,is with us once again4 ,out in the lonely woods1 the jasmine burns ,its fragrant lamps1 and turns ,into a royal court1 with green festoons1 ,the banks of dark vlagoons4 ,in the deep heart of every forest tree1 ,the blood is all aglee2 ,and there's a look about the leafless bowers1 ,as if they dreamed of flowers4 ,yet still1 on every side we trace the hand ,of ,winter in the land1 ,save where the maple reddens on the lawn1 ,flushed by the season's dawn2 ,or where1 like those strange vsemblances we find ,that age to childhood bind1 ,the elm puts on1 as if in ,nature's scorn1 ,the brown of ,autumn corn4 ,illustration3 ,the ,woods in ,spring ,as yet the turf is dark1 although you know ,that1 not a span below1 ,a thousand germs are groping through the gloom1 ,and soon will burst their tomb4 ,in gardens1 you may note1 amid the dearth1 ,the crocus breaking earth2 ,and near the snowdrop's tender white and green1 ,the violet in its screen4 ,but many gleams and showers need must pass ,along the budding grass1 ,and weeks go by1 before the enamored ,south ,shall kiss the rose's mouth4 ,still there's a sense of blossoms yet unborn1 ,in the sweet airs of morn2 ,one almost looks to see the very street ,grow purple at his feet4 ,at times1 a fragrant breeze comes floating by1 ,and brings1 you know not why1 ,a feeling as when eager crowds await ,before a palace gate ,some wondrous pageant2 and you scarce would start1 ,if from a beech's heart1 ,a blue-eyed v,dryad1 stepping forth1 should say1 ,behold me6 ,i am ,may6 ,,henry ,,timrod4 ,,among ,,the ,,cliffs ,it was a critical moment4 ,there was a stir other than that of the wind among the pine needles and dry leaves that carpeted the ground4 ,the wary wild turkeys lifted their long necks with that peculiar cry of half-doubting surprise so familiar to a sportsman1 then all was still for an instant4 ,the world was steeped in the noontide sunlight1 the mountain air tasted of the fresh vsylvan fragrance that pervaded the forest1 the foliage blamed with the red and gold of autumn1 the distant v,chilhowee heights were delicately blue4 ,that instant's doubt sealed the doom of one of the flock4 ,as the turkeys stood in momentary suspense1 the sunlight gilding their bronze feathers to a brighter sheen1 there was a movement in the dense undergrowth4 ,the flock took suddenly to wing1--a flash from among the leaves1 the sharp crack of a rifle1 and one of the birds fell heavily over the bluff and down toward the valley4 ,the young mountaineer's exclamation of triumph died in his throat4 ,he came running to the verge of the crag1 and looked down ruefully into the depths where his game had disappeared4 ,waal1 sir1 he broke forth pathetically1 this beats my time6 ,if my luck ain't enough ter make a horse laugh6 ,he did not laugh1 however2 perhaps his luck was calculated to stir only vequine risibility4 ,the cliff was almost perpendicular2 at the depth of twenty feet a narrow ledge projected1 but thence there was a sheer descent1 down1 down1 down1 to the tops of the tall trees in the valley far below4 ,as ,ethan ,tynes looked wistfully over the precipice1 he started with a sudden surprise4 ,there on the narrow ledge lay the dead turkey4 ,the sight sharpened ,ethan's regrets4 ,he had made a good shot1 and he hated to relinquish his game4 ,while he gazed in dismayed meditation1 an idea began to kindle in his brain4 ,why could he not let himself down to the ledge by those long1 strong vines that hung over the edge of the cliff8 ,it was risky1 ,ethan knew1 terribly risky4 ,but then1--if only the vines were strong6 ,he tried them again and again with all his might1 selected several of the largest1 grasped them hard and fast1 and then slipped lightly off the crag4 ,he waited motionless for a moment4 ,his movements had dislodged clods of earth and fragments of rock from the verge of the cliff1 and until these had ceased to rattle about his head and shoulders he did not begin his downward journey4 ,now and then as he went he heard the snapping of twigs1 and again a branch would break1 but the vines which supported him were tough and strong to the last4 ,almost before he knew it1 he stood upon the ledge1 and with a great sigh of relief he let the vines swing loose4 ,waal1 that warn't sech a mighty job at last4 ,but law1 if it hed been ,peter ,birt 'stid of me1 that thar wild tur-r-key would hev laid on this hyar ledge plumb till the ,jedgmint ,day6 ,he walked deftly along the ledge1 picked up the bird1 and tied it to one of the vines with a string which he took from his pocket1 intending to draw it up when he should be once more on the top of the crag4 ,these preparations complete1 he began to think of going back4 ,he caught the vines on which he had made the descent1 but before he had fairly left the ledge1 he felt that they were giving way4 ,he paused1 let himself slip back to a secure foothold1 and tried their strength by pulling with all his force4 ,presently down came the whole mass in his hands4 ,the friction against the sharp edges of the rock over which they had been stretched with a strong tension had worn them through4 ,his first emotion was one of intense thankfulness that they had fallen while he was on the ledge instead of midway in his vprecarious ascent4 ,ef they hed kem down whilst ,i war a-goin' up1 ,i'd hev been flung down ter the bottom o' the valley1 'kase this ledge air too narrer ter hev cotched me4 ,he glanced down at the somber depths beneath4 ,thar wouldn't hev been enough left of me ter pick up on a shovel6 he exclaimed1 with a tardy realization of his foolish recklessness4 ,the next moment a mortal terror seized him4 ,what was to be his fate8 ,to regain the top of the cliff by his own exertions was an impossibility4 ,he cast his despairing eyes up the ascent1 as sheer and as smooth as a wall1 without a crevice which might afford a foothold1 or a shrub to which he might cling4 ,his strong head was whirling as he again glanced downward to the unmeasured vabyss beneath4 ,he softly let himself sink into a sitting posture1 his heels dangling over the frightful depths1 and addressed himself resolutely to the consideration of the terrible danger in which he was placed4 ,taken at its best1 how long was it to last8 ,could he look to any human being for deliverance8 ,he reflected with growing dismay that the place was far from any dwelling1 and from the road that wound along the ridge4 ,there was no errand that could bring a man to this most unfrequented portion of the deep woods1 unless an accident should hither direct some hunter's step4 ,it was quite possible1 nay1 probable1 that years might elapse before the forest solitude would again be broken by human presence4 ,his brothers would search for him when he should be missed from home1--but such boundless stretches of forest6 ,they might search for weeks and never come near this spot4 ,he would die here1 he would starve1--no1 he would grow drowsy when exhausted and fall--fall--fall6 ,he was beginning to feel that morbid fascination that sometimes seizes upon those who stand on great heights1--an overwhelming impulse to plunge downward4 ,his only salvation was to look up4 ,he would look up to the sky4 ,and what were these words he was beginning to remember faintly8 ,had not the vcircuit-rider said in his last sermon that not even a sparrow falls to the ground unmarked of ,god8 ,there was a definite strength in this suggestion4 ,he felt less lonely as he stared resolutely at the big blue sky4 ,there came into his heart a sense of encouragement1 of hope4 ,he would keep up as long and as bravely as he could1 and if the worst should come1--was he indeed so solitary8 ,he would hold in remembrance the sparrow's fall of ,scripture4 ,he had so nerved himself to meet his fate that he thought it was a fancy when he heard a distant step4 ,but it did not die away1 it grew more and more distinct1--a shambling step that curiously stopped at intervals and kicked the fallen leaves4 ,he sought to call out1 but he seemed to have lost his voice4 ,not a sound issued from his thickened tongue and his dry throat4 ,the step came nearer4 ,it would presently pass4 ,with a mighty effort ,ethan sent forth a wild1 hoarse cry4 ,the rocks vreverberated it1 the wind carried it far1 and certainly there was an echo of its despair and terror in a shrill scream set up on the verge of the crag4 ,then ,ethan heard the shambling step scampering off very fast indeed4 ,the truth flashed upon him4 ,it was some child1 passing on an unimaginable errand through the deep woods1 frightened by his sudden cry4 ,stop1 bubby6 he shouted2 stop a minute6 ,it's ,ethan ,tynes that's callin' of ye4 ,stop a minute1 bubby6 ,the step paused at a safe distance1 and the shrill pipe of a little boy demanded1 ,whar is ye1 ,ethan ,tynes8 ,i'm down hyar on the ledge o' the bluff4 ,who air ye ennyhow8 ,george ,birt1 promptly replied the little boy4 ,what air ye doin' down thar8 ,i thought it was ,satan a-callin' of me4 ,i never seen nobody4 ,i kem down hyar on vines arter a tur-r-key ,i shot4 ,the vines bruk1 an' ,i hev got no way ter git up agin4 ,i want ye ter go ter yer mother's house1 an' tell yer brother ,pete ter bring a rope hyar fur me ter climb up by4 ,ethan expected to hear the shambling step going away with a vcelerity in keeping with the importance of the errand4 ,on the contrary1 the step was approaching the crag4 ,a moment of suspense1 and there appeared among the jagged ends of the broken vines a small red head1 a deeply freckled face1 and a pair of sharp1 eager blue eyes4 ,george ,birt had carefully laid himself down on his stomach1 only protruding his head beyond the verge of the crag1 that he might not fling away his life in his curiosity4 ,did ye git it8 he asked1 with bated breath4 ,git what8 demanded poor ,ethan1 surprised and impatient4 ,the tur-r-key--what ye hev done been talkin' 'bout1 said ,george ,birt4 ,ethan had lost all interest in the turkey4 ,yes1 yes2 but run along1 bub4 ,i mought fall off'n this hyar place1--,i'm gittin' stiff sittin' still so long1--or the wind mought blow me off4 ,the wind is blowing toler'ble brisk4 ,gobbler or hen8 asked ,george ,birt eagerly4 ,it air a hen1 said ,ethan4 ,but look-a-hyar1 ,george1 ,i'm a-waitin' on ye an' if ,i'd fall off'n this hyar place1 ,i'd be ez dead ez a door-nail in a minute4 ,waal1 ,i'm goin' now1 said ,george ,birt1 with gratifying alacrity4 ,he raised himself from his vrecumbent position1 and ,ethan heard him shambling off1 kicking every now and then at the fallen leaves as he went4 ,presently1 however1 he turned and walked back nearly to the brink of the cliff4 ,then he prostrated himself once more at full length1--for the mountain children are very careful of precipices1--snaked along dexterously to the verge of the crag1 and protruding his red head cautiously1 began to vparley once more1 trading on ,ethan's necessities4 ,ef ,i go on this errand fur ye1 he said1 looking very sharp indeed1 will ye gimme one o' the whings of that thar wild tur-r-key8 ,he coveted the wing-feathers1 not the joint of the fowl4 ,the whing of the domestic turkey is used by the mountain women as a fan1 and is considered an elegance as well as a comfort4 ,george ,birt vaped the customs of his elders1 regardless of sex1--a characteristic of very small boys4 ,oh1 go 'long1 bubby6 exclaimed poor ,ethan1 in dismay at the vdilatoriness and indifference of his vunique deliverer4 ,i'll give ye both o' the whings4 ,he would have offered the turkey willingly1 if bubby had seemed to crave it4 ,waal1 ,i'm goin' now4 ,george ,birt rose from the ground and started off briskly1 vexhilarated by the promise of both the whings4 ,ethan was angry indeed when he heard the boy once more shambling back4 ,of course one should regard a deliverer with gratitude1 especially a deliverer from mortal peril2 but it may be doubted if ,ethan's gratitude would have been great enough to insure that small red head against a vigorous rap1 if it had been within rapping distance1 when it was once more cautiously protruded over the verge of the cliff4 ,i kem back hyar ter tell ye1 the vdoughty deliverer began1 with an air of great importance1 and magnifying his office with an extreme relish1 that ,i can't go an' tell ,pete 'bout'n the rope till ,i hev done kem back from the mill4 ,i hev got old ,sorrel hitched out hyar a piece1 with a bag o' corn on his back1 what ,i hev ter git ground at the mill4 ,my mother air a-settin' at home now a-waitin' fur that thar corn-meal ter bake dodgers with4 ,an' ,i hev got a dime ter pay at the mill2 it war lent ter my dad las' week4 ,an' ,i'm afeard ter walk about much with this hyar dime2 ,i mought lose it1 ye know4 ,an' ,i can't go home 'thout the meal2 ,i'll ketch it ef ,i do4 ,but ,i'll tell ,pete arter ,i git back from the mill4 ,the mill6 echoed ,ethan1 aghast4 ,what air ye doin' on this side o' the mounting1 ef ye air a-goin' ter the mill8 ,this ain't the way ter the mill4 ,i kem over hyar1 said the little boy1 still with much importance of manner1 notwithstanding a slight suggestion of embarrassment on his freckled face1 ter see 'bout'n a trap that ,i hev sot fur squir'ls4 ,i'll see 'bout my trap1 an' then ,i hev ter go ter the mill1 'kase my mother air a-settin' in our house now a-waitin' fur meal ter bake corn-dodgers4 ,then ,i'll tell ,pete whar ye air1 an' what ye said 'bout'n the rope4 ,ye must jes' wait fur me hyar4 ,poor ,ethan could do nothing else4 ,as the echo of the boy's shambling step died in the distance1 a redoubled sense of loneliness fell upon ,ethan ,tynes4 ,but he endeavored to vsolace himself with the reflection that the important mission to the squirrel-trap and the errand to the mill could not last forever1 and before a great while ,peter ,birt and his rope would be upon the crag4 ,this idea vbuoyed him up as the hours crept slowly by4 ,now and then he lifted his head and listened with painful intentness4 ,he felt stiff in every muscle1 and yet he had a dread of making an effort to change his vconstrained position4 ,he might lose control of his rigid limbs1 and fall into those dread depths beneath4 ,his patience at last began to give way2 his heart was sinking4 ,the messenger had been even more vdilatory than he was prepared to expect4 ,why did not ,pete come8 ,was it possible that ,george had forgotten to tell of his danger4 ,the sun was going down1 leaving a great glory of gold and crimson clouds and an vopaline haze upon the purple mountains4 ,the last rays fell on the bronze feathers of the turkey still lying tied to the broken vines on the ledge4 ,and now there were only frowning masses of dark clouds in the west2 and there were frowning masses of clouds overhead4 ,the shadow of the coming night had fallen on the autumnal foliage in the deep valley2 in the place of the opaline haze was only a gray mist4 ,and presently there came1 sweeping along between the parallel mountain ranges1 a somber raincloud4 ,the lad could hear the heavy drops splashing on the tree-tops in the valley1 long1 long before he felt them on his head4 ,the roll of thunder sounded among the crags4 ,then the rain came down tumultuously1 not in columns but in livid sheets4 ,the lightnings rent the sky1 showing1 as it seemed to him1 glimpses of the glorious brightness within1--too bright for human eyes4 ,he clung desperately to his precarious perch4 ,now and then a fierce rush of wind almost tore him from it4 ,strange fancies beset him4 ,the air was full of that wild vsymphony of nature1 the wind and the rain1 the pealing thunder1 and the thunderous echo among the cliffs1 and yet he thought he could hear his own name ringing again and again through all the tumult1 sometimes in ,pete's voice1 sometimes in ,george's shrill tones4 ,ethan became vaguely aware1 after a time1 that the rain had ceased1 and the moon was beginning to shine through rifts in the clouds4 ,the wind continued unabated1 but1 curiously enough1 he could not hear it now4 ,he could hear nothing2 he could think of nothing4 ,his consciousness was beginning to fail4 ,george ,birt had indeed forgotten him1--forgotten even the promised whings4 ,not that he had discovered anything so extraordinary in his trap1 for it was empty1 but when he reached the mill1 he found that the miller had killed a bear and captured a cub1 and the orphan1 chained to a post1 had deeply absorbed ,george ,birt's attention4 ,to vsophisticated people1 the boy might have seemed as vgrotesque as the cub4 ,george wore an unbleached cotton shirt4 ,the waistband of his baggy jeans trousers encircled his body just beneath his armpits1 reaching to his shoulder-blades behind1 and nearly to his collar-bone in front4 ,his red head was only partly covered by a fragment of an old white wool hat2 and he looked at the cub with a curiosity as intense as that with which the cub looked at him4 ,each was taking first lessons in natural history4 ,as long as there was daylight enough left to see that cub1 did ,george ,birt stand and stare at the little beast4 ,then he clattered home on old ,sorrel in the closing darkness1 looking like a very small pin on the top of a large pincushion4 ,at home1 he found the elders unreasonable1--as elders usually are considered4 ,supper had been waiting an hour or so for the lack of meal for dodgers4 ,he caught it considerably1 but not sufficiently to impair his appetite for the dodgers4 ,after all this1 he was ready enough for bed when a small boy's bedtime came4 ,but as he was nodding before the fire1 he heard a word that roused him to a new excitement and stimulated his memory4 ,these hyar chips air so wet they won't burn1 said his mother4 ,i'll take my tur-r-key whing an' fan the fire4 ,law6 he exclaimed4 ,thar1 now6 ,ethan ,tynes never gimme that thar wild tur-r-key's whings like he promised4 ,whar did ye happen ter see ,ethan8 asked ,pete1 interested in his friend4 ,seen him in the woods1 an' he promised me the tur-r-key whings4 ,what fur8 inquired ,pete1 a little surprised by this uncalled-for generosity4 ,waal1--there was an expression of embarrassment on the important freckled face1 and the small red head nodded forward in an explanatory manner1--he fell off'n the bluffs arter the tur-r-key whings--,i mean1 he went down to the ledge arter the tur-r-key1 and the vines bruk an' he couldn't git up no more4 ,an' he tole me that ef ,i'd tell ye ter fotch him a rope ter pull up by1 he would gimme the whings4 ,that happened a--leetle--while--arter dinner-time4 ,who got him a rope ter pull up by8 demanded ,pete4 ,there was again on the important face that indescribable shade of embarrassment4 ,waal1--the youngster balanced this word judicially1--,i forgot 'bout'n the tur-key whings till this minute4 ,i reckon he's thar yit4 ,mebbe this hyar wind an' rain hev beat him off'n the ledge6 exclaimed ,pete1 appalled and rising hastily4 ,i tell ye now1 he added1 turning to his mother1 the best use ye kin make o' that boy is ter put him on the fire fur a back-log4 ,pete made his preparations in great haste4 ,he took the rope from the well1 asked the vcrestfallen and browbeaten junior a question or two relative to the place1 mounted old ,sorrel without a saddle1 and in a few minutes was galloping at headlong speed through the night4 ,the rain was over by the time he had reached the sulphur spring to which ,george had directed him1 but the wind was still high1 and the broken clouds were driving fast across the face of the moon4 ,by the time he had hitched his horse to a tree and set out on foot to find the cliff1 the moonbeams1 though brilliant1 were so vintermittent that his progress was fitful and necessarily cautious4 ,when the disk shone out full and clear1 he made his way rapidly enough1 but when the clouds intervened1 he stood still and waited4 ,i ain't goin' ter fall off'n the bluff 'thout knowin' it1 he said to himself1 in one of these veclipses1 ef ,i hev ter stand hyar all night4 ,the moonlight was brilliant and steady when he reached the verge of the crag4 ,he identified the spot by the mass of broken vines1 and more positively by ,ethan's rifle lying upon the ground just at his feet4 ,he called1 but received no response4 ,hev ,ethan fell off1 sure enough8 he asked himself1 in great dismay and alarm4 ,then he shouted again and again4 ,at last there came an answer1 as though the speaker had just awaked4 ,pretty nigh beat out1 ,i'm a-thinkin'6 commented ,pete4 ,he tied one end of the cord around the trunk of a tree1 knotted it at intervals1 and flung it over the bluff4 ,at first ,ethan was almost afraid to stir4 ,he slowly put forth his hand and grasped the rope4 ,then1 his heart beating tumultuously1 he rose to his feet4 ,he stood still for an instant to steady himself and get his breath4 ,nerving himself for a strong effort1 he began the ascent1 hand over hand1 up and up and up1 till once more he stood upon the crest of the crag4 ,and1 now that all danger was over1 ,pete was disposed to scold4 ,i'm a-thinkin'1 said ,pete severely1 ez thar ain't a critter on this hyar mounting1 from a b'ar ter a copperhead1 that could hev got in sech a fix1 'ceptin' ye1 ,ethan ,tynes4 ,and ,ethan was silent4 ,what's this hyar thing at the end o' the rope8 asked ,pete1 as he began to draw the cord up1 and felt a weight still suspended4 ,it air the tur-r-key1 said ,ethan meekly1 ,i tied her ter the e-end o' the rope afore ,i kem up4 ,waal1 sir6 exclaimed ,pete1 in indignant surprise4 ,and ,george1 for duty performed1 was vremunerated with the two whings1 although it still remains a question in the mind of ,ethan whether or not he deserved them4 ,,charles ,,egbert ,,craddock4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,tell what happened to ,ethan ,tynes one day when he was hunting4 ,how was he rescued8 ,what qualities did ,ethan show in his hour of trial8 ,give your opinion of ,george ,birt2 of ,pete4 ,find out all you can about life in the mountains of ,east ,tennessee4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,prophet of the ,great ,smoky ,mountains--,charles ,egbert ,craddock4 ,the ,little ,shepherd of ,kingdom ,come--,john ,fox1 ,jr4 ,june--,john ,fox1 ,jr4 ,the poetry of earth is ceasing never3 ,on a lone winter evening1 when the frost ,has wrought a silence1 from the stove there shrills ,the cricket's song1 in the warmth increasing ever1 ,and seems to one in drowsiness half lost1 ,the grasshopper's among some grassy hills4 ,,john ,,keats4 ,a ,,deal ,,in ,,bears ,when a whaling ship is beset in the ice of ,davis ,straits1 there is little work for her second engineer1 once the engines have been nicely tallowed down4 ,now1 ,i am no man that can sit in his berth and laze4 ,if ,i've no work to do1 ,i get a-thinking about my home at v,ballindrochater and the ministry1 which my father intended ,i should have adorned1 and what a fool ,i've made of myself1 and this is depressing4 ,i was not over-popular already on the ,gleaner on account of some prophecies ,i had made in anger1 which had unfortunately come true4 ,the crew1 and the captain1 too1 had come to fear my prophetic powers4 ,at last ,i bethought me of sporting on the ice4 ,there was head-money offered for all bears1 foxes1 seals1 musk-oxen1 and such like that were shot and gathered4 ,so ,i went to the skipper1 and he gave me a ,henry rifle1 well rusted1 and eight cartridges4 ,show me you can use those1 ,mc,todd1 says he1 and ,i'll give you more4 ,i made a big mistake with that rusty old gun4 ,i may be a sportsman1 but before that ,i'm an engineer1 and it seemed to me that ,heaven sent metal into this world to be kept bright and clean4 ,so ,i took the rifle all to pieces and made the parts as smooth and sweet as you'd see in a gun-maker's shop1 barring rust-pits1 and gave them a nice daubing of oil against the ,arctic weather4 ,then ,i put on some thick clothes ,i had made1 and all the other clothes ,i could get loaned me1 and climbed out over the rail on to the vfloe4 ,the ,gleaner lay in a bay some two miles from the shore1 and let me tell you1 if you do not know it1 that ,arctic ice is no skating-rink4 ,there are great hills1 and knolls1 and bergs1 and valleys spread all over1 and even where it's about level1 the underfoot is as hard going as a newly-metalled road before the steam-roller has passed over it4 ,the air was clear enough when ,i left the bark1 and though the vmercury was out of use and coiled up snugly in the bulb1 it wasn't as cold as you might think1 for just then there was no wind4 ,it's a breeze up in the ,arctic that makes you feel the chill4 ,there was no sun1 of course2 there never is sun up there in that dreary winter3 but the stars were burning blue and clear1 and every now and then a big vcatherine wheel of vaurora would show off1 for all the world like a firework exhibition4 ,my6 but it was lonely1 though1 once you had left the ship behind6 ,there was just the scrunching of your feet on the frost vrime1 and not another sound in the world4 ,even the ice was frozen too hard to squeak4 ,and overhead in that purple-black ,heaven you never knew ,who was looking down at you4 ,out there in that cold1 bare1 black1 icy silence1 ,i had occasion to remember that ,neil ,angus ,mc,todd had been a sinner in his time1 and it made me shiver when ,i glanced up toward those blue1 cold stars and the deep purple darkness that lay between and behind them4 ,it may be that ,i was thinking less of my hunting than was advisable1 for of a sudden ,i woke up to the sound of heavy feet padding over the crisp frost rime4 ,i turned me round sharply enough1 but as far as the dim light carried there was nothing alive to be seen through the gloom4 ,as soon as ,i stopped1 the footsteps stopped1 too1 and ,i don't mind admitting that my scalp tickled4 ,however1 when ,i'd hauled up the hammer of the ,henry1 and it dropped into position with a good1 wholesome cluck1 my nervousness very soon filtered out4 ,there's a comfort about a heavy-bore rifle like a ,henry--which is the kind always used by whalers and sealers--that you can't get from those fancy little guns4 ,and then1 as it seemed that the animal1 whatever it might be1 wasn't going to move till ,i did1 ,i shuffled my high sealskin boots on the crisp snow to make believe that ,i was tramping again4 ,the creature started after me promptly4 ,it was hard to tell the direction1 because every sound in that icy silence was echoed by a thousand bergs and hummocks of ice2 but presently from behind a small splintered ridge of the floe there strolled out what seemed to me the largest bear in the ,arctic regions4 ,you must know that the night air there has a vdeceptive light--it enlarges things--and the beast appeared to me as standing some five feet six inches high at the shoulder1 and measuring some twenty feet from nose to tail4 ,there was myself and there was the bear in the dark middle of that awful loneliness1 with no one to interfere2 and as there was only one of us to get home1 ,i preferred it should not be he4 ,so ,i took a brace on myself1 and stood with the ,henry ready to fire4 ,there was nothing you might call vdiffidence about that bear4 ,he slouched along up to me at a steady walk1 with the hair and skin on him swinging about as though it was too large for his carcass and he was wearing a misfit4 ,he seemed to look upon me as dinner1 and no hurry needful4 ,there was a sort of calm certainty about him that made me angry4 ,i was not what you might call a marksman in those days1 and so ,i set a bit of vhummock about ten yards off as a limit where ,i could not very conveniently miss1 and waited until the bear should come opposite that4 ,well1 he came to it right enough in his own time4 ,there was1 as ,i have said before1 no diffidence about the creature4 ,and then ,i raised the ,henry and fired her off4 ,cluck went the hammer on the nipple1 but there was no bang4 ,my6 it was a misfire1 and there was the bear coming down on me as steady and unconcerned as a vtraction engine6 ,i clawed out that cartridge and crammed in another4 ,the bitter cold of the metal skinned my fingers like escaping steam4 ,then ,i cocked the gun again1 shouldered it1 and pulled trigger again4 ,once more she wouldn't go off6 ,the bear was now nearly on top of me and was beginning to rear on its hind legs4 ,somehow the rifle came into my hand muzzle-end1 and ,i hit the great brute across the eyes with the butt hard enough to have felled an ox4 ,i might as well have struck it with a cane4 ,whack came a big yellow-white paw1 the ,henry went flying1 and my wrists tingled with the jar2 and there was ,i left looking1 ,i've no doubt you'll think1 very humorous4 ,the bear might have finished me then if it had chosen4 ,but it must needs turn aside to go snuffling at the rifle and lick the oil off the locks4 ,i turned and footed it4 ,now1 at the best of times1 ,i am no vsprinter1 and in the great mountain of clothes one wears up there in the cold ,arctic night1 no man can make much speed4 ,besides1 the way was that uneven it was a case of hands and scramble more often than plain running over the sharp1 spiky level4 ,the bear1 once he had finished his snuffle and lick at the ,henry1 came on at a dreadful pace1 making nothing of those obstacles that balked me1--he had been born up there1 you know4 ,he laid himself out--,i could see over my shoulder--like one of those ,american trotting horses1 caring nothing for the ups and downs and ankle-breaking ice4 ,in about two shakes he was snorting at my heels again1 till ,i could almost feel his hot breath4 ,the bundle of clothes hampered me4 ,i stripped off my outer over-all and let it drop behind me4 ,the bear stopped and snuffed that1 but ,i didn't stay to watch him4 ,i got a good fifty vfathoms ahead of him whilst he was thus occupied4 ,but presently1 when he'd got all his satisfaction out of that1 on he comes again1 and ,i had to give him my coat4 ,i hadn't a chance of equaling him in pace1 but the trick with the clothing never tired him4 ,fifty fathoms was the least gain ,i made over a single piece1 and as ,i got lower down toward my skin he stayed over the clothes longer4 ,but still the ,gleaner was a long way off1 over very tumbled ice1 and there ,i was careering on in a costume which was barely enough for decency1 and certainly insufficient for the climate4 ,however1 it was little enough the bear cared for such refinements as those4 ,i stripped off my last garment as ,i ran1 and gained nigh on two hundred yards whilst he investigated it2 and there were the bark's upper spars showing above the hummocks half a mile away1 with me in nothing but my long seal-skin boots6 ,but there was no help for it4 ,up came the hot breath behind me1 and ,i leaned up against a hummock and stripped off a boot4 ,i hailed the ,gleaner with what breath ,i had left1 but no one gave heed4 ,away went the other boot1 and there ,i was running1 mother-naked1 over the jagged floe1 leaving blood on every footmark4 ,right up to the vessel did the outrageous beast chase me1 and then when ,i got on board and called for guns1 it slunk away into the shadows of a berg and was seen no more4 ,my feet were cut to the bone2 ,i was frost-nipped in twenty places1 and you may imagine ,i had had a poor enough time of it4 ,but the thought of that canvas over-all which ,i had thrown away first kept me cheerful4 ,it was indeed a very humorous circumstance4 ,ye see it was a borrowed one4 ,i got down below to a berth1 and the steward1 who was rated as a doctor1 tended me4 ,but ,captain ,black put sourness on the whole affair4 ,he came down to my bunk and said1 ,where's that ,henry8 ,lying quiet on the ice1 said ,i4 ,do you mean to say you left that rifle behind8 ,my rifle6 ,i did that same4 ,the thing wasn't strong enough to fire a cartridge4 ,i tried two4 ,and then ,black used violent and unjustifiable language4 ,i was in no condition to give him a fair exchange4 ,besides1 ,i made an unfortunate admission4 ,i owned up to taking the rifle apart and cleaning her4 ,i owned up1 too1 that ,i'd been free with the oil4 ,black stuck out his face at me1 and his fringe of beard fairly bristled4 ,and you call yourself an engineer6 ,you talk about having gone through the shops6 ,put your filthy engine-room oil on my ,henry's locks1 would you8 ,why1 you idiot1 have you yet to learn that oil freezes up here as hard as cheese1 and you've made up the lock space of that poor rifle into one solid chunk8 ,i never thought of that4 ,to look at your face1 you've yet to start thinking at all4 ,so we had it out1 and as ,i was now aroused1 ,i gave him some words on the inefficient way he ran his ship4 ,at last ,i threatened to prophesy again1 and this cooled him off4 ,i offered to go hunting bears for him and he became quite polite4 ,i'll make you an offer touching those bears1 he said4 ,for every skin you bring here aboard1 ,i'll give you seven shillings vbonus above your share as a member of the ship's company4 ,i'll give you another rifle1 two rifles if you like1 and a fine bag of cartridges4 ,but1 you beggar1 ,i make one condition4 ,you take yourself off and away from the ship to do your hunting4 ,you may make yourself a snow house to stay in1 and live on the meat you kill4 ,you wish to murder me8 ,i wish to be rid of you1 and that's the truth4 ,man1 ,i believe you're ,jonah resurrected4 ,we've had no luck since first you put your foot on my deck planks4 ,and1 what's more1 the crew is of my way of thinking4 ,so1 refuse my offer1 and ,i'll put you in irons and keep you there till ,i can fling you ashore at v,dundee4 ,now there is no doubt ,black meant what he said1 and so ,i did not waste dignity by arguing with him4 ,i had no taste for the irons1 and as for being turned out on the ice--well1 ,i had a plan ahead4 ,but ,i didn't intend to leave ,black more comfortable than ,i could help4 ,so ,i shut my eyes and said that the ship would have very bad luck that winter1 that there would be much sickness aboard4 7,this was an easy guess47 ,i said1 considering this fact1 ,i was glad to leave such an unwholesome ship4 ,the crew were just aching to get rid of me4 ,this prophesying sort of grows on a man2 once you've started it1 you've got to go on with it at all costs1 and ,i could no more resist just letting my few remarks slip round amongst the men than ,i can resist eating when ,i'm hungry4 ,the nerves of the ,gleaner people were in strings from the cold and the blackness of the ,arctic night1 and it put the horrors on the lot of them4 ,the one thing they wanted was to see the last of me4 ,they gave me almost anything ,i fancied1 but my means of transport were small4 ,there was a bit of a sledge1 which ,i packed with some food1 two ,henry rifles and a few tools1 five hundred cartridges1 and the clothes ,i stood in4 ,no more could be taken4 ,then ,i went on deck into the bitter cold and over the side1 and stood on the ice1 ready to start on my journey4 ,the crew lined the rail to see me off1 and ,i can tell you their faces were very different4 ,the older ones were savage and cared little how soon ,jonah might die4 ,the younger ones were crying to see a fellow driven away into that icy loneliness1 far from shelter4 ,but for myself ,i didn't care4 ,i had method in all this performance4 ,soon after we were beset in the ice1 a family of ,esquimaux had come on the ,gleaner to pay a polite call and get what they could out of us4 ,they were that dirty you could have chipped them with a scaling hammer1 but they were very friendly4 ,one buck who stepped down into the engine room--v,amatikita1 he said his name was--had some ,english1 and came to the point as straight as anything4 ,give me a vdlink1 ,cappie1 says he4 ,this is a dry ship1 says ,i4 ,plenty dlink in that box1 says he1 handling an oil-can4 ,oh1 if that's what you want1 take it1 ,i told him1 and he clapped the nozzle between his lips1 and sucked down a gill of vcylinder lubricating oil as though it had been water4 ,you seem to like it1 ,i said2 have some more4 ,but that was his fill4 ,he thanked me and asked me to visit his village when ,i could get away from the ship4 ,and just then some of his friends were caught pilfering1 and the whole crew of them were bundled away4 ,now ,i had noted that most of these ,esquimaux had bits of bearskins amongst their other furs1 and it was that ,i had in mind when ,i fell out with ,captain ,black4 ,amatikita had pointed out the direction in which his village lay1 and it was to that ,i intended making my way with as little delay as possible4 ,but ,i kept this to myself1 and let no word of it slip out on the ,gleaner4 ,indeed1 when ,i was over the bark's rails1 ,i headed off due north across the ice4 ,i climbed and stumbled on in this direction till ,i was well out of their sight and hearing amongst the hummocks1 and then ,i turned at right angles for the shore4 ,the cold up yonder in that ,arctic night takes away your breath2 it seems to take the manhood out of you4 ,you stumble along gasping4 ,by a chance ,i came on an ,esquimaux sealing1 and he beat and thumped me into wakefulness4 ,then he packed me on to his dog-sleigh1 and took my own bit of a sled behind1 and set his fourteen-foot whip cracking1 and off we set4 ,well1 you have to be pretty far gone if you can stay asleep with an v,innuit's dog-sledge jolting and jumping beneath you1 and ,i was well awakened1 especially as the ,esquimaux sat on top of me4 ,and so in time we brought up at the huts1 and a good job1 too4 ,i'd been tramping in the wrong direction1 so it turned out1 and1 besides1 if ,i had come to the village1 ,i might well have walked over the top of it1 as it was drifted up level with snow4 ,there was a bit of a rabbit-hole giving entrance to each hut1 with some three fathoms of tunnel underground1 and skin curtains to keep out the draught1 but once inside you might think yourself in a vstoke-hold again4 ,there was the same smell of oil1 and almost the same warmth4 ,i tell you1 it was fine after that slicing cold outside4 ,it was ,amatikita's house ,i was brought to1 and he was very hospitable4 ,they took off my outer clothes and put them on the rack above the soapstone lamp to dry1 and waited on me most kindly4 ,indeed1 they recognized me as a superior at once1 and kept on doing it4 ,they put tender young seal-meat in the dish above the lamp1 and when it was cooked ,i ate my part of the stew1 and then got up and took the best place on the raised sleeping-bench at the farther side of the hut4 ,i cut a fill for my pipe1 lit up and passed the plug1 and presently we were all smoking1 happy as you please4 ,amatikita spoke up like a man4 ,very pleased to see you1 ,cappie4 ,what you come for8 ,what you want8 ,you're a man of business1 ,i said4 ,you waste no time4 ,i like that4 ,what ,i want is bearskins4 ,the jackets of big1 white1 baggy-trousered polar bears1 you know2 and ,i brought along a couple of tip-top rifles for you to get them with4 ,now1 ,i make you a fair offer4 ,get me all the bears in the ,north ,polar regions1 and you shall have my ,henrys and all the cartridges that are left over4 ,and as for the meat1 you shall have that as your own share of the game4 ,you want shoot those bears yourself8 ,not if ,i can help it4 ,i'm an engineer1 and a good one at that4 ,but as a sportsman ,i've had but little experience1 and don't seem drawn toward learning4 ,it is too draughty up here1 just at present1 for my taste4 ,i'll stay and keep house1 and maybe do a bit of repairing and inventing among the furniture4 ,i've brought along a hand-vice and a bag of tools with me1 and if you can supply drift-wood and some scrap-iron1 ,i'll make this turf-house of yours a real cottage4 ,the deal was made4 ,i worked away with my tools1 and whenever those powdering winter gales eased for a little1 ,amatikita and his friends would go off with the howling dog-sledges and the ,henrys1 and it was rare that they'd come back without one bear1 and often they'd bring two or even three4 ,these white bears sleep through the black winter months in hollows in the cliffs1 and the ,esquimaux know their lairs1 though it's rare enough they dare tackle them4 ,small blame1 too1 you'd say1 if you saw the flimsy bone-tipped lances and harpoons1 which are all they are armed with4 ,with a good1 smashing1 heavy-bore ,henry rifle it is a different thing4 ,the ,esquimaux were no cowards4 ,they would walk up within a yard of a bear1 when the dogs had ringed it1 and blow half its head away with a single shot4 ,and then they would draw the carcass up to the huts with the dog trains1 and the women would skin and dress the meat1 and ,amatikita and the others would gorge themselves4 ,at last the long winter wore away4 ,amatikita dived in through the entrance of the hut one day and told me that the ice-floe was beginning to break4 ,the news affected me like the blow of a whip4 ,i went out into the open and found the sun up4 ,the men were overhauling their skin canoes4 ,the snow was wet underfoot and seafowl were swooping around4 ,the floe was still sound where it joined the shore1 but two seaward lanes of blue water showed between the ice1 and in one of them a whale was spouting pale gray mist4 ,it was high time for me to be off4 ,so the bearskins were fastened by thongs to the sledges and word was shouted to the dog leader of each team4 ,the dogs started1 and presently away went the teams full tilt1 the sledges leaping and crashing in their wake1 with the drivers and a certain ,scotch engineer who was unused to such vacrobatics clinging on top of the packs4 ,my6 but yon was a wild ride over the rotten1 cracking1 sodden floe1 under the fresh1 bright sunshine of that ,arctic spring morn6 ,presently round the flank of a small ice-berg we came in view of the ,gleaner4 ,she was still beset in the ice2 but the hands were hard at work beating the ice from the rigging and cutting a gutter around her in the floe1 so that she might float when the time came4 ,they knocked off work when we drove up4 ,good-day1 ,captain ,black1 ,i said4 ,i've been troubling myself