,,no ,,refuge ,,b ,,9 ,,tru? ,,by ,,goldw9 ,,smi? ,,toronto ,,wm4 ,,tyrrell ,,company #aijh ,,copyright1 #aijg-aijh ,,by ,,! ,,sun ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,copyright1 ,,canada1 #aijf ,,by ,,goldw9 ,,smi? ,,cont5ts4 ,,preface4 ,i4 ,man & ,8 ,de/9y ,,ii4 ,new ,fai? ,l9k$ ) ,old ,,iii4 ,! ,scope ( ,evolution ,,iv4 ,! ,limit ( ,evolution ,v4 ,explanations ,,vi4 ,! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l ,,vii4 ,is !re to be a ,revolution 9 ,e?ics8 ,! ,religi\s ,situation ,transcrib]'s note3 ,because ,! ,religi\s ,situation _h its own title & v]so page1 x 0 split into a sep>ate e-book4 ,,preface4 ,! lett]s collect$ 9 ?is volume appe>$1 ) o!rs1 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun1 to ! ,editor ( :i* ! ?anks ( ! writ] = 8 c\rtesy are due4 ,app5d$ is a pap] on ! same subjects comm5t+ on "o by ! late ,mr4 ,*amb]la91 s9ce publi%$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review also ! writ]'s ackn[l$gm5ts are due4 ,!re appe>$ to be suffici5t int]e/ 9 ! discussion to call = ! publication ( a small edition4 ,! age calls = religi\s tru?4 ,n9e ?\s& p]sons communicat$ _! crav+s to ! ,editor ( ! ,london ,daily ,telegraph4 ,by _! side ! pres5t writ] places himself1 n a tea*]1 b an inquir]1 seek+ = tru? & op5 to conviction4 ,! position ( ! cl]gy1 especially :]e te/s are /r+5t1 calls = our utmo/ consid]ation4 ,b ,i submit t x w\ld n be improv$ by any attempt1 su* z seems to be made 9 a "w ( great ability be=e me1 to m]ge ! !ological 9 ! social "q4 ,b5evol5ce may /ill be f> bel[ ! ,gospel m>k1 & ! ,*ri/ian fai? may suff] f its default4 ,b ! increase ( x & ! multiplication ( its monum5ts s9ce ! _w has be5 comp>atively at peace _c be d5i$2 :ile ( ! di/ress :i* /ill calls = an increase ( ,*ri/ian ef=t1 n ! :ole is due to default on ! "p ( ! weal?i] classes4 ,idl5ess1 vice1 intemp]ance1 improvid5t m>riage1 play _! "p4 ,let u n be l$ away ^u a false issue4 ,!re is no?+ = x b tru?4 ,i4 ,,man1 ,,& ,,8 ,,de/9y4 ,"t has pass$ s9ce ,i fir/ s\ght access to ! columns ( ,! ,sun1 rang+ myself ) ! n9e ?\s& :o 9 an ,engli% j\rnal _h crav$ = religi\s light4 ,! movem5t :i* caus$ t crav+ has gone on4 ,! ,*ur*es %[ _! s5se ( x4 ,ev5 9 t ( ,rome !re is a gr[? ( ,mod]nism1 z x is call$ by ! ,pope1 :o1 hav+ lo/ 8 m$iaeval pres]vatives ( unity1 /rives to quell ,mod]nism by d5unciation4 ,anglicanism resorts to a gr& pageant ( uni=mity1 b5ea? :i*1 h[ev]1 lurk ,anglo-,ca?olicism1 ,evangelicism1 & ,lib]alism1 by no means uni=m 9 fai?4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es prop]1 _! _s be+ m emotional1 feel ! doctr9al movem5t less4 ,b !y are n unmov$1 z !y %[ by relaxation ( te/s & incl9ation to in=mal if n =mal union1 z well z by increas+ ! ae/hetic & social attractions ( _! cult4 ,wild !osophic sects are born & die4 ,b m>k$ is ! increase ( scepticism1 av[$ & unav[$4 ,x advances probably ev]y:]e 9 ! track ( physical sci5ce4 ,we are confront$ ) ! vital "q :at ! _w w\ld be )\t religion1 )\t tru/ 9 ,provid5ce1 )\t hope or fe> ( a h]eaft]4 ,social ord] is ?reat5$4 ,classes :i* h hi!rto acquiesc$ 9 _! lot1 believ+ t x 0 a div9e ord9ance & t !re w\ld be r$ress & recomp5se 9 a future /ate1 are n[ dem&+ t conditions %all be levell$ "h4 ,! nations quake ) fe> ( *ange4 ,! lead]s ( humanity1 "s ?9k1 may ev5 f9d x necess>y to make up by an increase ( ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t = ! lo/ influ5ce ( religion4 ,belief 9 ! ,bible z inspir$ & ,god's revelation ( himself to man seems h>dly to l+] 9 well-in=m$ & op5 m9ds4 ,criticism1 hi/ory1 & sci5ce h conspir$ to put an end to x4 ,! au?or%ip ( ! great] "p1 includ+ ! mo/ important books1 is unkn[n4 ,! morality ( ! ,old ,te/am5t diff]s f t ( ! ,new1 & ?\gh 9 advance ( ! _w g5]ally 9 ^? days1 9 m places ?an "o1 z 9 ! case ( ! slaught] ( ! ,canaanites1 %ocks u n[4 ,!re are errors1 too1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ( a physical k9d1 su* z ^? 