,libr>y1 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 ,,appli$ ,,eug5ics ,,by ,,paul ,,pop5oe ,,editor ,,( ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,h]$ity 7,,organ ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,g5etic ,,association71 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,& ,,roswell ,,hill ,,johnson ,,pr(essor ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,pittsburg ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,atlanta - ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto #aiah ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,octob]1 #aiah4 ,,preface ,! sci5ce ( eug5ics consi/s ( a f\ndation ( biology & a sup]/ructure ( sociology4 ,galton1 its f\nd]1 emphasiz$ bo? p>ts 9 due proportion4 ,until rec5tly1 h[ev]1 mo/ sociologi/s h be5 ei!r indiff]5t or ho/ile to eug5ics1 & ! sci5ce has be5 left = ! mo/ "p 9 ! h&s ( biologi/s1 :o h naturally work$ mo/ on ! f\ndations & neglect$ ! sup]/ructure4 ,al?\gh we are n dispos$ to m9imize ! importance ( ! biological "p1 we ?9k x desirable t ! means ( apply+ ! biological pr9ciples %\ld be m c>efully /udi$4 ,! read] ( ?is book w1 consequ5tly1 f9d only a summ>y explanation ( ! me*anism ( inh]itance4 ,emphasis has r be5 laid on ! practical means by :i* society may enc\rage ! reproduction ( sup]ior p]sons & disc\rage t ( inf]iors4 ,we assume t 9 g5]al1 a eug5ically sup]ior or desirable p]son has1 to a great] degree ?an ! av]age1 ! g]m9al basis = ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics3 to live pa/ maturity1 to reproduce adequately1 to live happily & to make contributions to ! productivity1 happ9ess1 & progress ( society4 ,x is desirable to discrim9ate z mu* z possible betwe5 ! possession ( ! g]m9al basis & ! obs]v$ a*ievem5t1 s9ce ! latt] consi/s ( ! =m] plus or m9us environm5tal influ5ce4 ,b :]e ! am\nt ( modification is too obscure to be detect$1 x is advantage\s to take ! demon/rat$ a*ievem5t z a t5tative measure ( ! g]m9al basis4 ,! problem ( eug5ics is to make su* legal1 social & economic adju/m5ts t 7#a7 a l>g] proportion ( sup]ior p]sons w h *ildr5 ?an at pres5t1 7#b7 t ! av]age numb] ( (fspr+ ( ea* sup]ior p]son w be great] ?an at pres5t1 7#c7 t ! mo/ inf]ior p]sons w h no *ildr51 & f9ally t 7#d7 o!r inf]ior p]sons w h few] *ildr5 ?an n[4 ,! sci5ce ( eug5ics is /ill "y & mu* ( its program mu/ be t5tative & subject to ! te/ ( actual exp]im5t4 ,x is m important t ! /ud5t acquire ! habit ( look+ at society f a biological z well z a sociological po9t ( view1 ?an t he put 8 fai? 9 ! efficacy ( any p>ticul> mode ( proc$ure4 ,! ess5tial po9ts ( our eug5ics program 7 laid d[n by ,pr(essor ,johnson 9 an article entitl$ ,human ,evolution & its ,control 9 ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly = ,janu>y1 #aiaj4 ,consid]able p>ts ( ! mat]ial 9 ! pres5t book h appe>$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity4 ,helpful sugge/ions & criticism h be5 receiv$ f sev]al fri5ds1 9 p>ticul> ,sewall ,wright & ,o4 ,e4 ,bak] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,,paul ,,pop5oe4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,june1 #aiah4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface v ,,introduction ,,by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,ross xi ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,nature ,,or ,,nurture8 #a ,,ii4 ,,modification ,,( ,,! ,,g]m-,,plasm #be ,,iii4 ,,diff]5ces ,,among ,,m5 #ge ,,iv4 ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,( ,,m5tal ,,capacities #hd ,v4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,h]$ity #ii ,,vi4 ,,natural ,,selection #aaf ,,vii4 ,,orig9 ,,& ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,eug5ics ,,movem5t #adg ,,viii4 ,,desirability ,,( ,,re/rictive ,,eug5ics #afg ,,ix4 ,,! ,,dysg5ic ,,classes #agf ,x4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,re/riction #ahd ,,xi4 ,,! ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,sexual ,,selection #baa ,,xii4 ,,increas+ ,,! ,,m>riage ,,rate ,,( ,,! ,,sup]ior #bcg ,,xiii4 ,,increase ,,( ,,! ,,bir?-,,rate ,,( ,,! ,,sup]ior #bee ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,color ,,l9e #bhj ,,xv4 ,,immigration #bih ,,xvi4 ,,w> #cah ,,xvii4 ,,g5ealogy ,,& ,,eug5ics #cbi ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,eug5ic ,,aspect ,,( ,,"s ,,specific ,,re=ms #ceb ,,taxation #ceb ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,f>m ,,movem5t #cee ,,democracy #cfj ,,socialism #cfb ,,*ild ,,labor #cfh ,,compulsory ,,education #cfi ,,vocational ,,guidance ,,& ,,tra9+ #cga ,,m9imum ,,wage #cgd ,,"m',s ,,p5sions #cge ,,h\s+ #cgf ,,fem9ism #cgh ,,old ,,age ,,p5sions #chd ,,sex ,,hygi5e ,,movem5t #che ,,trades ,,unionism #chh ,,prohibition #chi ,,p$agogical ,,celibacy #cij ,,xix4 ,,religion ,,& ,,eug5ics #cic ,,xx4 ,,eug5ics ,,& ,,eu!nics #djb ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,ov>ian ,,transplantation #dai ,b4 ,,dynamic ,,evolution #dba ,c4 ,,! ,,melt+ ,,pot #dbd ,d4 ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,m5delism #dbi ,e4 ,,useful ,,works ,,( ,,ref]5ce #dcf ,f4 ,,gloss>y #dcg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,figure ,,page #a4 ,f\r ,baby ,girls at ,once #f #b4 ,! ,effect ( ,nurture 9 ,*ang+ ,nature #aj #c4 ,height 9 ,corn & ,m5 #ab #d4 ,:y ,m5 ,gr[ ,%ort or ,tall #ad #e4 ,b\nd ,foot ( a ,*9ese ,woman #db #f4 ,defective ,little ,toe ( a ,prehi/oric ,egyptian #db #g4 ,effect ( ,lead z a ,racial ,poison #fc #h4 ,di/ribution ( #aj-,ye>-,old ,s*ool ,*ildr5 #gf #i4 ,v>iation 9 ,ability #gg #aj4 ,orig9 ( a ,normal ,probability ,curve #gh #aa4 ,! ,*ance or ,probability ,=m ( ,di/ribution #gi #ab4 ,probability ,curve ) ,increas$ ,numb] ( ,/eps #hj #ac4 ,normal ,v>iability ,curve ,foll[+ ,law ( ,*ance #hj #ad4 ,cadets ,arrang$ to ,%[ ,normal ,curve ( ,v>iability #hb #ae4 ,v>iation 9 ,heights ( ,recruits to ! ,am]ican ,army #hb #af4 ,h[ ,d ,y ,clasp ,y\r ,h&s8 #ajj #ag4 ,! ,effect ( ,or?odactyly #ajb #ah4 ,a ,family ) ,or?odactyly #ajb #ai4 ,:ite ,blaze 9 ! ,hair #ajd #bj4 ,a ,family ( ,spott$ ,negroes #ajd #ba4 ,a ,human ,f+]-,tip #ajf #bb4 ,! ,limits ( ,h]$it>y ,control #ajf #bc4 ,! ,di/ribution ( ,intellig5ce #ajf #bd4 ,! ,tw9s ^: ,f+]-,pr9ts are ,%[n 9 ,fig4 #be #ajh #be4 ,f+]-,pr9ts ( ,tw9s #aaj #bf4 ,a ,home ( ! ,hickory ,family #afh #bg4 ,a ,*iefta9 ( ! ,hickory ,clan #agj #bh4 ,two ,juke ,homes ( ! ,pres5t ,day #agb #bi4 ,mongolian ,defici5cy #agd #cj4 ,feeble-,m9d$ ,m5 are ,capable ( ,mu* ,r\gh ,labor #aib #ca4 ,feeble-,m9d$ at a ,v9el& ,colony #aib #cb4 ,h[ ,beauty ,aids a ,girl's ,*ance ( ,m>riage #bae #cc4 ,intellig5t ,girls are ,mo/ ,likely to ,m>ry #baf #cd4 ,ye>s ,betwe5 ,graduation & ,m>riage #bag #ce4 ,! ,effect ( ,late ,m>riages #bah #cf4 ,wellesley ,graduates & ,non-,graduates #bdb #cg4 ,bir? ,rate ( ,h>v>d & ,yale ,graduates #bff #ch4 ,families ( ,prom95t ,me?odi/s #bfc #ci4 ,exam9+ ,immigrants at ,ellis ,isl&1 ,new ,york1 #cjc #dj4 ,l9e ( ,asc5t t ,c>ries ! ,family ,"n #cca #da4 ,! ,small ,value ( a ,fam\s1 b ,remote1 ,ance/or #cch #db4 ,hi/ory ( #ajj ,babies #cdd #dc4 ,adult ,morality #cde #dd4 ,influ5ce ( ,"m's ,age #cdg #de4 ,! ,mean ,man ( ! ,old ,:ite ,am]ican ,/ock #dbe #df4 ,! ,c>ri]s ( ,h]$ity #dca ,,introduction ,! ,great ,w> has caus$ a va/ de/ruction ( ! s\nd] portion ( ! bellig]5t peoples & x is c]ta9 t 9 ! next g5]ation ! prog5y ( _! weak] memb]s w con/itute a mu* l>g] proportion ( ! :ole ?an w\ld h be5 ! case if ! ,w> _h n occurr$4 ,ow+ to ?is immeasurable calamity t has befall5 ! :ite race1 ! "q ( eug5ics has ceas$ to be m]ely academic4 ,x looms l>ge :5ev] we consid] ! means ( avoid+ a /agnation or ev5 decl9e ( our civilization 9 consequ5ce ( ! losses ! ,w> has inflict$ ^u ! m valuable /ocks4 ,eug5ics is by no means t5d] ) e/abli%$ cu/oms & in/itutions1 & once x seem$ likely t its tea*+s w\ld be left = our gr&*ildr5 to act on4 ,b ! pl[%>e ( w> has turn$ up ! t\gh sod ( cu/om1 & n[ e s\nd new idea has a *ance4 ,root$ prejudices h be5 level$ l ! =e/s ( ,pic>dy "u gun fire4 ,! fe> ( racial decl9e provides ! eug5i/ ) a f> /rong] lev]age ?an did ! hope ( accel]at+ racial progress4 ,x may be1 !n1 t ow+ to ! ,w> eug5ic policies w ga9 z mu* gr\nd by ! middle ( ?is c5tury z )\t x !y w\ld h ga9$ by ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,?is book c\ld n h be5 writt5 t5 ye>s ago because _m ( ! data x relies on 7 n !n 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 view ( inquiries n[ go+ on1 we may reasonably hope t t5 ye>s h5ce x w be possible to make a mu* bett] book on ! subject4 ,b ,i am sure t ?is book is z good a pres5tation z c be made ( eug5ics at its pres5t /age ( developm5t4 ,! results ( all ! tru/wor?y obs]vations & exp]im5ts h be5 tak5 into acc\nt1 & ! te/+ ( human cu/oms & in/itutions 9 ! light ( biological pr9ciples tallies well ) ! sociology ( our times4 ,i _c und]/& h[ any consci5ti\s p]son1 deal+ 9 a l>ge way ) human life1 %\ld h ! h>dihood to ignore eug5ics4 ,?is book %\ld comm& ! att5tion n only ( /ud5ts ( sociology1 b1 z well1 ( philan?ropi/s1 social work]s1 settlem5t w>d5s1 doctors1 cl]gym51 educators1 editors1 publici/s1 ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 secret>ies & indu/rial eng9e]s4 ,x ought to lie at ! elb[ ( law-mak]s1 /atesm51 poor relief (ficials1 immigration inspectors1 judges ( juv5ile c\rts1 probation (fic]s1 memb]s ( /ate bo>ds ( control & heads ( *>itable & correctional in/itutions4 ,f9ally1 ! ?\ghtful ought to f9d 9 x guidance 9 _! problem ( mat+4 ,x w inspire ! sup]ior to rise above c]ta9 worldly ideals ( life & to aim at a family success r ?an an individual success4 ,,edw>d ,,alswor? ,,ross4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 ,madison1 ,wiscons9 ,july #aiah4 ,,appli$ ,,eug5ics ,,*apt] ,i ,,nature ,,or ,,nurture8 ,at ! ,fir/ ,race ,bett]m5t ,conf]5ce held at ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*41 _m me?ods 7 sugge/$ by :i* x 0 believ$ t ! p ( ,am]ica might be made1 on ! av]age1 heal?i]1 happi]1 & m effici5t4 ,"o aft]noon ! discussion turn$ to ! *ildr5 ( ! slums4 ,_! condition 0 pictur$ 9 d>k colors4 ,a numb] ( eug5i/s rem>k$ t !y 7 9 _m cases h&icapp$ by a poor h]$ity4 ,!n ,jacob ,riis--a man = :om e ,am]ican mu/ feel a pr(\nd admiration--/rode ^u ! plat=m1 fill$ ) indignation4 ,we h he>d fri5ds "h talk ab\t h]$ity1 he exclaim$4 ,! ^w has rung 9 my e>s until ,i am sick ( x4 ,h]$ity6 ,h]$ity6 ,!re is j "o h]$ity 9 all ! _w t is ours--we are *ildr5 ( ,god1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! :ole big _w t we _c d 9 ,8 s]vice ) x4 ,x is probably n beyond ! tru? to say t 9 ?is /atem5t ,jacob ,riis voic$ ! op9ion ( a majority ( ! social work]s ( ?is c\ntry1 & likewise a majority ( ! p :o are fai?fully & ) mu* self-sacrifice support+ *>ities1 uplift movem5ts1 re=m legislation1 & philan?ropic attempts at social bett]m5t 9 _m directions4 ,!y suppose t !y are at ! same "t mak+ ! race bett] by mak+ ! conditions bett] 9 :i* p live4 ,x is widely suppos$ t1 al?\gh nature may h di/ribut$ "s h&icaps at bir?1 !y c be remov$ if ! body is prop]ly w>m$ & f$ & ! m9d prop]ly ex]cis$4 ,x is fur!r widely suppos$ t ?is improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! individual w result 9 8 production ( bett] infants1 & t ?us ! race1 ga9+ a little mom5tum 9 ea* g5]ation1 w gradually move on t[>d ultimate p]fection4 ,!re is no lack ( ef=ts to improve ! race1 by ?is me?od ( direct *ange ( ! environm5t4 ,x involves two assumptions1 :i* are sometimes made explicitly1 sometimes m]ely tak5 = grant$4 ,^! are3 #a4 ,t *anges 9 a man's surr\nd+s1 or1 to use ! m te*nical biological t]m1 9 8 nurture1 w *ange ! nature t he has inh]it$4 #b4 ,t su* *anges w fur!r be transmitt$ to 8 *ildr54 ,any "o :o proposes me?ods ( race bett]m5t1 z we d 9 ! pres5t book1 mu/ meet ^! two popul> beliefs4 ,we %all !re=e exam9e ! fir/ ( !m 9 ?is *apt]1 & ! second 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,galton adopt$ & popul>iz$ ,%akesp]e's anti!sis ( nature & nurture to describe a man's inh]itance & 8 surr\nd+s1 ! two t]ms includ+ ev]y?+ t c p]ta9 to a human be+4 ,! words are n :olly suitable1 p>ticul>ly s9ce nature has two di/9ct mean+s1--human nature & ext]nal nature4 ,! fir/ is ! only "o consid]$ by ,galton4 ,fur!r1 nurture is capable ( subdivision into ^? environm5tal influ5ces :i* d n und]go mu* *ange1--e4g41 soil & climate1--& ^? =ces ( civilization & education :i* might bett] be describ$ z culture4 ,! evolutioni/ has really to deal ) ! ?ree factors ( g]m-plasm1 physical surr\nd+s & culture4 ,b ,galton's phrase is s widely curr5t t we %all cont9ue to use x1 ) ! implications t h j be5 outl9$4 ,! anti!sis ( nature & nurture is n a new "o2 x 0 met long ago by biologi/s & settl$ by !m to _! own satisfaction4 ,! :ole body ( exp]im5tal & obs]vational evid5ce 9 biology t5ds to %[ t ! *>act]s :i* ! individual inh]its f 8 ance/ors rema9 rem>kably con/ant 9 all ord9>y conditions to :i* !y may be subject$4 ,_! con/ancy is r\ghly proportionate to ! place ( ! animal 9 ! scale ( evolution2 l[] =ms are m easily *ang$ by outside influ5ce1 b z "o asc5ds to ! high] =ms1 :i* are m diff]5tiat$1 x is f\nd m & m difficult to effect any *ange 9 !m4 ,_! *>act]s are m def9itely fix$ at bir?4#a ,x is ) ! highe/ ( all =ms1 ,man1 t we h n[ to deal4 ,! /ud5t 9 biology is n likely to d\bt t ! diff]5ces 9 m5 are due mu* m to inh]it$ nature ?an to any influ5ces br\ght to be> aft] bir?1 ev5 ?\gh ^! latt] influ5ces include su* p[]ful ones z nutrition & education )9 ord9>y limits4 ,b ! biological evid5ce does n l5d itself readily to summ>y treatm5t1 & we %all !re=e exam9e ! "q by /ati/ical me?ods4#b ,^! h ! fur!r advantage ( be+ m easily und]/ood2 = facts :i* c be measur$ & express$ 9 numb]s are facts ^: import ! read] c usually decide = himself3 he is p]fectly able to det]m9e1 )\t any special tra9+1 :e!r twice two does or does n make f\r4 ,"o fur!r prelim9>y rem>k3 ! problem ( nature vs4 nurture c n be solv$ 9 g5]al t]ms2 a mom5t's ?\ght w %[ t x c be und]/ood only by exam9+ "o trait at a "t4 ,! problem is to decide :e!r ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! p met 9 ev]yday life are due m to inh]itance or to outside influ5ces1 & ^! diff]5ces mu/ naturally be exam9$ sep>ately2 !y c n be lump$ toge!r4 ,to ask :e!r nature 9 g5]al contributes m to a man ?an nurture is futile2 b x is n at all futile to ask :e!r ! diff]5ces 9 a giv5 human trait are m affect$ by diff]5ces 9 nature ?an by diff]5ces 9 nurture4 ,x is easy to see t a v]dict may be sometimes giv5 to "o side1 sometimes to ! o!r4 ,alb9ism 9 animals1 = in/ance1 is a trait :i* is kn[n to be inh]it$1 & :i* is v slightly affect$ by diff]5ces ( climate1 food supply1 etc4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are factors :i*1 al?\gh hav+ inh]it$ bases1 owe _! expression almo/ :olly to outside influ5ces4 ,pr(essor ,morgan1 = example1 has f\nd a /ra9 ( fruit flies ^: (fspr+ 9 cold wea!r are usually born ) sup]num]>y legs4 ,9 hot wea!r !y are practically normal4 ,if ?is /ra9 7 br$ only 9 ! tropics1 ! abnormality w\ld probably n be notic$2 on ! o!r h&1 if x 7 br$ only 9 cold regions1 x w\ld be set d[n z "o *>act]iz$ by duplication ( limbs4 ,! h]$ity factor w\ld be ! same 9 ea* case1 ! diff]5ce 9 appe>ance be+ due m]ely to temp]ature4 ,m]e inspection does n always tell :e!r "s feature ( an individual is m affect$ by *anges 9 h]$ity or *anges 9 surr\nd+s4 ,on see+ a sw>?y man1 "o may suppose t he comes ( a sw>?y race1 or t he is a fair-sk9n$ man :o has liv$ long 9 ! des]t4 ,9 ! "o case ! sw>?9ess w\ld be inh]itable1 9 ! o!r n4 ,:i* explanation is correct1 c only be told by exam9+ a numb] ( su* individuals "u critical conditions1 or by an exam9ation ( ! ance/ry4 ,a man f a d>k-sk9n$ race w\ld become little d>k] by liv+ "u ! des]t sun1 :ile a :ite man w\ld take on a good deal ( tan4 ,! limit$ effect ( nurture 9 *ang+ nature is 9 "s fields a matt] ( common obs]vation4 ,! man :o works 9 ! gymnasium kn[s t ex]cise increases ! /r5g? ( a giv5 gr\p ( muscles = a :ile1 b n indef9itely4 ,!re comes a "t :5 ! limit ( a man's h]$it>y pot5tiality is rea*$1 & no am\nt ( ex]cise w add ano!r millimet] to ! circumf]5ce ( 8 arm4 ,simil>ly ! h&ball or t5nis play] "s day rea*es 8 highe/ po9t1 z d runn]s or race horses4 ,a tra9] c\ld br+ ,ar?ur ,duffy 9 a few ye>s to ! po9t ( runn+ a hundr$ y>ds 9 #i-c_/e seconds1 b no am\nt ( tra9+ aft] t c\ld clip (f ano!r fif? ( a second4 ,a p>allel case is f\nd 9 ! /ud5ts :o take a college exam9ation4 ,half a doz5 ( !m may h devot$ ! same am\nt ( "t to x--may h cramm$ to ! limit--b !y w /ill receive widely diff]5t m>ks4 ,^! commonplace cases %[ t nurture has seem+ly "s p[] to mold ! individual1 by giv+ 8 inborn possibilities a *ance to express !mselves1 b t nature says ! fir/ & la/ ^w4 ,francis ,galton1 ! fa!r ( eug5ics1 hit on an +5i\s & m conv9c+ illu/ration by /udy+ ! hi/ory ( tw9s4#c ,!re are1 ev]yday obs]vation %[s1 two k9ds ( tw9s--ord9>y tw9s & ! s-call$ id5tical tw9s4 ,ord9>y tw9s are m]ely bro!rs1 or si/]s1 or bro!r & si/]1 :o happ5 to be born two at a "t1 because two ova h develop$ simultane\sly4 ,! fact t !y 7 born at ! same "t does n make !m alike--!y diff] q z widely f ea* o!r z ord9>y bro!rs & si/]s d4 ,id5tical tw9s h _! orig9 9 a diff]5t ph5om5on--!y are believ$ to be halves ( ! same egg-cell1 9 :i* two gr[+-po9ts appe>$ at a v e>ly embryonic /age1 ea* ( ^! develop+ into a sep>ate individual4 ,z w\ld be expect$1 ^! id5tical tw9s are always ( ! same sex1 & extremely l ea* o!r1 s t sometimes _! own "m c n tell !m ap>t4 ,?is lik5ess ext5ds to all sorts ( traits3--!y h lo/ _! milk tee? on ! same day 9 "o case1 !y ev5 fell ill on ! same day ) ! same disease1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 9 diff]5t cities4 ,n[ ,galton reason$ t if environm5t really *anges ! inborn "*1 !n ^! id5tical tw9s1 :o />t life z halves ( ! same :ole1 ought to become m unlike if !y 7 br\ght up ap>t2 & z !y grew old] & mov$ into diff]5t sph]es ( activity1 !y ought to become measurably dissimil>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ord9>y tw9s1 :o />t dissimil>1 ought to become m alike :5 br\ght up 9 ! same family1 on ! same diet1 among ! same fri5ds1 ) ! same education4 ,if ! c\rse ( ye>s %[s t id5tical tw9s rema9 z l z ev] & ord9>y tw9s z unlike z ev]1 reg>dless ( *anges 9 conditions1 !n environm5t w h fail$ to demon/rate t x has any great p[] to modify "o's inborn nature 9 ^! traits4 ,) ?is view1 ,galton collect$ ! hi/ory ( eighty pairs ( id5tical tw9s1 ?irty-five cases be+ accompani$ by v full details1 :i* %[$ t ! tw9s 7 really z ne>ly id5tical1 9 *ildhood1 z "o c\ld expect to f9d4 ,on ?is po9t1 ,galton's inquiries 7 c>eful1 & ! replies satisfactory4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 z he rem>ks1 mu* v>i$ 9 "*4 ,:5 ! tw9s are *ildr51 !y are usually di/+ui%$ by ribbons ti$ ar\nd ! wri/ or neck2 nev]!less ! "o is sometimes f$1 physick$1 & :ipp$ by mi/ake = ! o!r1 & ! description ( ^! little dome/ic cata/rophes 0 usually giv5 by ! "m1 9 a phraseology1 t is sometimes t\*+ by reason ( its s]i\sness4 ,i h "o case 9 :i* a d\bt rema9s :e!r ! *ildr5 7 n *ang$ 9 _! ba?1 & ! presum$ ,a is n really ,b1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 ano!r case1 an arti/ 0 engag$ on ! portraits ( tw9s :o 7 betwe5 ?ree & f\r ye>s ( age2 he _h to lay aside 8 "w = ?ree weeks1 &1 on resum+ x1 c\ld n tell to :i* *ild ! respective lik5ess he _h 9 h& belong$4 ,! mi/akes become less num]\s on ! "p ( ! "m dur+ ! boyhood & girlhood ( ! tw9s1 b are almo/ z frequ5t z be=e on ! "p ( /rang]s4 ,i h _m in/ances ( tutors be+ unable to di/+ui% _! tw9 pupils4 ,two girls us$ regul>ly to impose on _! music tea*] :5 "o ( !m want$ a :ole holiday2 !y _h _! lessons at sep>ate h\rs1 & ! "o girl sacrific$ h]self to receive two lessons on ! same day1 :ile ! o!r "o enjoy$ h]self f morn+ to ev5+4 ,"h is a brief & compreh5sive acc\nt3 ',exactly alike 9 all1 _! s*oolma/]s c\ld nev] tell !m ap>t2 at danc+ p>ties !y con/antly *ang$ p>tn]s )\t discov]y2 _! close resemblance is sc>cely dim9i%$ by age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f\r ,,baby ,,girls ,,at ,,once ,,fig4 #a4--,^! quadruplet daught]s 7 born to ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,f4 ,m4 ,keys1 ,hollis1 ,okla41 on ,july #d1 #aiae1 & 7 sev5 mon?s old :5 ! photograph 0 tak54 ,up to t "t !y _h nev] _h any o!r n\ri%m5t ?an _! "m's milk4 ,_! weights at bir? 7 z foll[s 7read+ f left to "r73 ,rob]ta1 #d p\nds2 ,mona1 #d-a_/b p\nds2 ,m>y1 #d-a_/d p\nds2 ,leota1 #c-c_/d p\nds4 ,:5 photograph$1 ,rob]ta weigh$ #af p\nds & ea* ( ! o!rs weigh$ #af-a_/d4 ,_! aunt v\*es = ! fact t ! c>e ( ! f\r is less tr\ble ?an a s+le baby (t5 makes4 ,! "m has _h no previ\s plural bir?s1 al?\gh %e has borne f\r *ildr5 prior to ^!4 ,h] own "m _h b two *ildr51 a son & a daught]1 & !re is no record ( tw9s on ! "m's side4 ,! fa!r ( ! quadruplets is "o ( twelve *ildr51 among :om is "o pair ( tw9s4 ,x is kn[n t tw9n+ is l>gely due to inh]itance1 & x w\ld seem t ! appe>ance ( ^! quadruplets is due to ! h]$it>y influ5ce ( ! fa!r r ?an ! "m4 ,if ?is is ! case1 !n ! f\r girls mu/ all h come f "o egg-cell1 :i* split up at an e>ly /age4 ,note ! uni=m %ape ( ! m\?1 & ! e>s1 set unusually l[ on ! head4 ,! foll[+ is a typical s*oolboy anecdote3 ',two tw9s 7 fond ( play+ tricks1 & compla9ts 7 frequ5tly made2 b ! boys w\ld nev] own :i* 0 ! guilty "o1 & ! compla9ants 7 nev] c]ta9 :i* ( ! two x 04 ,"o head ma/] us$ to say he w\ld nev] flog ! innoc5t = ! guilty1 & ! o!r us$ to flog !m bo?4' ,no less ?an n9e anecdotes h rea*$ me ( a tw9 see+ 8 or h] reflection 9 ! look+-glass1 & address+ x 9 ! belief t x 0 ! o!r tw9 9 p]son4 ,*ildr5 are usually quick 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 _! p>5t & 8 or h] tw92 b ,i h two cases to ! contr>y4 ,?us1 ! daught] ( a tw9 says3 ',su* 0 ! m>vel\s simil>ity ( _! features1 voice1 mann]1 etc41 t ,i rememb]1 z a *ild1 be+ v mu* puzzl$1 & ,i ?9k1 _h my aunt liv$ mu* ) u1 ,i %\ld h end$ by ?9k+ ,i _h two mo!rs6' ,9 ! o!r case1 a fa!r :o 0 a tw91 rem>ks ( himself & 8 bro!r3 ',we 7 extremely alike1 & are s at ?is mom5t1 s mu* s t our *ildr5 up to five & six ye>s old did n "k u ap>t4' ,among my ?irty-five detail$ cases ( close simil>ity1 !re are no less ?an sev5 9 :i* bo? tw9s suff]$ f "s special ailm5t or _h "s exceptional peculi>ity4 ,bo? tw9s are apt to sick5 at ! same "t 9 no less ?an n9e out ( ! ?irty-five cases4 ,ei!r _! illnesses1 to :i* ,i ref]1 7 non-contagi\s1 or1 if contagi\s1 ! tw9s caught !m simultane\sly2 !y did n cat* !m ! "o f ! o!r4 ,simil>ity 9 association ( ideas1 9 ta/es & habits 0 equally close4 ,9 %ort1 _! resemblances 7 n sup]ficial1 b extremely intimate1 bo? 9 m9d & body1 :ile !y 7 "y2 !y 7 re>$ almo/ exactly alike up to _! e>ly manhood & womanhood4 ,!n !y sep>at$ into diff]5t walks ( life4 ,did ?is *ange ( ! environm5t alt] _! inborn "*8 ,= ! detail$ evid5ce1 "o %\ld consult ,galton's own acc\nt2 we give only 8 conclusions3 ,9 _m cases ! resemblance ( body & m9d cont9u$ unalt]$ up to old age1 not)/&+ v diff]5t conditions ( life2 9 o!rs a sev]e disease 0 suffici5t to acc\nt = "s *ange notic$4 ,o!r dissimil>ity t develop$1 ,galton _h reason to believe1 0 due to ! developm5t ( inborn *>act]s t appe>$ late 9 life4 ,he !re=e felt ju/ifi$ 9 broadly conclud+ t ! only circum/ance1 )9 ! range ( ^? by :i* p]sons ( simil> conditions ( life are affect$1 t is capable ( produc+ a m>k$ effect on ! "* ( adults1 is illness or "s accid5t :i* causes physical infirmity4 ,! tw9s :o closely resembl$ ea* o!r 9 *ildhood & e>ly y\?1 & 7 re>$ "u n v dissimil> conditions1 ei!r gr[ unlike ?r\gh ! developm5t ( natural t is1 inh]it$ *>act]i/ics :i* _h la9 dormant at fir/1 or else !y cont9ue _! lives1 keep+ "t l two wat*es1 h>dly to be ?r[n out ( accord except by "s physical j>4 ,"h 0 a di/9ct failure ( nurture to modify ! inborn nature4 ,we next consid] ! ord9>y tw9s :o 7 unlike f ! />t4 ,galton _h tw5ty su* cases1 giv5 ) mu* detail4 ,x is a fact1 he obs]ves1 t extreme dissimil>ity1 su* z exi/$ betwe5 ,jacob & ,esau1 is a no less m>k$ peculi>ity ( tw9s ( ! same sex ?an extreme simil>ity4 ,! "* ( ! evid5ce z a :ole may be fairly convey$ by a few quotations3 7#a7 ,"o p>5t says3 ,!y h _h exactly ! same nurture f _! bir? up to ! pres5t "t2 !y are bo? p]fectly heal?y & /rong1 yet !y are o!rwise z dissimil> z two boys c\ld be1 physically1 m5tally1 & 9 _! emotional nature4 7#b7 ,i c answ] mo/ decid$ly t ! tw9s h be5 p]fectly dissimil> 9 "*1 habits1 & lik5ess f ! mom5t ( _! bir? to ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh !y 7 nurs$ by ! same woman1 w5t to s*ool toge!r1 & 7 nev] sep>at$ until ! age ( ?irte54 7#c7 ,!y h nev] be5 sep>at$1 nev] ! lea/ diff]5tly treat$ 9 food1 clo?+1 or education2 bo? tee!d at ! same "t1 bo? _h measles1 :oop+ c\gh1 & sc>lat9a at ! same "t1 & nei!r has _h any o!r s]i\s illness4 ,bo? are & h be5 exce$+ly heal?y1 & h good abilities2 yet !y diff] z mu* f ea* o!r 9 m5tal ca/ z any "o ( my family diff]s f ano!r4 7#d7 ,v dissimil> 9 m9d & body2 ! "o is quiet1 retir+1 & sl[ b sure2 good-temp]$1 b dispos$ to be sulky :5 provok$2--! o!r is quick1 vivaci\s1 =w>d1 acquir+ easily & =gett+ soon2 quick-temp]$ & *ol]ic1 b quickly =giv+ & =gett+4 ,!y h be5 educat$ toge!r & nev] sep>at$4 7#e7 ,!y 7 nev] alike ei!r 9 m9d or body1 & _! dissimil>ity increases daily4 ,! ext]nal influ5ces h be5 id5tical2 !y h nev] be5 sep>at$4 7#f7 ,! two si/]s are v diff]5t 9 ability & disposition4 ,! "o is retir+1 b firm & det]m9$2 %e has no ta/e = music or draw+4 ,! o!r is ( an active1 excitable temp]am5t2 %e displays an unusual am\nt ( quickness & tal5t1 & is passionately fond ( music & draw+4 ,f infancy1 !y h be5 r>ely sep>at$ ev5 at s*ool1 & z *ildr5 visit+ _! fri5ds1 !y always w5t toge!r4 ,& s on4 ,n a s+le case 0 f\nd 9 :i* orig9ally dissimil> *>act]s became assimilat$1 al?\gh submitt$ to exactly ! same influ5ces4 ,review+ ! evid5ce 9 8 usual cauti\s way1 ,galton decl>$1 ,!re is no escape f ! conclusion t nature prevails enorm\sly ov] nurture1 :5 ! diff]5ces ( nurture d n exce$ :at is commonly to be f\nd among p]sons ( ! same rank 9 society & 9 ! same c\ntry4 ,?is k9d ( evid5ce 0 a good />t = eug5ics b z ! sci5ce grew1 x outgrew su* evid5ce4 ,x no long] want$ to be told1 no matt] h[ m9ute ! details1 t nature prevails enorm\sly ov] nurture4 ,x want$ to "k exactly h[ mu*4 ,x refus$ to be satisfi$ ) ! /atem5t t a c]ta9 quantity 0 l>ge2 x dem&$ t x be measur$ or weigh$4 ,s ,galton1 ,k>l ,pe>son & o!r ma!maticians devis$ means ( do+ ?is1 & !n ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,l4 ,?orndike ( ,columbia ,univ]sity took up ,galton's problem aga91 ) m ref9$ me?ods4 ,! tool us$ by ,pr(essor ,?orndike 0 ! coeffici5t ( correlation1 :i* %[s ! am\nt ( resemblance or association betwe5 any two ?+s t are capable ( measurem5t1 & is express$ 9 ! =m ( a decimal fraction some:]e betwe5 #j & ! unit #a4 ,z]o %[s t !re is no con/ant resemblance at all betwe5 ! two ?+s conc]n$1--t !y are :olly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 :ile #a %[s t !y are completely dep5d5t on ea* o!r1 a condition t r>ely exi/s1 ( c\rse4#d ,= in/ance1 ! correlation betwe5 ! "r & left femur 9 man's legs is 4#ih4 ,pr(essor ,?orndike f\nd 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools fifty pairs ( tw9s ( ab\t ! same age & measur$ ! clos5ess ( _! resemblance 9 eight physical *>act]s1 & also 9 six m5tal *>act]s1 ! latt] be+ measur$ by ! pr(ici5cy ) :i* ! subjects p]=m$ v>i\s te/s4 ,!n *ildr5 ( ! same age & sex1 pick$ at r&om f ! same s*ools1 7 measur$ 9 ! same way4 ,x 0 ?us possible to tell h[ mu* m alike tw9s 7 ?an ord9>y *ildr5 9 ! same environm5t4#e ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,nurture ,,9 ,,*ang+ ,,nature ,,fig4 #b4--;,corn ( a s+le v>iety 7,leam+ ,d5t7 gr[n 9 two plots3 at ! left spac$ f> ap>t 9 hills1 at ! "r cr[d$4 ,! =m] gr[s to its full pot5tial height1 ! latt] is /unt$4 ,! size diff]5ces 9 ! two plots are due to diff]5ces 9 environm5t1 ! h]$ity 9 bo? cases be+ ! same4 ,plants are mu* m susceptible to nutritional influ5ces on size ?an are mammals1 b to a less degree nutrition has a simil> effect on man4 ,photograph f ,a4 ,f4 ,blakeslee4 ,if n[ ^! resemblances are due to ! fact t ! two memb]s ( any tw9 pair are treat$ alike at home1 h ! same p>5tal models1 att5d ! same s*ool & are subject 9 g5]al to closely simil> environm5tal conditions1 !n 7#a7 tw9s %\ld1 up to ! age ( leav+ home1 gr[ m & m alike1 & 9 our measurem5ts ! tw9s #ac & #ad ye>s old %\ld be mu* m alike ?an ^? #i & #aj ye>s old4 ,aga9 7#b7 if simil>ity 9 tra9+ is ! cause ( simil>ity 9 m5tal traits1 ord9>y frat]nal pairs n ov] f\r or five ye>s ap>t 9 age %\ld %[ a resemblance some:at ne>ly z great z tw9 pairs1 = ! home & s*ool condition ( a pair ( ! =m] w n be mu* less simil> ?an ^? ( a pair ( ! latt]4 ,aga91 7#c7 if tra9+ is ! cause1 tw9s %\ld %[ great] resemblance 9 ! case ( traits mu* subject to tra9+1 su* z ability 9 addition or multiplication1 ?an 9 traits less subject to tra9+1 su* z quickness 9 m>k+ (f ! ,a's on a %eet ( pr9t$ capitals1 or 9 writ+ ! opposites ( words4 ,! data 7 elaborately analyz$ f _m po9ts ( view4 ,!y %[$ 7#a7 t ! tw9s #ab-ad ye>s old 7 n any m alike ?an ! tw9s #i-aa ye>s old1 al?\gh !y ought to h be51 if environm5t has great p[] to mold ! "* dur+ ^! s-call$ pla/ic ye>s ( *ildhood4 ,!y %[$ 7#b7 t ! resemblance betwe5 tw9s 0 two or ?ree times z great z betwe5 ord9>y *ildr5 ( ! same age & sex1 br\ght up "u simil> environm5t4 ,!re seems to be no reason1 except h]$ity1 :y tw9s %\ld be m alike4 ,! data %[$ 7#c7 t ! tw9s 7 no m alike 9 traits subject to mu* tra9+ ?an 9 traits subject to little or no tra9+4 ,_! a*ievem5t 9 ^! traits 0 det]m9$ by _! h]$ity2 tra9+ did n measurably alt] ^! h]$it>y pot5tialities4 ,! facts1 ,pr(essor ,?orndike wrote1 are easily1 simply & completely expla9$ by "o simple hypo!sis2 namely1 t ! nature ( ! g]m-cells--! conditions ( conception--cause :atev] simil>ities & diff]5ces exi/ 9 ! orig9al natures ( m51 t ^! conditions influ5ce m9d & body equally1 & t 9 life ! diff]5ces 9 modification ( m9d & body produc$ by su* diff]5ces z obta9 betwe5 ! environm5ts ( pres5t-day ,new ,york ,city public s*ool *ildr5 are slight4 ,! inf]5ces1 he says1 ) respect to ! enorm\s importance ( orig9al nature 9 det]m9+ ! behavior & a*ievem5ts ( any man 9 comp>ison ) 8 fell[s ( ! same p]iod ( civilization & conditions ( life are obvi\s4 ,all !ories ( human life mu/ accept z a fir/ pr9ciple ! fact t human be+s at bir? diff] enorm\sly 9 m5tal capacities & t ^! diff]5ces are l>gely due to simil> diff]5ces 9 _! ance/ry4 ,all attempts to *ange human nature mu/ accept z _! mo/ important condition ! limits set by orig9al nature to ea* individual4 ,meantime o!r inve/igators1 pr9cipally foll[]s ( ,k>l ,pe>son 9 ,engl&1 7 work+ out correlation coeffici5ts 9 o!r l9es ( rese>* = hundr$s ( diff]5t traits4 ,z we %[ 9 m detail 9 ,*apt] ,,iv1 x 0 f\nd1 no matt] :at physical or m5tal trait 0 measur$1 t ! coeffici5t ( correlation betwe5 p>5t & *ild 0 a little less ?an 4#e & t ! coeffici5t betwe5 bro!r & bro!r1 or si/] & si/]1 or bro!r & si/]1 0 a little m ?an 4#e4 ,on ! av]age ( _m cases ! mean nature value1 ! coeffici5t ( direct h]$ity1 0 plac$ at 4#ea4 ,?is gave ano!r means ( measur+ nurture1 = x 0 also possible to measure ! relation betwe5 any trait 9 ! *ild & "s factor 9 ! environm5t4 ,a specific in/ance w make ?is cle>]4 ,gr\ps ( s*ool *ildr5 usually %[ an appall+ p]c5tage ( %ort-sight$ness4 ,n[ suppose x is sugge/$ t ?is is because !y are all[$ to le>n to read at too e>ly an age4 ,"o c f9d out ! age at :i* any giv5 *ild did le>n to read1 & "w out ! coeffici5t ( correlation betwe5 ?is age & ! *ild's am\nt ( myopia4 ,if ! relation betwe5 !m is v close--say 4#g or 4#h--;x w be evid5t t ! e>li] a *ild le>ns to read1 ! m %ort-sight$ he is z he gr[s old]4 ,?is w n prove a relation ( cause & effect1 b x w at lea/ create a great suspicion4 ,if on ! contr>y ! correlation is v slight1 x w be evid5t t e>ly read+ has little to d ) ! prevalance ( defective vision among s*ool *ildr54 ,if inve/igators simil>ly "w out all ! o!r correlations t c be sugge/$1 f9d+ :e!r !re is any regul> relation betwe5 myopia & ov]cr[d+1 long h\rs ( /udy1 g5]al economic conditions at home1 g5]al physical or moral conditions ( p>5ts1 ! "t ! *ild sp5ds out ( doors1 etc41 & if no important relation is f\nd betwe5 ^! v>i\s factors & myopia1 x w be evid5t t no factor ( ! environm5t :i* "o c ?9k ( z likely to cause ! tr\ble really acc\nts = ! poor eyesight ( s*ool *ildr54 ,illu/ration3 ,,height ,,9 ,,corn ,,& ,,m5 ,,fig4 #c4--;,an unusually %ort & an unusually tall man1 photograph$ beside extreme v>ieties ( corn :i*1 l ! m51 owe _! diff]5ces 9 height indisputably to h]$ity r ?an to environm5t4 ,no imag9able environm5tal diff]5ces c\ld rev]se ! positions ( ^! two m51 or ( ^! two v>ieties ( corn1 ! h]$ity 9 ea* case be+ :at x is4 ,! l>ge "o might be /unt$1 b ! small "o c\ld n be made mu* l>g]4 ,photograph f ,a4 ,f4 ,blakeslee4 ,?is has actually be5 done1#f & none ( ! conditions enum]at$ has be5 f\nd to be closely relat$ to myopia 9 s*ool *ildr54 ,correlations betwe5 fifte5 environm5tal conditions & ! goodness ( *ildr5's eyesight 7 measur$1 & only 9 "o case 0 ! correlation z high z 4#a4 ,! mean ( ^! correlations 0 ab\t 4#jd--;an absolutely negligible quantity :5 comp>$ ) ! common h]$ity coeffici5t ( 4#ea4 ,does ?is prove t ! myopia is r due to h]$ity8 ,x w\ld1 by a process ( exclusion1 if e conceivable environm5tal factor _h be5 measur$ & f\nd want+4 ,t po9t 9 ! inve/igation c nev] be rea*$1 b a trem5d\sly /rong suspicion is at lea/ ju/ifi$4 ,n[ if ! degree ( resemblance betwe5 ! preval5ce ( myopia 9 p>5ts & t 9 *ildr5 be directly measur$1 & if x be f\nd t :5 ! p>5t has eye tr\ble ! *ild also has x1 !n x seems t a g5]al k ( h]$ity %\ld lead to ! belief t ! difficulty lies !re1 & t an environm5tal cause = ! poor vision ( ! s*ool *ild 0 be+ s\ght1 :5 x 0 all ! "t due almo/ entirely to h]$ity4 ,?is f9al /ep has n yet be5 complet$ 9 an adequate way1#g b ! evid5ce1 p>tly analogical1 gives e reason to believe 9 ! s\ndness ( ! conclusion /at$1 t 9 mo/ cases ! s*oolboy mu/ we> glasses because ( 8 h]$ity1 n because ( ov]/udy or any neglect on ! "p ( 8 p>5ts to c>e = 8 eyes prop]ly dur+ 8 *ildhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:y ,,m5 ,,gr[ ,,%ort ,,or ,,tall ,,fig4 #d4--,p$igree *>ts ( ! two m5 %[n 9 ! prec$+ illu/ration4 ,squ>es repres5t m5 & circles wom52 figures und]l9$ d5ote measurem5t 9 /ock+ feet4 ,x is obvi\s f a comp>ison ( ! ance/ry ( ! two m5 t ! %ort "o comes f a pr$om9antly %ort family1 :ile ! tall "o ga9s 8 height likewise f h]$ity4 ,! %orte/ individual 9 ! "r-h& *>t w\ld h be5 acc\nt$ tall 9 ! family repres5t$ on ! left4 ,aft] ,a4 ,f4 ,blakeslee4 ,! ext5t to :i* ! intellig5ce ( s*ool *ildr5 is dep5d5t on defective physique & unfavorable home environm5t is an important practical "q1 :i* ,david ,h]on ( ,london attack$ by ! me?ods we h outl9$4 ,he want$ to f9d out :e!r ! heal?y *ildr5 7 ! mo/ intellig5t4 ,"o is con/antly he>+ /ories ( h[ ! intellig5ce ( s*ool *ildr5 has be5 improv$ by "s treatm5t :i* improv$ _! g5]al heal?1 b ^! /ories are r>ely pres5t$ 9 su* a way z to contribute evid5ce ( sci5tific value4 ,x 0 desirable to "k :at exact measurem5t w\ld %[4 ,! intellig5ce ( all ! *ildr5 9 f\rte5 s*ools 0 measur$ 9 its correlation ) weight & height1 conditions ( clo?+ & tee?1 /ate ( nutrition1 cleanl9ess1 good he>+1 & ! condition ( ! c]vical gl&s1 tonsils & ad5oids4 ,x c\ld n be f\nd t m5tal capacity 0 closely relat$ to any ( ! *>act]s dealt )4#h ,! p>ticul> set ( *>act]s measur$ 0 tak5 because x happ5$ to be furni%$ by data collect$ = ano!r purpose2 ! v>i\s items are sugge/ive r ?an directly conclusive4 ,"h aga91 ! correlation 9 mo/ cases 0 less ?an 4#a1 z comp>$ ) ! g5]al h]$ity correlation ( 4#e4 ,! inve/igation ne$ n be limit$ to problems ( bad bre$+4 ,eug5ics1 z its "n %[s1 is prim>ily int]e/$ 9 good bre$+2 x is p>ticul>ly wor? :ile1 !re=e1 to exam9e ! relations betwe5 h]$ity & environm5t 9 ! production ( m5tal & moral sup]iority4 ,if success 9 life--! k9d ( success t is due to great m5tal & moral sup]iority--is due to ! opportunities a man has1 !n x ought to be pretty ev5ly di/ribut$ among all p]sons :o h _h favorable opportunities1 provid$ a l>ge en\gh numb] ( p]sons be tak5 to all[ ! laws ( probability full play4 ,engl& (f]s a good field to inve/igate ?is po9t1 because ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 h] two great univ]sities1 turn out mo/ ( ! em95t m5 ( ! c\ntry1 or at lea/ h done s until rec5tly4 ,if no?+ m is necess>y to ensure a y\?'s success ?an to give him a fir/-class education & ! *ance to associate ) sup]ior p1 !n ! prizes ( life ought to be pretty ev5ly di/ribut$ among ! graduates ( ! two univ]sities1 dur+ a p]iod ( a c5tury or two4 ,?is is n ! case4 ,:5 we look at ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 z ,galton did ne>ly half a c5tury ago1 we f9d success 9 life to an unexpect$ degree a family affair4 ,! di/+ui%$ fa!r is likely to h a di/+ui%$ son1 :ile ! son ( two nobodies has a v small *ance ( becom+ di/+ui%$4 ,to cite "o concrete case1 ,galton f\nd#i t ! son ( a di/+ui%$ judge _h ab\t "o *ance 9 f\r ( becom+ himself di/+ui%$1 :ile ! son ( a man pick$ out at r&om f ! population _h ab\t "o *ance 9 #d1jjj ( becom+ simil>ly di/+ui%$4 ,! objection at once occurs t p]haps social opportunities might play ! pr$om9ant "p2 t ! son ( an obscure man nev] gets a *ance1 :ile ! son ( ! prom95t man is pu%$ =w>d reg>dless ( 8 inh]5t abilities4 ,?is1 z ,galton argu$ at l5g?1 c n be true ( m5 ( really em95t atta9m5ts4 ,! true g5ius1 he ?\ght1 frequ5tly succe$s 9 ris+ despite great ob/acles1 :ile no am\nt ( family pull w succe$ 9 mak+ a m$iocrity into a g5ius1 al?\gh x may l& him 9 "s high & v com=table (ficial position4 ,galton f\nd a good illu/ration 9 ! papacy1 :]e dur+ _m c5turies x 0 ! cu/om = a pope to adopt "o ( 8 nephews z a son1 & pu% him =w>d 9 e way4 ,if opportunity 7 all t is requir$1 ^! adopt$ sons ought to h rea*$ em95ce z (t5 z a real son w\ld h done2 b /ati/ics %[ t !y rea*$ em95ce only z (t5 z w\ld be expect$ = nephews ( great m51 ^: *ance is notably less1 ( c\rse1 ?an t ( sons ( great m51 9 :om ! int5sity ( h]$ity is mu* great]4 ,transf] ! inquiry to ,am]ica1 & x becomes ev5 m conclusive1 = ?is is suppos$ to be ! c\ntry ( equal opportunities1 :]e x is a popul> tradition t e boy has a *ance to become presid5t4 ,success may be 9 "s degree a family affair 9 ca/e-ridd5 ,engl&2 is x possible t ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld %[ ! same /ate ( affairs8 ,galton f\nd t ab\t half ( ! great m5 ( ,engl& _h di/+ui%$ close relatives4 ,if ! great m5 ( ,am]ica h few] di/+ui%$ close relatives1 environm5t w be able to make out a plausible case3 x w be evid5t t 9 ?is cont95t ( b\ndless opportunities ! boy ) ambition & en]gy gets to ! top1 & t ?is ambition & en]gy d n dep5d on ! k9d ( family he comes f4 ,fr$]ick ,adams ,woods has made precisely ?is inve/igation4#aj ,! fir/ /ep 0 to f9d out h[ _m em95t m5 !re are 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,biographical diction>ies li/ ab\t #c1ejj1 & ?is numb] provides a suffici5tly unbias$ /&>d f :i* to "w4 ,n[1 ,dr4 ,woods says1 if we suppose ! av]age p]son to h z _m z tw5ty close relatives--z ne> z an uncle or a gr&son--!n computation %[s t only "o p]son 9 #ejj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has a *ance to be a ne> relative ( "o ( ! #c1ejj em95t m5--provid$ x is purely a matt] ( *ance4 ,z a fact1 ! #c1ejj em95t m5 li/$ by ! biographical diction>ies are relat$ to ea* o!r n z "o 9 #ejj1 b z "o 9 five4 ,if ! m celebrat$ m5 alone be consid]$1 x is f\nd t ! p]c5tage increases s t ab\t "o 9 ?ree ( !m has a close relative :o is also di/+ui%$4 ,?is ratio increases to m ?an "o 9 two :5 ! families ( ! =ty-six ,am]icans 9 ! ,hall ( ,fame are made ! basis ( /udy4 ,if all ! em95t relations ( ^? 9 ! ,hall ( ,fame are c\nt$1 !y av]age m ?an "o apiece4 ,!re=e1 !y are f five hundr$ to a ?\s& times z mu* relat$ to di/+ui%$ p z ! ord9>y mortal is4 ,to look at x f ano!r po9t ( view1 some?+ l #a ( ! population ( ! c\ntry is z likely to produce a man ( g5ius z is all ! re/ ( ! population put toge!r1--! o!r #ii4 ,?is might /ill be due 9 "s degree to family influ5ce1 to ! pre/ige ( a fam\s "n1 or to educational advantages af=d$ ! sons ( successful m54 ,dr4 ,woods' /udy ( ! royal families ( ,europe is m decisive4#aa ,9 ! latt] gr\p1 ! environm5t mu/ be admitt$--on ! :ole--to be uni=mly favorable4 ,x has v>i$1 naturally1 9 ea* case1 b speak+ broadly x is c]ta9 t all ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p h _h ! advantage ( a good education1 ( unusual c>e & att5tion4 ,if su* ?+s affect a*ievem5t1 !n ! a*ievem5ts ( ?is class ought to be pretty g5]ally di/ribut$ among ! :ole class4 ,if opportunity is ! cause ( a man's success1 !n mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ?is class ought to h succe$$1 because to e "o ( royal blood1 ! door ( opportunity usually /&s op54 ,"o w\ld expect ! heir to ! ?rone to %[ a bett] record ?an 8 y\ng] bro!rs1 h[ev]1 because 8 opportunity to di/+ui% himself is naturally great]4 ,?is la/ po9t w be discuss$ fir/4 ,dr4 ,woods divid$ all ! individuals 9 8 /udy into t5 classes = intellectuality & t5 = morality1 ^? mo/ defici5t 9 ! qualities be+ put 9 class #a1 :ile ! m5 & wom5 ( prem95t intellectual & moral wor? 7 put 9 class #aj4 ,n[ if prem95t intellect & morality 7 at all l9k$ ) ! bett] *ances t an inh]itor ( succession has1 !n heirs to ! ?rone ought to be m pl5tiful 9 ! high] grades ?an 9 ! l[]4 ,actual c\nt %[s ?is n to be ! case4 ,a slightly l>g] p]c5tage ( inh]itors is r to be f\nd 9 ! l[] grades4 ,! y\ng] sons h made j z good a %[+ z ! sons :o succe$$ to p[]2 z "o w\ld expect if intellect & morality are due l>gely to h]$ity1 b z "o w\ld n expect if intellect & morality are due l>gely to outw>d circum/ances4 ,are conditions ( turmoil1 /ress & adv]sity /rong =ces 9 ! production ( great m51 z has (t5 be5 claim$8 ,!re is no evid5ce f facts to support t view4 ,9 ! case ( a few great comm&]s1 ! times seem$ p>ticul>ly favorable4 ,napoleon1 = example1 c\ld h>dly h be5 ,napoleon _h x n be5 = ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,b 9 g5]al !re h be5 w>s go+ on dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( mod]n ,european hi/ory2 !re h always be5 opportunities = a royal h]o to make 8 appe>ance2 b (t5 ! c\ntry has call$ = _m ye>s 9 va94 ,circum/ances 7 p[]less to produce a great man & ! nation _h to wait until h]$ity produc$ him4 ,spa9 has = sev]al c5turies be5 call+ = g5ius 9 lead]%ip 9 "s l9es2 b 9 va94 ,engl& c\ld n get an able man f ! ,/u>t l9e1 despite h] ne$1 & _h to wait = ,william ( ,orange1 :o 0 a desc5dant ( a man ( g5ius1 ,william ! ,sil5t4 ,italy _h to wait fifty ye>s 9 bondage = h] deliv]]s1 ,cav\r1 ,g>ibaldi & ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,! up%ot ( x all1 ,dr4 ,woods decides1 is t1 z reg>ds intellectual life1 environm5t is a totally inadequate explanation4 ,if x expla9s c]ta9 *>act]s 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 x always fails to expla9 _m m1 :ile h]$ity n only expla9s all1 or at lea/ #ij1 ( ! intellectual side ( "* 9 practically e in/ance1 b does s be/ :5 que/ions ( environm5t are left out ( discussion4 ,despite ! good environm5t almo/ uni=mly pres5t1 ! g5iuses 9 royalty are n scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! p$igree *>t1 b =m isolat$ little gr\ps ( closely relat$ individuals4 ,"o c5t]s 9 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ano!r 9 ,que5 ,isabella ( ,spa91 a ?ird 9 ,william ! ,sil5t1 & a f\r? 9 ,gu/avus ,adolphus4 ,fur!rmore1 ! royal p]sonages :o are conspicu\sly l[ 9 intellect & morality are simil>ly gr\p$4 ,c>eful /udy ( ! circum/ances %[s no?+ 9 ! environm5t t w\ld produce ?is gr\p+ ( g5ius1 :ile x is exactly :at a k ( h]$ity leads "o to expect4 ,9 ! next place1 d ! sup]ior memb]s ( royalty h proportionately m sup]ior individuals among _! close relatives1 z 0 f\nd to be ! case among ! ,am]icans 9 ! ,hall ( ,fame8 ,a c\nt %[s at once t !y d4 ,! fir/ six grades all h ab\t an equal numb] ( em95t relatives1 b grade #g has m :ile grade #h has m ?an grade #g1 & ! g5iuses ( grade #aj h ! highe/ proportion ( ne>] relatives ( _! own "*4 ,surely x _c be suppos$ t a relative ( a k+ 9 grade #h has on ! av]age a mu* less favorable environm5t ?an a relative ( a k+ 9 grade #aj4 ,is x n fair1 !n1 to assume t ?is relative's great] end[m5t 9 ! latt] case is due to h]$ity8 ,conditions are ! same1 :e!r males or females be consid]$4 ,! royal families ( ,europe (f] a te/ case because = !m ! environm5t is ne>ly uni=mly favorable4 ,a /udy ( !m %[s great m5tal & moral diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 & critical evid5ce indicates t ^! diff]5ces are l>gely due to diff]5ces 9 h]$ity4 ,diff]5ces ( opportunity d n appe> to be l>gely responsible = ! a*ievem5ts ( ! individuals4 ,b1 x is sometimes object$1 opportunity c]ta9ly is responsible = ! appe>ance ( mu* tal5t t w\ld o!rwise nev] appe>4 ,take ! great increase 9 ! numb] ( sci5tific m5 9 ,g]many dur+ ! la/ half c5tury1 = example4 ,x c n be pret5d$ t ?is is due to an increas$ bir?-rate ( su* tal5t2 x means t ! gr[? ( an appreciation ( sci5tific "w has produc$ an increas$ am\nt ( sci5tific tal5t4 ,j4 ,mc,keen ,cattell has argu$ ?is po9t mo/ c>efully 9 8 /udy ( ! families ( "o ?\s& ,am]ican m5 ( sci5ce 7,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,may1 #aiae74 ,a ,d>w9 born 9 ,*9a 9 #ahji1 he says1 c\ld n h become a ,d>w91 nor c\ld a ,l9coln born "h on ! same day h become a ,l9coln _h !re be5 no ,civil ,w>4 ,if ! two infants _h be5 ex*ang$ !re w\ld h be5 no ,d>w9 9 ,am]ica & no ,l9coln 9 ,engl&4 ,& s he cont9ues1 urg+ t 9 ! production ( sci5tific m51 at lea/1 education is m important ?an eug5ics4 ,?is l9e ( argum5t conta9s a great deal ( obvi\s tru?1 b is subject to a some:at obvi\s objection1 if x is pu%$ too f>4 ,x is c]ta9ly true t ! exact field 9 :i* a man's activities w f9d play is l>gely det]m9$ by 8 surr\nd+s & education4 ,"y m5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are n[ becom+ lawy]s or m5 ( sci5ce1 :o w\ld h become m9i/]s _h !y be5 born a c5tury or two ago4 ,b ?is environm5tal influ5ce seems to u a m9or "o1 = ! man :o is highly gift$ 9 "s "o l9e is usually1 z all ! "w ( diff]5tial psy*ology %[s1 gift$ m ?an ! av]age 9 _m o!r l9es4 ,opportunity decides 9 j :at field 8 life "w %all lie2 b he w\ld be able to make a success 9 a numb] ( fields4 ,d>w9 born 9 ,am]ica w\ld probably n h become ! ,d>w9 we "k1 b x is n to be suppos$ t he w\ld h di$ a mute1 +lori\s ,milton3 x is n likely t he w\ld h fail$ to make 8 m>k 9 "s l9e ( human activity4 ,dr4 ,cattell's argum5t1 !n1 :ile admissible1 c n prop]ly be urg$ aga9/ ! fact t ability is ma9ly dep5d5t on inh]itance4 ,we ne$ n /op ) ! conclusion t equality ( tra9+ or opportunity is unable to level ! inborn diff]5ces betwe5 m54 ,we c g ev5 f>!r1 & produce evid5ce to %[ t equality ( tra9+ increases ! diff]5ces 9 results a*iev$4 ,?is evid5ce is obta9$ by measur+ ! effects ( equal am\nts ( ex]cise ( a function ^u individual diff]5ces 9 respect to effici5cy 9 x4 ,suppose "o %\ld pick out1 at r&om1 eight *ildr51 & let !m d problems 9 multiplication = #aj m9utes4 ,aft] a numb] ( su* trials1 ! ?ree be/ might av]age #ci correct solutions 9 ! #aj m9utes1 & ! ?ree poore/ might av]age #be examples4 ,!n let !m cont9ue ! "w1 until ea* "o ( !m has done #gjj examples4 ,"h is equality 9 tra9+2 does x lead to uni=m results8 ,dr4 ,/>* made ! actual te/ :i* we h outl9$ & f\nd t ! ?ree be/ pupils ga9$ on ! av]age #de 9 ! c\rse ( do+ #gjj examples2 :ile ! ?ree poore/ ga9$ only #bf 9 ! same c\rse ( "t4 ,simil> te/s h be5 made ( s*ool *ildr5 9 a numb] ( in/ances1 & h %[n t equality ( tra9+ fails to br+ ab\t equality ( p]=mance4 ,all improve to "s ext5t2 b ^? :o are naturally bett] ?an _! comrades usually become bett] /ill1 :5 conditions = all are ! same4 ,e4 ,l4 ,?orndike gives#ab ! foll[+ tabul> /atem5t ( a te/ he conduct$3 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,equal ,,am\nts ,,( ,,practice ,,^u ,,individual ,,diff]5ces ,,9 ,,! ,,m5tal ,,multiplication ,,( ,a ,,?ree-,,place ,,by ,a ,,?ree-,,place ,,numb] ,am\nt done ,p]c5tage ( p] unit ( correct figures "t 9 answ]s ,h\rs ( ,practice ,fir/ #e ,examples ,fir/ #e ,examples ,la/ #e or #aj ,la/ #e or #aj ,examples ,examples ,ga9 ,ga9 ,initial highe/ five individuals #e4a #he #adg #fa #gj #gh #ah next five #e4a #ef #ajg #ea #fh #gh #aj six #e4c #df #fh #bb #gd #hb #h six #e4d #ch #df #h #eh #gj #ab five #e4b #ca #eg #bf #dg #fg #bj "o individual #e4b #ai #cb #ac #ajj #hb -#ah ,simil> results h be5 obta9$ by half a doz5 o!r exp]im5t]s1 us+ ! te/s ( m5tal multiplication1 addition1 m>k+ ,a's on a pr9t$ %eet ( capitals1 & ! l4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to conclude too mu* f exp]im5ts ( su* re/rict$ scope2 b !y all agree 9 %[+ t if e *ild 7 giv5 an equal tra9+1 ! diff]5ces 9 ^! traits w\ld nev]!less be v great4 ,& al?\gh we d n wi% to /ra9 ! application ( ^! results too f>1 we are at lea/ ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t !y /rongly indicate t inborn m$iocrity c n be made into a high grade ( tal5t by tra9+4 ,n e boy has a *ance to di/+ui% himself1 ev5 if he receives a good education4 ,we are driv5 back to ! same old conclusion1 t x is prim>ily inborn nature :i* causes ! a*ievem5ts ( m5 & wom5 to be :at !y are4 ,good environm5t1 opportunity1 tra9+1 w give good h]$ity a *ance to express itself2 b !y c n produce greatness f bad h]$ity4 ,^! conclusions are famili> to sci5tific sociologi/s1 b !y h n yet _h ! influ5ce on social s]vice & practical attempts at re=m :i* !y des]ve4 ,_m popul> writ]s cont9ue to confuse cause & effect1 z = example ,h4 ,add+ton ,bruce1 :o contribut$ an article to ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 n long ago1 on ,! ,boy ,:o ,goes ,wrong4 ,aft] alleg+ t ! boy :o goes wrong does s because he is n prop]ly br\ght up1 ,mr4 ,bruce quotes ) approval ! foll[+ passage f ,paul ,dubois1 ! em95t ,swiss physician & philosoph]3 ,if y h ! happ9ess to be a well-liv+ man1 take c>e n to attribute ! cr$it ( x to y\rself4 ,rememb] ! favorable conditions 9 :i* y h liv$1 surr\nd$ by ! relatives :o lov$ y & set y a good example2 d n =get ! close fri5ds :o h tak5 y by ! h& & l$ y away f ! quagmires ( evil2 keep a grateful remembrance = all ! tea*]s :o h influ5c$ y1 ! k9d & intellig5t s*ool-ma/]1 ! devot$ pa/or2 realize all ^! multiple influ5ces :i* h made y :at y are4 ,!n y w rememb] t su* & su* a culprit has n 9 8 sad life met ) ^! favorable conditions2 t he _h a drunk5 fa!r or a fooli% "m1 & t he has liv$ )\t affection1 expos$ to all k9ds ( temptation4 ,y w !n take pity ^u ?is dis9h]it$ man1 ^: m9d has be5 n\ri%$ ^u mal=m$ m5tal images1 begett+ evil s5tim5ts su* z immod]ate desire or social hatr$4 ,mr4 ,bruce indorses ?is k9d ( talk :5 he concludes1 ,! blame = ! boy :o goes wrong does n re/ ) ! boy himself1 or yet ) 8 remote ance/ors4 ,x re/s squ>ely ) ! p>5ts :o1 ?r\gh ignorance or neglect1 h fail$ to mold him aright 9 ! pla/ic days ( *ildhood4 ,:]e is ! evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! pla/ic days ( *ildhood8 ,if !y exi/1 :y d n ord9>y bro!rs become z mu* alike z id5tical tw9s8 ,h[ long are we to be ask$ to believe1 on bl9d fai?1 t ! *ild is putty1 ( :i* ! educator c make ei!r m$iocrity or g5ius1 dep5d+ on 8 skill8 ,:at does ! environm5tali/ "k ab\t ^! pla/ic days8 ,if a boy has a drunk5 fa!r or fooli% "m1 does x n sugge/ t !re is some?+ wrong ) 8 p$igree8 ,) su* an ance/ry1 we d n expect him to turn out brilliantly1 no matt] 9 :at home he is br\ght up4 ,if a boy has ! k9d ( p>5ts :o br+ him up well2 if he is1 z ,dr4 ,dubois says1 surr\nd$ by relatives :o love him & set him a good example1 we at once h gr\nd = a suspicion t he comes ( a pretty good family1 a /ock *>act]iz$ by a high /&>d ( intellectuality & morality1 & x w\ld surprise u if su* a boy did n turn out well4 ,b he turns out well because :at's br$ 9 ! bone w %[ 9 him1 if x gets any k9d ( a *ance4 ,x is 8 nature1 n 8 nurture1 t is ma9ly responsible = 8 "*4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,modification ,,( ,,! ,,g]m-,,plasm ,e liv+ creature 0 at "s /age ( its life no?+ m ?an a s+le cell4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t human be+s result f ! union ( an egg-cell & a sp]m-cell1 b x is n s univ]sally und]/ood t ^! g]m-cells are "p ( a cont9u\s /ream ( g]m-plasm :i* has be5 9 exi/5ce ev] s9ce ! appe>ance ( life on ! globe1 & :i* is de/9$ to cont9ue 9 exi/5ce z long z life rema9s on ! globe4 ,! coroll>ies ( ?is fact are ( great importance4 ,"s ( !m w be consid]$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,e>ly inve/igators t5d$ naturally to look on ! g]m-cells z a product ( ! body4 ,be+ suppos$ly products ( ! body1 x 0 natural to ?9k t !y w\ld 9 "s measure reproduce ! "* ( ! body :i* creat$ !m2 & ,d>w9 elaborat$ an +5i\s hypo!sis to expla9 h[ ! v>i\s *>act]s c\ld be repres5t$ 9 ! g]m-cell4 ,! idea held by him1 9 common ) mo/ o!r ?9k]s ( 8 p]iod1 is /ill held m or less unconsci\sly by ^? :o h n giv5 p>ticul> att5tion to ! subject4 ,g5]ation is conceiv$ z a direct *a93 ! body produces ! g]m-cell :i* produces ano!r body :i* 9 turn produces ano!r g]m-cell1 & s on4 ,b a g5]ation ago ?is idea fell "u suspicion4 ,augu/ ,weismann1 pr(essor ( zology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,freiburg1 ,g]many1 made himself ! *ampion ( ! new idea1 ab\t #ahhe1 & develop$ x s effectively t x is n[ a "p ( ! cre$ ( ne>ly e biologi/4 ,weismann caus$ a g5]al ab&onm5t ( ! idea t ! g]m-cell is produc$ by ! body 9 ea* g5]ation1 & popul>iz$ ! conception ( ! g]m-cell z a product ( a /ream ( undiff]5tiat$ g]m-plasm1 n only cont9u\s b 7pot5tially at lea/7 immortal4 ,! body does n produce ! g]m-cells1 he po9t$ out2 in/ead1 ! g]m-cells produce ! body4 ,! basis ( ?is !ory c be/ be und]/ood by a brief consid]ation ( ! reproduction ( v simple organisms4 ,dea? is ! end ( life1 is ! belief ( _m o!r p]sons ?an ! ,lotus ,eat]s4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ev]y?+ :i* lives mu/ ev5tually die4 ,b /udy ( a "o-cell$ animal1 an ,infusorian1 = example1 reveals t :5 x rea*es a c]ta9 age x p9*es 9 two1 & ea* half becomes an ,infusorian 9 all appe>ance id5tical ) ! orig9al cell4 ,has ! p>5t cell !n di$8 ,x may r be said to survive1 9 two p>ts4 ,ea* ( ^! daught] cells w 9 turn g ?r\gh ! same process ( reproduction by simple fission1 & ! process w be cont9u$ 9 _! desc5dants4 ,! ,infusorian c be call$ pot5tially immortal1 because ( ?is me?od ( reproduction4 ,! immortality1 z ,weismann po9t$ out1 is n ( ! k9d attribut$ by ! ,greeks to _! gods1 :o c\ld n die because no w\nd c\ld de/roy !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,infusorian is extremely fragile1 & is dy+ by millions at e in/ant2 b if circum/ances are favorable1 x c live on2 x is n inevitably doom$ to die soon] or lat]1 z is ,man4 ,x dies f accid5t (t51 f old age nev]4 ,n[ ! s+le-cell$ ,infusorian is 9 _m respects comp>able ) ! s+le-cell$ g]m ( ! high] animals4 ,! analogy has (t5 be5 c>ri$ too f>2 yet x rema9s indisputable t ! g]m-cells ( m5 reproduce 9 ! same way--by simple fission--z ! ,infusorian & o!r "o-cell$ animals & plants1 & t !y are organiz$ on mu* ! same plan4 ,giv5 favorable circum/ances1 ! g]m-cell %\ld be expect$ to be equally immortal4 ,does x ev] f9d ^! favorable circum/ances8 ,! inve/igations ( microscopi/s indicate t x does--t evolution has provid$ x ) ^! favorable circum/ances1 9 ! bodies ( ! high] animals4 ,let u recall 9 outl9e ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! f]tiliz$ g]m-cell1 ! zygote =m$ by ! union ( ovum & sp]matozon4 ,^! two unite to =m a s+le cell1 :i* is ess5tially ! same1 physiologically1 z o!r g]m-cells4 ,x divides 9 two simil> cells2 ^! ea* divide2 ! result+ cells aga9 divide1 & s ! process cont9ues1 until ! :ole body--a fully develop$ man1--has be5 produc$ by division & r$ivision ( ! "o zygote4 ,b ! g]m-cell is obvi\sly diff]5t f mo/ ( ! cells t make up ! f9i%$ product1 ! body4 ,! latt] are highly diff]5tiat$ & specializ$ = diff]5t functions--blood cells1 n]ve cells1 bone cells1 muscle cells1 & s on1 ea* a s+le cell b ea* adapt$ to d a c]ta9 "w1 = :i* ! orig9al1 undiff]5tiat$ g]m-cell 0 :olly unfit4 ,x is evid5t t diff]5tiation began to take place at "s po9t 9 ! s]ies ( divisions1 t is to say1 9 ! developm5t ( ! embryo4 ,?4 ,bov]i1 /udy+ ! developm5t ( a ?readworm1 made ! int]e/+ discov]y t ?is diff]5tiation began at ! fir/ division4 ,( ! two daught]-cells produc$ f ! zygote1 "o cont9u$ divid+ at a v sl[ rate1 & )\t %[+ any specialization4 ,its l9e ( desc5t produc$ only g]m-cells4 ,! products ( division ( ! o!r daught]-cell began to diff]5tiate1 & soon =m$ all ! necess>y k9ds ( cells to make up ! body ( ! mature worm4 ,9 ?is body1 ! cells f ! fir/ daught]-cell m5tion$ 7 inclos$1 /ill undiff]5tiat$3 !y =m$ ! g]m-cells ( ! next g5]ation1 & aft] maturity 7 ready to be eject$ f ! body1 & to =m new ?readworms4 ,imag9e ?is process tak+ place ?r\gh g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( ?readworms1 & "o w realize t ! g]m-plasm 0 pass$ on directly f "o g5]ation to ! next2 t 9 ea* g5]ation x gave rise to body-plasm1 b t x did n at any "t lose its id5tity or cont9uity1 a "p ( ! g]m-plasm be+ always set aside1 undiff]5tiat$1 to be h&$ on to ! next g5]ation4 ,9 ! light ( ?is example1 "o c bett] und]/& ! def9ition ( g]m-plasm z t "p ( ! sub/ance ( ! p>5ts :i* does n die ) !m1 b p]petuates itself 9 _! (fspr+4 ,by br++ 8 imag9ation into play1 ! read] w realize t !re is no limit to ! backw>d cont9uity ( ?is g]m-plasm 9 ! ?readworm4 ,grant$ t ea* species has aris5 by evolution f "s o!r1 ?is g]m-cell :i* is obs]v$ 9 ! body ( ! ?readworm1 mu/ be reg>d$ z "p ( :at may well be call$ a /ream ( g]m-plasm1 t rea*es back to ! beg9n+ ( life 9 ! _w4 ,x w be equally evid5t t ^! is no =eorda9$ limit to ! =w>d ext5sion ( ! /ream4 ,x w cont9ue 9 "s bran*1 z long z !re are any ?readworms or desc5dants ( ?readworms 9 ! _w4 ,! read] may well express d\bt z to :e!r :at has be5 demon/rat$ = ! ?readworm c be demon/rat$ = ! high] animals1 includ+ man4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t 9 _m ( ^! animals conditions are too unfavorable1 & ! process ( embryology too complicat$1 or too difficult to obs]ve1 to p]mit z di/9ct a demon/ration ( ?is cont9uity ( ! g]m-plasm1 :]ev] x is s\ght4 ,b x has be5 demon/rat$ 9 a great _m animals2 no facts :i* impair ! !ory h be5 discov]$2 & biologi/s !re=e feel p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 g5]aliz+ & decl>+ ! cont9uity ( g]m-plasm to be a law ( ! _w ( liv+ ?+s4 ,focus+ att5tion on its application to man1 "o sees t ! race mu/ repres5t an imm5se network ( l9es ( desc5t1 runn+ back ?r\gh a va/ numb] ( diff]5t =ms ( gradually dim9i%+ specialization1 until x comes to a po9t :]e all its ?reads m]ge 9 "o knot--! s+le cell ) :i* x may be suppos$ t life on ?is globe began4 ,ea* individual is n only figuratively1 b 9 a v lit]al s5se1 ! c>ri] ( ! h]itage ( ! :ole race--( ! :ole pa/1 inde$4 ,ea* individual is tempor>ily ! cu/odian ( "p ( ! /uff ( life2 f an evolution>y po9t ( view1 he may be said to h be5 br\ght into exi/5ce1 prim>ily to pass ?is sacr$ h]itage on to ! next g5]ation4 ,f ,nature's /&po9t1 he is ( little use 9 ! _w1 8 exi/5ce is sc>cely ju/ifi$1 unless he fai?fully dis*>ges ?is tru/1 pass+ on to ! future ! ,lamp ( ,life ^: fire he has be5 creat$ to gu>d = a %ort :ile4 ,immortality1 we may po9t out 9 pass+1 is ?us no m]e hope to ! p>5t3 x is a real possibility4 ,! dea? ( ! huge agglom]ation ( highly specializ$ body-cells is a matt] ( little consequ5ce1 if ! g]m-plasm1 ) its p[] to reproduce n only ^! body-cells1 b ! m5tal traits--inde$1 we may 9 a s5se say ! v s\l--t inhabit$ !m1 has be5 pass$ on4 ,! individual cont9ues to live1 9 8 (fspr+1 j z ! pa/ lives 9 him4 ,to ! eug5i/1 life ev]la/+ is some?+ m ?an a figure ( spee* or a !ological concept--x is z mu* a reality z ! beat ( ! he>t1 ! gr[? ( muscles or ! activity ( ! m9d4 ,?is doctr9e ( ! cont9uity ( g]m-plasm ?r[s a fre% light on ! nature ( human relation%ips4 ,x is evid5t t ! son :o resembles 8 fa!r c n accurately be call$ a *ip (f ! old block4 ,r1 !y are bo? *ips (f ! same block2 & aside f br++ ab\t ! fusion ( two di/9ct /ra9s ( g]m-plasm1 fa!r & "m are no m responsible = end[+ ! *ild ) its *>act]s except 9 ! *oice ( mate1 ?an is ! *ild = /amp+ 8 impress on 8 p>5ts4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view1 x has be5 said t fa!r & son ought to be ?\ght ( z half-bro!rs by two diff]5t mo!rs1 ea* be+ ! product ( ! same /ra9 ( pat]nal g]m-plasm1 b n ( ! same /ra9 ( mat]nal g]m-plasm4 ,biologically1 ! fa!r or "m %\ld n be ?\ght ( z ! produc] ( a *ild1 b z ! tru/ee ( a /ream ( g]m-plasm :i* produces a *ild :5ev] ! prop] conditions arise4 ,or z ,sir ,mi*ael ,fo/] put x1 ,! animal body is 9 reality a vehicle = ova or sp]m2 & aft] ! life ( ! p>5t has become pot5tially r5ew$ 9 ! (fspr+1 ! body rema9s z a ca/-(f envelope ^: future is b to die4 ,f9ally to quote ! metaphor ( ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?omson1 "o may ?9k = a mom5t ( a bak] :o has a v preci\s k9d ( leav52 he uses mu* ( ?is 9 bak+ a l>ge loaf2 b he s arranges matt]s by a clev] contrivance t "p ( ! orig9al leav5 is always c>ri$ on unalt]$1 c>efully pres]v$ = ! next bak+4 ,nature is ! bak]1 ! loaf is ! body1 ! leav5 is ! g]m-plasm1 & ea* bak+ is a g5]ation4 ,:5 ! respective functions & relative importance1 f a g5etic po9t ( view1 ( g]m-plasm & body-plasm are und]/ood1 x mu/ be fairly evid5t t ! natural po9t ( attack = any attempt at race bett]m5t :i* aims to be fundam5tal r ?an :olly sup]ficial1 mu/ be ! g]m-plasm r ?an ! body-plasm4 ,! failure to hold ?is po9t ( view has be5 responsible = ! disappo9t+ results ( mu* ( ! sociological !ory ( ! la/ c5tury1 & = ! fact t "s ( ! "w n[ c>ri$ on "u ! "n ( race bett]m5t is produc+ results t are ( little or no significance to true race bett]m5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be fairly evid5t1 f ! pa9s :i* ,nature has tak5 to arrange = ! transmission ( ! g]m-plasm f g5]ation to g5]ation1 t %e w\ld also protect x f injury ) meticul\s c>e4 ,x seems h>dly reasonable to suppose t a mat]ial ( ?is sort %\ld be expos$1 9 ! high] animals at lea/1 to all ! vicissitudes ( ! environm5t1 & to injury or *ange f ! *ance ( outw>d circum/ances4 ,9 spite ( ^! presumptions :i* ! biologi/ w\ld1 to say ! lea/1 consid] wor?y ( c>eful inve/igation1 ! _w is full ( well-int5tion$ p :o are anxi\s to improve ! race1 & :o 9 _! attempts to d s1 :olly ignore ! g]m-plasm4 ,!y see only ! body-plasm4 ,!y are devot$ to ! dogma t if !y c *ange ! body 7& :at is "h said ( ! body applies equally to ! m9d7 9 ! direction !y wi%1 ?is *ange w 9 "s unasc]ta9able way be reproduc$ 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,!y r>ely /op to ?9k t man is an animal1 or t ! sci5ce ( biology might conceivably h some?+ to say ab\t ! means by :i* 8 species c be improv$2 b if !y d1 !y commonly take refuge1 delib]ately or unconsci\sly1 9 ! biology ( half a c5tury ago1 :i* /ill believ$ t ^! *anges ( ! body c\ld be s impress$ on ! g]m-plasm z to be cont9u$ 9 ! foll[+ g5]ation4 ,su* an assumption is made to-day by few :o h ?or\ghly /udi$ ! subject4 ,ev5 ^? :o /ill believ$ 9 :at is conv5tionally call$ ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]i/ics w\ld be quick to repudiate any su* application ( ! doctr9e z is commonly made by mo/ ( ! philan?ropi/s & social work]s :o are proce$+ )\t seek+ ! light ( biology4 ,b ! idea t ^! modifications are inh]it$ is s widespread among all :o h n /udi$ biology1 & is s mu* a "p ( ! tradition ( society1 t ! "q mu/ be "h exam9$1 be=e we c proce$ confid5tly ) our program ( eug5ics4 ,! problem is fir/ to be def9$4 ,x is evid5t t all *>act]s :i* make up a man or woman1 or any o!r organism1 mu/ be ei!r g]m9al or acquir$4 ,x is impossible to conceive ( any o!r category4 ,b x is frequ5tly h>d to say 9 :i* class a giv5 "* falls4 ,worse /ill1 _m p]sons d n ev5 di/+ui% ! two categories accurately--a confusion made easi] by ! quibble t all *>act]s mu/ be acquir$1 s9ce ! organism />ts f a s+le cell1 :i* possesses practically none ( ! traits ( ! adult4 ,:at we mean by an inborn "* is "o ^: expression is due to some?+ :i* is pres5t 9 ! g]m-plasm2 "o :i* is inh]5t & due to h]$ity4 ,an acquir$ "* is simply a modification1 due to "s cause ext]nal to ! g]m-plasm act+ on an inborn "*4 ,9 look+ at an individual1 "o c n always say ) c]ta9ty :i* *>act]s are :i*2 b ) a little tr\ble1 "o c usually rea* a reliable decision4 ,x is possible to measure ! v>iation 9 a giv5 "* 9 a gr\p ( p>5ts & _! *ildr51 9 a numb] ( diff]5t environm5ts2 if ! degree ( resemblance betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+ is ab\t ! same 9 ea* case1 reg>dless ( ! diff]5t surr\nd+s 9 :i* ! *ildr5 may h be5 br\ght up1 ! "* may prop]ly be call$ g]m9al4 ,?is is ! biometric me?od ( inve/igation4 ,9 practice1 "o c (t5 rea* a decision by mu* simpl] means3 if ! "* is "o t appe>s at bir?1 e4g41 sk9 color1 x is usually safe to assume t x is a g]m9al "*1 unless !re is "s evid5t reason = decid+ o!rwise1 z 9 ! case ( a *ild born ) "s disease f :i* ! "m _h be5 suff]+ = ! previ\s few mon?s4 ,9 g5]al1 x is m difficult to decide :e!r a m5tal trait is g]m9al1 ?an :e!r a physical "o is2 & great c>e %\ld be us$ 9 classification4 ,to make ! di/9ction1 "o ought to be famili> ) an individual f bir?1 & to h "s k ( ! conditions to :i* he 0 expos$1 9 ! p]iod betwe5 conception & bir?1--= ( c\rse a modification :i* takes place dur+ t "t is z truly an acquir$ "* z "o t takes place aft] p>turition4 ,bl9dness1 = example1 may be an inborn defect4 ,! *ild f conception may h lack$ ! requisites = ! developm5t ( sight4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be an acquir$ "*1 due to an ill-advis$ display ( patriotism on ,july #d1 at "s "t dur+ *ildhood2 or ev5 to infection at ! mom5t ( bir?4 ,simil>ly small size may be an inborn "*1 due to a small-siz$ ance/ry2 b if ! *ild comes ( a normal ance/ry & is /unt$ m]ely because ( lack ( prop] c>e & food1 ! smallness is an acquir$ "*4 ,deafness may be cong5ital & inborn1 or x may be acquir$ z ! result1 say1 ( sc>let fev] dur+ *ildhood4 ,n[ ! inborn *>act]s 7except+ modifications 9 ut]o7 are admitt$ly h]itable1 = inborn *>act]s mu/ exi/ pot5tially 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,! belief t acquir$ *>act]s are also inh]it$1 !re=e1 involves belief t 9 "s way ! trait acquir$ by ! p>5t is incorporat$ 9 ! g]m-plasm ( ! p>5t1 to be h&$ on to ! *ild & reappe> 9 ! c\rse ( ! *ild's developm5t4 ,! impress on ! p>5tal body mu/ 9 "s way be transf]r$ to ! p>5tal g]m-plasm2 & n z a g5]al influ5ce1 b z a specific "o :i* c be reproduc$ by ! g]m-plasm4 ,?is idea 0 held almo/ )\t "q by ! biologi/s ( ! pa/1 f ,ari/otle on4 ,que/ion+s inde$ arose f "t to "t1 b !y 7 vague & c>ri$ no weight1 until a g5]ation ago sev]al able m5 elaborat$ !m4 ,= _m ye>s1 x 0 ! "q ( *ief dispute 9 ! /udy ( h]$ity4 ,! la/ ^w has n yet be5 said on x4 ,x has !oretical be>+s ( imm5se importance2 = our conception ( ! process ( evolution w be %ap$ accord+ to ! belief t acquir$ *>act]s are or are n inh]it$4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] w5t s f> z to say1 ,close contemplation ( ! facts impresses me m /rongly ?an ev] ) two alt]natives--ei!r t !re has be5 inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s1 or !re has be5 no evolution4 ,b its practical be>+s are no less mom5t\s4 ,aga9 to quote ,sp5c]3 ,consid]+ ! wid? & dep? ( ! effects :i* ! acceptance or non-acceptance ( "o or ! o!r ( ^! hypo!ses mu/ h on our views ( life1 ! "q1 ,:i* ( !m is true8 dem&s beyond all o!r que/ions :atev] ! att5tion ( sci5tific m54 ,a grave responsibility re/s on biologi/s 9 respect ( ! g5]al "q1 s9ce wrong answ]s lead1 among o!r effects1 to wrong belief ab\t social affairs & to disa/r\s social actions4 ,biologi/s c]ta9ly h n %irk$ ?is grave responsibility dur+ ! la/ #cj ye>s1 & !y h1 9 our op9ion1 satisfactorily answ]$ ! g5]al "q4 ,! answ] !y give is n ! answ] ,h]b]t ,sp5c] gave4 ,b ! popul> m9d frequ5tly lags a g5]ation beh9d1 9 its grasp ( ! "w ( sci5ce1 & x mu/ be said t 9 ?is case ! popul> m9d is /ill l>gely "u ! influ5ce ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & 8 s*ool4 ,:e!r !y "k x or n1 mo/ p :o h n made a p>ticul> /udy ( ! "q /ill tacitly assume t ! acquirem5ts ( "o g5]ation =m "p ( ! inborn h]itage ( ! next1 & ! pres5t social & educational sy/ems are f\nd$ 9 l>ge "p on ?is false f\ndation4 ,mo/ philan?ropy />ts out unque/ion+ly ) ! assumption t by modify+ ! individual = ! bett]1 x w !reby improve ! g]m9al quality ( ! race4 ,ev5 a self-/yl$ eug5i/ asks1 ,c prospective p>5ts :o h ?or\ghly & sy/ematically discipl9$ !mselves1 physically1 m5tally & morally1 transmit to _! (fspr+ ! traits or t5d5cies :i* !y h develop$8 & answ]s ! "q ) ! a/\nd+ /atem5t1 ,x seems reasonable to suppose t !y h ?is p[]1 x be+ simply a phase ( h]$ity1 ! t5d5cy ( l to beget l4 ,! "r und]/&+ ( ?is fam\s problem is !re=e fraught ) ! mo/ important consequ5ces to eug5ics4 ,! huge mass ( exp]im5tal evid5ce t has be5 accumulat$ dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury has1 necess>ily1 be5 almo/ :olly bas$ on "w ) plants & l[] animals4 ,ev5 ?\gh we c n attempt to pres5t a g5]al review ( ?is evid5ce1 = :i* ! read] mu/ consult "o ( ! /&>d works on biology or g5etics1 we %all po9t out "s ( ! consid]ations und]ly+ ! problem & its solution4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be def9itely und]/ood t we are deal+ only ) specific1 z di/+ui%$ f g5]al1 transmission4 ,z ! g]m-cells d]ive _! n\ri%m5t f ! body1 x is obvi\s t any cause pr(\ndly affect+ ! latt] might 9 t way ex]cise an influ5ce on ! g]m-cells2 t if ! p>5t 0 />v$1 ! g]m-cells might be ill-n\ri%$ & ! result+ (fspr+ might be weak & puny4 ,!re is exp]im5tal evid5ce t ?is is ! case2 b t is n ! inh]itance ( an acquir$ "*4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a :ite man tann$ by long exposure to ! tropical sun %\ld h *ildr5 :o 7 brunettes1 :5 ! family /ock 0 all blond2 or if m5 ^: legs 7 de=m$ ?r\gh falls 9 *ildhood %\ld h *ildr5 ^: legs1 at bir?1 appe>$ de=m$ 9 ! same mann]2 !n !re w\ld be a di/9ct case ( ! transmission ( an acquir$ *>act]i/ic4 ,! precise "q1 z ,pr(essor ,?omson words x1 is ?is3 ,c a /ructural *ange 9 ! body1 induc$ by "s *ange 9 use or disuse1 or by a *ange 9 surr\nd+ influ5ce1 affect ! g]m-cells 9 su* a specific or repres5tative way t ! (fspr+ w ?r\gh its inh]itance exhibit1 ev5 9 a slight degree1 ! modification :i* ! p>5t acquir$8 ,he !n li/s a numb] ( curr5t misund]/&+s1 :i* are s widespread t !y des]ve to be consid]$ "h4 7#a7 ,x is frequ5tly argu$ 7z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] himself sugge/$7 t unless modifications are inh]it$1 !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z evolution4 ,su* pessimism is unw>rant$4 ,!re is abundant explanation ( evolution1 9 ! abundant supply ( g]m9al v>iations :i* e individual pres5ts4 7#b7 ,x is common to advance an int]pretation ( "s obs]vation1 9 support ( ! ,lam>ckian doctr9e1 z if x 7 a fact4 ,int]pretations are n facts4 ,:at is want$ are ! facts2 ea* /ud5t has a "r to int]pret !m z he sees fit1 b n to repres5t 8 int]pretation z a fact4 ,x is easy to f9d /ructural features 9 ,nature :i* may be int]pret$ z result+ f ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s2 b ?is is n ! same z to say & to prove t !y h result$ f su* inh]itance4 7#c7 ,x is common to beg ! "q by po9t+ to ! transmission ( "s "* t is n prov$ to be a modification4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] cit$ ! preval5ce ( %ort-sight$ness among ! notori\sly /udi\s ,g]mans z a defect due to ! inh]itance ( an acquir$ "*4 ,b he (f]$ no evid5ce t ?is is an acquirem5t r ?an a g]m9al "*4 ,z a fact1 !re is reason to believe t weakness ( ! eyes is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( t race1 & exi/$ long be=e ! ,g]mans ev] became /udi\s--ev5 at a "t :5 mo/ ( !m c\ld nei!r read nor write4 7#d7 ,! reappe>ance ( a modification may be mi/ak5 = ! transmission ( a modification4 ,?us a blond ,european family moves to ! tropics1 & ! p>5ts become tann$4 ,! *ildr5 :o gr[ up "u ! tropical sun are tann$ f infancy2 & aft] ! gr&*ildr5 or great-gr&*ildr5 appe>1 br[n f *ildhood1 "s "o po9ts to ! case z an in/ance ( p]man5t modification ( sk9-color4 ,b ( c\rse ! *ildr5 at ! "t ( bir? are z :ite z _! di/ant c\s9s 9 ,europe1 & if tak5 back to ! ,nor? to be br\ght up1 w\ld be no d>k] ?an _! k9sm5 :o _h nev] be5 9 ! tropics4 ,su* evid5ce has (t5 be5 br\ght =w>d by c>eless obs]v]s1 b c deceive no "o :o inquires c>efully into ! facts4 7#e7 ,9 ! case ( diseases1 re-infection is (t5 mi/ak5 = transmission4 ,! fa!r _h pneumonia2 ! son lat] develop$ x2 ergo1 he mu/ h inh]it$ x4 ,:at evid5ce is !re t ! son 9 ?is case did n get x f an entirely diff]5t s\rce8 ,m$ical lit]ature is heavily burd5$ ) su* spuri\s evid5ce4 7#f7 ,*anges 9 ! g]m-cells along ) *anges 9 ! body are n relevant to ?is discussion4 ,! "m's body1 = example1 is poison$ ) alcohol1 :i* is pres5t 9 l>ge quantities 9 ! blood & !re=e might affect ! g]m-cells directly4 ,if ! *ildr5 subsequ5tly born are consi/5tly defective x is n an inh]itance ( a body "* b ! result ( a direct modification ( ! g]m-plasm4 ,! inh]itance ( an acquir$ modification ( ! body c only be prov$ if "s p>ticul> *ange made 9 ! p>5t is inh]it$ z su* by ! *ild4 7#g7 ,!re is (t5 a failure to di/+ui% betwe5 ! possible inh]itance ( a p>ticul> modification1 & ! possible inh]itance ( indirect results ( t modification1 or ( *anges correlat$ ) x4 ,?is is a nice b crucial po9t on :i* mo/ popul> writ]s are confus$4 ,let u exam9e x ?r\gh a hypo!tical case4 ,a woman1 n h]self /rong1 be>s a *ild t is weak4 ,! woman !n goes 9 = a?letics1 9 ord] bett] to fit h]self = mo!rhood2 %e specializes on t5nis4 ,aft] a few ye>s %e be>s ano!r *ild1 :i* is mu* /rong] & bett] develop$ ?an ! fir/4 ,look1 "s "o w say1 h[ ! "m has transmitt$ h] acquirem5t to h] (fspr+4 ,we grant t h] improv$ g5]al heal? w probably result 9 a *ild t is bett] n\ri%$ ?an ! fir/2 b t is a v diff]5t ?+ f h]$ity4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! "m _h play$ t5nis until h] "r arm 0 ov]-develop$1 & h] sp9e b5t2 if ^! *>act]i/ics 7 n[h]e pres5t 9 ! ance/ry & n se5 9 ! fir/ *ild2 b if ! second *ild 7 born ) a b5t sp9e & a "r arm ( exagg]at$ musculature1 we w\ld be will+ to consid] ! case on ! basis ( ! inh]itance ( an acquir$ "*4 ,we are n likely to h su* a case pres5t$ to u4 ,to put ! matt] m g5]ally1 x is n en\gh to %[ t "s modification 9 ! p>5t results 9 "s modification 9 ! *ild4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is argum5t !re mu/ be a simil> modification4 7#h7 ,f9ally1 data are frequ5tly pres5t$1 :i* cov] only two g5]ations--p>5t & *ild4 ,inde$1 almo/ all ! data alleg$ to %[ ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]i/ics are ( ?is k9d4 ,!y are ( little or no value z evid5ce4 ,cases cov]+ a numb] ( g5]ations1 :]e a cumulative *ange 0 visible1 w\ld be ( weight1 b on ! r>e occasions :5 !y are =?com+1 !y c be expla9$ 9 "s o!r way m satisfactorily ?an by an appeal to ! !ory ( ,lam>ck4#ac ,if ! evid5ce curr5tly (f]$ to support a belief 9 ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s is te/$ by ! application ( ^! misund]/&+s1 x w at once be f\nd t mo/ ( x disappe>s2 t x c be ?r[n out ( c\rt )\t fur!r =mality4 ,! ,lam>ckian doctr9e is n[ held ma9ly by p]sons :o h ei!r lack$ tra9+ 9 ! evaluation ( evid5ce1 or h nev] exam9$ critically ! assumptions on :i* !y proce$4 ,m$ical m5 & bre$]s ( plants or animals are to a l>ge ext5t believ]s 9 ,lam>ckism1 b ! evid5ce 7if any7 on :i* !y rely is always susceptible ( explanation 9 a m reasonable way4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t "s ( ! able/ intellects 9 ! _w h be5 assid\sly engag$ 9 gett+ at ! tru? 9 ! case1 dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury2 & x is c]ta9ly wor?y ( consid]ation t n 9 a s+le case has ! transmission ( an acquir$ body "* ev] be5 prov$ beyond dispute4 ,^? :o /ill hold a belief 9 x 7& x is fair to say t "s m5 ( real ability are among t numb]7 too (t5 d s1 x is to be fe>$1 because x is necess>y = ! support ( "s !oretical doctr9e :i* !y h =mulat$4 ,c]ta9ly !re are few m5 :o c say t !y h c>efully exam9$ ! evid5ce 9 ! case1 & accept ,lam>ckism because ! evid5ce =ces !m to d s4 ,x w be int]e/+ to review ! v>i\s classes ( alleg$ evid5ce1 ?\gh we c cite only a few cases f ! great numb] available 7mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 deal+ ) plants or l[] animals74 ,ne>ly all ! evid5ce adduc$ c be put 9 "o ( ^! f\r classes3 7#a7 ,mutilations4 7#b7 ,diseases4 7#c7 ,results ( use or disuse4 7#d7 ,physico-*emical effects ( environm5t4 ,! case 9 reg>d to mutilations is p>ticul>ly cle> cut & leaves little room = d\bt4 ,! noses & e>s ( ori5tal wom5 h be5 pi]c$ = g5]ations )\t numb]1 yet girls are /ill born ) ^! p>ts entire4 ,circumcision (f]s ano!r te/ case4 ,! evid5ce ( laboratory exp]im5ts 7amputation ( tails7 %[s no inh]itance4 ,x may be said )\t hesitation t mutilations are n h]itable1 no matt] h[ _m g5]ations und]go !m4 7#b7 ,! transmissibility ( acquir$ diseases is a "q involv$ 9 m ( a haze ( ignorance & loose ?9k+4 ,x is p>ticul>ly frequ5t to see cases ( ut]9e infection (f]$ z cases ( ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s4 ,to use ! ^w h]$ity 9 su* a case is unju/ifi$4 ,ut]9e infection has no be>+ :atev] on ! "q4 ,tak+ an hi/orical view1 x seems fairly evid5t t if diseases 7 really inh]it$1 ! race w\ld h be5 ext9ct long ago4 ,( c\rse !re are con/itutional defects or abnormalities t are 9 ! g]m-plasm & are h]itable3 su* is ! peculi> inability ( ! blood to coagulate1 :i* m>ks ble$]s 7suff]]s f hemophilia1 a highly h]$it>y disease74 ,& 9 _m cases x is difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 a real g]m9al condition ( ?is sort1 & an acquir$ disease4 ,! inh]itance ( an acquir$ disease is n only inconceivable1 9 ! light ( :at is kn[n ab\t ! g]m-plasm1 b !re is no evid5ce to support x4 ,:ile !re is mo/ decid$ly su* a ?+ z ! inh]itance ( a t5d5cy to or lack ( resi/ance to a disease1 x is n ! result ( incid5ce ( ! disease on ! p>5t4 ,x is possible to inh]it a t5d5cy to heada*es or to *ronic alcoholism2 & x is possible to inh]it a lack ( resi/ance to common diseases su* z mal>ia1 small-pox or measles2 b actually to inh]it a zymotic disease z an inh]5t g5etic trait1 is impossible1--is1 9 fact1 a contradiction ( t]ms4 7#c7 ,:5 we come to ! effects ( use & disuse1 we rea* a mu* debat$ gr\nd1 & "o complicat$ by ! injection ( a great deal ( biological !oriz+1 z well z ! pres5ce ( ! usual l>ge am\nt ( faulty obs]vation & inf]5ce4 ,x w be admitt$ by e "o t a "p ( ! body :i* is mu* us$ t5ds to increase 9 size1 or /r5g?1 & simil>ly t a "p :i* is n us$ t5ds to atrophy4 ,x is fur!r f\nd t su* *anges are progressive 9 ! race1 9 _m cases4 ,man's bra9 has /eadily increas$ 9 size1 z he us$ x m & m2 on ! o!r h&1 8 can9e tee? h gr[n small]4 ,c ?is be reg>d$ z ! inh]itance ( a long cont9u$ process ( use & disuse8 ,su* a view is (t5 tak51 b ! ,lam>ckian doctr9e seems to u j z my/ical "h z any:]e else1 & no m necess>y4 ,progressive *anges c be satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by natural selection2 retrogressive *anges are susceptible ( explanation along simil> l9es4 ,:5 an organ is no long] necess>y1 z ! h9d legs ( a :ale1 = in/ance1 natural selection no long] keeps x at ! po9t ( p]fection4 ,v>iation1 h[ev]1 cont9ues to occur 9 x4 ,s9ce ! organ is n[ useless1 natural selection w no long] re/ra9 v>iation 9 su* an organ1 & deg5]acy w naturally foll[1 = ( all ! v>iations t occur 9 ! organ1 ^? t5d+ to loss are m num]\s ?an ^? t5d+ to addition4 ,if ! embryonic developm5t ( a :ale's h9d leg be comp>$ to "s complicat$ me*anical process1 su* z ! manufacture ( a typewrit]1 x w be easi] to realize t a trivial v>iation :i* affect$ "o ( ! fir/ /ages ( ! process w\ld alt] all succe$+ /ages & ru9 ! f9al p]fection ( ! ma*9e4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t progressive deg5]ation ( an organ c be adequately expla9$ by v>iation ) ! removal ( natural selection1 & t x is n necess>y or desirable to appeal to any ,lam>ckian factor ( an unexpla9able & undemon/rable nature4 ,! situation rema9s ! same1 :5 purely m5tal processes1 su* z in/9cts1 are consid]$4 ,habit (t5 repeat$ becomes in/9ctive1 x is said2 & !n ! in/9ct ?us =m$ by ! individual is pass$ on to 8 desc5dants & becomes 9 ! end a racial in/9ct4 ,mo/ psy*ologi/s h n[ ab&on$ ?is view1 :i* receives no support f inve/igation4 ,su* preval5ce z x /ill reta9s seems to be l>gely due to a confusion ( ?\ght br\ght ab\t by ! use ( ! ^w in/9ctive 9 two diff]5t s5ses1--fir/ lit]ally & !n figuratively4 ,a p]si/5t attempt has be5 made 9 ,am]ica dur+ rec5t ye>s1 by ,c4 ,l4 ,r$field1 a ,*icago eng9e]1 to rehabilitate ! !ory ( ! inh]itance ( ! effects ( use & disuse4 ,he has pres5t$ x 9 a way t1 to "o ignorant ( biology1 appe>s v exact & plausible2 b 8 evid5ce is defective & 8 int]pretation ( 8 evid5ce fallaci\s4 ,because ( ! widespread publicity1 ,mr4 ,r$field's "w has receiv$1 we discuss x fur!r 9 ,app5dix ,b4 ,s9ce ! importance ( hormones 7int]nal secretions7 9 ! body became kn[n1 x has (t5 be5 sugge/$ t _! action may furni% ! clue to "s sort ( an inh]itance ( modifications4 ,! hormone might conceivably modify ! g]m-plasm b if s1 x w\ld m likely be 9 "s :olly diff]5t way4 ,9 g5]al1 we may confid5tly say t !re is nei!r !oretical necessity nor adequate exp]im5tal pro( = belief t ! results ( use & disuse are inh]it$4 7#d7 ,:5 we come to consid] :e!r ! effects ( ! environm5t are inh]it$1 we attack a /ronghold ( sociologi/s & hi/orians4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ?\ght "o ( ! /ronge/ pieces ( evid5ce 9 ?is category 0 to be f\nd 9 ! assimilation ( =eign]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! desc5dants ( ! immigrant ,iri%1 he po9t$ out1 lose _! ,celtic aspect & become ,am]icanis$4444 ,to say t 'spontane\s v>iation1' increas$ by natural selection1 c h produc$ ?is effect1 is go+ too f>4 ,un=tunately = ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 he 0 bas+ 8 conclusions on guesswork4 ,x is only )9 ! la/ few mon?s t ! fir/ tru/wor?y evid5ce on ! po9t has appe>$1 9 ! c>eful measurem5ts ( ,hrdlicka :o has demon/rat$ t ,sp5c] 0 q wrong 9 8 /atem5t4 ,z a fact1 ! orig9al traits p]si/ ) almo/ incr$ible fidelity4 7,app5dix ,c47 ,9 #aiaa1 ,franz ,boas ( ,columbia ,univ]sity publi%$ measurem5ts ( ! head =m ( *ildr5 ( immigrants#ad :i* purport$ to %[ t ,am]ican conditions caus$ 9 "s my/]i\s mann] a *ange 9 ! %ape ( ! head4 ,?is conclusion 9 itself w\ld h be5 /rik+ en\gh1 b 0 made m />tl+ :5 he ann\nc$ t ! *ange work$ bo? ways3 ,! ,ea/ ,european ,hebrew1 :o has a v r\nd head1 becomes m long-head$2 ! s\? ,italian1 :o 9 ,italy has an exce$+ly long head1 becomes m %ort-head$2 & moreov] ?is pot5t influ5ce 0 alleg$ to be a subtle "o :i* does n affect ! "y *ild born abroad & gr[+ up 9 ,am]ican environm5t1 b :i* makes itself felt among ! *ildr5 born 9 ,am]ica1 ev5 a %ort "t aft] ! arrival ( ! p>5ts 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,boas' "w 0 naturally pleas+ to sociologi/s :o believe 9 ! reality ( ! melt+-pot1 & has obta9$ widespread acceptance 9 popul> lit]ature4 ,x has obta9$ little acceptance among 8 fell[-an?ropologi/s1 "s ( :om allege t x is uns\nd because ( ! faulty me?ods by :i* ! measurem5ts 7 made & ! incorrect /&>ds us$ = comp>ison4 ,! _m in/ances quot$ by hi/orians1 :]e races h *ang$ aft] immigration1 are to be expla9$ 9 mo/ cases by natural selection "u new conditions1 or by int]bre$+ ) ! natives1 & n z ! direct result ( climate4 ,ellswor? ,hunt+ton1 ! mo/ rec5t & c>eful /ud5t ( ! effect ( climate on man1#ae f9ds t climate has a great deal ( influ5ce on man's en]gy1 b z f> z inh]it$ traits 9 g5]al are conc]n$1 he is con/antly l$ to rem>k h[ little h]$ity is capable ( be+ *ang$4 ,mo/ memb]s ( ! :ite race h little toes t are p>tly atrophi$1 & consid]ably de=m$4 ,9 _m cases "o ( ! jo9ts has und]gone ankylosis--t is1 ! bones h coalesc$4 ,x is confid5tly alleg$ t ?is is due to ! inh]itance ( ! effects ( we>+ tight %oes ?r\gh _m c5turies4 ,:5 x is f\nd t ! prehi/oric ,egyptians1 :o knew n tight %oes1 suff]$ f ! same defect 9 a simil> degree1 "o's confid5ce 9 ?is k9d ( evid5ce is mu* dim9i%$4 ,! retrogression ( ! little toe 9 man is probably to be expla9$ l ! deg5]ation ( ! h9d leg ( ! :ale1 z a result ( ! excess ( det]iorat+ v>iations :i*1 :5 n elim9at$ by natural selection1 lead to atrophy4 ,s9ce man began to limit ! use ( 8 feet to walk+ on ! gr\nd1 ! little toe has _h mu* less value to him4 ,! feet ( ,*9ese wom5 (f] ano!r illu/ration along ?is l9e4 ,al?\gh !y h be5 tightly b\nd = _m g5]ations1 no de=mity is app>5t 9 ! feet ( girl babies4 ,bre$]s are g5]ally ( ! op9ion t good c>e & fe$ be/[$ on _! /ock produce results 9 succe$+ g5]ations4 ,?is is 9 a way true1 b x is due m]ely to ! fact t ! (fspr+ get bett] n\ri%m5t & !re=e a bett] />t 9 life4 ,! *anges 9 bre$s1 ! increase 9 milk yield1 & simil> facts1 (t5 expla9$ z due to inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s1 are bett] expla9$ z ! results ( selection1 sometimes consci\s1 sometimes q unconsci\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\nd ,,foot ,,( ,a ,,*9ese ,,woman ,,fig4 #e4--;,= c5turies ! feet ( upp] class wom51 & _m l[] class wom51 9 ,*9a h be5 di/ort$ 9 ?is mann]2 b _! daught]s h p]fect feet :5 born4 ,illu/ration3 ,,defective ,,little ,,toe ,,( ,a ,,prehi/oric ,,egyptian ,,fig4 #f4--,! above illu/ration %[s ! foot ( a prehi/oric ,egyptian :o is e/imat$ to h liv$ ab\t #hjjj ,b4 ,c4 ,! la/ jo9t ( ! little toe _h entirely disappe>$1 & c>eful dissection leaves no d\bt t x 0 a g]m9al abnormality1 su* z is occasionally se5 to-day1 & n ! result ( disease4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5t t ! deg5]ation ( man's little toe mu/ be ascrib$ to "s m natural cause ?an ! we>+ ( %oes = _m g5]ations4 ,photograph f ,dr4 ,gorgy ,sobhy1 ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e1 ,cairo4 ,! "q ( inh]it$ immunity to diseases1 z ! result ( vacc9ation or actual illness f !m1 has appe>$ 9 ! controv]sy 9 a numb] ( =ms1 & is a po9t ( mu* importance4 ,x is n yet cle>1 p>tly because ! doctors disagree z to :at immunity is4 ,b !re is no adequate evid5ce t an immunity to any?+ c be creat$ & transmitt$ ?r\gh ! g]m-plasm to succe$+ g5]ations4 ,9 %ort1 no matt] :at evid5ce we exam9e1 we mu/ conclude t inh]itance ( acquir$ bodily *>act]s is n a subject t ne$ be reckon$ )1 9 appli$ eug5ics4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a possible indirect influ5ce ( modifications1 :i* may h real importance 9 man4 ,if ! individual is modifi$ 9 a c]ta9 way1 9 a numb] ( g5]ations1 ev5 ?\gh su* a modification is n transmitt$ to 8 desc5dants1 yet its cont9u$ exi/5ce may make possible1 ! survival ( "s g]m9al v>iation be>+ 9 ! same direction1 :i* )\t ! protect+ influ5ce ( ! pre-exi/+ modification1 w\ld h be5 swamp$ or de/roy$4 ,f9ally1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ev5 if physical & m5tal *>act]s acquir$ dur+ a man's lifetime are n transmitt$1 yet !re is a sort ( transmission ( acquir$ *>act]s :i* has be5 ( imm5se importance to ! evolution ( ! race4 ,?is is ! s-call$ inh]itance ( ! environm5t2 ! pass+ on f "o g5]ation to ! next ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! race1 its accumulat$ social exp]i5ce2 its civilization1 9 %ort4 ,x is d\btful :e!r any useful end is ga9$ by speak+ ( ?is cont9uance ( ! environm5t z h]$ity2 x c]ta9ly t5ds to confuse _m p :o are n us$ to ?9k+ 9 biological t]ms4 ,tradition is ! pref]able t]m4 ,!re is mu* to be said 9 favor ( ,e4 ,b4 ,p\lton's def9ition1--,civilization 9 g5]al is ! sum ( ^? contrivances :i* enable human be+s to advance indep5d5tly ( h]$ity4 ,:atev] wisdom1 mat]ial ga91 or language is acquir$ by "o g5]ation may be pass$ on to ! next4 ,z f> z ! environm5t is conc]n$1 "o g5]ation /&s on ! %\ld]s ( its pr$ecessor4 ,x might simplify ! task ( eug5ics if ! same c\ld be said ( biological h]$ity4 ,b x c n4 ,ea* g5]ation mu/ />t f scrat*4 ,9 ,augu/ ,weismann's words1 ! developm5t ( a function 9 (fspr+ beg9s at ! po9t :]e x began 9 8 p>5ts1 n at ! po9t :]e x end$ 9 !m4 ,biological improvem5t ( ! race 7& su* improvem5t greatly fo/]s all o!r k9ds7 mu/ be made ?r\gh a selective bir?-rate4 ,!re is no %ort-cut by way ( eu!nics1 m]ely4 ,we mu/ n[ consid] :e!r !re is any direct way ( impair+ good h]$ity4 ,x is curr5tly believ$ t !re are c]ta9 sub/ances1 popul>ly kn[n z racial-poisons1 :i* are capable ( affect+ ! g]m-plasm adv]sely & p]man5tly 9 spite ( its isolation & protection4 ,= example1 ! lit]ature ( alcoholism1 & mu* ( ! lit]ature ( eug5ics1 ab\nds ) /atem5ts to ! effect t alcohol orig9ates deg5]acy 9 ! human race4 ,! pro( or dispro( ( ?is proposition mu/ dep5d 9 ! la/ analysis on direct obs]vation & c>efully controll$ exp]im5ts4 ,z ! latt] _c be made feasibly on man1 a numb] ( /ud5ts h tak5 up ! problem by us+ small animals :i* are easily h&l$ 9 laboratories4 ,_m ( ^! exp]im5ts are s imp]fect 9 me?od t1 :5 c>efully exam9$1 !y are f\nd to possess little or no value z evid5ce on ! po9t "h discuss$4 ,hodge1 ,mairet & ,combemale1 = example1 h publi%$ data :i* conv9c$ !m t ! g]m-plasm ( dogs 0 injur$ by ! adm9i/ration ( alcohol4 ,! te/ 0 ! quality ( (fspr+ directly produc$ by ! intoxicat$ animals "u exp]im5t4 ,b ! numb] ( dogs us$ 0 too small to be conclusive1 & !re 0 no control3 h5ce ^! exp]im5ts c>ry little weight4 ,ovize1 ,fr & ,/ock>d h %[n t ! effect ( alcohol on h5's eggs is to produce mal=m$ embryos4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a case ( influ5c+ ! developm5t ( ! individual1 r ?an ! g]m-plasm4 ,evid5ce is abundant t individual developm5t c be h>m$ by alcohol1 b ! exp]im5ts ) eggs are n to ! po9t ( our pres5t purpose4 ,c>lo ,todde & o!rs h c>ri$ out simil> exp]im5ts on cocks4 ,! conclusions h 9 g5]al be5 9 favor ( injury to ! g]m-plasm1 b ! exp]im5ts 7 inadequate 9 ext5t4 ,lait95 exp]im5t$ on rabbits & gu9ea pigs1 b he us$ small doses & secur$ only negative results4 ,sev]al s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) rats indicate t if ! dosage is l>ge en\gh1 ! (fspr+ c be affect$4 ,nice1 us+ v small numb]s ( :ite mice1 subject$ !m n only to alcohol1 b to caffe91 nicot91 & tobacco smoke4 ,! fecundity ( all ^! sets ( mice 0 high] ?an t ( ! untreat$ ones us$ z control2 all ( !m ga9$ 9 weight2 ( #gjg "y1 none 0 de=m$1 none /illborn1 & !re 0 only "o abortion4 ,! "y ( ! alcoholiz$ mice surpass$ all o!rs 9 gr[?4 ,! dosage ,nice employ$ 0 too small1 h[ev]1 to give 8 exp]im5t great weight4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 ,leon ,j4 ,cole has be5 treat+ male rabbits ) alcohol & reports t :at appe> to be decisive results h already be5 obta9$4 ,9 ! case ( alcoholic poison+ ( ! male ! mo/ m>k$ result has be5 a less5+ ( 8 effici5cy z a sire1 ! alcohol app>5tly hav+ _h "s effect on ! vitality ( 8 sp]matozoa4 ,8 exp]im5t is prop]ly plann$ & c>ri$ out1 b s f> z results h be5 made public1 !y d n appe> to af=d conclusive evid5ce t alcohol orig9ates deg5]acy 9 (fspr+4 ,! long-cont9u$ & c>efully conduct$ exp]im5t ( ,*>les ,r4 ,/ock>d at ! ,cornell ,m$ical ,college is mo/ widely quot$ 9 ?is connection4 ,he works ) gu9ea-pigs4 ,! animals are intoxicat$ daily1 six days 9 ! week1 by inhal+ ! fumes ( alcohol to ! po9t :]e !y %[ evid5t signs ( its influ5ce2 _! condition may ?us be comp>$ to t ( ! top] :o nev] gets dead drunk b is nev] entirely sob]4 ,treatm5t ( ?is sort = a p]iod z long z ?ree ye>s produces no app>5t bad effect on ! individuals2 !y cont9ue to gr[ & become fat & vigor\s1 tak+ pl5ty ( food & behav+ 9 a normal mann] 9 e p>ticul>4 ,"s ( !m h be5 kill$ f "t to "t1 & all ! tissues1 includ+ ! reproductive gl&s1 h be5 f\nd p]fectly normal4 ,! treat$ animals are1 !re=e1 little *ang$ or injur$ s f> z _! behavior & /ructure goes4 ,nev]!less1 ! effects ( ! treatm5t are mo/ decid$ly indicat$ by ! type ( (fspr+ to :i* !y give rise1 :e!r !y are mat$ toge!r or ) normal individuals4 ,be=e ! treatm5t is begun1 e individual is mat$ at lea/ once1 to demon/rate its possibility ( giv+ rise to s\nd (fspr+4 ,! crucial te/ ( ! influ5ce ( alcohol on ! g]m-cells is1 ( c\rse1 ! mat+ ( a previ\sly alcoholiz$ male ) a normal1 untreat$ female1 9 a normal environm5t4 ,:5 ! exp]im5t 0 la/ report$1#af x _h cov]$ five ye>s & f\r g5]ations4 ,! records ( #fhb (fspr+ produc$ by #ega mat+s 7 tabulat$1 #afd mat+s ( alcoholiz$ animals1 9 :i* ei!r ! fa!r1 "m1 or bo? 7 alcoholic1 gave #fd1 or almo/ #dj1 negative results or e>ly abortions1 :ile only #be ( ! control mat+s fail$ to give full-t]m litt]s4 ,( ! #ajj full-t]m litt]s f alcoholic p>5ts #ah conta9$ /illborn "y & only #ej ( all ! mat+s result$ 9 liv+ litt]s1 :ile #dg ( ! individuals 9 ! litt]s ( liv+ "y di$ soon aft] bir?4 ,9 contra/ to ?is record #gc ( ! #ij control mat+s gave liv+ litt]s & #hd ( ! "y 9 ^! litt]s surviv$ z normal1 heal?y animals4 ,! mat+ records ( ! desc5dants ( ! alcoholiz$ gu9ea pigs1 al?\gh !y !mselves 7 n treat$ ) alcohol1 comp>e 9 "s respects ev5 m unfavorably ) ! control records ?an d ! above data f ! directly alcoholiz$ animals4 ,! records ( ! mat+s 9 ! second filial g5]ation are /ill worse1 high] mortality & m pron\nc$ de=mities1 :ile ! few individuals :i* h surviv$ are g5]ally weak & 9 _m in/ances appe> to be q /]ile ev5 ?\gh pair$ ) vigor\s1 prolific1 normal mates4 ,we d n m9imize ! value ( ?is exp]im5t1 :5 we say t too mu* weight has be5 popul>ly plac$ on its results4 ,comp>e x ) ! exp]im5t ) f[ls at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ma9e1 :i* ,raymond ,pe>l reports4#ag ,he treat$ #ai f[ls ) alcohol1 little effect on ! g5]al heal? be+ %[n1 & none on egg production4 ,f _! eggs #bcd *icks 7 produc$2 ! av]age p]c5tage ( f]tility ( ! eggs 0 dim9i%$ b ! av]age p]c5tage ( hat*ability ( f]tile eggs 0 increas$4 ,! infant mortality ( ^! *icks 0 small] ?an normal1 ! *icks 7 heavi] :5 hat*$ & grew m rapidly ?an normal aft]w>ds4 ,no de=mities 7 f\nd4 ,out ( #ab diff]5t *>act]s = :i* we h exact quantitative data1 ! (fspr+ ( treat$ p>5ts tak5 z a gr\p are sup]ior to ! (fspr+ ( untreat$ p>5ts 9 #h *>act]s1 9 two *>act]s !y are inf]ior & 9 ! rema9+ two !re is no disc]nible diff]5ce4 ,at ?is /age ,dr4 ,pe>l's exp]im5t is admitt$ly too small1 b he is cont9u+ x4 ,z f> z report$1 x confirms ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,nice1 above m5tion$1 & %[s t :at is true = gu9ea pigs may n be true = o!r animals1 & t ! am\nt ( dosage probably also makes a diff]5ce4 ,dr4 ,pe>l expla9s 8 results by ! hypo!sis t ! alcohol elim9at$ ! weak] g]ms 9 ! p>5ts1 & all[$ only ! /rong] g]ms to be us$ = reproduction4 ,despite ! unsatisfactory nature ( mu* ( ! alleg$ evid5ce1 we mu/ conclude t alcohol1 :5 giv5 9 l>ge en\gh doses1 may sometimes affect ! g]m-plasm ( "s l[] animals 9 su* a way z to det]iorate ! quality ( _! (fspr+4 ,?is effect is probably an induction1 :i* does n produce a p]man5t *ange 9 ! bases ( h]$ity1 b w we> away 9 a g5]ation or two ( good surr\nd+s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t al?\gh ! second-g5]ation treat$ males ( ,dr4 ,/ock>d's exp]im5t produc$ defective (fspr+ :5 mat$ ) females f simil>ly treat$ /ock1 !y produc$ normal (fspr+ :5 mat$ ) normal females4 ,! significance ( ?is fact has be5 too little emphasiz$ 9 writ+s on racial poisons4 ,if a normal mate w c\nt]act ! influ5ce ( a poison$ "o1 x is obvi\s t ! probabilities ( dang] to any race f ?is s\rce are mu* decreas$1 :ile if only a small "p ( ! race is affect$1 & mates at r&om1 ! racial damage might be s small t x c\ld h>dly be detect$4 ,!re are sev]al possible explanations ( ! fact t injury is f\nd 9 "s exp]im5ts b n 9 o!rs4 ,x may be1 z ,dr4 ,pe>l ?9ks1 t only weak g]ms are kill$ by mod]ate treatm5t1 & ! /rong ones are un9jur$4 ,& x is probable 7?is applies m p>ticul>ly to man7 t ! body c take c>e ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( alcohol )\t receiv+ any injury !refrom2 x is only :5 ! dosage passes ! dang] po9t t ! possibility ( injury appe>s4 ,z to ! location ( ?is limit1 :i* v>ies ) ! species1 little is kn[n4 ,mu* m "w is ne$$ be=e ! problem w be fully cle>$ up4 ,alcohol has be5 9 use 9 p>ts ( ! _w = _m c5turies2 x 0 common 9 ! ,ori5t be=e ! beg9n+ ( hi/orical k4 ,n[ if its use by man impairs ! g]m-plasm1 !n x seems obvi\s t ! *ild ( "o :o uses alcohol to a degree suffici5t to impair 8 g]m-plasm w t5d to be born inf]ior to 8 p>5t4 ,if t *ild himself is alcoholic1 8 own (fspr+ w suff] /ill m1 s9ce !y mu/ c>ry ! burd5 ( two g5]ations ( impairm5t4 ,cont9u+ ?is l9e ( reason+ ov] a numb] ( g5]ations1 9 a race :]e alcohol is freely us$ by mo/ ( ! population1 "o seems unable to escape f ! conclusion t ! effects ( ?is racial poison1 if x be su*1 mu/ necess>ily be cumulative4 ,! damage done to ! race mu/ increase 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,if ! det]ioration ( ! race c\ld be measur$1 x might ev5 be f\nd to gr[ 9 a s]ies ( figures repres5t+ ari?metical progression4 ,x seems impossible1 ) su* a /ate ( affairs1 t a race 9 :i* alcohol 0 widely us$ = a long p]iod ( "t1 c\ld avoid ext9ction4 ,at any rate1 ! races :i* h us$ alcohol longe/ ought to %[ great deg5]acy--unless !re be "s reg5]ative process at "w con/antly c\nt]act+ ?is cumulative effect ( ! racial poison 9 impair+ ! g]m-plasm4 ,su* a proposition at once dem&s an appeal to hi/ory4 ,:at is f\nd 9 exam9ation ( ! races t h us$ alcohol ! longe/8 ,h !y und]gone a progressive physical deg5]acy1 z %\ld be expect$8 ,by no means4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> respect !y seem to h become /rong] r ?an weak]1 z "t w5t on2 t is1 !y h be5 less & less injur$ by alcohol 9 ea* c5tury1 z f> z c be told4 ,exam9ation ( ! hi/ory ( nations :i* are n[ comp>atively sob]1 al?\gh hav+ access to unlimit$ quantities ( alcohol1 %[s t at an e>li] p]iod 9 _! hi/ory1 !y 7 notori\sly drunk52 & ! sobriety ( a race seems to be proportion$ to ! l5g? ( "t 9 :i* x has _h exp]i5ce ( alcohol4 ,! ,m$it]ranean peoples1 :o h _h abundance ( x f ! e>lie/ p]iod record$1 are n[ relatively temp]ate4 ,"o r>ely sees a drunk>d among !m1 al?\gh _m individuals 9 !m w\ld nev] ?9k ( dr9k+ wat] or any o!r non-alcoholic bev]age4 ,9 ! nor!rn nations1 :]e ! exp]i5ce ( alcohol has be5 less prolong$1 !re is /ill a good deal ( drunk5ness1 al?\gh n s mu* z =m]ly4 ,b among nations to :om /rong alcohol has only rec5tly be5 made available--! ,am]ican ,indian1 = in/ance1 or ! ,eskimo--drunk5ness is frequ5t :]ev] ! protect+ arm ( gov]nm5t does n int]f]e4 ,:at be>+ does ?is h on ! !ory ( racial poisons8 ,surely a consid]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( natural selection w make x cle> t alcohol is act+ z an in/rum5t ( racial purification ?r\gh ! elim9ation ( weak /ocks4 ,x is a dra/ic sort ( purification1 :i* "o c h>dly view ) complac5cy2 b ! effect1 nev]!less1 seems cle> cut4 ,to demon/rate ! action ( natural selection1 we mu/ fir/ demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( v>iations on :i* x c act4 ,?is is n difficult 9 ! "* "u consid]ation--namely1 ! great] or less capacity ( individuals to be attract$ by alcohol1 to an injuri\s degree4 ,z ,g4 ,ar*dall ,reid has po9t$ out1#ah m5 dr9k = at lea/ ?ree diff]5t reasons3 7#a7 to satisfy ?ir/4 ,?is leads to ! use ( a light w9e or a malt liquor4 7#b7 ,to gratify ! palate4 ,?is aga9 usually results 9 ! use ( dr9ks ( l[ alcohol cont5t1 9 :i* ! flavor is ! ma9 consid]ation4 7#c7 ,f9ally1 m5 dr9k to induce ^? peculi> feel+s1 ^? peculi> frames ( m9d caus$ by alcohol4 ,al?\gh ! ?ree motives may & (t5 d coexi/ 9 ! same individual1 or may animate him at diff]5t p]iods ( life1 ! fact rema9s t !y are q di/9ct4 ,?ir/ & ta/e d n lead to excessive dr9k+2 & !re is good evid5ce t ! degree ( conc5tration & ! dosage are important factors 9 ! am\nt ( h>m alcohol may d to ! individual4 ,! conc]n ( evolutioni/s1 !re=e1 is ) ! man :o is s con/itut$ t ! m5tal effects ( alcohol act+ directly on ! bra9 are pleas+1 & we mu/ %[ t !re is a cong5ital v>iability 9 ?is m5tal quality1 among individuals4 ,surely an appeal to p]sonal exp]i5ce w leave little room = d\bt on t po9t4 ,! alcohol "q is s h$g$ ab\t ) moral & e?ical issues t ^? :o nev] get drunk1 or :o p]haps nev] ev5 take a dr9k1 are likely to ascribe t l9e ( conduct to sup]ior intellig5ce & great self-control4 ,z a fact1 a dispassionate analysis ( ! case w %[ t :y _m su* d n use alcoholic bev]ages to excess is because intoxication has no *>m = !m4 ,he is s con/itut$ t ! action ( alcohol on ! bra9 is di/a/eful r ?an pleas+ to him4 ,9 o!r cases x is v>iation 9 controll+ satisfaction ( imm$iate pleasures = lat] great] good4 ,"s ( ! real inebriates h a /rong w & a real desire to be sob]1 b h a diff]5t m5tal make-up1 vividly describ$ by ,william ,james3#ai ,! crav+ = dr9k 9 real dipsomaniacs1 or = opium & *loral 9 ^? subjugat$1 is ( a /r5g? ( :i* normal p]sons c h no conception4 ',7 a keg ( rum 9 "o corn] ( ! room1 & 7 a cannon con/antly dis*>g+ balls betwe5 me & x1 ,i c\ld n refra9 f pass+ be=e t cannon 9 ord] to get t rum4 ,if a bottle ( br&y /ood on "o h&1 & ! pit ( hell yawn$ on ! o!r1 & ,i 7 conv9c$ ,i %\ld be pu%$ 9 z surely z ,i took "o glass1 ,i c\ld n refra94' ,su* /atem5ts ab\nd 9 dipsomaniacs' m\?s4 ,betwe5 ?is extreme1 & ! o!r ( ! man :o is sick5$ by a s+le glass ( be]1 !re are all int]m$iates4 ,n[1 giv5 an abundant & accessible supply ( alcohol to a race1 :at happ5s8 ,^? :o are n tempt$ or h adequate control1 d n dr9k to excess2 ^? :o are s con/itut$ z to crave ! effects ( alcohol 7once !y h exp]i5c$ !m71 & :o lack ! ability to d5y !mselves ! imm$iate pleasure = ! sake ( a future ga91 seek to r5ew ^! pleasures ( intoxication at e opportunity2 & ! well atte/$ result is t !y are likely to dr9k !mselves to a premature dea?4 ,al?\gh x is a fact t ! bir?-rate 9 drunk>d's families may be & (t5 is l>g] ?an t ( ! g5]al population1#bj x is none ! less a fact t _m ( ! wor/ drunk>ds leave no or few (fspr+4 ,!y die ( _! own excesses at an e>ly age2 or _! conduct makes !m unattractive z mates2 or !y give s little c>e to _! *ildr5 t ! latt] die f neglect1 exposure or accid5t4 ,z ^! drunk>ds w\ld t5d to h& d[n _! own inborn peculi>ity1 or weakness = alcohol1 to _! *ildr51 x mu/ be obvi\s t _! dea? results 9 a small] proportion ( su* p]sons 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,9 o!r words1 natural selection is at "w aga9 "h1 ) alcohol z its ag5t4 ,by kill+ (f ! wor/ drunk>ds 9 ea* g5]ation1 nature provides t ! foll[+ g5]ation %all conta9 few] p :o lack ! p[] to resi/ ! attraction ( ! effect ( alcohol1 or :o h a t5d5cy to use x to su* an ext5t z to injure _! m9ds & bodies4 ,& x mu/ be obvi\s t ! spe$ & efficacy ( ?is ru?less temp]ance re=m movem5t are proportionate to ! abundance & accessibility ( ! supply ( alcohol4 ,:]e ! supply is ample & available1 !re is c]ta9 to be a relatively high dea?-rate among ^? :o f9d x too attractive1 & ! av]age ( ! race !re=e is c]ta9 to become /rong] 9 ?is respect ) ea* g5]ation4 ,su* a conclusion c be abundantly ju/ifi$ by an appeal to ! hi/ory ( ! ,teutonic nations1 ! nations ar\nd ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ,jews1 or any race :i* has be5 submitt$ to ! te/4 ,!re seems h>dly room = dispute on ! reality ( ?is phase ( natural selection4 ,b !re is ano!r way 9 :i* ! process ( /r5g!n+ ! race aga9/ ! attraction & effect ( alcohol may be go+ on at ! same "t4 ,if ! drug does actually injure ! g]m-plasm1 & set up a det]ioriation1 x is obvi\s t natural selection is giv5 ano!r po9t at :i* to "w4 ,! m det]iorat$ w\ld be elim9at$ 9 ea* g5]ation 9 competition ) ! less det]iorat$ or normal2 & ! process ( racial purification w\ld !n g on ! m rapidly4 ,! fact t races long submitt$ to ! action ( alcohol h become relatively resi/ant to x1 !re=e1 does n 9 itself answ] ! "q ( :e!r alcohol injures ! human g]m-plasm4 ,! possible racial effect ( alcoholization is1 9 %ort1 a mu* m complicat$ problem ?an x appe>s at fir/ sight to be4 ,x involves ! action ( natural selection 9 sev]al important ways1 & ?is action might easily mask ! direct action ( alcohol on ! g]m-plasm1 if !re be any measurable direct result4 ,no long] cont5t ) a long p]spective hi/orical view1 we w scrut9ize ! direct inve/igations ( ! problem :i* h be5 made dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,^! inve/igations h 9 _m cases be5 widely adv]tis$ to ! public1 & _! conclusions h be5 s mu* repeat$ t !y are (t5 tak5 at _! face value1 )\t critical exam9ation4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! solution ( ! problem dep5ds on f9d+ evid5ce ( deg5]acy or impairm5t 9 ! (fspr+ ( p]sons :o h us$ alcohol1 & t ?is relation might be expla9able 9 "o or m ( ?ree ways3 7#a7 ,x may be t alcoholism is m]ely a symptom ( a deg5]ate /ock4 ,9 ?is case ! *ildr5 w be defective1 n because _! p>5ts drank1 b because _! p>5ts 7 defective--! p>5ts' dr9k+ be+ m]ely "o ( ! symptoms ( _! defect4 7#b7 ,x may be t alcohol directly poisons ! g]m-plasm1 9 su* a way t p>5ts ( s\nd /ock1 :o dr9k alcoholic bev]ages1 w h defective (fspr+4 7#c7 ,x may be t ! deg5]acy obs]v$ 9 ! *ildr5 ( drunk>ds 7= ( c\rse no "o w d5y t *ildr5 ( drunk>ds are frequ5tly defective7 is due solely to social & economic causes1 or o!r causes 9 ! environm5t3 t ! drunk5 p>5ts1 = in/ance1 d n take adequate c>e ( _! *ildr51 & t ?is lack ( c>e leads to ! defects ( ! *ildr54 ,! latt] influ5ce is d\btless "o t is ne>ly always at "w1 b x is :olly outside ! scope ( ! pres5t inquiry1 & we %all !re=e ignore x1 save z x may appe> incid5tally4 ,nor does x require emphasis "h2 = ! disa/r\s social & economic effects ( alcoholism are pat5t to e obs]v]4 ,we f9d x mo/ conv5i5t to conc5trate our att5tion fir/ on ! second ( ! que/ions above enum]at$3 to ask :e!r !re is any good evid5ce t ! use ( alcoholic bev]ages by m5 & wom5 really does orig9ate deg5]acy 9 _! (fspr+4 ,to get su* evid5ce1 "o mu/ seek an in/ance t w be crucial1 "o t w leave no room = o!r int]pretations4 ,"o mu/1 !re=e1 exclude consid]ation ( cases :]e a "m drank be=e *ild bir?4 ,x is well-kn[n t alcohol c pass ?r\gh ! plac5ta1 & t if a prospective "m dr9ks1 ! p]c5tage ( alcohol 9 ! circulation ( ! unborn *ild w v soon be ne>ly equal to t 9 h] own circulation4 ,x is well e/abli%$ t su* a condition is extremely injuri\s to ! *ild2 b x has no?