over bearskins1 and ,i'll ask you for seven shillings head money on twenty-nine4 ,you've shot twenty-nine bears8 ,you're lying to me4 ,the skins are there1 and you can count them for yourself4 ,his color changed when the ,esquimaux passed the skins over the side4 ,and ,i clambered aboard the ship along with them4 ,w4 ,,cutcliffe ,,hyne4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,tell this story briefly1 using your own words4 ,what mistake did ,mc,todd make in preparing for the hunt8 ,what amused you most8 ,how did ,mc,todd show his shrewdness1 even if he was not a good hunter8 ,what do you learn about the ,arctic region8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,frozen ,pirate--,w4 ,clark ,russell4 ,the ,casting ,away of ,mrs4 ,leeks and ,mrs4 ,aleshine--,frank ,r4 ,stockton4 ,,lochinvar ,oh1 young ,lochinvar is come out of the west3-- ,through all the wide ,border his steed was the best1 ,and save his good broadsword he weapons had none2 ,he rode all unarmed1 and he rode all alone4 ,so faithful in love1 and so dauntless in war1 ,there never was knight like the young ,lochinvar4 ,he stayed not for vbrake1 and he stopped not for stone1 ,he swam the ,esk river where ford there was none2 ,but ere he alighted at ,netherby gate ,the bride had consented1 the gallant came late3 ,for a laggard in love1 and a dastard in war ,was to wed the fair ,ellen of brave ,lochinvar4 ,so boldly he entered the ,netherby ,hall1 ,among bride's-men and kinsmen and brothers and all3 ,then spoke the bride's father1 his hand on his sword 7,for the poor craven bridegroom said never a word71 ,oh1 come ye in peace here1 or come ye in war1 ,or to dance at our bridal1 young ,lord ,lochinvar8 ,i long wooed your daughter1 my suit you denied2-- ,love swells like the ,solway1 but ebbs like its tide-- ,and now am ,i come with this lost love of mine1 ,to lead but one measure1 drink one cup of wine4 ,there are maidens in ,scotland more lovely by far1 ,that would gladly be bride to the young ,lochinvar4 ,the bride kissed the goblet2 the knight took it up1 ,he quaffed of the wine1 and he threw down the cup4 ,she looked down to blush1 and she looked up to sigh1 ,with a smile on her lips and a tear in her eye4 ,he took her soft hand1 ere her mother could bar1-- ,now tread we a measure6 said young ,lochinvar4 ,so stately his form1 and so lovely her face1 ,that never a hall such a vgalliard did grace2 ,while her mother did fret1 and her father did fume1 ,and the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume1 ,and the bride-maidens whispered1 ',twere better by far ,to have matched our fair cousin with young ,lochinvar4 ,one touch to her hand1 and one word in her ear1 ,when they reached the hall door1 and the charger stood near2 ,so light to the vcroup the fair lady he swung1 ,so light to the saddle before her he sprung6 ,she is won6 we are gone1 over bank1 bush1 and vscar2 ,they'll have fleet steeds that follow1 quoth young ,lochinvar4 ,there was mounting 'mong ,graemes of the ,netherby clan2 ,fosters1 ,fenwicks1 and ,musgraves1 they rode and they ran2 ,there was racing and chasing on ,cannobie lea1 ,but the lost bride of ,netherby ne'er did they see4 ,so daring in love1 and so dauntless in war2 ,have ye e'er heard of gallant like young ,lochinvar8 ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,read the poem through and tell the story briefly4 ,where is the scene laid8 ,border here means the part of ,scotland bordering on ,england4 ,who is the hero8 ,give your opinion of him4 ,find the expressions used by the poet to inspire admiration for ,lochinvar4 ,give your opinion of the bridegroom4 ,quote lines that express the poet's opinion of him4 ,what word is used instead of thicket in the second stanza8 a loiterer8 a coward8 ,why do you suppose the bride had consented8 ,why did her father put his hand on his sword8 ,what reason did ,lochinvar give for coming to the feast8 ,why did he act as if he did not care8 ,was the bride willing to marry the laggard in love8 ,how do you know8 ,describe the scene as the two danced4 ,what do you suppose was the one word in her ear8 ,read aloud the lines describing ,lochinvar's ride to ,netherby ,hall4 ,read those describing the ride from the hall4 ,notice the galloping movement of the verse4 ,,in ,,labrador ,i ,trafford and ,marjorie were in ,labrador to spend the winter4 ,it was a queer idea for a noted vscientist and rich and successful business man to cut himself loose from the world of ,london and go out into the ,arctic storm and darkness of one of the bleakest quarters of the globe4 ,but ,trafford had fallen into a discontent with living1 a weariness of the round of work and pleasure1 and it was in the hope of winning back his lost zest and happiness that he had made up his mind to try the cure of the wilderness4 ,marjorie had insisted1 like a good wife1 on leaving children and home and comfort and accompanying him into the frozen wilds4 ,the voyage across the sea and the march inland into ,labrador were uneventful4 ,trafford chose his winter-quarters on the side of a low razor-hacked1 rocky mountain ridge1 about fifty feet above a little river4 ,not a dozen miles away from them1 they reckoned1 was the ,height of ,land1 the low watershed between the waters that go to the ,atlantic and those that go to ,hudson's ,bay4 ,north and north-east of them the country rose to a line of low crests1 with here and there a yellowing patch of last year's snow1 and across the valley were slopes covered in places by woods of stunted pine4 ,it had an empty spaciousness of effect2 the one continually living thing seemed to be the river1 hurrying headlong1 noisily1 perpetually1 in an eternal flight from this high desolation4 ,for nearly four weeks indeed they were occupied very closely in fixing their cabin and making their other preparations1 and crept into their bunks at night as tired as wholesome animals who drop to sleep4 ,at any time the weather might break2 already there had been two overcast days and a frowning conference of clouds in the north4 ,when at last storms began1 they knew there would be nothing for it but to keep in the hut until the world froze up4 ,the weather broke at last4 ,one might say it smashed itself over their heads4 ,there came an afternoon darkness swift and sudden1 a wild gale1 and an icy sleet that gave place in the night to snow1 so that ,trafford looked out next morning to see a maddening chaos of small white flakes1 incredibly swift1 against something that was neither darkness nor light4 ,even with the door but partly ajar1 a cruelty of cold put its claw within1 set everything that was movable swaying and clattering1 and made ,marjorie hasten shuddering to heap fresh logs upon the fire4 ,once or twice ,trafford went out to inspect tent and roof and store-shed2 several times1 wrapped to the nose1 he battled his way for fresh wood1 and for the rest of the blizzard they kept to the hut4 ,it was slumberously stuffy1 but comfortingly full of flavors of tobacco and food4 ,there were two days of intermission and a day of gusts and icy sleet again1 turning with one extraordinary clap of thunder to a wild downpour of dancing lumps of ice1 and then a night when it seemed all ,labrador1 earth and sky together1 was in hysterical protest against inconceivable wrongs4 ,and then the break was over2 the annual freezing-up accomplished2 winter had established itself2 the snowfall moderated and ceased1 and an ice-bound world shone white and sunlit under a cloudless sky4 ,one morning ,trafford found the footmarks of some catlike creature in the snow near the bushes where he was accustomed to get firewood2 they led away very plainly up the hill1 and after breakfast he took his knife and rifle and snowshoes and went after the lynx--for that he decided the animal must be4 ,there was no urgent reason why he should want to kill a lynx1 unless perhaps that killing it made the store-shed a trifle safer2 but it was the first trail of any living thing for many days2 it promised excitement2 some vprimitive instinct perhaps urged him4 ,the morning was a little overcast1 and very cold between the gleams of wintry sunshine4 ,good-by1 dear wife6 he said1 and then as she remembered afterward came back a dozen yards to kiss her4 ,i'll not be long1 he said4 ,the beast's prowling1 and if it doesn't get wind of me1 ,i ought to find it in an hour4 ,he hesitated for a moment4 ,i'll not be long1 he repeated1 and she had an instant's wonder whether he hid from her the same dread of loneliness that she concealed4 ,up among the tumbled rocks he turned1 and she was still watching him4 ,good-by6 he cried and waved1 and the willow thickets closed about him4 ,she forced herself to the petty duties of the day1 made up the fire from the pile he had left for her1 set water to boil1 put the hut in order1 brought out sheets and blankets to air1 and set herself to wash up4 ,she wished she had been able to go with him4 ,the sky cleared presently1 and the low ,december sun lit all the world about her1 but it left her spirit desolate4 ,she did not expect him to return until midday1 and she sat herself down on a log before the fire to darn a pair of socks as well as she could4 ,for a time this unusual occupation held her attention and then her hands became slow and at last inactive1 and she fell into reverie4 ,thoughts came quick and fast of her children in ,england so far away4 ,what was that8 ,she flashed to her feet4 ,it seemed to her she had heard the sound of a shot1 and a quick1 brief wake of echoes4 ,she looked across the icy waste of the river1 and then up the tangled slopes of the mountain4 ,her heart was beating fast4 ,it must have been up there1 and no doubt ,trafford had killed his beast4 ,some shadow of doubt she would not admit crossed that obvious suggestion4 ,the wilderness was making her as nervously responsive as a creature of the wild4 ,there came a second shot2 this time there was no doubt of it4 ,then the desolate silence closed about her again4 ,marjorie stood for a long time1 staring at the shrubby slopes that rose to the barren rock wilderness of the purple mountain crest4 ,she sighed deeply at last1 and set herself to make up the fire and prepare for the midday meal4 ,once1 far away across the river1 she heard the howl of a wolf4 ,time seemed to pass very slowly that day4 ,marjorie found herself going repeatedly to the space between the day tent and the sleeping hut from which she could see the stunted wood that had swallowed her husband up1 and after what seemed a long hour her watch told her it was still only half-past twelve4 ,and the fourth or fifth time that she went to look out she was set a-tremble again by the sound of a third shot4 ,and then at regular intervals out of that distant brown-purple jumble of thickets against the snow came two more shots4 ,something has happened1 she said1 something has happened1 and stood rigid4 ,then she became active1 seized the rifle that was always at hand when she was alone1 fired into the sky1 and stood listening4 ,prompt came an answering shot4 ,he wants me1 said ,marjorie4 ,something--perhaps he has killed something too big to bring6 ,she was for starting at once1 and then remembered this was not the way of the wilderness4 ,she thought and moved very rapidly4 ,her mind catalogued possible requirements1--rifle1 hunting knife1 the oilskin bag with matches1 and some chunks of dry paper1 the vrucksack4 ,besides1 he would be hungry4 ,she took a saucepan and a huge chunk of cheese and biscuit4 ,then a brandy flask is sometimes handy--one never knows1--though nothing was wrong1 of course4 ,needles and stout thread1 and some cord4 ,snowshoes4 ,a waterproof cloak could be easily carried4 ,her light hatchet for wood4 ,she cast about to see if there was anything else4 ,she had almost forgotten cartridges--and a revolver4 ,nothing more4 ,she kicked a stray brand or so into the fire1 put on some more wood1 damped the fire with an armful of snow to make it last longer1 and set out toward the willows into which he had vanished4 ,there was a rustling and snapping of branches as she pushed her way through the bushes1 a little stir that died insensibly into quiet again2 and then the camping place became very still4 ,trafford's trail led ,marjorie through the thicket of dwarf willows and down to the gully of the rivulet which they had called ,marjorie ,trickle2 it had long since become a trough of snow-covered1 rotten ice4 ,the trail crossed this and1 turning sharply uphill1 went on until it was clear of shrubs and trees1 and1 in the windy open of the upper slopes1 it crossed a ridge and came over the lip of a large desolate valley with slopes of ice and icy snow4 ,here ,marjorie spent some time in following his loops back on the homeward trail before she saw what was manifestly the final trail running far away out across the snow1 with the vspoor of the lynx1 a lightly-dotted line1 to the right of it4 ,she followed this suggestion of the trail1 put on her snowshoes1 and shuffled her way across this valley1 which opened as she proceeded4 ,she hoped that over the ridge she would find ,trafford1 and scanned the sky for the faintest discoloration of a fire1 but there was none4 ,that seemed odd to her1 but the wind was in her face1 and perhaps it beat the smoke down4 ,then as her eyes scanned the hummocky ridge ahead1 she saw something1 something very intent and still1 that brought her heart into her mouth4 ,it was a big gray wolf1 standing with back haunched and head down1 watching and scenting something beyond4 ,marjorie had an instinctive fear of wild animals1 and it still seemed dreadful to her that they should go at large1 uncaged4 ,she suddenly wanted ,trafford violently1 wanted him by her side4 ,also1 she thought of leaving the trail1 going back to the bushes4 ,but presently her nerve returned4 ,in the wastes one did not fear wild beasts1 one had no fear of them4 ,but why not fire a shot to let him know she was near8 ,the beast flashed round with an animal's instantaneous change of pose1 and looked at her4 ,for a couple of seconds1 perhaps1 woman and brute regarded one another across a quarter of a mile of snowy desolation4 ,suppose it came toward her6 ,she would fire--and she would fire at it4 ,marjorie made a guess at the range and aimed very carefully4 ,she saw the snow fly two yards ahead of the grisly shape1 and then in an instant the beast had vanished over the crest4 ,she reloaded1 and stood for a moment waiting for ,trafford's answer4 ,no answer came4 ,queer6 she whispered1 queer6--and suddenly such a horror of anticipation assailed her that she started running and floundering through the snow to escape it4 ,twice she called his name1 and once she just stopped herself from firing a shot4 ,over the ridge she would find him4 ,surely she would find him over the ridge6 ,she now trampled among rocks1 and there was a beaten place where ,trafford must have waited and crouched4 ,then on and down a slope of tumbled boulders4 ,there came a patch where he had either thrown himself down or fallen2 it seemed to her he must have been running4 ,suddenly1 a hundred feet or so away1 she saw a patch of violently disturbed snow--snow stained a dreadful color1 a snow of scarlet crystals6 ,three strides and ,trafford was in sight4 ,she had a swift conviction that he was dead4 ,he was lying in a crumpled attitude on a patch of snow between vconvergent rocks1 and the lynx1 a mass of blood-smeared1 silvery fur1 was in some way mixed up with him4 ,she saw as she came nearer that the snow was disturbed round about them1 and discolored vcopiously1 yellow1 and in places bright red1 with congealed and frozen blood4 ,she felt no fear now and no emotion2 all her mind was engaged with the clear1 bleak perception of the fact before her4 ,she did not care to call to him again4 ,his head was hidden by the lynx's body1 as if he was burrowing underneath the creature2 his legs were twisted about each other in a queer1 unnatural attitude4 ,then1 as she dropped off a boulder1 and came nearer1 ,trafford moved4 ,a hand came out and gripped the rifle beside him2 he suddenly lifted a dreadful face1 horribly scarred and torn1 and crimson with frozen blood2 he pushed the gray beast aside1 rose on an elbow1 wiped his sleeve across his eyes1 stared at her1 grunted1 and flopped forward4 ,he had fainted4 ,marjorie was now as clear-minded and as self-possessed as a woman in a shop4 ,in another moment she was kneeling by his side4 ,she saw1 by the position of his knife and the huge rip in the beast's body1 that he had stabbed the lynx to death as it clawed his head2 he must have shot and wounded it and then fallen upon it4 ,his knitted cap was torn to ribbons1 and hung upon his neck4 ,also his leg was manifestly injured--how1 she could not tell4 ,it was evident that he must freeze if he lay here1 and it seemed to her that perhaps he had pulled the dead brute over him to protect his torn skin from the extremity of cold4 ,the lynx was already rigid1 its clumsy paws asprawl1--and the torn skin and clot upon ,trafford's face were stiff as she put her hands about his head to raise him4 ,she turned him over on his back--how heavy he seemed8--and forced brandy between his teeth4 ,then1 after a moment's hesitation1 she poured a little brandy on his wounds4 ,she glanced at his leg1 which was surely broken1 and back at his face4 ,then she gave him more brandy1 and his eyelids flickered4 ,he moved his hand weakly4 ,the blood1 he said1 kept getting in my eyes4 ,she gave him brandy once again1 wiped his face1 and glanced at his leg4 ,something ought to be done to that1 ,marjorie thought4 ,but things must be done in order4 ,the woman stared up at the darkling sky with its gray promise of snow1 and down the slopes of the mountain4 ,clearly they must stay the night here4 ,they were too high for wood among these rocks1 but three or four hundred yards below there were a number of dwarfed fir trees4 ,she had brought an ax1 so that a fire was possible4 ,should she go back to camp and get the tent8 ,trafford was trying to speak again4 ,i got-- ,yes8 ,got my leg in that crack4 ,was he able to advise her8 ,she looked at him1 and then perceived that she must bind up his head and face4 ,she knelt behind him and raised his head on her knee4 ,she had a thick silk neck muffler1 and this she supplemented by a band she cut and tore from her inner vest4 ,she bound this1 still warm from her body1 about him1 and wrapped her dark cloak round his shoulders4 ,the next thing was a fire4 ,five yards away1 perhaps1 a great mass of purple vgabbro hung over a patch of nearly snowless moss4 ,a hummock to the westward offered shelter from the bitter wind1 the icy draught1 that was soughing down the valley4 ,always in ,labrador1 if you can1 you camp against a rock surface2 it shelters you from the wind1 guards your back4 ,dear6 she said4 ,awful hole1 said ,trafford4 ,what8 she cried sharply4 ,put you in an awful hole1 he said4 ,eh8 ,listen1 she said1 and shook his shoulder4 ,look6 ,i want to get you up against that rock4 ,won't make much difference1 replied ,trafford1 and opened his eyes4 ,where8 he asked4 ,there4 ,he remained quite quiet for a second perhaps4 ,listen to me1 he said4 ,go back to camp4 ,yes1 she said4 ,go back to camp4 ,make a pack of all the strongest food--strenthin'--strengthrin' food--you know8 ,he seemed unable to express himself4 ,yes1 she said4 ,down the river4 ,down--down4 ,till you meet help4 ,leave you8 ,he nodded his head and winced4 ,you're always plucky1 he said4 ,look facts in the face4 ,children4 ,thought it over while you were coming4 ,a tear oozed from his eye4 ,don't be a fool1 ,madge4 ,kiss me good-by4 ,don't be a fool4 ,i'm done4 ,children4 ,she stared at him and her spirit was a luminous mist of tears4 ,you old coward1 she said in his ear1 and kissed the little patch of rough and bloody cheek beneath his eye4 ,then she knelt up beside him4 ,i'm boss now1 old man1 she said4 ,i want to get you to that place there under the rock4 ,if ,i drag1 can you help8 ,he answered obstinately3 ,you'd better go4 ,i'll make you comfortable first1 she returned4 ,he made an enormous effort1 and then1 with her quick help and with his back to her knee1 had raised himself on his elbows4 ,and afterward8 he asked4 ,build a fire4 ,wood8 ,down there4 ,two bits of wood tied on my leg--splints4 ,then ,i can drag myself4 ,see8 ,like a blessed old walrus4 ,he smiled and she kissed his bandaged face again4 ,else it hurts1 he apologized1 more than ,i can stand4 ,she stood up again1 put his rifle and knife to his hand1 for fear of that lurking wolf1 abandoning her own rifle with an effort1 and went striding and leaping from rock to rock toward the trees below4 ,she made the chips fly1 and was presently towing three venerable pine dwarfs1 bumping over rock and crevice1 back to ,trafford4 ,she flung them down1 stood for a moment bright and breathless1 then set herself to hack off the splints he needed from the biggest stem4 ,now1 she said1 coming to him4 ,a fool1 he remarked1 would have made the splints down there4 ,you're--good1 ,marjorie4 ,she lugged his leg out straight1 put it into the natural and least painful pose1 padded it with moss and her torn handkerchief1 and bound it up4 ,as she did so a handful of snowflakes came whirling about them4 ,she was now braced up to every possibility4 ,it never rains1 she said grimly1 but it pours1 and went on with her bone-setting4 ,he was badly weakened by pain and shock1 and once he spoke to her sharply4 ,sorry1 he said a moment later4 ,she rolled him over on his chest1 and left him to struggle to the shelter of the rock while she went for more wood4 ,the sky alarmed her4 ,the mountains up the valley were already hidden by driven rags of slaty snowstorms4 ,this time she found a longer but easier path for dragging her boughs and trees2 she determined she would not start the fire until nightfall1 nor waste any time in preparing food until then4 ,there were dead boughs for kindling--more than enough4 ,it was snowing quite fast by the time she got up to him with her second load1 and a premature twilight already obscured and exaggerated the rocks and mounds about her4 ,she gave some of her cheese to ,trafford1 and gnawed some herself on her way down to the wood again4 ,she regretted that she had brought neither candles nor lantern1 because then she might have kept on until the cold night stopped her1 and she reproached herself bitterly because she had brought no tea4 ,she could forgive herself the lantern1 for she had never expected to be out after dark1 but the tea was inexcusable4 ,she muttered self-reproaches while she worked like two men among the trees1 panting puffs of mist that froze upon her lips and iced the knitted wool that covered her chin4 ,why don't they teach a girl to handle an ax8 she cried4 ,,ii ,when at last the wolfish cold of the ,labrador night had come1 it found ,trafford and ,marjorie seated almost warmly on a bed of pine boughs between the sheltering dark rock behind and a big but well-husbanded fire in front1 drinking a queer-tasting but not unsavory soup of lynx-flesh1 which she had fortified with the remainder of the brandy4 ,then they tried roast lynx and ate a little1 and finished with some scraps of cheese and deep draughts of hot water4 ,the snowstorm poured incessantly out of the darkness to become flakes of burning fire in the light of the flames1 flakes that vanished magically1 but it only reached them and wetted them in occasional gusts4 ,what did it matter for the moment if the dim snowheaps rose and rose about them8 ,a glorious fatigue1 an immense self-satisfaction1 possessed ,marjorie2 she felt that they had both done well4 ,i am not afraid of to-morrow now1 she said at last4 ,trafford was smoking his pipe and did not speak for a moment4 ,nor ,i1 he said at last4 ,very likely we'll get through with it4 ,he added after a pause3 ,i thought ,i was done for4 ,a man--loses heart--after a loss of blood4 ,the leg's better8 ,hot as fire4 ,his humor hadn't left him4 ,it's a treat1 he said4 ,the hottest thing in ,labrador4 ,later ,marjorie slept1 but on a spring as it were1 lest the fire should fall4 ,she replenished it with boughs1 tucked in the half-burnt logs1 and went to sleep again4 ,then it seemed to her that some invisible hand was pouring a thin spirit on the flames that made them leap and crackle and spread north and south until they filled the heavens with a gorgeous glow4 ,the snowstorm was overpast1 leaving the sky clear and all the westward heaven alight with the trailing1 crackling1 leaping curtains of the vaurora1 brighter than she had ever seen them before4 ,quite clearly visible beyond the smolder of the fire1 a wintry waste of rock and snow1 boulder beyond boulder1 passed into a vdun obscurity4 ,the mountain to the right of them lay long and white and stiff1 a shrouded death4 ,all earth was dead and waste1 and the sky alive and coldly marvelous1 signalling and astir4 ,she watched the changing1 shifting colors1 and they made her think of the gathering banners of inhuman hosts1 the stir and marshaling of icy giants for ends stupendous and indifferent to all the trivial impertinence of man's existence6 ,marjorie felt a passionate desire to pray4 ,the bleak1 slow dawn found ,marjorie intently busy4 ,she had made up the fire1 boiled water and washed and dressed ,trafford's wounds1 and made another soup of lynx4 ,but ,trafford had weakened in the night2 the soup nauseated him2 he refused it and tried to smoke and was sick1 and then sat back rather despairfully after a second attempt to persuade her to leave him there to die4 ,this failure of his spirit distressed her and a little astonished her1 but it only made her more resolute to go through with her work4 ,she had awakened cold1 stiff and weary1 but her fatigue vanished with movement2 she toiled for an hour replenishing her pile of fuel1 made up the fire1 put his gun ready to his hand1 kissed him1 abused him lovingly for the trouble he gave her until his poor torn face lit in response1 and then parting on a note of cheerful confidence1 set out to return to the hut4 ,she found the way not altogether easy to make out2 wind and snow had left scarcely a trace of their tracks1 and her mind was full of the stores she must bring and the possibility of moving ,trafford nearer to the hut4 ,she was startled to see by the fresh1 deep spoor along the ridge how near the wolf had dared approach them in the darkness4 ,ever and again ,marjorie had to halt and look back to get her direction right4 ,as it was1 she came through the willow scrub nearly half a mile above the hut1 and had to follow the steep bank of the frozen river4 ,once she nearly slipped upon an icy slope of rock4 ,one possibility she did not dare to think of during that time--a blizzard now would cut her off absolutely from any return to ,trafford4 ,short of that1 she believed she could get through4 ,her quick mind was full of all she had to do4 ,at first she had thought chiefly of ,trafford's immediate necessities1 of food and some sort of shelter4 ,she had got a list of things in her head--meat extract1 bandages1 vcorrosive sublimate by way of antiseptic1 brandy1 a tin of beef1 some bread1 and so forth2 she went over it several times to be sure of it1 and then for a time she puzzled about a tent4 ,she thought she could manage a bale of blankets on her back1 and that she could rig a sleeping tent for herself and ,trafford out of them and some bent sticks4 ,the big tent would be too much to strike and shift4 ,and then her mind went on to a bolder enterprise1 which was to get him home4 ,the nearer she could bring him to the log hut1 the nearer they would be to supplies4 ,she cast about for some sort of sledge4 ,the snow was too soft and broken for runners1 especially among the trees1 but if she could get a flat of smooth wood1 she thought she might be able to drag him4 ,she decided to try the side of her bunk1 which she could easily get off4 ,she would have1 of course1 to run it edgewise through the thickets and across the ravine1 but after that she would have almost clear going up to the steep place of broken rocks within two hundred yards of him4 ,the idea of a sledge grew upon her1 and she planned to nail a rope along the edge and make a kind of harness for herself4 ,marjorie found the camping-place piled high with drifted snow1 which had invaded tent and hut1 and that some beast1 a wolverine she guessed1 had been into the hut1 devoured every candle-end and the uppers of ,trafford's well-greased second boots1 and had then gone to the corner of the store-shed and clambered up to the stores4 ,she took no account of its vdepredations there1 but set herself to make a sledge and get her supplies together4 ,there was a gleam of sunshine1 though she did not like the look of the sky and she was horribly afraid of what might be happening to ,trafford4 ,she carried her stuff through the wood and across the ravine1 and returned for her improvised sledge4 ,she was still struggling with that among the trees when it began to snow again4 ,it was hard then not to be frantic in her efforts4 ,as it was1 she packed her stuff so loosely on the planking that she had to repack it1 and she started without putting on her snowshoes1 and floundered fifty yards before she discovered that omission4 ,the snow was now falling fast1 darkling the sky and hiding everything but objects close at hand1 and she had to use all of her wits to determine her direction3 she knew she must go down a long slope and then up to the ridge1 and it came to her as a happy inspiration that if she bore to the left she might strike some recognizable vestige of her morning's trail4 ,she had read of people walking in circles when they have no light or guidance1 and that troubled her until she bethought herself of the little compass on her watch chain4 ,by that she kept her direction4 ,she wished very much she had timed herself across the waste1 so that she could tell when she approached the ridge4 ,soon her back and shoulders were aching violently1 and the rope across her chest was tugging like some evil-tempered thing4 ,but she did not dare to rest4 ,the snow was now falling thick and fast2 the flakes traced white spirals and made her head spin1 so that she was constantly falling away to the southwestward and then correcting herself by the compass4 ,she tried to think how this zig-zagging might affect her course1 but the snow whirls confused her mind and a growing anxiety would not let her pause to think4 ,marjorie felt blinded2 it seemed to be snowing inside her eyes so that she wanted to rub them4 ,soon the ground must rise to the ridge1 she told herself2 it must surely rise4 ,then the sledge came bumping at her heels and she perceived that she was going down hill4 ,she consulted the compass and found she was facing south4 ,she turned sharply to the right again4 ,the snowfall became a noiseless1 pitiless torture to sight and mind4 ,the sledge behind her struggled to hold her back1 and the snow balled under her snowshoes4 ,she wanted to stop and rest1 take thought1 sit for a moment4 ,she struggled with herself and kept on4 ,she tried walking with shut eyes1 and tripped and came near sprawling4 ,oh ,god6 she cried1 ,oh ,god6 too stupefied for more varticulate prayers4 ,she was leaden with fatigue4 ,would the rise of the ground to the ribs of rock never come8 ,a figure1 black and erect1 stood in front of her suddenly1 and beyond appeared a group of black1 straight antagonists4 ,she staggered on toward them1 gripping her rifle with some muddled idea of defense1 and in another moment she was brushing against the branches of a stunted fir1 which shed thick lumps of snow upon her feet4 ,what trees were these8 ,had she ever passed any trees8 ,no6 ,there were no trees on her way to ,trafford4 ,at that ,marjorie began whimpering like a tormented child4 ,but even as she wept1 she turned her sledge about to follow the edge of the wood4 ,she was too much downhill1 she thought1 and must bear up again4 ,she left the trees behind1 made an angle uphill to the right1 and was presently among trees again4 ,again she left them and again came back to them4 ,she screamed with anger and twitched her sledge along4 ,she wiped at the snowstorm with her arm as though to wipe it away2 she wanted to stamp on the universe4 ,and she ached1 she ached4 ,suddenly something caught her eye ahead1 something that gleamed2 it was exactly like a long1 bare1 rather pinkish bone standing erect on the ground4 ,just because it was strange and queer she ran forward to it4 ,as she came nearer1 she perceived that it was a streak of barked trunk2 a branch had been torn off a pine tree and the bark stripped down to the root4 ,and then came another1 poking its pinkish wounds above the snow4 ,and there were chips6 ,this filled her with wonder4 ,some one had been cutting wood6 ,there must be ,indians or trappers near1 she thought1 and of a sudden realized that the wood-cutter could be none other than herself4 ,she turned to the right and saw the rocks rising steeply1 close at hand4 ,oh ,ragg6 she cried1 and fired her rifle in the air4 ,ten seconds1 twenty seconds1 and then so loud and near it amazed her1 came his answering shot4 ,in another moment ,marjorie had discovered the trail she had made overnight and that morning by dragging firewood4 ,it was now a shallow1 soft white trench4 ,instantly her despair and fatigue had gone from her4 ,should she take a load of wood with her8 she asked herself1 in addition to the weight behind her1 and immediately had a better idea4 ,she would unload and pile her stuff here1 and bring him down on the sledge closer to the wood4 ,the woman looked about and saw two rocks that diverged1 with a space between4 ,she flashed schemes4 ,she would trample the snow hard and flat1 put her sledge on it1 pile boughs and make a canopy of blanket overhead and behind4 ,finally there would be a fine1 roaring fire in front4 ,she tossed her provisions down and ran up the broad windings of her pine-tree trail to ,trafford1 with the sledge bumping behind her4 ,marjorie ran as lightly as though she had done nothing that day4 ,she found ,trafford markedly recovered1 weak and quiet1 with snow drifting over his feet1 his rifle across his knees1 and his pipe alight4 ,back already-- ,he hesitated4 ,no grub8 ,the wife knelt over him1 gave his rough1 unshaven cheek a swift kiss1 and rapidly explained her plan4 ,marjorie carried it out with all of the will-power that was hers4 ,in three days' time1 in spite of the snow1 in spite of every other obstacle1 they were back in the hut1 and ,trafford was comfortably settled in bed4 ,the icy vastness of ,labrador still lay around them to infinite distances on every side1 but the two might laugh at storm and darkness now in their cosy hut1 with plenty of fuel and food and light4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,wells4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,i4 ,describe the location of ,trafford's camp2 also the coming of winter4 ,give in your own words an account of the adventure that befell the two4 ,,ii4 ,name some characteristics ,marjorie showed in the critical situation4 ,what did she do that impressed you most8 ,what would you have done in similar circumstances8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,youth--,joseph ,conrad4 ,prairie ,folks--,hamlin ,garland4 ,northern ,lights--,sir ,gilbert ,parker4 ,,the ,,bugle ,,song ,the splendor falls on castle walls ,the snowy summits old in story2 ,the long light shakes across the lakes1 ,and the wild cataract leaps in glory4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow1 set the wild echoes flying1 ,blow1 bugle2 answer1 echoes1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o hark1 ,o hear6 how thin and clear1 ,and thinner1 clearer1 farther going6 ,o1 sweet and far from cliff and scar ,the horns of ,elfland faintly blowing6 ,blow1 let us hear the purple glens replying3 ,blow1 bugle2 answer1 echoes1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o love1 they die in yon rich sky1 ,they faint on hill or field or river2 ,our echoes roll from soul to soul1 ,and grow for ever and for ever4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow1 set the wild echoes flying4 ,and answer1 echoes1 answer1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,the ,,siege ,,of ,,the ,,castle ,this story is an extract from ,sir ,walter ,scott's novel1 ,ivanhoe1 which describes life in ,england during the ,middle ,ages1 something more than a century after the ,norman ,conquest4 ,the hatred between the conquering ,normans and the conquered ,saxons still continued1 and is graphically pictured by ,scott4 ,ivanhoe centers about the household of one ,cedric the ,saxon1 who was a great upholder of the traditions of his unfortunate people4 ,wilfred of ,ivanhoe1 ,cedric's son1 entered the service of the ,norman king of ,england1 ,richard ,i1 and accompanied him to the ,holy ,land on the ,third ,crusade4 ,his father disowned the young knight for what he considered disloyalty to his ,saxon blood4 ,ivanhoe1 returning to ,england1 participated in a great tournament at ,ashby1 in which he won fame under the disguise of the ,disinherited ,knight4 ,among the other knights who took part in the tournament were the ,normans1 ,maurice de ,bracy1 ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf1 and ,brian de ,bois-,guilbert1 a ,knight ,templar4 ,two sides fought in the tournament1 one representing the ,english1 the other representing the foreign element in the land4 ,an unknown knight1 clad in black armor1 brought victory to the ,english side1 but left the field without disclosing his identity4 ,an archery contest held at the tournament was won by a wonderful bowman who gave his name as ,locksley4 ,ivanhoe1 who fought with great valor1 was badly wounded4 ,cedric had been accompanied to ,ashby by his beautiful ward1 the ,lady ,rowena1 whose wealth and loveliness excited the cupidity of the lawless ,norman knights4 ,the ,siege of the ,castle opens with ,cedric's discovery of his son's identity1 and recounts the stirring incidents that follow the tournament4 ,it gives a wonderful picture of warfare as it was hundreds of years ago1 before the age of gunpowder4 ,i ,when ,cedric the ,saxon saw his son drop down senseless in the great tournament at ,ashby1 his first impulse was to order him into the care of his own attendants1 but the words choked in his throat4 ,he could not bring himself to acknowledge1 in the presence of such an assembly1 the son whom he had renounced and disinherited for his allegiance to the ,norman king of ,england1 ,richard of the ,lion ,heart4 ,however1 he ordered one of the officers of his household1 his cupbearer1 to convey ,ivanhoe to ,ashby as soon as the crowd had dispersed4 ,but the man was anticipated in this good office4 ,the crowd dispersed1 indeed1 but the wounded knight was nowhere to be seen4 ,it seemed as if the fairies had conveyed ,ivanhoe from the spot2 and ,cedric's officer might have adopted some such theory to account for his disappearance1 had he not suddenly cast his eyes on a person attired like a squire1 in whom he recognized the features of his fellow-servant ,gurth1 who had run away from his master4 ,anxious about ,ivanhoe's fate1 ,gurth was searching for him everywhere and1 in so doing1 he neglected the concealment on which his own safety depended4 ,the cupbearer deemed it his duty to secure ,gurth as a fugitive of whose fate his master was to judge4 ,renewing his inquiries concerning the fate of ,ivanhoe1 all that the cupbearer could learn was that the knight had been raised by certain well-attired grooms1 under the direction of a veiled woman1 and placed in a litter1 which had immediately transported him out of the press4 ,the officer1 on receiving this intelligence1 resolved to return to his master1 carrying along with him ,gurth1 the swineherd1 as a deserter from ,cedric's service4 ,the ,saxon had been under intense vapprehensions concerning his son2 but no sooner was he informed that ,ivanhoe was in careful hands than paternal anxiety gave way anew to the feeling of injured pride and resentment at what he termed ,wilfred's vfilial disobedience4 ,let him wander his way1 said ,cedric2 let those leech his wounds for whose sake he encountered them4 ,he is fitter to do the juggling tricks of the ,norman chivalry than to maintain the fame and honor of his ,english ancestry with the vglaive and vbrown-bill1 the good old weapons of the country4 ,the old ,saxon now prepared for his return to ,rotherwood1 with his ward1 the ,lady ,rowena1 and his following4 ,it was during the bustle preceding his departure that ,cedric1 for the first time1 cast his eyes upon the deserter ,gurth4 ,he was in no very placid humor and wanted but a pretext for wreaking his anger upon some one4 ,the vgyves6 he cried4 ,dogs and villains1 why leave ye this knave unfettered8 ,without daring to remonstrate1 the companions of ,gurth bound him with a halter1 as the readiest cord which occurred4 ,he submitted to the operation without any protest1 except that he darted a reproachful look at his master4 ,to horse1 and forward6 ordered ,cedric4 ,it is indeed full time1 said the ,saxon prince ,athelstane1 who accompanied ,cedric1 for if we ride not faster1 the preparations for our supper will be altogether spoiled4 ,the travelers1 however1 used such speed as to reach the convent of ,saint ,withold's before the apprehended evil took place4 ,the abbot1 himself of ancient ,saxon descent1 received the noble ,saxons with the profuse hospitality of their nation1 wherein they indulged to a late hour4 ,they took leave of their reverend host the next morning after they had shared with him a vsumptuous breakfast1 which ,athelstane particularly appreciated4 ,the superstitious ,saxons1 as they left the convent1 were inspired with a