9 ! acc\nt ( creation & ! belief 9 ! revolution ( ! sun4 ,( ! ,new ,te/am5t ! mo/ important books1 ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 our ma9 au?orities = ! life ( ,*ri/1 are manife/ly grafts ^u a /ock ( unkn[n au?or%ip & date4 ,!y betray a belief 9 diabolical possession1 a local sup]/ition f :i* ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 :o evid5tly 0 n a ,pale/9ian ,jew1 0 free4 ,!re is discrepancy betwe5 ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels & ! f\r?1 notably z to ! day & consequ5t significance ( ,*ri/'s celebration ( ! ,passov]4 ,x is incr$ible t ,god 9 reveal+ himself to man %\ld h all[$ any m>k ( human error to appe> 9 ! revelation4 ,we h1 moreov]1 to ask :y t on :i* ! _w's salvation dep5d$ %\ld h be5 )held s long & communicat$ to s few4 ,!re rema9s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 besides its va/ hi/orical int]e/1 mu* t morally /ill impresses & exalts u4 ,( ! ,new ,te/am5t !re rema9s ! moral ideal ( ,*ri/1 our fai? 9 :i* no unc]ta9ty z to ! au?ors ( ! n>ratives1 or mi/ru/ ( !m on acc\nt ( ! miracul\s embelli%m5t common 9 biographies ( sa9ts1 ne$ mat]ially affect4 ,! moral ideal ( ,*ri/ conqu]$ ! anci5t _w :5 ! ,roman1 mighty 9 "* z well z 9 arms1 0 its ma/]4 ,x has liv$ ?r\gh all ^! c5turies1 all _! revolutions & convulsions1 ! usurpation1 tyranny1 & sc&als ( ! ,papacy4 ,! mo/ d\btful po9t ( x1 consid]$ z a p]man5t exempl>1 is its t5d5cy1 n to asceticism1 = ,*ri/ came eat+ & dr9k+1 b to an excessive pref]5ce = pov]ty & antipa?y to weal? :i* w\ld arre/ human progress & kill civilization4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 a ,nicodemus & a ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 z well z a ,dives & a ,laz>us4 ,no?+ po9ts to a ,simeon ,/ylites4 ,self-d5ial1 ?\gh n asceticism prop]1 is a necess>y "p ( ! life ( a w&]+ prea*]1 :i* also preclud$ ! exhibition ( dome/ic virtues4 ,! relation ( ,jesus ) 8 family seems to h be5 h>dly dome/ic2 we h no record ( any communication betwe5 him & ,joseph2 9 8 la/ h\r he provides a retreat = 8 "m4 ,we _c appeal f reason to fai?4 ,fai? is confid5ce1 & = confid5ce !re mu/ be reason4 ,! fai? to :i* appeal is made is 9 fact an emotion r ?an an intellectual conviction4 ,b ap>t f ! ,bible1 h we any revelation ( ! nature1 ! w1 ! unity1 ! exi/5ce ( deity8 ,x mu/ app>5tly be own$ t1 ?\gh we tremble at ! ?\ght1 we h none4 ,we are left ^u ?is %ore ( "t gaz+ into inf9ity & et]nity )\t clue or guidance except su* z we c ga9 ei!r by inspection ( our own nature ) its moral indications & prompt+s or by /udy+ ! ord] ( ! univ]se4 ,we f9d 9 man1 x is true1 a natural belief 9 deity1 :i* we might ?9k 0 implant$ by 8 creator2 b x is n f\nd 9 all m51 & 9 ! l[] races x assumes =ms (t5 s l[ & grotesque t we _c imag9e its orig9 to h be5 div9e4 ,betwe5 ! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ian & ! god ( ! r$ ,indian !re is1 sav+ m]e =ce1 no aff9ity :atev]4 ,?is we mu/ frankly own to ourselves4 ,! god ( ! ,mexican dem&$ human sacrifice4 ,on e>? ! creative p[] seems to be1 z x 71 cont5d+ aga9/ itself4 ,good ( e k9d is 9 conflict ) evil4 ,sl[ly & fitfully1 ) _m rev]ses1 good seems to prevail4 ,humanity z a :ole advances1 & if we c\ld believe 9 its collective advance t[>d an ultimate p]fection :i* all :o h contribut$ to ! advance %\ld %>e1 we might h a solution ( ! great problem4 ,b ( ?is we h no c]ta9 assurance4 ,multitudes come into be+ :o to progress c contribute no?+4 ,!re is evil ( all k9ds t s f> z we c see c be foll[$ by no good effect4 ,plague & fam9e1 ) a great "p ( ! common mis=tunes ( human life1 seem m]ely evil4 ,s1 pla9ly1 d ! suff]+s ( animals1 sometimes on a t]rible scale & app>5tly q useless4 ,z long z ef=t1 ev5 pa9ful1 is ! price ( p]fection ! price mu/ be paid & we acquiesce4 ,b 9 innum]able cases !re appe>s to be no room = t explanation4 ,! rocks display ! fossil rema9s ( :ole races ( primeval animals produc$ app>5tly only to become ext9ct4 ,( ! e>? itself1 man's de/9$ habitation1 l>ge portions are utt]ly un9habitable4 ,! leg5d>y w> betwe5 ! p[]s ( good & evil1 ,god & ,satan1 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 0 a fable naturally devis$1 ?