+ directly to d ) h]$ity4 ,!re=e we c n accept evid5ce ( ! suppos$ effect ( alcohol on ! f]tiliz$ egg-cell1 at any /age 9 its developm5t1 because t is an effect on ! individual1 n on po/]ity4 ,& ! only means by :i* we c :olly avoid ?is fallacy is to give up altoge!r an attempt to prove our case by cit+ in/ances 9 :i* ! "m 0 alcoholic4 ,if ?is is n done1 !re w always be liability ( mi/ak+ an effect ( pr5atal nutrition = a direct injury to ! g]m-plasm4 ,b if we c f9d cases :]e ! "m 0 ( p]fectly s\nd /ock1 & non-alcoholic2 :]e ! fa!r 0 ( s\nd /ock1 b alcoholic2 & :]e ! (fspr+ 7 impair$ 9 ways t c be plausibly attribut$ to an e>li] injury to ! g]m-plasm by ! fa!r's alcohol2 !n we h evid5ce t mu/ weigh heavily ) ! fair-m9d$4 ,an int]e/+ case is ! well-kn[n "o record$ by ,s*weigh(]1 :i* is summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,a normal woman m>ri$ a normal man & _h ?ree s\nd *ildr54 ,! husb& di$ & ! woman m>ri$ a drunk>d & gave bir? to ?ree o!r *ildr52 "o ( ^! became a drunk>d2 "o _h infantilism1 :ile ! ?ird 0 a social deg5]ate & a drunk>d4 ,! fir/ two ( ^! *ildr5 contract$ tub]culosis1 :i* _h nev] be=e be5 9 ! family4 ,! woman m>ri$ a ?ird "t & by ?is sob] husb& aga9 produc$ s\nd *ildr54 ,al?\gh su* evid5ce is at fir/ sight p]t95t1 x lacks mu* ( be+ conv9c+4 ,mu* mu/ be kn[n ab\t ! ance/ry ( ! drunk5 husb&1 & ( ! woman h]self1 be=e x c be c]ta9 t ! defective *ildr5 owe _! defect to alcoholism r ?an to h]$ity4 ,we c n und]take to review all ! lit]ature ( ?is subject1 = x fills volumes1 b we %all ref] to a few ( ! /udies :i* are commonly cit$1 by ! believ]s 9 ! racial-poison "* ( alcohol1 z be+ ! mo/ weighty4 ,taav ,lait95 ( ,hels+=s secur$ in=mation f ! p>5ts ( #b1abe babies1 :o agre$ to weigh _! infants once a mon? = ! fir/ eight mon?s aft] bir?1 & :o also furni%$ in=mation ab\t _! own dr9k+ habits4 ,8 conclusion is t ! av]age weight ( ! ab/a9]'s *ild is great] at bir?1 t ^! *ildr5 develop m rapidly dur+ ! fir/ eight mon?s ?an d ! *ildr5 ( ! mod]ate dr9k]1 & t ! latt] exce$ 9 ! same way ! *ildr5 ( ! heavi] dr9k]4 ,b a c>eful analysis ( 8 "w by ,k>l ,pe>son1 ^: great ability 9 h&l+ /ati/ics has ?r[n light on _m d>k places 9 ! alcohol problem1 %[s#ba t ,pr(essor ,lait95's /ati/ical me?ods 7 s faulty t no weight c be atta*$ to 8 conclusions4 ,fur!rmore1 he appe>s to h mix$ v>i\s social classes & races toge!r )\t di/9ction2 & he has made no di/9ction betwe5 p>5ts1 "o ( :om drank1 & p>5ts1 bo? ( :om drank4 ,yet1 ?is di/9ction1 z we h po9t$ out1 is a critical "o = su* inquiries4 ,pr(essor ,lait95's pap]1 accord+ to "o believ] 9 racial poisons1 surpasses 9 magnitude & precision all ! _m /udies ( ?is subject :i* h prov$ ! relation betwe5 dr9k & deg5]acy4 ,z a fact1 x proves no?+ ( ! sort z to race deg5]acy4 ,aga91 ,t4 ,a4 ,mac,nicholl report$ on #ee1jjj ,am]ican s*ool *ildr51 f #bj1adg ( :om he secur$ in=mation ab\t ! p>5ts' attitude to alcoholic dr9ks4 ,he f\nd an extraord9>ily l>ge proportion 7#eh7 ( defici5t & backw>d *ildr5 9 ! gr\p4 ,b ! m]e bulk ( 8 "w1 probably1 has giv5 x f> m pre/ige ?an x des]ves2 = 8 me?ods are c>eless1 8 classifications vague1 8 in=mation inadequate2 he seems to h dealt ) a deg5]ate section ( ! population1 :i* does n (f] suitable mat]ial = te/+ ! "q at issue2 & he /ates t _m ( ! *ildr5 drank & smok$1--h5ce1 any defects f\nd 9 !m may be due to _! own intemp]ance1 r ?an t ( _! p>5ts4 ,9 %ort1 ,dr4 ,mac,nicholl's data (f] no help 9 an attempt to decide :e!r alcoholism is an inh]itable effect4 ,ano!r suppos$ piece ( evid5ce :i* has deceiv$ a great _m /ud5ts is ! inve/igation ( ,bezzola into ! di/ribution ( ! bir?-rate ( imbeciles 9 ,switz]l&4 ,he ann\nc$ t 9 w9e-gr[+ di/ricts ! numb] ( idiots conceiv$ at ! "t ( ! v9tage & c>nival is v l>ge1 :ile at o!r p]iods x is almo/ nil4 ,! conclusion 0 t excesses ( drunk5ness occurr+ 9 connection ) ! v9tage & c>nival caus$ ?is production ( imbeciles4 ,b aside f ! unju/ifi$ assumptions involv$ 9 8 reason+1 ,pr(essor ,pe>son has rec5tly gone ov] ! data & %[n ! faulty /ati/ical me?od2 t1 9 fact1 ! numb] ( imbeciles conceiv$ at v9tage-"t1 9 excess ( ! av]age mon?ly numb]1 0 only ?ree 9 spite ( ! l>ge numb]s6 ,bezzola's te/imony1 :i* has long be5 cit$ z pro( ( ! disa/r\s results ( ! use ( alcohol at ! "t ( conception1 mu/ be disc>d$4 ,demme's plausible inve/igation is also widely quot$ to support ! belief t alcohol poisons ! g]m-plasm4 ,he /udi$ ! (fspr+ ( #aj drunk5 & #aj sob] pairs ( p>5ts1 & f\nd t ( ! #fa *ildr5 ( ! latt]1 #ej 7 normal1 :ile ( ! #eg prog5y ( ! drunk>ds1 only n9e 7 normal4 ,?is is a good specim5 ( mu* ( ! evid5ce cit$ to prove t alcohol impairs ! g]m-plasm2 x has be5 widely circulat$ by propag&i/s 9 ,am]ica dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,( c\rse1 its value dep5ds :olly on :e!r ! #bj pairs ( p>5ts 7 ( s\nd1 comp>able /ock4 ,k>l ,pe>son has po9t$ out t ?is is n ! case4 ,demme select$ 8 *ildr5 ( drunk>ds by select+ *ildr5 :o came to 8 hospital on acc\nt ( imp]fect developm5t ( spee*1 m5tal defect1 imbecility or idiocy4 ,:5 he f\nd families 9 :i* su* defective *ildr5 occurr$1 he !n inquir$ z to _! ance/ry4 ,_m ( ^! *ildr51 he f\nd1 7 r$uc$ to a condition approa*+ epilepsy1 or actually epileptic1 because !y !mselves 7 alcoholic4 ,obvi\sly su* mat]ial c n legitimately be us$ to prove t ! use ( alcohol by p>5ts injures ! h]$ity ( _! *ildr54 ,! figures d n at all give ! pro( we are seek+1 t alcohol c s affect s\nd g]m-plasm z to lead to ! production ( defective *ildr54 ,dr4 ,b]?olet made a microscopic exam9ation ( ! reproductive gl&s ( #ge *ronic male alcoholics1 & 9 #cg cases he f\nd !m m or less atrophi$1 & devoid ( sp]matozoa4 ,obs]v+ ! same gl&s 9 non-alcoholics :o _h di$ ( v>i\s *ronic diseases1 su* z tub]culosis1 he f\nd no su* condition4 ,8 conclusion is t ! reproductive gl&s are m s5sitive to ! effects ( alcohol ?an any o!r organ4 ,s f> z is kn[n to u1 8 results h nev] be5 discr$it$2 !y h1 on ! contr>y1 be5 confirm$ by o!r inve/igators4 ,!y are ( great significance to eug5ics1 9 %[+ h[ ! action ( natural selection to purge ! race ( drunk>ds is sometimes facilitat$ 9 a way we _h n c\nt$1 ?r\gh r$uc$ f]tility due to alcohol1 z well z ?r\gh dea? due to alcohol4 ,b x %\ld n be ?\ght t 8 results are typical1 & t all *ronic alcoholi/s become /]ile3 e read] w "k ( cases 9 8 own exp]i5ce1 :]e drunk>ds h l>ge families2 & ! exp]im5tal "w ) small] animals also %[s t long-cont9u$ inebriety is compatible ) great fecundity4 ,x is probable t extreme inebriety r$uces f]tility1 b a less] am\nt increases x 9 ! cases ( _m m5 by r$uc+ ! prud5ce :i* leads to limit$ families4 ,9 #aiaj appe>$ ! inve/igation ( ,miss ,e!l ,m4 ,eld]ton & ,k>l ,pe>son on s*ool *ildr5 9 ,ed9burgh & ,man*e/]4#bb ,_! aim 0 to take a population "u ! same environm5tal conditions1 & ) no discov]able initial diff]5tiation1 & inquire :e!r ! temp]ate & intemp]ate sections _h *ildr5 diff]+ widely 9 physique & m5tality4 ,h&l+ _! mat]ial ) ! mo/ ref9$ /ati/ical me?ods1 & 9 an elaborate way1 !y rea*$ ! conclusion t p>5tal alcoholism does n m>k$ly affect ! physique or m5tality ( ! (fspr+ z *ildr54 ,:e!r results might diff] 9 lat] life1 _! mat]ial did n %[4 ,_! conclusions 7 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,!re is a high] dea?-rate among ! (fspr+ ( alcoholic ?an among ! (fspr+ ( sob] p>5ts4 ,?is appe>s to be m m>k$ 9 ! case ( ! "m ?an 9 ! case ( ! fa!r1 & s9ce x is s5sibly high] 9 ! case ( ! "m :o has dr9k+ b\ts p]iodical sprees ?an ( ! "m :o habitually dr9ks1 x w\ld appe> to be due v consid]ably to accid5ts & gross c>elessness & possibly 9 a m9or degree to toxic effect on ! (fspr+4 ,ow+ to ! great] f]tility ( alcoholic p>5ts1 ! net family ( ! sob] is h>dly l>g] ?an ! net family ( ! alcoholic4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! /udy did n include *ildless c\ples4 7#b7 ,! mean weight & height ( ! *ildr5 ( alcoholic p>5ts are slightly great] ?an ^? ( sob] p>5ts1 b z ! age ( ! =m] *ildr5 is slightly great]1 ! correlations :5 correct$ = age are slightly positive1 i4e41 !re is slightly great] height & weight 9 ! *ildr5 ( ! sob]4 7#c7 ,! wages ( ! alcoholic z contra/$ ) ! sob] p>5t %[ a slight diff]5ce compatible ) ! employ]s' dislike = an alcoholic employee1 b :olly inconsi/5t ) a m>k$ m5tal or physical inf]iority 9 ! alcoholic p>5t4 7#d7 ,! g5]al heal? ( ! *ildr5 ( alcoholic p>5ts appe>s on ! :ole slightly bett] ?an t ( sob] p>5ts4 ,!re are few] delicate *ildr51 & 9 a mo/ m>k$ way cases ( tub]culosis & epilepsy are less frequ5t ?an among ! *ildr5 ( sob] p>5ts4 ,! s\rce ( ?is relation may be s\ght 9 two directions2 ! physically /ronge/ 9 ! community h probably ! greate/ capacity & ta/e = alcohol4 ,fur!r ! high] dea? rate ( ! *ildr5 ( alcoholic p>5ts probably leaves ! fitte/ to survive4 ,epilepsy & tub]culosis bo? dep5d+ ^u inh]it$ con/itutional conditions1 !y w be m common 9 ! p>5ts ( affect$ (fspr+1 & probably if comb9$ ) alcohol1 are incompatible ) any l5g? ( life or size ( family4 ,if ^! views be correct1 we c only say t p>5tal alcoholism has no m>k$ effect on filial heal?4 7#e7 ,p>5tal alcoholism is n ! s\rce ( m5tal defect 9 (fspr+4 7#f7 ,! relation%ip1 if any1 betwe5 p>5tal alcoholism & filial intellig5ce is s slight t ev5 its sign c n be det]m9$ f ! pres5t mat]ial4 7#g7 ,! normal vision$ & normal refraction$ (fspr+ appe> to be 9 r a prepond]ance 9 ! families ( ! dr9k+ p>5ts1 ! p>5ts :o h 'b\ts' give int]m$iate results1 b !re is no sub/antial relation%ip betwe5 goodness ( sight & p>5tal alcoholism4 ,"s explanation 0 s\ght on ! basis ( alcoholic homes driv+ ! *ildr5 out into ! /reets4 ,?is 0 f\nd to be m>k$ly ! case1 ! *ildr5 ( alcoholic p>5ts sp5d+ mu* m ( _! sp>e "t 9 ! /reets4 ,an exam9ation1 h[ev]1 ( ! vision & refraction ( *ildr5 ) reg>d to ! "t !y sp5t 9-& out-(-doors1 %[$ no cle> & def9ite result1 ! *ildr5 :o sp5t ! :ole or mo/ ( _! sp>e "t 9 ! /reets hav+ ! mo/ myopia & also mo/ normal sight4 ,x 0 n possible to ass]t t ! outdoor life 0 bett] = ! sight1 or t ! bett] sight ( ! (fspr+ ( alcoholic p>5tage 0 due to ! great] "t sp5t outdoors4 7#h7 ,! frequ5cy ( diseases ( ! eye & eyelids1 :i* might well be attribut$ to p>5tal neglect1 0 f\nd to h little1 if any1 relation to p>5tal alcoholism4 ,to sum up1 !n no m>k$ relation has be5 f\nd betwe5 ! intellig5ce1 physique or disease ( ! (fspr+ & ! p>5tal alcoholism 9 any ( ! categories m5tion$4 ,on ! :ole ! balance turns z (t5 9 favor ( ! alcoholic z ( ! non-alcoholic p>5tage4 ,x is ne$less to say t we d n attribute ?is to ! alcohol b to c]ta9 physical & possibly m5tal *>act]s :i* appe> to be associat$ ) ! t5d5cy to alcohol4 ,( ! _m criticisms made ( ?is "w1 mo/ are irrelevant to our pres5t purpose1 or h be5 satisfactorily met by ! au?ors4 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t z ! *ildr5 exam9$ 7 all s*ool *ildr51 ! really deg5]ate (fspr+ ( alcoholics1 if any su* exi/$1 w\ld n h be5 f\nd1 because !y w\ld n h be5 admitt$ to ! s*ool4 ,fur!r1 x is n def9itely kn[n :e!r ! p>5ts' alcoholism dat$ f be=e or aft] ! bir? ( ! *ild exam9$4 ,!n1 ! report did n exactly comp>e ! (fspr+ ( dr9k]s & non-dr9k]s1 b classifi$ ! p>5ts z ^? :o drank1 & ^? :o 7 sob]2 ! latt] 7 n1 = ! mo/ "p1 teetotal]s1 b m]ely p]sons ^: use ( alcohol 0 s mod]ate t x ex]cis$ no visible bad influ5ce on ! heal? ( ! individual or ! welf>e ( ! home4 ,some?+ c be said on bo? sides ( all ^! objections2 b giv+ !m z mu* weight z "o ?9ks necess>y1 ! fact rema9s t ! ,eld]ton-,pe>son inve/igation fail$ to demon/rate any racial poison+ due to alcohol1 9 ! k9d ( cases :]e "o w\ld c]ta9ly h expect$ x to be demon/rat$1 if x exi/$4 ,mu* m obs]vation & measurem5t mu/ be made be=e a g5]alization c be safely drawn1 z to :e!r alcohol is or is n a racial poison1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* t expression is us$ by eug5i/s4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! evid5ce :i* is commonly believ$ to prove beyond d\bt t alcohol does injure ! g]m-plasm1 is mo/ly wor?less4 ,b x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! au?ors int5d to d5y t alcohol is a racial poison1 :]e ! dosage is v heavy & cont9u\s4 ,if we h no good evid5ce t x is1 we equally lack evid5ce on ! o!r side4 ,we wi% only to sugge/ caution aga9/ mak+ ra% g5]alizations on ! subject :i* lack support+ evid5ce & !re=e are a weak basis = propag&a4 ,s f> z imm$iate action is conc]n$1 eug5ics mu/ proce$ on ! basis t !re is no pro( t alcohol z ord9>ily consum$ w injure ! human g]m-plasm4 ,to say ?is is n 9 any way to m9ify ! evil results :i* alcohol (t5 has on ! individual1 or ! disa/r\s consequ5ces to 8 (fspr+1 eu!nically4 ,b no?+ is to be ga9$ by mak+ an assumption ( racial poison+1 & act+ on t assumption1 )\t evid5ce t x is true2 & ! temp]ance movem5t w\ld comm& m respect f g5etics if x ceas$ to allege pro( t alcohol has a directly injuri\s effect on ! race1 by poison+ ! human g]m-plasm1 :5 no adequate pro( exi/s4 ,h[1 !n1 c "o acc\nt = ! imm5se bulk ( cases1 "s ( :i* come )9 ev]yone's range ( vision1 :]e alcoholism 9 ! p>5t is associat$ ) defect 9 ! (fspr+8 ,by a process ( exclusion1 we are driv5 to ! explanation already indicat$3 t alcoholism may be a symptom1 r ?an a cause1 ( deg5]acy4 ,"s drunk>ds are drunk>ds1 because !y come ( a /ock t is1 9 a way1 m5tally defective2 physical defects are frequ5tly correlat$ 9 su* /ocks2 naturally ! *ildr5 inh]it "p or all ( ! p>5tal defects includ+1 v likely1 alcoholism2 b ! p>5t's alcoholism1 we repeat1 mu/ n be consid]$ ! cause ( ! *ild's defect4 ,! *ild w\ld h be5 defective 9 ! same way1 reg>dless ( ! p>5t's bev]age4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 z a practical consequ5ce = eug5ics1 t 9 ! light ( pres5t k any campaign aga9/ alcoholic liquors w\ld be bett] bas$ on ! v adequate gr\nd ( physiology & economics1 ?an on g5etics4 ,f ! n>r[e/ po9t ( view ( g5etics1 ! way to solve ! liquor problem w\ld be1 n to elim9ate dr9k1 b to elim9ate ! dr9k]3 to prev5t ! reproduction ( ! deg5]ate /ocks & ! ta9t$ /ra9s t contribute mo/ ( ! *ronic alcoholics4 ,we d n mean to advocate ?is z ! only prop] basis = ! temp]ance campaign1 because ! physiological & economic aspects are ( suffici5t importance to keep up ! campaign at twice ! pres5t int5sity4#bc ,b x is desirable to h ! eug5ic aspect ( ! matt] cle>ly und]/ood1 & to po9t out t 9 *eck+ ! production ( defectives 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 eug5ics w d its %>e1 & a big %>e1 t[>d ! solution ( ! dr9k problem1 :i* is at ! same "t be+ attack$ along o!r & equally praisewor?y l9es by o!r p4 ,a numb] ( o!r sub/ances are sometimes cr$it$ ) be+ racial poisons4 ,! poison ( ,spiro*te pallida1 ! microrganism :i* causes syphilis1 has be5 widely cr$it$ ) a directly noxi\s effect on ! g]m-plasm1 & ! /atem5t has be5 made t ?is effect c be transmitt$ = sev]al g5]ations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 heal?y *ildr5 are report$ z be+ born to cur$ syphilitics4 ,fur!r evid5ce is ne$$1 tak+ c>e to elim9ate cases ( infection f ! p>5ts4 ,if ! alleg$ det]ioration really occurs1 x w /ill rema9 to be det]m9$ if ! effect is p]man5t or an induction1 t is1 a *ange 9 ! g]m-cells :i* does n p]man5tly alt] ! nature ( ! inh]it$ traits1 & :i* w\ld disappe> 9 a few g5]ations "u favorable conditions4 ,! case aga9/ lead is simil>4 ,sir ,?omas ,oliv]1 9 8 ,diseases ( ,occupation1 sums up ! evid5ce z foll[s3 ,r5n]t has attempt$ to express 9 /ati/ical t]ms ! v>y+ degrees ( gravity 9 ! prognosis ( cases 9 :i* at ! mom5t ( conception bo? p>5ts are ! subjects ( lead poison+1 also :5 "o alone is affect$4 ,! malign influ5ce ( lead is reflect$ ^u ! fetus & ^u ! cont9uation ( ! pregnancy #id times out ( #ajj :5 bo? p>5ts h be5 work+ 9 lead1 #ib times :5 ! "m alone is affect$1 & #fc times :5 x is ! fa!r alone :o has work$ 9 lead4 ,tak+ sev5 heal?y wom5 :o 7 m>ri$ to lead work]s1 & 9 :om !re 0 a total ( #cb pregnancies1 ,lew9 7,b]l97 tells u t ! results 7 z foll[s3 #aa misc>riages1 "o /illbir?1 #h *ildr5 di$ )9 ! fir/ ye> aft] _! bir?1 f\r 9 ! second ye>1 five 9 ! ?ird ye> & "o subsequ5t to ?is1 leav+ only two *ildr5 out ( #cb pregnancies z likely to live to manhood4 ,9 cases :]e wom5 h _h a s]ies ( misc>riages s long z _! husb&s work$ 9 lead1 a *ange ( indu/rial occupation on ! "p ( ! husb& re/ores to ! wives normal *ild-be>+ p[]s4 ,! data ( ,con/ant9 ,paul1 publi%$ z long ago z #ahfj1 indicat$ t lead ex]cis$ an injuri\s effect ?r\gh ! male z well z ! female p>5t4 ,?is sort ( evid5ce is c]ta9ly weak1 9 t x fails to take into acc\nt ! possible effects ( environm5t2 & "o w\ld d well to keep an op5 m9d on ! subject4 ,9 a rec5t s]ies ( c>eful exp]im5ts at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 ,leon ,j4 ,cole has treat$ male rabbits ) lead4 ,he reports3 ,! 'lead$' males h produc$ z _m or m (fspr+ ?an normal fa!rs1 b _! "y h av]ag$ small] 9 size & are ( l[]$ vitality1 s t l>g] numb]s ( !m die (f at an e>ly age ?an is ! case ) ^? f untreat$ fa!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,effect ,,( ,,lead ,,z ,a ,,racial ,,poison ,,fig4 #g4--,t lead poison+ c affect ! g]m plasm ( rabbits is indicat$ by exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,leon ,j4 ,cole at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 ,) ref]5ce to ! above illu/ration1 ,pr(essor ,cole writes3 ,ea* ( ! photographs %[s two "y f ! same litt]1 9 all cases ! "m be+ a normal 7nonpoison$7 alb9o4 ,9 ea* ( ! litt]s ! :ite "y is f an alb9o fa!r :i* receiv$ ! lead treatm5t1 :ile ! pigm5t$ (fspr+ is f a normal1 homozyg\s1 pigm5t$ male4 ,:ile ^! are1 x is true1 select$ individuals1 !y repres5t :at t5d to be av]age1 r ?an extreme1 conditions4 ,! alb9o male 0 consid]ably l>g] ?an ! pigm5t$ male2 nev]!less 8 "y av]age di/9ctly small] 9 size4 ,note also ! bright] expression ( ! pigm5t$ "y4 ,!re is1 !n1 a suspicion t lead is a racial poison1 b no evid5ce z yet z to :e!r ! effect is p]man5t or 9 ! nature ( an induction4 ,?is concludes ! %ort li/ ( sub/ances = :i* !re has be5 any plausible case made out1 z racial poisons4 ,gonorrhea1 mal>ia1 ars5ic1 tobacco1 & num]\s o!r sub/ances h be5 m5tion$ f "t to "t1 & ev5 ard5tly cont5d$ by propag&i/s to be racial poisons1 b 9 ! case ( none ( !m1 s f> z we "k1 is !re any evid5ce to support ! claim4 ,& z has be5 %[n1 9 ! case ( ! ?ree *ief s-call$ racial poisons1 alcohol1 syphilis & lead1 ! evid5ce is n great4 ,we are ?us 9 a position to /ate t1 f ! eug5i/s' po9t ( view1 ! orig9ation ( deg5]acy1 by "s direct action ( ! g]m-plasm1 is a cont+5cy t h>dly ne$s to be reckon$ )4 ,ev5 9 case ! evid5ce 7 mu* /rong] ?an x is1 ! damage done may only be a physiological or *emical induction1 ! effects ( :i* w we> (f 9 a few g5]ations2 r ?an a radical *ange 9 ! h]$it>y con/itu5ts ( ! g]m-plasm4 ,! g]m-plasm is s c>efully isolat$ & gu>d$ t x is almo/ impossible to injure x1 except by treatm5t s sev]e z to kill x altoge!r2 & ! deg5]acy ) :i* eug5i/s are call$ on to deal is a deg5]acy :i* is runn+ along f g5]ation to g5]ation & :i*1 :5 once /opp$ by ! cessation ( reproduction1 is 9 little dang] ( be+ orig9at$ anew ?r\gh "s racial poison4 ,?r\gh ^! facts1 ! problem ( race bett]m5t is n only imm5sely simplifi$1 b x is cle>ly %[n to be m a matt] = treatm5t by ! biologi/1 act+ ?r\gh eug5ics1 ?an = ! optimi/ic improv] ( ! environm5t4 ,!re is ano!r way 9 :i* x is widely believ$ t "s su* result z a direct influ5ce ( ! g]m-plasm c be produc$3 t is ?r\gh ! imag9>y process kn[n z mat]nal impression1 pr5atal influ5ce1 etc4 ,belief 9 mat]nal impressions is no novelty4 ,9 ! book ( ,g5esis#bd ,jacob is describ$ z mak+ use ( x to get ! bett] ( 8 tricky fa!r-9-law4 ,"s animal bre$]s /ill pr(ess fai? 9 x z a "p ( _! me?ods ( bre$+3 if !y want a black calf1 = in/ance1 !y w keep a :ite c[ 9 a black /all1 & express p]fect confid5ce t h] (fspr+ w resemble midnight d>kness4 ,x is easy to see t ?is me?od1 if x works1 w\ld be a pot5t in/rum5t = eug5ics4 ,& x is be+ recomm5d$ = t reason4 ,says a rec5t writ]1 :o pr(esses on ! cov] ( h] book to give a complete & intellig5t summ>y ( all ! pr9ciples ( eug5ics3 ,too mu* emphasis c n be plac$ ^u ! necessity ( "y p mak+ ! prop] *oice ( mates 9 m>riage2 yet if ! production ( sup]ior *ildr5 7 dep5d5t ^u t "o factor1 ! outlook w\ld be mo/ disc\rag+ to prospective fa!rs & mo!rs1 = weak traits ( "* are to be f\nd 9 all4 ,b :5 "y p le>n t by a consci\s endeavor to tra9 !mselves1 !y are !reby tra9+ _! unborn *ildr51 !y c feel t !re is "s hope & joy 9 p>5tage2 t x is some?+ to :i* !y c look =w>d ) delight & ev5 rapture2 !n !y w be inspir$ to "w h>d to atta9 ! be/ & highe/ t !re is 9 !m1 lead+ ! lives t w n only be a bless+ to !mselves1 b to _! succe$+ g5]ation4 ,! au?or ( ?is quotation has no difficulty 9 f9d+ support]s4 ,_m physicians & surgeons1 :o are suppos$ to be tra9$ 9 sci5tific me?ods ( ?\ght1 w indorse :at %e says4 ,! au?or ( "o ( ! mo/ rec5t & 9 _m respects admirable books on ! c>e ( babies1 is almo/ contemptu\s 9 h] disda9 = ^? :o ?9k o!rwise3 ,sci5ce wrangles ov] ! rival importance ( h]$ity & environm5t1 b we wom5 "k :at effects pr5atal influ5ce works on *ildr54 ,! woman :o frets br+s =? a n]v\s *ild4 ,! woman :o rebels g5]ally be>s a morbid *ild4 ,self-control1 *e]fulness & love = ! little life brea?+ 9 unison ) y\r own w practically insure y a *ild ( normal physique & n]ves4 ,su* /atem5ts1 back$ up by a great array ( writ]s & speak]s :om ! layman supposes to be sci5tific1 & :o ?9k !mselves sci5tific1 c n fail to influ5ce /rongly an imm5se numb] ( fa!rs & mo!rs4 ,if !y are truly sci5tific /atem5ts1 _! g5]al acceptance mu/ be a great good4 ,b ?9k ( ! misplac$ ef=t if ^! widespread /atem5ts are false6 ,is !re1 or is !re n1 a %ort cut to race bett]m5t8 ,ev]yone int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! race mu/ feel ! necessity ( gett+ at ! tru? 9 ! case2 & ! tru? c be f\nd only by rigor\sly sci5tific ?\ght4 ,let u turn to ! obs]v$ facts4 ,?is sample is tak5 f ! heal? dep>tm5t ( a popul> magaz9e1 q rec5tly issu$3 ,s9ce bir? my body has be5 cov]$ ) scales /rik+ly resembl+ ! surface ( a fi%4 ,my p>5ts & ,i h exp5d$ consid]able money on rem$ies & speciali/s )\t d]iv+ any p]man5t b5efit4 ,i ba! my entire body ) hot wat] daily1 us+ ! be/ quality ( soap4 ,! scales fall (f cont9ually4 ,my bro!r1 :o is y\ng] ?an myself1 is afflict$ ) ! same tr\ble1 b 9 a less] degree4 ,my si/]1 ! ?ird memb] ( ! family1 has be5 tr\bl$ only on ! knees & abdom54 ,my "m has always be5 q n]v\s & susceptible to any unusual m5tal impression4 ,%e believes t %e m>k$ me by crav+ fi%1 & pref]r+ to clean !m h]self4 ,dur+ ! pr5atal life ( my bro!r1 %e worri$ mu* le/ %e might m>k him 9 ! same way4 ,9 ! case ( my si/] %e tri$ to control h] m9d4#be ,ano!r is tak5 f a little publication :i* is devot$ to eug5ics4#bf ,z a horrible example ! editor gives ! case ( ,jesse ,pom]oy1 a murd]] :om old] read]s w rememb]4 ,8 fa!r1 x appe>s1 work$ 9 a meat m>ket4 ,be=e ! bir? ( ,jesse1 8 "m w5t daily to ! %op to c>ry a lun*eon to h] husb&1 & h] eyes naturally fell ^u ! bloody c>cases hung ab\t ! walls4 ,inevitably1 ! sight ( su* ?+s w\ld produce bloody ?\ghts 9 ! m9d ( ! unborn *ild6 ,^! are extreme cases2 we quote f a m$ieval m$ical writ] ano!r case t c>ries ! pr9ciple to its logical conclusion3 ,a woman saw a ,negro1--at t "t a r>ity 9 ,europe4 ,%e imm$iately _h a sick5+ suspicion t h] *ild w\ld be born ) a black sk94 ,to obviate ! dang]1 %e _h a happy inspiration--%e ha/5$ home & wa%$ h] body all ov] ) w>m wat]4 ,:5 ! *ild appe>$1 8 sk9 0 f\nd to be normally :ite--except betwe5 ! f+]s & toes1 :]e x 0 black4 ,8 "m _h fail$ to wa% h]self ?or\ghly 9 ^? places6 ,( c\rse1 few ( ! cases n[ cr$it$ are z gross z ?is1 b ! pr9ciple involv$ rema9s ! same4 ,we w take a hypo!tical case ( a common sort = ! sake ( cle>ness3 ! "m receives a w\nd on ! arm2 :5 h] *ild is born x is f\nd to h a sc> ( "s sort at ab\t ! same place on ! correspond+ arm4 ,few mo!rs w\ld fail to see ! result ( a mat]nal impression "h4 ,b h[ c\ld ?is m>k h be5 transmitt$8 ,?is is n a "q ( ! transmission ( acquir$ *>act]s ?r\gh ! g]m-plasm1 or any?+ ( t sort1 = ! *ild 0 already =m$ :5 ! "m 0 injur$4 ,"o is oblig$1 !re=e1 to believe t ! injury 0 9 "s way transmitt$ ?r\gh ! plac5ta1 ! only connection betwe5 ! "m & ! unborn *ild2 & t x 0 !n reproduc$ 9 "s way 9 ! *ild4 ,"h is a situation :i*1 exam9$ 9 ! cold light ( reason1 puts a heavy en\gh /ra9 on ! cr$ulity4 ,su* an influ5ce c rea* ! embryo only ?r\gh ! blood ( ! "m4 ,is x conceivable to any rational human be+1 t a sc>1 or :at n1 on ! "m's body c be dissolv$ 9 h] blood1 pass ?r\gh ! plac5ta into ! *ild's circulation1 & !n ga!r itself toge!r into a def9ite sc> on ! infant's arm8 ,!re is j z mu* reason to expect ! *ild to gr[ to resemble ! c[ on ^: milk x is f$ aft] bir?1 z to expect x to gr[ to resemble its "m1 because ( pr5atal influ5ce1 z ! t]m is cu/om>ily us$1 = once developm5t has begun1 ! *ild draws no?+ m ?an n\ri%m5t f its "m4 ,( c\rse we are accu/om$ to ! pi\s rejo9d] t man mu/ n expect to und]/& all ! my/]ies ( life2 & to he> vague talk ab\t ! wond] ( wireless telegraphy4 ,b wireless telegraphy is some?+ v def9ite & tangible--!re is little my/]y ab\t x4 ,waves ( a giv5 frequ5cy are s5t (f1 & caught by an in/rum5t attun$ to ! same frequ5cy4 ,h[ any rational p]son c support a belief 9 mat]nal impressions by su* an analogy1 if he kn[s any?+ ab\t anatomy & physiology1 passes compreh5sion4 ,n[ we are f> f decl>+ t a reason c be f\nd = ev]y?+ t happ5s4 ,sci5ce does n refuse belief 9 an obs]v$ fact m]ely because x is unexpla9able4 ,b let u exam9e ?is case ( mat]nal impressions a little fur!r4 ,:at c be le>n$ ( ! "t elem5t8 ,imm$iately arises ! significant fact t mo/ ( ! m>ks1 de=mities & o!r effects :i* are cr$it$ to pr5atal influ5ce mu/ on ?is hypo!sis take place at a comp>atively late p]iod 9 ! ant5atal life ( ! *ild4 ,! "m is fright5$ by a dog2 ! *ild is born ) a dog-face4 ,if x be ask$ :5 h] fright occurr$1 x is usually f\nd t x 0 n e>li] ?an ! ?ird mon?1 m likely some:]e ne> ! six?4 ,b x ought to be well kn[n t ! developm5t ( all ! ma9 p>ts ( ! body has be5 complet$ at ! end ( ! second mon?4 ,at t "t1 ! "m r>ely does m ?an suspect ! com+ ( ! *ild1 & ev5ts :i* %e believes to m>k ! *ild1 usually occur aft] ! f\r? or fif? mon?1 :5 ! *ild is sub/antially =m$1 & x is impossible t _m ( ! effects suppos$ to occur c\ld actually occur4 ,inde$1 x is n[ believ$ t mo/ errors ( developm5t1 su* z lead to ! production ( great physical defects1 are due to "s cause )9 ! embryo itself1 & t mo/ ( !m take place 9 ! fir/ ?ree or f\r weeks1 :5 ! "m is by no means likely to influ5ce ! c\rse ( embryological developm5t by h] m5tal attitude t[>d x1 = ! v good reason t %e kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 ,unless %e is immur$ or isolat$ f ! _w1 ne>ly e expectant "m sees _m sights ( ! k9d t1 accord+ to popul> tradition1 cause m>ks4 ,:y is x t results are s few8 ,:y is x t wom5 doctors & nurses1 :o are con/antly expos$ to unpleasant sights1 h *ildr5 t d n diff] f ^? ( o!r mo!rs8 ,d>w91 :o knew h[ to ?9k sci5tifically1 saw t ?is is ! logical l9e ( pro( or dispro(4 ,:5 ,sir ,joseph ,hook]1 ! botani/ & geologi/ :o 0 8 close/ fri5d1 wrote ( a suppos$ case ( mat]nal impression1 "o ( 8 k9swom5 hav+ insi/$ t a mole :i* appe>$ on h] *ild 0 ! effect ( fright ^u h]self = hav+1 be=e ! bir? ( ! *ild1 blott$ ) sepia a copy ( ,turn]'s ,lib] ,/udiorum t _h be5 l5t h] ) special injunctions to be c>eful1 ,d>w9#bg repli$3 ,i %\ld be v mu* oblig$1 if at any future or leisure "t y c\ld tell me on :at y gr\nd y\r d\btful belief 9 imag9ation ( a "m affect+ h] (fspr+4 ,i h att5d$ to ! sev]al /atem5ts scatt]$ ab\t1 b d n believe 9 m ?an accid5tal co9cid5ces4 ,w4 ,hunt] told my fa!r1 !n 9 a ly+-9 hospital1 t 9 _m ?\s& cases he _h ask$ ! "m1 be=e h] conf9em5t1 :e!r any?+ _h affect$ h] imag9ation1 & record$ ! answ]s2 & absolutely n "o case came "r1 ?\gh1 :5 ! *ild 0 any?+ rem>kable1 !y aft]w>ds made ! cap to fit4 ,any doctor :o has h&l$ _m mat]nity cases c call to m9d in/ances :]e e condition 0 pres5t to p]fection1 = ! production ( mat]nal impression1 on ! "t-honor$ l9es4 ,none occurr$4 ,mo/ mo!rs c1 if !y give ! matt] c>eful consid]ation1 duplicate ?is exp]i5ce f _! own4 ,:y is x t results are s r>e8 ,t ,d>w9 gave ! true explanation ( a great _m ( ! alleg$ cases is p]fectly cle> to u4 ,:5 ! *ild is born ) any peculi> *>act]i/ic1 ! "m hunts = "s exp]i5ce 9 ! prec$+ mon?s t might expla9 x4 ,if %e succe$s 9 f9d+ any exp]i5ce ( h] own at all resembl+ 9 its effects ! effect :i* ! infant %[s1 %e consid]s %e has prov$ causation1 has e/abli%$ a good case ( pr5atal influ5ce4 ,x is n causation2 x is co9cid5ce4 ,if ! prospective "m plays or s+s a great deal1 ) ! idea ( giv+ h] *ild a musical end[m5t1 & ! *ild actually turns out to h musical tal5t1 ! "m at once recalls h] ye>n+ t su* might be ! case2 h] assidu\s practice :i* %e hop$ w\ld be ( b5efit to h] *ild4 ,%e imm$iately decides t x did b5efit him1 & %e becomes a conv9c$ witness to ! belief 9 pr5atal culture4 ,has %e n h]self demon/rat$ x8 ,%e has n4 ,b if %e w\ld exam9e ! *ild's h]$ity1 %e w\ld probably f9d a ta/e = music runn+ 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,h] /udy & practice _h n ! slighte/ effect on ?is h]$it>y disposition2 x is equally c]ta9 t ! *ild w\ld h be5 born ) a ta/e = music if its "m _h devot$ eight h\rs a day = n9e mon?s to cultivat+ ?\ghts ( hatr$ = ! musical pr(ession & repugnance = ev]y?+ t possesses rhy?m or h>mony4 ,x necess>ily foll[s1 !n1 t attempts to influ5ce ! inh]5t nature ( ! *ild1 physically or m5tally1 ?r\gh pr5atal culture1 are doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,! *ild develops along ! l9es ( ! pot5tialities :i* exi/$ 9 ! two g]m-cells t unit$ to become its orig94 ,! c\rse ( its developm5t c n be *ang$ 9 any specific way by any correspond+ act or attitude ( its "m1 good hygi5e alone ne$ be h] conc]n4 ,x mu/ necess>ily foll[ t attempts to improve ! race on a l>ge scale1 by ! g5]al adoption ( pr5atal culture z an in/rum5t ( eug5ics1 are useless4 ,inde$1 ! logical implication ( ! tea*+ is ! rev]se ( eug5ic4 ,x w\ld give a woman reason to ?9k %e might m>ry a man ^: h]$ity 0 mo/ objectionable1 & yet1 by pr5atal culture1 save h] *ildr5 f pay+ ! inevitable p5alty ( ?is weak h]itage4 ,! _w has long %udd]$ ov] ! future ( ! girl :o m>ries a man to re=m him2 b ?9k :at x means to ! future ( ! race if a sup]ior girl1 arm$ ) correspond5ce s*ool lessons 9 pr5atal culture1 m>ries a man to re=m 8 *ildr56 ,^? :o practice ?is doctr9e are doom$ to disillusion4 ,! "t !y sp5d on pr5atal culture is n cultivat+ ! *ild2 x is m]ely p]petuat+ a fallacy4 ,n only is _! "t ?us sp5t wa/$1 b worse1 = !y might h employ$ x 9 ways t really w\ld h b5efit$ ! *ild--9 op5-air ex]cise1 = in/ance4 ,to recapitulate1 ! facts are3 7#a7 ,t !re is1 be=e bir?1 no connection betwe5 "m & *ild1 by :i* impressions on ! "m's m9d or body c\ld be transmitt$ to ! *ild's m9d or body4 7#b7 ,t 9 mo/ cases ! m>ks or defects ^: orig9 is attribut$ to mat]nal impression1 mu/ necess>ily h be5 complete long be=e ! incid5t occurr$ :i* ! "m1 aft] ! *ild's bir?1 ascribes z ! cause4 7#c7 ,t ^! ph5om5a usually d n occur :5 !y are1 & by hypo!sis ought to be1 expect$4 ,! explanations are f\nd aft] ! ev5t1 & t is reg>d$ z causation :i* is really co9cid5ce4 ,pre-natal c>e z a eu!nic measure is ( c\rse n only legitimate b urg5t4 ,! embryo d]ives its entire n\ri%m5t f ! "m2 & its developm5t dep5ds :olly on its supply ( n\ri%m5t4 ,any?+ :i* affects ! supply ( n\ri%m5t w affect ! embryo 9 a g5]al1 n a p>ticul> way4 ,if ! "m's m5tal & physical condition be good1 ! supply ( n\ri%m5t to ! embryo is likely to be good1 & developm5t w be normal4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "m is con/antly h>ass$ by fe> or hatr$1 h] physical heal? w suff]1 %e w be unable prop]ly to n\ri% h] develop+ (fspr+1 & x may be its poor physical condition :5 born1 indicates ?is4 ,fur!r1 if ! "m exp]i5ces a great m5tal or physical %ock1 x may s upset h] heal? t h] *ild is n prop]ly n\ri%$1 its developm5t is arre/$1 m5tally z well z physically1 & x is born defective4 ,h4 ,h4 ,godd>d1 = example1 tells#bh ( a high-grade imbecile 9 ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool at ,v9el&1 ,n4 ,j4 ,nancy belongs to a ?or\ghly normal1 respectable family4 ,!re is no?+ to acc\nt = ! condition unless "o accepts ! "m's !ory4 ,:ile x s\nds some:at l ! disc>d$ !ory ( mat]nal impression1 yet x is n impossible t ! fright & %ock :i* ! "m receiv$ may h int]f]$ ) ! nutrition ( ! unborn *ild & result$ 9 ! m5tal defect4 ,! /ory 9 brief is z foll[s4 ,%ortly be=e ?is *ild 0 born1 ! "m 0 compell$ to take c>e ( a si/]-9-law :o 0 9 a simil> condition & v ill ) convulsions4 ,our *ild's "m 0 _m times fright5$ sev]ely z h] si/]-9-law 0 q out ( h] m9d4 ,x is easily und]/&able t any ev5t :i* makes su* an impression on ! "m z to affect h] heal?1 might s di/urb ! normal function+ ( h] body t h] *ild w\ld be badly n\ri%$1 or ev5 poison$4 ,su* facts und\bt$ly =m ! basis on :i* ! airy fabric ( pr5atal culture 0 re>$ by ^? :o liv$ be=e ! days ( sci5tific biology4 ,?us1 x is easy en\gh to see ! real explanation ( su* cases z ^? m5tion$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ?is discussion4 ,! mo!rs :o fret & rebel ov] _! mat]nity1 %e f\nd1 are likely to be> neurotic *ildr54 ,x is obvi\s 7#a7 t mo!rs :o fret & rebel are q likely !mselves to be neurotic 9 con/itution1 & ! *ild naturally gets its h]$ity f !m3 7#b7 t con/ant frett+ & rebellion w\ld s affect ! "m's heal? t h] *ild w\ld n be prop]ly n\ri%$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 %e goes on to draw ! inf]5ce t self-control1 *e]fulness & love 444 w practically insure y a *ild normal 9 physique & n]ves1 we are oblig$ to /op4 ,we "k t :at %e says is n true4 ,if ! *ild's h]$ity is bad1 nei!r self-control1 *e]fulness1 love1 nor any?+ else kn[n to sci5ce1 c make t h]$ity good4 ,at fir/ ?\ght1 "o may wi% x 7 o!rwise4 ,!re is some?+ inspir+ 9 ! idea ( a "m ov]com+ ! effect ( h]$ity by ! %e] =ce ( h] own w-p[]4 ,b p]haps 9 ! long run x is z well2 = !re are advantages on ! o!r side4 ,x %\ld be a satisfaction to mo!rs to "k t _! *ildr5 w n be m>k$ or injur$ by unt[>d ev5ts 9 ! ant5atal days2 t if ! *ild's h]$ity c n be *ang$ = ! bett]1 nei!r c x be *ang$ = ! worse4 ,! pr5atal culturi/s & mat]nal-impressioni/s are try+ to place on h] a responsibility :i* %e ne$ n be>4 ,obvi\sly1 x is ! "m :o is mo/ ne>ly conc]n$ ) ! bogy ( mat]nal impressions1 & x %\ld make = h] peace ( m9d to "k t x is no?+ m ?an a bogy4 ,x is important = ! expectant "m to keep h]self 9 z ne>ly p]fect condition z possible1 bo? physically & m5tally4 ,h] bodily me*anism w !n run smoo?ly1 & ! *ild w get f h] blood ! n\ri%m5t ne$$ = its developm5t4 ,beyond t !re is no?+ ! "m c d to influ5ce ! developm5t ( h] *ild4 ,!re is ano!r & some:at simil> fallacy :i* des]ves a pass+ ^w1 al?\gh x is ( m conc]n to ! live/ock bre$] ?an to ! eug5i/4 ,x is call$ telegony & is1 briefly1 ?is3 t conception by a female results 9 a def9ite modification ( h] g]m-plasm f ! influ5ce ( ! male1 & t ?is modification w be %[n 9 ! (fspr+ %e may subsequ5tly be> to a second male4 ,! only case :]e x is (t5 invok$ 9 ! human race is 9 misceg5ation4 ,a :ite woman has be5 m>ri$ to a ,negro1 = in/ance1 & has borne "o or m mulatto (fspr+4 ,subsequ5tly1 %e mates ) a :ite man2 b h] *ildr5 by him1 in/ead ( be+ pure :ite1 x is alleg$1 w be also mulattoes4 ,! idea ( telegony1 ! p]si/5t influ5ce ( ! fir/ mat+1 may be invok$ to expla9 ?is discrepancy4 ,x is a pure my?4 ,!re is no good evid5ce#bi to support x1 & !re is abundant evid5ce to contradict x4 ,telegony is /ill believ$ by _m animal bre$]s1 b x has no place 9 sci5ce4 ,9 su* a case z ! "o quot$1 ! explanation is und\bt$ly t ! suppos$ fa!r is n ! real "o2 & ?is explanation w dispose ( all o!r cases ( telegony :i* c n be expla9$1 z 9 mo/ in/ances !y c be1 by ! mix$ ance/ry ( ! (fspr+ & ! innate t5d5cy ( all liv+ ?+s to v>y4 ,n[ to sum up ?is long *apt]4 ,we />t$ ) a consid]ation ( ! g]m-plasm1 ! physical basis ( life2 po9t+ out t x is cont9u\s f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & pot5tially immortal2 t x is c>efully isolat$ & gu>d$ 9 ! body1 s t x is n likely to be injur$ by any ord9>y means4 ,"o ( ! logical results ( ?is cont9uity ( ! g]m-plasm is t modifications ( ! body ( ! p>5t1 or acquir$ *>act]s1 c h>dly be transf]r$ to ! g]m-plasm & become a "p ( ! inh]itance4 ,fur!r ! exp]im5tal evid5ce upholds ?is position1 & ! inh]itance ( acquir$ body *>act]s may be disreg>d$ by eug5ics1 :i* is !re=e oblig$ to conc]n itself solely ) ! mat]ial already 9 exi/5ce 9 ! g]m-plasm1 except z t mat]ial may be *ang$ by v>iation :i* c nei!r be pr$ict$ nor controll$4 ,! evid5ce t ! g]m-plasm c be p]man5tly modifi$ does n w>rant ! belief2 & su* results1 if !y exi/ at all1 are n l>ge en\gh or uni=m en\gh to conc]n ! eug5i/4 ,pre-natal culture & telegony 7 f\nd to be m]e delusions4 ,!re is no ju/ification = hop+ to influ5ce ! race = good ?r\gh ! action ( any k9d ( ext]nal influ5ces2 & !re is n mu* dang] ( influ5c+ x = ill ?r\gh ^! ext]nal influ5ces4 ,! situation mu/ be fac$ squ>ely !n3 if ! race is to be improv$1 x mu/ be by ! use ( ! mat]ial already 9 exi/5ce2 by endeavor to *ange ! bir?-& dea?-rates s z to alt] ! relative proportions ( ! am\nts ( good & bad g]m-plasm 9 ! race4 ,?is is ! only road by :i* ! goal ( eug5ics c be rea*$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,diff]5ces ,,among ,,m5 ,:ile ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 :5 he wrote into ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 8 belief 9 ! self-evid5ce ( ! tru? t all m5 are creat$ equal1 may h be5 ?9k+ ( legal rights m]ely1 he 0 express+ an op9ion common among philosoph]s ( 8 "t4 ,j4 ,j4 ,r\sseau x 0 :o made ! idea popul>1 & x met ) widespread acceptance = _m ye>s4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ! phrase has long be5 a favorite ) ! demagogue & ! utopian4 ,ev5 n[ ! doctr9e is by no means dead4 ,! ,am]ican educational sy/em is bas$ l>gely on ?is dogma1 & mu* ( ! political sy/em seems to be gr\nd$ on x4 ,x c be se5 9 ! t5ets ( labor unions1 9 ! practice ( _m philan?ropies--traces may be f\nd almo/ any:]e "o turns1 9 fact4 ,common en\gh z appli$ to m5tal qualities1 ! !ory ( human equality is ev5 m widely held ( moral qualities4 ,m5 are consid]$ to be equally responsible = _! conduct1 & failure to con=m to ! accept$ code 9 ?is respect br+s puni%m5t4 ,x is sometimes conc$$ t m5 h _h diff]+ opportunities to le>n ! pr9ciples ( morality2 b giv5 equal opportunities1 x is almo/ univ]sally held t failure to foll[ ! pr9ciples indicates n inability b unwill+ness4 ,9 %ort1 public op9ion r>ely admits t m5 may diff] 9 _! inh]5t capacity to act morally4 ,9 view ( its almo/ univ]sal & unque/ion$1 al?\gh half unconsci\s1 acceptance z "p ( ! /ructure ( society1 x becomes ( ! utmo/ importance t ?is doctr9e ( human equality %\ld be exam9$ by sci5tific me?ods4 ,=tunately ?is c be done ) ease4 ,me?ods ( m5tal & physical measurem5t t h be5 evolv$ dur+ ! la/ few decades (f] results t admit ( no refutation1 & !y c be appli$ 9 hundr$s ( diff]5t places4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di/ribution ,,( #aj-,,ye>-,,old ,,s*ool ,,*ildr5 ,,fig4 #h4--,! graph %[s t #aj-ye>-old *ildr5 9 ,connecticut 7#aijc7 are to be f\nd 9 e grade1 f ! fir/ to ! eigh?4 ,! greate/ numb] is 9 ! f\r? grade1 & ! numb] :o are advanc$ is j ab\t ! same z ! numb] :o are ret>d$4 ,x w n be wor? :ile to sp5d any "t demon/rat+ t all individuals diff]1 at bir? & dur+ _! subsequ5t life1 physically4 ,! fact is pat5t to all4 ,x c>ries ) x z a necess>y coroll>y m5tal diff]5ces1 s9ce ! bra9 is "p ( ! body2 nev]!less1 we %all demon/rate ^! m5tal diff]5ces indep5d5tly4 ,we pres5t 9 ,fig4 #h a graph f ,e4 ,l4 ,?orndike1 %[+ ! numb] ( #aj-ye>-old *ildr5 9 ,connecticut 7#aijc7 9 ea* s*ool grade4 ,if ! *ildr5 are all intellectually equal1 all ! #aj-ye>-olds ought to be 9 ! same grade1 or ne> x4 ,num]\s explanations ( _! wide di/ribution sugge/ !mselves2 z a work+ hypo!sis "o might adopt ! sugge/ion t x is because ! *ildr5 actually diff] 9 innate ability to ! ext5t "h indicat$4 ,?is hypo!sis c be te/$ by a v>iety ( m5tal measurem5ts4 ,s4 ,a4 ,c\rtis' inve/igation ( ! ari?metical abilities ( ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools ( ,new ,york ,city w be a good beg9n+4 ,he measur$ ! a*ievem5ts ( pupils 9 respond+ to eight te/s1 :i* 7 believ$ to give a fair idea ( ! pupil's capacity = solv+ simple ari?metical problems4 ,! results 71 on ! av]age1 simil> to ! result he got 9 a c]ta9 eigh?-grade class1 ^: record is %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,x is evid5t t "s ( ! *ildr5 7 good 9 ari?metic1 "s 7 poor 9 x2 ! bulk ( !m 7 nei!r good nor bad b half way betwe51 or1 9 /ati/ical language1 m$iocre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>iation ,,9 ,,ability ,,fig4 #i4--;,diagram to %[ ! /&+ ( *ildr5 9 a s+le class 9 a ,new ,york ,city s*ool1 9 respect to _! ability 9 ari?metic4 ,!re are wide div]g5ces 9 ! scores !y made4 ,! lit]ature ( exp]im5tal psy*ology & an?ropology is cramm$ ) su* examples z ! above4 ,no matt] :at trait ( ! individual be *os51 results are analog\s4 ,if "o takes ! simple/ traits1 to elim9ate ! mo/ *ances = confusion1 "o f9ds ! same conditions e "t4 ,:e!r x be spe$ 9 m>k+ (f all ! ,a's 9 a pr9t$ %eet ( capitals1 or 9 putt+ toge!r ! pieces ( a puzzle1 or 9 giv+ a reaction to "s c]ta9 /imulus1 or 9 mak+ associations betwe5 ideas1 or draw+ figures1 or memory = v>i\s ?+s1 or giv+ ! opposites ( words1 or discrim9ation ( lift$ weights1 or success 9 any "o ( hundr$s ( o!r m5tal te/s1 ! conclusion is ! same4 ,!re are wide diff]5ces 9 ! abilities ( individuals1 no two be+ alike1 ei!r m5tally or physically1 at bir? or any "t !reaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,orig9 ,,( ,a ,,normal ,,probability ,,curve ,,fig4 #aj4--,:5 deviations 9 all directions are equally probable1 z 9 ! case ( %ots fir$ at a t>get by an exp]t m>ksman1 ! frequ5cies w arrange !mselves 9 ! mann] %[n by ! bullets 9 comp>tm5ts above4 ,a l9e drawn along ! tops ( ^! columns w\ld be a normal probability curve4 ,diagram by ,c4 ,h4 ,pop5oe4 ,:5ev] a l>ge en\gh numb] ( individuals is te/$1 ^! diff]5ces arrange !mselves 9 ! same g5]al =m4 ,x is ! =m assum$ by ! di/ribution ( any diff]5ces t are gov]n$ absolutely by *ance4 ,suppose an exp]t m>ksman %oots a ?\s& times at ! c5t] ( a c]ta9 picket 9 a picket f5ce1 & t !re is no w9d or any o!r s\rce ( con/ant error t w\ld di/ort 8 aim4 ,9 ! long run1 ! greate/ numb] ( 8 %ots w\ld be 9 ! picket aim$ at1 & ( 8 misses !re w\ld be j z _m on "o side z on ! o!r1 j z _m above z bel[ ! c5t]4 ,n[ if all ! %ots1 z !y /ruck ! f5ce1 c\ld drop into a box bel[1 :i* _h a comp>tm5t = ea* picket1 x w\ld be f\nd at ! end ( 8 practice t ! comp>tm5ts 7 fill$ up unequally1 mo/ bullets be+ 9 t repres5t+ ! middle picket & lea/ 9 ! outside ones4 ,! int]m$iate comp>tm5ts w\ld h int]m$iate numb]s ( bullets4 ,! :ole s*eme is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,if a l9e be drawn to connect ! tops ( all ! columns ( bullets1 x w make a r\gh curve or graph1 :i* repres5ts a typical *ance di/ribution4 ,x w be evid5t to anyone t ! di/ribution 0 really gov]n$ by *ance1 i4e41 a multiplicity ( causes too complex to p]mit detail$ analysis4 ,! imag9>y %>p-%oot] 0 an exp]t1 & he 0 try+ to hit ! same spot ) ea* %ot4 ,! deviation f ! c5t] is b\nd to be ! same on all sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,! ,*ance or ,probability ,=m ( ,di/ribution4 ,n[ suppose a s]ies ( measurem5ts ( a ?\s& *ildr5 be tak5 91 let u say1 ! ability to d #ah problems 9 subtraction 9 #aj m9utes4 ,a few ( !m f9i% only "o problem 9 t "t2 a few m d two1 m /ill are able to complete ?ree1 & s on up4 ,! great bulk ( ! *ildr5 get ?r\gh f #h to #ab problems 9 ! allott$ "t2 a few f9i% ! :ole task4 ,n[ if we make a column = all ^? :o did "o problem1 ano!r column beside x = all ^? :o did two1 & s on up = ^? :o did ?ree1 f\r & on to eighte51 a l9e drawn ov] ! tops ( ! columns make a curve l ! above f ,?orndike4 ,comp>+ ?is curve ) ! "o =m$ by ! m>ksman's sp5t bullets1 "o c n help be+ /ruck by ! simil>ity4 ,if ! fir/ repres5t$ a di/ribution gov]n$ purely by *ance1 x is evid5t t ! *ildr5's ability seems to be di/ribut$ 9 accordance ) a simil> law4 ,) ! limit$ numb] ( categories us$ 9 ?is example1 x w\ld n be possible to get a smoo? curve1 b only a k9d ( /ep pyramid4 ,) an increase 9 ! numb] ( categories1 ! /eps become small]4 ,) a hundr$ problems to "w out1 in/ead ( #ah1 ! curve w\ld be some?+ l ?is3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,probability curve ) increas$ numb] ( /eps4 ,& ) an inf9ite numb]1 ! /eps w\ld disappe> altoge!r1 leav+ a p]fectly smoo?1 fl[+ l9e1 unm>r$ by a s+le /ep or break4 ,x w\ld be an absolutely cont9u\s di/ribution4 ,if !n1 ! results ( all ! te/s t h be5 made on all m5tal traits be /udi$1 x w be f\nd t human m5tal ability z %[n 9 at lea/ #ie ( all ! traits t h be5 measur$1 is di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! race 9 v>i\s degrees1 9 accordance ) ! law ( *ance1 & t if "o c\ld measure all ! memb]s ( ! species & plot a curve = ^! measurem5ts1 9 any trait1 he w\ld get ?is smoo?1 cont9u\s curve4 ,9 o!r words1 human be+s are n %>ply divid$ into classes1 b ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m %ade (f into ea* o!r1 al?\gh betwe5 ! be/ & ! wor/1 9 any respect1 !re is a great gulf4 ,if ?is /atem5t applies to simple traits1 su* z memory = numb]s1 x mu/ also apply to comb9ations ( simple traits 9 complex m5tal processes4 ,= practical purposes1 we are !re=e ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t 9 respect ( any m5tal quality1--ability1 indu/ry1 effici5cy1 p]si/5ce1 att5tiv5ess1 neatness1 hone/y1 any?+ y l1--9 any l>ge gr\p ( p1 su* z ! :ite inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "s individuals w be f\nd :o %[ ! "* 9 "q 9 a v l[ degree1 "s :o %[ x 9 a v high degree2 & !re w be f\nd e possible degree 9 betwe54 ,illu/ration3 ,,normal ,,v>iability ,,curve ,,foll[+ ,,law ,,( ,,*ance ,,fig4 #ac4--,! above photograph 7f ,a4 ,f4 ,blakeslee71 %[s beans roll+ d[n an incl9$ plane & accumulat+ 9 comp>tm5ts at ! base :i* are clos$ 9 front by glass4 ,! exposure 0 long en\gh to cause ! mov+ beans to appe> z cat]pill>-l objects hopp+ along ! bo>d4 ,assum+ t ! irregul>ity ( %ape ( ! beans is su* t ea* may make jumps t[>d ! "r or t[>d ! left1 9 roll+ d[n ! bo>d1 ! laws ( *ance lead to ! expectation t 9 v few cases w ^! jumps all be 9 ! same direction1 z is demon/rat$ by ! few beans collect$ 9 ! comp>tm5ts at ! extreme "r & left4 ,r ! beans w t5d to jump 9 bo? "r & left directions1 ! mo/ probable condition be+ t 9 :i* ! beans make an equal numb] ( jumps to ! "r & left1 z is %[n by ! l>ge numb] accumulat$ 9 ! c5tral comp>tm5t4 ,if ! bo>d be tilt$ to "o side1 ! curve ( beans w\ld be alt]$ by ?is "o-sid$ influ5ce4 ,9 l fa%ion a s]ies ( factors--ei!r ( environm5t or ( h]$ity--if act+ equally 9 bo? favorable & unfavorable directions1 w cause a gr\p ( m5 to =m a simil> v>iability curve1 :5 classifi$ accord+ to _! relative height4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is = race progress are significant4 ,is x desir$ to elim9ate feeble-m9d$ness8 ,!n x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !re is no %>p di/9ction betwe5 feeble-m9d$ness & ! normal m9d4 ,"o c n divide %eep f goats1 say+ ,a is feeble-m9d$4 ,b is normal4 ,c is feeble-m9d$4 ,d is normal1 & s on4 ,if "o took a scale ( a hundr$ numb]s1 lett+ #a /& = an idiot & #ajj = a g5ius1 "o w\ld f9d individuals correspond+ to e s+le numb] on ! scale4 ,! only c\rse possible w\ld be a some:at arbitr>y "o2 say to consid] e individual correspond+ to a grade "u sev5 z feeble-m9d$4 ,x w\ld h to be recogniz$ t ^? grad$ eight 7 n mu* bett] ?an ^? grad$ sev51 b ! draw+ ( ! l9e at sev5 w\ld be ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd t x _h to be drawn some:]e1 & sev5 seem$ to be ! mo/ satisfactory po9t4 ,9 practice ( c\rse1 /ud5ts ( ret>dation te/ *ildr5 by /&>diz$ scales4 ,te/+ a hundr$ #aj-ye>-old *ildr51 ! exam9] might f9d a numb] :o 7 able to d only ^? te/s :i* are pass$ by a normal six-ye>-old *ild4 ,he might prop]ly decide to put all :o ?us %[$ f\r ye>s ( ret>dation1 9 ! class ( feeble-m9d$2 & he might ju/ifiably decide t ^? :o te/$ sev5 ye>s 7i4e41 ?ree ye>s m5tal ret>dation7 or less w\ld1 = ! pres5t1 be giv5 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt1 & class$ among ! possibly normal4 ,su* a proc$ure1 9 deal+ ) intellig5ce1 is necess>y & ju/ifiable1 b its adoption mu/ n bl9d /ud5ts1 z x (t5 does1 to ! fact t ! di/9ction made is an arbitr>y "o1 & t !re is no m a h>d & fa/ l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 imbeciles & normals ?an !re is betwe5 ri* m5 & poor m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,cadets ,,arrang$ ,,to ,,%[ ,,normal ,,curve ,,( ,,v>iability ,,fig4 #ad4--,! above company ( /ud5ts at ,connecticut ,agricultural ,college 0 gr\p$ accord+ to height & photograph$ by ,a4 ,f4 ,blakeslee4 ,! height ( ea* rank1 & ! numb] ( m5 ( t height1 is %[n by ! figures und]nea? ! photograph4 ,! company con/itutes :at is te*nically kn[n z a population gr\p$ 9 arrays ( v>iates2 ! middle rank gives ! m$ian height ( ! population2 ! talle/ array 7#e ft41 #h 947 is ! mode4 ,if a l9e be drawn connect+ ! upp] ends ( ! r[s1 ! result+ geometric figure w be a s*eme ( di/ribution ( v>iates or m briefly a v>iability curve1 su* z 0 %[n 9 sev]al prec$+ figures4 ,! arrangem5t ( homog5e\s objects ( any k9d 9 su* =m z ?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! /udy ( v>iation by mod]n /ati/ical me?ods1 & on su* /udy mu* ( ! progress ( g5etics dep5ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,height is "o ( ! /ock examples ( a cont9u\s "*--"o ( :i* all grades c be f\nd4 ,z w be se5 f ! above diagram1 e height f consid]ably "u five feet to consid]ably ov] six feet c be f\nd 9 ! army1 b extreme deviations are relatively r>e 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( deviation4 ,! v]tical columns repres5t ! total numb] ( individuals ( a giv5 height 9 in*es4 ,f ,dav5port4 ,if a gr\p ( soldi]s be measur$ z ! *ildr5 7 measur$ = ari?metical ability1 _! height w be di/ribut$ 9 ?is same curve ( probability4 ,fig4 #ad %[s ! cadets ( ,connecticut ,agricultural ,college2 x is obvi\s t a l9e drawn along ! tops ( ! files w\ld aga9 make ! /ep-pyramid %[n 9 ,figures #aj1 #aa & #ac4 ,if a l>g] numb] 7 tak51 ! /eps w\ld disappe> & give place to a smoo? curve2 ! fact is well %[n 9 a graph = ! heights ( recruits to ! ,am]ican ,army 7,fig4 #ae74 ,! inve/igation 9 ?is direction ne$ n be pursu$ any f>!r4 ,= ! purpose ( eug5ics1 x is suffici5t to recognize t great diff]5ces exi/ betwe5 m51 & wom51 n only 9 respect ( physical traits1 b equally 9 respect ( m5tal ability4 ,?is conclusion might easily h be5 rea*$ f a /udy ( ! facts 9 ,*apt] ,i1 b x seem$ wor? :ile to take "t to pres5t ! fact 9 a m concrete =m z ! result ( actual measurem5ts4 ,! evid5ce all[s no d\bt ab\t ! exi/5ce ( consid]able m5tal & physical diff]5ces betwe5 m54 ,! "q naturally arises1 ,:at is ! cause ( ^! diff]5ces8 ,! /udy ( tw9s %[$ t ! diff]5ces c\ld n be due to diff]5ces 9 tra9+ or home surr\nd+s4 ,if ! read] w ?9k back ov] ! facts set =? 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 he w see cle>ly t ! fundam5tal diff]5ces 9 m5 c n be due to any?+ t happ5s aft] !y are born2 & ! facts pres5t$ 9 ! second *apt] %[$ t ^! diff]5ces c n be due 9 an important degree to any influ5ces act+ on ! *ild prior to bir?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,( ,,m5tal ,,capacities ,we h come to ! climax ( ! eug5i/'s prelim9>y argum5t2 if ! ma9 diff]5ces betwe5 human be+s are n due to any?+ 9 ! environm5t or tra9+1 ei!r ( ?is or previ\s g5]ations1 !re c be b "o explanation = !m4 ,!y mu/ be due to ! ance/ry ( ! individual--t is1 !y mu/ be matt]s ( h]$ity 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 c\pl$ ) ! =tuit\s v>iations :i* accompany h]$ity ?r\gh\t ! organic _w4 ,we ne$ n limit ourselves1 h[ev]1 to ! argum5t by exclusion1 = x is n difficult to pres5t direct evid5ce t ! diff]5ces betwe5 m5 are actually inh]it$ by *ildr5 f p>5ts4 ,! problem1 =mally /at$1 is to measure ! am\nt by :i* ! lik5ess ( individuals ( l ance/ry surpasses ! lik5ess ( individuals ( diff]5t ance/ry4 ,aft] subtraction ( ! necess>y am\nt = ! great] lik5ess 9 tra9+1 t ! individuals ( l ance/ry w h1 :atev] am\nt is left w necess>ily1 repres5t ! actual inh]itance ( ! *ild f its ance/ors--p>5ts1 gr&p>5ts1 & s on4 ,obvi\sly1 ! subtraction = environm5tal effects is ! po9t at :i* a mi/ake is mo/ probable4 ,we may safely />t1 !re=e1 ) a problem 9 :i* no subtraction :atev] ne$ be made = ?is cause4 ,eye color is a /ock example1 & a good "o1 = x is n conceivable t home environm5t or tra9+ w\ld cause a *ange 9 ! color ( bro!rs' eyes4 ,! correlation#cj betwe5 bro!rs1 or si/]s1 or bro!rs & si/]s--briefly1 ! frat]nal resemblance--= eye-color 0 f\nd by ,k>l ,pe>son1 us+ ! me?od describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i1 to be 4#eb4 ,we are 9 no dang] ( contradiction if we /ate ) positiv5ess t ?is figure repres5ts ! influ5ce ( ance/ry1 or direct inh]itance1 9 respect to ?is p>ticul> trait4 ,suppose ! resemblance betwe5 bro!rs be measur$ = /ature--x is 4#ea2 = cephalic index1 t is1 ! ratio ( wid? ( skull to l5g? ( skull--x is 4#di2 = hair color--x is 4#ei4 ,9 all ( ^! po9ts1 x w be admitt$ t no home tra9+1 or any o!r influ5ce except h]$ity1 c conceivably play an important "p4 ,we c\ld g on ) a long li/ ( su* measurem5ts1 :i* biometri/s h made2 & if !y 7 all summ$ up x w\ld be f\nd t ! frat]nal correlation 9 ^! traits z to ! h]itability ( :i* !re c be no dispute1 is ab\t 4#eb4 ,"h is a good measure1 albeit a te*nical "o1 ( ! influ5ce ( h]$ity f ! ne> ance/ry4 ,x is possible1 too1 to measure ! direct correlation betwe5 a trait 9 p>5t & ! same trait 9 (fspr+2 ! av]age ( _m cases :]e only h]$ity c be ?\ght to h _h any effect 9 produc+ ! result1 is 4#di4 ,by ! two me?ods ( measurem5t1 !re=e1 q comp>able results are obta9$4 ,s mu* "w has be5 done 9 ?is subject t we h no hesitation 9 affirm+ 4#e to repres5t approximately ! av]age int5sity ( h]$ity = physical *>act]s 9 man4 ,if any well-m>k$ physical "* be measur$1 9 :i* tra9+ & environm5t c n be assum$ to h _h any "p1 x w be f\nd1 9 a l>ge en\gh numb] ( subjects1 t ! resemblance1 measur$ on a scale f #j to #a1 is j ab\t "o-half ( unity4 ,( c\rse1 p]fect id5tity ) ! p>5ts is n to be expect$1 because ! *ild mu/ inh]it f bo? p>5ts1 :o 9 turn ea* inh]it$ f two p>5ts1 & s on4 ,s f>1 x may be said1 we h _h pla9 sail+ because we h c>efully *os5 traits 9 :i* we 7 n oblig$ to make any subtraction :atev] = ! influ5ce ( tra9+4 ,b x is evid5t t n all traits fall 9 t class4 ,?is is ! po9t at :i* ! inh]itance ( m5tal traits has be5 mo/ (t5 que/ion$4 ,probably no "o w c>e to dispute ! inh]itance ( su* physical traits z eye-color4 ,b 9 consid]+ ! m9d1 a c]ta9 s*ool ( popul> pseudo-psy*ological writ]s "q ! reality ( m5tal inh]itance1 & allege t ! pro(s :i* ! g5etici/ (f]s are wor?less because !y d n make acc\nt ( ! simil>ity 9 environm5t or tra9+4 ,( c\rse1 x is admitt$ t "s sort ( a m5tal gr\ndwork mu/ be inh]it$1 b extremi/s allege t ?is is little m ?an a clean slate on :i* ! environm5t1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( *ildhood1 writes its autograph4 ,we mu/ grant t ! analysis ( ! inh]itance ( m5tal traits is proce$+ sl[ly4 ,?is is n ! fault ( ! g5etici/1 b r ( ! psy*ologi/1 :o has n yet be5 able to furni% ! g5etici/ ) ! description ( def9ite traits ( su* a "* z to make possible ! exhau/ive analysis ( _! individual inh]itance4 ,t dep>tm5t ( psy*ology is only n[ be+ =m$4 ,we might ev5 admit t no inh]it$ unit "* 9 ! m9d has yet be5 isolat$2 b x w\ld be a great mi/ake to assume f ?is admission t pro( ( ! inh]itance ( m5tal qualities1 9 g5]al1 is lack+4 ,! psy*ologi/s & educators :o ?9k s appe> ei!r to be sway$ by metaphysical views ( ! m9d1 or else to believe t resemblance betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+ is ! only evid5ce ( inh]itance t c be (f]$4 ,! fa!r dislikes *eese1 ! son dislikes *eese4 ,aha1 y ?9k t t is ! inh]itance ( a dislike = *eese1 cries ! critic1 b we w tea* y bett]4 ,an int]e/+ example ( ?is sort ( tea*+ is furni%$ by ,boris ,sidis1 ^: feel+s are outrag$ because g5etici/s h repres5t$ t "s =ms ( insanity are h]$it>y4 ,he declaims = sev]al pages#ca 9 ?is fa%ion3 ,! s-call$ sci5tific me?od ( ! eug5i/s is radically faulty1 9 spite ( ! ri* display ( color$ plates1 /a9$ tables1 glitt]+ biological speculations1 brilliant ma!matical =mul & complicat$ /ati/ical calculations4 ,! eug5i/s pile ,ossa on ,pelion ( facts by ! simple me?od ( enum]ation :i* ,bacon & ! ?9k]s com+ aft] him h long ago condemn$ z pu]ile & futile4 ,f ! savage's belief 9 sympa!tic1 imitative magic ) its consequ5t sup]/itions1 om5s1 & taboos d[n to ! articles ( fai? & dogmas ( ! eug5i/s we f9d ! same faulty1 primitive ?\ght1 guid$ by ! pu]ile1 imbecile me?od ( simple enum]ation1 & controll$ by ! wisdom ( ! logical po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc4 ,n[ if resemblance betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+ 71 z ,dr4 ,sidis supposes1 ! only evid5ce ( inh]itance ( m5tal traits :i* ! eug5i/ c produce1 8 case w\ld inde$ be weak4 ,& x is p]fectly true t evid5ce ( ?is k9d has sometimes be5 advanc$ z suffici5t by g5etici/s :o %\ld h kn[n bett]4 ,b ?is is n ! real evid5ce :i* g5etics (f]s4 ,! evid5ce is ( num]\s k9ds1 & sev]al l9es might be de/roy$ )\t impair+ ! validity ( ! rema9d]4 ,x is impossible to review ! :ole body ( evid5ce "h1 b "s ( ! v>i\s k9ds may be indicat$1 & samples giv51 ev5 ?\gh ?is involves ! necessity ( repeat+ "s ?+s we h said 9 e>li] *apt]s4 ,! read] w !n be able to =m 8 own op9ion z to :e!r ! g5etici/s' pro(s or ! m]e assurances ( ^? :o h n /udi$ ! subject are ! m weighty4 #a4 ,! analogy f bre$+ exp]im5ts4 ,tame rats1 = in/ance1 are v docile2 _! (fspr+ c be h&l$ )\t a bit ( tr\ble4 ,! wild rat1 on ! o!r h&1 is n at all docile4 ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 writes3#cb ,we h repeat$ly mat$ tame female rats ) wild males1 ! mo!rs be+ remov$ to isolat$ cages be=e ! bir? ( ! "y4 ,^! "y :i* _h nev] se5 or be5 ne> _! fa!r 7 v wild 9 disposition 9 e case4 ,! obs]vations ( ,y]kes on su* rats rais$ by u indicates t _! wildness 0 n q z extreme z t ( ! pure wild rat b closely approa*$ x4 ,:o c sugge/ any plausible explanation ( _! conduct1 save t !y inh]it$ a c]ta9 temp]am5t f _! sire8 ,yet ! inh]itance ( temp]am5t is "o ( ! ?+s :i* c]ta9 psy*ologi/s mo/ view ) al>m4 ,if x is prov$ 9 o!r animals1 c x be consid]$ :olly impossible 9 man8 #b4 ,! segregation ( m5tal traits4 ,:5 an insane1 or epileptic1 or feeble-m9d$ p]son mates ) a normal individual1 9 ^: family no ta9t is f\nd1 ! (fspr+ 7g5]ally speak+7 w be m5tally s\nd1 ev5 ?\gh "o p>5t is n4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if two p f ta9t$ /ocks m>ry1 al?\gh nei!r "o may be p]sonally defective1 "p ( _! (fspr+ w be affect$4 ,?is production ( s\nd *ildr5 f an uns\nd p>5t1 9 ! fir/ case1 & uns\nd *ildr5 f two app>5tly s\nd p>5ts 9 ! second case1 is exactly ! opposite ( :at "o w\ld expect if ! *ild gets 8 uns\ndness m]ely by imitation or contagion4 ,! diff]5ce c n reasonably be expla9$ by any diff]5ce 9 environm5t or ext]nal /imuli4 ,h]$ity (f]s a satisfactory explanation1 = "s =ms ( feeble-m9d$ness & epilepsy1 & "s ( ! diseases kn[n z insanity1 behave z recessives & segregate 9 j ! way m5tion$4 ,!re are abundant analogies 9 ! inh]itance ( o!r traits 9 man1 l[] animals & plants1 t behave 9 exactly ! same mann]4 ,if m5tal defects are inh]it$1 !n x is wor? :ile inve/igat+ :e!r m5tal excell5cies may n also be4 #c4 ,! p]si/5ce ( l qualities reg>dless ( diff]5ce 9 environm5t4 ,any p>5t ) op5 eyes mu/ see ?is 9 8 own *ildr5--mu/ see t !y reta9$ ! inh]it$ traits ev5 :5 !y left home & liv$ "u entirely diff]5t surr\nd+s4 ,b ! hi/ories ( tw9s furni% ! mo/ graphic evid5ce4 ,galton1 :o collect$ detail$ hi/ories ( ?irty-five pairs ( tw9s :o 7 closely alike at bir?1 & exam9$ _! hi/ory 9 aft] ye>s1 writes3#cc ,9 "s cases ! resemblance ( body & m9d _h cont9u$ unalt]$ up to old age1 not)/&+ v diff]5t conditions ( life2 9 o!r cases :]e "s dissimil>ity develop$1 x c\ld be trac$ to ! influ5ce ( an illness4 ,mak+ due all[ance = ! influ5ce ( illness1 yet in/ances d exi/ ( an app>5tly ?or\gh simil>ity ( nature1 9 :i* su* diff]5ces ( ext]nal circum/ances z may be consi/5t ) ! ord9>y conditions ( ! same social rank & c\ntry d n create dissimil>ity4 ,positive evid5ce1 su* z ?is1 c n be outweigh$ by any am\nt ( negative evid5ce4 ,fr$]ick ,adams ,woods has br\ght =w>d#cd a piece ( m exact evid5ce "u ?is head4 ,x is kn[n f _m quantitative /udies t 9 physical h]$ity1 ! influ5ce ( ! pat]nal gr&p>5ts & ! influ5ce ( ! mat]nal gr&p>5ts is equal2 on ! av]age "o pair w contribute no m to ! gr&*ildr5 ?an ! o!r4 ,if m5tal qualities are due r to e>ly surr\nd+s ?an to actual inh]itance1 ?is equality ( gr&p>5tal influ5ce is incr$ible 9 ! royal families :]e ,dr4 ,woods got 8 mat]ial2 = ! gr&*ild has be5 br\ght up at ! c\rt ( ! pat]nal gr&fa!r1 :]e he ought to h gott5 all 8 acquirem5ts1 & has p]haps nev] ev5 se5 8 mat]nal gr&p>5ts1 :o !re=e c\ld n be expect$ to impress _! m5tal peculi>ities on him by contagion4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,woods actually measur$ ! ext5t ( resemblance to ! two sets ( gr&p>5ts1 = m5tal & moral qualities1 he f\nd x to be ! same 9 ea* case2 z is inevitable if !y are inh]it$1 b z is incompreh5sible if h]$ity is n l>gely responsible = "o's m5tal make-up4 #d4 ,p]si/5ce ( unlike qualities reg>dless ( sam5ess 9 ! environm5t4 ,?is is ! conv]se ( ! prec$+ proposition1 b ev5 m conv9c+4 ,9 ! la/ p>agraph b "o1 we m5tion$ ,galton's /udy 7cit$ at "s l5g? 9 our ,*apt] ,i7 ( id5tical tw9s1 :o are s mu* alike at bir? = ! v good reason t !y h id5tical h]$ity4 ,?is h]$ity 0 f\nd to be n modifi$1 ei!r 9 ! body or ! m9d1 by ord9>y diff]5ces ( tra9+ & environm5t4 ,"s ( ,galton's hi/ories#ce ( ord9>y1 non-id5tical tw9s 7 also giv5 9 ,*apt] ,i2 two m foll[3 ,"o p>5t says3 ,!y h be5 treat$ exactly alike2 bo? 7 br\ght up by h&2 !y h be5 "u ! same nurse & gov]ness f _! bir?1 & !y are v fond ( ea* o!r4 ,_! increas+ dissimil>ity mu/ be ascrib$ to a natural diff]5ce ( m9d & "*1 z !re has be5 no?+ 9 _! treatm5t to acc\nt = x4 ,ano!r writes3 ,?is case is1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 some:at rem>kable = dissimil>ity 9 physique z well z = /rong contra/ 9 "*4 ,!y h be5 unlike 9 m9d & body ?r\gh\t _! lives4 ,bo? 7 re>$ 9 a c\ntry h\se & bo? 7 at ! same s*ools until ! age ( #af4 ,9 ! face ( su* examples1 c anyone ma9ta9 t diff]5ces 9 m5tal make-up are :olly due to diff]5t influ5ces dur+ *ildhood1 & n at all to diff]5ces 9 g]m9al make-up8 ,x is n necess>y to dep5d1 "u ?is head1 on m]e descriptions1 = accurate measurem5ts are available to demon/rate ! po9t4 ,if ! environm5t creates ! m5tal nature1 !n ord9>y bro!rs1 n m ?an f\r or five ye>s ap>t 9 age1 ought to be ab\t z closely simil> to ea* o!r z id5tical tw9s are to ea* o!r2 = ! family influ5ces 9 ea* case are practically ! same4 ,pr(essor ,?orndike1 by c>eful m5tal te/s1 %[$#cf t ?is is n true4 ,! ord9>y bro!rs come f diff]5t egg-cells1 &1 z is kn[n f /udies on l[] animals1 !y d n get exactly ! same inh]itance f _! p>5ts2 !y %[1 !re=e1 consid]able diff]5ces 9 _! psy*ic natures4 ,real id5tical tw9s1 be+ two halves ( ! same egg-cell1 h ! same h]$ity1 & _! natures are !re=e mu* m ne>ly id5tical4 ,aga91 if ! m9d is mold$ dur+ ! pla/ic ye>s ( *ildhood1 *ildr5 ought to become m alike1 ! long] !y are toge!r4 ,tw9s :o 7 unlike at bir? ought to resemble ea* o!r m closely at #ad ?an !y did at #i1 s9ce !y h be5 = five additional ye>s subject$ to ?is suppos$ly pot5t b v my/ical mold+ =ce4 ,"h aga9 ,pr(essor ,?orndike's exact measurem5ts explode ! fallacy4 ,!y are actually1 measurably1 less alike at ! old] age2 _! inborn natures are develop+ along pr$e/9$ l9es1 ) little reg>d to ! id5tity ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,h]$ity acc\nts easily = ^! facts1 b !y _c be squ>$ ) ! idea t m5tal diff]5ces are ! products solely ( e>ly tra9+4 #e4 ,diff]5tial rates ( increase 9 qualities subject to mu* tra9+4 ,if ! m9d is =m$ by tra9+1 !n bro!rs ought to be m alike 9 qualities :i* h be5 subject to little or no tra9+4 ,pr(essor ,?orndike's measurem5ts on ?is po9t %[ ! rev]se to be true4 ,! lik5ess ( v>i\s traits is det]m9$ by h]$ity1 & bro!rs may be m unlike 9 traits :i* h be5 subject$ to a l>ge & equal am\nt ( tra9+4 ,tw9s 7 f\nd to be less alike 9 _! ability at addition & multiplication1 9 :i* ! s*ools _h be5 tra9+ !m = "s ye>s1 ?an !y 7 9 ability to m>k (f ! ,a's on a pr9t$ %eet1 or to write ! opposites to a li/ ( words--feats :i* !y _h probably nev] be=e tri$ to d4 ,?is same proposition may be put on a broad] basis4#cg ,9 s f> z ! diff]5ces 9 a*ievem5t f\nd among/ a gr\p ( m5 are due to ! diff]5ces 9 ! quantity & quality ( tra9+ :i* !y _h _h 9 ! function 9 "q1 ! provision ( equal am\nts ( ! same sort ( tra9+ = all individuals 9 ! gr\p %\ld act to r$uce ! diff]5ces4 ,if ! addition ( equal am\nts ( practice does n r$uce ! diff]5ces f\nd among/ m51 ^? diff]5ces c n well be expla9$ to any l>ge ext5t by suppos+ !m to h be5 due to correspond+ diff]5ces 9 am\nt ( previ\s practice4 ,if1 t is1 inequalities 9 a*ievem5t are n r$uc$ by equaliz+ practice1 !y c n well h be5 caus$ by inequalities 9 previ\s practice4 ,if diff]5ces 9 opportunity cause ! diff]5ces m5 display1 mak+ opportunity m ne>ly equal = all1 by add+ equal am\nts to x 9 ea* case %\ld make ! diff]5ces less4 ,! facts f\nd are r />tl+4 ,equaliz+ practice seems to increase diff]5ces4 ,! sup]ior man seems to h got 8 pres5t sup]iority by 8 own nature r ?an by sup]ior advantages ( ! pa/1 s9ce1 dur+ a p]iod ( equal advantage = all1 he increases 8 lead4 ,?is po9t has be5 te/$ by su* simple devices z m5tal multiplication1 addition1 m>k+ ,a's on a pr9t$ %eet ( capitals & ! l2 all ! conte/ants made "s ga9 9 effici5cy1 b ^? :o 7 sup]ior at ! />t 7 proportionately f>!r ahead ?an ev] at ! end4 ,?is is :at ! g5etici/ w\ld expect1 b fits v ill ) "s popul> pseudo-sci5ce :i* d5ies t any *ild is m5tally limit$ by nature4 #f4 ,direct measurem5t ( ! am\nt ( resemblance ( m5tal traits 9 bro!rs & si/]s4 ,x is manife/ly impossible to assume t e>ly tra9+1 or p>5tal behavior1 or any?+ ( ! sort1 c h influ5c$ v m>k$ly ! *ild's eye color1 or ! l5g? ( 8 =e>m1 or ! ratio ( ! bread? ( 8 head to its l5g?4 ,a measure ( ! am\nt ( resemblance betwe5 two bro!rs 9 su* traits may v confid5tly be said to repres5t ! influ5ce ( h]$ity2 "o c feel no d\bt t ! *ild inh]its 8 eye-color & o!r physical traits ( t k9d f 8 p>5ts4 ,x w be recall$ t ! resemblance1 measur$ on a scale f #j to #a1 has be5 f\nd to be ab\t #j4e4 ,k>l ,pe>son measur$ ! resemblance betwe5 bro!rs & si/]s 9 m5tal traits--= example1 temp]1 consci5ti\sness1 introspection1 vivacity--& f\nd x on ! av]age to h ! same int5sity--t is1 ab\t #j4e4 ,/>* gets simil> results 9 /udy+ s*ool grades4 ,pr(essor ,pe>son writes3#ch ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ?is resemblance 9 ! psy*ological *>act]s is comp\nd$ ( two factors1 inh]itance on ! "o h& & tra9+ & environm5t on ! o!r4 ,if s1 "o mu/ admit t inh]itance & environm5t make up ! resemblance 9 ! physical *>act]s4 ,n[ ^! two sorts ( resemblance be+ ( ! same int5sity1 ei!r ! environm5tal influ5ce is ! same 9 bo? cases or x is n4 ,if x is ! same1 we are =c$ to ! conclusion t x is ins5sible1 = x c n influ5ce eye-color4 ,if x is n ! same1 !n x w\ld be a mo/ m>vel\s ?+ t ) v>y+ degrees ( inh]itance1 "s my/]i\s =ce always modifies ! ext5t ( home influ5ce1 until ! resemblance ( bro!rs & si/]s is br\ght s5sibly up to ! same int5sity6 ,occam's razor#ci w enable u at once to cut (f su* a !ory4 ,we are =c$1 ,i ?9k1 lit]ally =c$1 to ! g5]al conclusion t ! physical & psy*ical *>act]s 9 man are inh]it$ )9 broad l9es 9 ! same mann]1 & ) approximate int5sity4 ,! av]age p>5tal influ5ce is 9 itself l>gely a result ( ! h]itage ( ! /ock & n an extrane\s & additional factor caus+ ! resemblance betwe5 *ildr5 f ! same home4 ,a p>agraph f ,edg> ,s*u/]#dj may appropriately be add$4 ,aft] consid]+ ! publi%$ evid5ce a ^w mu/ be said ( facts :i* mo/ p may collect = !mselves4 ,!y are difficult to record1 b are p]haps m conv9c+ ?an any quantity ( /ati/ics4 ,if "o kn[s well sev]al memb]s ( a family1 "o is b\nd to see 9 !m lik5esses ) reg>d to m5tal traits1 bo? l>ge & small1 :i* may sometimes be acc\nt$ = by example on ! "o h& or unconsci\s imitation on ! o!r1 b are (t5 q inexplicable on any o!r !ory ?an h]$ity4 ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ ! inh]itance ( m5tal capacity c be d5i$ by ^? ^: eyes are op5 & ^: m9ds are op5 too4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is ( c\rse true t man inh]its no?+ m ?an ! capacity ( mak+ m5tal acquirem5ts4 ,b ?is g5]al capacity is made up ( _m sep>ate capacities1 all ( ^! capacities are v>iable1 & ! v>iations are inh]it$4 ,su* seems to u to be ! unmi/akable v]dict ( ! evid5ce4 ,our conclusions z to ! inh]itance ( all sorts ( m5tal capacity are n bas$ on ! m]e pres5ce ( ! same trait 9 p>5t & *ild4 ,z ! psy*ological analysis ( individual traits proce$s1 x w be possible to proce$ fur!r ) ! /udy ( ! inh]itance ( ^! traits4 ,"s "w has be5 done on spell+1 :i* is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ because mo/ p1 )\t reflection1 w\ld take x = grant$ t a *ild's spell+ ability dep5ds almo/ :olly on 8 tra9+4 ,pr(essor ,?orndike's exposition#da ( ! inve/igation is z foll[s3 ,e4 ,l4 ,e>le 7'#jc7 measur$ ! spell+ abilities ( "s #hjj *ildr5 9 ! ,/4 ,xavi] s*ool 9 ,new ,york by c>eful te/s4 ,z ! *ildr5 9 ?is s*ool commonly ent] at a v e>ly age1 & z ! /aff & me?ods ( tea*+ rema9 v con/ant1 we h 9 ! case ( ! #ahj pairs ( bro!rs & si/]s includ$ 9 ! #fjj *ildr5 closely simil> s*ool tra9+4 ,mr4 ,e>le measur$ ! ability ( any individual by 8 deviation f ! av]age = 8 grade & sex1 & f\nd ! coeffici5t ( correlation betwe5 *ildr5 ( ! same family to be 4#ej4 ,t is1 any individual is on ! av]age #ej z mu* above or bel[ ! av]age = 8 age & sex z 8 bro!r or si/]4 ,simil>ities ( home tra9+ might acc\nt = ?is1 b any "o exp]i5c$ 9 tea*+ w hesitate to attribute mu* efficacy to su* simil>ities4 ,bad spell]s rema9 bad spell]s ?\gh _! tea*]s *ange4 ,moreov]1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rice 9 8 exhau/ive /udy ( spell+ ability 7'#ig7 f\nd little or no relation%ip betwe5 good spell+ & any "o ( ! popul> me?ods1 & little or none betwe5 poor spell+ & =eign p>5tage4 ,cornman's m c>eful /udy ( spell+ 7'#jg7 supports ! view t ability to spell is little influ5c$ by su* diff]5ces 9 s*ool or home tra9+ z commonly exi/4 ,?is is a v cle>-cut case ( a def9ite intellectual ability1 diff]5ces 9 :i* might be suppos$ to be due almo/ :olly to ! *ild's tra9+1 b :i* seem1 on inve/igation1 to be l>gely due to h]$ity4 ,! problem may be exam9$ 9 /ill great] detail4 ,does a man m]ely inh]it manual skill1 let u say1 or does he inh]it ! precise k9d ( manual skill ne$$ to make a surgeon b n ! k9d t w\ld be useful to a wat*mak]8 ,is a man born m]ely ) a g5]aliz$ arti/ic ability1 or is x "o adapt$ solely =1 let u say1 music2 or fur!r1 is x adapt$ solely = viol9 play+1 n = ! piano8 ,galton1 9 8 pione] /udies1 s\ght = data on ?is "q4 ,9 reg>d to ,engli% judges1 he wrote3 ,d ! judges (t5 h sons :o succe$ 9 ! same c>e]1 :]e success w\ld h be5 impossible if !y _h n be5 gift$ ) ! special qualities ( _! fa!rs8 ,out ( ! #bhf judges1 m ?an "o 9 e n9e ( !m h be5 ei!r fa!r1 son or bro!r to ano!r judge1 & ! o!r high legal relation%ips h be5 ev5 m num]\s4 ,!re c n1 !n1 rema9 a d\bt b t ! peculi> type ( ability t is necess>y to a judge is (t5 transmitt$ by desc5t4 ,un=tunately1 we c n feel q z free f d\bt on ! po9t z ,galton did4 ,! judicial m9d1 if t be ! ma9 qualification = a judge1 might be inh]it$1 or x might be ! result ( tra9+4 ,su* a case1 /&+ alone1 is inconclusive4 ,galton simil>ly %[$ t ! sons ( /atesm5 t5d$ to be /atesm51 & t ! same 0 true 9 families ( great comm&]s1 lit]>y m51 poets & div9es4 ,9 8 li/ ( em95t pa9t]s1 all ! relatives m5tion$ are pa9t]s save f\r1 two ( :om 7 gift$ 9 sculpture1 "o 9 music & "o 9 embroid]y4 ,z to musicians1 ,m5delssohn & ,mey]be] are ! only ones 9 8 li/ ^: em95t k9sm5 a*iev$ _! success 9 o!r c>e]s ?an music4 ,havelock ,ellis1 :o likewise /udi$ ,briti% m5 ( g5ius1 ?r[s additional light on ! subject4 ,pa9t]s & sculptors1 he f\nd1 con/itute a gr\p :i* appe>s to be ( v di/9ct int]e/ f ! po9t ( view ( occupational h]$ity4 ,9 social orig91 x may be not$1 ! gr\p diff]s /rik+ly 9 con/itution f ! g5]al body ( m5 ( g5ius 9 :i* ! upp] class is almo/ or q pr$om9ant4 ,( #fc pa9t]s & sculptors ( def9itely kn[n orig91 only two c be plac$ 9 ! ari/ocratic division4 ,( ! rema9d] #g are ! sons ( arti/s1 #bb ! sons ( craftsm51 leav+ only #cb = all o!r occupations1 :i* are ma9ly ( l[] middle class "*1 & 9 _m cases trades t are v closely alli$ to crafts4 ,ev51 h[ev]1 :5 we omit ! trades z well z ! cases 9 :i* ! fa!rs 7 arti/s1 we f9d a v notable pr$om9ance ( craftsm5 9 ! p>5tage ( pa9t]s1 to su* an ext5t inde$ t :ile craftsm5 only con/itute #i4b among ! fa!rs ( our em95t p]sons g5]ally1 !y con/itute ne>ly #ce among ! fa!rs ( ! pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,x is difficult to avoid ! conclusion t !re is a real connection betwe5 ! fa!r's aptitude = craftsman%ip & ! son's aptitude = art4 ,to suppose t environm5t adequately acc\nts = ?is relation%ip is an inadmissible !ory4 ,! association betwe5 ! craft ( build]1 c>p5t]1 tann]1 jewell]1 wat*mak]1 woodc>v]1 ropemak]1 etc41 & ! pa9t]'s art is small at be/1 & 9 mo/ cases is non-exi/5t4 ,arreat1 inve/igat+ ! h]$ity ( #bjj em95t ,european pa9t]s1 rea*$ results simil> to ^? ( ,ellis1 accord+ to ! latt]'s citation4 ,ari?metical ability seems simil>ly to be subdivid$1 accord+ to ,miss ,cobb4#db ,%e made measurem5ts ( ! effici5cy ) :i* *ildr5 & _! p>5ts c\ld d problems 9 addition1 subtraction1 multiplication & division1 & c\ld copy a column ( figures4 ,! measurem5ts made1 %e writes1 %[ t if1 = in/ance1 a *ild is mu* quick] ?an ! av]age 9 subtraction1 b n 9 addition1 multiplication or division1 x is to be expect$ t "o at lea/ ( 8 p>5ts %[s a l trait2 or if he falls bel[ ! av]age 9 subtraction & multiplication1 & exce$s x 9 addition & division1 aga9 ! same w hold true ( at lea/ "o ( 8 p>5ts4 ,^! v>i\s k9ds ( ari?metic appe> to be due to diff]5t functions ( ! bra91 & are !re=e probably inh]it$ indep5d5tly1 if !y are inh]it$ at all4 ,to assume t ! resemblance betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+ 9 ari?metical ability is due to association1 tra9+ & imitation is n plausible4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 a class ( *ildr5 ought to come to resemble _! tea*]1 b !y d n4 ,moreov]1 ! *ild sometimes resembles m closely ! p>5t ) :om he has be5 less associat$ 9 daily life4 ,f su* data z ^!1 we conclude t m5tal inh]itance is consid]ably specializ$4 ,?is conclusion is 9 accord ) ,burris' f9d+ 7cit$ by ,?orndike7 t ! ability to d well 9 "s "o high s*ool /udy is ne>ly or q z mu* due to ance/ry z is ! ability to d well 9 ! c\rse z a :ole4 ,to sum up1 we h reason to believe n only t "o's m5tal "* is due l>gely to h]$ity1 b t ! details ( x may be equally due to h]$ity1 9 ! s5se t = any p>ticul> trait or complex 9 ! *ild !re is likely to be f\nd a simil> trait or complex 9 ! ance/ry4 ,su* a conclusion %\ld n be pu%$ to ! po9t ( assum+ inh]itance ( all sorts ( dispositions t might be due to e>ly tra9+2 on ! o!r h&1 a survey ( ! :ole field w\ld probably ju/ify u 9 conclud+ t any giv5 trait is m likely ?an n to be inh]it$4 ,! effect ( tra9+ 9 ! =mation ( ! *ild's m5tal "* is c]ta9ly mu* less ?an is popul>ly suppos$2 & ev5 = ! traits t are mo/ due to tra9+1 x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t !re are inh]it$ m5tal bases4 ,if ! read] has accept$ ! facts pres5t$ 9 ?is *apt]1 & our inf]5ces f ! facts1 he w admit t m5tal diff]5ces betwe5 m5 are at bottom due to h]$ity1 j z physical diff]5ces are2 t !y are app>5tly inh]it$ 9 ! same mann] & 9 approximately ! same degree4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,h]$ity ,we h n[ e/abli%$ ! bases = a practicable eug5ics program4 ,m5 diff]2 ^! diff]5ces are inh]it$2 !re=e ! make-up ( ! race c be *ang$ by any me?od :i* w alt] ! relative proportions ( ! contributions :i* diff]5t classes ( m5 make to ! foll[+ g5]ation4 ,= appli$ eug5ics1 x is suffici5t to "k t m5tal & physical diff]5ces are inh]it$2 ! exact mann] ( inh]itance x w\ld be important to "k1 b ev5 )\t a k ( ! details ( ! me*anism ( h]$ity1 a program ( eug5ics is yet :olly feasible4 ,x is no "p ( ! plan ( ?is book to ent] into ! details ( ! me*anism ( h]$ity1 a complicat$ subject = :i* ! read] c ref] to "o ( ! treatises m5tion$ 9 ! bibliography at ! close ( ?is volume4 ,x may be wor? :ile1 h[ev]1 to outl9e 9 a v summ>y way ! pres5t /atus ( ! "q4 ,z to ! details ( inh]itance1 rese>* has progress$ 9 ! la/ few ye>s f> beyond ! crude conceptions ( a decade ago1 :5 a primitive =m ( ,m5delism 0 made to expla9 ev]y?+ t occurr$4#dc ,"o c h>dly repress a smile at ! simplicity ( ^? e>ly ideas1--?\gh x mu/ be said t "s /ud5ts ( eug5ics h n yet outgr[n !m4 ,9 ^? days x 0 ?\ght t e visible "* 9 man 7or 9 any o!r organism7 0 repres5t$ by "s det]m9] 9 ! g]m-plasm2 t by suitable mat+s a bre$] c\ld rid a /ream ( g]m-plasm ( almo/ any det]m9] he wi%$2 & t ! correspond+ unit "* w\ld !reupon disappe> f ! visible make-up ( ! individual4 ,0 a family report$ z %[+ a ta9t1 = in/ance1 h]$it>y insanity8 ,!n x 0 ass]t$ t by ! prop] s]ies ( mat+s1 x 0 possible to squeeze out ( ! g]m-plasm ! p>ticul> concrete some?+ ( :i* insanity 0 ! visible expression1 & h left a family /ock t 0 p]fectly s\nd & sane4 ,! m9ute1 meticul\s rese>*es ( exp]im5tal bre$]s#dd h left su* a view ( h]$ity f> beh9d4 ,c]ta9ly ! la/ ^w has n be5 said2 yet ! pres5t hypo!ses "w1 :5ev] ! conditions are su* z to give a fair *ance4 ,! results ( ^! /udies h l$ to :at is call$ ! factorial hypo!sis ( h]$ity1#de accord+ to :i* all ! visible *>act]s ( ! adult are produc$ by 7purely hypo!tical7 factors 9 ! g]m-plasm2 x is ! factors t are inh]it$1 & !y1 "u prop] conditions = developm5t1 produce ! *>act]s4 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! e>li] view is t in/ead ( allott+ "o factor to ea* "*1 /ud5ts n[ believe t ea* individual "* ( ! organism is produc$ by ! action ( an indef9itely l>ge numb] ( factors1#df & !y h be5 fur!r =c$ to adopt ! belief t ea* individual factor affects an indef9itely l>ge numb] ( *>act]s1 ow+ to ! physiological int]relations & correlations ( e "p ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,d ,,y ,,clasp ,,y\r ,,h&s8 ,,fig4 #af4--;,if ! h&s be clasp$ naturally ) f+]s alt]nat+1 z %[n 9 ! above illu/ration1 mo/ p w put ! same ?umb--ei!r t ( ! "r or t ( ! left h&--upp]mo/ e "t4 ,frank ,e4 ,lutz %[$ 7,am]ican ,naturali/1 xliii7 t ! position assum$ dep5ds l>gely on h]$ity4 ,:5 bo? p>5ts put ! "r ?umb upp]mo/1 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! *ildr5 7 f\nd to d ! same4 ,:5 bo? p>5ts put ! left ?umb upp]mo/1 ab\t ?ree-fif?s ( ! *ildr5 did ! same4 ,no def9ite ratios c\ld be f\nd f ! v>i\s k9ds ( mat+s4 ,app>5tly ! mann] ( clasp+ h&s has no connection ) "o's "r-h&$ness or left-h&$ness4 ,x c h>dly be due to imitation = ! trait is su* a slight "o t mo/ p h n notic$ x be=e _! att5tion is call$ to x by ! g5etici/4 ,fur!rmore1 babies are f\nd almo/ always to clasp ! h&s 9 ! same way e "t4 ,! trait is a good illu/ration ( ! almo/ incr$ible m9ut5ess ) :i* h]$ity ent]s into a man's make-up4 ,photograph by ,john ,h[>d ,pa9e4 ,! sweet pea (f]s a good illu/ration ( ! widespread effects :i* may result f ! *ange ( a s+le factor4 ,9 addition to ! ord9>y climb+ v9e1 !re is a dw>f v>iety1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two seems to be prov$1 by exhau/ive exp]im5tal bre$+1 to be due to only "o inh]it$ factor4 ,yet ! action ( ?is "o factor n only *anges ! height ( ! plant1 b also results 9 *anges 9 color ( foliage1 l5g? ( int]nodes1 size & arrangem5t ( fl[]s1 "t ( op5+ ( fl[]s1 f]tility & viability4 ,aga91 a mutant /ock 9 ! fruit fly 7,drosophila7 has z its mo/ m>k$ *>act]i/ic v %ort w+s4 ,b ! factor = rudim5t>y w+s also produces o!r effects z well4 ,! females are almo/ completely /]ile1 :ile ! males are f]tile4 ,! viability ( ! /ocks is poor4 ,:5 flies ) rudim5t>y w+s are put into competition ) wild flies relatively few ( ! rudim5t>y flies come ?r\gh1 especially if ! culture is cr[d$4 ,! h9d legs are also %ort5$4 ,all ( ^! effects are ! results ( a s+le factor-diff]5ce4 ,to be /rictly accurate1 !n1 "o %\ld n say t a c]ta9 v>iation affects l5g? ( w+1 b t its *ief effect is to %ort5 ! w+4 ,"o may v5ture to guess1 ,t4 ,h4 ,morgan says1#dg t "s ( ! specific & v>ietal diff]5ces t are *>act]i/ic ( wild types & :i* at ! same "t appe> to h no survival value1 are only by-products ( factors ^: mo/ important effect is on ano!r "p ( ! organism :]e _! influ5ce is ( vital importance4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 ,pr(essor ,morgan cont9ues1 t an ov]/atem5t to ! effect t ea* factor may affect ! entire body1 is less likely to d h>m ?an to /ate t ea* factor affects only a p>ticul> "*4 ,! reckless use ( ! phrase 'unit "*' has done mu* to mislead ! un9itiat$ z to ! effects t a s+le *ange 9 ! g]m-plasm may produce on ! organism4 ,=tunately ! expression 'unit "*' is be+ less us$ by ^? /ud5ts ( g5etics :o are m c>eful 9 reg>d to ! implications ( _! t]m9ology4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,or?odactyly ,,fig4 #ag4--;,at ! left is a h& ) ! ?ird1 f\r? & fif? f+]s affect$4 ,! middle jo9ts ( ^! f+]s are /iff & _c be b5t4 ,at ! "r ! same h& is %[n1 clos$4 ,a normal h& 9 ! middle s]ves to illu/rate by contra/ ! nature ( ! abnormality1 :i* appe>s 9 e g5]ation ( sev]al l>ge families4 ,x is also call$ symphalangism1 & is evid5tly relat$ to ! bett]-kn[n abnormality ( bra*ydactyly4 ,photograph f ,fr$]ick ,n4 ,duncan4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,family ,,) ,,or?odactyly ,,fig4 #ah4--,squ>es d5ote males & circles females1 z is usual 9 ! *>ts compil$ by eug5i/s2 black circles or squ>es d5ote affect$ individuals4 ,a#a _h all f+]s affect$ 9 ! way %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag2 ,b#b _h all b "o f+] affect$2 ,c#b _h all b "o f+] affect$2 ,d#b _h all f+]s affect$2 ,d#c has all b =ef+]s affect$4 ,! family "h %[n is a bran*1 f\nd by ,f4 ,n4 ,duncan1 ( a v l>ge family fir/ describ$ by ,h>vey ,cu%+1 9 :i* ?is abnormality has run = at lea/ sev5 g5]ations4 ,x is an excell5t example ( an inh]it$ defect due to a s+le ,m5delian factor4 ,"o ( ! be/ atte/$ s+le *>act]s 9 human h]$ity is bra*ydactyly1 %ort-f+]ness1 :i* results 9 a r$uction 9 ! l5g? ( ! f+]s by ! dropp+ out ( "o jo9t4 ,if "o lumps toge!r all ! cases :]e any effect ( ?is sort is f\nd1 x is evid5t t normals nev] transmit x to _! po/]ity1 t affect$ p]sons always d1 & t 9 a mat+ betwe5 a normal & an affect$ p]son1 all ! (fspr+ w %[ ! abnormality4 ,x is a good example ( a unit "*4 ,b its effect is by no means conf9$ to ! f+]s4 ,x t5ds to affect ! entire skeleton1 & 9 a family :]e "o *ild is m>k$ly bra*ydactyl\s1 t *ild is g5]ally %ort] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! factor = bra*ydactyly evid5tly produces its prim>y effect on ! bones ( ! h&1 b x also produces a second>y effect on all ! bones ( ! body4 ,moreov]1 x w be f\nd1 if a numb] ( bra*ydactyl\s p]sons are exam9$1 t no two ( !m are affect$ to exactly ! same degree4 ,9 "s cases only "o f+] w be abnormal2 9 o!r cases !re w be a slight effect 9 all ! f+]s2 9 o!r cases all ! f+]s w be highly affect$4 ,:y is !re su* v>iation 9 ! results produc$ by a unit "*8 ,because1 presumably1 9 ea* individual !re is a diff]5t set ( modify+ factors or else a v>iation 9 ! factor4 ,x has be5 f\nd t an abnormality q l bra*ydactyly is produc$ by abnormality 9 ! pituit>y gl&4 ,x is !n fair to suppose t ! factor :i* produces bra*ydactyly does s by affect+ ! pituit>y gl& 9 "s way4 ,b !re mu/ be _m o!r factors :i* also affect ! pituit>y & 9 "s cases probably favor its developm5t1 r ?an h9d]+ x4 ,!n if ! factor = bra*ydactyly is depress+ ! pituit>y1 b if "s o!r factors are at ! same "t /imulat+ t gl&1 ! effect %[n 9 ! subject's f+]s w be mu* less m>k$ ?an if a gr\p ( modify+ factors 7 pres5t :i* act$ 9 ! same direction z ! bra*ydactyly factor1--to p]turb ! action ( ! pituit>y gl&4 ,?is illu/ration is l>gely hypo!tical2 b !re is no room = d\bt t e factor produces m ?an a s+le effect4 ,a :ite blaze 9 ! hair1 = example1 is a well-prov$ unit factor 9 man2 ! factor n only produces a :ite /reak 9 ! hair1 b affects ! pigm5tation ( ! sk9 z well1 usually result+ 9 "o or m :ite spots on "s "p ( ! body4 ,x is really a factor = piebaldism4 ,= ! sake ( cle> ?9k+1 !n1 ! idea ( a unit "* due to "s unit det]m9] or factor 9 ! g]m-plasm mu/ be giv5 up1 & x mu/ be recogniz$ t e visible "* ( an individual is ! result ( num]\s factors1 or diff]5ces 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,ord9>ily "o ( ^! produces a m notable contribution to ! end-product ?an d ! o!rs2 b !re are cases :]e ?is /atem5t does n appe> to hold good4 ,?is leads to ! conception ( multiple factors4 ,9 cross+ a :eat ) br[n *aff & "o ) :ite *aff1 ,h4 ,nilsson-,ehle 7#aiji7 expect$ 9 ! second hybrid g5]ation to secure a ratio ( #c br[n to #a :ite4 ,z a fact1 he got #adaj br[n & #id :ite1 a ratio ( #ae3a4 ,he int]pret$ ?is z mean+ t ! br[n color 9 ?is p>ticul> v>iety 0 due n to "o factor1 b to two1 :i* 7 equival5t to ea* o!r1 & ei!r "o ( :i* w\ld produce ! same result alone z w\ld ! two act+ toge!r4 ,9 fur!r cross+ r$ :eat ) :ite1 he secur$ ratios :i* l$ him to believe t ! r$ 0 produc$ by ?ree indep5d5t factors1 any "o ( :i* w\ld produce r$ ei!r alone or ) ! o!r two4 ,a4 & ,g4 ,h[>d lat] corroborat$ ?is "w1#dh b %[$ t ! ?ree factors 7 n id5tical3 !y are qualitatively slightly diff]5t1 al?\gh s closely simil> t ! ?ree r$s look alike at fir/ sight4 ,e4 ,m4 ,ea/ has obta9$ evid5ce f maize & ,g4 ,h4 ,%ull f %eph]d's-purse1 :i* be>s out ! multiple factor hypo!sis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,blaze ,,9 ,,! ,,hair ,,fig4 #ai4--,! :ite lock ( hair "h %[n is h]$it>y & has be5 trac$ back def9itely ?r\gh six g5]ations2 family tradition d]ives x f a son ( ,h>ry ,hot-,spur ,p]cy1 born 9 #adjc1 & fallaci\sly assigns its orig9 to pr5atal influ5ce or mat]nal impression4 ,?is "y woman inh]it$ ! blaze f h] fa!r1 :o _h x f 8 "m1 :o _h x f h] fa!r1 :o migrat$ f ,engl& to ,am]ica ne>ly a c5tury ago4 ,! trait appe>s to be a simple dom9ant1 foll[+ ,m5del's ,law2 t is1 :5 a p]son ) "o ( ^! locks :o is a *ild ( "o normal & "o affect$ p>5t m>ries a normal individual1 half ( ! *ildr5 %[ ! lock & half d n4 ,photograph f ,newton ,mill]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,family ,,( ,,spott$ ,,negroes ,,fig4 #bj4--,! piebald factor sometimes %[s itself z no?+ m ?an a blaze 9 ! hair 7see prec$+ figure72 b x may take a mu* m extreme =m1 z illu/rat$ by ! above photograph f ,q4 ,i4 ,simpson & ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,a41 a spott$ mutant1 f\nd$ a family :i* n[ comprises1 9 sev]al g5]ations1 #ag spott$ & #af normal (fspr+4 ,! :ite spott+ factor behaves z a ,m5delian dom9ant1 & ! expectation w\ld be equal numb]s ( normal & affect$ *ildr54 ,simil> :ite factors are kn[n 9 o!r animals4 ,x is wor? not+ t all ! well atte/$ ,m5delian *>act]s 9 man are abnormalities1 no normal "* hav+ yet be5 prov$ to be inh]it$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,ap>t f multiple factors z prop]ly def9$ 7t is1 factors :i* produce ! same result1 ei!r alone or toge!r71 ext5sive analysis usually reveals t app>5tly simple *>act]s are 9 reality complex4 ,! purple aleurone color ( maize se$s is attribut$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,em]son to five di/9ct factors1 :ile ,e4 ,baur f\nd f\r factors responsible = ! r$ color ( snapdragon blossoms4 ,!re are1 z ,g4 ,n4 ,coll9s says1#di /ill _m gross *>act]s t /& z simple ,m5delian units1 b few1 if any1 ( ^! occur 9 plants or animals t h be5 subject$ to ext5sive inve/igation4 ,!re is n[ su* a l>ge numb] ( *>act]s :i* at fir/ behav$ z units1 b :i* h s9ce be5 brok5 up by cross+ ) suitable select$ mat]ial1 t x seems n unreasonable to believe t ! rema9+ cases await only ! discov]y ( ! "r /ra9s ) :i* to hybridize !m to br+ ab\t correspond+ results4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t !re is a real segregation betwe5 factors z has be5 %[n1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t factors & _! det]m9]s are absolutely inv>iable4 ,?is has be5 too frequ5tly assum$ )\t adequate evid5ce by _m g5etici/s4 ,x is probable t j z ! multiplicity & int]relation & m9ut5ess ( _m factors h be5 ! pr9cipal discov]ies ( g5etics 9 rec5t ye>s t ! next few ye>s w see a great deal ( evid5ce foll[+ ! important lead ( ,ca/le & ,j5n+s1 z to v>iation 9 factors4 ,kn[+ t all ! *>act]s ( an individual are due to ! int]action ( num]\s factors1 "o mu/ be p>ticul>ly sl[ 9 assum+ t su* complex *>act]s z man's m5tal traits are units1 9 any prop] g5etic s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x w1 = in/ance1 require v /rong evid5ce to e/abli% feeble-m9d$ness z a unit "*4 ,no "o :o exam9es ! collect$ p$igrees ( families m>k$ by feeble-m9d$ness1 c d5y t x does appe> at fir/ sight to behave z a unit "*1 inh]it$ 9 ! typical ,m5delian fa%ion4 ,! psy*ologi/ ,h4 ,h4 ,godd>d1 :o />t$ out ) a /rong bias aga9/ believ+ t su* a complex trait c\ld ev5 behave z a unit "*1 ?\ght himself =c$ by ! tabulation ( 8 cases to adopt ! conclusion t x does behave z a unit "*4 ,& o!r eug5i/s h n hesitat$ to affirm1 ma9ly on ! /r5g? ( ,dr4 ,godd>d's rese>*es1 t ?is unit "* is due to a s+le det]m9] 9 ! g]m-plasm1 :i* ei!r is or is n pres5t1--no halfway bus9ess ab\t x4 ,h[ 7 ^! cases ( feeble-m9d$ness def9$8 ,! def9ition is purely arbitr>y4 ,ord9>ily1 any adult :o te/s mu* bel[ #ab ye>s by ! ,b9et-,simon scale is held to be feeble-m9d$2 & ! results ( ?is te/ v>y a little ) ! skill ( ! p]son apply+ x & ) ! edition ( ! scale us$4 ,fur!rmore1 mo/ ( ! feeble-m9d$ cases 9 in/itutions1 :]e ! ,m5delian /udies h usually be5 made1 come f families :i* are !mselves ( a l[ grade ( m5tality4 ,if ! :ole lot ( ^? exam9$ 7 measur$1 x w\ld be difficult to draw ! l9e betwe5 ! normals & ! affect$2 !re is n ne>ly s mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes1 z "o w\ld suppose :o only looks at a ,m5delian *>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,human ,,f+]-,,tip ,,fig4 #ba4--,! palms ( ! h&s & soles ( ! feet are cov]$ ) little ridges or corrugations1 :i* are suppos$ to be useful 9 prev5t+ ! grasp f slipp+2 :5ce ! "n ( friction-sk9 has be5 giv5 to ^! surfaces4 ,! ridges are develop$ into v>i\s patt]ns2 ! "o above is a loop on ! left =ef+]4 ,! ridges are /udd$ ) ! op5+s ( ! sweat gl&s1 ! elevat$ position ( :i* is suppos$ to prev5t !m f be+ clogg$ up2 fur!r1 ! moi/ure :i* !y secrete p]haps adds to ! friction ( ! sk94 ,friction-sk9 patt]ns are inh]it$ 9 "s degree4 ,photograph by ,john ,h[>d ,payne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,limits ,,( ,,h]$it>y ,,control ,,fig4 #bb4--,pr9t ( a f+]-tip %[+ a loop-patt]n1 enl>g$ ab\t eight times4 ,?is is a common type ( patt]n1 & at fir/ glance ! read] may ?9k x c\ld be mi/ak5 = "o ( 8 own4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 at lea/ sixty-five ridge *>act]i/ics on ! above pr9t1 :i* an exp]t w\ld recognize & w\ld use = ! purpose ( id5tification4 ,if x 7 f\nd t ! fir/ two or ?ree ( !m not$ correspond$ to simil> *>act]i/ics on ano!r pr9t1 ! exp]t w\ld h no d\bt t ! two pr9ts 7 made by ! same f+]4 ,9 police bureaus1 f+]-pr9ts are fil$ = ref]5ce ) a classification bas$ on ! type ( patt]n1 numb] ( ridges betwe5 two giv5 po9ts1 etc42 & a simple =mula results :i* makes x easy to f9d all pr9ts :i* be> a g5]al resemblance to ea* o!r4 ,! exact id5tity or lack ( x is !n det]m9$ by a comp>ison ( su* m9uti z ! sixty-five above enum]at$4 ,:ile ! g5]al outl9e ( a patt]n is inh]it$1 ^! small *>act]s d n seem to be1 b are app>5tly r due to ! /ret*+ ( ! sk9 z x gr[s4 ,illu/ration f ,j4 ,h4 ,taylor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,i ,q',s ,,( #ije ,,unselect$ ,,*ildr51 #e-ad ,,ye>s ,,( ,,age ,,! ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,intellig5ce ,,fig4 #bc4--;,diagram %[+ ! m5tality ( #ije unselect$ *ildr51 #e to #ad ye>s ( age1 :o may probably be tak5 z repres5tative ( ! :ole population4 ,! m$ian or talle/ column1 ab\t "o-?ird ( ! :ole numb]1 repres5ts ^? :o 7 normal or1 z a /ati/ician w\ld say1 m$iocre4 ,_! m5tal ages & *ronological ages 7 practically id5tical4 ,to ! left ( ^! ! dim9i%+ columns %[ ! numb] ^: m5tal ages fell %ort ( _! *ronological ages4 ,!y are ! m5tally ret>d$1 rang+ all ! way d[n to ! l[e/ "o-?ird ( "o p] c5t :o repres5t a v l[ grade ( feeble-m9d$ness4 ,on ! o!r side ! m5tally sup]ior %[ a simil> di/ribution4 ,a curve drawn ov] ! tops ( ! columns makes a good normal curve4 ,s9ce ! frequ5cy ( ! v>i\s grades ( intellig5ce decreases gradually & at no po9t abruptly on ea* side ( ! m$ian1 x is evid5t t !re is no def9ite divid+ l9e betwe5 normality & feeble-m9d$ness1 or betwe5 normality & g5ius4 ,psy*ologically1 ! m5tally defective *ild does n belong to a di/9ct type1 nor does ! g5ius4444 ,! common op9ion t extreme deviations bel[ ! m$ian are va/ly m frequ5t ?an extreme deviations above ! m$ian seems to h no f\ndation 9 fact4 ,among unselect$ s*ool *ildr51 at lea/1 = e *ild ( any giv5 degree ( defici5cy !re is r\ghly ano!r *ild z f> above ! av]age z ! =m] is bel[4 ,lewis ,m4 ,t]man1 ,! ,measurem5t ( ,intellig5ce1 pp4 #ff-fg4 ,x w\ld be well to ext5d our view by measur+ a :ole population ) "o ( ! /&>d te/s4 ,if ! intellig5ce ( a ?\s& *ildr5 pick$ at r&om f ! population be measur$1 x w prove 7z outl9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii7 t "s ( !m are feeble-m9d$1 "s are precoci\s or highly intellig5t2 & t !re is e possible degree ( intellig5ce betwe5 ! two extremes4 ,if a great numb] ( *ildr51 all #aj ye>s old1 7 te/$ = intellig5ce1 x w\ld reveal a few absolute idiots ^: intellig5ce 0 no m ?an t ( ! ord9>y infant1 a few m :o 7 z bright z ! ord9>y k9d]g>t5 *ild1 & s up to ! great bulk ( normal #aj-ye>-olds1 & f>!r to a few prize eug5ic specim5s :o _h z mu* intellig5ce z ! av]age college fre%man4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is trait ( g5]al intellig5ce w\ld be f\nd di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! population 9 accordance ) t same curve ( *ance1 :i* 0 discuss$ & illu/rat$ :5 we 7 talk+ ab\t ! diff]5ces betwe5 individuals4 ,n[ :at has become ( ! unit "*1 feeble-m9d$ness8 ,h[ c "o speak ( a unit "*1 :5 ! unit has an inf9ite numb] ( values8 ,is a cont9u\s quantity a unit8 ,if intellig5ce is due to ! inh]itance ( a va/1 b indet]m9ate1 numb] ( factors ( v>i\s k9ds1 ea* ( :i* is indep5d5t1 k ( h]$ity w\ld lead "o to expect t "s *ildr5 w\ld get m ( ^! factors ?an o!rs & t1 broadly speak+1 no two w\ld get ! same numb]4 ,all degrees ( intellig5ce betwe5 ! idiot & ! g5ius w\ld ?us exi/2 & yet we c n d\bt t a few ( ^! factors are m important ?an ! o!rs1 & ! pres5ce ( ev5 "o or two ( !m may m>k$ly affect ! level ( intellig5ce4 ,x may make ! matt] cle>] if we return = a mom5t to ! physical4 ,height1 bodily /ature1 (f]s a v good analogy = ! case we h j be5 discuss+1 because x is obvi\s t x mu/ dep5d on a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t factors1 a man's size be+ due to ! sum total ( ! sizes ( a great numb] ( bones1 ligam5ts1 tissues1 etc4 ,x is obvi\s t "o c be long 9 ! trunk & %ort 9 ! legs1 or vice v]sa1 & s on ?r\gh a great numb] ( possible comb9ations4 ,"h is a p]fectly measurable "* 7no "o has ev] claim$ t x is a g5etic unit "* 9 man al?\gh x behaves z su* 9 "s plants7 z to ! complex basis ( :i* all w agree4 ,& x is kn[n1 f common obs]vation z well z f p$igree /udies1 t x is n inh]it$ z a unit3 *ildr5 are nev] born 9 two discont9u\s classes1 tall & %ort1 z !y are ) color bl9dness or normal color vision1 = example4 ,is x n a fair assumption t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! app>5t unit "* ( feeble-m9d$ness1 & ! obvi\s non-unit "* ( height1 is a matt] ( diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( factors involv$1 diff]5ce 9 ! degree to :i* !y hang toge!r 9 transmission1 v>iation 9 ! factors1 & c]ta9ly diff]5ce 9 ! me?od ( measurem5t8 ,add t ! l9e betwe5 normal & feeble-m9d$ individuals is :olly arbitr>y1 & x seems t !re is little reason to talk ab\t feeble-m9d$ness z a unit "*4 ,x may be true t !re is "s sort ( an inhibit+ factor inh]it$ z a unit1 b x seems m likely t feeble-m9d$ness may be due to num]\s diff]5t causes2 t its pres5ce 9 "o *ild is due to "o factor or gr\p ( factors1 & 9 ano!r *ild to a diff]5t "o4#ej ,x does n fall :olly into ! class ( bl5d+ inh]itance1 = x does segregate to a consid]able ext5t1 yet "s ( ! factors may %[ bl5d+4 ,mu* m psy*ological analysis mu/ be done be=e ! "q ( ! inh]itance ( feeble-m9d$ness c be consid]$ solv$4 ,b at pres5t "o c say ) confid5ce ( ?is1 z ( o!r m5tal traits1 t l t5ds to produce l2 t l[ grades ( m5tality usually come f an ance/ry ( l[ m5tality1 & t bright *ildr5 are usually produc$ 9 a /ock t is m>k$ by intellig5ce4 ,mo/ m5tal traits are ev5 m complex 9 appe>ance ?an feeble-m9d$ness4 ,none has yet be5 prov$ to be due to a s+le g]m9al diff]5ce1 & x is possible t none w ev] be s demon/rat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,! tw9s ^: f+]-pr9ts are %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,int5sive g5etic rese>* 9 l[] animals & plants has %[n t a visible "* may be due to #a4 ,indep5d5t multiple factors 9 ! g]m-plasm1 z 9 ! case ( :eat m5tion$ a few pages back4 #b4 ,multiple allelomorphs1 t is1 a s]ies ( diff]5t grades ( a s+le factor4 #c4 ,"o di/9ct ,m5delian factor 7or sev]al su* factors71 ) modify+ factors :i* may cause ei!r 7a7 int5sification1 7b7 inhibition1 or 7c7 dilution4 #d4 ,v>iation ( a factor4 #e4 ,or sev]al or all ( ! above explanations may apply to "o case4 ,moreov]1 ! *>act]s ( :i* ! orig9 has be5 mo/ completely work$ out are mo/ly color *>act]s1 ^: physiological developm5t seems to be relatively simple4 ,x is probable t ! developm5t ( a m5tal "* is mu* m complicat$1 & !re=e !re is m likelihood ( additional factors be+ involv$4 ,to say1 !n1 t any m5tal trait is a unit "*1 or t x is due to a s+le g]m9al diff]5ce1 is to g beyond bo? ! evid5ce & ! probabilities4 ,& if m5tal traits are1 9 _! g]m9al f\ndations1 n simple b highly complex1 x foll[s t any advice giv5 z to h[ human mat+s %\ld be arrang$ to produce any precise result 9 ! prog5y1 %\ld be view$ ) di/ru/4 ,su* advice c be giv5 only 9 ! case ( a few pa?ological *>act]s su* z color-bl9dness1 night-bl9dness1 or ,hunt+ton's ,*orea4 ,x is well t ! man or woman int]e/$ 9 "o ( ^! abnormalities c get def9ite in=mation on ! subject2 & ,hunt+ton's ,*orea1 9 p>ticul>1 is a dysg5ic trait :i* c & %\ld be /amp$ out4 ,b x c n be pret5d$ t any ( man's traits1 z to ^: inh]itance pr$iction c be made ) confid5ce1 is ( great importance to national eug5ics4 ,9 %ort1 a k ( h]$ity %[s t attempts to pr$ict ! mode ( inh]itance ( ! important human traits 7p>ticul>ly m5tal traits7 are /ill unc]ta9 9 _! results4 ,! *>act]s involv$ are too complex to (f] any simple sequ5ces4 ,if two p>5ts h br[n eyes1 x c n be said t all _! *ildr5 w h br[n eyes2 /ill less c x be said t all ! *ildr5 ( two musically gift$ p>5ts are c]ta9 to be end[$ ) musical tal5t 9 any giv5 degree4 ,pr$iction is possible only :5 uni=m sequ5ces are f\nd4 ,h[ are su* sequ5ces to be f\nd 9 h]$ity1 if !y d n appe> :5 a p>5t & 8 (fspr+ are exam9$8 ,obvi\sly x is necess>y to exam9e a l>ge numb] ( p>5ts & _! (fspr+1--to treat ! problem by /ati/ical me?ods4 ,b1 x may be object$1 a uni=mity ga9$ by su* me?ods is spuri\s4 ,x is m]ely %utt+ ! eyes to ! mass ( contradictions :i* are conceal$ by an app>5t /ati/ical uni=mity4 ,?is objection w\ld be valid1 if ! /ati/ical results 7 us$ = pr$iction 9 individual cases4 ,! /ati/ician1 h[ev]1 expressly w>ns t 8 conclusions mu/ n be us$ = su* pr$iction4 ,!y are int5d$ to pr$ict only g5]al tr5ds1 only av]age results2 & = ?is purpose !y are :olly legitimate4 ,moreov]1 evolution itself is a problem ( /ati/ics1 & !re=e ! /ati/ical me?od ( /udy+ h]$ity may (f] results ( great value to eug5ics1 ev5 ?\gh x c n furni% 9 individual cases ! pr$iction :i* w\ld be desirable4 ,f ?is /&po9t1 we return to attack ! problem ( ! relation betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+4 ,we not$ t !re is no uni=m sequ5ce 9 a s+le family1 & illu/rat$ ?is by ! case ( br[n eyes4 ,b if a ?\s& p>5ts & _! (fspr+ be select$ & "s trait1 su* z eye-color1 or /ature1 or g5]al intellig5ce1 be measur$1 a uni=mity at once appe>s 9 ! fact ( regression4 ,its discov]]1 ,sir ,francis ,galton1 gives ?is acc\nt ( x3 ,illu/ration3 ,,f+]-,,pr9ts ,,( ,,tw9s ,,fig4 #be4--;,above are ! f+]-pr9ts1 suppli$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,taylor ( ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t1 ( ! two "y sailors %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,! read] might exam9e !m once or twice )\t see+ any diff]5ces4 ,sy/ematic comp>ison reveals t ! ?umbs ( ! left h&s & ! middle f+]s ( ! "r h&s p>ticul>ly are di/+ui%able4 ,f+]-pr9ts z a means ( id5tification 7 popul>iz$ by ,sir ,francis ,galton1 ! f\nd] ( eug5ics1 & _! sup]iority to all o!r me?ods is n[ g5]ally admitt$4 ,9 addition to ?is practical usefulness1 !y also furni% mat]ial = /udy ( ! g5etici/ & zologi/4 ,! ext5t to :i* h]$ity is responsible = ! patt]ns is indicat$ by ! resemblance 9 patt]n 9 spite ( ! great v>iability 9 ?is tract4 ,if ! ^w 'peculi>ity' be us$ to signify ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! am\nt ( any faculty possess$ by a man1 & ! av]age ( t possess$ by ! population at l>ge1 !n ! law ( regression may be describ$ z foll[s3 ea* peculi>ity 9 a man is %>$ by 8 k9sm51 b on ! av]age 9 a less degree4 ,x is r$uc$ to a def9ite fraction ( its am\nt1 q indep5d5tly ( :at its am\nt might be4 ,! fraction diff]s 9 diff]5t ord]s ( k9%ip1 becom+ small] z !y are m remote4 ,:5 ! k9%ip is s di/ant t its effects are n wor? tak+ into acc\nt1 ! peculi>ity ( ! man1 h[ev] rem>kable x may h be51 is r$uc$ to z]o 9 8 k9sm54 ,?is app>5t p>adox is fundam5tally due to ! great] frequ5cy ( m$iocre deviations ?an ( extreme ones1 occurr+ betwe5 limits sep>at$ by equal wid?s4 ,z to ! application ( ?is law1 let ,galton himself speak3 ,! ,law ( ,regression tells heavily aga9/ ! full h]$it>y transmission ( any gift4 ,only a few out ( _m *ildr5 w\ld be likely to diff] f m$iocrity s widely z _! ,mid-,p>5t i4 e41 ! av]age ( _! two p>5ts1 all[+ = sexual diff]5ces1 & /ill few] w\ld diff] z widely z ! m exceptional ( ! two p>5ts4 ,! m b\ntifully ! p>5t is gift$ by nature1 ! m r>e w be 8 good =tune if he begets a son :o is z ri*ly end[$ z himself1 & /ill m s if he has a son :o is end[$ yet m l>gely4 ,b ! law is ev5h&$2 x levies an equal succession-tax on ! transmission ( badness z ( goodness4 ,if x disc\rages ! extravagant hopes ( a gift$ p>5t t 8 *ildr5 on ! av]age w inh]it all 8 p[]s1 x n less disc\nt5ances extravagant fe>s t !y w inh]it all 8 weakness & disease4 ,x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood t !re is no?+ 9 ^! /atem5ts to invalidate ! g5]al doctr9e t ! *ildr5 ( a gift$ pair are mu* m likely to be gift$ ?an ! *ildr5 ( a m$iocre pair4 ,to ?is x %\ld be add$ t prog5y ( v great ability w arise m frequ5tly 9 proportion to ! quality ( _! p>5ts4 ,x mu/ be reit]at$ t ?is is a /ati/ical1 n a biological1 law2 & t ev5 ,galton probably goes a little too f> 9 apply+ x to individuals4 ,x w hold good = a :ole population1 b n necess>ily = only "o family4 ,fur!r1 we c af=d to remphasize ! fact t x 9 no way prev5ts ! improvem5t ( a race by selection & assortative mat+4 ,/ature is ! "* :i* ,dr4 ,galton us$ to get an exact measurem5t ( ! am\nt ( regression4 ,m rec5t /udies h *ang$ ! value he f\nd1 )\t invalidat+ 8 me?od4 ,:5 l>ge numb]s are tak5 x is n[ abundantly prov$ t if p>5ts exce$ ! av]age /ature ( _! race by a c]ta9 am\nt _! (fspr+ w1 9 g5]al1 exce$ ! racial av]age by only "o-half z mu* z _! p>5ts did4 ,?is is due1 z ,galton said1 to ! drag ( ! m remote ance/ry1 :i* :5 consid]$ z a :ole mu/ repres5t v ne>ly m$iocrity1 /ati/ically speak+4 ,! g5]al am\nt ( regression 9 h]$ity1 !n1 is "o-half4 ,if x be express$ z a decimal1 4#e1 ! read] w at once note its id5tity ) ! coeffici5t ( correlation :i* we h s (t5 cit$ 9 ?is book z a measure ( h]$ity4 ,9 fact1 ! coeffici5t ( correlation is no?+ m ?an a measure ( ! regression1 & x is probably simpl] to ?9k ( x z correlation ?an x is to speak ( a ,law ( ,regression1 z ,sir ,francis did4 ,?is correlation or regression c1 ( c\rse1 be measur$ = o!r ance/ors z well z = ! imm$iate p>5ts4 ,f /udies ( eye-color 9 man & coat-color 9 horses1 ,k>l ,pe>son work$ out ! necess>y correlations1 :i* are usually ref]r$ to z ! law ( ,ance/ral ,inh]itance4 ,dr4 ,galton _h po9t$ out1 ye>s be=e1 t ! contributions ( ! sev]al g5]ations ( individuals probably =m$ a geometrical s]ies1 & ,pr(essor ,pe>son calculat$ ?is s]ies1 = ! two cases m5tion$1 z3 ,p>5ts ,gr&p>5ts ,g-,gr&p>5ts ,g-,g-,gr&p>5ts 4#fbdd 4#aihh 4#jfcj 4#jbjb 444 etc4 ,9 o!r words1 ! two p>5ts1 toge!r1 w on ! av]age ( a great _m cases be f\nd to h contribut$ a little m ?an ?ree-fif?s ( ! h]$it>y peculi>ities ( any giv5 individual2 ! f\r gr&p>5ts w be f\nd responsible = a little less ?an "o-fif?1 & ! eight great-gr&p>5ts = ab\t six hundr$?s1 & s on1 ! contribution ( ea* g5]ation becom+ small] ) asc5t1 b ea* "o hav+1 9 ! av]age ( _m cases1 a c]ta9 def9ite ?\gh small influ5ce1 until inf9ity4 ,x c n be too /rongly emphasiz$ t ?is is a /ati/ical law1 n a biological law4 ,x mu/ n be appli$ to pr$ict ! "* ( ! (fspr+ ( any "o p>ticul> mat+1 = x might be highly mislead+4 ,x w\ld be :olly unju/ifi$1 = example1 to suppose t a c]ta9 man got ?ree-t5?s ( 8 nature f 8 fa!r1 because ! ,law ( ,ance/ral ,h]$ity requir$ x3 9 po9t ( fact1 he might get "o-t5? or n9e-t5?s1 none or all ( a giv5 trait4 ,b1 :5 deal+ ) a l>ge population1 ! errors on "o side balance ! errors on ! o!r1 & ! law is f\nd1 9 ! cases to :i* x has be5 appli$1 to express ! facts4#ea ,:ile1 !re=e1 ?is ,galton-,pe>son law gives no advice 9 reg>d to individual m>riages1 x is yet ( great value to appli$ eug5ics4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x cry/allizes ! vague realization t remote ance/ry is ( mu* less importance ?an imm$iate ance/ry1 to an individual1 :ile %[+ t e g5]ation has a "p 9 mak+ a man :at he is4 ,9 ! second place1 x is f\nd1 by ma!matical reason+ :i* ne$ n "h be repeat$1 t ! type ( a population may be quickly *ang$ by ! mat+ ( l ) l2 & t ?is newly e/abli%$ type may be ma9ta9$ :5 n capable ( fur!r progress4 ,regression is n inevitable1 = x may be ov]come by selection4 ,to put ! matt] 9 a m concrete =m1 !re is reason to ?9k t if = a few g5]ations sup]ior p w\ld m>ry only p on ! av]age sup]ior 9 l degree 7sup]ior 9 ance/ry z well z individuality71 a po9t w\ld be rea*$ :]e all ! (fspr+ w\ld t5d to be sup]ior1 m$iocrities ( ! =m] type be+ elim9at$2 & ?is sup]iority c\ld be ma9ta9$ z long z c>e 0 tak5 to avoid mat+ ) inf]ior4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,galton-,pe>son ,law gives /ati/ical support = a belief t eug5ic m>riages w create an improv$ bre$ ( m54 ,& ?is1 x seems to u1 is ! mo/ important implication ( t law = eug5ics1 al?