feeling of coming evil by the behavior of a large1 lean black dog1 which1 sitting upright1 howled most piteously when the foremost riders left the gate1 and presently afterward1 barking wildly and jumping to and fro1 seemed bent on attaching itself to the party4 ,in my mind1 said ,athelstane1 we had better turn back and abide with the abbot until the afternoon4 ,it is unlucky to travel where your path is crossed by a monk1 a hare1 or a howling dog1 until you have eaten your next meal4 ,away6 said ,cedric impatiently2 the day is already too short for our journey4 ,for the dog1 ,i know it to be the cur of the runaway slave ,gurth1 a useless fugitive like its master4 ,so saying and rising at the same time in his stirrups1 impatient at the interruption of his journey1 he launched his vjavelin at poor ,fangs1 who1 having lost his master1 was now rejoicing at his reappearance4 ,the javelin inflicted a wound upon the animal's shoulder and narrowly missed pinning him to the earth2 ,fangs fled howling from the presence of the enraged vthane4 ,gurth's heart swelled within him1 for he felt this attempted slaughter of his faithful beast in a degree much deeper than the harsh treatment he had himself received4 ,having in vain raised his hand to his eyes1 he said to ,wamba1 the jester1 who1 seeing his master's ill humor1 had prudently retreated to the rear1 ,i pray thee1 do me the kindness to wipe my eyes with the skirt of thy mantle2 the dust offends me1 and these bonds will not let me help myself one way or another4 ,wamba did him the service he required1 and they rode side by side for some time1 during which ,gurth maintained a moody silence4 ,at length he could repress his feelings no longer4 ,friend ,wamba1 said he1 of all those who are fools enough to serve ,cedric1 thou alone hast sufficient dexterity to make thy folly acceptable to him4 ,go to him1 therefore1 and tell him that neither for love nor fear will ,gurth serve him longer4 ,he may strike the head from me--he may scourge me--he may load me with irons--but henceforth he shall never compel me either to love or obey him4 ,go to him and tell him that ,gurth renounces his service4 ,assuredly1 replied ,wamba1 fool as ,i am1 ,i will not do your fool's errand4 ,cedric hath another javelin stuck into his girdle1 and thou knowest he doth not always miss his mark4 ,i care not1 returned ,gurth1 how soon he makes a mark of me4 ,yesterday he left ,wilfred1 my young master1 in his blood4 ,to-day he has striven to kill the only other living creature that ever showed me kindness4 ,by ,saint ,edward1 ,saint ,dunstan1 ,saint ,withold1 and every other saint1 ,i will never forgive him6 ,at noon1 upon the motion of ,athelstane1 the travelers paused in a woodland shade by a fountain to repose their horses and partake of some provisions with which the hospitable abbot had loaded a vsumpter mule4 ,their repast was a pretty long one2 and the interruption made it impossible for them to hope to reach ,rotherwood without traveling all night1 a conviction which induced them to proceed on their way at a more hasty pace than they had hitherto used4 ,the travelers had now reached the verge of the wooded country and were about to plunge into its recesses1 held dangerous at that time from the number of outlaws whom oppression and poverty had driven to despair and who occupied the forests in such large bands as could easily bid defiance to the feeble police of the period4 ,from these rovers1 however1 ,cedric and ,athelstane accounted themselves secure1 as they had in attendance ten servants1 besides ,wamba and ,gurth1 whose aid could not be counted upon1 the one being a jester and the other a captive4 ,it may be added that in traveling thus late through the forest1 ,cedric and ,athelstane relied on their descent and character as well as their courage4 ,the outlaws were chiefly peasants and vyeomen of ,saxon descent1 and were generally supposed to respect the persons and property of their countrymen4 ,before long1 as the travelers journeyed on their way1 they were alarmed by repeated cries for assistance2 and when they rode up to the place whence the cries came1 they were surprised to find a horse-litter placed on the ground4 ,beside it sat a very beautiful young woman richly dressed in the ,jewish fashion1 while an old man1 whose yellow cap proclaimed him to belong to the same nation1 walked up and down with gestures of the deepest despair and wrung his hands4 ,when he began to come to himself out of his agony of terror1 the old man1 named ,isaac of ,york1 explained that he had hired a bodyguard of six men at ,ashby1 together with mules for carrying the litter of a sick friend4 ,this party had undertaken to escort him to ,doncaster4 ,they had come thus far in safety2 but having received information from a wood-cutter that a strong band of outlaws was lying in wait in the woods before them1 ,isaac's vmercenaries had not only taken to flight1 but had carried off the horses which bore the litter and left the ,jew and his daughter without the means either of defense or of retreat4 ,isaac ended by imploring the ,saxons to let him travel with them4 ,cedric and ,athelstane were somewhat in doubt as to what to do1 but the matter was settled by ,rowena's intervention4 ,the man is old and feeble1 she said to ,cedric1 the maiden young and beautiful1 their friend sick and in peril of his life4 ,we cannot leave them in this extremity4 ,let the men unload two of the sumpter-mules and put the baggage behind two of the vserfs4 ,the mules may transport the litter1 and we have led-horses for the old man and his daughter4 ,cedric readily assented to what was proposed1 and the change of baggage was hastily achieved2 for the single word outlaws rendered every one sufficiently alert1 and the approach of twilight made the sound yet more impressive4 ,amid the bustle1 ,gurth was taken from horseback1 in the course of which removal he prevailed upon the jester to slack the cord with which his arms were bound4 ,it was so negligently refastened1 perhaps intentionally1 on the part of ,wamba1 that ,gurth found no difficulty in freeing his arms altogether1 and then1 gliding into the thicket1 he made his escape from the party4 ,his departure was hardly noticed in the apprehension of the moment4 ,the path upon which the party traveled was now so narrow as not to admit1 with any sort of convenience1 above two riders abreast1 and began to descend into a dingle1 traversed by a brook1 the banks of which were broken1 swampy1 and overgrown with dwarf willows4 ,cedric and ,athelstane1 who were at the head of their vretinue1 saw the risk of being attacked in this pass1 but neither knew anything else to do than hasten through the defile as fast as possible4 ,advancing1 therefore1 without much order1 they had just crossed the brook with a part of their followers1 when they were assailed1 in front1 flank1 and rear at once1 by a band of armed men4 ,the shout of a ,white dragon6 ,saint ,george for merry ,england6 the war cry of the ,saxons1 was heard on every side1 and on every side enemies appeared with a rapidity of advance and attack which seemed to multiply their numbers4 ,both the ,saxon chiefs were made prisoners at the same moment4 ,cedric1 the instant an enemy appeared1 launched at him his javelin1 which1 taking better effect than that which he had hurled at ,fangs1 nailed the man against an oak-tree that happened to be close behind him4 ,thus far successful1 ,cedric spurred his horse against a second1 drawing his sword and striking with such inconsiderate fury that his weapon encountered a thick branch which hung over him1 and he was disarmed by the violence of his own blow4 ,he was instantly made prisoner and pulled from his horse by two or three of the vbanditti who crowded around him4 ,athelstane shared his captivity1 his bridle having been seized and he himself forcibly dismounted long before he could draw his sword4 ,the attendants1 embarrassed with baggage and surprised and terrified at the fate of their master1 fell an easy prey to the assailants2 while the ,lady ,rowena and the ,jew and his daughter experienced the same misfortune4 ,of all the train none escaped but ,wamba1 who showed upon the occasion much more courage than those who pretended to greater sense4 ,he possessed himself of a sword belonging to one of the domestics1 who was just drawing it1 laid it about him like a lion1 drove back several who approached him1 and made a brave though ineffectual effort to succor his master4 ,finding himself overpowered1 the jester threw himself from his horse1 plunged into a thicket1 and1 favored by the general confusion1 escaped from the scene of action4 ,suddenly a voice very near him called out in a low and cautious tone1 ,wamba6 and1 at the same time1 a dog which he recognized as ,fangs jumped up and fawned upon him4 ,gurth6 answered ,wamba with the same caution1 and the swineherd immediately stood before him4 ,what is the matter8 he asked4 ,what mean these cries and that clashing of swords8 ,only a trick of the times1 answered ,wamba4 ,they are all prisoners4 ,who are prisoners8 ,my lord1 and my lady1 and ,athelstane1 and the others4 ,in the name of ,god1 demanded ,gurth1 how came they prisoners8 and to whom8 ,they are prisoners to green vcassocks and black vvizors1 answered ,wamba4 ,they all lie tumbled about on the green1 like the crab-apples that you shake down to your swine4 ,and ,i would laugh at it1 added the honest jester1 if ,i could for weeping4 ,he shed tears of unfeigned sorrow4 ,gurth's countenance kindled4 ,wamba1 he said1 thou hast a weapon and thy heart was ever stronger than thy brain4 ,we are only two1 but a sudden attack from men of resolution might do much4 ,follow me6 ,whither1 and for what purpose8 asked the jester4 ,to rescue ,cedric4 ,but you renounced his service just now4 ,that1 said ,gurth1 was while he was fortunate4 ,follow me4 ,as the jester was about to obey1 a third person suddenly made his appearance and commanded them both to halt4 ,from his dress and arms ,wamba would have conjectured him to be one of the outlaws who had just assailed his master2 but1 besides that he wore no mask1 the glittering baldric across his shoulders1 with the rich bugle horn which it supported1 as well as the calm and commanding expression of his voice and manner1 made the jester recognize the archer who had won the prize at the tournament and who was known as ,locksley4 ,what is the meaning of all this8 the man demanded4 ,who are they that rifle and ransom and make prisoners in these forests8 ,you may look at their cassocks close by1 replied ,wamba1 and see whether they be thy children's coats or no1 for they are as like thine own as one green pea-pod is like another4 ,i will learn that presently1 returned ,locksley3 and ,i charge ye1 on peril of your lives1 not to stir from this place where ye stand until ,i have returned4 ,obey me1 and it shall be the better for you and your masters4 ,yet stay2 ,i must render myself as like these men as possible4 ,so saying1 he drew a vvizard from his pouch1 and1 repeating his charges to them to stand fast1 went to reconnoitre4 ,shall we stay1 ,gurth8 asked ,wamba2 or shall we give him vleg-bail8 ,in my foolish mind1 he had all the equipage of a thief too much in readiness to be himself a true man4 ,let him be the devil1 said ,gurth1 an he will4 ,we can be no worse for waiting his return4 ,if he belongs to that party1 he must already have given them the alarm1 and it will avail us nothing either to fight or fly4 ,the yeoman returned in the course of a few minutes4 ,friend ,gurth1 he said1 ,i have mingled among yon men and have learned to whom they belong1 and whither they are bound4 ,there is1 ,i think1 no chance that they will proceed to any actual violence against their prisoners4 ,for three men to attack them at this moment were little else than madness2 for they are good men of war and have1 as such1 placed sentinels to give the alarm when any one approaches4 ,but ,i trust soon to gather such a force as may act in defiance of all their precautions4 ,you are both servants1 and1 as ,i think1 faithful servants of ,cedric the ,saxon1 the friend of the rights of ,englishmen4 ,he shall not want ,english hands to help him in this extremity4 ,come then with me1 until ,i gather more aid4 ,so saying1 he walked through the wood at a great pace1 followed by the jester and the swineherd4 ,the three men proceeded with occasional converse but1 for the most part1 in silence for about three hours4 ,finally they arrived at a small opening in the forest1 in the center of which grew an oak-tree of enormous magnitude1 throwing its twisted branches in every direction4 ,beneath this tree four or five yeomen lay stretched on the ground1 while another1 as sentinel1 walked to and fro in the moonlight4 ,upon hearing the sound of feet approaching1 the watch instantly gave the alarm1 and the sleepers as suddenly started up and bent their bows4 ,six arrows placed on the string were pointed toward the quarter from which the travelers approached1 when their guide1 being recognized1 was welcomed with every token of respect and attachment4 ,where is the miller8 was ,locksley's first question4 ,on the road toward ,rotherham4 ,with how many8 demanded the leader1 for such he seemed to be4 ,with six men1 and good hope of booty1 if it please ,saint ,nicholas4 ,devoutly spoken1 said ,locksley4 ,and where is ,allan-a-,dale8 ,walked up toward the v,watling ,street1 to watch for the ,prior of ,jorvaulx4 ,that is well thought on also1 replied the captain4 ,and where is the friar8 ,in his cell4 ,thither will ,i go1 said ,locksley4 ,disperse and seek your companions4 ,collect what force you can1 for there's game afoot that must be hunted hard and will turn to bay4 ,meet me here at daybreak4 ,and stay1 he added2 ,i have forgotten what is most necessary of the whole4 ,two of you take the road quickly toward ,torquilstone1 the castle of v,front-de-,boeuf4 ,a set of gallants1 who have been vmasquerading in such guise as our own1 are carrying a band of prisoners thither4 ,watch them closely1 for1 even if they reach the castle before we collect our force1 our honor is concerned to punish them1 and we will find means to do so4 ,keep a good watch on them1 therefore1 and despatch one of your comrades to bring the news of the yeomen thereabouts4 ,the men promised obedience and departed on their several errands4 ,meanwhile1 their leader and his two companions1 who now looked upon him with great respect as well as some fear1 pursued their way to the chapel where dwelt the friar mentioned by ,locksley4 ,presently they reached a little moonlit glade1 in front of which stood an ancient and ruinous chapel and beside it a rude hermitage of stone half-covered with ivy vines4 ,the sounds which proceeded at that moment from the latter place were anything but churchly4 ,in fact1 the hermit and another voice were performing at the full extent of very powerful lungs an old drinking-song1 of which this was the burden3 ,come1 trowl the brown bowl to me1 ,bully boy1 bully boy2 ,come trowl the brown bowl to me3 ,ho6 jolly ,jenkin1 ,i spy a knave drinking2 ,come trowl the brown bowl to me4 ,now1 that is not ill sung1 said ,wamba1 who had thrown in a few of his own flourishes to help out the chorus4 ,but who1 in the saint's name1 ever expected to have heard such a jolly chant come from a hermit's cell at midnight8 ,marry1 that should ,i1 said ,gurth1 for the jolly ,clerk of ,copmanhurst is a known man and kills half the deer that are stolen in this walk4 ,men say that the deer-keeper has complained of him and that he will be stripped of his vcowl and vcope altogether if he keep not better order4 ,while they were thus speaking1 ,locksley's loud and repeated knocks had at length disturbed the vanchorite and his guest1 who was a knight of singularly powerful build and open1 handsome face1 and in black armor4 ,by my beads1 said the hermit1 here come other guests4 ,i would not for my cowl that they found us in this goodly exercise4 ,all men have enemies1 sir knight2 and there be those malignant enough to construe the hospitable refreshment ,i have been offering to you1 a weary traveler1 into drinking and gluttony1 vices alike alien to my profession and my disposition4 ,base vcalumniators6 replied the knight4 ,i would ,i had the chastising of them4 ,nevertheless1 holy clerk1 it is true that all have their enemies2 and there be those in this very land whom ,i would rather speak to through the bars of my helmet than bare-faced4 ,get thine iron pot on thy head1 then1 sir knight1 said the hermit1 while ,i remove these pewter flagons4 ,he struck up a thundering v,de profundis clamavi1 under cover of which he removed the apparatus of their banquet1 while the knight1 laughing heartily and arming himself all the while1 assisted his host with his voice from time to time as his mirth permitted4 ,what devil's vmatins are you after at this hour8 demanded a voice from outside4 ,heaven forgive you1 sir traveler6 said the hermit1 whose own noise prevented him from recognizing accents which were tolerably familiar to him4 ,wend on your way1 in the name of ,god and ,saint ,dunstan1 and disturb not the devotions of me and my holy brother4 ,mad priest1 answered the voice from without2 open to ,locksley6 ,all's safe--all's right1 said the hermit to his companion4 ,but who is he8 asked the ,black ,knight4 ,it imports me much to know4 ,who is he8 answered the hermit4 ,i tell thee he is a friend4 ,but what friend8 persisted the knight2 for he may be a friend to thee and none of mine4 ,what friend8 replied the hermit2 that now is one of the questions that is more easily asked than answered4 ,well1 open the door1 ordered the knight1 before he beat it from its hinges4 ,the hermit speedily unbolted his portal and admitted ,locksley1 with his two companions4 ,why1 hermit1 was the yeoman's first question as soon as he beheld the knight1 what boon companion hast thou here8 ,a brother of our order1 replied the friar1 shaking his head2 we have been at our devotions all night4 ,he is a monk of the church militant1 answered ,locksley2 and there be more of them abroad4 ,i tell thee1 friar1 thou must lay down the vrosary and take up the vquarter-staff2 we shall need every one of our merry men1 whether clerk or layman4 ,but1 he added1 taking a step aside1 art thou mad--to give admittance to a knight thou dost not know8 ,hast thou forgotten our agreement8 ,good yeoman1 said the knight1 coming forward1 be not wroth with my merry host4 ,he did but afford me the hospitality which ,i would have compelled from him if he had refused it4 ,thou compel6 cried the friar4 ,wait but till ,i have changed this gray gown for a green cassock1 and if ,i make not a quarter-staff ring twelve upon thy pate1 ,i am neither true clerk nor good woodsman4 ,while he spoke thus he stript off his gown and appeared in a close buckram doublet and lower garment1 over which he speedily did on a cassock of green and hose of the same color4 ,i pray thee vtruss my points1 he said to ,wamba1 and thou shalt have a cup of sack for thy labor4 v,gramercy for thy sack1 returned ,wamba2 but thinkest thou that it is lawful for me to aid you to transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester8 ,so saying1 he accommodated the friar with his assistance in tying the endless number of points1 as the laces which attached the hose to the doublet were then termed4 ,while they were thus employed1 ,locksley led the knight a little apart and addressed him thus3 ,deny it not1 sir knight1 you are he who played so glorious a part at the tournament at ,ashby4 ,and what follows1 if you guess truly1 good yeoman8 ,for my purpose1 said the yeoman1 thou shouldst be as well a good ,englishman as a good knight2 for that which ,i have to speak of concerns1 indeed1 the duty of every honest man1 but is more especially that of a true-born native of ,england4 ,you can speak to no one1 replied the knight1 to whom ,england1 and the life of every ,englishman1 can be dearer than to me4 ,i would willingly believe so1 said the woodsman2 and never had this country such need to be supported by those who love her4 ,a band of villains1 in the disguise of better men than themselves1 have become masters of the persons of a noble ,englishman named ,cedric the ,saxon1 together with his ward and his friend1 ,athelstane of ,coningsburgh1 and have transported them to a castle in this forest called ,torquilstone4 ,i ask of thee1 as a good knight and a good ,englishman1 wilt thou aid in their rescue8 ,i am bound by my vow to do so1 replied the knight2 but ,i would willingly know who you are who request my assistance in their behalf8 ,i am1 said the forester1 a nameless man2 but ,i am a friend of my country and my country's friends4 ,believe1 however1 that my word1 when pledged1 is as vinviolate as if ,i wore golden spurs4 ,i willingly believe it1 returned the knight4 ,i have been accustomed to study men's countenances1 and ,i can read in thine honesty and resolution4 ,i will1 therefore1 ask thee no farther questions but aid thee in setting at freedom these oppressed captives1 which done1 ,i trust we shall part better acquainted and well satisfied with each other4 ,when the friar was at length ready1 ,locksley turned to his companions4 ,come on1 my masters1 he said2 tarry not to talk4 ,i say1 come on3 we must collect all our forces1 and few enough shall we have if we are to storm the castle of ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,,ii ,while these measures were taking in behalf of ,cedric and his companions1 the armed men by whom the latter had been seized hurried their captives along toward the place of security1 where they intended to imprison them4 ,but darkness came on fast1 and the paths of the wood seemed but imperfectly known to the vmarauders4 ,they were compelled to make several long halts and once or twice to return on their road to resume the direction which they wished to pursue4 ,it was1 therefore1 not until the light of the summer morn had dawned upon them that they could travel in full assurance that they held the right path4 ,in vain ,cedric vexpostulated with his guards1 who refused to break their silence for his wrath or his protests4 ,they continued to hurry him along1 traveling at a very rapid rate1 until1 at the end of an avenue of huge trees1 arose ,torquilstone1 the hoary and ancient castle of ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,it was a fortress of no great size1 consisting of a donjon1 or large and high square tower1 surrounded by buildings of inferior height4 ,around the exterior wall was a deep moat1 supplied with water from a neighboring rivulet4 ,front-de-,boeuf1 whose character placed him often at feud with his neighbors1 had made considerable additions to the strength of his castle by building towers upon the outward wall1 so as to flank it at every angle4 ,the access1 as usual in castles of the period1 lay through an arched vbarbican or outwork1 which was defended by a small turret4 ,cedric no sooner saw the turrets of ,front-de-,boeuf's castle raise their gray and moss-grown battlements1 glimmering in the morning sun1 above the woods by which they were surrounded than he instantly augured more truly concerning the cause of his misfortune4 ,i did injustice1 he said1 to the thieves and outlaws of these woods1 when ,i supposed such banditti to belong to their bands4 ,i might as justly have confounded the foxes of these brakes with the ravening wolves of ,france6 ,arrived before the castle1 the prisoners were compelled by their guards to alight and were hastened across the drawbridge into the castle4 ,they were immediately conducted to an apartment where a hasty repast was offered them1 of which none but ,athelstane felt any inclination to partake4 ,neither did he have much time to do justice to the good cheer placed before him1 for the guards gave him and ,cedric to understand that they were to be imprisoned in a chamber apart from ,rowena4 ,resistance was vain2 and they were compelled to follow to a large room1 which1 rising on clumsy ,saxon pillars1 resembled the vrefectories and chapter-houses which may still be seen in the most ancient parts of our most ancient monasteries4 ,the ,lady ,rowena was next separated from her train and conducted with courtesy1 indeed1 but still without consulting her inclination1 to a distant apartment4 ,the same alarming distinction was conferred on the young ,jewess1 ,rebecca1 in spite of the entreaties of her father1 who offered money in the extremity of his distress that she might be permitted to abide with him4 ,base unbeliever1 answered one of his guards1 when thou hast seen thy lair1 thou wilt not wish thy daughter to partake it4 ,without further discussion1 the old ,jew was dragged off in a different direction from the other prisoners4 ,the domestics1 after being searched and disarmed1 were confined in another part of the castle4 ,the three leaders of the banditti and the men who had planned and carried out the outrage1 ,norman knights1--,front-de-,boeuf1 the brutal owner of the castle2 ,maurice de ,bracy1 a free-lance1 who sought to wed the ,lady ,rowena by force and so had arranged the attack1 and ,brian de v,bois-,guilbert1 a distinguished member of the famous order of v,knights ,templar1--had a short discussion together and then separated4 ,front-de-,boeuf immediately sought the apartment where ,isaac of ,york tremblingly awaited his fate4 ,the ,jew had been hastily thrown into a dungeon-vault of the castle1 the floor of which was deep beneath the level of the earth1 and very damp1 being lower than the moat itself4 ,the only light was received through one or two loop-holes far above the reach of the captive's hand4 ,these vapertures admitted1 even at midday1 only a dim and uncertain light1 which was changed for utter darkness long before the rest of the castle had lost the blessing of day4 ,chains and shackles1 which had been the portion of former captives1 hung rusted and empty on the walls of the prison1 and in the rings of one of these sets of fetters there remained two moldering bones which seemed those of the human leg4 ,at one end of this ghastly apartment was a large fire-grate1 over the top of which were stretched some transverse iron bars1 half devoured with rust4 ,the whole appearance of the dungeon might have appalled a stouter heart than that of ,isaac1 who1 nevertheless1 was more composed under the imminent pressure of danger than he had seemed to be while affected by terrors of which the cause was as yet remote and vcontingent4 ,it was not the first time that ,isaac had been placed in circumstances so dangerous4 ,he had1 therefore1 experience to guide him1 as well as a hope that he might again be delivered from the peril4 ,the ,jew remained without altering his position for nearly three hours1 at the end of which time steps were heard on the dungeon stair4 ,the bolts screamed as they were withdrawn1 the hinges creaked as the wicket opened1 and ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf1 followed by two ,saracen slaves of the ,templar1 entered the prison4 ,front-de-,boeuf1 a tall and strong man1 whose life had been spent in public war or in private feuds and broils and who had hesitated at no means of extending his vfeudal power1 had features corresponding to his character1 and which strongly expressed the fiercer and more evil passions of the mind4 ,the scars with which his visage was seamed would1 on features of a different cast1 have excited the sympathy due to the marks of honorable valor2 but in the peculiar case of ,front-de-,boeuf they only added to the ferocity of his countenance and to the dread which his presence inspired4 ,the formidable baron was clad in a leathern doublet1 fitted close to his body1 which was frayed and soiled with the stains of his armor4 ,he had no weapon1 except a vponiard at his belt1 which served to counter-balance the weight of the bunch of rusty keys that hung at his right side4 ,the black slaves who attended ,front-de-,boeuf were attired in jerkins and trousers of coarse linen1 their sleeves being tucked up above the elbow1 like those of butchers when about to exercise their functions in the slaughter-house4 ,each had in his hand a small vpannier2 and when they entered the dungeon1 they paused at the door until ,front-de-,boeuf himself carefully locked and double-locked it4 ,having taken this precaution1 he advanced slowly up the apartment toward the ,jew1 upon whom he kept his eye fixed as if he wished to paralyze him with his glance1 as some animals are said to fascinate their prey4 ,the ,jew sat with his mouth agape and his eyes fixed on the savage baron with such earnestness of terror that his frame seemed literally to shrink together and diminish in size while encountering the fierce ,norman's fixed and baleful gaze4 ,the unhappy ,isaac was deprived not only of the power of rising to make the vobeisance which his fear had dictated1 but he could not even doff his cap or utter any word of supplication1 so strongly was he agitated by the conviction that tortures and death were impending over him4 ,on the other hand1 the stately form of the ,norman appeared to dilate in magnitude1 like that of the eagle1 which ruffles up its plumage when about to pounce on its defenseless prey4 ,he paused within three steps of the corner in which the unfortunate ,hebrew had now1 as it were1 coiled himself up into the smallest possible space1 and made a sign for one of the slaves to approach4 ,the black vsatellite came forward accordingly1 and producing from his basket a large pair of scales and several weights1 he laid them at the feet of ,front-de-,boeuf and retired to the respectful distance at which his companion had already taken his station4 ,the motions of these men were slow and solemn1 as if there impended over their souls some vpreconception of horror and cruelty4 ,front-de-,boeuf himself opened the scene by addressing his ill-fated captive4 ,most accursed dog1 he said1 awakening with his deep and sullen voice the echoes of the dungeon vault1 seest thou these scales8 ,the unhappy ,jew returned a feeble affirmative4 ,in these very scales shalt thou weigh me out1 said the relentless baron1 a thousand silver pounds1 after the just measure and weight of the ,tower of ,london4 ,holy ,abraham6 returned the ,jew1 finding voice through the very extremity of his danger2 heard man ever such a demand8 ,who ever heard1 even in a minstrel's tale1 of such a sum as a thousand pounds of silver8 ,what human eyes were ever blessed with the sight of so great a mass of treasure8 ,not within the walls of ,york1 ransack my house and that of all my tribe1 wilt thou find the vtithe of that huge sum of silver that thou speakest of4 ,i am reasonable1 answered ,front-de-,boeuf1 and if silver be scant1 ,i refuse not gold4 ,at the rate of a mark of gold for each six pounds of silver1 thou shalt free thy unbelieving carcass from such punishment as thy heart has never even conceived in thy wildest imaginings4 ,have mercy on me1 noble knight6 pleaded ,isaac4 ,i am old1 and poor1 and helpless4 ,it were unworthy to triumph over me4 ,it is a poor deed to crush a worm4 ,old thou mayst be1 replied the knight1 and feeble thou mayst be2 but rich it is known thou art4 ,i swear to you1 noble knight1 said ,isaac1 by all which ,i believe and all which we believe in common-- ,perjure not thyself1 interrupted the ,norman1 and let not thy obstinacy seal thy doom1 until thou hast seen and well considered the fate that awaits thee4 ,this prison is no place for trifling4 ,prisoners ten thousand times more distinguished than thou have died within these walls1 and their fate has never been known4 ,but for thee is reserved a long and lingering death1 to which theirs was luxury4 ,he again made a signal for the slaves to approach and spoke to them apart in their own language2 for he had been a crusader in ,palestine1 where1 perhaps1 he had learned his lesson of cruelty4 ,the ,saracens produced from their baskets a quantity of charcoal1 a pair of bellows1 and a flask of oil4 ,while the one struck a light with a flint and steel1 the other disposed the charcoal in the large rusty grate which we have already mentioned and exercised the bellows until the fuel came to a red glow4 ,seest thou1 ,isaac1 said ,front-de-,boeuf1 the range of iron bars above that glowing charcoal8 ,on that warm couch thou shalt lie1 stripped of thy clothes as if thou wert to rest on a bed of down4 ,one of these slaves shall maintain the fire beneath thee1 while the other shall anoint thy wretched limbs with oil1 lest the roast should burn4 ,now choose betwixt such a scorching bed and the payment of a thousand pounds of silver2 for1 by the head of my father1 thou hast no other voption4 ,it is impossible1 exclaimed the miserable ,isaac2 it is impossible that your purpose can be real6 ,the good ,god of nature never made a heart capable of exercising such cruelty6 ,trust not to that1 ,isaac1 said ,front-de-,boeuf2 it were a fatal error4 ,dost thou think that ,i who have seen a town sacked1 in which thousands perished by sword1 by flood1 and by fire1 will blench from my purpose for the outcries of a single wretch8 ,be wise1 old man2 discharge thyself of a portion of thy superfluous wealth2 repay to the hands of a ,christian a part of what thou hast acquired by vusury4 ,thy cunning may soon swell out once more thy shriveled purse1 but neither leech nor medicine can restore thy scorched hide and flesh wert thou once stretched on these bars4 ,tell down thy vransom1 ,i say1 and rejoice that at such a rate thou canst redeem thyself from a dungeon1 the secrets of which few have returned to tell4 ,i waste no more words with thee4 ,choose between thy vdross and thy flesh and blood1 and as thou choosest so shall it be4 ,so may ,abraham and all the fathers of our people assist me6 said ,isaac2 ,i cannot make the choice because ,i have not the means of satisfying your vexorbitant demand6 ,seize him and strip him1 slaves1 said the knight4 ,the assistants1 taking their directions more from the baron's eye and hand than his tongue1 once more stepped forward1 laid hands on the unfortunate ,isaac1 plucked him up from the ground1 and holding him between them1 waited the hard-hearted baron's further signal4 ,the unhappy man eyed their countenances and that of ,front-de-,boeuf in the hope of discovering some symptoms of softening2 but that of the baron showed the same cold1 half-sullen1 half-sarcastic smile1 which had been the prelude to his cruelty2 and the savage eyes of the ,saracens1 rolling gloomily under their dark brows1 evinced rather the secret pleasure which they expected from the approaching scene than any reluctance to be its agents4 ,the ,jew then looked at the glowing furnace1 over which he was presently to be stretched1 and1 seeing no chance of his tormentor's relenting1 his resolution gave way4 ,i will pay1 he said1 the thousand pounds of silver--that is1 ,i will pay it with the help of my brethren1 for ,i must beg as a mendicant at the door of our synagogue ere ,i make up so unheard-of a sum4 ,when and where must it be delivered8 he inquired with a sigh4 ,here1 replied ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,weighed it must be--weighed and told down on this very dungeon floor4 ,thinkest thou ,i will part with thee until thy ransom is secure8 ,then let my daughter ,rebecca go forth to ,york1 said ,isaac1 with your safe conduct1 noble knight1 and so soon as man and horse can return1 the treasure-- ,here he groaned deeply1 but added1 after the pause of a few seconds1--the treasure shall be told down on this floor4 ,thy daughter6 said ,front-de-,boeuf1 as if surprised4 ,by ,heavens1 ,isaac1 ,i would ,i had known of this6 ,i gave yonder black-browed girl to ,sir ,brian de ,bois-,guilbert1 to be his prisoner4 ,she is not in my power4 ,the yell which ,isaac raised at this unfeeling communication made the very vault to ring1 and astounded the two ,saracens so much that they let go their hold of the victim4 ,he availed himself of his freedom to throw himself on the pavement and clasp the knees of ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,take all that you have asked1 said he--take ten times more--reduce me to ruin and to beggary1 if thou wilt--nay1 pierce me with thy poniard1 broil me on that furnace1 but spare my daughter6 ,will you deprive me of my sole remaining comfort in life8 ,i would1 said the ,norman1 somewhat relenting1 that ,i had known of this before4 ,i thought you loved nothing but your money-bags4 ,think not so vilely of me1 returned ,isaac1 eager to improve the moment of apparent sympathy4 ,i love mine own1 even as the hunted fox1 the tortured wildcat loves its young4 ,be it so1 said ,front-de-,boeuf2 but it aids us not now4 ,i cannot help what has happened or what is to follow4 ,my word is passed to my comrade in arms that he shall have the maiden as his share of the spoil1 and ,i would not break it for ten ,jews and ,jewesses to boot4 ,take thought instead to pay me the ransom thou hast promised1 or woe betide thee6 ,robber and villain6 cried the ,jew1 ,i will pay thee nothing--not one silver penny will ,i pay thee unless my daughter is delivered to me in safety6 ,art thou in thy senses1 ,israelite8 asked the ,norman sternly4 ,hast thy flesh and blood a charm against heated iron and scalding oil8 ,i care not6 replied the ,jew1 rendered desperate by paternal affection2 my daughter is my flesh and blood1 dearer to me a thousand times than those limbs thy cruelty threatens4 ,no silver will ,i give thee unless ,i were to pour it molten down thy vavaricious throat--no1 not a silver penny will ,i give thee1 v,nazarene1 were it to save thee from the deep damnation thy whole life has merited4 ,take my life1 if thou wilt1 and say that the ,jew1 amidst his tortures1 knew how to disappoint the ,christian4 ,we shall see that1 said ,front-de-,boeuf2 for by the blessed vrood thou shalt feel the extremities of fire and steel6 ,strip him1 slaves1 and chain him down upon the bars4 ,in spite of the feeble struggles of the old man1 the ,saracens had already torn from him his upper garment and were proceeding totally to disrobe him1 when the sound of a bugle1 twice winded without the castle1 penetrated even to the recesses of the dungeon4 ,immediately after voices were heard calling for ,sir ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,unwilling to be found engaged in his hellish occupation1 the savage baron gave the slaves a signal to restore ,isaac's garment2 and1 quitting the dungeon with his attendants1 he left the ,jew to thank ,god for his own deliverance or to lament over his daughter's captivity1 as his personal or parental feelings might prove the stronger4 ,,iii ,when the bugle sounded1 ,de ,bracy was engaged in pressing his suit with the ,saxon heiress ,rowena1 whom he had carried off under the impression that she would speedily surrender to his rough wooing4 ,but he found her vobdurate as well as tearful and in no humor to listen to his professions of devotion4 ,it was1 therefore1 with some relief that the free-lance heard the summons at the barbican4 ,going into the hall of the castle1 ,de ,bracy was presently joined by ,bois-,guilbert4 ,where is ,front-de-,boeuf6 the latter asked4 ,he is vnegotiating with the ,jew1 ,i suppose1 replied ,de ,bracy1 coolly2 probably the howls of ,isaac have drowned the blast of the bugle4 ,but we will make the vvassals call him4 ,they were soon after joined by ,front-de-,boeuf1 who had only tarried to give some necessary directions4 ,let us see the cause of this cursed clamor1 he said4 ,here is a letter which has just been brought in1 and1 if ,i mistake not1 it is in ,saxon4 ,he looked at it1 turning it round and round as if he had some hopes of coming at the meaning by inverting the position of the paper1 and then handed it to ,de ,bracy4 ,it may be magic spells for aught ,i know1 said ,de ,bracy1 who possessed his full proportion of the ignorance which characterized the chivalry of the period4 ,give it to me1 said the ,templar4 ,we have that of the priestly character that we have some knowledge to enlighten our valor4 ,let us profit by your most reverend knowledge1 then1 returned ,de ,bracy4 ,what says the scroll8 ,it is a formal letter of defiance1 answered ,bois-,guilbert2 but1 by our ,lady of ,bethlehem1 if it be not a foolish jest1 it is the most extraordinary vcartel that ever went across the drawbridge of a baronial castle4 ,jest6 exclaimed ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,i would gladly know who dares jest with me in such a matter6 ,read it1 ,sir ,brian4 ,the ,templar accordingly read as follows3 ,i1 ,wamba1 the son of ,witless1 jester to a noble and free-born man1 ,cedric of ,rotherwood1 called the ,saxon3 and ,i1 ,gurth1 the son of ,beowulph1 the swineherd-- ,thou art mad6 cried ,front-de-,boeuf1 interrupting the reader4 ,by ,saint ,luke1 it is so set down1 answered the ,templar4 ,then1 resuming his task1 he went on3 ,i1 ,gurth1 the son of ,beowulph1 swineherd unto the said ,cedric1 with the assistance of our allies and confederates1 who make common cause with us in this our feud1 namely1 the good knight1 called for the present the ,black ,knight1 and the stout yeoman1 ,robert ,locksley1 called ,cleve-the-wand3 ,do you1 ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf1 and your allies and accomplices whomsoever1 to wit1 that whereas you have1 without cause given or feud declared1 wrongfully and by mastery1 seized upon the person of our lord and master1 the said ,cedric2 also upon the person of a noble and free-born damsel1 the ,lady ,rowena2 also upon the person of a noble and free-born man1 ,athelstane of ,coningsburgh2 also upon the persons of certain free-born men1 their vassals2 also upon certain serfs1 their born bondsmen2 also upon a certain ,jew1 named ,isaac of ,york1 