\gh ! bir? ( ! two p[]s & ! division ( exi/5ce betwe5 !m is inconceivable4 ,c any?+ l a cle> l9e be drawn betwe5 good & evil8 ,ef=t & resi/ance to temptation may seem necess>y +r$i5ts 9 ! =mation ( a virtu\s "*4 ,s f> we may ?9k we h ! clue4 ,b :at is to be said ( ! myriads ( cases 9 :i* virtu\s ef=t seems to be morally impossible2 9 ! case1 = in/ance1 ( b>b>\s or corrupt & deprav$ tribes or nations 9 :i* g5]al example is evil8 ,:at is to be said ( dea?s 9 infancy1 :5 !re has be5 no "t = "* to be =m$8 ,to suppose t ! ,creator c\ld n h help$ x1 t ?is 0 8 only way to ! production ( virtu\s be+s1 is to d5y 8 omnipot5ce4 ,a ,satan ) horns & ho(s1 /ruggl+ aga9/ ! p[] ( good1 us$ to be ! solution ( ! problem1 b belongs to ! simple religion ( ! pa/4 ,a plan ( :i* we are ignorant1 b ( :i* ! end w be good1 is app>5tly our only explanation ( ! my/]y4 ,! e>? is beautiful2 we h human society ) all its int]e/s2 we h fri5d%ip1 love1 & m>riage2 we h art & music4 ,we mu/ tru/ t ! p[] :i* w det]m9e ! future reveals itself 9 ^!4 ,! belief t man has an immortal s\l ins]t$ into a mortal body f :i*1 be+1 z ,bi%op ,butl] phrases x1 indisc]ptible1 x is p>t$ at dea?1 has become unt5able4 ,we "k t man is "o2 t all gr[s & develops toge!r4 ,imag9ation _c picture a disembodi$ s\l4 ,! spirituali/ app>itions are always corporeal4 ,free w surely we unque/ionably h4 ,necess>ianism seems to assume t 9 action !re is only "o elem5t1 motive4 ,b reflection seems to %[ t !re are two elem5ts1 motive & w2 & ( ?is duality we seem to be s5sible :5 we wav] 9 action or feel compunction = :at we h done4 ,is x possible to expla9 moral rep5tance or morality at all )\t assum+ ! fre$om ( ! w8 ,habit may enslave2 b to be enslav$ is once to h be5 free4 ,:at is consci5ce8 ,:5 we rep5t morally are we look+ only to ! imm$iate consequ5ces ( ! act1 or are we also look+ to ! injury done to our moral nature8 ,if ! latt]1 does x n appe> t !re is some?+ 9 u n mat]ial & po9t+ to a high] life8 ,mu* ( u1 no d\bt1 is mat]ial4 ,memory & imag9ation (t5 act unbidd5 by ! w2 imag9ation (t5 :5 we are asleep4 ,we may f9d a mat]ial elem5t ev5 9 ! "* z m\ld$ by physical or social circum/ance or ne$4 ,b is !re n also a consci\s ef=t ( self-improvem5t n dep5d5t on ^!8 ,t all is mat]ial1 no?+ spiritual1 does n seem yet to h be5 prov$4 ,x is by close exam9ation ( our own nature & its work+s1 p]haps1 t we are mo/ likely to solve ! enigma ( our be+4 ,! ^w spiritual surely has a mean+2 x sugge/s self-culture n only = ! pres5t b = a high] /ate4 ,evolution is a great discov]y4 ,b evolution _c h evolv$ itself1 nor does !re seem to h be5 an obs]v$ case ( x4 ,po9ts ( simil>ity betwe5 ! ape & man are n pro(s ( transition4 ,has any animal giv51 l man1 ! slighte/ sign ( self-improvem5t or consci\s t5d5cy to progress8 ,! putt+ on by ! mortal ( immortality1 x mu/ h[ev] be own$1 baffles conception4 ,9 ! apologue ( ,dives & ,laz>us ! dead appe> /ill 9 _! human =ms & talk to ea* o!r across ! gulf1 app>5tly n>r[1 :i* divides ! abode ( ! damn$ f t ( ! bless$4 ,?is cle>ly is ! "w ( imag9ation4 ,nor1 see+ ! inf9ite gradations ( "* & ! frequ5t mixture ( good & evil 9 ! same man1 c we und]/& h[ a cle> l9e c be drawn betwe5 ^? :o are admitt$ to heav5 & ^? :o are condemn$ to hell4 ,m]e difficulties ( s5se or intellect on mundane que/ions might be met by appeal to ! my/]ies ( a univ]se :i* may conceivably be o!r 9 reality ?an to u x appe>s4 ,b x is to be suppos$ t div9e b5efic5ce w\ld give its creatures all p[]s ( intellig5ce necess>y to _! moral welf>e1 above all ^? entail+ rew>d or puni%m5t 9 a future life4 ,:at is to be said 9 ?is connection ( man's ae/hetic nature1 ( 8 s5se ( beauty & melody8 ,c !y be ! (fspr+ ( mat]ial evolution8 ,z !y meet no mat]ial ne$1 we might almo/ take !m = ! smile ( a b5efic5t & sympa?iz+ _s4 ,! basis ( ! gifts no d\bt is physical1 b we _c easily und]/& h[ !y c h be5 develop$ by a purely physical process4 ,to gho/s & app>itions ( all k9ds1 spiritualism includ$1 we bid a long f>ewell4 ,we turn to ! univ]se1 ( :i* :ile we believ$ 9 ! ,inc>nation our e>? 