\gh x is an implication t is g5]ally ignor$4 ,we d n propose to discuss fur!r ! laws ( h]$ity2 b x is likely t ! read] :o has made no o!r /udy ( ! subject may by ?is "t f9d himself some:at bewild]$4 ,c we talk only 9 g5]alities8 he may well ask2 ,does eug5ics "k no laws ( h]$ity t w guide me 9 ! *oice ( a wife8 ,i ?\ght t 0 ! purpose ( eug5ics6 ,we reply3 7#a7 ,! laws ( h]$ity are va/ly complicat$ 9 man by ! complex nature ( mo/ ( 8 *>act]s4 ,! def9ite way 9 :i* "s abnormalities are inh]it$ is kn[n2 b x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y to include an acc\nt ( su* facts 9 ?is "w4 ,!y are set =? 9 o!r books1 especially ,dav5port's ,h]$ity 9 ,relation to ,eug5ics4 ,! k ( h[ su* a trait z color-bl9dness is inh]it$ may be ( importance to "o man out ( a ?\s& 9 *oos+ a wife2 b we are tak+ a broad] view ( eug5ics ?an ?is4 ,z f> z ! great mass ( human *>act]s g1 !y are1 9 our op9ion1 due to s _m sep>ately inh]itable factors t x is n safe to dogmatize ab\t exactly h[ !y w behave 9 h]$ity4 ,su* k1 desirable z x may be1 is n necess>y = race progress4 7#b7 ,b x is possible1 ) pres5t k1 to say t human traits1 m5tal z well z physical1 are inh]it$1 9 a high degree4 ,ev5 be=e ! f9al details z to ! inh]itance ( all traits are work$ out--a task t is nev] likely to be accompli%$--!re is ample mat]ial on :i* to base action = eug5ics4 ,! basal diff]5ces 9 ! m5tal traits ( man 7& ! physical z well1 ( c\rse7 are kn[n to be due to h]$ity1 & little modifi$ by tra9+4 ,x is !re=e possible to raise ! level ( ! human race--! task ( eug5ics--by gett+ t half ( ! race :i* is1 on ! :ole1 sup]ior 9 ! traits t make = human progress & happ9ess1 to contribute a l>g] proportion to ! next g5]ation ?an does ! half :i* is on ! :ole inf]ior 9 t respect4 ,eug5ics ne$ "k no?+ m1 & ! smoke ( controv]sy ov] ! exact way 9 :i* "s trait or o!r is inh]it$ mu/ n be all[$ = an in/ant to obscure ! kn[n fact t ! level c be rais$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,natural ,,selection ,man has ris5 f ! ape *iefly ?r\gh ! action ( natural selection4 ,any s*eme ( consci\s race bett]m5t1 !n1 %\ld c>efully exam9e nature's me?od1 to le>n to :at ext5t x is /ill act+1 & to :at ext5t x may bett] be supplant$ or assi/$ by me?ods ( man's own inv5tion4 ,natural selection op]ates 9 two ways3 7#a7 ?r\gh a selective dea?-rate & 7#b7 ?r\gh a selective bir?-rate4 ,! fir/ ( ^! =ms has (t5 be5 consid]$ ! :ole ( natural selection1 b wrongly4 ,! second /eadily ga9s 9 importance z an organism rises 9 ! scale ( evolution2 until 9 man x is likely soon to dw>f ! le?al factor into insignificance4 ,= x is evid5t t ! appall+ slaught] ( all b a few ( ! individuals born1 :i* "o usually associates ) ! idea ( natural selection1 w take place only :5 ! numb] ( individuals born is v l>ge4 ,z ! reproductive rate decreases1 s does ! dea?-rate1 = a l>g] proportion ( ^? born are able to f9d food & to escape enemies4 ,:5 consid]+ man1 "o realizes at once t relatively few babies or adults />ve to dea?4 ,! selective dea?-rate !re=e mu/ include only ^? :o are unable to escape _! enemies2 & :ile ^! enemies ( ! species1 p>ticul>ly c]ta9 microrganisms1 /ill take a heavy toll f ! race1 ! progress ( sci5ce is likely to make x mu* small] 9 ! future4 ,! diff]5t aspects ( natural selection may be classifi$ z foll[s3 ,le?al ,su/5tative ,non-su/5tative ,natural selection ,reproductive ,sexual ,fecundal ,! le?al factor is ! "o :i* ,d>w9 himself mo/ emphasiz$4 ,obvi\sly a race w be /eadily improv$1 if ! wor/ /ock 9 x is cut (f be=e x has a *ance to reproduce1 & if ! be/ /ock survives to p]petuate its k9d4 ,?is pres]vation ( fav\rable individual diff]5ces & v>iations1 & ! de/ruction ( ^? :i* are injuri\s1 ,i h call$ natural selection1 or ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ,d>w9 wrote2 & he w5t on to %[ t ! pr9cipal *ecks on increase 7 ov]cr[d+1 ! difficulty ( obta9+ food1 de/ruction by enemies1 & ! le?al effects ( climate4 ,^! causes may be conv5i5tly divid$ z 9 ! above diagram1 into su/5tative & non-su/5tative4 ,! su/5tative factor has acquir$ p>ticul> prom95ce 9 ! human species1 s9ce ,mal?us wrote 8 essay on population--t essay :i* bo? ,d>w9 & ,wallace confess 0 ! />t+ po9t ( _! discov]y ( natural selection4 ,!re is a con/ant t5d5cy 9 all animat$ life to increase beyond ! n\ri%m5t prep>$ = x1 ,mal?us decl>$4 ,x is incontrov]tibly true t !re is no b\nd to ! prolific plants & animals1 b :at is made by _! cr[d+ & int]f]+ ) ea* o!rs' means ( subsi/5ce4 ,8 d$uction is well kn[n3 t z man t5ds to increase 9 geometrical ratio1 & c n hope to increase 8 food-supply m rapidly ?an 9 ari?metical ratio1 ! human race mu/ ev5tually face />vation1 unless ! bir?-rate be r$uc$4 ,d>w9 0 mu* impress$ by ?is argum5t & ev] s9ce 8 "t x has usually be5 ! f\ndation = any discussion ( natural selection4 ,nev]!less x is p>tly false = all animals1 z "o ( ! au?ors %[$#eb "s ye>s ago1 s9ce a species :i* regul>ly eats up all ! food 9 sight is r>e inde$2 & x is ( v little racial importance 9 ! pres5t-day evolution ( man4 ,sc>city ( food may put suffici5t pressure on him to cause emigration1 b r>ely dea?4 ,! importance ( ,mal?us' argum5t to eug5ics is too slight to w>rant fur!r discussion4 ,:5 ! non-su/5tative =ms ( le?al selection are consid]$1 x is se5 v cle>ly t man is n exempt f ! work+s ( ?is law4 ,a non-su/5tative =m ( natural selection takes place ?r\gh ! de/ruction ( ! individual by "s adv]se feature ( ! environm5t1 su* z excessive cold1 or bact]ia2 or by bodily defici5cy2 & x is indep5d5t ( m]e food-supply4 ,w4 ,f4 ,r4 ,weldon %[$ by a long s]ies ( measurem5ts1 = example1 t z ! h>bor ( ,plym\?1 ,engl&1 kept gett+ muddi]1 ! crabs :i* liv$ 9 x kept gett+ n>r[]2 ^? ) ! greate/ frontal bread? filt]$ ! wat] ent]+ _! gills lea/ effectively1 & di$4 ,b1 x 0 object$1 man is above all ?is4 ,he has ga9$ ! control ( 8 own environm5t4 ,! bloody h& ( natural selection may fall on crabs3 b surely y w\ld n h u ?9k t ,man1 ! ,"l ( ,creation1 %>es ! same fate8 ,biologi/s c\ld h>dly ?9k o!rwise4 ,/ati/icians 7 able to supply ! ne$$ pro(4 ,a selective dea?-rate 9 man c n only be demon/rat$ b x c be actually measur$4 ,! measure ( ! selective dea?-rate4 says#ec ,k>l ,pe>son1 to :om ?is a*ievem5t is due1 is extraord9>ily simple4 ,x consi/s 9 ! fact t ! inh]itance ( ! l5g? ( life betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+ is f\nd /ati/ically to be ab\t "o-?ird ( ! av]age inh]itance ( physical *>act]s 9 man4 ,?is c only be due to ! fact t ! dea? ( p>5t or ( (fspr+ 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( cases is due to r&om & n to con/itutional causes4 ,he arriv$ at ! conclusion#ed t #fj ( ! dea?s 7 selective1 9 ! ,quak] families :i* he 0 !n /udy+4 ,! exact proportion mu/ v>y 9 accordance ) ! nature ( ! mat]ial & ! environm5t1 b z ,a4 ,ploetz f\nd at lea/ #fj ( ! dea?s to be selective 9 ! ,european royal families & nobility1 :]e ! environm5t is uni=mly good1 !re is no reason to ?9k t ,pr(essor ,pe>son's conclusion is invalid4 ,dr4 ,ploetz#ee inve/igat$ ! relation betwe5 l5g? ( life 9 p>5ts1 & infant mortality1 9 ab\t #a1jjj families includ+ #e1ejj *ildr52 half ( ^! 7 f ! nobility & half f ! peasantry4 ,! results 7 ( ! same ord] 9 ea* case1 indicat+ t environm5t is a mu* less important factor ?an _m h be5 wont to suppose4 ,aft] discuss+ ,pr(essor ,pe>son's "w1 he cont9u$3 ,x seems to me t a simpl] result c be rea*$ f our mat]ial 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,s9ce ! great] *ild-mortality ( ea* ( our classes ( *ildr5 7divid$ accord+ to ! ages at dea? ( _! p>5ts7 indicates a high] mortality ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( _! lives1 ! (fspr+ ( p>5ts :o die "y w !re=e be elim9at$ 9 a high] degree1 t is1 remov$ f ! composition ( ! race1 ?an w ^? ^: p>5ts di$ late4 ,n[ ! elim9ation c be non-selective1 fall+ on all sorts ( con/itutions ) ! same frequ5cy & degree4 ,9 t case x w ( c\rse h no connection ) selection inside ! race4 ,or x may be ( a selective nature1 fall+ on its victims because !y diff] f ^? :o are n select$1 9 a way t makes !m less capable ( resi/+ ! pressure ( ! environm5t1 & avoid+ its dang]s4 ,!n we speak ( a selective process1 ( ! elim9ation ( ! weak] & ! survival ( ! /rong]4 ,s9ce 9 our exam9ation ( ! v>i\s causes ( ! diff]5ce 9 infant mortality1 9 ! v>i\s age-classes ( p>5ts1 we f\nd no suffici5t cause 9 ! effects ( ! environm5t1 :i* necess>ily conta9s all ! non-selective p]ils1 b f\nd ! cause to be 9 ! diff]5t con/itutions inh]it$ by ! *ildr51 we c n escape ! conclusion t ! diff]5ces 9 infant mortality :i* we obs]ve indicate a /rong process ( natural selection4 ,our tables also p]mit u to get an approximate idea ( ! ext5t ( selection by dea? among *ildr5 9 ! fir/ five ye>s ( life4 ,! m9imum ( infant mortality is rea*$ among ^? *ildr5 ^: p>5ts h atta9$ #he ye>s ( age4 ,s9ce ^! repres5t ! /ronge/ con/itutions1 ! mortality ( _! *ildr5 w\ld appe> to repres5t an absolute m9imum1 made up almo/ :olly ( *ance1 non-selective1 unavoidable dea?s4 ,z ! numb] ( *ildr5 f m>riages1 bo? p>ties to :i* rea*$ #he ye>s ( age1 is s small z to r5d] any safe conclusions impossible1 our only rec\rse is to take ! *ildr5 ( ! #he-ye>-old fa!rs & ! *ildr5 ( ! #he-ye>-old mo!rs1 add !m toge!r1 & /rike an av]age4 ,b we mu/ recognize t ! m9imum s obta9$ is nev]!less /ill too l>ge1 because among ! consorts ( ! long-liv$ fa!rs & mo!rs1 "s di$ e>ly ) ! result ( increas+ ! infant mortality4 ,! infant mortality ) ! #he-ye>-old fa!rs & mo!rs is f\nd to be #aa4b-ae4d1 av]age ab\t #ac4 ,! total *ild-mortality rea*es #ca-cb1 ( :i* ! #ac make ab\t #dj4 ,accord+ly at lea/ #fj1 & consid]+ ! above m5tion$ s\rces ( error we may say two-?irds1 ( ! *ild mortality is selective 9 "*4 ,t accords reasonably well ) ! #ee-gd :i* ,pe>son f\nd = ! ext5t ( selective dea?s 9 8 /udy4 ,9 g5]al1 !n1 "o may believe t m ?an a half ( ! p]sons :o die n[adays1 die because !y 7 n fit by by nature 7i4 e41 h]$ity7 to survive "u ! conditions into :i* !y 7 born4 ,!y are ! victims ( le?al natural selection1 ne>ly always ( ! non-su/5tative type4 ,z ,k>l ,pe>son says1 ,e man :o has liv$ ?r\gh a h>d w9t]1 e man :o has exam9$ a mortality table1 e man :o has /udi$ ! hi/ory ( nations has probably se5 natural selection at "w4 ,!re is /ill ano!r graphic way ( see+ natural selection at "w1 by an exam9ation ( ! infant mortality alone4 ,imag9e a ?\s& babies com+ into ! _w on a giv5 day4 ,x is kn[n t "u av]age ,am]ican conditions m ?an "o-t5? ( !m w die dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( life4 ,n[ if ^? :o die at ?is "t are ! inh]5tly weak]1 !n ! dea?-rate among survivors ought to be correspond+ly less dur+ succe$+ ye>s1 = _m w h be5 cut d[n at once1 :o might o!rwise h l+]$ = sev]al ye>s1 al?\gh doom$ to die be=e maturity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if only a few die dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 "o might expect a proportionately great] numb] to die 9 succe$+ ye>s4 ,if x is actually f\nd t a high dea?-rate 9 ! fir/ ye> ( life is associat$ ) a l[ dea?-rate 9 succe$+ ye>s1 !n !re w be gr\nds = believ+ t natural selection is really cutt+ (f ! weak] & all[+ ! /rong] to survive4 ,e4 ,c4 ,sn[#ef analyz$ ! infant mortality regi/ration ( p>ts ( ,engl& & ,prussia to det]m9e :e!r any su* conclusion 0 ju/ifi$4 ,8 inve/igation met ) _m difficulties1 & 8 results are n z cle>-cut z c\ld be desir$1 b he felt ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ f !m t ! g5]al result c n be que/ion$4 ,natural selection1 9 ! =m ( a selective dea?-rate1 is /rongly op]ative 9 man 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( life4 ,we ass]t ) great confid5ce t a high mortality 9 infancy 7! fir/ two ye>s ( life7 is foll[$ by a correspond+ly l[ mortality 9 *ildhood1 & vice-v]sa4444 ,our "w has l$ u to ! conclusion t infant mortality does effect a 'we$+ out' ( ! unfit4 ,unfitness 9 ?is connection mu/ n be int]pret$ too n>r[ly4 ,a *ild may be unfit to survive 9 its environm5t1 m]ely because its p>5ts are ignorant & c>eless4 ,su* unfitness makes m probable an inh]itance ( l[ intellig5ce4 ,evid5ce ( natural selection 0 ga!r$ by ,k>l ,pe>son f ano!r s\rce & publi%$ 9 #aiab4 ,he dealt ) mat]ial analog\s to t ( ,dr4 ,sn[ & %[$ t :5 all[ance 0 made = *ange ( environm5t 9 ! c\rse ( #ej ye>s1 a v high association exi/$ betwe5 ! dea?s 9 ! fir/ ye> ( life & ! dea?s 9 *ildhood 7#a to #e ye>s74 ,?is association 0 su* t if ! infantile dea?-rate increas$ by #aj ! *ild dea? rate decreas$ by #e4c 9 males1 :ile 9 females ! fall 9 ! *ild dea?-rate 0 almo/ #a = e #a rise 9 ! infantile dea?-rate4 ,to put ! matt] 9 ! =m ( a truism1 "p ( ! *ildr5 born 9 any di/rict 9 a giv5 ye> are doom$ by h]$ity to a premature dea?2 & if !y die 9 "o ye> !y w n be alive to die 9 "s succe$+ ye>4 ,lately a new ma!matical me?od1 :i* is t]m$ ! ,v>iate ,diff]5ce ,correlation me?od1 has be5 inv5t$ & gives m accurate results1 9 su* an inve/igation z t ( natural selection1 ?an any hi!rto us$4 ,) ?is in/rum5t ,pr(essor ,pe>son & ,miss ,eld]ton h confirm$ ! previ\s "w4 ,apply+ x to ! regi/]$ bir?s 9 ,engl& & ,wales betwe5 #ahej & #aiab1 & ! dea?s dur+ ! fir/ five ye>s ( life 9 ! same p]iod1 !y h aga9 f\nd#eg t = bo? sexes a heavy dea?-rate 9 "o ye> ( life means a m>k$ly l[] dea?-rate 9 ! same gr\p 9 ! foll[+ ye> ( life4 ,?is less5$ dea?-rate ext5ds 9 a less5$ degree to ! ye> foll[+ t1 b is n by ! pres5t me?od easy to trace fur!r4 ,x is difficult1 z !y conclude1 to believe t ?is important fact c be due to any o!r s\rce ?an natural selection1 i4 e41 a heavy mortality leaves beh9d x a /rong] population4 ,to avoid misund]/&+s1 x may be well to add to ?is review ! clos+ words ( ! ,eld]ton-,pe>son memoir4 ,nature is n conc]n$ ) ! moral or ! immoral1 :i* are /&>ds ( human conduct1 & ! duty ( ! naturali/ is to po9t out :at goes on 9 ,nature4 ,!re c n[ be sc>cely a d\bt t ev5 9 highly organiz$ human communities ! dea?-rate is selective1 & physical fitness is ! crit]ion = survival4 ,to ass]t ! exi/5ce ( ?is selection & measure its int5sity mu/ be di/+ui%$ f an advocacy ( high infant mortality z a factor ( racial effici5cy4 ,?is rem9d] is ! m ne$ful z !re are n want+ ^? :o ass]t t demon/rat+ ! exi/5ce ( natural selection 9 man is id5tical ) decry+ all ef=ts to r$uce ! infantile dea?-rate4 ,a fur!r discussion ( ?is po9t w be f\nd 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,! conclusion t1 ( ! infants :o die1 a l>ge numb] d s ?r\gh inh]5t weakness--because !y are n fit to survive--is also sugge/$ by a /udy ( ! causes ( dea?4 ,f a ?ird to a half ( ! dea?s dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( life1 & p>ticul>ly dur+ ! fir/ mon?1 are due to :at may be t]m$ ut]9e causes1 su* z debility1 atrophy1 inanition1 or premature bir?4 ,al?\gh 9 _m cases su* a dea? is ! result ( lack ( pr5atal c>e1 9 /ill m x mu/ be ascrib$ to a defect 9 ! p>5tal /ock4 ,9 connection ) infant mortality1 x may be ( int]e/ to po9t out t ! int5sity ( natural selection is probably great] among boys ?an among girls4 ,!re is a /eady prepond]ance ( boys ov] girls at bir? 7ab\t #aje to #ajj1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 :ile among ! /illborn ! proportion is #aeh to #ajj1 if ! ,massa*usetts figures = #ahia-aijj may be tak5 z g5]al 9 application4 ,evid5tly a l>ge numb] ( weak males h be5 elim9at$ be=e bir?4 ,?is elim9ation cont9ues = a numb] ( ye>s to be great] among boys ?an among girls1 until 9 ! p]iod ( adolesc5ce ! dea?-rates ( ! two sexes are equal4 ,9 adult life ! dea?-rate among m5 is ne>ly always high] ?an t among wom51 b ?is is due l>gely to ! fact t m5 pursue occupations :]e !y are m expos$ to dea?4 ,9 su* cases1 & p>ticul>ly :]e dea?s are due to accid5t1 ! mortality may n only be non-selective1 b is sometimes contra-selective1 = ! /ronge/ & mo/ active m5 w (t5 be ^? :o expose !mselves mo/ to "s dang]4 ,su* a rev]sal ( ! action ( natural selection is se5 on a l>ge scale 9 ! case ( w>1 :]e ! /ronge/ g to ! fray & are kill$1 :ile ! weakl+s /ay at home to p]petuate _! type ( ! race4 ,a curi\s aspect ( ! k9d ( natural selection "u consid]ation1--t :i* op]ates by dea? )\t ref]5ce to ! food-supply1--is se5 9 ! evolution ( a wide pelvis 9 wom54 ,be=e ! days ( mod]n ob/etrics1 ! woman born ) an unusually n>r[ pelvis 0 likely to die dur+ p>turition1 & ! inh]itance ( a n>r[] type ( pelvis 0 ?us /opp$4 ,) ! introduction & improvem5t ( in/rum5tal & induc$ deliv]ies1 _m ( ^! wom5 are enabl$ to survive1 ) ! necess>y consequ5ce t _! daught]s w 9 _m cases h a simil>ly n>r[ pelvis1 & exp]i5ce simil> difficulty 9 *ildbir?4 ,! p]c5tage ( deliv]ies 9 :i* in/rum5tal aid is necess>y is ?us increas+ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & is likely to cont9ue to increase = "s "t4 ,9 o!r words1 natural selection1 because ( man's int]f]5ce1 c no long] ma9ta9 ! wid? ( woman's pelvis1 z x =m]ly did1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( rev]sion 9 ?is respect is probably tak+ place--a rev]sion :i*1 if un*eck$1 w\ld necess>ily lead aft] a long "t to a r$uction 9 ! av]age size ( skull ( t "p ( ! human race :i* frequ5tly uses =ceps at *ildbir?4 ,! "t w\ld be long because ! =ceps p]mit ! survival ( "s l>ge-head$ infants :o o!rwise w\ld die4 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t le?al1 non-su/5tative selection works only ?r\gh =ms ( infant mortality4 ,t aspect 0 fir/ discuss$ because x is mo/ obvi\s1 b ! relation ( natural selection to microbic disease is equally widespread & f> m /rik+4 ,z to ! inh]itance ( disease z su* !re is little room = misund]/&+3 no biologi/ n[ believes a disease is actually h&$ d[n f p>5t to *ild 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,b :at ! doctors call a dia!sis1 a pr$isposition to "s giv5 disease1 is mo/ c]ta9ly h]itable--a fact :i* ,k>l ,pe>son & o!rs h prov$ by /ati/ics t c n be giv5 "h4#eh ,& any individual :o has inh]it$ ?is dia!sis1 ?is lack ( resi/ance to a giv5 disease1 is m>k$ z a possible victim ( natural selection4 ,! ext5t to :i* & ! mann] 9 :i* x op]ates may be m readily und]/ood by ! /udy ( a concrete case4 ,tub]culosis is1 z ev]yone kn[s1 a disease caus$ directly by a bacillus2 & a disease to :i* immunity c n be acquir$ by any process ( vacc9ation or inoculation yet kn[n4 ,x is a disease :i* is n directly inh]it$ z su*4 ,yet e city-dwell] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is almo/ con/antly expos$ to infection by ?is bacillus1 & autopsies %[ t mo/ p]sons h actually be5 infect$ at "s p]iod ( life1 b h resi/$ fur!r encroa*m5t4 ,p]haps a fraction ( !m w ev5tually die ( consumption2 ! re/ w die ( "s o!r disease1 & w probably nev] ev5 "k t !y h c>ri$ ! bacilli ( tub]culosis 9 _! lungs4 ,( a gr\p ( m5 pick$ at r&om f ! population1 :y w "s ev5tually die ( tub]culosis & ! o!rs resi/ infection8 ,is x a matt] ( environm5t8--are op5-air s*ools1 sanit>y t5em5ts1 prop] hygi5e1 ! k9d ( measures t w *ange ?is condition8 ,su* is ! doctr9e widely prea*$ at ! pres5t day4 ,x is alleg$ t ! :ite plague may be /amp$ out1 if ! op5 cases ( tub]culosis are isolat$ & ! re/ ( ! population is taught h[ to live prop]ly4 ,! problem is almo/ univ]sally decl>$ to be a problem ( infection4 ,infection c]ta9ly is ! imm$iate problem1 b ! biologi/ sees a great] "o a little f>!r back4 ,x is ! problem ( natural selection4 ,to prove ?is1 x is necess>y to prove 7#a7 t "s p are born ) less resi/ance to tub]culosis ?an o!rs & 7#b7 t x is ^! p ) weak natural resi/ance :o die ( ph?isis1 :ile _! neighbors ) /rong] resi/ance survive4 ,! pro( ( ^! propositions has be5 abundantly giv5 by ,k>l ,pe>son1 ,g4 ,ar*dall ,reid & o!rs4 ,_! ma9 po9ts may be indicat$4 ,9 ! fir/ place x mu/ be %[n t ! morbidity f tub]culosis is l>gely due to h]$ity--a po9t on :i* mo/ m$ical m5 are /ill un9=m$4 ,measurem5t ( ! direct correlation betwe5 ph?isis 9 p>5t & *ild %[s x to be ab\t 4#e1 i4 e41 :at "o expects if x is a matt] ( h]$ity4 ,?is is ! coeffici5t = mo/ physical & m5tal *>act]s3 x is ! coeffici5t = su* pa?ological traits z deafness & insanity1 :i* are obvi\sly due 9 mo/ cases to inh]itance r ?an infection4 ,b1 "o objects1 ?is high correlation betwe5 p>5t & *ild does n prove inh]itance1--x obvi\sly proves infection4 ,! family relations are s intimate t x is folly to ov]look ?is factor 9 ! spread ( ! disease4 ,v well1 ,pr(essor ,pe>son repli$1 if ! relations betwe5 p>5t & *ild are s intimate t !y lead to infection1 !y are c]ta9ly n less intimate betwe5 husb& & wife1 & !re ought to be j z mu* infection 9 ?is relation%ip z 9 ! =m]4 ,! correlation 0 measur$ 9 ?\s&s ( cases & 0 f\nd to lie ar\nd 4#be1 be+ l[e/ 9 ! poor] classes & highe/ 9 ! well-to-d classes4 ,at fir/ glance ?is seems p>tly to confirm ! objection--x looks z if !re mu/ be a consid]able am\nt ( tub]cul> infection betwe5 husb& & wife4 ,b :5 x is f\nd t ! resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife 9 ! matt] ( insanity is also 4#be1 ! objection becomes less =midable4 ,c]ta9ly x w h>dly be argu$ t "o ( ! p>tn]s infects ! o!r ) ?is disability4 ,z a fact1 a correlation ( 4#be betwe5 husb& & wife1 = tub]culosis1 is only p>tly due to infection4 ,:at x does mean is t l t5ds to mate ) l--call$ assortative mat+4 ,?is coeffici5t ( resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife 9 reg>d to ph?isis is ab\t ! same z ! correlation ( resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife = eye color1 /ature1 longevity1 g5]al heal?1 tru?fulness1 tone ( voice1 & _m o!r *>act]s4 ,no "o w suppose t life p>tn]s infect ea* o!r 9 ^! respects4 ,c]ta9ly no "o w claim t a man delib]ately selects a wife on ! basis ( resemblance to himself 9 ^! po9ts2 b he mo/ c]ta9ly does s to "s ext5t unconsci\sly1 z w be describ$ at great] l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,assortative mat+ is a well-e/abli%$ fact1 & !re is e reason to believe t mu* ( ! resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife z reg>ds tub]culosis is due to ?is fact1 & n to infection4#ei ,aga91 x is object$ t ! infection ( *ildr5 is n a family matt]1 b due to tub]cul\s c[s' milk3 h[ !n does x appe> equally among ! ,japanese1 :]e c[s are n tub]cul\s & c['s milk r>ely us$ z an infant food3 or among su* p z ! ,esquimaux & ,polynesians1 :o h nev] se5 a c[8 ,b1 x is argu$1 at any rate bad h\s+ & unsanit>y conditions ( life w make infection easi] & l[] ! resi/ance ( ! individual4 ,p]haps su* conditions may make infection easi]1 b t is ( little importance consid]+ h[ easy x is = all city dwell]s--= ! population z a :ole4 ,! "q rema9s1 w n bad h\s+ cause a great] liability to fatal ph?isis8 ,w n de/itution & its att5dant conditions increase ! probability t a giv5 individual w succumb to ! :ite plague8 ,mo/ physicians ?9k ?is to be ! case1 b !y h n tak5 ! pa9s to measure ! respective rles1 by ! exact me?ods ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,s4 ,adolphus ,knopf ( ,new ,york1 an au?ority on tub]culosis1 recognizes ! importance ( ! h]$ity factor1 b says t aft] ?is1 ! mo/ important pr$ispos+ conditions are ( ! nature ( unsanit>y s*ools1 unsanit>y t5em5ts1 unsanit>y factories & work%ops4 ,?is may be v true2 ^! conditions may foll[ aft] h]$ity 9 importance--b h[ ne> d !y foll[8 ,t is a matt] capable ( fairly accurate measurem5t1 & %\ld be discuss$ ) figures1 n g5]alities4 ,tak+ ! case ( de/itution1 :i* includes1 necess>ily1 mo/ ( ! o!r evils specifi$1 ,pr(essor ,pe>son measur$ ! correlation ) liability to ph?isis & f\nd x to be 4#jb4 ,! correlation = direct h]$ity--t is1 ! resemblance betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+--x w be rememb]$1 is 4#ej4 ,z comp>$ ) ?is1 ! environm5tal factor ( 4#jb is utt]ly insignificant4 ,x seems evid5t t :e!r or n "o dies f tub]culosis1 "u pres5t-day urban conditions1 dep5ds ma9ly on ! k9d ( con/itution "o has inh]it$4 ,!re is no escape1 !n1 f ! conclusion t 9 any individual1 dea? f tub]culosis is l>gely a matt] ( natural selection4 ,b by tak+ a long] view1 "o c actually see ! *ange to :i* natural selection is "o ( ! contributors4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! dea?s f consumption 9 ,massa*usetts1 p] #aj1jjj population3 #ahea-fj #ci4i #ahfa-gj #cd4i #ahga-hj #cb4g #ahha-ij #bi4b #ahia-aijj #ba4d #aija #ag4e #aijb #ae4i ,f4 ,l4 ,h(fman fur!r po9ts out#fj t 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,connecticut1 #ahgb-aiaa1 ! decl9e 9 ! dea?-rate f tub]culosis has be5 ab\t #ej4 ,! evid5ce is absolutely conclusive t actually z well z relatively1 ! mortality f tub]culosis 9 :at is ! mo/ int5sely indu/rial area ( ,am]ica has progressively dim9i%$ dur+ ! la/ #dj ye>s4 ,x w be not$ t ! great increase 9 dea? f consumption 9 ?is area began 9 ! decade foll[+ #ahdj1 :5 ! l>ge ,iri% immigration began4 ,! ,iri% are commonly believ$ to be p>ticul>ly susceptible to ph?isis4 ,cr[d$ toge!r 9 indu/rial conditions1 !y rapidly und]w5t infection1 & _! weak racial resi/ance l$ to a high dea?-rate4 ,! weak l9es ( h]$ity 7 rapidly cut (f2 9 o!r words1 ! int5sity ( natural selection 0 great1 = a :ile4 ,! result 0 to leave ! population ( ^! ,new ,engl& /ates mu* m resi/ant1 on ! av]age1 ?an x 0 be=e2 & z ! ,iri% immigration soon sl[$ d[n1 & no new /ocks ) great weakness arriv$1 tub]culosis naturally t5d$ to burn itself out4 ,?is seems to be a p>tial explanation ( ! decl9e 9 ! dea?-rate f ph?isis 9 ,new ,engl& dur+ ! la/ half c5tury1 al?\gh x is n sugge/$ t x repres5ts ! complete explanation3 improv$ me?ods ( treatm5t & sanitation d\btless play$ _! "p4 ,b t !y are ! sole cause ( ! decl9e is made highly improbable by ! l[ correlation betwe5 ph?isis & environm5tal factors1 :i* 0 m5tion$ above1 & by all ! o!r biometric /udy ( tub]culosis1 :i* has prov$ t ! results ascrib$ to hygi5e1 includ+ sanitorium treatm5t1 are to "s degree illusory4 ,t tub]culosis is p>ticul>ly fatal to ! ,negro race is well kn[n4 ,ev5 to-day1 aft] sev]al c5turies ( natural selection 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! annual dea?-rate f consumption among ,negroes 9 ! regi/ration area is #dca4i p] #ajj1jjj population 7c5sus ( #aijj7 z comp>$ ) #agj4e = ! :ites2 9 ! cities alone x is #dga4j4 ,t ov]cr[d+ & climate c n be ! sole factors is indicat$ by ! fact t ! ,negro race has be5 decimat$1 :]ev] x has met tub]culosis4 ,9 ! ye>s #ahjc & #ahaj ! ,briti% gov]nm5t import$ ?ree or f\r ?\s& ,negroes f ,mozambique into ,ceylon to =m into regim5ts1 & ( ^! 9 ,decemb]1 #ahbj1 !re 7 left j #ddj1 includ+ ! male desc5dants4 ,all ! re/ _h p]i%$ ma9ly f tub]culosis1 & 9 a c\ntry :]e ! disease is n ne>ly s preval5t z 9 ,engl&4#fa ,ar*dall ,reid has po9t$ out#fb t ! ,am]ican1 ,polynesian & ,au/ralian aborig9es1 to :om tub]culosis 0 unkn[n be=e ! adv5t ( ,europeans1 & :o _h !re=e nev] be5 select$ aga9/ x1 c\ld n survive its adv5t3 !y 7 kill$ by mu* small] infections ?an w\ld h injur$ a ,european1 ^: /ock has be5 purg$ by c5turies ( natural selection4 ,^! racial hi/ories are ! mo/ important evid5ce available to ! /ud5t ( natural selection 9 man4 ,! conclusion to be drawn f !m seems pla94 ,natural selection1 :i* has 9 ! pa/ nev] _h an opportunity to act ^u ! ,negro race ?r\gh tub]culosis1 is n[ engag$ 9 ha/5+1 at a relatively rapid rate1 ! evolution ( ?is race t[>d immunity f dea? by tub]culosis4 ,! evolution ( ! :ite race on ?is l9e is1 z ! figures %[1 go+ on simultane\sly1 b hav+ begun c5turies e>li]1 x is n n[ s rapid4 ,! weake/ :ite /ocks 7 cut (f hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 9 ,great ,brita9 or ,europe2 ^? ( ! black race are only n[ go+4 ,despite all ! ef=ts ( m$ic9e & sanitation1 x is likely t ! ,negro dea?-rate f ph?isis w cont9ue high = "s ye>s1 until :at is left ( ! race w possess a degree ( resi/ance1 or immunity1 n mu* inf]ior to t ( ! :ites among :om !y live4 ,! blacks 9 ,nor? ,am]ica n[ mu/ be already m resi/ant ?an _! ance/ors2 ! mulattoes desc5d$ ( normal heal?y unions %\ld be m resi/ant ?an ! pure ,negroes1 al?\gh no /ati/ics are available on ! po9t2 b 7 a new immigration to take place f ,africa to-day1 & ! immigrants to be put into villages ) _! ,am]icaniz$ bre?r51 ! high dea?-rate w\ld result4 ,:ile ! ,negroes 7 ?us und]go+ ! radical surg]y ( natural selection1 :at 0 happ5+ to ! aborig9es ( ,am]ica8 ,! answ] ( hi/ory is unmi/akable2 !y 7 meet+ ! same fate1 9 an ev5 m viol5t =m4 ,n tub]culosis alone1 b small-pox1 measles1 alcohol & a doz5 o!r importations ( ! conqu]ors1 f\nd 9 ! aborig9es ( ! ,new ,_w a /ock :i* _h nev] be5 select$ aga9/ ^! diseases4 ,x is ! cu/om ( s5tim5tali/s sometimes to talk z if ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian _h be5 kill$ (f by ! :ite man4 ,s he 01--b n directly3 he 0 kill$ (f by natural selection1 act+ ?r\gh ! :ite man's diseases & n>cotics4 ,9 #ahda ,catl9 wrote1 ,?irty millions ( :ite m5 are n[ scuffl+ = ! goods & luxuries ( life ov] ! bones ( twelve millions ( r$ m51 six millions ( :om h fall5 victims to small-pox4 ,small-pox is an old /ory to ! :ite race1 & ! dea? ( ! lea/ resi/ant /ra9s 9 ea* g5]ation has left a population t is fairly resi/ant4 ,x 0 new to ! natives ( ,am]ica1 & hi/ory %[s ! result4 ,alcohol1 too1 c\nt$ its victims by ! ?\s&1 = ! same reason4 ,! process ( natural selection among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians has n yet /opp$2 if !re are a c5tury f n[ any ,indians left1 !y w ( necessity belong to /ocks :i* are relatively resi/ant to alcohol & tub]culosis & ! o!r widespread & fatal diseases :i* 7 unkn[n ^u ?is cont95t be=e ,columbus4 ,! decrease ( natives foll[+ ! ,spani% conque/ ( tropical ,am]ica has long be5 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ev5ts ( hi/ory4 ,popul> hi/orians sometimes speak z if mo/ ( ! native population _h be5 kill$ (f by ! cruelty ( ! conqui/adores4 ,surely su* talk c\ld n proce$ f ^? :o are famili> ) ! action ( natural selection4 ,x is obvi\s t :5 ! ,spani>d br\ght ! natives toge!r1 mak+ !m "w 9 m9es & assemble 9 *ur*es1 he br\ght !m "u conditions especially favorable = infection by ! new diseases :i* he _h br\ght4 ,! aborig9es ( ! ,new ,_w1 up to ! "t ! ,spani>ds came1 _h und]gone no evolution :atev] aga9/ ^! diseases2 consequ5tly ! evolution began at s rapid a rate t 9 a few c5turies only ^? :o liv$ 9 out-(-!-way places rema9 unsca!d4 ,! same /ory is repeat$1 9 a survey ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,pacific ,isl&s4 ,ev5 su* a disease z :oop+-c\gh c>ri$ (f adults by ! hundr$4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son has left a graphic picture#fc ( natural selection at "w3 ,! tribe ( ,hapaa1 he writes1 is said to h numb]$ "s f\r hundr$ :5 ! small-pox came & r$uc$ !m by "o-f\r?4 ,six mon?s lat] a woman develop$ tub]cul> consumption2 ! disease spread l fire ab\t ! valley1 & 9 less ?an a ye> two survivors1 a man & a woman1 fl$ f ! newly-creat$ solitude4444 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> ( my visit1 = example1 or late ! ye> be=e1 ! fir/ case ( ph?isis appe>$ 9 a h\sehold ( #ag p]sons1 & by ! end ( ,augu/1 :5 ! tale 0 told me1 "o s\l surviv$1 a boy :o _h be5 abs5t at 8 s*ool+4 ,9 ,tasmania is ano!r good illu/ration ( ! evolution ( a race proce$+ s rapidly z to be fatal to ! race4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,engli% settl$ on ! isl&1 9 #ahjc1 ! native population consi/$ ( sev]al ?\s&4 ,tub]culosis & _m o!r new diseases1 &1 mo/ ( all1 alcohol1 began to op]ate on ! aborig9es1 :o 7 attract$ to ! settlem5ts ( ! :ites4 ,9 a qu>t] ( a c5tury !re 7 only a few hundr$ left4 ,_m1 ( c\rse1 _h met viol5t dea?s1 b an enlight5$ p]usal ( any hi/ory ( ! p]iod1#fd w leave no d\bt t natural selection by disease 0 responsible = mo/ ( ! mortality4 ,by #ahdg ! numb] ( native ,tasmanians 0 r$uc$ to #dd1 :o 7 already unmi/akably doom$ by alcohol & bact]ia4 ,:5 ! la/ full-blood ,tasmanian di$ 9 #ahgf1 a new *apt] 0 writt5 9 ! /ory ( ! mod]n evolution ( ! human race4 ,no su* /ories are told ab\t ! :ite settlem5ts on ?is cont95t1 ev5 be=e ! days ( qu>ant9e & sci5tific m$ic9e4 ,!re is no o!r adequate explanation ( ! diff]5ce1 ?an t ! two races h evolv$ to a diff]5t degree 9 _! resi/ance to ^! diseases4 ,x is easily se51 !n1 t man's evolution is go+ on1 at v>y+ rates ( spe$1 9 probably all p>ts ( ! human race at ! pres5t "t4 ,we d n mean1 ( c\rse1 to sugge/ t all ! natives :o h di$ 9 ! ,new ,_w s9ce ! l&+ ( ,columbus1 h di$ because ! evolution ( _! race _h n proce$$ s f> 9 c]ta9 directions z _h t ( _! conqu]ors4 ,b ! proportion ( !m :o 7 elim9at$ = t reason is c]ta9ly v l>ge4 ,9 ! m remote p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica ! process is /ill go+ on4 ,rec5t press dispat*es h c>ri$ ! acc\nt ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania's ,amazon ,exp$ition1 "u ! direction ( ,william ,c4 ,f>rabee4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,m>* #af1 #aiaf1 ! lead] told ( ! discov]y ( ! rema9s ( ! tribe ( ,pikipitanges1 a once popul\s tribe ( :i* a *ief1 six wom5 & two boys alone are left4 ,! tribe _h be5 almo/ wip$ out1 ,dr4 ,f>abee report$1 by an epidemic ( influ5za6 ,if ! aborig9es ( ! ,new ,_w succumb to ! diseases ( ! ,european1 x is n less true t ! ,european succumbs to diseases aga9/ :i* 8 race has n be5 select$4 ,! deadl9ess ( yell[ fev] to ,am]icans 9 ! tropics1 & ! relative immunity ( ,negroes1 is famili>2 s too is ! frequ5tly fatal result ( ! ,african tropical fev]s on ! :ite man1 :ile ! natives suff] f !m mu* less1 hav+ be5 made m resi/ant by c5turies ( natural selection4 ,?is long discussion may n[ be summ>iz$4 ,we dealt ) le?al selection1 t =m ( natural selection :i* op]ates by prematurely kill+ (f ! less fit & leav+ ! m fit to survive & reproduce _! k9d4 ,x is ( c\rse und]/ood t ! ^w fit 9 ?is connection does n necess>ily mean morally or m5tally sup]ior1 b m]ely fit = ! p>ticul> environm5t4 ,9 a community ( rascals1 ! greate/ rascal might be ! fitte/ to survive4 ,9 ! slums ( a mod]n city ! ,jewi% type1 /r+5tly select$ ?r\gh c5turies ( ghetto life1 is p>ticul>ly fit to survive1 al?\gh x may n be ! physical ideal ( an an?ropologi/4 ,two =ms ( le?al selection 7 di/+ui%$1 "o dep5d+ on />vation & ! o!r on causes n connect$ ) ! food supply4 ,direct />vation is n a factor ( importance 9 ! survival ( mo/ races dur+ mo/ ( ! "t at ! pres5t day s f> z ! civiliz$ portion ( ! _w is conc]n$4 ,b disease & ! o!r le?al factors n connect$ ) ! food-supply1 ?r\gh :i* natural selection acts1 are /ill ( great importance4 ,f a half to two-?irds ( all dea?s are ( a selective "*1 ev5 "u favorable conditions4 ,x is also to be not$1 h[ev]1 t ) ! progress ( m$ic9e1 & ! dim9ution ( unfit mat]ial1 ?is k9d ( natural selection w t5d to become less & less widespread4 ,= a long "t1 natural selection 9 man has probably done little to cause m>k$ *ange 9 8 physical or m5tal *>act]i/ics4 ,man's int]f]5ce has prev5t$4 ,9 rec5t c5turies natural selection has probably done no m on ! :ole ?an keep ! race :]e x 03 x is to be fe>$ t x has n ev5 done t4 ,x is d\btful if !re is any race to-day :i* atta9s ! physical & m5tal av]age ( ! ,a!nians ( #b1ejj ye>s ago4 ,le?al natural selection1 !n1 has be5 & /ill is a factor ( great importance 9 ! evolution ( ! race1 b at pres5t x is do+ little or no?+ t promises to fur!r ! ideal ( eug5ics--race bett]m5t4 ,b le?al natural selection is only half ! /ory4 ,x is obvi\s t if ! con/itution ( a race c be alt]$ by excess ( dea?s 9 a c]ta9 class1 x c equally be alt]$ by excess ( bir?s 9 a c]ta9 class4 ,?is is reproductive selection1 :i* may appe> 9 ei!r "o ( two =ms4 ,if ! individual leaves few or no prog5y because ( 8 failure to mate at ! prop] "t1 x is call$ sexual selection2 if1 h[ev]1 he mates1 yet leaves few or no prog5y 7z comp>$ ) o!r individuals71 x is call$ fecundal selection4 ,ev5 9 man1 ! importance ( ! rle ( reproductive selection is insuffici5tly und]/ood2 9 ! l[] animals sci5ti/s h t5d$ /ill m to und]value x4 ,z a fact1 no species ord9>ily multiplies 9 su* numb]s z to exhau/ all ! food available1 despite ! tea*+ ( ,mal?us & ,d>w9 to ! contr>y4 ,! rate ( reproduction is ! crux ( natural selection2 ea* species normally has su* a reproduction rate z w suffice to )/& ! premature dea?s & /]ility ( "s individuals1 & yet n s l>ge z to press unduly ^u ! food supply4 ,! problem ( natural selection is a problem ( ! adju/m5t betwe5 reproductive rate & dea?-rate1 & ! /ruggle = subsi/5ce is only "o ( sev]al factors4 ,:ile ! reproductive rate mu/ be look$ ^u z a *>act]i/ic :i* has its adaptations l o!r *>act]i/ics1 x has "o peculi>ity--its increase is always oppos$ by le?al selection4 ,! *ances ( life are r$uc$ by reproduc+1 inasmu* z m dang] is entail$ by ! extra activities ( c\rt%ip1 & lat]1 9 be>+ & c>+ = ! "y1 s9ce ^! duties r$uce ! normal w>9ess ( individual life4 ,! reproductive rate1 !re=e1 always rema9s at ! l[e/ po9t :i* w suffice = ! reproductive ne$s ( ! species4 ,= ?is reason alone ! non-su/5tative =m ( selection might be expect$ to be ! pr$om9ant k9d4 ,j4 ,t4 ,gulick & ,k>l ,pe>son h po9t$ out t !re is a normal conflict betwe5 natural selection & fecundal selection4 ,fecundal selection is said by !m to be con/antly t5d+ to increase ! reproductive rate1 because fecundity is p>tly a matt] ( h]$ity1 & ! fecund p>5ts leave m (fspr+ ) ! same *>act]i/ic4 ,le?al selection1 on ! contr>y1 con/antly ass]ts its p[] to r$uce ! reproductive rate1 because ! reproductive dem&s on ! p>5ts r$uce _! *ances ( life by int]f]5ce ) _! natural ability ( self-protection4 ,?is is q true1 b ! analysis is incomplete1 = an increas$ numb] ( prog5y n only decreases ! life *ances ( ! p>5ts1 b also ( ! "y1 by r$uc+ ! am\nt ( c>e !y receive4 ,9 %ort1 le?al selection & reproductive selection accompli% ! same end--a *ange 9 ! con/itution ( ! species--by diff]5t means2 b !y are s closely l9k$ toge!r & balanc$ t any *ange 9 ! op]ation ( "o is likely to cause a *ange 9 ! op]ation ( ! o!r4 ,?is w be cle>] :5 ! effect ( reproductive selection is /udi$ 9 man4 ,recall+ ! truism t mo/ human *>act]s h a h]$it>y basis1 x is evid5t t ! con/itution ( society w rema9 /able f g5]ation to g5]ation1 only if ea* section ( society is reproduc+ at ! same rate z e o!r 7& assum+1 = ! mom5t1 t ! dea?-rate rema9s con/ant74 ,!n if ! bir?-rate ( "o "p ( ! population is alt]$1 if x is decreas$1 = example1 ! next g5]ation w conta9 proportionately few] repres5tatives ( ?is class1 ! succe$+ g5]ation few] /ill1 & s on indef9itely--unless a selective dea?-rate is op]at+ at ! same "t4 ,x is well kn[n n only t ! dea?-rate v>ies widely 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! population1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is *apt]1 b t ! bir?-rate is r>ely ! same 9 any two sections ( ! population4 ,evid5tly1 !re=e1 ! make-up ( society mu/ necess>ily be *ang+ f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,x w be ! object ( ! re/ ( ?is *apt] to inve/igate ! ways 9 :i* x is *ang+1 :ile 9 ! latt] half ( ! book we %all po9t out "s ( ! ways 9 :i* x might be *ang$ to bett] advantage ?an x is at pres5t4 ,sexual selection1 or diff]5tial success 9 m>ry+1 w be discuss$ at "s l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,xi2 "h x may be po9t$ out t ! numb] :o fail to m>ry is v mu* great] ?an "o (t5 realizes4 ,x has already be5 not$ t a l>ge "p ( ! population dies be=e x rea*es ! age ( m>riage4 ,( #a1jjj babies born 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 only #gej w rea* ! av]age age ( m>riage2 9 "s c\ntries half ( ! ?\s& w h fall5 by t "t4 ,^! dead c]ta9ly w leave no desc5dants2 b ev5 ( ! survivors1 "p w fail to m>ry4 ,! returns ( ! ?irte5? ,u4 ,s4 c5sus %[$ t ( ! males #de-fd ye>s ( age1 #aj 7 s+le1 :ile #aa ( ! females1 #ce-dd ye>s old1 7 s+le4 ,few m>riages w take place aft] ^? ages4 ,add ! numb] :o di$ unm>ri$ previ\s to ^? ages1 b aft] ! age ( #bj1 & x is safe to say t at lea/ "o-?ird ( ! p]sons born 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates die 7e>ly or late7 )\t hav+ m>ri$4 ,! consid]ation ( ^? :o di$ be=e ! age ( m>riage prop]ly comes "u ! head ( le?al selection1 b if att5tion is conf9$ to ^? :o1 ?\gh rea*+ ! age ( m>riage1 fail to m>ry1 sexual selection /ill has importance4 ,= in/ance1 x is g5]ally kn[n 7& "s /ati/ical pro( w be giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xi7 t beauty is directly associat$ ) ! *ance ( m>riage4 ,! pretty girls 9 g5]al m>ry e>li] z well 9 l>g] p]c5tage2 _m ( ! ugly ones w nev] f9d mates4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] argu$ +5i\sly t beauty is associat$ ) g5]al m5tal & moral sup]iority1 & ! m exact /udies ( rec5t ye>s h t5d$ to confirm 8 g5]alization4 ,a rec5t1 b n conclusive1 inve/igation#fe %[$ beauty to be correlat$ ) intellig5ce to ! ext5t ( 4#cd4 ,if ?is is confirm$1 x (f]s a good illu/ration ( ! action ( sexual selection 9 fur!r+ ! progressive evolution ( ! race4 ,miss ,gilmore1 /udy+ a gr\p ( normal s*ool graduates1 f\nd a direct correlation betwe5 intellig5ce 7z judg$ by class m>ks7 & e>ly m>riage aft] graduation4 ,anyone :o w\ld take ! tr\ble c\ld easily inve/igate num]\s cases ( ?is sort1 :i* w\ld %[ ! effect ( sexual selection 9 p]petuat+ desirable qualities4 ,b sexual selection no long] has ! importance t x once _h1 = n[adays ! m]e fact ( m>riage is n a measure ( fecundity1 to ! ext5t t x once 04 ,9 ! old days ( unlimit$ fecundity1 ! e>ly m>riage ( a beautiful1 or intellig5t1 woman meant a probable p]petuation ( h] end[m5ts2 b at pres5t1 :5 artificial re/ra9t ( f]tility is s widespread1 ! result does n foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse3 & x is evid5t t ! race is little or n at all help$ by ! e>ly m>riage ( an attractive woman1 if %e has too few or no *ildr54 ,fecundal selection1 !n1 is becom+ ! important phase ( reproductive selection1 9 ! evolution ( civiliz$ races4 ,! diff]5tial bir?-rate is1 z we h (t5 insi/$1 ! all-important factor ( eug5ics1 & x m]its c>eful consid]ation f all sides4 ,su* consid]ation is made difficult by ! inadequate vital /ati/ics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7:i* ranks ) ,turkey & ,*9a 9 ?is respect72 b !re is no d\bt t ! bir?-rate z a :ole is l[1 z comp>$ ) t ( o!r c\ntries2 al?\gh z a :ole x is n dang]\sly l[ & !re is1 ( c\rse1 no necess>y evil 9 a l[ bir?-rate1 ( itself1 if ! quality be satisfactory4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,c5sus tabulation = #aiae gives ! foll[+ comp>ison ( ! numb] ( babies born alive ea* ye>1 p] #a1jjj population1 9 v>i\s c\ntries3 ,russia 9 ,europe 7#aiji7 #dd4j ,japan 7#aiaa7 #cd4a ,italy 7#aiac7 #ca4g ,au/ria 7#aiab7 #ca4c ,spa9 7#aiac7 #cj4d ,au/ria 7#aiac7 #bh4c ,g]man ,empire 7#aiab7 #bh4c ,holl& 7#aiac7 #bh4a ,d5m>k 7#aiac7 #be4f ,norway 7#aiac7 #be4c ,unit$ ,/ates 7regi/ration area only1 #aiae7 #bd4i ,engl& & ,wales 7#aiac7 #bd4a ,sw$5 7#aiab7 #bc4h ,switz]l& 7#aiac7 #bc4a ,belgium 7#aiab7 #bb4f ,france 7#aiab7 #ai4j ,! ,unit$ ,/ates bir?-rate may1 on its face1 appe> high en\gh2 b its face does n %[ t ?is height is due l>gely to ! fecundity ( immigrant wom54 ,/ati/ics to prove ?is are giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii1 b may be supplem5t$ "h by "s figures f ,pittsburgh4 ,w>d #g1 9 t city1 conta9s ! homes ( _m well-to-d1 & conta9s m repres5tatives ( ! old ,am]ican /ock ?an any o!r w>d 9 ! city1 hav+ #ef4d ( resid5ts :o are native born ( native p>5ts :ile ! majority ( ! resid5ts 9 ne>ly all ! o!r w>ds 9 ! city are ei!r !mselves =eign-born1 or ! (fspr+ ( =eign-born p>5ts4 ,w>d #g has ! l[e/ bir?-rate & ! l[e/ rate ( net increase ( any w>d 9 ! city4 ,) ?is may be contra/$ ! six? w>d1 :i* runs along ! s\? bank ( ! ,allegh5y riv]4 ,x is "o ( ! great factory di/ricts ( ! city1 b also conta9s a l>ge numb] ( homes4 ,ne>ly #c1jjj ( its #ad1hag males ( vot+ age are illit]ate4 ,its dea?-rate is ! highe/ 9 ! city4 ,almo/ n9e-t5?s ( its resid5ts are ei!r =eign]s or ! *ildr5 ( =eign]s4 ,its bir?-rate is ?ree times t ( ! sev5? w>d4 ,tak+ into acc\nt all ! w>ds ( ! city1 x is f\nd t ! bir?-rate rises z "o consid]s ! w>ds :i* are m>k$ by a l>ge =eign population1 illit]acy1 pov]ty & a high dea?-rate4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! bir?-rate falls z "o passes to ! w>ds t h mo/ native-born resid5ts1 mo/ education1 mo/ prosp]ity--&1 to "s ext5t1 education & prosp]ity d5ote effici5cy & eug5ic value4 ,= #bg w>ds !re is a high negative correlation 7-4#fgc71 betwe5 bir?-rate & p]c5tage ( native-born ( native p>5ts 9 ! population4 ,! correlation betwe5 illit]acy & net increase#ff is 4#gca4 ,! net increase ( ,pittsburgh's population1 !re=e1 is greate/ :]e ! p]c5tage ( =eign-born & ( illit]ates is greate/4 ,! significance ( su* figures 9 natural selection mu/ be evid5t4 ,pittsburgh1 l probably all l>ge cities 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 bre$s f ! bottom4 ,! l[] a class is 9 ! scale ( intellig5ce1 ! great] is its reproductive contribution4 ,recall+ t intellig5ce is inh]it$1 t l begets l 9 ?is respect1 "o c h>dly feel enc\rag$ ov] ! quality ( ! population ( ,pittsburgh1 a few g5]ations h5ce4 ,( c\rse ^! illit]ate =eign labor]s are1 f a eug5ic po9t ( view1 n :olly bad4 ,! picture %\ld n be pa9t$ any black] ?an ! orig9al4 ,"s ( ^! ignorant /ocks1 9 ano!r g5]ation & ) dec5t surr\nd+s1 w furni% excell5t citiz5s4 ,b tak5 z a :ole1 x c h>dly be suppos$ t ! fecund /ocks ( ,pittsburgh1 ) _! illit]acy1 squalor & tub]culosis1 _! high dea?-rates1 _! economic /raits1 are z good eug5ic mat]ial z ! families t are dy+ out 9 ! m sub/antial resid5ce section :i* _! fa!rs creat$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! city4 ,& x c h>dly be suppos$ t ! city1 & ! nation1 ( ! future1 w\ld n b5efit by a *ange 9 ! di/ribution ( bir?s1 :]eby m w\ld come f ! sev5? w>d & its l1 & few] f ! six? & its l4 ,evid5tly1 !re is no difficulty ab\t see+ ?is =m ( natural selection at "w1 & at "w 9 su* a way z greatly to *ange ! "* ( "o section ( ! species4 ,= comp>ison1 "s figures are pres5t$ f ,european s\rces4 ,9 ! ,fr5* w> budget ( #aiaa x appe>s t f #a1jjj wom5 betwe5 ! ages ( #ae & #ej1 9 diff]5t di/ricts ( ,p>is1 ! numb] ( ye>ly bir?s 0 z foll[s3 ,v poor #ajh ,poor #ii ,well-to-d #gb ,v prosp]\s #fe ,ri* #ec ,v ri* #ce ,disreg>d+ ! la/ class altoge!r1 x is yet evid5t t :ile ! "m 9 a weal?y home be>s two *ildr51 ! "m 9 ! slums be>s f\r4 ,x is evid5t !n t 9 ,p>is at ! pres5t "t reproductive selection is *ang+ ! m5tal & moral composition ( ! population at a rapid rate1 :i* c n be v mat]ially r$uc$ ev5 if x is f\nd t ! dea?-rate 9 ! poor] di/ricts is consid]ably great] ?an x is on ! m fa%ionable b\lev>ds4 ,j4 ,b]tillon has br\ght toge!r#fg 9 a simil> way data f a numb] ( cities1 %[+ ! foll[+ bir?-rates3 ,b]l9 ,vi5na ,london ,v poor qu>t]s #aeg #bjj #adg ,poor qu>t]s #abi #afd #adj ,com=table qu>t]s #aad #aee #ajg ,v com=table #if #aec #ajg ,ri* #fc #ajg #hg ,v ri* #dg #ha #fc --- --- --- ,av]age #ajb #aec #aji ,obvi\sly1 9 all ^! cases reproductive selection w soon br+ ab\t su* a *ange 9 ! "* ( ! population1 t a mu* l>g] "p ( x ?an at pres5t w h ! h]$it>y *>act]i/ics ( ! poor] classes & a mu* small] "p ( x ?an at pres5t ! h]$it>y *>act]i/ics ( ! well-to-d classes4 ,david ,h]on & o!rs h rec5tly /udi$#fh ! relation :i* ! bir?-rate 9 diff]5t bor\ghs ( ,london be>s to _! social & economic conditions4 ,us+ ! correlation me?od1 !y f\nd t 9 ,london ! bir?-rate p] #a1jjj m>ri$ wom51 ag$ #ae to #ed1 is highe/ :]e ! conditions %[ ! greate/ pov]ty--namely1 9 qu>t]s :]e pawnbrok]s ab\nd1 :]e unskill$ labor is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( income1 :]e consumption is mo/ common & mo/ deadly1 :]e paup]ism is mo/ rife1 &1 f9ally1 :]e ! greate/ proportion ( ! *ildr5 born die 9 infancy4 ,! correlation coeffici5ts %[ t ! association ( ^! evil conditions ) ! relative numb] ( *ildr5 born is a v close "o2 & if ! "q is put 9 ano!r way1 & ! calculations are bas$ on measures ( prosp]ity in/ead ( on measures ( pov]ty1 a high degree ( correlation is f\nd betwe5 prosp]ity & a l[ bir?-rate4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t a high rate ( infant mortality1 :i* almo/ inv>iably accompanies a high bir?-rate1 ei!r 9 ,london or else:]e1 goes f> t[>d c\nt]act+ ! effects ( ! diff]5tial bir?-rate4 ,:]e infant mortality is highe/ ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 above ! age ( two = ea* m>ri$ woman is highe/ also1 & al?\gh ! *ances ( dea? at all ages are great] among ! inhabitants ( ! poor] qu>t]s1 _! rate ( natural increase rema9s consid]ably high] ?an t ( ! inhabitants ( ! ri*]4 ,f ! detail$ /udy ( ! figures made by ,new%olme & ,/ev5son1 conclusions ess5tially ! same z ^? ( ,h]on c be drawn4444 ,_! fir/ /ep 0 to divide ! ,london bor\ghs into six gr\ps accord+ to ! av]age numb] ( dome/ic s]vants = #ajj families 9 ea*4 ,?is is probably z good a measure ( prosp]ity z any o!r4 ,!y !n det]m9$ ! total bir?-rate ( ! population 9 ea* gr\p1 & arriv$ at ! foll[+ figures3 ,gr\p ,i4 #aj dome/ic s]vants = #ajj families #cd4ig ,,ii4 #aj-bj #ch4cb ,,iii4 #bj-cj #be4ii ,,iv4 #cj-dj #be4hc ,v4 #dj-fj #be4aa ,,vi4 ,ov] #fj #ah4bd ,9 ord] to f9d out h[ f> ! diff]5ces %[n by ^! figures are due to diff]5ces 9 ! p]c5tage ( wom5 :o m>ry 9 ea* gr\p & ! age at :i* !y m>ry1 !y correct$ ! figures 9 su* a way z to make !m repres5t :at ! bir?-rates w\ld be 9 ea* gr\p1 if ! proportion ( wives ( ea* age to ! :ole population compris+ ! gr\p 0 ! same z x is 9 ! :ole ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,! correct$ bir?-rates ?us obta9$ 7 z foll[s3 ,gr\p ,i #ca4ef ,,ii #be4hb ,,iii #be4fc ,,iv #be4ej ,v #be4ef ,,vi #bj4de ,x w readily be se5 t ! effect ( ! correction has be5 to r$uce ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two extreme gr\ps by ab\t "o-?ird1 %[+ t to ?is ext5t x is due to ! way 9 :i* !y diff] z to ! av]age age & numb] ( ! wom5 :o m>ry4 ,fur!r1 ,gr\ps ,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv & ,v h all be5 br\ght to ab\t ! same level1 ) a correct$ bir?-rate ab\t halfway betwe5 ! highe/ & ! l[e/4 ,?is %[s t !re is no gradual decrease 9 f]tility associat$ ) a gradually increas+ grade ( prosp]ity1 b t ?ree %>ply divid$ classes may be di/+ui%$3 a v poor class ) a high degree ( f]tility1 to :i* ab\t a qu>t] ( ! population ( ,london belong1 a ri* class ) a l[ degree ( f]tility1 & a class int]m$iate 9 bo? respects4 ,eug5ics is less directly conc]n$ ) ?is side ( ! "q t ) ! relative rate ( increase ( ! diff]5t classes4 ,?is may be f\nd = ! six gr\ps 9 ! usual way by d$uct+ ! dea?-rate f ! bir?-rate4 ,! foll[+ figures = ! rate ( natural increase are !n obta9$3 ,gr\p ,i #af4ef ,,ii #ac4hi ,,iii #aa4dc ,,iv #ac4ha ,v #aj4bi ,,vi #e4gi ,! figures %[ 9 a mann] :i* h>dly admits ( any d\bt t 9 ,london at any rate ! inhabitants ( ! poore/ qu>t]s--ov] a million 9 numb]--are reproduc+ !mselves at a mu* great] rate ?an ! m well-to-d4 ,a rese>* on simil> l9es by ,s4 ,r4 ,/e9metz#fi 9 ,holl& %[s t ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! l[e/ class families is #e4dd4 ,p 9 indu/ry or small trade1 skill$ me*anics & pr(essors ( !ology h five *ildr5 to ! family2 9 o!r classes ! numb] is z foll[s3 ,arti/s #d4cj ,well-to-d ,comm]cial ,classes #d4bg ,high ,(ficials #d4jj ,univ]sity ,pr(essors 7exclud+ !ological7 #c4ej #bc ,s*ol>s & ,arti/s ( ! fir/ rank #b4fj ,x is n h>d to see t ! next g5]ation 9 ,holl& is likely to h proportionately few] gift$ individuals ?an has ! pres5t "o4 ,=tunately1 x is v probable t ! diff]5tial bir?-rate is n ( su* om9\s import 9 rural di/ricts z x is 9 cities1 al?\gh "s ( ! tribes ( deg5]ates :i* live 9 ! c\ntry %[ bir?-rates ( f\r to six *ildr5 p] wife4#gj ,b 9 ! m highly civiliz$ nations n[1 some?+ l a half ( ! population lives 9 urban di/ricts1 & ! />tl+ ext5t to :i* ^! urban populations bre$ f ! bottom involves a disa/r\s *ange 9 ! balance ( population )9 a few g5]ations1 unless x is 9 "s way *eck$4 ,j h[ great ! *ange may be1 /ati/ically1 has be5 emphasiz$ by ,k>l ,pe>son1 :o po9ts out t #ej ( ! m>ri$ population provide #ge ( ! next g5]ation1 ow+ to ! numb] ( dea?s be=e maturity1 ! numb] ( celibates & ! numb] ( *ildless m>riages4 ,! same rule may be express$ 9 ano!r way3 #ej ( ! next g5]ation is produc$ by #be ( ! m>ri$ population4 ,at ?is rate 9 a few g5]ations ! less effici5t & socially valuable1 ) _! l>ge families1 w ov]:elm ! m effici5t & socially valuable1 & _! small families4 ,fecundal selection is at "w to-day on a l>ge scale1 *ang+ ! "* ( ! population1 & f a eug5ic po9t ( view *ang+ x = ! worse4 ,=tunately1 x is n impossible to arre/ ?is *ange4 ,b1 x may be object$1 is n ?is *ange m]ely ! survival ( ! fitte/8 ,9 a s5se1 yes2 & x is necess>y t ! m intellig5t classes %\ld make !mselves fitt] to survive1 by a *ange ( attitude t[>d reproduction4 ,b ! dy+-out ( ! intellectually sup]ior "p ( ! population is a pa?ological condition1 n a "p ( normal evolution2 = b>r+ artificial int]f]5ce ) ! bir?-rate1 f]tility has be5 f\nd to g h& 9 h& ) g5]al sup]iority4 ,?is demon/ration is due to ,f4 ,a4 ,woods' /udy#ga ( #fjh memb]s ( ! royal families ( ,europe1 among :om1 = reasons ( /ate1 l>ge families are desir$1 & among :om !re has probably be5 little re/ra9t on ! bir?-rate4 ,av]ag+ ! rat+s ( 8 individuals f grade #a1 ! m5tally & physically v inf]ior1 to grade #aj1 ! m5tally & physically v sup]ior1 he f\nd t ! numb] ( *ildr5 produc$ & br\ght to maturity increas$ 9 a fairly direct ratio4 ,8 figures are z foll[s3 ,,bo? ,,sexes 7,,av]ag$7 ,grades = virtues #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,av]age numb] ( adult *ildr54 #a4ff #b4hf #b4ii #b4da #c4dd #c4di #c4je #c4jc #c4ic #c4hc ,inve/igations ( ,k>l ,pe>son & ,alex&] ,graham ,bell#gb %[ t fecundity & longevity are associat$4 ,x foll[s t ! m5tally & morally sup]ior1 :o are ! mo/ fecund1 are also ! longe/-liv$2 & z ?is longevity is l>gely due to inh]itance x foll[s t1 "u natural conditions1 ! /&>d ( ! /ratum ( society "u consid]ation w\ld gradually rise1 9 respect to longevity1 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,su* is probably "o ( ! me?ods by :i* ! human race has gradually increas$ its level ( desirable *>act]s 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,! desirable *>act]s 7 associat$ ) ea* o!r1 & also ) fecundity4 ,! desirable *>act]s are /ill associat$ ) ea* o!r1 b _! association ) fecundity is n[ negative4 ,x is 9 ?is *ange t eug5ics f9ds ju/ification = its exi/5ce z a propag&a4 ,its object is to re/ore ! positive correlation betwe5 desirable *>act]s & fecundity1 on :i* ! progressive evolution ( ! race dep5ds4 ,! be>+ ( natural selection on ! pres5t-day evolution ( ! human race1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 mu/ be review$ 9 a few clos+ p>agraphs4 ,selection by dea? may result ei!r f inadequate food supply1 or f "s o!r le?al factor4 ,! =m] type1 al?\gh some?+ ( a bugaboo ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,mal?us1 has 9 reality relatively little effect on ! human race at pres5t4 ,non-su/5tative le?al selection 9 man is op]at+ *iefly ?r\gh zymotic diseases & ! bad hygi5e ( ! m5tally inf]ior4 ,reproductive selection is increas+ly effective & its action is su* z to cause grave al>m bo? ?r\gh ! failure ( "s to m>ry prop]ly 7sexual selection7 & ! failure ( "s to be> en\gh *ildr51 :ile o!rs be> too _m 7fecundal selection74 ,x is obvi\s t ! racial result ( ?is process w dep5d on :at k9d ( p be> & re> ! mo/ *ildr52 & x has be5 %[n t 9 g5]al ! l>g] families are 9 ! section ( ! population t makes few] contributions to human prosp]ity & happ9ess1 :ile ^? end[$ ) great gifts1 :o ought to be transmitt+ !m to _! *ildr51 are 9 _m cases n ev5 reproduc+ _! own numb]4 ,natural selection rais$ man f apehood to 8 pres5t e/ate4 ,x is /ill op]at+ on him on a l>ge scale1 9 sev]al ways1 b 9 none ( ^! ways is x n[ do+ mu* actually to improve ! race1 & 9 "s ways1 ow+ to man's own int]f]5ce1 x is rapidly ha/5+ race deg5]acy4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,orig9 ,,& ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,eug5ics ,,movem5t ,eug5ics1 wrote ,francis ,galton1 :o f\nd$ ! sci5ce & co9$ ! "n1 is ! /udy ( ag5cies "u social control t may improve or impair ! racial qualities ( future g5]ations1 ei!r physically or m5tally4 ,! def9ition is univ]sally accept$1 b by its use ( ! ^w /udy x def9es a pure sci5ce1 & ! pres5t book is conc]n$ r ) ! application ( su* a sci5ce4 ,accept+ ,galton's def9ition1 we %all = our purposes slightly ext5d x by say+ t appli$ eug5ics embraces all su* measures1 9 use or prospect ei!r individually or collectively1 z may improve or impair ! racial qualities ( future g5]ations ( man1 ei!r physically or m5tally1 :e!r or n ?is 0 ! av[$ purpose4 ,x is "o ( ! newe/ ( sci5ces4 ,x 0 practically =c$ into exi/5ce by logical necessity4 ,x is c]ta9ly "h to /ay1 & x dem&s ! "r to speak1 9 _m cases to ca/ ! decid+ vote1 on "s ( ! mo/ important que/ions t confront society4 ,! sci5ce ( eug5ics is ! natural result ( ! spread & acceptance ( organic evolution1 foll[+ ! publication ( ,d>w9's "w on ,! ,orig9 ( ,species by ,means ( ,natural ,selection1 9 #ahei4 ,x took a g5]ation = 8 ideas to w9 ! day2 b !n !y revolutioniz$ ! intellectual life ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,man came to realize t ! c\rse ( nature is regul>2 t ! obs]v$ sequ5ces ( ev5ts c be describ$ 9 =mulas :i* are call$ natural laws2 he le>n$ t he c\ld a*ieve great results 9 plant & animal bre$+ by work+ 9 h>mony ) ^! laws4 ,!n ! "q logically arose1 ,is n man himself subject to ^! same laws8 ,c he n use 8 k ( !m to improve 8 own species1 z he has be5 m or less consci\sly improv+ ! plants & animals t 7 ( mo/ value to him1 = _m c5turies8 ,! evolutioni/ answ]$ bo? ^! que/ions affirmatively4 ,h[ev] great may be ! sup]iority ( 8 m9d1 man is fir/ ( all an animal1 subject to ! natural laws t gov]n o!r animals4 ,he c le>n to comply ) ^! laws2 he c1 !re=e1 take an active %>e 9 fur!r+ ! process ( evolution t[>d a high] life4 ,t1 briefly1 is ! scope ( ! sci5ce ( eug5ics1 z its f\nd]1 ,sir ,francis ,galton1 conceiv$ x4 ,n[ t ?is new animal1 man1 f9ds himself someh[ 9 exi/5ce1 end[$ ) a little p[] & intellig5ce1 ,galton wrote #cj ye>s ago1 he ought1 ,i submit1 to awake to a full] k ( 8 relatively great position1 & beg9 to assume a delib]ate "p 9 fur!r+ ! great "w ( evolution4 ,he may inf] ! c\rse x is b\nd to pursue1 f 8 obs]vation ( t :i* x has already foll[$1 & he might devote 8 modicum ( p[]1 intellig5ce & k9dly feel+ to r5d] its future progress less sl[ & pa9ful4 ,man has already fur!r$ evolution v consid]ably1 half consci\sly1 & = 8 own p]sonal advantages1 b he has n yet ris5 to ! conviction t x is 8 religi\s duty to d s1 delib]ately & sy/ematically4 ,b1 x may well be ask$1 h[ does ?is sudd5 ne$ = eug5ics arise1 :5 ! _w has gone along )\t x = hundr$s ( millions ( ye>s 9 ! pa/1 & ! human race has made ! great asc5t f an ape-l condition 9 spite ( ! fact t su* a sci5ce z eug5ics 0 nev] dream$ (8 ,= answ] recall t natural selection1 :i* is ma9ly responsible = br++ man to 8 pres5t situation1 has work$ *iefly ?r\gh a diff]5tial dea?-rate4 ,! less fit die3 ! m fit survive4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages ( society1 man int]f]$ little ) natural selection4 ,b dur+ ! la/ c5tury ! increase ( ! philan?ropic _s & ! progress ( m$ic9e h done a great deal to int]f]e ) ! selective process4 ,9 "s ways1 selection 9 ! human race has almo/ ceas$2 9 _m ways x is actually rev]s$1 t is1 x results 9 ! survival ( ! inf]ior r ?an ! sup]ior4 ,9 ! old5 days ! crim9al 0 summ>ily execut$1 ! weakly *ild di$ soon aft] bir? ?r\gh lack ( prop] c>e & m$ical att5tion1 ! insane 7 dealt ) s viol5tly t if !y 7 n kill$ by ! treatm5t !y 7 at lea/ left hopelessly incurable & _h little *ance ( becom+ p>5ts4 ,h>% measures1 all ( ^!1 b !y kept ! g]m-plasm ( ! race reasonably purifi$4 ,to-day1 h[ is x8 ,! ineffici5ts1 ! wa/rels1 ! physical1 m5tal1 & moral cripples are c>efully pres]v$ at public exp5se4 ,! crim9al is turn$ out on p>ole aft] a few ye>s1 to become ! fa!r ( a family4 ,! insane is dis*>g$ z cur$1 aga9 to take up ! duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,! feeble-m9d$ *ild is pa9fully educat$1 (t5 at ! exp5se ( 8 normal bro!r or si/]4 ,9 %ort1 ! undesirables ( ! race1 ) :om ! bloody h& ( natural selection w\ld h made %ort "w e>ly 9 life1 are n[ nurs$ along to old age4 ,( c\rse1 "o w\ld n h x o!rwise ) respect to ! prolongation ( life4 ,to expose de=m$ *ildr5 z ! ,sp>tans did w\ld outrage our moral s5tim5ts2 to *lor(orm ! incurable is a proposition t almo/ e "o condemns4 ,b ?is philan?ropic _s1 ?is zeal\s reg>d = ! int]e/s ( ! un=tunate1 :i* is rightly consid]$ "o ( ! highe/ manife/ations ( ,*ri/ian civilization1 has 9 _m cases b5efit$ ! few at ! exp5se ( ! _m4 ,! pres5t g5]ation1 9 mak+ its own life com=table1 is leav+ a /agg]+ bill to be paid by po/]ity4 ,x is at ?is po9t t eug5ics comes 9 & dem&s t a di/9ction be made betwe5 ! int]e/s ( ! individual & ! int]e/s ( ! race4 ,x does n yield to any "o 9 its solicitude = ! individual un=tunate2 b x says1 ,8 happ9ess 9 life does n ne$ to include leav+ a family ( *ildr51 inh]itors ( 8 defects1 :o if !y 7 able to ?9k might curse him = begett+ !m & curse society = all[+ !m to be born4 ,& look+ at ! o!r side ( ! problem1 eug5ics says to ! "y man & "y woman1 ,y %\ld enjoy ! greate/ happ9ess t love c br+ to a life4 ,b some?+ m is expect$ ( y ?an a selfi%1 %ort-sight$ indiff]5ce to all except y\rselves 9 ! _w4 ,:5 y und]/& ! relation ( ! individual to ! race1 y w f9d y\r greate/ happ9ess only 9 a m>riage :i* w result 9 a family ( wor?y *ildr54 ,y are tempor>ily a cu/odian ( ! inh]itance ( ! :ole pa/2 x is f> m disgraceful = y to squ&] or ru9 ?is h]itage1 or to reg>d x z int5d$ solely = y\r individual1 selfi% gratification1 ?an x w\ld be = y to dissipate a =tune 9 money :i* y _h receiv$1 or to betray any tru/ :i* _h be5 confid$ to y by "o ( y\r fell[ m54 ,su* is ! tea*+ ( eug5ics4 ,x is n :olly new4 ,! e>ly ,greeks gave mu* ?\ght to x1 & ) ! insight :i* *>act]iz$ !m1 !y rightly put ! emphasis on ! con/ructive side2 !y s\ght to bre$ bett] m5 & wom51 n m]ely to accompli% a "w ( hygi5e1 to less5 taxes1 & r$uce suff]+1 by r$uc+ ! numb] ( un=tunates among !m4 ,z e>ly z ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! ,greek poet ,!ognis ( ,meg>a wrote3 ,we look = rams & asses & /allions ( good /ock1 & "o believes t good w come f good2 yet a good man m9ds n to w$ an evil daught] ( an evil sire1 if he b give h] mu* weal?4444 ,weal? conf\nds our /ock4 ,m>vel n t ! /ock ( our folk is t>ni%$1 = ! good is m+l+ ) ! base4 ,a c5tury lat] eug5ics 0 discuss$ 9 "s detail by ,plato1 :o sugge/$ t ! /ate int]v5e to mate ! be/ ) ! be/1 & ! wor/ ) ! wor/2 ! =m] %\ld be enc\rag$ to h l>ge families1 & _! *ildr5 %\ld be re>$ by ! gov]nm5t1 :ile ! *ildr5 ( ! unfit 7 to be1 z he says1 put away 9 "s my/]i\s1 unkn[n places1 z !y %\ld be4 ,ari/otle develop$ ! idea on political l9es1 be+ m int]e/$ 9 ! economic ?an ! biological aspects ( m>riage2 b he held firmly to ! doctr9e t ! /ate %\ld feel free to int]v5e 9 ! int]e/s ( reproductive selection4 ,= ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s aft] ?is1 consci\s eug5ic ideals 7 l>gely ignor$4 ,con/ant w> rev]s$ natural selection1 z x is do+ to-day1 by kill+ (f ! physically fit & leav+ ! relatively unfit to reproduce ! race2 :ile mona/icism & ! en=c$ celibacy ( ! prie/hood p]=m$ a simil> (fice = _m ( ! m5tally sup]ior1 attract+ !m to a c>e] 9 :i* !y c\ld leave no po/]ity4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury a g]m ( mod]n eug5ics is visible 9 ,mal?us' fam\s essay on population1 9 :i* he direct$ att5tion to ! importance ( ! bir?-rate = human welf>e1 s9ce ?is essay l$ ,d>w9 & ,wallace to enunciate ! !ory ( natural selection1 & to po9t out cle>ly ! effects ( artificial selection4 ,x is really on ,d>w9's "w t ! mod]n sci5ce ( eug5ics is bas$1 & x owes its beg9n+ to ,d>w9's c\s91 ,francis ,galton4 ,galton 0 born 9 #ahbb1 /udi$ ma!matics & m$ic9e1 travel$ widely1 atta9$ fame z an explor] 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & aft] inh]it+ suffici5t income to make him indep5d5t1 settl$ d[n 9 ,london & gave 8 "t to pione]+ exp]im5ts 9 _m bran*es ( sci5ce4 ,he contribut$ l>gely to f\nd+ ! sci5ce ( meteorology1 op5$ new pa?s 9 exp]im5tal psy*ology1 introduc$ ! sy/em ( f+] pr9ts to an?ropology1 & took up ! /udy ( h]$ity1 publi%+ 9 #ahfe a s]ies ( articles "u ! title ( ,h]$it>y ,tal5t & ,g5ius1 :i* conta9$ 8 fir/ utt]ances on eug5ics4 ,! pres5t g5]ation c h>dly und]/& :at a new field ,galton broke4 ,ev5 ,d>w9 _h suppos$ t m5 d n diff] v mu* 9 intellectual end[m5t1 & t _! diff]5ces 9 a*ievem5t are pr9cipally ! result ( diff]5ces 9 zeal & indu/ry4 ,galton's articles1 ^: !sis 0 t bett] m5 c\ld be br$ by consci\s selection1 attract$ mu* att5tion f ! sci5tific _w & 7 exp&$ 9 #ahfi 9 8 book ,h]$it>y ,g5ius4 ,?is 0 an elaborate & pa9/ak+ /udy ( ! biographies ( #igg m5 :o w\ld rank1 accord+ to ,galton's e/imate1 z ab\t #a to #d1jjj ( ! g5]al population1 9 respect to a*ievem5t4 ,! numb] ( families f\nd to conta9 m ?an "o em95t man 0 #cjj1 divid$ z foll[s3 ,judges1 #he2 ,/atesm51 #ci2 ,comm&]s1 #bg2 ,lit]>y1 #cc2 ,sci5tific1 #dc2 ,poets1 #bj2 ,arti/s1 #bh2 ,div9es1 #be4 ,! close gr\p+s ( ! int]relat$ em95ce l$ to ! conclusion t h]$ity plays a v important "p 9 a*ievem5t4 ,! great] success ( real sons ( great m5 z comp>$ ) adopt$ sons ( great m5 likewise indicat$1 he ?\ght1 t success is due to actual biological h]$ity r ?an to ! good opportunities af=d$ ! scion ( ! illu/ri\s family4 ,galton's conclusion 0 t by select+ f /ra9s t produc$ em95ce1 a sup]ior human /ock c\ld be br$4 ,9 #ahgd he publi%$ a simil> /udy ( ! h]$ity ( #ahj em95t ,engli% sci5ti/s1 remphasiz+ ! claims ( nature ov] nurture1 to use 8 famili> anti!sis4 ,9 #ahhc he publi%$ ,inquiries into ! ,human ,faculty & ,its ,developm5t1 a collection ( evolution>y & an?ropometric essays :]e ! ^w ,eug5ics 0 fir/ us$ 9 a new exposition ( ! au?or's views4 ,natural ,inh]itance appe>$ 9 #ahhi1 be+ ! ess5ce ( v>i\s memoirs publi%$ s9ce ,h]$it>y ,g5ius1 deal+ ) ! g5]al biological pr9ciples und]ly+ ! /udy ( h]$ity & cont9u+ ! /udy ( resemblances betwe5 individuals 9 respect to /ature1 eye color1 arti/ic faculty & morbid conditions4 ,galton's int]e/ 9 eug5ics 0 n less5$ by ! abundant criticism he receiv$1 & 9 #aija he def5d$ ,! ,possible ,improvem5t ( ! ,human ,bre$ "u ,exi/+ ,conditions ( ,law & ,s5tim5t be=e ! ,an?ropological ,society4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he read a pap] entitl$ ,eug5ics2 ,its ,def9ition1 ,scope & ,aims1 to ! ,sociological ,society4 ,8 program1 9 brief1 0 z foll[s3 #a4 ,dissem9ate k ( h]$it>y laws z f> z surely kn[n & promote _! fur!r /udy4 #b4 ,inquire into bir? rates ( v>i\s /rata ( society 7classifi$ accord+ to civic usefulness7 9 anci5t & mod]n nations4 #c4 ,collect reliable data %[+ h[ l>ge & ?riv+ families h mo/ frequ5tly orig9at$4 #d4 ,/udy ! influ5ces affect+ m>riage4 #e4 ,p]si/5tly set =? ! national importance ( ,eug5ics4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 ,galton aga9 read a pap] be=e ! ,society1 sugge/+ ! aw>d ( c]tificates ( quality to ! eug5ically fit4 ,he also ma9ta9$ t m>riage cu/oms :i* are l>gely controll$ by public op9ion c\ld be modifi$ = racial welf>e ?r\gh a mold+ ( public s5tim5t4 ,9 #aijd he f\nd$ a ,rese>* ,fell[%ip at ! ,univ]sity ( ,london to det]m9e1 if possible1 :at ! /&>d ( fitness is1 & 9 #aije a ,s*ol>%ip 0 add$4 ,edg> ,s*u/] & ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,eld]ton held ^! po/s until #aijg1 :5 ,pr(essor ,k>l ,pe>son took *>ge ( ! rese>* "w &1 at ! resignation ( ,mr4 ,s*u/]1 ,david ,h]on 0 appo9t$ ,fell[4 ,on ,galton's dea?1 ,janu>y #ag1 #aiaa1 x became kn[n t ?r\gh ! t]ms ( 8 w a pr(essor%ip 0 f\nd$ & ,pr(essor ,pe>son 0 invit$ to hold x4 ,8 corps ( work]s con/itutes ! ,galton ,eug5ics ,laboratory /aff4 ,to spread ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% ,empire su* k ( eug5ics z might be ga!r$ by speciali/s1 ! ,eug5ics ,education ,society 0 =m$ 9 #aijh ) ,galton z honor>y presid5t4 ,its field comprises3 7#a7 ,biology 9 s f> z x conc]ns h]$it>y selection2 7#b7 ,an?ropology z relat$ to race & m>riage2 7#c7 ,politics1 :]e x be>s on p>5?ood 9 relation to civic wor?2 7#d7 ,e?ics1 9 s f> z x promotes ideals t lead to ! improvem5t ( social quality2 7#e7 ,religion1 9 s f> z x /r5g!ns & sanctifies eug5ic duty4 ,9 ,am]ica ! movem5t got an e>ly />t b develop$ sl[ly4 ,! fir/ def9ite /ep 0 ! =mation ( an ,in/itute ( ,h]$ity 9 ,bo/on1 %ortly aft] #ahhj1 by ,lor+ ,moody1 :o 0 assi/$ by ! poet ,longfell[1 ,samuel ,e4 ,sewall1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,mann1 & o!r well-kn[n p4 ,he propos$ to "w v mu* along ! l9es t ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice lat] adopt$1 b he 0 ahead ( 8 "t1 & 8 attempt seems to h come to no?+4 ,9 #ahhc ,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 :o may be consid]$ ! fir/ sci5tific work] 9 eug5ics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 publi%$ a pap] on ! dang] ( ! =mation ( a deaf v>iety ( ! human race 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 :i* he gave ! result ( rese>*es he _h made at ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d & o!r localities dur+ prec$+ ye>s1 on ! p$igrees ( cong5itally deaf p]sons--deaf mutes1 z !y 7 !n call$4 ,he %[$ cle>ly t cong5ital deafness is l>gely due to h]$ity1 t x is mu* increas$ by consangu9e\s m>riages1 & t x is ( great importance to prev5t ! m>riage ( p]sons1 9 bo? ( ^: families cong5ital deafness is pres5t4 ,ab\t five ye>s lat] he f\nd$ ! ,volta ,bureau 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 = ! /udy ( deafness1 & ?is has fo/]$ a great deal ( rese>* "w on ?is p>ticul> phase ( h]$ity4 ,9 #aijc ! ,am]ican ,bre$]s' ,association 0 f\nd$ at ,/4 ,l\is by plant & animals bre$]s :o desir$ to keep 9 t\* ) ! new subject ( g5etics1 ! sci5ce ( bre$+1 :i* 0 rapidly com+ to h great practical importance4 ,f ! outset1 ! memb]s realiz$ t ! *anges :i* !y c\ld produce 9 races ( animals & plants might also be produc$ 9 man1 & ! sci5ce ( eug5ics 0 ?us recogniz$ on a s\nd biological basis4 ,soon a def9ite eug5ics section 0 =m$1 & z ! importance ( ?is section increas$1 & x 0 realiz$ t ! "n ( ,bre$]s' ,association 0 too n>r[ly con/ru$ by ! public1 ! association *ang$ its "n 7#aiac7 to ! ,am]ican ,g5etic ,association1 & ! "n ( its organ f ! ,am]ican ,bre$]s' ,magaz9e to ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity4 ,"u ! auspices ( ?is association1 ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice 0 e/abli%$ at ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 by ,dr4 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port4 ,x has be5 ma9ly support$ by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman1 b has s9ce be5 tak5 ov] by ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x is ga!r+ p$igrees 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 analyz+ !m & publi%+ ! results 9 a s]ies ( bullet9s4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s1 ! public has come to take a ke5 int]e/ 9 ! possibilities ( eug5ics4 ,?is has l$ "s sex hygi5i/s1 *ild welf>e work]s1 & p]sons simil>ly engag$1 to attempt to capitalize ! int]e/ 9 eug5ics by appropriat+ ! "n = _! own use4 ,we /rongly object to any su* misuse ( ! ^w1 :i* %\ld designate ! application ( g5etics to ! human race4 ,sex hygi5e1 *ild welf>e1 & o!r sanit>y & sociological movem5ts %\ld /& on _! own feet & leave to eug5ics ! scope :i* its ,greek d]ivation indicates = x1--! sci5ce ( good bre$+4#gc ,9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 ! ideas ( eug5ics h gradually spread4 ,9 #aiab ! fir/ ,int]national ,eug5ics ,congress 0 held at ,london1 "u auspices ( ! ,eug5ics ,education ,society2 m ?an #gjj delegates 7 9 att5dance4 ,g]many1 ,sw$51 ,switz]l& & ,au/ria are unit$ 9 an ,int]national ,eug5ics ,society & ! w> l$ to ! =mation ( a numb] ( sep>ate societies 9 ,g]many4 ,hung>y has =m$ an organization ( its own1 ,france has its society 9 ,p>is1 & ! ,italian ,an?ropological ,society has giv5 mu* att5tion to ! subject4 ,! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,d5m>k has simil>ly recogniz$ eug5ics by ! =mation ( a sep>ate section4 ,! ,in/itut ,solvay ( ,belgium1 a f\ndation ) sociological aims1 creat$ a eug5ics section sev]al ye>s ago2 & 9 ,holl& a /rong committee has be5 =m$4 ,la/ ( all1 ,sw$5 has put a l>ge sep>ate organization 9 ! field4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! subject has int]e/$ _m wom5's clubs1 college organizations & ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,associations1 :ile ! p]iodical press has giv5 x a l>ge am\nt ( att5tion4 ,public en?usiasm1 (t5 ill-guid$1 has 9 a few cases outrun ! facts1 & has secur$ legislation 9 "s /ates1 :i* by no means meets ! approval ( mo/ sci5tific eug5i/s4 ,:5 we speak ( sci5tific eug5i/s1 x may appe> t we use ! ^w 9 an invidi\s way4 ,we use x delib]ately1 & by us+ x we mean to intimate t we d n ?9k en?usiasm is an adequate sub/itute = k1 9 anyone :o assumes to pass judgm5t ^u a measure z be+ eug5ic or dysg5ic--z likely to improve ! race or cause its det]ioration4 ,eug5ics is a biological sci5ce :i*1 9 its application1 mu/ be int]pret$ ) ! help ( ! be/ sci5tific me?od4 ,v few social work]s1 ^: field eug5ics t\*es1 are compet5t to und]/& its be>+s )\t "s /udy1 & an appreciation ( eug5ics is ! m difficult = !m1 because an und]/&+ ( x w %[ !m t "s ( _! "w is bas$ on false premises4 ,! av]age legislator is equally unlikely to und]/& ! full import ( eug5ics1 unless he has made a def9ite ef=t to d s4 ,all ! m honor1 !n1 to ! rapidly increas+ numb] ( social work]s & legislators :o h grasp$ ! full mean+ ( eug5ics & are n[ /riv+ to put x 9 effect4 ,! agriculturi/1 ?r\gh 8 exp]i5ce ) plants & animals1 is probably bett] qualifi$ ?an anyone else to realize ! practicability ( eug5ics1 & x is accord+ly n a matt] ( m]e *ance t ! sci5ce ( eug5ics 9 ,am]ica 0 built up by a bre$]s' association1 & has f\nd & /ill f9ds hundr$s ( effective advocates 9 ! graduates ( ! agricultural colleges4 ,! program ( eug5ics naturally divides itself 9 two p>ts3 7#a7 ,r$uc+ ! racial contribution ( ! lea/ desirable "p ( ! population4 7#b7 ,increas+ ! racial contribution ( ! sup]ior "p ( ! population4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is program is ! mo/ press+ & ! mo/ easily dealt )2 x is no cause = surprise1 !n1 t to _m p x has seem$ to be ! pr$om9ant aim ( eug5ics4 ,c]ta9ly ! problem is great en\gh to /agg] anyone :o looks x full 9 ! face2 al?\gh = a v>iety ( reasons1 satisfactory /ati/ical evid5ce ( racial deg5]acy is h>d to get4 ,consid]+ only ! in/itutional population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "o gets ! foll[+ figures3 ,,bl9d3 total1 #fd1gfc accord+ to c5sus ( #aijj4 ,( ^!1 #ce1fde 7 totally bl9d & #bi1aah p>tly bl9d4 ,! affection is /at$ to h be5 cong5ital 9 #d1gcj cases4 ,n9ete5 p] c5t ( ! bl9d 7 f\nd to h bl9d relatives2 #d4e ( !m 7 return$ z ! (fspr+ ( c\s9 m>riages4 ,,deaf3 total1 #hf1eae1 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #aijj4 ,m ?an #ej1jjj ( !m 7 deaf f *ildhood 7"u #bj71 #ab1fji be+ deaf f bir?4 ,at lea/ #d4e ( ! deaf 7 /at$ to be (fspr+ ( c\s9 m>riages1 & #cb4a to h deaf relatives4 ,! significance ( ?is c n be det]m9$ unless x is kn[n h[ _m normal p]sons h deaf relatives 7or bl9d relatives1 9 consid]+ ! prec$+ p>agraph71 b x po9ts to ! exi/5ce ( families t are *>act]iz$ by deafness 7or bl9dness74 ,,insane3 ! c5sus ( #aiaj enum]at$ only ! insane :o 7 9 in/itutions2 !y numb]$ #ahg1gia4 ,! numb] outside ( in/itutions is d\btless consid]able b c n be comput$4 ,! in/itutional population is n a p]man5t1 b ma9ly a transi5t "o1 ! numb] ( p]sons dis*>g$ f in/itutions 9 #aiaj be+ #bi1cjd4 ,z ! numb] & size ( in/itutions does n increase v rapidly1 x w\ld appe> probable t #be1jjj insane p]sons pass ?r\gh & out ( in/itutions1 & back into ! g5]al population1 ea* ye>4 ,f ?is "o c get "s idea ( ! am\nt ( neurotic weakness 9 ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--mu* ( x cong5ital & h]itable 9 "*4 ,,feeble-,,m9d$3 ! c5sus 7#aiaj7 li/s only ^? 9 in/itutions1 :o total$ ab\t #dj1jjj4 ,! c5sus exp]ts believe t #bjj1jjj w\ld be a cons]vative e/imate ( ! total numb] ( feeble-m9d$ 9 ! c\ntry1 & _m psy*ologi/s ?9k t #cjj1jjj w\ld be m ne>ly accurate4 ,! numb] ( feeble-m9d$ :o are receiv+ in/itutional c>e is almo/ c]ta9ly n m ?an #aj or #ae ( ! total1 & _m ( ^! 7ab\t #ae1jjj7 are 9 alm%\ses1 n special in/itutions4 ,,paup]s3 ,!re 7 #hd1aih paup]s enum]at$ 9 alm%\ses on ,janu>y #a1 #aiaj1 & #hh1cac admitt$ dur+ ! ye>1 :i* indicates t ! alm%\se paup]s are a rapidly %ift+ gr\p4 ,?is population1 probably ( sev]al hundr$ ?\s& p]sons1 :o drift into & out ( alm%\ses1 c h>dly be *>act]iz$ accurately1 b 9 l>ge "p x mu/ be consid]$ at lea/ ineffici5t & probably ( m5tally l[ grade4 ,,crim9als3 ,! inmates ( prisons1 p5it5ti>ies1 re=matories1 & simil> places ( det5tion numb]$ #aaa1fji 9 #aiaj2 ?is does n include #be1jjj juv5ile del9qu5ts4 ,! jail population is ne>ly all transi5t2 "o mu/ be v cauti\s 9 inf]r+ t conviction = an (f5se aga9/ ! law indicates lack ( eug5ic value2 b x is wor? not+ t ! numb] ( (f5d]s :o are feeble-m9d$ is probably n less ?an "o-f\r? or "o-?ird4 ,if ! numb] ( inebriates c\ld be add$1 x w\ld greatly increase ! total2 & inebriacy or *ronic alcoholism is g5]ally recogniz$ n[ z indicat+ 9 a majority ( cases ei!r feeble-m9d$ness or "s o!r defect ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,! numb] ( crim9als :o are 9 "s way neurotically ta9t$ is plac$ by "s psy*ologi/s at #ej or m ( ! total prison population4 ,add to ^! a numb] ( epileptics1 tramps1 pro/itutes1 begg>s1 & o!rs :om ! c5sus enum]ator f9ds x difficult to cat*1 & ! total numb] ( possible undesirable p>5ts becomes v l>ge4 ,x is 9 fact mu* l>g] ?an appe>s 9 ^! figures1 because ( ! fact t _m p c>ry defects t are lat5t & only appe> 9 ! (fspr+ ( a m>riage repres5t+ two ta9t$ /ra9s4 ,?us ! feeble-m9d$ *ild usually if n always has feeble-m9d$ness 9 bo? 8 fa!r's & "m's ance/ry1 & = e "o ( ! pat5t feeble-m9d$ above enum]at$1 !re may be sev]al doz5 lat5t ones1 :o are !mselves probably normal 9 e way & yet c>ry ! dang]\sly ta9t$ g]m-plasm4 ,! e/imate has frequ5tly be5 made t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be mu* bett] (f eug5ically if x 7 depriv$ ( ! future racial contributions ( at lea/ #aj ( its citiz5s4 ,:ile lit]ally true ?is e/imate is too high = ! gr\p :i* c\ld be consid]$ = attempts to directly control 9 a practical eug5ics program4 ,natural selection1 9 ! e>ly days ( man's hi/ory1 w\ld h kill$ (f _m ( ^! p e>ly 9 life4 ,!y w\ld h be5 unable to compete ) _! physically & m5tally m vigor\s fell[s & w\ld h di$ mis]ably by />vation or viol5ce4 ,natural selection's use ( ! dea?-rate 0 a brutal "o1 b at lea/ x prev5t$ su* traits z ^! p %[ f increas+ 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,eug5i/s hope to arrive at ! same result1 n by ! dea?-rate b by ! bir?-rate4 ,if g]m9ally anti-social p]sons are kept humanely segregat$ dur+ _! lifetime1 in/ead ( be+ turn$ out aft] a few ye>s ( in/itutional life & all[$ to m>ry1 !y w leave no desc5dants1 & ! numb] ( cong5ital defectives 9 ! community w be notably dim9i%$4 ,if ! same policy is foll[$ ?r\gh succe$+ g5]ations1 ! numb] ( defectives1 ( ^? incapable ( tak+ a useful "p 9 society1 w become small] & small]4 ,"o :o does n believe t ^! p h& on _! traits to _! desc5dants may pr(itably consid] ! fam\s hi/ory ( ! s-call$ ,juke family1 a /ra9 orig9at+ among ! f+] lakes ( ,new ,york1 ^: hi/ory 0 publi%$ by ,r4 ,l4 ,dugdale z f> back z #ahgg & lately re/udi$ by ,a4 ,h4 ,e/abrook4 ,f "o lazy vagabond nicknam$ ',juke1' born 9 #agbj1 ^: two sons m>ri$ five deg5]ate si/]s1 six g5]ations numb]+ ab\t #a1bjj p]sons ( e grade ( idl5ess1 vici\sness1 lewdness1 paup]ism1 disease1 idiocy1 insanity & crim9ality 7 trac$4 ,( ! total sev5 g5]ations1 #cjj di$ 9 infancy2 #caj 7 pr(essional paup]s1 kept 9 alm%\ses a total ( #b1cjj ye>s2 #ddj 7 physically wreck$ by _! own 'diseas$ wick$ness'2 m ?an half ! wom5 fell into pro/itution2 #acj 7 convict$ crim9als2 #fj 7 ?ieves2 #g 7 murd]]s2 only #bj le>n$ a trade1 #aj ( ^! 9 /ate prison1 & all at a /ate co/ ( ov] #a1bej1jjj4gd ,h[ h]$ity works bo? ways1 is %[n by ! hi/ory ( ! ,kallikak family1 publi%$ by ,h4 ,h4 ,godd>d a few ye>s ago4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> a "y man1 kn[n 9 ! hi/ory z ,m>t9 ,kallikak1 _h a son by a nameless1 feeble-m9d$ girl1 f :om !re h desc5d$ 9 ! direct l9e f\r hundr$ & eighty individuals4 ,"o hundr$ & =ty-?ree ( ^! are kn[n to h be5 feeble-m9d$1 & only =ty-six are kn[n to h be5 normal4 ,! re/ are unkn[n or d\btful4 ,?irty-six h be5 illegitimate2 ?irty-?ree1 sexually immoral1 mo/ly pro/itutes2 tw5ty-f\r1 alcoholic2 ?ree1 epileptic2 eighty-two di$ 9 infancy2 ?ree 7 crim9al1 & eight kept h\ses ( ill-fame4 ,aft] ! w>1 ,m>t9 ,kallikak m>ri$ a woman ( good /ock4 ,f ?is union h come 9 direct l9e f\r hundr$ & n9ety-six1 among :om only two 7 alcoholic1 & "o kn[n to be sexually immoral4 ,! legitimate *ildr5 ( ,m>t9 h be5 doctors1 lawy]s1 judges1 educators1 trad]s1 l&hold]s1 9 %ort1 respectable citiz5s1 m5 & wom5 prom95t 9 e phase ( social life4 ,^! two families h liv$ on ! same soil1 9 ! same atmosph]e1 & 9 %ort1 "u ! same g5]al environm5t1 yet ! b> s9i/] has m>k$ e g5]ation ( "o & has be5 unkn[n 9 ! o!r4 ,if x 7 possible to improve or eradicate ^! defective /ra9s by giv+ !m bett] surr\nd+s1 ! nation might easily get rid ( ?is burd54 ,b we h giv5 reasons 9 ,*apt] ,i = believ+ t ! problem c n be solv$ 9 t way1 & m evid5ce to ! same effect w be pres5t 9 o!r *apt]s ( ! book4 ,an und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ! problem w %[ t pres5t me?ods ( disp5s+ ju/ice1 giv+ *>ity1 deal+ ) defectives & work+ = social bett]m5t ne$ c>eful exam9ation & num]\s modifications1 if !y are n to be ineffectual or m]ely palliative1 or worse /ill1 if !y are n to give tempor>y relief at ! co/ ( greatly aggravat+ ! social disease 9 ! end4 ,9 ! pa/ ,am]ica has giv5 & at pres5t /ill gives mu* ?\ght to ! individual & little1 if any1 to po/]ity4 ,eug5ics does n want to dim9i% ?is reg>d = ! individual1 b x does insi/5tly decl>e t ! int]e/s ( ! _m are great] ?an ^? ( ! few1 & x holds t a /atesmanlike policy requires ?\ght = ! future z well z ! pres5t4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a eug5i/ to-day :o w\ld propose1 ) ,plato1 t ! infants ) bad h]$ity %\ld be put to dea?1 b _! "r to gr[ up to ! fulle/ enjoym5t ( life does n necess>ily include ! "r to pass on _! defective h]$ity to a long l9e ( desc5dants1 naturally increas+ 9 numb] 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,inde$ a reg>d = ! totality ( human happ9ess makes x necess>y t !y %\ld n s cont9ue4 ,:ile x is ! hope ( eug5ics t few] defective & anti-social individuals %all be born 9 ! future1 x has be5 emphasiz$ s mu* t ! program ( eug5ics is likely to be se5 9 false p]spective4 ,9 reality x is ! less important side ( ! picture4 ,m good citiz5s are want$1 z well z few] bad ones4 ,e race requires lead]s4 ,^! lead]s appe> f "t to "t1 & en\gh is kn[n ab\t eug5ics n[ to %[ t _! appe>ance is frequ5tly pr$ictable1 n accid5tal4 ,x is possible to h !m appe> m frequ5tly2 & 9 addition1 to raise ! level ( ! :ole race1 mak+ ! entire nation happi] & m useful4 ,^! are ! great tasks ( eug5ics4 ,am]ica ne$s m families l t old ,puritan /ra9 :i* is "o ( ! famili> examples ( eug5ics3 ,at _! head /&s ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 & beh9d him an array ( 8 desc5dants numb]+ 9 #aijj1 #a1cid1 ( :om #bie 7 college graduates2 #ac presid5ts ( our greate/ colleges2 #fe pr(essors 9 colleges1 besides _m pr9cipals ( o!r important educational in/itutions2 #fj physicians1 _m ( :om 7 em95t2 #ajj & m cl]gym51 mission>ies1 or !ological pr(essors2 #ge 7 (fic]s 9 ! army & navy2 #fj prom95t au?ors & writ]s1 by :om #ace books ( m]it 7 writt5 & publi%$ & #ah important p]iodicals edit$2 #cc ,am]ican /ates & sev]al =eign c\ntries1 & #ib ,am]ican cities & _m =eign cities h pr(it$ by ! b5efic5t influ5ces ( _! em95t activity2 #ajj & m 7 lawy]s1 ( :om "o 0 our mo/ em95t pr(essor ( law2 #cj 7 judges2 #hj held public (fice1 ( :om "o 0 vice presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ?ree 7 ,unit$ ,/ates s5ators2 sev]al 7 gov]nors1 memb]s ( ,congress1 fram]s ( /ate con/itutions1 mayors ( cities & m9i/]s ( =eign c\rts2 "o 0 presid5t ( ! ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company2 #ae railroads1 _m banks1 insurance companies1 & l>ge indu/rial ent]prises h be5 indebt$ to _! managem5t4 ,almo/ if n e dep>tm5t ( social progress & ( ! public weal has felt ! impulse ( ?is heal?y & long-liv$ family4 ,x is n kn[n t any "o ( !m 0 ev] convict$ ( crime4 ,e "o w agree t ! nation ne$s m families l t4 ,h[ c x get !m8 ,galton blaz$ ! way 9 #ahfe1 :5 he po9t$ to selective bre$+ z ! effective means4 ,! animal bre$] kn[s :at m>vels he c accompli% by ?is means2 b x is n practicable to bre$ human be+s 9 t direct way4 ,is !re any indirect me?od ( rea*+ ! same ends8 ,!re are1 9 our op9ion1 a good _m su* means1 & x is ! pr9cipal purpose ( ?is book to po9t !m out4 ,! problem ( con/ructive or positive eug5ics1 naturally divides itself into two p>ts3 #a4 ,to secure a suffici5t numb] ( m>riages ( ! sup]ior4 #b4 ,to secure an adequate bir?-rate f ^! m>riages4 ,! problem ( secur+ ^! two results is a complex "o1 :i* mu/ be attack$ by a v>iety ( me?ods4 ,x is necess>y t sup]ior p fir/ be made to desire m>riage & *ildr52 & secondly1 t x be economically & o!rwise possible = !m to c>ry out ?is desire4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to "k h[ ! ,g]mans are attack+ ! problem1 ev5 ?\gh "s ( _! measures may be consid]$ ineffective or inadvisable4 ,at its annual meet+ 9 #aiad ! ,g]man ,society = ,race ,hygi5e adopt$ a resolution on ! subject ( appli$ eug5ics4 ,! future ( ! ,g]man p is at /ake1 x decl>es4 ,! ,g]man empire c n 9 ! long run ma9ta9 its true nationality & ! indep5d5ce ( its developm5t1 if x does n beg9 )\t delay & ) ! greate/ en]gy to mold its int]nal & ext]nal politics z well z ! :ole life ( ! p 9 accordance ) eug5ic pr9ciples4 ,mo/ important ( all are measures = a high] reproduction ( heal?y & able families4 ,! rapidly decl9+ bir?-rate ( ! heal?y & able families necess>ily leads to ! social1 economical & political retrogression ( ! ,g]man p1 x po9ts out1 & !n goes on to enum]ate ! causes ( ?is decl9e1 :i* x ?9ks is p>tly due to ! action ( racial poisons b pr9cipally to ! increas+ willful re/riction ( ! numb] ( *ildr54 ,! society recognizes t ! reasons = ?is limitation ( ! size ( families are l>gely economic4 ,x enum]ates ! "q ( exp5se1 consid]ations ( economic inh]itance--t is1 a fa!r does n l to divide up 8 e/ate too mu*2 ! labor ( wom51 :i* is incompatible ) ! rais+ ( a l>ge family2 & ! difficulties caus$ by ! cr[d$ h\s+ 9 ! l>ge cities4 ,9 ord] to secure a po/]ity suffici5t 9 numb] & ability1 ! resolution cont9ues1 ,! ,g]man ,society = ,race ,hygi5e dem&s3 #a4 ,a back-to-! f>m movem5t4 #b4 ,bett] h\s+ facilities 9 ! cities4 #c4 ,economic assi/ance ( l>ge families ?r\gh paym5t ( a sub/antial relief to m>ri$ mo!rs :o survive _! husb&s1 & consid]ation ( ! numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! paym5t ( public & private employees4 #d4 ,abolition ( c]ta9 imp$im5ts to m>riage1 su* z ! army regulation =bidd+ (fic]s to m>ry be=e !y rea* a c]ta9 grade4 #e4 ,increase ( tax on alcohol1 tobacco & luxuries1 ! proce$s to be us$ to subsidize wor?y families4 #f4 ,m$ical regulations ( a hygi5ic nature4 #g4 ,sett+ out l>ge prizes = excell5t works ( art 7novels1 dramas1 pla/ic arts7 :i* glorify ! ideal ( mo!rhood1 ! family & simple life4 #h4 ,awak5+ a national m9d ready to und]go sacrifices on behalf ( future g5]ations4 ,9 spite ( "s defects su* a program br+s out cle>ly ! pr9ciple ( eug5ics1--! sub/itution ( a selective bir?-rate = ! selective dea?-rate by :i* natural selection has br\ght ! race to its pres5t level4 ,nature lets a multitude ( individuals be born & kills (f ! poor] ones2 eug5ics proposes to h few] poor ones & m good ones born 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,any means :i* t5ds to br+ ab\t "o ( ^? ends1 is a "p ( ,appli$ ,eug5ics4 ,by ?is "t ! read] w h se5 t eug5ics has "s def9ite ideals n only z to h[ ! race c be kept f det]iorat+ fur!r1 "u ! int]f]5ce ) natural selection :i* civilization entails1 b z to h[ its physical1 m5tal & moral level c actually be rais$4 ,he c easily draw 8 own conclusions z to :at eug5ics does n propose4 ,no eug5i/ wor?y ( ! "n has ev] propos$ to bre$ g5ius z ! /ockman bre$s trott+ horses1 despite jibes ( ! comic press to ! contr>y4 ,b if "y p1 be=e pick+ out _! life p>tn]s1 are ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! idea t su* qualities z en]gy1 longevity1 a s\nd con/itution1 public & private wor?1 are prim>ily due to h]$ity1 & if !y are taught to realize ! fact t "o m>ries n an individual b a family1 ! eug5i/ believes t bett] mat+s w be made1 sometimes realiz$1 sometimes ins5sibly4 ,fur!rmore1 if *ildr5 f su* mat+s are made an asset r ?an a liability2 if society ceases to p5alize1 9 a hundr$ insidi\s ways1 ! p>5ts ( l>ge & sup]ior families1 b honors & aids !m in/ead1 "o may ju/ifiably hope t ! bir?-rate 9 ! mo/ useful & happy "p ( ! population w /eadily increase4 ,p]haps t is z f> z x is necess>y t ! aim ( eug5ics %\ld be def9$2 yet "o c h>dly ignore ! philosophical aspect ( ! problem4 ,galton's sugge/ion t man %\ld assi/ ! c\rse ( 8 own evolution meets ) ! g5]al approval ( biologi/s2 b :5 "o asks :at ! ultimate goal ( human evolution %\ld be1 "o faces a difficult "q4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 c x be said t eug5ics really has a goal1 or is x m]ely /umbl+ along 9 ! d>k1 possibly f> f ! real road1 ( ^: exi/5ce x is aw>e b ( ^: location x has no k8 ,!re are sev]al r\tes on :i* "o c proce$ ) ! confid5ce t1 if no "o ( !m is ! ma9 road1 at lea/ x is likely to lead into ! latt] at "s "t4 ,=tunately1 eug5ics is1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 able to advance on all ^! pa?s at once2 = x proposes no def9ite goal1 x sets up no "o /&>d to :i* x w\ld make ! human race con=m4 ,tak+ man z x f9ds him1 x proposes to multiply all ! types t h be5 f\nd by pa/ exp]i5ce or pres5t reason to be ( mo/ value to society4 ,n only w\ld x multiply !m 9 numb]s1 b also 9 effici5cy1 9 capacity to s]ve ! race4 ,by s do+1 x und\bt$ly fulfills ! requirem5ts ( t popul> philosophy :i* holds ! aim ( society to be ! greate/ happ9ess = ! greate/ numb]1 or m def9itely ! increase ( ! totality ( human happ9ess4 ,to cause n to exi/ ^? :o w\ld be doom$ f bir? to give only unhapp9ess to !mselves & ^? ab\t !m2 to increase ! numb] ( ^? 9 :om useful physical & m5tal traits are well develop$2 to br+ ab\t an increase 9 ! numb] ( en]getic altrui/s & a decrease 9 ! numb] ( ! anti-social or defective2 surely su* an und]tak+ w come ne>] to increas+ ! happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 ?an w any tempor>y social palliative1 any o9tm5t = incurable social w\nds4 ,to ^? :o accept t philosophy1 made prom95t by ,j]emy ,b5?am1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & a ho/ ( o!r great ?9k]s1 eug5ics rightly und]/ood mu/ seem a prime necessity ( society4 ,b c any philosophy disp5se ) eug5ics8 ,take ^? to :om ! popul> philosophy ( happ9ess seems a dang]\s goal & to :om ! only object ( evolution t "o is at pres5t ju/ifi$ 9 recogniz+ is t ( ! p]petuation ( ! species & ( ! progressive conque/ ( nature1 ! acquir+ ( an asc5dancy ov] all ! e>?4 ,?is is n[ z mu* a matt] ( self-pres]vation z x is ( progress3 al?\gh man no long] fights = life ) ! cave be> & sab]-too!d tig]1 ! microbes :i* w> ) him are f> m dang]\s enemies ?an ! big mammals ( ! pa/4 ,! cont9uation ( evolution1 if x means conque/1 is n a "w = dilettantes & ,lotos ,eat]s2 x is a task t dem&s unremitt+ h>d "w4 ,to ?is new] philosophy ( creative "w eug5ics is none ! less ess5tial4 ,= eug5ics wants 9 ! _w m physically s\nd m5 & wom5 ) great] ability 9 any valuable way4 ,:atev] ! actual goal ( evolution may be1 x c h>dly be assum$ by any except ! pr(essional pessimi/1 t a race made up ( su* m5 & wom5 is go+ to be h&icapp$ by _! pres5ce4 ,! correlation ( abilities is z well atte/$ z any fact 9 psy*ology4 ,^? :o decry eug5ics on ! gr\nd t x is impossible to e/abli% any /&>d ( p]fection1 s9ce society ne$s _m div]se k9ds ( p1 are ov]look+ ?is fact4 ,any plan :i* increases ! production ( *ildr5 9 able families ( v>i\s types w !reby produce m ability ( all k9ds1 s9ce if a family is p>ticul>ly gift$ 9 "o way1 x is likely to be gift$ above ! av]age 9 sev]al o!r desirable ways4 ,eug5ics sets up no specific sup]man1 z a type to :i* ! re/ ( ! race mu/ be made to con=m4 ,x is n look+ =w>d to ! cessation ( its "w 9 a eug5ic mill5ium4 ,x is a p]petual process1 :i* seeks only to raise ! level ( ! race by ! production ( few] p ) physical & m5tal defects1 & m p ) physical & m5tal excell5cies4 ,su* a race %\ld be able to p]petuate itself1 to subdue nature1 to improve its environm5t progressively2 its memb]s %\ld be happy & productive4 ,to e/abli% su* a goal seems ju/ifi$ by ! k ( evolution :i* is n[ available2 & to make progress t[>d x is possible4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,desirability ,,( ,,re/rictive ,,eug5ics ,9 a rural "p ( ,p5nsylvania lives ! ,l4 family4 ,?ree g5]ations /udi$ all %[ ! same drift+1 irresponsible t5d5cy4 ,no "o c say !y are positively bad or s]i\s di/urb]s ( ! communities :]e !y may h a tempor>y home4 ,c]ta9 memb]s are epileptic & defective to ! po9t ( imbecility4 ,! fa!r ( ?is family drank & provid$ little = _! support4 ,! "m1 ?\gh h>d work+1 0 nev] able to c>e = !m prop]ly4 ,s !y & _! #ab *ildr5 7 frequ5t recipi5ts ( public relief1 a habit :i* !y h consi/5tly kept up4 ,t5 ( ! *ildr5 grew to maturity1 & all b "o m>ri$ & _h 9 _! turn l>ge families4 ,) two exceptions ^! h liv$ 9 ! t]ritory /udi$4 ,nobody kn[s h[ !y h subsi/$1 ev5 ) ! g5]\s help !y h receiv$4 ,!y drift 9 & out ( ! v>i\s settlem5ts1 tak+ c>e to keep _! resid5ce 9 ! c\nty :i* has provid$ mo/ lib]ally = _! support4 ,9 "s villages x is said t !y h be5 9 & out half a doz5 times 9 ! la/ few ye>s4 ,fir/ "o family comes slipp+ back1 !n "o by "o ! o!rs trail 9 z long z !re are *eap %elt]s to be _h4 ,!n r5ts fall due1 neighbors become suspici\s ( invad$ h5roo/s & potato pat*es1 & "o aft] ano!r ! families take _! dep>ture1 only to reappe> aft] a ye> or two4 ,! sev5 *ildr5 ( ! elde/ son 7 scatt]$ ye>s ago ?r\gh ! dea? ( _! fa!r4 ,!y 7 tak5 by /rang]s1 & ?\gh kept 9 s*ool1 none ( !m prov$ capable ( advancem5t4 ,?ree at lea/ c\ld n le>n to read or h&le ! smalle/ quantities4 ,! re/ d ?is ) difficulty4 ,all b two are n[ m>ri$ & f\nd+ ! f\r? g5]ation ( ?is l9e4 ,! family ( ! f\r? son are n[ c\nty *>ges4 ,( ! #ad *ildr5 ( s*ool age 9 ?is & ! rema9+ families1 all are greatly ret>d$4 ,"o is an epileptic & at #af c n read or write4 ,"o at #ae is 9 ! ?ird read] & %\ld be set d[n z defective4 ,! rema9d] are f "o to f\r ye>s ret>d$4 ,!re is no?+ /rik+ 9 ! annals ( ?is family4 ,x comes z ne> ! l[e/ m>g9 ( human exi/5ce z possible & illu/rates h[ m>k$ defect may sometimes exi/ )\t s]i\s results 9 ! infr+em5t ( law & cu/om4 ,its s]i\s m5ace1 h[ev]1 lies 9 ! c]ta9 m>riage into /ocks :i* are no bett]1 & ! production ( l>ge families :i* cont9ue to exi/ on ! same level ( semi-dep5d5cy4 ,9 place ( ! two dep5d5ts ( a g5]ation ago we n[ f9d 9 ! ?ird g5]ation #cb desc5dants :o bid fair to cont9ue _! exi/5ce on ! same plane--c]ta9ly an enorm\s multiplication ( ! initial burd5 ( exp5se4#ge ,f cases ( ?is sort1 :i* repres5t ! lea/ /rik+ k9d ( bad bre$+1 ! /ud5t may pass ?r\gh _m types up to ! great tribes ( ,jukes1 ,nams1 ,kallikaks1 ,z]os1 ,dacks1 ,i%maels1 ,sixties1 ,hickories1 ,hill ,folk1 ,p9ey ,folk1 & ! re/1 ) :i* ! read]s ( ! lit]ature ( re/rictive eug5ics are famili>4 ,x is abundantly demon/rat$ t mu*1 if n mo/1 ( _! tr\ble is ! outcome ( bad h]$ity4 ,inde$1 :5 a bran* ( "o ( ^! clans is transport$1 or emigrates1 to a :olly new environm5t1 x soon creates = itself1 9 _m cases1 an environm5t simil> to t f :i* x came4 ,:e!r x goes to ! city1 or to ! agricultural di/ricts ( ! we/1 x may soon manage to re/abli% ! debas+ atmosph]e to :i* x has always be5 accu/om$4#gf ,^? :o see 9 improvem5t ( ! environm5t ! cure = all su* plague spots z ^! tribes inhabit1 ov]look ! fact t man l>gely creates 8 own environm5t4 ,! /ory ( ! t5em5t-dwell]s :o 7 suppli$ ) ba? tubs b refus$ to use !m = any o!r purpose ?an to /ore coal1 exemplifies a wide range ( facts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,to ?is %anty an eld]ly man ( ! ,hickory family1 a great clan ( defectives 9 rural ,ohio1 br\ght 8 girl-bride1 toge!r ) 8 two gr[n sons by a =m] m>riage4 ,! %anty 0 conv5i5tly locat$ at a di/ance ( #ajj feet f ! city dump :]e ! family1 all ( :i* is feeble-m9d$1 secur$ its food4 ,su* a family is incapable ( protect+ ei!r itself or its neighbors1 & %\ld be c>$ = by ! /ate4 ,photograph f ,m9a ,a4 ,sessions4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*iefta9 ,,( ,,! ,,hickory ,,clan ,,fig4 #bg4--,?is is ,"y ,hank1 o!rwise kn[n z ,sore-,ey$ ,hank4 ,he is ! elde/ son & heir ( t ,hank ,hickory :o1 ) 8 wife & sev5 *ildr51 appli$ = admission to _! ,c\nty ,infirm>y :5 x 0 fir/ op5$4 ,= g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 8 family has be5 ! *ief patron ( all ! *>ities ( its c\nty4 ,"y ,hank m>ri$ 8 c\s9 & duplicat$ 8 fa!r's record by begett+ sev5 *ildr51 ?ree ( :om 7all feeble-m9d$7 are n[ liv+4 ,! numb] ( 8 gr&*ildr5 & great-gr&*ildr5 is increas+ e ye>1 b ! total c n be le>n$ f him1 = he is m5tally incapable ( c\nt+ ev5 ! numb] ( 8 own *ildr54 ,he is ab\t #gj ye>s ( age1 & has nev] done any "w except to make baskets4 ,he has liv$ a w&]+ life1 l>gely dep5d5t on *>ity4 ,= ! la/ #be ye>s he has be5 p>tly bl9d1 due to tra*oma4 ,he gets a bl9d p5sion ( #e a mon?1 :i* is adequate to keep him suppli$ ) *ew+ tobacco1 8 regul> ma/ication be+ #aj c5ts a day4 ,su* specim5s c be f\nd 9 _m rural communities2 if !y 7 segregat$ 9 y\? bo? !y & ! community w\ld be mu* bett] (f4 ,photograph f ,m9a ,a4 ,sessions4 ,al?\gh conditions may be wor/ 9 ! old] & m d5sely populat$ /ates1 x is probable t !re is no /ate 9 ! union :i* has n _m families1 or gr\p ( families1 ( ?is dep5d5t type1 :i* 9 favorable cases may attract little notice1 b !re=e d all ! m h>m eug5ically2 9 o!r cases may be notori\s z c5t]s ( crim9ality4 ,half a doz5 well-def9$ areas ( ?is k9d h be5 f\nd 9 ,p5nsylvania1 :i* is probably n exceptional 9 ?is respect4 ,^! diff]1 ( c\rse1 9 ext5t & "* & ! gravity ( ! problems !y pres5t4 ,9 "s !re is great sexual laxity1 :i* leads to v>i\s =ms ( dep5d5cy & sometimes to extreme m5tal defect4 ,9 o!rs alcoholism prevails & ! p %[ a prop5sity = de$s ( viol5ce4 ,all in=mants1 h[ev]1 practically agre$ to ! foll[+ *>act]ization3 #a4 ,because ( ! !fts & depr$ations & ! frequ5t applications = *>itable relief f su* sections !y con/itute a p>asitic gr[? :i* saps ! res\rces ( ! self-respect+1 self-su/a9+ cont+5t ( ! population4 #b4 ,!y furni% an undue proportion ( c\rt cases1 & are ?us a s]i\s exp5se to c\nty & /ate4 #c4 ,!y are a s\rce ( physical decay & moral contam9ation1 & ?us m5ace ! integrity ( ! entire social fabric4#gg ,society has long s9ce admitt$ t x is desirable to re/rict ! reproduction ( c]ta9 classes ( gross defectives1 & crim9als1 by ! me?od ( segregation4 ,! gr\nd = ?is is sometimes biological1 p]haps m (t5 legal1 z 9 ! case ( ! insane & crim9al1 :]e x is held t ! individual is legally incapacitat$ f ent]+ into a contract1 su* z t ( m>riage4 ,x w\ld be bett] to h ! biological basis ( re/riction on m>riage & reproduction recogniz$ 9 e case2 b ev5 ) ! pres5t po9t ( view ! desir$ end may be rea*$4 ,f an e?ical /&po9t1 s few p w\ld n[ cont5d t two feeble-m9d$ or epileptic p]sons h any "r to m>ry & p]petuate _! k9d1 t x is h>dly wor? :ile to argue ! po9t4 ,we believe t ! same logic w\ld p]mit two individuals to m>ry1 b d5y !m ! privilege ( hav+ *ildr54 ,! reasons = ?is may be consid]$ "u ?ree heads4 #a4 ,biological4 ,are !re cases 9 :i* p]sons may prop]ly m>ry b may prop]ly be prev5t$ by society f hav+ any (fspr+1 on ! gr\nd t su* (fspr+ w\ld be undesirable compon5ts ( ! race8 ,! "r ( m>riage is commonly1 & may well be prop]ly1 reg>d$ z an inali5able "r ( ! individual1 9 s f> z x does n conflict ) ! int]e/s ( ! race4 ,! companion%ip ( two p]sons betwe5 :om true love exi/s1 is beyond all "q ! highe/ happ9ess possible1 & "o :i* society %\ld desire & /rive to give its e memb]4 ,on t po9t !re w be no diff]5ce ( op9ion1 b :5 x is ask$ :e!r !re c be a sep>ation betwe5 ! comrade%ip aspect & ! reproduction aspect1 9 m>riage1 :e!r any int]e/ ( ! race c ju/ifiably divorce ^! two phases1 (t5 consid]$ insep>able1 prote/s are at once ar\s$4 ,9 ^! prote/s1 !re is "s ju/ice4 ,we w\ld be ! la/ ones to d5y t a m>riage has fail$ to a*ieve its goal1 has fail$ to realize = its p>ticipants ! greate/ possible happ9ess1 unless x has result$ 9 s\nd (fspr+4 ,t ^w s\nd is ! key to ! di/9ction :i* mu/ be made4 ,! int]e/s ( ! race dem& s\nd (fspr+ f e c\ple 9 a position to furni% !m--n only 9 ! int]e/s ( t c\ple1--int]e/s ! importance ( :i* x is n easy to und]e/imate--b 9 ! int]e/s ( ! future ( ! race1 ^: welf>e f> transc5ds 9 importance ! welf>e ( any "o individual1 or any pair ( individuals4 ,z surely z ! race ne$s a con/ant supply ( *ildr5 ( s\nd "*1 s surely is x h>m$ by a supply ( *ildr5 ( inh]5tly uns\nd "*1 physically or m5tally1 :o may contribute o!rs l !mselves to ! next g5]ation4 ,a recollection ( ! facts ( h]$ity1 & ( ! fact t ! (fspr+ ( any individual t5d to increase 9 geometric ratio1 w supply adequate gr\nds = hold+ ?is conviction3--t f a biological po9t ( view1 e *ild ( cong5itally inf]ior "* is a racial mis=tune4 ,! ,sp>tans & o!r peoples ( antiquity fully realiz$ ?is fact1 & act$ on x by expos+ de=m$ infants4 ,*ri/ianity prop]ly revolt$ z su* an action2 b 9 repudiat+ ! action1 x lo/ sight ( ! pr9ciple back ( ! action4 ,! pr9ciple %\ld h be5 reg>d$1 & civiliz$ races are n[ com+ back to a realization ( t fact--are1 inde$1 realiz+ its weight f> m fully ?an any o!r p has ev] done1 because ( ! gr[+ realization ( ! importance ( h]$ity4 ,no "o is likely s]i\sly to argue aga9 t de=m$ infants 7:e!r _! de=mity be physical or m5tal7 %\ld be expos$ to p]i%2 b ! argum5t t 9 ! int]e/s ( ! future ( ! race !y w\ld bett] n be born1 is "o t admits ( no refutation4 ,f a biological po9t ( view1 !n1 x is to ! int]e/ ( ! race t ! numb] ( *ildr5 :o w be ei!r defective !mselves1 or transmit anti-social defects to _! (fspr+1 %\ld be z small z possible4 #b4 ,! humanit>ian aspect ( ! case is no less /rong & is likely1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( public education1 to move a l>g] numb] ( individuals4 ,a visit to ! *ildr5's w>d ( any hospital1 an acqua9tance ) ! s5sitive "m ( a feeble-m9d$ or de=m$ *ild1 w g f> to conv9ce anyone t ! sum total ( human happ9ess1 & ! happ9ess ( ! p>5ts1 w\ld be great] _h ^! *ildr5 nev] be5 born4 ,z = ! *ildr5 !mselves1 !y w 9 _m cases gr[ up to regret t !y 7 ev] br\ght into ! _w4 ,we d n ov]look ! occasional g5ius :o may be crippl$ physically or ev5 m5tally2 we are "h deal+ ) only ! extreme defectives1 su* z ! feeble-m9d$1 insane1 & epileptic4 ,among su* p]sons1 human happ9ess w\ld be promot$ bo? n[ & 9 ! future if ! numb] ( (fspr+ 7 naught4 #c4 ,!re is ano!r argum5t :i* may legitimately be br\ght =w>d1 & :i* may appeal to "s :o are relatively ins5sitive to ! biological or ev5 ! humanit>ian aspects ( ! case4 ,?is is ! f9ancial argum5t4 ,except /ud5ts ( eug5ics1 few p]sons realize h[ /agg]+ is ! bill annually paid = ! c>e ( defectives4 ,! am\nt :i* ! /ate ( ,new ,york exp5ds ye>ly on ! ma9t5ance ( its insane w>ds1 is great] ?an x sp5ds = any o!r purpose except education2 & 9 a v few ye>s1 if its insane population cont9ues to increase at ! pres5t rate1 x w sp5d m on !m ?an x does on ! education ( its normal *ildr54 ,! co/ ( in/itutional c>e = ! socially inadequate is f> f be+ all t ^! p co/ ! /ate2 b ^? figures at lea/ are n bas$ on guesswork4 ,! annual co/#gh ( ma9ta9+ a feeble-m9d$ w>d ( ! /ate1 9 v>i\s commonweal?s1 is3 ,ill9ois #acf4ej ,indiana #adg4di ,m9nesota #adh4je ,ohio #aee4dg ,wiscons9 #aei4gg ,kansas #agj4af ,mi*igan #agi4db ,k5tucky #ahd4gg ,cali=nia #bjh4ig ,ma9e #bbb4ii ,at su* prices1 ea* /ate ma9ta9s hundr$s1 sometimes ?\s&s1 ( feeble-m9d$1 & ! numb] is gr[+ ea* ye>4 ,9 ! ne> future ! exp5ditures mu/ gr[ mu* m rapidly1 = public s5tim5t is beg9n+ to dem& t ! defectives & del9qu5ts ( ! community be prop]ly c>$ =4 ,! f9ancial burd5 is becom+ a heavy "o2 x w become a cru%+ "o unless /eps are tak5 to make ! feeble-m9d$ productive 7z describ$ 9 ! next *apt]7 & an intangible s9k+ fund at ! same "t creat$ to r$uce ! burd5 gradually by prev5t+ ! production ( ^? :o make x up4 ,! burd5 c nev] be :olly oblit]at$1 b x c be l>gely r$uc$ by a re/riction ( ! reproduction ( ^? :o are !mselves socially inadequate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,juke ,,homes ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day ,,fig4 #bh4--,! ,jukes h mo/ly be5 c\ntry-dwell]s1 a fact :i* has t5d$ to increase ! am\nt ( consangu9e\s m>riage among !m4 ,removal into a new environm5t usually does n mean any sub/antial *ange = !m1 because !y succe$ imm$iately 9 re-creat+ ! same squalid sort ( an environm5t f :i* !y came4 ,9 ! h\se bel[1 "o "p 0 occupi$ by ! family & ! o!r "p by pigs4 ,photographs f ,a4 ,h4 ,e/abrook4 ,alike !n on biological1 humanit>ian & f9ancial gr\nds1 ! nation w\ld be ! bett] = a dim9ution 9 ! production ( physically1 m5tally or morally defective *ildr54 ,& ! way to secure ?is dim9ution is to prev5t reproduction by p>5ts ^: (fspr+ w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be undesirable 9 "*4 ,grant$ t su* prev5tion is a prop] function ( society1 ! "q aga9 arises :e!r x is an e?ically correct proc$ure to all[ ^! pot5tially undesirable p>5ts to m>ry at all4 ,%\ld !y be doom$ to p]petual celibacy1 or %\ld !y be p]mitt$ to mate1 on condition t ! union be *ildless4 ,! eug5ic int]e/s ( society1 ( c\rse1 are equally safegu>d$ by ei!r alt]native4 ,all ! o!r int]e/s ( society appe> to u to be bett] safegu>d$ by m>riage ?an by celibacy4 ,add+ ! int]e/s ( ! individual1 :i* w d\btless be = m>riage1 x seems to u t !re is good reason = hold+ su* a *ildless m>riage e?ically correct1 9 ! relatively small numb] ( cases :]e x might seem desirable4 ,?