together with his daughter1 and certain horses and mules3 therefore1 we require and demand that the said persons be within an hour after the delivery hereof delivered to us1 untouched and unharmed in body and goods4 ,failing of which1 we do pronounce to you that we hold ye as robbers and traitors and will wager our bodies against ye in battle and do our utmost to your destruction4 ,signed by us upon the eve of ,saint ,withold's day1 under the great oak in the ,hart-hill ,walk1 the above being written by a holy man1 clerk to ,god and ,saint ,dunstan in the chapel of ,copmanhurst4 ,the knights heard this uncommon document read from end to end and then gazed upon each other in silent amazement1 as being utterly at a loss to know what it could portend4 ,de ,bracy was the first to break silence by an uncontrollable fit of laughter1 wherein he was joined1 though with more moderation1 by the ,templar4 ,front-de-,boeuf1 on the contrary1 seemed impatient of their ill-timed vjocularity4 ,i give you plain warning1 he said1 fair sirs1 that you had better consult how to bear yourselves under these circumstances than to give way to such misplaced merriment4 ,front-de-,boeuf has not recovered his temper since his overthrow in the tournament1 said ,de ,bracy to the ,templar4 ,he is cowed at the very idea of a cartel1 though it be from a fool and a swineherd4 ,i would thou couldst stand the whole brunt of this adventure thyself1 ,de ,bracy1 answered ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,these fellows dared not to have acted with such inconceivable impudence had they not been supported by some strong bands4 ,there are enough outlaws in this forest to resent my protecting the deer4 ,i did but tie one fellow1 who was taken red-handed and in the fact1 to the horns of a wild stag1 which gored him to death in five minutes1 and ,i had as many arrows shot at me as were launched in the tournament4 ,here1 fellow1 he added to one of his attendants1 hast thou sent out to see by what force this precious challenge is to be supported8 ,there are at least two hundred men assembled in the woods1 answered a squire who was in attendance4 ,here is a proper matter6 said ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,this comes of lending you the use of my castle4 ,you cannot manage your undertaking quietly1 but you must bring this nest of hornets about my ears6 ,of hornets8 echoed ,de ,bracy4 ,of stingless drones rather--a band of lazy knaves who take to the wood and destroy the venison rather than labor for their maintenance4 ,stingless6 replied ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,fork-headed shafts of a cloth-yard in length1 and these shot within the breadth of a ,french crown1 are sting enough4 ,for shame1 sir knight6 said the ,templar4 ,let us summon our people and sally forth upon them4 ,one knight--ay1 one man-at-arms--were enough for twenty such peasants4 ,enough1 and too much1 agreed ,de ,bracy4 ,i should be ashamed to couch lance against them4 ,true1 answered ,front-de-,boeuf1 drily1 were they black ,turks or ,moors1 ,sir ,templar1 or the craven peasants of ,france1 most valiant ,de ,bracy2 but these are ,english yeomen1 over whom we shall have no advantage save what we may derive from our arms and horses1 which will avail us little in the glades of the forest4 ,sally1 saidst thou8 ,we have scarce men enough to defend the castle4 ,the best of mine are at ,york2 so is your band1 ,de ,bracy2 and we have scarce twenty1 besides the handful that were engaged in this mad business4 ,thou dost not fear1 said the ,templar1 that they can assemble in force sufficient to attempt the castle8 ,not so1 ,sir ,brian1 answered ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,these outlaws have indeed a daring captain2 but without machines1 scaling ladders1 and experienced leaders my castle may defy them4 ,send to thy neighbors1 suggested the ,templar4 ,let them assemble their people and come to the rescue of three knights1 besieged by a jester and swineherd in the baronial castle of ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf6 ,you jest1 sir knight1 answered the baron2 but to whom shall ,i send8 ,my allies are at ,york1 where ,i should have also been but for this infernal enterprise4 ,then send to ,york and recall our people1 said ,de ,bracy4 ,if these vchurls abide the shaking of my standard1 ,i will give them credit for the boldest outlaws that ever bent bow in greenwood4 ,and who shall bear such a message8 said ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,the knaves will beset every path and rip the errand out of the man's bosom4 ,i have it1 he added1 after pausing for a moment4 ,sir ,templar1 thou canst write as well as read1 and if we can but find writing materials1 thou shalt return an answer to this bold challenge4 ,paper and pen were presently brought1 and ,bois-,guilbert sat down and wrote1 in the ,french language1 an epistle of the following tenor3 ,sir ,reginald ,front-de-,boeuf1 with his noble and knightly allies and confederates1 receives no defiances at the hands of slaves1 bondsmen1 or fugitives4 ,if the person calling himself the ,black ,knight hath indeed a claim to the honors of chivalry1 he ought to know that he stands degraded by his present association and has no right to ask reckoning at the hands of good men of noble blood4 ,touching the prisoners we have made1 we do in ,christian charity require you to send a man of religion to receive their confession and reconcile them with ,god2 since it is our fixed intention to execute them this morning before noon1 so that their heads1 being placed on the battlements1 shall show to all men how lightly we esteem those who have bestirred themselves in their rescue4 ,wherefore1 as above1 we require you to send a priest to reconcile them with ,god1 in doing which you shall render them the last earthly service4 ,this letter1 being folded1 was delivered to the squire1 and by him to the messenger who waited without1 as the answer to that which he had brought4 ,,iv ,about one hour afterward a man arrayed in the cowl and frock of a hermit1 and having his knotted cord twisted around his middle1 stood before the portal of the castle of ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,the warder demanded of him his name and errand4 v,pax vobiscum1 answered the priest1 ,i am a poor brother of the v,order of ,st4 ,francis who come hither to do my office to certain unhappy prisoners now secured within this castle4 ,thou art a bold friar1 said the warder1 to come hither1 where1 saving our own drunken confessor1 a rooster of thy feather hath not crowed these twenty years4 ,with these words1 he carried to the hall of the castle his unwonted intelligence that a friar stood before the gate and desired admission4 ,with no small wonder he received his master's command to admit the holy man immediately2 and1 having previously manned the entrance to guard against surprise1 he obeyed1 without farther scruple1 the order given him4 ,who and whence art thou1 priest8 demanded ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,pax vobiscum1 reiterated the priest1 with trembling voice4 ,i am a poor servant of ,saint ,francis1 who1 traveling through this wilderness1 have fallen among thieves1 which thieves have sent me unto this castle in order to do my ghostly office on two persons condemned by your honorable justice4 ,ay1 right1 answered ,front-de-,boeuf2 and canst thou tell me1 the number of those banditti8 ,gallant sir1 said the priest1 vnomen illis legio1 their name is legion4 ,tell me in plain terms what numbers there are1 or1 priest1 thy cloak and cord will ill protect thee from my wrath4 ,alas6 said the friar1 vcor meum eructavit1 that is to say1 ,i was like to burst with fear6 ,but ,i conceive they may be--what of yeomen1 what of commons--at least five hundred men4 ,what6 said the ,templar1 who came into the hall that moment1 muster the wasps so thick here8 ,it is time to stifle such a mischievous brood4 ,then taking ,front-de-,boeuf aside1 ,knowest thou the priest8 ,he is a stranger from a distant convent1 replied ,front-de-,boeuf2 ,i know him not4 ,then trust him not with our purpose in words1 urged the ,templar4 ,let him carry a written order to ,de ,bracy's company of ,free ,companions1 to repair instantly to their master's aid4 ,in the meantime1 and that the shaveling may suspect nothing1 permit him to go freely about his task of preparing the ,saxon hogs for the slaughter-house4 ,it shall be so1 said ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,and he forthwith appointed a domestic to conduct the friar to the apartment where ,cedric and ,athelstane were confined4 ,the natural impatience of ,cedric had been rather enhanced than diminished by his confinement4 ,he walked from one end of the hall to the other1 with the attitude of a man who advances to charge an enemy or storm the breach of a beleaguered place1 sometimes ejaculating to himself and sometimes addressing ,athelstane4 ,the latter stoutly and vstoically awaited the issue of the adventure1 digesting in the meantime1 with great composure1 the liberal meal which he had made at noon and not greatly troubling himself about the duration of the captivity4 ,pax vobiscum6 pronounced the priest1 entering the apartment4 ,the blessing of ,saint ,dunstan1 ,saint ,dennis1 ,saint ,duthoc1 and all other saints whatsoever1 be upon ye and about ye4 ,enter freely1 said ,cedric to the friar2 with what intent art thou come hither8 ,to bid you prepare yourselves for death1 was the reply4 ,it is impossible6 said ,cedric1 starting4 ,fearless and wicked as they are1 they dare not attempt such open and vgratuitous cruelty6 ,alas6 returned the priest1 to restrain them by their sense of humanity is the same as to stop a runaway horse with a bridle of silk thread4 ,bethink thee1 therefore1 ,cedric1 and you also1 ,athelstane1 what crimes you have committed in the flesh1 for this very day will ye be called to answer at a higher vtribunal4 ,hearest thou this1 ,athelstane8 said ,cedric4 ,we must rouse up our hearts to this last action1 since better it is we should die like men than live like slaves4 ,i am ready1 answered ,athelstane1 to stand the worst of their malice1 and shall walk to my death with as much composure as ever ,i did to my dinner4 ,let us1 then1 unto our holy vgear1 father1 said ,cedric4 ,wait yet a moment1 good vuncle1 said the priest in a voice very different from his solemn tones of a moment before2 better look before you leap in the dark4 ,by my faith6 cried ,cedric2 ,i should know that voice4 ,it is that of your trusty slave and jester1 answered the priest1 throwing back his cowl and revealing the face of ,wamba4 ,take a fool's advice1 and you will not be here long4 ,how meanest thou1 knave8 demanded the ,saxon4 ,even thus1 replied ,wamba2 take thou this frock and cord and march quietly out of the castle1 leaving me your cloak and girdle to take the long leap in thy stead4 ,leave thee in my stead6 exclaimed ,cedric1 astonished at the proposal2 why1 they would hang thee1 my poor knave4 ,e'en let them do as they are permitted1 answered ,wamba4 ,i trust--no disparagement to your birth--that the son of ,witless may hang in a chain with as much gravity as the chain hung upon his ancestor the valderman4 ,well1 ,wamba1 said ,cedric1 for one thing will ,i grant thy request4 ,and that is1 if thou wilt make the exchange of garments with ,lord ,athelstane instead of me4 ,no1 answered ,wamba2 there were little reason in that4 ,good right there is that the son of ,witless should suffer to save the son of ,hereward2 but little wisdom there were in his dying for the benefit of one whose fathers were strangers to his4 ,villain1 cried ,cedric1 the fathers of ,athelstane were monarchs of ,england6 ,they might be whomsoever they pleased1 replied ,wamba2 but my neck stands too straight on my shoulders to have it twisted for their sake4 ,wherefore1 good my master1 either take my proffer yourself1 or suffer me to leave this dungeon as free as ,i entered4 ,let the old tree wither1 persisted ,cedric1 so the stately hope of the forest be preserved4 ,save the noble ,athelstane1 my trusty ,wamba6 ,it is the duty of each who has ,saxon blood in his veins4 ,thou and ,i will abide together the utmost rage of our oppressors1 while he1 free and safe1 shall arouse the awakened spirits of our countrymen to avenge us4 ,not so1 father ,cedric1 said ,athelstane1 grasping his hand--for1 when roused to think or act1 his deeds and sentiments were not unbecoming his high race--not so4 ,i would rather remain in this hall a week without food save the prisoner's stinted loaf1 or drink save the prisoner's measure of water1 than embrace the opportunity to escape which the slave's untaught kindness has vpurveyed for his master4 ,go1 noble ,cedric4 ,your presence without may encourage friends to our rescue2 your remaining here would ruin us all4 ,and is there any prospect1 then1 of rescue from without8 asked ,cedric1 looking at the jester4 ,prospect indeed6 echoed ,wamba4 ,let me tell you that when you fill my cloak you are wrapped in a general's cassock4 ,five hundred men are there without1 and ,i was this morning one of their chief leaders4 ,my fool's cap was a vcasque1 and my vbauble a truncheon4 ,well1 we shall see what good they will make by exchanging a fool for a wise man4 ,truly1 ,i fear they will lose in valor what they may gain in discretion4 ,and so farewell1 master1 and be kind to poor ,gurth and his dog ,fangs2 and let my vcoxcomb hang in the hall at ,rotherwood in memory that ,i flung away my life for my master--like a faithful fool6 ,the last word came out with a sort of double expression1 betwixt jest and earnest4 ,the tears stood in ,cedric's eyes4 ,thy memory shall be preserved1 he said1 while fidelity and affection have honor upon earth4 ,but that ,i trust ,i shall find the means of saving ,rowena and thee1 ,athelstane1 and thee also1 my poor ,wamba1 thou shouldst not overbear me in this matter4 ,the exchange of dress was now accomplished1 when a sudden doubt struck ,cedric4 ,i know no language but my own and a few words of their mincing ,norman4 ,how shall ,i bear myself like a reverend brother8 ,the spell lies in two words1 replied ,wamba3 ,pax vobiscum will answer all queries4 ,if you go or come1 eat or drink1 bless or ban1 ,pax vobiscum carries you through it all4 ,it is as useful to a friar as a broomstick to a witch or a wand to a conjurer4 ,speak it but thus1 in a deep1 grave tone1--,pax vobiscum6--it is irresistible4 ,watch and ward1 knight and squire1 foot and horse1 it acts as a charm upon them all4 ,i think1 if they bring me out to be hanged to-morrow1 as is much to be doubted they may1 ,i will try its weight4 ,if such prove the case1 said his master1 my religious orders are soon taken4 ,pax vobiscum6 ,i trust ,i shall remember the password4 ,noble ,athelstane1 farewell2 and farewell1 my poor boy1 whose heart might make amends for a weaker head4 ,i will save you1 or return and die with you4 ,farewell4 ,farewell1 noble ,cedric1 said ,athelstane2 remember it is the true part of a friar to accept refreshment1 if you are offered any4 ,thus exhorted1 ,cedric sallied forth upon his expedition and presently found himself in the presence of ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,the ,saxon1 with some difficulty1 compelled himself to make obeisance to the haughty baron1 who returned his courtesy with a slight inclination of the head4 ,thy penitents1 father1 said the latter1 have made a long vshrift4 ,it is the better for them1 since it is the last they shall ever make4 ,hast thou prepared them for death8 ,i found them1 said ,cedric1 in such ,french as he could command1 expecting the worst1 from the moment they knew into whose power they had fallen4 ,how now1 sir friar1 replied ,front-de-,boeuf1 thy speech1 me thinks1 smacks of the rude ,saxon tongue8 ,i was bred in the convent of ,saint ,withold of ,burton1 answered ,cedric4 ,ay1 said the baron2 it had been better for thee to have been a ,norman1 and better for my purpose1 too2 but need has no choice of messengers4 ,that ,saint ,withold's of ,burton is a howlet's nest worth the harrying4 ,the day will soon come that the frock shall protect the ,saxon as little as the mail-coat4 ,god's will be done6 returned ,cedric1 in a voice tremulous with passion1 which ,front-de-,boeuf imputed to fear4 ,i see1 he said1 thou dreamest already that our men-at-arms are in thy refectory and thy ale-vaults4 ,but do me one cast of thy holy office and thou shalt sleep as safe in thy cell as a snail within his shell of proof4 ,speak your commands1 replied ,cedric1 with suppressed emotion4 ,follow me through this passage1 then1 that ,i may dismiss thee by the postern4 ,as he strode on his way before the supposed friar1 ,front-de-,boeuf thus schooled him in the part which he desired he should act4 ,thou seest1 sir friar1 yon herd of ,saxon swine who have dared to environ this castle of ,torquilstone4 ,tell them whatever thou hast a mind of the weakness of this vfortalice1 or aught else that can detain them before it for twenty-four hours4 ,meantime bear this scroll--but soft--canst thou read1 sir priest8 ,not a jot ,i1 answered ,cedric1 save on my vbreviary2 and then ,i know the characters because ,i have the holy service by heart1 praised be ,saint ,withold6 ,the fitter messenger for my purpose4 ,carry thou this scroll to the castle of ,philip de v,malvoisin2 say it cometh from me and is written by the ,templar1 ,brian de ,bois-,guilbert1 and that ,i pray him to send it to ,york with all speed man and horse can make4 ,meanwhile1 tell him to doubt nothing he shall find us whole and sound behind our battlement4 ,shame on it1 that we should be compelled to hide thus by a pack of runagates who are wont to fly even at the flash of our pennons and the tramp of our horses6 ,i say to thee1 priest1 contrive some cast of thine art to keep the knaves where they are until our friends bring up their lances4 ,with these words1 ,front-de-,boeuf led the way to a postern where1 passing the moat on a single plank1 they reached a small barbican1 or exterior defense1 which communicated with the open field by a well-fortified sally-port4 ,begone1 then2 and if thou wilt do mine errand1 and return hither when it is done1 thou shalt see ,saxon flesh cheap as ever was hog's in the shambles of ,sheffield4 ,and1 hark thee6 thou seemest to be a jolly confessor--come hither after the onslaught and thou shalt have as much good wine as would drench thy whole convent4 ,assuredly we shall meet again1 answered ,cedric4 ,something in the hand the whilst1 continued the ,norman2 and1 as they parted at the postern door1 he thrust in ,cedric's reluctant hand a gold vbyzant1 adding1 ,remember1 ,i will flay off both cowl and skin if thou failest in thy purpose4 ,the supposed priest passed out of the door without further words4 ,front-de-,boeuf turned back within the castle4 ,ho6 ,giles jailer1 he called1 let them bring ,cedric of ,rotherwood before me1 and the other churl1 his companion--him ,i mean of ,coningsburgh--,athelstane there1 or what call they him8 ,their very names are an encumbrance to a ,norman knight's mouth1 and have1 as it were1 a flavor of bacon4 ,give me a stoop of wine1 as jolly ,prince ,john would say1 that ,i may wash away the relish4 ,place it in the armory1 and thither lead the prisoners4 ,his commands were obeyed2 and upon entering that ,gothic apartment1 hung with many spoils won by his own valor and that of his father1 he found a flagon of wine on a massive oaken table1 and the two ,saxon captives under the guard of four of his dependants4 ,front-de-,boeuf took a long draught of wine and then addressed his prisoners1 for the imperfect light prevented his perceiving that the more important of them had escaped4 ,gallants of ,england1 said ,front-de-,boeuf1 how relish ye your entertainment at ,torquilstone8 ,faith and ,saint ,dennis1 an ye pay not a rich ransom1 ,i will hang ye up by the feet from the iron bars of these windows till the kites and hooded crows have made skeletons of you6 ,speak out1 ye ,saxon dogs1 what bid ye for your worthless lives8 ,what say you1 you of ,rotherwood8 ,not a vdoit ,i1 answered poor ,wamba1 and for hanging up by the feet1 my brain has been topsy-turvy ever since the vbiggin was bound first around my head2 so turning me upside down may peradventure restore it again4 ,hah6 cried ,front-de-,boeuf1 what have we here8 ,and with the back of his hand he struck ,cedric's cap from the head of the jester1 and throwing open his collar1 discovered the fatal badge of servitude1 the silver collar round his neck4 ,giles--,clement--dogs and varlets6 called the furious ,norman1 what villain have you brought me here8 ,i think ,i can tell you1 said ,de ,bracy1 who just entered the apartment4 ,this is ,cedric's clown4 ,go1 ordered ,front-de-,boeuf2 fetch me the right ,cedric hither1 and ,i pardon your error for once--the rather that you but mistook a fool for a ,saxon vfranklin4 ,ay1 but1 said ,wamba1 your chivalrous excellency will find there are more fools than franklins among us4 ,what means this knave8 said ,front-de-,boeuf1 looking toward his followers1 who1 lingering and loath1 faltered forth their belief that if this were not ,cedric who was there in presence1 they knew not what was become of him4 ,heavens6 exclaimed ,de ,bracy4 ,he must have escaped in the monk's garments6 ,fiends6 echoed ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,it was then the boar of ,rotherwood whom ,i ushered to the postern and dismissed with my own hands6 ,and thou1 he said to ,wamba1 whose folly could over-reach the wisdom of idiots yet more gross than thyself4 ,i will give thee holy orders1 ,i will shave thy crown for thee6 ,here1 let them tear the scalp from his head and pitch him headlong from the battlements4 ,thy trade is to jest3 canst thou jest now8 ,you deal with me better than your word1 noble knight1 whimpered forth poor ,wamba1 whose habits of vbuffoonery were not to be overcome even by the immediate prospect of death2 if you give me the red cap you propose1 out of a simple monk you will make a vcardinal4 ,the poor wretch1 said ,de ,bracy1 is resolved to die in his vocation4 ,the next moment would have been ,wamba's last but for an unexpected interruption4 ,a hoarse shout1 raised by many voices1 bore to the inmates of the hall the tidings that the besiegers were advancing to the attack4 ,there was a moment's silence in the hall1 which was broken by ,de ,bracy4 ,to the battlements1 he said2 let us see what these knaves do without4 ,so saying1 he opened a latticed window which led to a sort of projecting balcony1 and immediately called to those in the apartment1 ,saint ,dennis1 it is time to stir6 ,they bring forward vmantelets and vpavisses1 and the archers muster on the skirts of the wood like a dark cloud before a hail-storm4 ,front-de-,boeuf also looked out upon the field and immediately snatched his bugle4 ,after winding a long and loud blast1 he commanded his men to their posts on the walls4 ,de ,bracy1 look to the eastern side1 where the walls are lowest4 ,noble ,bois-,guilbert1 thy trade hath well taught thee how to attack and defend1 so look thou to the western side4 ,i myself will take post at the barbican4 ,our numbers are few1 but activity and courage may supply that defect1 since we have only to do with rascal clowns4 ,the ,templar had in the meantime been looking out on the proceedings of the besiegers with deeper attention than ,front-de-,boeuf or his giddy companion4 ,by the faith of mine order1 he said1 these men approach with more touch of discipline than could have been judged1 however they come by it4 ,see ye how dexterously they avail themselves of every cover which a tree or bush affords and avoid exposing themselves to the shot of our cross-bows8 ,i spy neither banner nor pennon1 and yet ,i will gage my golden chain that they are led by some noble knight or gentleman skillful in the practice of wars4 ,i espy him1 said ,de ,bracy2 ,i see the waving of a knight's crest and the gleam of his armor4 ,see yon tall man in the black mail who is busied marshaling the farther troop of the rascally yeomen4 ,by ,saint ,dennis1 ,i hold him to be the knight who did so well in the tournament at ,ashby4 ,the demonstrations of the enemy's approach cut off all farther discourse4 ,the ,templar and ,de ,bracy repaired to their posts and1 at the head of the few followers they were able to muster1 awaited with calm determination the threatened assault1 while ,front-de-,boeuf went to see that all was secure in the besieged fortress4 ,v ,in the meantime1 the wounded ,wilfred of ,ivanhoe had been gradually recovering his strength4 ,taken into her litter by ,rebecca when his own father hesitated to succor him1 the young knight had lain in a stupor through all the experiences of the journey and the capture of ,cedric's party by the ,normans4 ,de ,bracy1 who1 bad as he was1 was not without some vcompunction1 on finding the occupant of the litter to be ,ivanhoe1 had placed the invalid under the charge of two of his squires1 who were directed to state to any inquirers that he was a wounded comrade4 ,this explanation was now accordingly returned by these men to ,front-de-,boeuf1 when1 in going the round of the castle1 he questioned them why they did not make for the battlements upon the alarm of the attack4 ,a wounded comrade6 he exclaimed in great wrath and astonishment4 ,no wonder that churls and yeomen wax so presumptuous as even to lay leaguer before castles1 and that clowns and swineherds send defiances to nobles1 since men-at-arms have turned sick men's nurses4 ,to the battlements1 ye loitering villains6 he cried1 raising his vstentorian voice till the arches rang again2 to the battlements1 or ,i will splinter your bones with this truncheon4 ,the men1 who1 like most of their description1 were fond of enterprise and detested inaction1 went joyfully to the scene of danger1 and the care of ,ivanhoe fell to ,rebecca1 who occupied a neighboring apartment and who was not kept in close confinement4 ,the beautiful young ,jewess rejoined the knight1 whom she had so signally befriended1 at the moment of the beginning of the attack on the castle4 ,ivanhoe1 already much better and chafing at his enforced inaction1 resembled the war-horse who scenteth the battle afar4 ,if ,i could but drag myself to yonder window1 he said1 that ,i might see how this brave game is like to go--if ,i could strike but a single blow for our deliverance6 ,it is in vain2 ,i am alike nerveless and weaponless6 ,fret not thyself1 noble knight1 answered ,rebecca1 the sounds have ceased of a sudden4 ,it may be they join not battle4 ,thou knowest naught of it1 returned ,wilfred1 impatiently2 this dead pause only shows that the men are at their posts on the walls and expect an instant attack4 ,what we have heard was but the distant muttering of the storm1 which will burst anon in all its fury4 ,could ,i but reach yonder window6 ,thou wilt injure thyself by the attempt1 noble knight1 replied the attendant4 ,then she added1 ,i myself will stand at the lattice and describe to you as ,i can what passes without4 ,you must not2 you shall not6 exclaimed ,ivanhoe4 ,each lattice will soon be a mark for the archers2 some random shaft may strike you4 ,at least cover thy body with yonder ancient buckler and show as little of thyself as may be4 ,availing herself of the protection of the large1 ancient shield1 which she placed against the lower part of the window1 ,rebecca1 with tolerable security1 could witness part of what was passing without the castle and report to ,ivanhoe the preparations being made for the storming4 ,from where she stood she had a full view of the outwork likely to be the first object of the assault4 ,it was a fortification of no great height or strength1 intended to protect the postern-gate through which ,cedric had been recently dismissed by ,front-de-,boeuf4 ,the castle moat divided this species of barbican from the rest of the fortress1 so that1 in case of its being taken1 it was easy to cut off the communication with the main building by withdrawing the temporary bridge4 ,in the outwork was a sally-port corresponding to the postern of the castle1 and the whole was surrounded by a strong palisade4 ,from the mustering of the assailants in a direction nearly opposite the outwork1 it seemed plain that this point had been selected for attack4 ,rebecca communicated this to ,ivanhoe1 and added1 ,the skirts of the wood seem lined with archers1 although only a few are advanced from its dark shadow4 ,under what banner8 asked ,ivanhoe4 ,under no ensign of war which ,i can observe1 answered ,rebecca4 ,a singular novelty1 muttered the knight1 to advance to storm such a castle without pennon or banner displayed6 ,seest thou who they are that act as leaders8 ,or1 are all of them but stout yeomen8 ,a knight clad in sable armor is the most conspicuous1 she replied2 he alone is armed from head to foot1 and he seems to assume the direction of all around him4 ,seem there no other leaders8 demanded the anxious inquirer4 ,none of mark and distinction that ,i can behold from this station1 said ,rebecca4 ,they appear even now preparing to attack4 ,god of ,zion protect us6 ,what a dreadful sight6 ,those who advance first bear huge shields and defenses made of plank2 the others follow1 bending their bows as they come on4 ,they raise their bows6 ,god of ,moses1 forgive the creatures thou hast made6 ,her description was suddenly interrupted by the signal for assault1 which was the blast of a shrill bugle1 at once answered by a flourish of the ,norman trumpets from the battlements4 ,the shouts of both parties augmented the fearful din1 the assailants crying1 ,saint ,george for merry ,england6 and the ,normans answering them with cries of v,beauseant6 ,beauseant6 ,it was not1 however1 by clamor that the contest was to be decided1 and the desperate efforts of the assailants were met by an equally vigorous defense on the part of the besieged4 ,the archers1 trained by their woodland pastimes to the most effective use of the longbow1 shot so rapidly and accurately that no point at which a defender could show the least part of his person escaped their vcloth-yard shafts4 ,by this heavy discharge1 which continued as thick and sharp as hail1 two or three of the garrison were slain and several others wounded4 ,but1 confident in their armor of proof and in the cover which their situation afforded1 the followers of ,front-de-,boeuf1 and his allies1 showed an obstinacy in defense proportioned to the fury of the attack1 replying with the discharge of their large cross-bows to the close and continued shower of arrows4 ,as the assailants were necessarily but indifferently protected1 they received more damage than they did4 ,and ,i must lie here like a bedridden monk1 exclaimed ,ivanhoe1 while the game that gives me freedom or death is played out by the hands of others6 ,look from the window once again1 kind maiden1 but beware that you are not marked by the archers beneath--look out once more and tell me if they yet advance to the storm4 ,with patient courage1 ,rebecca again took post at the lattice4 ,what dost thou see8 demanded the wounded knight4 ,nothing but the cloud of arrows flying so thick as to dazzle mine eyes and hide the bowmen who shoot them4 ,that cannot endure1 remarked ,ivanhoe4 ,if they press not on to carry the castle by pure force of arms1 the archery may avail but little against stone walls and bulwarks4 ,look for the sable knight and see how he bears himself1 for as the leader is1 so will his followers be4 ,i see him not1 said ,rebecca4 ,foul craven6 exclaimed ,ivanhoe2 does he blench from the helm when the wind blows highest8 ,he blenches not6 he blenches not6 cried ,rebecca4 ,i see him now2 he heads a body of men close under the outer barrier of the barbican4 ,they pull down the piles and palisades2 they hew down the barriers with axes4 ,his high black plume floats over the throng1 like a raven over the field of the slain4 ,they have made a breach in the barriers--they rush in--they are thrust back6 ,front-de-,boeuf heads the defenders2 ,i see his gigantic form above the press4 ,they throng again to the breach1 and the pass is disputed hand to hand1 and man to man4 ,have mercy1 ,god6 ,she turned her head from the lattice1 as if unable longer to endure a sight so terrible4 ,look forth again1 ,rebecca1 urged ,ivanhoe1 mistaking the cause of her retiring2 the archery must in some degree have ceased1 since they are now fighting hand to hand4 ,look again2 there is less danger4 ,rebecca again looked forth and almost immediately exclaimed3 ,holy prophets of the law6 ,front-de-,boeuf and the ,black ,knight fight hand to hand in the breach1 amid the roar of their followers1 who watch the progress of the strife4 ,she then uttered a loud shriek1 ,he is down6 he is down6 ,who is down8 cried ,ivanhoe2 tell me which has fallen8 ,the ,black ,knight1 answered ,rebecca1 faintly2 then shouted with joyful eagerness1 ,but no--the name of the ,lord of ,hosts be blessed6--he is on foot again and fights as if there were twenty men's strength in his single arm4 ,his sword is broken--he snatches an ax from a yeoman--he presses ,front-de-,boeuf with blow on blow4 ,the giant stoops and totters like an oak under the steel of a woodsman--he falls--he falls6 ,front-de-,boeuf8 exclaimed ,ivanhoe4 ,front-de-,boeuf6 answered the ,jewess4 ,his men rush to the rescue1 headed by the haughty ,templar--their united force compels the champion to pause--they drag ,front-de-,boeuf within the walls4 ,the assailants have won the barriers1 have they not8 ,ivanhoe eagerly queried4 ,they have6 they have6 answered ,rebecca2 and they press the besieged hard on the outer wall4 ,some plant ladders1 some swarm like bees and endeavor to ascend upon the shoulders of each other4 ,down go stones1 beams1 and trunks of trees on their heads1 and as fast as they bear the wounded to the rear1 fresh men supply their places4 ,great ,god6 hast thou given men thine own image1 that it should be thus cruelly defaced by the hands of their brethren6 ,think not of that1 said ,ivanhoe4 ,this is no time for such thoughts4 ,who yield--who push their way8 ,the ladders are thrown down1 replied ,rebecca1 shuddering2 the soldiers lie groveling under them like crushed reptiles2 the besieged have the better4 ,saint ,george strike for us6 exclaimed the knight2 do the false yeomen give way8 ,no1 exclaimed ,rebecca1 they bear themselves right yeomanly--the ,black ,knight approaches the postern with his huge ax--the thundering blows he deals you may hear above all the din of the battle4 ,stones and beams are hailed down on the bold champion--he regards them no more than if they were thistle-down or feathers6 ,by ,saint ,john of ,acre1 cried ,ivanhoe1 raising himself joyfully on his couch1 methought there was but one man in ,england that might do such a deed6 ,the postern-gate shakes1 continued ,rebecca2 it crashes--it is splintered by his blows--they rush in--the outwork is won6 ,oh1 ,god6 they hurl the defenders from the battlements--they throw them into the moat--men1 if ye indeed be men1 spare them that can resist no longer6 ,the bridge--the bridge which communicates with the castle--have they won that pass8 ,no1 replied ,rebecca4 ,the ,templar has destroyed the plank on which they crossed--few of the defenders escaped with him into the castle--the shrieks and cries you hear tell the fate of the others6 ,alas6 ,i see it is more difficult to look on victory than on battle4 ,what do they now1 maiden8 asked ,ivanhoe4 ,look forth yet again2 this is no time to faint at bloodshed4 ,it is over for the time1 answered ,rebecca4 ,our friends strengthen themselves within the outwork which they have mastered2 it affords them so good a shelter from the foeman's shot that the garrison only bestow a few bolts on it from interval to interval1 as if to disquiet rather than to injure them4 ,our friends1 said ,wilfred1 will surely not abandon an enterprise so gloriously begun and so happily attained4 ,oh1 no6 ,i will put my faith in the good knight whose ax hath rent heart-of-oak and bars of iron4 ,,vi ,during the interval of quiet which followed the first success of the besiegers1 the ,black ,knight was employed in causing to be constructed a sort of floating bridge1 or long raft1 by means of which he hoped to cross the moat in despite of the resistance of the enemy4 ,this was a work of some time4 ,when the raft was completed1 the ,black ,knight addressed the besiegers3 ,it avails not waiting here longer1 my friends2 the sun is descending in the west1 and ,i may not tarry for another day4 ,besides1 it will be a marvel if the horsemen do not come upon us from ,york1 unless we speedily accomplish our purpose4 ,wherefore1 one of you go to ,locksley and bid him commence a discharge of arrows on the opposite side of the castle1 and move forward as if about to assault it2 while you1 true ,englishmen1 stand by me and be ready to thrust the raft end-long over the moat whenever the postern on our side is thrown open4 ,follow me boldly across1 and aid me to burst yon sally-port in the main wall of the castle4 ,as many of you as like not this service1 or are but ill-armed1 do you man the top of the outwork1 draw your bowstrings to your ears and quell with your shot whoever shall appear upon the rampant4 ,noble ,cedric1 wilt thou take the direction of those that remain8 ,not so1 answered the ,saxon4 ,lead ,i cannot1 but my posterity curse me in my grave if ,i follow not with the foremost wherever thou shalt point the way6 ,yet1 bethink thee1 noble ,saxon1 said the knight1 thou hast neither hauberk nor corslet1 nor aught but that light helmet1 vtarget1 and sword4 ,the better1 replied ,cedric2 ,i shall be the lighter to climb these walls4 ,and--forgive the boast1 sir knight--thou shalt this day see the naked breast of a ,saxon as boldly presented to the battle as ever you beheld the steel corslet of a ,norman warrior4 ,in the name of ,god1 then1 said the knight1 fling open the door and launch the floating bridge6 ,the portal which led from the inner wall of the barbican1 now held by the besiegers1 to the moat and corresponded with a sally-port in the main wall of the castle was suddenly opened4 ,the temporary bridge was immediately thrust forward and extended its length between the castle and outwork1 forming a slippery and precarious passage for two men abreast to cross the moat4 ,well aware of the importance of taking the foe by surprise1 the ,black ,knight1 closely followed by ,cedric1 threw himself upon the bridge and reached the opposite shore4 ,here he began to thunder with his ax on the gate of the castle1 protected in part from the shot and stones cast by the defenders by the ruins of the former drawbridge1 which the ,templar had demolished in his retreat from the barbican1 leaving the vcounterpoise still attached to the upper part of the portal4 ,the followers of the knight had no such shelter2 two were instantly shot with cross-bow bolts1 and two more fell into the moat4 ,the others retreated back into the barbican4 ,illustration3 ,see page #cbc ,he ,began to ,thunder on the ,gate ,the situation of ,cedric and the ,black ,knight was now truly dangerous and would have been still more so but for the constancy of the archers in the barbican1 who ceased not to shower their arrows on the battlements1 distracting the attention of those by whom they were manned and thus affording a respite to their two chiefs from the storm of missiles1 which must otherwise have overwhelmed them4 ,but their situation was eminently perilous1 and was becoming more so with every moment4 ,shame on ye all6 cried ,de ,bracy to the soldiers around him2 do ye call yourselves cross-bowmen and let these two dogs keep their station under the walls of the castle8 ,heave over the coping stones from the battlement1 an better may not be4 ,get pick-ax and levers and down with that huge pinnacle6 pointing to a heavy piece of stone-carved work that projected from the parapet4 ,at this moment ,locksley whipped up the courage of his men4 ,saint ,george for ,england6 he cried4 ,to the charge1 bold yeomen6 ,why leave ye the good knight and noble ,cedric to storm the pass alone8 ,make in1 yeomen6 ,the castle is taken4 ,think of honor2 think of spoil4 ,one effort and the place is ours4 ,with that he bent his good bow and sent a shaft right through the breast of one of the men-at-arms1 who1 under ,de ,bracy's direction1 was loosening a fragment from one of the battlements to precipitate on the heads of ,cedric and the ,black ,knight4 ,a second soldier caught from the hands of the dying man the iron crow1 with which he had heaved up and loosened the stone pinnacle1 when1 receiving an arrow through his headpiece1 he dropped from the battlement into the moat a dead man4 ,the men-at-arms were daunted1 for no armor seemed proof against the shot of this tremendous archer4 ,do you give ground1 base knaves8 cried ,de ,bracy4 v,mountjoy ,saint ,dennis6 ,give me the lever4 ,snatching it up1 he again assailed the loosened pinnacle1 which was of weight enough1 if thrown down1 not only to have destroyed the remnant of the drawbridge1 which sheltered the two foremost assailants1 but also to have sunk the rude float of planks over which they had crossed4 ,all saw the danger1 and the boldest1 even the stout friar himself1 avoided setting a foot on the raft4 ,thrice did ,locksley bend his shaft against ,de ,bracy1 and thrice did his arrow bound back from the knight's armor of proof4 ,curse on thy ,spanish steel-coat6 said ,locksley2 had ,english smith forged it1 these arrows had gone through it as if it had been silk4 ,he then began to call out3 ,comrades6 friends6 noble ,cedric6 bear back and let the ruin fall4 ,his warning voice was unheard1 for the din which the ,black ,knight himself occasioned by his strokes upon the postern would have drowned twenty war-trumpets4 ,the faithful ,gurth indeed sprang forward on the planked bridge to warn ,cedric of his impending fate1 or to share it with him4 ,but his warning would have come too late2 the massive pinnacle already tottered1 and ,de ,bracy1 who still heaved at his task1 would have accomplished it1 had not the voice of the ,templar sounded close in his ear4 ,all is lost1 ,de ,bracy2 the castle burns4 ,thou art mad to say so1 replied the knight4 ,it is all in a light flame on the western side1 returned ,bois-,guilbert4 ,i have striven in vain to extinguish it4 ,what is to be done8 cried ,de ,bracy4 ,i vow to ,saint ,nicholas of ,limoges a candlestick of pure gold-- ,spare thy vow1 said the ,templar1 and mark me4 ,lead thy men down1 as if to a sally2 throw the postern-gate open4 ,there are but two men who occupy the float2 fling them into the moat and push across to the barbican4 ,i will charge from the main gate and attack the barbican on the outside4 ,if we can regain that post1 we shall defend ourselves until we are relieved or1 at least1 until they grant us fair quarter4 ,it is well thought upon1 replied ,de ,bracy2 ,i will play my part4 ,de ,bracy hastily drew his men together and rushed down to the postern-gate1 which he caused instantly to be thrown open4 ,scarce was this done ere the portentous strength of the ,black ,knight forced his way inward in despite of ,de ,bracy and his followers4 ,two of the foremost instantly fell1 and the rest gave way1 notwithstanding all their leader's efforts to stop them4 ,dogs6 cried ,de ,bracy2 will ye let two men win our only pass for safety8 ,he is the devil6 replied a veteran man-at-arms1 bearing back from the blows of their sable antagonist4 ,and if he be the devil1 said ,de ,bracy1 would you fly from him into the mouth of hell8 ,the castle burns behind us1 villains6 ,let despair give you courage1 or let me forward4 ,i will cope with this champion myself4 ,and well and chivalrously did ,de ,bracy that day maintain the fame he had acquired in the civil wars of that dreadful period4 ,the vaulted passages in which the two redoubted champions were now fighting hand to hand rang with the furious blows they dealt each other1 ,de ,bracy with his sword1 the ,black ,knight with his ponderous ax4 ,at length the ,norman received a blow1 which1 though its force was partly parried by his shield1 descended yet with such violence on his crest that he measured his length on the paved floor4 ,yield thee1 ,de ,bracy1 said the ,black ,knight1 stooping over him and holding against the bars of his helmet the fatal poniard with which knights despatched their enemies2 yield thee1 ,maurice de ,bracy1 rescue or no rescue1 or thou art but a dead man4 ,speak6 ,the gallant ,norman1 seeing the hopelessness of further resistance1 yielded1 and was allowed to rise4 ,let me tell thee what it imports thee to know1 he said4 ,wilfred of ,ivanhoe is wounded and a prisoner1 and will perish in the burning castle without present help4 ,wilfred of ,ivanhoe6 exclaimed the ,black ,knight4 ,the life of every man in the castle shall answer if a hair of his head be singed4 ,show me his chamber6 ,ascend yonder stair1 directed ,de ,bracy4 ,it leads to his apartment4 ,the turret was now in bright flames1 which flashed out furiously from window and shot-hole4 ,but1 in other parts1 the great thickness of the walls and the vaulted roofs of the apartments resisted the progress of the fire1 and there the rage of man still triumphed2 for the besiegers pursued the defenders of the castle from chamber to chamber4 ,most of the garrison resisted to the uttermost2 few of them asked quarter--none received it4 ,the air was filled with groans and the clashing of arms4 ,through this scene of confusion the ,black ,knight rushed in quest of ,ivanhoe1 whom he found in ,rebecca's charge4 ,the knight1 picking up the wounded man as if he were a child1 bore him quickly to safety4 ,in the meantime1 ,cedric had gone in search of ,rowena1 followed by the faithful ,gurth4 ,the noble ,saxon was so fortunate as to reach his ward's apartment just as she had abandoned all hope of safety and sat in expectation of instant death4 ,he committed her to the charge of ,gurth1 to be carried without the castle4 ,the loyal ,cedric then hastened in quest of his friend ,athelstane1 determined at every risk to himself to save the prince4 ,but ere ,cedric penetrated as far as the old hall in which he himself had been a prisoner1 the inventive genius of ,wamba had procured liberation for himself and his companion4 ,when the noise of the conflict announced that it was at the hottest1 the jester began to shout with the utmost power of his lungs1 ,saint ,george and the ,dragon6 ,bonny ,saint ,george for merry ,england6 ,the castle is won6 ,these sounds he rendered yet more fearful by banging against each other two or three pieces of rusty armor which lay scattered around the hall4 ,the guards at once ran to tell the ,templar that foemen had entered the old hall4 ,meantime the prisoners found no difficulty in making their escape into the court of the castle1 which was now the last scene of the contest4 ,here sat the fierce ,templar1 mounted on horseback and surrounded by several of the garrison1 who had united their strength in order to secure the last chance of safety and retreat which remained to them4 ,the principal1 and now the single remaining drawbridge1 had been lowered by his orders1 but the passage was beset2 for the archers1 who had hitherto only annoyed the castle on that side by their missiles1 no sooner saw the flames breaking out and the bridge lowered than they thronged to the entrance4 ,on the other hand1 a party of the besiegers who had entered by the postern on the opposite side were now issuing into the court-yard and attacking with fury the remnant of the defenders in the rear4 ,animated1 however1 by despair and the example of their gallant leader1 the remaining soldiers of the castle fought with the utmost valor2 and1 being well armed1 they succeeded in driving back the assailants4 ,crying aloud1 ,those who would save themselves1 follow me6 ,bois-,guilbert pushed across the drawbridge1 dispersing the archers who would have stopped them4 ,he was followed by the ,saracen slaves and some five or six men-at-arms1 who had mounted their horses4 ,the ,templar's retreat was rendered perilous by the number of arrows shot at him and his party2 but this did not prevent him from galloping round to the barbican1 where he expected to find ,de ,bracy4 ,de ,bracy6 he shouted1 art thou there8 ,i am here1 answered ,de ,bracy1 but a prisoner4 ,can ,i rescue thee8 cried ,bois-,guilbert4 ,no1 said the other4 ,i have rendered myself4 ,upon hearing this1 the ,templar galloped off with his followers1 leaving the besiegers in complete possession of the castle4 ,fortunately1 by this time all the prisoners had been rescued and stood together without the castle1 while the yeomen ran through the apartments seeking to save from the devouring flames such valuables as might be found4 ,they were soon driven out by the fiery element4 ,the towering flames surmounted every obstruction and rose to the evening skies one huge and burning beacon1 seen far and wide through the adjacent country4 ,tower after tower crashed down1 with blazing roof and rafter4 ,the victors1 assembling in large bands1 gazed with wonder not unmixed with fear upon the flames1 in which their own ranks and arms glanced dusky red4 ,the voice of ,locksley was at length heard1 ,shout1 yeomen6 the den of tyrants is no more6 ,let each bring his spoil to the tree in ,hart-hill ,walk1 for there we will make just partition among ourselves1 together with our worthy allies in this great deed of vengeance4 ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,i4 ,tell what you find out about ,cedric and his son1 ,ivanhoe1 or the ,disinherited ,knight4 ,what impression do you get of ,cedric's character8 of ,athelstane's8 ,what was the first adventure the travelers had8 ,who was the sick friend the ,jews were assisting8 ,what further adventure befell the travelers8 ,how did ,gurth show his true character8 ,who came to the aid of ,gurth and ,wamba8 ,what did ,wamba mean by whether they be thy children's coats or no8 ,what impression do you get of the stranger8 ,describe the scene in the hermit's abode4 ,what impression do you get of him8 ,of the ,black ,knight8 ,,ii4 ,who had made ,cedric's party prisoners8 ,why8 ,tell what ,cedric said when he discovered who his captors were4 ,what disposition was made of the prisoners8 ,describe the scene in ,isaac's cell4 ,how was ,front-de-,boeuf interrupted8 ,,iii4 ,what challenge did the knights receive8 ,how did they answer it8 ,,iv4 ,who came in the character of a priest8 ,what plan did he carry out8 ,how8 ,how did ,cedric act his part8 ,describe the scene when the escape was discovered4 ,how was ,front-de-,boeuf prevented from doing ,wamba harm8 ,v4 ,how did ,ivanhoe fall to the care of ,rebecca8 ,where did ,rebecca take her station8 ,describe the scenes she saw4 ,what knight led the assault8 ,how did ,rebecca describe him8 ,can you guess who the ,black ,knight was8 ,whom did ,ivanhoe think of when he said1 ,methought there was but one man in ,england that might do such a deed8 ,,vi4 ,what plan did the ,black ,knight make8 ,how was it executed8 ,which of the assailants proved themselves especial heroes8 ,what was ,de ,bracy's plan8 ,how was its accomplishment prevented8 ,what plan for escape did the ,templar have8 ,how did it end8 ,tell how ,ivanhoe1 ,rowena1 ,athelstane and ,wamba were liberated4 ,tell what became of the knights4 ,who do you think ,locksley was8 ,all of the party were rescued except ,rebecca1 who was carried off by ,bois-,guilbert and accused of witchcraft4 ,you will have to read the novel1 ,ivanhoe1 to learn of the further adventures of her1 ,rowena1 the ,black ,knight1 and ,ivanhoe4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,talisman--,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,the ,white ,company--,a4 ,conan ,doyle4 ,when ,knighthood ,was in ,flower--,charles ,major4 ,the ,last of the ,barons--,edward ,bulwer-,lytton4 ,don ,quixote--,miguel de ,cervantes4 ,the ,idylls of the ,king--,alfred ,tennyson4 ,scottish ,chiefs--,jane ,porter4 ,,sea ,,fever ,i must go down to the seas again1 to the lonely sea and the sky1 ,and all ,i ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by2 ,and the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking1 ,and a gray mist on the sea's face1 and a gray dawn breaking4 ,i must go down to the seas again1 for the call of the running tide ,is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied2 ,and all ,i ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying1 ,and the flung spray and the blown vspume1 and the sea-gulls crying4 ,i must go down to the seas again1 to the vagrant gypsy life1 ,to the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife2 ,and all ,i ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover1 ,and quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over4 ,,john ,,masefield4 ,a ,,greyport ,,legend ,they ran through the streets of the seaport town2 ,they peered from the decks of the ships that lay3 ,the cold sea-fog that comes whitening down ,was never as cold or white as they4 ,ho1 ,starbuck1 and ,pinckney1 and ,tenterden1 ,run for your shallops1 gather your men1 ,scatter your boats on the lower bay6 ,good cause for fear6 ,in the thick midday ,the hulk that lay by the rotting pier1 ,filled with the children in happy play1 ,parted its moorings and drifted clear2 ,drifted clear beyond reach or call1-- ,thirteen children they were in all1-- ,all adrift in the lower bay6 ,said a hard-faced skipper1 ,god help us all6 ,she will not float till the turning tide6 ,said his wife1 ,my darling will hear my call1 ,whether in sea or heaven she abide6 ,and she lifted a quavering voice and high1 ,wild and strange as a sea-bird's cry1 ,till they shuddered and wondered at her side4 ,the fog drove down on each laboring crew1 ,veiled each from each and the sky and shore2 ,there was not a sound but the breath they drew1 ,and the lap of water and creak of oar4 ,and they felt the breath of the downs fresh blown ,o'er leagues of clover and cold gray stone1 ,but not from the lips that had gone before4 ,they came no more4 ,but they tell the tale ,that1 when fogs are thick on the harbor reef1 ,the mackerel-fishers shorten sail2 ,for the signal they know will bring relief1 ,for the voices of children1 still at play ,in a phantom-hulk that drifts alway ,through channels whose waters never fail4 ,it is but a foolish shipman's tale1 ,a theme for a poet's idle page2 ,but still1 when the mists of doubt prevail1 ,and we lie becalmed by the shores of age1 ,we hear from the misty troubled shore ,the voice of the children gone before1 ,drawing the soul to its anchorage6 ,,bret ,,harte4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,read the poem and tell the story found in it4 ,why was every one so cold and white8 ,what was the great danger8 ,what happened to prevent the sailors' getting to the hulk8 ,what is the tale that is told8 ,what is the thought the poet leaves with us in the last stanza8 ,a ,,hunt ,,beneath ,,the ,,ocean ,this story is taken from ,twenty ,thousand ,leagues ,under the ,sea1 the book that foreshadowed the modern submarine4 ,monsieur ,aronnax1 a scientist1 with two companions1 ,ned ,land and ,conseil1 was rescued at sea by a strange craft1 the ,nautilus1 owned and commanded by one ,captain ,nemo1 who hated mankind and never went ashore on inhabited land4 ,monsieur ,aronnax remained on the submarine for months in a kind of captivity and met with many wonderful adventures4 ,it should be noted that modern inventions have already outstripped many of the author's imaginings4 ,on returning to my room with ,ned and ,conseil1 ,i found upon my table a note addressed to me4 ,i opened it impatiently4 ,it was written in a bold clear hand1 and ran as follows3 ,november #af1 #ahfg4 ,to ,professor ,aronnax1 on board the ,nautilus3 ,captain ,nemo invites ,professor ,aronnax to a hunting party1 which will take place to-morrow morning in the forest of the island of ,crespo4 ,he hopes that nothing will prevent the professor from being present1 and he will with pleasure see him joined by his companions4 ,a hunt6 exclaimed ,ned4 ,and in the forests of the island of ,crespo6 added ,conseil4 ,oh1 then the gentleman is going on vterra firma8 asked ,ned ,land4 ,that seems to be clearly indicated1 said ,i1 reading the letter once more4 ,well1 we must accept1 said ,ned4 ,once more on dry land1 we shall know what to do4 ,indeed1 ,i shall not be sorry to eat a piece of fresh venison4 ,i contented myself with replying1 ,let us see where the island of ,crespo is4 ,i consulted the vplanisphere and in #cb deg4 #dj' north latitude1 and #aeg deg4 #ej' west vlongitude1 ,i found a small island recognized in #ahja by ,captain ,crespo1 and marked in the ancient ,spanish maps as ,rocca de la ,platta1 or ,silver ,rock4 ,i showed this little rock lost in the midst of the ,north ,pacific to my companions4 ,if ,captain ,nemo does sometimes go on dry ground1 said ,i1 he at least chooses desert islands4 ,ned ,land shrugged his shoulders without speaking1 and ,conseil and he left me4 ,after supper1 which was served by the steward1 mute and impassive1 ,i went to bed1 not without some anxiety4 ,the next morning1 the #gth of ,november1 ,i felt on awakening that the ,nautilus was perfectly still4 ,i dressed quickly and entered the saloon4 ,captain ,nemo was there1 waiting for me4 ,he rose1 bowed1 and asked me if it was convenient for me to accompany him4 ,i simply replied that my companions and myself were ready to follow him4 ,we entered the room where breakfast was served4 ,m4 ,aronnax1 said the captain1 pray share my breakfast without ceremony2 we will chat as we eat4 ,though ,i promised you a walk in the forest1 ,i did not undertake to find hotels there2 so breakfast as a man should who will most likely not have his dinner till very late4 ,i did honor to the repast4 ,it was composed of several kinds of fish1 and different sorts of seaweed4 ,our drink consisted of pure water1 to which the captain added some drops of a fermented liquor extracted from a seaweed4 ,captain ,nemo ate at first without saying a word4 ,then he began3 ,professor1 when ,i proposed to you to hunt in my submarine forest of ,crespo1 you evidently thought me mad4 ,sir1 you should never judge lightly of any man4 ,but1 captain1 believe me-- ,be kind enough to listen1 and you will then see whether you have any cause to accuse me of folly and contradiction4 ,i listen4 ,you know as well as ,i do1 professor1 that man can live under water1 providing he carries with him a sufficient supply of breathable air4 ,in submarine works1 the workman1 clad in an vimpervious dress1 with his head in a metal helmet1 receives air from above by means of forcing-pumps and vregulators4 ,that is a diving apparatus1 said ,i4 ,just so4 ,but under these conditions the man is not at liberty2 he is attached to the pump which sends him air through a rubber tube1 and if we were obliged to be thus held to the ,nautilus1 we could not go far4 ,and the means of getting free8 ,i asked4 ,it is to use the ,rouquayrol apparatus1 invented by two of your own countrymen1 which ,i have brought to perfection for my own use and which will allow you to risk yourself without any organ of the body suffering4 ,it consists of a reservoir of thick iron plates1 in which ,i store the air under a pressure of fifty vatmospheres4 ,this reservoir is fixed on the back by means of braces1 like a soldier's knapsack4 ,its upper part forms a box in which the air is kept by means of a bellows1 and therefore cannot escape unless at its vnormal tension4 ,in the ,rouquayrol apparatus such as we use1 two rubber pipes leave this box and join a sort of tent which holds the nose and mouth2 one is to introduce fresh air1 the other to let out foul1 and the tongues close one or the other pipe according to the wants of the vrespirator4 ,but ,i1 in encountering great pressures at the bottom of the sea1 was obliged to shut my head like that of a diver in a ball of copper2 and it is into this ball of copper that the two pipes1 the inspirator and the expirator1 open4 ,do you see8 ,perfectly1 ,captain ,nemo4 ,but the air that you carry with you must soon be used2 when it contains only fifteen per cent of oxygen it is no longer fit to breathe4 ,right6 ,but ,i told you1 ,m4 ,aronnax1 that the pumps of the ,nautilus allow me to store the air under considerable pressure2 and the reservoir of the apparatus can furnish breathable air for nine or ten hours4 ,i have no further objections to make1 ,i answered4 ,i will only ask one thing1 captain--how can you light your road at the bottom of the sea8 ,with the ,ruhmkorff apparatus1 ,m4 ,aronnax4 ,one is carried on the back1 the other is fastened to the waist4 ,it is composed of a vbunsen pile1 which ,i do not work with bichromate of potash but with sodium4 ,a wire is introduced which collects the electricity produced1 and directs it toward a lantern4 ,in this lantern is a spiral glass which contains a small quantity of carbonic acid gas4 ,when the apparatus is at work1 this gas becomes luminous1 giving out a white and continuous light4 ,thus provided1 ,i can breathe and ,i can see4 ,captain ,nemo1 to all my objections you make such crushing answers that ,i dare no longer doubt4 ,but if ,i am forced to admit the ,rouquayrol and ,ruhmkorff apparatus1 ,i must be allowed some reservations with regard to the gun ,i am to carry4 ,but it is not a gun for powder1 he said4 ,then it is an air-gun8 ,i asked4 ,doubtless4 ,how would you have me manufacture gunpowder on board1 without saltpeter1 sulphur1 or charcoal8 ,besides1 ,i added1 to fire under water in a medium eight hundred and fifty times denser than the air1 we must conquer a very considerable resistance4 ,that would be no difficulty4 ,there exist guns which can fire under these conditions4 ,but ,i repeat1 having no powder1 ,i use air under great pressure1 which the pumps of the ,nautilus furnish abundantly4 ,but this air must be rapidly used8 ,well1 have ,i not my ,rouquayrol reservoir1 which can furnish it at need8 ,a tap is all that is required4 ,besides1 ,m4 ,aronnax1 you must see yourself that during our submarine hunt we can spend but little air4 ,but it seems to me that in this twilight1 and in the midst of this fluid1 which is very dense compared with the atmosphere1 shots could not go far or easily prove fatal4 ,on the contrary1 replied ,nemo1 with this gun every blow is mortal2 however lightly the animal is touched1 it falls dead as if struck by a thunderbolt4 ,why8 ,because the balls sent by this gun are not ordinary balls1 but little cases of glass1 of which ,i have a large supply4 ,these glass cases are covered with a shell of steel and weighted with a pellet of lead2 they are real v,leyden jars1 into which electricity is forced to a very high tension4 ,with the slightest shock they are discharged1 and the animal1 however strong it may be1 falls dead4 ,captain ,nemo then led me aft2 and in passing before ,ned and ,conseil's cabin1 ,i called my two companions1 who followed immediately4 ,conseil was delighted at the idea of exploring the sea1 but ,ned declined to go when he learned that the hunt was to be a submarine one4 ,we came to a kind of cell near the machinery-room1 in which we were to put on our walking-dress4 ,it was1 in fact1 the arsenal and wardrobe of the ,nautilus4 ,a dozen diving-suits hung from the partition1 awaiting our use4 ,at the captain's call two of the ship's crew came to help us dress in these heavy and impervious clothes1 made of rubber without seam and constructed expressly to resist considerable pressure4 ,one might have taken this diving apparatus for a suit of armor1 both supple and resisting4 ,it formed trousers and waistcoat2 the trousers were finished off with thick boots1 weighted with heavy leaden soles4 ,the texture of the waistcoat was held together by bands of copper1 which crossed the chest1 protecting it from the great pressure of the water and leaving the lungs free to act4 ,the sleeves ended in gloves1 which in no way restrained the movement of the hands4 ,there was a vast difference noticeable between this dress and the old-fashioned diving-suit4 ,captain ,nemo and one of his companions1 ,conseil and myself1 were soon enveloped in the dresses2 there remained nothing more to be done but inclose our heads in the metal boxes4 ,captain ,nemo thrust his head into the helmet1 ,conseil and ,i did the same4 ,the upper part of our dress terminated in a copper collar1 upon which was screwed the metal helmet4 ,three holes1 protected by thick glass1 allowed us to see in all directions by simply turning our heads in the interior of the head-dress4 ,as soon as it was in position1 the ,rouquayrol apparatus on our backs began to act2 and1 for my part1 ,i could breathe with ease4 ,with the ,ruhmkorff lamp hanging from my belt1 and the gun in my hand1 ,i was ready to set out4 ,but to speak the truth1 imprisoned in these heavy garments and glued to the deck by the leaden soles1 it was impossible for me to take a step4 ,this state of things1 however1 was provided for4 ,i felt myself being pushed into a little room next the wardrobe-room4 ,my companions followed1 towed along in the same way4 ,i heard a water-tight door1 furnished with stopper-plates1 close upon us1 and we were wrapped in profound darkness4 ,after some minutes1 a loud hissing was heard2 ,i felt the cold mount from my feet to my chest4 ,evidently from some part of the vessel they had1 by means of a tap1 given entrance to the water1 which was invading us and with which the room was soon filled4 ,a second door cut in the side of the ,nautilus then opened4 ,we saw a faint light4 ,in another instant our feet trod the bottom of the sea4 ,how can ,i retrace the impression left upon me by that walk under the waters8 ,words are impotent to relate such wonders4 ,captain ,nemo walked in front1 his companion followed some steps behind4 ,conseil and ,i remained near each other1 as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metallic cases4 ,i no longer felt the weight of my clothing1 or of my shoes1 of my reservoir of air1 or my thick helmet1 in the midst of which my head rattled like an almond in its shell4 ,the light which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean astonished me by its power4 ,the solar rays shone through the watery mass easily and dissipated all color1 and ,i clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards4 ,beyond that the tints darkened into fine gradations of vultramarine and faded into vague obscurity4 ,we were walking on fine1 even sand1 not wrinkled as on a flat shore1 which retains the impression of the billows4 ,this dazzling carpet1 really a reflector1 repelled the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity1 which accounted for the vibration which penetrated every atom of liquid4 ,shall ,i be believed when ,i say that1 at a depth of thirty feet1 ,i could see as well as if ,i was in broad daylight8 ,for a quarter of an hour ,i trod on this sand2 the hull of the ,nautilus1 resembling a long shoal1 disappeared by degrees2 but its lantern would help to guide us back when darkness should overtake us in the waters4 ,soon forms of objects outlined in the distance became discernible4 ,i recognized magnificent rocks1 hung with a tapestry of vzoophytes of the most beautiful kind4 ,it was then about ten o'clock in the morning1 and the rays of the sun struck the surface of the waves at rather an oblique angle2 at the touch of the light1 decomposed by vrefraction as through a prism1 flowers1 rocks1 plants1 and shells were shaded at the edges by the seven solar colors4 ,it was a marvelous feast for the eyes1 this complication of colored tints1 a perfect vkaleidoscope of green1 yellow1 orange1 violet1 indigo1 and blue6 ,all these wonders ,i saw in the space of a quarter of a mile1 scarcely stopping and following ,captain ,nemo1 who beckoned me on by signs4 ,soon the nature of the soil changed2 to the sandy plain succeeded an extent of slimy mud2 we then traveled over a plain of seaweed of wild and luxuriant vegetation4 ,this sward was of close texture and soft to the feet1 rivaling the softest carpet woven by the hand of man4 ,while verdure was spread at our feet1 it did not abandon our heads4 ,a light network of marine plants grew on the surface of the water4 ,we had been gone from the ,nautilus an hour and a half4 ,it was near noon2 ,i knew this by the vperpendicularity of the sun's rays1 which were no longer refracted4 ,the magical colors disappeared by degrees and the shades of emerald and sapphire were effaced4 ,we walked with a regular step1 which rang upon the ground with astonishing intensity2 indeed the slightest noise was transmitted with a quickness and vividness to which the ear is unaccustomed on earth1 water being a better conductor of sound than air in the vratio of four to one4 ,at this period the earth sloped downward2 the light took a uniform tint4 ,we were at a depth of a hundred and five yards4 ,at this depth ,i could still see the rays of the sun1 though feebly2 to their intense brilliancy had succeeded a reddish twilight1 but we could find our way well enough4 ,it was not necessary to resort to the ,ruhmkorff apparatus as yet4 ,at this moment ,captain ,nemo stopped and waited till ,i joined him1 pointing then to an obscure mass which loomed in the shadow at a short distance4 ,it is the forest of the island of ,crespo1 thought ,i1 and ,i was not mistaken4 ,this under-sea forest was composed of large tree-plants2 and the moment we penetrated under its vast varcades ,i was struck by the singular position of their branches3 not an herb which carpeted the ground1 not a branch which clothed the trees was either broken or bent1 nor did they extend in a vhorizontal direction2 all stretched up toward the surface of the sea4 ,not a filament1 not a ribbon1 however thin1 but kept as straight as a rod of iron4 ,they were motionless1 yet when bent to one side by the hand they directly resumed their former position4 ,truly it was a region of perpendicularity4 ,i soon accustomed myself to this fantastic position1 as well as to the comparative darkness which surrounded us4 ,the sights were very wonderful4 ,under numerous shrubs as large as trees on land were massed bushes of living flowers--animals rather than plants--of various colors and glowing softly in the obscurity of the ocean depth4 ,fish flies flew from branch to branch like a swarm of humming-birds1 while swarms of marine creatures rose at our feet like a flight of snipes4 ,in about an hour ,captain ,nemo gave the signal to halt4 ,i1 for my part1 was not sorry1 and we stretched ourselves under an arbor of plants1 the long thin blades of which stood up like arrows4 ,i felt an irresistible desire to sleep1 an experience which happens to all divers4 ,my eyes soon closed behind the thick glasses and ,i fell into a heavy slumber4 ,captain ,nemo and his companion1 stretched in the clear crystal1 set me the example4 ,how long ,i remained buried in this drowsiness ,i cannot judge2 but when ,i woke1 the sun seemed sinking toward the horizon4 ,captain ,nemo had already risen1 and ,i was beginning to stretch my limbs when an unexpected sight brought me briskly to my feet4 ,a few steps off1 a monster sea-spider1 about forty inches high1 was watching me with squinting eyes1 ready to spring on me4 ,though my diver's dress was thick enough to defend me from the bite of this animal1 ,i could not help shuddering with horror4 ,conseil and the sailor of the ,nautilus awoke at this moment4 ,captain ,nemo pointed out the hideous creature1 which a blow from the butt end of a gun knocked over2 ,i saw the claws of the monster writhe in horrible convulsions4 ,this incident reminded me that other animals more to be feared might haunt these obscure depths1 against whose attacks my diving-clothes would not protect me4 ,indeed1 ,i thought that this halt would mark the end of our walk2 but ,i was mistaken1 for instead of returning to the ,nautilus1 we continued our bold excursion4 ,the ground was still on the incline2 its declivity seemed to be getting greater and to be leading us to lower depths4 ,it must have been about three o'clock when we reached a narrow valley between high walls2 thanks to the perfection of our apparatus1 we were far below the depth to which divers ever penetrate4 ,at our great depth the darkness thickened2 ten paces away not an object was visible4 ,i was groping my way when ,i suddenly saw a brilliant white light flash out ahead2 ,captain ,nemo had turned on his electric torch4 ,the rest of us soon followed his example1 and the sea1 lit by our four lanterns1 was illuminated for a circle of forty yards4 ,captain ,nemo still plunged onward into the dark reaches of the forest1 whose trees were getting scarcer at every step4 ,at last1 after about four hours1 this marvelous excursion came to an end4 ,a wall of superb rocks rose before us1 a heap of gigantic blocks1 an enormous granite shore4 ,it was the prop of the island of ,crespo4 ,it was the earth6 ,the return now began4 ,captain ,nemo resumed his place at the head of his little band and directed the course without hesitation4 ,i thought we were not following the road we had come1 on our return to the ,nautilus4 ,the new way was very steep and consequently very painful2 we approached the surface of the sea rapidly1 but this ascent was not so sudden as to cause a too rapid relief from the pressure of the water1 which would have been dangerous4 ,very soon light reappeared and grew1 and as the sun was low on the horizon1 the refraction edged all objects with a vspectral ring4 ,at ten yards deep1 we walked amid a shoal of little fishes1 more numerous than the birds of the air2 but no vaquatic game worthy of a shot had as yet met our gaze4 ,suddenly ,i saw the captain put his gun to his shoulder and follow a moving object into the shrubs4 ,he fired2 ,i heard a slight hissing and the creature fell stunned at some distance from us4 ,it was a magnificent sea-otter1 five feet long and very valuable4 ,its skin1 chestnut-brown above and silvery underneath1 would have made one of those beautiful furs so sought after in the ,russian and ,chinese markets4 ,i admired the curious animal1 with its rounded head ornamented with short ears1 its round eyes1 and white whiskers like those of a cat1 and its webbed feet and nails and tufted tail4 ,this precious beast1 hunted and tracked by fishermen1 has now become very rare and has sought refuge in the northern parts of the ,pacific4 ,captain ,nemo's companion threw the sea-otter over his shoulder1 and we continued our journey4 ,for an hour a plain of sand lay stretched before us1 which sometimes rose to within two yards of the surface of the water4 ,i then saw our image clearly reflected1 drawn inversely1 and above us appeared an identical group reflecting our movements3 in a word1 the image was like us in every point1 except that the figures walked with their heads downward and their feet in the air4 ,for two hours we followed these sandy plains1 then fields of valgae very disagreeable to cross4 ,candidly1 ,i felt that ,i could do no more when ,i saw a glimmer of light1 which for a half-mile broke the darkness of the waters4 ,it was the lantern of the ,nautilus4 ,before twenty minutes were over we should be on board1 and ,i should be able to breathe with ease1 for it seemed that my reservoir supplied air very deficient in oxygen4 ,but ,i did not reckon on an accidental meeting which delayed our arrival for some time4 ,i had remained some steps behind1 when presently ,i saw ,captain ,nemo come hurriedly toward me4 ,with his strong hand he bent me to the ground1 while his companion did the same to ,conseil4 ,at first ,i knew not what to think of this sudden attack1 but ,i was soon reassured by seeing the captain lie down beside me and remain immovable4 ,i was stretched on the ground1 just under shelter of a bush of algae1 when1 raising my head1 ,i saw some enormous mass1 casting phosphorescent gleams1 pass blusteringly by4 ,my blood froze in my veins as ,i recognized two formidable sharks4 ,they were man-eaters1 terrible creatures with enormous tails and a dull glassy stare--monstrous brutes which could crush a whole man in their iron jaws6 ,i noticed their silver undersides and their huge mouths bristling with teeth1 from a very unscientific point of view and more as a possible victim than as a naturalist4 ,happily the vvoracious creatures do not see well4 ,they passed without noticing us1 brushing us with their brownish fins1 and we escaped by a miracle from a danger certainly greater than that of meeting a tiger full-face in a forest4 ,half an hour later1 guided by the electric light1 we reached the ,nautilus4 ,the outside door had been left open1 and ,captain ,nemo closed it as soon as we entered the first cell4 ,he then pressed a knob4 ,i heard the pumps working in the midst of the vessel4 ,i felt the water sinking from around me1 and in a few minutes the cell was entirely empty4 ,the inside door then opened1 and we entered the vestry4 ,our diving-dress was taken off1 not without some trouble2 and fairly worn out from want of food and sleep1 ,i returned to my room in great wonder at this surprising excursion at the bottom of the sea4 ,,jules ,,verne4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,what was the hunt to which the adventurers were invited8 ,describe the preparations for it4 ,what kind of gun did the hunters carry8 ,describe the descent to the bottom of the sea and the walk4 ,what impressed you most8 ,would you care to take a nap at the bottom of the sea8 ,what were the main incidents in the return trip8 ,find out all you can about divers and about life on the floor of the ocean4 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,the ,mysterious ,island--,jules ,verne4 ,thirty ,strange ,stories--,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,the ,great ,stone of ,sardis--,frank ,r4 ,stockton4 ,roll on1 thou deep and dark blue ocean--roll6 ,ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain2 ,man marks the earth with ruin--his control ,stops with the shore2 upon the watery plain ,the wrecks are all thy deed1 nor doth remain ,a shadow of man's ravage4 ,,lord ,,byron4 ,,under ,,seas ,this story is a realistic description of a submarine cruise in the recent war4 ,the ,kate was a ,russian underwater boat operating against the ,german fleet in the ,baltic ,sea4 ,her experiences in this terrible mode of fighting were the same as those of hundreds of submarines belonging to the various warring powers4 ,it may be observed from the description how marvelous has been the advance of science in the last generation4 ,what ,jules ,verne imagined in his book1 ,twenty ,thousand ,leagues ,under the ,sea1 the ,kate accomplished4 ,this story of actual war is not less wonderful than the vision of the romancer4 ,men were placed at the water-pumps1 the oxygen containers1 air-purifiers and vdistilling machinery1 and the vhatchways were thoroughly examined2 the gunners took their posts at the torpedo tubes4 ,the order had been given to move about as little as possible1 to keep in the berths when not on duty1 and not to talk and laugh4 ,then the watchman left the vconning tower1 and the main hatchway was vhermetically closed4 ,captain ,andrey gave the order to submerge and went over to the navigating compartment4 ,water rushed into the vballast tanks1 the boat grew heavy1 and its rolling and pitching ceased3 the ,kate sank and ran ahead under water1 steering by means of the vperiscope4 ,andrey pushed a button and a cone of pale blue rays poured from the tube4 ,the vscreen of the periscope grew alive with tiny waves1 passing clouds1 and a tail of smoke on the skyline4 ,with his chin resting on his arm1 ,andrey scanned the image of the sea which lay before him4 ,presently the smoke vanished1 and on the right hand appeared the hazy outline of land4 ,at nightfall1 the boat1 taking advantage of the darkness1 rose to the surface of the sea and sailed without lights4 ,andrey stood on the bridge throughout the night4 ,the water was placid1 the stars were screened by a light mist1 and far away to the south the pale blue gleam of an enemy searchlight moved through the clouds4 ,the boat was now approaching a mine field4 ,at dawn1 when the greenish-orange light began slowly to pervade the fleecy clouds1 the ,kate sank to a great depth at a definitely fixed point in the sea4 ,steering solely by compass and map1 she commenced to pick her way under the mines4 ,yakovlev was in charge of the steering apparatus1 while ,prince ,bylopolsky calculated the vside drift and reported to the chief engineer in charge of the motors4 ,andrey1 leaning over the map1 gave orders to the man at the wheel4 ,there was no sensation of movement1 and it seemed as if the ,kate stood still amidst the eery darkness4 ,the men for the most part were stretched on their backs1 seeking to consume as little oxygen as possible4 ,in spite of this precaution1 however1 the air was thick1 and the sailors felt a tingling sensation in the ears4 ,suddenly the boat's keel struck against something hard1 and a grating sound broke the stillness4 ,stop6 ,stop6 called out ,andrey1 dashing forth from the navigating cabin4 ,the pinions cracked and the motors ceased to pulsate4 ,immediately the air became hot1 as in a ,turkish bath4 ,andrey entered the water-tight conning tower1 which was flooded with diluted1 greenish light from the ports provided for the purpose of giving a view of the surrounding waters4 ,he peered through the glass pane4 ,vague1 blurred forms and shadows gradually became visible in the twilight of the deep4 ,one of the shadows wavered and glided along the window1 and the round1 tragic eyes of a fish glanced at ,andrey4 ,the fish disappeared in the depths below the boat4 ,evidently the ,kate had not run aground1 nor were there any submerged reefs in that quarter4 ,andrey gave an order to raise the boat several feet4 ,then numerous shadows leaped aside and scattered1 and the captain plainly saw a jumbled heap of ropes and ladders4 ,it was obvious that the ,kate had blundered into the remains of a sunken ship4 ,the halt was unfortunate--indeed1 might prove fatal4 ,the uniform motion of the boat had been disturbed1 the vorientation lost2 the inevitable small error made at the point of submerging must have increased in the course beneath the waves4 ,the ,kate had lost her way1 and something must be done4 ,andrey drummed nervously on the window-pane as he thought4 ,it was impossible to stay under water any longer1 and yet to rise to the surface meant to be seen and attacked by enemy warships4 ,only in this way1 however1 was it possible to determine the boat's position4 ,andrey1 giving an order for the boat to rise slowly1 returned to his observation point4 ,the water gradually grew clearer4 ,suddenly a dark ball moved down to meet the craft4 ,a mine6 flashed across ,andrey's mind1 and1 overcoming the torpor which had begun to oppress his brain1 he ordered the submarine to be swerved from her course4 ,the ball moved away1 but another appeared on the right4 ,there was another change of direction4 ,and now everywhere in the midst of the greenish twilight cast-iron shells lay in wait4 ,the ,kate was in the toils of a mine net6 ,sea water1 when viewed from a great height1 is so transparent that large fishes can even be seen in it4 ,owing to this fact1 the ,kate was discovered by two enemy vhydroplanes as she rose among the mines toward the surface of the bay4 ,the aircraft were seen1 however1 and the boat