0 ! c5tral & all-important sc5e1 b 9 :i* x n[ holds ! place only ( a m9or planet4 ,we see ord] & gr&eur inexpressible1 b ) "s app>5t signs ( an opposite k9d--! conflagration ( a />1 a moon b]eft ( atmosph]e1 errant comets & a]olites4 ,9 our own abode we h v>iations ( wea!r1 app>5tly accid5tal & sometimes noxi\s1 atmosph]ic influ5ces :i* beget plagues1 m9i/]s ( de/ruction su* z e>?quakes & volcanoes4 ,! plan1 if plan !re is1 transc5ds our s5se & compreh5sion4 ,/ill1 be x ev] borne 9 m9d1 ( ! human race1 progress1 moral & m5tal1 is ! unique *>act]i/ic1 & ! "o :i* sugge/s a div9e plan to be fulfill$ 9 ! sum ( ?+s4 ,x di/+ui%es man vitally & immeasurably f all o!r creatures4 ,fitful1 (t5 arre/$1 sometimes rev]s$1 x does n cease4 ,x may po9t to an ultimate solution ( ! enigma ( our *equ]$ be+ su* z %all ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man4 ,?is may be /ill ! _w's *ildhood1 & ! fai? :i* seems to be collaps+ may be only t ( ! *ild4 ,:atev] tr\ble1 moral1 social1 or political1 a great *ange ( belief may br+1 !re is surely no?+ = x b to seek & embrace ! tru?4 ,:atev] may become ( our cre$s & ( ! dogma1 s pla9ly human 9 its orig91 ( "s ( !m1 we h /ill ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( "*1 :i* has n yet be5 s]i\sly *all5g$1 does n dep5d on miracle or dogma = its claim to acceptance1 & may cont9ue to unite ,*ri/5dom4 ,sup]/ition c be ( no use morally2 ev5 politically x c be ( little use1 & n = long4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ideal we /ill h a rule ( life4 ,rob9son1 ! good ,puritan pa/or1 tak+ leave ( ! memb]s ( 8 flock :o 7 emb>k+ = ,am]ica1 bade !m n conf9e !mselves to :at !y _h le>n$ f 8 tea*+1 b to be ready to receive :atev] tru? might be made kn[n to !m f ! writt5 ^w ( ,god4 ,if !re is a ,god1 are n all tru?s1 sci5tific1 hi/oric1 or critical1 z mu* z any?+ writt5 9 ! ,bible1 ! ^w ( ,god8 ,septemb] #bj?1 #aijh4 ,,ii4 ,,new ,,fai? ,,l9k$ ,,) ,,old4 ,a prea*] cites a lecture ( m9e1 deliv]$ ne>ly half a c5tury ago1 a "p ( :i* has _h ! hon\r ( be+ embalm$ 9 ! "w ( t mo/ em95t !ologian1 ! late ,dean ,we/cott1 on ,! ,hi/oric ,fai?4 ,i turn$ r n]v\sly to ! lecture to see :at x 0 t ,i _h said4 ,n t ,i %\ld h be5 mu* %ock$ _h ,i f\nd t my op9ions _h ev5 be5 completely *ang$4 ,s9ce t lecture 0 deliv]$ sci5ce & criticism h wr\ght a revolution 9 !ological belief1 likely1 z x appe>s to me1 to be reg>d$ h]eaft] z ! mo/ mom5t\s revolution 9 hi/ory4 ,) ! :ole passage cit$ by ,dean ,we/cott ,i w n burd5 ! columns ( ,! ,sun1 b "p ( x is ?is3-- ,! type ( "* set =? 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory is an absolute embodim5t ( love1 bo? 9 ! way ( action & affection1 cr[n$ by ! highe/ possible exhibition ( x 9 an act ( ! mo/ transc5d5t self-devotion to ! int]e/ ( ! human race4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is difficult to see h[ ! ,*ri/ian morality c ev] be br\ght into antagonism ) ! moral progress ( mank9d2 or h[ ! ,*ri/ian type ( "* c ev] be left beh9d by ! c\rse ( human developm5t1 lose ! allegiance ( ! moral _w1 or give place to newly em]g+ & high] ideals4 ,?is type1 x w\ld appe>1 be+ p]fect1 w be f9al4 ,x w be f9al n z preclud+ future hi/ory1 b z compreh5d+ x4 ,! moral ef=ts ( all ages1 to ! consummation ( ! _w1 w be ef=ts to realize ?is "* & to make x actually1 z x is pot5tially1 univ]sal4 ,:ile ^! ef=ts are be+ c>ri$ on "u all ! v>i\s circum/ances ( life & society1 & "u all ! v>i\s moral & intellectual conditions atta*+ to p>ticul> m51 