\gh su* unions may be e?ically ju/ifiable1 yet !y w\ld (t5 be impracticable2 ! limits w be discuss$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,x is con/antly alleg$ t ! /ate c n int]f]e ) an individual matt] ( ?is sort3 ,x is an intol]able invasion ( p]sonal lib]ty2 x is r$uc+ humanity to ! level ( ! b>n-y>d2 x is impossible to put artificial re/ra9ts on ! relations betwe5 ! sexes1 f\nd$ z !y are on su* /rong & primal feel+s4 ,! doctr9e ( p]sonal lib]ty1 9 ?is extreme =m1 0 enunciat$ & is ma9ta9$ by p :o are ignorant ( biology & evolution2#gi p :o are ignorant ( ! _w z x is1 & deal only ) ! _w z !y ?9k x ought to be4 ,nature reveals no su* extreme law ( p]sonal lib]ty1 & ! race t tries to c>ry su* a suppos$ law to its logical conclusion w soon f9d1 9 ! supreme te/ ( competition ) o!r races1 t ! int]e/s ( ! individual are mu* less important to nature ?an ! int]e/s ( ! race4 ,p]petuation ( ! race is ! fir/ end to be s\ght4 ,s f> z accord+ a wide measure ( p]sonal lib]ty to its memb]s w compass t end1 ! p]sonal lib]ty doctr9e is a good "o2 b if x is held z a metaphysical dogma1 to d5y t ! race may take any action necess>y 9 its own int]e/1 at ! exp5se ( ! individual1 ?is dogma becomes suicidal4 ,z = r$uc+ humanity to ! level ( ! b>n-y>d1 ?is is m]ely a cat*-phrase int5d$ to ar\se prejudice & to obscure ! facts4 ,! read] may judge = himself :e!r ! eug5ic program w degrade mank9d to ! level ( ! brutes1 or :e!r x w ennoble x1 beautify x1 & increase its happ9ess4 ,! delusion :i* s _m p hold1 t x is impossible to put artificial re/ra9t on ! relations betwe5 ! sexes1 is amaz+4 ,re/ra9t is already a fait accompli4 ,e civiliz$ nation already puts re/rictions on num]\s classes ( p1 z has be5 not$--m9ors1 crim9als1 & ! insane1 = example4 ,ev5 ?\gh ?is re/riction is usually bas$ on legal1 r ?an biological gr\nds1 x is nev]!less a re/riction1 & sets a prec$5t = fur!r re/rictions1 if any prec$5t 7 ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mongolian ,,defici5cy ,,fig4 #bi4--;,a common type ( feeble-m9d$ness is accompani$ by a face call$ ,mongoloid1 because ( a c]ta9 resemblance to t ( "s ( ! ,mongolian races z w be not$ above4 ,! "m at ! left & ! fa!r 7 normal4 ,?is type seems n to be inh]it$1 b due to "s o!r influ5ce1--,godd>d sugge/s ut]9e exhau/ion f too _m frequ5t pregnancies4 ,x is1 we conclude1 bo? desirable & possible to en=ce c]ta9 re/rictions on m>riage & p>5?ood4 ,:at ^! re/rictions may be1 & to :om !y %\ld be appli$1 is next to be consid]$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,dysg5ic ,,classes ,be=e exam9+ ! me?ods by :i* society c put into effect "s measure ( negative or re/rictive eug5ics1 x may be well to decide :at classes ( ! population c prop]ly fall )9 ! scope ( su* treatm5t4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! problem is ( c\rse "o ( individuals r ?an classes1 b = ! sake ( conv5i5ce x w be treat$ z "o ( classes1 x be+ und]/ood t no individual %\ld be put "u re/riction ) eug5ic int5t m]ely because he may be suppos$ to belong to a giv5 class2 b t ea* case mu/ be inve/igat$ on its own m]its1--& inve/igat$ ) mu* m c>e ?an has hi!rto usually be5 ?\ght necess>y by _m ( ^? :o h advocat$ re/rictive eug5ic measures4 ,! fir/ class dem&+ att5tion is t ( ^? feeble-m9d$ ^: condition is due to h]$ity4 ,!re is reason to believe t at lea/ two-?irds ( ! feeble-m9d$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates owe _! condition directly to h]$ity1#hj & w transmit x to a l>ge p] c5t ( _! desc5dants1 if !y h any4 ,feeble-m9d$ p]sons f s\nd /ock1 ^: arre/$ developm5t is due to sc>let fev] or "s simil> disease ( *ildhood1 or to accid5t1 are ( c\rse n ( direct conc]n to eug5i/s4 ,! numb] ( pat5t feeble-m9d$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is probably n less ?an #cjj1jjj1 :ile ! numb] ( lat5t individuals--^? c>ry+ ! ta9t 9 _! g]m-plasm & capable ( transmitt+ x to _! desc5dants1 al?\gh ! individuals !mselves may %[ good m5tal developm5t--is necess>ily mu* great]4 ,! defect is highly h]$it>y 9 nature3 :5 two innately feeble-m9d$ p]sons m>ry1 all _! (fspr+1 almo/ )\t exception1 are feeble-m9d$4 ,! feeble-m9d$ are nev] ( mu* value to society--!y nev] pres5t su* in/ances z are f\nd among ! insane1 ( p]sons ) "s m5tal lack ( balance1 :o are yet g5iuses4 ,if re/rictive eug5ics dealt ) no o!r class ?an ! h]$it>ily feeble-m9d$1 & dealt ) t class effectively1 x w\ld ri*ly ju/ify its exi/5ce4 ,b !re are o!r classes on :i* x c act ) safety z well z pr(it1 & "o ( ^! is made up by ! g]m9ally insane4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #aiaj1 !re are #ahg1gia insane 9 in/itutions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 !re are also a c]ta9 numb] outside ( in/itutions1 z to :om in=mation c n easily be obta9$4 ,! numb] 9 ! hospitals repres5t$ a ratio ( #bjd4c p] #ajj1jjj ( ! g5]al population4 ,9 #ahhj1 :5 ! enum]ation ( insane 0 p>ticul>ly complete1 a total ( #ia1iei 0 report$--a ratio ( #ahh4c p] #ajj1jjj ( ! total population at t "t4 ,?is app>5t increase ( insanity has be5 subject$ to mu* analysis1 & x is admitt$ t "p ( x c be expla9$ away4 ,p are liv+ long] n[ ?an =m]ly1 & z insanity is prim>ily a disease ( old age1 ! numb] ( insane is ?us increas$4 ,bett] means ( diagnosis are und\bt$ly responsible = "s ( ! app>5t increase4 ,b :5 e conceivable all[ance is made1 !re yet rema9s gr\nd = belief t ! proportion ( insane p]sons 9 ! population is increas+ ea* ye>4 ,?is is p>tly due to immigration1 z is indicat$ by ! imm5se & con/antly increas+ insane population ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 :]e mo/ immigrants l&4 ,9 "s cases1 p :o actually %[ "s =m ( insanity may slip pa/ ! exam9]s2 9 ! bulk ( cases1 probably1 an individual is adapt$ to lead+ a normal life 9 8 native environm5t1 b transf] to ! m /r5u\s environm5t ( an ,am]ican city proves to be too mu* = 8 n]v\s organization4 ,! g5]al fl[ ( population f ! c\ntry to l>ge cities has a simil> effect 9 increas+ ! numb] ( insane4 ,b :5 all is said1 ! fact rema9s t !re are sev]al hundr$ ?\s& insane p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _m ( :om are n prev5t$ f reproduc+ _! k9d1 & t by ?is failure to re/ra9 !m society is putt+ a heavy burd5 ( exp5se1 unhapp9ess & a fe>ful dysg5ic drag on com+ g5]ations4 ,! ^w insanity1 z is frequ5tly object$1 means little or no?+ f a biological po9t ( view--x is a sort ( cat*-all to describe _m diff]5t k9ds ( n]v\s di/urbance4 ,no "o c prop]ly be made ! subject ( re/rictive measures = eug5ic reasons1 m]ely because he is said to be insane4 ,x w\ld be :olly immoral s to treat1 = example1 a man or woman :o 0 suff]+ f ! =m ( insanity :i* sometimes foll[s typhoid fev]4 ,b !re are c]ta9 =ms ( m5tal disease1 g5]ally lump$ "u ! t]m insanity1 :i* indicate a h]$it>ily disord]$ n]v\s organization1 & individuals suff]+ f "o ( ^! diseases %\ld c]ta9ly n be giv5 any *ance to p]petuate _! insanity to po/]ity4 ,two types ( insanity are n[ recogniz$ z especially transmissible3--dem5tia precox1 a sort ( precoci\s old age1 9 :i* ! pati5t 7g5]ally "y7 s9ks into a le?>gy f :i* he r>ely recov]s2 & manic-depressive insanity1 an ov]-excitable condition1 9 :i* !re are occasional v erratic motor dis*>ges1 alt]nat+ ) p]iods ( depression4 ,con/itutional psy*opa?ic inf]iority1 :i* means a lack ( emotional adaptability1 usually %[s 9 ! family hi/ory4 ,! common type ( insanity :i* is *>act]iz$ by mild halluc9ations is ( less conc]n f a eug5ic po9t ( view4 ,9 g5]al1 ! insane are m adequately re/rict$ ?an any o!r dysg5ic class 9 ! community2 n because ! community recognizes ! disadvantage ( lett+ !m reproduce _! k9d1 b because !re is a g5]al fe> ( !m1 :i* leads to _! /rict segregation2 & because an insane p]son is n consid]$ legally compet5t to ent] into a m>riage contract4 ,9 g5]al1 ! pres5t isolation ( ! sexes at in/itutions = ! insane is satisfactory2 ! pr9cipal problem :i* insanity pres5ts lies 9 ! fact t an individual is frequ5tly committ$ to a hospital or asylum1 kept !re a few ye>s until app>5tly cur$1 & !n dis*>g$2 :]eupon he returns to 8 family to beget (fspr+ t are fairly likely to become insane at "s p]iod 9 _! lives4 ,e case ( insanity %\ld be accompani$ by an inve/igation ( ! pati5t's ance/ry1 & if !re is unmi/akable evid5ce ( s]i\s neuropa?ic ta9t1 su* /eps z are necess>y %\ld be tak5 to prev5t t individual f becom+ a p>5t at any "t4 ,! h]$it>y nature ( mo/ types ( epilepsy is g5]ally held to be e/abli%$1#ha & re/rictive measures %\ld be us$ to prev5t ! increase ( ! numb] ( epileptics 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t ! numb] ( epileptics 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 :]e ! mo/ c>eful inve/igation ( ! problem has be5 made1 w d\ble e #cj ye>s "u pres5t conditions4 ,9 deal+ ) bo? insanity & epilepsy1 ! eug5i/ faces ! difficulty t occasionally p ( ! v k9d ^: production he mo/ wi%es to see enc\rag$--real g5iuses--may c>ry ! ta9t4 ,! exagg]at$ claims ( ! ,italian an?ropologi/ ,c4 ,lombroso & 8 s*ool1 9 reg>d to ! close relation betwe5 g5ius & insanity1 h be5 l>gely disprov$2 yet !re rema9s little d\bt t ! two sometimes d g toge!r2 & su* suppos$ epileptics z ,mohamm$1 ,julius ,cs>1 & ,napoleon w at once be call$ to m9d4 ,to apply sweep+ re/rictive measures w\ld prev5t ! production ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( tal5t ( a v high ord]4 ,! situation c only be met by deal+ ) e case on its individual m]its1 & recogniz+ t x is to ! int]e/s ( society to all[ "s v sup]ior individuals to reproduce1 ev5 ?\gh "p ( _! po/]ity may be m5tally or physically some:at uns\nd4 ,a field survey 9 two typical c\nties ( ,indiana 7#aiaf7 %[$ t !re 7 #a4h recognizable epileptics p] ?\s& population4 ,if ^! figures %\ld approximately hold good = ! entire ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! numb] ( epileptics c h>dly be put at less ?an #aej1jjj4 ,"s ( !m are n anti-social1 b _m ( !m are4 ,feeble-m9d$ness & insanity 7 also includ$ 9 ! c5sus m5tion$1 & ! total numb] ( ! ?ree k9ds ( defectives 0 f\nd to be #ai p] ?\s& 9 "o c\nty & #aa4d p] ?\s& 9 ! o!r4 ,?is w\ld sugge/ a total = ! entire ,unit$ ,/ates ( some?+ l "o million4 ,9 addition to ^! well-recogniz$ classes ( hopelessly defective1 !re is a class ( defectives embrac+ v div]se *>act]i/ics1 :i* dem&s c>eful consid]ation4 ,9 x are ^? :o are g]m9ally physical weakl+s or de=m$1 ^? born ) a h]$it>y dia!sis or pr$isposition t[>d "s s]i\s disease 7e4g41 ,hunt+ton's ,*orea71 & ^? ) "s gross defect ( ! organs ( special s5se4 ,! g]m9ally bl9d & deaf w p>ticul>ly occur to m9d 9 ! latt] connection4 ,cases fall+ 9 ?is category dem& c>eful scrut9y by biological & psy*ological exp]ts1 be=e any action c be tak5 9 ! int]e/ ( eug5ics2 9 _m cases ! affect$ individual himself w be glad to cop]ate ) society by rema9+ celibate or by ! practice ( bir? control1 to ! end ( leav+ no (fspr+ to be> :at he has borne4 ,f9ally1 we come to ! great class ( del9qu5ts :o h hi!rto be5 made ! p>ticul> object ( solicitude1 on ! "p ( ^? :o h look$ ) favor ^u /]ilization legislation4 ,! *ronic inebriate1 ! confirm$ crim9al1 ! pro/itute1 ! paup]1 all des]ve c>eful /udy by ! eug5i/4 ,9 _m cases !y w be f\nd to be feeble-m9d$1 & prop] re/riction ( ! feeble-m9d$ w meet _! cases4 ,?us !re is reason to believe t f a ?ird to two-?irds ( ! pro/itutes 9 ,am]ican cities are feeble-m9d$4#hb ,!y %\ld be committ$ to in/itutions = ! feeble-m9d$ & kept !re4 ,x is c]ta9 t _m ( ! paup] class1 :i* fills up alm%\ses1 are simil>ly defici5t4 ,inde$1 ! c5sus ( #aiaj discov]$ t ( ! #hd1aih paup]s 9 in/itutions on ! fir/ ( ,janu>y 9 t ye>1 #ac1bch 7 feeble-m9d$1 #c1eah insane1 #b1bjb epileptic1 #iah deaf-mute1 #c1cge bl9d1 #ac1gec crippl$1 maim$ or de=m$4 ,a total ( #fc4g ( ! :ole _h "s s]i\s physical or m5tal defect4 ,obvi\sly1 mo/ ( ^! w\ld be tak5 c>e ( "u "s o!r head+1 9 ! program ( re/rictive eug5ics4 ,:ile paup]s %\ld be prohibit$ f reproduction z long z !y are 9 /ate cu/ody1 c>eful discrim9ation is necess>y 9 ! treatm5t ( ^? ^: condition is due m to environm5t ?an h]$ity4 ,9 a consid]ation ( ! *ronic inebriate1 ! problem ( environm5tal influ5ces is aga9 met 9 an acute =m1 aggravat$ by ! v5om ( controv]sy eng5d]$ by bigotry & self-int]e/4 ,t _m *ronic inebriates owe _! condition almo/ :olly to h]$ity1 & are likely to leave (fspr+ ( ! same "*1 is indisputable4 ,z to ! possibility ( re=m+ su* an individual1 !re may be room = a diff]5ce ( op9ion2 z to ! possibility ( re=m+ 8 g]m-plasm1 !re c be none4 ,society owes !m ! be/ possible c>e1 & "p ( its c>e %\ld c]ta9ly be to see t !y d n reproduce _! k9d4 ,z to ! bord]l& cases--& 9 ! matt] ( inebriety bord]l& is p]haps bigg] ?an ma9l&--x is d\btful :e!r mu* direct action c be tak5 9 ! pres5t /ate ( sci5tific k & ( public s5tim5t4 ,education ( public op9ion to avoid m>riage ) drunk>ds w probably be ! mo/ effective means ( proc$ure4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! crim9al class1 ov] :i* ! respective *ampions ( h]$ity & environm5t h s (t5 wag$ p>tisan w>f>e4 ,!re is probably no field 9 :i* re/rictive eug5ics w\ld ?9k ( int]f]+1 :]e x enc\nt]s s mu* dang] z "h--dang] ( wrong+ bo? ! individual & society4 ,laws su* z h be5 pass$ 9 sev]al /ates1 provid+ = ! /]ilization ( crim9als z su*1 mu/ be deplor$ by ! eug5i/ z mu* z !y are by ! pseudo-sociologi/ :o does n believe 9 h]$ity2 b ?is is n say+ t !re are n _m cases 9 :i* eug5ic action is desirable2 = inh]itance ( a lack ( emotional control makes a man 9 "o s5se a born crim9al4#hc ,he is n1 9 mo/ respects1 ! creature :i* he 0 made out to be by ,lombroso & 8 foll[]s2 b he exi/s1 nev]!less1 & no ameliorative treatm5t giv5 him w be ( su* value to society z prev5t+ 8 reproduction4 ,! feeble-m9d$ :o make up a l>ge proportion ( ! petty crim9als t fill ! jails1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 be exclud$ f ?is discussion except to note t _! conviction assi/s 9 discov]+ _! defect4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ z feeble-m9d$1 n z crim9als4#hd ,^? :o may h be5 made crim9als by society1 by _! environm5t1 mu/ also be except$4 ,9 an inve/igation1 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt %\ld be giv5 to ! individual4 ,b :5 e possible concession is made to ! influ5ce ( environm5t1 ! psy*iatric /udy ( ! individual & ! inve/igation ( 8 family hi/ory /ill %[ t !re are crim9als :o cong5itally lack ! inhibitions & in/9cts :i* make x possible = o!rs to be useful memb]s ( society4#he ,:5 a crim9al ( ?is natural type is f\nd1 ! duty ( society is unque/ionably to protect itself by cutt+ (f t l9e ( desc5t4 ,?is1 we believe1 cov]s all ! classes :i* are at ?is "t prop] subjects = direct re/rictive action ) eug5ic int5t2 & we repeat t ! problem is n to deal ) classes z a :ole1 b to deal ) individuals ( ! k9d describ$1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 9 ! above categories4 ,artificial class names mean no?+ to evolution4 ,x w\ld be a crime to cut (f ! po/]ity ( a desirable memb] ( society m]ely because he happ5$ to h be5 popul>ly /igmatiz$ by "s class "n t c>ri$ opprobrium ) x4 ,simil>ly x w\ld be immoral to enc\rage or p]mit ! reproduction ( a manife/ly defective memb] ( society ( ! k9ds indicat$1 ev5 ?\gh t individual might 9 "s way h secur$ ! protection ( a class "n t 0 g5]ally consid]$ desirable4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 we believe no "o c object to a proposal to prev5t ! reproduction ( ^? feeble-m9d$1 insane1 epileptic1 grossly defective or hopelessly del9qu5t p1 ^: condition c be prov$ to be due to h]$ity & is !re=e probably transmissible to _! (fspr+4 ,we c imag9e only "o objection t might be oppos$ to all ! advantages ( su* a program--namely1 t no prop] means c be f\nd = putt+ x into effect4 ,?is objection is occasionally urg$1 b we believe x to be :olly )\t weight4 ,we n[ propose to exam9e ! v>i\s possible me?ods ( re/rictive eug5ics1 & to inquire :i* ( !m society c mo/ pr(itably adopt4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,me?ods ,,( ,,re/riction ,! means ( re/riction c be divid$ into co]cive & non-co]cive4 ,we %all discuss ! =m] fir/1 int]pret+ ! ^w co]cive v broadly4 ,f an hi/orical po9t ( view1 ! fir/ me?od :i* pres5ts itself is execution4 ,?is has be5 us$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! race1 v probably1 al?\gh r>ely ) a di/9ct und]/&+ ( its eug5ic effect2 & its value 9 keep+ up ! /&>d ( ! race %\ld n be und]e/imat$4 ,x is a me?od ! use ( :i* prev5ts ! rectification ( mi/akes4 ,!re are argum5ts aga9/ x on o!r gr\nds1 :i* ne$ n be discuss$ "h1 s9ce x suffices to say t to put to dea? defectives or del9qu5ts is :olly out ( accord ) ! _s ( ! times1 & is n s]i\sly consid]$ by ! eug5ics movem5t4 ,! next possible me?od ca/ration4 ,?is has practically no?+ to recomm5d x1 except t x is effective--an argum5t t c also be made = ! le?al *amb]4 ,! objections aga9/ x are ov]:elm+4 ,x has h>dly be5 advocat$1 ev5 by extremi/s1 save = ^? ^: sexual in/9cts are extremely disord]$2 b su* advocacy is bas$ on ignorance ( ! results4 ,z a fact1 ca/ration frequ5tly does n dim9i% ! sexual impulses4 ,its use %\ld be limit$ to cases :]e desirable = !rapeutic reasons z well4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 to r5d] ei!r a man or woman /]ile by a mu* less s]i\s op]ation ?an ca/ration4 ,?is op]ation1 :i* has ga9$ wide att5tion 9 rec5t ye>s "u ! "n ( /]ilization1 usually takes ! =m ( vasectomy 9 man & salp+ectomy 9 woman2 x is desirable t ! read] %\ld h a cle> und]/&+ ( its nature4 ,vasectomy is a trivial op]ation p]=m$ 9 a few m9utes1 almo/ pa9lessly ) ! use ( coca9 z a local an/hetic2 x is sometimes p]=m$ ) no an/hetic :atev]4 ,! pati5t's sexual life is n affect$ 9 any way1 save 9 ! "o respect t he is /]ile4 ,salp+ectomy is m s]i\s1 because ! op]ation c n be p]=m$ s ne> ! surface ( ! body4 ,! sexual life ( ! subject is 9 no way *ang$1 save t %e is r5d]$ b>r52 b ! op]ation is att5d$ by illness & exp5se4 ,! g5]al advantage claim$ = /]ilization1 z a me?od ( prev5t+ ! reproduction ( p]sons ^: (fspr+ w\ld probably be a detrim5t to race progress1 is ! accompli%m5t ( ! end 9 view )\t mu* exp5se to ! /ate1 & )\t int]f]+ ) ! lib]ty & pursuit ( happ9ess ( ! individual4 ,! g5]al objection to x is t by remov+ all fe> ( consequ5ces f an individual1 x is likely to lead to ! spread ( sexual immorality & v5]eal disease4 ,?is objection is entitl$ to "s consid]ation2 b !re exi/s a /ill m fundam5tal objection aga9/ /]ilization z a program--namely1 t x is sometimes n fair to ! individual4 ,its eug5ic effects may be all t are desir$2 b 9 "s cases its eu!nic effects mu/ frequ5tly be deplorable4 ,mo/ ( ! p]sons :om x is propos$ to /]ilize are utt]ly unfit to hold _! own 9 ! _w1 9 competition ) normal p4 ,= society to /]ilize ! feeble-m9d$1 ! insane1 ! alcoholic1 ! born crim9als1 ! epileptic1 & !n turn !m out to %ift = !mselves1 say+1 ,we h no fur!r conc]n ) y1 n[ t we "k y w leave no *ildr5 beh9d y1 is unwise4 ,p ( ?is sort %\ld be humanely isolat$1 s t !y w be br\ght into competition only ) _! own k9d2 & !y %\ld be kept s segregat$1 n only until !y h pass$ ! reproductive age1 b until dea? br+s !m relief f _! mis=tunes4 ,su* a c\rse is1 9 mo/ cases1 ! only "o wor?y ( a ,*ri/ian nation2 & x is obvi\s t if su* a c\rse is foll[$1 ! sexes c be effectively sep>at$ )\t difficulty1 & any /]ilization op]ation w be unnecess>y4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! only objection urg$ aga9/ segregation is t ( exp5se4 ,9 reply1 x may be said t ! exp5se w decrease /eadily1 :5 segregation is view$ z a long-"t inve/m5t1 because ! numb] ( future w>ds ( ! /ate ( any p>ticul> type w be decreas+ e ye>4 ,moreov]1 a l>ge "p ( ! exp5se c be met by prop]ly organiz+ ! labor ( ! inmates4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( ! feeble-m9d$1 :o w make up ! l>ge/ "p ( ! burd5 because ( _! numb]s & ! fact t mo/ ( !m are n n[ "u /ate c>e4 ,z = ! insane1 epileptic1 incorrigibly crim9al1 & ! o!r defectives & del9qu5ts embrac$ 9 ! program1 ! /ate is already tak+ c>e ( a l>ge proportion ( !m1 & ! additional exp5se ( mak+ ?is c>e life-long1 & ext5d+ x to ^? n yet "u /ate control1 b equally des]v+ ( x1 c\ld probably be met by bett] organization ( ! labor ( ! p]sons involv$1 mo/ ( :om are able to d "s sort ( "w t w at lea/ cov] ! co/ ( _! ma9t5ance4 ,t ! problem is less s]i\s ?an has (t5 be5 suppos$1 may be illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ /atem5t f ,h4 ,ha/+s ,h>t ( ! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation3 ,( ! #aj1jjj 7e/imat$7 m5tally defective wom5 ( *ild-be>+ age 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 only ab\t #a1gej are c>$ = 9 in/itutions designat$ = ! c>e ( ! feeble-m9d$1 & ab\t #d1jjj are conf9$ 9 insane asylums1 re=matories & prisons1 :ile at lea/ #d1jjj 7probably _m m7 are at l>ge 9 ! community4 ,) ref]5ce to ! #d1jjj feeble-m9d$ :o are conf9$ 9 hospitals = insane1 prisons & re=matories & alm%\ses1 ! /ate w\ld actually be ! f9ancial ga9] by provid+ = !m 9 cu/odial in/itutions4 ,at ! ,rome ,cu/odial ,asylum #a1bcj inmates are humanely c>$ = at #b4ci p] week4 ,! same class ( inmates is be+ c>$ = 9 ! boys' re=matories at #d4ff2 9 ! hospitals = insane at #c4ij2 9 ! girls' re=matory at #e4dg1 & 9 ! alm%\se at ab\t #a4be4 ,if all ( ^! p]sons 7 transf]r$ to an in/itution conduct$ on ! scale ( ! ,rome ,cu/odial ,asylum1 !y w\ld n only relieve ^! o!r in/itutions ( inmates :o d n belong !re & :o are a great cause ( c>e & anxiety1 b !y w\ld make room = new pati5ts ( ! prop] class1 obviat+ ! necessity = enl>gem5t4 ,! money ?us sav$ w\ld build ample in/itutions = ! c>e ( ^! p at a mu* less p] capita co/ ?an t ( ! prisons1 re=matories & asylums :]e !y are n[ kept1 & ! annual p] capita co/ ( ma9t5ance w\ld be r$uc$ f #bj to #ej p] c5t41 except 9 alm%\ses1 :]e ! co/ w\ld be increas$ ab\t #a p] week1 b ! alm%\se inmates compose only a small fraction ( ! :ole numb]4 ,i desire to emphasize ! fact t "o-half ( ! feeble-m9d$ ( ?is /ate are already "u public c>e1 b t two-?irds ( !m are c>$ = 9 ! wrong k9d ( in/itutions4 ,?is difficulty c be rem$i$ )\t increas+ ! public burd51 9 ! mann] already sugge/$4 ,t leaves #ae1jjj feeble-m9d$ = :om no provision has yet be5 made4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! #ae1jjj p]sons are be+ c>$ = 9 "s way4 ,we d n all[ !m to />ve to dea?1 b !y are f$1 clo!d & h\s$1 usually by ! self-d5y+ labor ( _! relatives4 ,?\s&s ( poor mo!rs are giv+ up _! lives l>gely to ! c>e ( a feeble-m9d$ *ild1 b ^! mo!rs are unable to s protect !m f becom+ a m5ace to ! community1 &1 9 ! long run1 x w\ld be f> m economical = ! community to segregate !m 9 in/itutions ?an to all[ !m to rema9 9 _! homes1 only to become ultimately paup]s1 crim9als1 pro/itutes or p>5ts ( *ildr5 l !mselves4 ,"s sort ( provision is n[ made = "s ( ! feeble-m9d$ 9 e /ate except+ elev51 viz43 ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 ,nevada1 ,new ,mexico1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee & ,utah & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,delaw>e s5ds a few cases to ,p5nsylvania in/itutions2 o!r /ates sometimes c>e = especially difficult cases 9 hospitals = ! insane4 ,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia %\ld be add$ to ! li/1 z hav+ no in/itution = ! c>e ( its #hjj or m feeble-m9d$4 ,alaska is likewise )\t su* an in/itution4 ,( ! sev]al hundr$ ?\s& feeble-m9d$ p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 probably n m ?an a t5? are gett+ ! in/itutional c>e :i* is ne$$ 9 mo/ cases = _! own happ9ess1 & 9 ne>ly e case = ! protection ( society4 ,x is evid5t t a great deal ( new ma*9]y mu/ be creat$1 or old in/itutions ext5d$1 to meet ?is press+ problem--#hf a problem to :i*1 =tunately1 ! public is %[+ signs ( awak5+4 ,9 our op9ion1 ! mo/ promis+ attempt to solve ! problem has be5 made by ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool ( ,v9el&1 ,new ,j]sey1 ?r\gh its ,colony ,plan4 ,sup]9t5d5t ,e4 ,r4 ,john/one ( ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool describes ! possibilities ( action along ?is l9e1 z foll[s3#hg ,!re are idiots1 imbeciles1 morons & backw>d *ildr54 ,! morons & ! backw>d *ildr5 are f\nd 9 ! public s*ools 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,godd>d's /udies %[$ twelve p] c5t4 ( an entire s*ool di/rict bel[ ! high s*ool to be two or ?ree ye>s beh9d _! grades1 & ?ree p] c5t4 f\r or m ye>s beh9d4 ,x is difficult = ! exp]t to draw ! l9e betwe5 ^! two classes1 & p>5ts & tea*]s are lo? to admit t ! morons are defective4 ,?is problem c be/ be solv$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( special classes 9 ! public s*ools = all :o lag m ?an "o ye> beh9d4 ,if = no o!r reason1 ! normal *ildr5 %\ld be reliev$ ( ! drag ( ^! backw>d pupils4 ,! special classes w become ! cle>+ h\ses4 ,! tra9+ %\ld be l>gely manual & indu/rial & z practical z possible4 ,z ! numb] ( classes 9 any s*ool di/rict increases1 ! classification w sift out ^? :o are m]ely backw>d & a little coa*+ & special att5tion w return !m to ! grades4 ,! o!rs--! morons--w rema9 & z long z !y are n dang]\s to society 7sexually or o!rwise7 !y may live at home & att5d ! special classes4 ,z !y gr[ old] !y w be transf]r$ to prop] cu/odial in/itutions4 ,9 ! city di/ricts1 :]e !re are _m classes1 ?is w occur betwe5 twelve & sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! c\ntry di/ricts x w occur e>li]4 ,^! in/itutions w be ! tra9+ s*ools & w =m ! c5t] = ! tra9+ & c>e ( ! o!r two gr\ps1 i4 e41 ! imbeciles & idiots4 ,bran*+ out f ! tra9+ s*ools %\ld be colonies 7unless ! p>5t in/itution is on a v l>ge tract ( gr\nd1 :i* is mo/ advisable74 ,^! colonies1 or gr\ps ( comp>atively small build+s1 %\ld be ( two classes4 ,= ! imbeciles1 simple build+s co/+ f two to f\r hundr$ doll>s p] inmate4 ,! units might well be "o hundr$4 ,a unit provid+ f\r dormitories1 ba? h\se1 d9+-halls1 employees' build+s1 pump h\se1 wat] tank1 sewage disposal1 laundry1 /ables & f>m build+s c be built )9 ! above figures provid+ ! build+s are ( simple con/ruction & "o /ory4 ,?is has be5 done at ,v9el& by hav+ ! l>g] imbecile & moron boys make ! cem5t blocks ( :i* ! build+s are con/ruct$4 ,= ! idiots ! con/ruction c be mu* ! same4 ,l>g] por*es fac+ ! s\? & m toilet fixtures w be necess>y1 & s add a little to ! co/4 ,! colony %\ld be locat$ on r\gh uncle>$ l&--pref]able =e/ry l&4 ,"h ^! unskill$ fell[s f9d happy & useful occupation1 wa/e humanity tak+ wa/e l& & ?us n only contribut+ t[>d _! own support1 b also mak+ ov] l& t w\ld o!rwise be useless4 ,"o reason = build+ inexp5sive build+s is t hav+ cle>$ a l>ge tract--say #a1jjj acres--! work]s c be mov$ to ano!r wa/e tract & by bru%+1 cle>+ ( rocks1 dra9+ & :at n1 increase its value suffici5tly to keep on mov+ indef9itely4 ,_m ( ^! boy-m5 make excell5t f>m]s1 dairym51 sw9eh]ds & p\ltry rais]s "u prop] direction1 & 9 ! w9t] !y c "w 9 ! tailor1 pa9t1 c>p5t]1 mattress & mat %ops4 ,nor ne$ ?is be conf9$ to ! males alone4 ,! girl-wom5 raise p\ltry1 small fruits & vegetables v successfully4 ,!y pickle & c ! products ( ! l&1 & 9 w9t] d knitt+1 nett+ & sew+ ( all k9ds4 ,no manufactur] ( to-day has let ! product ( 8 plant g to wa/e z society has wa/$ ! en]gies ( ?is by-product ( humanity4 ,& ! feeble-m9d$ are happy :5 !y h occupation suit$ to _! ne$s4 ,if "o w b see !m :5 !y are set at occupations )9 _! compreh5sion & ability1 he w quickly und]/& ! joy !y get out ( cong5ial "w4 ,colonies su* z ,mr4 ,john/one describes w take c>e ( ! able-bodi$ feeble-m9d$2 o!r in/itutions w provide = ! v "y & ! ag$2 f9ally1 !re w always be _m ( ^! defectives :o c be/ be segregat$ 9 _! own homes2 ^: relatives h means & incl9ation to c>e = !m1 & suffici5t feel+ ( responsibility to see t ! int]e/s ( society are protect$4 ,if !re is any d\bt on ?is la/ po9t1 ! /ate %\ld itself assume *>ge1 or %\ld /]ilize ! defective individuals2 b x is n likely t /]ilization w ne$ to be us$ to any l>ge ext5t 9 ! solution ( ?is problem4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t feeble-m9d$ness is ! greate/ s+le dysg5ic problem fac+ ! c\ntry1 t x c be effectively solv$ by segregation1 & t x pres5ts no great difficulty save ! initial "o ( ar\s+ ! public to its importance4 ,simil>ly ! h]$it>ily insane & epileptic c be/ be c>$ = ?r\gh life-long segregation--a c\rse :i* society is likely to adopt readily1 because ( a g5]al dread ( hav+ insane & epileptic p]sons at lib]ty 9 ! community4 ,!re are und\bt$ly cases :]e ! relatives ( ! affect$ individual c & %\ld assume responsibility = 8 c>e4 ,no insane or epileptic p]son ^: condition is probably ( a h]$it>y "* %\ld be all[$ to leave an in/itution unless x is absolutely c]ta9 t he or %e w n become a p>5t3 if /]ilization is ! only means to assure ?is1 !n x %\ld be us$4 ,9 _m cases x has be5 f\nd t ! individual & 8 relatives welcome su* a /ep4 ,! habitual crim9als1 ! *ronic alcoholics1 & ! o!r defectives :om we h m5tion$ z be+ undesirable p>5ts1 w 9 mo/ cases ne$ to be giv5 in/itutional c>e ?r\gh\t life1 9 _! own int]e/ z well z t ( society4 ,?is is already be+ done ) _m ( !m1 & ! ext5sion ( ! treatm5t involves no new pr9ciple nor special difficulty4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t1 f a eug5ic po9t ( view1 ! ess5tial elem5t 9 segregation is n s mu* isolation f society1 b sep>ation ( ! two sexes4 ,prop]ly op]at$1 segregation increases ! happ9ess ( ! individuals segregat$1 z well z work+ to ! advantage ( ! body politic4 ,9 mo/ cases ! only objection to x is ! exp5se1 & ?is1 z we h %[n1 ne$ n be an insup]able difficulty4 ,= ^! reasons1 we believe t segregation is ! be/ way 9 :i* to re/rict ! reproduction ( ^? ^: (fspr+ c\ld h>dly fail to be undesirable1 & t /]ilization %\ld be look$ ^u only z an adjunct1 to be us$ 9 special cases :]e x may seem advantage\s to all[ an individual full lib]ty1 or p>tial lib]ty1 & yet :]e he or %e c n be tru/$ to avoid reproduction4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is po9t 9 ! discussion ( re/rictive eug5ics1 x may be pr(itable to consid] ! s-call$ eug5ic laws :i* h be5 be=e ! public 9 _m /ates dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,!y are "o ( ! fir/ manife/ations ( an awak5+ public consci5ce on ! subject ( eug5ics2 !y %[ t ! public1 or "p ( x1 feels ! necessity ( action2 !y equally %[ t ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld guide re/rictive eug5ics are n prop]ly und]/ood by mo/ ( ^? :o h int]e/$ !mselves 9 ! legislative side ( ! program4 ,twelve /ates n[ h laws on _! /atute books 7b usually n 9 =ce7 provid+ = ! /]ilization ( c]ta9 classes ( individuals4 ,simil> laws h be5 pass$ 9 a numb] ( o!r /ates1 b 7 veto$ by ! gov]nors2 :ile 9 _m o!rs bills h be5 introduc$ b n pass$4 ,we %all review only ! bills :i* are actually on ! /atute books 9 #aiaf1 & %all n attempt to detail all ! provisions ( !m1 b %all consid] only ! means by :i* !y propose to atta9 a eug5ic end4 ,! /ate ( ,indiana all[s ! /]ilization ( all inmates ( /ate in/itutions1 deem$ by a commission ( ?ree surgeons to be unimprovable physically or m5tally1 & unfit = procreation4 ,! object is purely eug5ic4 ,aft] a few hundr$ op]ations _h be5 p]=m$ 9 ,jeff]sonville re=matory1 ! law ar\s$ ! ho/ility ( ,gov]nor ,?omas ,r4 ,m>%all1 :o succe$$ 9 prev5t+ its en=cem5t2 s9ce #aiac we believe x has n be5 9 effect4 ,x is defectively drawn 9 "s ways1 p>ticul>ly because x includes ^? :o w be kept 9 cu/ody = life1 & :o are !re=e n prop] objects ( /]ilization4 ,! ,wa%+ton law applies to habitual crim9als & sex (f5d]s2 x is a punitive measure :i* may be ord]$ by ! c\rt pass+ s5t5ce on ! (f5d]1 b has nev] be5 put 9 =ce4 ,/]ilization is n a suitable me?od ( puni%m5t1 & its value z a eug5ic in/rum5t is jeop>diz$ by ! int]jection ( ! punitive motive4 ,cali=nia appli$ h] law to all inmates 7n volunt>y7 ( /ate hospitals = ! insane & ! /ate home = ! feeble-m9d$1 & all recidivi/s 9 ! /ate prisons4 ,! motive is p>tly eug5ic1 p>tly !rapeutic1 p>tly punitive4 ,x is report$#hh t #fce op]ations h be5 p]=m$ "u ?is law1 :i* is adm9i/]$ by ! /ate commission = ! insane1 ! resid5t physician ( any /ate prison1 & ! m$ical sup]9t5d5t ( any /ate in/itution = fools & idiots4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,cali=nia _h ! di/9ction ( be+ ! only /ate :]e /]ilization 0 actually be+ p]=m$ 9 accordance ) ! law4 ,! ,cali=nia measure applies to ^? s]v+ life s5t5ces--an unnecess>y application4 ,al?\gh fall+ %ort ( an ideal measure 9 "s o!r p>ticul>s1 x seems on ! :ole to be satisfactorily adm9i/]$4 ,connecticut's law provides t all inmates ( /ate prisons & ( ! /ate hospitals at ,middlet[n & ,norwi* may be /]iliz$ if su* action is recomm5d$ by a bo>d ( ?ree surgeons1 on eug5ic or !rapeutic gr\nds4 ,x has be5 appli$ to a few insane p]sons 7#ba1 up to ,septemb]1 #aiaf74 ,nevada has a purely punitive /]ilization law apply+ to habitual crim9als & sex (f5d]s4 ,! c\rts1 :i* are au?oriz$ to apply x1 h nev] done s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,feeble-,,m9d$ ,,m5 ,,are ,,capable ,,( ,,mu* ,,r\gh ,,labor ,,fig4 #cj4--,mo/ ( ! co/ ( segregat+ ! m5tally defective c be met by prop]ly organiz+ _! labor1 s z to make !m z ne>ly self-support+ z possible4 ,x has be5 f\nd t !y p]=m excell5tly su* "w z cle>+ =e/ l&1 or re=e/+ cle>$ l&1 & great gangs ( !m might pr(itably be put at su* "w1 9 mo/ /ates4 ,photograph f ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 ,v9el&1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,,feeble-,,m9d$ ,,at ,a ,,v9el& ,,colony ,,fig4 #ca4--,!y h ! bodies ( adults b ! m9ds ( *ildr54 ,x is n to ! int]e/ ( ! /ate t !y %\ld be all[$ to m+le ) ! normal population2 & x is q z little to _! own int]e/1 = !y are n capable ( compet+ successfully ) p :o are normal m5tally4 ,i[a's compreh5sive /atute applies to inmates ( public in/itutions = crim9als1 rapi/s1 idiots1 feeble-m9d$1 imbeciles1 lunatics1 drug fi5ds1 epileptics1 syphilitics1 moral & sexual p]v]ts & diseas$ & deg5]ate p]sons4 ,x is compulsory 9 case ( p]sons twice convict$ ( felony or ( a sexual (f5se o!r ?an :ite slav]y1 9 :i* (f5se "o conviction makes /]ilization m&atory4 ,! /ate p>ole bo>d1 ) ! manag+ (fic] & physician ( ea* in/itution1 con/itute ! executive au?orities4 ,! act has _m objectionable features1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( :i* is ! inclusion ( syphilitics "u ! head ( p]sons :om x is propos$ to /]ilize4 ,z syphilis is a curable disease1 !re is sc>cely m reason = /]iliz+ ^? afflict$ ) x ?an !re is = /]iliz+ p]sons ) measles4 ,x is true t ! /]ilization ( a l>ge numb] ( syphilitics might h a eug5ic effect1 if ! cur$ syphilitics _h a p]man5tly impair$ g]m-plasm--a proposition :i* is v d\btful4 ,b ! fram]s ( ! law app>5tly 7 n influ5c$ by t aspect ( ! case1 & 9 any ev5t su* a me?od ( proc$ure is too r\nd-ab\t to be comm5dable4 ,crim9als z su*1 & syphilitics1 %\ld c]ta9ly be remov$ f ! work+s ( ?is law1 & dealt ) 9 "s o!r way4 ,h[ev]1 no op]ations are report$ z hav+ be5 p]=m$ "u ! act4 ,new ,j]sey's law1 :i* has nev] be5 op]ative1 repres5ts a mu* m advanc$ /atute2 x applies to inmates ( /ate re=matories1 *>itable & p5al in/itutions 7rapi/s & confirm$ crim9als7 & provides = a bo>d ( exp]t exam9]s1 z well z = legal proc$ure4 ,new ,york's law1 apply+ to inmates ( /ate hospitals = ! insane1 /ate prisons1 re=matories & *>itable in/itutions1 is also fairly well drawn1 provid+ = a bo>d ( exam9]s1 & surr\nd+ ! op]ation ) legal safegu>ds4 ,no op]ations h be5 p]=m$ "u x4 ,nor? ,dakota includes inmates ( /ate prisons1 re=m s*ool1 s*ool = feeble-m9d$ & asylum = ! insane 9 its law1 :i* is adm9i/]$ by a special bo>d4 ,al?\gh an em]g5cy clause 0 tack$ on1 :5 x 0 pass$ 9 #aiac1 putt+ x into effect at once1 no op]ations h be5 p]=m$ "u x4 ,mi*igan's law applies to all inmates ( /ate in/itutions ma9ta9$ :olly or 9 "p at public exp5se4 ,x lacks _m ( ! provisions ( an ideal law1 b is be+ appli$ to "s ( ! feeble-m9d$4 ,! ,kansas law1 :i* provides suitable c\rt proc$ure1 embraces inmates ( all /ate in/itutions intru/$ ) ! c>e or cu/ody ( habitual crim9als1 idiots1 epileptics1 imbeciles or insane1 an habitual crim9al be+ def9$ z a p]son :o has be5 convict$ ( "s felony involv+ moral turpitude4 ,x has be5 a dead lett] ev] s9ce x 0 plac$ on ! /atute books4 ,wiscons9#hi provides = a special bo>d to consid] ! cases ( all inmates ( /ate & c\nty in/itutions = crim9al1 insane1 feeble-m9d$ & epileptic p]sons1 prior to _! release4 ,! law has "s good features1 & has be5 appli$ to a hundr$ or m feeble-m9d$ p]sons4 ,9 #aiaa ! ,am]ican ,bre$]s' ,association appo9t$ a ,committee to ,/udy & ,report on ! ,be/ ,practical ,means ( ,cutt+ ,(f ! ,defective ,g]m-,plasm 9 ! ,am]ican ,population1 & ?is committee has be5 at "w ev] s9ce1 "u auspices ( ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice1 mak+ a p>ticul> /udy ( legal /]ilization4 ,x po9ts out#ij t a /]ilization law1 to be ( ! greate/ possible value1 mu/3 7#a7 ,consid] /]ilization z a eug5ic measure1 n z a punitive or ev5 !rapeutic "o4 7#b7 ,provide due process ( law1 be=e any op]ation is c>ri$ out4 7#c7 ,provide adequate & compet5t executive ag5ts4 7#d7 ,designate only prop] classes ( p]sons z subject to ! law4 7#e7 ,provide = ! nom9ation ( individuals = /]ilization1 by suitable proc$ure4 7#f7 ,make an adequate inve/igation ( ea* case1 ! family hi/ory be+ ! mo/ important "p1 & "o :i* is (t5 neglect$ at pres5t4 7#g7 ,h express & adequate crit]ia = det]m9+ ^u /]ilization4 7#h7 ,designate ! type ( op]ation au?oriz$4 7#i7 ,make ea* di/9ct /ep m&atory & fix def9itely ! responsibility = x4 7#aj7 ,make adequate appropriation = c>ry+ out ! measure4 ,te/$ by su* /&>ds1 !re is n a /]ilization law 9 exi/5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! "t ?is is writt5 t is :olly comm5dable2 & ^? introduc$ 9 v>i\s /ates dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 b n pass$1 %[ few signs ( improvem5t4 ,x is evid5t t ! comm5dable zeal has n _h adequate guidance1 9 ! draft+ ( /]ilization legislation4 ,! committee above ref]r$ to has drawn up a model law1 & /ates :i* wi% to adopt a program ( legislative /]ilization %\ld pass a measure embody+ at lea/ ! pr9ciples ( ?is model law4 ,b1 z we h po9t$ out1 :olesale /]ilization is an unsatisfactory sub/itute = segregation4 ,!re are cases :]e x is advisable1 9 /ates too poor or nigg>dly to c>e adequately = _! defectives & del9qu5ts1 b eug5i/s %\ld favor segregation z ! ma9 policy1 ) /]ilization = ! special cases z previ\sly indicat$4 ,!re is ano!r way 9 :i* attempts h rec5tly be5 made to re/rict ! reproduction ( anti-social p]sons3 by putt+ re/rictions on m>riage4 ,?is =m ( campaign1 al?\gh usually call+ itself eug5ic1 has be5 due f> less to eug5i/s ?an to sex hygi5i/s :o h *os5 to sail "u a borr[$ flag4 ,e eug5i/ mu/ wi% !m success 9 _! ef=ts to promote sex hygi5e1 b x is a matt] ( regret t !y c n place _! ef=ts 9 ! prop] light1 = _! masqu]ade z a eug5ic propag&a has br\ght undes]v$ reproa* on ! eug5ics movem5t4 ,! cu/om>y =m ( legal action 9 ?is case is to dem& t bo? applicants = a m>riage lic5se1 or 9 "s cases only ! male1 sign an affidavit or pres5t a c]tificate f "s m$ical au?ority /at+ t an exam9ation has be5 made & ! applicant f\nd to be free f any v5]eal disease4 ,9 "s cases o!r diseases or m5tal defects are includ$4 ,:5 ! law prev5ts m>riage on acc\nt ( insanity1 feeble-m9d$ness1 or o!r h]$it>y defect1 x obvi\sly has a eug5ic value2 b 9 s f> z x conc]ns itself ) v5]eal diseases1 :i* are n h]$it>y1 x is only ( indirect int]e/ to eug5ics4 ,! great objection to su* laws is t !y are too easily evad$ by ! p]sons :om !y are int5d$ to rea*--a fact t has be5 demon/rat$ conclusively :]ev] !y h be5 put 9 =ce4 ,fur!rmore1 ! nature ( ! exam9ation dem&$ is usually :olly inadequate to asc]ta9 :e!r ! applicant really is or is n afflict$ ) a v5]eal disease4 ,f9ally1 x is to be borne 9 m9d t ! d5ial ( a m>riage lic5se w by no means prev5t reproduction1 among ! anti-social classes ( ! community4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! s-call$ eug5ic laws ( sev]al /ates1 :i* provide = a c]tificate ( heal? be=e a m>riage lic5se is issu$1 are n adequate eug5ic measures4 ,!y h "s value 9 awak5+ public s5tim5t to ! value ( a clean record 9 a prospective life p>tn]4 ,to ! ext5t t !y are en=c$1 ! probability t p]sons afflict$ ) v5]eal disease are on ! av]age eug5ically inf]ior to ! unaffect$ gives ^! laws "s eug5ic effect4 ,we are n call$ on to discuss !m f a hygi5ic po9t ( view2 b we believe t x is a mi/ake = eug5i/s to let legislation ( ?is sort be any?+ b a m9or a*ievem5t1 to be foll[$ up by m effici5t legislation4 ,laws :i* t5d to surr\nd m>riage ) a reasonable am\nt ( =mality & publicity are1 9 g5]al1 desirable eug5ically4 ,!y t5d to disc\rage ha/y & secret m>riages1 & to make matrimony appe> z a matt] 9 :i* ! public has a legitimate int]e/1 & :i* is n to be und]tak5 lightly & )\t consid]ation4 ,laws compell+ ! "y to get ! cons5t ( _! p>5ts be=e m>riage are to be plac$ 9 ?is category2 & likewise ! ,g]man law :i* requires ! pres5tation ( bir?-c]tificates be=e a m>riage lic5se is issu$4 ,a revival "u prop] =m ( ! old cu/om ( publi%+ ! banns is desirable4 ,und\bt$ly _m ha/y & ill-consid]$ m>riages are contract$ at ! pres5t "t1 ) dysg5ic results1 :i* c\ld be prev5t$ if ! relatives & fri5ds ( ! contract+ p>ties knew :at 0 go+ on1 & c\ld br+ to light defects or objections unkn[n or n prop]ly realiz$ by ! "y p4 ,among o!r /ates1 ,miss\ri has rec5tly consid]$ su* a law1 propos+ t ea* applicant = a m>riage lic5se be requir$ to pres5t a c]tificate f a reputable physician1 /at+ 9 concise t]ms ! applicant's heal? & 8 fitness to m>ry4 ,notice ( application = a m>riage lic5se %all be publi%$ 9 a daily pap] ?ree consecutive times1 at ! exp5se ( ! c\nty4 ,if at ! expiration ( "o day f ! publication ( ! la/ notice1 no *>ges h be5 fil$ ) ! record] alleg+ ! applicants' unfitness to m>ry1 lic5se %all be grant$4 ,if objection be made by ?ree p]sons n relat$ 9 blood to ea* o!r1 on ! gr\nd ( any item m5tion$ 9 ! physician's c]tificate1 ! case %all be tak5 be=e ! circuit c\rt2 if ! c\rt su/a9s ! objection ( ^! ?ree unrelat$ p]sons1 a lic5se to w$ %all be d5i$2 if ! c\rt ov]rules ! objection1 ! lic5se %all be grant$ & c\rt co/s *>g$ to ! objectors4 ,al?\gh int]e/+ z %[+ ! drift ( public s5tim5t t[>d a revival ( ! banns1 ?is propos$ law is poorly drawn4 ,?ree unrelat$ laym5 & ! judge ( a circuit c\rt are n ! prop] p]sons to decide on ! biological fitness ( a propos$ m>riage4 ,we believe ! int]e/s ( eug5ics w\ld be suffici5tly met at ?is "t by a law :i* provid$ t adequate notice ( application = m>riage lic5se %\ld be publi%$1 & no lic5se grant$ 7except "u exceptional circum/ances7 until ! expiration ( two weeks f ! publication ( ! notice4 ,?is w\ld give families & fri5ds "t to act2 b x is probably n practicable to =bid ! issuance ( a lic5se at ! expiration ( ! designat$ "t1 unless evid5ce is br\ght =w>d %[+ t "o ( ! applicants is n legally capable ( contract+ m>riage because ( a previ\s mate /ill liv+ & undivorc$1 or because ( insanity1 feeble-m9d$ness1 "u age1 etc4 ,su* a law1 we believe1 c\ld be put on ! /atute books ( any /ate1 & en=c$1 )\t ar\s+ prejudices or runn+ c\nt] to public s5tim5t2 & its eug5ic value1 if small1 w\ld c]ta9ly be real4 ,?is exhau/s ! li/ ( sugge/$ co]cive means ( re/rict+ ! reproduction ( ! inf]ior4 ,:at we propose is1 we believe1 a v mode/ program1 & "o :i* c be c>ri$ out1 z soon z public op9ion is educat$ on ! subject1 )\t any great sociological1 legal or f9ancial h9drances4 ,we sugge/ no?+ m ?an t individuals ^: (fspr+ w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be subv]sive ( ! g5]al welf>e1 be prev5t$ f hav+ any (fspr+4 ,9 mo/ cases1 su* individuals are1 or %\ld be1 giv5 life-long in/itutional c>e = _! own b5efit1 & x is an easy matt]1 by segregation ( ! sexes1 to prev5t reproduction4 ,9 a few cases1 x w probably be f\nd desirable to /]ilize ! individual by a surgical op]ation4 ,su* co]cive re/riction does1 9 "s cases1 sacrifice :at may be consid]$ p]sonal rights4 ,9 su* in/ances1 p]sonal rights mu/ give way be=e ! imm5sely great] int]e/s ( ! race4 ,b !re is a mu* l>g] class ( cases1 :]e co]cion c n be approv$1 & yet :]e an enlight5$ consci5ce1 or ! subtle =ce ( public op9ion1 may well br+ ab\t "s measure ( re/ra9t on reproduction4 ,?is class includes _m individuals :o are n 9 any direct way detrim5tal to society2 & :o yet h "s inh]it$ ta9t or defect t %\ld be *eck$1 & ( :i* !y1 if enlight5$1 w\ld probably be ! fir/ to desire ! elim9ation4 ,! numb] ( high-m9d$ p]sons :o delib]ately refra9 f m>riage1 or p>5?ood1 9 ! int]e/s ( po/]ity1 is great] ?an any "o imag9es1 except a eug5i/ br\ght into intimate relations ) p :o take an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,x4 comes1 let u say1 f a family 9 :i* !re is a p]si/5t ta9t ( epilepsy1 or insanity4 ,x4 is a normal1 useful1 consci5ti\s memb] ( society4 ,to talk ( segregat+ su* an individual w\ld be ra%4 ,b ,x4 has giv5 "s ?\ght to h]$ity & eug5ics1 & decides t he1 or %e1 w refra9 f m>riage1 9 ord] to avoid transmitt+ ! family ta9t to ano!r g5]ation4 ,"h we h1 9 effect1 a non-co]cive re/riction ( reproduction4 ,:at %all we say ( ! action ( ,x4 9 rema9+ celibate1--is x wise or unwise8 ,to be enc\rag$ or condemn$8 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ delicate problem :i* appli$ eug5ics (f]s4 ,x is a peculi>ly p]sonal "o1 & ! outsid] :o advises 9 su* a case is assum+ a heavy responsibility1 n only 9 reg>d to ! future welf>e ( ! race1 b to ! individual happ9ess ( ,x4 ,we c n accept ! sweep+ g5]alization sometimes made t ,/r5g? %\ld m>ry weakness & weakness m>ry /r5g?4 ,no m c we hold fa/ to ! ideal1 :i* we believe to be utopian1 t ,/r5g? %\ld only m>ry /r5g?4 ,!re are cases :]e su* glitt]+ g5]alities are futile2 :]e ! race & ! individual w\ld bo? be ga9]s by a m>riage :i* produc$ *ildr5 t _h ! family ta9t1 b ei!r lat5t or n to a degree s]i\s en\gh to c\nt]act _! value4 ,! individual mu/ decide = himself ) especial ref]5ce to ! trait 9 "q & 8 o!r comp5sat+ qualities2 b he %\ld at lea/ h ! b5efit ( :atev] light g5etics c (f] him1 be=e he makes 8 decision4 ,= ! sake ( a concrete example1 let u suppose t a man1 9 ^: ance/ry tub]culosis has appe>$ = sev]al g5]ations1 is contemplat+ m>riage4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be rememb]$ is t if he m>ries a woman ) a simil> family hi/ory1 _! *ildr5 w h a d\ble inh]itance ( ! ta9t1 & are almo/ c]ta9 to be affect$ unless liv+ 9 an especially favorable region4 ,x w\ld 9 mo/ cases be be/ t no *ildr5 result f su* a m>riage4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! man may m>ry a woman 9 ^: family consumption is unkn[n4 ,! *ance ( _! *ildr5 be+ tub]cul\s w n be great2 nev]!less ! ta9t1 ! dia!sis1 w be pass$ on j ! same1 al?\gh conceal$1 possibly to appe> at "s future "t4 ,su* a m>riage is 9 "s ways m dang]\s to ! race1 9 ! long run1 ?an t ( weakness ) weakness4 ,yet society at pres5t c]ta9ly has no safe gr\nds = int]f]5ce1 if su* a m>riage is made4 ,if ! two p]sons come ( sup]ior /ock1 x seems probable t ! ga9 w outweigh ! loss4 ,9 any ev5t1 x is at lea/ to be expect$ t bo? man & woman w\ld h a delib]ate consci\sness ( :at !y are do+1 & t no p]son ) any honor w\ld ent] into a m>riage1 conceal+ a defect 9 8 or h] ance/ry4 ,love is usually bl9d en\gh to ov]look su* a ?+1 b if x *ooses n to1 x ought n to be bl9dfold$4 ,9 %ort1 ! mat+ ( /r5g? ) /r5g? is c]ta9ly ! ideal :i* society %\ld h & :i* e individual %\ld h4 ,b human h]$ity is s mix$ t ?is ideal is n always practicable2 & if any two p]sons wi% to ab&on x1 society is h>dly ju/ifi$ 9 int]f]+1 unless ! case be s gross z ^? :i* we 7 discuss+ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,progress 9 ?is direction is to be expect$ ma9ly f ! enlight5$ action ( ! individual4 ,mu* m progress 9 ! /udy ( h]$ity mu/ be made be=e advice on m>riage mat+s c be giv5 9 any except fairly obvi\s cases4 ,! mo/ t c n[ be done is to urge t a full k ( ! family hi/ory ( an int5d$ life p>tn] be s\ght1 to enc\rage ! discreet inquiries & subtle guidance ( p>5ts1 & to appeal to ! eug5ic consci5ce ( a "y man or woman4 ,9 case ( d\bt ! advice ( a compet5t biologi/ %\ld be tak54 ,!re is a real dang] t high-m9d$ p may all[ "s m9or physical defect to outweigh a great] m5tal excell5ce4 ,!re rema9s "o o!r non-co]cive me?od ( influ5c+ ! di/ribution ( m>riage1 :i* des]ves consid]ation 9 ?is connection4 ,we h said t society c n well put _m re/rictions on m>riage at ! pres5t "t4 ,we urge by e means at our comm& t m>riage be look$ ^u m s]i\sly1 t x be und]tak5 ) m delib]ation & consid]ation4 ,we consid] x a crime = p to m>ry1 )\t kn[+ ea* o!r's family hi/ories4 ,b 9 spite ( all ?is1 ill-assort$1 dysg5ic m>riages w /ill be made4 ,:5 su* a m>riage is lat] demon/rat$ to h be5 a mi/ake1 n only f an individual1 b also f a eug5ic po9t ( view1 society %\ld be ready to dissolve ! union4 ,divorce is f> pref]able to m]e sep>ation1 s9ce ! un(f5d+ p>ty %\ld n be d5i$ ! privilege ( rem>riage1 z ! race 9 mo/ cases ne$s 8 or h] contribution to ! next g5]ation4 ,9 extreme cases1 x w\ld be prop] = society to take adequate /eps to insure t ! dysg5ic p>ty c\ld nei!r rem>ry nor h (fspr+ outside m>riage4 ,! "t-honor$ ju/ifiable gr\nds = divorce1--adult]y1 /]ility1 impot5ce1 v5]eal infection1 des]tion1 non-support1 habitual cruelty1--appe> to u to be no m wor?y ( legal recognition ?an ! m purely dysg5ic gr\nds ( *ronic inebriety1 feeble-m9d$ness1 epilepsy1 insanity or any o!r s]i\s inh]itable physical1 m5tal or moral defect4 ,?is view ( ! eug5ic value ( divorce %\ld n be con/ru$ z a plea = ! admission ( mutual cons5t z a gr\nd = divorce4 ,x is desirable1 h[ev]1 to realize t mismat+ is ! real evil4 ,divorce 9 su* cases is m]ely a cure = an improp] condition4 ,social condemnation %\ld /igmatize ! wrong ( mismat+1 n ! undo+ ( su* a wrong4 ,re/rictions on age at m>riage are almo/ univ]sal4 ,! object is to prev5t too e>ly m>riages4 ,! objections :i* are commonly urg$ aga9/ e>ly m>riage 79 s f> z !y be> ^u eug5ics7 are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,t x results 9 inf]ior (fspr+4 ,?is objection is n well support$ except possibly 9 ! mo/ extreme cases4 ,physically1 !re is evid5ce t ! y\ng] p>5ts on ! :ole be> ! s\nd] *ildr54 #b4 ,t a po/ponem5t ( m>riage provides ! opportunity = bett] sexual selection4 ,?is is a valid gr\nd = disc\rag+ ! m>riage ( m9ors4 #c4 ,! bett] educat$ classes are oblig$ to m>ry late1 because a man usually c n m>ry until he has f9i%$ 8 education & e/abli%$ himself 9 bus9ess4 ,a fair am\nt ( re/riction z to age at m>riage w !re=e n affect ^! classes1 b may affect ! un$ucat$ classes4 ,9 s f> z lack ( education is correlat$ ) eug5ic inf]iority1 "s re/riction ( ?is sort is desirable1 because x w keep inf]iors f reproduc+ too rapidly1 z comp>$ ) ! sup]ior elem5ts ( ! population4 ,:ile ! widespread rule t m5 %\ld n m>ry "u #ba & wom5 "u #ah has "s ju/ification1 !n1 an ideal law w\ld p]mit exceptions :]e !re 0 adequate income & good mat+4 ,laws to prohibit or re/rict consangu9e\s m>riages fall )9 ! scope ( ?is *apt]1 9 s f> z !y are n bas$ on dogma alone1 s9ce _! aim is popul>ly suppos$ to be to prev5t m>riages t w result 9 undesirable (fspr+4 ,exam9+ ! laws ( all ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port#ia f\nd ! foll[+ classes exclud$ f m>riage3 #a4 ,sibs 7i4e41 full bro!rs & si/]s7 9 all /ates1 & half sibs 9 mo/ /ates4 #b4 ,p>5t & *ild 9 all /ates1 & p>5t & gr&*ild 9 all /ates except ,p5nsylvania4 #c4 ,*ild & p>5t's sibs 7i4e41 niece & uncle1 nephew & aunt74 ,prohibit$ 9 all b f\r /ates4 #d4 ,fir/ c\s9s4 ,m>riages ( ?is type are prohibit$ 9 ov] a ?ird ( ! /ates1 & tacitly or specifically p]mitt$ 9 ! o!rs4 #e4 ,o!r blood relatives are occasionally prohibit$ f m>ry+4 ,?us1 second c\s9s 9 ,oklahoma & a *ild & 8 or h] p>5t's half sibs 9 ,alabama1 ,m9nesota1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,texas1 & o!r /ates4 ,9 ! close/ ( blood-relation%ips ! well-nigh univ]sal re/rictions %\ld be reta9$4 ,b :5 m>riage betwe5 c\s9s--! commone/ =m ( consangu9e\s m>riage--is exam9$1 x is f\nd to result frequ5tly well1 sometimes ill4 ,!re is a widespread belief t su* m>riages are dang]\s1 & 9 support ( ?is idea1 "o is ref]r$ to ! hi/ories ( v>i\s isolat$ communities :]e consangu9e\s m>riage is alleg$ to h l$ to an appall+ am\nt ( defect & deg5]acy4 ,)\t que/ion+ ! facts1 "o may "q ! int]pretation ( ! facts1 & x seems to u t a wrong int]pretation ( ^! /ories is p>tly responsible = ! widespread condemnation ( c\s9 m>riage at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,bahama ,isl&s furni% "o ( ! /ock examples4 ,clem5t ,a4 ,p5rose writes#ib ( !m3 ,9 "s ( ! :ite colonies :]e black blood has be5 exclud$1 & :]e1 ow+ to _! isolat$ positions1 frequ5t int]m>riage has tak5 place1 z = in/ance at ,spani% ,wells1 & ,hopet[n1 mu* deg5]acy is pres5t1 manife/$ by _m abnormalities ( m9d & body4444 ,i am /rongly ( ! op9ion t ! deplorable /ate ( deg5]acy :i* we obs]v$ at ,hopet[n has be5 9 a great measure1 if n entirely1 br\ght ab\t by too close int]m>ry+ ( ! inhabitants4 ,to demon/rate 8 po9t1 he took ! pa9s to compile a family tree ( ! mo/ deg5]ate /ra9s at ,hopet[n4 ,!re are fifty-five m>riages repres5t$1 & ! *>t is ov]laid ) tw5ty-?ree r$ l9es1 ea* ( :i* is said to repres5t an int]m>riage4 ,?is looks l a good deal ( consangu9e\s mat+2 b to te/ ! matt] a little f>!r ! frat]nity at ! bottom ( ! *>t1--eight *ildr51 ( :om five 7 idiots1--0 trac$4 ,9 ! second g5]ation x ran to ano!r isl&1 & :5 ! data gave out1 at ! f\r? g5]ation1 !re 0 n a s+le case ( consangu9e\s m>riage involv$4 ,ano!r frat]nity 0 !n pick$ out consi/+ ( two m51 bo? idiots & cong5itally bl9d1 & a woman :o _h m>ri$ & giv5 bir? to t5 normal *ildr54 ,9 ! f\r? g5]ation ?is p$igree1 :i* 0 f> f complete1 w5t out ( ! isl&s2 s f> z ! data %[$ !re 0 n a s+le case ( consangu9e\s m>riage4 ,!re 0 "o case :]e a "n 0 repeat$1 b ! au?or _h fail$ to m>k ?is z a case ( int]m>riage1 if x really 0 su*4 ,x is difficult to %>e ! conviction ( ,dr4 ,p5rose1 t ! two p$igrees inve/igat$1 (f] an example ( ! nef>i\s work+s ( int]m>riage4 ,f9ally a frat]nity 0 trac$ to :i* ! au?or _h call$ p>ticul> att5tion because ?ree ( its elev5 memb]s 7 born bl9d4 ,! defect 0 describ$ z optic atrophy associat$ ) a pigm5t>y ret9itis & *oryditis & ?is condition1 ,dr4 ,p5rose av]r$1 is "o /at$ by ! au?orities to be due to ! effects ( consangu9e\s m>riage4 ,=tunately1 ! p$igree 0 fairly full & sev]al l9es ( x c\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! six? g5]ation4 ,!re 01 inde$1 a consid]able am\nt ( consangu9e\s m>riage involv$4 ,:5 ! am\nt ( inbre$+ repres5t$ by ^! bl9d boys 0 measur$1 x prov$ to be almo/ id5tical ) ! am\nt repres5t$ by ! pres5t ,kais] ( ,g]many4#ic ,we are unable to see 9 su* a hi/ory z t ( ,hopet[n1 ,bahama ,isl&s1 any evid5ce t consangu9e\s m>riage necess>ily results 9 deg5]acy4 ,dr4 ,p5rose himself po9ts to a pot5t factor :5 he says ( 8 *>t 9 ano!r connection3 ,x w be notic$ t only a few ( ! desc5dants ( ,wid[ ,malone ! fir/ settl] at ,hopet[n are indicat$ z hav+ m>ri$4 ,by ?is x is n meant t ! o!rs did n m>ry2 _m ( !m did1 b !y mov$ away & settl$ else:]e1 & 9 no way affect$ ! future hi/ory ( ! settlem5t ( ,hopet[n4 ,by mov+ away1 x appe>s to u1 !y did v decid$ly affect ! future hi/ory ( ,hopet[n4 ,:o are ! emigrants8 ,might !y n h be5 ! m ent]pris+ & intellig5t1 ! physically & m5tally sup]ior ( ! population1 :o rebell$ at ! limit$ opportunities ( _! little village1 & w5t to seek a =tune 9 "s broad] field8 ,did n ! be/ g 9 g5]al2 ! misfits1 ! defectives1 /ay beh9d to propagate8 ,emigration 9 su* a case w\ld h ! same effect z w>2 x w\ld dra9 (f ! be/ /ock & leave ! weakl+s to /ay home & propagate _! k9d4 ,"u su* conditions1 defectives w\ld be b\nd to multiply1 reg>dless ( :e!r or n ! m>riages are consangu9e\s4 ,x w be se5 at a glance1 ,dr4 ,p5rose writes1 t e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,malone family ^! indications ( deg5]acy 7 abs5t2 b !y began 9 ! f\r? g5]ation & rapidly increas$ aft]w>d until !y culm9at$ by ! pres5ce ( five idiots 9 "o family4 ,! orig9al /ock 0 app>5tly excell5t1 b ! pres5t /ate ( ! desc5dants is deplorable4 ,n[ ?ree g5]ations ( emigration f a little community1 :i* ev5 to-day has only #a1jjj inhabitants1 w\ld naturally make q a diff]5ce 9 ! av]age eug5ic quality ( ! population4 ,9 almo/ any population1 a few defectives are con/antly be+ produc$4 ,take out ! bett] individuals1 & leave ^! defectives to multiply1 & ! am\nt ( deg5]acy 9 ! population w increase1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! defectives are m>ry+ _! c\s9s1 or unrelat$ p]sons4 ,! family ( five idiots1 cit$ by ,dr4 ,p5rose1 is an excell5t illu/ration1 = x is n ! result ( consangu9e\s m>riage--at lea/1 n 9 a close en\gh degree to h appe>$ on ! *>t4 ,x is d\btless a mat+ ( l ) l2 & biologically1 consangu9e\s m>riage is no?+ m4 ,hone/y dem&s1 !re=e1 t consangu9e\s m>riage be n cr$it$ ) results = :i* ! consangu9e\s elem5t is 9 no wise responsible4 ,! prevail+ habit ( pick+ out a community or a /ra9 :]e consangu9e\s m>riage & defects are associat$ & l\dly decl>+ ! "o to be ! cause ( ! o!r1 is evid5ce ( ! lack ( sci5tific ?\ght t is all too common4 ,mo/ ( ! /udies ( ^! isolat$ communities :]e int]m>riage has tak5 place1 illu/rate ! same po9t4 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 = example1 quotes#id an anonym\s correspond5t f ! isl& ( ,b]muda1 :i* %[s ! usual consequ5ce ( isl& life4 ,he writes3 ,9 "s ( ! p>i%es 7,som]set & ,paget *iefly7 !re has be5 mu* int]m>riage1 n only ) c\s9s b ) d\ble fir/ c\s9s 9 sev]al cases4 ,int]m>riage has *iefly caus$ weakness ( "* lead+ to dr9k1 n lack ( bra9s or a c]ta9 am\nt ( physical /r5g?1 b a v in]t & lazy disposition4 ,x is difficult to believe t anyone :o has liv$ 9 ! tropics c\ld h writt5 ?is except z a practical joke4 ,^? :o h resid$ 9 ! w>m] p>ts ( ! _w "k1 by obs]vation if n by exp]i5ce1 t a weakness ( "* lead+ to dr9k & an in]t & lazy disposition are by no means ! pr]ogatives ( ! inbr$4 ,if "o is go+ to cr$it consangu9e\s m>riage ) ^! evil results1 :at c "o say :5 evil results fail to foll[8 ,:at ab\t ,smi?'s ,isl&1 (f ! coa/ ( ,m>yl&1 :]e all ! inhabitants are said to be int]relat$1 & :]e a physician :o liv$ 9 ! community = ?ree ye>s fail$ to f9d among ! #gjj p]sons a s+le case ( idiocy1 insanity1 epilepsy or cong5ital deafness8 ,:at ab\t ! community ( ,batz1 on ! coa/ ( ,france1 :]e ,vois9 f\nd five m>riages ( fir/ c\s9s & ?irty-"o ( second c\s9s1 )\t a s+le case ( m5tal defect1 cong5ital deafness1 alb9ism1 ret9itis pigm5tosa or mal=mation8 ,! population 0 #c1jjj1 all ( :om 7 said to be int]relat$4 ,:at ab\t ,cape ,cod1 ^: natives are kn[n ?r\gh\t ,new ,engl& = _! ability8 ,at a rec5t visit to ! ,congregational ,sunday-,s*ool1 says a /ud5t1 ,i notic$ all (fic]s1 _m tea*]s1 organi/1 ex-sup]9t5d5t1 & pa/or's wife all ,dy]s4 ,a lady at ,truro unit$ 9 h]self f\r qu>t]s ,dy]1 fa!r1 "m & bo? gr&mo!rs ,dy]s4 ,& f9ally1 :at ab\t ! exp]i5ce ( live/ock bre$]s8 ,n only has /rict bro!r & si/] mat+--! close/ inbre$+ possible--be5 c>ri$ on exp]im5tally = tw5ty or tw5ty-five g5]ations )\t bad results2 b ! hi/ory ( practically e f9e bre$ %[s t inbre$+ is l>gely responsible = its excell5ce4 ,! ,ptolemies1 :o rul$ ,egypt = sev]al c5turies1 want$ to keep ! ?rone 9 ! family1 & h5ce practic$ a sy/em ( int]mat+ :i* has long be5 ! classical evid5ce t consangu9e\s m>riage is n necess>ily foll[$ by imm$iate evil effects4 ,! foll[+ fragm5t ( ! g5ealogy ( ,cleopatra ,,vii 7mi/ress ( ,julius ,cs> & ,m>c ,antony7 is cond5s$ f ,weigall's ,life & ,times ( ,cleopatra 7#aiad7 & ,ptolemy ,i ,ptolemy ,,ii ,ptolemy ,,iii m4 ,b]5ice ,,ii1 8 half-c\s94 ,ptolemy ,,iv m4 ,ars9o ,,iii1 8 full si/]4 ,ptolemy ,v4 ,ptolemy ,,vii m4 ,cleopatra ,,ii1 8 full si/]4 ,cleopatra ,,iii m4 ,ptolemy ,,ix 7bro!r ( ,,vii71 h] uncle4 ,ptolemy ,x4 m4 ,cleopatra ,,iv1 8 full si/]4 ----- ,b]5ice ,,ii m4 ,ptolemy ,,xi 7bro!r ( ,x71 h] uncle4 ,ptolemy ,,xii1 d4 )\t issue1 succe$$ by 8 uncle4 ---,ptolemy ,,xiii4 ,cleopatra ,,vii4 %[s an am\nt ( cont9u$ inbre$+ t has nev] be5 surpass$ 9 record$ hi/ory1 & yet did n produce any /rik+ evil results4 ,! rul]'s consort is nam$1 only :5 ! two 7 relat$4 ,! consangu9e\s m>riages %[n 9 ?is l9e ( desc5t are by no means ! only ones ( ! k9d t took place 9 ! family1 _m l !m be+ f\nd 9 collat]al l9es4 ,x is c]ta9 t consangu9e\s m>riage1 be+ ! mat+ ( l ) l1 int5sifies ! inh]itance ( ! (fspr+1 :i* gets a d\ble dose ( any trait :i* bo? p>5ts h 9 common4 ,if ! traits are good1 x w be an advantage to ! (fspr+ to h a d\ble dose ( !m2 if ! traits are bad1 x w be a disadvantage4 ,! m>riage ( sup]ior k9 %\ld produce *ildr5 bett] ?an ! p>5ts2 ! m>riage ( inf]ior k9 %\ld produce *ildr5 ev5 worse ?an _! p>5ts4 ,9 pass+ judgm5t on a propos$ m>riage1 !re=e1 ! vital "q is n1 ,are !y relat$ by blood8 b ,are !y c>ri]s ( desirable traits8 ,! nature ( ! traits c be told only by a /udy ( ! ance/ry4 ,( c\rse1 *>act]s may be lat5t or recessive1 b ?is is also ! case 9 ! population at l>ge1 & ! *ance ( unpleasant results is s small1 :5 no in/ance c be f\nd 9 ! ance/ry1 t x c be disreg>d$4 ,if ! same cong5ital defect or undesirable trait does n appe> 9 ! ?ree previ\s g5]ations ( two c\s9s1 includ+ collat]als1 ! individuals ne$ n be disc\rag$ f m>ry+ if !y want to4 ,laws :i* =bid c\s9s to m>ry are1 !n1 on an uns\nd biological basis4 ,z ,dr4 ,dav5port rem>ks1 ,! m>riage ( ,*>les ,d>w9 & ,emma ,w$gewood w\ld h be5 illegal & void1 & _! *ildr5 pron\nc$ illegitimate 9 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 ,miss\ri1 ,nebraska1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,oklahoma1 ,oregon1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,utah1 ,wa%+ton1 ,wyom+1 & o!r /ates4 ,! vitality & great capacity ( _! sev5 *ildr5 are well kn[n4 ,a law :i* w\ld h prev5t$ su* a m>riage is c]ta9ly n eug5ic4 ,we conclude1 !n1 t laws =bidd+ c\s9 m>riages are n desirable4 ,s9ce x w\ld be well to make an ef=t to increase ! opportunities = fur!r play ( sexual selection1 ! lack ( :i* is sometimes responsible = c\s9 m>riages1 consangu9e\s m>riage is by no means to be indiscrim9ately indors$4 ,/ill1 if !re are cases :]e x is eug5ically injuri\s1 !re are also cases :]e its results are eug5ically highly b5eficial1 z 9 families ) no s]i\s defects & ) out/&+ ability4 ,! laws prohibit+ m>riage betwe5 p]sons hav+ no blood relation%ip b connect$ by m>riage %\ld all be repeal$4 ,! be/-kn[n ,engli% in/ance1 :i* 0 eug5ically v objectionable1--! prohibition ( m>riage betwe5 a man & 8 deceas$ wife's si/]1--has =tunately be5 extirpat$1 b laws /ill exi/1 9 "s communities1 prohibit+ m>riage betwe5 a man & 8 /ep*ild or /epp>5t1 betwe5 a woman & h] deceas$ husb&'s bro!r1 & betwe5 ! second husb& or wife ( a deceas$ aunt or uncle & ! wife or husb& ( a deceas$ nephew or niece1 etc4 ,! only o!r problem ( re/rictive eug5ics :i* x seems necess>y to consid] is t (f]$ by misceg5ation4 ,?is w be consid]$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,xiv & ,,xv4 ,to sum up3 we believe t !re are urg5t reasons = & no objections to prev5t+ ! reproduction ( a numb] ( p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _m ( :om h already be5 recogniz$ by society z be+ s anti-social or inf]ior z to ne$ in/itutional c>e4 ,su* re/riction c be/ be en=c$ by effective segregation ( ! sexes1 al?\gh !re are cases :]e individuals might well be releas$ & all[$ full fre$om1 ei!r on p>ole1 s to speak1 or aft] hav+ und]gone a surgical op]ation :i* w\ld prev5t _! reproduction4 ,laws provid+ = /]ilization1 su* z a doz5 /ates n[ possess1 are n fram$ ) a k ( ! ne$s ( ! case2 b a prop]ly draft$ /]ilization law to provide = cases n bett] treat$ by segregation is desirable4 ,segregation %\ld be consid]$ ! ma9 me?od4 ,x is practicable to place only m9or re/rictions on m>riage1 ) a eug5ic goal 9 view4 ,a good banns law1 h[ev]1 c\ld meet no objections & w\ld yield valuable results4 ,limit$ age re/rictions are prop]4 ,m>riages ( individuals ^: families are m>k$ by m9or ta9ts c n ju/ify social int]f]5ce2 b an enlight5$ consci5ce & a eug5ic po9t ( view %\ld lead e individual to make z good a *oice z possible4 ,if a eug5ically bad mat+ has be5 made1 society %\ld m9imize z f> z possible ! injuri\s results1 by means ( provision = prop]ly re/rict$ divorce4 ,consangu9e\s m>riages 9 a degree no clos] ?an t ( fir/ c\s9s1 are nei!r to be condemn$ nor prais$ indiscrim9ately4 ,_! desirability dep5ds on ! ance/ry ( ! two p]sons involv$2 ea* case %\ld !re=e be treat$ on its own m]its4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,sexual ,,selection ,love is bl9d & ,m>riage is a lott]y1 9 ! op9ion ( prov]bial lore4 ,b z usual ! prov]bs d n tell ! :ole tru?4 ,mat+ is n :olly a matt] ( *ance2 !re is & always has be5 a consid]able am\nt ( selection involv$4 ,?is selection mu/ ( c\rse be ) respect to individual traits1 a man or woman be+ = ?is purpose m]ely ! sum ( 8 or h] traits4 ,reflection w %[ t ) respect to any giv5 trait !re are ?ree ways ( mat+3 r&om1 assortative & pref]5tial4 #a4 ,r&om mat+ is describ$ by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,h>ris#ie z foll[s3 ,suppose a mo/ highly ref9$ sociali/ic community %\ld set ab\t to equalize z ne>ly z possible n only m5's labor & _! recomp5se1 b ! quality ( _! wives4 ,x w\ld nev] d to all[ individuals to select _! own p>tn]s--sup]ior cunn+ might result 9 "s hav+ mates above ! av]age desirability1 :i* w\ld be socially unfair6 ,! me?od adopt$ w\ld be to write ! names ( an equal numb] ( m5 & wom5 (ficially condemn$ to matrimony on c>ds1 & to place ^? = m5 9 "o lott]y :eel & ^? = wom5 9 ano!r4 ,! draw+ ( a pair ( c>ds1 "o f ea* :eel1 w\ld !n replace ! 'pres5t wa/eful sy/em' ( 'competitive' c\rt%ip4 ,if ! c>ds 7 ?or\ghly %uffl$ & ! draw+s p]fectly at r&om1 we %\ld expect only *ance resemblances betwe5 husb& & wife = age1 /ature1 eye & hair color1 temp] & s on2 9 ! long run1 a wife w\ld resemble h] husb& no m ?an ! husb& ( "s o!r woman4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ma!matician c give u a coeffici5t ( resemblance1 or ( assortative mat+1 :i* we write z z]o4 ,! o!r extreme w\ld be ! /ate ( affairs 9 :i* m5 ( a c]ta9 type 7t is to say m5 diff]+ f ! g5]al av]age by a def9ite am\nt7 always *ose wives ( ! same type2 ! resemblance w\ld !n be p]fect & ! correlation1 z we call x1 w\ld be express$ by a coeffici5t ( #a4 ,if all mat+ 7 at r&om1 evolution w\ld be a v sl[ process4 ,b actual measurem5t ( v>i\s traits 9 conjugal pairs %[s t mat+ is v r>ely r&om4 ,!re is a consci\s or unconsci\s selection = c]ta9 traits1 & ?is selection involves o!r traits because ( ! g5]al correlation ( traits 9 an individual4 ,r&om mat+1 !re=e1 ne$ n be tak5 into acc\nt by eug5i/s1 :o mu/ r give _! att5tion to "o ( ! two =ms ( non-r&om mat+1 namely1 assortative & pref]5tial4 #b4 ,if m5 :o 7 above ! av]age height always select$ z brides wom5 :o 7 equally above ! av]age height & %ort m5 select$ simil>ly1 ! coeffici5t ( correlation betwe5 height 9 husb&s & wives w\ld be #a1 & !re w\ld ?us be p]fect assortative mat+4 ,if only "o half ( ! m5 :o diff]$ f ! av]age height always m>ri$ wom5 :o simil>ly diff]$ & ! o!r half m>ri$ at r&om1 !re w\ld be assortative mat+ = height1 b x w\ld n be p]fect3 ! coeffici5t w\ld only be half z great z 9 ! fir/ case1 or 4#e4 ,if on ! o!r h& 7z is inde$ ! popul> idea7 a tall man t5d$ to m>ry a woman :o 0 %ort] ?an ! av]age1 ! coeffici5t ( correlation w\ld be less ?an #j2 x w\ld h "s negative value4 ,actual measurem5t %[s t a man :o exce$s ! av]age height by a giv5 am\nt w mo/ frequ5tly m>ry a woman :o exce$s ! av]age by a little m ?an "o-f\r? z mu* z h] husb& does4 ,!re is ?us assortative mat+ = height1 b x is f> f p]fect4 ,! actual coeffici5t giv5 by ,k>l ,pe>son is 4#bh4 ,9 ?is case1 !n1 ! idea t unlikes attract is f\nd to be ! rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,if o!r traits are measur$1 assortative mat+ w aga9 be f\nd4 ,:e!r x be eye color1 hair color1 g5]al heal?1 intellig5ce1 longevity1 insanity1 or cong5ital deafness1 exact measurem5ts %[ t a man & 8 wife1 ?\gh n relat$ by blood1 actually resemble ea* o!r z mu* z d uncle & niece1 or fir/ c\s9s4 ,9 "s cases assortative mat+ is consci\s1 z :5 two cong5itally deaf p]sons are drawn toge!r by _! common affliction & mutual possession ( ! sign language4 ,b 9 ! great] numb] ( cases x is :olly unconsci\s4 ,c]ta9ly no "o w\ld suppose t a man selects 8 wife delib]ately because h] eye color mat*es 8 own2 mu* less w\ld he select h] on ! basis ( resemblance 9 longevity1 :i* c n be kn[n until aft] bo? are dead4 ,sigmund ,freud & ,erne/ ,jones expla9 su* selection by ! supposition t a man's ideal ( ev]y?+ t is lovely 9 womank9d is bas$ on 8 "m4 ,dur+ 8 *ildhood1 h] attributes /amp !mselves on 8 m9d z be+ ! p]fect attributes ( ! female sex2 & :5 he lat] falls 9 love x is natural t ! woman :o mo/ attracts him %\ld be "o :o resembles 8 "m4 ,b z he1 because ( h]$ity1 resembles 8 "m1 !re is ?us a resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife4 ,cases :]e !re is no resemblance w\ld1 on ?is hypo!sis1 ei!r be n love mat*es1 or else be cases :]e ! *oice 0 made by ! woman1 n ! man4 ,pro( ( ?is hypo!sis has n yet be5 furni%$1 b x may v well acc\nt = "s "p ( ! assortative mat+ :i* is s ne>ly univ]sal4 ,! eug5ic significance ( assortative mat+ is obvi\s4 ,m>riage ( repres5tatives ( two long-liv$ /ra9s ensures t ! (fspr+ w inh]it m longevity ?an does ! ord9>y man4 ,m>riage ( two p]sons f gift$ families w end[ ! *ildr5 ) m ?an ! ord9>y intellect4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m>riage ( two memb]s ( feeble-m9d$ /ra9s 7a v common =m ( assortative mat+7 results 9 ! production ( a new lot ( feeble-m9d$ *ildr51 :ile m>riage contract$ betwe5 families m>k$ by crim9ality or alcoholism means ! p]petuation ( su* traits 9 an int5sifi$ =m4 ,= alcoholism1 ,*>les ,gor+ f\nd ! resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife 9 ! foll[+ classes to be z foll[s3 ,v poor & de/itute 4#dd ,prosp]\s poor 4#eh ,well-to-d 4#fi ,! resemblance ( husb& & wife1 9 respect ( possession ( a police record1 he f\nd to be 4#bj4 ,( c\rse alcoholism & crim9ality are n :olly due to h]$ity2 ! resemblance betwe5 man & wife is p>tly a matt] ( social influ5ces4 ,b 9 any case ! exi/5ce ( assortative mat+ = su* traits is significant4 #c4 ,pref]5tial mat+ occurs :5 c]ta9 classes ( wom5 are discrim9at$ aga9/ by ! av]age man1 or by m5 z a class2 or vice v]sa4 ,x is ! =m ( sexual selection made prom95t by ,*>les ,d>w91 :o br\ght x =w>d because natural selection1 op]at+ solely ?r\gh a diff]5tial dea?-rate1 seem$ inadequate to acc\nt = _m phases ( evolution4 ,by sexual selection he meant t an individual ( "o sex1 9 *oos+ a mate1 is l$ to select out ( sev]al competitors ! "o :o has "s p>ticul> attribute 9 a high degree4 ,! selection may be consci\s1 & due to ! ex]cise ( /hetic ta/e1 or x may be unconsci\s1 due to ! great] degree ( excitation produc$ by ! high] degree ( "s attribute4 ,h[ev] ! selection takes place1 ! individual s select$ w h an opportunity to transmit 8 "*1 9 ! high] degree 9 :i* he possesses x1 to 8 desc5dants4 ,9 ?is way x 0 suppos$ by ,d>w9 t a l>ge proportion ( ! ornam5tal *>act]s ( liv+ creatures 7 produc$3 ! tail ( ! peacock1 ! mane ( ! lion1 & ev5 ! gorge\s color+ ( _m insects & butt]flies4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ,d>w9ism1 ! !ory ( sexual selection 0 pu%$ to :at n[ seems an unju/ifiable ext5t4 ,exp]im5t has (t5 fail$ to demon/rate any sexual selection1 9 species :]e speculation suppos$ x to exi/4 ,& ev5 if sexual selection1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 c\ld be demon/rat$ 9 ! l[] animals1 yet ! small p]c5tage ( unmat$ individuals indicates t its importance 9 evolution c\ld n be v great4#if ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,beauty ,,aids ,a ,,girl',s ,,*ance ,,( ,,m>riage ,,fig4 #cb4--;,graph %[+ ! m>riage rate ( graduates ( a normal s*ool1 correlat$ ) _! facial attractiv5ess z grad$ by e/imates4 ,! column ( figures at ! left-h& side %[s ! p]c5tage ( girls :o m>ri$4 ,( ! prettie/ girls 7^? grad$ #hj or ov]71 #gj m>ri$4 ,z ! less attractive girls are add$ to ! *>t1 ! m>riage rate decl9es4 ,( ! girls :o grad$ ar\nd #ej on looks1 only ab\t "o-half m>ri$4 ,9 g5]al1 ! pretti] ! girl1 ! great] ! probability t %e w n rema9 s+le4 ,9 man1 h[ev]1 !re is--n[adays at lea/--a consid]able p]c5tage ( unmat$ individuals4 ,! ,c5sus ( #aiaj %[s t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "o-f\r? ( all ! m5 betwe5 #be & #dd ye>s ( age1 & "o-six? ( all ! wom51 7 unm>ri$4 ,_m ( ! m51 & a small] numb] ( ! wom51 w /ill m>ry2 yet at ! end !re w rema9 a l>ge numb]1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! m highly educat$ classes1 :o die celibate4 ,if ^! unmat$ individuals diff] 9 any important respect f ! m>ri$ "p ( ! population1 pref]5tial mat+ w be evid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,intellig5t ,,girls ,,are ,,mo/ ,,likely ,,to ,,m>ry ,,fig4 #cc4--;,graph %[+ ! m>riage-rate 7on ! same scale z 9 ,fig4 #cb7 ( ! graduates ( a normal s*ool1 z correlat$ ) _! class /&+4 ,! girls :o receiv$ ! highe/ m>ks 9 _! /udies m>ri$ 9 ! l>ge/ numb]s4 ,x is evid5t t1 on ! :ole1 girls :o make a poor %[+ 9 _! /udies 9 su* s*ools z ?is are m likely to be life-long celibates ?an are ! bright /ud5ts4 ,at ! extremes1 !re is no difficulty 9 see+ su* mat+4 ,c]ta9 m5 & wom5 are s defective1 physically1 m5tally1 or morally1 z to be unable to f9d mates4 ,!y may be idiots1 or diseas$1 or lack+ normal sexuality1 or wrongly educat$4 ,b to get any adequate /ati/ical pro( ( pref]5tial mat+ on a broad scale1 has be5 f\nd difficult4 ,two small b sugge/ive /udies made by ,miss ,c>rie ,f4 ,gilmore ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh are int]e/+1 ?\gh f> f conclusive4 ,%e exam9$ ! records ( ! class ( #aijb1 ,s\?we/]n ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool ( ,p5nsylvania1 to f9d :i* ( ! girls _h m>ri$4 ,by means ( photographs1 & ! op9ions ( dis9t]e/$ judges1 ! facial appe>ance ( all ! girls 9 ! class 0 grad$ on a scale ( #ajj1 & ! curve 9 ,fig4 #cb plott$1 :i* %[s at a glance j :at matrimonial advantage a woman's beauty gives h]4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said t ! pretti] ! girl1 ! bett] h] *ance ( m>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ye>s ,,betwe5 ,,graduation ,,& ,,m>riage ,,fig4 #cd4--;,curve %[+ p]iod t elaps$ betwe5 ! graduation ( wom5 at ,wa%+ton ,sem9>y 7at ! av]age age ( #ai ye>s7 & _! m>riage4 ,x includes all ! graduates ( ! classes ( #ahda to #aijj1 /atus ( #aiac4 ,miss ,gilmore fur!r work$ out ! m>riage rate ( ^! normal s*ool girls1 on ! basis ( ! m>ks !y obta9$ 9 _! class "w1 & f\nd ! results plott$ 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,x is evid5t t ! mo/ intellig5t girls1 measur$ by _! class /&+1 7 pref]r$ z wives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,late ,,m>riages ,,fig4 #ce4--;,giv5 a population divid$ 9 two equal p>ts1 "o ( :i* produces a new g5]ation e #be ye>s & ! o!r e #cc-a_/c ye>s1 ! diagram %[s t ! =m] gr\p w outnumb] ! latt] two to "o1 at ! end ( a c5tury4 ,! result illu/rat$ is actually tak+ place1 9 v>i\s gr\ps ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,l>gely = economic reasons1 _m sup]ior p are po/pon+ ! "t ( m>riage4 ,! diagram %[s graphically h[ !y are los+ gr\nd1 9 comp>ison ) o!r sections ( ! population :i* m>ry only a few ye>s e>li]1 on ! av]age4 ,x is assum$ 9 ! diagram t ! two gr\ps conta9 equal numb]s ( ! two sexes2 t all p]sons 9 ea* gr\p m>ry2 & t ea* c\ple produces f\r *ildr54 ,x w be not$ t ^! /udies m]ely %[ t ! bright] & pretti] girls 7 pref]r$ by m5 z a class4 ,if ! individual m5 :om ! girls m>ri$ _h be5 /udi$1 x w\ld probably h be5 f\nd t ! mat+ 0 also p>tly assortative4 ,if ! *oice ( a life p>tn] is to be eug5ic1 r&om mat+ mu/ be z ne>ly z possible elim9at$1 & assortative & pref]5tial mat+ = desirable traits mu/ take place4 ,! conc]n ( ! eug5i/ is1 !n1 7#a7 to see t "y p h ! be/ ideals1 & 7#b7 to see t _! mat+s are actually guid$ by ^! ideals1 in/ead ( by caprice & passion alone4 #a4 ,9 discuss+ ideals1 we %all ask 7a7 :at are ! pres5t ideals gov]n+ sexual selection 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7b7 is x psy*ologically possible to *ange !m2 7c7 is x desirable t !y be *ang$1 & if s1 9 :at ways8 7a7 ,!re are sev]al /udies :i* ?r[ light on ! curr5t ideals4 ,physical ,culture magaz9e lately invit$ its wom5 read]s to s5d 9 ! specifications ( an ideal husb&1 & ! results are wor? consid]+ because ! read]s ( t publication are probably less sway$ by purely conv5tional ideas ?an are mo/ accessible gr\ps ( wom5 :om "o might "q4 ,! ideal husb& 0 held by ^! wom5 to be made up ( ! foll[+ qualities 9 ! proportions giv53 ,p] c5t4 ,heal? #bj ,f9ancial success #ai ,pat]nity #ah ,appe>ance #aa ,disposition #h ,education #h ,"* #f ,h\sekeep+ #g ,dress #c --- #ajj ,)\t lay+ weight on ! exact figures1 & recogniz+ t ea* woman may h def9$ ! qualities diff]5tly1 yet "o mu/ admit aside f a l[ conc]n = m5tal ability t ?is is a fairly good eug5ic specification4 ,appe>ance1 x is /at$1 meant n s mu* facial beauty z intellig5t expression & manly =m4 ,f9ancial success is correlat$ ) intellig5ce & effici5cy1 & probably is n rat$ too high4 ,! importance atta*$ to pat]nity--:i*1 x is expla9$1 means a clean sex life z well z int]e/ 9 *ildr5--is wor? notic+4 ,= comp>ison !re is ano!r c5sus ( ! pref]5ces ( #aae "y wom5 at ,brigham ,"y ,college1 ,logan1 ,utah4 ,?is is a ,mormon in/itution & ! /ud5ts1 mo/ly f>m]s' daught]s1 are probably express+ ideals :i* h be5 v little affect$ by ! demoraliz+ influ5ces ( mod]n city life4 ,! editor ( ! college pap] relates t3 ,eighty-six p] c5t ( ! girls specifically /at$ t ! "y man mu/ be morally pure2 #ad did n specifically /ate4 ,n9ety-n9e p] c5t specifically /at$ t he mu/ be m5tally & physically /rong4 ,n9ety-?ree p] c5t /at$ t he mu/ absolutely n smoke1 *ew1 or dr9k2 #g did n /ate4 ,tw5ty p] c5t nam$ an occupation !y w\ld l ! "y man to foll[1 & ^! fell into ?ree diff]5t classes1 t ( f>m]1 doctor & bus9ess4 ,f\r & sev5-t5?s p] c5t ( ! #bj nam$ f>m]2 #b4g nam$ doctor1 & #a4g nam$ bus9ess man2 #hj did n /ate any pr(ession4 ,?irty-?ree & "o-?ird p] c5t specifically /at$ t he mu/ be ambiti\s2 #ff-b_/c did n /ate4 ,eight p] c5t /at$ specifically t he mu/ h high ideals4 ,fifty-two p] c5t dem&$ t he be ( ! same religi\s conviction2 #dh said no?+ ab\t religion4 ,sev5ty-two p] c5t said no?+ reg>d+ money matt]s2 #bh /at$ :at 8 f9ancial condition mu/ be1 b none nam$ a specific am\nt4 ,"o-half ( ! #bh /at$ t he mu/ be ri*1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( ^! 7 "u tw5ty ye>s ( age2 ! o!r half ( ! #bh said t he mu/ h a mod]ate income & two-?irds ( ^! 7 "u tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,=ty-five p] c5t /at$ t ! "y man mu/ be tall] ?an !y2 #ee did n /ate4 ,tw5ty p] c5t /at$ t ! "y man mu/ be old]1 & f two to eight ye>s old]2 #hj did n /ate4 ,fifty p] c5t /at$ t he mu/ h a good education2 "o-f\r? ( ! #ej /at$ t he mu/ h a college education2 #ie ( ^! 7 "u tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age2 #ej did n /ate 8 intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,n9ety-"o p] c5t ( all ! ideals h&$ 9 7 writt5 by p]sons "u tw5ty ye>s ( age2 ! o!r #h-a_/b 7 ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,physical ,culture1 on ano!r occasion1 invit$ its male read]s to express _! requirem5ts ( an ideal wife4 ,! proportions ( ! v>i\s elem5ts desir$ are giv5 z foll[s3 ,p] c5t ,heal? #bc ,looks #ad ,h\sekeep+ #ab ,disposition #aa ,mat]nity #aa ,education #aj ,managem5t #g ,dress #g ,"* #e --- #ajj ,"o might feel "s surprise at ! l[ valuation plac$ on "*1 b x is really cov]$ by o!r po9ts4 ,on ! :ole1 "o c n be dissatisfi$ ) ^! specifications aside f its slight conc]n ab\t m5tal ability4 ,su* :olesome ideals are probably r widespread 9 ! less sophi/icat$ "p ( ! population4 ,9 o!r /rata1 social & f9ancial crit]ia ( selection hold mu* importance4 ,z a family asc5ds 9 economic position1 its /&>ds ( sexual selection are likely to *ange4 ,& 9 l>ge sections ( ! population1 !re is a fluctuation 9 ! /&>ds f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,!re is reason to suspect t ! /&>ds ( sexual selection among educat$ "y wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day are high] ?an !y 7 a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 or ev5 a decade1 ago4 ,!y are dem&+ a high] degree ( physical fitness & morality 9 _! suitors4 ,m51 9 turn1 are beg9n+ to dem& t ! girls !y m>ry %all be fitt$ = ! duties ( home-mak]1 wife & "m1--qualifications :i* 7 ess5tial 9 ! colonial p]iod b little insi/$ on 9 ! imm$iate pa/4 7b7 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t ! /&>ds ( sexual selection d *ange2 !re is !re=e reason to suppose t !y c *ange /ill fur!r4 ,?is is an important po9t1 = x is (t5 alleg$ z an objection to eug5ics t human affections are caprici\s & c n be influ5c$ by rational consid]ations4 ,su* an objection w be se51 on reflection1 to be ill-f\nd$4 ,z to ! ext5t ( *ange possible1 ! psy*ologi/ mu/ h ! f9al ^w4 ,! +5i\s ,mr4 ,difflo?1#ig :o r$uc$ love to a s]ies ( algebraical =mul & geometrical curves1 & propos$ t e "y man %\ld f9d a girl ^: curve 0 congru5t to 8 own1 & at once lead h] to ! alt>1 is n likely to ga9 _m adh]5ts4 ,b ! psy*ologi/ decl>es )\t hesitation t x is possible to influ5ce ! c\rse ( love 9 its e>li]1 ?\gh r>ely 9 its lat]1 /ages4 ,francis ,galton po9t$ ?is out ) 8 usual cle>ness1 %[+ t 9 ! pa/ ! incid5ce ( love1 to borr[ a te*nical t]m1 _h be5 frequ5tly & sometimes n>r[ly limit$ by cu/om--by ^? unwritt5 laws :i* are sometimes z effective z ! writt5 ones4 ,monogamy1 endogamy1 exogamy1 ,au/ralian m>riages1 tabu1 prohibit$ degrees & sac]dotal celibacy all furni%$ him ) hi/orical argum5ts to %[ t society c\ld br+ ab\t almo/ any re/riction x *ose2 & a glance ar\nd at ! pres5t day w %[ t ! b>ri]s set up by religion1 race & social position are frequ5tly ( almo/ prohibitive effect4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 f a psy*ological po9t ( view1 no reason :y ! ideals ( eug5ics %\ld n become a "p ( ! mores or unwritt5 laws ( ! race1 & :y ! selection ( life p>tn]s %\ld n be unconsci\sly influ5c$ to a v l>ge ext5t by !m4 ,z a necess>y prelim9>y to su* a condition1 intellig5t p mu/ cultivate ! attitude ( consci\s selection1 & get away f ! crude1 fatali/ic viewpo9t :i* is to-day s widespread1 & :i* is exploit$ ad nauseam on ! /age & 9 fiction4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re are two well-m>k$ /ages prec$+ a betro?al3 ! fir/ is t ( m]e attraction1 :5 reason is /ill op]ative1 & ! second is t ( actual love1 :5 reason is relegat$ to ! backgr\nd4 ,dur+ ! lat] /age1 x is notori\s t good c\nsel is ( little avail1 b dur+ ! prelim9>y p]iod direction ( ! affections is /ill possible1 n only by active int]f]5ce ( fri5ds or relatives1 b mu* m easily & usefully by ! trem5d\s influ5ce ( ! mores4 ,eug5ic mores w exi/ only :5 _m intellig5t p become s conv9c$ ( ! e?ical value ( eug5ics t t conviction s9ks into _! subconsci\s m9ds4 ,! g5]al eug5ics campaign c be expect$ to br+ t result ab\t 9 due "t4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to prev5t highly consci5ti\s p f be+ too critical1 & lett+ a trivial defect outweigh a l>ge numb] ( good qualities4 ,moreov]1 *anges 9 ! /&>ds ( sexual selection %\ld n be too rapid1 z t results 9 ! p]man5t celibacy ( "s excell5t b hyp]-critical individuals4 ,! ideal is an advance ( /&>ds z rapidly z w yet keep all ! sup]ior p]sons m>ri$4 ,?is is accompli%$ if all sup]ior individuals m>ry z well z possible1 yet ) advanc+ ye>s gradually r$uce ! /&>d s t celibacy may n result4 ,hav+ decid$ t !re is room = improvem5t 9 ! /&>ds ( sexual selection1 & t su* improvem5t is psy*ologically feasible1 we come to po9t 7c73 9 :at p>ticul> ways is ?is improvem5t ne$$8 ,any discussion ( ?is l>ge subject mu/ necess>ily be only sugge/ive1 n exhau/ive4 ,if sexual selection is to be tak5 s]i\sly1 x is imp]ative t !re be "s improvem5t 9 ! g5]al attitude ( public s5tim5t t[>d love itself4 ,x is difficult = ! /ud5t to acquire s\nd k#ih ( ! normal manife/ations ( love3 ! psy*ology ( sex has be5 /udi$ too l>gely f ! abnormal & pa?ological side2 :ile ! popul> idea is bas$ too mu* on fiction & drama :i* emphasize ! high lights & make love solely an affair ( emotion4 ,we are n argu+ = a rationalization ( love1 = ! t]ms are almo/ contradictory2 b we believe t m common s5se c\ld pr(itably be us$ 9 consid]+ ! subject4 ,if a typical love affair be exam9$1 x is f\nd t prop9quity & a common basis = sympa?y 9 "s probably trivial matt] lead to ! developm5t ( ! sex in/9ct2 ! p>5tal in/9ct beg9s to make itself felt1 p>ticul>ly among wom52 ! in/9cts ( curiosity1 acquisitiv5ess1 & v>i\s o!rs play _! "p1 & !re !n appe>s a well-develop$ case ( love4 ,su* love may satisfy a purely biological def9ition1 b x is incomplete4 ,love t is wor?y ( ! "n mu/ be a function ( ! w z well z ( ! emotions4 ,!re mu/ be a feel+ on ! "p ( ea* :i* f9ds /rong satisfaction 9 s]vice r5d]$ to ! o!r4 ,if ! exi/5ce ( ?is con/itu5t ( love c\ld be m widely recogniz$ & wat*$ =1 x w\ld probably prev5t _m a s5sible "y man or woman f be+ /amp$$ into a m>riage ( passion1 :]e ! real community ( int]e/ is slight2#ii & sexual selection w\ld be improv$ 9 a way t w\ld c\nt imm5sely = ! future ( ! race4 ,moreov]1 !re w\ld be mu* m real love 9 ! _w4 ,eug5ics1 z ,havelock ,ellis has well po9t$ out1#ajj is n plott+ aga9/ love b aga9/ ^? influ5ces t d viol5ce to love1 p>ticul>ly3 7#a7 reckless yield+ to m]e mom5t>y desire2 & 7#b7 /ill m fatal influ5ces ( weal? & position & worldly conv5i5ce :i* give a factiti\s value to p]sons :o w\ld nev] appe> attractive p>tn]s 9 life 7 love & eug5ic ideals left to g h& 9 h&4 ,! eug5ic ideal1 ,dr4 ,ellis =esees1 w h to /ruggle ) ! crim9al & /ill m resolutely ) ! ri*2 x w h few s]i\s qu>rels ) normal & well-con/itut$ lov]s4 ,! po9t is an important "o4 ,to rationalize m>riage1 is out ( ! "q4 ,m>riage mu/ be ma9ly a matt] ( ! emotions2 b x is important t ! emotions be ex]t$ 9 ! "r direction4 ,! eug5i/ seeks to remove ! ob/acles t are n[ driv+ ! emotions into wrong *annels4 ,if ! emotions c only be head$ 9 ! "r direction1 !n ! m emotions ! bett]1 = !y are ! s\rce ( en]gy :i* are responsible = almo/ ev]y?+ t is done 9 ! _w4 ,!re is 9 ! _w pl5ty ( t love :i* is a matt] ( mutual s]vice & ( emotions unsway$ by any petty or sordid influ5ces2 b x ought n only to be common1 x ought to be univ]sal4 ,x is n likely to be 9 ! pres5t c5tury2 b at lea/1 ?9k+ p c consci\sly adopt an attitude ( respect t[>d love1 & consci\sly ab&on z f> z possible ! attitude ( jocul> cynicism ) :i* !y too (t5 treat x1--an attitude :i* is reflect$ s disgu/+ly 9 curr5t vaudeville & musical com$y4 ,x is ! cu/om to smile at ! extravagantly romantic idea ( love :i* ! bo>d+-s*ool girl holds2 b unrealizable z x may be1 h]s is a nobl] conception ?an t :i* ! majority ( adults voice4 ,v prop]ly1 "o does n c>e to make "o's deepe/ feel+s public2 b if su* subjects z love & mo!rhood c n be discuss$ naturally & )\t affectation1 !y ought to be left alone4 ,if intellig5t m5 & wom5 w set ! example1 ?is attitude ( m9d w spread1 & cultur$ families at lea/ w rid !mselves ( su* deplorable habits z t ( plagu+ *ildr51 n yet out ( ! nurs]y1 ab\t _! swee!>ts4 ,no sane man w\ld d5y ! desirability ( beauty 9 a wife1 p>ticul>ly :5 x is rememb]$ t beauty1 especially z det]m9$ by good complexion1 good tee? & m$ium weight1 is correlat$ ) good heal? 9 "s degree1 & likewise ) intellig5ce4 ,nev]!less1 we are /rongly ( ! op9ion t beauty ( face is n[ too highly valu$1 z a /&>d ( sexual selection4#aja ,good heal? 9 a mate is a qualification :i* any s5sible man or woman w require1 & = :i* a m>riage c]tificate is 9 mo/ cases q unnecess>y4#ajb ,:at o!r physical /&>d is !re t %\ld be giv5 weight8 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell has lately be5 emphasiz+ ! importance ( longevity 9 ?is connection1 & 9 our judgm5t he has !reby op5$ up a v fruitful field = education4 ,x goes )\t say+ t anyone w\ld pref] to m>ry a p>tn] ) a good con/itution4 ,h[ c we f9d a te/ ( a good1 s\nd con/itution8 ,dr4 ,bell ask$ 9 a rec5t lecture4 ,i ?9k we c\ld f9d x 9 ! duration ( life 9 a family4 ,take a family 9 :i* a l>ge proportion live to old age ) unimpair$ faculties4 ,!re y "k is a good con/itution 9 an inh]itable =m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y w f9d a family 9 :i* a l>ge proportion die at bir? & 9 :i* !re are relatively few p :o live to extreme old age4 ,!re has develop$ an h]$it>y weakness ( con/itution4 ,longevity is a guide to con/itution4 ,n only does x %[ t "o's vital organs are 9 good runn+ ord]1 b x is probably ! only means n[ available ( indicat+ /ra9s :i* are resi/ant to zymotic disease4 ,e>ly dea? is n necess>ily an evid5ce ( physical weakness2 b long life is a pretty good pro( ( con/itutional /r5g?4 ,dr4 ,bell has else:]e call$ att5tion to ! fact t1 longevity be+ a *>act]i/ic :i* is univ]sally consid]$ cr$itable 9 a family1 !re is no t5d5cy on ! "p ( families to conceal its exi/5ce1 z !re is 9 ! case ( unfavorable *>act]s--canc]1 tub]culosis1 insanity1 & ! l4 ,?is gives x a great advantage z a crit]ion = sexual selection1 s9ce !re w be little difficulty 9 f9d+ :e!r or n ! ance/ors ( a "y man or woman 7 long-liv$4#ajc ,k>l ,pe>son & 8 associates h %[n t !re is a t5d5cy to assortative mat+ = longevity3 t p f long-liv$ /ocks actually d m>ry p f simil> /ocks1 m frequ5tly ?an w\ld be ! case if ! mat+s 7 at r&om4 ,an increase ( ?is t5d5cy w\ld be eug5ically desirable4#ajd ,s mu* = ! physique4 ,?\gh eug5ics is popul>ly suppos$ to be conc]n$ almo/ :olly ) ! physical1 prop]ly x gives mo/ att5tion to m5tal traits1 recogniz+ t ^! are ! ones :i* mo/ frequ5tly make races /& or fall1 & t att5tion to ! physique is wor? :ile ma9ly to furni% a s\nd body 9 :i* ! s\nd m9d may function4 ,n[ m5 & wom5 may excel m5tally 9 v _m diff]5t ways1 & eug5ics1 :i* seeks n to produce a uni=m good type1 b excell5ce 9 all desirable types1 is n conc]n$ to pick out any p>ticul> sort ( m5tal sup]iority & exalt x z a /&>d = sexual selection4 ,b ! t5d5cy1 %[n 9 ,miss ,gilmore's /udy1 = m5 to pref] ! m intellig5t girls 9 second>y s*ools1 is gratify+ to ! eug5i/1 s9ce high m5tal end[m5t is pr9cipally a matt] ( h]$ity4 ,f a eug5ic po9t ( view x w\ld be well c\ld su* intellectual accompli%m5ts weigh ev5 m heavily ) ! av]age "y man1 & less weight be put on su* sup]ficial *>act]i/ics z fla%9ess1 ability to use ! late/ slang freely1 & o!r sm>t traits :i* are usually consid]$ attractive 9 a girl1 b :i* h no real value & soon become tiresome4 ,!y are n :olly bad 9 !mselves1 b c]ta9ly %\ld n influ5ce a "y man v s]i\sly 9 8 *oice ( a wife1 nor a "y woman 9 h] *oice ( a husb&4 ,x is to be fe>$ t su* /&>ds are l>gely promot$ by ! /age1 ! popul> song1 & popul> fiction4 ,9 a s5se1 ! education :i* a "y woman has receiv$ is no conc]n ( ! eug5i/1 s9ce x c n be transmitt$ to h] *ildr54 ,yet :51 z (t5 happ5s1 *ildr5 die because _! "m 0 n prop]ly tra9$ to br+ !m up1 ?is feature ( education does become a conc]n ( eug5ics4 ,"y m5 are m & m com+ to dem& t _! wives "k some?+ ab\t woman's "w1 & ?is dem& mu/ n only increase1 b mu/ be adequately met4 ,woman's education is treat$ 9 m detail 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,x is prop] to po9t out "h1 h[ev]1 t 9 _m cases woman's education gives no great opportunity to judge ( h] real intellectual ability4 ,h] natural end[m5t 9 ?is respect %\ld be judg$ also by t ( h] si/]s1 bro!rs1 p>5ts1 uncles1 aunts & gr&p>5ts4 ,if a girl comes ( an intellectual ance/ry1 x is likely t %e h]self w c>ry su* traits g]m9ally1 ev5 if %e has nev] _h an opportunity to develop !m4 ,%e c1 !n1 pass !m on to h] own *ildr54 ,francis ,galton long ago po9t$ out ! good results ( a cu/om obta9+ 9 ,g]many1 :]eby college pr(essors t5d$ to m>ry ! daught]s or si/]s ( college pr(essors4 ,a t5d5cy = m5 ( sci5ce to m>ry wom5 ( sci5tific atta9m5ts or tra9+ is m>k$ among biologi/s1 at lea/1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ! numb] ( cases 9 :i* musicians int]m>ry is /rik+4 ,su* assortative mat+ means t ! (fspr+ w usually be well end[$ ) a tal5t4 ,f9ally1 "y p %\ld be taught a great] appreciation ( ! la/+ qualities ( comrade%ip1 = :i* ! purely emotional factors t make up m]e sexual attraction are f> f (f]+ a satisfactory sub/itute4 ,x w n be out ( place "h to po9t out t a *ange 9 ! social valuation ( reputability & honor is greatly ne$$ = ! bett] work+ ( sexual selection4 ,! conspicu\s wa/e & leisure t ,?or/e9 ,vebl5 po9ts out z ! *ief crit]ion ( reputability at pres5t h a dubi\s relation to high m5tal or moral end[m5t1 f> less ?an has weal?4 ,!re is mu* left to be done to a*ieve a m]itori\s di/ribution ( weal?4 ,! fact t ! insignia ( success are too (t5 aw>d$ to trick]y1 call\sness & luck does n argue = ! abolition altoge!r ( ! f9ancial success elem5t 9 reputability1 9 favor ( a dead level ( equality su* z w\ld result f ! application ( c]ta9 communi/ic ideals4 ,di/9ctions1 rightly aw>d$1 are an aid1 n a h9drance to sexual selection1 & ef=t %\ld be direct$1 f ! eug5ic po9t ( view1 no less to ! prop] recognition ( true sup]iority ?an to ! elim9ation ( unju/ifi$ diff]5tiations ( reputability4 ,?is leads to ! consid]ation ( moral /&>ds1 & "h aga9 details are complex b ! broad outl9es cle>4 ,x seems probable t morality is to a consid]able ext5t a matt] ( h]$ity1 & ! c>e ( ! eug5i/ %\ld be to "w ) e =ce t makes = a cle> und]/&+ ( ! moral factors ( ! _w1 & to "w aga9/ e =ce t t5ds to confuse ! issues4 ,:5 ! issue is cle> cut1 mo/ p w by in/9ct t5d to m>ry into moral r ?an immoral /ocks4 ,true quality1 !n1 %\ld be emphasiz$ at ! exp5se ( false /&>ds4 ,money1 social /atus1 family alignm5t1 ?\gh indicators to "s degree1 mu/ n be tak5 too mu* at _! face value4 ,emphasis is to be plac$ on real m]it z %[n by a*ievem5t1 or on desc5t f ! m]itori\sly em95t1 :e!r or n su* em95ce has l$ to ! accumulation ( a family =tune & inclusion 9 an exclusive social set4 ,9 ?is respect1 x is important t ! value ( a high av]age ( ance/ry %\ld be realiz$4 ,a s+le case ( em95ce 9 a p$igree %\ld n weigh too heavily4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t /ati/ically "o gr&p>5t c\nts = less ?an "o-sixte5? 9 ! h]$ity ( an individual1 x w be obvi\s t ! individual ^: sole claim to consid]ation is a di/+ui%$ gr&fa!r1 is n necess>ily a matrimonial prize4 ,a g5]al high level ( morality & m5tality 9 a family is mu* m advantage\s1 f ! eug5ic po9t ( view1 ?an "o lion sev]al g5]ations back4 ,:ile we desire v /rongly to emphasize ! importance ( bre$+ & ! great value ( a good ance/ry1 x is only fair to utt] a ^w ( w>n+ 9 ?is connection4 ,good ance/ry does n necess>ily make a man or woman a desirable p>tn]4 ,:at /ockm5 "k z ! pure-br$ scrub is a recogniz$ evil 9 animal bre$+1 & n altoge!r abs5t f human society4 ,due to any "o or m ( a numb] ( causes1 x is possible = a g]m9al deg5]ate to appe> 9 a good family2 discrim9ation %\ld c]ta9ly be made aga9/ su* an individual4 ,fur!rmore1 x is possible t !re occasionally arises :at may be call$ a mutant ( v desirable "* f a eug5ic po9t ( view4 ,fur!rmore a /ock 9 g5]al bel[ m$iocrity w occasionally1 due to "s =tuit\s b =tunate comb9ation ( traits1 give rise to an individual ( m>k$ ability or ev5 em95ce1 :o w be able to transmit 9 "s degree t valuable new comb9ation ( traits to 8 or h] own prog5y4 ,p]sons ( ?is "* are to be reg>d$ by eug5i/s z di/9ctly desirable husb&s or wives4 ,! desirability ( select+ a wife 7or husb&7 f a family ( m ?an "o or two *ildr5 0 emphasiz$ by ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 & is also "o ( ! "t-honor$ traditions ( ! ,arabs1 :o h always look$ at eug5ics 9 a v practical1 if some:at cold-blood$ way4 ,x has two advantages3 9 ! fir/ place1 "o c get a bett] idea ( :at ! individual really is1 by exam9+ si/]s & bro!rs2 & 9 ! second place1 !re w be less dang] ( a *ildless m>riage1 s9ce x is already prov$ t ! individual comes ( a f]tile /ock4 ,francis ,galton %[$ cle>ly ! havoc wr\ght 9 ! ,engli% pe]age1 by m>riages ) heiresses 7an heiress !re be+ ne>ly always an only *ild74 ,su* wom5 7 *ildless 9 a mu* l>g] proportion ?an ord9>y wom54 ,m>ry+ a man to re=m him is a speculation 9 :i* _m wom5 h indulg$ & usually--x may be said )\t fe> ( contradiction--) un=tunate results4 ,x is always likely t %e w fail to re=m him2 x is c]ta9 t %e c n re=m 8 g]m-plasm4 ,psy*ologi/s agree t ! "* ( a man or woman und]goes little radical *ange aft] ! age ( #be2 & ! eug5i/ kn[s t x is l>gely det]m9$1 pot5tially1 :5 ! individual is born4 ,x is1 !re=e1 9 mo/ cases ! height ( folly to select a p>tn] ) any m>k$ undesirable trait1 ) ! idea t x w *ange aft] a few ye>s4 ,all ^! sugge/ions h 9 g5]al be5 direct$ at ! "y man or woman1 b x is admitt$ t if !y rea* _! t>get at all1 x is likely to be by an indirect r\te4 ,no rules or devices c take ! place1 9 influ5c+ sexual selection1 ( t l(ty & rational ideal ( m>riage :i* mu/ be br\ght ab\t by ! uplift+ ( public op9ion4 ,x is difficult to br+ "u ! control ( reason a subject t has s long be5 left to caprice & impulse2 yet mu* c unque/ionably be done1 9 an age ( gr[+ social responsibility1 to put m>riage 9 a tru] p]spective4 ,mu* is already be+ done1 b n 9 e case ( *ange is ! future biological welf>e ( ! race suffici5tly borne 9 m9d4 ,! int]e/s ( ! individual are too (t5 reg>d$ to ! exclusion ( po/]ity4 ,! eug5i/ w\ld n sacrifice ! individual1 b he w\ld add ! welf>e ( po/]ity to t ( ! individual1 :5 ! /&>ds ( sexual selection are be+ fix$4 ,x is only necess>y to make ! "y p]son rememb] t he w m>ry1 n m]ely an individual1 b a family2 & t n only 8 own happ9ess b to "s ext5t ! quality ( future g5]ations is be+ det]m9$ by 8 *oice4 ,we mu/ h 7#a7 ! prop] ideals ( mat+ b 7#b7 ^! ideals mu/ be realiz$4 ,x is kn[n t _m "y p h ! highe/ k9d ( ideals ( sexual selection1 & f9d !mselves q unable to act on !m4 ,! college woman may h a def9ite idea ( ! k9d ( husb& %e wants2 b if he nev] seeks h]1 %e (t5 dies celibate4 ,! "y man ( sci5ce may h an ideal bride 9 8 m9d1 b if he nev] f9ds h]1 he may f9ally m>ry 8 l&lady's daught]4 ,opportunity = sexual selection mu/ be giv51 z well z suitable /&>ds2 & :ile education is p]haps improv+ ! /&>ds ea* ye>1 x is to be fe>$ t mod]n social conditions1 especially 9 ! l>ge cities1 t5d /eadily to decrease ! opportunity4 ,/ati/ical evid5ce1 z well z common obs]vation1 indicates t ! upp] classes h a mu* wid] range ( *oice 9 m>riage ?an ! l[] classes4 ,! figures giv5 by ,k>l ,pe>son = ! degree ( resemblance betwe5 husb& & wife ) reg>d to ph?isis are s rem>kable z to be wor? quot+ 9 ?is connection3 ,all poor 4#ja ,prosp]\s poor 4#af ,middle classes 4#bd ,pr(essional classes 4#bh ,x c h>dly be argu$ t infection betwe5 husb& & wife w\ld v>y l ?is1 ev5 if infection1 9 g5]al1 c\ld be prov$4 ,moreov]1 ! lea/ resemblance is among ! poor1 :]e infection %\ld be greate/4 ,pr(essor ,pe>son ?9ks1 z seems reasonable1 t ?is s]ies ( figures indicates pr9cipally assortative mat+1 & %[s t among ! poor !re is less *oice1 ! selection ( a husb& or wife be+ m l>gely due to prop9quity or "s o!r m or less r&om factor4 ,) a rise 9 ! social scale1 opportunity = *oice ( "o f a numb] ( possible mates becomes great] & great]2 ! t5d5cy = an unconsci\s selection ( lik5ess !n has a *ance to appe>1 z ! coeffici5ts graphically %[4 ,if su* a class z ! pe]age ( ,great ,brita9 be consid]$1 x is evid5t t ! range ( *oice 9 m>riage is almo/ unlimit$4 ,!re are few girls :o c resi/ ! glamor ( a title4 ,! h]$it>y pe] c !re=e m>ry almo/ anyone he likes & if he does n m>ry "o ( 8 own class he c select & 7until rec5tly7 usually has select$ ! daught] ( "s man :o by di/+ui%$ ability has ris5 f a l[] social or f9ancial position4 ,?us ! h]$it>y nobilities ( ,europe h be5 able to ma9ta9 !mselves2 & a simil> process is und\bt$ly tak+ place among ! idle ri* :o occupy an analog\s position 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b x is ! desire ( eug5ics to raise ! av]age ability ( ! :ole population1 z well z to enc\rage ! production ( lead]s4 ,to fulfill ?is desire1 x is obvi\s t "o ( ! necess>y means is to ext5d to all desirable classes t range ( *oice :i* is n[ possess$ only by ^? ne> ! top ( ! social ladd]4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to urge "y p to wid5 ! range ( _! acqua9tance1 = !y w d x )\t urg+ if ! opportunity is pres5t$ to !m4 ,x is highly necess>y = p>5ts1 & = organizations & municipalities1 delib]ately to seek to fur!r e means :i* w br+ unm>ri$ "y p toge!r "u prop] sup]vision4 ,social work]s h already p]ceiv$ ! ne$ ( in/itutional z well z municipal action on ^! l9es1 al?\gh !y h n 9 e case recogniz$ ! eug5ic aspect1 & f _! ef=ts x is probable t suitable in/itutions1 su* z social c5t]s & recreation pi]s1 & municipal dance halls1 w be greatly multipli$4 ,x is an enc\rag+ sign to see su* items z ?is f a ,wa%+ton newspap]3 ,! ,mod]n ,danc+ ,club ( ! ,m>g>et ,wilson ,social ,c5t] gave a masqu]ade ball at ! ,grov] ,clevel& s*ool la/ night1 :i* 0 att5d$ by ab\t #ajj c\ples4 ,/ill m promis+ are su* in/itutions z ! self-support+ ,ink[a camp = "y wom51 at ,gre5wood ,lake1 ,n4 ,j41 conduct$ by a committee ( :i* ,miss ,anne ,morgan is presid5t1 & direct$ by ,miss ,grace ,p>k]4 ,ne> x is a simil> camp1 ,ke*uka1 = "y m51 & dur+ ! summ] bo? are full ( "y p f ,new ,york ,city4 ,a newspap] acc\nt says3 ,!re is no *>ity1 no philan?ropy1 no subsidy connect$ ) ,camp ,ink[a4 ,its memb]s are successful bus9ess wom51 :o e>n f #ae to #be a week4 ,bo>d 9 ! camp is #i a week4 ,s e girl :o goes !re = a vacation has ! com=table feel+ t %e pays h] way fully4 ,?is rate includes all ! activities ( camp life4 ,ar*itects1 doctors1 lawy]s1 bookkeep]s1 bank cl]ks1 "y bus9ess m5 ( _m k9ds are ! gue/s ( ,ke*uka4 ,next week #bh "y m5 f ! ,national ,city ,bank w beg9 _! vacations !re4 ,ink[a includes "y wom5 tea*]s1 /5ograph]s1 libr>ians1 private secret>ies & girls do+ cl]ical "w = insurance companies & o!r simil> bus9ess in/itutions4 ,saturday & ,sunday are at home days at ,camp ,ink[a & ! "y m5 f ,ke*uka may come to call on ! ,ink[a girls1 p>ticipate ) !m 9 ! day's hike or g on ! moonlight cruise ar\nd ! lake if !re happ5s to be "o4 ,"y m5 & wom5 ne$ clean1 heal?y association ) ea* o!r1 ,miss ,p>k] told me ye/]day1 :5 ,i sp5t ! day at ,camp ,ink[a4 ,social work]s 9 ,new ,york city ask me sometimes1 ',h[ d>e y put "y m5 & wom5 9 camps s ne> to ea* o!r8' ,h[ d>e y n d x8 ,no plan ( recreation or out-(-door life :i* does n include ! heal?y association ( m5 & woman c be a success4 ,"y m5 & wom5 ne$ ea* o!r's society4 ,& if y get ! "r k9d !y won't abuse _! fre$om4 ,! *ur*es h be5 important in/rum5ts 9 ?is connection1 & ! wor? ( _! s]vices c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$1 z !y t5d to br+ toge!r "y p ( simil> ta/es &1 9 g5]al1 ( a sup]ior "*4 ,su* organizations z ! ,"y ,p's ,society ( ,*ri/ian ,endeavor s]ve ! eug5ic end 9 a satisfactory way2 x is almo/ ! unanim\s op9ion ( compet5t obs]v]s t mat*es made 9 ! *ur* turn out well4 ,"s idea ( ! importance ( ! *ur*es may be ga!r$ f a c5sus :i* ,f4 ,o4 ,george ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh made ( #ge m>ri$ c\ples ( 8 acqua9tance1 ask+ !m :]e !y fir/ met ea* o!r4 ,! answ]s 73 ,*ur* #cb ,s*ool 7only #c at college7 #ai ,private home #ag ,dance #g -- #ge ,^! results ne$ n be ?\ght typical ( m ?an a small "p ( ! c\ntry's population1 yet !y %[ h[ f>-rea*+ ! influ5ce ( ! *ur* may be on sexual selection4 ,q ap>t f altrui/ic motives1 ! *ur*es might well enc\rage social affairs :]e ! "y p c\ld meet1 because to d s is "o ( ! sure/ way ( p]petuat+ ! *ur*4 ,an increase 9 ! numb] ( non-sect>ian bisexual societies1 clubs & simil> organizations1 & a dim9ution ( ! numb] ( ^? limit$ to m5 or to wom5 alone is greatly to be desir$4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 & ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a4 are1 :ile sep>at$1 z useful to society z !y might be4 ,ea* ( !m t5ds to create a celibate community1 :]e ! *ance = meet+ possible mates is practically nil4 ,! m5's organization has made1 s f> z we are aw>e1 little organiz$ attempt to meet ?is problem4 ,! wom5's organization 9 "s cities has made ! attempt1 b app>5tly ) indiff]5t success4 ,! idea ( a m]g] ( ! two organizations ) reasonable diff]5tiation z well w\ld probably meet ) little approval f _! directors j n[1 b is wor? consid]+ z an answ] to ! urg5t problem ( provid+ social contacts = "y p 9 l>ge cities4 ,x is enc\rag+ t ?\ghtful p 9 all walks ( life are beg9n+ to realize ! s]i\sness ( ?is problem ( contacts = ! "y1 & ! necessity ( f9d+ "s solution4 ,! noveli/ ,miss ,m>ia ,?ompson ,davies ( ,sweetbri> ,f>m1 ,madison1 ,t5n41 is quot$ 9 a rec5t newspap] int]view z say+3 ,i'm a ,wellesley woman1 b "o reason :y ,i'm dead aga9/ wom5's colleges is because !y %ut girls up ) wom51 at ! mo/ impressionable p]iod ( ! girls' lives1 :5 !y %\ld be meet+ memb]s ( ! opposite sex cont9ually1 le>n+ to tol]ate _! little weaknesses & gett+ ready to m>ry !m4 ,! city %\ld make arrangem5ts to *ap]on ! meet+s ( its "y citiz5s4 ,!re ought to be municipal ga!r+ places :]e1 "u ! sup]vision ( tactful1 w>m-he>t$ wom5--!mselves successfully m>ri$--girls & "y m5 might get introduc$ to ea* o!r & might get acqua9t$4 ,if x is ?\ght t ! "t has n yet come = su* municipal action1 !re is c]ta9ly pl5ty ( opportunity = action by ! p>5ts1 relatives & fri5ds ( "y p]sons4 ,! mat*-mak+ proclivities ( "s mo!rs are matt]s ( curr5t je/3 :]e subtly & wisely done !y might bett] be tak5 s]i\sly & held up z examples wor?y ( imitation4 ,=mal full dress social functions = "y p1 :]e acqua9tance is likely to be too p]functory1 %\ld be disc\rag$1 & %\ld give place to in=mal dances1 bea* p>ties1 h\se p>ties & ! l1 :]e boys & girls w h a *ance to come to "k ea* o!r1 &1 at ! prop] age1 to fall 9 love4 ,let social /ratification be n too rigid1 yet ma9ta9$ on ! basis ( intr9sic wor? r ?an solely on f9ancial or social position4 ,if p>5ts w make x a matt] ( conc]n to give _! boys & girls z _m desirable acqua9tances ( ! opposite sex z possible1 & to give !m opportunity = rip5+ ^! acqua9tances1 ! problem ( ! improvem5t ( sexual selection w be greatly help$4 ,"y p f homes :]e su* social advantages c n be giv51 or 9 l>ge cities :]e home life is = mo/ ( !m non-exi/5t1 mu/ become ! conc]n ( ! municipality1 ! *ur*es1 & e in/itution & organization t has ! welf>e ( ! community & ! race at he>t4 ,to sum up ?is *apt]1 we h po9t$ out ! importance ( sexual selection1 & %[n t its eug5ic action dep5ds on "y p hav+ ! prop] ideals1 & be+ able to live up to ^! ideals4 ,eug5i/s h 9 ! pa/ devot$ !mselves p]haps too exclusively to ! inculcation ( s\nd ideals1 )\t giv+ adequate att5tion to ! possibility ( ^! high /&>ds be+ act$ ^u4 ,"o ( ! greate/ problems confront+ eug5ics is t ( giv+ "y p ( m>riageable age a great] range ( *oice4 ,mu* c\ld be done by organiz$ action2 b x is "o ( ! hopeful features ( ! problem t x c be h&l$ 9 l>ge "p by intellig5t individual action4 ,if old] p w\ld make a consci\s ef=t to help "y p wid5 _! circles ( suitable acqua9tances1 !y w\ld make a valuable contribution to race bett]m5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,increas+ ,,! ,,m>riage ,,rate ,,( ,,! ,,sup]ior ,no race c long survive unless x con=ms to ! pr9ciples ( eug5ics1 & indisputably ! *ief requirem5t = race survival is t ! sup]ior "p ( ! race %\ld equal or surpass ! inf]ior "p 9 fecundity4 ,x foll[s t ! sup]ior memb]s ( ! community mu/ m>ry1 & at a reasonably e>ly age4 ,if 9 ! be/ elem5ts ( ! community celibacy increases1 or if m>riage is po/pon$ f> into ! reproductive p]iod1 ! racial contribution ( ! sup]ior w necess>ily fall1 & aft] a few g5]ations ! race w consi/ ma9ly ( ! desc5dants ( inf]ior p1 its eug5ic av]age be+ !reby mu* l[]$4 ,9 a survey ( vital /ati/ics1 to asc]ta9 :e!r m>riages are z frequ5t & z e>ly z national welf>e requires1 ! eug5i/ f9ds at fir/ no p>ticul>ly al>m+ figures4 ,9 ,france1 to ^: vital /ati/ics "o naturally turns :5ev] race suicide is sugge/$ 7& usually ) a holi]-?an-?