dived again to a great depth4 ,the ,kate now blindly groped her way forward4 ,the motors worked at their top speed1 and the body of the boat trembled4 ,hundreds of demons called horsepowers fiercely turned the various wheels1 pinions1 and shafts4 ,the air was hot and stuffy2 the men at the engine1 stripped to the waist1 worked feverishly4 ,speed was necessary1 for only oxygen enough to sustain the crew for one hour remained in the lead cylinders4 ,yakovlev still sat at the compass1 his elbows on his knees and his hands pressing his head4 ,the men lounged in the cabins and corridors1 their faces livid with suffocation4 ,prince ,bylopolsky remained leaning over his vlogarithmic tables1 which had now become useless4 ,from time to time he wiped his face1 as if removing a net of invisible cobwebs4 ,finally he rose to his feet1 took a few steps1 and fainted dead away4 ,giving the order to proceed at full speed1 ,andrey hoped to pass the mine zone1 even though some of his men succumbed for lack of air4 ,pale and excited1 his hair in disorder1 and his coat unbuttoned1 he was everywhere at once1 and his voice sustained the failing strength of the half-suffocated crew4 ,seeing the prince stretched unconscious on a berth1 ,andrey poured a few drops of brandy in his mouth and kissed his wet1 childlike forehead4 ,in making too rapid a movement1 lurid flames danced before his eyes1 and he bent back1 striking his head against a sharp angle of an engine4 ,he felt no pain from the blow4 ,bad6 thought ,andrey1 and crawled over to the emergency oxygen container4 ,he opened the faucet and inhaled the fragrant stream of gas4 ,his head began to swim and a sweet fire ran through his veins4 ,with an effort he rose to his feet4 ,the outlines of the objects around him were strangely distinct1 and the faces of the men imploringly turned to him--some of them bearded and high-cheekboned1 others tender and childlike--seemed to him touchingly human4444 ,in the corridor ,andrey came upon a man standing against the wall and gulping the air like a fish4 ,seeing the commander1 he made an effort to cheer up and mumbled1 ,beg pardon1 sir2 ,i'm a bit unwell4 ,the captain leaned over and looked into his eyes1 which a film of death was already beginning to veil4 ,andrey1 turning to the telephone tube1 gave a command to rise4 ,the ,kate shook all over and dived upward4 ,the ascent lasted four minutes and a half1 at the end of which time the boat stood still and light fell on the screen of the periscope4 ,the sailors crawled up to the main hatchway and unscrewed it4 ,cold salt air rushed into the boat1 swelling the chests of the sufferers and turning their heads2 the sensation of free breathing was delicious after the suffocation they had so long endured4 ,andrey1 leaping on the bridge1 found the evening sun suspended above vast masses of warm clouds and the sea quiet and peaceful4 ,he began to take observations with the vsextant1 which shook in his trembling hand4 ,presently a loud buzzing was heard in the sky1 followed by the measured crackling of a machine gun2 from the hull of the boat came a sharp rat-a-tat1 as if some one was throwing dry peas on it4 ,a hydroplane was circling above the ,kate4 ,andrey bit his lip and kept on working2 a squad of his men loaded their rifles4 ,the hydroplane swooped down almost to the surface of the sea1 then soared with a shrill ,f-r-r-r and flew right over the boat4 ,a clean-shaven pilot sat motionless1 his hands on the wheel2 below him an observer gazed downward1 waiting4 ,suddenly the latter lifted a bomb and threw it into a tube4 ,the missile flashed in the air and plunged into the sea at the very side of the boat4 ,one of the crew fired his rifle1 and the observer threw up his leather-covered arms with outspread fingers4 ,slowly circling under the fire of the submarine crew1 the aircraft rose toward the clouds and sailed off4 ,over the sky-ridge another aeroplane appeared1 looking like a long thin line4 ,meantime the ,kate picked her way with graceful ease across the orange-colored waters as if cutting through molten glass4 ,andrey1 buttoning his coat1 said with a grimace1 ,well1 ,yakovlev1 the mines are behind us1 but what are we going to do now8 ,this region is full of reefs and sandbanks1 replied ,yakovlev4 ,that's just the trouble4 ,i wouldn't risk sailing under the water4 ,wait a moment4 ,he raised his hand4 ,a violent whizzing sound came from the west2 ,andrey ordered greater speed4 ,a vgrenade hissed on the right1 and a jet of water spurted up from the quiet surface4 ,the ,kate tacked sharply toward the purpling horizon in the west1 and behind1 in her shadowy wake1 another bomb burst and blossomed out into a small cloud4 ,the boat then turned east again1 but now in front of her1 on both sides1 everywhere1 shells burst and sputtered fire4 ,the scouting hydroplane dashed over the submarine like a bat2 two pale faces looked down and disappeared4 ,then right above the stern of the ,kate a grenade exploded and one of the sailors dropped his rifle1 clutched his face1 toppled over the railing1 and disappeared beneath the water4 ,all hands below6 cried ,andrey2 and1 watching where the shells fell thickest1 he began to give his orders4 ,the ,kate circled like a run-down hare1 while all along the darkening skyline the smoking stacks of mine-layers and destroyers were visible as the enemy's ruthless ring rapidly tightened about the submarine4 ,having had her wireless mast shot off by a shell1 the ,kate now dashed toward the rocky shore1 running awash4 ,six sparks shot up in the dark and six steel-clad demons hissed above the boat4 ,the long shadow of a ship glided along the shore4 ,the ,kate shook1 and a sharp-nosed torpedo detached itself from her hull and glided away under the water to meet the vsilhouette of the vessel4 ,a moment passed1 and a fluffy1 mountainous mass of fire and water rose from the spot where the stacks of a mine-layer had projected shortly before4 ,the mountain sank and the silhouette disappeared4 ,the ,kate entered a baylet among the rocks1 submerged1 and lay on the sandy sea-bed4 ,two weeks the submarine remained in the inlet1 completely cut off from the rest of the world4 ,by day she hid in the deep1 and only under the cover of night did she rise to the surface to get a supply of air4 ,the greatest precautions were necessary1 for there was little likelihood that the enemy believed the submarine to be destroyed4 ,at the end of that time some action was inevitable1 as the boat's supplies had given out2 for three days the crew had fed on fish which one of the men had caught at great risk4 ,audrey decided to leave the bay and make a supreme effort to run the enemy's cordon4 ,about daybreak1 as the ,kate was nearing the surface of the sea1 the crew became aware of a tremendous muffled cannonade2 and when the boat emerged into a white fog1 the whole coast shook and echoed with the roar and crash of a sea battle4 ,broadsides and terrific explosions alternated with the crackling of guns4 ,it was as though a multitude of sea-devils coughed and blew and roared at each other4 ,quick1 sir1 shouted ,yakovlev1 holding on to the railing2 we can break through now6 ,his teeth rattled4 ,the preparations for the dash had been completed4 ,a strong gale swept away the fog and drove its torn masses over the sea1 laying bare the rocky shore4 ,the ,kate dashed out of the bay into the open4 ,the firing was now heard behind and on the right2 the road to the port was open at last4 ,the submarine rushed along1 ripping in twain the frothing waves4 ,in this moment of exaltation1 to return safely to base1 simply to do one's duty1 seemed too little to these fearless men4 ,the feeling that possessed them was not enthusiasm but a greediness1 a yearning for destruction4 ,we cannot go away like this1 ,yakovlev shouted in ,audrey's ear2 turn back or ,i will shoot myself6 ,the man was completely beside himself2 his pale face twisted convulsively4 ,just then the sun arose1 turning the rolling sea into a dull orange4 ,near at hand invisible ships thundered against each other4 ,suddenly a gray mountain-like shape emerged from the fog1 enveloped in flame and smoke4 ,above its turrets1 stacks1 and masts fluttered a flag bearing a black eagle4 ,mad with the thought that the opportunity had come at last1 ,andrey rushed down the hatchway1 knocking over ,yakovlev on the way1 and loaded the torpedo tube4 ,the ,kate submerged a little1 and sailing awash1 headed straight for the enemy vessel4 ,the shadow of the hostile ship glided along the periscope screen1 every now and then wrapping itself into a cloud pierced with fiery needles of shots4 ,the ,kate fired a torpedo but missed her aim4 ,leaning over the screen and biting his lips to bleeding1 ,andrey examined the tiny image of the vessel1 one of the mightiest of battleships4 ,the distance between the ,kate and the enemy vessel continued to decrease2 the image of the ship already occupied half of the periscope screen4 ,another torpedo6 shouted ,andrey4 ,at that very instant a blow was struck the boat and the periscope screen grew dark4 ,andrey ran out from the navigating compartment and shouted3 ,the periscope is shot away6 ,full speed forward6 ,the engineer seized the handle of a lever and asked1 ,which way8 ,forward6 forward6 ,andrey went into the conning tower2 straight in front of him foamy eddies whirled furiously4 ,the dark hull of a ship appeared1 obscuring the light4 ,stop6 shouted ,andrey4 ,fire another one6 ,full speed backward6 ,he closed his eyes4 ,for a moment it seemed to him that the end had come4 ,he was hurled by the explosion of the torpedo into the corridor and dashed against the wall4 ,the outcries of the men were drowned by the muffled thud of the inrushing water4 ,the light went out2 the ,kate began to rotate and sink4 ,the boat did not stay long in the deep2 freed from the weight of two torpedoes1 she slowly began to rise1 stopped before reaching the surface1 and commenced to sink again as the water continued to leak into her hull4 ,a sailor found ,andrey in a narrow passage unconscious1 though breathing regularly4 ,the man dressed the captain's wounds1 but could not bring him to his senses4 ,another sailor tried to revive ,yakovlev1 but soon saw that that officer was dead4 ,all the available hands toiled at the pumps1 while the engineer and his two assistants worked frantically at the engine4 ,the ,kate was near the surface1 but as the periscope and the indicator had been destroyed1 it was impossible to tell precisely where she was4 ,on the other hand1 to unscrew the hatch and look out would subject the boat to the risk of being flooded4 ,finally1 the engineer reported that it was necessary to replace the cylinder1 but that this was difficult to do because the supply of candles was giving out4 ,kuritzyn1 a sailor who had assumed command1 ordered the men at the pumps to pump until they dropped dead1 if necessary1 but to raise the boat at least one yard4 ,the men obeyed in grim silence4 ,presently the last candle went out4 ,it's all over1 boys1 said some one1 and the pumps stopped4 ,the only sound that now broke the silence was the monotonous splash of water leaking down on the periscope screen4 ,follow me1 said ,kuritzyn hoarsely to two of the men4 ,let us unscrew the hatches4 ,what's the use of fooling any longer8 ,feeling their way in the darkness1 several men followed the leader into the corridor and up the spiral staircase in the main hatchway4 ,when they reached the top1 they grasped the bolts of the lid4 ,here's our finish1 said one of the men4 ,just then the sound of footsteps on the outside of the boat reached their ears4 ,some one was walking on the ,kate's hull6 ,down to the ballast tanks6 ,kuritzyn ordered4 ,when ,i fire1 blow them out4 ,we are ordered not to surrender the boat4 ,with his revolver between his teeth1 he pressed the bolt4 ,the lid yielded2 light and air rushed into the opening4 ,hey1 who is there8 ,kuritzyn shouted4 ,russians1 ,russians1 replied a voice4 ,thank ,god6 said ,kuritzyn in a tone of intense gratitude4 ,,count ,,alexis ,,tolstoi4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,tell of the preparations made for the submerging of the ,kate4 ,describe the scene within the vessel4 ,what accident halted the boat8 ,describe the events that followed4 ,where did the ,kate find anchorage8 ,describe her exit from the bay4 ,what flag was it that bore a black eagle8 ,what was the fate of the ship bearing that flag8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,twenty ,thousand ,leagues ,under the ,sea--,jules ,verne4 ,the ,pilot--,j4 ,fenimore ,cooper4 ,a ,,voyage ,,to ,,the ,,moon ,the moon1 being the nearest to the earth of all the heavenly bodies1 has always occupied the imagination of men4 ,many fanciful accounts have been written of voyages to the moon1 of which the following story by ,edgar ,allan ,poe is among the best4 ,so wonderful has been the advance of science that it is conceivable that at some distant time in the future the inhabitants of this world may possibly be able to visit the beautiful body which lights the night for us4 ,i ,after a long and arduous devotion to the study of physics and astronomy1 ,i1 ,hans ,pfaal of ,rotterdam1 at length determined to construct a balloon of my own along original lines and to try a flight in it4 ,accordingly ,i had made an enormous bag out of cambric muslin1 varnished with caoutchouc for protection against the weather4 ,i procured all the instruments needed for a prolonged ascent and finally prepared for the inflation of the balloon4 ,herein lay my secret1 my invention1 the thing in which my balloon differed from all the balloons that had gone before4 ,out of a peculiar vmetallic substance and a very common acid ,i was able to manufacture a gas of a density about #cg4d less than that of hydrogen1 and thus by far the lightest substance ever known4 ,it would serve to carry the balloon to heights greater than had been attained before1 for hydrogen is the gas usually used4 ,the hour for my experiment in ballooning finally arrived4 ,i had chosen the night as the best time for the ascension1 because ,i should thereby avoid annoyances caused by the curiosity of the ignorant and the idle4 ,it was the first of ,april4 ,the night was dark2 there was not a star to be seen2 and a drizzling rain1 falling at intervals1 made me very uncomfortable4 ,but my chief anxiety was concerning the balloon1 which1 in spite of the varnish with which it was defended1 began to grow rather heavy with the moisture4 ,i therefore set my assistants to working1 and in about four hours and a half ,i found the balloon sufficiently inflated4 ,i attached the car and put all my implements in it--a telescope1 a barometer1 a thermometer1 an velectrometer1 a compass1 a magnetic needle1 a seconds watch1 a bell1 and other things4 ,i had further procured a globe of glass1 exhausted of air and carefully closed with a stopper1 not forgetting a special apparatus for condensing air1 a copious supply of water1 and a large quantity of provisions1 such as vpemmican1 in which much vnutriment is contained in comparatively little bulk4 ,i also secured a cat in the car4 ,it was now nearly daybreak1 and ,i thought it high time to take my departure4 ,i immediately cut the single cord which held me to the earth1 and was pleased to find that ,i shot upward with vinconceivable rapidity1 carrying with all ease one hundred and seventy-five pounds of leaden ballast and able to have carried as much more4 ,scarcely1 however1 had ,i attained the height of fifty yards1 when roaring and rumbling up after me in the most vtumultuous and terrible manner1 came so dense a hurricane of fire and gravel and burning wood and blazing metal that my very heart sunk within me and ,i fell down in the car1 trembling with terror4 ,some of my chemical materials had exploded immediately beneath me almost at the moment of my leaving earth4 ,the balloon at first collapsed1 then furiously expanded1 then whirled round and round with sickening vvelocity1 and finally1 reeling and staggering like a drunken man1 hurled me over the rim of the car2 and in the moment of my fall ,i lost consciousness4 ,i had no knowledge of what had saved me4 ,when ,i partially recovered the sense of existence1 ,i found the day breaking1 the balloon at a vprodigious height over a wilderness of ocean1 and not a trace of land to be discovered far and wide within the limits of the vast horizon4 ,my sensations1 however1 upon thus recovering1 were by no means so vreplete with agony as might have been anticipated4 ,indeed1 there was much of madness in the calm survey which ,i began to take of my situation4 ,i drew up to my eyes each of my hands1 one after the other1 and wondered what occurrence could have given rise to the swelling of the veins and the horrible blackness of the finger nails4 ,i afterward carefully examined my head1 shaking it repeatedly and feeling it with minute attention1 until ,i succeeded in satisfying myself that it was not1 as ,i had more than half suspected1 larger than the balloon4 ,it now occurred to me that ,i suffered great uneasiness in the joint of my left ankle1 and a dim consciousness of my situation began to glimmer through my mind4 ,i began to understand that my foot had caught in a rope and that ,i was hanging downward outside the car4 ,but strange to say6 ,i was neither astonished nor horror-stricken4 ,if ,i felt any emotion at all1 it was a sort of chuckling satisfaction at the cleverness ,i was about to display in getting myself out of this vdilemma4 ,with great caution and deliberation1 ,i put my hands behind my back and unfastened the large iron buckle which belonged to the waistband of my pantaloons4 ,this buckle had three teeth1 which1 being somewhat rusty1 turned with great difficulty on their axis4 ,i brought them1 however1 after some trouble1 at right angles to the body of the buckle and was glad to find them remain firm in that position4 ,holding with my teeth the instrument thus obtained1 ,i proceeded to untie the knot of my cravat2 it was at length accomplished4 ,to one end of the cravat ,i then made fast the buckle1 and the other end ,i tied1 for greater security1 tightly around my wrist4 ,drawing now my body upward1 with a prodigious exertion of muscular force1 ,i succeeded1 at the very first trial1 in throwing the buckle over the car1 and entangling it1 as ,i had anticipated1 in the circular rim of the wicker-work4 ,my body was now inclined toward the side of the car at an angle of about forty-five degrees2 but it must not be understood that ,i was therefore only forty-five degrees below the vperpendicular4 ,so far from it1 ,i still lay nearly level with the plane of the horizon1 for the change of position which ,i had acquired had forced the bottom of the car considerably outward from my position1 which was accordingly one of the most extreme peril4 ,it should be remembered1 however1 that when ,i fell from the car1 if ,i had fallen with my face turned toward the balloon1 instead of turned outwardly from it as it actually was--or if1 in the second place1 the cord by which ,i was suspended had chanced to hang over the upper edge instead of through a crevice near the bottom of the car--in either of these cases1 ,i should have been unable to accomplish even as much as ,i had now accomplished4 ,i had therefore every reason to be grateful1 although1 in point of fact1 ,i was still too stupid to be anything at all1 and hung for perhaps a quarter of an hour in that extraordinary manner1 without making the slightest farther exertion1 and in a singularly tranquil state of idiotic enjoyment4 ,this feeling1 however1 did not fail to die rapidly away1 and thereunto succeeded horror and dismay1 and a sense of utter helplessness and ruin4 ,in fact1 the blood so long accumulating in the vessels of my head and throat1 and which had hitherto buoyed up my spirits with delirium1 had now begun to retire within its proper channels1 and the distinctness which was thus added to my perception of the danger merely served to deprive me of the self-possession and courage to encounter it4 ,but this weakness was1 luckily for me1 of no very great duration4 ,in good time came to my rescue the spirit of despair1 and with frantic cries and struggles1 ,i jerked my body upward1 till1 at length1 clutching with a vice-like grip the long-desired rim1 ,i writhed my person over it and fell headlong and shuddering within the car4 ,when ,i had recovered from the weakness caused by being so long in that position and the horror from which ,i had suffered1 ,i found that all my implements were in place and that neither ballast nor provisions had been lost4 ,it is now high time that ,i should explain the object of my voyage4 ,i had been harassed for long by poverty and creditors4 ,in this state of mind1 wishing to live and yet wearied with life1 my deep studies in astronomy opened a resource to my imagination4 ,i determined to depart1 yet live--to leave the world1 yet continue to exist--in short1 to be plain1 ,i resolved1 let come what would1 to force a passage1 if possible1 to the moon4 ,this was not so mad as it seems4 ,the moon's actual distance from the earth was the first thing to be attended to4 ,the mean or average interval between the centers of the two planets is only about #bcg1jjj miles4 ,but at certain times the moon and earth are much nearer than at others1 and if ,i could contrive to meet the moon at the moment when it was nearest earth1 the above-mentioned distance would be materially lessened4 ,but even taking the average distance and deducting the vradius of the earth and the moon1 the actual interval to be traversed under average circumstances would be #bca1ibj miles4 ,now this1 ,i reflected1 was no very extraordinary distance4 ,traveling on the land has been repeatedly accomplished at the rate of sixty miles an hour2 and indeed a much greater speed may be anticipated4 ,but even at this velocity it would take me no more than #afa days to reach the surface of the moon4 ,there were1 however1 many particulars inducing me to believe that my average rate of traveling might possibly very much exceed that of sixty miles an hour4 ,the next point to be regarded was one of far greater importance4 ,we know that at #ah1jjj feet above the surface of the earth we have passed one-half the material1 or1 at all events1 one-half the vponderable body of air upon the globe4 ,it is also calculated that at a height of eighty miles the vrarefaction of air is so great that animal life can be sustained in no manner4 ,but ,i did not fail to perceive that these calculations are founded on our experimental knowledge of the air in the immediate vicinity of the earth1 and that it is taken for granted that animal life is incapable of vmodification4 ,i thought that no matter how high we may ascend we cannot arrive at a limit beyond which no atmosphere is to be found4 ,it must exist1 ,i argued1 although it may exist in a state of vinfinite rarefaction4 ,having adopted this view of the subject1 ,i had little farther hesitation4 ,granting that on my passage ,i should meet with atmosphere essentially the same as at the surface of the earth1 ,i thought that1 by means of my very ingenious apparatus for that purpose1 ,i should readily be able to condense it in sufficient quantity for breathing4 ,this would remove the chief obstacle in a journey to the moon4 ,i now turned to view the prospect beneath me4 ,at twenty minutes past six o'clock1 the barometer showed an elevation of #bf1jjj feet1 or five miles to a fraction4 ,the outlook seemed unbounded4 ,i beheld as much as a sixteen-hundredth part of the whole surface of the globe4 ,the sea appeared as unruffled as a mirror1 although1 by means of the telescope1 ,i could perceive it to be in a state of violent agitation4 ,i now began to experience1 at intervals1 severe pain in the head1 especially about the ears1 due to the rarefaction of the air4 ,the cat seemed to suffer no inconvenience whatever4 ,i was rising rapidly1 and by seven o'clock the barometer indicated an altitude of no less than nine miles and a half4 ,i began to find great difficulty in drawing my breath4 ,my head1 too1 was excessively painful2 and1 having felt for some time a moisture about my cheeks1 ,i at length discovered it to be blood1 which was oozing quite fast from the drums of my ears4 ,these symptoms were more than ,i had expected and occasioned me some alarm4 ,at this juncture1 very imprudently and without consideration1 ,i threw out from the car three five-pound pieces of ballast4 ,the increased rate of ascent thus obtained carried me too rapidly into a highly rarefied layer of atmosphere1 and the result nearly proved fatal to my expedition and myself4 ,i was suddenly seized with a spasm1 which lasted for more than five minutes1 and even when this in a measure ceased1 ,i could catch my breath only at long intervals1 and in a gasping manner--bleeding all the while copiously at the nose and ears and even slightly at the eyes4 ,the cat mewed piteously1 and1 with her tongue hanging out of her mouth1 staggered to and fro in the car as if under the influence of poison4 ,i now too late discovered the great rashness of which ,i had been guilty in discharging my ballast1 and my agitation was excessive4 ,i expected nothing less than death1 and death in a few minutes4 ,i lay down in the bottom of the car and endeavored to collect my faculties4 ,in this ,i so far succeeded as to determine upon the experiment of losing blood4 ,having no lancet1 ,i was obliged to open a vein in my arm with the blade of a penknife4 ,the blood had hardly commenced flowing when ,i experienced a sensible relief1 and by the time ,i had lost about half a basin-full most of the worst symptoms were gone4 ,the difficulty of breathing1 however1 was diminished in a very slight degree1 and ,i found that it would be soon positively necessary to make use of my condenser4 ,by eight o'clock ,i had actually attained an elevation of seventeen miles above the surface of the earth4 ,thus it seemed to me evident that my rate of ascent was not only on the increase1 but that the progress would have been apparent to a slight extent even had ,i not discharged the ballast which ,i did4 ,the pains in my head and ears returned at intervals and with violence1 and ,i still continued to bleed occasionally at the nose2 but upon the whole ,i suffered much less than might have been expected4 ,i now unpacked the condensing apparatus and got it ready for immediate use4 ,the view of the earth at this period of my ascension was beautiful indeed4 ,to the westward1 the northward1 and the southward1 as far as ,i could see1 lay a boundless sheet of apparently unruffled ocean1 which every moment gained a deeper and deeper tint of blue4 ,at a vast distance to the eastward1 although perfectly discernible1 extended the islands of ,great ,britain1 the entire ,atlantic coasts of ,france and ,spain1 with a small portion of the northern part of the continent of ,africa4 ,of individual edifices not a trace could be found1 and the proudest cities of mankind had utterly faded away from the surface of the earth4 ,at a quarter-past eight1 being able no longer to draw breath without the most intolerable pain1 ,i proceeded forthwith to adjust around the car the apparatus belonging to the condenser4 ,i had prepared a very strong1 perfectly air-tight gum-elastic bag4 ,in this bag1 which was of sufficient size1 the entire car was in a manner placed4 ,that is to say1 the bag was drawn over the whole bottom of the car1 up its sides and so on1 up to the upper rim where the net-work is attached4 ,having pulled up the bag and made a complete inclosure on all sides1 ,i was shut in an air-tight chamber4 ,in the sides of this covering had been inserted three circular panes of thick but clear glass1 through which ,i could see without difficulty around me in every horizontal direction4 ,in that portion of the cloth forming the bottom was a fourth window corresponding with a small aperture in the floor of the car itself4 ,this enabled me to see straight down1 but ,i had been unable to fix a similar window above me and so ,i could expect to see no objects directly overhead4 ,the condensing apparatus was connected with the outer air by a tube to admit air at one end and by a valve at the bottom of the car to eject foul air4 ,by the time ,i had completed these arrangements and filled the chamber with condensed air by means of the apparatus1 it wanted only ten minutes of nine o'clock4 ,during the whole period of my being thus employed1 ,i endured the most terrible distress from difficulty of respiration1 and bitterly did ,i repent the foolhardiness of which ,i had been guilty in putting off to the last moment a matter of so much importance4 ,but having at length accomplished it1 ,i soon began to reap the benefit of my invention4 ,once again ,i breathed with perfect freedom and ease--and indeed why should ,i not8 ,i was also agreeably surprised to find myself1 in a great measure1 relieved from the violent pains which had hitherto tormented me4 ,a slight headache1 accompanied by a sensation of fulness about the wrists1 the ankles1 and the throat1 was nearly all of which ,i had now to complain4 ,at twenty minutes before nine o'clock1 the mercury attained its limit1 or ran down1 in the barometer4 ,the instrument then indicated an altitude of twenty-five miles1 and ,i consequently surveyed at that time an extent of the earth's area amounting to no less than one three-hundred-and-twentieth part of the entire surface4 ,at half-past nine1 ,i tried the experiment of throwing out a handful of feathers through the valve4 ,they did not float as ,i had expected1 but dropped down like a bullet and with the greatest velocity1 being out of sight in a very few seconds4 ,it occurred to me that the atmosphere was now far too rare to sustain even feathers2 that they actually fell1 as they appeared to do1 with great speed1 and that ,i had been surprised by the united velocities of their descent and my own rise4 ,at six o'clock ,p4 ,m41 ,i perceived a great portion of the earth's visible area to the eastward involved in thick shadow1 which continued to advance with great rapidity1 until at five minutes before seven the whole surface in sight was enveloped in the darkness of night4 ,it was not1 however1 until long after this time that the rays of the setting sun ceased to illumine the balloon1 and this fact1 although1 of course1 expected1 did not fail to give me great pleasure4 ,in the morning ,i should behold the rising vluminary many hours before the citizens of ,rotterdam1 in spite of their situation so much farther to the eastward1 and thus1 day after day1 in proportion to the height ascended1 ,i should enjoy the light of the sun for a longer and longer period4 ,i now resolved to keep a journal of my passage1 reckoning the days by twenty-four hours instead of by day and night4 ,at ten o'clock1 feeling sleepy1 ,i determined to lie down for the rest of the night2 but here a difficulty presented itself1 which1 obvious as it may appear1 had escaped my attention up to the very moment of which ,i am now speaking4 ,if ,i went to sleep1 as ,i proposed1 how could the air in the chamber be renewed in the meanwhile8 ,to breath it more than an hour at the farthest would be impossible2 or1 even if this term could be extended to an hour and a quarter1 the most ruinous consequences might ensue4 ,this dilemma gave me no little anxiety2 and it will hardly be believed that1 after the dangers ,i had undergone1 ,i should look upon this business in so serious a light as to give up all hope of accomplishing my ultimate design1 and finally make up my mind to the necessity of a descent4 ,but this hesitation was only momentary4 ,i reflected that man is the slave of custom and that many things are deemed essential which are only the results of habit4 ,it was certain that ,i could not do without sleep2 but ,i might easily bring myself to feel no inconvenience from being awakened at intervals of an hour during the whole period of my repose4 ,it would require but five minutes to renew the air1 and the only difficulty was to contrive a method of arousing myself at the proper moment for so doing4 ,this question caused me no little trouble to solve4 ,i at length hit upon the following plan4 ,my supply of water had been put on board in kegs of five gallons each and ranged securely around the interior of the car4 ,i unfastened one of these and1 taking two ropes1 tied them tightly across the rim of the wicker-work from one side to the other1 placing them about a foot apart and parallel1 so as to form a kind of shelf1 upon which ,i placed the keg and steadied it4 ,about eight inches below these ropes ,i fastened another shelf made of thin plank1 on which shelf1 and beneath one of the rims of the keg1 a small pitcher was placed4 ,i bored a hole in the end of the keg over the pitcher and fitted in a plug of soft wood1 which ,i pushed in or pulled out1 until1 after a few experiments1 it arrived at that exact degree of tightness at which the water1 oozing from the hole and falling into the pitcher below1 would fill the latter to the brim in the period of sixty minutes4 ,having arranged all this1 the rest of the plan was simple4 ,my bed was so contrived upon the floor of the car as to bring my head1 in lying down1 immediately below the mouth of the pitcher4 ,it was evident that1 at the expiration of an hour1 the pitcher1 getting full1 would be forced to run over and to run over at the mouth1 which was somewhat lower than the rim4 ,it was also evident that the water1 falling from a height1 could not do otherwise than fall on my face and awaken me even from the soundest slumber in the world4 ,it was fully eleven by the time ,i had completed these arrangements1 and ,i at once betook myself to bed with full confidence in my invention4 ,nor in this matter was ,i disappointed4 ,punctually every sixty minutes ,i was aroused by my trusty clock1 when1 having emptied the pitcher into the bung-hole of the keg and filled the chamber with condensed air1 ,i retired again to bed4 ,these regular interruptions to my slumber caused me less discomfort than ,i had anticipated2 and when ,i finally arose for the day1 it was seven o'clock and the sun was high above the horizon4 ,i found the balloon at an immense height indeed1 and the earth's roundness had now become strikingly manifest4 ,below me in the ocean lay a cluster of black specks1 which undoubtedly were islands4 ,overhead1 the sky was of a jetty black1 and the stars were brilliantly visible2 indeed they had been so constantly since the first day of ascent4 ,far away to the northward ,i saw a thin1 white and exceedingly brilliant line1 or streak1 on the edge of the horizon1 and ,i had no hesitation in supposing it to be the southern disc of the ices of the ,polar sea4 ,my curiosity was greatly excited1 for ,i had hopes of passing on much farther to the north1 and might possibly1 at some period1 find myself directly above the ,pole itself4 ,i now lamented that my great elevation would1 in this case1 prevent me from taking as accurate a survey as ,i could wish4 ,my condensing apparatus continued in good order1 and the balloon still ascended without any perceptible change4 ,the cold was intense1 and obliged me to wrap up closely in an overcoat4 ,when darkness came over the earth1 ,i went to bed1 although it was for many hours afterward broad daylight all around me4 ,the water-clock was punctual in its duty1 and ,i slept until next morning soundly1 with the exception of the periodical interruptions4 ,,april #d,,th4 ,i arose in good health and spirits1 and was astonished at the singular change which had taken place in the appearance of the sea4 ,it had lost1 in a great measure1 the deep tint of blue it had hitherto worn1 being now of a grayish-white and of a luster dazzling to the eye4 ,the curve of the ocean had become so evident that the entire mass of water seemed to be tumbling headlong over the abyss of the horizon1 and ,i found myself listening on tiptoe for the echoes of the mighty cataract4 ,the islands were no longer visible2 whether they had passed down the horizon to the southeast1 or whether my increasing elevation had left them out of sight1 it is impossible to say4 ,i was inclined1 however1 to the latter opinion4 ,the rim of ice to the northward was growing more and more apparent4 ,the cold was by no means so intense4 ,,april #e,,th4 ,i beheld the singular sight of the sun rising while nearly the whole visible surface of the earth continued to be involved in darkness4 ,in time1 however1 the light spread itself over all1 and ,i again saw the line of ice to the northward4 ,it was now very distinct and appeared of a much darker hue than the waters of the ocean4 ,i was evidently approaching it1 and with great rapidity4 ,i fancied ,i could again distinguish a strip of land to the eastward1 and one also to the westward1 but could not be certain4 ,,april #f,,th4 ,i was surprised at finding the rim of ice at a very moderate distance1 and an immense field of the same material stretching away off to the horizon in the north4 ,it was evident that if the balloon held its present course1 it would soon arrive above the ,frozen ,ocean1 and ,i had now little doubt of ultimately seeing the ,pole4 ,during the whole of the day ,i continued to near the ice4 ,toward night the limits of my horizon very suddenly and materially increased1 owing undoubtedly to the earth's form1 which is round but flattened near the poles4 ,when darkness at length overtook me1 ,i went to bed in great anxiety1 fearing to pass over the object of so much curiosity when ,i should have no opportunity of observing it4 ,,april #g,,th4 ,i arose early1 and1 to my great joy1 at length beheld what there could be no hesitation in supposing the northern ,pole itself4 ,it was there1 beyond a doubt1 and immediately beneath my feet2 but alas6 ,i had now ascended to so vast a distance that nothing could with accuracy be made out4 ,indeed1 ,i estimated that at four o'clock in the morning of ,april the seventh the balloon had reached a height of not less than #g1bed miles above the surface of the sea4 ,at all events ,i undoubtedly beheld the whole of the earth's diameter2 the entire northern hemisphere lay beneath me like a chart1 and the great circle of the equator itself formed the boundary line of my horizon4 ,,april #h,,th4 ,i found a sensible diminution in the earth's size1 besides a material alteration in its general color and appearance4 ,the whole area partook in different degrees of a tint of pale yellow1 and in some portions had acquired a brilliancy even painful to the eye4 ,my view was somewhat impeded by clouds near the earth1 but nevertheless ,i could easily perceive that the balloon now hovered above the great lakes in ,north ,america and was holding a course due south which would soon bring me to the tropics4 ,this circumstance did not fail to give me the most heartfelt satisfaction1 and ,i hailed it as a happy omen of ultimate success4 ,indeed1 the direction ,i had hitherto taken had filled me with uneasiness1 for it was evident that had ,i continued it much longer1 there would have been no possibility of my arriving at the moon at all1 which revolves around the earth in the plane of the equator4 ,,april #i,,th4 ,to-day the earth's diameter was greatly diminished1 and the color of the surface assumed hourly a deeper tint of yellow4 ,the balloon kept steadily on her course to the southward1 and arrived at nine ,p4 ,m4 over the ,mexican ,gulf4 ,,april #ab,,th4 ,a singular alteration took place in regard to the direction of the balloon1 and1 although fully anticipated1 afforded me the very greatest delight4 ,having reached1 in its former course1 about the twentieth parallel of southern latitude1 it turned off suddenly at an acute angle to the eastward1 and thus proceeded throughout the day1 keeping nearly1 if not altogether1 in the exact plane of the moon's path around the earth4 ,,april #ac,,th4 ,great decrease in the earth's apparent size4 ,the moon could not be seen at all1 being nearly above me4 ,i still continued in the plane of the moon's path1 but made little progress eastward4 ,,april #ad,,th4 ,extremely rapid decrease in the size of the earth4 ,to-day ,i became strongly impressed with the idea that the balloon was holding the direct course which would bring it immediately to the moon where it comes nearest the earth4 ,the moon was directly overhead1 and consequently hidden from my view4 ,great and long continued labor was necessary for the condensation of the atmosphere4 ,,april #af,,th4 ,to-day1 looking upward as well as ,i could1 through each of the side windows alternately1 ,i beheld1 to my great delight1 a very small portion of the moon's disk protruding1 as it were1 on all sides beyond the huge bulk of the balloon4 ,my agitation was extreme1 for ,i had now little doubt of soon reaching the end of my perilous voyage4 ,indeed1 the labor required by the condenser had increased to such a degree that ,i had scarcely any respite from exertion4 ,sleep was a matter nearly out of question4 ,i became quite ill1 and my frame trembled with exhaustion4 ,it was impossible that human nature could endure this state of intense suffering much longer4 ,,april #ag,,th4 ,this morning proved an epoch in my voyage4 ,it will be remembered that on the thirteenth the earth had diminished2 on the fourteenth1 it had still further dwindled2 on the fifteenth1 a still more rapid decrease was observable2 and on retiring for the night of the sixteenth1 the earth had shrunk to small size4 ,what1 therefore1 must have been my amazement1 on awakening from a brief and disturbed slumber on the morning of this day1 the seventeenth1 at finding the surface beneath me so suddenly and wonderfully increased in volume as to seem but a comparatively short distance beneath