an inf9ite v>iety ( *>act]s1 p]sonal & national1 w be produc$2 a v>iety rang+ f ! highe/ human gr&eur d[n to ! v v]ge ( ! grotesque4 ,b ^! *>act]s1 ) all _! v>iations1 w g beyond _! s\rces & _! ideal only z ! rays ( light g beyond ! sun4 ,humanity1 z x passes ?r\gh phase aft] phase ( ! hi/orical movem5t1 may advance indef9itely 9 excell5ce2 b its advance w be an indef9ite approximation to ! ,*ri/ian type4 ,a div]g5ce f t type1 to :atev] ext5t x may take place1 w n be progress1 b debasem5t & corruption4 ,9 a moral po9t ( view1 9 %ort1 ! _w may ab&on ,*ri/ianity1 b x c nev] advance beyond x4 ,?is is n a matt] ( au?ority1 or ev5 ( revelation4 ,if x is true1 x is a matt] ( reason z mu* z any?+ 9 ! _w4 ,i w5t on to dwell on ! fre$om ( ! ,*ri/ian type ( "* z embodi$ 9 ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity f peculi>ities ( nation1 race1 or sex :i* might h d]ogat$ f its p]fection z a type ( pure humanity4 ,9 ^? days ,i believ$ 9 revelation4 ,b my argum5t 0 n f revelation1 b f e?ics & hi/ory4 ,! und]tak+ ( ,*ri/ianity to conv]t mank9d to a frat]nal & purely b5efic5t type ( "* & enfold m5 9 a univ]sal bro!rhood1 baffl$ & p]v]t$ al?\gh ! ef=t has be5 9 v>i\s ways1 appe>s to h no p>allel 9 e?ical hi/ory4 ,!re is none 9 ! ,greek philosoph]s or ! ,roman ,/oics1 high z "s ( !m may so> 9 _! way4 ,ari/otle's ideal man is p]fect 9 its /atuesque fa%ion1 b x is n frat]nal2 x is n ev5 philan?ropic4 ,nor does ! ,*ri/ian "* or ! ef=t to create x dep>t ) belief 9 dogma4 ,d n m5 :o h totally r5\nc$ ! dogma /ill cultivate a "* 9 its g5tl5ess & b5evol5ce ess5tially ,*ri/ian8 ,!ory1 ,i h none4 ,i plead1 on a foot+ ) ! n9e ?\s& correspond5ts ( ! ,daily ,telegraph ( ,london1 = ?or\ghgo+ allegiance to ! tru?1 emancipation ( ! cl]ical intellect f te/s1 & compreh5sion 9 ! inquiry n only ( ! mat]ial1 b ( ! high] or spiritual nature ( man1 includ+ 8 aspiration to progress1 ( :i* !re _c be said to be any visible sign 9 brutes1 :atev] rudim5ts ( human faculties & affections !y may o!rwise display4 ,b ?\gh ,i h no !ory1 ,i _c help hav+ a conception1 & my pres5t conception ( ! hi/orical relation ( ,*ri/ianity & its ,f\nd] to humanity & human progress does n seem to me to be s diff]5t f :at x 0 half a c5tury ago z :5 ,i came to comp>e ! two ,i expect$ to f9d x4 ,x seems to me /ill t hi/ory is a va/ /ruggle1 ) v>y+ success1 t[>d ! atta9m5t ( moral p]fection1 ( :i*1 if ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity furni%$ ! true ideal1 x may be deem$ 9 a c]ta9 s5se a revelation4 ,assur$ly x may if 9 ?is mo/ my/]i\s _w !re is1 b5ea? all ! conflict ( good ) evil1 a _s /riv+ t[>d good & de/9$ 9 ! end to prevail4 ,if !re is n su* a _s1 if all is matt] & *ance1 we1 c only say1 ,:at a spectacle is ,hi/ory6 ,janu>y #bj?1 #aijg4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,scope ,,( ,,evolution4 ,9 discuss+ ! gr\nd ( e?ical sci5ce "s writ]s appe> to hold t evolution expla9s all2 b surely ! illu/ri\s discov]] ( evolution nev] c>ri$ 8 !ory beyond ! mat]ial "p ( man4 ,he nev] pr(ess$ to trace ! bir? ( e?ics1 idealization1 sci5ce1 poetry1 art1 religion1 or any?+ spiritual 9 ! an?ropoid ape4 ,!re is "h1 app>5tly1 n only a /ep 9 developm5t b a saltus mortalis1 a divid+ & impassable gulf4 ,our bodily s5ses we %>e ) ! brutes4 ,"s brutes excel u 9 quickness ( s5se4 ,!y h ! rudim5ts1 b ! rudim5ts only1 ( our emotions & affections4 ,! "m bird loves h] (fspr+1 b only until !y are fl$g$4 ,! dog is atta*$ to ! ma/] :o fe$s him1 comm&s him1 & if he (f5ds :ips him2 b )\t respect to t ma/]'s p]sonal "* or des]ts4 ,he is z mu* atta*$ to ,bill ,sykes z he w\ld be to ! be/ ( m54 ,! work+s ( :at we call in/9ct 9 beav]s1 bees1 & ants are m>vell\s & seem 9 "s ways almo/ to out/rip humanity1 b !y are n1 l humanity1 progressive4 ,! ant & ! bee ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ago are ! ant & ! bee ( ! pres5t day4 ,! bee is n ev5 taught by exp]i5ce t h] honey w be tak5 aga9 next ye>4 ,/ill less is x possible to detect any?+ l moral aspiration or ef=t at improv+ ! community 9 a moral way4 ,beav]s are wond]fully co-op]ative1 b !y h %[n no t5d5cy to e/abli% a *ur*4 ,( ! sci5ce ( e?ics ! f\ndation surely is our s5se ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong1 & ( our obligation to *oose ! "r & avoid ! wrong = our own sake & = ! sake ( ! society ( :i* we are memb]s & ! "* ( :i* reacts ^u ourselves4 ,?is s5se seems to me to be au?oritative1 :atev] its orig9 may be4 ,diff]5t conceptions ( "r & wrong may to "s ext5t prevail "u diff]5t circum/ances1 national or ( o!r k9ds1 giv+ room = diff]5t e?ical sy/ems1 z a comp>ison ( ! e?ics ( ! ,gospel ) ^? ( ,ari/otle %[s4 ,/ill1 !re is always ! s5se ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong & ( ! necessity1 individual & social1 ( embrac+ ! fir/ & es*ew+ ! second4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian sy/em is f\nd by exp]i5ce to %[ itself ess5tially sup]ior to all o!r sy/ems & to satisfy individually & socially1 x is supreme1 & is presumably ! dictate ( ! au?or ( our be+1 if an au?or ( our be+ !re is4 ,! necess>ian !ory1 :i* 9 ?is connection is /ill advanc$ or impli$1 l>gely accept$ z x has be51 ,i _c help ?9k+ is really traceable to an ov]sight4 ,if 9 action !re 7 only "o factor1 t is to say1 ! motive1 ! action w\ld seem to be necess>y & to be traceable 9 its orig9 app>5tly back to ! nebula4 ,b surely !re are two factors1 ! motive & ! volition4 ,( ! second factor 9 actions :i* are matt]s ( c\rse we are n consci\s2 :]e !re is a conflict ( motives or hesitation ( any k9d1 we are4 ,huxley at "o "t held t man 0 an automaton4 ,i believe my illu/ri\s fri5d aft]w>d rec$$ f t position4 ,yet on ! necess>ian !ory automatons we mu/ app>5tly be4 ,febru>y #aj?1 #aijg4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,limit ,,( ,,evolution4 ,y\r la/ correspond5t on ! subject ( my lett]s treats ! "q lightly4 ,p]haps he is "y1 enjoy+ ! morn+ ( life & ?9k+ little ( its close4 ,on ! m9d ( a /ud5t ( hi/ory is deeply impress$ ! sadness ( its page2 ! record ( inf9ite mis]y & suff]+ z well z depravity1 all app>5tly to no purpose if ! end is to be a physical cata/rophe4 ,comtism1 :ile x bids u devote & sacrifice ourselves to ! future ( humanity1 c app>5tly hold out no?+ m4 ,i accept evolution1 if x is ! v]dict ( sci5ce z to ! orig9 ( physical species1 ! human species includ$2 ?\gh x c]ta9ly seems /range t1 ! *ances be+ s num]\s z !y are1 no di/9ct ease ( evolution %\ld h tak5 place )9 our k54 ,b ! !ory app>5tly does n pret5d to acc\nt = ! developm5t ( man's high] nature4 ,t !re is a gap 9 ! cont9uity ( developm5t or any sup]natural int]v5tion has nev] be5 sugge/$ by me2 b x does appe> t !re is an asc5t su* z con/itutes an ess5tial diff]5ce & calls = o!r ?an physical explanation4 ,9 matt]1 said ,tyndall1 is ! pot5tiality ( all life4 ,matt] is :at we disc]n by our bodily s5ses4 ,:at assurance h we t ! acc\nt ( ! univ]se & ( our relations to x giv5 u by our bodily s5ses is exhau/ive1 or t ! moral consci5ce may n h ano!r s\rce8 ,ap>t f any?+ m di/9ctly spiritual1 :]e d we get ! faculty ( idealization8 ,is x traceable to physical s5se8 ,unless ! moral consci5ce has a s\rce high] ?an m]e physical evolution1 :at is to det] a man 9 :om crim9al prop5sities are /rong f indulg+ !m s long z he c d s ) impunity8 ,eccel9o _h a lu/ ( cruelty4 ,0 he wrong 9 indulg+ x1 s long z he _h ! p[]1 :i* he might h _h1 ) common prud5ce1 to ! end ( 8 life8 ,i speak1 z ,i h always said1 f ! ranks2 & ,i am n presum+ to criticise ,d>w9's !ory z an explanation ( ! orig9 & nature ( ! physical man4 ,b if ! !ory is to be c>ri$ f>!r1 & we are to be told t man's high] attributes & 8 moral consci5ce h no s\rce or au?ority o!r ?an physical evolution1 we may fairly ask to see our way4 ,m>* #ag?1 #aijg4 ,v4 ,,explanations4 ,int]e/ is evid5tly felt 9 que/ions :i* ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to treat 9 ,! ,sun1 & aft] ! notices & ! qu]ies :i* ,i h receiv$ !re are po9ts on :i* ,i %\ld l1 if y w all[ me1 to set myself "r4 ,i4 ,! lean+ to or?odoxy ) :i* ,i am g5tly reproa*$ goes n beyond a conviction1 drawn f ! /udy n ( !ology b ( hi/ory1 t ( all ! types ( "* hi!rto produc$ ! ,*ri/ian type1 f\nd$ on a belief 9 ! fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( man1 appe>s to be ! happie/ & ! be/4 ,at its bir? x enc\nt]$ ali5 & ho/ile influ5ces2 ,alex&rian !osophy1 ,ori5tal asceticism1 ,byzant9e imp]ialism4 ,lat] x enc\nt]$ ! wor/ influ5ce ( all1 t ( !ocracy eng5d]$ by ! ambition ( ! monk ,hildebr&4 ,!ocracy1 n ,ca?olicism or any?+ spiritual1 has be5 ! s\rce ( ! crimes ( ! ,papacy2 ( ! ,norman raids ^u ,engl& & ,irel&2 ! civil w>s k9dl$ by ,papal intrigue 9 ,g]many2 ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,albig5ses2 ! ,inquisition2 ,alva's tribunal ( blood 9 ! ,ne!rl&s2 ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew2 ! p]secution ( ! ,hugu5ots2 ,jesuitism & ! evils1 moral & political1 z well z religi\s1 :i* ,jesuitism has wr\ght4 ,?r\gh all ?is1 & 9 spite ( x all1 ,*ri/ian "* has pres]v$ itself1 & x is /ill ! basis ( ! _w's be/ civilization4 ,mu* t is f> outside ! ,*ri/ian cre$ is /ill ,*ri/ian 9 "* & traceable to a ,*ri/ian s\rce4 ,,ii4 ,i fully admit t society c be regulat$ by a law fram$ = mutual protection & g5]al well-be+ )\t ! religi\s consci5ce or o!r support ?an temporal int]e/4 ,b if individual int]e/ or passion c break ?is law ) impunity1 z (t5 !y c1 :at is !re to )hold !m f do+ x8 ,:at is ! value ( a clean brea/8 ,,iii4 ,! fa!rhood ( ,god seems to be impli$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,by t phrase ,i meant to *>act]ise ,*ri/ianity1 n to emb>k ^u ! "q ( ,!ism4 ,x does n seem possible t we %\ld ev] h direct pro( ?r\gh human obs]vation & reason+ ( ! exi/5ce ( ,deity or ( ! div9e aim & w4 ,to "s p[]1 & app>5tly to "s moral p[]1 we mu/ owe our be+4 ,we c h>dly believe t creation plann$ itself or t ! g]m end[$ itself ) life & provision = developm5t4 ,b :at c h be5 ! aim ( creation8 ,:at c h l$ to ! production ( humanity1 ) all ! evil & suff]+ :i* ,omnisci5ce mu/ h =ese58 ,:at 0 !re :i* )\t su* a process m]e fiat1 s f> z we c see1 c\ld n produce8 ,! only ?+ t pres5ts itself is "*1 :i* app>5tly mu/ be self-=m$ & develop$ by resi/ance to evil4 ,we h _h pl5ty ( evid5ces 9 ! mann] ( ,paley or ! ,bridgewat] ,treatises1 met by sceptical argum5t on ! o!r side2 b has inquiry yet tri$ to fa?om ! my/]y ( human exi/5ce8 ,,iv4 ,"o ?+ = :i* ,i h e>ne/ly plead$ is ! abolition ( cl]ical te/s1 :i* are 9 fact r5unciations ( absolute loyalty to tru?4 ,w\ld ?is involve ! dissolution ( ! ,*ur*es8 ,no?+ surely c put an end to ! ne$ ( spiritual association or to ! usefulness ( ! pa/orate s long z we believe 9 spiritual life4 ,i ?9k ,i h se5 ! mo/ gift$ m9ds1 su* z might h done u ! highe/ s]vice 9 ! que/ ( tru?1 condemn$ to sil5ce by ! te/s4 ,may #e?1 #aijg4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,immortality ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 ,!re appe>$ ! o!r day 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,h]ald a notable lett] by ,mr4 ,paul ,*amb]la9 on ,immortality4 ,x took ! same l9e z an essay on ! same "q by ,mr4 ,*amb]la9's late fa!r1 :i* ,i _h read 9 manuscript4 ,bo? ! lett] & ! essay are on ! negative side ( ! "q1 :i*1 9 ! essay at lea/1 is pron\nc$ ! happi] & bett] view1 z conducive to unselfi%ness4 ,unselfi%ness1 x mu/ surely be1 ( a supreme k9d4 ,annihilation is n a *e]ful ^w4 ,bacon has a highly rhetorical passage fl\t+ ! fe> ( dea?4 ,8 0 probably n a v lov+ nature1 nor does he seem to h ?