\ attitude :i* ! ,fr5*man might mu* m correctly assume t[>d ,am]ica71 x appe>s t !re has be5 a v slight decrease 9 ! proportion ( p]sons "u #bj :o are m>ri$1 b t betwe5 ! ages ( #bj & #cj ! proportion ( ^? m>ri$ has ris5 dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,! same condition exi/s all ov] ,europe1 accord+ to ,f4 ,h4 ,hank9s1#aje except 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,moreov] on ! :ole m>riages take place e>li] 9 ,france ?an 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many or ,am]ica4 ,nor is ?is all1 = a l>g] proportion ( ! ,fr5* population is m>ri$ ?an 9 any ( ^! c\ntries4 ,?us ! bir?-rate 9 ,france has cont9u$ to fall 9 spite ( ^? v conditions :i* %\ld h su/a9$ x or ev5 caus$ x to increase4 ,9 ,am]ica1 conditions are n dissimil>4 ,al?\gh x is g5]ally believ$ t "y p]sons are m>ry+ at a lat] age ?an !y did =m]ly1 ! c5sus figures %[ t = ! population z a :ole ! rev]se is ! case4 ,m>riages are n only m num]\s1 b are contract$ at e>li] ages ?an !y 7 a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,comp>ison ( c5sus returns = #ahij1 #aijj & #aiaj1 reveals t = bo? sexes ! p]c5tage ( m>ri$ has /eadily increas$ & ! p]c5tage li/$ z s+le has z /eadily decreas$4 ,! c5sus classifies "y m51 = ?is purpose1 9 ?ree age-gr\ps3 #ae-ai1 #bj-bd1 & #be-cd2 & 9 e "o ( ^! gr\ps1 a l>g] proportion 0 m>ri$ 9 #aiaj ?an 9 #aijj or #ahij4 ,conditions are ! same = wom54 ,s f> z ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a :ole is conc]n$1 !re=e1 m>riage is nei!r be+ avoid$ altoge!r1 nor po/pon$ unduly1--9 fact1 conditions 9 bo? respects seem to be improv+ e ye>4 ,s f> ! f9d+s %\ld gratify e eug5i/4 ,b ! c5sus returns p]mit fur!r analysis ( ! figures4 ,!y classify ! population "u f\r head+s3 ,native ,:ite ( ,native ,p>5tage1 ,native ,:ite ( ,=eign ,p>5tage or ( ,mix$ ,p>5tage1 ,=eign-born ,:ite1 & ,negro4 ,except among ,=eign-born ,:ites1 :o are /&+ /ill1 ! returns = #aiaj %[ t 9 e "o ( ^! gr\ps ! m>riage rate has /eadily increas$ dur+ ! pa/ ?ree decades2 & t ! age ( m>riage is /eadily decl9+ 9 all gr\ps dur+ ! same p]iod1 ) a slight irregul>ity ( no real importance 9 ! /ati/ics = =eign-born males4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 ! m>riage /ati/ics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are reassur+4 ,ev5 if exam9ation is limit$ to ! ,native ,:ites ( ,native ,p>5tage1 :o are probably ( great] eug5ic wor?1 z a gr\p1 ?an any ( ! o!r ?ree1 ! m>riage rate is f\nd to be mov+ 9 ! "r direction4 ,b go+ a /ep f>!r1 "o f9ds t )9 ?is gr\p !re are great irregul>ities1 :i* d n appe> :5 ! gr\p is consid]$ z a :ole4 ,& ^! irregul>ities are ( a nature to give ! eug5i/ grave conc]n4 ,if "o s\ght1 = example1 to f9d a gr\p ( wom5 di/9ctly sup]ior to ! av]age1 he might safely take ! college graduates4 ,_! sup]ior quality z a class lies 9 ! facts t3 7a7 ,!y h surviv$ ! we$+-out process ( gramm> & high s*ool1 & ! repeat$ elim9ation by exam9ations 9 college4 7b7 ,!y h p]sev]$1 aft] ^? ) less m5tal ability h gr[n tir$ ( ! /ra9 & h volunt>ily dropp$ out4 7c7 ,"s h ev5 =c$ _! way to college aga9/ great ob/acles1 because attract$ by ! opportunities x (f]s !m = m5tal activity4 7d7 ,"s h gone to college because _! excell5ce has be5 discov]$ by tea*]s or o!rs :o h /rongly urg$ x4 ,all ^! attributes c n be m]ely acquir$1 b mu/ be 9 "s degree inh]5t4 ,fur!rmore1 ^! girls are n only sup]ior 9 !mselves1 b are ord9>ily f sup]ior p>5ts1 because 7a7 ,_! p>5ts h 9 mo/ cases cop]at$ by desir+ ?is high] education = _! daught]s4 7b7 ,! p>5ts h 9 mo/ cases _h suffici5t economic effici5cy to be able to af=d a college c\rse = _! daught]s4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ! numb] ( college wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n great1 _! value eug5ically is :olly disproportionate to _! numb]s4 ,if m>riage )9 su* a select$ class z ?is is be+ avoid$1 or greatly po/pon$1 ! eug5i/ c n help feel+ conc]n$4 ,& ! fir/ glance at ! /ati/ics gives adequate gr\nd = uneas9ess4 ,take ! figures = ,wellesley ,college1 = in/ance3 ,/atus 9 fall ( #aiab ,graduates ,all /ud5ts ,p] c5t m>ri$ 7graduat$ #ahgi-ahhh7 #ee #fj ,p] c5t m>ri$ 93 #aj ye>s f graduation #ce #cg #bj ye>s f graduation #dh #di ,f a racial /&po9t1 ! significant m>riage rate ( any gr\p ( wom5 is ! p]c5tage t h m>ri$ be=e ! end ( ! *ild-be>+ p]iod4 ,classes graduat+ lat] ?an #ahhh are !re=e n includ$1 & ! record %[s ! m>ital /atus 9 ! fall ( #aiab4 ,9 compil+ ^! data deceas$ memb]s & ! few lo/ f record are ( c\rse omitt$4 ,9 ! =ego+ /udy c>e 0 tak5 to di/+ui% z to :5 ! m>riage took place4 ,obvi\sly m>riages ) ! wom5 at #de or ov] be+ /]ile mu/ n be c\nt$ :]e x is ! fecundity ( ! m>riage t is be+ /udi$4 ,! read] is w>n$ !re=e to make any necess>y correction = ?is factor 9 ! /udies to foll[ 9 "s ( :i* un=tunately c>e has n be5 tak5 to make ! necess>y di/9ction4 ,turn to ,m\nt ,holyoke ,college1 ! olde/ ( ! great in/itutions = ! high] education ( wom5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,pr(essor ,amy ,hewes has collect$ ! foll[+ data3 ,decade ( graduation ,p] c5t rema9+ s+le ,p] c5t m>ry+ #ahdb-ahdi #ad4f #he4d #ahej-ahei #bd4e #ge4e #ahfj-ahfi #ci4a #fj4i #ahgj-ahgi #dj4f #ei4d #ahhj-ahhi #db4d #eg4f #ahij-ahib #ej4j #ej4j ,bryn ,mawr ,college1 betwe5 #ahhh & #aijj1 graduat$ #cgf girls1 ( :om #afe1 or #dc4i1 _h m>ri$ up to ,janu>y #a1 #aiac4 ,/udy+ ! ,vass> ,college graduates betwe5 #ahfg & #ahib1 ,rob]t ,j4 ,sprague f\nd t #eji ( ! total ( #iei _h m>ri$1 leav+ #dg celibate4 ,add+ ! classes up to #aijj1 x 0 f\nd t less ?an half ( ! total numb] ( graduates ( ! in/itution _h m>ri$4 ,rememb]+ :at a select$ gr\p ( "y wom5 g to college1 ! eug5i/ c h>dly help suspect+ t ! wom5's colleges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z at pres5t conduct$1 are f 8 po9t ( view do+ great h>m to ! race4 ,?is suspicion becomes a c]ta9ty1 z "o inve/igation aft] ano!r %[s ! same results4 ,/ati/ics compil$ on m>riages among college wom5 7#aija7 %[$ t3 #de ( college wom5 m>ry be=e ! age ( #dj4 #ij ( all ,unit$ ,/ates wom5 m>ry be=e ! age ( #dj4 #if ( ,arkansas wom5 m>ry be=e ! age ( #dj4 #hj ( ,massa*usetts wom5 m>ry be=e ! age ( #dj4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 x is fur!r to be not$1 #cj ( all wom5 h m>ri$ at ! age :5 college wom5 are j graduat+4 ,x has1 moreov]1 be5 demon/rat$ t ! wom5 :o belong to ,phi ,beta ,kappa & o!r honor societies1 & !re=e repres5t a second selection f an already select$ class1 h a l[] m>riage rate ?an college wom5 9 g5]al4 ,9 reply to su* facts1 ! eug5i/ is (t5 told t ! college graduates m>ry z (t5 & z e>ly z ! o!r memb]s ( _! families4 ,we are comp>+ conditions t c n prop]ly be comp>$1 we are in=m$1 :5 we mat* ! college woman's m>riage rate ) t ( a non-college woman :o comes f a l[] level ( society4 ,b ! facts w n be> out ?is apology4 ,miss ,m4 ,r4 ,smi?'s /ati/ics#ajf f ! data ( ! ,collegiate ,alumn %[ ! true situation4 ,! av]age age at m>riage 0 f\nd to be = ,ye>s ,college wom5 #bf4c ,_! si/]s #bd4b ,_! c\s9s #bd4g ,_! fri5ds #bd4b & ! age di/ribution ( ^? m>ri$ 0 z foll[s3 ,equival5t ,p]c5tage ( m>ri$ ,college non-college ,"u #bc ye>s #h4f #cj4a #bc-cb ye>s #hc4b #fd4i #cc & ov] #h4j #e4j ,illu/ration3 ,wellesley ,graduates & ,non-graduates ,,fig4 #cf4--;,graph %[+ at a glance ! record ( ! /ud5t body 9 reg>d to m>riage & bir? rates1 dur+ ! ye>s indicat$4 ,/ati/ics = ! late/ ye>s h n be5 compil$1 because x is obvi\s t girls :o graduat$ dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s /ill h a *ance to m>ry & become mo!rs4 ,if ^! diff]5ces did n br+ ab\t any *ange 9 ! bir?-rate1 !y c\ld be neglect$4 ,a slight sacrifice might ev5 be made1 = ! sake ( hav+ mo!rs bett] prep>$4 ,b tak5 9 connection ) ! bir?-rate figures :i* we %all pres5t 9 ! next *apt]1 !y =m a s]i\s indictm5t aga9/ ! wom5's colleges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,su* conditions are n :olly conf9$ to wom5's colleges1 or to any "o geographical area4 ,miss ,hel5 ,d4 ,murphey has compil$ ! /ati/ics = ,wa%+ton ,sem9>y1 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,p5nsylvania1 a second>y s*ool = wom51 f\nd$ 9 #ahcg4 ,! m>riage rate among ! graduates ( ?is in/itution has /eadily decl9$1 z is %[n 9 ! foll[+ table :]e ! records are consid]$ by decades3 '#de '#ee '#fe '#ge '#he '#ie '#jj ,p] c5t4 m>ri$ #gh #gd #fg #gb #ei #eg #ee ,p] c5t4 :o h gone into #bj #ac #ab #ai #cj #cj #ci o!r occupations ?an home-mak+ ,a graph1 plott$ to %[ h[ soon aft] graduation ^! girls h m>ri$1 demon/rates t ! greate/ numb] ( !m w$ five or six ye>s aft] receiv+ _! diplomas1 b t ! numb] ( ^? m>ry+ #aj ye>s aft]w>d is n v mu* less ?an t ( ! girls :o become brides 9 ! fir/ or second ye> aft] graduation 7see ,fig4 #ce74 ,c4 ,s4 ,ca/le's inve/igation#ajg ( ! ages at :i* em95t wom5 ( v>i\s p]iods h m>ri$1 is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection1 9 spite ( ! small numb] ( individuals ) :i* x deals3 ,c5tury ,av]age age ,range ,numb] ( cases #ab #af4b #h-cj #e #ac #af4f #ab-bi #e #ad #ac4h #f-ah #aa #ae #ag4f #ac-bf #bj #af #ba4g #ab-ej #bh #ag #bj4j #ac-dc #cj #ah #bc4a #ac-ec #abg #ai #bf4b #ae-fg #ahi ,wom5 9 co$ucational colleges1 p>ticul>ly ! great univ]sities ( ! we/1 c n be comp>$ )\t corrections ) ! wom5 ( ! ea/]n sep>ate colleges1 because !y repres5t diff]5t family & environm5tal selection4 ,_! record none ! less des]ves c>eful /udy4 ,miss ,%9n#ajh calculat$ ! m>riage rate ( college wom5 z foll[s1 assum+ graduation at ! age ( #bb3 ,wom5 ov] ,co$ucat$ ,sep>ate #be #ch4a #bi4f #cj #di4a #dj4a #ce #ec4f #df4f #dj #ef4i #ea4h ,%e has %[n t only a "p ( ?is discrepancy is attributable to ! geographic diff]5ce1 "s ( x is ! effect ( lack ( co-education4 ,"s ( x is also attributable to ! type ( education4 ,! m>riage rate ( wom5 graduates ( ,i[a ,/ate ,college#aji is z foll[s3 #ahgb-ha #ie4h #ahhb-ia #fb4e #ahib-ja #ga4b #aijb-jf #fi4j ,/udy ( ! alumni regi/] ( ,ob]l91#aaj "o ( ! olde/ co$ucational in/itutions1 %[s t ! m>riage rate ( wom5 graduates1 #ahhd-aije1 0 #fe4b1 only #cd4h ( !m rema9+ unm>ri$4 ,if ! lat] p]iod1 #ahij-aije1 alone is tak51 only #ee4b ( ! girls h m>ri$4 ,! figures = ! la/ few classes 9 ?is p]iod are probably n complete4 ,at ,kansas ,/ate ,agricultural ,college1 #ahhe-aije1 #fg4f ( ! wom5 graduates h m>ri$4 ,at ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity 9 ! same p]iod1 ! p]c5tage is only #ed4j4 ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity1 #ahgj-aije1 %[s a p]c5tage ( #ea4h1 ! figures = ! la/ five ye>s ( t p]iod be+3 #aija #cc4i #aijb #eb4i #aijc #de4a #aijd #cb4c #aije #cg4d ,f alumni records ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 #ed ( ! wom51 #ahhj-aije1 are f\nd to be m>ri$4 ,x is difficult to discuss ^! figures )\t ext5sive /udy ( ea* case4 ,b t only #ec ( ! wom5 graduates ( ?ree great univ]sities l ,ill9ois1 ,ohio & ,wiscons91 %\ld be m>ri$1 #aj ye>s aft] graduation1 indicates t some?+ is wrong4 ,9 mo/ cases x is n possible to tell1 f ! alumni records ( ! above colleges1 :e!r ! male graduates are or are n m>ri$4 ,b ! class li/s ( ,h>v>d & ,yale h rec5tly be5 c>efully /udi$ by ,john ,c4 ,phillips1#aaa :o f9ds t 9 ! p]iod #ahea-ahij #gd ( ! ,h>v>d graduates & #gh ( ! ,yale graduates m>ri$4 ,9 t p]iod1 he f\nd1 ! age ( m>riage has advanc$ only ab\t #a ye>1 f a little ov] #cj to j ab\t #ca4 ,?is is a mu* high] rate ?an t ( college wom54 ,/ati/ics f ,/an=d ,univ]sity#aab (f] an int]e/+ comp>ison because !y are available = bo? m5 & wom54 ,( #fgj male graduates1 classes #ahib to #aijj1 inclusive1 #dij or #gc4b 7 report$ z m>ri$ 9 #aiaj4 ,( #ccj wom51 #afj or #dh4e 7 m>ri$4 ,^! figures are n complete1 z "s ( ! graduates 9 ! lat] classes mu/ h m>ri$ s9ce #aiaj4 ,! conditions exi/+ at ,/an=d are likewise f\nd at ,syracuse1 on ! opposite side ( ! cont95t4 ,"h1 z ,h4 ,j4 ,bank] has %[n1#aac ! m5 graduates m>ry mo/ frequ5tly #d4e ye>s aft] tak+ _! degrees1 & ! wom5 #d4g ye>s4 ,( ! wom5 #eg m>ry1 ( ! m5 #ha4 ,! wom5 m>ry at ! av]age age ( #bg4g ye>s & ! m5 at #bh4h4 ,less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! m>ry+ m5 m>ri$ wom5 )9 ! college4 ,! la/ five decades he /udi$ %[ a /eady decrease 9 ! numb] ( wom5 graduates :o m>ry1 :ile ! m5 are mu* m con/ant4 ,8 figures are3 ,p] c5t ( m5 ,p] c5t ( wom5 ,decade graduates graduates m>ri$ m>ri$ #aheb-fa #ha #hg #ahfb-ga #hg #hg #ahgb-ha #ij #ha #ahhb-ia #hd #ee #ahib-ja #gc #dh ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 look+ at ! record ( 8 own classmates at ,h>v>d1 f\nd#aad 9 #aiji t among ! #cbh orig9al memb]s !re 7 #bhg surviv+1 ( :om ne>ly a ?ird 7#ca7 _h nev] m>ri$4 ,( ^! 7#bhg71 he cont9ues1 #bf 7 9 ',:o's ,:o 9 ,am]ica8' ,we %\ld expect1 7 success 9 pr(essional life promot$ by ba*elor%ip1 to f9d some?+ ov] a ?ird ( ^? 9 ,:o's ,:o to be unm>ri$4 ,actually all b two1 or less ?an #h1 7 m>ri$1 & "o ( ^! has s9ce m>ri$4 ,! only /ill unm>ri$ man 0 a tempor>y memb] ( ! class & is an arti/ :o has resid$ = a l>ge "p ( ! "t 9 ,europe4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no reason to believe t ba*elor%ip favors pr(essional success4 ,p>ticul>ly p]nici\s 9 t5d+ to prev5t m>riage is ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 pr(essional s*ools1 "s ( :i* h come to require a college degree = entrance4 ,9 su* a case ! aspir+ physician1 = example1 c h>dly hope to obta9 a lic5se to practice until he has rea*$ ! age ( #bg s9ce #d ye>s are requir$ 9 ,m$ical ,college & #a ye> 9 a hospital4 ,8 m>riage mu/ 9 almo/ e case be po/pon$ until a numb] ( ye>s aft] t ( ! "y m5 ( 8 own class :o h foll[$ bus9ess c>e]s4 ,?is brief survey is en\gh to prove t ! be/ educat$ "y wom5 7& to a less ext5t "y m57 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o = _m reasons may be consid]$ sup]ior1 are 9 _m cases avoid+ m>riage altoge!r1 & 9 o!r cases po/pon+ x long] ?an is desirable4 ,! wom5 9 ! sep>ate colleges ( ! ,ea/ h ! wor/ record 9 ?is respect1 b t ( ! wom5 graduates ( "s ( ! co$ucational s*ools leaves mu* to be desir$4 ,x is difficult to sep>ate ! causes :i* result 9 a po/ponem5t ( m>riage1 f ^? t result 9 a total avoidance ( m>riage4 ,to a l>ge ext5t ! causes are ! same1 & ! result diff]s only 9 degree4 ,! effect ( absolute celibacy ( sup]ior p1 f a eug5ic po9t ( view1 is ( c\rse obvi\s to all1 b ! racial effect ( po/ponem5t ( m>riage1 ev5 = a few ye>s1 is n always s cle>ly realiz$4 ,! diagram 9 ,fig4 #cf may give a cle>] appreciation ( ?is situation4 ,francis ,galton cle>ly p]ceiv$ ! importance ( ?is po9t1 & attempt$ 9 sev]al ways to arrive at a j idea ( x4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( 8 inve/igations is bas$ on ,dr4 ,duncan's /ati/ics f a mat]nity hospital4 ,divid+ ! mo!rs into five-ye> gr\ps1 accord+ to _! age1 & /at+ ! m$ian age ( ! gr\p = ! sake ( simplicity1 in/ead ( giv+ ! limits1 he arriv$ at ! foll[+ table3 ,age ( "m at ,approximate av]age h] m>riage f]tility #ag #i4jj--f #a4e #bb #g4ej--e #a4e #bg #f4jj--d #a4e #cb #d4ej--c #a4e :i* %[s t ! relative f]tility ( mo!rs m>ri$ at ! ages ( #ag1 #bb1 #bg & #cb1 respectively1 is z #f1 #e1 #d1 & #c approximately4 ,! increase 9 population by a habit ( e>ly m>riages1 he adds1 is fur!r augm5t$ by ! great] rapidity ) :i* ! g5]ations foll[ ea* o!r4 ,by ! jo9t effect ( ^! two causes1 a l>ge effect is 9 "t produc$4 ,c]ta9ly ! object ( eug5ics is n to m]ely increase human numb]s4 ,quality is m important ?an quantity 9 a bir?-rate4 ,b x mu/ be evid5t t o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a gr\p :i* m>ries e>ly w1 aft] a numb] ( g5]ations1 supplant a gr\p :i* m>ries ev5 a few ye>s lat]4 ,& !re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t "s ( ! be/ elem5ts ( ! old1 :ite1 ,am]ican race are be+ rapidly elim9at$ f ! population ( ,am]ica1 because ( po/ponem5t or avoidance ( m>riage4 ,tak+ ! m5 alone1 we f9d t failure to m>ry may (t5 be ascrib$ to "o ( ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,! cultivation ( a ta/e = sexual v>iety & a consequ5t unwill+ness to submit to ! re/ra9ts ( m>riage4 #b4 ,pessimism 9 reg>d to wom5 f premature or un=tunate sex exp]i5ces4 #c4 ,infection by v5]eal disease4 #d4 ,defici5cy 9 normal sexual feel+1 or p]v]sion4 #e4 ,defici5cy ( "o k9d or ano!r1 physical or m5tal1 caus+ difficulty 9 gett+ an acceptable mate4 ,! p]sons 9 gr\ps #d & #e c]ta9ly & 9 gr\ps #a1 #b1 & #c probably to a less ext5t1 are inf]ior1 & _! celibacy is an advantage to ! race1 r ?an a disadvantage1 f a eug5ic po9t ( view4 ,_! inf]iority is 9 "p ! result ( bad environm5t4 ,b s9ce innate inf]iority is s frequ5tly a l>ge factor1 ! bad environm5t (t5 be+ exp]i5c$ only because ! nature 0 inf]ior to />t )1 ! av]age ( ! gr\p z a :ole mu/ be consid]$ innately inf]ior4 ,!n !re are among celibate m5 two o!r classes1 l>gely sup]ior by nature3 #f4 ,^? :o seek "s o!r end s ard5tly t !y w n make ! necess>y sacrifice 9 money & fre$om1 9 ord] to m>ry4 #g4 ,^? ^: likelihood ( e>ly m>riage is r$uc$ by a prolong$ education & appr5tice%ip4 ,prolongation ( ! celibate p]iod (t5 results 9 life-long celibacy4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important means ( rem$y+ ! above conditions1 9 s f> z !y are dysg5ic1 c be gr\p$ "u ?ree g5]al heads3 #a4 ,try to lead all "y m5 to avoid a loose sexual life & v5]eal disease4 ,a g5]al ef=t w be he$$ m by ! sup]ior ?an by ! inf]ior4 #b4 ,hold up ! rle ( husb& & fa!r z p>ticul>ly honorable1 & proclaim its %irk+1 )\t adequate cause1 z di%onorable4 ,depict x z a happi] & heal?i] /ate ?an celibacy or pseudo-celibacy4 ,= a man to say he has nev] met a girl he c love simply means he has n dilig5tly s\ght "o1 or else he has a defici5t emotional equipm5t2 = !re are _m1 surpris+ly _m1 e/imable1 attractive1 unm>ri$ wom54 #c4 ,cease prolong+ ! educational p]iod pa/ ! e>ly tw5ties4 ,x is "t to call a halt on ! s*ools & univ]sities1 ^: con/ant l5g!n+ ( ! educational p]iod w result 9 a s]i\s loss to ! race4 ,ext]nal circum/ances ( an educational nature %\ld n be all[$ to =ce a "y man to po/pone 8 m>riage pa/ ! age ( #be4 ,?is means t /ud5ts mu/ be all[$ to specialize e>li]4 ,if !re is ne$ ( limit+ ! numb] ( c&idates1 competitive entrance exam9ations may be arrang$ on "s rational basis4 ,sup]ior "y m5 %\ld m>ry1 ev5 at "s co/ to _! e>ly effici5cy4 ,! high effici5cy ( any pr(ession c be m safely kept up by dem&+ a m9imum am\nt ( cont9uation "w 9 aft]noon1 ev5+1 or seasonal classes1 laboratories1 or cl9ics4 ,no m graduate fell[%ips %\ld be e/abli%$ until ^? n[ exi/+ c>ry a /ip5d adequate = m>riage4 ,^? :i* already c>ry l>g] /ip5ds %\ld n be limit$ to ba*elors1 z are ! mo/ valuable aw>ds at ,pr9ceton1 ! t5 ye>ly ,proctor fell[%ips ( #a1jjj ea*4 ,! causes ( ! rem>kable failure ( college wom5 to m>ry c n be exhau/ively inve/igat$ "h1 b = ! purposes ( eug5ics !y may be r\ghly classifi$ z unavoidable & avoidable4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ mu/ be plac$ ^? girls :o are inh]5tly unm>riageable1 ei!r because ( physical defect or1 m frequ5tly1 m5tal defect1--mo/ (t5 an ov]-developm5t ( intellect at ! exp5se ( ! emotions1 :i* makes a girl ei!r unattractive to m51 or incl9es h] t[>d a celibate c>e] & away f m>riage & mo!rhood4 ,op9ions diff] z to ! proportion ( college girls :o are inh]5tly unm>riageable4 ,anyone :o has be5 mu* among !m w te/ify t a l>ge proportion ( !m are n inh]5tly unm>riageable1 h[ev]1 & _! celibacy = ! mo/ "p mu/ be classifi$ z avoidable4 ,_! failure to m>ry may be because 7#a7 ,!y desire n to m>ry1 due to a pref]5ce = a c>e]1 or developm5t ( a cynical attitude t[>d m5 & matrimony1 due to a faulty education1 or 7#b7 ,!y desire to m>ry1 b d n1 = a v>iety ( reasons su* z3 7a7 ,!y are educat$ = c>e]s1 su* z s*ool-tea*+1 :]e !y h little opportunity to meet m54 7b7 ,_! education makes !m less desirable mates ?an girls :o h _h "s tra9+ along ! l9es ( home-mak+ & mo!rcraft4 7c7 ,!y h rema9$ 9 p>tial segregation until pa/ ! age :5 !y are physically mo/ attractive1 & :5 ! o!r girls ( _! age are m>ry+4 7d7 ,due to _! own education1 !y dem& on ! "p ( suitors a high] degree ( education ?an ! "y m5 ( _! acqua9tance possess4 ,a girl ( ?is type wants to m>ry b desires a man :o is educationally h] equal or sup]ior4 ,z m5 ( su* type are relatively r>e1 h] *ances ( m>riage are r$uc$4 7e7 ,_! exp]i5ce 9 college makes !m desire a /&>d ( liv+ high] ?an t ( _! own families or ( ! m5 among :om !y 7 br\ght up4 ,!y become resi/ant to ! suit ( m5 :o are ( ord9>y economic /atus4 ,:ile wait+ = ! appe>ance ( a suitor :o is above ! av]age 9 bo? intellig5ce & weal?1 !y pass ! m>riageable age4 7f7 ,!y are bett] educat$ ?an ! "y m5 ( _! acqua9tance1 & ! latt] are afraid ( !m4 ,"s "y m5 dislike to m>ry girls :o "k m ?an !y d1 except 9 ! di/9ctively fem99e fields4 ,^! & v>i\s simil> causes help to l[] ! m>riage-rate ( college wom5 & to acc\nt = ! l>ge numb] ( alumn :o desire to m>ry b are unable to d s4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( eug5ics1 ! v>i\s difficulties mu/ be met 9 appropriate ways4 ,m>riage is n desirable = ^? :o are eug5ically inf]ior1 f weak con/itutions1 defective sexuality1 or inh]5t m5tal defici5cy4 ,b beyond ^! gr\ps ( wom5 are ! mu* l>g] gr\ps ( celibates :o are di/9ctly sup]ior1 & ^: *ances ( m>riage h be5 r$uc$ = "o ( ! reasons m5tion$ above or ?r\gh liv+ 9 cities ) an undue proportion ( female resid5ts4 ,!n !re are1 besides ^!1 sup]ior wom5 :o1 because !y are br\ght up 9 families )\t bro!rs or bro!rs' fri5ds1 are s unnaturally %y t !y are unable to become fri5dly ) m51 h[ev] mu* !y may c>e to4 ,x is evid5t t life 9 a sep>ate college = wom5 (t5 int5sifies ?is defect4 ,!re are /ill o!r wom5 :o repel m5 by a mann] ( extreme self-repression & coldness1 sometimes ! result ( p>5ts' or tea*]s' ov]-zeal\s ef=ts to inculcate mode/y & res]ve1 traits valuable 9 due degree b h>mful 9 excess4 ,:5 w educators le>n t ! education ( ! emotions is z important z t ( ! intellect8 ,:5 w ! s*ools awake to ! fact t a l>ge "p ( life consi/s 9 relations ) o!r human be+s1 & t mu* ( _! educational ef=t is absolutely valueless1 or detrim5tal1 to success 9 ! fundam5tally necess>y practice ( deal+ ) o!r individuals :i* is impos$ on e "o8 ,_m a college girl ( ! f9e/ innate qualities1 :o s9c]ely desires to ent] matrimony1 is unable to f9d a husb& ( h] own class1 simply because %e has be5 r5d]$ s cold & unattractive1 s ov]-/uff$ intellectually & />v$ emotionally1 t a typical man does n desire to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life 9 h] company4 ,! same indictm5t applies 9 a less degree to m54 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t an only *ild is frequ5tly to be f\nd 9 ?is class4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is equally true--p]haps m important--t _m innately sup]ior "y m5 are reject$1 because ( _! mann] ( life4 ,sup]ior "y m5 %\ld be induc$ to keep _! physical records clean1 9 ord] t !y may n suff] ! sev]e depreciation :i* !y w\ld o!rwise su/a9 9 ! eyes ( sup]ior wom54 ,b 9 ef=ts to tea* *a/ity1 sex itself mu/ n be made to appe> an evil ?+4 ,?is is a grave mi/ake & all too common s9ce ! rise ( ! sex-hygi5e movem5t4 ,und\bt$ly a consid]able am\nt ( ! celibacy 9 s5sitive wom5 may be trac$ to ill-balanc$ mo!rs & tea*]s :o1 9 ^w & attitude1 build up an impression t sex is indec5t & be/ial1 & eng5d] 9 g5]al a damag+ suspicion ( m54#aae ,level heads are necess>y 9 ! sex e?ics campaign4 ,:]eas ! v5]eal diseases w probably1 ) a cont9uation ( pres5t progress 9 treatm5t & prophylaxis1 be br\ght "u control 9 ! c\rse ( a c5tury1 ! problem ( diff]5tial mat+ w exi/ z long z ! race does1 :i* c h>dly be less ?an t5s ( millions ( ye>s4 ,lurid pres5tation1 by drama1 novel1 or magaz9e-/ory1 ( dramatic & highly-color$ individual sex hi/ories1 is to be avoid$4 ,^! (t5 impress an abnormal situation on s5sitive girls s /rongly t av]sion to m>riage1 or sex antagonism1 is ar\s$4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to p]meate art--dramatic1 pla/ic1 or lit]>y--) ! highe/ ideals ( sex & p>5?ood4 ,a glorification ( mo!rhood & fa!rhood 9 ^! ways w\ld h a port5t\s influ5ce on public op9ion4 ,! true1 intimate *ronicle ( an ev]yday m>ri$ life has n be5 writt54 ,"h is a !me = g5ius2 = only g5ius c div9e & reveal ! beauty1 ! pa?os1 & ! wond] ( ! normal or ! commonplace4 ,a felicit\s m>riage has its com$y1 its complexities1 its elem5t1 too1 ( trag$y & grief1 z well z its s]5ity & fealty4 ,matrimony1 :e!r ! pair f>e well or ill1 is always a great adv5ture1 a play ( deep in/9cts & p[]ful emotions1 a drama ( two psy*es4 ,e m>riage provides a !me = ! lit]>y arti/4 ,no lives are free f enigmas4#aaf ,m temp]ance 9 "w w\ld probably promote m>riage ( able & ambiti\s "y p4 ,walt] ,galli*an compla9s t we d n ev5 recognize love z a f9] passion ?an money gre$4 ,x is a k9d ( luxury1 or pleasant pa/ime1 = ! s5tim5tally m9d$4 ,love is s und]valu$ z a s\rce ( happ9ess1 a means ( grace1 & a completion ( be+1 t _m m5 w\ld soon] "w to keep a motor c> ?an to m>ry4 ,m5 %\ld be taught great] respect = ! individuality ( wom51 s t no high-m9d$ girl w %r9k f m>riage ) ! idea t x means a surr5d] ( h] p]sonality & a /ate ( dome/ic s]vitude4 ,a m discrim9at+ idea ( sex-equality is desirable1 & a recognition by m5 t wom5 are n necess>ily creatures ( inf]ior m5tality4 ,x w\ld be an advantage if m5's education includ$ "s in/ruction along ^! l9es4 ,x w\ld be a great ga91 also if intellig5t wom5 _h m k ( dome/ic economy & mo!rcraft1 because "o ( ! reasons :y ! well-educat$ girl is h&icapp$ 9 seek+ a mate is ! belief all too frequ5tly well f\nd$ ( _m "y m5 t %e is a luxury :i* he c n af=d4 ,high] education 9 g5]al ne$s to be reori5t$4 ,x has too mu* glorifi$ individualism1 & put a premium on :ite coll> "w4 ,! tr5d t[>d indu/rial education w help to correct ?is situation4 ,pr(essor ,sprague#aag po9ts out ano!r v important fault1 :5 he says3 ,m /rong m5 are ne$$ on ! /affs ( public s*ools & wom5's colleges1 & 9 all ( ^! in/itutions m m>ri$ in/ructors ( bo? sexes are desirable4 ,! catalogue ( "o ( ! wom5's colleges ref]r$ to above %[s #aad pr(essors & in/ructors1 ( :om #ajj are wom51 ( :om only two h ev] m>ri$4 ,is x to be expect$ t ! curriculum creat$ by su* a /aff w\ld idealize & prep>e = family & home life z ! greate/ "w ( ! _w & ! highe/ goal ( woman1 & tea* race survival z a patriotic duty8 ,or1 w\ld x be expect$ t ^! ba*elor /affs w\ld glorify ! indep5d5t vocation & life = wom5 & create employm5t bureaus to enable _! graduates to get into ! (fices1 s*ools & o!r lucrative jobs8 ,! latt] seems to be :at occurs4 ,increase ( opportunity = sup]ior "y p to meet ea* o!r1 z discuss$ 9 our *apt] on sexual selection1 w play a v l>ge "p 9 rais+ ! m>riage rate4 ,& f9ally1 ! delay$ or avoid$ m>riage ( ! intellectual classes is 9 l>ge "p a reflection ( public op9ion1 :i* has wrongly repres5t$ o!r ?+s z be+ m wor? :ile ?an m>riage4 ,! promotion ( m>riage 9 e>ly adult life1 z a "p ( social hygi5e1 mu/ beg9 ) a new canonization ( m>riage1 ,mr4 ,galli*an decl>es4 ,?is is equally ! task ( ! f]v5t poet & ! sci5tific ?9k]1 ^: respective labors = humanity are nev] at v>iance 9 ess5tials4444 ,! s5tim5t = m>riage c be deep5$ by a rational und]/&+ ( ! passion t attracts & unites ! sexes4 ,we ne$ an apo!osis ( conjugal love z a basis = a new appreciation ( m>riage4 ,rev]5ce = love %\ld be fo/]$ f ! outset ( ! adolesc5t p]iod by p>5ts & p$agogues4 ,if1 9 addition to ?is diffusion ( heal?i] views ( ! conjugal relation1 "s ( ! economic *anges sugge/$ 9 lat] *apt]s are put 9 effect1 x seems probable t ! pres5t racially disa/r\s t5d5cy ( ! mo/ sup]ior "y m5 & wom5 to po/pone or avoid m>riage w\ld be *eck$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,increase ,,( ,,! ,,bir?-,,rate ,,( ,,! ,,sup]ior ,imag9e #bjj babies born to p>5ts ( native /ock 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! av]age1 #ajc ( !m w be boys & #ig girls4 ,by ! "t ! girls rea* a m>riageable age 7say #bj ye>s71 at lea/ #ai w h di$1 leav+ #gh possible wives1 on :om ! duty ( p]petuat+ t section ( ! race dep5ds4 ,we said ,possible wives1 n probable2 = n all w m>ry4 ,x is difficult to say j h[ _m w become wives1 b ,rob]t ,j4 ,sprague has report$ on sev]al inve/igations t illum9ate ! po9t4 ,9 a select$ ,new ,engl& village 9 #ahij1 he says1 !re 7 =ty m>riageable girls betwe5 ! ages ( #bj & #ce4 ,to-day ?irty-two ( ^! are m>ri$1 #bj p] c5t4 are sp9/]s4 ,an inve/igation ( #bfj families ( ! ,massa*usetts ,agricultural ,college /ud5ts %[s t out ( #hcb wom5 ov] #dj ye>s ( age #gee or #ia p] c5t4 h m>ri$1 leav+ only #i p] c5t4 sp9/]s4 ,?is & o!r obs]vations indicate t ! daught]s ( f>m]s m>ry m g5]ally ?an ^? ( "s o!r classes4 ,9 sixty-n9e 7report+7 families repres5t$ by ! fre%man class ( ,amh]/ ,college 7#aiad7 !re are #bbi mo!rs & aunts ov] #dj ye>s ( age1 ( :om #ahf or #ha p] c5t4 h already m>ri$4 ,x w\ld seem safe to conclude t ab\t #ae p] c5t4 ( native wom5 9 g5]al ,am]ican society d n m>ry dur+ ! *ild-be>+ p]iod4 ,d$uct+ #ae p] c5t4 f ! #gh possible wives leaves sixty-six probable wives4 ,n[ among ! native wives ( ,massa*usetts #bj p] c5t4 d n produce *ildr51 & d$uct+ ^! ?irte5 *ildless ones f ! sixty-six probable wives leaves fifty-?ree probable1 m>ri$1 *ild-be>+ wom51 :o mu/ be dep5d$ on to reproduce ! orig9al #bjj individuals ) :om we began ?is *apt]4 ,t means t ea* woman :o demon/rates ability to be> (fspr+ mu/ be> #c4g *ildr54 ,?is x mu/ be not$1 is a m9imum numb]1 = no acc\nt has be5 tak5 ( ^? :o1 ?r\gh "s defect or disease develop$ late 9 life1 become unm>riageable4 ,9 g5]al1 unless e m>ri$ woman br+s ?ree *ildr5 to maturity1 ! race w n ev5 hold its own 9 numb]s4 ,& ?is means t ea* woman mu/ be> f\r *ildr51 s9ce n all ! *ildr5 born w live4 ,if ! m>ri$ wom5 ( ! c\ntry be> few] ?an ne>ly f\r *ildr5 ea*1 ! race is 9 dang] ( los+ gr\nd4 ,su* a /atem5t ought to /rike ! read] z "o ( grave importance2 b we labor "u no delusion t x w d s4 ,= we are pa9fully aw>e t ! bugaboo ( ! decl9+ bir?-rate ( sup]ior p has be5 rais$ s (t5 9 late ye>s1 t x has become /ale by repetition4 ,x no long] causes any al>m4 ,! c\ntry is fill$ ) s9c]e b m5tally %ort-sight$ individuals1 :o are con/antly ready to vocif]ate t numb]s are no v desirable ?+ 9 a bir?-rate2 t quality is want$1 n quantity2 t a few *ildr5 giv5 ideal c>e are ( mu* m value to ! /ate & ! race ?an are _m *ildr51 :o c n receive ?is att5tion4 ,& ?is attitude t[>d ! subject1 we v5ture to ass]t1 is a grav] p]il to ! race ?an is ! decl9+ bir?-rate itself4 ,= !re is en\gh tru? 9 x to make x plausible1 & to sep>ate ! tru? f ! dang]\s untru? x conta9s1 & to make ! bulk ( ! population see ! di/9ction1 is a task :i* w tax e en]gy ( ! eug5i/4 ,un=tunately1 ?is is n a case ( m]e diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 m52 x is a case ( antagonism betwe5 m5 & nature4 ,if a race hypnotize itself into ?9k+ t its views ab\t race suicide are sup]ior to nature's views1 x may make its own end a little less pa9ful2 b x w n po/pone t end = a s+le m9ute4 ,! conte/ is to ! /rong1 & al?\gh numb]s are n ! mo/ important elem5t 9 /r5g?1 x is v c]ta9 t a race made up ( families conta9+ "o *ild ea* w n be ! survivor 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! idea1 !re=e1 t race suicide & g5]al limitation ( bir?s to ! irr$ucible m9imum1 c be effectively ju/ifi$ by any conceivable appeal to economic or sociological factors1 is a mi/ake :i* w ev5tually br+ ab\t ! ext9ction ( ! p mak+ x4 ,?is /atem5t mu/ n be int]pret$ wrongly4 ,c]ta9ly we w\ld n argue t a high bir?-rate 9 itself is necess>ily a desirable ?+4 ,x is n ! object ( eug5ics to a*ieve z big a population z possible1 reg>dless ( quality4 ,b 9 ! la/ analysis1 ! only weal? ( a nation is its p2 moreov] "s p1 are z national assets1 wor? m ?an o!rs4 ,! goal1 !n1 might be said to be3 a population adju/$ 9 respect to its numb]s to ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 & t numb] ( ! v be/ quality possible4 ,great div]sity ( p is requir$ 9 mod]n society1 b ( ea* desirable k9d ! be/ obta9able repres5tatives are to be desir$4 ,x is at once evid5t t a decl9e1 r ?an an increase1 9 ! bir?-rate ( "s sections ( ! population1 is want$4 ,!re are "s /rata at ! bottom t are a s\rce ( weakness r ?an ( /r5g? to ! race1 & a s\rce ( unhapp9ess r ?an ( happ9ess to !mselves & ^? ar\nd !m4 ,^! %\ld be r$uc$ 9 numb]1 z we h %[n at "s l5g? e>li] 9 ?is book4 ,! o!r p>ts ( ! population %\ld be p]petuat$ by ! be/1 r ?an ! wor/4 ,9 no o!r way c ! necess>y lead]s be secur$1 )\t :om1 9 comm]ce1 indu/ry1 politics1 sci5ce1 ! nation is at a great disadvantage4 ,! task ( eug5ics is by no means :at x is sometimes suppos$ to be3 to bre$ a sup]ior ca/e4 ,b a v important "p ( its task is c]ta9ly to increase ! numb] ( lead]s 9 ! race4 ,& x is ?is "p ( its task1 9 p>ticul>1 :i* is m5ac$ by ! decl9+ bir?-rate 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z e "o kn[s1 race suicide is proce$+ m rapidly among ! native :ites ?an among any o!r l>ge section ( ! population2 & x is exactly ?is "p ( ! population :i* has 9 ! pa/ furni%$ mo/ ( ! em95t m5 ( ! c\ntry4 ,x has be5 %[n 9 previ\s *apt]s t em95t m5 d n appe> :olly by *ance 9 ! population4 ,! production ( em95ce is l>gely a family affair2 & 9 ,am]ica1 ! l& ( opportunity z well z 9 old] c\ntries1 p ( em95ce are mu* m int]relat$ ?an *ance w\ld all[4 ,x has be5 %[n1 inde$1 t 9 ,am]ica x is at lea/ a #ejj to #a bet t an em95t p]son w be r closely relat$ to "s o!r em95t p]son1 & w n be a sporadic appe>ance 9 ! population4#aah ,tak5 ) o!r consid]ations advanc$ 9 e>li] *apt]s1 ?is means t a fall+ (f 9 ! reproduction ( ! old ,am]ican be/ /ra9s means a fall+ (f 9 ! numb] ( em95t m5 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates w produce4 ,no improvem5t 9 education c prev5t a s]i\s loss1 = ! /rong m9ds get m f education4 ,! old ,am]ican /ock has produc$ a va/ly great] proportion ( em95ce1 has accompli%$ a great deal m proportionately1 9 mod]n times1 ?an has o!r any /ock ^: repres5tatives h be5 com+ 9 l>ge numb]s z immigrants to ^! %ores dur+ ! la/ g5]ation4 ,x is1 !re=e1 likely to cont9ue to surpass !m1 unless x decl9es too greatly 9 numb]s4 ,= ?is reason1 we feel ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ! decl9e ( ! bir?-rate 9 ! old ,am]ican /ock repres5ts a decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate ( a sup]ior elem5t4 ,!re is ano!r way ( look+ at ?is po9t4 ,! /ock "u discussion has be51 on ! :ole1 economically ahead ( su* /ocks z are n[ immigrat+4 ,9 competition ) !m "u equal conditions1 x appe>s to rema9 pretty consi/5tly ahead1 economically4 ,n[1 al?\gh we w\ld n insi/ on ?is po9t too /rongly1 x c h>dly be que/ion$ t eug5ic value is to "s ext5t correlat$ ) economic success 9 life1 z all desirable qualities t5d to be correlat$ toge!r4 ,)9 reasonable limits1 x is ju/ifiable to treat ! economically sup]ior sections ( ! nation z ! eug5ically sup]ior4 ,& x is among ^! economically sup]ior sections ( ! nation t ! bir?-rate has mo/ rapidly & dang]\sly fall54 ,! con/ant influx ( highly fecund immigrant wom5 t5ds to obscure ! fact t ! bir?-rate ( ! old] resid5ts is fall+ bel[ p>1 & analysis ( ! bir?-rate 9 v>i\s sections ( ! community is necess>y to give an und]/&+ ( :at is actually tak+ place4 ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,f4 ,l4 ,h(fmann f\nd ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 = ea* =eign-born woman to be #c4ce1 & = ea* native-born woman to be #b4jf4 ,!re 7 wide racial diff]5ces among ! =eign born2 ! v>i\s elem5ts 7 repres5t$ by ! foll[+ av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] wife3 ,fr5*-,canadians #d4db ,russians #c4ea ,italians #c4di ,iri% #c4de ,scot* & ,wel% #c4ji ,engli% #b4hi ,g]mans #b4hd ,sw$es #b4eh ,engli%-,canadians #b4ef ,poles #b4ca ,9 %ort1 ! native-born :ites 9 ?is inve/igation fell bel[ e "o ( ! =eign nationalities4 ,! ,massa*usetts c5suses = #ahge & #ahhd %[$ simil> results3 ! =eign-born wom5 _h #d4e *ildr5 ea*1 & ! native-born wom5 #b4g ea*4 ,fr$]ick ,s4 ,crum's c>eful inve/igation#aai ( ,new ,engl& g5ealogies1 includ+ #ab1gbb wives1 has ?r[n a great deal ( light on ! /eady decl9e 9 _! bir?-rate4 ,he f\nd ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 to be3 #agej-agii #f4dc #ahjj-ahdi #d4id #ahej-ahfi #c4dg #ahgj-ahgi #b4gg ,!re1 9 f\r l9es1 is ! /ory ( ! decl9e ( ! old ,am]ican /ock4 ,at pres5t1 x is b>ely reproduc+ itself1 probably n ev5 t1 = !re is reason to believe t #ahgi does n m>k ! l[e/ po9t rea*$4 ,be=e #agjj1 less ?an #b ( ! wives 9 ?is inve/igation _h only "o *ild1 n[ #bj ( !m h only "o4 ,) ! emigration ( old ,new ,engl& families to ! we/1 & ! con/ant immigration ( =eign-born p to take _! places1 x is no cause = surprise t ,new ,engl& no long] ex]cises ! intellectual lead]%ip t %e once held4 ,= ,massa*usetts z a :ole1 ! bir?-rate among ! native-born population 0 #ab4g p] #a1jjj 9 #ahij1 #ad4i 9 #aiaj1 :ile 9 ! =eign-born population x 0 #ch4f 9 #ahij & #di4a 9 #aiaj4 ,aft] exclud+ all old wom5 & "y wom51 ! bir?-rate ( ! =eign-born wom5 9 ,massa*usetts is /ill f\nd to be #c_/d great] ?an t ( ! native-born4#abj ,9 %ort1 ! bir?-rate ( ! old ,am]ican /ock is n[ s l[ t t /ock is dy+ out & be+ supplant$ by immigrants4 ,9 ord] t ! /ock might ev5 hold its own1 we h %[n t ea* m>ri$ woman %\ld be> ?ree to f\r *ildr54 ,at pres5t ! m>ri$ wom5 ( ! old :ite ,am]ican race 9 ,new ,engl& appe> to be br++ two or less to maturity4 ,x w be pr(itable to digress = a mom5t to consid] f>!r :at ?is disappe>ance ( ! anci5t population ( ,massa*usetts means to ! c\ntry4 ,:5 all ! di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are grad$1 9 accordance ) _! di/9ction1 x is regul>ly f\nd1 z ,fr$]ick ,adams ,woods says1 t ,"s /ates 9 ! union1 "s sections ( ! c\ntry1 h produc$ m em95ce ?an o!rs1 f> beyond ! expectation f _! respective :ite populations4 ,9 ?is reg>d ,massa*usetts always leads1 & ,connecticut is always second1 & c]ta9 s\!rn /ates are always beh9d & fail to r5d] _! expect$ quota4 ,! accurate me?ods us$ by ,dr4 ,woods 9 ?is inve/igation leave no room = d\bt t 9 almo/ e way ,massa*usetts has regul>ly produc$ twice z _m em95t m5 z its population w\ld lead "o to expect1 & has = "s ranks & types ( a*ievem5t produc$ ab\t f\r times ! expectation4 ,scott ,ne>+'s /udies#aba confirm ^? ( ,dr4 ,woods4 ,tak+ ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 & wom5 ,am]ica has produc$1 he f\nd t ! numb] produc$ 9 ,new ,engl&1 p] #ajj1jjj population1 0 mu* l>g] ?an t produc$ by any o!r "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,rhode ,isl&1 ! poore/ ,new ,engl& /ate 9 ?is respect1 0 yet #cj above ,new ,york1 ! be/ /ate outside ,new ,engl&4 ,! advantage ( ,new ,engl&1 h[ev]1 he f\nd to be rapidly decreas+4 ,( ! em95t p]sons born be=e #ahej1 #cj 7 ,new ,engl&]s al?\gh ! population ( ,new ,engl& 9 #ahej 0 only #aa4h ( t ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,b ( ! em95t y\ng] m51--^? born betwe5 #ahhj & #ahhi1 ,new ,engl&1 ) #g4e ( ! c\ntry's population1 c\ld claim only #ab ( ! g5ius4 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 has produc$ m em95t y\ng] m5 ( ! pres5t "t ?an any o!r city1 he discov]$1 b ! cities :i* come next 9 ord] are ,na%ville1 ,t5n41 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ,lynn1 ,mass41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,portl&1 ,ore41 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo41 & ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,!re is reason to believe t "s ( ! old ,new ,engl& /ock1 :i* emigrat$ to ! ,we/1 reta9s a high] fecundity ?an does t "p ( ! /ock :i* rema9s on ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,?is fact1 :ile a gratify+ "o1 ( c\rse does n comp5sate = ! l[ f]tility ( ! families :i* /ill live 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,)9 ?is section ( ! population1 ! decl9e is und\bt$ly tak+ place fa/] 9 "s p>ts ?an 9 o!rs4 ,/ati/ical evid5ce is n available1 to tell a great deal ab\t ?is1 b ! bir?-rate = ! graduates ( "s ( ! lead+ wom5's colleges is kn[n1 & _! /ud5t bodies are made up l>gely ( girls ( sup]ior /ork4 ,at ,wellesley1 ! graph 9 ,fig4 #cf %[s at a glance j :at is happ5+4 ,briefly1 ! graduates ( t college contribute less ?an "o *ild apiece to ! race4 ,! classes d n ev5 reproduce _! own numb]s4 ,in/ead ( ! #c4g *ildr5 :i*1 accord+ to ,sprague's calculation1 !y ought to be>1 !y are be>+ 4#hf ( a *ild4 ,! =ego+ /udy is "o ( ! few to c>efully di/+ui% betwe5 families :i* 7 complete at ! "t ( /udy & ^? families :]e additional *ildr5 may yet be born4 ,9 ! /udies to foll[ ?is di/9ction may 9 "s cases be made by ! read] 9 int]pret+ ! data :ile 9 o!r cases families hav+ "s ye>s ( possible productiv5ess ahead are includ$ ) o!rs & ! relative proportion ( ! types is n indicat$4 ,! error 9 ^! cases is !re=e important & ! read] is w>n$ to accept !m only ) a m5tal all[ance = ?is factor4 ,! be/ /ud5ts make an ev5 worse %[+ 9 ?is respect4 ,! ,wellesley alumn :o are memb]s ( ,phi ,beta ,kappa1--t is1 ! sup]ior s*ol>s--h n 4#hf ( a *ild ea*1 b only 4#fe ( a *ild2 :ile ! hold]s ( ! ,durant & ,wellesley s*ol>%ips1 aw>d$ = intellectual sup]iority1#abb make ! foll[+ pa!tic %[+ 9 comp>ison ) ! :ole class4 ,,wellesley ,,college ,graduates ( '#ja1 '#jb1 '#jc1 '#jd1 ,/atus ( ,fall ( #aiab ,all ,durant or ,wellesley s*ol>s ,p] c5t m>ri$ #dd #ce ,numb] ( *ildr53 ,p] graduate 4#cg 4#bj ,p] wife 4#hg 4#eg ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ,wellesley's record is an exception1 = mo/ ( ! l>ge wom5's colleges furni% deplorable figures4 ,m\nt ,holyoke's record is3 ,*ildr5 p] ,*ildr5 p] ,decade ( graduation m>ri$ graduate graduate #ahdb-ahdi #b4gg #b4cg #ahej-ahei #c4ch #b4ee #ahfj-ahfi #b4fd #a4fj #ahgj-ahgi #b4ge #a4fc #ahhj-ahhi #b4ed #a4df #ahij-ahib #a4ia #j4ie ,nor c graduation f ,bryn ,mawr ,college be said to favor mo!rhood4 ,by ! #cgf alumn graduat$ !re betwe5 #ahhh & #aijj1 only #ach *ildr5 _h be5 produc$ up to ,jan4 #a1 #aiac4 ,?is makes 4#hd ( a *ild p] m>ri$ alumna1 or 4#cg ( a *ild p] graduate1 s9ce less ?an half ( ! graduates m>ry4 ,^! are ! figures publi%$ by ! college adm9i/ration4 ,pr(essor ,sprague's tabulation ( ! c>e]s ( ,vass> college graduates1 made f (ficial records ( ! college1 is wor? quot+ 9 full1 = ! light x ?r[s on ! hi/ories ( college girls1 aft] !y leave college3 ,,classes ,,f #ahfg ,,to #ahib ,numb] ( graduates #iei ,numb] t taught #dca 7#de7 ,numb] t m>ri$ #eji 7#ec7 ,numb] t did n m>ry #dej 7#dg7 ,numb] t taught & aft]w>d m>ri$ #aff 7#ci ( all :o taught7 ,numb] t taught1 m>ri$ & _h *ildr5 #aab 7#fg ( all :o taught & m>ri$7 ,numb] t taught1 m>ri$ & 7 *ildless #ed 7#cc7 ,numb] ( *ildr5 ( ^? :o taught & _h *ildr5 #bhg 7#a4gc *ildr5 p] family7 ,numb] ( *ildr5 ( ^? :o m>ri$ b did n tea* #fhf 7#b p] m>ri$ graduate t did n tea*7 ,total numb] ( *ildr5 ( all graduates #igc 7#a *ild p] graduate7 ,av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] m>ri$ graduate #a4ia ,av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] graduate #a4jj ,,classes ,,f #ahfg ,,to #aijj ,numb] ( graduates #agci ,numb] t taught #hjj 7#df7 ,numb] t m>ri$ #hed 7#di7 ,numb] t did n m>ry #hhe 7#ea7 ,numb] t taught & aft]w>d m>ri$ #bid 7#ca7 ,numb] t taught1 m>ri$ & _h *ildr5 #bjc 7#fi ( all :o taught & m>ri$7 ,numb] t taught1 m>ri$ & 7 *ildless #ia 7#ca7 ,numb] ( *ildr5 ( ^? :o taught & _h *ildr5 #dfc 7#a4eg *ildr5 p] family7 ,numb] ( *ildr5 ( ^? :o m>ri$ b did n tea* #ajbe 7#b ea*7 ,total numb] ( *ildr5 ( all graduates #adhh 74#h *ild p] graduate7 ,av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] m>ri$ graduate #a4gd 7p] m>ri$ graduate7 ,av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] graduate #j4h ,if ! wom5's colleges 7 fulfill+ :at ! writ]s consid] to be _! duty t[>d _! /ud5ts1 _! graduates w\ld h a high] m>riage & bir?-rate ?an t ( _! si/]s1 c\s9s & fri5ds :o d n g to college4 ,b ! rev]se is ! case4 ,m4 ,r4 ,smi?'s inve/igation %[$ ! comp>ison betwe5 college girls & girls ( equival5t social position & ( ! same or simil> families1 z foll[s3 ,numb] ( ,p] c5t *ildless *ildr5 at "t ,college #a4fe #be4cf ,equival5t ,non-,college #a4hgd #ag4hi ,n[ if education is t5d+ t[>d race suicide1 !n ! writ]s believe !re is some?+ wrong ) mod]n educational me?ods4 ,& c]ta9ly all /ati/ics available po9t to ! fact t girls :o h be5 9 su* an atmosph]e z t ( "s colleges = f\r ye>s1 are1 f a eug5ic po9t ( view1 ( dim9i%$ value to ! race4 ,?is is n an argum5t aga9/ high] education = wom51 b x is a pot5t argum5t = a diff]5t k9d ( high] education ?an _m ( ! colleges ( ,am]ica are n[ giv+ !m4 ,?is is "o ( ! causes = ! decl9e ( ! bir?-rate 9 ! old ,am]ican /ock4 ,b ( c\rse x is only "o4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( causes are unque/ionably at "w to ! same end1 & ! result c be adequately *ang$ only if x is analyz$ into z _m ( its compon5t p>ts z possible1 & ea* "o ( ^! dealt ) sep>ately4 ,! writ]s h emphasiz$ ! %ortcom+ ( wom5's colleges1 because x is easily demon/rat$ &1 !y believe1 relatively easily mitigat$4 ,b ! record ( m5's colleges is n beyond criticism4 ,miss ,smi? f\nd t among ! college graduates ( ! #ah? c5tury 9 ,new ,engl&1 only #b rema9$ unm>ri$1 :ile 9 ! ,yale classes ( #ahfa-ahgi1 #ba nev] m>ri$1 & ( ! ,h>v>d graduates f #ahgj-ahgi #bf rema9$ s+le4 ,! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] ,h>v>d graduate ( ! e>li] p]iod 0 f\nd to be #c4dd1 = ! late/ p]iod /udi$ #a4ib4 ,among ! ,yale graduates x 0 f\nd t ! numb] ( *ildr5 p] fa!r _h decl9$ f #e4af to #b4ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bir? ,,rate ,,( ,,h>v>d ,,& ,,yale ,,graduates ,,fig4 #cg4--;,dur+ ! p]iod "u consid]ation x decl9$ /eadily1 al?\gh m>riage 0 ab\t z frequ5t & z e>ly at ! end z at ! beg9n+ ( ! p]iod4 ,x is necess>y to suppose t ! decl9e 9 ! bir? rate is due pr9cipally to volunt>y limitation ( families4 ,j4 ,c4 ,phillips1 :o made ! above graph1 ?9ks t s9ce #ahij ! bir? rate among ^! college graduates may be t5d+ slightly to rise aga94 ,figures 7 obta9$ f "s o!r colleges1 :i* are incomplete & %\ld be tak5 ) res]vation4 ,_! incomplet5ess probably l$ ! numb] ( *ildr5 to be consid]ably und]e/imat$4 ,at ,amh]/1 #ahgb-ahgi1 x 0 f\nd t #dd ( ! #ddj graduates ( ! p]iod rema9$ unm>ri$4 ,! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] m>ri$ man 0 #a4gb4 ,at ,wesleyan x 0 f\nd t #bj ( ! #bjh graduates1 f #ahfc to #ahgj1 rema9$ s+le2 ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 p] m>ri$ man 0 #b4ca4 ,! only satisfactory /udy ( ! bir?-rate ( graduates ( m5's colleges is t rec5tly made by ,john ,c4 ,phillips f ! class li/s ( ,h>v>d & ,yale1 #ahej-ahij1 summ>iz$ 9 ! accompany+ graph 7,fig4 #cg74 ,9 discuss+ 8 f9d+s1 ,dr4 ,phillips writes3 ,r\ghly1 ! numb] ( *ildr5 born p] capita p] m>ri$ graduate has fall5 f ab\t #c4be 9 ! fir/ decade to #b4ej 9 ! la/ decade4 ,! p] c5t ( graduates m>ry+ has rema9$ ab\t ! same = =ty ye>s1 & is a trifle high] = ,yale2 b ! l[ figure1 #fh = ! fir/ decade ( ,h>v>d1 is probably due to faulty records1 & mu/ n be tak5 z significant4 ,! next mo/ int]e/+ figure is ! ',*ildr5 ,surviv+ p] ,capita p] ,graduate4' ,?is has fall5 f ov] #b4ej to ab\t #a4i4 ,! p] c5t ( *ildless m>riages increas$ v m>k$ly dur+ ! fir/ two decades & held ne>ly level = ! la/ two decades4 ,= ! la/ decade at ,yale x has ev5 dropp$ slightly1 an enc\rag+ sign4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ! numb] ( *ildr5 born to ,yale graduates is almo/ con/antly a trifle high] ?an t = ,h>v>d1 :ile ! numb] ( *ildless m>riages is slightly less4 ,?is is probably ow+ to ! l>g] proportion ( ,h>v>d /ud5ts liv+ 9 a l>ge city4 ,if ! bir?-rate ( graduates bo? ( sep>ate m5's colleges & ( sep>ate wom5's colleges is al>m+ly l[1 t ( graduates ( co$ucational in/itutions is n always satisfactory1 ei!r4 ,to "s ext5t ! l[ bir?-rate is a *>act]i/ic ( educat$ p1 )\t reg>d to ! precise nature ( _! education4 ,9 a /udy ( ! graduates ( ,syracuse ,univ]sity1 "o ( ! olde/ co$ucational colleges ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,h4 ,j4 ,bank] f\nd#abc t ! numb] ( *ildr5 decl9$ ) ea* decade4 ,?us m>ri$ wom5 graduates prior to ! ,civil ,w> _h #b surviv+ *ildr5 ea*2 9 ! la/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !y _h only "o4 ,= m>ri$ m5 graduates1 ! numb] ( surviv+ *ildr5 _h fall5 9 ! same l5g? ( "t f #b4fb to #a4ch4 ,:5 all graduates1 m>ri$ or n1 are c\nt$ 9 ! decade #ahib-aija1 x is f\nd t ! m5 ( ,syracuse h contribut$ to ! next g5]ation "o surviv+ *ild ea*1 ! wom5 only half a *ild apiece4 ,dr4 ,cattell's inve/igation ( ! families ( #a1jjj contempor>y ,am]ican m5 ( sci5ce all ( :i* 7 probably n complete h[ev]1 %[s t !y leave1 on ! av]age1 less ?an two surviv+ *ildr54 ,only "o family 9 #ge is l>g] ?an six1 & #bb ( !m are *ildless4 ,obvi\sly1 z f> z ^? families are conc]n$1 !re w be few] m5 ( inh]5t sci5tific em95ce 9 ! next g5]ation ?an 9 ?is4 ,! decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate is sometimes attribut$ to ! fact t p z a :ole are m>ry+ lat] ?an !y us$ to2 we h already %[n t ?is idea is1 on ! :ole1 false4 ,! idea t p z a :ole are m>ry+ less ?an !y us$ to is also1 z we h %[n1 mi/ak54 ,! decl9e 9 ! g5]al bir?-rate c be attribut$ to only "o fact1 & t is t m>ri$ p are hav+ few] *ildr54 ,! p]c5tage ( *ildless wives 9 ! ,am]ican /ock is /eadily increas+4 ,dr4 ,crum's figures %[ ! foll[+ p]c5tage ( *ildless wives1 9 ! ,new ,engl& g5ealogies ) :i* he work$3 #agej-agii #a4hh #ahjj-ahdi #d4jg #ahej-ahfi #e4ia #ahgj-ahgi #h4aj ,j4 ,a4 ,hill#abd f\nd1 f ! #aiaj c5sus figures1 t "o 9 eight ( ! native-born wives is *ildless1 z comp>$ ) "o 9 five among ! ,negroes1 "o 9 n9ete5 among ! =eign born4 ,*ildlessness ( ,am]ican wives is !re=e a consid]able1 al?\gh n a prepond]ant factor1 9 ?is decl9e ( ! bir? rate4 ,dr4 ,hill fur!r f\nd t f #aj m>riages1 9 v>i\s /ocks1 ! foll[+ numb]s ( *ildr5 c\ld be expect$3 ,native-born wom5 #bg ,negro-born wom5 #ca ,engli%-born wom5 #cd ,russian-born wom5 #ed ,fr5* ,canada-born wom5 #ef ,poli%-born wom5 #fb ,! wom5 ( ! old ,am]ican /ock are on ! :ole m /]ile or1 if n /]ile1 less fecund1 ?an o!r wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:y8 ,9 answ]1 v>i\s physiological causes are (t5 alleg$4 ,x is said t ! dissem9ation ( v5]eal diseases has caus$ an increase ( /]ility2 t luxuri\s liv+ l[]s fecundity1 & s on4 ,x is impossible to take ! "t to analyze ! _m explanations ( ?is sort :i* h be5 (f]$1 & :i* are famili> to ! read]2 we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) say+ t evid5ce ( a great _m k9ds1 l>gely /ati/ical &1 9 our op9ion1 reliable1 indicates t physiological causes play a m9or "p 9 ! decrease ( ! bir?-rate4#abe ,or1 pla9ly1 wom5 no long] be> z _m *ildr51 because !y don't want to4 ,?is accords ) ,dr4 ,cattel's inquiry ( #dfa ,am]ican m5 ( sci5ce2 9 #bhe cases x 0 /at$ t ! family 0 volunt>ily limit$1 ! cause be+ giv5 z heal? 9 #acc cases1 exp5se 9 #ih cases1 & v>i\s 9 #ed cases4 ,sidney ,webb's inve/igation among intellectuals 9 ,london %[$ an ev5 great] proportion ( volunt>y limitation4 ,! exhau/ive inve/igation ( ! ,galton ,laboratory ( ,national ,eug5ics leaves little room = d\bt t 9 ,engl& ! decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate began ab\t #ahgf-gh1 :5 ! trial ( ,*>les ,bradlaugh & ! ,!osophi/ lead]1 ,mrs4 ,annie ,besant1 on ! *>ge ( circulat+ neo-,mal?usian lit]ature1 focus$ public att5tion on ! possibility ( bir? control1 & gradually br\ght a k ( ! means ( contraception )9 rea* ( _m4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates /ati/ics are lack+1 b m$ical m5 & o!rs 9 a position to =m op9ions g5]ally agree t ! limitation ( bir?s has be5 /eadily increas+ = ! la/ few decades2 & ) ! propag&a at pres5t go+ on1 x is pretty sure to increase mu* m rapidly dur+ ! next decade or two4 ,"s in/ructive results c be drawn1 9 ?is connection1 f a /udy ( ! families ( ,me?odi/ cl]gym5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#abf ,al?\gh #ih out ( e hundr$ ( !m m>ry1 & !y m>ry e>ly1 ! bir?-rate is n high4 ,its di/ribution is pres5t$ 9 ! accompany+ graph 7,fig4 #ch74 ,x is evid5t t !y h t5d$ to /&>dize ! two-*ild family :i* is s mu* 9 evid5ce among college pr(essors & educat$ classes g5]ally1 all ov] ! _w4 ,! pres5ce ( a consid]able numb] ( l>ge families raises ! av]age numb] ( surviv+ *ildr5 ( prom95t ,me?odi/s to #c4ab4 ,& 9 s expla9+ ! cause ( ! decl9+ bir?-rate among native-born ,am]icans1 we h also f\nd ! pr9cipal reason = ! diff]5tial nature ( ! decl9e 9 ! nation at l>ge1 :i* is ! feature t al>ms ! eug5i/4 ,! m intellig5t & well-to-d "p ( ! population has be5 able to get & use ! ne$$ in=mation1 & limit its bir?-rate2 ! poor & ignorant has be5 less able to d s1 & _! rate ( increase has !re=e be5 m natural 9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( cases4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t _m eug5i/s %\ld h advocat$ wid] dissem9ation ( ! k ( means ( limit+ bir?s1 ) ! idea t if ?is practice 7 ext5d$ to ! l[] classes1 _! bir?-rate w\ld decrease j ! same z has t ( ! upp] classes1 & ! al>m+ diff]5tial rate w\ld !re=e be aboli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,families ,,( ,,prom95t ,,me?odi/s ,,fig4 #ch4--,! heavy l9e %[s ! di/ribution ( families ( prom95t ,me?odi/s 7mo/ly cl]gym57 :o m>ri$ only once4 ,elev5 p]c5t _h no surviv+ *ildr5 & ne>ly half ( ! families consi/$ ( two *ildr5 or less4 ,! dott$ l9e %[s ! families ( ^? :o 7 twice m>ri$4 ,x w\ld naturally be expect$ t two wom5 w\ld be> consid]ably m *ildr5 ?an "o woman1 b z an av]age fact x appe>s t a second wife means ! addition ( only half a *ild to ! m9i/]'s family4 ,x is impossible to avoid ! conclusion t ! bir?-rate 9 ^! families is det]m9$ m by ! desire ( ! p>5ts 7bas$ on economic gr\nds7 ?an on ! natural fecundity ( ! wom54 ,9 o!r words1 ! numb] ( *ildr5 is limit$ to ! numb] :om ! m9i/] c af=d to br+ up on 8 inadequate sal>y4 ,aga9/ ?is x might be argu$ t ! desir$ result w nev] be :olly atta9$1 because ! mo/ effective means ( bir? control involve "s exp5se1 & because _! effective use presupposes a c]ta9 am\nt ( =esight & self-control :i* is n always f\nd among ! l[] /rata ( society4 ,despite c]ta9 dang]s accompany+ a widespread dissem9ation ( ! k ( h[ to limit bir?s1 x seems to be ! op9ion ( mo/ eug5i/s t if free access to su* in=mation be n p]mitt$ t at lea/ su* k ought to be giv5 9 _m families1 :]e x w\ld be to ! advantage ( society t few] *ildr5 be produc$4 ,su* a /ep1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be tak5 on ! individual responsibility ( a doctor1 nurse or o!r social work]4 ,a propag&a has aris5 dur+ rec5t ye>s1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! repeal ( all laws :i* prohibit giv+ k ab\t & sell+ contraceptives4 ,:e!r or n x succe$s 9 *ang+ ! law x w1 l ! ,bradlaugh-,besant episode1 spread contraception widely4 ,?is propag&a is bas$ l>gely on social & economic gr\nds1 & is sometimes unsci5tific 9 its me?ods & av[$ aims4 ,b :atev] its nature may be1 !re seems little reason 7judg+ f analogy 9 ,european c\ntries7 to believe t x c be /opp$4 ,! infant mortality movem5t also has an effect "h :i* is r>ely recogniz$4 ,x is a /ock argum5t ( bir? control propag&i/s t a high bir?-rate means a high rate ( infant mortality2 b ,a4 ,o4 ,p[ys has demon/rat$ t cause & effect are to "s ext5t rev]s$ 9 ?is /atem5t1 & t x is equally true t a high rate ( infant mortality means a high bir?-rate1 9 a section ( ! population :]e bir? control is n practic$4 ,! explanation is ! famili> fact t conception takes place less (t5 9 nurs+ mo!rs4 ,b if a *ild dies e>ly or is bottle-f$1 a new conception is likely to occur mu* soon] ?an w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,by r$uc+ infant mortality & tea*+ mo!rs to fe$ _! babies naturally1 ! infant mortality movem5t is !reby r$uc+ ! bir?-rate 9 ! poor] "p ( ! population1 a eug5ic s]vice :i* to "s ext5t (fsets ! dysg5ic results t1 z we %all %[ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 foll[ ! ,save ! ,babies propag&a4 ,) ! spread ( ! bir? control & infant mortality movem5ts "o may !re=e look =w>d to "s dim9ution ( ! diff]5tial elem5t 9 ! bir?-rate1 toge!r ) a fur!r decl9e 9 t bir?-rate z a :ole4 ,su* a situation1 :i* seems to u almo/ a c]ta9ty )9 ! next decade or two1 w n *ange ! duty ( eug5ics1 on :i* we h be5 insi/+ 9 ?is *apt] &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ?r\gh\t ! pres5t book4 ,x w be j z necess>y z ev] t ! families :i* are1 & h be5 9 ! pa/1 ( ! greate/ b5efit & value to ! c\ntry1 h a high] bir?-rate4 ,! greate/ task ( eug5ics1 z we see x1 w /ill be to f9d means by :i* ! bir?-rate among su* families c be increas$4 ,?is increase 9 ! bir?-rate among sup]ior p mu/ dep5d l>gely on a *ange 9 public s5tim5t4 ,su* a *ange may be br\ght ab\t 9 _m ways4 ,! au?ority ( religion may be invok$1 z x is by ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,mormon *ur*es#abg ^: communicants are con/antly taught t fecundity is a virtue & volunt>y /]ility a s94 ,un=tunately _! appeal fails to make prop] discrim9ations4 ,:atev] may be ! !ological reasons = su* an attitude on ! "p ( ! *ur*es1 its practical eug5ic significance is cle> en\gh4 ,no?+ c be m c]ta9 ?an t1 if pres5t conditions cont9ue1 ,roman ,ca?olics w soon be 9 an ov]:elm+ prepond]ance 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 because ( ! diff]5tial bir?-rate1 if = no o!r reason2 & t ! ,mormon population w /eadily ga9 gr\nd 9 ! we/4 ,simil>ly1 x is alleg$ t ! population ( ,france is gradually assum+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,breton race1 because t race is ! notably fecund section ( ! population1 :ile ne>ly all ! o!r compon5ts ( ! nation are committ+ race suicide 7al?\gh n s rapidly z is ! old :ite /ock 9 ,new ,engl&74 ,aga91 ! rle ( religion 9 eug5ics is %[n 9 ,*9a1 :]e ance/or wor%ip leads to a desire = *ildr51 & makes x a disgrace to be *ildless4 ,a process analog\s to natural selection applies to religions mu* z x does to races2 & if ! ,*9ese religion1 ) its requirem5t ( a high bir?-rate1 & ! pres5t-day ,am]ican ,prote/ant =m ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ) its lack ( eug5ic tea*+1 %\ld come into direct competition1 "u equal conditions ( environm5t1 x is obvi\s t ! ,*9ese =m w\ld be ! ev5tual survivor1 j because its adh]5ts w\ld /eadily increase & ^? ( its rival w\ld z /eadily decrease4 ,su* a situation may seem fanciful2 yet ! lead]s ( e *ur* may well consid] :e!r ! religion :i* !y prea* is calculat$ to fill all ! ne$s ( its adh]5ts1 if x is sil5t on ! subject ( eug5ics4 ,! influ5ce ( economic factors on ! bir?-rate is m>k$4 ,! *ild1 "u mod]n urban conditions1 is n an economic asset1 z he 0 on ! f>m 9 e>li] days4 ,he is an economic liability in/ead4 ,& ) ! con/ant rise ( ! /&>d ( liv+1 ) ! increase ( taxation1 ! *ild /eadily becomes m ( a liability4 ,_m m>ri$ p desire *ildr51 or m *ildr51 b feel t !y c n h !m )\t sacrific+ some?+ t !y are unwill+ to sacrifice4 ,analysis ( ?is increase 9 ! co/ ( *ildr51 reveals n less ?an five ma9 elem5ts :i* des]ve att5tion f eug5i/s4 #a4 ,x co/s m to clo! *ildr5 ?an x us$ to4 ,n only does clo?+ ( a giv5 quality co/ m n[ ?an x did a decade or two ago1 b !re are m fabrics & designs available1 & _m ( ^!1 :ile attractive1 are co/ly & n durable4 ,compliance to fa%ion has increas+ly made itself felt 9 ! clo?+ ( ! *ild4 #b4 ,x co/s m to fe$ !m ?an x us$ to4 ,n only has food = ev]yone increas$ 9 price1 b ! /&>ds = fe$+ *ildr5 h be5 rais$4 ,once *ildr5 7 expect$ to be cont5t ) pla9 f>e2 n[ x is m frequ5tly ! cu/om to give !m j :at ! re/ ( ! family eats4 #c4 ,! co/ ( m$ical att5tion has increas$4 ,all dem& m ( ! doctors n[ ?an !y did 9 ! la/ g5]ation4 ,! doctors are able to d m ?an !y =m]ly c\ld1 & p>ticul>ly = 8 *ildr51 e man wants ! be/ t he c possibly af=d4 ,h5ce m$ical att5dance = a *ild is con/antly becom+ m co/ly1 because m frequ5t2 & fur!r1 ! am\nt ( money :i* p>5ts sp5d on m$ical att5dance = _! *ildr5 usually increases ) any increase 9 _! income4 #d4 ,! co/ ( dome/ic labor is great]4 ,mo/ k9ds ( dome/ic s]vice h m ?an d\bl$ 9 price )9 ! memory ( relatively "y p4 ,moreov]1 x is gradually be+ realiz$ t a high /&>d is desirable 9 select+ a nurse = *ildr54 ,z a fact1 a *ildr5's nurse ought to h mu* great] qualifications ?an ! nurse ^: duty is to c>e = sick adults4 ,if a "m is oblig$ to delegate "p ( ! "w ( br++ up h] *ildr5 to "s o!r woman1 %e is beg9n+ to recognize t ?is sub/itute "m %\ld h sup]ior ability2 & ! tea*]s ( subconsci\s psy*ology h emphasiz$ ! importance ( giv+ a *ild only ! be/ possible intellectual surr\nd+s4 ,ignorant nursemaids are unwill+ly tol]at$1 & z ! numb] ( compet5t assi/ants = mo!rs is v small1 ! co/ is correspond+ly high4 ,an increase 9 ! numb] ( p]sons tra9$ = su* "w is to be anticipat$1 b x is likely t ! dem& = !m w gr[ ev5 m rapidly2 h5ce !re is no reason to expect t compet5t dome/ic help w become any less co/ly ?an x is n[4 #e4 ,! /&>ds ( education h ris5 /eadily4 ,!re is p]haps no o!r feature :i* has t5d$ m to limit families4 ,consci5ti\s p>5ts h (t5 det]m9$ to h no m *ildr5 ?an !y c\ld af=d to educate 9 ! be/ possible way4 ,?is meant at lea/ a college education1 & frequ5tly has l$ to "o & two-*ild families4 ,x is a motive ( bir? control :i* calls = condemnation4 ,! old idea ( valuable m5tal discipl9e = all k9ds ( m5tal "w to be ga9$ f protract$ difficult =mal education is n[ reject$ by educational psy*ologi/s1 b its preval5ce 9 ! popul> m9d s]ves to make high] education /ill some?+ ( a feti%1 f :i* m>vel\s results1 n capable ( precise compreh5sion1 are anticipat$4 ,we d n disp>age ! value ( a college education1 9 say+ t p>5ts %\ld n atta* su* importance to x z to lead !m to limit _! family to ! numb] to :om !y c give #bj ye>s ( education )\t pecuni>y comp5sation4 ,! effect ( ^! v>i\s factors 9 ! increas+ co/ ( *ildr5 is to decrease fecundity n s mu* on ! basis ( income ( p>5ts1 z on ! basis ( _! /&>ds4 ,! prud5t1 consci5ti\s p>5t is !re=e ! "o mo/ affect$1 & ! r$uction 9 bir?s is greate/ 9 t class1 :]e eug5ics is mo/ lo? to see x4 ,! rem$y appe>s to be a *ange 9 public op9ion :i* w result 9 a tru] idea ( values4 ,"s readju/m5ts 9 family budgets are call$ =1 :i* w discrim9ate m cle>ly betwe5 exp5diture t is wor? :ile1 & t :i* is n4 ,)\t depriv+ 8 *ildr5 ( ! be/ m$ical att5tion & education1 "o may elim9ate ^? invidi\s s\rces ( exp5se :i* b5efit nei!r ! *ildr5 nor anyone else1--ov]dress+1 = in/ance4 ,a simplification ( life w\ld n only enable sup]ior p to h l>g] families1 b w\ld (t5 be an advantage to ! *ildr5 already born4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fact t high] /&>ds 9 a population lead to few] *ildr5 sugge/s a valuable means ( r$uc+ ! bir?-rate ( ! inf]ior4 ,raise _! l[ /&>ds ( liv+ & !y w r$uce _! own f]tility volunt>ily 7! bir? control movem5t furni%+ !m ) ! possibility74 ,all educational "w 9 ! slums !re=e is likely to h a valuable ?\gh indirect eug5ic outcome4 ,! poor =eign-speak+ areas 9 l>ge cities1 :]e immigrants live huddl$ toge!r 9 squalor1 %\ld be brok5 up4 ,z ^! p are giv5 new ideas ( com=t1 & z _! *ildr5 are educat$ 9 ,am]ican ways ( liv+1 !re is e reason to expect a decl9e 9 _! bir?-rate1 simil> to t :i* has tak5 place among ! native-born dur+ ! pa/ g5]ation4 ,?is elevation ( /&>ds 9 ! l[] classes w be accompli%$ )\t any p>ticul> ex]tion f eug5i/s2 !re are _m ag5cies at "w 9 ?is field1 al?\gh !y r>ely realize ! result ( _! "w :i* we h j po9t$ out4 ,b to effect a discrim9at+ *ange 9 ! /&>ds ( ! m intellig5t & bett] educat$ classes calls = a real ef=t on ! "p ( all ^? :o h ! welf>e ( society at he>t4 ,! difficulties are great en\gh & ! ob/acles are evid5t en\gh2 x is m enc\rag+ to look at ! o!r side1 & to see evid5ces t ! public is awak5+4 ,! ev5ts ( e mon? %[ t ! ideals ( eug5ics are filt]+ ?r\gh ! public m9d m rapidly ?an "s ( u1 a decade ago1 felt ju/ifi$ 9 expect+4 ,!re is a gr[+ recognition ( ! dang] ( bad bre$+2 a gr[+ recognition 9 "s qu>t]s at lea/ ( ! ne$ = m *ildr5 f ! sup]ior "p ( ! population2 a gr[+ outcry aga9/ ! excessive /&>ds ( luxury t are mak+ *ildr5 !mselves luxuries4 ,! numb] ( ^? :o call !mselves eug5i/s1 or :o are 9 sympa?y ) ! aims ( eug5ics1 is increas+ e ye>1 z is evid5c$ by ! gr[? ( su* an organization z ! ,am]ican ,g5etic ,association4 ,legislators %[ an eag] desire to pass measures t z !y 7too (t5 wrongly7 believe w h a eug5ic result4 ,mo/ colleges & univ]sities are tea*+ ! pr9ciples ( h]$ity1 & a great _m ( !m add def9ite in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples ( eug5ics4 ,al?\gh ! ultimate aim ( eug5ics--to raise ! level ( ! :ole human race--is p]haps z great an und]tak+ z ! human m9d c conceive1 ! ,am]ican nation %[s di/9ct signs ( a will+ness to grapple ) x4 ,& ?is book w h fail$ 9 its purpose1 if x has n conv9c$ ! read] t means are available = attack+ ! problem at _m po9ts1 & t imm$iate progress is n a m]e dream4 ,"o ( ! fir/ necess>y /eps is a *ange 9 educational me?ods to give great] emphasis to p>5?ood4 ,& ?is *ange1 x is a great pleasure to be able to say1 is be+ made 9 _m places4 ,! public s*ools are gradually beg9n+ to tea* mo!rcraft1 "u v>i\s guises1 9 _m cities & ! ,s*ool ( ,practical ,arts1 ,columbia ,univ41 gives a c\rse 9 ! ,physical ,c>e ( ! ,infant4 ,public & private in/itutions are beg9n+ to recognize1 :at has long be5 ignor$1 t p>5?ood is "o ( ! functions ( m5 & wom51 t[>d :i* _! education %\ld be direct$4 ,e su* /ep w t5d1 we believe1 to increase ! bir?-rate among ! sup]ior classes ( ! community2 e su* /ep is !re=e1 indirectly if n directly1 a ga9 = eug5ics2 =1 z we h emphasiz$ "t & aga91 a *ange 9 public op9ion1 to recognize p>5?ood z a beautiful & desirable ?+1 is "o ( ! fir/ desid]ata ( ! eug5ics program4 ,! introduction ( dome/ic sci5ce & its rapid spread are v gratify+1 yet !re are s]i\s %ortcom+s1 z r too vigor\sly set =? by ,a4 ,e4 ,hamilton3 ,!re are r[s ( little gas /oves ov] :i* prospective wives conduct cul9>y *emical exp]im5ts4 ,!re are c\rses 9 biology1 some?+ ( physiology & hygi5e1 ! art ( int]ior decoration & ! sci5ce ( wa%+ clo!s4 ,!re is text-book sociology & sometimes lectures on h]$ity or eug5ics4 ,b ! smile ( incr$ulity z to my s]i\sness :5 ,i ask$ a ,pr(essor 9 ! ,m>g>et ,morrison ,c>negie ,s*ool a college ( ,practical ,arts = ,wom51 ',:]e are ! babies8' is typical4 ,babies 7 impossible4 ,!y w\ld int]f]e ) ! curriculum1 !re 0 no "t = practice ) babies1 & besides1 :]e c\ld !y be got1 & h[ c\ld !y be tak5 c>e (8 ,! /ud5ts 7 altoge!r too busy ) calories1 balanc$ rations1 & ! hi/ory ( m$ieval art4 ,p]haps ! "t is n s f> di/ant :5 babies w be consid]$ an integral "p ( a girl's curriculum4 ,if educators beg9 sy/ematically to educate ! emotions z well z ! intellect1 !y w h tak5 a long /ep t[>d increas+ ! bir?-rate ( ! sup]ior4 ,! next /ep w be to correlate income m truly ) ability 9 su* a way z to make x possible = sup]ior "y p>5ts to af=d *ildr5 e>li]4 ,! *ild ought1 if eug5ically desirable1 to be made an asset r ?an a liability2 if ?is c n be done1 ! p>5ts %\ld at lea/ n be p5aliz$ = hav+ *ildr54 ,9 ?is *apt]1 emphasis has be5 laid on ! ne$ = a *ange 9 public op9ion2 9 future *apt]s "s economic & social re=ms w be sugge/$1 :i* x is believ$ w\ld t5d to make sup]ior p>5ts feel will+ to h m *ildr54 ,! education ( public op9ion :i*1 act+ ?r\gh ! _m ag5cies nam$1 w gradually br+ ab\t an increase 9 ! bir?-rate ( sup]ior p1 w n be spe$y2 b x has begun4 ,! writ]s1 !re=e1 feel ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+1 n solely z a matt] ( optimi/ic affirmation1 b because ( ! evid5ce available1 t ! race suicide n[ tak+ place 9 ! old ,am]ican /ock w soon rea* its l[e/ limit1 & t !reaft] ! bir?-rate 9 t p>ticul> /ock w sl[ly rise4 ,if x does1 & if1 z seems probable1 ! bir?-rate 9 "s inf]ior sections ( ! ,am]ican population at ! same "t falls f its pres5t level1 a *ange 9 ! racial composition ( ! nation w take place1 :i*1 judg$ by pa/ hi/ory1 is b\nd to be ( great eug5ic value4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,color ,,l9e ,a "y :ite woman1 a graduate ( a great univ]sity ( ! f> ,nor?1 :]e ,negroes are seldom se51 res5t$ x mo/ indignantly :5 %e 0 ?reat5$ ) social o/racism 9 a city f>!r ,s\? ) a l>ge ,negro population because %e insi/$ ^u receiv+ ^u t]ms ( social equality a ,negro man :o _h be5 h] classmate4#abh ,! incid5t seems trivial4 ,b ! ph5om5on back ( x1 ! color l9e1 is s f>-rea*+ t x des]ves c>eful exam9ation4 ,z ! incid5t sugge/s1 ! color l9e is n a univ]sal ph5om5on4 ,! ,g]mans appe> to h little av]sion to receiv+ ,negroes--9 ,g]many--on t]ms ( equality4 ,^! same ,g]mans1 :5 br\ght face to face ) ! "q 9 _! colonies1 or 9 ! s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 quickly *ange _! attitude4 ,simil>ly a ,negro 9 ,great ,brita9 labors "u mu* less disadvantage ?an he does among ! ,briti% inhabitants ( ,au/ralia or ,s\? ,africa4 ,! color l9e !re=e exi/s only z ! result ( race exp]i5ce4 ,?is fact alone is suffici5t to sugge/ t "o %\ld n dismiss x lightly z ! outgr[? ( bigotry4 ,is is n p]haps a social adaptation ) survival value8 ,! purpose ( ?is *apt] is to analyze society's unconsci\s reason+ :i* has l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a color l9e--to ! d5ial ( social equality--:]ev] ! :ite#abi & black races h long be5 9 contact dur+ rec5t hi/ory2 & to see :e!r ?is discrim9ation appe>s to be ju/ifi$ by eug5ics4 ,j4 ,m4 ,meckl9#acj summ>izes society's logic z foll[s3 ,:5 society p]mits ! free social int]c\rse ( two "y p]sons ( simil> tra9+ & int]e/s1 x tacitly gives its cons5t to ! possible legitimate results ( su* relations1 namely1 m>riage4 ,b m>riage is n a matt] t conc]ns ! contract+ p>ties alone2 x is social 9 its orig9 & f society come its sanctions4 ,x is society's legitimatis$ me?od = ! p]petuation ( ! race 9 ! l>g] & inclusive s5se ( a cont9u\s racial type :i* %all be ! be>] ( a cont9u\s & progressive civilization4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 )9 ! community1 two racial gr\ps ( su* widely div]g5t physical & psy*ic *>act]i/ics t ! bl5d+ ( ! two de/roys ! purity ( ! type ( bo? & introduces confusion--! result ( ! bl5d is a mongrel4 ,! pres]vation ( ! unbrok51 self-consci\s exi/5ce ( ! :ite or dom9ant e?nic gr\p is synonym\s ) ! pres]vation ( all t has mean+ & inspiration 9 its pa/ & hope = its future4 ,x =bids by law1 !re=e1 or by ! equally effective social taboo1 any?+ t w\ld t5d to contam9ate ! purity ( its /ock or jeop>dize ! integrity ( its social h]itage4 ,x is ne$less to say t ! social m9d does n consci\sly g ?r\gh any su* process ( reason+1 be=e x draws a color l9e4 ,! social m9d r>ely ev5 attempts to ju/ify its conclusions4 ,x m]ely holds a g5]al attitude ( sup]iority1 :i* 9 _m cases appe>s to be no?+ m ?an a feel+ t ano!r race is diff]5t4 ,9 :at way diff]5t8 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! :ite race & ! black 7or any o!r race7 might consi/ ( two elem5ts3 7#a7 diff]5ces 9 h]$ity--biological diff]5ces2 7#b7 diff]5ces 9 traditions1 environm5t1 cu/oms--social diff]5ces1 9 %ort4 ,a critical inquir] w\ld want to "k :i* k9d ( diff]5ce 0 great]1 = he w\ld at once see t ! second k9d might be remov$ by education & o!r social =ces1 :ile ! fir/ k9d w\ld be sub/antially p]man5t4 ,x is n difficult to f9d p]sons ( prom95ce :o w ass]t t all ! diff]5ces betwe5 :ite & ,negro are diff]5ces ( a social nature1 t ! diff]5ces ( a physical nature are negligible1 & t if ! ,negro is giv5 a *ance ! significant diff]5ces w disappe>4 ,?is attitude p]meates ! public s*ool sy/em ( nor!rn /ates4 ,a rec5t report on ! condition ( ,negro pupils 9 ! ,new ,york ,city public s*ools pr(esses to give few1 p]haps no1 recomm5dations t w\ld n apply to ! *ildr5 ( o!r races4 ,:]e ! application is m true 9 reg>d to color$ *ildr51 x seems l>gely to be because ( ?is lack ( equal ju/ice 9 ! cases ( _! p>5ts4 ,race weakness appe>s b ?is c\ld easily be balanc$ by ! same or simil> weakness 9 o!r races4 ,giv5 an education c>efully adapt$ to 8 ne$s & a fair *ance = employm5t1 ! normal *ild ( any race w succe$1 unless ! burd5 ( wrong home conditions lies too heavily ^u him4#aca ,z ! writ] does n def9e :at %e means by succe$1 "o is oblig$ to guess at :at %e means3 ,h] an?ropology is app>5tly simil> to t ( ,franz ,boas ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 :o has said t1 ,no pro( c be giv5 ( any mat]ial inf]iority ( ! ,negro race2--)\t d\bt ! bulk ( ! individuals compos+ ! race are equal 9 m5tal aptitude to ! bulk ( our own p4 ,if su* a /atem5t is :olly true1 ! color l9e c h>dly be ju/ifi$1 b mu/ be reg>d$1 z x is n[ ! case sometimes1 z m]ely ! expression ( prejudice & ignorance4 ,if ! only diff]5ces betwe5 :ite & black1 :i* c n be remov$ by education1 are ( no real significance1--a *ocolate hue ( sk91 a c]ta9 k9k9ess ( hair1 & s on1--!n logically ! :ite race %\ld remove ! h&icaps :i* lack ( education & bad environm5t h plac$ on ! ,negro1 & receive him on t]ms ( p]fect equality1 9 bus9ess1 9 politics1 & 9 m>riage4 ,! proposition ne$s only to be /at$ 9 ?is frank =m1 to ar\se an in/9ctive prote/ on ! "p ( mo/ ,am]icans4 ,yet x has be5 urg$ 9 an almo/ equally frank =m by _m writ]s1 f ! days ( ! abolitioni/s to ! pres5t1 & x seems to be ! logical consequ5ce ( ! position adopt$ by su* an?ropologi/s z ,pr(essor ,boas1 & by ! educators & o!rs :o proclaim t !re are no significant diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,negro & ! :ite1 except su* z are due to social conditions & :i*1 !re=e1 c be remov$4 ,b :at are ^! social diff]5ces1 :i* x is ! cu/om to dismiss 9 su* a light-he>t$ way8 ,are !y n bas$ on fundam5tal incompatibilities ( racial temp]am5t1 :i* 9 turn are bas$ on diff]5ces 9 h]$ity8 ,mod]n sociologi/s = ! ma9 "p h no illusions z to ! ease ) :i* ^! diff]5ces 9 racial tradition & cu/om c be remov$4 ,! social h]itage ( ! ,negro has be5 describ$ at great l5g? & (t5 ) little reg>d = fact1 by hundr$s ( writ]s4 ,only a glance c be giv5 ! subject "h1 b x may pr(itably be ask$ :at ! ,negro did :5 he 0 left to himself 9 ,africa4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! ,african ,negro is ! l[ =ms ( social organization1 ! lack ( indu/rial & political coop]ation1 & consequ5tly ! almo/ entire abs5ce ( social & national self-consci\sness4 ,?is r ?an intellectual inf]iority expla9s ! lack ( social sympa?y1 ! pres5ce ( su* b>b>\s in/itutions z cannibalism & slav]y1 ! l[ position ( woman1 ineffici5cy 9 ! indu/rial & me*anical arts1 ! l[ type ( gr\p morals1 rudim5t>y art-s5se1 lack ( race-pride & self-ass]tiv5ess1 & 9 intellectual & religi\s life l>gely synonym\s ) feti%ism & sorc]y4#acb ,an elem5t>y k ( ! hi/ory ( ,africa1 or ! m rec5t & mu*-quot$ example ( ,haiti1 is suffici5t to prove t ! ,negro's own social h]itage is at a level f> bel[ t ( ! :ites among :om he is liv+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no matt] h[ mu* "o may admire "s ( ! ,negro's individual traits1 "o mu/ admit t 8 developm5t ( gr\p traits is primitive1 & sugge/s a m5tal developm5t :i* is also primitive4 ,if ! numb] ( orig9al contributions :i* x has made to ! _w's civilization is any fair crit]ion ( ! relative value ( a race1 !n ! ,negro race mu/ be plac$ v ne> z]o on ! scale4#acc ,! foll[+ hi/orical consid]ations sugge/ t 9 comp>ison ) "s o!r races ! ,negro race is g]m9ally lack+ 9 ! high] developm5ts ( intellig5ce3 #a4 ,t ! ,negro race 9 ,africa has nev]1 by its own initiative1 ris5 mu* above b>b>ism1 al?\gh x has be5 expos$ to a consid]able range ( environm5ts & has _h abundant "t 9 :i* to br+ to expression any inh]it$ traits x may possess4 #b4 ,t :5 transplant$ to a new environm5t--say1 ,haiti--& left to its own res\rces1 ! ,negro race has %[n ! same inability to rise2 x has !re1 inde$1 lo/ mo/ ( :at x _h acquir$ f ! sup]ior civilization ( ! ,fr5*4 #c4 ,t :5 plac$ side by side ) ! :ite race1 ! ,negro race aga9 fails to come up to _! /&>d1 or inde$ to come any:]e ne> x4 ,x is (t5 alleg$ t ?is ?ird te/ is an unfair "o2 t ! social h]itage ( slav]y mu/ be elim9at$ be=e ! ,negro c be expect$ to %[ 8 true wor?4 ,b contra/ 8 c>e] 9 & aft] slav]y ) t ( ! ,mamelukes ( ,egypt1 :o 7 slaves1 b slaves ( good /ock4 ,!y quickly rose to be ! real rul]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,aga91 comp>e ! record ( ! ,greek slaves 9 ! ,roman republic & empire or t ( ! ,jews "u ,islam4 ,)\t pu%+ ^! analogies too f>1 is n "o =c$ to conclude t ! ,negro lacks 9 8 g]m-plasm excell5ce ( "s qualities :i* ! :ite races possess1 & :i* are ess5tial = success 9 competition ) ! civilizations ( ! :ite races at ! pres5t day8 ,if s1 x mu/ be admitt$ n only t ! ,negro is diff]5t f ! :ite1 b t he is 9 ! l>ge eug5ically inf]ior to ! :ite4 ,?is conclusion is bas$ on ! relative a*ievem5ts ( ! race2 x mu/ be te/$ by ! m precise me?ods ( ! an?ropological laboratory4 ,satisfactory /udies ( ! ,negro %\ld be mu* m num]\s1 b !re are a few in=mative ones4 ,physical *>act]s are fir/ to be consid]$4 ,z a result ( ! c>eful measurem5t ( _m skulls1 ,k>l ,pe>son#acd has come to ! foll[+ conclusions3 ,!re is = ! be/ asc]ta9able *>act]s a cont9u\s relation%ip f ! ,european skull1 ?r\gh prehi/oric ,european1 prehi/oric ,egyptian1 ,congo-,gaboon ,negroes to ,zulus & ,kafirs4 ,! indication is t ( a long diff]5tiat$ evolution1 9 :i* ! ,negro lies ne>] to ! common /em ?an ! ,european2 he is ne>] to ! *ildhood ( man4 ,?is does n prove any m5tal inf]iority3 !re is little or no relation betwe5 con=mation ( skull & m5tal qualities1 & x is a great mi/ake to make ha/y inf]5ces f physical to m5tal traits4 ,bean & ,mall h made /udies directly on ! bra91 b x is n possible to draw any sure conclusions f _! "w4 ,a4 ,hrdlicka f\nd physical diff]5ces betwe5 ! two races1 b did n /udy traits ( any p>ticul> eug5ic significance4 ,on ! :ole1 ! /udies ( physical an?ropologi/s (f] little ( int]e/ = ! pres5t purpose4 ,/udies ( m5tal traits are m to ! po9t1 b are un=tunately vitiat$ 9 _m cases by ! fact t no di/9ction 0 made betwe5 full-blood ,negroes & mulattoes1 al?\gh ! pres5ce ( :ite blood mu/ necess>ily h a m>k$ influ5ce on ! traits "u consid]ation4 ,if ! inve/igations are disc\nt$ :5 necess>y = ?is reason1 x appe>s t 9 ! m elem5t>y m5tal processes ! two races are approximately equal4 ,:ite & color$ *ildr5 9 ! ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 s*ools rank$ equally well 9 memory2 ! color$ *ildr5 7 f\nd to be some:at ! m s5sitive to heat4#ace ,summ+ up ! available evid5ce1 ,g4 ,o4 ,f]guson concludes t 9 ! s-call$ l[] traits !re is no great diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,negro & ! :ite4 ,9 motor capacity !re is probably no appreciable racial diff]5ce4 ,9 s5se capacity1 9 p]ceptive & discrim9ative ability1 !re is likewise a practical equality4 ,?is is :at "o w\ld1 a priori1 probably expect4 ,b x is on ! high] m5tal functions t race progress l>gely dep5ds1 & ! ,negro mu/ be judg$ eug5ically ma9ly by 8 %[+ 9 ^! high] functions4 ,"o ( ! fir/ /udies 9 ?is l9e is t ( ,m4 ,j4 ,mayo1#acf :o summ>izes x z foll[s3 ,! m$ian age ( :ite pupils at ! "t ( ent]+ high s*ool 9 ! city ( ,new ,york is #ad ye>s #f mon?s3 ( color$ pupils #ae ye>s #a mon?--a diff]5ce ( #g mon?s4 ,! av]age deviation = :ites is #i mon?s2 = color$ #ae mon?s4 ,tw5ty-sev5 p] c5t ( ! :ites are z old z ! m$ian age ( ! color$ or old]4 ,color$ pupils rema9 9 s*ool a great] l5g? ( "t ?an d ! :ites4 ,= ! case /udi$ #aej :ite & #aej color$1 ! av]age "t sp5t 9 high s*ool = :ite pupils 0 #c4h t]ms2 = color$ #d4e t]ms4 ,ab\t #bh ( ! :ites atta9 ! av]age "t ( att5dance = color$4 ,consid]+ ! entire s*ola/ic record1 ! m$ian m>k ( ! #aej :ite pupils is #ff2 ( ! #aej color$ pupils #fb2 a diff]5ce ( #d4 ,! av]age deviation ( :ite pupils is #g2 ( color$ #f4e4 ,tw5ty-n9e p] c5t4 ( ! color$ pupils rea* or surpass ! m$ian m>k ( ! :ites4 ,! :ite pupils h a high] av]age /&+ 9 all subjects 444 ! color$ pupils are ab\t #c_/d z effici5t z ! :ites 9 ! pursuit ( high s*ool /udies4 ,?is :ole inve/igation is probably mu* too favorable to ! ,negro race1 fir/ because ,negro high s*ool pupils repres5t a m c>eful selection ?an d ! :ite pupils2 b mo/ ( all because no di/9ction 0 made betwe5 ,negroes & mulattoes4 ,b4 ,a4 ,phillips1 /udy+ ! public elem5t>y s*ools ( ,philadelphia1 f\nd#acg t ! p]c5tage ( ret>dation 9 ! color$ s*ools rang$ f #gb4h to #eh4b1 :ile ! p]c5tage ( ret>dation 9 ! di/ricts :i* conta9$ ! s*ools rang$ f #de4a to #cc4c4 ,! av]age p]c5tage ( ret>dation = ! city z a :ole 0 #dj4c4 ,ea* ( ! color$ s*ools _h a great] p]c5tage ( ret>dation ?an any ( ! :ite s*ools1 ev5 ^? compos$ almo/ entirely ( =eign]s1 & 9 ^? s*ools att5d$ by bo? :ite & color$ pupils ! p]c5tage ( ret>dation on ! :ole v>i$ directly ) ! p]c5tage ( color$ pupils 9 att5dance4 ,^! facts might be int]pret$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,x might be t ! curriculum 0 n well adapt$ to ! color$ *ildr51 or t !y came f bad home environm5ts1 or t !y diff]$ 9 age1 etc4 ,dr4 ,phillips accord+ly und]took to get fur!r light on ! cause ( ret>dation ( ! color$ pupils by apply+ ,b9et te/s to :ite & color$ *ildr5 ( ! same *ronological age & home conditions1 & f\nd a diff]5ce 9 ! accel]ation betwe5 ! two races ( #ca 9 favor ( ! :ite boys1 #be 9 favor ( ! :ite girls1 #bh 9 favor ( ! :ite pupils ) boys & girls comb9$4 ,a4 ,c4 ,/rong1 us+ ! ,b9et-,simon te/s1 f\nd#ach color$ s*ool *ildr5 ( ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c41 consid]ably less intellig5t ?an :ite *ildr54 ,w4 ,h4 ,pyle made an ext5sive te/#aci ( #djh color$ pupils 9 ,miss\ri public s*ools & comp>$ !m ) :ite pupils4 ,he concludes3 ,9 g5]al ! m>ks indicat+ m5tal ability ( ! ,negro are ab\t two-?irds ^? ( ! :ites4444 ,9 ! sub/itution1 controll$ association1 & ,ebb+haus te/s1 ! ,negroes are less ?an half z good z ! :ites4 ,9 free association & ! ink-blot te/s !y are ne>ly z good4 ,9 quickness ( p]ception & discrim9ation & 9 reaction1 ! ,negroes equal or excel ! :ites4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important "q t arises 9 connection ) ! results ( ^! m5tal te/s is3 ,h[ f> is ability to pass !m dep5d5t on environm5tal conditions8 ,our te/s %[ c]ta9 specific diff]5ces betwe5 ,negroes & :ites4 ,:at ^! diff]5ces w\ld h be5 _h ! ,negroes be5 subject to ! same environm5tal influ5ces z ! :ites1 x is difficult to say4 ,! results obta9$ by sep>at+ ! ,negroes into two social gr\ps w\ld lead "o to ?9k t ! conditions ( life "u :i* ! negroes live might acc\nt = ! l[] m5tality ( ! ,negroes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be t ! ,negroes liv+ "u bett] social conditions are ( bett] /ock4 ,!y may h m :ite blood 9 !m4 ,! mo/ c>eful /udy yet made ( ! relative intellig5ce ( ,negroes & :ites is t ( ,g4 ,o4 ,f]guson1 ,jr41#adj on #dhf :ite & #dba color$ pupils 9 ! s*ools ( ,ri*mond1 ,fr$]icksburg1 & ,newport ,news1 ,va4 ,te/s 7 employ$ :i* requir$ ! use ( ! high] functions1 & z f> z possible 7ma9ly on ! basis ( sk9-color7 ! am\nt ( :ite blood 9 ! color$ pupils 0 det]m9$4 ,f\r classes 7 made3 full-blood ,negro1 #c_/d ,negro1 #a_/b ,negro 7mulatto7 & #a_/d ,negro 7quadroon74 ,x 0 f\nd t ! pure ,negroes scor$ #fi4b z high z ! :ites2 t ! #c_/d pure ,negroes scor$ #gc4b z high z ! :ites2 t ! mulattoes scor$ #ha4b z high z ! :ites2 & t ! quadroons obta9$ #ia4h ( ! :ite score4 ,?is confirms ! belief ( _m obs]v]s t ! ability ( a color$ man is proportionate to ! am\nt ( :ite blood he has4 ,summ>iz+ a l>ge body ( evid5ce1 ,dr4 ,f]guson concludes t ! intellectual p]=mance ( ! g5]al color$ population is approximately #ge z effici5t z t ( ! :ites1 b t pure ,negroes h only #fj ( :ite intellectual effici5cy1 & t ev5 ?is figure is probably too high4 ,x seems z ?\gh ! :ite type has atta9$ a high] level ( developm5t1 bas$ ^u ! common elem5t>y capacities1 :i* ! ,negro has n rea*$ to ! same degree4 ,all ( ! exp]im5tal "w :i* has be5 done has po9t$ to ! same g5]al conclusion4 ,?is is a conclusion ( mu* def9it5ess & value1 b x does n g z f> z "o might wi%1 = ! deep] racial diff]5ces ( impulse & inhibition1 :i* are at pres5t incapable ( precise measurem5t1 are likewise ( great importance4 ,& x is ! common op9ion t ! ,negro diff]s 9 su* traits ev5 m ?an 9 intellect prop]4 ,he is said to be lack+ 9 t aggressive competitiv5ess :i* has be5 responsible = s mu* ( ! a*ievem5t ( ! ,nordic race2 x is alleg$ t 8 sexual impulses are /rongly develop$ & inhibitions lack+2 t he has an in/ability ( "*1 involv+ a lack ( =esight1 an improvid5ce1 a lack ( p]si/5ce1 small p[] ( s]i\s initiative1 a t5d5cy to be cont5t ) imm$iate satisfactions4 ,he appe>s to be m greg>i\s b less apt at organization ?an mo/ races4 ,! significance ( ^! diff]5ces dep5ds l>gely on :e!r !y are g]m9al1 or m]ely ! results ( social tradition4 ,9 favor ( ! view t !y are 9 l>ge "p racial & h]$it>y1 is ! fact t !y p]si/ 9 all environm5ts4 ,!y are f\nd1 z ,pr(essor ,meckl9 says1 ,only at ! l[] level ( in/9ct1 impulse & temp]am5t1 & d n1 !re=e1 admit ( cle> def9ition because !y are ov]laid 9 ! case ( e individual ) a m5tal sup]/ructure gott5 f ! social h]itage :i* may v>y widely 9 ! case ( memb]s ( ! same race4 ,t !y d p]si/1 h[ev]1 is evid5c$ 9 ! case ( ! ,negroes subject$ to ! v diff]5t types ( civilization 9 ,haiti1 ,santo ,dom+o1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,jamaica4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases a complete break has be5 made ) ! social traditions ( ,africa & diff]5t civilizations h be5 sub/itut$1 & yet 9 temp]am5t & "* ! ,negro 9 all ^! c\ntries is ess5tially ! same4 ,! s-call$ 'rev]sion to type' (t5 po9t$ out 9 ! ,negro is 9 reality b ! recrudesc5ce ( fundam5tal1 un*ang$ race traits ^u ! p>tial breakd[n ( ! social h]itage or ! ,negro's failure successfully to appropriate x4 ,aga91 z ,pr(essor ,f]guson po9ts out1 ! exp]im5tal te/s above cit$ may be ?\ght to give "s support to ! idea t ! emotional *>act]i/ics ( ! ,negro are really inh]5t4 ,/rong & *ang+ emotions1 an improvid5t "* & a t5d5cy to immoral conduct are n unalli$1 he expla9s2 ,!y are all root$ 9 uncontroll$ impulse4 ,& a factor :i* may t5d to produce all ?ree is a defici5t developm5t ( ! m purely intellectual capacities4 ,:]e ! implications ( ! ideas are n appreh5d$1 :]e ?\ght is n lively & f]tile1 :]e mean+s & consequ5ces are n grasp$1 ! ne$ = ! control ( impulse w n be felt4 ,& ! demon/rable defici5cy ( ! ,negro 9 intellectual traits may involve ! dynamic defici5cies :i* common op9ion claims to exi/4 ,!re are o!r racial & h]itable diff]5ces ( mu* importance1 :i* are giv5 too little recognition--namely1 ! diff]5ces ( disease resi/ance4 ,"h "o c speak unhesitat+ly ( a real inf]iority 9 respect to ! environm5t ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,z 0 po9t$ out 9 ! *apt] on ,natural ,selection1 ! ,negro has be5 subject$ to le?al selection = c5turies by ! ,negro diseases1 ! diseases ( tropical ,africa1 ( :i* mal>ia & yell[ fev] are ! mo/ conspicu\s examples4 ,! ,negro is /rongly resi/ant to ^! & c live :]e ! :ite man dies4 ,! :ite man1 on ! o!r h&1 has 8 own diseases1 ( :i* tub]culosis is an excell5t example4 ,comp>$ ) ! ,negro1 he is relatively resi/ant to ph?isis & w survive :]e ! ,negro dies4 ,:5 ! two races are liv+ side by side1 x is obvi\s t ea* is prov+ a m5ace to ! o!r1 by act+ z a dissem9ator ( infection4 ,! :ite man kills ! ,negro ) tub]culosis & typhoid fev]4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica ! ,negro c n kill ! :ite man ) mal>ia or yell[ fev]1 to any great ext5t1 because ^! diseases d n fl\ri% "h4 ,b ! ,negro has br\ght "s o!r diseases "h & giv5 !m to ! :ite race2 elephantiasis is "o example1 b ! mo/ conspicu\s is hookworm1 ! ext5t & s]i\sness ( :i* h only rec5tly be5 realiz$4 ,9 ! ,new ,engl& /ates ! av]age expectation ( life1 at bir?1 is #ej4f ye>s = native :ite males1 #cd4a ye>s = ,negro males4 ,= native :ite females x is #ed4b ye>s & = ,negro females #cg4g ye>s1 accord+ to ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus 7#aiaf74 ,^! v consid]able diff]5ces c n be :olly expla9$ away by ! fact t ! ,negro is cr[d$ into p>ts ( ! cities :]e ! sanitation is wor/4 ,!y indicate t ! ,negro is out ( 8 environm5t4 ,9 tropical ,africa1 to :i* ! ,negro is adapt$ by _m c5turies ( natural selection1 8 expectation ( life might be mu* long] ?an t ( ! :ite man4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates he is mu* less fit1 9 ! ,d>w9ian s5se4 ,9 rural di/ricts ( ! ,s\?1 accord+ to ,c4 ,w4 ,/iles1 ! annual typhoid dea? rate p] #ajj1jjj population is3 ,:ites ,negroes ,males #cg4d #ge4c ,females #bg4d #ef4c ,^! figures aga9 %[1 n alone ! great] intellig5ce ( ! :ite 9 matt]s ( hygi5e1 b probably also ! great] inh]5t resi/ance ( ! :ite to a disease :i* has be5 attack+ him = _m c5turies4 ,biologically1 ,nor? ,am]ica is a :ite man's c\ntry1 n a ,negro's c\ntry1 & ^? :o are consid]+ ! ,negro problem mu/ rememb] t natural selection has n ceas$ act+ on man4 ,f ! =ego+ diff]5t k9ds ( evid5ce1 we feel ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ! ,negro race diff]s greatly f ! :ite race1 m5tally z well z physically1 & t 9 _m respects x may be said to be inf]ior1 :5 te/$ by ! requirem5ts ( mod]n civilization & progress1 ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,we return n[ to ! "q ( int]m>riage4 ,:at is to be expect$ f ! union ( ^! div]se /reams ( desc5t8 ,! be/ answ] w\ld be to /udy & measure ! mulattoes & _! po/]ity1 9 z _m ways z possible4 ,no "o has ev] done ?is4 ,x is ! cu/om to make no di/9ction :atev] betwe5 mulatto & ,negro1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ?us ! :ole problem is becl\d$4 ,!re is "s evid5ce f life insurance & m$ical s\rces1 t ! mulatto /&s above ! ,negro b bel[ ! :ite 9 respect to 8 heal?4 ,!re is consid]able evid5ce t he occupies ! same relation 9 ! intellectual _w2 x is a matt] ( g5]al obs]vation t ne>ly all ! lead]s ( ! ,negro race 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are n ,negroes b mulattoes4 ,)\t go+ into detail1 we feel p]fectly safe 9 draw+ ?is conclusion3 t 9 g5]al ! :ite race loses & ! ,negro ga9s f misceg5ation4 ,?is applies1 ( c\rse1 only to ! g]m9al nature4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! pres5t social conditions 9 ,am]ica1 x is d\btful :e!r ei!r race ga9s4 ,b if social conditions be elim9at$ = ! mom5t1 biologi/s may believe t int]m>riage betwe5 ! :ite & ,negro races repres5ts1 on ! :ole1 an advance = ! ,negro2 & t x repres5ts = ! :ite race a di/9ct loss4 ,if eug5ics is to be ?\ght ( solely 9 t]ms ( ! :ite race1 !re c be no hesitation ab\t r5d]+ a v]dict4 ,we mu/ unhesitat+ly condemn misceg5ation4 ,b !re are ^? :o decl>e t x is small & mean to take su* a n>r[ view ( ! evolution ( ! race4 ,!y w\ld h ,am]ica op5 its doors indiscrim9ately to immigration1 hold+ x a virtue to sacrifice "o's self p]man5tly = someone else's tempor>y happ9ess2 !y w\ld equally h ! :ite race sacrifice itself = ! ,negro1 by all[+ a m+l+ ( ! two blood-/reams4 ,t1 x is alleg$1 is ! true way to elevate ! ,negro4 ,! "q may well be consid]$ f t po9t ( view1 ev5 ?\gh ! validity ( su* a po9t ( view is n admitt$4 ,to ensure racial & social progress1 no?+ w take ! place ( lead]%ip1 ( g5ius4 ,a race ( no?+ b m$iocrities w /& /ill1 or v ne>ly s2 b a race ( m$iocrities ) a good supply ( m5 ( exceptional ability & en]gy at ! top1 w make progress 9 discov]y1 inv5tion & organization1 :i* is g5]ally recogniz$ z progressive evolution4 ,if ! level ( ! :ite race be l[]$1 x w hurt t race & be ( little help to ! ,negro4 ,if ! :ite race be kept at su* a level t its productivity ( m5 ( tal5t w be at a maximum1 ev]yone w progress2 = ! ,negro b5efits j z ! :ite does f e =w>d /ep 9 sci5ce & art1 9 indu/ry & politics4 ,rememb]+ t ! :ite race 9 ,am]ica is n9e times z num]\s z ! black race1 we conclude t x w\ld be desirable to enc\rage amalgamation ( ! two races only 9 case ! av]age ( mulattoes is sup]ior to ! av]age ( ! :ites4 ,no "o c s]i\sly ma9ta9 t ?is supposition is true4 ,biologically1 !re=e1 !re is no reason to ?9k t an increase 9 ! numb] ( mulattoes is desirable4 ,!re is a curi\s argum5t 9 circulation1 :i* po9ts out t mulattoes are almo/ always ! (fspr+ ( ,negro mo!rs & :ite fa!rs1 n ( ,negro fa!rs & :ite mo!rs4 ,!re=e1 x is said1 production ( mulattoes does n mean at all a decrease 9 ! numb] ( :ite bir?s1 b m]ely sub/itutes a numb] ( mulatto bir?s = an equival5t numb] ( pure ,negro bir?s4 ,x is !re=e alleg$ t ! production ( mulattoes is 9 ! long run a b5efit1 elevat+ ! ,negro race )\t impair+ ! :ite race4 ,b ?is argum5t assumes t mo/ mulatto bir?s are illegitimate1--a condition :i* eug5i/s d n sanction1 because x t5ds to dis9tegrate ! family4 ,r ?an su* a condition1 ! legitimate production ( pure-blood ,negroes is pref]able1 ev5 ?\gh !y be inf]ior 9 individual ability to ! illegitimate mulattoes (f]$ z a sub/itute4 ,!re are n at ! pres5t "t en\gh desirable :ite fa!rs 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if desirable ones are set aside to produce mulattoes1 x w\ld be a great loss to ! nation2 :ile if ! mulattoes are ! (fspr+ ( eug5ically undesirable :ite fa!rs1 !n ! product is n likely to be any?+ ,am]ica wants4 ,f :atev] /&po9t we take1 we see no?+ good to be said = misceg5ation4#ada ,we h discuss$ ! problem z a p>ticul> "o betwe5 ! blacks & :ites b ! argum5t w hold good :5 appli$ to any two races betwe5 :i* ! diff]5ces are s m>k$ t "o may be consid]$ decid$ly inf]ior to ! o!r4 ,society1--:ite society1--long ago rea*$ ! in/9ctive conclusion1 :i* seems to u a correct "o1 t x mu/ put a ban on int]m>riage betwe5 two su* races4 ,x has giv5 expression to ?is feel+ by pass+ laws to prohibit misceg5ation 9 #bb /ates1 :ile six o!r /ates prohibit x 9 _! con/itutions4 ,!re are ?us #bb /ates :i* h attempt$ legally to prev5t int]m>riage ( ! :ite & black race4 ,:ile 9 #bj /ates !re is no law on ! subject1 x is ne$less to say t popul> feel+ ab\t x is almo/ uni=m1 & t ! legislators ( ,new ,engl& = in/ance w\ld refuse to give _! daught]s 9 m>riage to ,negroes1 ev5 ?\gh !y might ! day be=e h vot$ d[n a propos$ law to prohibit int]m>riage on ! gr\nd t x 0 an expression ( race prejudice4 ,9 a majority ( ! /ates :i* h no legislation ( ?is k9d1 bills h be5 introduc$ dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 & h be5 defeat$ ?r\gh ! en]getic int]f]5ce ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,color$ ,p1 an organization ( :i* ,oswald ,g>rison ,vill>d is *airman ( ! ,bo>d ( ,directors & ,w4 ,e4 ,b4 ,du,bois1 a brilliant mulatto1 is ,director ( ,publicity & ,rese>*4 ,z ?is association repres5ts a v l>ge "p ( ! m intellig5t ,negro public op9ion1 its attitude des]ves c>eful consid]ation4 ,x is set =? summ>ily 9 a lett]#adb :i* 0 address$ to legislators 9 v>i\s /ates1 z foll[s3 ,! ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,color$ ,p e>ne/ly prote/s aga9/ ! bill =bidd+ int]m>riage betwe5 ! races1 n because ! ,association advocates int]m>riage1 :i* x does n1 b prim>ily because :5ev] su* laws h be5 enact$ !y h become a m5ace to ! :ole in/itution ( matrimony1 lead+ directly to concub9age1 ba/>dy1 & ! degradation ( ! ,negro woman4 ,no man-made law c /op ! union ( ! races4 ,if int]m>riage be wrong1 its prev5tion is be/ left to public op9ion & to nature1 :i* wreaks its own fe>ful puni%m5ts on ^? :o transgress its laws & s9 aga9/ x4 ,we oppose ! propos$ /atute 9 ! language ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison 9 #ahdc1 9 8 successful campaign = ! repeal ( a simil> law 9 ,massa*usetts3 ',because x is n ! prov9ce1 & does n belong to ! p[] ( any legislative assembly1 9 a republican gov]nm5t1 to decide on ! complexional aff9ity ( ^? :o *oose to be unit$ toge!r 9 w$lock2 & x may z rationally decree t corpul5t & lean1 tall & %ort1 /rong & weak p]sons %all n be m>ri$ to ea* o!r z t !re mu/ be an agreem5t 9 ! complexion ( ! p>ties4' ,we oppose x = ! physical reason t to prohibit su* int]m>riage w\ld be publicly to ackn[l$ge t black blood is a physical ta9t1 some?+ no self-respect+ color$ man & woman c be ask$ to admit4 ,we oppose x = ! moral reason t all su* laws leave ! color$ girl absolutely helpless be=e ! lu/ ( ! :ite man1 )\t ! p[] to compel ! s$uc] to m>ry4 ,! /ati/ics ( int]m>riage 9 ^? /ates :]e x is p]mitt$ %[ ?is happ5s s infrequ5tly z to make ! :ole matt] ( legislation unnecess>y4 ,bo? races are practically 9 complete agreem5t on ?is "q1 = color$ p m>ry color$ p1 & :ite m>ry :ites1 ! exceptions be+ few4 ,we e>ne/ly urge ^u y an unfavorable report on ?is bill4 ,legislation on ! subject ( m>riage is cle>ly inside ! prov9ce ( gov]nm5t4 ,t su* an argum5t z is quot$ f ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison c /ill be circulat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & app>5tly c>ry weight1 is suffici5t cause = "o to feel pessimi/ic ov] ! spread ( ! sci5tific _s 9 ?is nation4 ,suffice x to say t on ?is po9t ! ,national ,association is a c5tury beh9d ! times4 ,! foll[+ policy seems to u to be 9 accordance ) mod]n sci5ce1 & yet meet all ! legitimate argum5ts ( ! ,national ,association4 ,we w /ate our attitude z def9itely z possible3 #a4 ,we hold t x is to ! int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! reasons giv5 9 ?is *apt]1 to prev5t fur!r ,negro-:ite amalgamation4 #b4 ,! taboo ( public op9ion is n suffici5t 9 all cases to prev5t int]m>riage1 & %\ld be supplem5t$ by law1 p>ticul>ly z ! ,unit$ ,/ates h ( late ye>s receiv$ _m :ite immigrants f o!r c\ntries 7e4 g41 ,italy7 :]e ! taboo is weak because ! problem has nev] be5 press+4 #c4 ,b to prev5t int]m>riage is only a small "p ( ! solution1 s9ce mo/ mulattoes come f extram>ital misceg5ation4 ,! only solution ( ?is1 :i* is compatible ) ! requirem5ts ( eug5ics1 is n t ( laissez faire1 sugge/$ by ! ,national ,association1 b an ext5sion ( ! taboo1 & an ext5sion ( ! laws1 to prohibit all sexual int]c\rse betwe5 ! two races4 ,f\r /ates 7,l\isiana1 ,nevada1 ,s\? ,dakota & ,alabama7 h already attempt$ to ga9 ?is end by law4 ,we believe x to be highly desirable t su* laws %\ld be enact$ & en=c$ by all /ates4 ,a necess>y prelim9>y w\ld be to /&>dize ! laws all ov] ! ,union1 p>ticul>ly ) a view to agreem5t on :at a ,negro legally is2 = 9 "s /ates ! legislation applies to "o :o is "o-sixte5?1 or ev5 less1 ,negro 9 desc5t1 :ile 9 o!r /ates x appe>s to ref] only to full-blood or1 at ! mo/1 half-blood individuals4 ,su* legislation1 & :at is m important1 su* public op9ion1 lead+ to a cessation ( ,negro-:ite amalgamation1 we believe to be 9 ! int]e/s ( national eug5ics1 & to fur!r ! welf>e ( bo? ( ! races involv$4 ,misceg5ation c only lead to unhapp9ess "u pres5t social conditions & mu/1 we believe1 "u any social conditions be biologically wrong4 ,we favor1 !re=e1 ! support ( ! taboo :i* society has plac$ on ^! mix$ m>riages1 z well z any legal action :i* c practicably be tak5 to make misceg5ation betwe5 :ite & black impossible4 ,ju/ice requires t ! ,negro race be treat$ z k9dly & consid]ately z possible1 ) e economic & political concession t is consi/5t ) ! cont9u$ welf>e ( ! nation4 ,su* social equality & int]c\rse z might lead to m>riage are n compatible ) ?is welf>e4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,immigration ,!re are n[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "s #ad1jjj1jjj =eign-born p]sons1 toge!r ) o!r millions ( ! sons & daught]s ( =eign]s :o al?\gh born on ,am]ican soil h z yet be5 little assimilat$ to ,am]icanism4 ,?is great body ( ali5s1 repres5t+ p]haps a fif? ( ! population1 is n a pool to be absorb$1 b a cont9u\s1 infl[+ /ream1 :i* until ! outbreak ( ! ,great ,w> 0 /eadily increas+ 9 volume1 & ( :i* ! f\nta9-head is s inexhau/ible z to appal ! imag9ation4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 ! infl[ av]ag$ little less ?an a million a ye>1 & :ile ab\t "o-fif? ( ?is repres5t$ a tempor>y migration1 f\r-fif?s ( x meant a p]man5t addition to ! population ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,! "* ( ?is /ream w inevitably det]m9e to a l>ge ext5t ! future ( ! ,am]ican nation4 ,! direct biological results1 9 race mixture1 are important en\gh1 al?\gh n easy to def9e4 ,! indirect results1 :i* are probably ( no less importance to eug5ics1 are s h>d to foll[ t "s /ud5ts ( ! problem d n ev5 realize _! exi/5ce4 ,! ance/ors ( all :ite ,am]icans1 ( c\rse1 7 immigrants n s v _m g5]ations ago4 ,b ! e>li] immigration 0 relatively homog5e\s & /r+5tly select$ by ! dang]s ( ! voyage1 ! h>d%ips ( life 9 a new c\ntry1 & ! equality ( opportunity :]e free competition drove ! unfit to ! wall4 ,!re 7 few p ( em95ce 9 ! families t came to colonize ,nor? ,am]ica1 b !re 0 a high av]age ( /urdy virtues1 & a good deal ( ability1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,puritan & ,hugu5ot invasions & 9 a "p ( t ( ,virg9ia4 ,9 ! fir/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! numb] ( ^! patriots & f\nd]s 0 greatly increas$ by ! arrival ( immigrants ( simil> racial /ocks f ,irel&1 ,g]many1 ,sc&9avia1 & to a less ext5t f ! o!r c\ntries ( nor!rn & we/]n ,europe4 ,^! arrivals add$ /r5g? to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly z a l>ge "p ( !m settl$ on f>ms4 ,?is /ream ( immigration gradually dri$ up1 b 0 succe$$ by a flood f a new s\rce1--s\!rn & ea/]n ,europe4 ,italians1 ,slavs1 ,poles1 ,magy>s1 ,ea/ ,european ,hebrews1 ,f9ns1 ,portuguese1 ,greeks1 ,r\manians & repres5tatives ( _m o!r small nationalities began to seek =tunes 9 ,am]ica4 ,! e>li] immigration _h be5 made up l>gely ( ^? :o s\ght escape f religi\s or political tyranny & came to settle p]man5t homes4 ,! new] immigration 0 made up1 on ! :ole1 ( ^? :o frankly s\ght weal?4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! reason = com+ c\ld n fail to mean a diff]5ce 9 selection ( ! immigrants1 q ap>t f ! *ange 9 ! races4 ,la/ ( all began an immigration ( ,levant9es1 ( ,syrians1 ,arm5ians1 & o!r inhabitants ( ,asiatic ,turkey4 ,beyond ?is region lie ! great nations ( ,asia1 ov]saturat$ ) population4 ,s f> !re has be5 little m ?an ! ?reat ( _! ov]fl[1 b ! ?reat is c]ta9 to become a reality )9 a few ye>s unless prev5t$ by legal re/riction4 ,! eug5ic results ( immigration are p>tly indirect & p>tly direct4 ,direct results foll[ if ! newcom]s are assimilat$1--a ^w :i* we %all use r n>r[ly to mean t free int]m>riage takes place betwe5 !m & all p>ts ( ! old] population4 ,we %all discuss ! direct results fir/1 ! nature ( :i* dep5ds l>gely on :e!r ! newcom]s are racially homog5e\s ) ! population already 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if !y are l1 ! old & new w bl5d )\t difficulty4 ,! effects ( ! immigration !n dep5d on :e!r ! immigrants are bett] or worse 9 av]age quality ?an ! old] resid5ts4 ,if z good or bett]1 !y are valuable additions2 if inf]ior !y are biologically a detrim5t4 ,b if ! new arrivals are diff]5t1 if !y repres5t a diff]5t subspecies ( ,homo sapi5s1 ! "q is m s]i\s1 = x involves ! problem ( cross+ races :i* are biologically m or less di/9ct4 ,g5etics c ?r[ "s light on ?is problem4 ,waiv+ = ! mom5t all "q z to ! relative quality ( two di/9ct races1 :at results are to be expect$ f cross+8 ,x 7#a7 gives an increase ( vigor :i* dim9i%es 9 lat] g5]ations & 7#b7 produces recomb9ation ( *>act]s4 ,! fir/ result may be disreg>d$1 = ! v>i\s races ( man are probably already mu* mix$1 & too closely relat$1 to give rise to mu* hybrid vigor 9 crosses4 ,! second result w be favorable or unfavorable1 dep5d+ on ! *>act]s :i* g into ! cross2 & x is n possible to pr$ict ! result 9 human mat+s1 because ! v>i\s racial *>act]s are s ill kn[n4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n wor? :ile "h to discuss at l5g? g5etic !ory4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t "s valuable *>act]s are likely to disappe>1 z ! result ( su* crosses1 & less desirable ones to take _! place4 ,! great bulk ( ! population result+ f su* racial crosses is likely to be m or less mongrel 9 nature4 ,f9ally1 "s individuals w appe> :o comb9e ! good *>act]s ( ! two races1 )\t ! bad ones4 ,! net result w !re=e probably be "s di/9ct ga91 b a great] loss4 ,!re is dang] t complex & valuable traits ( a race w be brok5 d[n 9 ! process ( hybridization1 & t x w take a long "t to br+ !m toge!r aga94 ,! old view t racial crosses lead fatally to race deg5]ation is no long] t5able1 b ! view rec5tly advanc$1 t crosses are advantage\s1 seems equally ha/y4 ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le has cit$ ! ,pitcairn ,isl&]s & ! ,bo]-,hott5tot mulattoes ( ,s\? ,africa z evid5ce t wide crosses are productive ( no evil results4 ,^! cases may be admitt$ to %[ t su* a hybrid race may be physically heal?y1 b 9 respect ( m5tal traits !y h>dly d m ?an sugge/ ! conclusion we advanc$ 9 our *apt] on ! ,color ,l9e1--t su* misceg5ation is an advantage to ! inf]ior race & a disadvantage to ! sup]ior "o4 ,on ! :ole1 we believe wide racial crosses %\ld be look$ ^u ) suspicion by eug5i/s4 ,! coloniz]s ( ,nor? ,am]ica mo/ly belong$ to ! ,nordic race4#adc ,! e>li] immigrants to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--r\ghly1 ^? :o came "h be=e ! ,civil ,w>1--belong$ mo/ly to ! same /ock1 & !re=e mix$ ) ! e>ly settl]s )\t difficulty4 ,! advantages ( ?is immigration 7 (fset by no impairm5t ( racial homog5eity4 ,b ! m rec5t immigration belongs mo/ly to o!r races1 pr9cipally ! ,m$it]ranean & ,alp9e4 ,ev5 if ^! immigrants 7 sup]ior on ! av]age to ! old] population1 x is cle> t _! assimilation w\ld n be an unmix$ bless+1 = ! evil ( crossbre$+ w\ld p>tly (fset ! advantage ( ! addition ( valuable new traits4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! av]age ( ! new immigration is inf]ior 9 quality1 or 9 s f> z x is inf]ior 9 quality1 x is evid5t t x mu/ repres5t biologically an almo/ unmix$ evil2 x n only br+s 9 new undesirable traits1 b injures ! desirable ones already "h4 ,e4 ,a4 ,ross has attempt$ to pr$ict "s ( ! *anges t w take place 9 ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z a result ( ! immigration ( ! la/ half-c5tury4#add ,x is reasonable1 he ?9ks1 to expect an e>ly fall+ (f 9 ! frequ5cy ( good looks 9 ! ,am]ican p4 ,a dim9ution ( /ature1 a depreciation ( morality1 an increase 9 gross fecundity1 & a consid]able l[]+ ( ! level ( av]age natural ability are among o!r results t he consid]s probable4 ,n only are ! races repres5t$ 9 ! lat] immigration 9 _m cases inf]ior 9 av]age ability to ! e>li] immigrant races1 b ,am]ica does n get ! be/1 or ev5 a repres5tative selection1#ade f ! races :i* are n[ contribut+ to h] population4 ,europe reta9s mo/ ( h] bra9s1 b s5ds multitudes ( ! common & sub-common4 ,!re is little sign ( an intellectual elem5t among ! ,magy>s1 ,russians1 ,s\? ,slavs1 ,italians1 ,greeks or ,portuguese :o are n[ arriv+4 ,?is does n hold1 h[ev]1 = curr5ts creat$ by race discrim9ation or oppression4 ,! ,arm5ian1 ,syrian1 ,f9ni% & ,russo-,hebrew /reams seem repres5tative1 & ! fir/ wave ( ,hebrews out ( ,russia 9 ! eighties 0 sup]ior4 ,:ile ! e>li] immigration br\ght a lib]al am\nt ( intellig5ce & ability1 ! lat] immigration 7r\ghly1 t ( ! la/ half c5tury7 seems to h br\ght di/9ctly less4 ,x is at pres5t pr9cipally an immigration ( unskill$ labor1 ( vigor\s1 ignorant peasants4 ,"s ( ?is is promot$ by ag5ts ( transportation companies & o!rs :o /& to ga9 by /irr+ up ! population ( a c\ntry village 9 ,russia or ,hung>y1 excite ! illit]ate peasants by /ories ( great weal? & fre$om to be ga9$ 9 ! ,new ,_w1 provide ! immigrant ) a ticket to ,new ,york & />t him = ,ellis ,isl&4 ,naturally1 su* immigration is pr$om9antly male4 ,on ! :ole1 females make up "o-?ird ( ! rec5t infl[1 b among "s races--,greeks1 ,italians & ,r\manians1 = example--only "o-fif?4 ,9 am\nt ( inh]5t ability ^! immigrants are n only less highly end[$ ?an is desirable1 b !y furni%1 despite we$+ out1 altoge!r too l>ge a proportion ( ! ?ree ,d's--defectives1 del9qu5ts & dep5d5ts4 ,9 ! s+le ye> #aiad m ?an #cc1jjj w\ld-be immigrants 7 turn$ back1 ab\t half ( !m because likely to become public *>ges4 ,! immigration law ( #aijg1 am5d$ 9 #aiaj1 #aiac & #aiag1 excludes ! foll[+ classes ( ali5s f admission into ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,idiots1 imbeciles1 feeble-m9d$ p]sons1 epileptics1 insane p]sons1 p]sons :o h be5 insane )9 #e ye>s previ\sly2 p]sons :o h _h two or m attacks ( insanity at any "t previ\sly or :o are affect$ by con/itutional psy*opa?ic inf]iority or *ronic alcoholism2 paup]s1 vagrants1 p]sons likely to become public *>ges2 pr(essional begg>s1 p]sons afflict$ ) tub]culosis or ) a loa?some or contagi\s disease2 p]sons :o h be5 convict$ ( a crime involv+ moral turpitude2 polygami/s1 an>*i/s1 contract labor]s1 pro/itutes1 p]sons n compreh5d$ )9 any "o ( ! =ego+ exclud$ classes :o are f\nd to be & are c]tifi$ by ! exam9+ surgeon z be+ m5tally or physically defective1 su* m5tal or physical defect be+ ( su* a nature z to affect ! ability ( ! ali5 to e>n a liv+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,exam9+ ,,immigrants ,,at ,,ellis ,,isl&1 ,,new ,,york ,,fig4 #ci4--,surgeons ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice te/ e immigrant1 physically & m5tally1 9 ord] to s5d back any :o give promise ( be+ undesirable additions to ! population4 ,! above photograph %[s h[ ! exam9ation ( ^? ^: condition has ar\s$ suspicion1 is conduct$4 ,! boy "u ! measur+ b>1 9 ! =egr\nd1 & ! ?ree imm$iately to ! left ( ! desk1 are examples ( cong5ital a/h5ia & poor physique2 two ( ! f\r 7 f\nd to be dull m5tally4 ,photograph f ,u4 ,s4 ,public ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,despite ! effici5cy ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,public ,heal? ,s]vice1 x is q impossible = its small /aff to exam9e ?or\ghly e immigrant1 :5 ?ree or f\r ?