me6 ,i was thunderstruck6 ,no words can give any adequate idea of the extreme1 the absolute horror and astonishment1 with which ,i was seized1 possessed and altogether overwhelmed4 ,my knees tottered beneath me--my teeth chattered--my hair started up on end4 ,the balloon then had actually burst6 ,these were the first ideas which hurried through my mind4 ,the balloon had burst6 ,i was falling--falling with the most impetuous1 the most wonderful velocity6 ,to judge from the immense distance already so quickly passed over1 it could not be more than ten minutes at the farthest before ,i should meet the surface of the earth and be hurled into annihilation6 ,but at length reflection came to my relief4 ,i paused1 ,i considered1 and ,i began to doubt4 ,the matter was impossible4 ,i could not1 in any reason1 have so rapidly come down4 ,besides1 although ,i was evidently approaching the surface below me1 it was with a speed by no means commensurate with the velocity ,i had at first conceived4 ,this consideration served to calm my mind1 and ,i finally succeeded in looking at the matter in its proper point of view4 ,in fact1 amazement must have fairly deprived me of my senses when ,i could not see the vast difference in appearance between the surface below me and the surface of my mother earth4 ,the latter was indeed over my head and completely hidden by the balloon1 while the moon--the moon itself in all its glory--lay beneath me and at my feet6 ,i had indeed arrived at the point where the attraction of the moon had proved stronger than the attraction of the earth1 and so the moon now appeared to be below me and ,i was descending upon it4 ,it lay beneath me like a chart1 and ,i studied it with the deepest attention4 ,the entire absence of ocean or sea1 and indeed of any lake or river1 or body of water whatsoever1 struck me at the first glance as the most extraordinary feature in its appearance4 ,,april #ah,,th4 ,to-day ,i found an enormous increase in the moon's apparent bulk--and the evidently increased velocity of my descent began to fill me with alarm4 ,i had relied on finding some atmosphere at the moon and on the resistance of this atmosphere to vgravitation as affording me a chance to land in safety4 ,should ,i prove to have been mistaken about the atmosphere1 ,i had nothing better to expect than to be dashed into atoms against the rugged surface of the earth's vsatellite4 ,and indeed ,i had now every reason to be terrified4 ,my distance from the moon was comparatively trivial1 while the labor required by the condenser was diminished not at all1 and ,i could discover no indication whatever of a decreasing rarity of the air4 ,,april #ai,,th4 ,this morning1 to my great joy1 about nine o'clock1 the surface of the moon being frightfully near and my fears excited to the utmost1 the pump of my condenser at length gave evident tokens of an alteration in the atmosphere4 ,by ten1 ,i had reason to believe its density considerably increased4 ,by eleven1 very little labor was necessary at the apparatus2 and at twelve o'clock1 with some hesitation1 ,i ventured to open the car a little and suffered no inconvenience4 ,i finally threw aside the gum-elastic chamber and unrigged it from around the car4 ,as might have been expected1 spasms and violent headache were the immediate consequences of an experiment so rash4 ,but this was forgotten in consideration of other things4 ,my approach was still rapid in the extreme2 and it soon became certain that although ,i had probably not been deceived in the expectation of finding a fairly dense atmosphere1 still ,i had been wrong in supposing that atmosphere dense enough to support the great weight contained in the car of the balloon4 ,i was now close upon the planet and coming down with the most terrible rapidity4 ,i lost not a moment1 accordingly1 in throwing overboard first my ballast1 then my water-kegs1 then my condensing apparatus and gum-elastic chamber1 and finally every article within the car4 ,but it was all to no purpose4 ,i still fell with horrible speed1 and was now not more than half a mile from the surface4 ,as a last resource1 therefore1 having got rid of my coat1 hat1 and boots1 ,i cut loose from the balloon the car itself1 which was of no inconsiderable weight1 and thus clinging with both hands to the net-work1 ,i had barely time to observe that the whole country1 as far as the eye could reach1 was thickly sown with small habitations1 ere ,i tumbled headlong into the very heart of a fantastic city and into the middle of a vast crowd of ugly little people4 ,i turned from them1 and gazing upward at the earth so lately left1 and left perhaps forever1 beheld it like a huge1 dull copper shield1 fixed immovably in the heavens overhead and tipped on one of its edges with a crescent border of the most brilliant gold4 ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,describe the balloon ,hans constructed4 ,how did he extricate himself from each difficulty he encountered8 ,what characteristic did this show8 ,note the changes in the appearance of the earth as he made his journey4 ,on what day did he see the ,north ,pole8 ,in what region was he when he saw the moon8 ,what did he find when he reached that body8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,from the ,earth to the ,moon--,jules ,verne4 ,the ,war of the ,worlds--,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,,the ,,great ,,stone ,,of ,,sardis#cia-99 ,this fanciful tale is taken from ,frank ,r4 ,stockton's ,the ,great ,stone of ,sardis4 ,in this book the hero1 ,roland ,clewe1 is pictured as a scientist who had made many startling discoveries and inventions at his works in ,sardis about the year #aidf4 ,one of his inventions was an automatic shell4 ,this was an enormous projectile1 the peculiarity of which was that its motive power was contained within itself1 very much as a rocket contains the explosives which send it upward4 ,the extraordinary piece of mechanism was of vcylindrical form1 eighteen feet in length and fourteen feet in diameter4 ,the forward end was vconical and not solid1 being formed of a number of flat steel rings1 decreasing in size as they approached the point of the cone4 ,when not in operation these rings did not touch one another1 but they could be forced together by pressure on the point of the cone4 ,one day this shell fell from the supports on which it lay1 the conical end down1 and ploughed its way with terrific force into the earth--how far no one could tell4 ,clewe determined to descend the hole in search of the shell by means of an electric elevator4 ,margaret ,raleigh1 to whom he was engaged1 had gone to the seashore1 and during her absence1 ,clewe planned to make his daring venture4 ,on the day that ,margaret left ,sardis1 ,roland began his preparations for descending the shaft4 ,he had so thoroughly considered the machinery and appliances necessary for the undertaking and had worked out all his plans in such detail1 in his mind and upon paper1 that he knew exactly what he wanted to do4 ,his orders for the great length of chain needed exhausted the stock of several factories1 and the engines he obtained were even more powerful than he had intended them to be2 but these he could procure immediately1 and for smaller ones he would have been obliged to wait4 ,the circular car which was intended to move up and down the shaft1 and the peculiar machinery connected with it1 together with the hoisting apparatus1 were all made in his works4 ,his skilled artisans labored steadily day and night4 ,it was ten days before he was ready to make his descent4 ,margaret was still at the seashore4 ,they had written to each other frequently1 but neither had made mention of the great shaft4 ,even when he was ready to go down1 ,clewe said nothing to any one of an immediate intention of descending4 ,there was a massive door which covered the mouth of the pit2 this he ordered locked and went away4 ,the next morning he walked into the building a little earlier than was his custom1 called for the engineers1 and for ,bryce1 who was to take charge of everything connected with the descent1 and announced that he was going down that day4 ,bryce and the men who were to assist him looked very serious at this4 ,indeed1 if their employer had been any other man than ,roland ,clewe1 it is possible they might have remonstrated with him2 but they knew him1 and they said and did nothing more than what was their duty4 ,the door of the shaft was removed1 the car which had hung high above it was lowered to the mouth of the opening1 and ,roland stepped within it and seated himself4 ,above him and around him were placed vgeological tools and instruments of many kinds1 a lantern1 food1 and drink--everything1 in fact1 which he could possibly be presumed to need upon this extraordinary journey4 ,a telephone was at his side by which he could communicate at any time with the surface of the earth4 ,there were electric bells2 there was everything to make his expedition safe and profitable4 ,finally he gave the word to start the engines2 there were no ceremonies1 and nothing was said out of the common4 ,when the conical top of the car had descended below the surface1 a steel grating1 with holes for the passage of the chains1 was let down over the mouth of the shaft1 and the downward journey began4 ,in the floor of the car were grated openings1 through which ,clewe could look downward2 but1 although the shaft below him was brilliantly illuminated by electric lights placed beneath the car1 it failed to frighten him or make him dizzy to look down1 for the vaperture did not appear to be very far below him4 ,the upper part of the car was partially open1 and bright lights shone upon the sides of the shaft4 ,as he slowly descended1 ,clewe could see the various vstrata appearing and disappearing in the order in which he knew them4 ,not far below the surface he passed cavities which he believed had held water2 but there was no water in them now4 ,he had expected these pockets1 and had feared that upon their edges might be loosened patches of rock or soil1 but everything seemed tightly packed and hard4 ,if anything had been loosened1 it had gone down already4 ,down1 down he went until he came to the eternal rocks1 where the inside of the shaft was polished as if it had been made of glass4 ,the air became warmer and warmer1 but ,clewe knew that the heat would soon decrease4 ,the character of the rocks changed1 and he studied them as he went down1 continually making notes4 ,after a time the polished rocky sides of the shaft grew to be of a solemn sameness4 ,clewe ceased to take notes2 he lighted a cigar and smoked4 ,he tried to imagine what he would come to when he reached the bottom2 it would be some sort of a cave1 he thought1 in which his shell had made an opening4 ,he began to imagine what sort of a cave it would be1 and how high the roof was from the floor4 ,clewe then suddenly wondered whether his gardener had remembered what he had told him about the flower-beds in front of the house2 he wished certain changes made which ,margaret had suggested4 ,he tried to keep his mind on the flower-beds1 but it drifted away to the cave below4 ,he thought of the danger of coming into some underground body of water1 where he would be drowned2 but he knew that was a silly idea4 ,if the shell had gone through vsubterranean reservoirs1 the water of these would have run out1 and before it reached the bottom of the shaft would have dissipated into mist4 ,down1 down he went4 ,he looked at his watch2 he had been in that car only an hour and a half4 ,was that possible8 ,he had supposed he was almost at the bottom4 ,suddenly his mind reverted to the people above and the telephone4 ,why had not some of them spoken to him8 ,it was shameful6 ,he instantly called ,bryce1 and his heart leaped with joy when he heard the familiar voice in his ear4 ,now he talked steadily on for more than an hour4 ,he had his gardener summoned1 and told the man all that he wanted done in the flower-beds4 ,he gave many directions in regard to the various operations at the works4 ,there were two or three inventions in which he took particular interest1 and of these he talked at great length with ,bryce4 ,suddenly1 in the midst of some talk about hollow steel rods1 he told ,bryce to let the engines run faster2 there was no reason why the car should go so slowly4 ,the windlasses moved with a little more rapidity1 and ,clewe now turned and looked at an indicator which was placed on the side of the car1 a little over his head4 ,this instrument showed the depth to which he had descended1 but he had not looked at it before1 for if anything would make him nervous1 it would be the continual consideration of the depth to which he had descended4 ,the indicator showed that he had gone down fourteen and one-eighth miles4 ,clewe turned and sat stiffly in his seat4 ,he glanced down and saw beneath him only an illuminated hole1 fading away at the bottom4 ,then he turned to speak to ,bryce1 but to his surprise1 he could think of nothing to say4 ,after that he lighted another cigar and sat quietly4 ,some minutes passed--he did not know how many--and he looked down through the gratings in the floor of the car4 ,the electric light streamed downward through a deep vcrevice1 which did not now fade away into nothingness1 but ended in something dark and glittering4 ,then1 as he came nearer and nearer to this glittering thing1 ,clewe saw that it was his automatic shell1 lying on its side2 only a part of it was visible through the opening of the shaft which he was descending4 ,in an instant1 as it seemed to him1 the car emerged from the shaft1 and he seemed to be hanging in the air--at least there was nothing he could see except that great shell1 lying some forty feet below him4 ,but it was impossible that the shell should be lying on the air6 ,he rang to stop the car4 ,anything the matter8 cried ,bryce4 ,nothing at all1 ,clewe replied4 ,it's all right2 ,i am near the bottom4 ,in a state of the highest nervous excitement1 ,clewe gazed about him4 ,he was no longer in a shaft2 but where was he8 ,look around on what side he would1 he saw nothing but the light going out from his lamps1 light which seemed to extend indefinitely all about him4 ,there appeared to be no limit to his vision in any direction4 ,then he leaned over the side of his car and looked downward4 ,there lay the great shell directly under him1 although under it and around it1 extending as far beneath it as it extended in every other direction1 shone the light from his own lamp4 ,nevertheless1 that great shell1 weighing many tons1 lay as if it rested upon the solid ground6 ,after a few moments1 ,clewe shut his eyes2 they pained him4 ,something seemed to be coming into them like a fine frost in a winter wind4 ,then he called to ,bryce to let the car descend very slowly4 ,it went down1 down1 gradually approaching the great shell4 ,when the bottom of the car was within two feet of it1 ,clewe rang to stop4 ,he looked down at the complicated machine he had worked upon so long1 with something like a feeling of affection4 ,this he knew2 it was his own4 ,gazing upon its familiar form1 he felt that he had a companion in this region of unreality4 ,pushing back the sliding door of the car1 ,clewe sat upon the bottom and cautiously put out his feet and legs1 lowering them until they touched the shell4 ,it was firm and solid4 ,although he knew it must be so1 the immovability of the great mass of iron gave him a sudden shock of mysterious fear4 ,how could it be immovable when there was nothing under it--when it rested on air8 ,but he must get out of that car1 he must explore1 he must find out4 ,there certainly could be no danger so long as he clung to the shell4 ,he cautiously got out of the car and let himself down upon the shell4 ,it was not a pleasant surface to stand on1 being uneven1 with great spiral ribs1 and ,clewe sat down upon it1 clinging to it with his hands4 ,presently he leaned over to one side and looked beneath him4 ,the shadows of that shell went down1 down1 down into space1 until it made him sick to look at them4 ,he drew back quickly1 clutched the shell with his arms1 and shut his eyes4 ,he felt as if he were about to drop with it into a measureless depth of atmosphere4 ,illustration3 ,he ,put ,out ,one ,foot ,but he soon raised himself4 ,he had not come down there to be frightened1 to let his nerves run away with him4 ,he had come to find out things4 ,what was it that this shell rested upon8 ,seizing two of the ribs with a strong clutch1 he let himself hang over the sides of the shell until his feet were level with its lower side4 ,they touched something hard4 ,he pressed them downward2 it was very hard4 ,he raised himself and stood upon the substance which supported the shell4 ,it was as solid as any rock4 ,he looked down and saw his shadow stretching far beneath him4 ,it seemed as if he were standing upon vpetrified air4 ,he put out one foot and moved a little1 still holding on to the shell4 ,he walked1 as if upon solid air1 to the foremost end of the long vprojectile4 ,it relieved him to turn his thoughts from what was around him to this familiar object4 ,he found its conical end shattered4 ,after a little he slowly made his way back to the other end of the shell1 and now his eyes became somewhat accustomed to the great radiance about him4 ,he thought he could perceive here and there faint signs of long1 nearly horizontal lines--lines of different shades of light4 ,above him1 as if it hung in the air1 was the round1 dark hole through which he had descended4 ,he rose1 took his hands from the shell1 and made a few steps4 ,he trod upon a horizontal surface1 but in putting one foot forward1 he felt a slight incline4 ,it seemed to him1 that he was about to slip downward6 ,instantly he retreated to the shell and clutched it in a sudden frenzy of fear4 ,standing thus1 with his eyes still wandering1 he heard the bell of the telephone ring4 ,without hesitation he mounted the shell and got into the car4 ,bryce was calling him4 ,come up1 he said4 ,you have been down there long enough4 ,no matter what you have found1 it is time for you to come up4 ,all right1 said ,roland4 ,you can haul me up1 but go very slowly at first4 ,the car rose4 ,when it reached the orifice in the top of the cave of light1 ,clewe heard the conical steel top grate slightly as it touched the edge1 for the car was still swinging a little from the motion given to it by his entrance2 but it soon hung perfectly vertical and went silently up the shaft4 ,seated in the car1 which was steadily ascending the great shaft1 ,roland ,clewe took no notice of anything about him4 ,he did not look at the brilliantly lighted interior of the shaft2 he paid no attention to his instruments2 he did not consult his watch1 or glance at the dial which indicated the distance he had traveled4 ,several times the telephone bell rang1 and ,bryce inquired how he was getting along2 but these questions he answered as briefly as possible1 and sat looking down at his knees and seeing nothing4 ,when he was half-way up1 he suddenly became conscious that he was very hungry4 ,he hurriedly ate some sandwiches and drank some water1 and again gave himself up entirely to mental labor4 ,when1 at last1 the noise of machinery above him and the sound of voices aroused him from his abstraction1 and the car emerged upon the surface of the earth1 ,clewe hastily slid back the door and stepped out4 ,at that instant he felt himself encircled by a pair of arms4 ,bryce was near by1 and there were other men by the engines1 but the owner of those arms thought nothing of this4 ,margaret6 cried ,clewe1 how came you here8 ,i have been here all the time1 she exclaimed2 or1 at least1 nearly all the time4 ,and as she spoke she drew back and looked at him1 her eyes full of happy tears4 ,mr4 ,bryce telegraphed to me the instant he knew you were going down1 and ,i was here before you had descended half-way4 ,what6 he cried4 ,and all those messages came from you8 ,nearly all1 she answered4 ,but tell me1 ,roland--tell me2 have you been successful8 ,i am successful1 he answered4 ,i have discovered everything6 ,bryce came forward4 ,i will speak to you all very soon1 said ,clewe4 ,i can't tell you anything now4 ,margaret1 let us go4 ,i wish to talk to you1 but not until ,i have been to my office4 ,i will meet you at your house in a very few minutes4 ,and with that he left the building and fairly ran to his office4 ,a quarter of an hour later ,roland entered ,margaret's library1 where she sat awaiting him4 ,he carefully closed the doors and windows4 ,they sat side by side upon the sofa4 ,now1 ,roland1 she said1 ,i cannot wait one second longer4 ,what is it that you have discovered8 ,when ,i arrived at the bottom of the shaft1 he began1 ,i found myself in a cleft1 ,i know not how large1 made in a vast mass of transparent substance1 hard as the hardest rock and as transparent as air in the light of my electric lamps4 ,my shell rested securely upon this substance4 ,i walked upon it4 ,it seemed as if ,i could see miles below me4 ,in my opinion1 ,margaret1 that substance was once the head of a comet4 ,what is the substance8 she asked1 hastily4 ,it is a mass of solid diamond6 ,margaret screamed4 ,she could not say one word4 ,yes1 said he1 ,i believe the whole central portion of the earth is one great diamond4 ,when it was moving about in its orbit as a comet1 the light of the sun streamed through this diamond and spread an enormous tail out into space2 after a time this vnucleus began to burn4 ,burn6 exclaimed ,margaret4 ,yes1 the diamond is almost pure vcarbon2 why should it not burn8 ,it burned and burned and burned4 ,ashes formed upon it and encircled it2 it still burned1 and when it was entirely covered with ashes it ceased to be transparent and ceased to be a comet2 it became a planet1 and revolved in a different orbit4 ,it still burned within its covering of ashes1 and these gradually changed to rock1 to metal1 to everything that forms the crust of the earth4 ,she gazed upon him1 entranced4 ,some parts of this great central mass of carbon burn more fiercely than other parts4 ,some parts do not burn at all4 ,in volcanic regions the fires rage2 where my great shell went down it no longer burns4 ,now you have my theory4 ,it is crude and rough1 for ,i have tried to give it to you in as few words as possible4 ,oh1 ,roland1 she cried1 it is absurd6 ,diamond6 ,why1 people will think you are crazy4 ,you must not say such a thing as that to anybody4 ,it is simply impossible that the greater part of this earth should be an enormous diamond4 ,margaret1 he answered1 nothing is impossible4 ,the central portion of this earth is composed of something2 it might just as well be diamond as anything else4 ,in fact1 if you consider the matter1 it is more likely to be1 because diamond is a very original substance4 ,as ,i have said1 it is almost pure carbon4 ,i do not intend to repeat a word of what ,i have told you to any one--at least until the matter has been well considered--but ,i am not afraid of being thought crazy4 ,margaret1 will you look at these8 ,he took from his pocket some shining substances resembling glass4 ,some of them were flat1 some round2 the largest was as big as a lemon2 others were smaller fragments of various sizes4 ,these are pieces of the great diamond which were broken when the shell struck the bottom of the cave in which ,i found it4 ,i picked them up as ,i felt my way around this shell1 when walking upon what seemed to me solid air4 ,i thrust them into my pocket1 and ,i would not come to you1 ,margaret1 with this story1 until ,i had visited my office to find out what these fragments are4 ,i tested them2 their substance is diamond6 ,half-dazed1 she took the largest piece in her hand4 ,roland1 she whispered1 if this is really a diamond1 there is nothing like it known to man6 ,nothing1 indeed1 said he4 ,she sat staring at the great piece of glowing mineral which lay in her hand4 ,its surface was irregular2 it had many faces2 the subdued light from the window gave it the appearance of animated water4 ,he felt it necessary to speak4 ,even these little pieces1 he said1 are most valuable jewels4 ,roland1 she suddenly cried1 excitedly1 these are riches beyond imagination6 ,what is common wealth to what you have discovered8 ,every living being on earth could-- ,ah1 ,margaret1 he interrupted1 do not let your thoughts run that way4 ,if my discovery should be put to the use of which you are thinking1 it would bring poverty to the world1 not wealth1 and every diamond on earth would be worthless4 ,she trembled4 ,and these--are they to be valued as common pebbles8 ,oh no1 said he2 these broken fragments ,i have found are to us riches far beyond our wildest imagination4 ,roland1 she cried1 are you going down into that shaft for more of them8 ,never1 never1 never again1 he answered4 ,what we have here is enough for us1 and if ,i were offered all the good that there is in this world1 which money cannot buy1 ,i would never go down into that cleft again4 ,there was one moment1 as ,i stood in that cave1 when an awful terror shot into my soul that ,i shall never be able to forget4 ,in the light of my electric lamps1 sent through a vast transparent mass1 ,i could see nothing1 but ,i could feel4 ,i put out my foot1 and ,i found it was upon a sloping surface4 ,in another instant ,i might have slid--where8 ,i cannot bear to think of it6 ,,frank ,e4 ,,stockton4 ,,helps ,,to ,,study ,what happened to ,clewe's automatic shell8 ,what did he decide to do8 ,tell of the preparations he made for his descent4 ,what occurred when he reached the end of the shaft8 ,of what was ,clewe thinking so intently while making his ascent8 ,why did he go at once to his office8 ,what conclusion did he reach as to the central part of the earth8 ,what did he have to prove the correctness of his theory8 ,why was he unwilling ever to make the descent again8 ,this story was written about the end of the nineteenth century3 what great scientific discoveries have been made since then8 ,,supplementary ,,reading ,a ,journey to the ,center of the ,earth--,jules ,verne4 ,the ,adventures of ,captain ,horn--,frank ,r4 ,stockton4 ,,footnote3 #cia-99 ,copyright by ,harper ,brothers4 ,a ,,stop ,,at ,,suzanne',s ,the author of this sketch1 a young ,american aviator1 a resident of ,richmond1 ,virginia1 was killed in battle in ,august1 #aiah4 ,suzanne is a very pretty girl1 ,i was told1 but the charm of ,suzanne's wasn't with her alone1 for1 always1 one spoke of the deliciously-tasting meal1 how nice the old madame is1 and how fine a chap is her mari1 the father of ,suzanne4 ,then of the garden in the back--and before you had finished listening you didn't know which was the most important thing about ,suzanne's4 ,all you knew was that it was the place to go when on an aeroplane voyage4 ,at the pilotage office ,i found five others ahead of me2 all of us were bound in the same direction4 ,we were given vbarographs1 altimeters and maps and full directions as to forced landings and what to do when lost4 ,we hung around the voyage hangar until about eight in the morning1 but there was a low mist and cloudy sky1 so we could not start out until afternoon2 and ,i didn't have luncheon at ,suzanne's4 ,after noon several of the others started out1 but ,i wanted to plan my supper stop for the second point1 so ,i waited until about four o'clock before starting4 ,almost before ,i knew it a village1 which on the map was twelve kilometers away1 was slipping by beneath me and then off to one side was a forest1 green and cool-looking and very regular around the edges4 ,pretty soon ,i came to a deep blue streak bordered by trees1 and was so interested in it--it wound around under a railroad track1 came up and brushed by lots of back gates and1 finally1 fell in a wide splash of silver over a little fall by a mill--that ,i forgot all about flying and suddenly woke up to the fact that one wing was about as low as it could get and that the nose of the machine was doing its best to follow the wing4 ,long before ,i came to the stopping point1 ,i could see the little white hangar4 ,the field is not large1 but it is strange1 so you come down rather anxiously1 for if you can't make that field the first time1 you never will be able to fly1 they tell you before leaving4 ,i glided down easily enough1 for1 after all1 it is just that--either you can or you can't--and made a good-enough landing4 ,the sergeant signed my paper1 and a few minutes later away ,i went for ,suzanne's4 ,the next stop is near a little village--,suzanne's village--so when ,i came to the field and landed ,i was sure to be too tired to go up again immediately4 ,instead1 off ,i went to town after making things right with the man in charge4 ,that wasn't a bit difficult1 either1 for all ,i did was to wink as hard as ,i could1 and he understood perfectly4 ,i knew where ,suzanne's was1 so ,i made directly for it4 ,it was a little early1 but you should never miss the vapertif4 ,with that first1 success is assured2 without it1 it is like getting out of bed on the wrong foot4 ,up ,i marched to the unimposing door and walked in to the main room--a big room1 with long1 wooden tables and benches and a zinc bar at one end1 where all kinds of bottles rested4 ,it isn't called ,suzanne's1 of course2 it only has that name among us4 ,as ,i closed the door behind me and looked about1 a bonne was serving several men at a corner table1 and behind the bar a big1 red-faced1 stout man was pouring stuff into bottles4 ,he looked at me a moment and then with a tremendous ,tiens6 he came out from behind the tables and advanced toward me4 ,bon jour1 he said2 do you come from far8 ,oh1 no1 ,i answered1 only from ----4 ,tiens6 he repeated2 then1 ,ah1 you are from the school4 ,l'ecole1 he called it4 ,from l'ecole1 ,i admitted1 and1 taking me by the arm1 he led me to a door at the rear4 ,through this he propelled me1 and then in his huge voice he called ,suzanne1 un vpilote6 and ,i was introduced4 ,as he shut the door1 ,i could just see the corner table with the three old men staring open-mouthed1 the wine before them forgotten1 the bread and cheese in their hands untasted2 then1 down the stairs came light steps and a rustle of skirts1 and ,suzanne was before me with smiling face and outstretched hand4 ,her instant welcome1 the genuine smile6 ,almost immediately1 ,i understood the fame of this little station1 so far from everything but the air route4 ,her charm is indescribable4 ,she is pretty1 she is well dressed1 but it isn't that4 ,it is a sincerity of manner1 complete hospitality2 at once you are accepted as a bosom friend of the family--that is the charm of ,suzanne's4 ,after a few questions as to where ,i came from1 how long ,i had been there1 and where ,i was going1 ,suzanne led me upstairs to be presented to v,ma belle mere1 a white-haired old lady sitting in a big1 straight-backed chair4 ,then1 after more courtesies had been extended to me1 ,suzanne preceded me down to the garden and left me alone while she went in to see that the supper was exceptionally good4 ,a soft footstep on the gravel walk sounded behind me1 and ,i turned to see one of the most beautiful women ,i ever beheld4 ,she was tall and slender1 and as she came gracefully across the lawn she swung a little work bag from one arm4 ,all in black she was1 with a lace shawl over her bare head4 ,like every one in that most charming and hospitable house1 there was no formality or show about her4 ,she came1 smiling1 and sat on the bench beside me1 drawing open her work bag4 ,i could not help noticing1 particularly1 her beautiful eyes1 for they told the story1 a story too common here1 except that her eyes had changed now to an expression of resigned peace4 ,then she told me about ,suzanne4 ,long before1 ages and ages ago it seemed1 but really only four years1 a huge1 ungainly bird fell crashing to earth and from the wreck a man was taken1 unconscious4 ,he was carried to ,suzanne's1 and she nursed him and cared for him until he was well again4 ,suzanne was very happy then1 madame told me4 ,and no wonder1 for the daring aviator and ,suzanne were in love4 ,she nursed him back to health1 but when he went away he left his heart forever with her4 ,they were engaged1 and every little while he would fly over from his station to see ,suzanne4 ,those were in the early days and aviation--well1 even at that1 it hasn't changed so much4 ,one day a letter came for ,suzanne1 and with a catch at her throbbing heart she read that her fiance had been killed4 v,mort pour la patrie1 it said1 and ,suzanne was never the same afterward4 ,for many months the poor girl grieved1 but1 finally1 she began to realize that what had happened to her had happened to thousands of other girls1 too1 and1 gradually1 she took up the attitude that you find throughout this glorious country4 ,only her eyes now tell the sad story4 ,one evening two men walked into the cafe and from their talk ,suzanne knew they were from l'ecole4 ,she sat down and listened to them4 ,they talked about the war1 about aviation1 about deeds of heroism1 and ,suzanne drank in every word1 for they were talking the language of her dead lover4 ,the two aviators stayed to dinner1 but the big room was not good enough4 ,they must come back to the family dinner--to the intimacy of the back room4 ,they stayed all night and left early next morning1 but before they left they wrote their names in a big book4 ,to-day1 ,suzanne has the book1 filled full of names1 many now famous1 many names that are only a memory--that is how it started4 ,when the two pilots went back to l'ecole1 they spoke in glowing terms of ,suzanne's1 of the soft beds1 of the delicious dinner1 and1 ,i think1 mostly of ,suzanne4 ,visitors came after that to eat at ,suzanne's1 and to see her famous book4 ,they came regularly and1 finally1 ,suzanne's became an institution4 ,always1 a pilote was taken into the back room2 he ate with the family1 he told them all the news from l'ecole1 and1 in exchange1 he heard stories about the early days1 stories that will never be printed1 but which embody examples of the heroism and intelligence that have done their part to develop aviation4 ,soon1 we went in to dinner1 and such a dinner6 ,truly1 nothing is too good for an aviator at ,suzanne's1 and they give of their best to these wandering strangers4 ,they do not ask your name1 they call every one ,monsieur1 but before you leave you sign the book and they all crowd around to look1 without saying anything4 ,your name means nothing yet1 but a year from now1 perhaps1 who can tell8 ,in the first pages are names that have been bywords for years and some that are famous the world over4 ,after dinner1 ,suzanne slipped away1 presently to reappear with a special bottle and glasses4 ,i felt sure this was part of the entertainment afforded all their winged visitors1 for they went about it in a practised manner2 each was familiar with his or her part1 but to me it was all delightfully new4 ,our glasses were filled1 and ,suzanne raised hers up first4 ,without a word1 she looked around the circle4 ,her eyes met them all1 then rested with madame4 ,she had not said a word2 it was papa who proposed my health1 and as the bottoms went up1 ,suzanne and madame both had a struggle to repress a tear4 ,they were drinking my health1 but their thoughts were far away1 and in my heart ,i was wishing that happiness might again come to them4 ,suzanne certainly deserves it4 ,when ,i returned to school1 they asked1 ,did you stop at ',suzanne's'8 ,and now to the others1 just ready to make the voyage1 ,i always say1 ,be sure to stop at ',suzanne's'4 ,,greayer ,,clover4 ,,the ,,making ,,of ,a ,,man ,i ,marmaduke1 otherwise ,doggie1 ,trevor owned a pleasant home set on fifteen acres of ground4 ,he had an income of three thousand pounds a year4 ,old ,peddle1 the butler1 and his wife1 the housekeeper1 saved him from domestic cares4 ,he led a well-regulated life4 ,his meals1 his toilet1 his music1 his wall-papers1 his drawing and embroidery1 his sweet peas1 his chrysanthemums1 his postage stamps1 and his social engagements filled the hours not claimed by slumber4 ,in the town of ,durdlebury1 ,doggie ,trevor began to feel appreciated4 ,he could play the piano1 the harp1 the viola1 the flute1 and the clarionette1 and sing a mild tenor4 ,besides music1 ,doggie had other accomplishments4 ,he could choose the exact shade of silk for a drawing-room sofa cushion1 and he had an excellent gift for the selection of wedding-presents4 ,all in all1 ,marmaduke ,trevor was a young gentleman of exquisite taste4 ,after breakfast on a certain ,july morning1 ,doggie1 attired in a green shot-silk dressing-gown1 entered his own particular room and sat down to think4 ,in its way it was a very beautiful room--high1 spacious1 well-proportioned1 facing southeast4 ,the wall-paper1 which ,doggie had designed himself1 was ivory white1 with trimmings of peacock blue4 v,vellum-bound books filled the cases2 delicate water-colors adorned the walls4 ,on his writing-table lay an ivory set3 inkstand1 pen-tray1 blotter1 and calendar4 ,bits of old embroidery1 harmonizing with the peacock shades1 were spread here and there4 ,a spinet inlaid with ivory formed the center for the arrangement of other musical instruments--a viol1 mandolins1 and flutes4 ,one tall1 closed cabinet was devoted to ,doggie's collection of wall-papers4 ,another held a collection of little dogs in china and porcelain--thousands of them2 he got them from dealers from all over the world4 ,an unwonted frown creased ,doggie's brow1 for several problems disturbed him4 ,the morning sun disclosed1 beyond doubt1 discolorations1 stains1 and streaks on the wall-paper4 ,it would have to be renewed4 ,then1 his thoughts ran on to his cousin1 ,oliver ,manningtree1 who had just returned from the ,south ,sea4 ,it was ,oliver1 the strong and masculine1 who had given him the name of ,doggie years before1 to his infinite disgust4 ,and now every one in ,durdlebury seemed to have gone crazy over the fellow4 ,doggie's uncle and aunt had hung on his lips while ,oliver had boasted unblushingly of his adventures4 ,even the fair cousin ,peggy1 with whom ,doggie was mildly in love1 had listened open-eyed and open-mouthed to ,oliver's tales of shipwreck in distant seas4 ,doggie had reached this point in his reflections when1 to his horror1 he heard a familiar voice outside the door4 ,all right1 it said4 ,don't worry1 ,peddle4 ,i'll show myself in4 ,the door burst open1 and ,oliver1 pipe in mouth and hat on one side1 came into the room4 ,hello1 ,doggie6 he cried boisterously4 ,thought ,i'd look you up4 ,hope ,i'm not disturbing you4 ,not at all1 said ,doggie4 ,do sit down4 ,but ,oliver walked about and looked at things4 ,i like your water colors1 he said4 ,did you collect them yourself6 ,yes4 ,i congratulate you on your taste4 ,this is a beauty4 ,the appreciation brought ,doggie at once to his side4 ,he took ,oliver delightedly around the pictures1 expounding their merits and their little histories4 ,doggie was just beginning to like the big fellow1 when1 stopping before the collection of china dogs1 the latter spoiled everything4 ,my dear ,doggie1 he said1 is that your family8 ,it's the finest collection of the kind in the world1 replied ,doggie stiffly1 and is worth several thousand pounds4 ,oliver heaved himself into a chair--that was ,doggie's impression of his method of sitting down4 ,forgive me1 ,doggie1 he said1 but you're so funny4 ,pictures and music ,i can understand4 ,but what on earth is the point of these little dogs8 ,doggie was hurt4 ,it would be useless to try to explain1 he said1 with dignity4 ,and my name is ,marmaduke4 ,oliver took off his hat and sent it skimming to the couch4 ,look here1 old chap1 he said1 ,i seem to have put my foot in it4 ,i didn't mean to1 really4 ,i'll call you ,marmaduke1 if you like1 instead of ,doggie--though it's a beast of a name4 ,i'm a rough sort of chap4 ,i've had ten years' pretty tough training4 ,i've slept on boards2 ,i've slept in the open without a cent to hire a board4 ,i've gone cold and ,i've gone hungry1 and men have knocked me about1 and ,i've lost most of my politeness4 ,in the wilds if a man once gets the name1 say1 of ,duck-,eyed ,joe1 it sticks to him1 and he accepts it1 and answers to it1 and signs it4 ,but ,i'm not in the wilds1 objected ,marmaduke1 and haven't the slightest intention of ever leading the unnatural and frightful life you describe4 ,so what you say doesn't apply to me4 ,oliver1 laughing1 clapped him on the shoulder4 ,you don't give a fellow a chance1 he said4 ,look here1 tell me1 as man to man1 what are you going to do with your life8 ,here you are1 young1 strong1 educated1 intelligent-- ,i'm not strong1 said ,doggie4 ,a month's exercise would make you as strong as a mule1 returned ,oliver4 ,here you are--what are you going to do with yourself8 ,i don't admit that you have any right to question me1 said ,doggie4 ,peggy and ,i had a talk1 declared ,oliver4 ,i said ,i'd take you out with me to the ,islands and give you a taste for fresh air and salt water and exercise4 ,i'll teach you how to sail a schooner and how to go about barefoot and swab decks4 ,doggie smiled pityingly1 but said politely1 ,your offer is kind1 ,oliver1 but ,i don't think that sort of life would suit me4 ,being a man of intelligence1 he realized that ,oliver's offer arose from a genuine desire to do him service4 ,but if a friendly bull out of the fulness of its affection invited you to accompany it to the meadow and eat grass1 what could you do but courteously decline the invitation8 ,i'm really most obliged to you1 ,oliver1 said ,doggie1 finally4 ,but our ideas are entirely different4 ,you're primitive1 you know4 ,you seem to find your happiness in defying the elements1 whereas ,i find mine in adopting the resources of civilization to defeat them4 ,which means1 said ,oliver1 rudely1 that you're afraid to roughen your hands and spoil your complexion4 ,if you like to put it that way4 ,you're an veffeminate little creature6 cried ,oliver1 losing his temper4 ,and ,i'm through with you4 ,go sit up and beg for biscuits4 ,stop6 shouted ,doggie1 white with sudden anger1 which shook him from head to foot4 ,he marched to the door1 his green silk dressing-gown flapping about him1 and threw it wide open4 ,this is my house1 he said4 ,i'm sorry to have to ask you to get out of it4 ,and when the door was shut on ,oliver1 he threw himself1 shaken1 on the couch1 hating ,oliver and all his works more than ever4 ,go about barefoot and swab decks6 ,it was madness4 ,besides being dangerous to health1 it would be excruciating discomfort4 ,and to be insulted for not grasping at such martyrdom6 ,it was intolerable2 and ,doggie remained justly indignant the whole day long4 ,,ii ,then the war came4 ,doggie ,trevor was both patriotic and polite4 ,having a fragment of the ,british army in his house1 he did his best to make it comfortable4 ,by ,january he had no doubt that the empire was in peril1 that it was every man's duty to do his bit4 ,he welcomed the newcomers with open arms1 having unconsciously abandoned his attitude of superiority over mere brawn4 ,it was every patriotic ,englishman's duty to encourage brawn4 ,he threw himself heart and soul into the entertainment of officers and men4 ,they thought ,doggie a capital fellow4 ,my dear chap1 one would protest1 you're spoiling us4 ,i don't say we don't like it and aren't grateful4 ,we are4 ,but we're supposed to rough it--to lead the simple life4 ,you're treating us too well4 ,impossible6 ,doggie would reply4 ,don't ,i know what we owe you fellows8 ,in what other way can a helpless1 delicate being like myself show his gratitude and in some sort of way serve his country8 ,when the sympathetic guest would ask what was the nature of his malady1 ,doggie would tap his chest vaguely and reply3 ,constitutional4 ,i've never been able to do things like other fellows4 ,the least thing bowls me out4 ,hard lines--especially just now6 the soldier would murmur4 ,yes1 isn't it8 ,doggie would answer4 ,doggie never questioned his physical incapacity4 ,his mother had brought him up to look on himself as a singularly frail creature1 and the idea was as real to him as the war4 ,he went about pitying himself and seeking pity4 ,the months passed4 ,the soldiers moved away from ,durdlebury1 and ,doggie was left alone in his house4 ,he felt solitary and restless4 ,news came from ,oliver that he had accepted an infantry commission and was in ,france4 ,a month of this sort of thing1 he wrote1 would make our dear old ,doggie sit up4 ,doggie sighed4 ,if only he had been blessed with ,oliver's constitution6 ,one morning ,briggins1 his chauffeur1 announced that he could stick it out no longer and was going to enlist4 ,then ,doggie remembered a talk he had had with one of the young officers1 who had expressed astonishment at his not being able to drive a car4 ,i shouldn't have the nerve1 he had replied4 ,my nerves are all wrong--and ,i shouldn't have the strength to change tires and things4 ,but now ,doggie was confronted by the necessity of driving his own car1 for chauffeurs were no longer to be had4 ,to his amazement1 he found that he did not die of nervous collapse when a dog crossed the road in front of the automobile1 and that the fitting of detachable wheels did not require the strength of a ,hercules4 ,the first time he took ,peggy out driving1 he swelled with pride4 ,i'm so glad you can do something6 she said1 after a silence4 ,although the girl was as kind as ever1 ,doggie had noticed of late a curious reserve in her manner4 ,conversation did not flow easily4 ,she had fits of abstraction1 from which1 when rallied1 she roused herself with an effort4 ,finally1 one day1 ,peggy asked him blankly why he did not enlist4 ,doggie was horrified4 ,i'm not fit1 he said1 ,i've no constitution4 ,i'm an impossibility4 ,you thought you had nerves until you learned to drive the car1 she answered4 ,then you discovered that you hadn't4 ,you fancy you've a weak heart4 ,perhaps if you walked thirty miles a day1 you would discover that you hadn't that1 either4 ,and so with the rest of it4 ,he swung round toward her4 ,do you think ,i'm shamming so as to get out of serving in the army8 he demanded4 ,not consciously4 ,unconsciously1 ,i think you are4 ,what does your doctor say8 ,doggie was taken aback4 ,he had no doctor1 having no need for one4 ,he made confession of the surprising fact4 ,peggy smiled4 ,that proves it1 she said4 ,i don't believe you have anything wrong with you4 ,this is plain talking4 ,it's horrid1 ,i know1 but it's best to get through with it once and for all4 ,some men would have taken deep offense1 but ,doggie1 conscientious if ineffective1 was gnawed for the first time by a suspicion that ,peggy might possibly be right4 ,he desired to act honorably4 ,i'll do1 he said1 whatever you think proper4 ,good6 said ,peggy4 ,get ,doctor ,murdoch to overhaul you thoroughly with a view to the army4 ,if he passes you1 take a commission4 ,she put out her hand4 ,doggie took it firmly4 ,very well1 he said4 ,i agree4 ,you're flabby1 announced ,doctor ,murdoch1 the next morning1 to an anxious ,doggie1 after some minutes of thumping and listening1 but that's merely a matter of unused muscles4 ,physical training will set it right in no time4 ,otherwise1 my dear ,trevor1 you're in splendid health4 ,there's not a flaw in your whole constitution4 ,doggie crept out of bed1 put on a violet dressing-gown1 and wandered to his breakfast like a man in a nightmare4 ,but he could not eat4 ,he swallowed a cup of coffee and took refuge in his own room4 ,he was frightened--horribly frightened1 caught in a net from which there was no escape4 ,he had given his word to join the army if he should be passed by ,murdoch4 ,he had been more than passed6 ,now he would have to join2 he would have to fight4 ,he would have to live in a muddy trench1 sleep in mud1 eat in mud1 plow through mud4 ,doggie was shaken to his soul1 but he had given his word and he had no thought of going back on it4 ,the fateful little letter bestowing a commission on ,doggie arrived two weeks later2 he was a second lieutenant in a battalion of the new army4 ,a few days afterward he set off for the training-camp4 ,he wrote to ,peggy regularly4 ,the work was very hard1 he said1 and the hours were long4 ,sometimes he confessed himself too tired to write more than a few lines4 ,it was a very strange life--one he never dreamed could have existed4 ,there was the riding-school4 ,why hadn't he learned to ride as a boy8 ,peggy was filled with admiration for his courage4 ,she realized that he was suffering acutely in his new and rough environment1 but he made no complaint4 ,then there came a time when ,doggie's letters grew rarer and shorter4 ,at last they ceased altogether4 ,one evening an unstamped envelope addressed to ,peggy was put in the letter-box4 ,the envelope contained a copy of the ,gazette1 and a sentence was underlined and adorned with exclamation marks3 ,royal ,fusileers4 ,second ,lieutenant ,j4 ,m4 ,trevor resigned his commission4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it had been a terrible blow to ,doggie4 ,the colonel had dealt as gently as he could in the final interview with him4 ,he put his hand in a fatherly way on ,doggie's shoulder and bade him not take the thing too much to heart4 ,he--,doggie--had done his best1 but the simple fact was that he was not cut out for an officer4 ,these were merciless times1 and in matters of life and death there could be no weak links in the chain4 ,in ,doggie's case there was no personal discredit4 ,he had always conducted himself like a gentleman1 but he lacked the qualities necessary for the command of men4 ,he must send in his resignation4 ,doggie1 after leaving the camp1 took a room in a hotel and sat there most of the day1 the mere pulp of a man4 ,his one desire now was to escape from the eyes of his fellow-men4 ,he felt that he bore the marks of his disgrace1 obvious at a glance4 ,he had been turned out of the army as a hopeless incompetent2 he was worse than a slacker1 for the slacker might have latent qualities he was without4 ,presently the sight of his late brother-officers added the gnaw of envy to his heart-ache4 ,on the third day of his exile he moved into lodgings in ,woburn ,place4 ,here at least he could be quiet1 untroubled by heart-rending sights and sounds4 ,he spent most of his time in dull reading and dispirited walking4 ,his failure preyed on his mind4 ,he walked for miles every day1 though without enjoyment4 ,he wandered one evening in the dusk to ,waterloo ,bridge and gazed out over the parapet4 ,the river stretched below1 dark and peaceful4 ,as he looked down on the rippling water1 he presently became aware of a presence by his side4 ,turning his head1 he found a soldier1 an ordinary private1 also leaning over the parapet4 ,i thought ,i wasn't mistaken in ,mr4 ,marmaduke ,trevor1 said the soldier4 ,doggie started away1 on the point of flight1 dreading the possible insolence of one of the men of his late regiment4 ,but the voice of the speaker rang in his ears with a strange familiarity1 and the great fleshy nose1 the high cheekbones1 and the little gray eyes in the weather-beaten face suggested vaguely some one of the long ago4 ,his dawning recognition amused the soldier4 ,yes1 laddie1 it's your old ,phineas4 ,phineas ,mc,phail1 ,m4 ,a4--now private ,p4 ,mc,phail4 ,it was no other than ,doggie's tutor of his childhood days4 ,very glad to see you1 ,doggie murmured4 ,phineas1 gaunt and bony1 took his arm4 ,doggie's instinctive craving for companionship made ,phineas suddenly welcome4 ,let us have a talk1 he said4 ,come to my rooms4 ,there will be some dinner4 ,will ,i come8 ,will ,i have dinner8 ,laddie1 ,i will4 ,in the ,strand they hailed a taxi-cab and drove to ,doggie's place4 ,you mention your rooms1 said ,phineas4 ,are you residing permanently in ,london8 ,yes1 said ,doggie1 sadly4 ,i never expect to leave it4 ,a few minutes later they reached ,woburn ,place4 ,doggie showed ,phineas into the sitting-room4 ,the table was set for ,doggie's dinner4 ,phineas looked around him in surprise4 ,the tasteless furniture1 the dreadful pictures on the walls1 the coarse glass and the well-used plate on the table1 the crumpled napkin in a ring--all came as a shock to ,phineas1 who had expected to find ,marmaduke's rooms a reproduction of the fastidious prettiness of the peacock and ivory room in ,durdlebury4 ,laddie1 he said1 gravely1 you must excuse me if ,i take a liberty1 but ,i cannot fit you into this environment4 ,it cannot be that you have come down in the world8 ,to bed-rock1 replied ,doggie4 ,man1 ,i'm sorry1 said ,phineas4 ,i know what coming down feels like4 ,if ,i had money-- ,doggie broke in with a laugh4 ,pray don't distress yourself1 ,phineas4 ,it's not a question of money at all4 ,the last thing in the world ,i've had to think of has been money4 ,what is the trouble8 ,phineas demanded4 ,that's a long story1 answered ,doggie4 ,in the meantime ,i had better give some orders about dinner4 ,the dinner came in presently1 not particularly well served4 ,they sat down to it4 ,by the way1 remarked ,doggie1 you haven't told me why you became a soldier4 ,chance1 replied ,phineas4 ,i have been going down in the world for some time1 and no one seemed to want me except my country4 ,she clamored for me at every corner4 ,a recruiting sergeant in ,trafalgar ,square at last persuaded me to take the leap4 ,that's how ,i became ,private ,phineas ,mc,phail of the ,tenth ,wessex ,rangers1 at the compensation of one shilling and two pence per day4 ,do you like it8 asked ,doggie4 ,phineas rubbed the side of his nose thoughtfully4 ,in itself it is a vile life1 he made answer4 ,the hours are absurd1 the work is distasteful1 and the mode of living repulsive4 ,but it contents me4 ,the secret of happiness lies in adapting one's self to conditions4 ,i adapt myself wherever ,i happen to be4 ,and now1 may ,i1 without impertinent curiosity1 again ask what you meant when you said you had come down to bed-rock8 ,all of ,doggie's rage and shame flared up at the question4 ,i've been thrown out of the army6 he cried4 ,i'm here in hiding--hiding from my family and the decent folk ,i'm ashamed to meet6 ,tell me all about it1 laddie1 urged ,phineas1 gently4 ,then ,doggie broke down1 and with a gush of unminded tears found expression for his stony despair4 ,his story took a long time in the telling1 and ,phineas interjected a sympathetic ,ay1 ay1 from time to time4 ,and now1 cried ,doggie1 his young face distorted and reddened1 his sleek hair ruffled1 and his hands appealingly outstretched1 what am ,i going to do8 ,you've got to go back home1 said ,phineas4 ,you've got to whip up all the moral courage in you and go back to ,durdlebury4 ,i won't1 said ,doggie1 ,i can't4 ,i'd sooner die than go back there disgraced4 ,i'd sooner enlist as a private soldier4 ,enlist8 repeated ,phineas1 and he drew himself up straight and gaunt4 ,well1 why not8 ,enlist8 echoed ,doggie1 in a dull tone4 ,as a ,tommy8 ,as a ,tommy1 replied ,phineas4 ,enlist6 murmured ,doggie4 ,he thought of the alternatives--flight1 which was craven2 home1 which he could not bear4 ,doggie rose from his chair with a new light in his eyes4 ,he had come to the supreme moment of his life2 he had made his great resolution4 ,yes1 he would enlist as a private soldier in the ,british army4 ,,iii ,a year later ,doggie ,trevor returned to ,durdlebury4 ,he had been laid up in hospital with a wounded leg1 the result of fighting the ,german snipers in front of the first line trenches1 and he was now on his way back to ,france4 ,durdlebury had not changed in the interval2 it was ,marmaduke ,trevor that had changed4 ,he measured about ten inches more around the chest than the year before1 and his hands were red and calloused from hard work4 ,he was as straight as an ,indian now1 and in his rough khaki uniform of a ,british private he looked every bit a man--yes1 and more than that1 a veteran soldier4 ,for ,doggie had passed through battle after battle1 gas attacks1 mine explosions1 and months of dreary duty in water-filled trenches1 where only brave and tough men could endure4 ,he had been tried in the furnace and he had come out pure gold4 ,doggie entered the familiar ,deanery1 and was met by ,peggy with a glad smile of welcome4 ,his uncle1 the ,dean1 appeared in the hall1 florid1 whitehaired1 benevolent1 and extended both hands to the homecoming warrior4 ,my dear boy1 he said1 how glad ,i am to see you6 ,welcome back6 ,and how's the wound8 ,opening the drawing-room door1 he pushed ,doggie inside4 ,a tall1 lean figure in uniform1 which had remained in the background by the fireplace1 advanced with outstretched hand4 ,hello1 old chap6 ,doggie took the hand in an honest grip4 ,hello1 ,oliver6 ,how goes it8 asked ,oliver4 ,splendid1 said ,doggie4 ,are you all right8 ,tip-top1 answered ,oliver4 ,he clapped his cousin on the shoulder4 ,my hat6 you do look fit4 ,he turned to the ,dean4 ,uncle ,edward1 isn't he a hundred times the man he was8 ,in a little while tea came4 ,it appeared to ,doggie1 handing round the three-tiered cake-stand1 that he had returned to some forgotten existence4 ,the delicate china cup in his hand seemed too frail for the material usages of life1 and he feared lest he break it1 for ,doggie was accustomed to the rough dishes of the private4 ,the talk lay chiefly between ,oliver and himself and ran on the war4 ,both men had been at ,ypres and at ,arras1 where the ,british and ,german trenches lay only five yards apart4 ,i ought to be over there now1 said ,oliver1 but ,i just escaped shell-shock and ,i was sent home for two weeks4 ,my crowd is at the ,somme1 said ,doggie4 ,you're well out of it1 old chap1 laughed ,oliver4 ,for the first time in his life ,doggie began really to like ,oliver4 ,oliver stood in his eyes in a new light1 that of the typical officer1 trusted and beloved by his men1 and ,doggie's heart went out to him4 ,after some further talk1 the men separated to dress for dinner4 ,you've got the green room1 ,marmaduke1 said ,peggy4 ,the one with the ,chippendale furniture you used to covet so much4 ,i haven't got much to change into1 laughed ,doggie1 looking down at his uniform4 ,you'll find ,peddle up there waiting for you4 ,when ,doggie entered the green room1 he found ,peddle1 who welcomed him with tears of joy and a display of all the luxuries of the toilet and adornment which ,doggie had left behind at home4 ,there were pots of vpomade and face cream1 and nail polish2 bottles of hair-wash and tooth-wash2 half a dozen gleaming razors2 the array of brushes and combs and vmanicure set in vtortoise-shell with his crest in silver2 bottles of scent2 the purple silk dressing-gown2 a soft-fronted shirt fitted with ruby and diamond sleeve-links2 the dinner jacket and suit laid out on the glass-topped table1 with tie and handkerchief2 the silk socks1 the glossy pumps4 ,my1 ,peddle6 cried ,doggie1 scratching his closely-cropped head4 ,what's all this8 ,peddle1 gray1 bent1 uncomprehending1 regarded him blankly4 ,all what1 sir8 ,i only want to wash my hands1 said ,doggie4 ,but aren't you going to dress for dinner1 sir8 ,a private soldier's not allowed to wear vmufti1 returned ,doggie4 ,who's to find out8 ,there's ,mr4 ,oliver2 he's a major4 ,ah1 ,mr4 ,marmaduke1 he wouldn't mind4 ,miss ,peggy gave me my orders1 sir1 and ,i think you can leave things to her4 ,all right1 ,peddle1 laughed ,doggie4 ,if it's ,miss ,peggy's decree1 ,i'll change my clothes4 ,i have all ,i want4 ,are you sure you can manage1 sir8 ,peddle asked anxiously1 for the time was when ,doggie could not stick his legs into his trousers unless ,peddle helped him4 ,quite1 said ,doggie4 ,it seems rather roughing it1 here at the ,deanery1 ,mr4 ,marmaduke1 after what you've been accustomed to at the ,hall1 said ,peddle4 ,that's so1 replied ,doggie4 ,and it's martyrdom compared to what it is in the trenches4 ,there we always have a major-general to lace our boots and a field-marshall to hand us coffee4 ,peddle looked blank1 being utterly unable to comprehend the nature of a joke4 ,a little later1 when ,doggie went downstairs to dinner1 he found ,peggy alone in the drawing-room4 ,now you look more like a ,christian gentleman1 she said4 ,confess3 it's much more comfortable than your wretched private's uniform4 ,i'm not quite so sure1 he replied1 somewhat ruefully1 indicating his dinner jacket1 which was tightly constricted beneath the arms4 ,already ,i've had to slit my waistcoat down the back4 ,poor old ,peddle will have a fit when he sees it4 ,i've grown a bit since these elegant rags were made for me4 ,oliver came in--in khaki4 ,doggie jumped up and pointed to him4 ,look here1 ,peggy1 he said2 ,i'll be sent to the guard-room4 ,oliver laughed4 ,i did change my uniform1 he said4 ,i don't know where my dinner clothes are4 ,that's the best thing about being a major1 spoke up ,doggie4 ,they have heaps of suits4 ,poor ,tommy has but one suit to his name4 ,then the ,dean and his wife entered1 and they went in to dinner4 ,it was for ,doggie the most pleasant of meals4 ,he had the superbly healthy man's whole-hearted appreciation for unaccustomed good food4 ,there were other and finer pleasures--the table with its exquisite vnapery and china and glass and silver and flowers4 ,there was the delightful atmosphere of peace and gentle living4 ,and there was ,oliver--a new ,oliver4 ,most of all1 ,doggie appreciated ,oliver's comrade-like attitude4 ,it was a recognition of him as a soldier4 ,he had made good in the eyes of one of the finest soldiers in the ,british army1 and what else mattered8 ,to ,doggie the supreme joy of that pleasurable evening was the knowledge that he had done well in the eyes of ,oliver4 ,the latter wore on his tunic the white1 mauve1 and white ribbon of the ,military ,cross4 ,honor where honor was due4 ,but he--,doggie--had been wounded1 and ,oliver frankly put them both on the same plane of achievement1 thus wiping away with generous hand all the hated memories of the past4 ,when the ladies left the room the ,dean went with them1 and the cousins were left alone4 ,and now1 said ,oliver1 don't you think you're a bit of a fool1 ,doggie8 ,i know it1 ,doggie returned cheerfully4 ,the army has drummed that into me at any rate4 ,i mean in staying in the ranks1 ,oliver went on4 ,why don't you apply for the ,cadet ,corps and get a commission again8 ,doggie's brow grew dark4 ,i will tell you1 he replied4 ,the only real happiness ,i've had in my life has been as a ,tommy4 ,i'm not talking foolishness4 ,the only real friends ,i've ever made in my life are ,tommies4 ,i've a real life as a ,tommy1 and ,i'm satisfied4 ,when ,i came to my senses after being thrown out for incompetence and ,i enlisted1 ,i made a vow that ,i would stick it out as a ,tommy without anybody's sympathy1 least of all that of the people here4 ,and as a ,tommy ,i am a real soldier and do my part4 ,oliver smiled4 ,i'm glad you told me1 old man4 ,i appreciate it very much4 ,i've been through the ranks myself and know what it is--the bad and the good4 ,many a man has found his soul that way-- ,heavens6 cried ,doggie1 starting to his feet4 ,do you say that1 too8 ,the cousins clasped hands4 ,that was ,oliver's final recognition of ,doggie as a soldier and a man4 ,doggie had found his soul4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,locke4 ,,in ,,flanders ,,field ,in ,flanders fields1 the poppies blow ,between the crosses1 row on row1 ,that mark our places4 ,in the sky ,the larks1 still bravely singing1 fly1 ,scarce heard amid the guns below4 ,we are the dead4 ,short days ago ,we lived1 felt dawn1 saw sunset glow1 ,loved and were loved1 and now we lie ,in ,flanders fields4 ,take up our quarrel with the foe6 ,to you1 from failing hands1 we throw ,the torch4 ,be yours to lift it high6 ,if ye break faith with us who die1 ,we shall not sleep1 though poppies blow ,in ,flanders fields4 ,,john ,,mccrae4 ,,in ,,flanders ,,field 7,,an ,,answer7 ,in ,flanders fields1 the cannon boom ,and fitful flashes light the gloom1 ,while up above1 like eagles1 fly ,the fierce destroyers of the sky2 ,with stains the earth wherein you lie ,is redder than the poppy bloom1 ,in ,flanders fields4 ,sleep on1 ye brave4 ,the shrieking shell1 ,the quaking trench1 the startled yell1 ,the fury of the battle hell ,shall wake you not1 for all is well4 ,sleep peacefully1 for all is well4 ,your flaming torch aloft we bear1 ,with burning heart an oath we swear ,to keep the faith1 to fight it through1 ,to crush the foe or sleep with you ,in ,flanders fields4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,galbraith4 ,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,heroes ,because you passed1 and now are not1-- ,because in some remoter day ,your sacred dust from doubtful spot ,was blown of ancient airs away1-- ,because you perished1--must men say ,your deeds were naught1 and so profane ,your lives with that cold burden8 ,nay1 ,the deeds you wrought are not in vain6 ,though1 it may be above the plot ,that hid your once imperial clay1 ,no greener than o'er men forgot ,the unregarded grasses sway1-- ,though there no sweeter is the lay ,from careless bird1--though you remain ,without distinction of decay1-- ,the deeds you wrought are not in vain6 ,no4 ,for while yet in tower or cot ,your story stirs the pulse's play2 ,and men forget the sordid lot-- ,the sordid care1 of cities gray2-- ,while yet1 beset in homelier fray1 ,they learn from you the lesson plain ,that life may go1 so ,honor stay1-- ,the deeds you wrought are not in vain6 ,,envoy ,heroes of old6 ,i humbly lay ,the laurel on your graves again2 ,whatever men have done1 men may1-- ,the deeds you wrought are not in vain6 ,,austin ,,dobson4 ,,dictionary a byss'3 a deep gulf4 ac' me3 height4 ac ro bat' ics3 gymnastics2 athletic exercises4 ad' age3 saying2 proverb4 a e' ri al3 airy4 a lac' ri ty3 eagerness2 spryness4 al' der man3 here1 a ,saxon nobleman4 al' gae3 seaweeds4 al ter' na tive3 a second choice4 ,a' ma ti ki' ta3 an ,esquimau4 am' i ca bly ad just' ed3 arranged peacefully4 am' phi the a ter3 a circular building with tiers of seats arranged around an open space4 an' chor ite3 a hermit4 an' nals3 records4 aped3 imitated4 ap er tif' 7teef73 an appetizer4 ap' er ture3 opening4 ,ap' pa lach' ian3 a chain of mountains in the eastern ,united ,states4 ap pre hen' sions3 fears4 a quat' ic3 of the water4 ar cade'3 an arched gallery4 ar tic' u late3 in regular words4 at' mos phere3 air pressure at sea level used as a unit4 au ro' ra3 the ,northern ,lights1 the red glow in the sky in the ,far ,north4 aus ter' i ty3 soberness2 sternness4 av a ri' cious 7rish us73 greedy of gain4 ,bal lin droch' a ter3 a ,scotch village4 ban dit' ti3 outlaws2 bandits4 bar' bi can3 a tower over a gate or bridge4 bar' o graph3 an instrument for recording changes in the atmosphere4 ba rom' e ter3 an instrument that determines the weight of the air1 and thereby foretells changes in the weather4 ba rouche'3 a low1 open carriage4 bau' ble3 a wand carried by jesters4 ,beau seant 7bo sa on'73 ,well-seeming1 an ancient ,french war cry4 be nig' nant3 kind2 helpful4 big' gin3 a child's cap4 ,bois-,guil bert 7bwa guel bare'73 a knight of the ,order of the ,temple4 bo' nus3 an extra payment not included in wages4 brake3 a thicket4 bre' vi a ry3 a book containing a church service4 brown-bill3 a weapon consisting of a long staff with a hook-shaped blade at the top4 buf foon' er y3 jesting2 clownishness4 bun' sen pile3 an electric cell containing zinc covered with sulphuric acid at one end1 and carbon surrounded by nitric acid at the other4 buoyed 7booed73 kept up2 supported4 bur lesque' 7lesk73 humorous2 not serious4 byz' ant3 a large gold coin4 ca lum' ni a tor3 a slanderer4 car' bon3 one of the chemical elements2 charcoal is its best known form4 car' di nal3 a priest of high rank who wears a small red cap4 car' ri on3 decaying flesh4 car' tel3 a defiance2 a challenge4 casque 7cask73 helmet4 cas' sock3 a close-fitting garment resembling a modern coat4 catherine wheel3 a firework that turns around when lighted1 throwing off a circle of sparks4 ce ler' i ty3 quickness2 promptness4 cel' lar3 here1 a wine-cellar4 che val-glass 7she' val73 a large mirror swinging in a frame4 ,chil how' ee3 a high mountain in east ,tennessee4 chiv' al rous3 knightly2 warlike4 churls3 low1 rude persons4 circuit-rider3 a preacher who ministers to a number of churches4 cloth-yard3 a yard in length4 col' lo quy3 a discussion4 com punc' tion3 remorse2 repentance4 cone3 a body tapering to a point4 con' ning tower3 a raised part of a vessel giving an outlook on the sea4 con strained'3 restricted2 unfree4 con' va les' cence3 period of recovery4 con ver' gent3 coming nearly together4 cope3 a long robe4 co' pi ous ly3 plentifully4 cord' age3 the ropes on a ship4 ,cor' do van3 made in ,cordova1 a ,spanish city4 cor me' um e rue ta' vit3 the heart of me burst forth4 cor rob' o ra ted3 confirmed2 agreed with4 cor ro' sive sub' li mate3 a substance containing mercury and useful for cleaning wounds4 coun' ter-poise3 a weight used to pull up the drawbridge4 cowl3 a monk's hood4 cox' comb3 a piece of red cloth worn by jesters on their caps4 crest fall' en3 humiliated2 humbled4 crev' ice3 hole2 opening4 cri' sis3 critical period4 croup3 the space behind the saddle4 cur tail' ing3 cutting down4 cut' lery3 knives and forks4 cyl' in der3 a part of machinery1 like a piston1 longer than broad and with a round surface4 cy lin' dri cal3 shaped like a cylinder1 that is1 long but with a round surface1 as a lead pencil4 decency3 here1 a good appearance4 de cep' tive3 misleading4 dep re da' tion3 theft2 despoiling4 ,de pro fun' dis cla ma' vi3 ,i cried from the depths1 a ,latin psalm4 dif' fi dence3 shyness4 dil' a to' ri ness3 slowness2 delay4 dil' a to ry3 slow4 di lem' ma3 difficulty4 dis cerned'3 saw2 understood4 dis con' so late ly3 unhappily4 dis til' ling3 for condensing sweet water from sea water4 dlink3 drink1 in broken ,english4 doit3 a coin of small value4 do mes' tic3 of the home4 ,dom' i nie3 a name sometimes given clergymen or schoolmasters4 doub' let3 a garment covering the body from neck to waist4 dough ty 7dou' ty73 valiant2 useful4 drag3 the scent of a fox4 dross3 money spoken of contemptuously1 as something of no account4 ,dry' ad3 a wood nymph4 du en' na3 chaperon4 dun3 brownish4 ,dun dee'3 a ,scotch seaport4 e clipse'3 darkening2 obscuring4 ef fem' i nate3 womanish4 e lec trom' e ter3 an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity4 em a na' tion3 a flowing forth4 em bel' lish3 ornament2 touch up4 em' u late3 rival4 e' quine3 pertaining to a horse4 ,esh' col3 a scene in the ,bible4 ex ha la' tion3 fumes2 vapor4 ex hil' a ra ted3 lifted up2 greatly pleased4 ex' i gence3 emergency4 ex or' bi tant3 unreasonable2 excessive4 ex pos' tu la ted3 protested4 fath' om3 a measure six feet in length4 fer' rule3 the piece at the end of a parasol or umbrella4 feu' dal3 relating to a lord of the ,middle ,ages4 fi del' i ty3 faithfulness4 fil' ial 7yal73 due from a child to a parent4 first mag' ni tude3 largest size2 most importance4 floe3 the ocean frozen into an ice-field4 fort' a lice3 a small fortress4 frank' lin3 a ,saxon gentleman4 ,front-de-,boeuf 7front de beuf'73 a ,norman baron4 gab' bro3 a kind of limestone rock4 gal' liard 7yard73 a gallant1 valiant man4 gear3 affair2 concern4 ge' ni i 7e73 spirits4 gen re 7zhan' r73 dealing with everyday life4 gen teel' ly3 like gentlefolk2 properly4 ge' o log' i cal3 relating to the substance of the earth4 glaive3 a weapon resembling an ax4 gra mer' cy3 thanks4 gra tu' i tous3 useless2 unnecessary4 grav' i ta' tion3 the attraction of great bodies1 such as the earth1 for other bodies4 gren ade'3 a small bomb4 gro tesque' 7tesk73 absurd2 unsightly4 gyves 7jives73 fetters2 irons4 hatch' way3 an opening in a deck4 ,hen' ri cus3 a settlement on the ,james river some distance above ,jamestown4 her met' i cal ly3 tightly2 impenetrably4 hi la' ri ously3 uproariously4 hor' i zon' tal3 on a level with the ground4 hum' mock3 a knoll1 or hillock4 hy' dro plane3 an aeroplane which also moves on the water4 il lus' tri ous3 distinguished2 noted4 im port' ed3 brought in from without4 im per' vi ous3 impenetrable2 not to be pierced4 in' con ceiv' a ble3 beyond the understanding4 in ef' fa ble3 very great2 beyond measure4 in' ef fec' tu al3 unavailing2 without effect4 in ex' pli ca bly3 not to be explained4 in fal' li bly3 unerringly4 in' fin ite 7it73 immeasurable4 in i ti a tive 7in ish' i a tive73 an act which begins something4 ,in' nu it3 an ,american ,esquimau4 in ter mit' tent3 unsteady2 not regular4 in vin' ci ble3 not to be conquered4 in vi' o late3 unbroken2 undefiled4 jave' lin 7jav73 a short spear used for throwing4 joc' u lar' i ty3 mirth4 joc' und3 merry2 sportive4 ,jove3 the king of the gods2 here1 the chief person of the household4 jun' to3 a group of men2 a council4 ka lei' do scope3 an instrument in which small pieces of colored glass slide about and form pleasing shapes4 ,ki was' sa3 a name for the ,great ,spirit1 or ,god4 ,knights ,templar3 an order of knights serving in ,palestine and taking their name from a palace in ,jerusalem called ,solomon's ,temple4 la goons3 lakes connecting with the sea4 ,la ,mort 7mor73 ,death1 sounded on a horn when the game is killed4 la' tent3 hidden2 not revealed2 also1 in preparation4 leg-bail3 escape by flight4 ,ley' den jar3 a glass bottle used to accumulate electricity4 log' a rith' mic tables3 mathematical tables used to calculate a ship's position4 ,long ,house3 a name for the ,iroquois ,indians1 derived from their long communal houses4 lon' gi tude3 distance on the earth's surface from east to west4 lu' mi na ry3 a body that gives light4 ,ma belle mere 7mare73 ,my pretty mother4 ,ma' gi ans3 wise men of ancient ,persia4 mal' a dy3 disease4 ,mal voi sin 7mal vwa zan'73 a ,norman baron4 man' i cure set3 instruments used on the finger nails4 man' tel et3 a movable shelter of wood4 ma rau' ders3 robbers4 mar' i3 husband4 masque 7mask73 a kind of theatrical performance4 mas' que rad' ing3 going in disguise4 ma ter' nal3 motherly4 mat' ins3 a morning service of the ancient church4 mer' ce na ry3 a hired soldier2 a hireling4 mer' cu ry3 quicksilver1 used in the thermometer4 me tal' lic3 composed of metal4 ,michael mas eve 7mick' el mas73 ,september #bh4 ,mi' das3 a king in ,greek myth whose touch turned everything to gold4 mod' i fi ca' tion3 change4 ,mon' a cans3 an ,indian tribe originally living west of ,richmond1 ,virginia4 mon' o syl' la ble3 a single syllable4 ,mort pour la patrie3 ,dead for country4 ,mount joy ,st4 ,dennis 7den ny'73 the war cry of ancient ,france4 muf' ti 7ty73 ordinary clothes4 na bob3 a millionaire3 a wealthy man from ,india4 na' per y3 table linen4 ,naz' a rene3 a name sometimes applied to ,christians1 from ,jesus of ,nazareth4 ne go' ti a ting3 bargaining4 niche 7nitch73 an opening in a wall4 no' men il' lis le' gi o3 the name of them is legion4 nor' mal3 accustomed2 usual4 nu' cle us3 a central mass4 nu' tri ment3 nourishment4 ob' du rate3 not to be moved4 o bei sance 7o ba' sans73 a bending of the body2 a bow4 ob lique' 7leek73 a slanting direction4 old fields3 fields no longer cultivated4 o' pa line3 the color of opals2 grayish-white4 ,o' pe chan' ca nough 7no73 the leading ,indian chief in ,virginia in the early period4 op' tion3 choice4 op' u lence3 wealth4 order3 a society of monks1 with an organization and convents4 o' ri en ta tion3 adjustment4 os ten' si ble3 apparent2 professed4 pad' u a soy'3 a rich1 heavy silk4 ,pa mun' keys3 an ,indian tribe originally living along the ,pamunkey and ,york rivers in ,virginia4 pan' de mo' ni um3 the place of devils2 also1 and usually1 a riotous scene4 pan' nier 7yer73 a wicker basket4 par' ley3 talk2 discussion4 ,pas' pa heghs 7hays73 an ,indian tribe of ,virginia4 patched3 adorned with small patches of black cloth4 pa' thos3 sadness4 pa visse'3 a large shield4 ,pax' vo bis' cum3 ,peace be with you6 pem' mi can3 powdered meat pressed into cakes4 per' i scope3 an instrument projecting above a submarine which gives a view of the sea surface4 per' pen dic' u lar3 straight up and down4 per' pen dic' u lar' i ty3 straightness up and down4 pet' ri fied3 turned to stone4 phil' o soph' i cal3 wise2 learned4 pil' lion 7yun73 a cushion used by women in riding horseback4 pi lote 7pe loat'73 an aeroplane pilot4 pin' na cle3 summit4 pipe3 a musical instrument resembling a flute4 plain' tive ly3 complainingly4 plan' i sphere3 the representation of the earth on a plane2 a map of the world4 ,ple ia des 7ple' ya dees73 a group of six stars in the constellation ,taurus4 pol lute'3 to stain2 to befoul4 po made'3 a perfumed ointment4 po ma' tum3 a perfumed ointment4 pon' der a ble3 weighable2 having heaviness4 pon' der ous3 heavy2 unwieldy4 pon' iard 7yard73 a dagger4 por' tents3 signs2 omens4 ,pow' ha tan3 the ,james river2 also the name of ,opechancanough's predecessor4 pre ca' ri ous3 uncertain2 dangerous4 pre' con cep' tion3 a foreshadowing2 an idea of something to come4 pri me' val3 original4 prim' i tive3 original2 coming down from afar4 ,pro' cy on 7si73 a first-magnitude star4 pro di gious 7pro dij' us73 immense4 pro ject' ile3 something projected with force1 or fired4 pur veyed'3 brought4 quarter-staff3 a short pole1 used as a walking-staff and a weapon4 ra' di us3 the distance from the center of a body to its surface4 rail' ler y3 jesting4 ran' som3 a sum paid for the release of a prisoner4 rar' e fac' tion3 the making thin2 less dense4 ra' ti o3 rate2 measure4 re cip' ro ca ted3 returned4 re cum' bent3 lying down4 re fec' to ry3 a dining-room in a convent4 re frac' tion3 the bending from a straight line which occurs when a ray of light passes out of the air into water4 reg' u la tor3 a contrivance for controlling motion4 re mu' ner a ted3 rewarded2 presented with4 re nowned'3 famous4 re plete'3 filled4 rep' ro ba' tion3 condemnation2 disapproval4 res' pi ra' tor3 a device covering the mouth and nose and preventing the breathing of outside air4 ret' i nue3 a train of attendants4 re ver' ber a ted3 reflected2 echoed4 rime3 hoarfrost4 ,rolfe1 ,john3 the first ,englishman to plant tobacco in ,virginia2 the husband of ,pocahontas4 rood3 cross4 ro' sa ry3 a string of beads used in counting prayers4 ru' bi cund3 ruddy2 red4 rucksack3 a napsack worn by ,arctic travelers4 rue' ful3 sad2 distressed4 ruffle3 a contest4 sar cas' ti cal ly3 ironically2 humorously4 sat' el lite3 an attendant2 also1 a body revolving around another1 as the moon4 scar3 a cliff4 sci' en tist3 one learned in the natural sciences1 as chemistry1 physics1 etc4 screen3 a surface on which the reflection from the periscope is thrown4 sem' blance3 likeness4 serf3 a kind of slave2 an unfree laborer4 sex' tant3 an instrument used to determine a ship's position by observing the sun and other objects4 ,shah3 ruler2 king4 shrift3 confession made to a priest4 ,shrovetide3 the days just before the beginning of ,lent4 sib' yl3 prophetess4 side drift3 the drift of a vessel to one side or the other of a course4 sil hou ette 7sil oo et'73 the black shadow of an object4 sin' gu lar' i ty3 strangeness4 smock race3 a race in which the contestants are hampered by garments4 sliv' er3 a long splinter4 sol' ace3 comfort4 so phis' ti ca ted3 experienced2 worldly-wise4 spec' tral3 of graded colors4 spin' et3 a musical instrument like a piano4 spoor3 trail2 foot-marks4 sprint' er3 a runner2 a foot-racer4 spume3 froth2 foam4 stac ca' to3 disconnected2 jerky4 states' man3 one concerned in the governing of a country4 sten to' ri an3 loud2 thundering4 stodg' i ly3 with distended eyes4 sto' ic al ly3 patiently2 without complaint4 stoke-hold3 the room containing a ship's boilers4 stra' ta3 the layers of rock composing the crust of the earth4 strat' e gy3 the use of artifice2 clever planning4 ,stuy' ves ant3 a ,dutch colonial governor of ,new ,york4 sub lim' i ty3 grandeur2 magnificence4 sub' ter ra' ne an3 beneath the earth2 in a cavity4 sump' ter mule3 a beast of burden4 sump' tu a ry3 relating to expense4 sump' tu ous3 plentiful2 extravagant4 su' per flu' i ty3 more than is needed4 su per' flu ous3 not needed4 sur' plice3 a white outer garment worn by priests4 ,sus' que han' nocks3 an ,indian tribe originally inhabiting ,maryland and ,pennsylvania4 sword of ,damascus3 a sword made from steel wrought in ,damascus1 ,syria4 syl' van3 of the woods4 sym' pho ny3 harmony2 music4 ta' bor3 a small drum4 tac' i turn 7tas73 silent4 tam' bour frame3 frame for embroidery4 tap' es try3 a curtain for a wall ornamented with worked pictures4 tar' get3 a small shield4 ter' ma gant3 quarrelsome2 scolding4 ter' ra fir' ma3 the firm earth4 thane3 a ,saxon land-owner4 thatch3 straw or reeds4 ,ti' tan3 a giant of ,greek myth4 tithe3 a tenth4 tor' toise-shell3 the shell of a turtle4 traction engine3 a locomotive that draws vehicles along roads4 treasurer3 ,george ,sandys4 tri bu' nal3 a court of justice4 trump3 the card that takes other cards in a game4 truss3 tie4 tu mul' tu ous3 riotous2 very noisy4 ul' tra ma rine'3 deep blue4 uncle3 a familiar form of address used by jesters4 u nique' 7neek73 singular2 unusual4 u' su ry3 unlawful1 or excessive interest4 vas' sals3 subjects2 dependents4 ve' he ment3 passionate2 forceful4 ve loc' i ty3 speed4 vel' lum3 leather4 ven' er a' tion3 respect2 reverence4 ver' dure3 vegetation2 green growth4 ver' i ta ble3 true2 unmistakable4 vic' ar3 a clergyman in charge of a parish4 vis' count 7vi73 a nobleman4 viz' ard3 a mask4 viz' or3 here1 a mask4 vo ra' cious 7shus73 greedy2 very hungry4 ,wat' ling ,street3 a ,roman road running from ,dover to ,chester4 wer' o wance3 a chief of the ,virginia ,indians4 ,west1 ,francis3 afterward governor of ,virginia4 whist3 still4 yeo' man 7yo73 a free laborer2 often a small land-owner4 ze' nith3 highest point2 summit4 zo' o phytes3 small sea animals growing together1 as coral4 ,transcriber's ,note ,the following printer's errors have been corrected3 #ef ,mountain changed to ,mountain4 #ig all unwarned6 changed to all unwarned6 #aai he shall changed to he shall1 #abe good-bye changed to good-by #acj ruffllings changed to rufflings #aea reeentering changed to reentering #afc processsion changed to procession #agg calculatued changed to calculated #bbc langauge changed to language #bcj but to seaward changed to but two seaward #bcf ,majorie changed to ,marjorie #bfc attemped changed to attempted #bfg altogther changed to altogether #bgb miller1 changed to miller8 #bgg accomodated changed to accommodated #bgh rescue8' changed to rescue8 #bhf ,norman1 and let changed to ,norman1 and let #cje father1 said changed to father1 said #caj ,fiends6' changed ,fiends6 #cag ',nothing changed to ,nothing #cbf of proof4 changed to of proof4 #cbh stop them4 changed to stop them4 #chc ,april4 #eth4 changed to ,april #eth4 #chf hugh changed to huge #cif the bottom4 changed to the bottom4 #djb everything6 changed to everything6 #dji said2 do you changed to said2 do you #ddd unwieldly changed to unwieldy #ddf spoor2 changed to spoor3 ,other errors #aaf infantile not included in vocabulary section #aag peer not included in the vocabulary section #aah mien not included in the vocabulary section #bhb contingent is not defined in the vocabulary section #ced ballast is not defined in the vocabulary section #ddj corroborated not marked in the text #ddc mari not marked in the text #ddd pinnacle not marked in the text ,inconsistent hyphenation foot-marks _/ footmarks north-east _/ northeast seal-skin _/ sealskin snow-flakes _/ snowflakes water-proof _/ waterproof white-haired _/ whitehaired