\ght ( ! p>t+ f ^? we love4 ,! life ( ! late ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 0 evid5tly happy z well z good4 ,t ( 8 son1 ,i h no d\bt1 is ! same4 ,b ( ! lot ( ! myriads ^: lives1 ?r\gh no fault ( _! own1 are1 or 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory h be51 unhappy1 (t5 mo/ mis]able1 :at is to be said8 ,if = !m !re is no comp5sation1 c we believe t b5evol5ce & ju/ice rule ! _w8 ,if ! _w is n rul$ by b5evol5ce & ju/ice1 :at is our gr\nd ( hope8 ,! negative conclusion rids u1 x is true1 ( ! ,dantean ,hell1 :i* pa9ts ! ,deity z incomp>ably worse ?an ! wor/ ,italian tyrant1 &1 z x is to be ev]la/+1 conc$es ! f9al victory to evil4 ,we disc>d all gho/ /ories & spirituali/ app>itions z at mo/ signs ( a g5]al crav+4 ,we resign all reason+ l t ( ,butl]1 :o describes ! s\l z indisc]ptible1 assum+ t x exi/s sep>ately f ! body4 ,nor c we be said to h any?+ t be>s ! "* ( ,revelation4 ,t ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity look$ = a future life1 ) its rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 is evid5t4 ,b he br\ght no special message1 lift$ n ! curta9 ( my/]y1 did no?+ to cle> our m9ds ^u ! subject4 ,8 apologue ( ,dives & ,laz>us %[s t to ,him z to u ! o!r _w 0 a realm ( ! imag9ation4 ,is !re any?+ 9 man n physical1 or app>5tly expla9$ & limit$ by ! transi5t conditions & necessities ( 8 pres5t /ate1 any?+ :i* gives an inkl+ ( immortality8 ,our utilit>ian morality is ! (fspr+ & adjunct ( our condition "h4 ,b is !re n an aspiration to "* :i* po9ts to some?+ m spiritual & high] ?an con=mity to ! utilit>ian code8 ,h]oism & self-sacrifice are n utilit>ian4 ,we c h>dly all[ ! inve/igation to be clos$ by ! m]e m5tion ( ! talismanic =mul>y ,evolution4 ,!re may be some?+ /ill to be said on t subject4 ,evolution _c h evolv$ itself1 nor does x seem capable ( infallible demon/ration4 ,x no d\bt po/ulates va/ spaces ( "t = its action4 ,b )9 ! space ( "t ( :i* we 9 any way h k1 app>5tly no case ( spontane\s evolution has tak5 place4 ,rudim5t>y lik5ess betwe5 ! frame ( ! ape & t ( man seems h>dly 9 itself a pro( ( ! g5]ation ( man f ! ape4 ,on no subject1 h[ev]1 does "o :o is n a man ( sci5ce or a philosoph] feel m int5sely 8 defici5cy1 & 8 ne$ ( hav+ 8 pa?s light$ by ! p]fectly free :ile rev]5t inquiry1 to pray = :i* has be5 ! object ( ^! lett]s4 ,augu/ #aa?1 #aijg4 ,,vii4 ,,is ,,!re ,,to ,,be ,a ,,revolution ,,9 ,,e?ics8 ,a revolution 9 !ology & 9 our conception ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se su* z we are und]go+ is sure to draw ) x a revolution>y movem5t 9 e?ics4 ,!re lies be=e me a review article giv+ an acc\nt ( a numb] ( books on e?ics :i* are widely at v>iance1 x appe>s1 ) ! e?ics ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! au?ors seems to be to reject altoge!r ! ,*ri/ian type ( "* z artificial & weak1 & to aim at sub/itut+ = x some?+ m robu/ &1 x is assum$1 m 9 accordance ) nature4 ,"o !ori/ is repres5t$ z reg>d+ humanity 9 its pres5t =m only z transi5t mat]ial out ( :i* is to be wr\ght ! ,sup]man4 ,9 :at respect1 s f> z our conceptions ext5d1 has ,*ri/ian e?ic fail$8 ,x has giv5 bir? to ! patriot z well z to ! m>tyr1 to ! virtues ( ! s(t] z well z to ^? ( ! /rong] sex4 ,communities :i* h kept its rules1 z well z individuals1 h be5 happy4 ,! ,*ri/ian ideal ( "* & life w5t ess5tially un*ang$ ?r\gh ! viol5ce ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! vices ( ! ,papacy4 ,x 0 some:at p]v]t$ by asceticism2 b x 0 radically ! same "* 9 ,anselm or 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 z x is 9 _! c\nt]p>ts n[4 ,nor does x seem to lose by r5unciation ( !ological dogma4 ,! moral pr9ciples & aspirations ( good free ?9k]s or ,positivi/s rema9 /ill ess5tially ,*ri/ian4 ,! e?ical ideal :i* is n[ be+ set up aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian app>5tly1 is t ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 lit]ature & art ,greece1 or r ,a!ns1 or1 to speak /ill m correctly1 a limit$ numb] ( free citiz5s 9 ,a!ns1 0 pre-em95t3 b its pre-em95ce1 if we may tru/ its own morali/s1 h>dly ext5d$ to morals4 ,may #crd1 #aijh4