\s& arrive 9 a s+le day1 z has frequ5tly happ5$ at ,ellis ,isl&4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! m$ical (fic] mu/ pass ! immigrants ) f> too cursory an inspection4 ,x is n surpris+ t _m ^: m5tal defects are n ( an obvi\s nature manage to slip ?r\gh2 p>ticul>ly if1 z is *>g$1#adf _m ( ! undesirables are in=m$ t ! immigrant ru% is greate/ 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & !re=e make x a po9t to arrive at t "t1 kn[+ ! m$ical inspection w be s ov]tax$ t !y w h a bett] *ance to get by4 ,! /ate hospitals ( ! ,atlantic /ates are rapidly fill+ up ) =eign-born insane4#adg ,probably few ( ^! 7 pat5tly insane :5 !y pass$ ?r\gh ! port ( entry4 ,insanity1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is pr$om9antly a disease ( old age1 :]eas ! av]age ali5 on arrival is n old4 ,! m5tal weakness appe>s only aft] he has be5 "h "s ye>s1 p]haps inevitably or p]haps because he f9ds 8 environm5t 91 say1 l[] ,manhattan ,isl& is mu* m tax+ to ! bra9 ?an ! simple surr\nd+s ( 8 f>m ov]look+ ! bay ( ,naples4 ,! am\nt ( crime attributable to c]ta9 sections ( ! m rec5t immigration is relatively l>ge4 ,x 0 frequ5tly /at$ to ! memb]s ( ! ,immigration ,commission 9 s\!rn ,italy t crime _h greatly dim9i%$ 9 _m communities because mo/ ( ! crim9als _h gone to ,am]ica4 ,! am\nt ( crime among immigrants 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is p>tly due to _! age & sex di/ribution1 p>tly due to _! conc5tration 9 cities1 p>tly to ! bad environm5t f :i* !y h sometimes come2 p>tly to inh]5t racial *>act]i/ics1 su* z make crimes ( viol5ce frequ5t among ! ,s\!rn ,italians1 crimes ( ga9 proportionately m frequ5t among ! ,jews1 & viol5ce :5 drunk m a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,slavs4 ,no re/riction ( immigration c :olly elim9ate ! crim9al t5d5cies1 b1 says ,dr4 ,w>ne1#adh aft] balanc+ ! two sides1 ,x /ill rema9s true t because ( immigration we h a great] am\nt ( paup]ism & crime ?an w\ld be ! case if !re 7 no immigration4 ,x is also an indisputable fact t ) a bett] regulation ( immigration ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h less ( ^! social horrors4 ,to dwell too mu* on ! undesirable "* ( "p ( ! pres5t immigration w\ld be to lose p]spective4 ,mo/ ( x consi/s ( vigor\s1 indu/ri\s1 ignorant peasants1 induc$ to come "h 9 se>* ( a bett] liv+ ?an !y c get at home4 ,b x is important to rememb] t if !y come "h & /ay1 !y are pretty c]ta9 to be assimilat$ soon] or lat]4 ,9 cases sup]ior to ! av]age ( ! old] population1 _! arrival %\ld be welcom$ if n too racially div]se2 b if1 z we believe ! record ( _! a*ievem5ts %[s1 a l>ge "p ( ! immigration is on ! av]age inf]ior to ! old] population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 su* are eug5ically a detrim5t to ! future progress ( ! race4 ,! direct biological result to be expect$ f ! assimilation ( su* newcom]s is ! swamp+ ( ! be/ *>act]i/ics ( ! old ,am]ican /ock1 & a dim9ution ( ! av]age ( intellig5ce ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! int]bre$+ is too sl[ at pres5t to be conspicu\s1 & h5ce its effects are little notic$4 ,! =eign]s t5d to keep by !mselves1 to =m ,little ,italies1 ,little ,russias1 transplant$ ,ghettoes & =eign qu>t]s1 :]e !y reta9 _! native languages & cu/oms & m>ry compatriots4 ,?is condition ( segregation c n la/ =ev]2 ! process ( amalgamation w be m rapid ) ea* g5]ation1 p>ticul>ly because ( ! prepond]ance ( males 9 ! new] immigration :o mu/ m>ry outside _! own race1 if !y are to m>ry at all4 ,! direct results ( immigration t lead to int]m>riage ) ! old] population are fairly easy to outl9e4 ,! indirect results1 :i* we %all n[ consid]1 are m complex4 ,we h dealt s f> only ) ! effects ( an immigration t is assimilat$2 b "s immigration 7t f ! ,ori5t1 = example7 is n assimilat$2 o!r immigration rema9s unassimilat$ = a long "t4 ,:at are ! eug5ic consequ5ces ( an unassimilat$ immigration8 ,! pres5ce ( l>ge numb]s ( immigrants :o d n int]m>ry ) ! old] /ock w1 says ,t4 ,n4 ,c>v]1#adi inevitably mean "o ( ?ree ?+s3 #a4 ,geographical sep>ation ( races4 #b4 ,social sep>ation ( races 7z ! color l9e 9 ! ,s\? & to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! ,nor?1 betwe5 ,negroes & :ites :o yet live side by side74 #c4 ,cont9u\s racial antagonism1 frequ5tly break+ out into race w>4 ,?is ?ird possibility has be5 at lea/ ?reat5$1 by ! conflict betwe5 ! :ite & yell[ races 9 ,cali=nia1 & ! conflict betwe5 :ites & ,h9dus 9 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,none ( ^! alt]natives is attractive4 ,! ?ird is undesirable 9 e way & ! fir/ two are difficult to ma9ta94 ,! fir/ is p]haps impossible2 ! second is p>tly practicable1 z is %[n by ! case ( ! ,negro4 ,"o ( its drawbacks is n suffici5tly recogniz$4 ,9 a s\ndly-organiz$ society1 x is necess>y t ! road %\ld be op5 f top to bottom & bottom to top1 9 ord] t g5u9e m]it may get its des]ts4 ,a valuable /ra9 :i* appe>s at ! bottom ( ! social scale mu/ be able to make its way to ! top1 receiv+ f9ancial & o!r rew>ds comm5surate ) its value to ! /ate1 & be+ able to produce a numb] ( *ildr5 proportionate to its rew>d & its value4 ,?is is an ideal :i* is seldom approximat$ 9 gov]nm5t1 b x is ! advantage ( a democratic =m ( gov]nm5t t x pres5ts ! op5 road to success1 m ?an does an olig>*ic gov]nm5t4 ,t ?is fre$om ( access to all rew>ds t ! /ate c give %\ld be op5 to e "o 7& conv]sely t no "o %\ld be kept at ! top & ov]-rew>d$ if he is unwor?y7 is ess5tial to eug5ics2 b x is q incompatible ) ! exi/5ce )9 ! /ate ( a numb] ( isolat$ gr\ps1 "s ( :i* mu/ inevitably & prop]ly be consid]$ inf]ior4 ,x is c]ta9 t1 at ! pres5t "t 9 ?is c\ntry1 no ,negro c take a place 9 ! upp] ranks ( society1 :i* are & w long rema9 :ite4 ,! fact t ?is situation is inevitable makes x no less un=tunate = bo? ,negro & :ite races2 consolation c only be f\nd 9 ! ?\ght t x is less ( a dang] ?an ! opposite condition w\ld be4 ,b ?is condition ( class discrim9ation is likely to exi/1 to a mu* less ext5t x is true1 9 e city :]e !re are =eign-born & native-born populations liv+ side by side1 & :]e ! epi!ts ( ,%e5y1 ,dago1 ,wop1 ,kike1 ,greas]1 ,gu9ea1 etc41 te/ify to ! feel+ ( ! old] population t x is sup]ior4 ,:ile eug5ic /r5g? 9 a /ate is promot$ by v>iety1 too great a het]og5eity (f]s s]i\s social difficulties4 ,x is ess5tial if ,am]ica is to be /rong eug5ically t x sl[ d[n ! flood ( immigrants :o are n easily assimilable4 ,at pres5t a /ate ( affairs is be+ creat$ :]e class di/9ctions are likely to be b>ri]s to ! promotion ( individual wor?--& equally1 ( c\rse1 to ! demotion ( individual wor?lessness4 ,ev5 if an immigration is n assimilat$1 !n1 x yet has an indirect effect on eug5ics4 ,b !re are o!r indirect effects ( immigration1 :i* are q indep5d5t ( assimilation3 !y inh]e 9 ! m]e bulk & economic "* ( ! immigration4 ,! arrivals ( ! pa/ few decades h be5 ne>ly all unskill$ labor]s4 ,pr(essor ,c>v] believes t cont9u\s immigration :i* ent]s ! ranks ( labor 9 l>g] proportion & ! bus9ess & pr(essional classes 9 a small] proportion ?an ! native-born w produce ! foll[+ results3 #a4 ,di/ribution4 ,x w keep competition m int5se among labor]s & less int5se among bus9ess & pr(essional m53 x w !re=e raise ! income ( ! employ+ classes & l[] ! wages ( unskill$ labor4 #b4 ,production4 ,x w give a relatively l[ m>g9al productivity to a typical immigrant & make him a relatively unimportant factor 9 ! production ( weal?4 #c4 ,organization ( indu/ry4 ,immigrants c only be employ$ economically at l[ wages & 9 l>ge gangs1 because ( 7#b74 #d4 ,agriculture4 ,if l>ge numb]s ( immigrants %\ld g into agriculture1 x w mean "o ( two ?+s1 probably ! second3 7a7 ,cont9u\s subdivision ( f>ms result+ 9 ineffici5t & wa/eful application ( labor & small] crops p] man1 al?\gh probably l>g] crops p] acre4 7b7 ,developm5t ( a class ( l&$ proprietors on ! "o h& & a l&less agricultural prolet>iat on ! o!r4 ,x is true t ! great mass ( unskill$ labor :i* has come to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! la/ few decades has made possible ! developm5t ( _m indu/ries t h furni%$ an increas$ numb] ( good jobs to m5 ( intellig5ce1 b _m :o h made a close /udy ( ! immigration problem ?9k t despite ?is1 unskill$ labor has be5 com+ 9 altoge!r too l>ge quantities4 ,pr(essor ,ross publi%es ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,:at a college man saw 9 a copp]-m9e 9 ! ,s\?we/ gives 9 a nut%ell ! logic ( l[ wages4 ,! ,am]ican m9]s1 gett+ #b4ge a day1 are abruptly displac$ )\t a /rike by a tra9-load ( #ejj raw ,italians br\ght 9 by ! company & put to "w at f #a4ej to #b a day4 ,= ! ,am]icans !re is no?+ to d b to 'g d[n ! road4' ,at fir/ ! ,italians live on bread & be]1 nev] wa%1 we> ! same fil?y clo!s night & day1 & are despis$4 ,aft] two or ?ree ye>s !y want to live bett]1 we> dec5t clo!s1 & be respect$4 ,!y ask = m wages1 ! bosses br+ 9 ano!r tra9-load f ! /e]age1 & ! p>tly ,am]icaniz$ ,italians foll[ ! ,am]ican m9]s 'd[n ! road4' ,no wond] ! e/imate ( gov]nm5t exp]ts z to ! numb] ( our float+ casual labor]s ranges up to five millions6 ,x is claim$ t ! natives are n displac$ by ! con/ant infl[ ( ali5 unskill$ labor1 says ,h4 ,p4 ,fair*ild1#aej b t !y are simply =c$ into high] occupations4 ,^? :o 7 =m]ly common labor]s are n[ 9 positions ( au?ority4 ,:ile ?is argum5t holds true ( individuals1 its fallacy :5 appli$ to gr\ps is obvi\s4 ,!re are n ne>ly en\gh places ( au?ority to receive ^? :o are =c$ out f bel[4 ,! introduction ( #ejj ,slav labor]s into a community may make a dem& = a doz5 or a score ( ,am]icans 9 high] positions1 b h>dly = #ejj4 ,! numb] ( unskill$ work]s com+ 9 at ! pres5t "t is suffici5t to *eck decid$ly ! normal t5d5cy t[>d an improv$ /&>d ( liv+ 9 _m l9es ( indu/ry1 9 ! op9ion ( ,j4 ,w4 ,j5ks1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,immigration ,commission appo9t$ by ,presid5t ,roosevelt 9 #aijg4 ,he alludes to ! belief t in/ead ( cr[d+ ! old] work]s out1 ! ali5s m]ely cr[d !m up1 & says t he himself =m]ly held t view2 b ! figures collect$ by ! ,immigration commission1 f a suffici5t numb] ( indu/ries 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry to give g5]al conclusions1 prove beyond a d\bt t 9 a good _m cases ^! incom+ immigrants actually drive out into o!r localities & into o!r unskill$ trades l>ge numb]s ( ,am]ican work+m5 & work+m5 ( ! e>li] immigration :o d n get bett] positions b1 r1 worse ones4444 ,pr(essor ,lauck1 our *ief sup]9t5d5t ( inve/igators 9 ! field1 &1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 e s+le inve/igator 9 ! field1 be=e ! "w end$1 rea*$ ! conclusion f p]sonal obs]vation t ! t5d5cy ( ! l>ge p]c5tage ( immigration ( unskill$ work]s is cle>ly to l[] ! /&>d ( liv+ 9 a numb] ( indu/ries1 & ! /ati/ics ( ! commission support ?is impression4 ,i !re=e *ang$ my e>li] views4 ,if ! immigration ( l>ge quantities ( unskill$ labor ) l[ /&>ds ( liv+ t5ds 9 mo/ cases to depress wages & l[] ! /&>d ( liv+ ( ! correspond+ class ( ! old ,am]ican population1 ! consequ5ces w\ld appe> to be3 #a4 ,! employ]s ( labor w\ld pr(it1 s9ce !y w\ld get abundant labor at l[ wages4 ,if ?is increase 9 ! weal? ( employ]s l$ to an increase 9 _! bir?-rate1 x w\ld be an advantage4 ,b x app>5tly does n4 ,! bir?-rate ( ! employ+ class is probably little re/rict$ by f9ancial difficulties2 !re=e on !m immigration probably has no imm$iate eug5ic effect4 #b4 ,! ,am]ican skill$ labor]s w\ld pr(it1 s9ce !re is m dem& = skill$ labor 9 indu/ries creat$ by unskill$ immigrant labor4 ,w\ld ! increas+ prosp]ity & a high] /&>d ( liv+ "h1 t5d to l[] ! relative bir?-rate ( ! class or n8 ,! answ] probably dep5ds on ! ext5t ( ! k ( bir? control :i* has be5 discuss$ else:]e4 #c4 ,! wages & /&>d ( liv+ ( ,am]ican unskill$ labor]s w fall1 s9ce !y are oblig$ directly to compete ) ! newcom]s4 ,x seems mo/ likely t a fall 9 wages & /&>ds is correlat$ ) a fall 9 bir?-rate4 ,?is case mu/ be di/+ui%$ f cases :]e ! wages & /&>ds nev] 7 high1 & :]e pov]ty is correlat$ ) a high bir?-rate4 ,if ?is di/9ction is correct1 ! pres5t immigration w t5d to l[] ! bir?-rate ( ,am]ican unskill$ labor]s4 ,! argum5ts "h us$ may appe> p>adoxical1 & h little /ati/ical support1 b !y seem to u s\nd & n 9 contradiction ) any kn[n facts4 ,if !y are valid1 ! effect ( su* immigration z ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 receiv+ is to r$uce ! bir?-rate ( ! unskill$ labor ) little or no effect on ! employ]s & manag]s ( labor4 ,s9ce bo? ! "* & ! volume ( immigration are at fault1 rem$ial measures may be appli$ to ei!r "o or bo? ( ^! features4 ,x is v desirable t we h a mu* m /r+5t selection ( immigrants ?an is made at ! pres5t "t4 ,b mo/ ( ! measures :i* h be5 actually propos$ & urg$ 9 rec5t ye>s h be5 direct$ at a dim9ution ( ! volume1 & at a *ange 9 "* only by some:at indirect & indiscrim9ate means4 ,! ,immigration ,commission made a report to ,congress on ,dec4 #e1 #aiaj1 9 :i* x sugge/$ ! foll[+ possible me?ods ( re/rict+ ! volume ( immigration3 #a4 ,! exclusion ( ^? unable to read & write 9 "s language4 #b4 ,! r$uction ( ! numb] ( ea* race arriv+ ea* ye> to a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! av]age ( t race arriv+ dur+ a giv5 p]iod ( ye>s4 #c4 ,! exclusion ( unskill$ labor]s unaccompani$ by wives or families4 #d4 ,mat]ial increase 9 ! am\nt ( money requir$ to be 9 ! possession ( ! immigrant at ! port ( arrival4 #e4 ,mat]ial increase 9 ! head tax4 #f4 ,limitation ( ! numb] ( immigrants arriv+ annually at any port4 #g4 ,! levy+ ( ! head tax s z to make a m>k$ discrim9ation 9 favor ( m5 ) families4 ,eug5ically1 x is probable t 7#c7 & 7#g71 :i* w\ld t5d to admit only families1 w\ld be a detrim5t to ,am]ican welf>e2 7#a7 & 7#b7 h be5 ! sugge/ions :i* h met ) ! mo/ favor4 ,all b "o memb] ( ! commission favor$ 7#a71 ! lit]acy te/1 z ! mo/ feasible s+le me?od ( re/rict+ undesirable immigration1 & x 0 enact$ into law by ,congress1 :i* pass$ x ov] ,presid5t ,wilson's veto1 9 ,febru>y1 #aiag4 ,records = #aiad %[ t illit]acy among ! total numb] ( arrivals ( ea* race rang$ all ! way f #fd = ! ,turki% to less ?an #a = ! ,engli%1 ! ,scot*1 ! ,wel%1 ! ,sc&9avian1 & ! ,f9ni%4 ,! ,bohemian & ,moravian1 ! ,g]man1 & ! ,iri% ea* _h less ?an #e illit]ate4 ,races o!r ?an ! ,turki%1 ^: immigration 9 #aiad 0 m ?an "o-?ird illit]ate1 include ! ,dalmatians1 ,bosnians1 ,h]zegov9ians1 ,russians1 ,ru!nians1 ,italians1 ,li?uanians1 & ,r\manians4 ,x is frankly admitt$ by ! propon5ts ( ?is me?od ( re/riction t x w keep out "s :o ought to come 91 & let 9 "s :o ought to be kept out4 ,x is 9 "s cases a te/ ( opportunity r ?an ( "*1 b 9 ! belief ( its advocates1 x w meet ! situation z disclos$ by ! inve/igation ( ! ,immigration ,commission bett] ?an any o!r means t human +5uity c devise4 ,x is believ$ t x w\ld exclude m ( ! undesirable & few] ( ! desirable immigrants ?an any o!r me?od ( re/riction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is argu$ t ! lit]acy te/ w fail ( success because ^? :o want to come w le>n to read & write1 :i* w only delay _! arrival a few mon?s )\t *ang+ _! real "*4 ,b ! effect ( su* attempts w sep>ate ^? :o succe$ f ^? :o are too inf]ior to succe$1 :i* w\ld be an advantage ( ! plan r ?an a defect4 ,! second me?od ( selection enum]at$ 7#b7 above1 0 propos$ by ,rev4 ,sidney ,l4 ,gulick1 p>ticul>ly ) a view to meet+ ! ne$ ( re/riction ( ,asiatic immigration4#aea ,?is immigration w be discuss$ %ortly1 b 9 ! meantime ! details ( 8 plan may be pres5t$4 ,only s _m immigrants ( any p %\ld be admitt$ z we c ,am]icanize4 ,let ! maximum p]missible annual immigration f any p be a def9ite p] c5t4 7say five7 ( ! sum ( ! ,am]ican-born *ildr5 ( t p plus ^? :o h become naturaliz$ ( ! same p4 ,let ?is re/riction be impos$ only ^u adult males4 ,tak+ ! #aiaj c5sus z our basis1 ! #e ,re/riction ,proposal w\ld h fix$ ! maximum p]missible immigration ( males f ,nor? & ,we/ ,europe at #gei1jjj annually1 :ile ! actual annual immigration = ! la/ #e ye>s av]ages b #aae1jjj4 ,! p]missible immigration f ,s\? & ,ea/ ,europe w\ld h be5 #ahi1jjj annually1 :ile ! av]age = ! la/ five ye>s has be5 #cgb1jjj4 ,:5 appli$ to ,*9a1 ! policy w\ld h admitt$ #a1ajf males p] ye>1 :ile ! numb] admitt$ on ! av]age = ! la/ #e ye>s has be5 #a1ega4 ,! proposal w\ld provide = ! admission ( #a1bjj ,japanese annually1 "h aga9 result+ 9 ! exclusion on ! av]age ( #a1bch males ye>ly dur+ ! ye>s #aiaa-aiae4 ,no e/imate is made "h ( ! effect ( ! exclusion ( males on ! arrival ( wom5 & *ildr54 ,! p]c5tage re/riction is unsatisfactory to a eug5i/1 z n suffici5tly discrim9at+4 ,! lit]>y re/riction has be5 a great /ep =w>d b %\ld be back$ by ! addition ( su* m5tal te/s z w make x fairly c]ta9 to keep out ! dull-m9d$ z well z feeble-m9d$4 ,long division w\ld suffice z su* a te/ until bett] te/s relatively unaffect$ by s*ool+ c be put into op]ation1 s9ce x is at ?is po9t 9 ! grades t s _m dull-m9d$ drop out ( ! s*ools4 ,ori5tal immigration is becom+ an urg5t problem1 & x is ess5tial t its biological1 z well z its economic & sociological features be und]/ood1 if x is to be solv$ 9 a satisfactory & reasonably p]man5t way4 ,9 ! =ego+ discussion1 ,ori5tal immigration has h>dly be5 tak5 into acc\nt2 x mu/ n[ receive p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,:at are ! gr\nds1 !n1 = =bidd+ ! yell[ races1 or ! races ( ,briti% ,india1 to ent] ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,! consid]ations urg$ 9 ! pa/ h be5 7#a7 ,political3 x is said t !y are unable to acquire ! _s ( ,am]ican in/itutions4 ,?is is an objection :i* conc]ns eug5ics only indirectly4 7#b7 ,m$ical3 x is said t !y introduce diseases1 su* z ! ori5tal liv]1 lung & inte/9al flukes1 :i* are s]i\s1 aga9/ :i* ,am]icans h nev] be5 select$1 & = :i* no cure is kn[n4 7#c7 ,economic3 x is argu$ t ! ,ori5tal's l[] /&>d ( liv+ makes x impossible = ! :ite man to compete ) him4 ,! objection is well f\nd$1 & is indirectly ( conc]n to eug5ics1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 a prec$+ section ( ?is *apt]4 ,z eug5i/s we feel ju/ifi$ 9 object+ to ! immigration ( l>ge bodies ( unskill$ ,ori5tal labor1 on ! gr\nd t !y re> l>g] families ?an our /ock on ! same small incomes4 ,a biological objection has also be5 alleg$1 9 ! possibility ( int]bre$+ betwe5 ! yell[ & :ite races4 ,9 ! pa/ su* cases h be5 v r>e2 x is au?oritatively /at$#aeb t !re are on our :ole ,pacific coa/ n m ?an #bj in/ances ( int]m>riage betwe5 ,am]icans & ,japanese1 & 444 "o might c\nt on ! f+]s ( bo? h&s ! numb] ( ,am]ican-,*9ese m>riages betwe5 ,san ,diego & ,seattle4 ,! pres5ce ( a body ( non-int]bre$+ immigrants is likely to produce ! adv]se results already discuss$ 9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,eug5ically1 !n1 ! immigration ( any consid]able numb] ( unskill$ labor]s f ! ,ori5t may h undesirable direct results & is c]ta9 to h unfavorable indirect results4 ,x %\ld !re=e be prev5t$1 ei!r by a cont9uation ( ! g5tlem5's agreem5t n[ 9 =ce betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan1 & by simil> agreem5ts ) o!r nations1 or by "s su* non-invidi\s measure z t propos$ by ,dr4 ,gulick4 ,?is exclusion %\ld n ( c\rse be appli$ to ! intellectual classes1 ^: pres5ce "h w\ld (f] advantages :i* w\ld outweigh ! disadvantages4 ,we h a diff]5t situation 9 ! ,philipp9e isl&s1 !re ! yell[ races h be5 d5i$ admission s9ce ! ,unit$ ,/ates took possession4 ,previ\sly1 ! ,*9ese _h be5 trad+ !re = c5turies1 & _h settl$ 9 consid]able numb]s almo/ f ! "t ! ,spani>ds coloniz$ ! ar*ipelago4 ,at pres5t x is e/imat$ t !re are #ajj1jjj ,*9ese 9 ! isl&s1 & _! situation 0 n put too /rongly by ,a4 ,e4 ,j5ks1 :5 he wrote3#aec ,z to ! ,*9ese1 x does n matt] mu* :at !y !mselves desire2 b :at _! desc5dants desire w g f> t[>d answ]+ ! :ole "q ( ! ,filip9os' volition t[>d assimilation1 because !y are ! ,filip9os4 ,to be specific3 ,dur+ ! latt] days ( my resid5ce 9 ! ,isl&s 9 #aije ,gov]nor-,g5]al ,wright "o day told me t he _h rec5tly p]sonally receiv$ f "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,filip9os ( ! "t1 & a memb] ( ! ,insul> ,civil ,commission1 ! /atem5t t '!re 0 n a s+le prom95t & dom9ant family among ! ,*ri/ianiz$ ,filip9os :i* did n possess ,*9ese blood4' ,! voice & w ( ! ,filip9os ( to-day is ! voice & ! w ( ^! bra9y1 indu/ri\s1 rapidly develop+ m5 ^: judgm5t 9 "t ! _w is b\nd to respect4 ,?is /atem5t w be confirm$ by almo/ any ,am]ican resid5t 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 :o h ris5 to prom95ce 9 ! ,isl&s are me/izos1 & :ile 9 political life "s ( ! lead]s are m]ely ,spani% metis1 ! f9ancial lead]s almo/ )\t exception1 ! capta9s ( indu/ry1 h ,*9ese blood 9 _! ve9s1 :ile ?is class has also tak5 an active "p 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ar*ipelago4 ,emilio ,agu9aldo is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! ,*9ese me/izos4 ,individual examples might be multipli$ )\t limit2 x w be suffici5t to m5tion ,bauti/a ,lim1 presid5t ( ! l>ge/ tobacco firm 9 ! isl&s & also a physician2 8 bro!r1 =m]ly an insurg5t g5]al & lat] gov]nor ( ,sampango prov9ce "u ! ,am]ican adm9i/ration2 ! bank] ,lim ,hap2 ,fau/9o ,le*oco1 cattle k+ ( ! ,philipp9es2 ,f]n&ez bro!rs1 proprietors ( a /eam%ip l9e2 ,locs9 & ,lacson1 weal?y sug> plant]s2 ,m>iano ,velasco1 dry-goods import]2 ,datto ,piang1 ! ,moro w>rior & *iefta92 ,paua1 insurg5t g5]al 9 s\!rn ,luzon2 ,ric>do ,go*uico1 tobacco magnate4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! m5 ! proportion ( ,*9ese blood is l>ge4 ,g5]aliz+1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ! cross betwe5 ,*9ese & ,filip9os produces prog5y sup]ior to ! ,filip9os4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is n a v wide cross1 ! ,malayans1 :o include mo/ ( ! ,filip9os1 be+ closely relat$ to ! ,*9ese4 ,x appe>s t ev5 a small infusion ( ,*9ese blood may produce long-cont9u$ favorable results1 if ! case ( ! ,ilocanos is correctly describ$4 ,?is tribe1 9 ,nor!rn ,luzon1 furni%es p]haps ! mo/ indu/ri\s work]s ( any tribe 9 ! isl&s2 =em5 & ov]se]s ( ,filip9os are q commonly f\nd to be ,ilocanos1 :ile ! memb]s ( ! tribe are cr$it$ ) accompli%+ m /eady "w ?an any o!r elem5t ( ! population4 ,! curr5t explanation ( ?is is t !y are ,*9ese me/izos3 _! coa/ 0 con/antly expos$ ! raids ( ,*9ese pirates1 a c]ta9 numb] ( :om settl$ !re & took ,ilocano wom5 z wives4 ,f ^! unions1 ! :ole tribe 9 ! c\rse ( "t is ?\ght to h b5efit$4#aed ,! hi/ory ( ! ,*9ese 9 ! ,philipp9es fails to corroborate ! idea t he nev] loses 8 racial id5tity4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ne>ly all ! ,*9ese 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ( ! l[e/ work+ class1 & f ! vic9ity ( ,canton2 :ile ^? 9 ! ,philipp9es are ( a high] class1 & l>gely f ! neighborhood ( ,amoy4 ,!y h usually m>ri$ ,filip9o wom5 ( good families1 s _! (fspr+ _h exceptional advantages1 & /& high 9 ! e/imation ( ! community4 ,! requirem5t ( ! ,spani% gov]nm5t 0 t a ,*9ese mu/ embrace ,*ri/ianity & become a citiz51 be=e he c\ld m>ry a ,filip9o4 ,usually he assum$ 8 wife's "n1 s ! *ildr5 7 br\ght up :olly z ,filip9os1 & consid]$ !mselves su*1 )\t *]i%+ any p>ticul> s5tim5t = ! ,fl[]y ,k+dom4 ,! biologi/ :o /udies imp>tially ! ,filip9o peoples may easily conclude t ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t is mak+ a mi/ake 9 exclud+ ! ,*9ese2 t ! infiltration ( intellig5t ,*9ese & _! int]mixture ) ! native population w\ld d m to raise ! level ( ability ( ! latt] ?an a doz5 g5]ations ( t compulsory education on :i* ! gov]nm5t has built su* high hopes4 ,& ?is conclusion leads to ! "q :e!r mu* ( ! surplus population ( ! ,ori5t c\ld n pr(itably be div]t$ to regions occupi$ by savage & b>b>ian p4 ,*9ese immigrants1 mo/ly trad]s1 h long be5 go+ 9 small numb]s to _m su* regions & h freely int]m>ri$ ) native wom54 ,x is a matt] ( common obs]vation to travel]s t mu* ( ! small m]cantile bus9ess has pass$ into ! h&s ( ,*9ese me/izos4 ,z f> z ! fir/ few g5]ations1 at lea/1 ! cross "h seems to be productive ( good results4 ,:e!r ,ori5tal immigration %\ld be enc\rag$ mu/ dep5d on ! decision ( ! respective gov]nm5ts1 & consid]ations o!r ?an biologic w h weight4 ,z f> z eug5ics is conc]n$ x is likely t su* regions w\ld pr(it by a reasonable am\nt ( ,*9ese or ,japanese immigration :i* result$ 9 int]bre$+ & n 9 ! =mation ( isolat$ race-gr\ps1 because ! sup]ior ,ori5tals t5d to raise ! level ( ! native population into :i* !y m>ry4 ,! "q ( ! regulation ( immigration is1 z we h insi/$ ?r\gh\t ?is *apt]1 a "q ( weigh+ ! consequ5ces4 ,a decision mu/ be rea*$ 9 ea* case by ask+ :at c\rse w d mo/ = ! future good bo? ( ! nation & ( ! :ole species4 ,to talk ( ! sacr$ duty ( (f]+ an asylum to any :o *oose to come1 is to indulge 9 immoral s5tim5tality4 ,ev5 if ! problem be put on ! mo/ unselfi% plane possible1 to ask n :at w be = ?is c\ntry's own imm$iate or future b5efit1 b :at w mo/ b5efit ! _w at l>ge1 x c only be conclud$ t ! duty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is to make itself /rong1 effici5t1 productive & progressive4 ,by s do+ !y w be mu* bett] able to help ! re/ ( ! _w ?an by progressively weak5+ !mselves ?r\gh failure to regulate immigration4 ,fur!r1 9 rea*+ a decision on ! regulation ( immigration1 !re are num]\s k9ds ( results to be consid]$3 political1 social1 economic & biologic1 among o!rs4 ,all ^! int]act1 & x is h>d to say t "o is m important ?an ano!r2 naturally we h limit$ ourselves to ! biologic aspect1 b n )\t recogniz+ t ! o!r aspects exi/ & mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt by ^? :o are exp]ts 9 ^? fields4 ,look+ only at ! eug5ic consequ5ces1 we c n d\bt t a consid]able & discrim9atory selection ( immigrants to ?is c\ntry is necess>y4 ,bo? directly & indirectly1 ! immigration ( rec5t ye>s appe>s to be dim9i%+ ! eug5ic /r5g? ( ! nation m ?an x increases x4 ,! /ate w\ld be 9 a /rong] position eug5ically 7& 9 _m o!r ways7 if x w\ld decrease ! immigration ( unskill$ labor1 & increase ! immigration ( creative & direct+ tal5t4 ,a selective dim9ution ( ! volume ( immigration w\ld t5d to h t result1 because x w\ld necess>ily %ut out m ( ! unskill$ ?an ! skill$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,w> ,w> always *anges ! composition ( a nation2 b ?is *ange may be ei!r a loss or a ga94 ,! modification ( selection by w> is f> m manifold ?an ! lit]ature on ! biological effects ( w> w\ld lead ! read] to suppose4 ,all w>s are p>tly eug5ic & p>tly dysg5ic2 "s are ma9ly ! "o1 "s are ma9ly ! o!r4 ,! racial effects ( w> occur 9 at lea/ ?ree p]iods3 #a4 ,! p]iod ( prep>ation4 #b4 ,! p]iod ( actual fight+4 #c4 ,! p]iod ( readju/m5t aft] ! w>4 ,! fir/ division involves ! effect ( a /&+ army1 :i* )draws m5 dur+ a "p ( ! reproductive p]iod & keeps mo/ ( !m 9 a celibate c>e]4 ,! (fic]s m>ry late if at all & %[ a v l[ bir?-rate4 ,! prolong$ celibacy has 9 _m armies l$ to a high] incid5ce ( v5]eal diseases :i* prolongs ! celibacy & l[]s ! bir?rate4#aee ,)\t ext5d$ discussion1 ! foll[+ consid]ations may be nam$ z among ^? :i* %\ld gov]n a policy ( milit>y prep>$ness t w safegu>d1 z f> z possible1 ! eug5ic int]e/s3 #a4 ,if ! army is a /&+ "o1 compos$ ( m5 s]v+ long t]ms ( enli/m5t1 !y %\ld be ( z advanc$ an age z is compatible ) milit>y effici5cy4 ,if a man ( #ce has n m>ri$1 x is probable t he w nev] m>ry1 & !re=e !re is less loss to ! race 9 enroll+ him = milit>y s]vice1 ?an is ! case ) a man ( #bj-be4 #b4 ,! army 7except 9 s f> z compos$ ( inf]ior m57 %\ld n fo/] celibacy4 ,%ort enli/m5ts are probably ! mo/ valuable means ( avoid+ ?is evil4 #c4 ,univ]sal conscription is mu* bett] ?an volunt>y s]vice1 s9ce ! latt] is highly selective1 ! =m] mu* less s4 ,^? 9 regul> att5dance 9 college %\ld receive _! milit>y tra9+ 9 _! c\rse z is n[ done4 #d4 ,(fic]s' families %\ld be giv5 an additional all[ance = ea* *ild4 ,?is w\ld aid 9 increas+ ! bir?-rate1 :i* appe>s to be v l[ among army & navy (fic]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s]vice1 & probably 9 t ( all civiliz$ c\ntries4 #e4 ,e citiz5 owes s]vice to 8 nation1 9 "t ( ne$1 b fight+ s]vice %\ld n be exact$ if "s "o else c\ld p]=m x bett] ?an he :]e he is exp]t 9 "s o!r ne$$ field4 ,! rec5t action ( ,engl& 9 s5d+ to ! front z subalt]n (fic]s1 :o 7 spe$ily kill$1 _m highly tra9$ te*nicians & "y sci5ti/s & m$ical m5 :o w\ld h be5 mu* m valuable at home 9 connection ) w> measures1 is an example ( ?is mi/ake4 ,c>ry+ ! idea f>!r1 "o sees t 9 _m nations !re are c]ta9 races :i* are m valuable on ! fir+ l9e ?an 9 indu/ries at ! re>2 & x appe>s t !y %\ld play ! "p = :i* !y are be/ fitt$4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! ,ent5te allies 7 :olly ju/ifi$ 9 employ+ _! ,asiatic & ,african subjects 9 w>4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are millions ( negroes :o are ( less value ?an :ite m5 9 organiz$ indu/ry b almo/ z valuable z ! :ites1 :5 prop]ly l$1 at ! front4 ,x w\ld appe> to be s\nd /atesman%ip to enli/ z _m ,negroes z possible 9 ! active =ces1 9 case ( w>1 ?us releas+ a correspond+ numb] ( m skill$ :ite work]s = ! indu/rial ma*9e on ^: effici5cy success 9 mod]n w>f>e l>gely re/s4 ,! creation ( ! ,national ,army 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 #aiag1 :ile 9 mo/ ways admirably conduct$1 0 op5 to criticism 9 sev]al respects1 f ! eug5ic po9t ( view3 7a7 ,too _m college m5 & m5 9 intellectual pursuits 7 tak5 z (fic]s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! aviation corps4 ,!re %\ld h be5 m m5 employ$ z (fic]s :o _h demon/rat$ ! necess>y qualifications1 z =em5 & o!rs accu/om$ to boss gangs ( m54 7b7 ,! burd5 0 ?r[n too heavily on ! old :ite ,am]icans1 by ! exemption ( ali5s1 :o make up a l>ge "p ( ! population 9 "s /ates4 ,!re 7 communities 9 ,new ,engl& :i* actually c\ld n fill _! quotas1 ev5 by tak+ e acceptable native-born resid5t1 s l>ge is _! ali5 population4 ,! quota %\ld h be5 adju/$ if ali5s 7 to be exempt4 7c7 ,! di/rict bo>ds 7 n z lib]al z 0 desirable1 9 exempt+ f ! fir/ quota m5 ne$$ 9 skill$ "w at home4 ,! _s ( ! selective draft 0 widely violat$1 & necessitat$ a complete *ange ( me?od be=e ! second quota 0 call$ by ! mu* improv$ que/ionnaire me?od4 ,x is difficult to get su* mi/akes z ^! correct$2 nev]!less a nation %\ld nev] lose sight ( ! fact t w> is inevitably damag+1 & t ! mo/ successful nation is ! "o :i* w9s its w>s ) ! lea/ possible eug5ic loss4 ,leav+ ! p]iod ( prep>$ness1 we consid] ! p]iod ( op5 w>f>e4 ,! read] w rememb] t1 9 an e>li] *apt]1 we divid$ natural selection into 7#a7 le?al1 t :i* op]ates ?r\gh diff]5tial mortality2 7#b7 sexual1 t :i* op]ates ?r\gh diff]5tial mat+2 & 7#c7 fecundal1 t :i* op]ates ?r\gh diff]5tial fecundity4 ,aga91 selection op]ates bo? 9 an int]-gr\p competition & an intra-gr\p competition4 ,! influ5ce ( any ag5cy on natural selection mu/ be exam9$ "u ea* ( ^! six heads4 ,9 ! case ( w>1 h[ev]1 fecundal selection may be elim9at$1 z x is little influ5c$4 ,/ill ano!r division arises f ! fact t ! action ( selection is diff]5t dur+ w> ^u ! arm$ =ces !mselves & ^u ! population at home2 & aft] ! w>1 ^u ! nations ) ! v>i\s modifications t ! w> has left4 ,we w consid] le?al selection fir/4 ,to measure ! effect ( ! int]-gr\p selection ( ! arm$ =ces1 "o mu/ comp>e ! relative quality ( ! two races involv$4 ,! evid5ce = believ+ 9 sub/antial diff]5ces betwe5 races is bas$ 7a7 ^u _! relative a*ievem5t :5 ea* is isolat$1 7b7 ^u ! relative rank :5 ! two are compet+ 9 "o society1 & 7c7 ^u ! relative numb] ( orig9al contributions to civilization ea* has made4 ,su* comp>isons are fatal to ! s5tim5tal equalit>ianism t d5ies race diff]5ces4 ,:ile !re is1 ( c\rse1 a great deal ( ov]lapp+1 !re are1 nev]!less1 real av]age diff]5ces4 ,to ?9k o!rwise is to disc>d evolution & rev]t to ! old] /&po9t ( special creation4 ,comp>ison ( ! quality ( ! two sides is sometimes1 ( c\rse1 v difficult4 ,"o may feel little hesitation 9 giv+ a decision 9 ! classical w> ( ! ,greeks & ,p]sians1 or ! m mod]n case ( ! ,engli% & ,afghans1 b :5 consid]+ ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 or ! ,russo-,japanese w>1 or ! ,bo] w>1 or ! ,am]ican civil w>1 x is l>gely a matt] ( m]e op9ion1 & p]haps an advantage c h>dly be conc$$ to ei!r side4 ,^? :o1 misund]/&+ ! doctr9e ( evolution1 adh]e to ! s-call$ philosophy ( =ce1 w\ld answ] )\t hesitation t ! side :i* won 01 ipso facto1 ! bett] side4 ,b su* a judgm5t is bas$ on num]\s fallacies1 & c n be indors$ 9 ! sweep+ way x is utt]$4 ,take a concrete example3 ,9 #ahjf1 ,prussia 0 defeat$ at ! battle ( ,j5a4 ,accord+ to ! philosophy ( =ce1 ?is 0 because ,prussia 0 'inf]ior' & ,france 0 'sup]ior4' ,suppose we admit = ! mom5t t ?is 0 ! case4 ,! selection n[ repres5ts ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ! selection :i* p]fects ! human species4 ,b :at %all we say ( ! battle ( ,leipsic8 ,at ,leipsic1 9 #ahac1 all ! values 7 rev]s$2 x is n[ ,france :i* is ! 'inf]ior' nation4444 ,fur!rmore1 a l>ge numb] ( ! same g5]als & soldi]s :o took "p 9 ! battle ( ,j5a also took "p 9 ! battle ( ,leipsic4 ,napoleon belong$1 !re=e1 to a race :i* 0 sup]ior to t ( ,bl*] 9 #ahjf1 b to an inf]ior race 9 #ahac1 9 spite ( ! fact t !y 7 ! same p]sons & _h n *ang$ _! nationality4 ,z soon z we br+ ^! ass]tions to ! t\*/one ( concrete reality we see at once h[ unt5able & ev5 ridicul\s are direct biological comp>isons4#aef ,)\t go+ into fur!r detail1 x is readily se5 t1 on ! _w at l>ge1 ! eug5ic effect ( a w> w\ld be v diff]5t accord+ z ! sides diff] mu* or little4 ,yet ?is diff]5ce 9 quality1 h[ev] great1 w h no significance1 unless ! sup]ior or inf]ior side is 9 g5]al m likely to lose few] m54 ,:]e ! diff]5ce has be5 consid]able1 z betwe5 a civiliz$ & savage nation1 x has be5 seldom t ! sup]ior has n triumph$ ) few] losses4 ,victory1 h[ev]1 is influ5c$ mu* less 9 ^! lat] days by ! relative milit>y effici5cy ( two s+le nations ?an by _! success 9 mak+ p[]ful alliances4 ,b su* alignm5ts are by no means always associat$ ) bett] quality1 because 7a7 !re is a natural t5d5cy = ! weak to unite aga9/ a /rong nation1 7b7 to side ) a gr\p :i* is app>5tly succe$+1 & 7c7 ! alliances may be ! "w ( "o or a few individuals :o happ5 to be 9 positions ( p[] at ! critical "t4 ,mod]n ,european w>s1 especially ! late/ "o1 h be5 m>k$ by ! high quality ( ! combatants on bo? sides relative to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,z ^! same races fight ) p]t9acity1 !re is a high mortality rate1 s t ! dysg5ic result ( ^! w>s is p>ticul>ly deplorable4 ,z = ! selection tak+ place )9 ea* ( ! /ruggl+ nations1 ! combatants & ! non-combatants ( ! same age & sex mu/ fir/ be comp>$4 ,! diff]5ce "h dep5ds l>gely on h[ ! army 9 "q 0 rais$4 ,:]e ! army is a p]man5t1 paid =ce1 x probably does n repres5t a quality above ! av]age ( ! nation1 except physically4 ,:5 x is conscript$1 x is sup]ior physically & probably slightly 9 o!r respects4 ,if x is a volunte] army1 its quality dep5ds l>gely on :e!r ! cause be+ f\ght = is "o t appeals m]ely to ! _s ( adv5ture or "o t appeals to "s moral pr9ciple4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! quality may be su* t ! loss ( a l>ge "p ( ! army w be peculi>ly damag+ to ! progress ( ! race4 ,?is situation is m common ?an might be suppos$1 = by skillful diplomacy & j\rnalism a cause :i* may be really que/ionable is pres5t$ to ! public 9 a mo/ ideali/ic light4 ,b "h1 aga91 "o c n always apply sweep+ g5]alizations to individual cases4 ,x might be suppos$1 = in/ance1 t 9 ! ,conf$]ate army ! be/ eug5ic quality 0 repres5t$ by ! volunte]s1 ! second be/ by ^? :o /ay$ out until !y 7 conscript$1 & ! poore/ by ! des]t]s4 ,yet ,david ,/>r ,jordan & ,h>vey ,erne/ ,jordan1 :o inve/igat$ ! case ) c>e1 f\nd t ?is 0 h>dly true & t1 due to ! peculi> circum/ances1 ! des]t]s 7 probably n z a class eug5ically inf]ior to ! volunte]s4#aeg ,aga9 "s w>s1 su* z t betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,spa91 probably develop a volunte] army made up l>gely ( ! adv5tur\s1 ! nomadic1 & ^? :o h few] ties2 x w\ld be difficult to demon/rate t !y are sup]ior to ^? :o1 hav+ settl$ positions at home1 or family obligations1 fail to volunte]4 ,! greate/ damage appe>s to be done 9 su* w>s z ^? wag$ by great ,european nations1 :]e ! :ole able-bodi$ male population is call$ out1 & only ^? left at home :o are physically or m5tally unfit = fight+--b n1 x appe>s to be ?\ght1 unfit to p]petuate ! race4 ,ev5 )9 ! army ( "o side1 le?al selection is op]ative4 ,^? :o are kill$ are by no means a haphaz>d sample ( ! :ole army4 ,among ! victims !re is a disproportionate repres5tation ( ^? ) 7#a7 dauntless brav]y1 7#b7 recklessness1 7#c7 /upidity4 ,^! qualities m]ge into ea* o!r1 yet 9 _! extremes !y are widely diff]5t4 ,h[ev]1 z ! nature ( w>f>e *anges ) ! increase ( artill]y1 m9es1 bombs1 & gases1 & decrease ( p]sonal combat1 ^? :o fall are m & m *ance victims4 ,9 addition to ! kill$ & mortally w\nd$1 !re are _m dea?s f disease or f w\nds :i* 7 n necess>ily fatal4 ,probably ! mo/ selective ( any ( ^! ?ree ag5cies is ! v>iable resi/ance to disease & infection & ! widely v>y+ k & appreciation ( ! ne$ = hygi5ic liv+ %[n by ! individual1 z1 = in/ance1 by less reckless dr9k+ ( un/]iliz$ wat]4 ,b "h1 too1 9 mod]n w>f>e1 ?is item is becom+ less selective1 ) ! advance 9 discipl9e & 9 organiz$ sanitation4 ,! effici5cy ( selection w be affect$ by ! p]c5tage t ea* side has s5t to ! front1 if ! combatants are ei!r above or bel[ ! av]age ( ! population4 ,a nation t s5ds all its able-bodi$ males =w>d w be affect$ diff]5tly f its enemy t has ne$$ to call ^u only "o-half ( its able-bodi$ m5 9 ord] to w9 its cause4 ,away f ! fight+ l9es ( ! cont5d+ sides1 conditions t prevail are r5d]$ m sev]e 9 _m ways ?an 9 times ( peace4 ,pov]ty becomes rife1 & sanitation & m$ical treatm5t are commonly sacrific$ "u ! /ra94 ,dur+ a w>1 t mitigation ( ! action ( natural selection :i* is s common n[ among civiliz$ nations1 is some:at less effective ?an 9 times ( peace4 ,! sc\rge ( typhus 9 ,s]bia is a rec5t & graphic illu/ration4 ,aft] a w> has be5 conclud$1 c]ta9 new ag5cies ( int]-gr\p selection arise4 ,! result dep5ds l>gely on :e!r ! vanqui%$ h _h a sup]ior culture br\ght to !m1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,philipp9es1 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 c]ta9 diseases h be5 introduc$1 z to ! natives ( ! ,new ,_w by ! ,spani% conqu]ors & explor]s1 or cru%+ tribute has be5 levi$1 or griev\s oppression su* z has befall5 ,belgium4 ,sometimes ! conqu]ors !mselves h suff]$ sev]ely z ! result ( excessive spoliation1 :i* has produc$ vici\s idl5ess & luxuri\s indulg5ce1 ) ! ultimate effect ( dim9i%+ ! bir?-rate4 ,)9 ! nation !re may be v>i\s results4 ,sometimes1 by ! r$uction ( ov]cr[d+1 natural selection w be less sev]e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! loss ( t "p ( ! population :i* is m economically productive is a v s]i\s loss1 lead+ to excessive pov]ty ) increas$ sev]ity 9 ! action ( natural selection1 ( :i* "s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 dur+ ! ,recon/ruction p]iod1 (f] a good illu/ration4 ,selection is also r5d]$ m int5se by ! heavy burd5 ( taxation1 & 9 ! v common depreciation ( curr5cy z is n[ felt 9 ,russia4 ,sexual selection z well z le?al is affect$ by w> 9 manifold ways4 ,consid]+ ! arm$ =ce1 !re is an int]-gr\p selection1 :5 ! enemy's wom5 are assault$ by ! soldi]s4 ,:ile ?is has be5 an important factor 9 ! pa/1 x is some:at less common n[1 ) bett] army discipl9e & high] social ideals4 ,)9 ! gr\p1 mat+ at ! outset ( a w> is greatly increas$ by _m hurri$ m>riages4 ,!re is also alleg$ to be sometimes an increase ( illegitimacy 9 ! neighborhood ( tra9+ camps4 ,9 ea* ( ^! in/ances1 ^! mat+s d n repres5t z mu* maturity ( judgm5t z !re w\ld h be5 9 times ( peace1 & h5ce give a less desirable sexual selection4 ,9 ! bellig]5t nation at home1 ! numb] ( m>riageable males is ( c\rse f> less ?an at ord9>y times4 ,x becomes important1 !n1 to comp>e ! quality ( ! non-combatants & ^? combatants :o survive & return home1 s9ce _! abs5ce dur+ ! w> p]iod ( c\rse decreases _! reproduction z comp>$ ) ! non-combatants4 ,! m>k$ excess ( wom5 ov] m51 bo? dur+ ! w> & aft]1 necess>ily int5sifies ! selection ( wom5 & proportionately r$uces t ( m51 s9ce relatively few] m5 w rema9 unmat$4 ,?is excess ( wom5 is f\nd 9 all classes4 ,among sup]iors !re are1 9 addition1 "s wom5 :o nev] m>ry because ! w> has s r$uc$ ! numb] ( suitors ?\ght eligible4 ,! five ye>s' w> ( ,p>aguay ) ,brazil1 ,uruguay & ,arg5t9a 7#ahfd-ahfi7 is p]haps ! mo/ gl>+ case on record#aeh 9 rec5t ye>s ( ! de/ruction ( ! male population ( a c\ntry4 ,:ole regim5ts 7 made up ( boys ( #af or less4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ! population ( ,p>aguay _h be5 giv5 z #a1ccg1dcg4 ,x fell to #bba1gji 7#bh1gdf m51 #ajf1bed wom51 #hf1jgi *ildr572 x is ev5 n[ probably n m ?an half ( ! e/imate made at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,"h 9 a small area has occurr$ a dra/ic case ( racial ravage )\t p>allel s9ce ! "t ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,mac$onia1 h[ev]1 furni%es a fairly close p>allel--,d4 ,s4 ,jordan f\nd :ole villages !re 9 #aiac 9 :i* n a s+le man rema9$3 only wom5 & *ildr54 ,conditions 7 n s v mu* bett] 9 p>ts ( ! ,s\? at ! close ( ! ,civil ,w>1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :]e probably #dj ( ! "y m5 ( reproductive age di$ )\t issue4 ,& 9 a few ( ! ,nor!rn /ates1 su* z ,v]mont1 ,connecticut & ,massa*usetts1 ! loss 0 proportionately almo/ z great4 ,^! 7 probably z good m5 z any c\ntry has produc$1 & _! loss1 ) t ( _! pot5tial (fspr+1 und\bt$ly is caus+ m f>-rea*+ effects 9 ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an has ev] be5 realiz$4 ,9 ! pa/ & /ill among _m savage peoples1 int]-gr\p selection has be5 affect$ by ! /eal+ ( wom5 f ! vanqui%$4 ,! effect ( ?is has be5 v diff]5t1 dep5d+ on :e!r ^! wom5 w\ld o!rwise h be5 kill$ or sp>$1 & also dep5d+ on ! relative quality ( _! nation to t ( _! conqu]ors4 ,to sum up1 !re are s _m features ( natural selection1 ea* ( :i* mu/ be sep>ately weigh$ & ! :ole !n balanc$1 t x is a matt] ( ext5sive inquiry to det]m9e :e!r a c]ta9 w> has a prepond]ance ( eug5ic or dysg5ic results4 ,:5 ! quality ( ! combatants is s high1 comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! _w1 z dur+ ! ,great ,w>1 no conceivable eug5ic ga9s f ! w> c (fset ! losses4 ,x is probably well )9 ! facts to assume t ! p]iod ( ?is w> repres5ts a decl9e 9 inh]5t human quality1 great] ?an 9 any simil> l5g? ( "t 9 ! previ\s hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,un=tunately1 x does n appe> t w> is becom+ mu* less common if we consid] numb] ( combatants r ?an numb] ( w>s z times goes on1#aei & x /eadily t5ds to be m de/ructive4 ,w>1 !n1 (f]s "o ( ! greate/ problems :i* ! eug5i/ mu/ face1 = a few mon?s ( w> may undo all t eug5ic re=ms c ga9 9 a g5]ation4 ,! total abolition ( w> w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ! ideal1 b !re is no possibility ( ?is 9 ! ne> future4 ,! fight+ in/9ct1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is "o ( ! mo/ primitive & p[]ful t ! human me*anism conta9s4 ,x 0 evolv$ 9 great int5sity1 to give man supremacy ov] 8 environm5t--= ! great /ruggle = exi/5ce is ) ! environm5t1 n ) memb]s ( "o's own species4 ,man long ago conqu]$ ! environm5t s successfully t he has nev] s9ce _h to ex]t himself 9 physical combat 9 ?is direction2 b ! fight+ in/9ct rema9$ & c\ld n be baulk$ )\t caus+ uneas9ess4 ,spurr$ on by a complex set ( psy*ological & economic /imuli1 man took to fight+ 8 own k9d1 to a degree t no o!r species %[s4 ,n[ contr>y to :at ! milit>i/ philosoph]s affirm1 ?is p>ticul> sort ( /ruggle = exi/5ce is n a necessity to ! fur!r progressive evolution ( ! race4 ,on ! contr>y x m frequ5tly rev]ses evolution & makes ! race g backw>d1 r ?an =w>d4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* makes ! race progress is pr9cipally t ( ! species ) its environm5t1 n t ( "s memb]s ( ! species ) o!rs4 ,if ! latt] /ruggle c\ld be supplant$ by ! =m] !n racial evolution w\ld g ahead /eadily )\t ! cont9u\s rev]sals t w>f>e n[ gives4 ,william ,james saw1 we believe1 ! true solution ( ! problem ( milit>ism1 :5 he wrote 8 fam\s essay on ,! ,moral ,equival5t ( ,w>4 ,"h is man1 full ( fight+ in/9ct :i* w n be baulk$4 ,:at is he to d8 ,pr(essor ,james sugge/$ t ! y\? ( ! nation be conscript$ to fight ! environm5t1 ?us gett+ ! fight out ( its sy/em & r5d]+ a real s]vice to ! race by con/ructive reclamation "w1 in/ead ( slay+ ea* o!r & ?us turn+ ! h&s ( ! evolution>y clock backw>d4 ,:5 education has giv5 ev]yone ! evolution>y & eug5ic view ( man z a species adapt$ to 8 environm5t1 x may be possible to "w out "s su* solution z ?is ( ,james4 ,! only imm$iate c\rse ( action op5 seems to be to seek1 if possible1 to dim9i% ! frequ5cy ( w> by subdu+ nations :i* />t w>s &1 by ! organization ( a ,league to ,en=ce ,peace2 to avoid w>-provok+ conque/s2 to dim9i% z mu* z possible ! disa/r\s effects ( w> :5 x does come1 & to "w = ! progress ( sci5ce & ! diffusion ( k :i* w ev5tually make possible ! great] /ep1 effective int]national organization4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,g5ealogy ,,& ,,eug5ics ,sci5tific plant bre$]s to-day h le>n$ t _! success (t5 dep5ds on ! c>e ) :i* !y /udy ! g5ealogy ( _! plants4 ,live-/ock bre$]s admit t _! pr(ession is on a sure sci5tific basis only to ! ext5t t ! g5ealogy ( ! animals us$ is kn[n4 ,human g5ealogy is "o ( ! olde/ manife/ations ( man's intellectual activity1 b until rec5tly x has be5 subs]vi5t to s5tim5tal purposes1 or pursu$ f hi/orical or legal motives4 ,biology has _h no place 9 x4 ,g5ealogy1 h[ev]1 has n altoge!r escap$ ! re-exam9ation :i* all sci5ces receiv$ aft] ! ,d>w9ian movem5t revolutioniz$ mod]n ?\ght4 ,num]\s ways h be5 po9t$ out 9 :i* x c\ld be br\ght into l9e ) ! new way ( look+ at man & 8 _w4 ,! field ( g5ealogy has already be5 invad$ at _m po9ts by biologi/s1 seek+ ! fur!rance ( _! own aims4 ,x w be wor? :ile to discuss briefly ! relations betwe5 ! conv5tional g5ealogy & eug5ics4 ,x may be t g5ealogy c\ld become an ev5 m valuable bran* ( human k ?an x n[ is1 if x 7 m closely align$ ) biology4 ,9 ord] to te/ ?is possibility1 "o mu/ inquire3 7#a7 ,:at is g5ealogy8 7#b7 ,:at does x n[ attempt to d8 7#c7 ,:at faults1 f ! eug5i/'s /&po9t1 seem to exi/ 9 pres5t g5ealogical me?ods8 7#d7 ,:at additions %\ld be made to ! pres5t me?ods8 7#e7 ,:at c be expect$ ( x1 aft] x is revis$ 9 accordance ) ! ideas ( ! eug5i/8 ,! answ] to ! fir/ "q1 ,:at is g5ealogy8 may be brief4 ,g5ealogy may be envisag$ f sev]al po9ts4 ,x s]ves hi/ory4 ,x has a legal function1 :i* is ( m consequ5ce abroad ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,x has social significance1 9 bol/]+ family pride & creat+ a feel+ ( family solid>ity--?is is p]haps its *ief (fice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x has1 or c h1 biological significance1 & ?is 9 two ways3 ei!r 9 relation to pure sci5ce or appli$ sci5ce4 ,9 connection ) pure sci5ce1 its function is to furni% means = gett+ k ( ! laws ( h]$ity4 ,9 application1 its function is to furni% a k ( ! inh]it$ *>act]s ( any giv5 individual1 9 ord] to make x possible = ! individual to f9d 8 place 9 ! _w &1 9 p>ticul>1 to m>ry wisely4 ,x is obvi\s t ! use ( g5ealogy 9 ! appli$ sci5ce ( eug5ics is dep5d5t on previ\s rese>* by g5etici/s2 = m>riage mat+s :i* take acc\nt ( h]$ity c n be made unless ! mode ( inh]itance ( human traits has previ\sly be5 discov]$4 ,! hi/orical1 social1 legal & o!r aspects ( g5ealogy d n conc]n ! pres5t discussion4 ,we %all discuss only ! biological aspect2 n only because x alone is g]mane to ! pres5t book1 b because we consid] x to h by f> ! greate/ true value1 accept+ ! crit]ion ( value z t :i* increases ! welf>e ( mank9d4 ,by ?is crit]ion1 ! hi/orical1 legal & social aspects ( g5ealogy w be se51 ) a little reflection1 to be ( second>y importance to its biological aspect4 7#b7 ,g5ealogy n[ is too (t5 look$ ^u z an end 9 itself4 ,x w\ld be recogniz$ z a sci5ce ( mu* great] value to ! _w if x 7 consid]$ n an end b a means to a f> great] end ?an x alone c supply4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 cont5d$1 ev5 by su* an au?ority z ,ottok> ,lor5z1 :o is (t5 call$ ! fa!r ( mod]n sci5tific g5ealogy1 t a k ( 8 own ance/ry w tell ea* individual exactly :at he himself is4 ,?is appe>s to be ! basis ( ,lor5z's valuation ( g5ealogy4 ,x is a /ep 9 ! "r direction3 b 7#c7 ,! pres5t me?ods ( g5ealogy are inadequate to support su* a claim4 ,its me?ods are /ill bas$ ma9ly on ! hi/orical1 legal & social functions4 ,a few ( ! faults ( me?od 9 g5ealogy1 :i* ! eug5i/ mo/ deplores1 are3 7a7 ,! in=mation :i* is ( mo/ value is exactly t :i* g5ealogy ord9>ily does n furni%4 ,dates ( bir?1 dea? & m>riage ( an ance/or are ( int]e/1 b ( limit$ biological importance4 ,! facts ab\t t ance/or :i* vitally conc]n 8 liv+ desc5dant are ! facts ( 8 "*1 physical & m5tal2 & ^! facts are giv5 9 v few g5ealogies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,( ,,asc5t ,,t ,,c>ries ,,! ,,family ,,"n ,,fig4 #dj4--;,9 "s p$igrees1 p>ticul>ly ^? deal+ ) antiquity1 ! only "p kn[n is ! l9e ( asc5t :i* c>ries ! family "n1--:at animal bre$]s call ! tail-male4 ,9 su* cases x is evid5t t f ! po9t ( view ( a g5etici/ practically no?+ is kn[n4 ,h[ insignificant any s+le l9e ( asc5t is1 by comp>ison ) ! :ole ance/ry1 ev5 = a few g5]ations1 is graphically %[n by ! above *>t4 ,x is assum$ 9 ?is *>t t no c\s9 m>riages took place4 7b7 ,g5ealogies are commonly too incomplete to be ( real value4 ,sometimes !y deal only ) ! direct male l9e ( asc5t--! l9e t be>s ! family "n1 or :at animal bre$]s call ! tail-male4 ,9 ?is case1 x is n too mu* to say t !y are ne>ly devoid ( g5u9e value4 ,x is cu/om>y to imag9e t !re is "s special virtue inh]5t 9 t l9e ( desc5t :i* c>ries ! family "n4 ,"s "o rem>ks1 = in/ance1 to ,mr4 ,jones t he seems to be fond ( ! sea4 ,yes1 he replies1 ,y "k ! ,joneses h be5 sailors = _m g5]ations4 ,b ! small contribution ( h]$ity made to an individual by ! l9e ( desc5t c>ry+ 8 family "n1 9 comp>ison ) ! re/ ( 8 ance/ry1 may be se5 f ,fig4 #dj4 ,su* incomplete p$igrees are r>ely publi%$ n[adays1 b 9 /udy+ hi/oric *>act]s1 "o frequ5tly f9ds no?+ m ?an ! s+le l9e ( asc5t 9 ! family "n4 ,=tunately1 ,am]ican g5ealogies r>ely g to ?is extreme1 unless x be 9 ! e>lie/ g5]ations2 b x is common en\gh = !m to deal only ) ! direct ance/ors ( ! individual1 omitt+ all bro!rs & si/]s ( ^? ance/ors4 ,al?\gh ?is simplifies ! "w ( ! g5ealogi/ imm5sely1 x deprives x ( value to a correspond+ degree4 7c7 ,z ! purpose ( g5ealogy 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 l>gely social1 x is to be fe>$ t 9 too _m cases discr$itable data h be5 tacitly omitt$ f ! records4 ,! anti-social individual1 ! feeble-m9d$1 ! insane1 ! alcoholic1 ! g5]ally no-c\nt1 has be5 gloss$ ov]4 ,su* a lack ( c&or is n 9 accord ) ! sci5tific _s1 & makes "o unc]ta91 9 ! use ( g5ealogies1 to :at ext5t "o is really gett+ all ! facts4 ,!re are few families ( any size :i* h n "o su* memb] or m1 n _m g5]ations remov$4 ,to attempt to conceal ! fact is n only une?ical b f ! eug5i/'s po9t ( view1 at any rate1 x is a falsification ( records t mu/ be reg>d$ ) great disapproval4 ,at pres5t x is h>d to say to :at ext5t undesirable traits occur 9 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ families2 & x is ( great importance t ?is %\ld be le>n$4 ,maurice ,fi%b]g cont5ds#afj t _m ,jewi% families are *>act]iz$ by extremes1--t 9 ea* g5]ation !y h produc$ m ability & also m disability ?an w\ld ord9>ily be expect$4 ,?is seems to be true ( "s ( ! m prom95t old ,am]ican families z well4 ,on ! o!r h&1 l>ge families c be f\nd1 su* z ! rem>kable family ( ,new ,engl& (fice-hold]s describ$ by ,m]ton ,t4 ,goodri*1#afa 9 :i* !re is a /eady production ( civic wor? 9 e g5]ation ) almo/ no m5tal defectives or gross physical defectives4 ,9 su* a family !re is a high su/a9$ level4 ,x is su* /ra9s :i* eug5i/s wi% especially to increase4 ,9 ?is connection x is aga9 wor? not+ t a really great man is r>ely f\nd 9 an ance/ry devoid ( ability4 ,?is 0 po9t$ out 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 b is c]ta9 to /rike ! g5ealogi/'s att5tion =cibly4 ,abraham ,l9coln is (t5 quot$ z an exception2 b m rec5t /udies ( 8 ance/ry h %[n t he is n really an exception2 t1 z ,ida ,m4 ,t>bell#afb says1 ,s f> f 8 lat] c>e] be+ unacc\nt$ = 9 8 orig9 & e>ly hi/ory1 x is z fully acc\nt$ = z is ! case ( any man4 ,! ,l9coln family 0 "o ( ! be/ 9 ,am]ica1 & :ile ,abraham's own fa!r 0 an ecc5tric p]son1 he 0 yet a man ( consid]able =ce ( "*1 by no means ! poor :ite tra% :i* he is (t5 repres5t$ to h be54 ,! ,hanks family1 to :i* ! ,emancipator's "m belong$1 _h also ma9ta9$ a high level ( ability 9 e g5]ation2 fur!rmore1 ,?omas ,l9coln & ,nancy ,hanks1 ! p>5ts ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 7 fir/ c\s9s4 ,! m difficult cases1 = ! eug5i/1 are r to be f\nd 9 su* ance/ries z ^? ( ,l\is ,pa/eur & ,mi*ael ,f>aday4 ,pa/eur#afc might p]haps be ju/ly consid]$ ! greate/ man ,france has ev] produc$2 8 fa!r 0 a non-commission$ soldi] :o came ( a long l9e ( tann]s1 :ile 8 "m's family _h be5 g>d5]s = g5]ations4 ,f>aday1 :o is wor?y to be plac$ close to ,*>les ,d>w9 among em95t ,engli%m51 0 ! son ( a blacksmi? & a f>m]'s daught]4 ,su* p$igrees are /rik+2 & yet1 z ,fr$]ick ,adams ,woods has rem>k$1 !y ought to /r5g!n r ?an to weak5 "o's belief 9 ! =ce ( h]$ity4 ,:5 x is consid]$ h[ r>ely su* an ance/ry produces a great man1 x mu/ be fairly evid5t t 8 greatness is due to an accid5tal conjunction ( favorable traits1 z ! mod]n !ory ( g5etics holds2 & t greatness is n due to ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]s1 on :i* hypo!sis ,pa/eur & ,f>aday w\ld inde$ be difficult to expla94 ,cases ( ?is sort1 ev5 ?\gh involv+ mu* less fam\s p1 w be f\nd 9 almo/ e g5ealogy1 & add greatly to ! int]e/ ( its /udy1 z well z (f]+ valuable data to ! pr(essional g5etici/4 7d7 ,ev5 if ! in=mation x furni%es 7 m complete1 human g5ealogy w\ld n ju/ify ! claims sometimes made = x z a sci5ce1 because1 to use a biological phrase1 ! mat+s are n controll$4 ,! results ( a c]ta9 exp]im5t are exhibit$1 b c n be int]pret$ unless "o kn[s :at ! results w\ld h be51 _h ! prec$+ conditions be5 v>i$ 9 ?is way or 9 t way4 ,^! controll$ exp]im5ts c be made 9 plant & animal bre$+2 !y h be5 made by ! ?\s&1 by ! hundr$ ?\s&1 = _m ye>s4 ,!y c n be made 9 human society4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 n desirable t !y %\ld be made2 b ! consequ5ce is t ! biological mean+ ( human hi/ory1 ! real import ( g5ealogy1 c n be kn[n unless x is int]pret$ 9 ! light ( mod]n plant & animal bre$+4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t g5ealogy g into p>tn]%ip ) g5etics1 ! g5]al sci5ce ( h]$ity4 ,if a _s ( false pride leads g5ealogi/s to hold alo( f ^! exp]im5ts1 !y w make sl[ progress4 ,! int]pretation ( g5ealogy 9 ! light ( mod]n rese>* 9 h]$ity ?r\gh ! exp]im5tal bre$+ ( plants & animals is full ( hope2 )\t su* light1 x w be disc\rag+ly sl[ "w4 ,g5ealogi/s are usually pr\d ( _! p$igrees2 !y usually h a "r to be4 ,b _! pride %\ld n lead !m to scorn ! p$igrees ( "s ( ! peas1 & corn1 snapdragons & sug> beets1 bulldogs & ,%or?orn cattle1 ) :i* g5etici/s h be5 work+ dur+ ! la/ g5]ation2 = ^! humble p$igrees may ?r[ m light on _! own ?an a c5tury ( rese>* 9 purely human mat]ial4 ,! sci5ce ( g5ealogy w n h full mean+ & full value to ^? :o pursue x1 unless !y br+ !mselves to look on m5 & wom5 z organisms subject to ! same laws ( h]$ity & v>iation z o!r liv+ ?+s4 ,biologi/s 7 n long ago told t x 0 ess5tial = !m to le>n to ?9k l g5ealogi/s4 ,= ! purpose ( eug5ics1 nei!r sci5ce is complete )\t ! o!r2 & we believe t x is n invidi\s to say t biologi/s h be5 quick] to realize ?is ?an h g5ealogi/s4 ,! ,gold5 ,age ( g5ealogy is yet to come4 7#d7 ,9 addition to ! correction ( ^! faulty me?ods1 !re are c]ta9 ext5sions ( g5ealogical me?od :i* c\ld advantage\sly be made )\t great difficulty4 7a7 ,m writt5 records %\ld be kept1 & less dep5d5ce plac$ on oral communication4 ,! obsolesc5t family ,bible1 ) its *ronicle ( bir?s1 dea?s & m>riages1 is an in/itution ( too great value 9 m ways ?an "o1 to be giv5 up4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates h n ! advantage ( mu* ( ! ma*9]y ( ,/ate regi/ration :i* aids ,european g5ealogy1 & :ile work+ = bett] regi/ration ( vital /ati/ics1 x %\ld be a matt] ( pride ) e family to keep its own ar*ives4 7b7 ,family trees %\ld be kept 9 m detail1 includ+ all bro!rs & si/]s 9 e family1 no matt] at :at age !y di$1 & includ+ z _m collat]als z possible4 ,?is means m "w = ! g5ealogi/1 b ! results w be ( mu* value to sci5ce4 7c7 ,m family traits %\ld be m>k$4 ,^? at pres5t record$ are mo/ly ( a social or economic nature1 & are ( little real significance aft] ! dea? ( _! possessor4 ,b ! traits ( 8 m9d & body are likely to g on to 8 desc5dants indef9itely4 ,^! are !re=e ! facts ( 8 life on :i* att5tion %\ld be focus$4 7d7 ,m pictorial data %\ld be add$4 ,photographs ( ! memb]s ( ! family1 at all ages1 %\ld be c>efully pres]v$4 ,measurem5ts equally des]ve att5tion4 ,! door jamb is n a satisfactory place = record+ ! heights ( *ildr51 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is day :5 removals are s frequ5t4 ,complete an?ropometric measurem5ts1 su* z e memb] ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 mo/ college /ud5ts1 & _m o!r p are oblig$ to und]go once or p]iodically1 %\ld be plac$ on file4 7e7 ,p$igrees %\ld be trac$ upw>d f a liv+ individual1 r ?an d[nw>d f "s h]o long s9ce dead4 ,( c\rse1 ! ideal me?od w\ld be to comb9e ^! two1 or to keep duplicate p$igrees1 "o a table ( asc5dants & ! o!r ( desc5dants1 9 ! same /ock4 ,g5ealogical data ( ! ne$$ k9d1 h[ev]1 c n be r$uc$ to a m]e table or a family tree4 ,! ideal g5ealogy />ts ) a :ole frat]nity--! individual :o is mak+ x & all 8 bro!rs & si/]s4 ,x describes fully ! frat]nity to :i* ! fa!r belongs1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ea* memb]1 ( ! husb& or wife ( t memb] 7if m>ri$7 & _! *ildr51 :o are ( c\rse ! fir/ c\s9s ( ! mak] ( ! g5ealogical /udy4 ,x does ! same = ! "m's frat]nity4 ,next x consid]s ! frat]nity to :i* ! fa!r's fa!r belongs1 consid]s _! consorts & _! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr51 & !n takes up ! /udy ( ! frat]nity ( ! fa!r's "m 9 ! same way4 ,! "m's p>5ts next receive att5tion2 & !n ! e>li] g5]ations are simil>ly treat$1 z f> z ! available records w all[4 ,a p$igree /udy con/ruct$ on ?is plan really %[s :at traits are runn+ ?r\gh ! families involv$1 & is va/ly m significant ?an a m]e *a9 ( l9ks1 ev5 ?\gh ?is might run ?r\gh a doz5 g5]ations4 7#e7 ,) ^! *anges1 g5ealogy w\ld become ! /udy ( h]$ity1 r ?an ! /udy ( l9eage4 ,x is n meant to say t ! /udy ( h]$ity is no?+ m ?an appli$ g5ealogy4 ,z und]/ood n[adays1 x includes ma!matical & biological t]ritory :i* mu/ always be =eign to g5ealogy4 ,x might be said t 9 s f> z man is conc]n$1 h]$ity is ! int]pretation ( g5ealogy1 & eug5ics ! application ( h]$ity4 ,g5ealogy %\ld give its /ud5ts a vision ( ! species z a great gr\p ( ev]-*ang+1 int]relat$ organisms1 a great network orig9at+ 9 ! obscurity ( ! pa/1 /ret*+ =w>d into ! obscurity ( ! future1 e individual 9 x organically relat$ to e o!r1 & all ( !m ! h]itors ( ! pa/ 9 a v real s5se4 ,g5ealogi/s d well 9 giv+ a realization ( ! importance ( ! family1 b !y err if !y base ?is tea*+ altoge!r on ! family's pride 9 "s remote ance/or :o1 ev5 ?\gh he bore ! family "n & 0 a prodigy ( virtues1 probably c\nts = v little 9 ! individual's make-up to-day4 ,to take a concrete ?\gh :olly imag9>y illu/ration3 :at man w\ld n feel a c]ta9 satisfaction 9 be+ a l9eal desc5dant ( ,george ,wa%+ton8 ,& yet1 if ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry be plac$ at only f\r removes f ! liv+ individual1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ?is hypo!tical liv+ individual _h fifte5 o!r ance/ors 9 ,george ,wa%+ton's g5]ation1 any "o ( :om may play z great or a great] "p 9 8 ance/ry2 & s remote are !y all t1 z a /ati/ical av]age1 x is calculat$ t ! contribution ( ,george ,wa%+ton to ! ance/ry ( ! hypo!tical liv+ individual w\ld be p]haps n m ?an "o-?ird ( #a ( ! total4 ,! small influ5ce ( "o ( ^! remote ance/ors may be se5 at a glance1 if a *>t ( all ! ance/ors up to ! g5]ation ( ! great h]o is made4 ,foll[+ out ! illu/ration1 a p$igree bas$ on ,george ,wa%+ton w\ld look l ! diagram 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,9 m remote g5]ations1 ! probable biological influ5ce ( ! ance/or becomes practically nil4 ,?us ,am]icans :o trace _! desc5t to "s royal p]sonage ( ,engl& or ! ,cont95t1 a doz5 g5]ations ago1 may get a c]ta9 am\nt ( spiritual satisfaction out ( ! relation%ip1 b !y c]ta9ly c d]ive little real help1 ( a h]$it>y k9d1 f ?is ance/or4 ,& :5 "o goes f>!r back1--z to ,william ! ,conqu]or1 :o seems to rank ) ! ,mayfl[] immigrants z a prog5itor ( _m desc5dants--! claim ( desc5t becomes really a joke4 ,if #bd g5]ations h elaps$ betwe5 ! pres5t & ! "t ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 e individual liv+ to-day mu/ h _h liv+ 9 ! epo* ( ! ,norman conque/ n less ?an sixte5 million ance/ors4 ,( c\rse1 !re 0 no su* numb] ( p 9 all ,engl& & ,norm&y1 at t "t1 h5ce x is obvi\s t ! !oretical numb] has be5 greatly r$uc$ 9 e g5]ation by consangu9e\s m>riages1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 betwe5 p]sons s remotely relat$ t !y did n "k !y 7 relat$4 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 inde$1 has calculat$ t mo/ p]sons ( ! old ,am]ican /ock 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are relat$ to ea* o!r n m remotely ?an ?irtie? c\s9s1 & a v l>ge proportion z closely z fifte5? c\s9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,small ,,value ,,( ,a ,,fam\s1 ,,b ,,remote1 ,,ance/or ,,fig4 #da4--;,a liv+ individual :o 0 a l9eal desc5dant ( ,george ,wa%+ton might well take pride 9 ! fact1 b g5etically t fact might be ( v little significance4 ,! above *>t %[s graphically h[ small a "p any s+le ance/or plays1 a few g5]ations back4 ,a g5]al high av]age ( ability 9 an ance/ry is mu* m important1 eug5ically1 ?an ! appe>ance ( "o or two di/+ui%$ individuals4 ,at any rate1 x mu/ be obvi\s t ! ance/ors ( any p]son ( old ,am]ican /ock liv+ to-day mu/ h includ$ practically all ! inhabitants ( ,engl& & ,norm&y1 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,look+ at ! p$igree f ! o!r end1 ,william ! ,conqu]or mu/ h liv+ to-day at lea/ #af1jjj1jjj desc5dants4 ,mo/ ( !m c n trace back _! p$igrees1 b t does n alt] ! fact4 ,su* consid]ations give "o a vivid realization ( ! bro!rhood ( man2 b !y c h>dly be said to ju/ify any great pride 9 desc5t f a family ( crusad]s = in/ance1 except on purely s5tim5tal gr\nds4 ,desc5t f a fam\s man or woman %\ld n be disp>ag$4 ,x is a matt] ( legitimate pride & congratulation4 ,b claims = respect made on t gr\nd alone are1 f a biological po9t ( view1 negligible1 if ! h]o is sev]al g5]ations remov$4 ,:at ,sir ,francis ,galton wrote ( ! pe]s ( ,engl& may1 ) slight alt]ations1 be giv5 g5]al application to ! desc5dants ( fam\s p3 ,an old pe]age is a valueless title to natural gifts1 except s f> z x may h be5 furbi%$ up by a succession ( wise int]m>riages4444 ,i _c ?9k ( any claim to respect1 put =w>d 9 mod]n days1 t is s entirely an impo/ure z t made by a pe] on ! gr\nd ( desc5t1 :o has nei!r be5 nobly educat$1 nor has any em95t k9sman )9 ?ree degrees4 ,b1 "s "o may prote/1 are we n %att]+ ! v edifice ( :i* we are pr(ess$ def5d]s1 9 ?us d5y+ ! =ce ( h]$ity8 ,n at all4 ,we wi% m]ely to emphasize t a man has sixte5 great-great-gr&p>5ts1 in/ead ( "o1 & t ^? 9 ! mat]nal l9es are too (t5 ov]look$1 al?\gh f a biological po9t ( view !y are e bit z important z ^? 9 ! pat]nal l9es4 ,& we wi% fur!r to emphasize ! po9t t x is ! ne> relatives :o1 on ! :ole1 repres5t :at "o is4 ,! great family :i* = a g5]ation or two makes unwise m>riages1 mu/ live on its pa/ reputation & see ! "w ( ! _w done & ! prizes c>ri$ away by ! *ildr5 ( wis] mat+s4 ,no family c ma9ta9 its eug5ic rank m]ely by ! p[] ( in]tia4 ,e m>riage t a memb] ( ! family makes is a matt] ( vital conc]n to ! future ( ! family3 & ?is is "o ( ! lessons :i* a broad sci5ce ( g5ealogy %\ld inculcate 9 e y\?4 ,is x practicable to direct g5ealogy on ?is slightly diff]5t l9e8 ,z to t1 ! g5ealogi/ mu/ decide4 ,^! are ! qualifications :i* old ,pr(essor ,william ,*auncey ,f[l] laid d[n z ess5tial = a successful g5ealogi/3 ,love ( k9dr$4 ,love ( inve/igation4 ,active imag9ation4 ,s\nd & discipl9$ judgm5t4 ,consci5ti\s reg>d to tru?4 ,a pleas+ /yle z a writ]4 ,) su* qualifications1 "o c g f>1 & x w\ld seem t "o :o possesses !m has only to fix 8 att5tion ^u ! biological aspect ( g5ealogy1 to become conv9c$ t 8 sci5ce is only "p ( a sci5ce1 z long z x ignores eug5ics4 ,aft] all1 no?+ m is necess>y ?an a slight *ange 9 ! po9t ( view2 & if g5ealogi/s c adopt ?is new po9t ( view1 c add to _! equipm5t "s famili>ity ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( biology z !y apply to man & are laid d[n 9 ! sci5ce ( eug5ics1 ! value ( ! sci5ce ( g5ealogy to ! _w ought to increase at lea/ five-fold )9 a g5]ation4 ,:at c be expect$ f a g5ealogy ) eug5ic f\ndation8 ,fir/ & =emo/1 x w give g5etics a *ance to advance ) m rapidity1 9 its /udy ( man4 ,g5etics1 ! /udy ( h]$ity1 c n successfully proce$ by direct obs]vation 9 ! human species z x does ) plants & rapidly-bre$+ animals1 because ! g5]ations are too long4 ,less ?an ?ree g5]ations are ( little value = g5etic rese>*es1 & ev5 ?ree c r>ely be obs]v$ to advantage by any "o p]son4 ,!re=e1 second-h& in=mation mu/ be us$4 ,s f>1 mo/ ( ?is has be5 ga9$ by s5d+ field-work]s--a new k9d ( g5ealogi/--out among ! memb]s ( a family1 & hav+ !m collect ! desir$ in=mation1 ei!r by /udy ( extant records1 or by ^w ( m\?4 ,b ! writt5 records ( value h be5 usually negligible 9 quantity1 & oral communication has !re=e be5 ! ma9/ay4 ,x has n be5 :olly satisfactory4 ,few p--aside f g5ealogi/s--c give ev5 ! names ( all _! great-gr&p>5ts1 f> less c !y tell any?+ ( importance ab\t !m4 ,x is ?us to g5ealogy t g5etics is driv54 ,unless family records are available1 x c accompli% little4 ,& x c n get ^! family records unless g5ealogi/s realize ! importance ( furni%+ !m2 = z has already be5 po9t$ out1 mo/ g5ealogies at pres5t available are ( little value to g5etics1 because ( ! inadequacy ( ! data !y furni%4 ,x is only 9 ! case ( exceptional families1 su* z ! royal h\ses ( ,europe1 t en\gh in=mation is giv5 ab\t ea* individual to furni% an opportunity = analysis4 ,:at c\ld be done if !re 7 m su* data available is brilliantly illu/rat$ 9 ! inve/igation by ,fr$]ick ,adams ,woods ( ,bo/on ( ! reign+ h\ses ( ,europe4 ,8 writ+s %\ld be read by e g5ealogi/1 z a s\rce ( inspiration z well z in=mation4 ,m su* data mu/ be obta9$ 9 ! future4 ,g5ealogi/s mu/ beg9 at once to keep family records 9 su* a way t !y w be ( ! greate/ value possible--t !y w s]ve n only family pride1 b bigg] purposes4 ,x w n take long to get toge!r a l>ge numb] ( family hi/ories1 9 :i* ! idea w be to tell z mu* z possible1 in/ead ( z little z possible1 ab\t e individual m5tion$4 ,! value ( p$igrees ( ?is k9d is great] ?an mo/ p realize4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! traits1 on ^: importance 9 ! p$igree we h be5 insi/+1 are responsible n only = :atev] ! individual is1 b = :atev] society is1--:atev] ! race is4 ,!y are n p]sonal matt]s1 z ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port & ,h4 ,h4 ,laughl9 well po9t out2 !y come to u f out ( ! population ( ! pa/1 &1 9 s f> z we h *ildr51 !y become dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! population ( ! future4 ,^u su* traits society is built2 good or bad !y det]m9e ! fate ( our society4 ,ap>t f migration1 !re is only "o way to get socially desirable traits into our social life1 & t is reproduction2 !re is only "o way to get !m out1 by prev5t+ ! reproduction4 ,all social welf>e "w is m]ely education ( ! g]ms ( traits2 x does n provide su* g]ms4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! g]ms ! traits c n develop4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is possible ) difficulty1 if possible at all1 by means ( ! /ronge/ repressive measures m]ely1 to prev5t ! developm5t ( undesirable h]$it>y traits4 ,society c treat ! del9qu5t individual m reasonably1 m effectively1 & m humanely1 if x kn[s ! 'pa/ p]=mance' ( 8 g]m-plasm4 ,9 addition to _! importance to society1 a k ( ! traits ( a p$igree has a great direct importance to ! individual2 "o ( ! mo/ valuable ?+s to be le>n$ f t k is ! answ] to ! "q1 ,:at %all a boy or girl d8 ,:at c>e] %all "o lay out = "o's *ildr58 ,a k ( ! *ild's inborn nature1 su* z c be _h only ?r\gh /udy ( 8 ance/ry1 w guide ^? :o h 8 education 9 h&1 & w fur!r guide ^? :o decide1 or help ! *ild decide1 :at "w to take up 9 life4 ,?is helps to put ! problem ( vocational guidance on a s\nd basis1--! basis ( ! individual's inh]5t aptitudes4 ,n too mu* mu/ be expect$ f vocational guidance at ! pres5t "t1 b 9 ! case ( traits t are inh]it$1 x is a fair inf]5ce t a *ild is m likely to be highly end[$ ) a trait :i* bo? p>5ts possess1 ?an ) "o t only "o p>5t possesses4 ,among ! traits :i* h be5 said to occur 9 "s su* direct h]$it>y way1 ,h4 ,l4 ,holl+wor?#afd obs]ves1 or z ! result ( unexpla9$ mutation or deviation f type1 are3 ma!matical aptitude1 ability 9 draw+1#afe musical composition1#aff s++1 poetic reaction1 milit>y /rategy1 *ess play+4 ,pit* discrim9ation seems to dep5d on /ructural factors :i* are n susceptible ( improvem5t by practice4#afg ,! same may be said ( v>i\s =ms ( pr(essional a?letic a*ievem5t4 ,color bl9dness seems to be an in/ance ( ! conspicu\s abs5ce ( su* a unit *>act]i/ic4 ,aga91 ! k ( ance/ry is an ess5tial factor 9 ! wise selection ( a husb& or wife4 ,insi/5ce has be5 laid on ?is po9t 9 an e>li] *apt] ( ?is book1 & x is n necess>y "h to repeat :at 0 !re said4 ,b x seems c]ta9 t ance/ry w /eadily play a l>g] "p 9 m>riage selection 9 ! future2 x is at lea/ necess>y to "k t "o is n m>ry+ into a family t c>ries ! ta9t ( s]i\s h]$it>y defect1 ev5 if "o kn[s no?+ m4 ,an intellig5t /udy ( g5ealogy w d mu*1 we believe1 to br+ ab\t ! intellig5t selection ( ! man or woman ) :om "o is to fall 9 love4 ,9 addition to ^! g5]al consid]ations1 x is evid5t t g5ealogy1 prop]ly c>ri$ out1 w\ld ?r[ light on mo/ ( ! specific problems ) :i* eug5ics is conc]n$1 or :i* fall 9 ! field ( g5etics4 ,a few examples ( ^! problems may be m5tion$1 9 addition to ^? :i* are discuss$ 9 v>i\s o!r *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hi/ory ,,( #ajj ,,babies ,,fig4 #db4--,! top ( ! diagram %[s ! *ildr5 />t+ f scrat*4 ,by foll[+ d[n ! v]tical l9es1 "o c see t _! longevity dep5ds l>gely on ! size ( family f :i* !y come4 ,^? :o _h #aj or a doz5 bro!rs & si/]s are mo/ likely to live to extreme age4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell's data1 #bifd memb]s ( ! ,hyde family 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adult ,,mortality ,,fig4 #dc--;,if *ild mortality is elim9at$1 & only ^? individuals /udi$ :o live to ! age ( #bj or long]1 ! small families are /ill f\nd to be h&icapp$4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t ! l>g] ! family1 ! long] a memb] ( x w live4 ,l>ge families 79 a normal1 heal?y section ( ! population7 indicate vitality on ! "p ( ! p>5ts4 ,?is does n1 ( c\rse1 hold good 9 ! slums1 :]e m5tal & f9ancial ineffici5cy are abundant4 ,)9 c]ta9 classes1 h[ev]1 x may be said ) confid5ce t ! weakl+s 9 ! population are mo/ likely to be f small families4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell's data4 #a4 ,! suppos$ inf]iority ( fir/-born *ildr5 has be5 debat$ at "s l5g? dur+ ! la/ decade1 b is n yet :olly settl$4 ,x appe>s possible t ! fir/-born may be1 on ! av]age1 inf]ior bo? physically & m5tally to ! *ildr5 :o come directly aft] him2 on ! o!r h&1 ! numb] ( fir/-born :o atta9 em95ce is great] ?an w\ld be expect$ on ! basis ( pure *ance4 ,m data are ne$$ to cle> up ?is problem4#afh #b4 ,! advantage to a *ild ( be+ a memb] ( a l>ge or small family is a "q ( importance4 ,9 ^! days ( bir? control1 ! argum5t is frequ5tly he>d t l>ge families are an evil ( !mselves1 ! *ildr5 9 !m be+ h&icapp$ by ! excessive *ild-be>+ ( ! "m4 ,! /ati/ics cit$ 9 support ( ?is claim are drawn f ! slums1 :]e ! families are m>k$ by pov]ty & by physical & m5tal inf]iority4 ,x c easily be %[n1 by a /udy ( m favor$ families1 t ! be/ *ildr5 come f ! l>ge frat]nities4 ,9 fact ,alex&] ,graham ,bell f\nd evid5ce1#afi 9 8 inve/igation ( ! ,hyde ,family 9 ,am]ica1 t ! families ( #aj or m *ildr5 7 ^? :i* %[$ ! greate/ longevity 7see ,figs4 #db & #dc74 ,9 ?is connection1 longevity is ( c\rse a m>k ( vitality & physical fitness4 #c4 ,! "q ( ! effect ( *ild-be>+ on ! "m is equally important1 s9ce expon5ts ( bir? control are urg+ t mo!rs %\ld n be> m *ildr5 ?an !y desire4 ,a4 ,o4 ,p[ys' c>eful /udy#agj ( ! admirable vital /ati/ics ( ,new ,s\? ,wales %[$ t ! mo!rs :o liv$ longe/ 7 ^? :o bore f five to sev5 *ildr54 #d4 ,! age at :i* m5 & wom5 %\ld m>ry has n yet be5 suffici5tly det]m9$1 on biological gr\nds4 ,/ati/ics s f> compil$ d n indicate t ! age ( ! fa!r has any direct influ5ce on ! "* ( ! *ildr51 b ! age ( ! "m und\bt$ly ex]cises a /rong influ5ce on !m4 ,?us x is n[ well e/abli%$#aga t infant mortality is l[e/ among ! *ildr5 ( "y mo!rs1--say f #bj to #be ye>s ( age1--& t delay 9 *ild-be>+ aft] t age p5alizes ! *ildr5 7see ,fig4 #dd74 ,!re is also "s evid5ce t1 altoge!r ap>t f ! infant mortality1 ! *ildr5 ( "y mo!rs atta9 a great] longevity ?an d ^? ( old] wom54 ,m facts are ne$$1 to %[ h[ mu* ( ?is effect is due to ! age ( ! "m1 h[ mu* to h] exp]i5ce1 & h[ mu* to ! influ5ce ( ! numb] ( *ildr5 %e has previ\sly borne4 #e4 ,assortative mat+1 consangu9e\s m>riage1 ! inh]itance ( a t5d5cy to disease1 longevity1 sex-l9k$ h]$ity1 sex-det]m9ation1 ! production ( tw9s1 & _m o!r problems ( int]e/ to ! g5]al public z well z to ! biologi/1 are await+ ! collection ( full] data4 ,all su* problems w be illum9at$1 :5 m g5ealogies are kept on a biological basis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,"m',s ,,age ,,fig4 #dd4--;,z measur$ by ! p]c5tage ( infant dea?s1 ^? *ildr5 %[ ! greate/ vitality :o 7 born to mo!rs betwe5 ! ages ( #bj & #be4 ,infant mortality increases /eadily z ! "m gr[s old]4 ,9 ?is case ! y\nge/ mo!rs 7^? "u #bj ye>s ( age7 d n make q z good a %[+ z ^? :o are a little old]1 b 9 o!r /udies ! y\nge/ mo!rs h made excell5t records4 ,9 g5]al1 su* /udies all %[ t ! babies are p5aliz$ if m>riage is delay$ beyond ! age ( #be1 or if *ild-be>+ is unduly delay$ aft] m>riage4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell's data4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 an emphatic w>n+ aga9/ sup]ficial inve/igation mu/ be utt]$4 ,! m$ical pr(ession has be5 p>ticul>ly ha/y1 _m times1 9 report+ cases :i* 7 assum$ to demon/rate h]$ity4 ,! *ild 0 s & s2 x 0 f\nd on inquiry t ! fa!r 0 also s & s3 ,po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc--x 0 h]$ity4 ,su* a me?od ( inve/igation is calculat$ to br+ g5etics into disrepute1 & w\ld haz>d ! cr$it ( g5ealogy4 ,z a fact1 "o case c\nts = practically no?+ z pro( ( h]$it>y influ5ce2 ev5 half a doz5 or a doz5 may be ( no significance4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* g5ealogical data c be analyz$ to d$uce biological laws3 "o is bas$ on ! application ( /ati/ical & graphic me?ods to ! data1 & ne$s "s hundr$s ( cases to be ( value2 ! o!r is by p$igree-/udy1 & ne$s at lea/ ?ree g5]ations ( p$igree1 usually cov]+ num]\s collat]als1 to (f] important results4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t anyone ) a suffici5tly complete record ( 8 own ance/ry w\ld necess>ily be able by inspection to d$uce f x any important contribution to sci5ce4 ,b if en\gh complete family records are made available1 ! pr(essional g5etici/ c be call$ into coop]ation1 c supplem5t ! human record ) 8 k ( ! results a*iev$ by c>efully controll$ animal & plant bre$+1 & betwe5 !m1 ! g5ealogi/ & ! g5etici/ c 9 mo/ cases arrive at ! tru?4 ,t su* tru? is ( ! highe/ importance to any family1 & equally to society z a :ole1 mu/ be evid5t4 ,let ! g5ealogi/1 !n1 br+ toge!r data on e trait he c ?9k (4 ,z a guide & /imulus1 he %\ld read ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,h]b]t's ,sp5c]'s ,autobiography1 or ( ,k>l ,pe>son's1 ,life1 ,lett]s & ,labors ( ,sir ,francis ,galton1 or ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port's /udy#agb ( ,c4 ,o4 ,:itman1 "o ( ! =emo/ ,am]ican biologi/s4 ,he w also f9d help 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ac ( ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice1 ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 ,new ,york4 ,x is entitl$1 ,h[ to ,make a ,eug5ical ,family ,/udy1 & gives a li/ ( que/ions :i* %\ld be answ]$1 & po9ts :i* %\ld be not$4 ,) "s su* li/ z ?is1 or ev5 ) 8 own common-s5se1 ! g5ealogi/ may seek to asc]ta9 z mu* z possible ab\t ! significant facts 9 ! life ( 8 ance/ors1 be>+ 9 m9d t ! g5etici/ w ask two que/ions ab\t e trait m5tion$3 #a4 ,is ?is *>act]i/ic inh]it$8 #b4 ,if s1 h[8 ,nor mu/ x be =gott5 t ! g5etici/ is (t5 z mu* int]e/$ 9 kn[+ t a giv5 "* is n inh]it$ "u c]ta9 conditions1 z t x is4 ,x is highly desirable t g5ealogi/s %\ld acquire ! habit ( /at+ ! traits ( _! subjects 9 quantitative t]ms4 ,!y too (t5 /ate t a c]ta9 am\nt is mu*2 :at %\ld be told is h[ mu*4 ,in/ead ( say+ t an individual _h fairly good heal?1 tell exactly :at diseases he _h dur+ 8 lifetime2 in/ead ( rem>k+ t he 0 a good ma!matician1 tell "s anecdote or fact t w all[ judgm5t ( ! ext5t ( 8 ability 9 ?is l9e4 ,did he keep record ( 8 bank balance 9 8 head in/ead ( on pap]8 ,0 he fond ( ma!matical puzzles8 ,did he revel 9 /ati/ics8 ,0 ! /udy ( calculus a recreation to him8 ,su* ?+s probably w appe> trivial to ! g5ealogi/1 b to ! eug5i/ !y are sometimes important4 ,aside f biology1 or z mu* ( x z is compris$ 9 eug5ics1 g5ealogy may also s]ve m$ic9e1 jurisprud5ce1 sociology1 /ati/ics1 & v>i\s o!r sci5ces z well z ! ones :i* x n[ s]ves4 ,b 9 mo/ cases1 su* s]vice w h a eug5ic aspect4 ,! alliance betwe5 eug5ics & g5ealogy is s logical t x c n be put (f mu* long]4 ,g5ealogi/s may well ask :at facilities !re are = receiv+ & us+ p$igrees su* z we h be5 outl9+1 if !y 7 made up4 ,all are1 ( c\rse1 famili> ) ! repositories :i* ! diff]5t patriotic societies1 ! ,national ,g5ealogical ,society1 & simil> organizations ma9ta91 z well z ! collections ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress & o!r great public in/itutions4 ,any?+ deposit$ 9 su* a place c be f\nd by inve/igators :o are actively engag$ 9 eug5ic rese>*4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re are c]ta9 e/abli%m5ts f\nd$ = ! sole purpose ( analyz+ g5ealogies f a biological or /ati/ical po9t ( view4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,galton ,laboratory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 direct$ by ,k>l ,pe>son4 ,!re are two su* at "w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! l>g] is ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice at ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 ,new ,york1 direct$ by ,*>les ,b4 ,dav5port4 ,blank s*$ules are s5t to all applicants1 9 :i* ! p$igree ( an individual may be easily set d[n1 ) ref]5ce p>ticul>ly to ! traits ( eug5ic importance4 ,:5 desir$1 ! (fice w s5d duplicate s*$ules1 "o ( :i* may be reta9$ by ! applicant = 8 own files4 ,! s*$ules fil$ at ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice are treat$ z confid5tial1 access to !m be+ giv5 only to accr$it$ inve/igators4 ,! second in/itution ( ?is k9d is ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 f\nd$ & direct$ by ,alex&] ,graham ,bell at #afja ,?irty-fif? ,/reet ,n4 ,w41 ,wa%+ton ,d4 ,c4 ,?is devotes itself solely to ! collection ( data reg>d+ longevity1 & s5ds out s*$ules to all ^? 9 ^: families !re h be5 individuals atta9+ ! age ( #hj or ov]4 ,x welcomes correspond5ce on ! subject f all :o "k ( cases ( long life1 & endeavors to put ! p>ticul>s on record1 especially ) ref]5ce to ! ance/ry & habits ( ! long-liv$ individual4 ,! ,eug5ics ,regi/ry at ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*41 likewise receives p$igrees1 :i* x ref]s to ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor = analysis4 ,p]sons intellig5tly int]e/$ 9 _! ance/ry might well consid] x a duty to society1 & to _! own po/]ity1 to s5d = "o ( ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice s*$ules1 fill x out & place x on file !re1 & to d ! same ) ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 if !y are s =tunate z to come ( a /ock *>act]iz$ by longevity4 ,! fill+ out ( ^! s*$ules w\ld be likely to lead to a new view ( g5ealogy2 & :5 ?is po9t ( view is once ga9$1 ! /ud5t w f9d x adds imm5sely to 8 int]e/ 9 8 pursuit4 ,g5ealogi/s are all famili> ) ! *>ge ( long /&+ t g5ealogy is a subject ( no use1 a fad ( a privileg$ class4 ,!y d n ne$ to be told t su* a *>ge is untrue4 ,b g5ealogy c be made a mu* m useful sci5ce ?an x n[ is1 & x w be at ! same "t m int]e/+ to its foll[]s1 if x is no long] look$ ^u z an end 9 itself1 nor solely z a m9i/] to family pride4 ,we hope to see x reg>d$ z a h&maid ( evolution1 j z are ! o!r sci5ces2 we hope to see x l9k$ ) ! great biological movem5t ( ! pres5t day1 = ! bett]m5t ( mank9d4 ,s mu* = ! sci5ce z a :ole4 ,:at c ! individual d8 ,no?+ bett] ?an to broad5 8 outlook s t he may view 8 family n z an exclusive entity1 c5t]$ 9 a "n1 dep5d5t on "s illu/ri\s man or m5 ( ! pa/2 b r z an integral "p ( ! great fabric ( human life1 its w>p & wo( cont9u\s f ! dawn ( creation & criss-cross$ at ea* g5]ation4 ,:5 he gets ?is vision1 he w desire to make 8 family tree z full z possible1 to include 8 collat]als1 to note e trait :i* he c f9d on record1 to pres]ve ! photographs & measurem5ts ( 8 own contempor>ies1 & to take pleasure 9 feel+ t ! hi/ory ( 8 family is a contribution to human k1 z well z to ! pride ( ! family4 ,if ! individual g5ealogi/ does ?is1 ! sci5ce ( g5ealogy w become a useful s]vant ( ! :ole race1 & its influ5ce1 n conf9$ to a few1 w be felt by all1 z a positive1 dynamic =ce help+ !m to lead m wor?y lives 9 ! %ort span allott$ to !m1 & help+ !m to leave m wor?y po/]ity to c>ry on ! names !y bore & ! sacr$ ?read ( immortality1 ( :i* !y 7 = a "t ! cu/odians4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,eug5ic ,,aspect ,,( ,,"s ,,specific ,,re=ms ,ne>ly e law & cu/om ( a c\ntry has an influ5ce direct or remote on eug5ics4 ,! eug5ic progress to be expect$ if laws & cu/oms are gradually b /eadily modifi$ 9 appropriate ways1 is va/ly great] & m practicable ?an is any possible ga9 :i* c\ld be made at pres5t ?r\gh s*emes = ! direct control ( eug5ic m>riages4 ,9 ?is pres5t *apt]1 we try to po9t out "s ( ! eug5ic aspects ( c]ta9 features ( ,am]ican society4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t we h any legislative panaceas to (f]1 or t ! sugge/ions we make are necess>ily ! correct ones4 ,we are prim>ily conc]n$ ) /imulat+ p to ?9k ab\t ! eug5ic aspects ( _! laws & cu/oms4 ,once ! public ?9ks1 num]\s *anges w be tri$ & ! results w %[ :e!r ! *anges %all be foll[$ up or discont9u$4 ,! eug5ic po9t ( view t we h "h tak5 is becom+ r widespread1 al?\gh x is (t5 n recogniz$ z eug5ic4 ,?9k]s 9 all subjects t conc]n social progress are beg9n+ to realize t ! te/ ( :e!r or n a measure is good is its effect4 ,! pragmatic s*ool ( philosophy1 :i* has be5 9 vogue 9 rec5t ye>s1 has r$uc$ ?is attitude to a sy/em4 ,x is an attitude to be welcom$ :]ev] x is f\nd1 = x only ne$s ! addition ( a k ( biology1 to become eug5ic4 ,,taxation ,to be j1 any =m ( taxation %\ld repress productive indu/ry z little z possible1 & %\ld be ( a k9d t c n easily be %ift$4 ,9 addition to ^! qualifications1 x %\ld1 if possible1 contribute directly to ! eug5ic /r5g? ( ! nation by favor+1 or at lea/ by n p5aliz+1 useful families4 ,a heavy tax on l& values 79 extreme1 ! s+le-tax7 & a heavy tax on ba*elors h sometimes be5 propos$ z likely to be eug5ic 9 effect4 ,b !y are op5 to criticism4 ,! tax on l& values appe>s too likely to be indiscrim9ate 9 work+3 x w\ld appe> to favor inf]ior families z mu* z sup]ior ones4 ,! tax on ba*elors is propos$ z a means ( gett+ ba*elors to m>ry2 b is ?is always desirable8 ,x dep5ds on ! quality ( ! ba*elors4 ,ev5 at pres5t x is our belief t1 on ! :ole1 ! m>ri$ m5 ( ! population are sup]ior to ! unm>ri$ m54 ,if ! action ( sexual selection is improv$ /ill fur!r by ! eug5ics campaign1 ?is diff]5ce 9 quality w be increas$4 ,x w !n be r an advantage t ! ba*elors %\ld rema9 s+le1 & a tax :i* w\ld =ce !m into m>riage = reasons ( economy1 is n likely to result 9 any eug5ic ga94 ,b a mod]ate indirect tax by an exemption = a wife & ea* *ild aft] a g5]al exemption ( #b1jjj w\ld be desirable4 ,! inh]itance tax seems less op5 to criticism4 ,v l>ge inh]itances %\ld be tax$ to a mu* great] degree ?an is at pres5t attempt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! tax %\ld be plac$1 n on ! total am\nt ( ! inh]itance1 b on ! am\nt receiv$ by ea* individual b5efici>y4 ,?is t5ds to prev5t ! unfair gu>antee ( ri*es to individuals reg>dless ( _! own wor? & ef=ts4 ,b to sugge/1 on ! o!r h&1 z has (t5 be5 done1 t inh]itances %\ld be confiscat$ by ! gov]nm5t altoge!r1 %[s a lack ( appreciation ( ! value ( a reasonable "r to bequea? 9 enc\rag+ l>g] families among ^? hav+ a high /&>d ( liv+4 ,x is n desirable to p5alize ! k9d ( /ra9s :i* possess direct+ tal5t & con/ructive effici5cy2 & !y c]ta9ly w\ld be p5aliz$ if a man felt t no matt] h[ mu* he might increase 8 =tune1 he c\ld n leave any ( x to ^? :o cont9u$ 8 /ock4 ,! sum exempt$ %\ld n be l>ge en\gh to tempt ! b5efici>y to give up "w & settle d[n into a life ( complac5t idl5ess1 b en\gh to be ( decid$ assi/ance to him 9 br++ up a family3 #ej1jjj might be a good maximum4 ,above ?is1 ! rate %\ld advance rapidly1 & %\ld be progressive1 n proportional4 ,a #ej tax on inh]itances above #bej1jjj seems to u desirable1 s9ce l>ge inh]itances t5d to int]f]e ) ! correlation ( weal? & social wor?1 :i* is s necess>y f a eug5ic po9t ( view z well z f t ( social ju/ice4 ,! ,f$]al e/ate law1 pass$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aiaf1 is a /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,x places ! exemption at #ej1jjj net4 ,! rate1 h[ev]1 is n rapid en\gh 9 its rise3 e4g41 e/ates exce$+ #bej1jjj b less ?an #dej1jjj are tax$ only #d1 :ile ! maximum1 = e/ates above #e1jjj1jjj1 is only #aj4 ,?is1 moreov]1 is on ! total e/ate1 :ile we favor ! plan t taxes n ! total am\nt bequea!d b ! am\nt inh]it$ by ea* individual4 ,) ! ev] increas+ ne$ ( rev5ue1 x is c]ta9 t ,congress w make a radical increase 9 progressive inh]itance tax on l>ge =tunes1 :i* %\ld be reta9$ aft] ! w>4 ,wiscons9 & ,cali=nia h introduc$ an int]e/+ innovation by provid+ a fur!r grad$ tax on inh]itances 9 accordance ) ! degree ( consangu9ity betwe5 ! te/ator & ! b5efici>y4 ,?us a small beque/ to a son or daught] might be tax$ only #a2 a l>ge beque/ to a tra9$ nurse or a spirituali/ic m$ium might be tax$ #ae4 ,?is is frank recognition ( ! fact t inh]itance is to be p>ticul>ly ju/ifi$ z x t5ds to end[ a sup]ior family4 ,eug5ically x may be p]missible to make mod]ate beque/s to bro!rs1 nephews & nieces1 z well z "o's own *ildr52 & to end[ philan?ropies2 b ! ,/ate might well take a l>ge "p ( any inh]itance :i* w\ld o!rwise g to remote heirs1 or to p]sons n relat$ to ! te/ator4 ,at pres5t !re is1 on ! :ole1 a negative correlation betwe5 size ( family & income4 ,! big families are1 9 g5]al 9 ! "p ( ! population :i* has ! smalle/ income1 & x is well e/abli%$ t ! numb] ( *ildr5 t5ds to decrease z ! income increases & z a family rises 9 ! social scale--a fact to :i* we h devot$ "s att5tion 9 e>li] *apt]s4 ,if ?is condition 7 to be p]man5t1 x w\ld be some:at difficult to sugge/ a eug5ic =m ( income tax4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 t x is n likely to be p]man5t 9 its pres5t ext5t4 ,! spread ( bir? control seems likely to r$uce ! negative correlation & ! spread ( eug5ic ideas may possibly conv]t x into a slight positive correlation1 s t ! numb] ( *ildr5 may be m ne>ly proportional to ! means ( ! family4 ,p]haps x is ,utopian to expect a positive correlation 9 ! ne> future1 yet a decrease 9 ! numb] ( *ildr5 born to ! class ( casual labor]s & unskill$ work]s is pretty c]ta9 to take place z rapidly z ! k ( me?ods ( bir? control is ext5d$2 & at pres5t x does n seem t ?is ext5sion c be /opp$ by any ( ! ag5cies t are oppos+ x4 ,if ! size ( a family becomes m ne>ly proportional to ! income1 in/ead ( be+ inv]sely proportional to x z at pres5t1 & if income is ev5 r\ghly a measure ( ! value ( a family to ! community--an assumption t c h>dly be d5i$ altoge!r1 h[ev] mu* "o may qualify x 9 individual cases1--!n ! problem ( tax+ family incomes w be easi]4 ,! effect ( income diff]5ces w be1 on ! :ole1 eug5ic4 ,x w\ld !n seem desirable to exempt f taxation all incomes ( m>ri$ p bel[ a c]ta9 critical sum1 ?is am\nt be+ ! po9t at :i* *ange 9 income may be suppos$ to n affect size ( family4 ,?is means exemption ( all incomes "u #b1jjj1 an additional #b1jjj = a wife & an additional #b1jjj = ea* *ild1 & a /eeply-grad$ advance above t am\nt1 z v l>ge incomes act to r$uce ! size ( family by introduc+ a multiplicity ( compet+ c>es & int]e/s4 ,!re is also a eug5ic advantage 9 heavy taxes on h>mful commodities & unapprovable luxuries4 ,,! ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,f>m ,,movem5t ,"o ( ! /rik+ accompanim5ts ( ! developm5t ( ,am]ican civilization1 z ( all o!r civilizations1 is ! gr[? ( ! cities4 ,if 7foll[+ ! practice ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,c5sus7 all places ) #b1ejj or m population be class$ z urban1 x appe>s t #cf4a ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 urban 9 #ahij1 t ! p]c5tage _h ris5 to #dj4e 9 #aijj1 & t by #aiaj n less ?an #df4c ( ! total population 0 urban4 ,!re are f\r compon5ts ( ?is gr[? ( urban population3 7#a7 excess ( bir?s ov] dea?s1 7#b7 immigration f rural di/ricts1 7#c7 immigration f o!r c\ntries1 & 7#d7 ! ext5sion ( area by incorporation ( suburbs4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t ! gr[? ( ! cities is :olly at ! exp5se ( ! c\ntry2 ,j4 ,m4 ,gillette calculates#agc t #bi4h ( ! actual urban ga9 ( #aa1hbf1jjj betwe5 #aijj & #aiaj 0 due to migration f ! c\ntry1 ! rema9+ #gj4b be+ acc\nt$ = by ! o!r ?ree causes enum]at$4 ,?us x appe>s t ! movem5t f c\ntry to city is ( consid]able proportions1 ev5 ?\gh x be mu* less ?an has sometimes be5 alleg$4 ,?is movem5t has eug5ic importance because x is g5]ally believ$1 al?\gh m /ati/ical evid5ce is ne$$1 t families t5d to run out 9 a few g5]ations "u city conditions2 & x is g5]ally agre$ t among ^? :o leave ! rural di/ricts to g to ! cities1 !re are f\nd _m ( ! be/ repres5tatives ( ! c\ntry families4 ,if sup]ior p are go+ to ! l>ge cities1 & if ?is removal leads to a small] reproductive contribution ?an !y w\ld o!rwise h made1 !n ! gr[? ( great cities is an important dysg5ic factor4 ,?is is ! view tak5 by ,o4 ,f4 ,cook1#agd :5 he writes3 ,/ati/ically speak+ cities are c5t]s ( population1 b biologically or eug5ically speak+ !y are c5t]s ( depopulation4 ,!y are l s9k-holes or siguanas1 z ! ,indians ( ,guatemala call ! places :]e ! /reams ( _! c\ntry drop into subt]ranean *annels & disappe>4 ,x nev] happ5s t cities develop l>ge populations t g out & occupy ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,! movem5t ( population is always t[>d ! city4 ,! curr5ts ( humanity pass into ! urban siguanas & are gone4 ,if ! "t has really come = ! consid]ation ( practical eug5ic measures1 "h is a place to beg91 a subject wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful /udy--h[ to re>range our social & economic sy/em s t m ( ! sup]ior memb]s ( our race w /ay on ! l& & raise families1 in/ead ( mov+ to ! city & rema9+ unm>ri$ or *ildless1 or all[+ _! *ildr5 to gr[ up 9 unfavorable urban environm5ts t mean det]ioration & ext9ction4 ,! cities repres5t an elim9at+ ag5cy ( enorm\s effici5cy1 a pres5t condition t /]ilizes & ext]m9ates individuals & l9es ( desc5t rapidly en\gh = all b ! mo/ sangu9>y re=m]4 ,all t is ne$$ = a practical solution ( ! eug5ic problem is to rev]se ! pres5t t5d5cy = ! bett] families to be drawn into ! city & facilitate ! draft+ ( o!rs = urban duty4444 ,! mo/ practical eug5i/s ( our age are ! m5 :o are solv+ ! problems ( liv+ 9 ! c\ntry & ?us keep+ m & bett] p "u rural conditions :]e _! families w survive4 ,to recognize ! relation ( eug5ics to agriculture1 ,mr4 ,cook concludes1 does n solve ! problems ( our race1 b x indicates ! basis on :i* ! problems ne$ to be solv$1 & ! dang] ( wa/+ too mu* "t & ef=t 9 attempt+ to salvage ! d]elict populations ( ! cities4 ,h[ev] important ! problems ( urban society may be1 !y d n h fundam5tal significance f ! /&po9t ( eug5ics1 because urban populations are ess5tially transi5t4 ,! city p]=ms ! function ( elim9ation1 :ile agriculture repres5ts ! con/ructive eug5ic condition :i* mu/ be ma9ta9$ & improv$ if ! developm5t ( ! race is to cont9ue4 ,on ! o!r h&1 city life does select ^? :o are adapt$ to x4 ,x is said to favor ! ,m$it]ranean race 9 competition ) ! ,nordic1 s t mix$ city populations t5d to become m brunette1 ! ,nordic /ra9s dy+ out4 ,h[ well ?is claim has be5 e/abli%$ /ati/ically is op5 to "q2 b !re c be no d\bt t ! ,jewi% race is an example ( urban selection4 ,x has )/ood c5turies ( city life1 usually "u ! mo/ sev]e conditions1 9 ghettoes1 & has surviv$ & ma9ta9$ a high av]age ( m5tality4 ,until rec5tly x has be5 impossible1 because ( ! defective regi/ration ( vital /ati/ics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to get figures :i* %[ ! ext5t ( ! problem ( urban /]ilization4 ,b ,dr4 ,gillette has obta9$ evid5ce along sev]al indirect l9es1 & is conv9c$ t 8 figures are n f> f ! tru?4#age ,!y %[ ! diff]5ce to be v l>ge & its eug5ic significance ( correspond+ importance4 ,:5 x is not$1 ,dr4 ,gillette says1 t ! rural rate is almo/ twice ! urban rate = ! nation z a :ole1 t 9 only "o division does ! latt] exce$ ! =m]1 & t 9 "s divisions ! rural rate is ?ree times ! urban rate1 x c sc>cely be d\bt$ t ! factor ( urbanization is ! mo/ important cause ( l[]$ increase rates4 ,urban bir?-rates are l[] ?an rural bir?-rates1 & its dea?-rates are high] ?an ^? ( ! latt]4 ,consid]+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 n9e geographical divisions1 ,dr4 ,gillette secur$ ! foll[+ results3 ,,rate ,,( ,,net ,,annual ,,increase ,division ,rural ,urban ,av]age ,new ,engl& #e4j #g4c #f4h ,middle ,atlantic #aj4g #i4f #aj4d ,ea/ ,nor? ,c5tral #ab4d #aj4h #aa4f ,we/ ,nor? ,c5tral #ah4a #aj4a #ae4h ,s\? ,atlantic #ah4i #f4jj #af4j ,ea/ ,s\? ,c5tral #ai4g #g4d #ag4h ,we/ ,s\? ,c5tral #bc4i #aj4b #ba4f ,m\nta9 #ba4a #aj4e #ag4f ,pacific #ab4f #f4f #i4h ---- ---- ----- ,av]age #af4i #h4h #ac4fe ,ev5 ?\gh full] returns might %[ ^! calculations to be inaccurate1 ,dr4 ,gillette po9ts out1 !y are all compil$ on ! same basis1 & !re=e c be fairly comp>$1 s9ce any un=ese5 cause ( increase or decrease w\ld affect all alike4 ,x is difficult to comp>e ! v>i\s divisions directly1 because ! racial composition ( ! population ( ea* "o is diff]5t4 ,b ! diff]5ce 9 rates is m>k$4 ,! ,we/ ,s\? ,c5tral /ates w\ld almo/ d\ble _! population 9 f\r decades1 by natural increase alone1 :ile ,new ,engl& w\ld require #bjj ye>s to d s4 ,dr4 ,gillette tri$1 by elaborate computations1 to elim9ate ! effect ( immigration & emigration 9 ea* division1 9 ord] to f9d out ! /&+ ( ! old ,am]ican /ock4 ,8 conclusions confirm ! beliefs ( ! mo/ pessimi/ic4 ,only ?ree divisions1 all ,we/]n1 add to _! population by means ( an actual excess ( income ov] outgo ( native-born ,am]icans1 he reports4 ,ev5 %\ld ?is view turn out to be exagg]at$1 x is c]ta9 t ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is at pres5t increas+ l>gely because ( immigration & ! high fecundity ( immigrant wom51 & t z f> z its own old] /ock is conc]n$1 x has ceas$ to increase4 ,to /ate t ?is is due l>gely to ! fact t c\ntry p are mov+ to ! city is by no means to solve ! problem1 9 t]ms ( eug5ics4 ,x m]ely %[s ! exact nature ( ! problem to be solv$4 ,?is c\ld be attack$ at two po9ts4 #a4 ,attempts might be made to keep ! rural population on ! f>ms1 & to enc\rage a movem5t f ! cities back to ! c\ntry4 ,measures to make rural life m attractive & remun]ative & ?us to keep ! m en]getic & capable "y p on ! f>m1 h great eug5ic importance1 f ?is po9t ( view4 #b4 ,! gr[? ( cities might be accept$ z a necess>y evil1 an unavoidable feature ( indu/rial civilization1 & direct attempts might be made1 ?r\gh eug5ic propag&a1 to secure a high] bir?-rate among ! sup]ior p>ts ( ! city population4 ,! second me?od seems 9 _m ways ! m practicable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fir/ me?od is 9 _m ways m ideal1 p>ticul>ly because x w\ld n only cause m *ildr5 to be born1 b furni% ^! *ildr5 ) a suitable environm5t aft] !y 7 born1 :i* ! city c n d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! city (f]s ! bett] environm5t = ! especially gift$ :o require a specializ$ tra9+ & lat] ! field = its use 9 mo/ cases4 ,9 practice1 ! problem w und\bt$ly h to be attack$ by eug5i/s on bo? sides4 ,dr4 ,gillette's /ati/ics1 %[+ ! appall+ ne$1 %\ld prove a /imulus to eug5ic ef=t4 ,,democracy ,by democracy we und]/& a gov]nm5t :i* is responsive to ! w ( a majority ( ! entire population1 z oppos$ to an olig>*y :]e ! sole p[] is 9 ! h&s ( a small m9ority ( ! entire population1 :o are able to impose _! w on ! re/ ( ! nation4 ,9 discuss+ immigration1 we h po9t$ out t x is ( great importance t ! road = promotion ( m]it %\ld always be op51 & t ! road = demotion ( incompet5ce %\ld likewise be op54 ,^! conditions are probably favor$ m by a democracy ?an by any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t1 & to t ext5t democracy is di/9ctly advantage\s to eug5ics4 ,yet ?is eug5ic effect is n )\t a dysg5ic aft]-effect4 ,! v fact t recognition is atta9able by all1 means t democracy leads to social ambition2 & social ambition leads to small] families4 ,?is influ5ce is manife/$ ma9ly 9 ! wom51 ^: desire to climb ! social ladd] is increas$ by ! ease ( asc5t :i* is due to lack ( rigid social b>ri]s4 ,b :ile asc5t is possible = almo/ anyone1 x is naturally favor$ by fre$om f h&icaps1 su* z a l>ge family ( *ildr54 ,9 ! successful bus9ess & pr(essional classes1 !re=e1 !re is an inducem5t to ! wife to limit ! numb] ( h] (fspr+1 9 ord] t %e may h m "t to devote to social duties4 ,9 a c\ntry l ,g]many1 ) m or less /ratifi$ social classes1 ?is factor 9 ! diff]5tial bir?-rate is probably less op]ative4 ,! solution 9 ,am]ica is n to create an imp]meable social /ratification1 b to create a public s5tim5t :i* w honor wom5 m = mo!rhood ?an = em95ce 9 ! l>gely futile activities ( polite society4 ,9 q ano!r way1 too great democratization ( a c\ntry is dang]\s4 ,! t5d5cy is to ask1 9 reg>d to any measure1 ,:at d ! p want8 :ile ! "q %\ld be ,:at ought ! p to want8 ,! vox populi may & (t5 does want some?+ t is 9 ! long run q detrim5tal to ! welf>e ( ! /ate4 ,! ultimate te/ ( a /ate is :e!r x is /rong en\gh to survive1 & a measure t all ! p1 or a vot+ majority ( !m 7:i* is ! significant ?+ 9 a democracy71 want1 may be su* z to h&icap ! /ate sev]ely4 ,9 g5]al1 exp]ts are bett] able to decide :at measures w be desirable 9 ! long run1 ?an are vot]s ( ! g5]al population1 mo/ ( :om "k little ab\t ! real m]its ( _m ( ! mo/ important projects4 ,yet democracies h a t5d5cy to scorn ! advice ( exp]ts1 mo/ ( ! vot]s feel+ t !y are z good z any "o else1 & t _! op9ion is entitl$ to z mu* weight z t ( ! exp]t4 ,?is attitude naturally makes x difficult to secure ! passage ( measures :i* are eug5ic or o!rwise b5eficial 9 "*1 s9ce !y (t5 run c\nt] to popul> prejudices4 ,! initiative by small petitions1 & ! ref]5dum z a frequ5t resort1 are dang]\s4 ,!y are ( great value if s qualifi$ z to be us$ only 9 real em]g5cies1 z :]e a clique has got control ( ! gov]nm5t & is runn+ x = its self-int]e/1 b z a regul>ly & frequ5tly function+ in/itution !y are unlikely to result 9 wise /atesman%ip4 ,! wise democracy is t :i* recognizes t (ficials may be effectively *os5 by vote1 only = legislative (fices2 & :i* recognizes t = executive (fices ! *oice mu/ be def9itely selective1 t is1 a *oice ( ^? :o by m]it are be/ fitt$ to fill ! positions4 ,appo9tm5t 9 executive (fic]s is n (f5sive :51 z ! "n indicates1 x is truly ! be/ :o gov]n4 ,all me?ods ( *oice by prop]ly judg$ competition or exam9ation ) a free *ance to all1 are1 9 pr9ciple1 selective yet democratic 9 ! be/ s5se1 t ( equality ( opportunity4 ,:5 ! gov]n+ few are n ! be/ fitt$ = ! "w1 a s-call$ ari/ocracy is ( c\rse n an ari/ocracy 7gov]nm5t by ! be/7 at all1 b m]ely an olig>*y4 ,:5 (fic]s *os5 by vote are n well fitt$ !n su* a gov]nm5t is n = ! p4 ,good gov]nm5t is !n an ari/o-democracy4 ,9 x ! f9al control re/s 9 a democratically *os5 legislature work+ ) a legislative commission ( exp]ts1 b all executive & judicial functions are p]=m$ by ^? be/ qualifi$ on ! basis ( executive or judicial ability1 n vote-gett+ or spee*-mak+ ability4 ,all1 h[ev]1 are eligible = su* positions provid$ !y c %[ g5u9e qualifications4 ,,socialism ,x is difficult to def9e socialism 9 t]ms t w make a discussion practicable4 ,! sociali/ movem5t is "o ?+1 ! sociali/ political program is ano!r4 ,b ?\gh ! idea ( socialism has z _m diff]5t =ms z an amoeba1 !re is always a nucleus t rema9s con/ant1--! desire = :at is conceiv$ to be a m equitable di/ribution ( weal?4 ,! labor] %\ld get ! value :i* 8 labor produces1 x is held1 subject only to subtraction ( su* a "p z is necess>y to meet ! co/s ( ma9t5ance2 & 9 ord] t z little z possible ne$ be subtract$ = t purpose1 ! sociali/s agree 9 dem&+ a consid]able ext5sion ( ! functions ( gov]nm5t3 collective own]%ip ( railways1 m9es1 ! tools ( production4 ,! ideal sociali/ic /ate w\ld be s organiz$1 along ^! l9es1 t ! produc] w\ld get z mu* z possible ( :at he produces1 ! non-produc] no?+4 ,?is pr9ciple ( socialism is inv>iably accompani$ by num]\s associat$ pr9ciples1 & x is on ^! associat$ pr9ciples1 n on ! fundam5tal pr9ciple1 t eug5i/s & sociali/s come into conflict4 ,equalit>ianism1 9 p>ticul>1 is s great a "p ( curr5t sociali/ ?\ght t x is d\btful :e!r ! sociali/ movem5t z su* c exi/ )\t x4 ,& ?is equalit>ianism is usually int]pret$ n only to dem& equality ( opportunity1 b is bas$ on a belief 9 sub/antial equality ( native ability1 :]e opportunity is equal4 ,any "o :o has read ! prec$+ *apt]s w h no d\bt t su* a belief is incompatible ) an und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( biology4 ,h[1 !n1 has x come to be su* an integral "p ( socialism8 ,app>5tly x is because ! sociali/ movem5t is1 on ! :ole1 made up ( ^? :o are economically unsatisfi$ & discont5t$4 ,"s ( ! intellectual lead]s ( ! movem5t are f> f inf]ior1 b !y too (t5 f9d x necess>y to %>e ! views ( _! foll[+1 9 ord] to reta9 ?is foll[+4 ,a gr\p :i* feels itself inf]ior w naturally fall into an attitude ( equalit>ianism1 :]eas a gr\p :i* felt itself sup]ior to ! re/ ( society w\ld n be likely to4 ,be=e criticis+ ! sociali/ic attitude 9 detail1 we w consid] "s ( ! criticisms :i* "s sociali/s make ( eug5ics4 #a4 ,x is *>g$ t eug5ics infr+es on ! fre$om ( ! individual4 ,?is *>ge 7really t ( ! individuali/s m ?an ( sociali/s /rictly speak+7 is bas$ ma9ly on a misconception ( :at eug5ics attempts to d4 ,co]cive measures h little place 9 mod]n eug5ics1 despite ! gibes ( ! comic press4 ,we propose little or no int]f]5ce ) ! fre$om ( ! normal individual to foll[ 8 own incl9ations 9 reg>d to m>riage or p>5?ood2 we reg>d indirect measures & ! education ( public op9ion z ! ma9 practicable me?ods ( proc$ure4 ,su* co]cive measures z we indorse are limit$ to grossly defective individuals1 to :om ! doctr9e ( p]sonal lib]ty c n be appli$ )\t /ultify+ x4 ,x is inde$ un=tunate t !re are a few s9c]e advocates ( eug5ics :o adh]$ to ! idea ( a :olesale surgical campaign4 ,a few re=m]s h told ! public = sev]al ye>s ( ! desirability ( /]iliz+ ! suppos$ #aj1jjj1jjj defectives at ! bottom ( ! ,am]ican population4 ,lately "o campaign] has rais$ ?is figure to #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,su* fanta/ic proposals are prop]ly res5t$ by sociali/s & ne>ly e "o else1 b !y are inv>iably associat$ 9 ! public m9d ) ! conception ( eug5ics1 9 spite ( ! fact t #ii out ( #ajj eug5i/s w\ld repudiate !m4 ,! au?ors c speak only = !mselves1 9 decl>+ t eug5ics w n be promot$ by co]cive means except 9 a limit$ class ( pa?ological cases2 b !y are confid5t t o!r g5etici/s1 ) a v few exceptions1 hold ! same attitude4 ,!re is no dang] t ?is surgical campaign w ev] atta9 =midable proportions1 & ! sociali/1 we believe1 may re/ assur$ t ! progress ( eug5ics is n likely to infr+e unw>rantably on ! pr9ciple ( individual fre$om1 ei!r by /]ilization or by co]cive mat+4 #b4 ,eug5i/s are fur!r *>g$ ) ignor+ or pay+ too little att5tion to ! influ5ce ( ! environm5t 9 social re=m4 ,?is *>ge is sometimes well f\nd$1 b x is n an inh]5t defect 9 ! eug5ics program4 ,! eug5i/ only asks t bo? factors be tak5 into acc\nt1 :]eas 9 ! pa/ ! factor ( h]$ity has be5 too (t5 ignor$4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is book we make an ef=t to balance ! two sides4 #c4 ,aga91 x is alleg$ t eug5ics proposes to sub/itute an ari/ocracy = a democracy4 ,we d ?9k t ^? :o h sup]ior ability %\ld be giv5 ! greate/ responsibilities 9 gov]nm5t4 ,if ari/ocracy means a gov]nm5t by ! p :o are be/ qualifi$ to gov]n1 !n eug5ics has mo/ to hope f an ari/o-democratic sy/em4 ,b admission to (fice %\ld always be op5 to anyone :o %[s ! be/ ability2 & ! se>* = su* ability mu/ be mu* m ?or\gh 9 ! future ?an x has be5 9 ! pa/4 #d4 ,eug5i/s are *>g$ ) h9d]+ social progress by endeavor+ to keep woman 9 ! subord9ate position ( a dome/ic animal1 by oppos+ ! movem5t = h] emancipation1 by limit+ h] activity to *ild-be>+ & refus+ to recognize t %e is 9 e way fitt$ to take an equal "p ) man 9 ! _w's "w4 ,?is objection we h answ]$ else:]e1 p>ticul>ly 9 our discussion ( fem9ism4 ,we recognize ! g5]al equality ( ! two sexes1 b dem& a diff]5tiation ( function :i* w correspond to biological sex-specialization4 ,we c n yield 9 our belief t woman's greate/ function is mo!rhood1 b recognition ( ?is %\ld increase1 n dim9i%1 ! /r5g? ( h] position 9 ! /ate4 #e4 ,eug5i/s are *>g$ ) ignor+ ! fact ( economic det]m9ism1 ! fact t a man's acts are gov]n$ by economic conditions4 ,to debate ?is "q w\ld be t$i\s & unpr(itable4 ,:ile we conc$e ! important rle ( economic det]m9ism1 we c n help feel+ t its importance 9 ! eyes ( sociali/s is some:at factiti\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is obvi\s t !re are diff]5ces 9 ! a*ievem5ts ( fell[ m54 ,^! sociali/s1 hav+ refus$ to accept ! great weight ( g]m9al diff]5ces 9 acc\nt+ = ! ma9 diff]5ces 9 a*ievem5t1 h no alt]native b to fall back on ! !ory ( economic det]m9ism4 ,fur!r1 socialism is ess5tially a re=m movem5t2 & if "o expects to get aid = su* a movem5t1 x is ess5tial t "o repres5t ! consequ5ces z highly important4 ,! doctr9e ( economic det]m9ism ( c\rse furni%es gr\nd = gl[+ acc\nts ( ! *anges t c\ld be made by economic re=m1 & !re=e fits 9 well ) ! ne$s ( ! sociali/ propag&i/s4 ,:5 ! failure ( _m nations to make any use ( _! great res\rces 9 coal & wat] p[] is rememb]$2 :5 ! fact is recall$ t _m ( ! able/ sociali/ lead]s h be5 ! sons ( well-to-d intellectuals :o 7 nev] p9*$ by pov]ty2 x mu/ be believ$ t ! importance ( economic det]m9ism 9 ! sociali/ m9d is caus$ m by its value = 8 propag&a purposes ?an a weigh+ ( ! evid5ce4 ,su* are1 we believe1 ! *ief gr\nds on :i* sociali/s criticise ! eug5ics movem5t4 ,all ( ^! criticisms %\ld be /imulat+1 %\ld lead eug5i/s to avoid mi/akes 9 program or proc$ure4 ,b none ( !m1 we believe1 is a s]i\s objection to any?+ :i* ! great body ( eug5i/s proposes to d4 ,:at is to be said on ! o!r side8 ,:at faults does ! eug5i/ f9d ) ! sociali/ movem5t8 ,= ! c5tral pr9ciple1 ! m equitable di/ribution ( weal?1 no discussion is necess>y4 ,mo/ /ud5ts ( eug5ics w\ld probably ass5t to its g5]al desirability1 al?\gh !re is mu* room = discussion z to :at con/itutes a really equitable division ( weal?4 ,9 s\nd sociali/ !ory1 x is to be di/ribut$ accord+ to a man's value to society2 b ! det]m9ation ( ?is value is usually made impossible1 9 sociali/ practice1 by ! intrusion ( ! metaphysical & unt5able dogma ( equalit>ianism4 ,if "o man is by nature z capable z ano!r1 & equality ( opportunity#agf c be secur$ = all1 x mu/ foll[ t "o man w be wor? j z mu* z ano!r2 h5ce ! equitable di/ribution ( weal? w\ld be an equal di/ribution ( weal?1 a proposal :i* "s sociali/s h made4 ,mo/ ( ! liv+ lead]s ( ! sociali/ movem5t c]ta9ly recognize its fallacy1 b x seems s f> to h be5 f\nd necess>y to lean v f> 9 ?is direction = ! ma9t5ance ( socialism z a movem5t ( class prote/4 ,n[ ?is idea ( ! equality ( human be+s is1 9 e respect t c be te/$1 absolutely false1 & any movem5t :i* dep5ds on x w ei!r be wreck$ or1 if successful1 w wreck ! /ate :i* x tries to op]ate4 ,x w mean ! p5alization ( real wor? & ! end[m5t ( inf]iority & incompet5ce4 ,eug5i/s c feel no sympa?y = a doctr9e :i* is s completely at v>iance ) ! facts ( human nature4 ,b if x is admitt$ t m5 diff] widely1 & always mu/ diff]1 9 ability & wor?1 !n eug5ics c be 9 accord ) ! sociali/ic desire = di/ribution ( weal? accord+ to m]it1 = ?is w make x possible to favor & help p]petuate ! valuable /ra9s 9 ! community & to disc\rage ! inf]ior /ra9s4 ,t4 ,n4 ,c>v] sums up ! argum5t#agg concisely3 ,di/ribution accord+ to wor?1 usefulness or s]vice is ! sy/em :i* w\ld mo/ facilitate ! progress ( human adaptation4 ,x w\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 /imulate ea* individual by an appeal to 8 own self-int]e/1 to make himself z useful z possible to ! community4 ,9 ! second place1 x w\ld leave him p]fectly free to labor 9 ! s]vice ( ! community = altrui/ic reasons1 if !re 0 any altruism 9 8 nature4 ,9 ! ?ird place x w\ld ex]cise a b5eficial selective influ5ce ^u ! /ock or race1 because ! useful memb]s w\ld survive & p]petuate _! k9d & ! useless & crim9al memb]s w\ld be ext]m9at$4 ,9 s f> z sociali/s rid !mselves ( _! s5tim5tal & ,utopian equalit>ianism1 ! eug5i/ w jo9 !m will+ly 9 a dem& t ! di/ribution ( weal? be made to dep5d z f> z feasible on ! value ( ! individual to society4#agh ,z to ! means by :i* ?is di/ribution c be made1 !re w ( c\rse be diff]5ces ( op9ion1 to discuss :i* w\ld be outside ! prov9ce ( ?is volume4 ,fundam5tally1 eug5ics is anti-individuali/ic & 9 s f> a sociali/ic movem5t1 s9ce x seeks a social end involv+ "s degree ( individual subord9ation1 & ?is fact w\ld be m frequ5tly recogniz$ if ! movem5t :i* claims ! "n ( sociali/ did n s (t5 all[ ! wi% to believe t a man's environm5tal *ange c\ld elim9ate natural inequalities to w>p its attitude4 ,,*ild ,,labor ,x is (t5 alleg$ t ! abolition ( *ild labor w\ld be a great eug5ic accompli%m5t2 b z is ! case ) ne>ly all su* proposals1 ! actual results are bo? complex & f>-rea*+4 ,! selective effects ( *ild labor obvi\sly op]ate directly on two g5]ations3 7#a7 ! p>5tal g5]ation & 7#b7 ! filial g5]ation1 ! *ildr5 :o are at "w4 ,! results ( ^! two =ms ( selection mu/ be consid]$ sep>ately4 #a4 ,on ! p>5tal g5]ation4 ,! *ildr5 :o labor mo/ly come f poor families1 :]e e *ild up to ! age ( economic productivity is an economic burd54 ,if ! *ildr5 g to "w at an e>ly age1 ! p>5ts c af=d to h m *ildr5 & probably w1 s9ce ! *ildr5 soon become to "s ext5t an asset r ?an a liability4 ,*ild labor ?us leads to a high] bir?-rate ( ?is class1 abolition ( *ild labor w\ld lead to a l[] bir?-rate1 s9ce ! p>5ts c\ld no long] af=d to h s _m *ildr54 ,k>l ,pe>son has f\nd reason to believe t ?is result c be /ati/ically trac$ 9 ! bir?-rate ( ,engli% work+ p1--t a consid]able decl9e 9 _! fecundity1 due to volunt>y re/riction1 began aft] ! passage ( ea* ( ! laws :i* re/rict$ *ild labor & made *ildr5 an exp5se f :i* no return c\ld be expect$4 ,if ! abolition ( *ild labor leads to ! production ( few] *ildr5 9 a c]ta9 section ( ! population ! value ( ! result to society1 9 ?is phase1 w dep5d on :e!r or n society wants t /ra9 proportionately increas$4 ,if x is an inf]ior /ock1 ?is "o effect ( ! abolition ( *ild labor w\ld be eug5ic4 ,comp>+ ! families ^: *ildr5 "w ) ^? ^: *ildr5 d n1 "o is likely to conclude t ! =m] are on ! av]age inf]ior to ! latt]4 ,if s1 *ild labor is 9 ?is "o p>ticul> aspect dysg5ic1 & its abolition1 lead+ to a l[] bir?-rate 9 ?is class ( ! population1 w be an advantage4 #b4 ,on ! filial g5]ation4 ,! obvi\s result ( ! abolition ( *ild labor w be1 z is (t5 & graphically told1 to give *ildr5 a bett] *ance ( developm5t4 ,if !y are ( sup]ior /ock1 & w be bett] p>5ts = n hav+ work$ z *ildr5 7a proviso :i* requires sub/antiation7 ! abolition ( _! labor w be ( direct eug5ic b5efit4 ,o!rwise1 its results w be at mo/ indirect2 or1 possibly1 dysg5ic1 if !y are ( undesirable /ock1 & are enabl$ to survive 9 great] numb]s & reproduce4 ,9 necess>ily pass+ ov] ! social & economic aspects ( ! "q1 we d n wi% x ?\ght t we advocate *ild labor = ! purpose ( kill+ (f an undesirable /ock prematurely4 ,we are only conc]n$ 9 po9t+ out t ! effects ( *ild labor are _m & v>i\s4 ,! effect ( its abolition )9 a s+le family fur!r dep5ds on :e!r ! *ildr5 :o g to "w are sup]ior to ^? :o /ay at home4 ,if ! /ronge/ & mo/ intellig5t *ildr5 are s5t to "w & crippl$ or kill$ prematurely1 :ile ! weakl+s & feeble-m9d$ are kept at home1 br\ght up on ! e>n+s ( ! /rong1 & enabl$ to rea* maturity & reproduce1 !n ?is aspect ( *ild labor is di/9ctly dysg5ic4 ,! desirability ( prohibit+ *ild labor is g5]ally conc$$ on eu!nic gr\nds1 & we conclude t its results w on ! :ole be eug5ic z well1 b t !y are m complex ?an is usually recogniz$4 ,,compulsory ,,education ,:e!r "o favors or rejects compulsory education w probably be det]m9$ by o!r argum5ts ?an ^? d]iv$ f eug5ics2 nev]!less !re are eug5ic aspects ( ! problem :i* des]ve to be recogniz$4 ,"o ( ! effects ( compulsory education is simil> to t :i* foll[s ! abolition ( *ild labor--namely1 t ! *ild is made a s\rce ( exp5se1 n ( rev5ue1 to ! p>5t4 ,n only is ! *ild unable to "w1 :ile at s*ool1 b to s5d him to s*ool involves 9 practice dress+ him bett] ?an w\ld be necess>y if he /ay$ at home4 ,:ile x might fit ! *ild to "w m ga9fully 9 lat] ye>s1 yet ! ye>s ( ga9 are s long po/pon$ t ! p>5t c expect to %>e 9 b little ( x4 ,^! argum5ts w\ld n affect ! well-to-d p>5t1 or ! high-m9d$ p>5t :o 0 will+ or able to make "s sacrifice 9 ord] t 8 *ildr5 might get z good a />t z possible4 ,b !y may well affect ! opposite type ( p>5t1 ) l[ effici5cy & l[ ideals4#agi ,?is type ( p>5t1 f9d+ t ! sy/em ( compulsory education made *ildr5 a liability1 n an imm$iate asset1 w\ld !reby be l$ to r$uce ! size ( 8 family1 j z he seems to h done :5 *ild labor 0 prohibit$ 9 ,engl& & *ildr5 ceas$ to be a s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,compulsory education has "h1 !n1 a eug5ic effect1 9 disc\rag+ ! reproduction ( p>5ts ) ! lea/ effici5cy & altruism4 ,if ?is belief be well f\nd$1 x is likely t any measure t5d+ to decrease ! co/ ( s*ool+ = *ildr5 w t5d to dim9i% ?is effect ( compulsory education4 ,su* measures z ! free di/ribution ( text-books1 ! provision ( free lun*es at noon1 or ! ext5sion to s*ool *ildr5 ( a r$uc$ c>-f>e1 make x easi] = ! selfi% or ineffici5t p>5t to raise *ildr52 !y co/ him less & !re=e he may t5d to h m ( !m4 ,if su* 7 ! case1 ! measures ref]r$ to1 despite ! eu!nic consid]ations1 mu/ be classifi$ z dysg5ic4 ,9 ano!r & q diff]5t way1 compulsory education is ( s]vice to eug5ics4 ,! educational sy/em %\ld be a sieve1 ?r\gh :i* all ! *ildr5 ( ! c\ntry are pass$1--or m accurately1 a s]ies ( sieves1 :i* w enable ! tea*] to det]m9e j h[ f> x is pr(itable to educate ea* *ild s t he may lead a life ( ! greate/ possible usefulness to ! /ate & happ9ess to himself4 ,obvi\sly su* a function w\ld be inadequately dis*>g$1 if ! sieve fail$ to get all ! available mat]ial2 & compulsory education makes x c]ta9 t none w be omitt$4 ,x is v desirable t no *ild escape inspection1 because ( ! importance ( discov]+ e individual ( exceptional ability or inability4 ,s9ce ! public educational sy/em has n yet ris5 to ! ne$ ( ?is sy/ematic m5tal diagnosis1 private philan?ropy %\ld = ! pres5t be al]t to get appropriate treatm5t = ! unusually promis+ individual4 ,9 ,pittsburgh1 a committee ( ! ,civic ,club is seek+ y\?s ( ?is type1 :o might be oblig$ to leave s*ool prematurely = economic reasons1 & is aid+ !m to appropriate opportunities4 ,su* discrim9at+ selection w probably become mu* m widespread & we may hope a recogniz$ function ( ! s*ools1 ow+ to ! great public demon/ration ( psy*ometry n[ be+ conduct$ at ! cantonm5ts = ! m5tal classification ( recruits4 ,compulsory education is necess>y = ?is selection4 ,we conclude t compulsory education1 z su*1 is n only ( s]vice to eug5ics ?r\gh ! selection x makes possible1 b may s]ve 9 a m unsuspect$ way by cutt+ d[n ! bir?-rate ( inf]ior families4 ,,vocational ,,guidance ,,& ,,tra9+ ,9 argum5ts = vocational guidance & education ( y\?1 "o does n (t5 he> eug5ics m5tion$2 yet ^! measures1 if effectively c>ri$ out1 seem likely to be ( real eug5ic value4 ,! ne$ = z p]fect a correlation z possible betwe5 income & eug5ic wor?1 has be5 already emphasiz$4 ,x is evid5t t if a man gets into ! wrong job1 a job = :i* he is n well fitt$1 he may make a v poor %[+ 9 life1 :ile if prop]ly tra9$ 9 some?+ suit$ to him1 8 income w\ld h be5 consid]ably great]4 ,x w be a di/9ct advantage to h sup]ior "y p get e/abli%$ e>li]1 & ?is c be done if !y are directly taught effici5cy 9 :at !y c d be/1 ! boys be+ fitt$ = ga9ful occupations1 & ! girls = wifehood & mo!rhood 9 addition4 ,z to ! details ( vocational guidance1 ! eug5i/ is p]haps n entitl$ to give mu* advice2 yet x seems likely t a m ?or\gh /udy ( ! inh]itance ( ability w\ld be ( value to ! educator4 ,x 0 po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,iv t inh]itance (t5 seems to be highly specializ$1--a fact :i* leads to ! inf]5ce t ! son might (t5 d be/ 9 8 fa!r's call+ or vocation1 especially if 8 "m comes f a family m>k$ by simil> capacities4 ,x is difficult to say h[ f> ! occupation ( ! son is1 9 mod]n conditions1 det]m9$ by h]$ity & h[ f> x is ! result ( *ance1 or ! ne$ ( tak+ ! fir/ job op51 ! lack ( any special qualifications = any p>ticul> "w1 or "s simil> environm5tal influ5ce4 ,miss ,p]r9 inve/igat$ #a1eej pairs ( fa!rs & sons 9 ! ,engli% ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography & an equal numb] 9 ! ,engli% ,:o's ,:o4 ,x seems cle>1 %e conclud$1 t :e!r we take ! pres5t or ! long p]iod ( ! pa/ embrac$ by ! ,diction>y1 ! environm5tal influ5ces :i* induce a man 9 ?is c\ntry to foll[ 8 fa!r's occupation mu/ h rema9$ v /eady4 ,%e f\nd ! coeffici5t ( cont+5cy#ahj betwe5 occupation ( fa!r & occupation ( son 9 ,:o's ,:o to be 4#ge & 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography 4#gf4 ,= ! inh]itance ( physical & m5tal *>act]s1 9 g5]al1 ! coeffici5t w\ld be ab\t 4#e4 ,%e ?9ks1 !re=e1 we may say t 9 ! *oice ( a pr(ession inh]it$ ta/e c\nts = ab\t #b_/c & environm5tal conditions = ab\t #a_/c4 ,an exam9ation ( #iij sev5? & eigh? grade boys 9 ! public s*ools ( ,/4 ,paul#aha %[$ t only #aa ( !m desir$ to ent] ! occupation ( _! fa!rs2 !re 0 a pron\nc$ t5d5cy to *oose occupations ( a m remun]ative or intellectual & less manual sort ?an t foll[$ by ! fa!r4 ,t ?is pref]5ce w\ld always det]m9e ! ultimate occupation is n to be expect$1 z a consid]able p] c5t may fail to %[ ! necess>y ability4 ,:ile inh]it$ ta/es & aptitude = "s call+ probably %\ld c>ry a good deal ( weight 9 vocational guidance1 we c n %>e ! exagg]at$ view :i* "s sociologi/s hold ab\t ! great wa/e ( ability ?r\gh ! exi/5ce ( r\nd pegs 9 squ>e holes4 ,?is attitude is (t5 express$ 9 su* words z ^? ( ,e4 ,b4 ,woods3 ,ability receives its rew>d only :5 x is pres5t$ ) ! opportunities ( a fairly favorable environm5t1 its peculi>ly indisp5sable sort ( environm5t4 ,naval comm&]s are n likely to be develop$ 9 ! ,transvaal1 nor lit]>y m5 & arti/s 9 ! s(t coal fields ( we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,= t5 m5 :o succe$ z inve/igators1 inv5tors1 or diplomati/s1 !re may be & probably are 9 "s communities fifty m :o w\ld succe$ bett] "u ! same circum/ances4 ,:ile !re is "s tru? 9 ?is view1 x exagg]ates ! evil by ignor+ ! fact t good qualities frequ5tly g toge!r 9 an individual4 ,! man ( ,transvaal :o is by =ce ( circum/ances kept f a naval c>e] is likely to di/+ui% himself z a successful coloni/1 & p]haps enri* ! _w ev5 m ?an if he _h be5 br\ght up 9 a m>itime /ate & become a naval comm&]4 ,x may be t 8 inh]it$ tal5t fitt$ him to be a bett] naval comm&] ?an any?+ else2 if s1 x probably also fitt$ him to be bett] at _m o!r ?+s1 ?an are ! majority ( m54 ,intr9sically good traits h also good correlatives1 physical1 m5tal & moral4 ,f4 ,a4 ,woods has br\ght toge!r ! be/ evid5ce ( ?is1 9 8 /udies ( ! royal families ( ,europe4 ,if ! doz5 be/ g5]als 7 select$ f ! m5 he has /udi$1 !y w\ld ( c\rse surpass ! av]age man enorm\sly 9 milit>y skill2 b1 z he po9ts out1 !y w\ld also surpass ! av]age man to a v high degree z poets1--or d\btless z cooks or lawy]s1 _h !y giv5 any "t to ^? occupations4#ahb ,! above consid]ations lead to two sugge/ions = vocational guidance3 7i7 x is desirable to asc]ta9 & make use ( ! *ild's inh]it$ capacities z f> z possible2 b 7#b7 x mu/ n be suppos$ t e *ild inh]its ! ability to d "o ?+ only1 & w wa/e 8 life if he does n happ5 to get a *ance to d t ?+4 ,x is easy to suppose t ! man :o makes a failure z a pap]hang] might1 if he _h _h ! opportunity1 h be5 a great electrical eng9e]2 x is easy to cite a few cases1 su* z t ( ,g5]al ,u4 ,s4 ,grant1 :i* seem to l5d "s color to ! !ory1 b /ati/ical evid5ce w\ld indicate x is n ! rule4 ,if a man makes a failure z a pap]hang]1 x is at lea/ possible t he w\ld h made a failure ( v _m ?+s t he might try2 & if a man makes a brilliant success z a pap]hang]1 or railway eng9e]1 or s*ool tea*]1 or *emi/1 he is a useful citiz5 :o w\ld probably h ga9$ a fair measure ( success 9 any "o ( sev]al occupations t he might h tak5 up b n 9 all4 ,to sum up3 vocational guidance & tra9+ are likely to be ( mu* s]vice to eug5ics4 ,!y may d]ive direct help f h]$ity2 & _! expon5ts may also le>n t a man :o is really good 9 "o ?+ is likely to be good 9 _m ?+s1 & t a man :o fails 9 "o ?+ w\ld n necess>ily a*ieve success if he 7 put 9 "s o!r c>e]4 ,"o ( _! greate/ s]vices w probably be to put a lot ( boys into skill$ trades1 = :i* !y are adapt$ & :]e !y w succe$1 & ?us prev5t !m f yield+ to ! desire = a m g5teel cl]ical occupation1 9 :i* !y w n d m ?an e>n a b>e liv+4 ,?is w assi/ 9 br++ ab\t ! high correlation betwe5 m]it & income :i* is s mu* to be desir$4 ,,! ,,m9imum ,,wage ,legal enactm5t ( a m9imum wage is (t5 urg$ z a measure t w\ld promote social welf>e & race bett]m5t4 ,by m9imum wage is to be und]/ood1 accord+ to its advocates1 n ! wage t w support a s+le man1 b "o t w support a man1 wife1 & ?ree or f\r *ildr54 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! sum necess>y = ?is purpose c h>dly be e/imat$ at less ?an #b4ej a day4 ,a liv+ wage is c]ta9ly desirable = e man1 b ! idea ( giv+ e man a wage suffici5t to support a family c n be consid]$ eug5ic4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x int]f]es ) ! adju/m5t ( wages to ability1 on ! necessity ( :i* we h (t5 insi/$4 ,9 ! second place1 x is n desirable t society %\ld make x possible = e man to support a wife & ?ree *ildr52 9 _m cases x is desirable t x be made impossible = him to d s4 ,eug5ically1 tea*+ me?ods ( bir? control to ! m>ri$ unskill$ labor] is a s\nd] way ( solv+ 8 problems1 ?an subsidiz+ him s he c support a l>ge family4 ,x mu/ be frankly recogniz$ t pov]ty is 9 _m ways eug5ic 9 its effect1 & t ) ! spread ( bir? control among p bel[ ! pov]ty l9e1 x is c]ta9 to be /ill m eug5ic ?an at pres5t4 ,x repres5ts an effective1 ev5 ?\gh a cruel1 me?od ( keep+ d[n ! net bir?-rate ( p :o = "o reason or ano!r are n economically effici5t2 & ! elem5t ( cruelty1 involv$ 9 high infant mortality1 w be l>gely mitigat$ by bir? control4 ,free competition may be temp]$ to ! ext5t ( furni%+ e man en\gh *>ity to fe$ him1 if he requires *>ity = t purpose2 & to fe$ 8 family1 if he already has "o2 b *>ity :i* w all[ him to increase 8 family1 if he is too ineffici5t to support x by 8 own ex]tions1 is r>ely a b5efit eug5ically4 ,! m9imum wage is admitt$ly n an attempt to pay a man :at he is wor?4 ,x is an attempt to make x possible = e man1 no matt] :at 8 economic or social value1 to support a family4 ,!re=e1 9 s f> z x w\ld enc\rage m5 ( inf]ior quality to h or increase families1 x is unque/ionably dysg5ic4 ,,mo!rs' ,,p5sions ,half ( ! /ates ( ! ,union h already adopt$ "s =m ( p5sion = wid[$ mo!rs1 & simil> measures are be+ urg$ 9 ne>ly all rema9+ /ates4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! laws goes back only to #aiaa4 ,9 g5]al1#ahc ^! laws apply to mo!rs :o are wid[s1 or 9 "s cases to ^? :o h lo/ _! means ( support ?r\gh imprisonm5t or incapacity ( ! husb&4 ,! maximum age ( ! *ild on ^: acc\nt all[ance is made v>ies f #ad to #af1 9 a few cases to #ag or #ah4 ,! am\nt all[$ = ea* *ild v>ies 9 ea* /ate1 approximately betwe5 ! limits ( #ajj & #bjj a ye>4 ,9 mo/ /ates ! law dem&s t ! "m be a fit p]son1 physically1 m5tally & morally to br+ up h] *ildr51 & t x be to _! int]e/ t !y rema9 ) h] at home in/ead ( be+ plac$ at "w or s5t to "s in/itution4 ,9 all cases consid]able latitude is all[$ ! adm9i/rator ( ! law1--a juv5ile c\rt1 or bo>d ( c\nty commission]s1 or "s body ) equival5t p[]s4 ,laws ( ?is "* h (t5 be5 describ$ z be+ eug5ic 9 effect1 b exam9ation %[s little reason = su* a *>act]ization4 ,s9ce ! law applies = ! mo/ "p to wom5 :o h lo/ _! husb&s1 x is evid5t t x is n likely to affect ! diff]5tial bir?-rate :i* is ( su* conc]n to eug5ics4 ,on ! :ole1 mo!rs' p5sions mu/ be put 9 ! class ( "w :i* may be und]tak5 on humanit>ian gr\nds1 b !y are probably slightly dysg5ic r ?an eug5ic1 s9ce !y favor ! pres]vation ( families :i* are1 on ! :ole1 ( inf]ior quality1 z %[n by ! lack ( relatives ) ability or will+ness to help !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are n likely to result 9 ! production f ^! families ( m *ildr5 ?an ^? already 9 exi/5ce4 ,,h\s+ ,at pres5t x is sometimes difficult1 9 ! m fa%ionable qu>t]s ( l>ge cities1 to f9d ap>tm5ts :]e families ) *ildr5 are admitt$4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! city1 ?is difficulty appe>s to be mu* less4 ,su* a situation t5ds to disc\rage p>5?ood1 on ! "p ( "y c\ples :o come ( good families & desire to live 9 ! "p ( ! city :]e _! fri5ds are to be f\nd4 ,x is at lea/ likely to cause po/ponem5t ( p>5?ood until !y feel f9ancially able to take a sep>ate h\se4 ,"h is an influ5ce t5d+ to l[] ! bir?-rate ( "y c\ples :o h social aspirations1 at lea/ to ! ext5t ( desir+ to live 9 ! pleasant] & m reputable "p ( _! city4 ,su* a h9drance exi/s to a mu* less ext5t1 if at all1 = ^? :o h no reason = want+ to live 9 ! fa%ionable "p ( ! city4 ,?is discrim9ation ( "s ap>tm5t own]s aga9/ families ) *ildr5 w\ld !re=e appe> to be dysg5ic 9 its effect4 ,m>ri$ p :o wi% to live 9 ! m attractive "p ( a city %\ld n be p5aliz$4 ,! rem$y is to make x illegal to discrim9ate aga9/ *ildr54 ,x is gratify+ to note t rec5tly a numb] ( ap>tm5t h\ses h be5 built 9 ,new ,york1 especially ) a view to ! requirem5ts ( *ildr54 ,! movem5t des]ves wide enc\ragem5t4 ,any ap>tm5t h\se is an unsatisfactory place 9 :i* to br+ up *ildr51 b s9ce "u mod]n urban conditions x is inevitable t _m *ildr5 mu/ be br\ght up 9 ap>tm5ts1 if !y are br\ght up at all1 ! municipality %\ld 9 its own int]e/s take /eps to ensure t conditions w be z good z possible = !m4 ,9 a few cases ( model t5em5ts1 ! favor$ poor t5ants are bett] (f ?an ! mod]ately well-to-d4 ,x is ess5tial t ! latt] be giv5 a *ance to h *ildr5 & br+ !m up 9 com=table surr\nd+s1 & ! provision ( suitable ap>tm5t h\ses w\ld be a ga9 9 e l>ge city4 ,! gr[+ use ( ! automobile1 :i* p]mits a family to live "u pleasant surr\nd+s 9 ! suburbs & yet rea* ! city daily1 alleviates ! h\s+ problem slightly4 ,increas$ facilities = rapid transit are ( ! utmo/ importance 9 plac+ ! city population 7a select$ class1 x w be rememb]$7 "u m favorable conditions = br++ up _! *ildr54 ,zone rates %\ld be design$ to effect ?is disp]sal ( population4 ,,fem9ism ,! ^w fem9ism might be suppos$ to *>act]ize a movem5t :i* s\ght to emphasize ! di/9ction betwe5 woman's nature & t ( man to provide = wom5's special ne$s4 ,x 0 s us$ 9 e>ly days on ! cont95t4 ,b at pres5t 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica x d5otes a movem5t :i* is practically ! rev]se ( ?is2 :i* seeks to m9imize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sexes4 ,x may be broadly describ$ z a movem5t :i* seeks to remove all discrim9ation bas$ on sex4 ,x is a movem5t to secure recognition ( an equality ( ! two sexes4 ,! fem9i/s v>i\sly dem& t woman be recogniz$ z ! equal ( man 7#a7 biologically1 7#b7 politically1 7#c7 economically4 #a4 ,:e!r or n woman is to be reg>d$ z biologically equal to man dep5ds on h[ "o uses ! ^w equal4 ,if x is meant t woman is z well adapt$ to h] own p>ticul> k9d ( "w z is man to 81 ! /atem5t w readily be accept$4 ,un=tunately1 fem9i/s %[ a t5d5cy to g beyond ?is & to m9imize diff]5tiation 9 _! claims ( equality4 ,an attempt is made to %[ t wom5 d n diff] mat]ially f m5 9 ! nature ( _! capacity ( m5tal or physical a*ievem5t4 ,mrs4 ,*>lotte ,p]k9s ,gilman makes ! logical application by dem&+ t little girls' hair be cut %ort & t !y be prev5t$ f play+ ) dolls 9 ord] t diff]5ces fo/]$ 9 ?is way be r$uc$4 ,9 =m+ a judgm5t on ?is proposition1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t civilization cov]s n m ?an #aj1jjj ye>s out ( man's hi/ory ( half a million or m4 ,dur+ #dij1jjj out ( ! #ejj1jjj ye>s1 man 0 ! hunt] & w>rior2 :ile woman /ay$ at home ( necessity to be> & re> ! "y1 to sk9 ! prey1 to prep>e ! food & clo?+4 ,he mu/ h a small k ( biology :o c\ld suppose t ?is long hi/ory w\ld n lead to any diff]5tiation ( ! two sexes2 & ! biologi/ kn[s t man & woman 9 "s respects diff] 9 e cell ( _! bodies3 t1 z ,jacques ,loeb says1 ,man & woman are1 physiologically1 diff]5t species4 ,b ! biologi/ also kn[s t sex is a quantitative "*4 ,x is impossible to draw a %>p l9e & say t ^? on "o side are 9 e respect m51 & ^? on ! o!r side 9 e respect wom51 z "o might draw a l9e betwe5 goats & %eep4 ,_m wom5 h a consid]able am\nt ( mal5ess2 num]\s m5 h di/9ct fem99e *>act]i/ics1 physical & m5tal4 ,!re is ?us an ill-def9$ int]m$iate sex1 z ,edw>d ,c>p5t] call$ x1 ^: size has be5 kept d[n by sexual selection2 or bett] /at$ !re is s mu* ov]lapp+ t x is a "q ( diff]5t av]ages ) _m individuals ( ea* sex beyond ! av]age ( ! o!r sex4 ,a p]usal ( ,havelock ,ellis' book1 ,man & ,woman1 w leave little d\bt ab\t ! fact ( sex diff]5tiation1 j z x w leave little d\bt t "o sex is1 9 its way1 q z good z ! o!r1 & t to talk ( "o sex z be+ inf]ior is absurd4 ,x is wor? not+ t ! spread ( fem9ism w re9=ce ! action ( sexual selection 9 keep+ d[n ! numb]s ( ?is int]m$iate sex4 ,9 ! pa/1 wom5 :o lack$ fem99ity or mat]nal in/9ct h (t5 m>ri$ because ! pressure ( public op9ion & economic conditions made x uncom=table = any woman to rema9 unm>ri$4 ,& !y h _h *ildr5 because !y c\ld n help x1 transmitt+ to _! daught]s _! own lack ( mat]nal in/9ct4 ,"u ! new rgime a l>ge proportion ( su* wom5 d n m>ry1 & accord+ly h few if any *ildr5 to inh]it _! defects4 ,h5ce ! av]age level ( mat]nal in/9ct ( ! wom5 ( ,am]ica is likely /eadily to rise4 ,we conclude t any claim ( biological equality ( ! two sexes mu/ use ! ^w 9 a figurative s5se1 n ignor+ ! diff]5tiation ( ! two sexes1 z extreme fem9i/s are incl9$ to d4 ,to ?is diff]5tiation we %all return lat]4 #b4 ,political equality includes ! dem& = ! vote & = ! removal ( v>i\s legal re/rictions1 su* z h sometimes prev5t$ a wife f dispos+ ( h] own prop]ty )\t ! cons5t ( h] husb& or su* z h made h] citiz5%ip foll[ t ( h] husb&4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^! legal re/rictions are rapidly be+ remov$1 at su* a rate t 9 "s /ates x is n[ ! husb& :o has a "r to compla9 ( c]ta9 legal discrim9ations4 ,equal suffrage is also ga9+ /eadily1 b its eug5ic aspect is n :olly cle>4 ,!oretically mu* is to be said = x1 z mak+ use ( woman's l>ge social sympa?ies & responsibilities & int]e/ 9 ! family2 b 9 ! /ates :]e x has be5 tri$1 its effects h n be5 all t 0 hop$4 ,b5eficial results are to be expect$ unless an objectionably extreme fem9ism f9ds support4 ,9 g5]al1 ! dem& = political equality1 9 a broad s5se1 seems to ! eug5i/ to be ! mo/ praisewor?y "p ( ! fem9i/ program4 ,! abolition ( ^? laws1 :i* n[ dis*>ge wom5 f positions if !y m>ry or h *ildr51 promises to be 9 pr9ciple a p>ticul>ly valuable ga94 #c4 ,economic equality is (t5 summ$ up 9 ! cat* phrase equal pay = equal "w4 ,if ! phrase ref]s to jobs :]e wom5 are compet+ on piecework ) m51 no "o w object to x4 ,9 practice x applies p>ticul>ly to two di/9ct b int]lock+ dem&s3 7a7 t wom5 %\ld receive ! same pay z m5 = any giv5 occupation--z1 /5ography1 = example2 & 7b7 t *ild-be>+ %\ld be recogniz$ z j z mu* wor?y ( remun]ation z any occupation :i* m5 ent]1 & %\ld be paid = 7by ! /ate7 on ! same basis4 ,at pres5t1 !re is almo/ univ]sally a discrim9ation aga9/ wom5 9 comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,!y sometimes get no m ?an half z mu* pay z m5 = simil> grades ( employm5t4 ,b !re is = ?is "o good reason4 ,an employ] ne$s exp]i5c$ help1 & he expects a man to rema9 ) him & become m valuable4 ,he is1 !re=e1 will+ to pay m because ( ?is anticipation4 ,9 hir+ a woman1 he kn[s t %e w probably soon leave to m>ry4 ,b :atev] may be ! orig9 ( ?is discrim9ation1 x is ju/ifi$ 9 ! la/ analysis by ! fact t a man is paid z ! head ( a family1 a woman only z an individual :o ord9>ily has few] or no dep5d5ts to support4 ,inde$1 x is l>gely ?is feature :i*1 "u ! law ( supply & dem&1 has caus$ wom5 to "w = l[ wages4 ,x is evid5t t real economic equality betwe5 m5 & wom5 mu/ be impossible1 if ! wom5 are to leave _! "w = long p]iods ( "t1 9 ord] to be> & re> *ildr54 ,x is normally impossible = a woman to e>n h] liv+ by competitive labor1 at ! same "t t %e is be>+ & re>+ *ildr54 ,ei!r ! doctr9e ( economic equality is l>gely illusory1 !re=e1 or else x mu/ be ext5d$ to mak+ mo!rhood a sal>i$ occupation j z mu* z mill "w or /5ography4 ,! fem9i/s h almo/ univ]sally adopt$ ! latt] alt]native4 ,!y say t ! woman :o is capable ( e>n+ money1 & :o ab&ons wage-e>n+ = mo!rhood1 ought to receive f ! /ate z ne>ly z possible :at %e w\ld h receiv$ if %e _h n _h *ildr52 or else !y decl>e t ! exp5se ( *ildr5 %\ld be borne :olly by ! community4 ,?is proposal mu/ be te/$ by ask+ :e!r x w\ld t5d to /r5g!n & p]petuate ! race or n4 ,x is1 9 effect1 a proposal to h ! /ate pay s mu* a head = babies4 ,! fundam5tal "q is :e!r or n ! quality ( ! babies w\ld be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,d\btless ! babies ( obvi\sly feeble-m9d$ wom5 w\ld be exclud$1 b w\ld x be possible = ! /ate to pay lib]ally = babies :o w\ld gr[ up to be productive citiz5s1 & to refuse to pay = babies t w\ld d\btless gr[ up to be incompet5ts1 dolts1 dull>ds1 lagg>ds or wa/]s8 ,! s*eme w\ld "w1 eug5ically1 9 proportion z x is discrim9atory & grad$4 ,b ! example ( legislation 9 ,france & ,engl&1 & ! ma9 tr5d ( popul> ?\ght 9 ,am]ica1 make x q c]ta9 t at pres5t1 & = _m ye>s to come1 x w be impossible to h babies valu$ on ! basis ( quality r ?an m]e numb]s4 ,x is sometimes possible to get indirect measures ( a eug5ic nature pass$1 & x has be5 f\nd possible to secure ! passage ( direct measures :i* prev5t reproduction ( ^? :o are actually defective4 ,b ev5 ! mo/ optimi/ic eug5i/ mu/ feel t1 %ort ( ! remote future1 any attempt to h ! /ate grade & pay = babies on ! basis ( _! quality is c]ta9 to fail to pass4 ,! rec5t action ( ! municipality ( ,s*nb]g1 ,b]l91 is typical4 ,x is n[ pay+ baby b\nties at ! rate ( #ab4ej a head = ! fir/ born1 #b4ej a head = all lat] born1 & no que/ions ask$4 ,x is to be fe>$ t any success :i* ! fem9i/s may ga9 9 secur+ /ate aid = mo!rs 9 ,am]ica w secure1 z 9 ,s*nb]g1 9 ,engl&1 9 ,france1 & 9 ,au/ralia1 m]ely a small uni=m sum4 ,?is acts dysg5ically because x is a /imulus to m>ri$ p to h l>ge families 9 inv]se proportion to _! income1 & is felt mo/ by ^? ^: purpose 9 hav+ *ildr5 is lea/ approvable4 ,! m>ri$ woman ( good /ock ought to be> f\r *ildr54 ,= _m reasons ^! ought to be spac$ well ap>t1 pref]ably n mu* less ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,%e mu/ h ov]sight ( ^! *ildr5 until !y all rea* adolesc5ce4 ,?is means a p]iod ( ab\t #ab #ac #be ye>s dur+ :i* h] prim>y1 ?\gh by no means h] only1 conc]n w be mo!rcraft4 ,x is h>dly possible & c]ta9ly n desirable t %e %\ld support h]self outside ( ! home dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,z /ate support w\ld pretty c]ta9ly be indiscrim9ate & dang]\sly dysg5ic1 x !re=e appe>s t ! pres5t cu/om ( hav+ ! fa!r responsible = ! support ( ! family is n only unavoidable b desirable4 ,if s1 x is desirable to avoid r$uc+ ! wages ( m>ri$ m5 too mu* by ! competition ( s+le wom54 ,to atta9 ?is end1 )\t work+ any inju/ice to wom51 x seems wise to modify _! education 9 g5]al 9 su* a way z to prep>e wom5 = ! k9ds ( "w be/ adapt$ to h] capacities & ne$s4 ,wom5 7 long exclud$ f a high] education1 & :5 !y secur$ x1 !y n unnaturally want$ ! k9d ( education m5 7 receiv+1--p>tly 9 ord] to demon/rate t !y 7 n intellectually inf]ior to m54 ,s9ce ?is demon/ration is n[ complete1 ! cont9uation ( duplicate curricula is uncall$ =4 ,! co$ucational colleges ( ! we/ are already turn+ away f ! old s+le curriculum & are provid+ = ! election ( m diff]5tiat$ c\rses = wom54 ,! sep>ate wom5's colleges ( ! ea/ w d\btless d s ev5tually1 s9ce _! own graduates & /ud5ts are increas+ly discont5t$ ) ! pres5t n>r[ & obsolete ideals4 ,if ! high] education ( wom51 & mu* ( ! elem5t>y education1 is direct$ t[>d diff]5tiat+ !m f m5 & giv+ !m di/9ct occupations 7includ+ prim>ily m>riage & mo!rhood7 in/ead ( tra9+ !m s ! only ?+ !y are capable ( do+ is to compete ) m5 = m5's jobs1 ! dem& ( equal pay = equal "w w be less difficult to reconcile ) ! int]e/s ( ! race4 ,9 ?is direction ! fem9i/s might f9d a l>ge & pr(itable field = ! employm5t ( _! en]gies4 ,!re is good gr\nd = ! fem9i/ cont5tion t wom5 %\ld be lib]ally educat$1 t !y %\ld n be reg>d$ by m5 z inf]ior creatures1 t !y %\ld h ! opportunity ( self-expression 9 a ri*]1 fre] life ?an !y h _h 9 ! pa/4 ,all ^! ga9s c be made )\t sacrific+ any racial int]e/s2 & !y mu/ be s made4 ,! unre/ ( intellig5t wom5 is n to be less5$ or remov$ by educat+ !m 9 ! belief t !y are n diff]5t f m5 & sett+ !m to "w z m5 9 ! "w ( ! _w4 ,except :]e ! "w is peculi>ly adapt$ to wom5 or !re is a special individual aptitude1 su* "w w1 = ! reasons we h set =?1 op]ate dysg5ically & !re=e br+ ab\t ! decad5ce ( ! race :i* practices x4 ,! true solution is r to be s\ght 9 recogniz+ ! natural diff]5tiation ( ! two sexes & 9 emphasiz+ ?is diff]5tiation by education4 ,boys w be taught ! nobility ( be+ productive & ( e/abli%+ families2 girls w h simil> ideals held up to !m b w be taught to rea* !m 9 a diff]5t way1 ?r\gh cultivation ( ! intellectual & emotional *>act]s mo/ useful to t division ( labor = :i* !y are supremely adapt$1 z well z ^? t are common to bo? sexes4 ,! home mu/ n be made a subord9ate int]e/1 z "s fem9i/s desire1 b x mu/ be made a mu* ri*]1 deep]1 m satisfy+ int]e/ ?an x is too frequ5tly at pres5t4 ,,old ,,age ,,p5sions ,p5sions = ag$ p =m an important "p ( ! mod]n program ( social legislation4 ,:at _! m]its may be 9 reliev+ pov]ty w n be discuss$ "h4 ,b beyond ! direct effect1 x is important to inquire :at indirect eug5ic effect !y w\ld h1 z comp>$ ) ! pres5t sy/em :]e ! ag$ are mo/ frequ5tly support$ by _! own *ildr5 :5 !y h fail$ ?r\gh lack ( ?rift or = o!r reasons to make provision = _! old age4 ,! ord9>y man1 dep5d5t on 8 daily "w = a livelihood1 c n easily support 8 p>5ts & 8 (fspr+ at ! same "t4 ,aid giv5 to ! "o mu/ be 9 "s degree at ! exp5se ( ! o!r4 ,! eug5ic consequ5ces w dep5d on :at class ( man is requir$ to contribute ?us to p>5tal support4 ,x is at once obvi\s t sup]ior families w r>ely enc\nt] ?is problem4 ,! p>5ts w1 by _! sup]ior e>n+ capacity & ! ex]cise ( ?rift & =esight1 h provid$ = ! wants ( _! old age4 ,a sup]ior man w !re=e seldom be "u economic pressure to limit ! numb] ( 8 own *ildr5 because ( ! necessity ( support+ 8 p>5ts4 ,9 inf]ior families1 on ! o!r h&1 ! p>5ts w h made no adequate provision = _! old age4 ,a son w h to assume _! support1 & ?us r$uce ! numb] ( 8 own *ildr51--a eug5ic result4 ,) old age p5sions f ! /ate1 ! economic pressure w\ld be tak5 (f ^! inf]ior families & ! *ildr5 w\ld ?us be enc\rag$ to m>ry e>li] & h m *ildr51--a dysg5ic result4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! mo/ eug5ic c\rse w\ld p]haps be to make ! support ( p>5ts by *ildr5 compulsory1 9 cases :]e any support 0 ne$$4 ,su* a /ep w\ld n h&icap sup]ior families1 b w\ld hold back ! inf]ior4 ,a contributory sy/em ( old age p5sions1 = :i* ! money 0 provid$ out ( ! individual's e>n+s1 & laid aside = 8 old age1 w\ld also be satisfactory4 ,a sy/em :i* l$ to ! paym5t ( old age p5sions by ! /ate w\ld be h>mful4 ,! latt] sy/em w\ld be evil 9 /ill ano!r way because1 z is ! case ) mo/ social legislation ( ?is type1 ! funds = c>ry+ out su* a s*eme mu/ naturally be furni%$ by ! effici5t memb]s ( ! community4 ,?is adds to _! f9ancial burd5s & enc\rages ! "y m5 to po/pone m>riage long] & to h few] *ildr5 :5 !y d m>ry1--a dysg5ic result4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t old age p5sions paid by ! /ate w\ld be dysg5ic 9 a numb] ( ways1 enc\rag+ ! increase ( ! inf]ior "p ( ! population at ! exp5se ( ! sup]ior4 ,if old age p5sions are necess>y1 !y %\ld be contributory4 ,,! ,,sex ,,hygi5e ,,movem5t ,sexual morality is ?\ght by "s to be sub/antially synonym\s ) eug5ics or to be includ$ by x4 ,"o ( ! au?ors has prote/$ previ\sly#ahd aga9/ ?is confusion ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w eug5ics4 ,! fallacy ( believ+ t a campaign aga9/ sexual immorality is a campaign = eug5ics w be app>5t if ! proposition is analyz$4 ,fir/1 does sexual immorality increase or decrease ! m>riage rate ( ! (f5d]s8 ,we conclude t x r$uces ! m>riage rate4 ,al?\gh x is true t "s individuals might by sexual exp]i5ce become s awak5$ z to be less satisfi$ ) a cont95t life1 & might ?us 9 "s cases be l$ to m>riage1 yet ?is is m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! foll[+ consid]ations3 #a4 ,! m]e consci\sness ( loss ( virg9ity has l$ 9 "s s5sitive p]sons1 especially wom51 to an unwill+ness to m>ry f a s5se ( unwor?9ess4 ,?is is n common1 yet su* cases are kn[n4 #b4 ,! loss ( reputation has prev5t$ ! m>riage ( ! desir$ mates4 ,?is is n at all uncommon4 #c4 ,v5]eal infection has l$ to ! ab&onm5t ( m>riage4 ,?is is especially common4 #d4 ,illicit exp]i5ces may h be5 s disillusion+1 ow+ to ! disaffect+ nature ( ! consorts1 t an attitude ( pessimism & misan?ropy or misogyny is built up4 ,su* an attitude prev5ts m>riage n only directly1 b also indirectly1 s9ce p]sons ) su* an outlook are !reby less attractive to ! opposite sex4 #e4 ,a ta/e = sexual v>iety is built up s t ! individual is unwill+ to commit himself to a monogam\s union4 #f4 ,occasionally1 ?reat ( blackmail by a jilt$ p>am\r prev5ts m>riage by ! inability to escape ^! importunities4 ,we consid] next ! relative bir?-rate ( ! m>ri$ & ! incont95t unm>ri$4 ,!re c n be ! slighte/ d\bt t ?is is va/ly great] 9 ! case ( ! m>ri$4 ,! unm>ri$ h n only all ! inc5tives ( ! m>ri$ to keep d[n _! bir?-rate b also ! obvi\s & p[]ful inc5tive ( concealm5t z well4 ,pass+ to ! relative dea?-rate ( ! illegitimate & legitimate prog5y1 ! actual data inv>iably indicate a decid$ advantage ( ! legitimately born4 ,! reasons are too obvi\s to be retail$4 ,n[1 !n1 kn[+ t ! racial contribution ( ! sexually moral is great] ?an t ( ! sexually immoral1 we may comp>e ! quality ( ! sexually moral & immoral1 to get ! evolution>y effect4 ,= ?is purpose a di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 ! individual :o has be5 *a/e till ! normal "t ( m>riage & ^: sexual life is truly monogam\s1 & t abnormal gr\p :o rema9 *a/e & celibate to an advanc$ age4 ,^! la/ are n moral 9 ! la/ analysis1 if !y h valuable & ne$$ traits & are f]tile1 because 9 ! long run _! failure to reproduce affects adv]sely ! welf>e ( _! gr\p4 ,:ile ! race suff]s ?r\gh ! failure ( _m ( ^! individuals to contribute prog5y1 probably ?is does n happ51 s f> z males are conc]n$1 z mu* z might be suppos$1 = su* individuals are (t5 innately defective 9 _! in/9cts or1 9 ! case ( disappo9t$ lov]s1 h a badly proportion$ emotional equipm5t1 s9ce x leads !m into a position s obvi\sly oppos$ to race int]e/s4 ,b1 to pass to ! ess5tial comp>ison1 t betwe5 ! sexually immoral & ! sexually moral z limit$ above1 x is necess>y fir/ ( all to decide :e!r monogamy is a desirable & presumably p]man5t feature ( human society4 ,we conclude t x is3 #a4 ,because x is spread+ at ! exp5se ( polygamy ev5 :]e n favor$ by legal int]f]5ce4 ,! *ange is mo/ evid5t 9 ,*9a4 #b4 ,9 monogamy1 sexual selection puts a premium on valuable traits ( "*1 r ?an on m]e p]sonal beauty or ability to acquire weal?2 & #c4 ,! greate/ am\nt ( happ9ess is produc$ by a monogam\s sy/em1 s9ce 9 a polygam\s society s _m m5 mu/ rema9 unm>ri$ & s _m wom5 are dissatisfi$ ) hav+ to %>e _! mates ) o!rs4 ,assum+ ?is1 !n adaptation to ! condition ( monogam\s society repres5ts race progress4 ,su* a race pr(its if ^? :o d n comply ) its conditions make a defici5t racial contribution4 ,x foll[s !n t sexual immorality is eug5ic 9 its result = ! species & t if all sexual immorality %\ld cease1 an important means ( race progress might be lo/4 ,an illu/ration is ! case ( ! ,negro 9 ,am]ica1 ^: failure to increase m rapidly 9 numb] is l>gely attributable to ! widespread /]ility result+ f v5]eal infection4#ahe ,%\ld v5]eal diseases be elim9at$1 t race might be expect$ to increase 9 numb]s v mu* fa/] ?an ! :ites4 ,x may be felt by "s t ?is position w\ld h an immoral effect ^u y\? if widely accept$4 ,?is ne$ n be fe>$4 ,on ! contr>y1 we believe t "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful factors 9 e?ical culture is pride due to ! consci\sness ( be+ "o :o is fit & wor?y4 ,! traditional view ( sexual morality has be5 to ignore ! selectional aspect "h discuss$ & to /ress ! alleg$ det]ioration ( ! g]m-plasm by ! direct action ( ! tox9s ( syphilis4 ,! evid5ce reli$ ^u to demon/rate ?is action seems to be vitiat$ by ! possibility t !re 01 in/ead1 a transmitt$ infection ( ! prog5y4 ,?is racial poison action1 s9ce x is s highly improbable f analogy1 c n be cr$it$ until x has be5 demon/rat$ 9 cases :]e ! p>5ts h be5 indubitably cur$4 ,is x necess>y1 !n1 to reta9 sexual immorality 9 ord] to a*ieve race progress8 ,no1 because x is only "o ( _m factors contribut+ to race progress4 ,society c mitigate ?is z well z alcoholism1 disease1 infant mortality--all p[]ful selective factors--)\t h>m1 provid$ increas$ effici5cy ( o!r selective factors is ensur$1 su* z ! segregation ( defectives1 m effective sexual selection1 a bett] correlation ( income & ability1 & a m eug5ic di/ribution ( family limitation4 ,,trades ,,unionism ,a dysg5ic feature (t5 f\nd 9 trades unionism w easily be und]/ood aft] our discussion ( ! m9imum wage4 ,! union t5ds to /&>dize wages2 x t5ds to fix a wage 9 a giv5 indu/ry1 & dem& t ne>ly all work]s 9 t classification be paid t wage4 ,x _c be d5i$ t "s ( ^! work]s are mu* m capable ?an o!rs4 ,artificial int]f]5ce ) a m exact adju/m5t ( wages to ability !re=e p5alizes ! bett] workm5 & subsidizes ! worse ones4 ,economic pressure is !reby put on ! bett] m5 to h few] *ildr51 & ) ! worse m5 enc\rages m *ildr51 ?an w\ld be ! case if _! incomes m ne>ly repres5t$ _! real wor?4 ,paym5t accord+ to ! product1 ) prizes & bonuses s mu* oppos$ by ! unions1 is m 9 accord ) ! pr9ciples ( eug5ics4 ,,prohibition ,x 0 %[n 9 ,*apt] ,,ii t ! attempt to ban alcoholic bev]ages on ! gr\nd ( direct dysg5ic effect is bas$ on dubi\s evid5ce4 ,b ! prohibition ( ! use ( liquors1 at lea/ ^? conta9+ m ?an #e alcohol1 c be def5d$ on indirect eug5ic gr\nds1 z well z on ! famili> gr\nds ( pa?ology & economics :i* are commonly cit$4 #a4 ,unless x is pres5t to su* a degree z to con/itute a neurotic ta9t1 ! desire to be /imulat$ is n ( itself necess>ily a bad ?+4 ,?is w be p>ticul>ly cle> if ! di/ribution ( ! responsiv5ess to alcoholic /imulus is recall$4 ,"s really valuable /ra9s1 m>k$ by ?is susceptibility1 may be elim9at$ ?r\gh ! dea? ( "s individuals f debau*]y & ! p5alization ( o!rs 9 pref]5tial mat+2 ?is w\ld be avoid$ if n>cotics 7 n available4 #b4 ,9 selection = eug5ic improvem5t1 x is desirable n to h to select = too _m traits at once4 ,if alcoholism c\ld1 ?r\gh prohibition1 be elim9at$ f consid]ation1 x w\ld j s f> simplify ! problem ( eug5ics4 #c4 ,drunk5ness int]f]es ) ! effectiv5ess ( means = family limitation1 s t if 8 alcoholism is n extreme1 ! drunk>d's family is sometimes l>g] ?an x w\ld o!rwise be4 ,on ! o!r h&1 prohibition is dysg5ic & intemp]ance is eug5ic 9 _! effect on ! species 9 s f> z alcoholism is correlat$ ) o!r undesirable *>act]s & br+s ab\t ! elim9ation ( undesirable /ra9s4 ,b its action is n suffici5tly discrim9at+ nor decisive2 & if ! /ra9s h _m s]i\s defects1 !y c probably be dealt ) bett] 9 "s o!r1 m direct way4 ,we conclude1 !n1 t1 on ! :ole1 prohibition is desirable = eug5ic z well z = o!r reasons4 ,,p$agogical ,,celibacy ,:e!r wom5 are m effici5t tea*]s ?an m51 & :e!r s+le wom5 are m effici5t tea*]s ?an m>ri$ wom51 are disput$ que/ions :i* x is n propos$ "h to consid]4 ,accept+ ! pres5t fact1 t mo/ ( ! s*ool tea*]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are unm>ri$ wom51 x is prop] to exam9e ! eug5ic consequ5ces ( ?is condition4 ,! )drawal ( ?is l>ge body ( wom5 f ! c>e] ( mo!rhood into a celibate c>e] may be desirable if ^! wom5 are bel[ ! av]age ( ! re/ ( ! wom5 ( ! population 9 eug5ic quality4 ,b x w\ld h>dly be possible to f9d en\gh eug5ic inf]iors to fill ! ranks ( tea*]s1 )\t gett+ ^? :o are inf]ior 9 actual ability1 9 pat5t z well z lat5t traits4 ,& ! idea ( plac+ education 9 ! h&s ( su* inf]ior p]sons is n to be consid]$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 inevitable t ! tea*]s are1 on ! :ole1 sup]ior p]sons eug5ically4 ,_! celibacy mu/ be consid]$ highly detrim5tal to racial welf>e4 ,b1 x may be said1 !re is a consid]able numb] ( wom5 s defici5t 9 sex feel+ or emotional equipm5t t !y are c]ta9 nev] to m>ry2 !y are1 nev]!less1 p]sons ( intellectual ability4 ,let !m be ! s*ool tea*]s4 ,?is solution is1 h[ev]1 n acceptable4 ,_m wom5 ( ! "* describ$ und\bt$ly exi/1 b !y are bett] plac$ 9 "s o!r occupation4 ,x is :olly undesirable t *ildr5 %\ld be re>$ "u a neut] influ5ce1 :i* is probably too common already 9 education4 ,if wom5 are to tea*1 !n1 x mu/ be conclud$ t on eug5ic gr\nds pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to m>ri$ r ?an s+le tea*]s1 & t ! s+le ones %\ld be enc\rag$ to m>ry4 ,?is requires 7#a7 t consid]able *ange be made 9 ! education ( "y wom51 s t !y %all be fitt$ = mo!rhood r ?an exclusively = s*ool tea*+ z is (t5 ! case1 & 7#b7 t social devices be br\ght into play to aid !m 9 mat+--s9ce und\bt$ly a proportion ( s*ool tea*]s are s+le f ! segregat+ "* ( _! pr(ession1 n f *oice1 & 7#c7 provision = employ+ "s wom5 on half-"t & 7#d7 increase ( ! numb] ( male tea*]s 9 high s*ools4 ,x is1 p]haps1 unnecess>y to m5tion a fif? *ange necess>y3 t s*ool bo>ds mu/ be br\ght to see ! undesirability ( employ+ only unm>ri$ wom51 & ( dis*>g+ !m1 no matt] h[ effici5t1 if !y m>ry or h *ildr54 ,! c\rts mu/ be enabl$ to uphold woman's "r ( m>riage & mo!rhood1 in/ead (1 z 9 "s cases at pres5t1 uphold+ s*ool bo>ds 9 _! d5ial ( ?is "r4 ,contracts :i* prev5t wom5 tea*]s f m>ry+ or discont9u+ _! "w = m>riage %\ld be illegal1 & talk ab\t ! moral obligation ( normal s*ool graduates to tea* %\ld be disc\nt5anc$4 ,aga9/ ! proposal to employ m>ri$ s*ool tea*]s1 two objections are urg$4 ,x is said 7#a7 t = mo/ wom5 s*ool tea*+ is m]ely a tempor>y occupation1 :i* !y take up to pass ! few ye>s until !y %all h m>ri$4 ,to ?is x may be repli$ t ! hope ( m>riage too (t5 proves illusory to ! "y woman :o ent]s on ! p$agogical c>e]1 because ( ! lack ( opportunities to meet m51 & because ! nature ( h] "w is n su* z to increase h] attractiv5ess to m51 nor h] fitness = home-mak+4 ,p$agogy is too (t5 a /]iliz+ in/itution1 :i* takes "y wom5 :o desire to m>ry & impairs _! *ance ( m>riage4 ,aga9 x w be said 7#b7 t m>ri$ tea*]s w\ld lose too mu* "t f _! "w2 t _! prim>y int]e/s w\ld be 9 _! own homes in/ead ( 9 ! s*ool2 t !y c\ld n tea* s*ool )\t neglect+ _! own *ildr54 ,^! objections fall 9 ! realm ( education1 n eug5ics1 & x c only be said "h t ! reasons mu/ be extraord9>ily cog5t1 :i* w ju/ify ! en=cem5t ( celibacy on s l>ge a body ( sup]ior "y wom5 z is n[ engag$ 9 s*ool tea*+4 ,! magnitude ( ! problem is n always realiz$4 ,9 #aiad ! ,commission] ( education report$ t !re 71 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #afi1ibi m5 & #ecg1abc wom5 engag$ 9 tea*+4 ,n less ?an half a million wom51 !re=e1 are pot5tially affect$ by ! in/itution ( p$agogical celibacy4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,religion ,,& ,,eug5ics ,man is ! only animal ) a religion4 ,! conduct ( ! l[] animals is guid$ by in/9ct1#ahf & in/9ct normally works = ! b5efit ( ! species4 ,any action :i* is dictat$ by in/9ct is likely to result 9 ! pres]vation ( ! species1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( ! individual :i* acts1 provid$ !re has n be5 a rec5t *ange 9 ! environm5t4 ,b 9 ! human species reason appe>s1 & conduct is no long] gov]n$ by in/9ct alone4 ,a "y man is impell$ by in/9ct1 = in/ance1 to m>ry4 ,x is to ! int]e/s ( ! species t he m>ry1 & in/9ct !re=e causes him to desire to m>ry & to act z he desires4 ,a l[] animal w\ld obey ! impulse ( in/9ct )\t a mom5t's hesitation4 ,n s ! man4 ,reason int]v5es & asks1 ,is ?is really ! be/ ?+ = y to d n[8 ,w\ld y n bett] wait a:ile & get a />t 9 y\r bus9ess8 ,( c\rse m>riage w\ld be agreeable1 b y mu/ n be %ort-sight$4 ,y don't want to assume a h&icap j n[4 ,!re is a correspond+ reaction among ! m>ri$ 9 respect to be>+ additional *ildr54 ,! int]e/s ( self are imm$iate & easily se51 ! int]e/s ( ! species are n s press+4 ,9 any su* conflict betwe5 in/9ct & reason1 "o mu/ w92 & if reason w9s x is 9 "s cases = ! imm$iate b5efit ( ! individual b at ! exp5se ( ! species' int]e/s4 ,n[ ) reason dom9ant ov] in/9ct 9 man1 !re is a grave dang] t ) ea* man consult+ 8 own int]e/s in/ead ( ^? ( ! species1 "s gr\ps & ev5 races w become ext]m9at$4 ,along ) reason1 !re=e1 x is necess>y t "s o!r =ces %all appe> to control reason & give ! int]e/s ( ! species a *ance to be he>d along ) ! int]e/s ( ! individual4 ,"o su* =ce is religion4 ,)\t insi/+ t ?is is ! only view :i* may be tak5 ( ! orig9 ( religion1 or t ?is is ! only function ( religion1 we may yet ass]t t "o ( ! useful purposes s]v$ by religion is to cause m5 to adopt l9es ( conduct t w be = ! good ( ! race1 al?\gh x may sacrifice ! imm$iate good ( ! individual4#ahg ,?us if a "y ,mohamm$an be put 9 ! situation j describ$1 he may decide t x is to 8 mat]ial int]e/ to po/pone m>riage4 ,8 religion !n obtrudes itself1 ) quotations f ! ,prophet to ! effect t ,hell is peopl$ ) ba*elors4 ,! "y man is !reupon mov$ to m>ry1 ev5 if x does cause "s inconv5i5ce to 8 bus9ess plans4 ,religion1 re9=c+ in/9ct1 has triumph$ ov] reason & ga9$ a victory = ! l>g] int]e/s ( ! species1 :5 !y conflict ) ! imm$iate int]e/s ( ! individual4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we may1 p>aphras+ ,mat!w ,arnold1 def9e religion z motivat$ e?ics4 ,e?ics is a k ( "r conduct1 religion is an ag5cy to produce "r conduct4 ,& its work+ is m l t ( in/9ct ?an x is l t ( reason4 ,! irreligi\s man1 te/+ a proposition by reason alone1 may decide t x is to ! int]e/s ( all conc]n$ t he %\ld n utt] blasphemy4 ,! or?odox ,*ri/ian nev] consid]s ! pros & cons ( ! "q2 he has ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts & ! tea*+s ( 8 y\? 9 8 m9d1 & he refra9s f blasphemy 9 almo/ ! in/9ctive way t he refra9s f putt+ 8 h& on a hot /ove4 ,?is *apt] proposes prim>ily to consid] h[ eug5ics c be l9k$ ) religion1 & specifically ! ,*ri/ian religion2 b ! problem is n a simple "o1 because ,*ri/ianity is made ( div]se elem5ts4 ,n only has x und]gone "s *ange dur+ ! la/ #aijj ye>s1 b x 0 f\nd$ ^u ,judaism1 :i* itself involv$ div]se elem5ts4 ,we %all und]take to %[ t eug5ics fits 9 well ) ,*ri/ianity2 b x mu/ fit 9 ) diff]5t elem5ts 9 diff]5t ways4 ,we c di/+ui% f\r phases ( religion3 #a4 ,*>m & taboo1 or rew>d & puni%m5t 9 ! pres5t life4 ,! believ] 9 ^! processes ?9ks t c]ta9 acts possess p>ticul> efficacies beyond ^? evid5t to 8 obs]vation & reason2 & t peculi> malignities are to be expect$ z ! consequ5ce ( c]ta9 o!r acts4 ,p]haps no "o 9 ! memory ( ! tribe has ev] te/$ "o ( ^! acts to f9d :e!r ! expect$ result w\ld appe>2 x is held z a matt] ( religi\s belief t ! result w\ld appe>1 & ! act is !re=e avoid$4 #b4 ,rew>d & puni%m5t 9 a future life aft] dea?4 ,:]eas ! fir/ sy/em 0 suppos$ to br+ imm$iate rew>d & puni%m5t z ! result ( c]ta9 acts1 ?is second sy/em po/pones ! result to an aft]-life4 ,!re is 9 nature a sy/em ( rew>d & puni%m5t :i* ev]yone mu/ h obs]v$ because x is "p ( ! univ]sal sequ5ce ( cause & effect2 b ^! two phases ( religion c>ry ! idea /ill f>!r2 !y po/ulate rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( a sup]natural "*1 ov] & above ^? :i* naturally occur4 ,x is important to note t 9 nei!r ( ^! sy/ems is ,god ess5tially involv$4 ,!y are 9 reality indep5d5t ( ! idea ( ,god1 s9ce t is call$ luck 9 "s cases :i* 9 o!rs is call$ ! favor or wra? ( ,god4 ,& aga9 9 "s cases1 "o may be damn$ by a human curse1 al?\gh 9 o!rs ?is curse ( damnation is res]v$ = div9e p[]4 #c4 ,!i/ic religion4 ,9 ess5ce ?is consi/s ( ! satisfaction d]iv$ f do+ t :i* pleases ,god1 or gett+ into h>mony ) ! und]ly+ plan ( ! univ]se1 z "s put x4 ,x is ideali/ic & some:at my/ic4 ,x %\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! idea ( do+ or believ+ c]ta9 ?+s to insure salvation1 :i* is n ess5tially !i/ic b belongs "u 7#b74 ,! true !i/ desires to con=m to ! w ( ,god1 :olly ap>t f :e!r he w be rew>d$ or puni%$ = s do+4 #d4 ,humani/ic religion4 ,?is is a will+ness to make ! end ( e?ics ! totality ( happ9ess ( all m51 or "s l>ge gr\p ( m51 r ?an to judge conduct solely by its effects on "s "o individual4 ,at its highe/1 x is a sort ( loyalty to ! species4 ,x mu/ be not$ t mo/ cults include m ?an "o ( ^! elem5ts--usually all ( !m at v>i\s /ages4 ,z a race rises 9 intellig5ce1 x t5ds to progress f ! fir/ two t[>d ! la/ two1 b usually keep+ p>ts ( ! e>li] attitude1 m or less cle>ly express$4 ,& individual adh]5ts ( a religion usually h diff]5t ideas ( its scope2 ?us ! religi\s ideas ( _m ,*ri/ians embrace all f\r ( ! above elem5ts2 o!rs :o equally consid] !mselves ,*ri/ians may be influ5c$ by little m ?an 7#d7 alone1 or 7#c7 alone1 or ev5 7#b7 alone4 ,!re is no reason to believe t any "o ( ^! types ( religion is ! only "o adapt$ to promot+ s\nd e?ics 9 all individuals1 nor t a simil> culture c br+ ab\t uni=mity 9 ! ne> future1 s9ce ! religion ( a race corresponds to "s ext5t to ! inh]5t nature ( ! m9d ( its individuals4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ea* type ( religion has a di/9ct appeal to a c]ta9 temp]am5t or type ( m9d4 ,) increas+ intellig5ce1 x is probable t a religion t5ds to emphasize ! int]e/s ( all r ?an ! b5efits to be d]iv$ by "o2 su* has be5 cle>ly ! case 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! div]se elem5ts ( retribution1 damnation1 communion ) ,god & social s]vice /ill exi/1 b 9 ,am]ica ! la/-nam$ "o is ye>ly be+ m emphasiz$4 ,emphasis ^u x is ! m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ,jesus' tea*+4 ,) ?is r\gh sket* ( religi\s ideas 9 m9d1 ! "p religion c play at ! pres5t day 9 advanc+ ! eug5ic int]e/s ( ! race or species may be consid]$4 ,ea* religion c s]ve eug5ics j z well z x c s]ve any o!r field ( e?ics1 & by ! v same devices4 ,we %all run ov] our f\r types aga9 & note :at appeals eug5ics c make to ea* "o4 #a4 ,rew>d & puni%m5t 9 ?is life4 ,"h ! value ( *ildr51 emotionally & economically1 to _! p>5ts 9 _! lat] life c be %[n1 & ! dissatisfaction t is felt by ! *ildless4 ,! emotions may be rea*$ 7z !y h be5 rea*$ 9 pa/ c5turies7 by ! pa9t+ ( ,madonnas1 ! s++ ( lullabies1 by ! c>e ( ! baby si/]1 by ! laurel wrea? ( ! victori\s son1 by ! great *oruses ( :ite-rob$ girls1 by ! happ9ess ( ! bride1 & by ! s5tim5t ( ! home4 ,"h are "s ( ! noble/ subjects = ! arts1 :i* 9 ! pa/ h unconsci\sly s]v$ eug5ics well4 ,9 a less emotional way1 a deep desire = t t]re/rial immortality involv$ 9 po/]ity %\ld be fo/]$4 ,! doctr9e ( ! cont9uity ( g]m-plasm might play a l>ge "p 9 religion4 ,x %\ld at lea/ be br\ght home to ev]yone at "s po9t 9 8 education4 ,man %\ld h a mu* /rong] feel+ ( id5tity ) 8 =ebe>s & 8 prog5y4 ,is x n a loss to ,*ri/ians t !y h s mu* less ( ?is feel+ ?an ! ,*9ese8 ,x may be urg$ 9 opposition t su* conceptions are dang]\sly /atic & h !reby h>m$ ,*9a4 ,b t c be avoid$ by %ift+ ! balance a little f prog5itors to po/]ity4 ,if p %\ld live m 9 _! *ildr5 ?an !y n[ d1 !y w\ld be n only anxi\s to give !m a s\nd h]$ity1 b all ! m eag] to improve ! conditions ( _! *ildr5's environm5t by modify+ _! own4 ,x may be object$ t ?is sort ( propag&a is indiscrim9ate1--t x may fur!r ! reproduction ( ! inf]ior j z mu* z ! sup]ior4 ,we ?9k n4 ,su* /eps appeal m to ! sup]ior type ( m9d & w be little he$$ by ! inf]ior4 ,!y w be ultimately1 if n directly1 discrim9ative4 ,9 s f> z ! =ego+ appeals to reason alone x is n religion4 ,! appeal to reason mu/ ei!r be emotionaliz$ or color$ ) ! sup]natural to be religion4 #b4 ,rew>d & puni%m5t 9 a future life4 ,"h ! belief 9 ! absolute1 v]bal inspiration ( sacr$ writ+s & ! doctr9e ( salvation by fai? alone are rapidly pass+1 & x is !re=e ! easi] to br+ eug5ics into ?is type ( religion4 ,ev5 :]e salvation by fai? is /ill held z an article ( cre$1 x is accompani$ by ! concession t he :o truly believes w manife/ 8 belief by works4 ,altruism c be f\nd 9 ! sacr$ writ+s ( probably all religions1 & ! mod]n t5d5cy is to make mu* ( su* passages1 9 :i* x is easy = ! eug5i/ to f9d a w>rant4 ,:at is ne$$ "h1 !n1 is to impress ^u ! lead]s 9 ?is field t eug5ic conduct is a good "w & z su* !y may prop]ly include x along ) o!r mod]n virtues1 su* z hone/ vot+ & ab/95ce f graft z a key to heav54 ,dysg5ic conduct %\ld equally be taught to be an ob/acle to salvation4 #c4 ,!ism4 ,! man :o is mo/ influ5c$ by ! desire to be at "o ) ,god naturally wants to act 9 accordance ) ,god's plan4 ,b ,god be+ omnib5efic5t1 he necess>ily believes t ,god's plan is t :i* is = ! be/ int]e/s ( ,8 *ildr5--unless he is "o ( ^? happily r>e individuals :o /ill believe t ! end ( man is to glorify ,god by voice1 n by means ( human bett]m5t4 ,?is type ( religion 7& ! o!r types 9 diff]5t degrees7 is a great motive p[]4 ,x bo? creates en]gy 9 its adh]5ts1 & directs t en]gy into def9ite outlets4 ,x ne$ only be made conv9c+ly evid5t t eug5ics is truly a "w ( human bett]m5t1--really ! greate/ "w ( human bett]m5t1 & a p>tn]%ip ) ,god--to h x tak5 up by ?is type ( religion ) all ! en?usiasm :i* x br+s to its "w4 #d4 ,! task ( enli/+ ! humani/ appe>s to be ev5 simpl]4 ,x is m]ely necess>y to %[ him t eug5ics increases ! totality ( happ9ess ( ! human species4 ,s9ce ! keynote ( 8 devotion is loyalty1 we might make ?is plea3 ,c we n make e sup]ior man or woman a%am$ to accept exi/5ce z a gift f 8 or h] ance/ors1 only to ext+ui% ?is tor* in/ead ( h&+ x on8 ,eug5ics is 9 "s ways ak9 to ! movem5t = ! cons]vation ( natural res\rces4 ,9 pione] days a race uses up its res\rces )\t hesitation4 ,!y seem inexhau/ible4 ,"s day x is recogniz$ t !y are n inexhau/ible1 & !n su* memb]s ( ! race z are guid$ by good e?ics beg9 to consid] ! int]e/s ( ! future4 ,no sy/em ( e?ics is wor? ! "n :i* does n make provision = ! future4 ,x is "r "h t ! e?ics ( pres5t-day ,am]ica is too (t5 f\nd want+4 ,z ?is fault is correct$1 eug5ics w be m cle>ly se5 z an integral "p ( e?ics4 ,provision = ! future ( ! individual leads1 9 a v l[ /ate ( civilization1 to ! accumulation ( weal?4 ,ev5 ! ants & squirrels h s mu* e?ics6 ,high] 9 ! evolution>y scale comes provision = ! future ( *ildr52 _! int]e/s lead to ! f\ndation ( ! family &1 at a mu* lat] date1 a man looks n only to 8 imm$iate *ildr5 b to future g5]ations ( heirs1 :5 he entails 8 e/ates & tries to e/abli% a notable family l9e4 ,provision = ! future is ! ess5ce ( 8 actions4 ,b s f> only ! individual or ^? relat$ closely to him h be5 tak5 into consid]ation4 ,) a gr[? ( altruism1 man beg9s to recognize t he mu/ make provision = ! future ( ! race2 t he %\ld apply to all sup]ior families ! same anxiety :i* he feels t 8 *ildr5 %all n t>ni% ! family "n by fooli% m>riages2 t !y %all gr[ up /rong & intellig5t4 ,?is feel+ int]pret$ by sci5ce is eug5ics1 an important elem5t ( :i* is religion3 = religion m ?an any o!r influ5ce leads "o to look ahead1 & to realize t imm$iate b5efits are n ! greate/ values t man c secure 9 life1--t !re is some?+ beyond & sup]ior to eat+1 dr9k+ & be+ m]ry4 ,if ! crit]ion ( e?ical action is ! provision x makes = ! future1 !n ! e?ics ( ! eug5i/ mu/ rank high1 = he n only looks f> to ! future1 b takes direct & effective /eps to safegu>d ! future4 ,!oretically1 !n1 !re is a place = eug5ics 9 e type ( religion4 ,9 practice1 x w probably make an impression only on ! dynamic religions1--^? t are actually accompli%+ some?+4 ,buddhism1 = example1 is p]haps too contemplative to d any?+4 ,b ,*ri/ianity1 above any o!r1 w\ld seem to be ! natural ally ( ! eug5i/4 ,*ri/ianity itself is und]go+ a rapid *ange 9 ideals at pres5t1 & x seems impossible t ?is evolution %\ld leave its adh]5ts z ignorant ( & indiff]5t to eug5ics z !y h be5 9 ! pa/--ev5 dur+ ! la/ g5]ation4 ,foll[]s ( o!r religions1 z ?is *apt] has attempt$ to %[1 c also make eug5ics a "p ( _! respective religions4 ,if !y d n1 !n x bodes ill = ! future ( _! religion & ( _! race4 ,x is n difficult to get p to see ! value ( eug5ics1--to give an intellectual adhesion to x4 ,b z eug5ics sometimes calls = seem+ sacrifices1 x is mu* m difficult to get p to act eug5ically4 ,we h at num]\s po9ts 9 ?is book emphasiz$ ! necessity ( mak+ ! eug5ic appeal emotional1 ?\gh x is bas$ fundam5tally on s\nd reason+ f facts ( biology4 ,! great value ( religion 9 ?is connection is t x provides a driv+ p[]1#ahh a s\rce ( action1 :i* ! intellect alone c r>ely furni%4 ,reason itself is usually an inhibitor ( action4 ,x is ! emotions t impel "o to d ?+s4 ,! utilization ( ! emotions 9 affect+ conduct is by no means always a "p ( religion1 yet x is ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,)\t ab&on+ ! appeal to reason1 eug5i/s mu/ make e ef=t to enli/ pot5t emotional =ces on _! side4 ,!re is none s /rong & available z religion1 & ! eug5i/ may turn to x ) confid5ce ( f9d+ an effective ally1 if he c once ga9 its sanction4 ,! task1 z ?is *apt] 0 int5d$ to %[1 is a complex "o1 yet we see no insup]able ob/acles to x4 ,eug5ics may n become a "p ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 z a :ole1 until sci5tific education is mu* m widespread ?an at pres5t1 b x is n too soon to make a />t1 by id5tify+ ! int]e/s ( ! two :]ev] su* id5tification is ju/ifi$ & pr(itable4 ,we h endeavor$ to po9t out t z a race rises1 & in/9ct becomes less important 9 guid+ ! conduct ( its memb]s1 religion has (t5 put a re/ra9t on reason1 guid+ ! individual 9 racially pr(itable pa?s4 ,:at is to happ5 :5 religion gives way8 ,unbridl$ selfi%ness too (t5 takes ! re9s1 & ! int]e/s ( ! species are disreg>d$4 ,religion1 !re=e1 appe>s to be a necessity = ! p]petuation ( any race4 ,x is ess5tial to racial welf>e t ! national religion %\ld be ( su* a "* z to appeal to ! emotions effectively & yet conciliate ! reason4 ,we believe t ! religion ( ! future is likely to acquire ?is "*1 9 proportion z x adh]es to eug5ics4 ,!re is no room 9 ! civiliz$ _w n[ = a dysg5ic religion4 ,sci5ce w progress4 ,! idea ( evolution w be m firmly grasp$4 ,religion itself evolves1 & any religion :i* does n embrace eug5ics w embrace dea?4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,eug5ics ,,& ,,eu!nics ,emphasis has be5 giv51 9 sev]al ( ! =ego+ *apt]s1 to ! desirability ( inh]it+ a good con/itution & a high degree ( vigor & disease-resi/ance4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t no measures ( hygi5e & sanitation c take ! place ( su* inh]itance4 ,x is n[ desirable to asc]ta9 ! limits )9 :i* good inh]itance is effective1 & ?is may be conv5i5tly done by a /udy ( ! lives ( a gr\p ( p :o inh]it$ exceptionally /rong physical con/itutions4 ,! p ref]r$ to are tak5 f a collection ( hi/ories ( long life made by ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice ( ,wa%+ton4#ahi ,"o hundr$ individuals 7 pick$ out at r&om1 ea* ( :om _h di$ at ! age ( #ij or m1 & ) ! record ( ea* individual 7 plac$ ^? ( all 8 bro!rs & si/]s4 ,any family 0 reject$ 9 :i* !re 0 a record ( :olly accid5tal dea? 7e4g41 families ( :i* a memb] _h be5 kill$ 9 ! ,civil ,w>74 ,! #ajj families1 or m correctly frat]nities or sib%ips1 7 classifi$ by ! numb] ( *ildr5 p] frat]nity1 z foll[s3 ,numb] ( ,total numb] ,numb] ( *ildr5 p] ( *ildr5 frat]nities frat]nity 9 gr\p #a #b #b #aa #c #cc #h #d #cb #ag #e #he #ac #f #gh #ad #g #ih #i #h #gb #aa #i #ii #aj #aj #ajj #c #aa #cc #b #ab #bd #a #ac #ac --- --- #ajj #ffi ,! av]age at dea? ( ^! #ffi p]sons 0 #fd4g ye>s4 ,! *ild mortality 7fir/ #d ye>s ( life7 0 #g4e ( ! total mortality1 #fi families %[+ no dea?s ( t k9d4 ,! gr\p is z a :ole1 !re=e1 long-liv$4 ,! problem 0 to measure ! resemblance betwe5 bro!rs & si/]s 9 respect ( longevity1--to f9d :e!r k ( ! age at :i* "o di$ w\ld ju/ify a pr$iction z to ! age at dea? ( ! o!rs1--or te*nically1 x 0 to measure ! frat]nal correlation ( longevity4 ,a z]o coeffici5t "h w\ld %[ t !re is no association2 t f ! age at :i* "o dies1 no?+ :atev] c be pr$ict$ z to ! age at :i* ! o!rs w die4 ,s9ce x is kn[n t h]$ity is a l>ge factor 9 longevity1 su* a f9d+ w\ld mean t all dea?s 7 due to "s accid5t :i* made ! inh]itance ( no acc\nt4 ,9 an ord9>y population x has be5 f\nd t ! age at dea? ( bro!rs & si/]s furni%es a coeffici5t ( correlation ( ! ord] ( 4#c1 :i* %[s t h]$ity does det]m9e ! age at :i* "o %all die to consid]able ext5t1 b n absolutely4#aij ,! index ( correlation#aia betwe5 ! l5g?s ( life )9 ! frat]nity 9 ^! #ajj select$ families1 furni%$ a coeffici5t (-4#jafc4jfgb1 practically z]o4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! age is kn[n at :i* a memb] ( "o ( ^! families di$1 :e!r x be "o mon? or #ajj ye>s1 no?+ :atev] c be pr$ict$ ab\t ! age at :i* 8 bro!rs & si/]s di$4 ,rememb]+ t longevity is 9 g5]al inh]it$1 & t x is f\nd 9 ! families ( all ! p ( ?is /udy 7s9ce "o 9 ea* frat]nity liv$ to be #ij or ov]7 h[ is "o to int]pret ?is z]o coeffici5t8 ,evid5tly x means t al?\gh ^! p _h inh]it$ a high degree ( longevity1 _! dea?s 7 br\ght ab\t by causes :i* prev5t$ ! h]$ity f gett+ full expression4 ,z f> z h]$it>y pot5tialities are conc]n$1 x c be said t all _! dea?s 7 due to accid5t1 us+ t ^w 9 a broad s5se to include all non-selective dea?s by disease4 ,if !y _h all be5 able to get ! full b5efit ( _! h]$ity1 x w\ld appe> t ea* ( ^! p]sons might h liv$ to #ij or m1 z did ! "o 9 ea* family :o 0 record$ by ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice4 ,g5etically1 ^! o!r dea?s may be spok5 ( z premature4 ,9 an ord9>y population1 ! age ( dea? is det]m9$ to ! ext5t ( probably #ej by h]$ity4 ,9 ?is select$ long-liv$ population1 h]$ity appe>s n to be responsible 9 any measurable degree :atsoev] = ! diff]5ces 9 age at dea?4 ,! result may be express$ 9 ano!r1 & p]haps m /rik+1 way4 ,( ! #ffi individuals /udi$1 a hundr$--namely1 "o *ild 9 ea* family--liv$ beyond #ij2 & !re 7 a few o!rs :o did4 ,b "s #eej ( ! gr\p1 ?\gh !y _h inh]it$ ! pot5tiality ( rea*+ ! av]age age ( #ij1 actually di$ some:]e ar\nd #fj2 !y fail$ by at lea/ "o-?ird to live up to ! promise ( _! inh]itance4 ,if we 7 to g5]alize f ?is s+le case1 we w\ld h to say t five-six?s ( ! population does n make ! mo/ ( its physical inh]itance4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a fact t disc\rages fatali/ic optimism4 ,! man :o tells himself t1 because ( 8 magnific5t inh]it$ con/itution1 he c safely take any risk1 is pretty sure to take too _m risks & meet ) a non-selective--i4e41 g5etically1 a premature--dea?1 :5 he might 9 ! nature ( ?+s h liv$ almo/ a g5]ation long]4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p seem to h liv$ 9 a h>d environm5t4 ,!y appe> to belong pr$om9antly to ! l[] /rata ( society2 _m ( !m are immigrants & only a v few ( !m1 to judge by a cursory inspection ( ! records1 possess$ m ?an mod]ate means4 ,?is necessitat$ a frugal & indu/ri\s life :i* 9 _m ways 0 d\btless favorable to longevity b :i* may (t5 h l$ to ov]exposure1 ov]work1 lack ( prop] m$ical treatm5t1 or o!r causes ( a non-selective dea?4 ,we w\ld n pu% ! conclusion too f>1 b we c n d\bt t ?is inve/igation %[s ! folly ( ignor+ ! environm5t1--%[s t ! be/ inh]it$ con/itution mu/ h a fair *ance4 ,& :at has "h be5 f\nd = a physical "*1 w\ld probably hold good 9 ev5 great] degree = a m5tal "*4 ,all t man inh]its is ! capacity to develop along a c]ta9 l9e "u ! influ5ce ( prop] /imuli1--food & ex]cise4 ,! object ( eug5ics is to see t ! inh]5t capacity is !re4 ,giv5 t1 ! educational sy/em is next ne$$ to furni% ! /imuli4 ,! consi/5t eug5i/ is !re=e an ard5t eu!ni/4 ,he n only works = a bett] human /ock b1 because he does n want to see 8 ef=ts wa/$1 he always works to provide ! be/ possible environm5t = ?is bett] /ock4 ,9 s f>1 !n1 z eu!nics is actually provid+ man ) m favorable surr\nd+s1--n ) o/5sibly m favorable surr\nd+s :i*1 9 reality1 are unfavorable--!re c be no antagonism betwe5 x & eug5ics4 ,eug5ics is1 9 fact1 a pr]equisite ( eu!nics1 = x is only ! capable & altrui/ic man :o c contribute to social progress2 & su* a man c only be produc$ ?r\gh eug5ics4 ,eug5ic fatalism1 a bl9d fai? 9 ! omnipot5ce ( h]$ity reg>dless ( ! surr\nd+s 9 :i* x is plac$1 has be5 %[n by ! /udy ( long-liv$ families to be unju/ifi$4 ,x 0 f\nd t ev5 ^? :o inh]it$ exceptional longevity usually did n live z long z _! inh]itance gave !m ! "r to expect4 ,if !y _h _h m eu!nics1 !y %\ld h liv$ long]4 ,b ?is illu/ration c]ta9ly gives no gr\nd = a belief t eu!nics is suffici5t to prolong "o's life beyond ! inh]it$ limit4 ,a /udy ( ^! long-liv$ families f ano!r po9t ( view w reveal t h]$ity is ! prim>y factor & t good environm5t1 eu!nics1 is ! second>y "o4 ,= ?is purpose we augm5t ! #ajj families ( ! prec$+ section by ! addition ( #bdj m families l !m1 & we exam9e ea* family hi/ory to f9d h[ _m ( ! *ildr5 di$ be=e complet+ ! f\r? ye> ( life4 ,! data are summ>iz$ 9 ! foll[+ table3 ,,*ild ,,mortality ,,9 ,,families ,,( ,,long-,,liv$ ,,/ock1 ,,g5ealogical ,,record ,,(fice ,,data ,size ( ,no4 ( families ,no4 ( families ,total no4 family inve/igat$ %[+ dea?s ( dea?s "u #e ye>s #a *ild #f #j #j #b *ildr5 #f #j #j #c #ch #d #e #d #dj #f #g #e #ch #d #d #f #dd #ab #ac #g #cd #h #aa #h #df #ac #ah #i #ca #ad #bj #aj #bg #ad #ad #aa #ac #f #i #ab #ac #i #af #ac #a #j #j #ad #b #j #j #ag #a #a #b --- --- --- #cdj #ia #aai ,! addition ( ! new families 7:i* 7 n subject$ to any diff]5t selection ?an ! fir/ #ajj7 has br\ght d[n ! *ild mortality rate4 ,= ! fir/ #ajj1 x 0 f\nd to be #g4e4 ,if 9 ! above table ! numb] ( *ild dea?s1 #aai1 be divid$ by ! total numb] ( *ildr5 repres5t$1 #b1bei1 ! *ild mortality rate = ?is population is f\nd to be #e4bg1 or #ec p] ?\s&4 ,! smallness ( ?is figure may be se5 by comp>ison ) ! /ati/ics ( ! regi/ration area1 ,u4 ,s4 ,c5sus ( #ahhj1 :5 ! *ild mortality 7#j-d ye>s7 0 #djj p] ?\s&1 z calculat$ by ,alex&] ,graham ,bell4 ,a mortality ( #ec = ! fir/ f\r ye>s ( life is small] ?an any di/rict kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ev5 to-day1 c %[ = ! fir/ ye> ( life alone4 ,if any city c\ld br+ ! dea?s ( babies dur+ _! fir/ twelve mon?s d[n to #ec p] #a1jjj1 x w\ld ?9k x _h a*iev$ ! impossible2 b "h is a population 9 :i* #ec p] #a1jjj cov]s ! dea?s1 n only ( ! fatal fir/ #ab mon?s1 b ( ! foll[+ ?ree ye>s 9 addition4 ,n[ ?is population ) an unprec$5t$ly l[ rate ( *ild mortality is n "o :i* _h _h ! b5efit ( any ,baby ,sav+ ,campaign1 nor ev5 ! k ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,its mo!rs 7 mo/ly poor1 _m ( !m ignorant2 !y liv$ frequ5tly "u conditions ( h>d%ip2 !y 7 peasants & pione]s4 ,_! babies grew up )\t doctors1 )\t pa/euriz$ milk1 )\t ice1 )\t _m sanit>y precautions1 usually on r\gh food4 ,b !y _h "o advantage :i* no am\nt ( appli$ sci5ce c give aft] bir?--namely1 good h]$ity4 ,!y _h inh]it$ exceptionally good con/itutions4 ,x is n by accid5t t inh]it$ longevity 9 a family is associat$ ) l[ mortality ( its *ildr54 ,! connection betwe5 ! two facts 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,m>y ,beeton & ,k>l ,pe>son 9 _! pione] "w on ! inh]itance ( duration ( life4 ,!y f\nd t high infant mortality 0 associat$ ) e>ly dea? ( p>5ts1 :ile ! (fspr+ ( long-liv$ p>5ts %[$ few dea?s 9 *ildhood4 ,! correlation ( ! two facts 0 q regul>1 z w be evid5t f a glance at ! foll[+ tables prep>$ by ,a4 ,ploetz3 ,,l5g? ,,( ,,life ,,( ,,mo!rs ,,& ,,*ild-,,mortality ,,( ,,_! ,,daught]s4 ,,engli% ,,quak] ,,families1 ,,data ,,( ,,beeton ,,& ,,pe>son1 ,,arrang$ ,,by ,,ploetz ,ye> ( life 9 :i* mo!rs di$ ,at all #j-ch #ci-ec #ed-fh #fi-hc #hd up ages ,no4 ( daught]s #bcd #cjd #cje #fff #bdg #ahdf ,no4 ( !m :o di$ 9 fir/ #e ye>s #abb #aad #aah #aca #bf #eaa ,p] c5t4 ( daught]s :o di$ #eb4a #cg4e #bi4i #ai4g #aj4e #bg4g ,,l5g? ,,( ,,life ,,( ,,fa!rs ,,& ,,*ild-,,mortality ,,( ,,_! ,,daught]s ,ye> ( life 9 :i* fa!rs di$ ,at #j-ch #ci-ec #ed-fh #fi-hc #hd up all ages ,no4 ( daught]s #aje #bhd #ehe #gig #bcf #bjji ,no4 ( !m :o di$ 9 fir/ #e ye>s #ea #ih #aef #agg #dj #ebb ,p] c5t4 ( daught]s :o di$ #dh4f #cd4e #bf4g #bb4b #ag4j #bf4j ,to save space1 we d n %[ ! relation betwe5 p>5t & son2 x is simil> to t ( p>5t & daught] :i* is %[n 9 ! prec$+ tables4 ,9 mak+ comp>ison ) ! #cdj families f ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 above /udi$1 x mu/ be not$ t ,dr4 ,ploetz' tables include "o ye> long] 9 ! p]iod ( *ild mortality1 be+ comput$ = ! fir/ five ye>s ( life in/ead ( ! fir/ f\r4 ,8 p]c5tages w\ld !re=e be some:at l[] if comput$ on ! basis us$ 9 ! ,am]ican "w4 ,^! v>i\s data demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( a consid]able correlation betwe5 %ort life 7bra*ybioty1 ,k>l ,pe>son calls x7 9 p>5t & %ort life 9 (fspr+4 ,n only is ! t5d5cy to live long inh]it$1 b ! t5d5cy n to live long is likewise inh]it$4 ,b p]haps ! read] may ?9k !y %[ no?+ ( ! sort4 ,he may fancy t ! e>ly dea? ( a p>5t left ! *ild )\t suffici5t c>e1 & t neglect1 pov]ty1 or "s o!r factor ( eu!nics br\ght ab\t ! *ild's dea?4 ,p]haps x lack$ a "m's lov+ att5tion1 or p]haps ! fa!r's dea? remov$ ! wage-e>n] ( ! family & ! *ild !nce=? lack$ ! necessities ( life4 ,dr4 ,ploetz has po9t$ out#aib t ?is objection is n valid1 because ! influ5ce ( ! p>5t's dea? is se5 to hold good ev5 to ! po9t :]e ! *ild 0 too old to require any assi/ance4 ,if ! facts appli$ only to cases ( e>ly dea?1 ! suppos$ objection might be weighty1 b ! correlation exi/s f "o end ( ! age-scale to ! o!r4 ,x is n cr$ible t a *ild is go+ to be depriv$ ( any necess>y mat]nal c>e :5 its "m dies at ! age ( #fi2 ! *ild h]self 0 probably m>ri$ long be=e ! dea? ( ! "m4 ,nor is x cr$ible t ! dea? ( ! fa!r takes bread f ! *ild's m\?1 leav+ x to />ve to dea? 9 ! abs5ce ( a p5sion = wid[$ mo!rs1 if ! fa!r di$ at #hc1 :5 ! *ild h]self 0 gett+ to be an old woman4 ,! e>ly dea? ( a p>5t may occasionally br+ ab\t ! *ild's dea? = a reason :olly unconnect$ ) h]$ity1 b ! facts j po9t$ out %[ t su* cases are exceptional4 ,! /eady association ( ! *ild dea?-rate & p>5t dea?-rate at all ages demon/rates t h]$ity is a common cause4 ,b ! read] may suspect ano!r fallacy4 ,! cause ( ?is association is really environm5tal1 he may ?9k1 & ! same pov]ty or squalor :i* causes ! *ild to die e>ly may cause ! p>5t to die e>ly4 ,!y may bo? be ( heal?y1 long-liv$ /ock1 b =c$ to live 9 a pe/if]\s slum :i* cuts bo? ( !m (f prematurely & !reby creates a spuri\s correlation 9 ! /ati/ics4 ,we c dispose ( ?is objection mo/ effectively by br++ 9 new evid5ce4 ,x w probably be admitt$ t 9 ! royal families ( ,europe1 ! environm5t is z good z k & weal? c make x4 ,no *ild dies = lack ( pl5ty ( food & ! be/ m$ical c>e1 ev5 if 8 fa!r or "m di$ "y4 ,& ! memb]s ( ?is ca/e are n expos$ to any su* unsanit>y conditions1 or su* economic pressure z c\ld possibly cause bo? p>5t & *ild to die prematurely4 ,if ! association betwe5 longevity ( p>5t & *ild mortality holds = ! royal families ( ,europe & _! pr9cely relatives1 x c h>dly be reg>d$ z any?+ b ! effect ( h]$ity1--( ! inh]itance ( a c]ta9 type ( con/itution4 ,dr4 ,ploetz /udi$ ! dea?s ( #c1baj *ildr5 9 ,european royalty1 f ?is viewpo9t4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! relation betwe5 fa!r & *ild3 ,,l5g? ,,( ,,life ,,( ,,fa!rs ,,& ,,*ild-,,mortality ,,( ,,_! ,,*ildr5 ,,9 ,,royal ,,& ,,pr9cely ,,families1 ,,ploetz' ,,data ,at ,ye> ( life 9 :i* fa!rs di$ ,ye>s all ages #af-be #bf-ce #cf-de #df-ee #ef-fe #ff-ge #gf-he #hf up ,no4 ( *ildr54 #bc #ij #cfg #ede #gbe #ihc #ddd #cc #cbaj ,no4 :o di$ 9 fir/ #e ye>s #ab #bi #aae #aga #bjj #bed #aje #a #hhg ,p] c5t4 :o di$ #eb4b #cb4b #ca4c #ca4d #bg4f #be4h #bc4f #c4j #bg4f ,all[+ = ! smallness ( "s ( ! gr\ps1 x is evid5t t ! am\nt ( correlation is ab\t ! same "h z among ! ,engli% ,quak]s ( ! ,beeton-,pe>son inve/igation1 ^: mortality 0 %[n 9 ! two prec$+ tables4 ,9 ! heal?ie/ gr\p f ! royal families--! cases 9 :i* ! fa!r liv$ to old age--! am\nt ( *ild mortality is ab\t ! same z t ( ! ,hyde family 9 ,am]ica1 :i* ,alex&] ,graham ,bell has /udi$--namely1 some:]e ar\nd #bej p] #a1jjj4 ,"o may inf] t ! royal families are r bel[ p> 9 s\ndness ( con/itution4#aic ,all ^! /udies agree p]fectly 9 %[+ t ! am\nt ( *ild mortality is det]m9$ prim>ily by ! physical con/itution ( ! p>5ts1 z measur$ by _! longevity4 ,9 ! light ( ^! facts1 ! nature ( ! extraord9>ily l[ *ild mortality %[n 9 ! #cdj families f ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 ) :i* we began ! /udy ( ?is po9t1 c h>dly be misund]/ood4 ,^! families h ! be/ inh]it$ con/itution possible & ! o!r /udies cit$ w\ld make u c]ta9 ( f9d+ a l[ *ild mortality among !m1 ev5 if we _h n directly inve/igat$ ! facts4 ,if ! int]pretation :i* we h giv5 is correct1 ! conclusion is inevitable t *ild mortality is prim>ily a problem ( eug5ics1 & t all o!r factors are second>y4 ,!re is f\nd to be no w>rant = ! /atem5t s (t5 repeat$ 9 "o =m or ano!r1 t ! fundam5tal cause ( ! excessive rate ( infant mortality 9 indu/rial communities is pov]ty1 inadequate incomes1 & l[ /&>ds ( liv+4#aid ,royalty & its pr9cely relatives are n *>act]iz$ by a l[ /&>d ( liv+1 & yet ! *ild mortality among !m is v high--some:]e ar\nd #djj p] #a1jjj1 9 cases :]e a p>5t di$ "y4 ,if pov]ty is responsible 9 ! "o case1 x mu/ be 9 ! o!r--:i* is absurd4 ,or else ! logical absurdity is involv$ ( inv5t+ "o cause to expla9 an effect to-day & a :olly diff]5t cause to expla9 ! same effect to-morr[4 ,?is is unju/ifiable 9 any case1 & x is p>ticul>ly s :5 ! s+le cause t expla9s bo? cases is s evid5t4 ,if weak h]$ity causes high mortality 9 ! royal families1 :y1 simil>ly1 c n weak h]$ity cause high infant mortality 9 ! indu/rial communities8 ,we believe x does acc\nt = mu* ( x1 & t ! inadequate income & l[ /&>d ( liv+ are l>gely ! consequ5ces ( inf]ior h]$ity1 m5tal z well z physical4 ,! p>5ts 9 ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice files _h1 _m ( !m1 inadequate incomes & l[ /&>ds ( liv+ "u fronti] conditions1 b _! *ildr5 grew up :ile ^? ( ! royal families 7 dy+ 9 spite ( e att5tion t weal? c\ld comm& & sci5ce c\ld furni%4 ,if ! infant mortality problem is to be solv$ on ! basis ( k & reason1 x mu/ be recogniz$ t sanitation & hygi5e c n take ! place ( eug5ics any m ?an eug5ics c disp5se ) sanitation & hygi5e4 ,x mu/ be recogniz$ t ! dea?-rate 9 *ildhood is l>gely selective1 & t ! mo/ effective way to cut x d[n is to end[ ! *ildr5 ) bett] con/itutions4 ,?is c n be done solely by any eu!nic campaign2 x c n be done by swatt+ ! fly1 aboli%+ ! midwife1 /]iliz+ ! milk1 nor by any ( ! o!r panaceas sometimes propos$4 ,b1 x may be object$1 ?is discussion ignores ! actual facts4 ,/ati/ics %[ t infant mortality campaigns h consi/5tly produc$ r$uctions 9 ! dea?-rate4 ,! figures = ,new ,york1 :i* c\ld be mat*$ 9 doz5s ( o!r cities1 %[ t ! numb] ( dea?s p] #a1jjj bir?s1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( life1 has /eadily decl9$ s9ce a det]m9$ campaign to ,save ! ,babies 0 />t$3 #aijb #aha #aijc #aeb #aijd #afb #aije #aei #aijf #aec #aijg #add #aijh #abh #aiji #abi #aiaj #abe #aiaa #aab #aiab #aje #aiac #ajb #aiad #ie ,to "o :o c n see beyond ! imm$iate consequ5ces ( an action1 su* figures z ! above inde$ give q a diff]5t idea ( ! effects ( an infant mortality campaign1 ?an t :i* we h j tri$ to create4 ,& x is a great mis=tune t eu!nics s (t5 fails to look beyond ! imm$iate effect1 fails to see :at may happ5 next ye>1 or #aj ye>s f n[1 or 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,we admit t x is possible to keep a lot ( *ildr5 alive :o w\ld o!rwise h di$ 9 ! fir/ few mon?s ( life4 ,x is be+ done1 z ! ,new ,york figures1 & pages ( o!rs t c\ld be cit$1 prove4 ,! ultimate result is tw(old3 #a4 ,"s ( ^? :o are doom$ by h]$ity to a selective dea?1 b are kept alive ?r\gh ! fir/ ye>1 die 9 ! second or ?ird or f\r? ye>4 ,!y mu/ die soon] or lat]2 !y h n inh]it$ suffici5t resi/ance to survive m ?an a limit$ "t4 ,if !y are by a great ef=t c>ri$ ?r\gh ! fir/ ye>1 x is only to die 9 ! next4 ,?is is a /atem5t :i* we h n[h]e obs]v$ 9 ! propag&a ( ! infant mortality movem5t2 & x is p]haps a disconc]t+ "o4 ,x c only be prov$ by ref9$ /ati/ical me?ods1 b sev]al indep5d5t det]m9ations by ! ,engli% biometricians leave no d\bt z to ! fact4 ,?is "w ( ,k>l ,pe>son1 ,e4 ,c4 ,sn[1 & ,e!l ,m4 ,eld]ton1 0 cit$ 9 our *apt] on natural selection2 ! read] w recall h[ !y %[$ t nature is we$+ out ! weakl+s1 & 9 proportion to ! /r+5cy ) :i* %e we$s !m out at ! />t1 !re are few] weakl+s left to die 9 succe$+ ye>s4 ,to put ! facts 9 ! =m ( a truism1 "p ( ! *ildr5 born 9 any di/rict 9 a giv5 ye> are doom$ by h]$ity to an e>ly dea?2 & if !y die 9 "o ye> !y w n be alive to die 9 ! succe$+ ye>1 & vice v]sa4 ,( c\rse !re are 9 addition infant dea?s :i* are n selective & :i* if prev5t$ w\ld leave ! infant ) z good a *ance z any to live4 ,9 ! light ( ^! rese>*es1 we are =c$ to conclude t baby-sav+ campaigns accompli% less ?an is ?\ght2 t ! suppos$ ga9 is to "s ext5t tempor>y & illusory4 #b4 ,!re is /ill ano!r consequ5ce4 ,if ! ga9 is by great ex]tions made m ?an tempor>y2 if ! baby :o w\ld o!rwise h di$ 9 ! fir/ mon?s is br\ght to adult life & reproduction1 x means 9 _m cases ! dissem9ation ( ano!r /ra9 ( weak h]$ity1 :i* natural selection w\ld h cut (f ru?lessly 9 ! int]e/s ( race bett]m5t4 ,9 s f>1 !n1 z ! infant mortality movem5t is n futile x is1 f a /rict biological viewpo9t1 (t5 detrim5tal to ! future ( ! race4 ,d we !n disc\rage all attempts to save ! babies8 ,d we leave !m all to natural selection8 ,d we adopt ! bett] dead gospel8 ,unqualifi$ly1 no6 ,! sacrifice ( ! f9] human feel+s1 :i* w\ld accompany any su* c\rse1 w\ld be a great] loss to ! race ?an is ! eug5ic loss f ! p]petuation ( weak /ra9s ( h]$ity4 ,! abolition ( altrui/ic & humanit>ian s5tim5t = ! purpose ( race bett]m5t w\ld ultimately defeat its own end by mak+ race bett]m5t impossible4 ,b race bett]m5t w also be impossible unless a cle> di/9ction is made betwe5 measures t really mean race bett]m5t ( a fundam5tal & p]man5t nature1 & measures :i* d n4 ,we h *os5 ! ,infant ,mortality ,movem5t = analysis 9 ?is *apt] because x is an excell5t example ( ! k9d ( social bett]m5t :i* is tak5 = grant$1 by mo/ ( its propon5ts1 to be a fundam5tal piece ( race bett]m5t2 b :i*1 z a fact1 (t5 means race impairm5t4 ,no matt] h[ abundant & urg5t are ! reasons = cont9u+ to r$uce infant mortality :]ev] possible1 x is dang]\s to close ! eyes to ! fact t ! ga9 f x is ( a k9d t mu/ be paid = 9 o!r ways2 t to c>ry on ! movem5t )\t add+ eug5ics to x w be a %ort-sight$ policy1 :i* increases ! pres5t happ9ess ( ! _w at ! co/ ( dim9i%+ ! happ9ess ( po/]ity ?r\gh ! p]petuation ( inf]ior /ra9s4 ,:ile "s eu!nic measures are eug5ically evils1 ev5 if necess>y ones1 x mu/ n be inf]r$ t all eu!nic measures are dysg5ic4 ,_m ( !m1 su* z ! economic & social *anges we h sugge/$ 9 e>li] *apt]s1 are an important "p ( eug5ics4 ,e eu!nic measure %\ld be scrut9iz$ f ! evolution>y /&po9t2 if x is eug5ic z well z eu!nic1 x %\ld be :ole-he>t$ly favor$2 if x is dysg5ic b eu!nic x %\ld be condemn$ or adopt$1 accord+ to :e!r or n ! ga9 9 all ways f its op]ation w exce$ ! damage4 ,9 g5]al1 eu!nics1 :5 n accompani$ by "s =m ( selection 7i4 e41 eug5ics7 ultimately defeats its own end4 ,if x is accompani$ by rational selection1 x c usually be indors$4 ,eug5ics1 on ! o!r h&1 is likewise inadequate unless accompani$ by con/ant improvem5t 9 ! surr\nd+s2 & its advocates mu/ dem& eu!nics z an accompanim5t ( selection1 9 ord] t ! opportunity = gett+ a fair selection may be z free z possible4 ,if ! eu!ni/ likewise takes pa9s n to ignore ! exi/5ce ( ! racial factor1 !n ! two s*ools are /&+ on ! same gr\nd1 & x is m]ely a matt] ( ta/e or opportunity1 :e!r "o emphasizes "o side or ! o!r4 ,ea* ( ! two factions1 sometimes ?\ght to be oppos+1 w be se5 to be gett+ ! same end result1 namely1 human progress4 ,n only are ! two s*ools work+ = ! same end1 b ea* mu/ dep5d 9 /ill ano!r way ^u ! o!r1 9 ord] to make headway4 ,! eug5i/ c n see 8 measures put into effect except ?r\gh *anges 9 law & cu/om--i4 e41 eu!nic *anges4 ,he mu/ & does appeal to eu!nics to secure action4 ,! social re=m]1 on ! o!r h&1 c n see any improvem5ts made 9 civilization except ?r\gh ! discov]ies & inv5tions ( "s citiz5s :o are inh]5tly sup]ior 9 ability4 ,he 9 turn mu/ dep5d on eug5ics = e advance t is made4 ,x may make ! situation cle>] to /ate x 9 ! cu/om>y t]ms ( biological philosophy4 ,selection does n necess>ily result 9 progressive evolution4 ,x m]ely br+s ab\t ! adaptation ( a species or a gr\p to a giv5 environm5t4 ,! tapeworm is ! /ock example4 ,9 human evolution1 ! nature ( ?is environm5t w det]m9e :e!r adaptation to x means progress or retrogression1 :e!r x leaves a race happi] & m productive1 or ! rev]se4 ,all racial progress1 or eug5ics1 !re=e1 dep5ds on ! creation ( a good environm5t1 & ! fitt+ ( ! race to t environm5t4 ,e improvem5t 9 ! environm5t %\ld br+ ab\t a correspond+ biological adaptation4 ,! two factors 9 evolution mu/ g side by side1 if ! race is to progress 9 :at ! human m9d consid]s ! direction ( advancem5t4 ,9 ?is s5se1 eu!nics & eug5ics be> ! same relation to human progress z a man's two legs d to 8 locomotion4 ,social work]s 9 purely eu!nic fields h frequ5tly fail$ to rememb] ?is process ( adaptation1 9 _! ef=ts to *ange ! environm5t4 ,eug5i/s1 9 c5t]+ _! att5tion on adaptation1 h sometimes paid too little att5tion to ! k9d ( environm5t to :i* ! race 0 be+ adapt$4 ,! pres5t book holds t ! second factor is j z important z ! fir/1 = racial progress2 t "o leg is j z important z ! o!r1 to a p$e/rian4 ,its only conflict ) eu!nics app]ta9s to su* eu!nic measures z impair ! adaptability ( ! race to ! bett] environm5t !y are try+ to make4 ,"s suppos$ly eu!nic measures oppos$ by eug5ics are n truly eu!nic1 z = in/ance ! limitation ( a sup]ior family 9 ord] t all may get a college education4 ,= ^! spuri\s eu!nic measures1 some?+ truly eu!nic %\ld be sub/itut$4 ,measures :i* %[ a real conflict may be typifi$ by ! infant mortality movem5t4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t sanitation & hygi5e1 pr5atal c>e & intellig5t treatm5t ( mo!rs & babies1 are truly eu!nic & desirable4 ,at ! same "t1 z has be5 %[n1 ^! eu!nic measures result 9 ! survival ( inf]ior *ildr51 :o directly or ?r\gh _! po/]ity w be a drag on ! race4 ,eu!nic measures ( ?is type %\ld be accompani$ by c\nt]balanc+ measures ( a m eug5ic "*4 ,b>r+ ^! two types1 eu!nics =ms a necess>y concomitant ( ! eug5ic program2 &1 z we h tri$ to emphasize1 eug5ics is likewise necess>y to ! complete success ( e eu!nic program4 ,h[ fooli%1 !n1 is antagonism betwe5 ! two =ces6 ,bo? are work+ t[>d ! same end ( human bett]m5t1 & nei!r c succe$ )\t ! o!r4 ,:5 ei!r attempts to elim9ate ! o!r f its "w1 x ceases to advance t[>d its goal4 ,9 :i* camp "o works is l>gely a matt] ( ta/e4 ,if on a road !re is a gradi5t to be level$1 x w be br\ght d[n mo/ quickly by two p>ties ( workm51 "o cutt+ away at ! top1 ! o!r fill+ 9 ! bottom4 ,= ! two p>ties to indulge 9 mutual scorn & recrim9ation w\ld be no m absurd ?an = eug5ics & eu!nics to be put 9 opposition to ea* o!r4 ,! only reason !y h be5 9 opposition is because "s ( ! work]s did n cle>ly und]/& ! nature ( _! "w4 ,) ! dissem9ation ( a k ( biology1 ?is gr\nd ( antagonism w disappe>4 ,,app5dix ,a ,,ov>ian ,,transplantation ,9 #ahij1 ,w4 ,heape publi%$ an acc\nt ( "s exp]im5ts ) rabbits4 ,tak+ ! f]tiliz$ egg ( an angora rabbit 7i4 e41 a long-hair$1 :ite "o7 f ! oviduct ( its "m previ\s to its atta*m5t to ! wall ( ! ut]us1 he transf]r$ x to ! ut]us ( a ,belgian h>e1 a rabbit :i* is %ort-hair$ & gray4 ,! egg develop$ normally 9 ! new body & produc$ an animal ) all ! *>act]i/ics1 z f> z c\ld be se51 ( ! real "m1 r ?an ! fo/]-"m4 ,its coat 0 long & :ite1 & !re 0 n ! slighte/ trace ( influ5ce ( ! %ort1 gray-hair$ doe 9 ^: body x _h gr[n4 ,"h 0 a case 9 :i* environm5t c]ta9ly fail$ to %[ any modify+ influ5ce4 ,b x 0 object$ t ! transplant$ egg 0 already full-gr[n & f]tiliz$ :5 ! transf] 0 made1 & t !re=e no modification ne$ be expect$4 ,if ! egg 7 transf]r$ at an e>li] /age1 x 0 ?\ght1 ! result might be diff]5t4 ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le & ,j4 ,c4 ,phillips !re=e und]took an exp]im5t to :i* ?is objection %\ld n be possible4#aie ,a female alb9o gu9ea-pig j atta9+ sexual maturity 0 by an op]ation depriv$ ( its ov>ies1 & in/ead ( ! remov$ ov>ies !re 7 introduc$ into h] body ! ov>ies ( a "y black female gu9ea-pig1 n yet sexually mature1 ag$ ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,! graft$ animal 0 n[ mat$ ) a male alb9o gu9ea-pig4 ,f num]\s exp]im5ts ) alb9o gu9ea-pigs x may be /at$ emphatically t normal alb9os mat$ toge!r1 )\t exception1 produce only alb9o "y1 & ! presumption is /rong1 !re=e1 t _h ?is female n be5 op]at$ on %e w\ld h done ! same4 ,%e produc$1 h[ev]1 by ! alb9o male ?ree litt]s ( "y1 :i* toge!r consi/$ ( six individuals1 all black4 ,! fir/ litt] ( "y 0 produc$ ab\t six mon?s aft] ! op]ation1 ! la/ ab\t "o ye>4 ,! transplant$ ov>ian tissue mu/ h rema9$ 9 its new environm5t !re=e f f\r to t5 mon?s be=e ! eggs atta9$ full gr[? & 7 dis*>g$2 ample "t1 x w\ld seem1 = ! influ5ce ( a =eign body ^u ! inh]itance to %[ itself 7 su* influ5ce possible4 ,:ile su* exp]im5ts mu/ n be /ret*$ too f>1 9 application to ! human species1 !y c]ta9ly (f] /rik+ evid5ce ( ! fact t ! *>act]s ( any individual are ma9ly due to some?+ 9 ! g]m-plasm1 & t ?is g]m-plasm is to a surpris+ degree indep5d5t ( any outside influ5ce1 ev5 su* an intimate influ5ce z t ( ! body ( ! "m 9 :i* x rea*es maturity4 ,,app5dix ,b ,,dynamic ,,evolution ,z ,c4 ,l4 ,r$field has secur$ consid]able publicity = 8 attempt to bol/] up ! ,lam>ckian !ory1 x des]ves a few words ( comm5t4 ,8 cont5tion is t ! en]gy 9 animals1 kn[n z intellig5ce & physical /r5g?1 is id5tical ) ! en]gy kn[n 9 me*anics1 & is gov]n$ by ! same laws4 ,he !re=e concludes t 7#a7 an animal /ores up en]gy 9 its body1 9 "s undescrib$ & my/ical way1 & 7#b7 t 9 "s equally undescrib$ & my/ical way x transmits ?is /or$-up en]gy to its (fspr+4 ,x foll[s t he ?9ks sup]ior (fspr+ are produc$ by p>5ts ( advanc$ age1 because ! latt] h _h m "t to d "w & /ore up en]gy = transmission4 ,9 8 own words3 ,educat+ ! gr&fa!r helps to make ! gr&son a sup]ior p]son4444 ,we are1 9 our inh]itance1 exactly :at our ance/ors made u by ! "w !y p]=m$ be=e reproduc+4 ,:e!r our desc5dants are to be bett] or worse ?an we are w dep5d ^u ! am\nt & k9d ( "w we d be=e we produce !m4 ,! "q ( ! influ5ce ( p>5tal age on ! *>act]s ( ! (fspr+ is "o ( great importance1 = ! solution ( :i* ! necess>y facts h n yet be5 ga!r$ toge!r4 ,! data compil$ by ,mr4 ,r$field are ( value1 b 8 int]pretation ( !m c n be accept$ = ! foll[+ reasons4 #a4 ,9 ! light ( mod]n psy*ology1 x is absurd to lump all sorts ( m5tal ability "u "o head1 & to suppose t ! fa!r's ex]cise ( reason+ p[]1 = example1 w /ore up en]gy to be manife/$ 9 ! (fspr+ 9 ! %ape ( executive or arti/ic ability4 ,m5tal abilities are mu* subdivid$ & are inh]it$ sep>ately4 ,mr4 ,r$field's idea ( ! process is mu* too crude4 ,moreov]1 ,mr4 ,r$field's :ole conception ( ! increase ( intellig5ce ) increase ( age 9 a p>5t %[s a disreg>d ( ! facts ( psy*ology4 ,z ,e4 ,a4 ,doll has po9t$ out1#aif 9 criticis+ ,mr4 ,r$field's rec5t & extreme claim t feeble-m9d$ness is ! product ( e>ly m>riage1 x is incorrect to speak ( #bj-1 #cj-1 or #dj-ye> /&>ds ( intellig5ce2 = rec5t rese>*es 9 measurem5t ( m5tal developm5t indicate t ! h]itable /&>d ( intellig5ce ( adults increases v little beyond ! age ( approximately #af ye>s4 ,a p]son #dj ye>s old has an additional exp]i5ce ( a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 & s has a l>g] m5tal cont5t1 b 8 intellig5ce is /ill ne>ly at ! #af-ye> level4 ,m5tal activity is ! effect1 n ! cause1 ( m5tal gr[? or developm5t4 ,education m]ely turns inh]5t m5tal p[]s to good acc\nt2 x makes v little *ange 9 ^? p[]s !mselves4 ,to suppose t a fa!r c1 by /udy1 raise 8 innate level ( intellig5ce & transmit x at ! new level to 8 son1 is a nave idea :i* f9ds no w>rant 9 ! kn[n facts ( m5tal developm5t4 #b4 ,9 8 entire conception ( ! /or+-up & transmission ( en]gy1 ,mr4 ,r$field has fall5 victim to a confusion ( ideas due to ! use ( ! same ^w to mean two diff]5t ?+s4 ,he ?9ks ( en]gy z an eng9e]2 he decl>es ! body-cell is a /orage batt]y2 he believes t ! a?lete by p]=m+ "w /ores up en]gy 9 8 body 79 "s my/]i\s & unasc]ta9able way7 j z ! clock /ores up en]gy :5 x is w\nd4 ,! incorrectness ( suppos+ t ! s-call$ en]gy ( a man is ( t nature1 is rem>kable4 ,if1 he>+ ,bism>ck call$ a man ( iron1 "o %\ld analyze 8 rema9s to f9d out h[ mu* m iron he conta9$ ?an ord9>y m51 x w\ld be a p]=mance exactly comp>able to ,mr4 ,r$field's1 :5 he ?9ks ( a man's en]gy z some?+ /or$ up by "w4 ,z a fact1 a man conta9s less en]gy1 aft] ! p]=mance ( "w1 ?an he did at ! />t4 ,all ( 8 en]gy comes f ! metabolism ( food t he has previ\sly eat54 ,8 pot5tial en]gy is ! food /or$ up 9 8 body1 p>ticul>ly ! glycog5 9 ! liv] & muscles4#aig ,:y1 !n1 c "o man run fa/] ?an ano!r8 ,mr4 ,r$field ?9ks x is because ! spr9t] has1 by previ\s "w1 /or$ up en]gy 9 8 body1 :i* c>ries him ov] ! c\rse m rapidly ?an ! slugg>d :o has n be5 subject$ to sy/ematic tra9+4 ,b ! diff]5ces 9 m5's ability are n due to ! am\nt ( en]gy !y h /or$ up4 ,x is due r to diff]5ces 9 _! /ructure 7us+ ?is ^w 9 a v broad s5se71 :i* produce diff]5ces 9 ! effici5cy ) :i* !y c use ! /or$-up en]gy 7i4e41 food7 9 _! bodies4 ,a fat ,%or?orn bull conta9s mu* m /or$-up en]gy ?an does a race horse1 b ! latt] has ! bett] /ructure--cord9ation ( muscles ) n]v\s sy/em1 9 p>ticul>--& !re is nev] any d\bt ab\t h[ a race betwe5 ! two w end4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! results a*iev$ by a highly educat$ ?9k] & a l[-grade moron are simil>ly diff]5ces 9 /ructural effici5cy3 ! moron may eat mu* m1 & !reby h m pot5tial en]gy1 ?an ! s*ol>2 b ! ma*9e1 ! bra91 c n utilize x4 ,! effects ( tra9+ are n to /ore up en]gy 9 ! body1 = x has be5 prov$ t "w decreases r ?an increases ! am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! body4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t tra9+ increases a man's effici5cy8 ,x is obvi\sly by improv+ 8 /ructure1 & probably ! mo/ important "p ( ?is improvem5t is 9 br++ ab\t bett] relations betwe5 ! muscles & ! n]ves4 ,to pursue ! analogy :i* ,mr4 ,r$field s (t5 misuses1 ! effect ( tra9+ on ! human ma*9e is m]ely to oil ! be>+s & /raight5 out b5t p>ts1 to make x a m effici5t trans=m] ( ! en]gy t is suppli$ to x4 ,! f\ndation /one ( ,mr4 ,r$field's hypo!sis is 8 idea t ! animal by work+ /ores up en]gy4 ,?is idea is ! exact rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,:ile ! facts :i* ,mr4 ,r$field has ga!r$ des]ve mu* /udy1 8 idea ( ,dynamic ,evolution ne$ n be tak5 s]i\sly4#aih ,,app5dix ,c ,,! ,,melt+ ,,pot ,am]ica z ! ,melt+ ,pot ( peoples is a picture (t5 drawn by writ]s :o d n tr\ble !mselves z to ! precision ( _! figures ( spee*4 ,x has be5 suppos$ by _m t all ! racial /ocks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 t5d+ t[>d a uni=m type4 ,!re has nev] be5 any real evid5ce on :i* to base su* a view1 & ! /udy complet$ 9 #aiag by ,dr4 ,ales ,hrdlicka1 curator ( ! division ( physical an?ropology ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum1 furni%es evid5ce aga9/ x4 ,he exam9$ #djj individuals ( ! ,old ,:ite ,am]ican /ock1 t is1 p]sons all ( ^: ance/ors _h be5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z f> z ! f\r? asc5d+ g5]ation4 ,he f\nd little or no evid5ce t h]$it>y traits _h be5 alt]$4 ,ev5 ! desc5dants ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 ! ,virg9ia cavali]s1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,dut* & ! ,hugu5ots1 :ile possibly n z mu* unlike z _! ance/ors 71 are 9 no s5se a bl5d4 ,! ,melt+ ,pot1 x mu/ be conclud$1 is a figure ( spee*2 & z f> z physical an?ropology is conc]n$1 x w n be any?+ m 9 ?is c\ntry1 at lea/ = _m c5turies4 ,ann\nc+ ! results ( /udy ( ! fir/ #ajj males & #ajj females ( 8 s]ies1#aii ,dr4 ,hrdlicka said1 ,! mo/ /rik+ result ( ! exam9ations is ! great range ( v>iation among ,old ,am]icans 9 ne>ly all ! important measurem5ts4 ,! range ( v>iation is su* t 9 "s ( ! mo/ significant det]m9ations x equals n only ! v>iation ( any "o gr\p1 b ! comb9$ v>iations ( all ! gr\ps t ent] into ! composition ( ! ,am]icans4 ,?is fact w\ld be int]pret$ by ! g5etici/ z an evid5ce ( hybridity4 ,x is cle> t1 at ! v beg9n+1 a numb] ( div]se1 al?\gh n widely diff]+1 /ocks mu/ h made up ! colonial population2 & int]m>riage & ! influ5ce ( ! environm5t h n weld$ ^! /ocks into "o bl5d1 b h m]ely produc$ a mosaic-l mixture4 ,?is is good evid5ce ( ! p]man5ce ( inh]it$ traits1 al?\gh x mu/ be qualifi$ by ! /atem5t t x does n apply equally to all features ( ! body1 ! face1 h&s & feet hav+ be5 f\nd less v>iable1 = in/ance1 ?an /ature & =m ( head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mean ,,man ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,:ite ,,am]ican ,,/ock ,,fig4 #de4--;,an?ropologi/s h an ideal mean man1 ^: e feature measures ! ari?metic mean or av]age ( t feature 9 all ! individuals ( 8 race4 ,! above diagram drawn to scale f ,dr4 ,hrdlivcka's measurem5ts repres5ts ! mean man ( ,colonial ance/ry4 ,! outl9e ( ! face is almo/ oblong2 ! head is high & well-develop$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! regions :i* are popul>ly suppos$ to d5ote sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,9 g5]al1 x is a highly specializ$ type1 d5ot+ an advanc$ evolution4 ,! /ature ( bo? ,am]ican m5 & wom5 is high1 high] ?an ! av]age ( any ,european nation except ! ,scot*4 ,! individual v>iation is1 h[ev]1 enorm\s1 am\nt+ to #af4d ( ! av]age 9 males & ne>ly #af 9 females4 ,= males1 #agd cm4 is ! av]age height1 = females #afb4 ,! arm spread 9 males is great] ?an _! /ature1 9 females x is less4 ,! av]age weight ( ! males is #aed lbs4typo3 miss+ comma8 ( ! females #acj4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! tall /ature1 ^! weights are ab\t equal to ^? among ,europeans4 ,! g5]al proportions ( ! body mu/ be class$ z m$ium1 b great fluctuations are %[n4 ,! face is1 9 g5]al1 high & oval2 9 females x occasionally gives ! impression ( n>r[ness4 ,! =ehead is well develop$ 9 bo? sexes4 ,! nose is preval5tly long & ( m$ium bread?1 its proportions be+ practically id5tical ) ^? ( ! mod]n ,engli%4 ,! e>s are long] ?an ^? ( any mod]n immigrants except ! ,engli%4 ,! m\? %[s m$ium bread? 9 bo? sexes1 & its av]ages exactly equal ^? obta9$ = mod]n ,fr5*4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ results is t !re 7 obta9$ among ^! fir/ #bjj individuals /udi$ no pron\nc$ blonds1 al?\gh ! ance/ry is ,nor? ,european1 :]e blondness is m or less preval5t4#bjj ,! exact di/ribution is3 ,male ,female ,light-br[n #ab #af ,m$ium-br[n to d>k #gg #fh ,v d>k #aa #f ,gold5-r$ & r$ #j #aj ,dr4 ,hrdlicka's classification ( ! eye is z foll[s3 ,male ,female ,gray #b #d ,gre5i% #g #aj ,blues #ed #ej ,br[ns #cg #cf ,! head among ,old ,am]icans is 9 _m cases notable = its good developm5t1 p>ticul>ly 9 males4 ,among #ab gr\ps ( male immigrants#bja measur$ at ,ellis ,isl& "u ,dr4 ,hrdlicka's direction 9 rec5t ye>s1 n "o gr\p q equals 9 ?is respect ! ,am]icans1 ! ne>e/ approa* be+ not$ 9 ! ,iri%1 ,bohemians1 ,engli%1 ,poles1 & ,nor? ,italians4 ,! type ( head1 h[ev]1 diff]s among ! ,am]icans v widely1 z is ! case ) mo/ civiliz$ races at ! pres5t day4 ,head =m is mo/ conv5i5tly express$ by means ( ! cephalic index1 t is1 ! ratio ( bread? to l5g?4 ,an?ropologi/s g5]ally speak ( any "o ) an index ( #ge 7or :]e ! bread? is #ge ( ! l5g?7 & bel[ ?is z doli*ocephalic1 or long-head$2 f #ge to #hj is ! class ( ! mesocephalic1 int]m$iates2 :ile above #hj is t ( ! subbra*ycephalic & bra*ycephalic1 or r\nd-head$4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! ,old ,am]icans fall into ! int]m$iate class1 ! av]age index ( males be+ #gh4c & t ( females #gi4e4 ,b>r+ a few ,fr5* ,hugu5ots1 ! ,old ,am]icans consid]$ "h are mo/ly ( ,briti% ance/ry1 & _! head =m corresponds r closely to t ( ! ,engli% ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ,engl&1 z is well kn[n1 ! r\nd-head$ type ( ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe1 ! ,alp9e or ,celto-,slav type1 has few repres5tatives4 ,! population is compos$ pr9cipally ( long-head$ peoples1 d]iv+ f ! two great ,european /ocks1 ! ,nordic & ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,to ! latt] ! frequ5cy ( d>k hair & br[n eyes is probably due1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,:ile ! av]age ( ! ,old ,am]icans corresponds closely to ! av]age ( ! ,engli%1 !re is a great deal ( v>iation 9 bo? c\ntries4 ,un=tunately1 x is impossible to comp>e ! pres5t ,am]icans ) _! ance/ors1 because measurem5ts ( ! latt] are lack+4 ,b to assume t ! e>ly coloni/s did n diff] greatly f ! mod]n ,engli% is probably ju/ifiable4 ,a comp>ison ( mod]n ,am]icans 7( ! old :ite /ock7 ) mod]n ,engli% %\ld give basis = an op9ion z to :e!r ! ,engli% /ock und]w5t any m>k$ modifications1 on com+ to a new environm5t4 ,x has already be5 not$ t ! av]age cephalic index is practically ! same2 ! only possibility ( a *ange !n lies 9 ! am\nt ( v>iability4 ,is ! ,am]ican /ock m or less v>iable8 ,c a melt+ pot influ5ce be se51 t5d+ to produce homog5eity1 or has *ange ( environm5t r produc$ great] v>iability1 z is sometimes said to be ! case8 ,! am\nt ( v>iability is mo/ conv5i5tly measur$ by a coeffici5t kn[n z ! /&>d deviation 7,greek3 s71 :i* is small :5 ! range ( v>iation is small1 b l>ge :5 div]sity ( mat]ial is great4 ,! foll[+ comp>isons ( ! po9t at issue may be made4#bjb ,avg4 ,greek3 s #ajj ,am]ican m5 #gh4c #c4a #ajaa ,cambridge graduates 7,engli% males7 #gi4he #b4ie ,= ! m51 little diff]5ce is disc]nible4 ,! ,old ,am]icans are slightly m long-head$ ?an ! ,engli%1 b ! am\nt ( v>iation 9 ?is trait is ne>ly ! same on ! two sides ( ! ocean4 ,! av]age ( ! ,am]ican wom5 is #gi4e ) ,greek3 s #b4f4 ,no suitable s]ies ( ,engli% wom5 has be5 f\nd = comp>ison47#bjc7 ,x w be not$ t ! ,am]ican wom5 are slightly m r\nd-head$ ?an ! m52 ?is is f\nd regul>ly to be ! case1 :5 comp>isons ( ! head =m ( ! two sexes are made 9 any race4 ,9 addition to e/abli%+ norms or /&>ds = an?ropological comp>ison1 ! ma9 object ( ,dr4 ,hrdlicka's /udy 0 to det]m9e :e!r ! desc5dants ( ! e>ly ,am]ican settl]s1 liv+ 9 a new environm5t & m or less con/antly int]m>ry+1 7 be+ amalgamat$ into a di/9ct sub-type ( ! :ite race4 ,x has be5 f\nd t su* amalgamation has n tak5 place to any important degree4 ,! p]si/5ce 9 h]$ity ( c]ta9 features1 :i* run d[n ev5 ?r\gh six or eight g5]ations1 is "o ( ! rem>kable results br\ght out by ! /udy4 ,if ! process c\ld cont9ue = a few hundr$ ye>s m1 ,dr4 ,hrdlicka ?9ks1 x might rea* a po9t :]e "o c\ld speak ( ! memb]s ( old ,am]ican families z ( a di/9ct /ock4 ,b s f> ?is po9t has n be5 rea*$2 ! ,am]icans are almo/ z div]se & v>iable1 x appe>s1 z 7 _! fir/ ance/ors 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,app5dix ,d ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,m5delism ,x is half a c5tury s9ce ! ,au/rian monk1 ,gregor ,m5del1 publi%$ 9 a prov9cial j\rnal ! results ( 8 n[ fam\s bre$+ exp]im5ts ) g>d5 peas4 ,!y lay unnotic$ until #aijj1 :5 ?ree o!r bre$]s ^: "w _h l$ !m to simil> conclusions1 almo/ simultane\sly discov]$ ! "w ( ,m5del & gave x to ! _w4 ,bre$+ along ! l9es m>k$ out by ,m5del at once became ! mo/ popul> me?od ( attack1 among ^? :o 7 /udy+ h]$ity4 ,x became an extremely complicat$ subject1 :i* c n be grasp$ )\t ext5d$ /udy1 b its fundam5tals c be briefly summ>iz$4 ,inh]it$ diff]5ces 9 individuals1 x w be admitt$1 are due to diff]5ces 9 _! g]m-plasms4 ,x is conv5i5t to ?9k ( ^! diff]5ces 9 g]m-plasms 7t is1 diff]5ces 9 h]$ity7 z be+ due to ! pres5ce 9 ! g]m-plasm ( c]ta9 hypo!tical units1 :i* are usually ref]r$ to z factors4 ,! factor1 n[adays1 is ! ultimate unit ( ,m5delian rese>*4 ,ea* ( ^! factors is consid]$ to be ne>ly or q con/ant1--t is1 x und]goes little1 or no *ange f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,x is ord9>ily resi/ant to contam9ation by o!r factors ) :i* x may come 9 contact 9 ! cell4 ,! fir/ fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,m5delism1 !n1 is ! exi/5ce ( relatively con/ant units1 ! ,m5delian factors1 z ! basis = transmission ( all ! traits t g to make up an animal or plant4 ,exp]im5tal bre$+ gives reason to believe t ea* factor has "o or m alt]natives1 :i* may take its place 9 ! me*anism ( h]$ity1 !reby *ang+ ! visible "* ( ! individual plant or animal 9 :i* x occurs4 ,to put ! matt] a little diff]5tly1 "o g]m-cell diff]s f ano!r 9 hav+ alt]natives pres5t 9 place ( "s ( ! factors ( ! latt]4 ,a giv5 g]m-cell c nev] h m ?an "o ( ! possible alt]natives ( ea* factor4 ,^! alt]natives ( a factor are call$ its allelomorphs4 ,n[ a mature g]m-cell has a s+le sy/em ( ^! factors3 b :5 two g]m-cells unite1 !re result f t union two k9ds ( cells--namely1 immature g]m-cells & body-cells2 & bo? ^! k9ds ( cells conta9 a d\ble sy/em ( factors1 because ( c\rse !y h receiv$ a s+le entire sy/em f ea* p>5t4 ,?is is ! second ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,m5delism3 t ! factors are s+le 9 ! mature g]m-cell1 b 9 duplicate 9 ! body-cell 7& also 9 ! immature g]m-cell74 ,9 e cell ) a d\ble sy/em ( factors1 !re are necess>ily pres5t two repres5tatives f ea* set ( allelomorphs1 b ^! may or may n be alike--or 9 te*nical language ! individual may be homozyg\s1 or het]ozyg\s1 z reg>ds ! giv5 set ( alt]native factors4 ,look+ at x f ano!r angle1 !re is a s+le visible "* 9 ! plant or animal1 b x is produc$ by a d\ble factor1 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,:5 ! immature g]m-cell1 ) its d\ble sy/em ( factors1 matures1 x ?r[s out half ! factors1 reta9+ only a s+le sy/em3 & ! allelomorphic factors :i* !n segregate into diff]5t cells are1 z has be5 said above1 ord9>ily un9flu5c$ by _! /ay toge!r4 ,b ! allelomorphic factors are n ! only ones :i* are segregat$ into diff]5t g]m-cells1 at ! maturation ( ! cell2 = ! factors :i* are n alt]native are likewise di/ribut$1 m or less indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 s t x is l>gely a matt] ( *ance :e!r factors :i* ent] a cross 9 ! same g]m-cell1 segregate into ! same g]m-cell or diff]5t ones1 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,?is is ! next fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,m5delism1 usually compreh5d$ "u ! t]m segregation1 al?\gh1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 x is really a d\ble process1 ! segregation ( alt]native factors be+ a diff]5t ?+ f ! segregation ( non-alt]native factors4 ,f ?is fact ( segregation1 x foll[s t z _m k9ds ( g]m-cells c be =m$ by an individual1 z !re are possible comb9ations ( factors1 on tak+ "o alt]native f ea* pair ( allelomorphs pres5t4 ,9 practice1 ?is means t ! possible numb] ( diff]5t g]m-cells is almo/ inf9itely great1 z w\ld p]haps be suspect$ by anyone :o has tri$ to f9d two liv+ ?+s t are j alike4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>ri]s ,,( ,,h]$ity ,,fig4 #df4--,_m diff]5t l9es ( /udy h made x seem probable t mu*1 al?\gh n all1 ( ! h]$ity ( an animal or plant is c>ri$ 9 ! nucleus ( ! g]m-cell & t 9 ?is nucleus x is fur!r locat$ 9 little rods or ?reads :i* c be easily /a9$ s z to become visible1 & :i* h ! "n ( *romosomes4 ,9 ! above illu/ration f\r diff]5t views ( ! nucleus ( ! g]m-cell ( an e>?worm are %[n1 ) ! *romosomes 9 diff]5t /ages2 9 section #ai ea* *romosome is d\bl$ up l a hairp94 ,/udy ( ! fruit-fly ,drosophila has made x seem probable n only t ! hypo!tical factors ( h]$ity are locat$ 9 ! *romosomes1 b t ea* factor has a p]fectly def9ite location 9 its *romosome2 & ,t4 ,h4 ,morgan & 8 associates h work$ out an +5i\s me?od ( measur+ ! di/ance f ei!r end1 at :i* ! factor lies4 ,photomicrograph aft] ,foot & ,/robell4 ,su* is ! ess5ce ( ,m5delism2 & ! read] is probably ready to admit t x is n a simple matt]1 ev5 :5 r$uc$ to ! simple/ t]ms4 ,to sum up1 ! pr9cipal features at ! base ( ! hypo!tical /ructure are ^!3 #a4 ,!re exi/ relatively con/ant units 9 ! g]m-plasm4 #b4 ,!re are two v di/9ct relation%ips :i* ^! units may %[ to ea* o!r4 ,two 7or m7 unit factors may be alt]natives 9 ! me*anism ( inh]itance1 indicat+ t "o is a v>iation 7or loss7 ( ! o!r2 or !y may be indep5d5t ( ea* o!r 9 ! me*anism ( inh]itance4 #c4 ,! mature g]m-cell conta9s a s+le sy/em ( indep5d5t factors 7"o repres5tative f ea* set ( alt]nates74 ,! immature g]m-cells1 & body-cells1 h d\ble sy/ems ( indep5d5t factors 7two f ea* set ( alt]natives74 #d4 ,! d\ble sy/em arises simply f ! union ( two s+le sy/ems 7i4 e41 two g]m-cells71 )\t union or ev5 contam9ation ( ! factors involv$4 ,9 ! =mation ( a s+le sy/em 7mature g]m-cells7 f a d\ble 7immature g]m-cells71 pairs ( alt]nates sep>ate1 pass+ into diff]5t g]m-cells4 ,factors n alt]nates may or may n sep>ate--! di/ribution is l>gely a matt] ( *ance4 ,su* are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,m5delism2 b on !m 0 e>ly graft$ a !oretical /ructure due ma9ly to ! ,g]man zologi/1 ,augu/ ,weismann4 ,to und]/& 8 "p 9 ! /ory1 we mu/ adv]t to t mu* moot$ & too (t5 misund]/ood problem furni%$ by ! *romosomes4 7,see ,fig4 #df47 ,^! little rods ( easily /a9$ mat]ial1 :i* are f\nd 9 e cell ( ! body1 7 pick$ out by ,pr(essor ,weismann z ! probable c>ri]s ( h]$ity4 ,) rem>kable acut5ess1 he pr$ict$ _! behavior at cell-division1 ! intricate nature ( :i* is usually ! despair ( e beg9n] 9 biology4 ,:5 ,m5delian bre$+1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ?is c5tury1 %[$ tempor>y pair+ & subsequ5t sep>ation ( units 9 ! g]m-cell1 x 0 soon realiz$ t ! obs]v$ facts ( bre$+ fitt$ to a nicety ! obs]v$ facts 7pr$ict$ by ,weismann7 ( *romosome-behavior2 = at ea* cell-division ! *romosomes1 too1 pair & sep>ate aga94 ,! obs]v$ behavior ( transmitt$ *>act]s 9 animals & plants foll[$1 9 s _m cases1 ! obs]v$ behavior ( ! *romosomes1 t _m /ud5ts f\nd x almo/ impossible to believe t !re 0 no connection betwe5 ! two1 & ,dr4 ,weismann's pr$iction1 t ! *romosomes are ! c>ri]s ( h]$ity1 came to be look$ on z a fact1 by _m biologi/s4 ,b :5 s mu* ( ,pr(essor ,weismann's sy/em 0 accept$1 o!r p>ts ( x w5t along1 includ+ a hypo!tical sy/em ( det]m9]s 9 ! *romosome1 :i* 7 believ$ to det]m9e ! developm5t ( *>act]s 9 ! organism4 ,e trait ( an animal or plant1 x 0 suppos$1 mu/ be repres5t$ 9 ! g]m-plasm by its own det]m9]2 "o trait1 "o det]m9]4 ,did a not* 9 ! e> run ?r\gh a p$igree8 ,!n x mu/ be due to a det]m9] = a not* 9 ! e> 9 ! g]m-plasm4 ,0 ma!matical ability h]$it>y8 ,!n !re mu/ be a det]m9]1 ! expression ( :i* 0 ma!matical ability4 ,= a :ile1 ?is hypo!sis 0 ( s]vice 9 ! developm5t ( g5etics2 "s /ud5ts ev5 began to =get t x 0 a hypo!sis1 & to talk z if x 7 a fact4 ,b ! exhau/ive te/s ( exp]im5tal bre$+ ( plants & animals h long caus$ mo/ ( ! advanc$ /ud5ts ( g5etics to drop ?is simple hypo!sis4 ,9 its place /&s ! factorial hypo!sis1 evolv$ by work]s 9 ,am]ica1 ,engl&1 & ,france at ab\t ! same "t4 ,z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,v1 ?is hypo!sis c>ries ! assumption t e visible "* is due to ! effects ( n "o b _m factors 9 ! g]m-cell4 ,9 addition to ^! fundam5tals1 !re are num]\s ext5sions & coroll>ies1 "s ( !m ( a highly speculative nature4 ,! read] :o is int]e/$ 9 pursu+ ! subject f>!r mu/ turn to "o ( ! text-books on ,m5delism4 ,9 plant-bre$+ a good deal ( progress has be5 made 9 ! exact /udy ( ,m5delian h]$ity2 9 animal bre$+1 some:at less2 9 human h]$ity1 v little4 ,! reason is obvi\s3 t exp]im5ts c n be made 9 man1 & /ud5ts mu/ dep5d on ! results ( su* mat+s z !y c f9d2 t only a v few (fspr+ result f ea* mat+2 & t g5]ations are s long t no "o obs]v] c h m ?an a few "u 8 eyes4 ,^! difficulties make ,m5delian rese>* 9 man a v sl[ & unc]ta9 matt]4 ,altoge!r1 x is probable t some?+ l a hundr$ *>act]s 9 man h be5 po9t$ out z inh]it$ 9 ,m5delian fa%ion4 ,a l>ge "p ( ^! are pa?ological conditions or r>e abnormalities4 ,b ! pres5t writ]s c n accept mo/ ( ^! cases4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,v t !re are good reasons = d\bt+ t feeble-m9d$ness is inh]it$ 9 a simple ,m5delian fa%ion1 al?\gh x is widely accept$ z su*4 ,we c n help feel+ t 9 mo/ cases h]$ity 9 man is be+ made to appe> mu* simpl] ?an x really is2 & t p>ticul>ly 9 m5tal *>act]s1 analysis ( traits has by no means rea*$ ! bottom4 ,if we 7 ask$ to make out a li/ ( *>act]s1 z to ! ,m5delian inh]itance ( :i* !re c\ld be little d\bt1 we w\ld h>dly be able to g f>!r ?an ! foll[+3 ,! sex-l9k$ *>act]s 7"o k9d ( color-bl9dness1 hemophilia1 "o k9d ( night-bl9dness1 atrophy ( ! optic n]ve1 & a few o!r r>e abnormalities74 ,alb9ism4 ,?is appe>s to be a recessive1 b probably involves multiple allelomorphs 9 man1 z 9 o!r animals4 ,bra*ydactyly1 app>5tly a dom9ant4 ,?is is s mu* cit$ 9 text-books on ,m5delism t ! /ud5t might ?9k x is a common "*4 ,z a fact1 x is extremely r>e1 be+ f\nd 9 only a few families4 ,! simil> trait ( or?odactyly or symphalangism1 :i* likewise appe>s to be a good ,m5delian dom9ant1 seems to exi/ 9 only "o family4 ,traits l ^!1 :i* are easily def9$ & occur v r>ely1 make up a l>ge "p ( ! cases ( probably ,m5delian h]$ity4 ,!y are little m ?an curiosities1 _! r>ity & abnormal nature depriv+ !m ( evolution>y significance o!r ?an to demon/rate t ,m5delian h]$ity does op]ate 9 man4 ,:ite blaze 9 ! hair or1 z x might bett] be call$ to %[ its resemblance to ! trait f\nd 9 o!r mammals1 piebaldism4 ,a r r>e dom9ant4#bjd ,hunt+ton's ,*orea1 :i* usually appe>s to be a good dom9ant1 al?\gh ! la/ inve/igators 7,muncey & ,dav5port7 f\nd "s uncon=mable cases4 ,a few abnormalities1 su* z a premature gray+ ( ! hair 7"o family cit$ by ,k4 ,pe>son7 are well en\gh atte/$ to be admitt$4 ,_m o!rs1 su* z baldness1 are probably ,m5delian b n yet suffici5tly support$ by evid5ce4 ,none ( ^! *>act]s1 x w be obs]v$1 is ( mu* significance eug5ically4 ,if ! exact mann] ( inh]itance ( "s ( ! m important m5tal & physical traits 7 kn[n1 x w\ld be ( value4 ,b x is n a pr]equisite = eug5ic action4 ,en\gh is kn[n = a work+ program4 ,to sum up3 ! features 9 ! mod]n view ( h]$ity1 :i* ! read] mu/ keep 9 m9d1 are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,t ! v>i\s *>act]s :i* make up ! physical con/itution ( any individual plant or animal are due to ! action 7concurr5tly ) ! environm5t1 ( c\rse7 ( :at are call$1 = conv5i5ce1 factors1 sep>able hypo!tical units 9 ! g]m-plasm1 capable ( indep5d5t transmission4 #b4 ,t ea* visible "* is due to ! cop]ative action ( an indef9itely l>ge numb] ( factors2 conv]sely1 t ea* ( ^! factors affects an indef9itely l>ge numb] ( *>act]s4 ,,app5dix ,e ,,useful ,,works ,,( ,,ref]5ce ,! mo/ complete bibliography is t publi%$ by ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york 7,eug5ics & ,social ,welf>e ,bullet9 ,no4 ,,iii1 pp4 #acj1 ,albany1 #aiac74 ,an int]e/+ hi/orical review ( eug5ics1 ) critical comm5ts on ! lit]ature & a bibliography ( #ajj titles1 0 publi%$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,hamilton 9 ! ,p$agogical ,sem9>y1 ,vol4 ,,xxi1 pp4 #bh-fa1 ,m>*1 #aiad4 ,mu* ( ! important lit]ature ( eug5ics has be5 m5tion$ 9 footnotes4 ,= conv5i5ce1 a few ( ! books :i* are likely to be mo/ useful to ! /ud5t are "h li/$3 ,,g5etics ,,& ,,eug5ics1 by ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le4 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,cambridge1 #aiaf4 ,,h]$ity ,,& ,,environm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,m51 by ,edw9 ,g4 ,conkl94 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiae4 ,,h]$ity ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,eug5ics1 by ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 ,h5ry ,holt & ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,,essays ,,9 ,,eug5ics1 by ,francis ,galton4 ,eug5ics ,education ,society1 ,london1 #aiji4 ,,be+ ,,well-,,born1 by ,mi*ael ,f4 ,guy]4 ,indianapolis1 ,bobbs-,m]rill ,co41 #aiaf4 ,,! ,,social ,,direction ,,( ,,human ,,evolution1 by ,w4 ,e4 ,kellicott4 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,,! ,,physical ,,basis ,,( ,,society1 by ,c>l ,kelsey4 ,new ,york1 ,d4 ,appleton ,co41 #aiaf4 ,,eug5ics1 by ,edw>d ,s*u/]4 ,coll9s' ,cle> ,type ,press1 ,london & ,glasg[1 #aiac4 ,,h]$ity1 by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?ompson4 ,ed9burgh1 #aijh4 ,,g5etics1 by ,h]b]t ,e4 ,walt]4 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiac4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,eug5ics1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am & ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am4 ,macmillan & ,co41 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,h]$ity ,,& ,,society1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am & ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am4 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,! ,,family ,,& ,,! ,,nation1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am & ,c4 ,d4 ,:e?am4 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 ,london1 #aiji4 ,! publications ( ! ,galton ,laboratory ( ,national ,eug5ics1 ,univ]sity ( ,london1 direct$ by ,k>l ,pe>son1 & ( ! ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice1 ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 direct$ by ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 furni% a con/antly increas+ am\nt ( orig9al mat]ial on h]$ity4 ,! pr9cipal p]iodicals are ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity 7organ ( ! ,am]ican ,g5etic ,association71 #eaa ,elev5? ,/41 ,n4 ,w41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 7mon?ly72 & ! ,eug5ics ,review 7organ ( ! ,eug5ics ,education ,society71 ,k+sway ,h\se1 ,k+sway1 ,w4 ,c41 ,london 7qu>t]ly74 ,^! p]iodicals are s5t free to memb]s ( ! respective societies4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! ,am]ican organization is #b a ye>1 9 ! ,engli% #a gu9ea a ye>1 associate memb]%ip #e %ill+s a ye>4 ,,app5dix ,f ,,gloss>y ,,acquir$ ,,"*1 a modification ( a g]m9al trait aft] cell fusion4 ,x is difficult to draw a l9e betwe5 *>act]s t are acquir$ & ^? t are inborn4 ,! idea involv$ is z foll[s3 9 a /&>d environm5t1 a giv5 factor 9 ! g]m-plasm w develop into a trait :i* v>ies n v widely ab\t a c]ta9 mean4 ,! mean ( ?is trait is tak5 z repres5t+ ! g]m9al trait 9 its typical condition4 ,b if ! environm5t be n /&>d1 if x be consid]ably *ang$1 ! trait w develop a v>iation f> f ! mean ( t trait 9 ! species4 ,?us an ,am]ican1 ^: sk9 9 ! /&>d environm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be blonde1 may "u ! environm5t ( ,cuba develop into a brunette4 ,su* a wide v>iation f ! mean ?us caus$ is call$ an acquir$ "*2 x is usually impress$ on ! organism aft] ! g]m9al trait has rea*$ a full1 typical developm5t4 ,,allelomorph 7"o ano!r =m71 "o ( a pair ( factors :i* are alt]native to ea* o!r 9 ,m5delian inh]itance4 ,in/ead ( a s+le pair1 !re may be a gr\p ( multiple allelomorphs1 ea* memb] be+ alt]native to e o!r memb] ( ! gr\p4 ,,allelomorphism1 a relation betwe5 two or m factors1 su* t two :i* are pres5t 9 "o zygote d n bo? ent] into ! same gamete1 b are sep>at$ into si/] gametes4 ,,biometry 7life measure71 ! /udy ( biology by /ati/ical me?ods4 ,,bra*ydactyly 7%ort-f+]71 a condition 9 :i* ! bones1 p>ticul>ly ( ! f+]s & toes1 fail to gr[ to _! normal l5g?4 ,9 well-m>k$ cases "o ( ^! is a r$uction f ?ree phalanges or jo9ts to two4 ,,"* 7a contraction ( *>act]i/ic71 a t]m :i* is us$1 (t5 r vaguely1 to designate any function1 feature1 or organ ( ! body or m9d4 ,,*romosome 7color body1 s call$ f its aff9ity = c]ta9 /a9s71 a body ( peculi> protoplasm1 9 ! nucleus ( ! cell4 ,ea* species has its own *>act]i/ic numb]2 ! cells ( ! human body conta9 #bd *romosomes ea*4 ,,cong5ital 7) bir?71 pres5t at bir?4 ,! t]m fails to di/+ui% betwe5 traits :i* are actually inh]it$1 & modifications acquir$ dur+ pr5atal life4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( cle> ?9k+ its use %\ld be avoid$ s f> z possible4 ,,correlation 7toge!r relation71 a relation betwe5 two v>iables 9 a c]ta9 population1 su* t = e v>iation ( "o1 !re is a correspond+ v>iation ( ! o!r4 ,ma!matically1 two correlat$ v>iables are ?us mutually dep5d5t4 ,b a correlation is m]ely a /ati/ical description ( a p>ticul> case1 & 9 "s o!r population ! same two v>iables might be correlat$ 9 a diff]5t way1 o!r influ5ces be+ at "w on !m4 ,,cytology 7cell ^w71 ! /udy ( ! cell1 ! con/itu5t unit ( organisms4 ,,det]m9] 7completely end71 an elem5t or condition 9 a g]m-cell1 suppos$ to be ess5tial to ! developm5t ( a p>ticul> quality1 feature1 or mann] ( reaction ( ! organism :i* arises f t g]m-cell4 ,! ^w is gradually fall+ into disuse1 & factor tak+ its place4 ,,dom9ance 7ma/]y71 9 ,m5delian hybrids ! capacity ( a "* :i* is d]iv$ f only "o ( two g5]at+ gametes to develop to an ext5t ne>ly or q equal to t exhibit$ by an individual :i* has d]iv$ ! same "* f bo? ( ! g5]at+ gametes4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( dom9ance ! giv5 "* ( ! hybrid usually pres5ts a bl5d or int]m$iate condition betwe5 ! two p>5ts4 ,,dysg5ic 7bad orig971 t5d+ to impair ! racial qualities ( future g5]ations2 ! opposite ( eug5ic4 ,,endogamy 7)9 mat+71 a cu/om ( "s primitive peoples1 9 compliance ) :i* a man mu/ *oose 8 wife f 8 own gr\p 7clan1 g5s1 tribe1 etc474 ,,eug5ic 7good orig971 t5d+ to improve ! racial qualities ( future g5]ations1 ei!r physical or m5tal4 ,,eu!nic 7good ?riv+71 t5d+ to produce b5eficial acquir$ *>act]s or bett] conditions = p to live 91 b n t5d+ 7except incid5tally & indirectly7 to produce p :o c h& on ! improvem5t by h]$ity4 ,,evolution 7unroll71 ,,organic1 ! progressive *ange ( liv+ =ms1 usually associat$ ) ! developm5t ( complex f simple =ms4 ,,exogamy 7out mat+71 a cu/om ( primitive peoples :i* requires a man to *oose a wife f "s o!r gr\p 7clan1 g5s1 tribe1 etc47 ?an 8 own4 ,,factor 7mak]71 a "n giv5 to ! hypo!tical some?+1 ! indep5d5tly inh]itable elem5t 9 ! g]m-cell1 ^: pres5ce is necess>y to ! developm5t ( a c]ta9 inh]it$ "* or *>act]s or contributes ) o!r factors to ! developm5t ( a "*4 ,g5e & det]m9] are sometimes us$ z synonyms ( factor4 ,,feeble-,,m9d$ness1 a condition 9 :i* m5tal developm5t is ret>d$ or incomplete4 ,x is a relative t]m1 s9ce an individual :o w\ld be feeble-m9d$ 9 "o society might be normal or ev5 bright 9 ano!r4 ,! cu/om>y crit]ion is ! inability ( ! individual1 because ( m5tal defect exi/+ f an e>ly age1 to compete on equal t]ms ) 8 normal fell[s1 or to manage himself or 8 affairs ) ord9>y prud5ce4 ,am]ican /ud5ts usually di/+ui% ?ree grades ( m5tal defect3 ,idiots are ^? :o are unable to take c>e ( !mselves1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( gu>d+ aga9/ common physical dang]s or satisfy+ physical ne$s4 ,_! m5tality does n progress beyond t ( a normal two-ye>-old *ild4 ,imbeciles c c>e = !mselves aft] a fa%ion1 b are unable to e>n _! liv+4 ,_! m5tal ages range f ?ree to sev5 ye>s1 inclusive4 ,morons1 :o correspond to ! common acceptation ( ! t]m feeble-m9d$1 c "u prop] direction become m or less self-support+ b !y are z a rule incapable ( und]tak+ affairs :i* dem& judgm5t or involve unre/rict$ competition ) normal individuals4 ,_! intellig5ce ranges ) t ( normal *ildr5 f sev5 to twelve ye>s ( age4 ,!re is necess>ily a consid]able bord]l9e1 b any adult ^: intellig5ce is beyond t ( ! normal twelve-ye>-old *ild is usually consid]$ to be n feeble-m9d$4 ,,gamete 7mate71 a mature g]m-cell2 9 animals an ovum or sp]matozon4 ,,g5etics 7orig9s71 = a long "t meant ! /udy ( evolution by exp]im5tal bre$+ & 0 (t5 synonom\s ) ,m5delism4 ,x is gradually return+ to its broad]1 orig9al mean+ ( ! /udy ( v>iation & h]$ity1 t is1 ! orig9 ( ! individual's traits4 ,?is broad] mean+ is pref]able4 ,,g]m9al 7sprig71 due to some?+ pres5t 9 ! g]m-cell4 ,a trait is g]m9al :5 its basis is inh]it$1--z eye color1--& :5 x develops ) no?+ m ?an ! /&>d environm5t2 rema9+ relatively con/ant f "o g5]ation to ano!r1 except z influ5c$ by reproduction4 ,,g]m-,,plasm 7sprig =m71 mature g]m-cells & ! liv+ mat]ial f :i* !y are produc$4 ,h,,mophilia 7blood love71 an inability ( ! blood to clot4 ,x ?us becomes impossible to /op ! fl[ ( blood f a cut1 & "o :o has inh]it$ hmophilia usually dies soon] or lat] f hmorrhage4 ,,h]$ity 7heir%ip71 is usually consid]$ f ! outside1 :5 x may prop]ly be def9$ z organic resemblance bas$ on desc5t1 or ! correlation betwe5 relatives4 ,b a bett] def9ition1 bas$ on ! results ( g5etics1 looks at x z a me*anism1 n z an ext]nal appe>ance4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 h]$ity may be said to be ! p]si/5ce ( c]ta9 cell-con/itu5ts 79 ! g]m-cells7 ?r\gh an un5d+ numb] ( cell-divisions4 ,,het]ozygote 7diff]5t yolk71 a zygotic individual :i* conta9s bo? memb]s ( an allelomorphic pair4 ,,homozygote 7same yolk71 an individual :i* conta9s only "o memb] ( an allelomorphic pair1 b conta9s t 9 duplicate1 hav+ receiv$ x f bo? p>5ts4 ,a homozyg\s individual1 hav+ be5 =m$ by ! union ( l gametes1 9 turn regul>ly produces gametes ( only "o k9d ) respect to any giv5 factor1 ?us giv+ rise to (fspr+ :i* are1 9 ?is reg>d1 l ! p>5ts2 9 o!r words1 homozygotes regul>ly bre$ true4 ,an individual may be a homozygote ) respect to "o factor & a het]ozygote ) respect to ano!r4 ,,hormones 7*a971 ! secretions ( v>i\s int]nal gl&s1 :i* are c>ri$ 9 ! blood & h an important specific influ5ce on ! gr[? & function+ ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 ,_! exact nature is n yet und]/ood4 ,,inborn usually means g]m9al1 z appli$ to a trait1 & x is s us$ 9 ?is book4 ,/rictly speak+1 h[ev]1 any trait :i* appe>s 9 a *ild at bir? might be call$ inborn1 & "s writ]s1 p>ticul>ly m$ical m51 ?us ref] to traits acquir$ 9 pr5atal life4 ,because ( ?is ambiguity ! ^w %\ld be c>efully def9$ :5 us$1 or avoid$4 ,,inh]5t 79 /ick71 z us$ 9 ?is book1 is synonym\s ) g]m9al4 ,,induction 79 lead71 a *ange br\ght ab\t 9 ! g]m-plasm ) ! effect ( tempor>ily modify+ ! *>act]s ( an individual produc$ f t g]m-plasm2 b n ( *ang+ 9 a def9ite & p]man5t way any su* g]m-plasm & !re=e any individual inh]it$ traits4 ,,innate 7inborn71 synonym\s ) inborn4 ,,lat5t 7lie hidd571 a t]m appli$ to traits or *>act]s ^: factors exi/ 9 ! g]m-plasm ( an individual1 b :i* are n visible 9 8 body4 ,,law1 9 natural sci5ce means a concise & compreh5sive description ( an obs]v$ uni=m sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,x is ?us q diff]5t f ! law ( juri/s1 :o mean a rule laid d[n = ! guidance ( an intellig5t be+1 by an intellig5t be+ hav+ p[] ov] him4 ,,m5delism1 a collection ( laws ( h]$ity 7see ,app5dix ,d7 s-call$ aft] ! discov]] ( ! fir/ ( !m to become kn[n2 also ! analytical /udy ( h]$ity ) a view to le>n+ ! con/itution ( ! g]m-cells ( animals & plants4 ,,m5delize1 to foll[ ,m5del's laws ( inh]itance4 ,,mores 7cu/oms71 ! approv$ cu/oms or unwritt5 laws ( a p2 ! conv5tions ( society2 popul> usage or folk-ways :i* are reputable4 ,,mutation 7*ange71 has n[ two accept$ mean+s3 7#a7 a pr(\nd *ange 9 ! g]m-plasm ( an organism su* z w produce num]\s *anges 9 its prog5y2 & 7#b7 a discont9u\s h]itable *ange 9 a ,m5delian factor4 ,x is us$ 9 ! fir/ s5se by ,de ,vries & o!r mutationi/s & 9 ! second s5se by ,morgan & o!r ,m5deli/s2 confusion has aris5 f failure to note ! diff]5ce 9 usage4 ,,normal ,,curve1 ! curve ( di/ribution ( v>iations ( some?+ ^: v>iations are due to a multiplicity ( causes act+ ne>ly equally 9 bo? directions4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by hav+ m individuals ( a m$iocre degree & progressively few] above & bel[ ?is mode4 ,,nucleus 7little nut71 a c5tral1 highly-organiz$ "p ( e liv+ cell1 :i* seems to play a directive rle 9 cell-developm5t & conta9s1 among o!r ?+s1 ! *romosomes4 ,,pat5t 7lie op571 a t]m appli$ to traits :i* are manife/ly repres5t$ 9 ! body z well z ! g]m-plasm ( an individual4 ,! conv]se ( lat5t4 ,,probability ,,curve1 ! same z normal curve4 ,also call$ a ,gaussian curve4 ,,protoplasm 7fir/ =m71 ! physical basis ( life2 a *emical comp\nd or probably an emulsion ( num]\s comp\nds4 ,x conta9s prote9s :i* diff] slightly 9 _m species ( organism4 ,x conta9s c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 sulphur1 & v>i\s salts1 b is s complex z to defy exhau/ive analysis4 ,,psy*iatry 7s\l heal+71 ! /udy ( diseases ( ! m9d4 ,,recessive 7draw back71 ! conv]se ( dom9ant2 appli$ to "o ( a pair ( contra/$ ,m5delian *>act]s :i* c n appe> 9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r4 ,,regression 7back g71 ! av]age v>iation ( "o v>iable = a unit v>iation ( a correlat$ v>iable4 ,,segregation 7aside flock71 7#a7 z us$ 9 eug5ics means ! policy ( isolat+ feeble-m9d$ & o!r anti-social individuals f ! normal population into in/itutions1 colonies1 etc41 :]e ! two sexes are kept ap>t4 7#b7 ,! t]m is also us$ te*nically 9 g5etics1 to ref] to ! discont9uity ( ! v>iation ( *>act]i/ics result+ f ! indep5d5t di/ribution ( factors be=e or at ! "t ( =mation ( ! gametes4 ,,selection 7ap>t pick71 ! *oice 7= p]petuation by reproduction7 f a mix$ population1 ( ! individuals possess+ 9 common a c]ta9 "* or a c]ta9 degree ( "s "*4 ,two k9ds ( selection may be di/+ui%$3 7#a7 natural selection1 9 :i* *oice is made automatically by ! failure to reproduce 7?r\gh dea? or "s o!r cause7 ( ! individuals :o are n fit to pass ! te/s ( ! environm5t 7vitality1 disease resi/ance1 spe$1 success 9 mat+1 or :at n72 & 7#b7 artificial selection1 9 :i* ! *oice is made consci\sly by man1 z a live/ock bre$]4 ,,sex-,,limit$1 a t]m appli$ to traits :i* diff] 9 ! two sexes1 because influ5c$ by ! hormones ( ! reproductive gl&s4 ,example1 ! be>d4 ,,sex-,,l9k$1 a t]m appli$ to traits :i* are connect$ ) sex accid5tally & n physiologically 9 developm5t4 ,! curr5t explanation is t su* traits happ5 to be 9 ! same *romosome z ! det]m9] ( mal5ess or femal5ess1 z ! case may be4 ,color-bl9dness is ! classical example 9 man4 ,,sexual ,,selection1 ! consci\s or unconsci\s pref]5ce by individuals ( "o sex1 or by t sex z a :ole1 = individuals ( ! o!r sex :o possess "s p>ticul> attribute or attributes 9 a degree above or bel[ ! av]age ( _! sex4 ,if ! deviation ( ! *os5 "* is 9 ! same direction 7plus or m9us7 z 9 ! *oos]1 ! mat+ is call$ assortative2 if 9 "o direction indep5d5t ( ! *>act]i/ic ( ! *oos]1 x is call$ pref]5tial4 ,,soma 7body71 ! body z di/+ui%$ f ! g]m-plasm4 ,f ?is po9t ( view e individual consi/s ( only two p>ts1--g]m-plasm & soma or somatoplasm4 ,,trait1 a t]m us$ by g5etici/s z a synonym ( "*4 ,,unit-,,"*1 9 ,m5delian h]$ity a "* or alt]native diff]5ce ( any k9d1 :i* is app>5tly n capable ( subdivision 9 h]$ity1 b is inh]it$ z a :ole1 & :i* is capable ( becom+ associat$ 9 new comb9ations ) o!r *>act]s4 ,! t]m is n[ go+ out ( use1 z x makes = cle>] ?9k+ ab\t h]$ity to fix ! att5tion on ! factors ( ! g]m-cells in/ead ( on ! *>act]s ( ! adult4 ,,v>iation1 a deviation 9 ! size1 %ape1 or o!r feature ( a "* or trait1 f ! mean or av]age ( t "* 9 ! species4 ,,ve/igial 7foot/ep71 a t]m appli$ to a "* :i* at "s "t 9 ! evolution>y hi/ory ( ! species possess$ importance1 or function$ fully1 b :i* has n[ lo/ its importance or its orig9al use1 s t x rema9s a m]e s\v5ir ( ! pa/1 9 a deg5]at$ condition4 ,example1 ! muscles :i* move a man's e>s4 ,,zygote 7yolk71 ! f]tiliz$ egg-cell2 ! unit$ cell =m$ by ! union ( ! ovum & sp]matozon aft] f]tilization4 ,,zymotic1 caus$ by a microrganism1--a t]m appli$ to diseases4 ,example1 tub]culosis4 ,,index ,a ,abd]hold51 ,e41 #dbb ,acquir$ "*1 #dcg ,adm9i/rative aspects1 #aid ,adult mortality1 #cde ,afghans1 #cba ,africa1 #bij1 #bia ,agriculture1 #cjg ,agu9aldo1 ,e41 #cad ,aims ( eug5ics1 #aeb ,alabama1 #ahg1 #bjb1 #bif ,alaska1 #ahg ,alb9ism1 #dcc ,alcohol1 #dd1 #dh1 #di1 #acj ,alcoholism1 #bac1 #cjb ,aleurone1 #ajd ,allelomorphism1 #dcg ,allelomorphs1 #ajh1 #dbg1 #dcg ,alp9e ,type1 #dbg ,am]ica1 #dcb ,am]ican ,bre$]s ,assn41 #aed1 #aid ,am]ican ,bre$]s ,magaz9e1 #aed ,am]ican ,prison ,assn41 #ahb ,am]ican ,g5etic ,assn41 #aed1 #bgg ,am]ican /ock1 #beh1 #dbd ,am]icans1 #dbg1 #dbh ,am]ican-,*9ese ,m>riages1 #cac ,amh]/ ,college1 #bee1 #bff ,amoy1 #cae ,ance/ral ,inh]itance ,law1 #aab ,anglian1 #dbf ,anglo-,saxon1 #dbf ,an?ropological ,soc4 ( ,d5m>k1 #aee ,ap>tm5t h\ses1 #cgg ,appe>ance1 #bai1 #bba ,appropriate opportunity1 #cff ,arabs1 #bcj1 #bhj ,arg5t9a1 #cbf ,ari/ocracy1 #cfb ,ari/odemocracy1 #cfb ,ari/otle1 #cb ,arizona1 #ahg ,arkansas1 #bda ,arm5ians1 #bii1 #cjb1 #dbg ,army1 ,am]ican1 #hc ,arnold1 ,m41 #cid ,ars5ic1 #fc ,art1 #if ,asiatic immigration1 #caa ,asiatic ,turkey1 #bii ,assortative mat+1 #abf1 #baa ,a!nians1 #acc ,atrophy ( optic n]ve1 #dcc ,atwat]1 ,w4 ,o41 #dbb ,au/ria1 #acg1 #aee ,au/ralian1 #abi ,au/ralian m>riages1 #bbb ,automobile1 effect ( #cgg ,b ,baby sav+ campaign1 #djh ,ba*elors1 tax on1 #cec ,back to ! f>m movem5t1 #cee ,backw>d *ildr51 #ahh ,bahama ,isl&s1 #bjc ,bak]1 ,o4 ,e41 #f ,baltzly1 ,a41 #cbg ,bank]1 ,h4 ,j41 #bfg1 #bde ,banns1 #aig ,b>r+ton1 ,a41 #ac ,batz1 #bjg ,baur1 ,e41 #ajd ,bean & ,mall1 #bhe ,beans1 ,fig4 #ac4 ,beeton1 ,m41 #add1 #djd1 #djh1 #daa ,begg>s1 #cjb ,belgium1 #ach1 #aee1 #cbd ,bell1 ,a4 ,g41 #add1 #ahc1 #bbf1 #cde1 #cdg1 #cej1 #djb1 #djg1 #daa ,b5?am1 ,j41 #afe ,b]l91 #adj ,b]muda1 #bje ,b]?olet1 ,e41 #eg ,b]tillon1 ,j41 #adj ,besant1 ,a41 #bfi ,bett] babies movem5t1 #aee ,bezzola1 ,d41 #ef ,bill+s1 ,w4 ,c41 #cac ,b9et te/s1 #bhg ,biometric me?od1 #ca ,biometry1 #dcg ,bir? control1 #bfi ,bisexual societies1 #bcd ,bism>ck1 von1 ,o4 ,e4 ,l41 #dbb ,blakeslee1 ,a4 ,f41 ,figs4 #b1 #c1 #ac1 #ad ,blascoe1 ,f41 #bhb ,ble$]s1 #ch ,bl9d1 #aef ,bl9dness1 #cb ,bl*]1 von ,g4 ,l41 #cba ,blum]1 ,j4 ,c41 #bdd ,boas1 ,f41 #da1 #bhb1 #bhc ,bo] ,w>1 #cba ,bo]-,hott5tot mulattoes1 #cjj ,body-plasm1 #bg ,bohemians1 #caa1 #dbg ,bo/on1 ,mass41 #bfa1 #ahb ,bov]i1 ,t41 #bg ,bra*ybioty1 #dji ,bra*ycephalic heads1 #dbg ,bra*ydactyly1 #dcc1 #dcg1 ,fig4 #ag ,bradlaugh1 ,c41 #bfi ,brazil1 #cbe ,breton race1 #bgc ,bridges1 ,c4 ,b41 #aja ,brigham ,"y ,college1 #bai ,briti%1 #dbg ,briti% ,columbia1 #cje ,briti% ,indian immigration1 #cab ,bruce1 ,h4 ,a41 #bc ,bryn ,mawr ,college1 #bdj1 #bfc ,burris1 ,w4 ,p41 #ig ,c ,cs>1 ,j41 #agi1 #bjg ,caffe9e1 #de ,cali=nia1 #agb1 #aib ,cali=nia ,univ]sity1 #ajj ,cambridge graduates1 #dbh ,cambridge1 ,mass41 #bfa ,cape ,cod1 #bjf ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton1 #aed ,c>negie1 ,m>g>et ,morrison1 ,s*ool1 #bgh ,c>p5t]1 ,e41 #cgi ,c>v]1 ,t4 ,n41 #cje1 #cfg ,ca/le1 ,c4 ,s41 #bdc ,ca/le1 ,w4 ,e41 #hg1 #ajj1 #aje1 #ajh1 #cjj1 #dai1 #dce1 ,fig4 #bj ,catl91 ,g41 #acj ,cattell1 ,j4 ,mc,k41 #bj1 #ba1 #bfh1 #bfi ,cav\r1 ,c4 ,b41 #ai ,celibacy1 #agc ,celtic1 #da ,celto-,slav ,type1 #dbg ,c5tral ,europe1 #dbg ,ceylon1 #abi ,"*1 #bai1 #bba1 #dcg ,*>m & taboo1 #cie ,*a/ity1 #bea1 #chf ,*icago1 ,ill41 #ahb1 #bfa ,*icks1 #dg ,*ild be>+1 ,effect (1 #cdf ,*ild ,labor1 #cfh ,*ildless wives1 #bfh ,*ild mortality1 #djc1 #djg ,*ildr5 surviv+ p] capita1 #bfg ,*9a1 #bj1 #acg1 #bgd ,*9ese1 #cae1 #cig1 ,fig4 #e ,*9ese immigration1 #cba ,*orea1 ,hunt+don's1 #aji1 #dcc ,*ri/ianity1 #aga1 #cid ,*romosomes1 #hg1 #dca1 #dcg ,*ur* acqua9tances1 #bcd ,civic ,club 7,pittsburgh1 ,p5n471 #cga ,civil ,w>1 #bfh1 #cja1 #cba1 #cbf1 #djb ,cleopatra1 #bjg ,climate1 #db ,cobb1 ,m4 ,v41 #if ,co-education1 #bfg1 #chc ,coeffici5t ( correlation1 #bab ,co]cive means1 #ahd ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 #ajj ,coldness1 #bea ,cole1 ,l4 ,j41 #de1 #ea1 #fc1 ,fig4 #g ,collat]al inh]itance1 #djd ,college wom51 #bda ,coll9s1 ,g4 ,n41 #ajd ,colonial ance/ry1 #dbf ,colony plan1 #ahh ,color l9e1 #bhj ,color-bl9dness1 #aji1 #dcc ,columbus1 ,c41 #acb ,columbia1 ,di/rict (1 #ahg ,columbus1 ,ohio1 #bfa ,columbia ,univ]sity1 #aj1 #da1 #ajj1 #bgh ,combemale1 #dd ,compulsory education1 #cfi ,conf$]ate ,army1 #cbc ,cong5ital1 #dch ,conkl91 ,e4 ,g41 #dce ,connecticut1 #gf1 #abh1 #aib1 #bfa1 #cbf ,connecticut ,agricultural ,college1 #hb1 ,fig4 #ad ,consangu9ity1 #bjg ,conscription1 #cai ,cont9uity ( g]m-plasm1 #bi ,controll$ association te/s1 #bhh ,cook1 ,o4 ,f41 #cef ,corn1 ,fig4 #b ,cornell ,m$ical ,college1 #de ,correlation1 #ac1 #bab1 #dch ,co/ ( clo?+1 #bgd ,co/ ( dome/ic labor1 #bge ,co/ ( food1 #bgd ,co/ ( m$ical att5tion1 #bge ,c\rtis1 ,s4 ,a41 #gg ,c\s9s1 #bjb ,crim9als1 #aeh1 #ahb1 #aib ,croatians1 #dbg ,crum1 ,fr$]ick ,s41 #bei ,cu%+1 ,h41 #ajb ,cynical attitude1 #bdi ,cytology1 #dch ,d ,danes1 #dbf ,dalmatians1 #caa ,dance acqua9tances1 #bcd ,d>k family1 #afh ,d>w91 ,c41 #bj1 #ba1 #be1 #fh1 #fi1 #aag1 #acd1 #adg1 #aea1 #agd1 #bjh1 #bad1 #ccd ,d>w9ism1 #bad ,dav5port1 ,c4 ,b41 #ff1 #aed1 #aei1 #ahb1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bjh1 #bdf1 #cch1 #cda1 #cdb1 #cdh1 #cdi1 #dcc1 #dce ,davies1 ,m>ia ,?ompson1 #bce ,deaf1 #aeg ,deafness1 #cb1 #aed ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 #ge ,decl9+ bir? rate1 #bcg1 #bef1 #bfh1 #djj ,defective g]m-plasm1 #aid ,defectives1 #cjb ,def9ition ( eug5ics1 #adg1 #aeb ,deg5]ate p]sons1 #aic ,delaw>e1 #ahg ,delay$ m>riage1 #bag ,del9qu5ts1 #cjb ,demme1 ,r41 #ef ,democracy1 #cfj ,d5m>k1 #acg ,dep5d5ts1 #cjb ,desirability ( ,re/rictive ,eug5ics1 #afg ,de/itute classes1 #bad ,det]m9]s1 #dcb1 #dch ,diff]5ces among m51 #ge ,difflo?1 ,p41 #bbb ,diseases1 #ch ,disease resi/ance1 #djb ,disposition1 #bai1 #bba ,di/ribution1 #cjg ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #ahg ,divorce1 #bja ,doli*ocephalic heads1 #dbg ,doll1 ,e4 ,a41 #dba ,dom9ance1 #dch ,dom9ant1 #dcc ,dress1 #bai1 #bba ,dr9kwat]1 #cdb ,drosophila1 #aja ,drug fi5ds1 #aic ,drunk5ness1 #chi ,dubl91 ,l4 ,i41 #djj ,dubois1 ,p41 #bc1 #bd ,du,bois1 ,w4 ,e4 ,b41 #bie ,duncan1 ,j4 ,m41 #bdg ,duncan1 ,f4 ,n41 #ajb1 ,fig4 #ag ,dugdale1 ,r4 ,l41 #aei ,durant s*ol>%ip1 #bfb ,dy] family1 #bjf ,dynamic evolution1 #dba ,dynamic ( manhood1 #bbc ,dysg5ic1 def9ition (1 #dch ,dysg5ic types1 #agf ,e ,e>le1 ,e4 ,l41 #id ,e>ly m>riages1 #bdg ,ea/]n ,europe1 #dbg ,ea/1 ,e4 ,m41 #ajd ,ea/ nor? c5tral /ates1 #ceh ,ea/ s\? c5tral /ates1 #ceh ,ebb+haus te/s1 #bhh ,economic det]m9ism1 #cfe ,economic equality ( sexes1 #chj ,economic /atus1 #bej ,economic /&+ ( p>5ts1 #cgj ,ed9burgh1 #eg ,education1 #bai1 #bba ,education1 compulsory1 #cfh ,education & race suicide1 #bec ,edw>ds1 ,j41 #afa ,egypt1 #bjf ,egyptian1 #bhe1 ,fig4 #f ,eld]ton1 ,e4 ,m41 #aj1 #ee1 #eg1 #fj1 #abb1 #aec1 #dac ,eld]ton1 ,w4 ,p41 #abd ,elevation ( /&>ds1 #bgg ,ellis1 ,h41 #if1 #bbd1 #cgi ,ellis ,isl&1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #dbg ,emancipation ( wom51 #cfd ,em]son1 ,r4 ,a41 #ajd ,endogamy1 #bbb1 #dch ,engl&1 #ae1 #af1 #aba1 #abb1 #ach1 #bcg1 #cha1 #dbg1 #dcb ,engli%1 #bei1 #caa1 #cba1 #dbf1 #dbg1 #dbh ,epilepsy1 #eh1 #gi ,epileptics1 #aic1 #cjb ,eskimo1 #di1 #abg ,e/abrook1 ,a4 ,h41 #adc1 #aei1 #afh ,equalit>ianism1 #cfb ,equality1 #bbi ,equality ( opportunity1 #cff ,equal pay = equal "w1 #chj ,ess5ce ( ,m5delism1 #dbi ,eug5ic aspect ( specific re=ms1 #ceb ,eug5ic laws1 #aia ,eug5ic m>riages1 #ceb ,eug5ics & eu!nics1 #dch ,eug5ics ,education ,society1 #aec ,eug5ics movem5t1 #adg ,eug5ics regi/ry1 #cej ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice1 #aec1 #aid1 #bjb1 #cdh1 #cdi1 #dcf ,eug5ics ,review1 #dcf ,eug5ics & social welf>e1 ,bullet91 #dce ,eu!nics1 #aee1 #dae1 #daf1 #dag1 #dch ,eu!nics1 eug5ics &1 #djb ,eye1 #ei ,evolution1 #dch ,exogamy1 #bb1 #dch ,f ,facial attractiv5ess1 #bae ,fair*ild1 ,h4 ,p41 #cjh ,family alignm5t1 #bbi ,f>aday1 ,m41 #ccd ,f>rabee1 ,w4 ,c41 #acb ,fecundal selection1 #acg ,feebly inhibit$1 #ahb ,feeble m9d$1 #aeg1 #agb1 #cjb ,feeble-m9d$ness1 #ga1 #agf ,fr1 ,c4 ,s41 #dd ,f]n&ez bro!rs1 #cad ,f]guson1 ,g4 ,o41 ,jr41 #bhg1 #bhh ,f]tility1 relative1 #bdg ,filip9os1 #cae ,f9ancial aspect1 #agc ,f9ancial success1 #bai ,f+] pr9ts1 ,fig4 #be ,f+] tip1 ,figs4 #ba1 #bb ,f9ns1 #bii1 #cjb1 #caa ,fi%b]g1 ,m41 #abf ,florida1 #ahg ,foot1 ,egyptian1 ,fig4 #f ,=eign-born1 #bch ,=mal social functions1 #bcf ,fo/]1 ,m41 #bi ,france1 #ach1 #aee1 #bjf1 #bcg ,franco-,prussian w>1 #cba ,frankl91 ,b41 #bcj ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 #ai ,fr$]icksburg1 ,va41 #bhh ,freiburg1 ,univ]sity1 (1 #abe ,fr5*-,canadians1 #bei ,fr5* revolution1 #ah ,freud1 ,s41 #bac ,g ,galli*an1 ,w41 #beb ,galton1 ,eug5ics ,laboratory1 #aec1 #cdi ,galton1 ,f41 ,v1 #b1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ae1 #af1 #hi1 #ij1 #ie1 #ii1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #adg1 #adh1 #aea1 #aeb1 #afb1 #bbb1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bdg1 #cdb1 #dce ,galton ,laboratory ( ,national ,eug5ics1 #bfi1 #dcf ,galton-,pe>son law1 #aac1 #aad ,gamete1 #dci ,g>ibaldi1 ,g41 #ai ,g>rison1 ,w4 ,l41 #bie1 #bif ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 #djb1 #dje1 #djg1 #dji1 #daa1 #dab ,g5ealogy & eug5ics1 #cbi1 #dci ,g5esis1 #fd ,g5etics1 #cdj1 #dci ,g5ius1 h]$it>y1 #aea ,george1 ,f4 ,o41 #bcd ,georgia1 #ahg ,geographical di/ribution1 #bfa ,g]man1 #ce1 #bei1 #bhj1 #caa ,g]man society = race hygi5e1 #afc ,g]many1 #bj1 #acg1 #aee1 #bii1 #cfj ,g]m9al1 #dci ,g]m-plasm1 #be1 #dbi1 #ddj ,ghetto1 #cje ,gift$ families1 #bac ,gillette1 ,j4 ,m41 #cef1 #ceh1 #cei ,gilman1 ,c4 ,p41 #cgh ,gilmore1 ,c4 ,f41 #acf1 #baf1 #bbg ,g9i1 ,c41 #cdd1 #cdf ,giotto1 #cdb ,go*uico1 ,ric>do1 #cae ,godd>d1 ,h4 ,h41 #ga1 #aje1 #ajh1 #afj1 #agf1 #ahh ,gonorrhea1 #fc ,goodri*1 ,m4 ,t41 #ccc ,gor+1 ,c41 #abd1 #bad ,grant1 ,madison1 #cja1 #dbj ,grant1 ,u4 ,s41 #cgd ,great ,brita91 #acj1 #bcb ,great race1 #dbf ,great w>1 ix1 #bih1 #cbg ,greek idea ( eug5ics1 #aej ,greek slaves1 #bhd ,greeks1 #bii1 #cjb1 #cba1 #dbg ,gre5wood lake1 #bcc ,gr[? ( eug5ics1 #adg ,grub] von1 & ,rub91 #bjd ,guatemala ,indians1 #cef ,gu9ea pigs1 #de1 #dai ,gulick1 ,j4 ,t41 #acd ,gulick1 ,l4 ,h41 #bbc ,gulick1 ,s4 ,l41 #caa1 #cac ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 #ai ,guy]1 ,m4 ,f41 #aid1 #dce ,h ,habitual crim9al1 #aid ,hair1 :ite blaze 91 #dcc ,haiti1 #bhd1 #bhi ,hall1 ,g4 ,s41 #bbe ,hall ( ,fame1 #ag1 #ai ,hamilton1 ,a4 ,e41 #bgh1 #dcc1 #dce ,hank9s1 ,f4 ,h41 #bcg ,hanks ,family1 #ccc ,hap1 ,l41 #cad ,hapaa1 #aca ,h>rison1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,h41 #aed ,h>ris1 ,j4 ,a41 #ajj1 #baa1 #djd ,h>t1 ,h4 ,h41 #ahf ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #bfa ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 #hg1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bff ,heal?1 #bai1 #bba ,heape1 ,w41 #dai ,hebrews1 #da1 #cjb ,hebrews1 ,ea/ ,european1 #bii ,hebrews1 ,russian1 #cjb ,hell]1 ,l4 ,l4 #fd ,hels+=s1 #ed ,hemophilia1 #ch1 #dj1 #dcc ,h]$it>y g5ius1 #af1 #aea ,h]$it>y1 #ddj ,h]$ity1 laws (1 #ii ,h]$ity1 tal5t & g5ius1 #aea ,h]on1 ,d41 #ad1 #ae1 #adj1 #aec ,h]zegov9ians1 #caa ,het]ozygote1 #ddj ,het]ozyg\s1 #dbg1 #dcc ,hewes1 ,a41 #bdj ,hibbs1 ,h4 ,h41 ,jr41 #daa ,hickory ,family1 #afh ,high] education1 #bgf ,hill folk1 #afh ,hill1 ,j4 ,a41 #bfh ,h9dus1 #cje ,hit*cock1 ,c4 ,h41 #ccc ,hodge1 #dd ,h(fman1 ,f4 ,l41 #abh1 #bei ,holl&1 #acg1 #adc1 #aee ,holl+wor?1 ,h4 ,l41 #cdb ,home acqua9tances1 #bcd ,homo sapi5s1 #cjj ,homozygote1 #ddj ,homozyg\s1 #dbg ,hook]1 ,j41 #fh ,hopet[n1 #bjc ,hormones1 #ddj ,horsley1 ,v41 #ee ,h\sekeep+1 #bai1 #bba ,h\s+1 #cgf ,h[>d1 ,a41 #ajd ,h[>d1 ,g41 #ajd ,h[>d ,univ]sity1 #chh ,hrdlicka1 ,a41 #bhe1 #dbd1 #dbf1 #dbg1 #dbh ,hugu5ots1 #dbd1 #dbg ,humani/ic religion1 #cif ,humanit>ian aspect1 #aga ,hung>y1 #aee1 #cjb ,hunt]1 ,w41 #fi ,hunt+ton1 ,e41 #db ,hunt+ton's ,*orea1 #ahj ,huxley1 ,j4 ,l41 #c ,hyde ,family1 #cdf1 #daa ,i ,idiots1 #ahh1 #cjb ,illegitimacy1 #cbe ,illegitimate *ildr51 #bjh1 #chf ,ill9ois1 #agb1 #bjh ,ill9ois1 ,univ]sity (1 #bdd ,ilocano1 #cae ,imbeciles1 #ahh ,immigration1 #bih ,immigration ,commission1 #cjd1 #caj ,immortality1 #bi ,improvem5t ( sexual selection1 #baa ,inborn1 def9ition (1 #ddj ,inborn *>act]s1 #cb ,income ,tax1 #cec ,increas+ ! m>riage rate ( ! sup]ior1 #bcg ,indiana1 #agb1 #agi1 #bjh ,indian1 ,am]ican1 #di1 #acj ,individualism1 #bec ,induction1 #ddj ,infant mortality1 #aba1 #dac ,infant mortality movem5t1 #dad ,infusorian1 #bf ,inh]5t1 #ddj ,inh]itance ( m5tal capacities1 #hd ,inh]itance ,tax1 #cec ,innate1 #dda ,ink[a ,camp1 #bcc ,inquiries into human faculty1 #e1 #aeb ,insane1 #ae1 #cjb ,insanity1 #agh ,in/itut ,solvay1 #aee ,intellig5ce1 #ajf ,int]m>riage1 #bjf ,int]national ,eug5ics ,congress1 #aee ,int]national ,eug5ics ,society1 #aee ,i[a1 #bjh ,isabella1 ,que5 ( ,spa91 #ai ,i%mael ,family1 #afh ,islam1 #bhd ,italian1 #da1 #bei1 #bii1 #cjb1 #cjh1 #caa ,italians1 ,s\!rn1 #cjd ,italy1 #ai1 #acg ,irel&1 #bii ,iri%1 #da1 #bei1 #caa1 #dbg ,j ,jacob1 #fd ,jamaica1 #bhi ,james1 ,w41 #ea1 #cbg ,japan1 #acg ,japanese1 #abg ,japanese immigration1 #cab ,jeff]son1 ,t41 #ge ,jeff]son ,re=matory1 #aia ,j5a1 ,battle (1 #cba ,j5ks1 ,a4 ,e41 #bie1 #cad ,j5ks1 ,j4 ,w41 #cjh ,j5n+s1 ,h4 ,s41 #aje ,jesus1 #cif ,jews1 #eb1 #acc1 #bhd1 #cjd ,jewi% eug5ics1 #cid ,jewi% race1 #ceh ,johnson1 ,e4 ,h41 #bhb ,johnson1 ,r4 ,h41 vi1 #aag ,john/one1 ,e4 ,r41 #ahh ,jones1 ,e41 #bac ,jordan1 ,d4 ,s41 #cbc1 #cbf ,jordan1 ,h4 ,e41 #cbc ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 #aed1 #dcf ,judaism1 #cid ,juke family1 #adc1 #aei1 #afh1 #afi ,k ,kafirs1 #bhe ,kais] ( ,g]many1 #bjd ,kallikak ,family1 #afj ,kansas1 #agb1 #aid1 #bjh ,kansas ,city1 ,mo41 #bfa ,kansas ,/ate ,agrigultural ,college1 #bdd ,ke*uka ,camp1 #dce ,kellogg1 ,v41 #bae1 #cba1 #cah ,kelsey1 ,c41 #dce ,k5tucky1 #agb ,keys1 ,f4 ,m41 ,fig4 #a ,key1 ,w4 ,e41 #afh ,knopf1 ,s4 ,a41 #abg ,kornhaus]1 ,a4 ,w41 #cgj ,kuczynski1 ,r4 ,r41 #bfj ,l ,laban1 #fd ,lait951 ,t41 #ed1 #ee ,lam>ck1 ,j4 ,b41 #cg ,lam>ckian1 #ce ,lam>ckian ,!ory1 #dba ,lam>ckism1 #cg ,late m>riages1 #bah ,lat5t1 #dda ,lauck1 ,w4 ,j41 #cjh ,laughl91 ,h4 ,h41 #cda ,law1 #dda ,laws1 eug5ic1 #aif ,laws ( h]$ity1 #ii ,lead1 #eg1 #fc1 ,fig4 #g ,league to en=ce peace1 #cbh ,le*oco1 ,f41 #cad ,legal aspects1 #aid ,legislative aspects1 #aid ,leipzig1 #cba ,le?al *amb]1 #ahd ,le?al selection1 #ade ,levant9es1 #bii ,lew91 ,g4 ,r4 ,l41 #fb ,lim1 ,b41 #cad ,l9coln1 ,a41 #bj1 #ccc ,l9coln1 ,t41 #ccc ,li?uanians1 #caa ,liv+ wage1 #cge ,loeb1 ,j41 #cgi ,lombroso1 ,c41 #agi1 #ahb ,london1 #adj1 #ada ,longevity1 #djc ,longfell[1 ,h4 ,e41 #aec ,lor5z1 ,o41 #ccj ,losc9 & ,lasc91 #cad ,l\isiana1 #ahg1 #bif ,lunatics1 #aic ,lutz1 ,f4 ,e41 ,fig4 #af ,luzon1 #cae ,lynn1 ,mass41 #bfa ,m ,mac$onia1 #cbf ,mac,nicholl1 ,t4 ,a41 #ee1 #ef ,madonnas1 #cig ,magy>s1 #bii1 #cjb1 #dbg ,ma9e1 #agb ,ma9e1 ,univ]sity (1 #dg ,mairet1 #dd ,maize1 #ajd ,mal>ia1 #fc ,malayans1 #cae ,mall1 ,bean 1 #bhe ,malone1 ,wid[1 #bjd ,mal?us1 #aag1 #acd1 #ade1 #aea ,mamelukes1 #bhd ,managem5t1 #bba ,man*e/]1 #eg ,mann1 ,mrs4 ,horace1 #aec ,m>ks1 s*ool1 #baf ,m>riage laws1 #aif ,m>riage rate1 #bcg ,m>%all1 ,gov4 ,?omas ,r41 #aia ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 #aed ,m>yl&1 #bjf ,massa*usetts1 #abc1 #bda1 #bee1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bie1 #cbf ,mass4 ,agricultural ,college1 #bee ,mass4 ,/ate ,prison1 #ahb ,mat]nal impression1 #fd ,mat]nity1 #bba ,mayo1 ,m4 ,j41 #bhf ,mean ,am]ican man1 #dbe ,me*anism ( inh]itance1 #dca ,meckl91 ,j4 ,m41 #bhj1 #bha1 #bhc ,m$ical colleges1 #bdf ,m$it]ranean1 #di1 #eb ,m$it]ranean race1 #bhj1 #ceg ,melt+ pot1 #dbd1 #dbh ,m5del1 ,g41 #dbg ,m5delian units1 #aje ,m5delism1 #dcj1 #dda ,m5delism1 ess5ce (1 #dbg ,m5delssohn1 ,f4 ,b41 #if ,m5tal capacities1 inh]itance (1 #hd ,m5tal measurem5ts1 #ge ,mesocephalic heads1 #dbg ,me/izos1 #cad ,me?odi/ cl]gym51 #bgj ,me?ods ( re/riction1 #ahd ,metis1 ,spani%1 #cad ,mey]be]1 ,g41 #if ,mice1 #de ,mi*igan1 #agb1 #aid ,middle ,atlantic /ates1 #ceh ,middlet[n1 ,conn41 #aib ,milit>y celibacy1 #cbj ,mill]1 ,k41 #chh ,mill1 ,j4 ,s41 #afe1 #agd ,milton1 ,j41 #ba ,m9imum wage1 #cgd ,m9nesota1 #agb1 #bjb ,misceg5ation1 #bji1 #bia ,miss\ri1 #bjh1 #bhh ,mode/y1 #bea ,modification ( ! g]m-plasm1 #be ,mohamm$1 #agi ,money1 #bbi ,monogamy1 #bbb1 #chg ,moody1 ,l41 #aec ,moral equival5t ( w>1 #bg ,moral p]v]ts1 #aic ,moravians1 #caa ,mores1 #bbb1 #dda ,morgan1 ,a41 #bcc ,morgan1 ,t4 ,h41 #d1 #ajj1 #aja ,mormon ,*ur*1 #bgc ,moron1 #ahh ,mo!rs' p5sions1 #cge1 #cgf ,"m's age1 influ5ce (1 #cdg ,motivat$ e?ics1 #cid ,m\nta9 /ates1 #ceh ,m\nt ,holyoke ,college1 #bdj1 #bfc ,movem5t1 eug5ic1 #adg ,mozambique1 #abi ,mulatto1 #bhh ,mull]1 ,h4 ,j41 #aja1 ,fig4 #ai ,multiple factors1 #ajd ,muncey1 ,e4 ,b41 #dcc ,murphey1 ,h4 ,d41 #bdb ,music1 #if ,mutation1 #dda ,mutilations1 #ch ,myopia1 #ac1 #ei ,mc,donald1 ,a41 #bhf ,n ,nam ,family1 #adc1 #afh ,naples1 #cjc ,napoleon1 #ah1 #agi1 #cba ,na%ville1 ,t5n41 #bfa ,nasmy?1 ,g41 #cbb ,national army1 #cai ,national association = ! advancem5t ( color$ p1 #bid1 #bie ,national committee = m5tal hygi5e1 #agb ,native :ites1 #bch ,natural inh]itance1 #aeb ,natural selection1 #adh ,nature1 #a ,ne>+1 ,s41 #bfa ,nebraska1 #bjh ,negroes1 #bch1 #bhj ,negro wom51 #chg ,nevada1 #ahg1 #aib1 #bif ,new ,engl&1 #bfj1 #bfe1 #bgd1 #bia1 #ceh1 #dbf ,new ,hamp%ire1 #bjh ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 #bfa ,new ,j]sey1 #agi1 #aic1 #bjb ,new ,mexico1 #ahg ,newport ,news1 ,va41 #bhh ,new%olme ,a41 #adj1 #ada ,new ,york1 #aa1 #gg1 #agb1 #ahb1 #ahf1 #aic1 #bcc1 #bhb1 #bhf ,new _w1 #cbd ,nice1 #de1 #dg ,nicol91 #de ,night-bl9dness1 #aji1 #dcc ,nilsson-,ehle1 ,h41 #ajd ,nobility1 #aah ,nordic1 #dbf ,nordic race1 #bhj1 #cja1 #ceg ,normal curve1 #dda ,normal s*ool girls1 #bfb ,norman conque/1 #cch ,norm&y1 #cch ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #cbf ,nor? ,dakota1 #aic ,nor? ,european1 #dbf ,nor? ,italians1 #dbg ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 #cbf ,norway1 #acg ,norwi*1 ,conn41 #aib ,novikov1 ,j41 #cbb ,nucleus1 #dda ,nurture1 #a ,o ,ob]l9 college1 #bdd ,occupation1 diseases (1 #fb ,od91 ,a41 #beh ,ohio1 #agb ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity1 #bdd ,oklahoma1 #bjb1 #bjh ,oliv]1 ,t41 #fb ,oregon1 #bjh ,organization ( indu/ry1 #cjg ,ori5tal immigration1 #cac ,orig9 ( eug5ics1 #adg ,or?odactyly1 #aja1 #ajb1 #chd1 #dcc ,ov>ian transplantation1 #dai ,ovize1 #dd ,p ,pacific1 #ceh ,paget p>i%1 ,b]muda1 #bje ,pa9e1 ,j4 ,h41 ,figs4 #af1 #ba ,p>aguay1 #cbe ,p>5ts ( great m51 #dbc ,p>is1 #adj1 #aee ,p>k]1 ,g41 #bcc ,p>ole1 #bji ,p>tial segregation1 #bej ,pa/ p]=mance1 #cdb ,pass+ ( ! great race1 #dbf ,pa/eur1 ,l41 #ccc1 #ccd ,pat5t1 def9ition (1 #dda ,pat]nity1 #bai ,paul1 ,c41 #fc ,paup]s1 #aeg1 #cjb ,pe>l1 ,r41 #dg1 #dh1 #ii1 #dbc ,pe>son1 ,k41 #aj1 #ab1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #fj1 #he1 #ic1 #ii1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg1 #acd1 #adc1 #add1 #aec1 #bab1 #bae1 #bbd1 #bbg1 #bca1 #bcb1 #cdd1 #cdh1 #cdi1 #cfh1 #djd1 #djh1 #dji1 #daa1 #dac1 #dbh1 #dcc ,p$agogical celibacy1 #cij ,pe]age1 #bcb ,p5nsylvania1 #afg1 #ahg1 #bjb1 #bjh ,p5nsylvania ,dut*1 #dbd ,p5nsylvania1 feeble-m9d$ citiz5s (1 #afh ,p5nsylvania1 ,univ]sity (1 #acb ,p5rose1 ,c4 ,a41 #bjc ,p]r91 #cgb ,p]cy1 ,h41 ,fig4 #ai ,p]ry1 ,s4 ,j41 #abd ,p]sians1 #cba ,p]v]sion1 #bdh ,pessimism1 #bdg ,pet]s1 ,i4 ,l41 #bbf ,phi ,beta ,kappa1 #bda1 #bfb ,philan?ropy1 #cc ,philipp9e isl&s1 #cac ,philipp9es1 #cbd ,phillips1 ,b4 ,a41 #bhg ,phillips1 ,j4 ,c41 #bde1 #bfg1 #dai ,ph?isis1 #abf ,physical c>e ( ! infant1 #bgh ,physical culture1 #bai ,physico-*emical effects1 #ch ,piang1 ,datto1 #cad ,piebaldism1 #ajc1 #dcc1 ,fig4 #bj ,pike1 ,f4 ,h41 #c ,pikipitanges1 #acb ,pilgrim fa!rs1 #dbd ,p9ey folk1 #afh ,pitcairn isl&]s1 #cjj ,pittsburgh1 #ach ,pittsburgh1 ,univ]sity (1 #bcd ,pituit>y gl&1 #ajc ,plato1 #aej ,ploetz1 ,a41 #aah1 #aai1 #djh1 #dji1 #daj ,plym\?1 ,engl&1 #aah ,poisons1 racial1 #dh1 #fa1 #fc1 ,fig4 #g ,poles1 #bei1 #bii1 #dbg ,polygamy1 #chg ,polynesians1 #abg1 #abi ,pope1 ,e4 ,g41 #abd ,pop5oe1 ,c4 ,h41 #gh ,pop5oe1 ,p41 vi1 #bdd1 #bde1 #bgj1 #djb1 #dbc ,population1 ,mal?usian1 #aea ,portl&1 ,ore41 #bfa ,portuguese1 #bii1 #cjb ,possible improvem5t ( ! human bre$1 etc41 #aeb ,p\lton1 ,e4 ,b41 #dc ,p[ys1 ,a4 ,o41 #bgb1 #cdf ,pragmatic s*ool1 #ceb ,pref]5tial mat+1 #bad ,pre-natal c>e1 #gj ,pre-natal culture1 #gj ,pre-natal influ5ce1 #fd ,pre-natal life1 #aee ,pr9ceton college1 #bdi ,probability curve1 #gh1 #hj1 #dda ,proctor fell[%ip1 #bdi ,production1 #cjg ,pr(essional classes1 #bcb ,pr(essor's families1 #bbh ,progressive *anges1 #ci ,prohibit$ degrees ( m>riage1 #bbb ,prohibition1 #chi ,propag&a1 eug5ic1 #aie ,prophylaxis1 #beb ,pro/itution1 #bea ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity1 #bgd ,protoplasm1 #ddb ,prussia1 #aba1 #cba ,pseudo-celibacy1 #bdh ,psy*iatry1 #ddb ,psy*opa?ic inf]iority1 #cjb ,ptolemies1 #bjf ,public *>ities association1 #afh ,puni%m5t1 #aib ,punitive purpose1 #aib ,puritan1 #bih ,pyle1 ,w4 ,h41 #bhg ,q ,quadruplets1 ,fig4 ,i ,quak] families1 #aah1 #add ,quak]s1 ,engli%1 #daa ,r ,rabaud1 ,e41 #gc ,rabbits1 #de ,race bett]m5t conf]5ce1 fir/1 #a ,race suicide1 #beg ,racial poisons1 #dh1 #fa1 #fc1 #cch1 ,fig4 #g ,radot1 ,r4 ,v41 #ccc ,rapi/s1 #aic ,recessive1 #dcc1 #ddb ,recon/ruction p]iod1 #cbe ,r$field1 ,c4 ,l41 #dj1 #dba1 #dbb1 #dbc ,refraction1 #ei ,regression1 #aab1 #ddb ,reid1 ,g4 ,a41 #ej1 #abe1 #abi ,religion & eug5ics1 #cic ,remote ance/ors1 #cch ,rese>* fell[%ip1 #aec ,res]ve1 #bea ,re/riction1 me?ods (1 #ahd ,re/rictive eug5ics1 #age1 #ahd ,retrogression1 #db ,revolution>y w>1 #dbf ,rew>d & puni%m5t1 #cie ,rhode ,isl&1 #bfa ,rice1 ,j4 ,m41 #ie ,ri*mond1 ,va41 #bhh ,riis1 ,j41 #a ,roman ca?olic *ur*1 #bgc ,roman republic1 #bhd ,rome cu/odial asylum1 #ahf ,roosevelt1 ,t41 #cjh ,ross1 ,e4 ,a41 ,x1 #cja ,r\manians1 #bii1 #caa1 #dbg ,r\nd-head$ type1 #dbg ,r\sseau1 ,j4 ,j41 #ge ,royal families1 #ag1 #bj1 #aah1 #daj ,rub91 von ,grub] &1 #bjd ,rusk91 #cdb ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation1 #ahf ,russia1 #acg1 #cjb1 #cbe ,russian ,jews1 #dbg ,russians1 #bei1 #cjb1 #caa1 #dbg ,russo-,hebrew1 #cjb ,russo-,japanese w>1 #cba ,ru!nians1 #caa ,s ,sac]dotal celibacy1 #bbb ,/4 ,l\is1 #aed ,/4 ,paul1 public s*ools (1 #cgb ,salp+ectomy1 #ahe ,san ,dom+o1 #bhi ,save ! 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"t s9ce 8 repa/4 ,! be/ introduction to correlations is ,eld]ton's ,prim] ( ,/ati/ics 7,london1 #aiab74 #e ,dr4 ,?orndike's c>eful measurem5ts %[$ t x is impossible to draw a h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 id5tical tw9s & ord9>y tw9s4 ,!re is no "q z to ! exi/5ce ( ! two k9ds1 b ! ord9>y tw9s may happ5 to be s ne>ly alike z to resemble id5tical tw9s4 ,accord+ly1 m]e appe>ance is n a safe crit]ion ( ! id5tity ( tw9s4 ,8 rese>*es 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 ,no4 #a1 ,new ,york1 #aije4 #f ,a ,fir/ ,/udy ( ! ,inh]itance ( ,vision & ! ,relative ,influ5ce ( ,h]$ity & ,environm5t on ,sight4 ,by ,amy ,b>r+ton & ,k>l ,pe>son4 ,eug5ics ,laboratory 7,london71 ,memoir ,s]ies ,v4 #g ,dr4 ,james ,alex&] ,wilson1 assi/ant surgeon ( ! ,op?almic ,in/itute1 ,glasg[1 publi%$ an analysis ( #a1ejj cases ( myopia 9 ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 p4 #cie1 ,augu/ #bi1 #aiad4 ,8 me?ods are n above criticism1 & too mu* importance %\ld n be atta*$ to 8 results1 :i* %[ t 9 #eh ( ! cases h]$ity c be cr$it$ ) ! myopia ( ! pati5t4 ,9 #ab ( ! cases x 0 due to inflammation ( ! cornea 7k]atitis7 :ile 9 ! rema9+ #cj no h]$it>y influ5ce c\ld be prov$1 b v>i\s reasons made him feel c]ta9 t 9 _m cases x exi/$4 ,! di/ribution ( myopia by trades & pr(essions among 8 pati5ts is sugge/ive3 #fe ( ! cases among s*ool *ildr5 %[$ myopic h]$ity2 #fc among h\sewives & dome/ic s]vants2 #fh among %op & factory works2 #fj among cl]ks & typi/s2 #fj among labor]s & m9]s4 ,if environm5t really play$ an active "p1 "o w\ld n expect to f9d ?is simil>ity 9 p]c5tages betwe5 labor]s & cl]ks1 betwe5 h\sewives & s*ooltea*]s1 etc4 #h ,! ,influ5ce ( ,unfav\rable ,home ,environm5t & ,defective ,physique on ! ,intellig5ce ( ,s*ool ,*ildr54 ,by ,david ,h]on4 ,eug5ics ,laboratory 7,london71 ,memoir ,s]ies ,no4 ,,viii4 #i ,h]$it>y ,g5ius2 an ,inquiry into its ,laws & ,consequ5ces4 ,london1 #ahfi4 #aj ,woods1 ,fr$]ick ,adams1 ,h]$ity & ! ,hall ( ,fame1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,may1 #aiac4 #aa ,woods1 ,fr$]ick ,adams1 ,m5tal & ,moral ,h]$ity 9 ,royalty1 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 ,see also ,sov]eigns & ! ,suppos$ ,influ5ce ( ,opportunity1 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xxxix1 ,no4 #ajaf1 pp4 #ijb-ije1 ,june #ai1 #aiad1 :]e ,dr4 ,woods answ]s "s criticisms ( 8 "w4 #ab ,educational ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #cjf4 ,/>*'s results are also quot$ f ,?orndike4 #ac ,jean ,bapti/e ,lam>ck1 a ,fr5* naturali/1 born 9 #agdd1 0 "o ( ! pione]s 9 ! philosophical /udy ( evolution4 ,! !ory 7publi%$ 9 #ahji7 = :i* he is be/ kn[n is z foll[s3 ,*anges 9 ! animal's surr\nd+s are respond$ to by *anges 9 its habits4 ,any p>ticul> habit involves ! regul> use ( "s organs & ! disuse ( o!rs4 ,^? organs :i* are us$ w be develop$ & /r5g!n$1 ^? n us$ dim9i%$ & weak5$1 & ! *anges s produc$ w be transmitt$ to ! (fspr+1 & ?us progressive developm5t ( p>ticul> organs w g on f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,8 classical example is ! neck ( ! giraffe1 :i* he supposes to be long because1 = g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 ! animals /ret*$ _! necks 9 ord] to get ! highe/ leaves f ! trees4 #ad ,boas1 ,f41 ,*anges 9 ,body ,=m ( ,desc5dants ( ,immigrants1 #aiaa4 #ae ,civilization & ,climate4 ,by ,ellswor? ,hunt+ton1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiaf4 #af ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,l41 pp4 #fe-hi1 #add-agh1 ,feb4 & ,m>41 #aiaf4 #ag ,proc4 ,am4 ,philos4 ,soc4 ,,lv1 pp4 #bdc-bei1 #aiaf4 #ah ,dr4 ,reid is ! au?or :o has mo/ effectively call$ att5tion to ?is relation betwe5 alcohol & natural selection4 ,^? int]e/$ w f9d a full treatm5t 9 8 books1 ,! ,pres5t ,evolution ( ,man1 ,! ,laws ( ,h]$ity1 & ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,h]$ity4 #ai ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 ii1 p4 #edc4 #bj ,leon ,j4 ,cole po9ts out t ?is may be due 9 consid]able "p to less volunt>y re/riction ( (fspr+ on ! "p ( ^? :o are (t5 "u ! influ5ce ( alcohol4 #ba ,= a review ( ! /ati/ical problems involv$1 see ,k>l ,pe>son4 ,an attempt to correct "s ( ! mis/atem5ts made by ,sir ,victor ,horsley1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s41 ,f4 ,r4 ,c4 ,s41 & ,m>y ,d4 ,/urge1 ,m4 ,d41 9 _! criticisms ( ! ,galton ,laboratory ,memoir3 ,fir/ ,/udy ( ! ,influ5ce ( ,p>5tal ,alcoholism1 etc42 & ,pr(essor ,pe>son's v>i\s popul> lectures1 also ,a ,second ,/udy ( ! ,influ5ce ( ,p>5tal ,alcoholism on ! ,physique & ,intellig5ce ( ,(fspr+4 ,by ,k>l ,pe>son & ,e!l ,m4 ,eld]ton4 ,eug5ics ,laboratory ,memoir ,s]ies ,,xiii4 #bb ,a ,fir/ ,/udy ( ! ,influ5ce ( ,p>5tal ,alcoholism on ! ,physique & ,intellig5ce ( ,(fspr+4 ,by ,e!l ,m4 ,eld]ton & ,k>l ,pe>son4 ,eug5ics ,laboratory ,memoir ,s]ies ,x4 ,h>ald ,we/]ga>d1 :o rexam9$ ! ,eld]ton-,pe>son data1 concludes t consid]able importance is to be atta*$ to ! selective action ( alcohol1 ! weakl+s 9 ! alcoholic families hav+ be5 we$$ out e>ly 9 life4 #bc ,prohibition w\ld h "s indirect eug5ic effects1 :i* w be discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 #bd ,*apt] ,,xxx1 v]ses #ca-dc4 ,a k ( ! p$igree ( ,laban's cattle w\ld und\bt$ly expla9 :]e ! /ripes came f4 ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ ?is idea p]si/s3 a correspond5t has rec5tly s5t an acc\nt ( sev5 /rip$ lambs born aft] _! mo!rs _h se5 a /rip$ skunk4 ,! actual explanation is d\btless t sugge/$ by ,hell] 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vi1 #dhj 7,octob]1 #aiae71 t a /ripe is "p ( ! ance/ral coat patt]n ( ! %eep1 & appe>s f "t to "t because ( rev]sion4 #be ,su* a sk9 affection1 kn[n z ic?yosis1 x]osis or x]od]ma1 is usually due to h]$ity4 ,dav5port says x is especially apt to be f\nd 9 families 9 :i* consangu9e\s m>riages occur & ?is fact1 toge!r ) ! p$igrees :i* he /udi$1 sugge/s t x is due to ! abs5ce ( "s factor t controls ! process ( cornification ( ! sk94 ,on ?is hypo!sis a normal p]son :o belongs to an affect$ family may m>ry into a normal family ) impunity1 b c\s9 m>riages are to be avoid$4 ,see ,dav5port1 ,c4 ,b41 ,h]$ity 9 ,relation to ,eug5ics1 p4 #acd4 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 #bf ,its eug5ics is to be effect$ ?r\gh ! m5tal ex]tion ( mo!rs4 ,& we h lately be5 9 correspond5ce ) a we/]n attorney :o is endeavor+ to =m an association ( p]sons :o w agree to be ! p>5ts ( will$ *ildr54 ,by ?is means1 he has calculat$ 7& s5ds a *>t to prove x7 t x w require only f\r g5]ations to produce ! ,sup]man4 #bg ,life & ,lett]s ( ,*>les ,d>w91 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cjb1 ,new ,york1 #ahig4 ,! lett] is dat$ #ahdd4 #bh ,godd>d1 ,h4 ,h41 ,feeble-m9d$ness1 p4 #cei4 ,new ,york1 ! ,macmillan ,company1 #aiad4 #bi ,= a review ( ! evid5ce consult an article on ,telegony by ,dr4 ,eti5ne ,rabaud 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #i1 pp4 #chi-djj2 ,septemb]1 #aiad4 #cj ,x w be recall$ t ! coeffici5t ( correlation measures ! resemblance betwe5 two v>iables on a scale betwe5 #j &-#a or #a4 ,if ! correlation is z]o1 !re is no con/ant relation2 if x is unity1 any *ange 9 "o mu/ result 9 a det]m9ate *ange 9 ! o!r2 if x is #j4e1 x means t :5 "o ( ! v>iables deviates f ! mean ( its class by a giv5 am\nt1 ! o!r v>iable w deviate f ! mean ( its class by #ej ( t am\nt 7ea* deviation be+ measur$ 9 t]ms ( ! v>iability ( its own class1 9 ord] t !y may be prop]ly comp>able47 #ca ,sidis1 ,boris1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,m4,d41 ,neurosis & ,eug5ics1 ,m$ical ,review ( ,reviews1 ,vol4 ,,xxi1 ,no4 #aj1 pp4 #ehg-eid1 ,new ,york1 ,octob]1 #aiae4 ,a psy*ologi/ :o writes ( "s miracul\s g]m-plasm 7*romat97 ) wond]ful dom9ant 'units' 7,*romosomes7 is h>dly a compet5t critic ( ! facts ( h]$ity4 #cb ,9 a lett] to ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 "u date ( ,augu/ #d1 #aiaf4 #cc ,galton1 ,francis1 ,inquiries into ,human ,faculty1 p4 #afg1 ,london1 #aijg4 #cd ,woods1 ,fr$]ick ,adams1 ,h]$ity 9 ,royalty1 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 #ce ,op4 cit41 pp4 #agj-aga4 #cf ,?orndike1 ,e4 ,l41 ,measurem5ts ( ,tw9s1 ,ar*4 ( ,philos41 ,psy*4 & ,sci4 ,me?ods1 ,no4 #a1 ,new ,york1 #aije2 summ>iz$ 9 8 ,educational ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #bdg-bea1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,measur$ on a scale :]e #a id5tity1 he f\nd t tw9s %[$ a resemblance to ea* o!r ( ab\t 4#ge1 :ile ord9>y bro!rs ( ab\t ! same age resembl$ ea* o!r to ! ext5t ( ab\t 4#ej only4 ,! resemblance 0 approximately ! same 9 bo? physical & m5tal traits4 #cg ,! quotations 9 ?is & ! foll[+ p>agraph are f ,?orndike's ,educational ,psy*ology1 pp4 #cjd-cje1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #ch ,biometrika1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #aef4 #ci ,william ( ,occam's ,razor is ! canon ( logic :i* decl>es t x is unwise to seek = sev]al causes ( an effect1 if a s+le cause is adequate to acc\nt = x4 #dj ,s*u/]1 ,edg>1 ,eug5ics1 pp4 #aej-afc1 ,london1 #aiac4 #da ,educational ,psy*ology 7#aiad71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bce4 #db ,cobb1 ,m>g>et ,v41 ,j\rnal ( ,educational ,psy*ology1 viii1 pp4 #a-bj1 ,jan41 #aiag4 #dc ,?is is n true ( ! small ,engli% s*ool ( biometri/s1 f\nd$ by ,sir ,francis ,galton1 ,w4 ,f4 ,r4 ,weldon & ,k>l ,pe>son1 & n[ l$ by ! latt]4 ,x has ?r\gh\t d5i$ or m9ifi$ ,m5delian results1 & dep5d$ on ! treatm5t ( inh]itance by a /udy ( correlations4 ,) ! progress ( ,m5delian rese>*1 biometric me?ods mu/ be supplem5t$ ) p$igree /udies4 ,9 human h]$ity1 on ! o!r h&1 because ( ! great difficulties att5dant ^u an application ( ,m5delian me?ods1 ! biometric mode ( attack is /ill ! mo/ useful1 & has be5 l>gely us$ 9 ! pres5t book4 ,x has be5 (t5 suppos$ t ! me?ods ( ! two s*ools 7biometry & ,m5delism7 are antagoni/ic4 ,!y are r supplem5t>y1 ea* be+ valuable 9 cases :]e ! o!r is less applicable4 ,see ,pe>l1 ,raymond1 ,modes ( ,rese>* 9 ,g5etics1 p4 #ahb1 ,new ,york1 #aiae #dd ,few p realize :at l>ge numb]s ( plants & animals h be5 br$ = exp]im5tal purposes dur+ ! la/ decade2 ,w4 ,e4 ,ca/le ( ,bussey ,in/itution1 ,=e/ ,hills1 ,mass41 has br$ n less ?an #de1jjj rats4 ,9 ! /udy ( a s+le "*1 ! endosp]m ( maize1 ne>ly #ajj1jjj p$igre$ se$s h be5 exam9$ by diff]5t /ud5ts4 ,work]s at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia h tabulat$ m ?an #aj1jjj measurem5ts on fl[] size alone1 9 tobacco hybrids4 ,t4 ,h4 ,morgan & 8 associates at ,columbia ,univ]sity h br$ & /udi$ m ?an half a million fruit flies1 & ,j4 ,ar?ur ,h>ris has h&l$ m ?an #fjj1jjj bean-plants at ! ,c>negie ,in/itution's ,/ation = ,exp]im5tal ,evolution1 ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,l4 ,i4 ,:ile facts ( human h]$ity1 & ( inh]itance 9 l>ge mammals g5]ally1 are (t5 gr\nd$ on scanty evid5ce1 x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! fundam5tal g5]alizations ( h]$ity are bas$ on insuffici5t data4 #de ,= a brief acc\nt ( ,m5delism1 see ,app5dix ,d4 #df ,( c\rse ^! factors are n ( equal importance2 "s ( !m produce l>ge *anges & "s1 z f> z c be told1 are ( m9or significance4 ,! factors1 moreov]1 und]go l>ge *anges f "t to "t1 ?us produc+ mutations2 & x is probable small *anges z well1 ! evid5ce = :i* requires great] ref9em5ts ( me?od ?an is usual among ^? us+ ! p$igree me?od4 #dg ,a ,critique ( ! ,!ory ( ,evolution1 by ,?omas ,hunt ,morgan1 pr(essor ( exp]im5tal zology 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiaf4 ,?is book gives ! be/ popul> acc\nt ( ! /udies ( h]$ity 9 ,drosophila4 ,! advanc$ /ud5t w f9d ,! ,me*anism ( ,m5delian ,h]$ity 7,new ,york1 #aiae71 by ,morgan1 ,/urtevant1 ,mll]1 & ,bridges1 indisp5sable1 b x is beyond ! compreh5sion ( mo/ beg9n]s4 #dh ,on ! ,inh]itance ( ,"s ,*>act]s 9 ,:eat1 ,a4 & ,g4 ,h[>d1 ,mem4 ,dep4 ( ,agr4 ,india1 ,v3 #a-df1 #aiab4 ,?is c>eful & important "w has nev] receiv$ ! recognition x des]ves1 app>5tly because few g5etici/s h se5 x4 ,:ile ! multiple factors 9 :eat seem to be diff]5t1 ^? report$ by ,ea/ & ,%ull appe> to be m]ely duplicates4 #di ,! ,nature ( ,m5delian ,units4 ,by ,g4 ,n4 ,coll9s1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,v3 #dbe ff41 ,oct41 #aiad4 #ej ,dr4 ,ca/le1 review+ ,dr4 ,godd>d's "w 7,j\rnal ( ,abnormal ,psy*ology1 ,aug4-,sept41 #aiae7 concludes t feeble-m9d$ness is to be expla9$ z a case ( multiple allelomorphs4 ,! evid5ce is inadequate to prove ?is1 & pro( w\ld be1 9 fact1 almo/ impossible1 because ( ! difficulty ( det]m9+ j :at ! segregation ratios are4 #ea ,9 /rict accuracy1 ! law ( ance/ral inh]itance mu/ be describ$ z giv+ means ( det]m9+ ! probable deviation ( any individual f ! mean ( 8 own g5]ation1 :5 ! deviations ( "s or all ( 8 ance/ry f ! types ( _! respective g5]ations are kn[n4 ,x presupposes 7#a7 no assortative mat+1 7#b7 no inbre$+ & 7#c7 no selection4 ,galton's own =mula1 :i* suppos$ t ! p>5ts contribut$ #a_/b1 ! gr&p>5ts #a_/d1 ! great-gr&p>5ts #a_/h1 ! next g5]ation #a_/af1 & s on1 is ( value n[ only hi/orically1 or to illu/rate to a layman ! fact t he inh]its f 8 :ole ance/ry1 n f 8 p>5ts alone4 #eb ,johnson1 ,roswell ,h41 ,! ,mal?usian ,pr9ciple & ,natural ,selection1 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,,xlvi 7#aiab71 pp4 #cgb-cgf4 #ec ,k>l ,pe>son1 ,! ,gr\ndwork ( ,eug5ics1 p4 #be1 ,london1 #aiab4 #ed ,let p be ! *ance ( dea? f a r&om1 n a con/itutional s\rce1 !n #a-p is ! *ance ( a selective dea? 9 a p>5t & #a-p aga9 ( a selective dea? 9 ! case ( an (fspr+1 !n 7#a-p7#b mu/ equal ab\t #a_/c1 4#cf1 m exactly '!re=e' #a-p 4#f & p 4#dj4 ,9 o!r words1 #fj ( ! dea?s are selective4 #ee ,ar*iv f4 ,rass5-u4 ,gesells*afts ,biologie1 ,,vi 7#aiji71 pp4 #cc-dc4 #ef ,sn[1 ,e4 ,c41 ,on ! ,int5sity ( ,natural ,selection 9 ,man1 ,london1 #aiaa4 #eg ,biometrika1 ,vol4 ,x1 pp4 #dhh-ejf1 ,london1 ,may1 #aiae4 #eh ,pe>son1 ,k>l1 ,tub]culosis1 ,h]$ity & ,environm5t1 ,london1 #aiab4 ,among ! mo/ c>eful contributions to ! problem ( tub]culosis are ^? ( ,*>les ,gor+ 7,on ! ,inh]itance ( ! ,dia!sis ( ,ph?isis & ,insanity1 ,london1 #aiaj71 ,erne/ ,g4 ,pope 7,a ,second ,/udy ( ! ,/ati/ics ( ,pulmon>y ,tub]culosis1 ,london1 ,dulau ,co471 & ,w4 ,p4 ,eld]ton & ,s4 ,j4 ,p]ry 7,a ,?ird ,/udy ( ! ,/ati/ics ( ,pulmon>y ,tub]culosis4 ,! ,mortality ( ! ,tub]cul\s & ,sanatorium ,treatm5t71 ,london1 #aiji4 ,see also our discussion 9 ,*apt] ,i4 #ei ,:ile mo/ physicians lay too great /ress on ! factor ( infection1 ?is mi/ake is by no means univ]sal4 ,maurice ,fi%b]g1 = example 7quot$ 9 ! ,m$ical ,review ( ,reviews1 ,,xxii1 #h1 ,augu/1 #aiaf7 /ates3 ,= _m ye>s ! writ] 0 physician to a *>itable society1 hav+ "u 8 c>e annually #hjj to #a1jjj consumptives :o liv$ 9 pov]ty & want1 9 ov]cr[d$ t5em5ts1 hav+ all opportunities to infect _! consorts2 9 fact mo/ ( ! consumptives %>$ _! b$ ) _! heal?y consorts4 ,/ill1 v few cases 7 met ) 9 :i* tub]culosis 0 f\nd 9 bo? ! husb& & wife4 ,wid[s1 ^: husb&s di$ f ph?isis1 7 only r>ely se5 to develop ! disease4 #fj ,9 #i? ,trans4 ( ,am]ican ,association = ! ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,tub]culosis1 p4 #aag4 #fa ,geographical & ,hi/orical ,pa?ology 7,new ,syd5ham ,society1 #ahhc71 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bff4 #fb ,reid1 ,g4 ,ar*dall1 ,! ,pres5t ,evolution ( ,man1 & ,! ,laws ( ,h]$ity4 #fc ,9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 p4 #bg2 quot$ by ,g4 ,ar*dall ,reid1 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,h]$ity 7,new ,york1 #aije71 p4 #ahc4 ,dr4 ,reid has discuss$ ! rle ( disease & alcohol on ! mod]n evolution ( man m fully ?an any o!r writ]4 #fd ,see1 = example1 ,john ,we/'s ,hi/ory ( ,tasmania1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,launce/on1 ,tasmania1 #aheb4 #fe ,see ,holl+wor?1 ,h4 ,l41 ,vocational ,psy*ology1 p4 #agj1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #ff ,net increase "h ref]s only to ! fir/ ye> ( life1 & 0 comput$ by d$uct+ ! dea?s "u "o ye>1 9 a w>d1 f ! numb] ( bir?s 9 ! same w>d = ! same ye>4 ,= details ( ?is /udy ( ! ,pittsburgh vital /ati/ics1 see ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,vol4 ,,viii1 pp4 #agh-ahc 7,april1 #aiag74 #fg ,quot$ f ,new%olme & ,/ev5son1 ,! ,decl9e ( ,human ,f]tility1 ,london1 #aijf4 #fh ,h]on1 ,david1 ,on ! ,relation ( ,f]tility 9 ,man to ,social ,/atus1 ,london1 #aijf4 ,! acc\nt is quot$ f ,s*u/]1 ,edg>1 ,eug5ics1 pp4 #bbj-bba1 ,london1 #aiac4 #fi ,zts*ft4 f4 ,sozialwiss5s*aft1 ,,vii 7#aijd71 pp4 #a ff4 #gj ,two ( ! be/ kn[n ( ^! tribes are ! ,jukes & ,nams4 ,an analysis ( ! figures ( ! ,jukes 9 reg>d to ! bir?-rate %[s t ( a total ( #djc m>ri$ ,juke wom51 #ccj reproduc$ "o or m *ildr5 & #gc 7 b>r54 ,! av]age fecundity1 c\nt+ ^? :o are b>r51 is #c4ebf *ildr5 p] female4 ,! #ccj wom5 hav+ *ildr5 h an av]age fecundity ( #d4cjf z comp>$ ) t ( #d4jbe1 bas$ on #abj reproduc+ wom5 9 ! ,nam family4--,e/abrook1 ,a4 ,h41 ,! ,jukes 9 #aiae1 p4 #ea1 ,wa%+ton1 ,c>negie ,in/itution1 #aiaf4 #ga ,woods1 ,fr$]ick ,adams1 ,h]$ity 9 ,royalty1 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 #gb ,beeton1 ,miss ,m41 ,yule1 ,g4,u41 & ,pe>son1 ,k>l1 ,on ! ,correlation betwe5 ,duration ( ,life & ! ,numb] ( ,(fspr+1 ,proc4 ,r4 ,s4 ,london1 #fg 7#aijj71 pp4 #aei-aga4 ,! mat]ial consi/$ ( ,engli% & ,am]ican ,quak] families4 ,dr4 ,bell's "w is bas$ on old ,am]ican families1 & has n yet be5 publi%$4 #gc ,! entire field ( race bett]m5t & social improvem5t is divid$ betwe5 eug5ics1 :i* consid]s only g]m9al or h]itable *anges 9 ! race2 & eu!nics1 :i* deals ) improvem5t 9 ! individual1 & 9 8 environm5t4 ,( c\rse1 no %>p l9e c be drawn betwe5 ! two sph]es1 ea* "o hav+ _m indirect effects on ! o!r4 ,x is important to note1 h[ev]1 t any *ange 9 ! individual dur+ 8 pr5atal life is eu!nic1 n eug5ic4 ,!re=e1 contr>y to ! popul> idea ( ! case1 ! ,bett] ,babies movem5t1 ! agitation = prop] c>e ( expectant mo!rs1 & ! l1 are n directly a "p ( eug5ics4 ,! mom5t ( conception is ! po9t at :i* eug5ics gives place to eu!nics4 ,eug5ics is !re=e ! fundam5tal me?od ( human progress1 eu!nics ! second>y "o2 _! relations w be fur!r consid]$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is book4 #gd ,! clan has n[ rea*$ its n9? g5]ation & its pres5t /atus has be5 exhau/ively /udi$ by ,a4 ,h4 ,e/abrook 7,! ,jukes 9 #aiae3 ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiaf74 ,he enum]ates #b1hbj individuals1 ( :om half are /ill liv+4 ,9 ! e>ly #hj's !y left _! orig9al home & are n[ scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,! *ange 9 environm5t has enabl$ "s ( !m to rise to a high] level1 b on ! :ole1 says ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port 9 a preface to ,e/abrook's book1 !y /ill %[ ! same feeble-m9d$ness1 indol5ce1 lic5ti\sness & di%one/y1 ev5 :5 n h&icapp$ by ! associations ( _! bad family "n & despite ! fact ( be+ surr\nd$ by bett] social conditions4 ,e/abrook says ! clan might h be5 ext]m9at$ by prev5t+ ! reproduction ( its memb]s1 & t ! nation w\ld !reby h sav$ ab\t #b1ejj1jjj4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t out ( approximately #fjj liv+ feeble-m9d$ & epileptic ,jukes1 !re are only ?ree n[ 9 cu/odial c>e4 #ge ,key1 ,dr4 ,wilhelm9a ,e41 ,feeble-m9d$ ,citiz5s 9 ,p5nsylvania1 pp4 #aa1 #ab1 ,philadelphia1 ,public ,*>ities ,assn41 #aiae4 #gf ,! mo/ rec5t ext5sive /udy ( ?is po9t is ,a4 ,h4 ,e/abrook's ,! ,jukes 9 #aiae 7,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton1 #aiaf74 ,! ,jukes migrat$ f _! orig9al home1 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,new ,york1 a g5]ation ago1 & are n[ scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,e/abrook tri$ to le>n1 at fir/ h&1 :e!r !y _h improv$ z ! result ( new environm5ts1 & free f ! h&icap ( _! "n1 :i* = _! new neighbors _h no bad associations4 ,9 g5]al1 8 f9d+s seem to w>rant ! conclusion t a *ang$ environm5t 9 itself 0 ( little b5efit4 ,su* improvem5t z occurr$ 9 ! tribe 0 r due to m>riage ) bett] /ock2 m>riages ( ?is k9d 7 made m possible by ! new environm5t1 b ! t5d5cy to assortative mat+ re/rict$ !m4 ,x is fur!r to be not$ t :ile su* m>riages may be good = ! ,juke family1 !y are bad = ! nation z a :ole1 because !y t5d to scatt] anti-social traits4 #gg ,key1 op4 cit41 p4 #g4 #gh ,figures furni%$ 7,septemb]1 #aiag7 by ! ,national ,committee = ,m5tal ,hygi5e1 #ej ,union ,squ>e1 ,new ,york ,city4 #gi ,?is applies ev5 to su* an acute ?9k] z ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ^: ideas 7 =m$ 9 ! pre-,d>w9ian epo*1 & ^: works mu/ n[ be accept$ ) great res]ve4 ,d>w9 0 q "r 9 say+1 ,! ignor+ ( all transmitt$ m5tal qualities w1 z x seems to me1 be h]eaft] judg$ z a mo/ s]i\s blemi% 9 ! works ( ,mr4 ,mill4 7,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ih47 ,a quotation f ! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy 7,vol4 #a1 p4 #chi7 w give an idea ( ,mr4 ,mill's po9t ( view3 ,( all ! vulg> me?ods ( escap+ f ! effects ( social & moral influ5ces on ! m9d1 ! mo/ vulg> is t ( attribut+ div]sities ( conduct & "* to inh]5t natural diff]5ces6 #hj ,feeble-m9d$ness1 its ,causes & ,consequ5ces4 ,by ,h4 ,h4 ,godd>d1 director ( ! ,rese>* ,laboratory ( ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool at ,v9el&1 ,new ,j]sey1 = feeble-m9d$ boys & girls4 ,new ,york1 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 #aiad4 #ha ,probably ! ^w n[ cov]s a cong]ies ( defects1 "s ( :i* may be non-g]m9al4 ,epilepsy is s v g5]ally f\nd associat$ ) v>i\s o!r cong5ital defects1 t action %\ld n be delay$4 #hb ,godd>d1 ,h4 ,h41 ,feeble-,m9d$ness1 pp4 #ad-af4 #hc ,see ! rec5t /udies ( ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 p>ticul>ly ,! ,feebly ,inhibit$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,c>negie ,in/itution1 #aiae4 #hd ,9 ?is connection diagnosis is naturally ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,! rec5t action ( ,*icago1 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & o!r cities1 9 e/abli%+ psy*ological cl9ics = ! exam9ation ( (f5d]s is a great /ep 9 advance4 ,^! cl9ics %\ld be atta*$ to ! police dep>tm5t1 z 9 ,new ,york1 n m]ely to ! c\rts1 & %\ld pass on (f5d]s be=e1 n aft]1 trial & commitm5t4 #he ,z a result ( psy*iatric /udy ( ! inmates ( ,s+ ,s+ 9 #aiaf1 x 0 said t two-?irds ( !m %[$ "s m5tal defect4 ,exam9ation ( #ajj convicts select$ at r&om 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,/ate ,prison %[$ t #bi 7 feeble-m9d$ & #aa bord]l9e cases4 ,! highe/ p]c5tage ( m5tal defectives 0 f\nd among crim9als s]v+ s5t5ce = murd] 9 ! second degree1 manslaught]1 burgl>y & robb]y4 7,rossy1 ,c4 ,s41 9 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,insanity ,bull41 ,bo/on1 ,nov41 #aiae74 ,paul ,m4 ,b[]s told ! #aiaf meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,prison ,association ( 8 /udy ( #ajj recidivi/s1 ea* ( :om _h be5 convict$ n few] ?an f\r times4 ,( ^! #ab 7 insane1 #bc feeble-m9d$ & #aj epileptic1 & 9 ea* case ,dr4 ,b[]s said ! m5tal defect bore a direct causal relation to ! crime committ$4 ,su* /udies argue = ! ne$ ( a little elem5t>y biology 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 #hf ,= a sane & cauti\s discussion ( ! subject see ,wall91 ,j4 ,e4 ,w41 ,a ,program = ! ,/ate ,c>e ( ! ,feeble-,m9d$ & ,epileptic1 ,s*ool & ,society1 ,,iv1 pp4 #gbd-gca1 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #aa1 #aiaf4 #hg ,john/one1 ,e4 ,r41 ,wa/e ,l& ,plus ,wa/e ,humanity1 ,tra9+ ,s*ool ,bullet91 ,,xi1 pp4 #fj-fc1 ,v9el&1 ,n4 ,j41 ,june1 #aiad4 #hh ,report ( ! ,committee on ! ,/]ilization ( ,crim9als1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,in/itute ( ,crim9al ,law & ,crim9ology1 ,septemb]1 #aiaf4 ,( ! op]ations m5tion$1 #fcd are said to h be5 p]=m$ on insane p]sons & "o on a crim9al4 #hi ,guy]1 ,m4 ,f41 ,wiscons9 ,eug5ics ,legislation4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,asso4 ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,infant ,mortality1 #aiag1 pp4 #ib-ig4 #ij ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #aj ,a1 ,! ,scope ( ! ,committee's ,"w1 ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,l4 ,i41 ,feb41 #aiad2 ,no4 #aj ,b1 ,! ,legal1 ,legislative & ,adm9i/rative ,aspects ( ,/]ilization1 same date4 #ia ,eug5ics ,record ,(fice ,bullet9 ,no4 #i3 ,/ate ,laws ,limit+ ,m>riage ,selection ,exam9$ 9 ! ,light ( ,eug5ics4 ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,l4 ,i41 ,june1 #aiac4 #ib ,p5rose1 ,clem5t ,a41 ,sanit>y ,conditions 9 ! ,bahama ,isl&s1 ,geographical ,society ( ,baltimore1 #aije4 #ic ,see von4 ,grub] & ,rd91 ,=tpflanzung1 ,v]]bung1 ,rass5hygi5e1 p4 #afi1 ,mn*51 #aiaa4 #id ,dav5port1 ,*>les ,b41 ,h]$ity 9 ,relation to ,eug5ics1 pp4 #ahd ff41 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 #ie ,h>ris1 ,j4 ,ar?ur1 ,assortative ,mat+ 9 ,man1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,,lxxx1 pp4 #dgf-dic1 ,may1 #aiab4 ,! mo/ important /udies on ! subject are cit$ by ,dr4 ,h>ris4 #if ,an int]e/+ & critical treatm5t ( sexual selection is giv5 by ,v]non ,l4 ,kellogg 9 ,d>w9ism ,to-day1 pp4 #ajf-abh 7,new ,york1 #aijh74 ,d>w9's own discussion 7,! ,desc5t ( ,man7 is /ill v well wor? read+1 if ! read] is on 8 gu>d4 ,! be/ g5]al treatm5t ( ! !ory ( sexual selection1 especially z x applies to man1 is 9 *apt] ,,xi ( ,k>l ,pe>son's ,gramm> ( ,sci5ce 7#b;d ed41 ,london1 #aijj74 #ig ,difflo?1 ,paul1 ,le ,f9 de ,l',enigme1 ,p>is1 #aijg4 #ih ,! be/ popul> yet sci5tific treatm5t ( ! subject we h se5 is ,! ,dynamic ( ,manhood1 a book rec5tly writt5 by ,lu!r ,h4 ,gulick = ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association 7,new ,york1 ,! ,association ,press1 #aiag74 #ii ,! sympa?y :i* we m5tion$ z ! beg9n+ ( ! hypo!tical love affair does lead to a p>tial id5tity ( w1 x is true2 b !re is (t5 too little 9 common betwe5 ! man & woman to make ?is id5tity at all complete4 ,z ,k>l ,pe>son po9ts out1 x is almo/ ess5tial to a successful m>riage t two p h sympa?y ) ea* o!r's aims & a consid]able degree ( simil>ity 9 habits4 ,if su* a bond is lack+1 ! bond ( sympa?y ar\s$ by "s trivial circum/ance w n be suffici5t to keep ! m>riage f %ipwreck4 ,! occasional altruism ( "y m5 :o m>ry inf]ior girls because !y feel sorry = !m is n praisewor?y4 #ajj ,ellis1 ,havelock1 ,! ,task ( ,social ,hygi5e1 pp4 #bjh-bji1 ,bo/on1 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 #aiab4 #aja ,g4 ,/anley ,hall 7,adolesc5ce1 ,,ii1 #aac7 f\nd ! foll[+ po9ts1 9 ord]1 specifi$ z mo/ admir$ 9 ! o!r sex by "y m5 & wom5 9 _! te5s3 eyes1 hair1 /ature & size1 feet1 eyebr[s1 complexion1 *eeks1 =m ( head1 ?roat1 e>s1 *91 h&s1 neck1 nose4 ,! voice 0 highly specializ$ & mu* pref]r$4 ,! pr9cipal dislikes1 9 ord]1 73 prom95t or deep-set eyes1 fullness ( neck1 e>s t /& out1 eyebr[s t meet1 broad & long feet1 high *eek-bones1 light eyes1 l>ge nose1 small /ature1 long neck or tee?1 bu%y br[s1 pimples1 r$ hair4 ,an int]e/+ /udy ( "s ( ! trivial traits ( mann] :i* may be h&icaps 9 sexual selection is publi%$ by ,iva ,l[!r ,pet]s 9 ! ,p$agogical ,sem9>y1 ,,xxiii1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #eej-egj1 ,dec41 #aiaf4 #ajb ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! same goal w\ld be rea*$ if a "y man be=e m>riage w\ld take out a life insurance policy 9 ! "n ( 8 bride4 ,! sugge/ion has _m good po9ts4 #ajc ,! correlation betwe5 fecundity & longevity :i* ,k>l ,pe>son has demon/rat$ gives longevity ano!r great advantage z a /&>d 9 sexual selection4 ,see ,proc4 ,royal ,soc4 ,london1 ,vol4 #fg1 p4 #aei4 #ajd ,x is object$ t if ! long-liv$ m>ry ea* o!r1 ! %ort-liv$ w also m>ry ea* o!r & ?us ! race w ga9 no m ?an x loses4 ,! reply to ?is is t ! %ort-liv$ w m>ry 9 few] numb]s1 z "s ( !m die prematurely2 t !y w h few] *ildr52 & t ^! *ildr5 9 turn w t5d to die "y4 ,?us ! %ort-liv$ /ra9s w gradually run out1 :ile ! long-liv$ /ra9s are dissem9at$4 #aje ,hank9s1 ,f4 ,h41 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-,rate1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,v1 pp4 #cf-ci1 ,augu/1 #aiad4 #ajf ,smi?1 ,m>y ,rob]ts1 ,/ati/ics ( ,college & ,non-college ,wom51 ,qu>t]ly ,pubs4 ( ! ,am]ican ,/ati/ical ,assn41 ,,vii1 p4 #a ff41 #aijj4 #ajg ,/ati/ics ( ,em95t ,wom51 ,pop4 ,sci4 ,mo41 ,june1 #aiac4 #ajh ,m>riage ( ,college ,wom51 ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 ,oct41 #ahie4 #aji ,blum]1 ,j4 ,o41 9 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 p4 #bag1 ,may1 #aiag4 #aaj ,! /ati/ics ( ?is & ! foll[+ middle we/ univ]sities 7 pres5t$ by ,paul ,pop5oe 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #dc-de4 #aaa ,h>v>d ,graduates' ,magaz9e1 ,,xxv1 ,no4 #ig1 pp4 #be-cd1 ,septemb]1 #aiaf4 #aab ,pop5oe1 ,paul1 ,/an=d's ,m>riage-,rate1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 p4 #agj-agc4 #aac ,bank]1 ,h[>d ,j41 ,co-education & ,eug5ics1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bjh-bad1 ,may1 #aiag4 #aad ,eug5ics3 ,twelve ,univ]sity ,lectures1 p4 #i1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 #aae ,cf4 ,g\ld1 ,miriam ,c41 ,! ,psy*ological ,influ5ce ^u ,adolesc5t ,girls ( ! ,k ( ,pro/itution & ,v5]eal ,disease1 ,social ,hygi5e1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #aia-bjg1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,?is int]e/+ & important /udy ( ! reactions ( #ej girls reveals t pres5t me?ods or indiff]5ce to ! ne$ ( reasonable me?ods ( tea*+ sex-hygi5e are responsible = a l>ge p]c5tage ( h>mful results1 su* z conditions bord]+ on neura/h5ia1 melan*olia1 pessimism & sex antagonism4 #aaf ,galli*an1 ,walt] ,m41 ,! ,great ,unm>ri$1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #aag ,sprague1 ,rob]t ,j41 ,education & ,race ,suicide1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 pp4 #aeh ff41 ,april1 #aiae4 ,_m ( ! /ati/ics ( wom5's colleges1 cit$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt]1 are f ,dr4 ,sprague's pap]4 #aah ,od9 calculat$ t #af ( ! em95t m5 ( ,france _h at lea/ "o relative :o 0 9 "s way em95t2 t #bb ( ! m5 ( real tal5t _h su* relation2 & t among ! g5iuses ! p]c5tage rose to #dj4 ,!re are ?us two *ances out ( five t a man ( g5ius w h an em95t relative2 = a man pick$ at r&om f ! population ! *ance is "o 9 sev]al ?\s&4 ,see ,od91 ,a41 ,la ,g5se des ,gr&s ,hommes1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dcb & ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,tableau xii1 ,lausanne1 #ahie4 #aai ,crum1 ,fr$]ick ,s41 ,! ,decad5ce ( ! ,native ,am]ican ,/ock1 ,qu>t]ly ,pubs4 ,am4 ,/ati/ical ,assn41 ,,xiv1 n4 s4 #ajg1 pp4 #bae-bbc1 ,sept41 #aiad4 #abj ,kuczynski1 ,r4 ,r41 ,qu>t]ly ,j\rn4 ( ,economics1 ,nov4 #aija1 & ,feb41 #aijb4 #aba ,ne>+1 ,scott1 ,! ,y\ng] ,g5]ation ( ,am]ican ,g5ius1 ,! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 ,,ii1 pp4 #dh-fa1 ,jan41 #aiaf4 ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ,am]ican ,g5ius1 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,,ii1 ,augu/1 #aiad4 #abb ,9 ! *apt] on ,sexual ,selection x 0 %[n t ! ,normal ,s*ool girls :o /ood highe/ 9 _! classes m>ri$ e>lie/4 ,?is may seem a contradiction ( ! ,wellesley m>riage rates 9 ?is table4 ,! explanation probably is t :ile m5tal sup]iority is itself attractive 9 a mate1 !re are int]f]5ces built up 9 ! collegiate life4 #abc ,bank]1 ,h[>d ,j41 ,co-education & ,eug5ics1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bjh-bad1 ,may1 #aiag4 #abd ,hill1 ,joseph ,a41 ,comp>ative ,fecundity ( ,wom5 ( ,native & ,=eign ,p>5tage1 ,qu>t]ly ,pubs4 ,am]4 ,/ati/ical ,assn41 ,,xiii1 #ehc-fjd4 #abe ,see ,willcox1 ,w4 ,f41 ,few] ,bir?s & ,dea?s3 ,:at ,d ,!y ,mean8 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vii1 pp4 #aai-abh1 ,m>*1 #aiaf4 #abf ,! data are publi%$ 9 full by ,paul ,pop5oe 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,octob]1 #aiag4 ,x mu/ be not$ t1 9 spite ( _! small sal>ies1 ! ,me?odi/ cl]gym5 m>ry e>li] & h m *ildr5 ?an d o!r m5 ( equal education & social /atus1 su* z ! ,h>v>d & ,yale graduates4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 m>riage & bir?-rate is d\btless to be cr$it$ 9 "p to _! inh]5t nature & 9 "p to ! action ( religi\s idealism4 ,x confirms ! belief ( eug5i/s t ev5 "u pres5t economic circum/ances ! bir?-rate ( ! sup]ior classes might be rais$ appreciably by a campaign ( eug5ic education4 #abg ,= an (ficial /atem5t ( ! attitude ( ! bir?-rate ( ! ,mormon *ur*1 see ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vii1 pp4 #dej-dea1 ,oct41 #aiaf4 #abh ,meckl91 ,john ,m41 ,democracy & ,race ,friction1 a ,/udy 9 ,social ,e?ics1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 p4 #adg4 #abi ,x w\ld be m accurate to say ! ,nordic race4 ,o!r :ite races h n uni=mly %[n ?is discrim9ation4 ,! ,m$it]ranean race 9 p>ticul> has nev] manife/$ ! same am\nt ( race feel+4 ,! ,arabs h t5d$ to receive ! ,negro almo/ on t]ms ( equality1 p>tly on religi\s gr\nds2 x seems probable t ! decad5ce ( ! ,arabs is l>gely due to _! misceg5ation4 #acj ,meckl91 op4 cit41 p4 #adg4 #aca ,blasco]1 ,frances1 ,color$ ,s*ool ,*ildr5 9 ,new ,york1 ,public ,education ,association ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 #aiae4 ,! preface1 f :i* ! quotation is tak51 is by ,eleanor ,hope ,johnson1 *airman ( ! committee on hygi5e ( s*ool *ildr54 #acb ,meckl91 op4 cit41 p4 #cb4 #acc ,! ,negro's contribution has p]haps be5 mo/ notewor?y 9 music4 ,?is does n necess>ily %[ advanc$ evolution2 ,augu/ ,weismann long ago po9t$ out t music is a primitive accompli%m5t4 ,= an outl9e ( :at ! ,negro race has a*iev$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,am]ica1 see ! ,negro ,ye> ,book1 ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,ala4 #acd ,social ,problems2 ,_! ,treatm5t1 ,pa/1 ,pres5t & ,future1 p4 #h1 ,london1 #aiab4 #ace ,/etson1 ,g4 ,r41 ,memory ,te/s on ,black & ,:ite ,*ildr51 ,psy*4 ,rev41 #ahig1 p4 #bhe4 ,see also ,mac,donald1 ,a41 9 ,rep4 ,u4 ,s4 ,comm4 ( ,educ41 #ahig-ih4 #acf ,mayo1 ,m4 ,j41 ,! ,m5tal ,capacity ( ! ,am]ican ,negro1 ,ar*4 ( ,psy*41 ,no4 #bh4 #acg ,phillips1 ,b4 ,a41 ,ret>dation 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools ( ,philadelphia1 ,psy*4 ,cl9ic1 ,,vi1 pp4 #gi-ij2 ,! ,b9et ,te/s ,appli$ to ,color$ ,*ildr51 ibid41 ,,viii1 pp4 #aij-aif4 #ach ,/rong1 ,a4 ,c41 ,p$4 ,sem41 ,,xx1 pp4 #dhe-eae4 #aci ,pyle1 ,w4 ,h41 ,! ,m9d ( ! ,negro ,*ild1 ,s*ool & ,society1 ,i1 pp4 #ceg-cfj4 #adj ,f]guson1 ,g4 ,o41 ,jr41 ,! ,psy*ology ( ! ,negro1 ,ar*4 ( ,psy*4 ,no4 #cf1 ,april1 #aiaf4 #ada ,?\gh ! ,negro is n assimilable1 he is "h to /ay2 he %\ld !re=e be help$ to develop along 8 own l9es4 ,x is desirable n to subject him to too sev]e a competition ) :ites2 yet su* competition1 act+ z a /imulus1 is probably responsible = "p ( 8 rapid progress dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 a progress :i* w\ld n h be5 possible 9 a c\ntry :]e ,negroes compet$ only ) ea* o!r4 ,! be/ way to temp] competition is by diff]5tiation ( function1 b ?is pr9ciple %\ld n be c>ri$ to ! ext5t ( pocket+ ! ,negro 9 bl9d-alley occupations :]e developm5t is impossible4 ,z m5tal te/s %[ him to be less suit$ to lit]>y education ?an are ! :ites1 x seems likely t agriculture (f]s ! be/ field = him4 #adb ,?is lett]1 & mu* ( ! data reg>d+ ! legal /atus ( ,negro-:ite amalgamation1 are f an article by ,alb]t ,erne/ ,j5ks 9 ! ,am4 ,j\rn4 ,sociology1 ,,xxi1 #e1 pp4 #fff-fgi1 ,m>*1 #aiaf4 #adc ,a rec5t readable acc\nt ( ! races ( ! _w is ,madison ,grant's ,! ,pass+ ( ! ,great ,race 7,new ,york1 #aiaf74 #add ,! ,old ,_w 9 ! ,new4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,ross1 pr(essor ( ,sociology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 #ade ,cf4 ,/ev5son1 ,rob]t ,l\is1 ,! ,amateur ,emigrant4 #adf ,int]view ) ,w4 ,williams1 =m] commission] ( immigration1 9 ! ,new ,york ,h]ald1 ,april #ac1 #aiab4 #adg ,( ! total numb] ( inmates ( insane asylums ( ! entire ,u4 ,s4 ( ,jan4 #a1 #aiaj1 #bh4h 7 :ites ( =eign bir?1 & ( ! p]sons admitt$ to su* in/itutions dur+ ! ye> #aiaj1 #be4e 7 ( ?is class4 ,( ! total population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiaj ! =eign-born :ites con/itut$ #ad4e4 ,special report on ! insane1 ,c5sus ( #aiaj 7pub4 #aiad74 #adh ,! ,tide ( ,immigration4 ,by ,frank ,julian ,w>ne1 special exp]t on =eign-born population1 #ac? ,u4 ,s4 ,c5sus1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #adi ,essays 9 ,social ,ju/ice4 ,by ,?omas ,nixon ,c>v]1 pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,cambridge1 #aiae4 #aej ,fair*ild's & ,j5ks' op9ions are quot$ f ,w>ne1 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 #aea ,am]ica & ! ,ori5t3 ,a ,con/ructive ,policy1 by ,rev4 ,sidney ,l4 ,gulick1 ,me?odi/ ,book ,conc]n4 ,! ,am]ican ,japanese ,problem3 a ,/udy ( ! ,racial ,relations ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,new ,york1 ,scribn]'s4 #aeb ,ori5tal ,immigration4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,bill+s1 surgeon1 ,u4 ,s4 ,public ,heal? ,s]vice2 ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic]1 ,immigration ,s]vice2 ,angel ,isl& 7,san ,francisco71 ,calif41 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,vol4 ,,vi 7#aiae71 pp4 #dfb-dfg4 #aec ,assimilation 9 ! ,philipp9es1 etc4 ,by ,alb]t ,erne/ ,j5ks1 pr(essor ( an?ropology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,,xix 7#aiad71 p4 #ghc4 #aed ,/ud5ts ( ! inh]itance ( m5tal & moral traits may be int]e/$ to note t :ile ! ord9>y ,*9ese me/izo 9 ! ,philipp9es is a man ( probity1 :o has ! high reg>d ( 8 ,european bus9ess associates1 ! ,ilocanos1 suppos$ desc5dants ( pirates1 are consid]$ r tricky & di%one/4 #aee ,an important /udy ( ?is subject 0 publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,v]non ,l4 ,kellogg 9 ,social ,hygi5e 7,new ,york71 ,dec1 #aiad4 #aef ,nasmy?1 ,george1 ,social ,progress & ! ,d>w9ian ,!ory1 p4 #adf1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 ,:ile 8 book is too p>tisan1 8 ,*apt] ,,iii is well wor? read+ by ^? :o want to avoid ! gross blund]s :i* milit>i/s & _m biologi/s h made 9 apply+ ,d>w9ism to social progress2 x is bas$ on ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,novikov ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,odessa4 ,see also ,headqu>t]s ,nights by ,v]non ,kellogg4 #aeg ,jordan1 ,d4 ,s41 & ,jordan1 ,h4 ,e41 ,w>'s ,aft]ma?1 ,bo/on1 #aiae4 #aeh ,jordan1 ,david ,/>r1 ,w> & ! ,bre$1 p4 #afd4 ,bo/on1 #aiae4 ,*ancellor ,jordan has long be5 ! =emo/ expon5t ( ! dysg5ic significance ( w>1 & ?is book gives an excell5t summ>y ( ! problem f 8 po9t ( view4 #aei ,see ,woods1 ,fr$]ick ,adams1 & ,baltzly1 ,alex&]1 ,is ,w> ,dim9i%+8 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #afj ,see an int]e/+ s]ies ( five articles 9 ,! ,am]ican ,hebrew1 ,jan & ,feb41 #aiag4 #afa ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bgg-bhc1 ,june1 #aiag4 #afb ,! ,e>ly ,life ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,new ,york1 #ahif4 ,= ! ,emancipator's mat]nal l9e see ,nancy ,hanks1 by ,c>ol9e ,hanks ,hit*cock4 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 #afc ,! ,life ( ,pa/eur by 8 son-9-law1 ,r5 ,vall]y ,radot1 %\ld be read by e /ud5t ( biology4 #afd ,holl+wor?1 ,h4 ,l41 ,vocational ,psy*ology1 pp4 #bab-bac1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #afe ,sir ,francis ,galton & ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port h call$ att5tion to ! probable inh]itance ( arti/ic ability & lately ,h4 ,dr9kwat] 7,j\rnal ( ,g5etics1 ,july1 #aiaf71 has attempt$ to prove t x is due to a ,m5delian unit4 ,! evid5ce alleg$ is inadequate to prove t ! trait is inh]it$ 9 any p>ticul> way1 b ! p$igrees cit$ by ^! ?ree inve/igators1 & ! boyhood hi/ories ( su* arti/s z ,b5jam9 ,we/1 ,giotto1 ,rusk9 & ,turn]1 indicate t an h]$it>y basis exi/s4 #aff ,! difficulty ab\t accept+ su* traits z ?is is t !y are almo/ impossible ( exact def9ition4 ,! long tea*+ exp]i5ce ( ,mrs4 ,evelyn ,flet*]-,copp 7,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vii1 #big-cje1 ,july1 #aiaf7 sugge/s t any *ild ( ord9>y ability c & w compose music if prop]ly taught1 b ( c\rse 9 diff]5t degree4 #afg ,sea%ore1 ,c4 ,e41 9 ,psy*ol4 ,monogs1 ,,xiii1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #ba-fj1 ,dec41 #aiaj4 ,see also ,flet*]-,copp1 ubi sup4 ,mrs4 ,copp decl>es t ! gift ( positive pit* or absolute pit*1 i4 e41 ! ability to "n any s\nd t is he>d1 may be acquir$1 speak+ v cons]vatively1 by #hj ( normal *ildr51 if !y beg9 at an e>ly age4 ,x may be t ?is discrepancy ) ,sea%ore's c>eful laboratory te/s is due to ! fact t ! pupils & tea*]s tra9$ by ,mrs4 ,copp are a select$ lot1 to />t )4 #afh ,! contributions on ?is subject are v widely scatt]$ ?r\gh p]iodical lit]ature4 ,! mo/ important is ,k>l ,pe>son's memoir 7#aiad71 review$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ccb-ccf1 ,july1 #aiae4 ,see also ,g9i1 ,corrado1 ,! ,sup]iority ( ! ,elde/1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vi1 #cg-ci1 ,jan41 #aiae4 #afi ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bii-cjb1 ,july1 #aiag4 #agj ,biometrika1 ,,iv1 pp4 #bcc-bhf1 ,london1 #aije4 #aga ,see1 = example1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #cid-cif1 ,septemb]1 #aiag4 ,a l>ge body ( evid5ce f ,european s\rces1 be>+ on ! relation betwe5 v>i\s *>act]s ( ! (fspr+1 & ! age ( ! p>5ts1 0 br\ght toge!r by ,corrado ,g9i 9 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,problems 9 ,eug5ics 7,london1 #aiac74 #agb ,dav5port1 ,*>les ,b41 ,! ,p]sonality1 ,h]$ity & ,"w ( ,*>les ,otis ,:itman1 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,,li1 pp4 #e-cj1 ,jan41 #aiag4 #agc ,gillette1 ,john ,m41 ,con/ructive ,rural ,sociology1 p4 #hi1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #agd ,cook1 ,o4 ,f41 ,eug5ics & ,agriculture1 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,vii1 pp4 #bdi-bed1 ,june1 #aiaf4 #age ,gillette1 ,john ,m41 ,a ,/udy 9 ,social ,dynamics3 ,a ,/ati/ical ,det]m9ation ( ! ,rate ( ,natural ,increase & ( ! ,factors ,acc\nt+ = ! ,increase ( ,population 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,qu>t]ly ,publications ( ! ,am]ican ,/ati/ical ,association1 n4 s4 #aaf1 ,vol4 ,,xv1 pp4 #cde-chj1 ,decemb]1 #aiaf4 #agf ,! popul> dem& = equality ( opportunity is1 if tak5 lit]ally1 absurd1 9 ! light ( ! provable inequality ( abilities4 ,:at is want$ is m correctly def9$ z an equal consid]ation ( all ) an appropriate opportunity = ea* bas$ on 8 demon/rat$ capacities4 #agg ,essays 9 ,social ,ju/ice4 ,by ,?omas ,nixon ,c>v]1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiae1 pp4 #afh-afi4 #agh ,answ]+ ! "q ,h[ ,mu* is a ,man ,wor?8 ,pr(essor ,c>v] /ates ! foll[+ axioms3 ,! value ( a man equals 8 production m9us 8 consumption4 ,8 economic success equals 8 acquisition m9us 8 consumption4 ,:5 8 acquisition equals 8 production !n 8 economic success equals 8 value4 ,x is ! duty ( ! /ate to make ea* man's acquisition equal 8 production4 ,t is ju/ice4 ,( c\rse1 production is "h us$ 9 a broad s5se1 to mean ! real social value ( ! s]vices r5d]$1 & n m]ely ! pres5t ex*ange value ( ! s]vices1 or ! goods produc$4 #agi ,kornhaus]1 ,a4 ,w41 ,economic ,/&+ ( ,p>5ts & ! ,intellig5ce ( _! ,*ildr51 ,j\r4 ( ,educ4 ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,ix41 pp4 #aei-afd1 ,m>*1 #aiah4 #ahj ,! coeffici5t ( cont+5cy is simil> 9 significance to ! coeffici5t ( correlation1 ) :i* read]s h already become famili>4 ,miss ,p]r9's /udy is 9 ,biometrika1 ,,iii 7#aijd71 pp4 #dfg-dfi4 #aha ,! ,social ,wa/e ( ,unguid$ ,p]sonal ,ability4 ,by ,erville ,b4 ,woods1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,,xix 7#aiac71 pp4 #ceh-cfi4 #ahb ,see also ,eug5ics3 ,) ,special ,ref]5ce to ,intellect & ,"*1 by ,e4 ,l4 ,?orndike4 ,9 ,eug5ics3 ,twelve ,univ]sity ,lectures1 pp4 #cai-cdb1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 #ahc ,see ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 ,*ildr5's ,bureau ,publication1 ,no4 #g1 ,laws ,relat+ to ,mo!rs' ,p5sions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,d5m>k & ,new ,zeal&1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiad4 #ahd ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,,xx1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #if-ajc1 ,july1 #aiad4 #ahe ,accord+ to ,capta9 7n[ ,lt4 ,col47 ,e4 ,b4 ,v$d] ( ! ,m$ical ,corps1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 #ej ( ! ,negroes ( ! class apply+ = enli/m5t 9 ! army are syphilitic4 ,he believes t ! am\nt ( infection among ,negro wom5 is ab\t ! same4 7,!rapeutic ,gazette1 ,may #ae1 #aiaf47 ,v5]eal disease mu/1 !n1 play a mu* m important "p ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 9 cutt+ d[n ! bir?-rate ( ! ,negro race1 b x w\ld ( c\rse be a mi/ake to suppose t an abnormally l[ bir?-rate among ,negroes is always to be expla9$ on ?is gr\nd4 ,pr(essor ,kelly ,mill] po9ts out 7,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 ,june1 #aiag7 t ! bir?-rate among college pr(essors at ,h[>d ,univ]sity1 ! lead+ ,negro in/itution = high] education1 is only #j4g ( a *ild & t ! complet$ families w h>dly h m ?an two *ildr54 ,he attributes ?is to 7#a7 ! long p]iod ( education requir$ ( ,negro intellectuals1 7#b7 ! high /&>d ( liv+ requir$ ( !m1 & 7#c7 ! unwill+ness ( "s ( !m to br+ *ildr5 into ! _w1 because ( ! feel+ t ^! *ildr5 w\ld suff] f race prejudice4 #ahf ,"o c n draw a h>d & fa/ di/9ction betwe5 reason & in/9ct 9 ?is way1 nor d5y to animals all ability to reason4 ,we h simplifi$ ! case to make x m graphic4 ,! fact t high] animals may h m5tal processes correspond+ to "s ( ^? we call reason 9 man does n impair ! validity ( our g5]alization1 = ! pres5t purpose4 #ahg ,see ,jewi% ,eug5ics & ,o!r ,essays1 ,by ,rabbi ,max ,rei*l]1 ,new ,york1 ,blo* ,publi%+ ,co41 #aiaf4 #ahh ,dubl91 ,l\is ,i41 ,significance ( ! ,decl9+ ,bir? ,rate1 ,congressional ,record1 ,jan4 #aa1 #aiah4 #ahi ,at ! reque/ ( ,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 f\nd] & director ( ! ,g5ealogical ,record ,(fice1 ,paul ,pop5oe made an exam9ation & report on ^! records 9 ! fall ( #aiaf4 ,?anks are due to ,dr4 ,bell = p]mitt+ ! use 9 ?is *apt] ( two portions ( ! inve/igation4 #aij ,beeton1 ,m>y1 & ,k>l ,pe>son1 ,biometrika ,i1 p4 #fj4 ,! actual correlation v>ies ) ! age & sex3 ! foll[+ are ! results3 ,,collat]al ,,inh]itance ,eld] adult bro!r & y\ng] adult bro!r 4#bbij 4#jaid ,adult bro!r & adult bro!r 4#bhec 4#jaif ,m9or bro!r & m9or bro!r 4#ajbf 4#jbid ,adult bro!r & m9or bro!r -4#jbfb 4#jbdf ,eld] adult si/] & y\ng] adult si/] 4#cdfd 4#jahc ,adult si/] & adult si/] 4#ccbb 4#jahe ,m9or si/] & m9or si/] 4#agdh 4#jcjg ,adult si/] & m9or si/] -4#jbfj 4#jbia ,adult bro!r & adult si/] 4#bcai 4#jade ,m9or bro!r & m9or si/] 4#adce 4#jbea ,adult bro!r & m9or si/] -4#jjfb 4#jcdi ,adult si/] & m9or bro!r -4#jbgd 4#jbch #aia ,! me?od us$ is ! +5i\s "o devis$ by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,h>ris 7,biometrika ,,ix1 p4 #dfa74 ,! probable error is bas$ on n#ajj4 #aib ,a4 ,ploetz1 ,leb5sdau] d] ,elt]n und ,k9d]/]bli*keit1 ,ar*iv fr ,rass5-u ,gesells*afts-,biologie1 ,,vi 7#aiji71 pp4 #cc-dc4 #aic ,or x may be suppos$ t ! environm5t is s good z to make a non-selective dea? less likely1 & !re=e su* dea?s z d occur mu/ m frequ5tly be selective4 #aid ,hibbs1 ,h5ry ,h41 ,jr41 ,infant ,mortality3 ,its ,relation to ,social & ,indu/rial ,conditions1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #aie ,see ,ca/le1 ,w4 ,e41 ,h]$ity1 pp4 #cj-cb1 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 #aif ,doll1 ,e4 ,a41 ,education & ,inh]itance1 ,j\rnal ( ,education1 ,feb4 #a1 #aiag4 #aig ,atwat]'s celebrat$ exp]im5ts prov$ t all ! en]gy 7food7 :i* goes into an animal c be acc\nt$ = 9 ! output ( heat or "w4 ,!y are conv5i5tly summ>iz$ 9 ,abd]hald5's ,text-book ( ,physiological ,*emi/ry1 p4 #cce4 #aih ,9 ?is connection see f>!r ,raymond ,pe>l's review ( ,mr4 ,r$field's ,dynamic ,evolution 7,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity7 ,,vi1 p4 #bed1 & ,paul ,pop5oe's review1 ,! ,p>5ts ( ,great ,m51 ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #djj-djh4 #aii ,see ,dr4 ,hrdlicka's communication to ! ,x,i,xth ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 ,dec4 #bh1 #aiae 7! proce$+s 7 publi%$ at ,wa%+ton1 9 ,m>*1 #aiag72 or an acc\nt 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 pp4 #ih ff41 ,m>*1 #aiag4 #bjj ,cf4 ,grant1 ,madison1 ,! ,pass+ ( ! ,great ,racep4 #gd 7,new ,york1 #aiaf73 ,"o (t5 he>s ! /atem5t made t native ,am]icans ( ,colonial ance/ry are ( mix$ e?nic orig94 ,?is is n true4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> ! settl]s 9 ! #ac colonies 7 n only purely ,nordic1 b also purely ,teutonic1 a v l>ge majority be+ ,anglo-,saxon 9 ! mo/ limit$ mean+ ( t t]m4 ,! ,new ,engl& settl]s 9 p>ticul> came f ^? c\nties 9 ,engl& :]e ! blood 0 almo/ purely ,saxon1 ,anglian1 & ,dane4 #bja ,compris+ ,arm5ians1 ,croatians1 ,engli%1 ,greeks1 ,russian ,jews1 ,iri%1 ,s\? ,italians1 ,nor? ,italians1 ,magy>s1 ,poles1 ,rumanians & ,russians1 #ejj individuals 9 all4 #bjb ,engli% data f ,k4 ,pe>son1 ,biometrika ,v1 p4 #abd4 #bjc ,pe>son 7ubi supra7 measur$ #ab-ye>-old ,engli% s*ool *ildr51 & f\nd ! av]age cephalic index = #bbih boys to be #gh4hh1 ) ,greek3 s #c4b1 = #bahh girls #gh4dc1 ) ,greek3 s #c4i4 ,x is n prop] to comp>e adolesc5ts ) adults1 h[ev]4 #bjd ,sewall ,wright has po9t$ out 7,j\rnal ( ,h]$ity1 ,,viii1 p4 #cgf7 t ! :ite blaze 9 ! hair c n be f9ally class$ z dom9ant or recessive until ! prog5y ( two affect$ p]sons h be5 se54 ,all mat+s s f> /udi$ h be5 betwe5 an affect$ p]son & a normal4 ,x may be t ! :ite blaze 7or piebaldism7 repres5ts m]ely a het]ozyg\s condition1 & t ! trait is really a recessive4 ,! same argum5t applies to bra*ydactyly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 adv]tisem5ts ( a few ( ! ,macmillan books on k9dr$ subjects4 ,comp>ative ,free ,gov]nm5t ,,by ,,jesse ,,macy ,pr(essor ,em]itus ( ,political ,sci5ce ,,& ,,john ,w4 ,,gannaway ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce 9 ,gr9nell ,college ,clo?1 #hvo1 #b4be ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is made ! basis = ?is /udy because x has be5 9 fact ! pione] 9 secur+ _w recognition = free gov]nm5t1 & x is ! orig9ator ( ! ,presid5tial type4 ,! fir/ "p ( ,comp>ative ,free ,gov]nm5t is devot$ to a some:at detail$ description ( ! organization & processes ( gov]nm5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 toge!r ) a brief comp>ative /udy ( select$ ,s\? ,am]ican republics4 ,! second "p is devot$ *iefly to a /udy ( ! cab9et type4 ,engl& is giv5 fir/ place z ! orig9ator ( ! sy/em4 ,! object ( ! book is to ?r[ light ^u ! gr[? & p]fection ( free gov]nm5t 9 all /ates r ?an to make a g5]al comp>ison ( gov]nm5tal in/itutions4 ,x is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to use z a text 9 college c\rses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,problems ( ,*ild ,welf>e ,by ,,george ,b4 ,,mangold1 ,ph4,d4 ,director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,social ,economy ( ,wa%+ton ,univ]sity ,clo?1 #hvo1 #b4jj ,al?\gh ?is book is design$ especially = use z a text 9 college c\rses on philan?ropy1 x w also appeal to t gr[+ class ( m5 & wom5 :o 9 a sy/ematic way are endeavor+ to acqua9t !mselves ) ! v>i\s aspects ( practical sociology4 ,mu* ( ! con/ructive philan?ropy ( to-day mu/ deal directly ) ! *ild1 ! improvem5t ( 8 conditions be+ ! direct objective4 ,^? problems :i* affect *ildr5 9 an indirect way1 :e!r 9 ! field ( rem$ial or prev5tive philan?ropy1 are n treat$4 ,"u ea* sep>ate problem are discuss$ ! causes & conditions1 ! ma*9]y ( social bett]m5t1 & ! plans & programme ( improvem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,social ,,sci5ce ,,text-,,books ,,edit$ ,,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely 99 99 99 99 99 ,hi/ory ( ,economic ,?\ght ,a ,critical ,acc\nt ( ! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ! ,economic ,!ories ( ! ,lead+ ,?9k]s & ! ,lead+ ,nations4 ,by ,,lewis ,h4 ,,haney ,clo?1 xvii #efg pp41 #hvo1 #b4jj ,dr4 ,haney's "w is bo? complete & exhau/ive )\t be+ discursive4 ,we %all look f> be=e f9d+ any?+ ( its k9d s satisfy+4--,! ,argonaut4 ,?is valuable precis ( ! _w's economic wisdom s]ves n only z a tru/wor?y text-book1 b also z an au?oritative d5otem5t ( old economic l&m>ks4 ,9 ! light x ca/s on bygone comm]cial & political conditions1 ! rapid progress & impulsive *anges 9 pres5t-day me?ods ( trade & legislation become cle>ly outl9$ & intelligible4--,am]ican1 ,philadelphia4 ,! pres5t volume is ( suitable compass1 & ! treatm5t is su* z to make x satisfactory z a text-book4--,! ,nation4 ,! book %\ld be ( value to ,engli% read]s & /ud5ts ( economics1 = unlike ,fr5* & ,g]man economic writ]s1 :o h produc$ sev]al hi/ories ( economic ?\ght1 only "o has be5 writt5 previ\sly 9 ,engli%1 & t is n[ out ( date4 ,dr4 ,haney has made a di/9ct contribution to economic lit]ature & "o reflect+ cr$it on ,am]ican s*ol>%ip4--,! ,bo/on ,transcript4 99 99 99 99 99 ,outl9es ( ,sociology ,,by ,,frank ,w4 ,,blackm> ,pr(essor ( ,sociology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,,& ,,john ,l4 ,,gill9 ,associate ,pr(essor ( ,sociology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 #ehf pp41 cr[n octavo1 #b4be ,9 ?is volume n only ! !oretical phases ( sociology are treat$ ) "s degree ( complet5ess1 b ! practical be>+s ( ! sci5ce are also br\ght out 9 a s]ies ( *apt]s deal+ ) social pa?ology & me?ods ( social inve/igation4 ,?is survey ( ! :ole field1 includ+ bo? ! !oretical & ! s-call$ practical1 f9ds its ju/ification 9 ! unity x gives to sociology 9 ! m9d ( ! beg9n]4 ,x prev5ts t vici\s "o-sid$ness sometimes result+ f a /udy ( "o phase ( a subject be=e a g5]al survey has be5 made4 ,) ?is purpose 9 m9d ! subject-matt] has be5 gr\p$ "u ! foll[+ head+s3 ,"p ,i4 ,! ,nature & ,import ( ,sociology2 ,"p ,,ii4 ,social ,evolution2 ,"p ,,iii4 ,socialization & ,social ,control2 ,"p ,,iv4 ,social ,ideals2 ,"p ,v4 ,social ,pa?ology2 ,"p ,,vi4 ,me?ods ( ,social ,inve/igation2 ,"p ,,vii4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,sociology4 ,x has be5 ! endeavor ( ! au?ors to br+ toge!r 9 ?is book ! results ( ! mo/ rec5t discussions 9 ! v>i\s fields ( sociology1 to pres5t ! accept$ conclusions ( sociologi/s respect+ ! orig91 nature1 /ructure1 functions & abnormal ph5om5a ( society )\t controv]sy1 & 9 a simple1 direct way suit$ to ! ord9>y college und]graduate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,social ,problems1 ,a ,/udy ( ,ev]yday ,social ,conditions ,by ,,ezra ,,?ay] ,,t[ne1 ,ph4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,economics & ,political ,sci5ce1 ,c>leton ,college #a4jj ,a c>efully writt5 record & analysis ( ! gr[? 9 mod]n society ( ! attempt to deal intellig5tly ) social problems1 su*1 = in/ance1 z immigration1 unemploym5t1 divorce1 liquor1 cons]vation1 & s on4 ,dr4 ,t[ne has c>ri$ out ?is task ) excell5t judgm5t & intellig5ce4 ,a valuable book = any libr>y4--,outlook4 ,a tea*] w\ld f9d ?is book admirable = private /udy2 a solit>y /ud5t ) its aid might g f> t[>d ma/]+ ^! subjects4--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,pr(essor ,t[ne ( ,c>leton ,college has r5d]$ good public s]vice 9 furni%+ ! be/ introduction to ! /udy ( pres5t day social conditions :i* has yet appe>$ = ! use ( high s*ool & und]graduate college /ud5ts4 ,up to date1 well proportion$1 progressive 9 attitude & _s1 yet cons]vatively s\nd 9 judgm5t1 x c sc>cely fail to fulfil its purpose to give to all :o /udy x a 'bett] und]/&+ ( our own times' & pro( ( '! possibility ( wise1 sane1 con/ructive social action4'--,survey4 ,pr(4 ,t[ne aid$ by a lucid /yle & ! ability to make /ati/ics int]e/+ has /ripp$ ! subjects he deals ) to _! b>e/ necessities & has pack$ into ! book ! k9d ( in=mation t w /imulate to fur!r /udy & rese>* ^? :o are at all int]e/$ 9 /r5g!n+ civilization :]e evil conditions sap its vitality4--,philadelphia ,press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,outl9es ( ,economics ,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons92 ,,?omas ,s4 ,,adams1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ,yale ,univ]sity2 ,,max ,o4 ,,lor5z1 ,associate ,/ati/ician ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 & ,pr(essor ,a4 ,a4 ,,"y ( ,cornell4 ,?ird ,revis$ ,edition1 ,clo?1 #hvo1 #b4be ,x is a sign ( ! "t :5 su* a /&>d & au?oritative book z ?is requires su* revision = its ?ird edition t x 0 n possible to use ! old type4 ,! *apt]s on transportation1 insurance1 socialism1 & agriculture ne$$ expansion to include legislation4 ,! ,f$]al ,res]ve sy/em dem&$ a *apt] to itself1 & s did labor legislation4 ,! /ati/ics & ref]5ces h be5 br\ght d[n to date1 & ! book 9 g5]al is m useful to ! tea*]1 & m attractive to ! read]4 ,! au?ors are bo? op5-m9d$ & cons]vative1 n condemn+ new ideas = _! newness nor yet accept+ !m = ! same reason & )\t *all5ge4 ,! book is a useful antidote to ! economic poisons :i* comm& att5tion ?r\gh _! promises ( ! mill5nium1 :i* !y are less able to deliv]1 nev]!less1 ?an writ]s l ^! ^: imag9ations & b5evol5ce are correct$ by _! k4--,new ,york ,times4 ,s f> z ! practical side ( ! subjects ) :i* ?is volume deals is conc]n$1 ev]y?+ has be5 done by ! au?ors to keep _! "w abrea/ ( ! times & ! late/ developm5ts s t ! read]s & /ud5ts may f9d !re ! important ?+s ( contempor>y record z well z ! highlights ( economic hi/ory4 ,! !oretical side ( economics has n be5 neglect$ 9 ?is g5]al revision & t *apt] has be5 simplifi$ & made m easily compreh5sible to ^? fir/ ent]+ ! /udy ( ?is subject4 ,?is volume ma9ta9s ! same high /&>d x held at ! "t x 0 fir/ publi%$4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ books on ?is subject4--,philadelphia ,press4 ,anyone :o got 8 f\ndations 9 political economy out ( ! text-books ( ! la/ g5]ation _c fail to be /ruck ) ! enorm\s range ( subjects cov]$ 9 su* a book z ?is1 comp>$ ) :at 0 !n includ$2 & !re is always "s dang] t 9 ! m9d ( ! /ud5t ?is weal? ( mat]ial1 important z x is1 may yet c>ry ) x ! drawback ( m or less subm]g+ ! c5tral tru?s4 ,9 ,pr(essor ,ely's book1 ! di/ribution ( emphasis1 z well z ( space1 is su* z to r$uce ?is dang]4--,! ,nation4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,publi%]s #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue ,new ,york ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica