,,! ,,plattsburg ,,manual ,a ,,h&book ,,= ,,milit>y ,,tra9+ ,,by ,o4 ,o4 ,,ellis ,,major1 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,infantry ,,& ,e4 ,b4 ,,g>ey ,,major1 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,infantry 7,,in/ructors1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp1 #aiaf7 7,,in/ructors1 ,,(fic]s' ,,tra9+ ,,camp1 ,,ft4 ,,mcph]son1 ,,ga41 #aiag7 7,,in/ructors1 ,,(fic]s' ,,tra9+ ,,camp1 ,,ft4 ,,ogle?orpe1 ,,ga41 #aiag7 ,,) ,,m ,,?an #bbj ,,illu/rations ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,c5tury ,,co4 #aiah ,copyright1 #aiag1 by ,! ,c5tury ,co4 ,publi%$1 ,m>*1 #aiag ,second ,edition1 ,m>*1 #aiag ,?ird ,edition1 ,april1 #aiag ,f\r? ,edition1 ,april1 #aiag ,fif? ,edition1 ,may1 #aiag ,six? ,edition1 ,may1 #aiag ,sev5? ,edition1 ,augu/1 #aiag ,eigh? ,edition4 ,septemb]1 #aiag ,n9? ,edition1 ,janu>y1 #aiah ,t5? ,edition1 ,may1 #aiah ,,to ,,^? ,,f>-,,see+ ,,m5 ,,:o ,,inaugurat$ ,,& ,,att5d$ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,f$]al ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,,?is ,,text ,,is ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$ ,,=eword ,! ,plattsburg ,manual1 writt5 by ,majors ,ellis & ,g>ey1 w prove v useful to m5 :o are contemplat+ milit>y tra9+4 ,x w also be ( great value to ^? :o are und]go+ tra9+4 ,x is full ( practical in=mation pres5t$ 9 a simple & direct mann] & gives 9 detail mu* data n easily f\nd else:]e4 ,x is a useful book1 easily und]/&able by ^? :o h _h little or no milit>y exp]i5ce4 ,x w be useful n only at tra9+ camps b x w be ( v great value at s*ools & colleges :]e milit>y in/ruction is be+ giv54 ,! au?ors ( ?is book h p]=m$ a valuable s]vice1 "o :i* w t5d to facilitate & aid v mu* ! developm5t ( milit>y tra9+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 addition to ! purely me*anical details ( tra9+ ! book pres5ts 9 a v effective & simple mann] ! tactical use ( troops "u v>i\s conditions4 ,9 a ^w x is a useful & s\nd "w & "o :i* c be comm5d$ to ^? :o contemplate a c\rse 9 milit>y tra9+4 7,sign$7 ,leon>d ,wood1 ,major ,g5]al ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,febru>y #bg1 #aiag4 ,,preface ,?is book is int5d$ to s]ve z a f\ndation ^u :i* ! milit>y beg9n] may build s t he may 9 "t be able to /udy ! te*nical s]vice manuals intellig5tly4 ,x has be5 writt5 z an elem5t>y textbook = ^? :o desire to become ,res]ve ,(fic]s1 = s*ools & colleges1 & = ^? :o may be call$ to ! colors4 ,! au?ors h comm&$ companies at ,plattsburg1 ,new ,york1 &1 not+ ! ne$ ( su* a text1 compil$ _! obs]vations :ile !re4 ,! av]age man und]go+ milit>y tra9+ wants to "k z mu* z possible ab\t ! art & sci5ce ( w>4 ,he wants to acquire a good k ( ! pr9ciples involv$4 ,he is int]e/$ 9 ! te*nique ( movem5ts4 ,he is will+ to "w = ^! ?+s1 b he (t5 becomes lo/ 9 confusion :5 he attempts to /udy ! te*nical s]vice manuals4 ,he does n "k h[ to select ! mo/ important & omit ! less important4 ,! au?ors h select$ f ! /&>d texts "s ( ! vitally important subjects & pr9ciples & h pres5t$ !m to ! civilian 9 a simple & pla9 way4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! text is = ! beg9n]4 ,x tells him h[ to prep>e physically = /r5u\s milit>y "w4 ,aft] assi/+ him ?r\gh ! elem5t>y "p ( 8 in/ruction1 x pres5ts = 8 consid]ation & /udy ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 ,! second "p1 or supplem5t1 is a m te*nical discussion ( ^? subjects introduc$ 9 ! fir/4 ,x is int5d$ pr9cipally = ^? :o h made excell5t progress4 ,,cont5ts ,i ,g5]al ,advice #c ,,ii ,physical ,ex]cise #ba ,,iii ,s*ool ( ! ,soldi] #bh ,,iv ,s*ool ( ! ,squad #fc ,v ,s*ool ( ! ,company #hf ,,vi ,fire ,sup]iority #acj ,,vii ,! ,s]vice ( ,security #acf ,,viii ,attack & ,def5se #add ,,ix ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,t>get ,practice #aec ,x ,practice ,m>* or ,hike #aei ,,xi ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps #afi ,,supplem5t ,i ,! ,!ory ( ,security #bba ,,ii ,attack & ,def5se #bdb ,,iii ,patroll+ #bed ,,iv ,t>get ,practice #bfj ,v ,t5t ,pit*+ #bib ,,vi ,signals & ,codes #big ,,vii ,fir/ ,aid to ! ,injur$ #cji ,app5dixes #cba ,index #cca ,,! ,,plattsburg ,,manual ,,*apt] ,i ,,g5]al ,,advice ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is divid$ geographically into milit>y dep>tm5ts ) a g5]al (fic] comm&+ ea* dep>tm5t4 ,! dep>tm5ts & _! headqu>t]s are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! ,nor!a/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) headqu>t]s at ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) headqu>t]s at ,gov]nors ,isl&1 ,new ,york4 7#c7 ,! ,s\!a/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 7#d7 ,! ,c5tral ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 7#e7 ,! ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,=t ,sam ,h\/on1 ,texas4 7#f7 ,! ,we/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia4 ,ov]seas 7#g7 ,! ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,dep>tm5ts ,manila4 7#h7 ,! ,hawaiian ,dep>tm5t1 ,dep>tm5ts ) ,headqu>t]s at ,honolulu1 ,hawaii4 7,= ,/ates compris+ ea* dep>tm5t1 see ,app5dix7 ,if y are a civilian & desire any in=mation 9 reg>d to ! army1 any tra9+ camps1 ! (fic]s' res]ve corps1 or any milit>y legislation or ord]s affect+ y1 write to ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! ,dep>tm5t 9 :i* y live4 ,address y\r lett] to him at 8 headqu>t]s4 ,,mail ,mail is mo/ (t5 delay$ because !re is n suffici5t in=mation = ! ,po/ma/] on ! envelope4 ,! deliv]y ( y\r mail w be delay$ unless y\r lett]s are s5t to ! company & ! regim5t to :i* y belong4 ,!re=e1 prep>e1 be=e y rea* camp1 sev]al /amp$ po/al c>ds1 address$ to y\r family & bus9ess associates1 conta9+ directions to address all communications to y c>e ( ,company----1 ,regim5t----4 ,z soon z y are assign$ to a company & regim5t1 fill 9 ^! data & mail ^! po/al c>ds at once4 ,?is %\ld be done by wire 9 case important mail is expect$ dur+ ! fir/ week ( camp4 ,mail is deliv]$ to ea* company z soon z a complete roll ( ! organizations c be made out & s5t to ! po/-(fice4 ,,inoculations ,,& ,,vacc9ation ,z soon z y become a memb] ( ! army1 :e!r z a private or z an (fic]1 y w receive ! typhoid prophylaxis inoculation & be vacc9at$ aga9/ smallpox4 ,,:at ,,to ,,br+ #a4 ,travel light4 ,br+ only ! b>e necessities ( life ) y4 ,don't br+ a trunk4 ,enli/$ m5 7n (fic]s7 w be suppli$ ) all necess>y uni=ms & und]we>4 ,?is includes %oes4 #b4 ,br+ a pair ( sneak]s1 or slipp]s4 ,!y w add greatly to y\r com=t aft] a long m>* or h>d day's "w4 ,a complete ba?+ suit (t5 comes 9 h&y4 #c4 ,report 9 uni=m if y h "o4 #d4 ,! ,gov]nm5t w provide y ) ! necess>y %oes4 ,h[ev]1 if y c af=d x1 buy be=e y report = duty1 a pair ( regulation tan %oes1 l>g] ?an y ord9>ily we>1 & break !m 9 well be=e arrival4 ,rubb] heels are recomm5d$4 #e4 ,br+ y\r toilet articles 7comb1 bru%1 mirror %av+ equipm5t1 etc471 & a good supply ( h&k]*iefs1 & t[els4 ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,on ,,y\r ,,arrival ,!re is a g5]al rule ( proc$ure to foll[ 9 report+ = duty at any po/ or tra9+ camp4 #a4 ,if y receive an ord] direct+ y to report = duty at a camp or po/ at a c]ta9 specifi$ "t1 read x c>efully1 put x 9 a secure place1 &1 on ! day t y are to report = duty at ! camp or po/1 pres5t y\rself 9 uni=m1 if y h "o1 ) y\r ord]4 ,be c>eful n to lose y\r ord] or leave x at home4 ,h x 9 y\r pocket book4 #b4 ,^u be+ assign$ to a company1 unless y receive ord]s to ! contr>y1 report at once ) y\r baggage to y\r company comm&] 7capta971 :om y c easily f9d :5 y rea* y\r b>racks or company /reet4 ,if y _c locate y\r company comm&]1 report to ! fir/ s]geant4 #c4 ,x is a cu/om ( ! s]vice to h an exp]i5c$ soldi] expla9 to a new man exactly :]e he is to g & :at he is to d4 ,feel no emb>rassm5t at be+ ignorant ( y\r new duties & surr\nd+s4 ,! ,gov]nm5t does n expect any?+ ( y except eag]ness to le>n & will+ness to obey4 #d4 ,aft] report+ to y\r company comm&] or fir/ s]geant1 y w h a b$ assign$ to y & y w be issu$ ! prop]ty & uni=ms necess>y to y\r com=t & duties4 ,*eck y\r prop]ty c>efully z x is issu$ to y4 ,y w h to sign = all ( x4 ,look aft] y\r prop]ty at all times4 #e4 ,aft] *eck+ y\r prop]ty1 make up y\r b$ & arrange neatly y\r p]sonal & issu$ prop]ty on or "u y\r b$ or cot4 #f4 ,sp5d all y\r sp>e "t clean+ y\r rifle & bayonet until !y satisfy y\r company comm&]4 ,!n keep !m clean4 #g4 ,don't leave ! company /reet or b>racks on ! fir/ day1 except ) ! p]mission ( y\r company comm&]4 ,don't ask = ?is p]mission unless y h a valid reason4 ,,rules ,,( ,,conduct ,,= ,,camp ,,life ,! fir/ few days w be easy & pr(itable if y w read c>efully & adh]e to ! foll[+ plan ( proc$ure3 #a4 ,get up at ! fir/ note ( reveille & get quickly into prop] uni=m4 #b4 ,get )9 two or ?ree feet ( y\r place 9 ranks & await ! s\nd+ ( assembly = reveille & !n /ep into ranks4 #c4 ,/& at att5tion aft] ! fir/ s]geant comm&s ,fall ,94 ,rememb] t ?is comm& is equival5t to ,company1 ,att5tion4 #d4 ,aft] reveille1 make up y\r b$1 arrange neatly y\r equipm5t1 & clean up ! gr\nd "u & ar\nd y\r cot4 ,! company comm&] w require ! b$s made up & ! equipm5t arrang$ 9 a prescrib$ way4 #e4 ,wa% = breakfa/4 #f4 ,^u return+ f breakfa/1 g at once to ! toilet4 ,next1 prep>e ! equipm5t prescrib$ to be worn to drill4 ,?is is especially important :5 ! full pack is prescrib$4 ,assi/ y\r t5t mates 9 polic+ ! gr\nd 9 & ar\nd y\r t5t4 #g4 ,if y ne$ m$ical att5tion give y\r "n to ! fir/ s]geant at reveille & report to him at 8 t5t ^u y\r return f breakfa/4 ,don't wait until y are sick to report to ! hospital1 b g z soon z y feel 9 ! lea/ unwell4 #h4 ,:5 ! fir/ call = drill is bl[n1 put on y\r equipm5t1 inspect y\r b$ & prop]ty to see t ev]y?+ is 9 ord]1 & !n g to y\r place 9 ranks4 #i4 ,aft] ! morn+ drill1 get ready = d9n]4 ,get a little re/ at ?is "t if possible4 #aj4 ,aft] d9n] a %ort re/ is usually all[$ be=e ! aft]noon drill4 ,take advantage ( ?is opportunity2 get (f y\r feet & re/4 ,be quiet s t y\r t5t mates may re/4 #aa4 ,foll[+ ! aft]noon drill !re is a %ort int]mission be=e ! c]emony ( retreat4 ,dur+ ?is "t take a quick ba?1 %ave1 get into ! prop] uni=m = retreat1 %9e y\r %oes & bru% y\r clo!s & hat4 ,be ! neate/ man 9 ! company4 #ab4 ,supp] usually foll[s retreat4 #ac4 ,aft] supp]1 y usually h "s sp>e "t until taps4 ,! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 g5]ally provides a place suppli$ ) ,bibles1 newspap]s1 good magaz9es1 & writ+ mat]ial4 ,don't be a%am$ to read ! ,bible4 ,don't =get to write to ! folks back home4 #ad4 ,be 9 b$ ) lights out at taps4 ,aft] taps & be=e reveille1 rema9 sil5t1 ?us %[+ consid]ation = ^? :o are sleep+ or try+ to sleep4 #ae4 ,consult ! company bullet9 bo>d at lea/ twice daily4 ,on ?is bullet9 bo>d is usually f\nd ! foll[+ in=mation3 7a7 ,a li/ ( calls4 7b7 ,! prop] uni=m = ea* =mation4 7c7 ,s*$ule ( drills4 7d7 ,special ord]s & in/ructions4 #af4 ,get all y\r ord]s f 7a7 ! bullet9 bo>d1 7b7 ! fir/ s]geant1 7c7 ! act+ noncommission$ (fic]s1 7d7 ! company comm&]4 ,don't put mu* fai? 9 rumors4 ,,advice ,,reg>d+ ,,habits ,y\r life 9 camp 9 reg>d to food1 ex]cise1 h\rs ( sleep1 surr\nd+s1 & com=ts1 w diff] greatly f t y lead z a civilian4 ,y w submit y\r body to a sudd51 sev]e1 physical te/4 ,9 ord] to prep>e y\r body = ?is *ange 9 mann] ( liv+ & "w1 we recomm5d t = a %ort "t prior to y\r arrival 9 camp1 & !reaft]1 y obs]ve ! foll[+ sugge/ions3 #a4 ,use no alcohol ( any k9d4 #b4 ,/op smok+1 or at lea/ be temp]ate 9 ! use ( tobacco4 #c4 ,eat & dr9k mod]ately4 ,*ew y\r food well4 ,x is advisable1 h[ev]1 to dr9k a great deal ( cool 7n cold7 wat] betwe5 meals4 #d4 ,don't eat betwe5 meals4 #e4 ,accu/om y\rself to regul> h\rs z to sleep+1 eat+1 & ! morn+ functions4 #f4 ,keep away f all soda f\nta9s & s(t dr9k /&s4 #g4 ,= at lea/ two weeks prior to y\r arrival at camp1 take regul>ly ! ex]cises describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,mo/ m5 are tr\bl$ ) _! feet dur+ ! fir/ week ( ea* camp1 usually because !y d n obs]ve ! foll[+ precautions3 #a4 ,if y h ev] _h tr\ble ) ! ar*es ( y\r feet1 we> braces = !m4 #b4 ,lace y\r %oe z tightly z com=t w p]mit4 #c4 ,wa% ! feet daily4 #d4 ,e morn+ %ake a little talcum p[d] or ,foot ,ease 9 ea* %oe4 #e4 ,ea* morn+ put on a fre% pair ( socks4 ,y\r socks %\ld fit ! feet s neatly t no wr9kles rema9 9 !m & yet n be s tight t !y b9d ! foot4 ,d n we> a sock ) a hole 9 x or "o t has be5 d>n$4 #f4 ,"s m5 _c we> light wool socks ) com=t4 ,d n we> silk or cotton socks until y h giv5 light wool socks a fair trial4 #g4 ,9 case ( a bli/]1 treat x z direct$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 #h4 ,mo/ ( ! foot tr\bles are caus$ by we>+ %oes t d n fit prop]ly4 ,if ! %oe is too l>ge x rubs bli/]s1 if too small x cramps ! foot & causes sev]e pa94 ,m>*+ sev]al h\rs :ile c>ry+ ab\t ?irty p\nds ( equipm5t causes ea* foot to exp& at lea/ "o half a size 9 l5g? & correspond+ly 9 bread?2 h5ce ! size ( ! %oe y we> 9 ! (fice w be too small = tra9+ camp use4 ,if y h be5 liv+ a s$5t>y life1 ask = a pair ( %oes l>g] ?an y ord9>ily we>4 #i4 ,9 case ! t5don 9 y\r heel becomes t5d]1 report at once to ! hospital t5t & get x /rapp$4 ,a ,,discipl9$ ,,soldi] ,y w be expect$ to become quickly am5able bo? m5tally & physically to discipl9e4 ,a cle> conception on y\r "p ( :at drills are discipl9>y 9 "* & :at discipl9e really is1 w help y to become a discipl9$ soldi]4 ,drills execut$ at att5tion are discipl9>y ex]cises & are design$ to tea* precise & soldi]ly movem5ts & to inculcate t prompt & subconsci\s ob$i5ce :i* is ess5tial to prop] milit>y control4 ,h5ce1 all corrections %\ld be giv5 & receiv$ 9 an imp]sonal mann]4 ,nev] =get t y lose y\r id5tity z an individual :5 y /ep into ranks2 y !n become m]ely a unit ( a mass4 ,z soon z y obey prop]ly1 promptly1 &1 at times1 unconsci\sly1 ! comm&s ( y\r (fic]s1 z soon z y c *e]fully give up pleasures & p]sonal privileges t conflict ) ! new ord] ( life to :i* y h submitt$1 y w !n h become a discipl9$ man4 ,,dress ,! uni=m y w we> /&s = ,duty1 ,honor1 & ,c\ntry4 ,y %\ld n disgrace x by ! way y we> x or by y\r conduct any m ?an y w\ld trample ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica "u foot4 ,y mu/ con/antly be> 9 m9d t 9 our c\ntry a milit>y organization is too (t5 judg$ by ! acts ( a few ( its memb]s4 ,:5 "o or two soldi]s 9 uni=m conduct !mselves 9 an ung5tlemanly or unmilit>y mann] to ! disgrace ( ! uni=m1 ! layman %akes 8 head & condemns all m5 we>+ t uni=m4 ,h5ce1 %[ by ! way 9 :i* y we> y\r uni=m t y are pr\d ( x2 ?is c be be/ accompli%$ by obs]v+ ! foll[+ rules3 #a4 ,c>ry y\rself at all times z ?\gh y 7 pr\d ( y\rself1 y\r uni=m1 & y\r c\ntry4 #b4 ,we> y\r hat s t ! brim is p>allel to ! gr\nd4 #c4 ,h all buttons fa/5$4 #d4 ,nev] h sleeves roll$ up4 #e4 ,nev] we> sleeve hold]s4 #f4 ,nev] leave %irt or coat unbutton$ at ! ?roat4 #g4 ,h legg9s & tr\s]s prop]ly lac$4 #h4 ,keep %oes %9$4 #i4 ,always be clean %av$4 #aj4 ,keep head up & %\ld]s squ>e4 #aa4 ,camp life has a t5d5cy to make "o c>eless z to p]sonal cleanl9ess4 ,be> ?is 9 m9d4 ,,salut+ ,! milit>y salute is univ]sal4 ,x is at f\ndation b a c\rte\s recognition betwe5 two individuals ( _! common fell[%ip 9 ! same honorable pr(ession1 ! pr(ession ( arms4 ,regulations require t x be r5d]$ by bo? ! s5ior & ! junior1 z b>e c\rtesy requires betwe5 g5tlem5 9 civil life4 ,x is ! milit>y equival5t ( ! laym5's expressions ,good ,morn+1 or ,h[ d y d8 ,!re=e be punctili\s ab\t salut+2 be pr\d ( ! mann] 9 :i* y execute y\r salute1 & make x indicative ( discipl9e & good bre$+4 ,always look at ! (fic] y are salut+4 ,! junior salutes fir/4 ,x is v unmilit>y to salute ) ! left h& 9 a pocket1 or ) a cig>ette1 cig>1 or pipe 9 ! m\?4 ,obs]ve ! foll[+ g5]al rules3 #a4 ,nev] salute an (fic] :5 y are 9 ranks4 #b4 ,indoors 79 y\r t5t7 un>m$1 d n salute b /& at att5tion1 uncov]$1 on ! entrance ( an (fic]4 ,if he speaks to y1 !n salute4 #c4 ,indoors1 arm$1 r5d] ! prescrib$ salute1 i4e41 ! rifle salute at ord] arms or at trail4 #d4 ,outdoors1 arm$1 r5d] ! prescrib$ salute1 i4e41 ! rifle salute at "r %\ld] arms4 #e4 ,outdoors1 un>m$1 or arm$ ) side arms1 salute ) ! "r h&4 ,,army ,,slang ,! foll[+ army slang is univ]sally employ$3 ,bunkie--! soldi] :o %>es ! %elt] half or t5t ( a comrade 9 ! field4 ,a bunkie looks aft] 8 comrade's prop]ty 9 ! ev5t ! latt] is abs5t4 ,d\ghboy--! infantryman4 ,fr5* leave--unau?oriz$ abs5ce4 ,holy ,joe--! *apla94 ,k4,o4--! comm&+ (fic]4 ,on ! c>pet--a call be=e ! comm&+ (fic] = admonition4 ,q4,m4--qu>t]ma/]4 ,rookie--a new recruit4 ,s& rat--a soldi] on duty 9 ! rifle pit dur+ t>get practice4 ,top s]geant--! fir/ s]geant4 ,come & get x--! meal is ready to be s]v$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,clean ,a ,,rifle ,,& ,,bayonet ,get a rag & rub ! heavy grease (f2 !n get a s(t p9e /ick1 po9t$ at "o end1 & ) ?is po9t remove ! grease f ! cracks1 crevices & corn]s4 ,clean ! bore f ! bree*4 ,:5 ! heavy grease has be5 remov$1 ! metal "p ( ! gun1 bore includ$1 %\ld be cov]$ ) a light coat+ ( #c-;9-#a oil4 ,heavy grease c be remov$ f ! rifle by rubb+ x ) a rag :i* has be5 saturat$ ) gasol9e or coal oil4 ,,fri5ds ,!re are a few m5 9 all companies :o play1 loaf1 & :o are con/antly 9 tr\ble4 ,z ! good m5 9 ea* company w n become fri5dly ) !m1 !y seek _! acqua9tances among ! new m5 on :om !y h a baneful influ5ce4 ,we wi% to w>n y ab\t mak+ fri5ds too quickly4 ,,f9al ,,sugge/ions ,don't be pr(ane or tell que/ionable /ories to y\r bunkies or ar\nd ! company4 ,!re is a mu* great] numb] ( sil5t & unprote/+ m5 9 camp ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 to :om ?is is (f5sive4 ,keep ev]y?+ on a high plane4 ,,*apt] ,,ii#a ,read ?is *apt] z soon z y decide to att5d a ,camp4 ,,physical ,,ex]cise ,! greate/ problem y w h to solve w be t ( mak+ y\r body d ! "w requir$4 ,e "o else w be do+ exactly :at y are do+1 & y h too mu* pride to want to take ev5 a %ort] /ep ?an ! man by y\r side4 ,"s m5 h to leave ! tra9+ camps because !y are n 9 ! prop] physical condition to g on ) ! "w4 ,if ?is *apt] is tak5 z s]i\sly z x %\ld be1 x w be ( great help to y4 ,if y h n a pair ( s5sible m>*+ %oes 7tan1 high-tops1 no hooks on !m7 get a pair4 ,^! %oes %\ld be consid]ably l>g] ?an a pair ( (fice %oes4 ,walk to & f y\r bus9ess4 ,take e opportunity to get out 9 ! c\ntry :]e ! air is pure4 ,fill y\r lungs full4 ,get into ! habit ( tak+ deep brea?s n[ & !n4 ,don't make ?is a task1 b surr\nd x ) pleasantries4 ,get "s delightful companion to walk ) y4 ,walk vigor\sly4 ,let d[n on y\r smok+4 ,bett] to leave x alone = a :ile4 ,y w enjoy ! air4 ,deep brea?+ seems to be m natural4 ,make x a "w = y\r c\ntry4 ,view x 9 t light4 ,if y are n go+ to be call$ ^u to und]go ! cruel h>d%ips & physical /ra9 ( "s campaigns1 y\r son w be1 & y c be ( great help to him by be+ fit y\rself4 ,y & y\r sons w =m ! backbone ( ,am]ica's /r5g? 9 h] next p]il4 ,y w h a great deal ( walk+ aft] y arrive 9 camp1 possibly a great deal m ?an y h ev] _h1 & probably a great deal m ?an y expect1 ev5 ) ?is ^w ( w>n+4 ,if y h fail$ to provide y\rself ) prop] %oes & socks1 great w be ! price ( y\r lack ( =e?\ght4 ,y w w9ce at y\r own bli/]s4 ,y w get no sympa?y f any "o else4 ,x is ! _s ( ! camp = ea* man to be> 8 own burd5s4 ,s arrive at camp ) h>d5$ legs & brok5 9 %oes4 ,don't buy %oes ) po9t$ or n>r[ toes4 ,!y %\ld be broad & airy4 ,imm$iately aft] y arise 9 ! morn+ & j be=e y retire at night1 g ?r\gh ! foll[+ ex]cises = two or ?ree m9utes4 ,9 a %ort "t y may want to make x m4 ,no objection4 ,give x a fair trial4 ,be brisk & en]getic4 ,=get1 = ! "t be+1 :at y are go+ to get out ( x4 ,give & !n give m4 ,! result w take c>e ( itself4 #a/ ,ex]cise ,involv+ practically e important muscle 9 ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,f fir/ position spr+ to second position2 in/antly return to fir/ position & cont9ue4 ,be light on y\r feet4 ,alight on y\r toes4 ,beg9 ) a limit$ numb] ( times4 ,day by day increase x a little until y rea* a fair numb]4 ,be mo/ mod]ate at fir/4 ,nev] all[ y\rself 9 any ex]cise to become greatly fatigu$4 #b;d ,ex]cise ,to r$uce wai/1 /r5g!n back muscles1 & become limb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,assume position ,no4 #a4 ,sw+ to position 7,no4 #b71 return at once to ,no4 #a1 & cont9ue4 ,%oot y\r head & arms z f> ?r\gh y\r legs z y\r con=mation p]mits4 #crd ,ex]cise ,to h>d5 leg muscles & ex]cise jo9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,f position ,no4 #a come to position ,no4 #b4 ,return at once to ,no4 #a & cont9ue4 ,toes turn$ well out4 ,body & head erect4 ,up ) a slight spr+4 ,aft] a little practice1 y w h no difficulty ) ?is ex]cise 9 balanc+ y\rself4 #d? ,ex]cise ,to ex]cise arms & %\ld]s & organs ( *e/ & %\ld] muscles4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,f position ,no4 #a ?ru/ arms =w>d to position ,no4 #b1 & return at once to position ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b ,v>y by ?ru/+ arms d[nw>d1 sidew>d & upw>d4 ,be mod]ate at fir/4 ,gr[ m vigor\s ) practice4 #e? ,ex]cise ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,to /r5g!n ankles & in/eps4 ,f position ,no4 #a rise on ! toes to position ,no4 #b1 return at once to position ,no4 #a1 & cont9ue4 ,g up on y\r toes z high z y c4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,soldi] ,bas$ on ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,success 9 battle is ! ultimate object ( all milit>y tra9+2 h5ce ! excell5ce ( an organization is judg$ by its field effici5cy4 ,y\r in/ruction w be progressive 9 "*1 & w h z its ultimate purpose ! creation ( a company measur+ up to a high /&>d ( field effici5cy4 ,! ,prep>atory ,comm&1 su* z ,=w>d1 indicates ! movem5t t is to be execut$4 ,! ,comm& ( ,execution1 su* z ,,m>*1 ,,halt1 or ,,arms1 comm5ces ! execution ( ! movem5t4 ,prep>atory ,comm&s are di/+ui%$ by bold face1 ^? ( execution by capitals4 ,z1 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! av]age man und]/&s bett] & le>ns fa/] :5 y %[ him h[ a ?+ is done4 ,don't be cont5t ) tell+ him h[4 ,be> ?is 9 m9d :5 y become an in/ructor4 ,on acc\nt ( ! abs5ce ( ! ,regul> ,army on ! bord]1 x 0 n practical to obta9 photographs ( regul> troops ) :i* to illu/rate ?is book4 ,! photographs us$ 7 tak5 "u ! direct sup]vision ( ! au?ors4 ,,position ,,( ,a ,,soldi] ,,at ,,att5tion ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,correct ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,eyes to ! front4 ,h&s hang naturally4 ,re/ weight ( ! body equally on feet4 ,feet turn$ out mak+ angles ( #de deg44 ,no4 #b4 ,head erect4 ,%\ld]s d[n & back4 ,*e/ out4 ,/oma* up4 ,?umb along ! seams ( tr\s]s4 ,knees /raight1 n /iff4 ,heels on l9e & toge!r4 ,d n /iff5 ! f+]s3 ,! m9d ought also to be at att5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,incorrect ,,positions ,no4 #a4 ,don't gaze ab\t4 ,t's n play+ ! game4 ,don't turn y\r feet out mak+ an angle ( #ajj deg44 ,no4 #b4 ,don't sl\*4 ,hold y\rself up4 ,keep y\r eyes (f ! gr\nd4 ,^! are ! common errors ( beg9n]s4 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,correct ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,clasp h&s )\t con/ra9t 9 front ( c5t] ( body4 ,left h& upp]mo/4 ,f+]s jo9$4 ,?umb & =e f+] "r h& clasps ! left ?umb4 ,no4 #b4 ,b5d left knee slightly4 ,"r foot is c>ri$ #f in*es /raight to ! re>4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,incorrect ,,positions ,no4 #a4 ,n look+ /raight to ! front4 ,"r foot n c>ri$ /raight to ! re>4 ,no4 #b4 ,lean+ back too f>4 ,"r foot c>ri$ back too f>4 #a4 ,h&1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,correct ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 ,no4 #b4 ,tip ( =ef+] "r h& t\*es cap or hat above "r eye4 ,?umb & =ef+]s ext5d$ & jo9$4 ,h& & wri/ /raight4 ,palm to ! left4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,incorrect ,,positions ,,or ,,common ,,errors ,no4 #a4 ,palm ( ! h& to ! front & f+]s n jo9$4 ,no4 #b4 ,arm held too high4 ,f+]s n p]fectly jo9$4 ,no4 #c4 ,f+]s n ext5d$ & jo9$4 ,left h& n by side :ile salute is be+ made4 ,"s beg9n]s =get1 :ile salut+1 to remove _! pipes1 cig>ettes1 or cig>s f _! m\?s4 ,?is proves cle>ly t !y are beg9n]s1 = tra9$ & exp]i5c$ m5 are c>eful ab\t milit>y honors & salutes4 ,,! ,,re/s ,be+ at a halt1 ! comm&s are3 ,,fall ,,out2 ,,re/2 ,,at ,,ease2 & #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,at ! comm& fall out1 ! m5 may leave ! ranks1 b are requir$ to rema9 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,!y resume _! =m] places1 at att5tion1 at ! comm& fall 94 ,at ! comm& re/1 ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place1 b is n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce or immobility4 ,at ! comm& at ease1 ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place & is requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce1 b n immobility4 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,previ\sly expla9$4 ,to resume ! att5tion3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,! m5 take ! position ( ! soldi]4 ,,eyes ,,"r ,,or ,,left #a4 ,eyes1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left71 #c4 ,,front4 ,illu/ration ,at ! comm& "r1 turn ! head to ! "r oblique1 eyes fix$ on ! l9e ( eyes ( ! m5 91 or suppos$ to be 91 ! same rank4 ,at ! comm& front1 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,notice ! "r file does n turn ! eyes to ! "r4 ,,fac+s ,to ! flank3 #a4 ,"r 7left71 #b4 ,,face4 ,illu/ration ,raise slightly ! left heel & "r toe2 face to ! "r1 turn+ on ! "r heel1 assi/$ by a slight pressure on ! ball ( ! left foot2 place ! left foot by ! side ( ! "r4 ,left face is execut$ on ! left heel 9 ! correspond+ mann]4 ,"r 7left7 ,half ,face is execut$ simil>ly1 fac+ #de deg44 ,to ! re>3 #a4 ,ab\t1 #b4 ,,face4 ,c>ry ! toe ( ! "r foot ab\t a half foot-l5g? to ! re> & slightly to ! left ( ! left heel )\t *ang+ ! position ( ! left foot2 face to ! re>1 turn+ to ! "r on ! left heel & "r toe2 place ! "r heel by ! side ( ! left4 ,!re is no left ab\t face4 ,,/eps ,,& ,,m>*+s ,all /eps & m>*+s execut$ f a halt1 except "r /ep1 beg9 ) ! left foot4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 quick "t is #cj in*es1 measur$ f heel to heel1 & ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #abj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 d\ble "t is #cf in*es2 ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #ahj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! in/ructor1 :5 necess>y1 indicates ! cad5ce ( ! /ep by call+ "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or left1 "r1 ! in/ant ! left & "r foot1 respectively1 %\ld be plant$4 ,all /eps & m>*+s & movem5ts involv+ m>* are execut$ 9 quick "t unless ! squad be m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 or d\ble "t be add$ to ! comm&2 9 ! latt] case d\ble "t is add$ to ! prep>atory comm&4 ,example3 #a4 ,squad "r1 d\ble "t1 #b4 ,,m>* 7,s*ool ( ! ,squad74 ,,quick ,,"t ,be+ at a halt1 to m>* =w>d 9 quick "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& =w>d1 %ift ! weight ( ! body to ! "r leg1 left knee /raight4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 move ! left foot sm>tly /raight =w>d #cj in*es f ! "r1 sole ne> ! gr\nd1 & plant x )\t %ock2 next1 9 l mann]1 advance ! "r foot & plant x z above2 cont9ue ! m>*4 ,! arms sw+ naturally4 ,be+ at a halt1 or 9 m>* 9 quick "t1 to m>* 9 d\ble "t3 #a4 ,d\ble "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if at a halt1 at ! fir/ comm& %ift ! weight ( ! body to ! "r leg4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 raise ! =e>ms1 f+]s clos$1 to a horizontal position along ! wai/ l9e2 take up an easy run ) ! /ep & cad5ce ( d\ble "t1 all[+ a natural sw++ motion to ! arms4 ,if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 take "o /ep 9 quick "t1 & !n /ep (f 9 d\ble "t4 ,to resume ! quick "t3 #a4 ,quick "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot 9 d\ble "t2 resume ! quick "t1 dropp+ ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>k ,,"t ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,m>k "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot2 br+ up ! foot 9 re> & cont9ue ! cad5ce by alt]nately rais+ ea* foot ab\t #b in*es & plant+ x on l9e ) ! o!r4 ,be+ at a halt1 at ! comm& m>*1 raise & plant ! feet z prescrib$ above4 ,common errors are to raise ! feet sev]al in*es & to run up ! cad5ce1 i4e41 g too fa/4 #a4 ,half /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es 9 quick "t1 #ah in*es 9 d\ble "t4 ,=w>d1 half /ep1 halt1 & m>k "t may be execut$ "o f ! o!r 9 quick or d\ble "t4 ,any /ep less ?an ! full /ep 7i4e41 half /ep1 "r /ep1 or backw>d7 is apt to be too fa/1 i4e41 great] ?an #abj /eps a m9ute4 ,to resume ! full /ep f half /ep or m>k "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,,side ,,/ep ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry & plant ! "r foot #ae in*es to ! "r2 br+ ! left foot beside x & cont9ue ! movem5t 9 ! cad5ce ( quick "t4 ,! side /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! side /ep is execut$ at trail )\t comm&4 ,,back ,,/ep ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,backw>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es /raight to ! re>4 ,! back /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! back /ep is execut$ at trail )\t comm&4 ,,to ,,halt ,to arre/ ! m>* 9 quick or d\ble "t3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& halt1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 plant ! o!r foot z 9 m>*+2 raise & place ! fir/ foot by ! side ( ! o!r4 ,if 9 d\ble "t1 drop ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,by ,,! ,,flank ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,by ! "r 7left7 flank1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,! comm& m>* mu/ be giv5 :5 ! "r foot is on ! gr\nd z %[n 9 ,no4 #a4 ,!n advance & plant ! left foot & turn on ! toes to "r z %[n 9 ,no4 #b1 & /ep (f ) ! "r foot4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,to ,,! ,,re> ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,to ! re>1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot2 turn to ! "r ab\t on ! balls ( bo? feet & imm$iately /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,! turn is made on ! toes z %[n4 ,! comm& m>* mu/ be giv5 :5 ! "r foot is on ! gr\nd4 ,! left foot is !n advanc$ to ! position %[n4 ,if m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 turn to ! "r ab\t1 tak+ f\r /eps 9 place1 keep+ ! cad5ce1 & !n /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,,*ange ,,/ep ,be+ 9 m>*2 #a4 ,*ange /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot2 plant ! toe ( ! "r foot ne> ! heel ( ! left & /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,! *ange on ! "r foot is simil>ly execut$1 ! comm& m>* be+ giv5 z ! left foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,,manual ,,( ,,arms ,to acquire pr(ici5cy 9 ! ,manual ( ,arms1 y %\ld practice1 practice1 & practice4 ,position ( ord] arms /&+1 i4e41 ! position ( att5tion "u arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,,correct ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,arm & h&s hang naturally4 ,"r h& hold+ piece betwe5 ?umb & f+]s4 ,butt re/s ev5ly on gr\nd4 ,b>rel to ! re>4 ,no4 #b4 ,toe ( ! butt on a l9e ) toe ( & t\*+ ! "r %oe4 ,to execute ! movem5ts 9 detail1 ! in/ructor fir/ cautions3 ,by ! ,numb]s2 all movem5ts divid$ into motions1 are !n execut$ s+ly4 ,t is to say1 make "o motion & !n wait until a fur!r comm& = ano!r4 ,?is is = ! purpose ( correct+ errone\s positions & giv+ detail$ in/ructions4 ,we are expla9+ ! manual by ! numb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,position ,,( ,,pres5t ,,arms ,,f ,,ord] ,,arms ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x takes two c\nts4 ,at comm& arms1 ) ! "r h& c>ry ! piece 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body4 ,b>rel to ! re> & v]tical4 ,grasp x ) left h& at ! balance4 ,left =e>m is horizontal & re/s aga9/ body4 ,! balance ( ! piece is approximately ! position ( ! re> sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,pres5t ,,arms ,at comm& two1 grasp ! small ( ! /ock ) ! "r h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,incorrect ,,position ,,( ,,pres5t ,,arms ,^! are ! common errors made by beg9n]s4 ,no4 #a4 ,?umb along b>rel4 ,no4 #b4 ,piece held too l[4 ,! front sight w be a little above ! eyes :5 ! left =e arm is horizontal4 ,no4 #c4 ,piece n v]tical2 too close to body4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x takes "o c\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,port ,,arms ,at ! comm& ,,arms1 ) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body1 grasp x sm>tly ) bo? h&s2 ! "r2 palm d[n1 at ! small ( /ock2 ! left1 palm up1 at ! balance2 b>rel up1 slop+ to ! left & cross+ opposite ! junction ( ! neck ) ! left %\ld]2 "r =e>m horizontal2 left =e>m re/+ aga9/ ! body4 ,! rifle is held 9 a v]tical plane p>allel to ! front4 ,9 execut+ ?is movem5t1 x is a common error ) beg9n]s to raise ! piece z ?\gh x weigh$ mu* m ?an x does4 ,no "p ( ! body %\ld move except ! arms1 9 com+ to port arms f ord] arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,incorrect ,,positions ,,( ,,port ,,arms ,no4 #a4 ,arms held away f side4 ,no4 #b4 ,piece held too l[ & too close to body4 ,no4 #c4 ,piece held too high & n 9 a v]tical plane p>allel to ! body4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 "o c\nt4 ,at ! comm& arms1 c>ry ! piece diagonally across ! body & take ! position ( port arms4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 "o c\nt4 ,at ! comm& arms1 c>ry ! piece to a v]tical position 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body & take ! position ( pres5t arms4 ,be+ at pres5t or port arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 two c\nts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,next ,,to ,,! ,,la/ ,,position ,,( ,,ord] ,,arms ,at ! comm& arms1 let g ) ! "r h&2 l[] & c>ry ! piece to ! "r ) ! left h&2 regrasp x ) ! "r h& j above ! l[] b&2 let g ) ! left h& & take ! position %[n "h1 :i* is ! next to ! la/ position 9 com+ to ! ord]4 ,! left h& %\ld be above & ne> ! "r1 /eady+ ! gun1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m & wri/ /raight & incl9$ d[nw>d4 ,b>rel to ! re>4 ,all ! f+]s ( ! "r h& grasp ! gun4 ,butt ab\t #c in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,be+ 9 ! above position1 at ! comm& ,two1 l[] ! piece g5tly to ! gr\nd ) ! "r h&1 drop ! left h& quickly by ! side1 & take ! position ( ord] arms4 ,! common errors are to slam ! gun d[n on ! gr\nd & to drop ! left h& by ! side 9 a sl[ & indiff]5t mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,incorrect ,,positions ,common errors 9 ! next to ! la/ positions ( ord] arms4 ,no4 #a4 ,?umb is up4 ,gun too f> f ! gr\nd4 ,no4 #b4 ,gun too ne> to gr\nd4 ,?umb is up4 ,butt ( gun too f> to ! "r4 ,no4 #c4 ,gun held too high & too f> away f body4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 ?ree c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 ) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body2 c>ry ! "r h& quickly to ! butt1 & at ! same "t grasp ! heel betwe5 ! fir/ two f+]s z %[n4 ,note ! position ( ! fir/ two f+]s ( "r h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,position ,,( ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,,f ,,! ,,ord] ,at ! comm& two1 )\t *ang+ ! grasp ( ! "r h&1 place ! piece on ! "r %\ld]1 "r elb[ ne> ! side1 ! piece 9 a v]tical plane p]p5dicul> to ! front2 c>ry ! left h&1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 to ! small ( ! /ock1 wri/ /raight & elb[ d[n4 ,b>rel up1 & incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t #de deg4 f ! horizontal4 ,trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]1 tip ( =ef+] t\*+ ! cock+ piece4 ,"r =e arm horizontal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,next ,,to ,,! ,,la/ ,,position ,,( ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,common ,,errors ,,9 ,,! ,,next ,,to ,,! ,,la/ ,,position ,,( ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,no4 #a4 ,"r arms n by side4 ,left arm too high4 ,rememb] t ! left arm re/s on ! *e/4 ,?is is v commonly confus$ ) ! rifle salute4 ,no4 #b4 ,?umb is up4 ,butt ( rifle c>ri$ to ! "r4 ,no4 #c4 ,trigg] gu>d n aga9/ %\ld]4 ,butt held too l[4 ,h& n /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,at ! comm& ?ree1 drop ! left h& by ! side4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,,incorrect ,,position ,,( ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,no4 #a4 ,"r arm n by side4 ,"r =e>m n horizontal4 ,no4 #b4 ,heel ( gun too f> to left4 ,no4 #c4 ,trigg] gu>d n aga9/ %\ld]4 ,butt held too l[4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] ,arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 #c c\nts4 ,press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! gun diagonally across ! body1 to ! position %[n "h4 ,at ! comm& two1 l[] ! gun & assume ! next to ! la/ position ( ord] arms4 ,at ! comm& ?ree1 come to ! ord] arms4 ,! common errors 9 ?is movem5t are to move ! head to ! left & to ?r[ ! gun too f> to ! front4 ,illu/ration ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 ?ree c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 *ange ! "r h& to ! butt4 ,at ! comm& two & ?ree1 come to ! "r %\ld] z f ord] arms4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 two c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! piece to ! diagonal position across ! body ) ! left h& grasp+ x at ! balance2 ! "r h& reta9+ its grasp ( ! butt4 ,at ! comm& two1 *ange ! "r h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 ?ree c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 execute port arms4 7,?is requires two c\nts47 ,at ! comm& ?ree1 execute pres5t arms4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 f\r c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 execute port arms4 ,at ! comm& two1 ?ree1 f\r1 execute "r %\ld] arms z f port arms4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,left %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 two c\nts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,next ,,to ,,! ,,la/ ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,left ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,at ! comm& ,,arms1 c>ry ! piece ) ! "r h& & place x on ! left %\ld]2 at ! same "t grasp ! butt ) ! left h&1 heel betwe5 fir/ & second f+]s4 ,?umb & f+]s ( "r h& clos$ on ! /ock4 ,b>rel up1 trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4#c ,,common ,,errors ,,9 ,,! ,,next ,,to ,,! ,,la/ ,,position ,,( ,,left ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,no4 #a4 ,"r arm too high4 ,butt too high4 ,no4 #b4 ,butt too close to c5t] ( body4 ,n grasp+ gun correctly ) f+]s ( left h&4 ,no4 #c4 ,"r arm too high4 ,butt too high4 ,at ! comm& two1 drop ! "r h& by ! side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,left ,,%\ld] ,,arms ,! incorrect positions are usually ! same z are f\nd 9 ! "r %\ld] arms1 & z illu/rat$ "h4 ,illu/ration ,be+ at left %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,x is execut$ 9 two c\nts4 ,at ! comm& arms1 grasp ! piece ) ! "r h& at ! small ( ! /ock4 ,at ! comm& two1 c>ry ! piece1 ) ! "r h& to ! position ( port arms1 regrasp x ) ! left4 ,left %\ld] arms may be ord]$ f ! ord]1 "r %\ld] or pres5t1 or ! rev]se4 ,at ! comm& arms1 execute port arms & cont9ue to ! position ord]$4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,x is execut$ 9 "o c\nt4 ,at ! comm& re/1 c>ry muzzle 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 b>rel to ! left4 ,grasp piece ) ! left h& j bel[ ! /ack+ swivel1 & ) ! "r h& bel[ & aga9/ ! left4 ,left knee slightly b5t4 ,c>ry ! "r foot #f in*es /raight to ! re>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,p>ade ,,re/ ,be+ at p>ade re/3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,execut$ 9 "o c\nt4 ,at ! comm& att5tion 7x is a cu/om ( ! s]vice to execute ! movem5t at ! la/ syllable ( ! comm&71 resume ! ord]1 ! left h& quitt+ ! piece opposite ! "r hip4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,trail1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 raise ! piece1 "r arm slightly b5t1 & incl9e ! muzzle =w>d s t ! b>rel makes an angle ( ab\t #cj deg4 ) ! v]tical4 ,:5 x c be done )\t dang] or inconv5i5ce to o!rs1 ! piece may be grasp$ at ! balance & ! muzzle l[]$ until ! piece is horizontal2 a simil> position 9 ! left h& may be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,trail ,,arms ,be+ at trail arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 l[] ! gun ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,x is execut$ 9 two c\nts4 ,at ! comm& salute1 c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! small ( ! /ock1 =e>m horizontal1 palm ( h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s jo9$1 =ef+] t\*+ end ( cock+ piece4 ,look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 ,at ! comm& two1 drop ! h& by ! side2 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,rifle ,,salute1 ,,be+ ,,at ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,errors ,,9 ,,rifle ,,salute ,,at ,,"r ,,%\ld] ,,arms4 ,no4 #a4 ,left elb[ too l[4 ,=e>m %\ld be horizontal4 ,no4 #b4 ,left elb[ too high4 ,f+]s n ext5d$ & jo9$4 ,be+ at ord] or trail arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,at ! comm& salute1 c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! "r side1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] aga9/ piece ne> ! muzzle2 look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 ,at ! comm& two1 drop ! left h& by ! side2 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rifle ,,salute ,,be+ ,,at ,,ord] ,,arms ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,errors ,,9 ,,rifle ,,salute ,,at ,,ord] ,,or ,,trail ,,arms ,no4 #a4 ,f+]s n ext5d$ & jo9$4 ,no4 #b4 ,f+]s n jo9$4 ,gun held too high4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,fix1 #b4 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 execute p>ade re/2 grasp ! bayonet ) ! "r h&1 back ( h& t[>d ! body2 draw ! bayonet f ! scabb>d & fix x on ! b>rel1 glanc+ at ! muzzle2 resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 draw ! bayonet ) ! left h& & fix x 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,unfix1 #b4 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 ,execute p>ade re/2 grasp ! h&le ( ! bayonet firmly ) ! "r h&1 press+ ! spr+ ) ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&2 raise ! bayonet until ! h&le is ab\t #ab in*es above ! muzzle ( ! piece2 drop ! po9t to ! left1 back ( ! h& t[>d ! body1 &1 glanc+ at ! scabb>d1 return ! bayonet1 ! blade pass+ betwe5 ! left arm & ! body2 regrasp ! piece ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 ,take ! bayonet f ! rifle ) ! left h& & return x to ! scabb>d 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,if m>*+ or lay+ d[n1 ! bayonet is fix$ & unfix$ 9 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & conv5i5t mann] & ! piece return$ to ! orig9al position4 ,fix & unfix bayonet are execut$ ) promptness & regul>ity b n 9 cad5ce4 ,ex]cises = in/ruction 9 bayonet combat are prescrib$ 9 ! ,manual = ,bayonet ,ex]cise4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 take ! position ( port arms2 at ! comm& two1 seize ! bolt h&le ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 turn ! h&le up1 draw ! bolt back1 & glance at ! *amb]4 ,hav+ f\nd ! *amb] empty1 or hav+ empti$ x1 raise ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,keep y\r "r h& on ! bolt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inspection ,,arms ,x is a v common error to *ange ! position ( ! piece :ile draw+ ! bolt back4 ,gu>d aga9/ ?is4 ,be+ at inspection arms3 #a4 ,ord] 7or "r %\ld]1 or port71 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& 7i4e41 at ! comm& ord]71 pu% ! bolt =w>d1 turn ! h&le d[n1 pull ! trigg]1 & resume port arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 complete ! movem5t ord]$4 ,,to ,,dismiss ,,! ,,squad ,be+ at a halt3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,port1 #d4 ,,arms1 #e4 ,,dismiss$4 ,make a po9t ( becom+ suffici5tly famili> ) ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! rifle to obey ! foll[+ g5]al rules gov]n+ ! manual4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! piece3 ,fir/4 ! piece is n c>ri$ ) c>tridges 9 ei!r ! *amb] or ! magaz9e except :5 specifically ord]$4 ,:5 s load$1 or suppos$ to be load$1 x is habitually c>ri$ lock$2 t is1 ) ! safety lock turn$ to ! safe4 ,at all o!r times x is c>ri$ unlock$ ) ! trigg] pull$4 ,second4 ,:5ev] troops are =m$ "u arms1 pieces are imm$iately inspect$ at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,ord] 7"r %\ld]1 port71 #d4 ,,arms4 ,a simil> inspection is made imm$iately be=e dismissal4 ,if c>tridges are f\nd 9 ! *amb] or magaz9e !y are remov$ & plac$ 9 ! belt4 ,?ird4 ,! cut-(f is kept turn$ (f except :5 c>tridges are actually us$4 ,f\r?4 ,! bayonet is n fix$ except 9 bayonet ex]cise1 on gu>d1 or = combat4 ,fif?4 ,fall 9 is execut$ ) ! piece at ! ord] arms4 ,fall out1 re/1 & at ease are execut$ z )\t arms4 ,on resum+ att5tion ! position ( ord] arms is tak54 ,six?4 ,if at ! ord]1 unless o!rwise prescrib$1 ! piece is br\ght to ! "r %\ld] at ! comm& m>*1 ! ?ree motions correspond+ ) ! fir/ ?ree /eps4 ,movem5ts may be execut$ at ! trail by prefac+ ! prep>atory comm& ) ! words at trail2 z1 #a4 ,at trail1 =w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*2 ! trail is tak5 at ! comm& m>*4 ,:5 ! fac+s1 alignm5ts1 op5 & close ranks1 tak+ int]val or di/ance1 & assembl+s are execut$ f ! ord]1 raise ! piece to ! trail :ile 9 motion & resume ! ord] on halt+4 ,sev5?4 ,! piece is br\ght to ! ord] on halt+4 ,! execution ( ! ord] beg9s :5 ! halt is complet$4 ,eigh?4 ,a dis5gag$ h& 9 d\ble "t is held z :5 )\t arms4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! execution ( ! manual ( arms3 ,fir/4 ,9 all positions ( ! left h& at ! balance 7c5t] ( gravity1 bayonet unfix$7 ! ?umb clasps ! piece2 ! sl+ is includ$ 9 ! grasp ( ! h&4 ,second4 ,9 all positions ( ! piece1 diagonally across ! body ! position ( ! piece1 left arm & h& are ! same z 9 port arms4 ,?ird4 ,9 resum+ ! ord] f any position 9 ! manual1 ! motion next to ! la/ concludes ) ! butt ( ! piece ab\t #c in*es f ! gr\nd1 b>rel to ! re>1 ! left h& above & ne> ! "r1 /eady+ ! piece1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m & wri/ /raight & incl9+ d[nw>d1 all f+]s ( ! "r h& grasp+ ! piece4 ,to complete ! ord]1 l[] ! piece g5tly to ! gr\nd ) ! "r h&1 drop ! left quickly by ! side1 & take ! position ( ord] arms4 ,all[+ ! piece to drop ?r\gh ! "r h& to ! gr\nd1 or o!r simil> abuse ( ! rifle to produce effect 9 execut+ ! manual1 is prohibit$4 ,f\r?4 ,! cad5ce ( ! motions is t ( quick "t2 ! recruits are fir/ requir$ to give _! :ole att5tion to ! details ( ! motions1 ! cad5ce be+ gradually acquir$ z !y become accu/om$ to h&l+ _! pieces4 ,! in/ructor may require !m to c\nt al\d 9 cad5ce ) ! motions4 ,fif?4 ,! manual is taught at a halt & ! movem5ts are1 = ! purpose ( in/ruction1 divid$ into motions & execut$ 9 detail2 9 ?is case ! comm& ( execution det]m9es ! prompt execution ( ! fir/ motion1 & ! comm&s1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 t ( ! o!r motions4 ,to execute ! movem5ts 9 detail1 ! in/ructor fir/ cautions3 ,by ! numb]s2 all movem5ts divid$ into motions are !n execut$ z above expla9$ until he cautions3 ,)\t ! numb]s2 or comm&s movem5ts o!r ?an ^? 9 ! manual ( arms4 ,six?4 ,:5ev] circum/ances require1 ! regul> positions ( ! manual ( arms & ! fir+s may be ord]$ )\t reg>d to ! previ\s position ( ! piece4 ,"u exceptional conditions ( wea!r or fatigue ! rifle may be c>ri$ 9 any mann] direct$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,squad ,bas$ on ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,,close ,,ord] ,,drills ,= sev]al days aft] report+ y w und]go _m h\rs ( close ord] drill4 ,y w ask y\rself1 ,:y is all ?is m5tal & physical /ra9 necess>y :5 ^! ex]cises are n us$ 9 battle8 ,! answ] is3 !y are discipl9>y ex]cises & are design$ to inculcate t prompt & subconsci\s ob$i5ce :i* is ess5tial to prop] milit>y control & to tea* y precise & soldi]ly movem5ts2 h5ce1 !y are execut$ at att5tion4 ,,def9itions ,deploy4 ,to ext5d ! front4 ,a squad deploys :5 x goes ,z skirmi%]s4 ,a company likewise deploys :5 x goes f column into l9e4 ,file4 ,two m51 ! front rank man & ! correspond+ man 9 ! re> rank4 ,! front rank man is ! file lead]4 ,a file :i* has no re> rank man is a blank file4 ,int]val4 ,space betwe5 elem5ts ( ! same l9e4 ,! int]val betwe5 m5 9 ranks is #d in*es & is measur$ f elb[ to elb[4 ,x is to get ?is int]val t ea* man is requir$ to raise 8 arm :5 ! company is =m$4 ,di/ance4 ,space betwe5 elem5ts 9 ! direction ( dep?4 ,x is measur$ f ! back ( ! man 9 front to ! brea/ ( ! man 9 re>4 ,! re> rank :5 9 l9e or column is #dj in*es f ! front rank4 ,! guide ( a squad 9 l9e is "r unless o!rwise ann\nc$4 ,! guide ( a squad deploy$1 7i4e41 skirmi%]s7 is c5t] unless o!rwise ann\nc$4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,squad ,to =m ! squad ! in/ructor places himself #c paces 9 front ( :]e ! c5t] is to be & comm&s3 ,fall 94 ,! m5 assemble at att5tion1 pieces at ! ord]1 & are arrang$ by ! corporal 9 d\ble rank1 z ne>ly z practicable 9 ord] ( height f "r to left1 ea* man dropp+ 8 left h& z soon z ! man on 8 left has 8 int]val4 ,! re> rank =ms ) di/ance ( #dj in*es4 ,! in/ructor !n comm&s3 ,c\nt (f4 ,at ?is comm& all except ! "r file execute eyes "r1 & beg9n+ on ! "r1 ! m5 9 ea* rank c\nt "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r--"o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r2 ea* man turns 8 head & eyes to ! front z he c\nts4 ,pieces are !n inspect$4 ,illu/ration ,! purpose ( putt+ ! left h& on ! hip is to get en\gh elb[ room4 ,a man %\ld h suffici5t space to op]ate 8 piece4 ,^! f\r-in* int]vals give x to him4 ,illu/ration ,note ! space betwe5 elb[s 7int]val7 is #d in*es4 ,! space betwe5 ! front & re> rank 7di/ance7 is #dj in*es1 & is measur$ f ! back ( ! man 9 front to ! brea/ ( ! man 9 ! re>4 ,,alignm5ts ,to align ! squad1 ! base file or files hav+ be5 e/abli%$3 #a4 ,"r 7left71 #b4 ,,dress1 #c4 ,,front4 ,at ! comm& dress1 all m5 place ! left h& ^u ! hip 7:e!r dress+ to ! "r or left72 ea* man1 except ! base file1 :5 on or ne> ! new l9es executes eyes "r1 &1 tak+ /eps ( #b or #c in*es1 places himself s t 8 "r arm re/s lightly aga9/ ! elb[ ( ! man on 8 "r 7vice v]sa 9 left dress+71 & s t 8 eyes & %\ld]s are 9 l9e ) ^? ( ! m5 on 8 "r1 & also t ea* man c see ! eyes ( at lea/ two m5 on 8 "r4 ,illu/ration ,! in/ructor v]ifies ! alignm5t ( bo? ranks f ! "r flank & ord]s up or back su* m5 z may be 9 ! re>1 or 9 advance1 ( ! l9e2 only ! m5 designat$ move4 ,at ! comm& front1 giv5 :5 ! ranks are align$1 ea* man turns 8 head & eyes to ! front & drops 8 left h& by 8 side4 ,!re are 9 dress+ a numb] ( common errors t we %\ld try to avoid4 ,don't jab ! man on y\r left ) y\r elb[4 ,if y are n on ! l9e1 move y\r feet4 ,don't lean =w>d or backw>d4 ,be sure to t\* g5tly ! man on y\r "r ) y\r "r arm4 ,be c]ta9 to keep y\r left elb[ =c$ well to ! front4 ,?is is a little uncom=table at fir/1 b unless we d ?is our arms w n measure ! #d in*es correctly4 ,don't hump up ! left %\ld]1 & don't turn ! %\ld]s to ! "r4 ,keep f+]s ( left h& ext5d$ & jo9$4 ,we want to place especial /ress on ! importance ( ?ree movem5ts 9 ! s*ool ( ! squad4 ,:5 y h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ^! ?ree1 y w h a spl5did basis = ! rema9d] ( ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 ! full value ( :i* y w lat] appreciate4 ,^! are3 ,squad "r1 ,squad "r ab\t1 & ,"r turn4 ,! fir/ l9e draw+ 9 ?is *apt] %[s correct proportions ( int]val & di/ance4 ,to save space & = conv5i5ce1 ! draw+s h]eaft] are made )\t reg>d to proportions 7int]vals & di/ances74 ,fir/ ,movem5t ,,squad ,,"r ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn & m>*3 #a4 ,squad "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,9 ?is movem5t _m in/ructors h recruit squads /ep (f on ! #g? c\nt4 ,:5 ! drill progresses ! squad %\ld /ep (f on ! #e? c\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is :at we h ,?is is :at we want ,at ! comm& m>*1 ,no4 #a 9 ! front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>ks "t2 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! front rank turn #de degrees to ! "r 7"r oblique71 place !mselves abrea/ 7on ! same l9e7 ( ,no4 #a & m>k "t4 ,n[ x is difficult quickly to und]/& ! movem5ts ( ! re> rank4 ,give !m a lot ( /udy & don't g on until y are c]ta9 t y und]/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is ! way x is done4 ,no4 #c moves /raight to ! front4 ,no4 #b foll[s ,no4 #c4 ,no4 #a foll[s ,no4 #b4 ,:5 !y 7,nos4 #c1 #b & #a7 arrive 9 re> ( _! file lead]s1 7,nos4 #c1 #b & #a1 front rank7 !y face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>k "t4 ,no4 #d ( ! re> rank moves /raight to ! front f\r paces1 & places himself abrea/ ( ,no4 #c1 re> rank4 ,:5 ,no4 #d1 front rank1 & ,no4 #d1 re> rank1 are on ! l9e1 7& ! rema9d] ( ! squad mu/ glance t[>d !m to see :5 t is true71 ! :ole squad moves =w>d )\t fur!r comm&4 ,note t we h said t ,no4 #a front rank m>ks "t4 ,we see t he becomes1 tempor>ily1 an immovable pivot = 8 squad4 ,we1 !re=e1 call him a fix$ pivot4 ,_h ! comm& be5 squad left1 in/ead ( squad "r1 ,no4 #d w\ld h be5 ! fix$ pivot in/ead ( ,no4 #a4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn & halt3 #a4 ,squad "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! turn is execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! prec$+ case except t all m51 on arriv+ on ! new l9e1 m>k "t until ! comm& halt is giv51 :5 all halt4 ,:5ev] ! ?ird comm& 7i4e41 squad7 is giv5 means t ! comm& halt is to foll[4 ,?is is caution to ! squad to prep>e to halt4 ,! comm& halt %\ld be giv5 z ,no4 #d arrives on ! l9e4 ,second ,movem5t ,,squad ,,"r ,,ab\t ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn ab\t & m>*3 #a4 ,squad "r 7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is :at we h ,?is is :at we want ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! front rank twice executes ,squad "r1 initiat+ 7/>t+7 ! second ,squad "r :5 ,no4 #d has arriv$ on ! l9e4 ,t mu* is v simple4 ,! re> rank has a h>d] task4 ,let u h ! front & re> rank execute ! movem5t sep>ately3 ,illu/ration ,! re> rank is to take its place on ! dott$ l9e a b4 ,no4 #c re> rank moves /raight to ! front until 9 prolongation ( ! l9e to be occupi$ by ! re> rank4 ,no4 #b foll[s ,no4 #c4 ,no4 #a foll[s ,no4 #b4 ,:5 ,no4 #c arrives on ! l9e to be occupi$ by ! re> rank he *anges direction to ! "r2 he moves 9 ! new direction until 9 re> ( ,no4 #c1 front rank1 :5 ,nos4 #c1 #b1 & #a1 re> rank1 are 9 re> ( ,nos4 #c1 #b1 & #a1 front rank1 7i4e41 :5 !y are 9 re> ( _! front rank m571 !y face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>k "t4 ,no4 #d m>*es on ! left ( ,no4 #c to 8 new position4 ,z he arrives on ! l9e1 bo? ranks execute =w>d m>* )\t comm&1 ,= ! rema9d] ( ! squad to "k :5 ,no4 #d front & re> rank h arriv$ on ! l9e1 !y glance to see4 ,! squad %\ld /ep (f on ! #i? c\nt4 ,?ird ,movem5t ,,"r ,,turn ,be+ 9 l9e3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 turn1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,is ,,! ,,way ,,x ,,is ,,done ,at ! comm& m>*1 ,no4 #a front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & takes ! half /ep4 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d front rank "r oblique 7turn #de degrees to ! "r7 until opposite _! places 9 l9e1 !n execute a second "r oblique & take ! half /ep on arriv+ abrea/ ( ! pivot man4 ,:5 ,no4 #d arrives on ! l9e ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d take ! full /ep )\t fur!r comm&4 7,to "k :5 ,no4 #d arrives on ! l9e x is necess>y to glance 9 8 direction47 ,full /ep on ! #g? c\nt4 ,! re> rank executes ! movem5t 9 ! same way & turns on ! same gr\nd z ! front rank4 ,! re> rank1 !re=e1 moves =w>d at ! comm& m>*1 or cont9ues to move =w>d1 if already m>*+1 until x arrives at ! place :]e ! front turn$1 :5 x turns4 ,note t ! squad turns on ,no4 #a front rank b t he does n rema9 9 8 position ev5 tempor>ily1 z 9 squad "r2 he is1 !re=e1 call$ ! mov+ pivot4 ,no4 #d is call$ ! m>*+ flank4 ,_h ! comm& be5 left turn1 ,no4 #d w\ld h be5 ! mov+ pivot1 & ,no4 #a ! m>*+ flank4 ,kn[+ ! ?ree above movem5ts1 we are prep>$ = ! foll[+3 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,take int]val1 #b4 ,to ! "r 7left71 #c4 ,,m>*1 #d4 ,squad1 #e4 ,,halt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be+ ,,9 ,,?is ,,=mation ,at ! comm& to ! "r 7left71 ! re> rank m5 m>* backw>d f\r /eps 7#ae in*es ea* /ep7 & halt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l ,,?is ,note t ! actual di/ance f ! front rank to ! re> rank is n[ #dj plus #dx#ae in*es1 i4e41 #ajj in*es4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 all face to ! "r & ,no4 #a front & re> rank /ep (f4 ,no4 #b1 front & re> rank1 foll[ ,no4 #a1 front & re> rank1 at a di/ance ( f\r paces4 ,likewise ) ! o!r numb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,l ?is1 :5 ,no4 #a front & re> rank h ga9$ f\r paces di/ance4 ,at ! comm& halt1 giv5 :5 ,no4 #c is ?ree paces di/ant f ,no4 #d1 all halt & face to ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,! squad looks l ?is :5 ! movem5t is complet$4 ,be+ at int]vals3 #a4 ,assemble1 to ! "r1 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ,no4 #a front rank /&s fa/4 ,no4 #a re> rank closes to #dj in*es4 ,! o!r m5 face to ! "r1 close by ! %orte/ l9e1 & face to ! front4 ,illu/ration ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,take di/ance1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ,no4 #a ( ! front rank moves /raight to ! front2 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! front rank & ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! re> rank1 9 ! ord] nam$1 move /raight to ! front1 ea* /epp+ (f s z to foll[ ! prec$+ man at f\r paces4 ,! comm& halt is giv5 :5 all h _! di/ances4 ,9 case m ?an "o squad is 9 l9e1 ea* squad executes ! movem5t z above4 ,! guide ( ea* rank ( numb]s is "r4 ,illu/ration ,! front rank m5 %\ld walk /raight to ! front & _! re> rank m5 %\ld cov] !m accurately4 ,be+ at di/ances1 to assemble ! squad3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,no4 #a ( ! front rank /&s fa/2 ! o!r numb]s move =w>d to _! prop] places 9 l9e4 ,,! ,,oblique ,,m>* ,= ! in/ruction ( recruits1 ! squad be+ 9 column or correctly align$1 ! in/ructor causes ! squad to face half "r 7or half left71 po9ts out to ! m5 _! relative positions1 & expla9s t ^! are to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! oblique m>*4 #a4 ,"r 7left7 oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea* man /eps (f 9 a direction #de degrees to ! "r ( 8 orig9al front4 ,he pres]ves 8 relative position1 keep+ 8 %\ld]s p>allel to ^? ( ! guide 7! man on ! "r front ( ! l9e or column71 & s regulates 8 /eps t ! ranks rema9 p>allel to _! orig9al front4 ,at ! comm& halt1 ! m5 halt fac$ to ! front4 ,to resume ! orig9al direction3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration ,! m5 half face to ! left 9 m>*+ & !n move /raight to ! front4 ,if at half /ep or m>k "t :ile obliqu+1 ! oblique m>* is resum$ by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,,to ,,foll[ ,,! ,,corporal ,be+ assembl$ or deploy$1 to m>* ! squad )\t unnecess>y comm&s1 ! corporal places himself 9 front ( x & comm&s3 ,,foll[ ,,me4 ,if 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e1 ,no4 #b ( ! front rank foll[s 9 ! track ( ! corporal at ab\t #c paces2 ! o!r m5 con=m to ! movem5ts ( ,no4 #b1 guid+ on him & ma9ta9+ _! relative positions4 ,if 9 column1 ! head ( ! column foll[s ! corporal4 ,illu/ration ,note t ,no4 #d re> rank takes ! place ( ! corporal :5 ! corporal is 9 front ( ! squad4 ,?is a g5]al rule4 ,:5 any front rank man is abs5t 8 re> rank man /eps up 9 ! front rank4 ,:5 ! squad is foll[+ ! corporal ,no4 #d re> rank rema9s blank 7i4e41 ,no4 #c does n /ep to ! left & cov] ,no4 #d74 ,,to ,,deploy ,,z ,,skirmi%]s ,be+ 9 any =mation1 assembl$3 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! corporal places himself 9 front ( ! squad1 if n already !re4 ,mov+ at a run1 ! m5 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! corporal at half-pace int]vals4 ,nos4 #a & #b on 8 "r1 ,nos4 #c & #d on 8 left1 re>-rank m5 on ! "r ( _! file lead]s1 extra m5 on ! left ( ,no4 #d2 all !n con=m to ! corporal's gait4 ,!re is a rule ( ?umb t mu/ be rememb]$4 ,! re>-rank man is always on ! "r ( 8 file lead]4 ,a common error is = beg9n]s to execute ! movem5t at a sl[ trot :i* a run is requir$4 ,:5 ! squad is act+ alone1 skirmi% l9e is simil>ly =m$ on ,no4 #b ( ! front rank1 :o /&s fa/ or cont9ues ! m>*1 z ! case may be2 ! corporal places himself 9 front ( ! squad :5 advanc+ & 9 re> :5 halt$4 ,:5 deploy$ z skirmi%]s1 ! m5 m>* at ease1 pieces at ! trail unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,! corporal is ! guide :5 9 ! l9e2 o!rwise ,no4 #b front rank is ! guide4 ,! guide is c5t]4 ,! normal int]val betwe5 skirmi%]s is "o-half pace1 result+ practically 9 "o man p] y>d ( front4 ,! front ( a squad ?us deploy$ z skirmi%]s is ab\t #aj paces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squad ,,deploy$ ,,on ,,corporal ,,?is ,,is ,,! ,,way ,,x ,,is ,,done ,! common error is to keep an int]val ( a v few in*es :5 #ae in*es are requir$4 ,,to ,,increase ,,or ,,dim9i% ,,int]vals ,if assembl$1 & x is desir$ to deploy at great] ?an ! normal int]val2 or if deploy$1 & x is desir$ to increase or decrease ! int]val3 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1 7s _m7 paces1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,int]vals are tak5 at ! indicat$ numb] ( paces4 ,if already deploy$1 ! m5 move by ! flank or away f ! guide4 ,! above comm& is us$ b v little4 ,,! ,,assembly ,be+ deploy$3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! m5 move t[>d ! corporal & =m 9 _! prop] places4 ,if ! corporal cont9ues to advance1 ! m5 move 9 d\ble "t1 =m1 & foll[ him4 ,! assembly :ile m>*+ to ! re> is n execut$4 ,note4 ,x w be bett] = ! beg9n] to let ! rema9d] ( ?is *apt] g = a:ile4 ,y\r in/ructor w expla9 all ( ! foll[+ po9ts 9 a way t w be easi] = y ?an = y to try to "w !m out alone4 ,!y w come up 9 ! fir/ mon?'s "w & w be expla9$ & %[n z y g along4 ,z y become m pr(ici5t we advise y1 !n1 to take up ! rema9d] ( ! *apt]4 ,if /&+3 ,,kneel4 ,half face to ! "r2 c>ry ! "r toe ab\t #a foot to ! left re> ( ! left heel2 kneel on ! "r knee1 sitt+ z ne>ly z possible on ! "r heel2 left =e>m across left ?igh2 piece rema9s 9 position ( ord] arms1 "r h& grasp+ x above ! l[] h&4 ,if /&+ or kneel+3 ,,lie ,,d[n4 ,kneel1 b ) "r knee aga9/ left heel2 c>ry back ! left foot & lie flat on ! belly1 incl9+ body ab\t #ce degrees to ! "r2 piece horizontal1 b>rel up1 muzzle (f ! gr\nd & po9t$ to ! front2 elb[s on ! gr\nd2 left h& at ! balance1 "r h& grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock opposite ! neck4 ,?is is ! position ( ord] arms1 ly+ d[n4 ,if kneel+ or ly+ d[n3 ,,rise4 ,if kneel+1 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! left heel4 ,if ly+ d[n1 raise body on bo? knees2 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! knees4 ,if ly+ d[n3 ,,kneel4 ,raise ! body on bo? knees2 take ! position ( kneel4 ,9 d\ble rank1 ! positions ( kneel+ & ly+ d[n are ord9>ily us$ only = ! bett] utilization ( cov]4 ,:5 deploy$ z skirmi%]s1 a sitt+ position may be tak5 9 lieu ( ! kneel+ position4 ,,load+s ,,& ,,fir+s ,! comm&s = load+ & fir+ are ! same :e!r /&+1 kneel+1 or ly+ d[n4 ,! fir+s are always execut$ at a halt4 ,:5 kneel+ or ly+ d[n 9 d\ble rank1 ! re> rank does n load1 aim1 or fire4 ,! in/ruction 9 fir+ w be prec$$ by a comm& = load+4 ,load+s are execut$ 9 l9e & skirmi% l9e only4 ,pieces1 hav+ be5 ord]$ load$1 are kept load$ )\t comm& until ! comm& unload1 or inspection arms1 fre% clips be+ ins]t$ :5 ! magaz9e is exhau/$4 ,! aim+ po9t or t>get is c>efully po9t$ out4 ,?is may be done be=e or aft] ann\nc+ ! sight sett+4 ,bo? are indicat$ be=e giv+ ! comm& = fir+1 b may be omitt$ :5 ! t>get appe>s sudd5ly & is unmi/akable2 9 su* case battle sight is us$ if no sight sett+ is ann\nc$4 ,! t>get or aim+ po9t hav+ be5 designat$ & ! sight sett+ ann\nc$1 su* designation or ann\ncem5t ne$ n be repeat$ until a *ange ( ei!r or bo? is necess>y4 ,troops are tra9$ to cont9ue _! fire ^u ! aim+ po9t or t>get designat$1 & at ! sight sett+ ann\nc$1 until a *ange is ord]$4 ,if ! m5 are n already 9 ! position ( load1 t position is tak5 at ! ann\ncem5t ( ! sight sett+2 if ! ann\ncem5t is omitt$1 ! position is tak5 at ! fir/ comm& = fir+4 ,:5 deploy$1 ! use ( ! sl+ z an aid to accurate fir+ is discretion>y ) ea* man4 ,,to ,,load ,be+ 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e at halt3 #a4 ,) dummy 7blank or ball7 c>tridges1 #b4 ,,load4 ,at ! comm& load ea* front-rank man or skirmi%] faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot to ! "r1 ab\t #a foot1 to su* position z w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess ( ! body2 raises1 or l[]s1 ! piece & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock1 muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/1 & turns ! cut-(f up4 ,) ! "r h&1 he turns & draws ! bolt back1 takes a load$ clip & ins]ts ! end 9 ! clip slots1 places ! ?umb on ! p[d] space ( ! top c>tridge1 ! f+]s ext5d+ ar\nd ! piece & tips re/+ on ! magaz9e floor plate2 =ces ! c>tridges into ! magaz9e by press+ d[n ) ! ?umb2 )\t remov+ ! clip1 ?ru/s ! bolt home1 turn+ d[n ! h&le2 turns ! safety lock to ! safe & c>ries ! h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,ea* re> rank man moves to ! "r front1 takes a simil> position opposite ! int]val to ! "r ( 8 front rank man1 muzzle ( ! piece ext5d+ beyond ! front rank1 & loads4 ,a skirmi% l9e may load :ile mov+1 ! pieces be+ held z neatly z practicable 9 ! position ( load4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+1 ! position ( ! piece is simil>2 if kneel+1 ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh2 if sitt+ ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees2 if ly+ d[n1 ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,,/ack ,,& ,,take ,,arms ,! subject ( /ack & take arms is less important ?an ! re/ ( ?is *apt]4 ,x is difficult to be le>n$ f a book4 ,y\r company comm&] w expla9 x to y4 ,x is giv5 "h to s]ve z a ref]5ce4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 ,,/ack ,,arms4 ,ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 piece ) ! left h& at ! upp] b& & re/s ! butt betwe5 8 feet1 b>rel to ! front1 muzzle incl9$ slightly to ! front & opposite ! c5t] ( ! int]val on 8 "r1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! re> rank !n passes 8 piece1 b>rel to ! re>1 to 8 file lead]1 :o grasps x betwe5 ! b&s ) 8 "r h& & ?r[s ! butt ab\t two feet 9 advance ( t ( 8 own piece & opposite ! "r ( ! int]val1 ! "r h& slipp+ to ! upp] b&1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel1 :i* he engages ) t ( 8 own piece2 ea* odd numb] ( ! front rank raises 8 piece ) ! "r h&1 c>ries x well =w>d1 b>rel to ! front2 ! left h&1 guid+ ! /ack+ swivel1 engages ! l[] hook ( ! swivel ( 8 own piece ) ! free hook ( t ( ! ev5 numb] ( ! re> rank2 he !n turns ! b>rel outw>d into ! angle =m$ by ! o!r two pieces & l[]s ! butt to ! gr\nd1 to ! "r ( & aga9/ ! toe ( 8 "r %oe4 ,! /acks made1 ! loose pieces are laid on !m by ! ev5 numb]s ( ! front rank4 ,:5 ea* man has f9i%$ h&l+ pieces1 he takes ! position ( ! soldi]4 ,be+ 9 l9e beh9d ! /acks3 ,,take ,,arms4 ,! loose pieces are return$ by ! ev5 numb]s ( ! front rank2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 own piece ) ! left h&1 ! piece ( 8 re>-rank man ) 8 "r h&1 grasp+ bo? betwe5 ! b&s2 ea* odd numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 piece 9 ! same way ) ! "r h&1 dis5gages x by rais+ ! butt f ! gr\nd & !n1 turn+ ! piece to ! "r1 deta*es x f ! /ack2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank dis5gages & deta*es 8 piece by turn+ x to ! left1 & !n passes ! piece ( 8 re>-rank man to him1 & all resume ! ord]4 ,%\ld any squad h ,nos4 #b & #c blank files1 ,no4 #a re> rank takes ! place ( ,no4 #b re> rank 9 mak+ & break+ ! /ack2 ! /acks made or brok51 he resumes 8 po/4 ,pieces n us$ 9 mak+ ! /ack are t]m$ loose pieces4 ,pieces are nev] /ack$ ) ! bayonet fix$4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,company ,bas$ on ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,! company 9 l9e is =m$ 9 d\ble rank ) ! m5 arrang$1 z f> z practicable1 accord+ to height f "r to left1 ! talle/ on ! "r4 ,! orig9al division into squads is effect$ by ! comm&3 ,c\nt (f4 ,! squads1 successively f ! "r1 c\nt (f z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 corporals plac+ !mselves z ,no4 #d ( ! front rank4 ,at ! =mation ( ! company ! platoons or squads are numb]$ consecutively f "r to left1 & ^! designations d n *ange4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 giv+ comm&s & = ref]5ce1 ! designations1 "r1 c5t]1 left1 :5 9 l9e1 & lead+1 c5t]1 re>1 :5 9 column1 are appli$ to platoons or squads4 ,^! designations1 "r1 c5t]1 left1 :5 9 l9e1 & lead+1 c5t]1 re>1 :5 9 column1 are appli$ to ! actual "r1 left1 c5t]1 head1 or re>1 9 :atev] direction ! company may be fac+4 ,! c5t] squad is ! middle or "r middle squad ( ! company4 ,if !re are an ev5 numb] ( squads 9 ! company1 = in/ance eight1 ! c5t] squad w\ld be ! f\r?4 ,! designation ,s-&-s's squad or platoon may also be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is exactly ! same z ! photograph4 ,x %[s ! correct position ( e man 9 ! company4 man = man4 ,dur+ battle1 ^! assignm5ts are n *ang$2 vacancies are fill$ by non-commission$ (fic]s ( ! platoon1 or by ! ne>e/ available (fic]s or non-commission$ (fic]s arriv+ ) re9=c+ troops4 ,,close ,,ord] ,9 column ( squads1 ea* rank pres]ves ! alignm5t t[>d ! side ( ! guide4 ,m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s d n execute load+s & fir+s4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,company ,at ! s\nd+ ( ! assembly ! fir/ s]geant takes position #f paces 9 front ( :]e ! c5t] ( ! company is to be1 faces x1 draws sab]1 & comm&s3 ,fall 94 ,! "r guide ( ! company places himself1 fac+ to ! front1 :]e ! "r ( ! company is to re/1 & at su* po9t t ! c5t] ( ! company w be #f paces f & opposite ! fir/ s]geant2 ! squads =m 9 _! prop] places on ! left ( ! "r guide1 sup]9t5d$ by ! o!r s]geants1 :o !n take _! po/s4 ,! fir/ s]geant comm&s3 ,report4 ,rema9+ 9 position at ! ord]1 ! squad lead]s1 9 succession f ! "r1 salute & report3 ,all pres5t2 or ,private7s7---- abs5t4 ,! fir/ s]geant does n return ! salutes ( ! squad lead]s2 he !n comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,ord]1 #d4 ,,arms1 faces ab\t1 salutes ! capta91 reports3 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =1 or ! names ( ! unau?oriz$ abs5tees1 & )\t comm&1 takes 8 po/4 ,if ! company _c be =m$ by squads1 ! fir/ s]geant comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,"r %\ld]1 #d4 ,,arms1 & calls ! roll4 ,ea* man1 z 8 "n is call$1 answ]s "h & executes ord] arms4 ,! s]geant !n effects ! division into squads & reports ! company z prescrib$ above4 ,! capta9 places himself #ab paces 9 front ( ! c5t] (1 & fac+1 ! company 9 "t to receive ! report ( ! fir/ s]geant1 ^: salute he returns1 & !n draws sab]4 ,! lieut5ants take _! po/s :5 ! fir/ s]geant has report$1 & draw sab] ) ! capta94 ,g5]ally 9 camp ! sab] is n worn4 ,! (fic]s & fir/ s]geants c>ry pi/ols4 ,! h& salute is r5d]$ :5 s arm$4 ,9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad we gave ?ree movem5ts t =m$ ! basis ( ! squad drill4 ,!re are six movem5ts 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,company t %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,:5 ! beg9n] kn[s ^! he w h no difficulty ) ! rema9d] ( ! close ord]4 #a,,/ ,,movem5t ,,on ,,! ,,fix$ ,,pivot ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn ! company3 #a4 ,company "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt2 or1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%[+ ,,movem5t ,,half ,,complet$ ,notice t ! "p ( ! company :i* has n complet$ ! movem5t is p]p5dicul> to ! "p t has4 ,! common error is = ! re> rank to oblique be=e m>*+ f\r paces to ! front4 ,at ! second comm& ! "r-flank man 9 ! front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>ks "t2 ! o!r front-rank m51 oblique to ! "r1 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! pivot1 & m>k "t2 9 ! re> rank ! ?ird man f ! "r1 foll[$ 9 column by ! second & fir/1 moves /raight to ! front until 9 re> ( 8 front-rank man1 :5 all face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>k "t2 ! rema9+ m5 ( ! re> rank move /raight to ! front #d paces1 oblique to ! "r1 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! ?ird man1 cov] _! file lead]s1 & m>k "t2 ! "r guide /eps back1 takes po/ on ! flank & m>ks "t4 ,! f\r? comm& is giv5 :5 ! la/ man is #a pace 9 re> ( ! new l9e4 ,! comm& ,halt may be giv5 at any "t aft] ! movem5t beg9s2 only ^? halt :o are 9 ! new position4 ,ea* ( ! o!rs halts ^u arriv+ on ! l9e1 aligns himself to ! "r1 & executes front )\t comm&4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is movem5t & squad "r is slight4 ,! re> rank acts a little diff]5tly1 & ! company waits = ! comm& to move =w>d4 ,! idea is exactly ! same4 #b;,d ,,movem5t ,,on ,,! ,,mov+ ,,pivot ,be+ 9 l9e1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 turn1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c3 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 except t ! m5 d n glance t[>d ! m>*+ flank & t all take ! full /ep at ! f\r? comm&4 ,! "r guide is ! pivot ( ! front rank4 ,ea* re>-rank man obliques on ! same gr\nd z 8 file lead]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ird ,,movem5t ,,to ,,*ange ,,f ,,l9e ,,to ,,column ,,& ,,move ,,=w>d ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads & move =w>d3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by squads1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! "r squad m>*es =w>d2 ! rema9d] ( ! company executes squads "r1 column left1 & foll[s ! "r squad4 ,! "r guide1 :5 he has po/$ himself 9 front ( ! "r squad1 takes f\r %ort /eps1 !n resumes ! full /eps2 ! "r squad con=ms4 ,a common error is = ! guide to =get to take ! f\r %ort /eps4 ,illu/ration3 ,! diagram %[s ! movem5t complet$ ,keep dress$ accurately on ! side ( ! guide4 7,he is always on ! side opposite f ! file clos]s ,?is is a rule ( ?umb t %\ld be memoriz$ at once47 ,! guide 9 e squad %\ld keep #dj in*es f ! man 9 front4 ,s _m new m5 =get ab\t ! #dj in*es4 ,!y usually take a little ov] #cj4 ,:5 ! company is mov$ into l9e !re is ( c\rse a jam4 ,hold y\r head up4 ,don't look d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,y w be 9 ! =mation m ?an any o!r4 ,try to keep ! foll[+ cautions 9 m9d3 ,! lead+ m5 ( ! company %\ld h f\r in*es int]val4 ,bett] to h too mu* ?an too little if mi/akes are to be insi/$ ^u4 ,keep ! pieces 9 ! correct positions at "r %\ld] & !n h heads & rifles 9 a bee l9e4 ,:5 ! movem5t is complet$ ! company w be 9 ! =mation %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,,f\r? ,,movem5t ,,column ,,"r ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,column "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! second comm& ! front rank ( ! lead+ squad turns to ! "r on mov+ pivot z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad2 ! o!r ranks1 )\t comm&1 turn successively on ! same gr\nd & 9 simil> mann]4 ,illu/ration ,x is a v common error = ! pivot man to take too %ort a /ep & !reby cause a jam4 ,be> ?is 9 m9d4 ,ano!r v common error is = ! flank man 7or m57 to take a v long /ep4 ,?is is caus$ by ! pivot man's =gett+ to glance & see :5 ! flank man arrives on ! l9e1 be=e he takes ! full /ep4 ,ano!r common error is to get out ( column :ile mak+ ?is movem5t4 ,be> ?is 9 m9d & walk /raight to ! turn+ po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,%[s ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,column ,,( ,,squads1 ,,correct ,,position ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,%[s ,,! ,,common ,,errors ,n[ we come to ! la/ two movem5ts4 ,!y cause m tr\ble ?an any o!rs4 ,,fif? ,,movem5t ,,on ,,"r 7,,left7 ,,into ,,l9e ,be+ 9 column ( platoons or squads1 to =m l9e on "r or left3 #a4 ,on "r 7left7 into l9e1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 7,on "r left into l9e1 means turn 9 ! direction t is on y\r "r & get into l9e4 ,y h to be 9 column be=e ! movem5t is begun47 ,let u fir/ consid] ! company 9 column ( squads4 ,illu/ration ,at ! capta9's comm& on "r into l9e1 ! corporal ( ! lead+ squad comm&s "r turn4 ,! corporals ( all ! rema9+ squads1 if halt$1 comm& =w>d1 if m>*+ !y caution _! squads to cont9ue ! m>*4 ,at ! capta9's comm& m>*1 ! lead+ squad turns to ! "r on a mov+ pivot4 ,! rema9+ squads m>* /raight to ! front4 ,ea* corporal comm&s "r turn be=e arriv+ opposite ! "r ( 8 squads place 9 l9e4 ,:5 ! front rank ( 8 squad has arriv$ opposite t place he gives ! comm& m>*4 ,! comm& halt is giv5 :5 ! lead+ squad has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance 9 ! new direction4 ,only ! lead+ squad halts4 ,! corporal !n comm&s "r dress4 ,! rema9+ corporals be=e arrival on ! l9e1 comm&1 squad1 & add ! comm& halt j be=e ! "r front rank rea*es ! l9e4 ,!n1 !y1 comm& "r dress4 ,! capta9 !n dresses ! company & comm&s front4 ,if execut$ 9 d\ble "t ! lead+ squad m>*es 9 d\ble "t until halt$4 ,n[ let u consid] ! company 9 columns ( platoons4 ,see illu/ration on next page4 ,at ! capta9's comm& on "r into l9e1 ! lead] ( ! fir/ platoon comm&s "r turn1 ! lead]s ( ! re> platoons1 if halt$1 comm& =w>d2 if m>*+1 !y caution _! platoons to cont9ue ! m>*4 ,! fir/ platoon executes ! "r turn at ! capta9's comm& m>*4 ,hav+ complet$ ! turn ! platoon comm&] gives ! comm&1 =w>d1 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration ,! rema9+ platoon comm&]s give "r turn1 ,,m>*1 :5 opposite _! places1 & ! comm&1 =w>d1 ,,m>*1 :5 ! turn has be5 complet$4 ,:5 ! lead+ platoon has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance ! capta9 gives ! comm&1 company1 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& company1 ! lead+ platoon lead] gives ! comm&1 platoon4 ,8 platoon only halts at ! capta9's comm&1 halt4 ,! platoon lead] !n gives ! comm&1 "r dress1 & takes 8 po/ 9 ! file clos]s4 ,! rema9+ platoons are successively halt$ & dress$ by _! lead]4 ,! capta9 gives ! comm& ,,front4 ,,six? ,,movem5t ,,"r ,,front ,,into ,,l9e ,be+ 9 column ( platoons or squads1 to =m l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 front into l9e1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 7,"r left front into l9e means move to ! "r ( ! front & get into l9e4 ,x is necess>y to be 9 column to beg9 ?is movem5t47 ,let u fir/ consid] ! company 9 column ( squads4 ,at ! capta9's comm&1 "r front into l9e1 ! corporal ( ! lead+ squad1 if halt$1 comm&s =w>d2 if m>*+1 he cautions 8 squad1 cont9ue ! m>*4 ,! corporals ( ! rema9+ squads comm& "r oblique4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! lead+ squad moves =w>d4 ,! rema9+ squads oblique z indicat$4 ,! comm& halt is giv5 :5 ! lead+ squad has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance2 its corporal !n comm&s left dress4 ,! rema9+ corporals comm& =w>d1 ,,m>*1 :5 opposite _! places 9 ! l9e4 ,!y halt & dress _! squads on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! lead+ squad4 ,:5 ! company is 9 column ( platoons ! movem5t is execut$ 9 ! same mann] & by ! same comm&s except ! ^w platoon is sub/itut$ = squad4 ,! ,capta9 gives ! comm& ,,front4 ,illu/ration ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( platoons1 or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,platoons "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt2 or1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,be=e =m+ l9e ! capta9 sees t ! guides on ! flank t[>d :i* ! movem5t is to be execut$ are cov]+4 ,?is is effect$ by previ\sly ann\nc+ ! guide to t flank4 ,! two common errors are3 #a4 ,fir/1 ! pivot man takes a %ort /ep in/ead ( m>k+ "t4 ,second1 7be+ 9 l9e71 ! pivot m5 ( ! platoons =get t !y are ! pivots & !re=e d n execute ! comm& :5 ord]$4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s ! side view ( a platoon4 ,note ! common errors3 ,no4 #a re> rank is clos$ up to ab\t tw5ty in*es4 ,he is look+ d[n at ! heels ( 8 front rank file 7man74 ,rifles are improp]ly held4 ,"s m5 9 ! re> rank h m ?an =ty in*es di/ance f _! front rank m54 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads1 or ! rev]se2 or1 be+ 9 l9e ( platoons1 to =m column ( platoons1 or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,squads "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,squads "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,execut$ by ea* squad z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,illu/ration ,if ! company or platoons be =m$ 9 l9e t[>d ! side ( ! file clos]s !y d>t ?r\gh ! column & take po/s 9 re> ( ! company at ! second comm&4 ,if ! column ( squads be =m$ f l9e1 ! file clos]s take po/s on ! pivot flank1 abrea/ ( & #d in*es f ! ne>e/ flank4 ,be+ 9 column ( platoons1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,column "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! lead] ( ! lead+ platoon comm&s3 ,"r turn4 ,at ! comm& m>* ! lead+ platoon turns to ! "r on mov+ pivot2 its lead] comm&s3 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*1 on completion ( ! turn4 ,re> platoons m>* squ>ely up to ! turn+ po9t ( ! lead+ platoon & turn at ! comm& ( _! lead]s4 ,:5 ea* platoon has complet$ its turn1 ! lead] comm&s =w>d1 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to =m l9e ( platoons or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,platoons1 column "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads & !n *ange direction4 #a4 ,squads left 7"r71 column "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,! dott$ l9e %[s ! company 9 l9e be=e ! new movem5t is begun4 ,?is %[s ! movem5t half complet$4 ,! left squad initiates 7beg9s7 ,! column "r z soon z x has complet$ ! squad left4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m l9e ( platoons3 #a4 ,squads left 7"r71 platoons1 column left 7"r71 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,( ,,platoons ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,platoons1 "r 7left7 by squads1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,,fac+ ,,or ,,m>*+ ,,to ,,! ,,re> ,be+ 9 l9e1 l9e ( platoons1 or 9 column ( platoons or squads1 to face or m>* to ! re>3 #a4 ,squads "r 7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,squads "r 7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,execut$ by ea* squad z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,if ! company is 9 l9e ( platoons1 or 9 column ( squads1 ! file clos]s turn ab\t t[>d ! column1 & take _! po/s2 if 9 l9e1 ea* d>ts ?r\gh ! ne>e/ int]val betwe5 squads4 ,to m>* to ! re> = a few paces3 #a4 ,ab\t1 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,if 9 l9e1 ! guides place !mselves 9 ! re> rank1 n[ 9 front rank2 ! file clos]s1 on fac+ ab\t1 ma9ta9 _! relative positions4 ,no o!r movem5t is execut$ until ! l9e is fac$ to ! orig9al front4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads to =m column ( platoons1 or be+ 9 l9e ( platoons1 to =m ! company 9 l9e3 #a4 ,platoons1 "r 7left7 front into l9e1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,if =m+ column ( platoons1 platoon lead]s v]ify ! alignm5t be=e tak+ _! po/s2 ! capta9 comm&s front :5 ! alignm5ts h be5 v]ifi$4 ,:5 front into l9e is execut$ 9 d\ble "t ! comm&s = halt+ & align+ are omitt$ & ! guide is t[>d ! side ( ! fir/ unit 9 l9e4 ,,r\te ,,/ep ,,& ,,at ,,ease ,! column ( squads is ! habitual column ( r\te1 b r\te /ep & at ease are applicable to any m>*+ =mation4 ,to m>* at r\te /ep3 #a4 ,r\te /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,sab]s are c>ri$ at w or 9 ! scabb>d2 ! m5 c>ry _! pieces at w1 keep+ ! muzzles elevat$2 !y are n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce1 nor to keep ! /ep4 ,! ranks cov] & pres]ve _! di/ance4 ,if halt$ f r\te /ep1 ! m5 /& at re/4 ,to m>* at ease3 #a4 ,at ease1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! company m>*es z 9 r\te /ep1 except t sil5ce is pres]v$ :5 hat$1 ! m5 rema9 at ease4 ,m>*+ at r\te /ep or at ease3 #a4 ,company1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,at ! comm& att5tion ! pieces are br\ght to ! "r %\ld] & ! cad5c$ /ep 9 quick "t is resum$4 ,,rules ,,= ,,guides ,a guide is a noncommission$ (fic] or a private ^u :om ! company regulates its m>*4 ,x is n difficult = an inexp]i5c$ man le>n1 ) a little practice1 ! duties & ! correct positions ( a guide4 ,rememb] ! rule ( ?umb1 ,! guide & ! file clos]s are on ! opposite flanks :5 ! company is 9 column ( squads4 ,9 squads "r ab\t x w\ld be ridicul\s = ! file clos]s to move f "o flank to ano!r4 ,guides are p]mitt$ & suppos$ look ar\nd to see if !y are 9 _! prop] places2 mo/ new m5 are timid ab\t ?is4 ,! foll[+ g5]al rules & examples w help y3 ,! guide ( a company or platoon 9 l9e is "r1 unless o!rwise ann\nc$4 ,! guide ( a company or platoon 9 column ( squads is t[>d ! side ( ! guide1 :o places himself on ! side ( ! company away f ! file clos]s4 ,! guide ( a deploy$ l9e 7a skirmi% l9e7 is always c5t] unless o!rwise ann\nc$4 ,,examples ,suppose ! company to be 9 l9e4 ,9 execut+3 #a4 ,squads "r4 ,! guides g to ! left flank4 #b4 ,"r by squads4 ,! guides g to ! left flank4 #c4 ,squads left4 ,! guides g to ! "r flank4 #d4 ,left by squads4 ,! guides g to ! "r flank4 ,if ! company is 9 column ( squads & ! comm& is ei!r squads "r or left ab\t1 ! guides simply rememb] to rema9 on ! flank opposite f ! file clos]s4 ,x is v easy to see t a _w ( confusion w\ld be caus$ by ! file clos]s attempt+ to move to ! opposite flank dur+ squads "r or left ab\t4 ,if ! guides are 9 d\bt look to see :]e ! file clos]s are & !n apply ! rule ( ?umb3 ,file clos]s & guides are always on opposite flanks4 ,,to ,,dim9i% ,,! ,,front ,,( ,a ,,column ,,( ,,squads ,be+ 9 column ( squads3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by twos1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>* all files except ! two "r files on ! lead+ squad execute 9 ,place ,halt2 ! two left files ( ! lead+ squads oblique to ! "r :5 dis5gag$ & foll[ ! "r files at ! %orte/ practicable di/ance4 ,! rema9+ squads foll[ successively 9 l mann]4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads or twos3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by file1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 all files execute ,9 ,place ,halt1 except ! "r file ( ! lead+ two or squad4 ,! left file or files ( ! lead+ two or squad oblique successively to ! "r :5 dis5gag$ & ea* foll[s ! file on its "r at ! %orte/ practicable di/ance4 ,! rema9+ twos or squads foll[ successively 9 l mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"r ,,by ,,twos ,be+ 9 column ( files or twos1 to =m column ( squads2 or1 be+ 9 column ( files1 to =m column ( twos3 #a4 ,squads 7twos71 "r 7left7 front into l9e1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! lead+ file or files halt & come to ord] arms4 ,! rema9d] ( ! squad1 or twos1 obliques to ! "r & halts on l9e ) ! lead+ file or files4 ,! rema9+ squads or twos close up & successively =m 9 re> ( ! fir/ 9 l mann]4 ,! movem5t describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph w be ord]$ "r or left1 s z to re/ore ! files to _! normal relative positions 9 column ( twos or 9 column ( squads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"r ,,by ,,file ,! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 ! ?ree prec$+ p>agraphs are difficult ( execution at att5tion & h no value z discipl9>y ex]cises4 ,illu/ration3 ,execut+ twos left front into l9e4 ,execut+ squads left front into l9e4 ,m>*+ by twos or files c n be execut$ )\t s]i\s delay & wa/e ( road space4 ,e reasonable precaution w be tak5 to obviate ! necessity = ^! =mations4 ,! rema9d] ( *apt] on close ord] drill1 ,s*ool ( ! ,company1 is 9 g5]al = ^? above ! grade ( private1 !re=e1 unless we are p]fectly cle> 9 :at we h _h s f>1 let u n g too deeply into ^! special features until we h m exp]i5ce4 ,! capta9 is responsible = ! !oretical & practical in/ruction ( 8 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s1 n only 9 ! duties ( _! respective grades1 b 9 ^? ( ! next high] grades4 ,if ! left squad conta9s less ?an six m51 x is ei!r increas$ to t numb] by transf]s f o!r squads or is brok5 up & its memb]s assign$ to o!r squads & po/$ 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,^! squad organizations are ma9ta9$1 by transf]s if necess>y1 until ! company becomes s r$uc$ 9 numb]s z to necessitate a new division into squads4 ,no squad w conta9 less ?an six m54 ,! company is fur!r divid$ into two1 ?ree1 or f\r platoons1 ea* consi/+ ( n less ?an two nor m ?an f\r squads4 ,9 g>rison or c]emonies ! /r5g? ( platoons may exce$ f\r squads4 ,platoons are assign$ to ! lieut5ants & noncom-mission$ (fic]s1 9 ord] ( rank1 z foll[s3 #a1 "r2 #b1 left2 #c1 c5t] 7"r c5t]72 #d1 left c5t]4 ,! noncommission$ (fic]s next 9 rank are assign$ z guides1 "o to ea* platoon4 ,if s]geants /ill rema91 !y are assign$ to platoons z additional guides4 ,:5 ! platoon is deploy$1 its guide1 or guides1 accompany ! platoon lead]4 ,! fir/ s]geant is nev] assign$ z a guide4 ,:5 n comm&+ a platoon1 he is po/$ z a file clos] opposite ! ?ird file f ! out] flank ( ! fir/ platoon2 & :5 ! company is deploy$ he accompanies ! capta94 ,musicians1 :5 requir$ to play1 are at ! head ( ! column4 ,:5 ! company is deploy$1 !y accompany ! capta94 ,guides & enli/$ m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s execute ! manual ( arms dur+ ! drill unless especially excus$1 :5 !y rema9 at ! ord]4 ,dur+ c]emonies !y execute all movem5ts4 ,9 tak+ int]vals & di/ances1 unless o!rwise direct$1 ! "r & left guides1 at ! fir/ comm&1 place !mselves 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 &1 ) !m1 take a di/ance ( #d paces f ! re> rank4 ,9 tak+ int]vals1 at ! comm& m>*1 ! file clos]s face to ! flank & ea* /eps (f ) ! file ne>e/ him4 ,9 assembl+ ! guides & file clos]s resume _! positions 9 l9e4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt1 ! capta9 directs ! fir/ s]geant1 dismiss ! company4 ,! (fic]s fall out2 ! fir/ s]geant places himself fac$ to ! front1 #c paces to ! front & #b paces f ! ne>e/ flank ( ! company1 salutes1 faces t[>d opposite flank ( ! company1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,port1 #d4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,,dismiss$4 ,! alignm5ts are execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 ! guide be+ e/abli%$ in/ead ( ! flank file4 ,! re>-rank man ( ! flank file keeps 8 head & eyes to ! front & cov]s 8 file lead]4 ,at ea* alignm5t ! capta9 places himself 9 prolongation ( ! l9e1 #b paces f & fac+ ! flank t[>d :i* ! dress is made1 v]ifies ! alignm5t1 & comm&s3 ,,front4 ,platoon lead]s take a l position :5 requir$ to v]ify alignm5ts4 ,,ext5d$ ,,ord] ,,drills ,z soon z y\r progress 9 close ord] is suffici5tly advanc$1 y w be giv5 ext5d$ ord] drill1 :i* w tea* y ! =mations us$ 9 battle1 & h[ a fir+ l9e is controll$4 ,!y are execut$ at ease4 ,we %\ld "k ! mean+ ( ! two foll[+ t]ms3 ,base & ,deploy4 ,base4 ,! elem5t on :i* a movem5t is regulat$4 ,9 company drill x is usually ! "r or left2 lead+1 re>1 or c5t] squad4 ,deploy4 ,to ext5d ! front4 ,! company deploys :5 x executes z skirmi%]s4 ,!re are really only two conditions t we mu/ consid] 9 ?is drill4 ,! movem5ts are v easy to ,illu/ration und]/&1 b !y require a lot ( practice to prev5t confusion4 ,fir/ ,case4 ,let u take ! company 9 l9e at a halt4 ,x is desir$ to =m a skirmi% l9e to ! front4 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1 guide "r 7left or c5t]71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& 7i4e41 z skirmi%]s1 guide "r7 all ! corporals1 except ! corporal ( ! fir/ squad1 give ! comm&1 by ! left flank1 ! corporal ( ! fir/ squad gives ! comm&1 z skirmi%]s4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 all squads1 except ! fir/ squad1 move to ! left1 & :5 !y h _! prop] int]vals !y are deploy$ to ! "r 7left7 & on ! l9e ( ! base squad by ! corporals giv+ ! comm&s3 ,z skirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! corporal ( ! fir/ squad deploys 8 squad z soon z he has suffici5t room 7int]val74 ,t's all !re is to ! fir/ movem5t ) "s slight modifications4 ,( c\rse if ! comm& _h be5 z skirmi%]s1 guide left1 ! base squad w\ld h be5 ! left or f\rte5? ,squad in/ead ( ! fir/ squad1 = :5 we speak ( ! "r or left ( a company1 9 ! deploym5ts1 ! company be+ 9 l9e1 we mean ! "r or left squads ( ! company4 ,ano!r modification3 ,suppose ! comm& _h be5 z skirmi%]s1 guide c5t]4 ,9 t case ! base squad w\ld be ! c5t] or sev5? squad4 ,! base 7sev5?7 squad deploys )\t mov+ to ! "r or left4 ,!re is only "o ?+ = ! fir/ six squads to d & t is to move to ! "r4 ,!re is only "o ?+ = ! la/ sev5 squads to d & t to move to ! left4 ,we h consid]$ ! company s f> to be at a halt2 suppose t x _h be5 mov+ =w>d4 ,! corporal ( ! base squad deploys 8 squad z soon z he has suffici5t int]val1 & !n cont9ues /raight to ! front until ! comm&3 #a4 ,company1 #b4 ,,halt1 is giv5 by ! capta94 ,! o!r corporals move _! squads to ! left front 7or "r front71 by comm&+ _! squads1 ,foll[ me4 ,!y conduct _! squads on ! %orte/ & easie/ r\te to _! places 9 ! l9e & !n deploy _! squads z !y arrive 9 ! g5]al l9e4 ,illu/ration ,! corporals %\ld rememb] t !y are n to /ep out f _! squads to conduct !m to _! prop] places until ! capta9 has giv5 ! comm& m>*4 ,! corporals (t5 fail to take suffici5t int]vals ?us caus+ a jam4 ,! company be+ at a halt1 ! corporals %\ld rememb] to give by ! "r or left flank in/ead ( "r or left face4 ,,second ,,case ,n[ suppose ! company is 9 column ( squads at a halt4 ,x is desir$ to =m a skirmi% l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1 guide "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! corporal ( ! fir/1 or lead+ squad1 deploys 8 squad )\t advanc+4 ,all ( ! o!r corporals move to ! left front & deploy _! squads on ! l9e =m$ by ! fir/ squad4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& ! corporals comm&1 foll[ me1 & at ! comm& ,,m>*1 !y /ep 9 front ( _! squads & conduct !m to _! places4 ,_h ! comm& be5 z skirmi%]s1 guide left1 ( c\rse all except ! lead+ squad w\ld h mov$ to ! "r4 ,= :5 ! company is 9 column ( squads1 z skirmi%]s1 guide "r means t ! fir/ or lead+ squad is to be ! "r ( ! skirmi% l9e4 ,if left1 in/ead ( "r is giv5 t simply means t ! lead+ or base squad is to be ! left ( ! skirmi% l9e4 ,n[ we come to ! la/ v>iation4 ,x is difficult = ! new man4 ,! comm& z skirmi%]s1 guide c5t]1 ! company be+ 9 column ( squads1 simply means t ! c5t] squad is to be ! base squad4 ,all o!r squads are to regulate _! movem5ts on ! base squad z 9 all o!r cases4 ,?is is a peculi> case & = x ! au?orities h adopt$ a rule ( ?umb4 ,all squads 9 front ( ! base squad g to ! "r1 ^? 9 re> to ! left4 ,t's all !re is to x4 ,b t mu/ be rememb]$4 ,corporals w conduct _! squads to _! prop] places by ! %orte/ & easie/ r\tes4 ,we w use a platoon ( f\r squads to illu/rate ! idea4 ,illu/ration ,note t ! lead+ corporal turns 8 squad well to ! "r re> & !n to ! left4 ,we h assum$ ! company to be at a halt2 suppose x is mov+ =w>d4 ,9 t case ! base squad simply cont9ues mov+ =w>d aft] x has deploy$ until ! capta9 gives ! comm& halt4 ,! o!r corporals conduct _! squads by ! %orte/ r\tes to _! prop] places & deploy !m on ! g5]al l9e4 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! company1 :ile mov+1 is deploy$1 x is a common error = squads 9 re> ( ! base squad to take long & fa/ /eps & come up on ! l9e ( ! base squad4 ,?is %\ld n be done unless ! comm& d\ble "t is giv54 ,9 :i* case all ! squads take up ! d\ble "t1 except ! base squad4 ,ext5d$ ,ord] ,,rules ,,= ,,deploym5ts ,! comm& guide "r 7left or c5t]7 indicates ! base squad = ! deploym5t2 if 9 l9e x designates ! actual "r 7left or c5t]7 squad2 if 9 column ! comm& guide "r 7left7 designates ! lead+ squad1 & ! comm& guide c5t] designates ! c5t] squad4 ,aft] ! deploym5t is complet$1 ! guide is always c5t] )\t comm&1 unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& = =m+ skirmi% l9e1 f ei!r column ( squads or l9e1 ea* squad lead] 7except ! lead] ( ! base squad1 :5 8 squad does n advance7 cautions 8 squad1 foll[ me or by ! "r 7left7 flank1 z ! case may be2 at ! comm& m>*1 he /eps 9 front ( 8 squad & leads x to its place 9 l9e4 ,hav+ giv5 ! comm& = =m+ skirmi% l9e1 ! capta91 if necess>y1 indicates to ! corporal ( ! base squad ! po9t on :i* ! squad is to m>*2 ! corporal habitually looks to ! capta9 = su* directions4 ,! base squad is deploy$ z soon z x has suffici5t int]val4 ,! o!r squads are deploy$ z !y arrive on ! g5]al l9e2 ea* corporal halts 9 8 place 9 l9e & comm&s or signals1 z skirmi%]s m>*2 ! squad deploys & halts abrea/ ( him4 ,if tactical consid]ations dem& x1 ! squad is deploy$ be=e arriv+ on ! l9e4 ,deploy$ l9es pres]ve a g5]al alignm5t t[>d ! guide4 ,)9 _! respective fronts1 individuals or units m>* s z be/ to secure or to facilitate ! advance b ! g5]al & ord]ly progress ( ! :ole is p>am\nt4 ,on halt+1 a deploy$ l9e faces to ! front 7direction ( ! enemy7 9 all cases & takes advantage ( cov]1 ! m5 ly+ d[n if necess>y4 ,! company 9 l9e or column ( squads may be deploy$ 9 an oblique direction by ! same comm&s4 ,! capta9 po9ts out ! desir$ direction2 ! corporal ( ! base squad moves 9 ! direction indicat$2 ! o!r corporals con=m4 ,to =m skirmi% l9e to ! flank or re> ! l9e or ! column ( squads is turn$ by squads to ! flank or re> & !n deploy$ z describ$4 ,! int]vals betwe5 m5 are increas$ or decreas$ z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 add+ to ! prep>atory comm&1 guide "r 7left or c5t]71 if necess>y4 ,,! ,,assembly ,! capta9 takes 8 po/ 9 front (1 or designates1 ! elem5t on :i* ! company is to assemble & comm&s3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if 9 skirmi% l9e ! m5 move promptly t[>d ! designat$ po9t & ! company is re-=m$ 9 l9e4 ,if assembl$ by platoons1 ^! are conduct$ to ! designat$ po9t by platoon lead]s1 & ! company is re=m$ 9 l9e4 ,platoons may be assembl$ by ! comm&3 #a4 ,platoons1 assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,"o or m platoons may be assembl$ by ! comm&3 #a4 ,su* platoon7s71 assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ! designat$ platoon or platoons z describ$ = ! company4 ,:]ev] x is necess>y 9 campaign to deploy troops !re is (t5 s mu* noise & confusion t x is impossible = ! (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s to make !mselves he>d4 ,signals mu/ be us$ in/ead ( v]bal comm&s4 ,,:i/le ,,signals ,!re are only two k9ds ( :i/le signals2 a %ort la/ & a long bla/4 ,a %ort bla/ means pay att5tion1 or look out = a signal or comm&4 ,a long bla/ means /op fir+ = a m9ute 7susp5d fir+74 ,,! ,,advance ,! advance ( a company into an engagem5t :e!r = attack or def5se7 is conduct$ 9 close ord]1 pref]ably column ( squads1 until ! probability ( enc\nt]+ ho/ile fire makes x advisable to deploy4 ,aft] deploym5t1 & be=e op5+ fire1 ! advance ( ! company may be cont9u$ 9 skirmi% l9e or o!r suitable =mations1 dep5d+ ^u circum/ances4 ,! advance may (t5 be facilitat$1 or bett] advantage tak5 ( cov]1 or losses r$uc$ by ! employm5t ( ! platoon or squad columns or by ! use ( a succession ( ?9 l9es4 ,! selection ( ! me?od to be us$ is made by ! capta9 or major1 ! *oice dep5d+ ^u conditions aris+ dur+ ! progress ( ! advance4 ,if ! deploym5t is f\nd to be premature1 x w g5]ally be be/ to assemble ! company & proce$ 9 close ord]4 ,patrols are us$ to provide ! necess>y security aga9/ surprise4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,platoon columns1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%[+ ,,h[ ,,platoon ,,columns ,,are ,,=m$ ,! platoon lead]s move =w>d ?r\gh ! c5t] ( _! respective platoons3 m5 to ! "r ( ! platoon lead] m>* to ! left & foll[ him 9 file2 ^? to ! left m>* 9 l mann] to ! "r2 ea* platoon lead] ?us conducts ! m>* ( 8 platoon 9 d\ble column ( files2 platoon guides foll[ 9 ! ,illu/ration3 ,,squad ,,column re> ( _! respective platoons to insure prompt & ord]ly execution ( ! advance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squad ,,columns ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,squad columns1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,see prec$+ page4 ,ea* squad lead] moves to ! front2 ! memb]s ( ea* squad oblique t[>d & foll[ _! squad lead] 9 s+le file at easy m>*+ di/ances4 ,platoon columns are pr(itably us$ :]e ! gr\nd is s difficult or cov] is s limit$ z to make x desirable to take advantage ( ! few favorable r\tes2 no two platoons %\ld m>* )9 ! area ( bur/ ( a s+le %rapnel 7ord9>ily ab\t #bj y>ds wide74 ,squad columns are ( value pr9cipally 9 facilitat+ ! advance ov] r\gh or bru%-gr[n gr\nd2 !y af=d no mat]ial advantage 9 secur+ cov]4 ,to deploy platoon or squad columns3 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,skirmi%]s move to ! "r or left front & successively place !mselves 9 _! orig9al positions on ! l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,platoon ,,columns ,be+ 9 platoon or squad columns3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! platoon or squad lead]s signal assemble4 ,! m5 ( ea* platoon or squad1 z ! case may be1 advance &1 mov+ to ! "r & left1 take _! prop] places 9 l9e1 ea* unit assembl+ on ! lead+ elem5t ( ! column & re=m+ 9 l9e4 ,! platoon or squad lead]s conduct _! units t[>d ! elem5t or po9t indicat$ by ! capta91 & to _! places 9 l9e2 ! company is re=m$ 9 l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,assembl$ on ! fir/ or "r squad4 ,illu/ration ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e1 to advance by a succession ( ?9 l9es3 #a4 7,su* numb]s71 =w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! capta9 po9ts out 9 advance ! select$ position 9 front ( ! l9e occupi$4 ,! designat$ numb] ( ea* squad moves to ! front2 ! l9e ?us =m$ pres]ves ! orig9al int]vals z ne>ly z practicable2 :5 ?is l9e has advanc$ a suitable di/ance 7g5]ally f #ajj to #bej y>ds1 dep5d+ ^u ! t]ra9 & ! "* ( ! ho/ile fire71 a second is s5t =w>d by simil> comm&s1 & s on at irregul> di/ances until ! :ole l9e has advanc$4 ,^u arriv+ at ! indicat$ position1 ! fir/ l9e is halt$4 ,successive l9es1 ^u arriv+1 halt on l9e ) ! fir/ & ! m5 take _! prop] places 9 ! skirmi% l9e4 ,! fir/ l9e is l$ by ! platoon lead] ( ! "r platoon1 ! second by ! guide ( ! "r platoon1 & s on 9 ord] f "r to left1 by ! (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s 9 ! file clos]s4 ,! advance is conduct$ 9 quick "t unless conditions dem& a fa/] gait4 ,! company hav+ arriv$ at ! indicat$ position1 a fur!r advance by ! same means may be advisable4 ,! advance 9 a succession ( ?9 l9es is us$ to cross a wide /ret* swept1 or likely to be swept1 by artill]y fire or heavy1 long-range rifle fire :i* _c pr(itably be return$4 ,its purpose is ! build+ up a /rong skirmi% l9e prep>atory to engag+ 9 a fire fight4 ,?is me?od ( advanc+ results 9 s]i\s 7?\gh tempor>y7 loss ( control ov] ! company4 ,its advantage lies 9 ! fact t x (f]s a less def9ite t>get1 h5ce is less likely to draw fire4 ,! above are sugge/ions4 ,o!r & bett] =mations may be devis$ to fit p>ticul> cases4 ,! be/ =mation is ! "o :i* advances ! l9e f>!/ ) ! lea/ loss ( m51 "t1 & control4 ,,field ,,ex]cises ,^! ex]cises1 z well z combat ex]cises1 are = in/ruction 9 duties incid5t to campaign4 ,to receive ! maximum b5efit f !m y mu/ "k ! assum$ situation ( ea* ex]cise4 ,,! ,,fire ,,attack ,! pr9ciples gov]n+ ! advance ( ! fir+ l9e 9 attack are consid]$ 9 ! *apt]s on ,attack & ,def5se4 ,:5 x becomes impracticable = ! company to advance z a :ole by ord9>y means1 x advances by ru%es4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,by platoon 7two platoons1 squad1 f\r m51 etc47 f ! "r 7left71 #b4 ,,ru%4 ,! platoon lead] on ! indicat$ flank c>efully arranges ! details = a prompt & vigor\s execution ( ! ru% & puts x into effect z soon z practicable4 ,if necess>y1 he designates ! lead] = ! indicat$ fraction4 ,:5 ab\t to ru%1 he causes ! m5 ( ! fraction to cease fir+ & to hold !mselves flat1 b 9 read9ess to spr+ =w>d in/antly4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% 7at ! signal ( ! platoon lead]1 if ! latt] be n ! lead] ( ! ru%7 comm&s3 ,foll[ me1 & runn+ at top spe$1 leads ! fraction to ! new l9e1 :]e he halts x & causes x to op5 fire4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% selects ! new l9e if x has n be5 previ\sly designat$4 ,! fir/ fraction hav+ e/abli%$ itself on ! new l9e1 ! next l fraction is s5t =w>d by its platoon lead]1 )\t fur!r comm& ( ! capta91 & s on1 successively1 until ! entire company is on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! fir/ ru%4 ,if two or m platoons are ord]$ to ru%1 ! s5ior platoon lead] takes *>ge ( !m1 & ! junior 7or juniors7 c>ries out ! wi%es ( ! s5ior4 ,a "p ( ! l9e hav+ advanc$1 ! capta9 may increase or decrease ! size ( ! fractions to complete ! movem5t4 ,:5 ! company =ms a "p ( ! fir+ l9e1 ! ru% ( ! company z a :ole is conduct$ by ! capta91 z describ$ = a platoon 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,! capta9 leads ! ru%2 platoon lead]s lead _! respective platoons1 platoon guides foll[ ! l9e to insure prompt & ord]ly execution ( ! advance4 ,:5 ! =ego+ me?od ( ru%+1 by runn+1 becomes impracticable1 any me?od ( advance t br+s ! attack clos] to ! enemy1 su* z crawl+1 %\ld be employ$4 ,quibbl+ ov] m9or details %[s a failure to grasp ! big ideas4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fire ,,sup]iority ,d n /udy ?is *apt] until y beg9 y\r ext5d$ ord] drills4 ,if ! au?ors ( ?is text 7 reque/$ to select = y ! mo/ important ( all in=mation t y w receive dur+ y\r in/ruction at a tra9+ camp1 !y w\ld advise y to take home t conta9$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,if y h le>n$ fully s mu* y w h done well4 ,if y h fail$ to compreh5d z mu* z ?is1 y w h return$ to y\r homes lack+ 9 important k4 ,if y are on ! battle-field & propose to cru% ! o!r side 7defeat ! enemy71 y h got to d "o ?+3 y h got to make y\r rifle fire bett] ?an 81 & y h got to keep x bett]4 ,! proposition is ?is3 ,! enemy is on ! def5se4 ,he is 9 a numb]-"o1 fir/-class tr5*4 ,x is con/ruct$ ) /eel1 concrete1 & s&bags4 ,x has all ! improvem5ts t sci5ce c devise4 ,y\r bus9ess is to attack & cru% ! enemy4 ,h[ c y advance ov] expos$ gr\nd aga9/ su* a position8 ,! man beh9d all ^? mod]n improvem5ts has got to /ick 8 head up m or less :5 he fires4 ,if ! volume & rate & accuracy ( y\r fire is great] ?an 81 he w gr[ timid ab\t ! matt]4 ,8 fire w become less effective4 ,t is to say1 he _c h fire sup]iority4 ,:5 y\r side has fire sup]iority1 x n only c advance ^u su* a position b x c d s )\t ru9\s losses1 & ) hope ( success4 ,to obta9 ?is fire sup]iority x is necess>y to produce a heavi] volume ( accurate fire ?an y\r oppon5t c produce4 ,we c get a prop] conception ( ! ideas involv$ by imag9+ two firem5 9 a fight arm$ ) hose4 ,"o has a l>g] hose & a great] wat] pressure ?an ! o!r4 ,all else be+ equal1 we c =esee cle>ly :o w be ! victor & :o w be defeat$4 ,! m wat] "o ?r[s into ! o!r's face1 ! less accurate & effective w ! o!r's aim become4 ,?is is equally true ) bullets4 ,put a man on ! t>get range1 :]e no dang] :atsoev] is involv$1 & he may fire ) a nice degree ( accuracy4 ,put him on ! battle-field ) a great numb] ( bullets :izz+ ar\nd 8 head1 & he mu/ be a tra9$ vet]an to fire ) ! same accuracy4 ,?is is true simply because we h be5 made t way4 ,! volume & accuracy ( fire dep5d ^u sev]al consid]ations3 7a7 ,( prim>y importance is ! numb] ( rifles employ$4 ,let u imag9e a battle-l9e "o mile long4 ,x is obvi\s t we _c h "o man fir+ beh9d ano!r4 ,we don't want to de/roy our own m54 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 be plac$ side by side4 ,ea* man mu/ h suffici5t room to op]ate 8 rifle4 ,exp]i5ce tells u t we mu/ n h m ?an "o man p] y>d4 ,we ?us see t our battle-l9e ( a mile c only h ab\t eighte5 hundr$ rifles4 7b7 ,! rate ( fire affects its volume2 an excessive rate r$uces its accuracy4 ,if y 7 hunt+ tig]s1 y c easily imag9e :]e "o well-aim$ & well-tim$ %ot c\ld be ( m use to y & m h>m to ! tig] ?an half a doz5 %ots fir$ too rapidly4 7c7 ,if ! t>get is l>ge1 is cle> 7c be easily se571 & is b a %ort di/ance f y1 y\r fire1 = reasons t d n require explanations1 c be m rapid4 ,great] d5sity increases ! effect4 ,suppose a hundr$ de] 7 graz+ on a hill2 y w\ld be m likely to kill "s de] ?an if only a half doz5 7 !re4 7d7 ,! position ( ! t>get influ5ces ! effect ( fire4 ,suppose t t5 m5 7 l9$ up 9 a r[ aga9/ a wall & t x is y\r bus9ess to kill ! lot ) a rifle4 ,if y are 9 front ( !m1 t5 %ots at lea/ w be requir$4 ,b x is possible = y to take a position 9 prolongation ( ! l9e 7on its flank7 & kill ! entire numb] ) "o bullet4 7,?is also illu/rates ! extreme vuln]ability ( flanks47 ,:at are ! important /eps t mu/ be tak5 if y are go+ to get ?is fire sup]iority8 #a/1 ,fire ,direction4 #b;d1 ,fire ,control4 #c;d1 ,fire ,discipl9e4 ,,fire ,,direction ,a company t _c />t fir+ or /op fir+1 t _c fire fa/] or sl[]1 t _c di/ribute equally its fire ov] an oppos+ t>get1 t _c swit* its fire f "o place to ano!r & make bull's-eyes1 w\ld be z unsuccessful 9 battle to-day z ,h>v>d's football team w\ld be1 )\t practice1 9 its f9al game ) ,yale4 ,! team "w 9 no dep>tm5t ( a?letics is z necess>y or vital z t ( a milit>y =ce1 ! teamwork ( a milit>y ma*9e4 ,! fir/ is a sport1 a limit$ "t be+ involv$4 ,! second is a "q ( life & dea? to ! nation4 ,x requires a nice & cool judgm5t1 "u actual conditions ( w>1 to po9t out & di/ribute prop]ly ! t>get to ! diff]5t gr\ps1 to f9d ! exact range1 & give all ^! in/ructions 7directions7 t w be necess>y to produce an effective fire ^u ! enemy4 ,:o is responsible = giv+ ^! in/ructions 7fire direction71 & exactly :at are all ! conditions t mu/ be fulfill$ 9 ord] t ea* individual on ! fir+ l9e may "k exactly :]e & h[ to fire8 ,! capta9 7company comm&]7 is responsible = all4 ,9 ! milit>y _w !re is no su* ?+ z %ift+ responsibilities4 ,! comm&] assumes full responsibility1 :e!r ?+s g "r or wrong4 ,he mu/ h&le 8 job ?r\gh 8 subord9ates 7platoon lead]s74 #a/1 ,he po9ts out ! t>get to 8 platoon lead]s4 #b;d1 ,he assigns a "p ( ! t>get to ea* platoon1 9 su* a mann] t ! entire t>get 7objective7 w be cov]$ 7fir$ ^u74 #c;d1 ,he det]m9es & gives ! m5 ! di/ance to ! objective 7range74 #d?1 ,he indicates ! k9d ( fire to be employ$ 7t is1 :e!r ea* man w fire z he pleases1 fire five %ots & !n /op1 et cet]a74 #e?1 ,he indicates :5 ! company is to comm5ce fir+4 #f?1 ,!reaft] ! capta9 obs]ves :at effect 8 company's fire is produc+1 & corrects flagrant 7mat]ial7 errors4 ,he prev5ts ! exhau/ion ( 8 ammunition & di/ributes su* extra ammunition z may be receiv$ f ! re>4 ,,fire ,,control ,we h j describ$ :at ! capta9 directs4 ,n[ we mu/ put 8 directions 7ord]s7 into effect4 ,?is is done ?r\gh 8 platoon lead]s1 assi/$ by ! platoon guides & ! corporals4 #a/1 ,! platoon lead]s po9t out & describe _! "p ( ! objective 7t>get7 to ! corporals4 #b;d1 ,!y assign a p>ticul> "p ( ! objective to ea* corporal ) ! view ( cov]+ equally ) ! fire ! entire objective4 #c;d1 ,!y ann\nce ! range 7di/ance to ! objective7 to _! platoons4 #d?1 ,if any "p ( ! l9e _c see ! objective1 ! platoon lead]s mu/ make ! *anges s t x c see1 or s t its fire w be effective4 #e?1 ,!y ord] _! platoons to op5 fire at ! prop] "t4 ,!reaft] !y obs]ve ! t>get & make any necess>y *anges to keep ! fire effective1 i4e41 fire fa/ or sl[1 accord+ to ! necessity1 & are on ! al]t = any comm&s or signals f ! capta94 ,! platoon guides d "o ?+ only3 !y wat* ! fir+ l9e & *eck e brea* ( fire discipl9e4 7,see ,fire ,discipl9e1 bel[47 ,! corporals h f\r di/9ct duties4 #a/1 ,!y transmit ! comm&s & signals to _! squads :5 necess>y4 #b;d1 ,!y obs]ve ! conduct ( _! squads & abate excitem5t4 #c;d1 ,!y d all 9 _! p[] to en=ce discipl9e4 #d?1 ,!y p>ticipate 9 ! fir+4 ,,fire ,,discipl9e ,n[ we come to ! individual private on ! fir+ l9e4 ,all ( ! above measures = effici5cy w come to b little unless ! man ) ! gun c und]/& & d :at he is direct$ to d4 ,?is tra9+ is call$ ,fire ,discipl9e4 ,fire ,discipl9e implies1 besides a habit ( ob$i5ce1 a control ( ! rifle by ! soldi] 7! result ( tra9+71 :i* w enable him 9 action to make hits in/ead ( misses4 ,x embraces3 #a/1 ,tak+ advantage ( ! gr\nd4 #b;d1 ,c>e 9 sett+ ! sight & deliv]y ( fire4 #c;d1 ,con/ant att5tion to ! ord]s ( ! lead]s1 & c>eful obs]vation ( ! enemy4 #d?1 ,an increase ( fire :5 ! t>get is favorable1 & a cessation ( fire :5 ! enemy disappe>s4 #e?1 ,economy ( ammunition4 ,summ>y ,fire ,direction is ! issuance ( in/ructions reg>d+ ! fir+4 ,fire ,control is ! explanation ( ^! in/ructions ?r\gh ! platoon lead]s4 ,fire ,discipl9e is ! quality :i* enables ! soldi] to submit to control & fire effici5tly "u all conditions4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,s]vice ,,( ,,security ,security has ! same mean+ 9 ! milit>y _w z else:]e4 ,we prop]ly ?9k ( ! security ( our p]sons1 our prop]ty1 our families 9 connection ) ! t]m4 ,9 ! milit>y _w ! family1 or community1 be+ s mu* l>g]1 ! ^w security acquires additional dignity4 ,a husb& & fa!r provides = ! protection ( 8 family :e!r at home or abroad4 ,s does ! milit>y comm&] = 8 comm&1 :e!r x is an army or a squad2 :e!r x is 9 camp1 on ! m>*1 9 battle1 advanc+ ^u or retreat+ f ! enemy4 ,! end desir$ is ! same 9 all cases4 ,a /udy ( all ! measures adopt$ by ! successful g5]als 9 hi/ory %[s t ! means are n v diff]5t4 ,a body ( troops 9 camp is protect$ 7made secure7 by ! use ( gr\ps plac$ betwe5 ! enemy & ! camp4 ,we 7 told by a bee exp]t 9 ,arizona t a limit$ numb] ( bees rema9$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hive4 ,!y 7 quick to obs]ve & resi/ 7! two great duties ( an outpo/7 any intrud]4 ,suppose t y are 9 a "p ( ! jungles ( ,borneo :]e wild ,mohamm$an tribes /ill exi/1 t y h _h a /r5u\s day's m>*1 & x is "t = y to halt & camp = ! night4 ,if y are a ?\ghtful & exp]i5c$ hunt] y w pit* y\r camp :]e its protection w be lea/ difficult4 ,a few wild m5 may sev]ely puni% y = a lack ( judgm5t 9 ! matt]4 ,!y may probably spr+ f a weak & unexpect$ qu>t] :5 ! occasion is lea/ favorable = y4 ,& unless ! memb]s ( y\r camp "k t y h ex]cis$ wise discretion1 & t !re are prop] measures = _! security1 !y w be unable to obta9 ! ne$$ repose = ! foll[+ day's "w4 ,f ?is we c see ! important bus9ess 7function7 ( an outpo/4 ,z a fa!r w\ld int]pose himself betwe5 8 wife & *ildr5 & an attack+ bulldog1 s w\ld a milit>y comm&] provide a simil> protection = 8 camp4 ,we see f ?is "o ( ! big duties ( an outpo/ comm&]1 i4e41 especial att5tion %\ld be devot$ to ! direction f :i* ! enemy 7bulldog7 is com+ or is ?\ght to be com+1 & a probably less degree ( att5tion to o!r po9ts4 ,consid] y\rself a memb] ( ,g5]al ,%]man's army dur+ its m>* f ! ,nor? on ,atlanta4 ,y are to camp = ! night on a v op5 piece ( gr\nd4 ,y d n "k :]e ! enemy is1 b y believe t he is some:]e s\? ( y4 ,! troops are tir$4 ,!y h _h a long1 h>d m>*4 ,let u suppose x is y\r duty to provide ! security ( ! ma9 body = ! night4 ,g5]al ,%]man has giv5 y a c]ta9 numb] ( m5 = ?is purpose4 ,j h[ w\ld y g ab\t x8 ,reg>dless ( o!r consid]ations1 x is imp]ative t y\r own ma9 =ce be n surpris$ or caught (f gu>d by any cont+5cy1 h[ev] exceptional4 ,to secure ?is immunity1 x is necess>y to s5d m5 or gr\ps ( m5 9 ! direction ( ! probable advance ( ! enemy1 anti to arrange ^! m5 or gr\ps ( m5 s t !y c be ( assi/ance to ea* o!r4 ,?is we call =m+ an outpo/4 ,x may be possible to h a l9e ( protection ext5d+ ar\nd ! entire camp4 ,x mu/ be ext5d$ & arrang$ s z to keep ! enemy s f> away f our ma9 body t he _c obs]ve our numb]s or our position4 ,! enemy mu/ n be p]mitt$ to approa* close en\gh to ! ma9 body to annoy or surprise x4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t all ( ?is is be/ accompli%$ by plac+3 #a/1 "s gr\ps or l9e ( gr\ps f>!/ f our ma9 body & close/ to ! enemy 9 ord] to obs]ve1 to report ! movem5ts ( ! enemy1 &1 :5 necess>y1 to make a tempor>y resi/ance2 #b;d1 a l9e ( resi/ance 7support+ gr\ps7 call$ supports ^u :i* ! fir/ l9e c retire be=e1 be+ swamp$ by sup]ior numb]s2 #c;d1 l>ge gr\ps1 or l9e ( gr\ps 7l9e ( res]ves71 s locat$ t !y may g to ! assi/ance ( ! second l9e 9 case ( necessity4 ,su* arrangem5ts may be illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,%[+ ,,! ,,ma9 ,,ideas ,,involv$ ,,9 ,,security ,dang] zone ,cavalry ,dang] zone ---- ,dang] zone --- --- ,cavalry -- -- ,cavalry -- -- -- -- _/ -- -- _/ _/ _/ ---- ---- _/ _/ ----------- _/ ,,ma9 ,,body _/ ----------- ,l9e ( obs]vation4 ,l9e ( res]ves - ,occupi$ by small to move =w>d to gr\ps4 ,drive back help l9e ( supports4 enemy patrols4 ,l9e ( supports on l9e ( resi/ance4 ,rally+ po9t = small gr\ps 9 front4 ,note t di/ances f ! l9e ( obs]vation to ! ma9 body increase z ! gr\ps increase 9 size4 ,! res]ves are ! l>ge/ gr\ps4 ,! gr\ps on ! ,l9e ( obs]vation are ! smalle/4 ,x is mo/ important to note t ! gr\ps are plac$ accord+ to ! conditions & circum/ances ( ! p>ticul> case4 ,don't foll[ any bl9d rules4 ,y\r judgm5t mu/ tell y :5 to place ?is gr\p "h & n to place t gr\p !re4 ,h z few m5 on su* duty z practicable4 ,if a swamp1 or a l>ge body ( wat] "h1 v small gr\ps w af=d ! necess>y security4 ,if a =e/1 or /eep hills "h1 v small p>ties w af=d ! necess>y security4 ,assume t we want to af=d security = our ma9 body f any especially dang]\s sector su* z ,,abc4 ,our cavalry is 9 front ( our fir/ l9e & 9 t\* ) ! enemy4 ,! dang] zone repres5ts ! direction f :i* ! enemy is expect$4 ,?is plan mu/ be modifi$ accord+ to ! p>ticul> case4 ,let u suppose t we are camp+ by a l>ge body ( wat]1 or t we are surr\nd$ by m\nta9s4 ,we c easily imag9e :]e we c\ld *ange ! above g5]al plan s z to give adequate protection & at ! same "t less5 ! numb] ( m5 detail$ = security4 ,we mu/ nev] =get t m5 are g5]ally tir$ :5 !y arrive 9 camp1 & t we %\ld make _! "w z light z circum/ances p]mit4 ,x requires a nice judgm5t to *oose ! correct numb] = security4 ,we %\ld "k ! names ( ^! gr\ps4 ,f>!/ away is ! l9e t sees1 & reports :at x sees1 b c (f] only a limit$ resi/ance4 ,?is is call$ ! l9e ( obs]vation or ! l9e ( outgu>ds4 ,9 re> ( ! l9e ( outgu>ds we h l>g] gr\ps plac$ at great] di/ances4 ,^! are call$ supports4 ,?is is ! l9e t fights4 ,?is is ! l9e t makes ext5sive prep>ations = fight+ 7or resi/+74 ,x is call$ ! l9e ( supports or ! l9e ( resi/ance4#b ,we h "o f>!r & la/ l9e ( gr\ps :i* is /ill l>g] & occupies /ill great] di/ances ?an ! two we h j discuss$4 ,?is is ! safety valve & is call$ ! res]ve1 or ! l9e ( res]ves4 ,?is is ! l9e t gives a s\nd factor ( safety4 ,x w only be call$ ^u 9 cases ( em]g5cy & may !re=e g5]ally enjoy a consid]able degree ( repose4 ,b x & ! l9e ( supports comb9$ mu/ h suffici5t /r5g? to delay ! enemy1 9 case ( a g5]al attack1 long en\gh = our ma9 body to =m = battle4 ,let u look at ! l9e ( outgu>ds = fur!r important consid]ations & di/9ctions4 ,! enemy's movem5ts & op]ations %\ld ord9>ily be expect$ :]e !re are = him lea/ difficulties4 ,l>ge 7dang]\s7 bodies ( troops f9d tr\ble 9 m>%es1 ?ick =e/s1 /eep m\nta9\s c\ntry4 ,!y avoid ^! ob/acles z mu* z possible1 select+ op5 c\ntry1 solid soil1 /rong bridges1 & good roads4 ,"h is :]e l>ge & /rong gr\ps 9 opposition are necess>y4 ,small & unimportant gr\ps 7or no gr\ps at all7 %\ld be plac$ :]e ! enemy's advance is exceptionally difficult4 ,f9ally1 !re w be places betwe5 ^! la/ two extremes t require j an av]age am\nt ( att5tion1 t is to say1 require gr\ps ( m$ium /r5g?4 ,! gr\ps t are l>ge/ & are us$ at ! important places :]e dang] is mo/ expect$1 are call$ ,pickets4 7,^! consi/ ( f two squads ( eight m5 ea* to eight squads47 ,! lea/ important gr\ps are call$ ,cossack ,po/s4 7,^! consi/ ( f\r m51 usually a noncommission$ (fic] & ?ree privates47 ,! gr\ps ( av]age importance are call$ ,s5try ,squads4 7,^! consi/ ( eight m51 a corporal & sev5 privates47 ,hav+ discuss$ 9 broad t]ms ! security ( troops 9 camp1 we are prep>$ to consid] _! security :ile ei!r advanc+ ^u or retreat+ f ! enemy4 ,9 ei!r case gr\ps are plac$ betwe5 our ma9 body & ! actual or suppos$ position ( ! ho/ile troops4 ,:5 we are advanc+ ^u an enemy our advanc$ gr\ps con/itute :at we t]m ! advance gu>d4 ,if we are retreat+ f ! enemy1 our re> gr\ps compose ! re> gu>d4 ,! ma9 g5]al ideas ( an advance gu>d are illu/rat$ by ! husb& :o takes 8 wife & family to 8 h\se aft] an ev5+'s abs5ce4 ,! h\se is d>k & )\t occupants4 ,! wife & *ildr5 are appreh5sive ( dang]4 ,! husb& goes fir/1 turns on ! light1 & se>*es = any indications ( an enemy4 ,he looks1 if desirable1 9 ! closets & "u ! b$s4 ,if !re is any "o t may h>m 8 family x is 8 duty to f9d out & dispose ( him4 ,9 ! advance gu>d we h exactly ! same g5]al s*eme z ) outpo/s4 ,f> advanc$ to ! front 7& (t5 to ! sides or flanks7 we h small gr\ps 7call$1 :5 consid]$ collectively1 ! advance p>ty7 ^: bus9ess x is to in=m u ( ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,next we h a l>ge gr\p 7support7 to assi/ ^! small & r helpless ones 9 advance 9 case ( difficulty4 ,& la/ we h a /ill l>g] gr\p 7res]ve7 t may be call$ ^u 9 great em]g5cies4 ,we %\ld fully und]/& t all ^! gr\ps are out to accompli% sev]al ends1 b _! "o great & ultimate object %\ld be to pu% on ahead ( ! ma9 body s t x may be secure & its m>* un9t]rupt$4 ,to accompli% ?is x is desirable to get all possible in=mation ab\t ! enemy2 x is also desirable to keep him f gett+ any in=mation ab\t y\r own troops4 ,! ideas are ne>ly ! same ) re> gu>ds4 ,note ?is important diff]5ce3 if1 9 an advance ^u ! enemy1 y\r advance gu>d %\ld sudd5ly be fir$ ^u1 y\r ma9 body w\ld 7tempor>ily7 halt4 ,if1 9 a retreat1 y\r re> gu>d is halt$ by ! enemy's fire1 y\r ma9 body w\ld normally be m>*+ f>!r f x4 ,9 ! fir/ case assi/ance is ne> at h&4 ,9 ! second x is )draw+4 ,! re> gu>d 9 a retreat %\ld !re=e be a little l>g] ?an 9 an advance4 ,x mu/ be able to extricate itself f any situation h[ev] difficult or x loses its usefulness4 ,its comm&] %\ld h a cool1 level head4 ,to delay ! enemy & ?us assi/ ! ma9 body to escape is 8 mission4 ,= him to rema9 too long 9 a good position might endang] n only 8 safety b t ( ! ma9 body z well4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,attack ,,& ,,def5se ,! ,european ,w> has demon/rat$ m cle>ly ?an ev] be=e two po9ts 9 attack & def5se4 ,fir/1 no p1 or gr\p ( p1 c claim a monopoly on brav]y4 ,!y all move =w>d & give up _! lives ) ! same utt] ab&on4 ,c\rage be+ equal1 ! advantage goes to him 9 ! attack :o possesses sup]ior lead]s1 great] tra9+1 & bett] equipm5t4 ,second1 a man's tra9+ & c\rage1 8 cle> eye & /eady n]ve1 8 s\l's blood & iron1 con/itute a bett] def5se ?an /eel & concrete4 ,a soldi] has little bus9ess attack+ or def5d+ any?+ 9 ?is day unless he is an a?lete1 unless he is skill$ 9 ! te*nique ( manoeuv]1 unless he is a good %ot1 unless he kn[s ! value ( _m features ( ! t]ra9 7:i* means ! nature ( ! c\ntry--its hills1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 depressions1 etc4--consid]$ f a milit>y po9t ( view71 unless he is discipl9$ to a spl5did degree1 & unless 8 tra9+ has imbu$ him ) an irresi/ible desire to pu% =w>d1 to get at 8 oppon5t4 ,assum+1 at lea/1 z mu* z ?is1 we are prep>$ to consid] ! subject ( ! attack 7! (f5sive74 ,to h y\r troops sup]ior 9 numb]1 condition1 tra9+1 equipm5t1 & morale to t ( y\r enemy2 to be at ! "r place1 at ! "r "t1 & !re to deliv] a sma%+1 t]rific bl[--?is is ! greate/ pr9ciple ( ! attack4 ,& hi/ory %[s t victory goes m (t5 to him :o attacks4 ,initiative 9 w> is no less valuable ?an 9 bus9ess life4 ,become at once imbu$ ) ! desire to put ! o!r fell[ on ! def5sive4 ,t makes him some:at dep5d5t ^u y\r own actions4 ,t gives y opportunities to fool him t he does n s fully enjoy4 ,y\r comm&] c elect to attack any po9t ( ! def5sive l9e4 ,y\r dead & w\nd$--always a demoraliz+ elem5t--are left beh9d4 ,y\r t>get is /ation>y4 ,y\r side is clos+ 94 ,! enemy is /ra9+ e n]ve to fire fa/] & m effectively1 & /ill y\r side is clos+ 94 ,!re is ! ?rill ( motion4 ,to attack1 y w usually require a great] numb] ( troops ?an ! def5se4 ,:y s8 ,because y w be m expos$4 ,y w h to move =w>d1 h[ev] dang]\s ! gr\nd4 ,y\r enemy1 = 8 protection1 w be c]ta9 to utilize & improve e advantage ( cov]4 ,y\r losses w be great]4 ,y %\ld h a great] numb] ( res]ves to fill ! deplet$ ranks4 ,if ! def5sive c ma9ta9 a bett] 7sup]ior7 fire1 t is to say1 a fire t kills & w\nds a great] numb] ?an ! oppos+ fire 7?is we call fire sup]iority71 he w /op ! advance ( ! attack+ =ce unless t =ce is s sup]ior 9 numb]s t x c s5d =w>d re9=cem5ts aft] re9=cem5ts z an ocean s5ds %orew>d its s]ies ( waves4 ,suppose t y 7 9 comm& ( a gr\p ( m5 & t y 7 ord]$ to attack4 ,j :at pr9cipal po9ts %\ld y weigh8 ,fir/1 y %\ld avail y\rself ( e opportunity to obta9 all in=mation ( milit>y value1 su* z ! enemy's /r5g?1 8 position1 & int5tions4 ,= ?is y w\ld h to s5d out gr\ps ( reconnoit]+ patrols exceptionally skill$ 9 woodcraft1 or tra9$ to ga!r in=mation4 ,z soon z su* in=mation z is available is report$ to y1 y %\ld at once beg9 ! consid]ation ( all ! important elem5ts t affect y\r problem4 ,y mu/ n lose sight ( :at y 7 s5t out to d 7y\r mission74 ,consid] h[ ?is & t fact be> ^u y\r c\rse ( action 7e/imate ! situation74 ,= in/ance3 ! enemy's =ce is report$ to be greatly inf]ior to y\r own4 ,he is out ( supplies4 ,he is greatly fatigu$ ) =c$ m>*es4 ,8 morale is %att]$ on acc\nt ( rec5t & frequ5t rev]ses4 ,8 camp is disorganiz$4 ,x is poorly gu>d$4 ,c]ta9 roads are 9 f9e condition4 ,o!rs are v poor4 ,y\r troops are 9 spl5did %ape & excell5t spirits4 ,!y believe t !y c cru% ! enemy & want to attack4 ,z y easily see1 all su* po9ts h great significance 9 siz+ up ! case 7e/imat+ ! situation74 ,hav+ e/imat$ ! situation1 y %\ld inve/igate & consid] all possible c\rses ( attack t are op5 to y4 ,don't ask any advice f any "o4 ,select ! c\rse t appe>s to (f] ! greate/ *ance ( success4 ,make up y\r m9d :at y are go+ to d 7come to a decision74 ,hav+ come to a decision1 /ick to x1 "r or wrong4 ,y\r next & f9al ?+ to d is to put y\r decision into action4 ,to d t1 give y\r subord9ates ! in=mation !y %\ld possess2 tell !m :at y are go+ to d & h[ y are go+ to d x2 i4e41 issue y\r ord]s4 ,a /udy ( ! ord]s ( successful g5]als 9 hi/ory tea*es u t we w be greatly aid$ 9 issu+ !m1 if we w obs]ve a sy/em4 ,we und]/& an ord] m easily & quickly if x con=ms to "s plan ) :i* we are famili>4 ,9 ord] to give y\r gr\p an opportunity to act ) a great] degree ( teamwork1 & intellig5ce 9 case ( an em]g5cy1 x is necess>y to give x data 7in=mation7 conc]n+ ! enemy4 ,y\r m5 %\ld "k :]e !re are fri5dly troops4 ,n[ tell !m :at y are go+ to d 7y\r plan71 :e!r x be to attack1 retire1 or assume ! def5sive4 ,& !n ord] ! execution ( t plan by assign+ to ea* gr\p its task4 ,next tell 7direct7 :at is to be done ) ! wagons 7tra9s71 & la/1 /ate :]e y may be f\nd at any "t 9 case ( ne$ or :]e messages may be s5t to y4 ,hav+ issu$ ! ord]1 let u n[ obs]ve ! progress ( ! attack4 ,y are probably ?ree or f\r ?\s& y>ds f ! enemy4 ,8 position is invisible4 ,8 artill]y has op5$ fire4 ,y\r artill]y is reply+4 ,! troops mu/ advance cauti\sly ov] expos$ gr\nd4 ,!y are n fir+4 ,!y are n deploy$ = action 79 battle l9e74 ,!y are wait+ to get )9 z %ort a di/ance ( ! enemy's l9e z possible1 = _! ammunition is limit$2 & aft] troops are actually laun*$ 9 ! attack1 control ov] !m1 = ord9>y purposes1 is practically lo/4 ,! f>!r f ! enemy ! attack is laun*$1 ! long] ! exposure to _! fire & ! great] ! numb] ( casualties1 s ! lead]s ( ! diff]5t gr\ps are tak+ advantage ( all ! accid5ts ( ! gr\nd1 ( all cov] 9 advanc+4 ,!y are us+ "o =mation "h1 ano!r !re1 ) a view to m9imiz+ ! losses & rea*+ an advantage\s position z soon z possible :]e !y c op5 an effective fire on ! enemy4 ,n[ ! enemy's fire is sev]e4 ,casualties are becom+ heavy4 ,! m5 are gr[+ re/less4 ,x is necess>y to return ! fire4 ,fire sup]iority %\ld be ga9$ at once4 ,don't move =w>d until y ga9 x4 ,if difficult to ga91 use e means at y\r disposal4 ,:5 y h x1 keep x4 ,"p ( y\r m5 c advance :5 y\r side has fire sup]iority4 ,! rema9d] ( ! fir+ l9e %\ld fire fa/] to ma9ta9 t sup]iority4 ,if y lose fire sup]iority1 rega9 x4 ,if necess>y1 troops f ! re> w g5]ally be s5t =w>d4 ,n[ y are approa*+ ! po9t :]e ! *>ge is to be made4 ,bayonets are fix$2 n all at "o "t1 = t w\ld affect ! advantage t y possess ) y\r fire4 ,gr\ps t h be5 held back 9 support are advanc$4 ,^! are to be us$ at decisive mom5ts4 ,!y are held well 9 h&4 ,! fir+ l9e is lo/ 9 noise & confusion4 ,n s ! supports2 control is ex]cis$ ov] !m4 ,if !y are n us$ 9 ! attack !y c be us$ to great advantage to complete ! discom=t ( ! enemy aft] ! cla% 7%ock74 ,!re is at la/1 if ! enemy rema9s 9 8 position1 ! cla%4 ,bayonet aga9/ bayonet1 man aga9/ man1 n]ve aga9/ n]ve4 ,apply ! great pr9ciple ( attack & decide = y\rself :o ! victor w be4 ,if successful1 !n organize y\r m5 & prep>e = ! pursuit or = ! return 7c\nt] attack7 ( ! enemy4 ,n[ y are to h&le gr\ps on ! def5se4 ,y mu/ be> 9 m9d t !re are two k9ds ( def5se3 fir/1 :]e y d no?+ b def5d 7passive def5se72 second1 :]e y def5d1 b tempor>ily1 ) ! idea ( attack+ ! enemy z soon z a favorable opportunity arises 7active def5se74 ,let u assume t y h be5 ord]$ by sup]ior au?ority to locate & prep>e a def9ite position to *eck ! advance ( an enemy4 ,j :at ma9 po9ts %\ld y be> 9 m9d8 ,suppose y h f\nd an ideal position2 :at conditions %\ld x fulfil8 ,y %\ld be able to see ! enemy long be=e he arrives at y\r position4 ,int]v5+ objects & trees w\ld make t impossible4 ,y %\ld be hidd5 f 8 view4 ,! ends ( y\r l9es 7y\r flanks7 %\ld re/1 if possible1 on gr\nd easy to def5d2 = in/ance1 a high m\nta91 a l>ge body ( wat]1 or an impassable swamp4 ,a few acres ( gr\nd w n hold t5s ( ?\s&s ( m54 ,!re=e ! ext5t ( ! gr\nd mu/ be suitable = ! size ( y\r gr\p 7=ce or comm&74 ,x w\ld be ( great advantage to h su* cov] t "o gr\p 7= in/ance1 a support7 c\ld move f ?is position to t )\t dang] ( be+ fir$ ^u or obs]v$4 ,a wise g5]al has plans = any cont+5cy4 ,he is ei!r go+ to w9 or he is n go+ to w94 ,if he loses1 he %\ld h a means ( escape 7retreat74 ,9 select+ 8 position he %\ld place x :]e ! enemy mu/ attack or give up 8 mission4 ,v]dun _h to be attack$ be=e ! advance on ,p>is f ! ea/ 0 practicable4 ,9 def5se !re is a g5]\s all[ance ( advantages4 ,usually y h "t to select & prep>e y\r position4 ,by prep>+ a position we mean1 y c dig tr5*es1 de/roy int]v5+ objects t ob/ruct ! view ( :at y %\ld see1 con/ruct ob/acles t w emb>rass ! enemy 9 8 advance1 e/imate 7or det]m9e7 di/ances to important places4 ,y h opportunities = collect+ ammunition1 arrang+ wires = communication1 e/abli%+ /ations = ! w\nd$4 ,troops 9 motion are easi] to see4 ,y are n call$ ^u = z mu* physical /ra9 z ! attack+ troops4 ,y are less fatigu$4 ,y\r ma*9e guns are bett] conceal$ & ! gunn]s "k ! ranges bett] ?an ^? ( ! attack4 ,b x is mo/ di/ress+ to a man on ! def5se to see ! enemy1 reg>dless ( ev]y?+ he c d1 advance /ep by /ep4 ,he beg9s to "q )9 himself ! efficacy ( 8 fire1 :i* is to d\bt 8 own ability4 ,! m he que/ions & worries1 ! less effective 8 aim becomes4 ,8 comrades are dead & w\nd$ ab\t him4 ,_! cries ( di/ress are he>d above ! noise & confusion ( battle4 ,he becomes less me?odical & delib]ate 9 8 actions4 ,8 %oot+ becomes high & wild4 ,?is becomes g5]ally true4 ,! attack+ =ce ga9s fire sup]iority4 ,suppose t x is actually y\r bus9ess to con/ruct a def5sive position4 ,j h[ w y assign ! tasks8 ,:at are ! important ?+s to be done at fir/1 & :at1 if "t is press+1 may ) lea/ h>d%ip be omitt$8 ,y w\ld fir/ cut d[n trees1 bl[ up build+s1 de/roy crops t prev5t$ y f see+ 9 any direction ( dang]4 ,next y %\ld provide protection 7concealm5t & cov]71 s t !re w be z few casualties z possible4 ,!n d :at is 9 y\r p[] to make x mo/ difficult = ! enemy to arrive at y\r position2 i4e41 con/ruct "s b>bwire f5ces 7entanglem5ts7 t he w be unable to cross4 ,h y\r exp]t range f9d]s det]m9e & make notes ( ! di/ances to important po9ts f :i* ! enemy mu/ advance4 ,next1 dig dit*es 7tr5*es7 s t y\r gr\ps 7supports or res]ves7 may pass f "o po9t to ano!r )\t dang]4 ,n[ take /eps to protect y\r mo/ vital & vuln]able po9ts1 y\r flanks4 ,h !m s /rong1 if practicable1 t ! enemy w leave !m alone4 ,assign to ea* gr\p ( m5 a section ( ! gr\nd to def5d4 ,hav+ done ^! important ?+s1 !n g ab\t ^? ?+s t w make y m com=table 9 ! tr5*es4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,t>get ,,practice ,! mo/ ?rill+ exp]i5ce y w h at a tra9+ camp w probably come :5 y /ep up to ! fir+ l9e on ! t>get range to fire y\r fir/ %ot4 ,! great majority ( new m5 gr[ pale1 become n]v\s1 lose _! calm & poise1 :ile !y are on ! fir+ l9e4 ,?is is a fact1 n a !ory4 ,& ?is loss ( n]ve is n conf9$ to ! new man4 ,any %ot1 h[ev] old & exp]i5c$1 w tell y t he fully und]/&s :at we h j describ$4 ,to become a good %ot1 we mu/ solve a m5tal condition t corresponds 9 a way to t ( beg9n]s 9 golf4 ,& we mu/ ma/] "s details 9 te*nique4 ,we %\ld "k some?+ ab\t ! ma*9e 7rifle7 we are to op]ate4 ,we mu/ "k :at ! sights are & h[ to use !m4 ,we %\ld "k h[ ^? m5 mo/ successful 9 ! sci5ce & art ( %oot+ hold ! rifle "u diff]5t conditions1 h[ !y adju/ _! sl+s1 h[ !y prep>e 7black57 _! sights & c>e = _! rifles1 :at practice & prep>ation !y take1 & :at bits ( advice !y h to (f]4 ,! primitive man _h no means ( accurately aim+ 8 crude devices to ?r[ /ones4 ,b 9 ?is day & age we h4 ,! mod]n rifle is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect pieces ( sci5tific ma*9]y 9 ! _w4 ,v %ortly aft] y arrive 9 camp y\r capta9 w expla9 to y its sights & h[ !y are adju/$4 lie has a sight+ b> = t purpose4 ,x w take y only a few m9utes to grasp ! subject :5 y h a rifle 9 y\r h&s1 & y\r in/ructor is po9t+ out & expla9+ j :at y %\ld "k4 ,on pap] x seems to be h>d4 ,n[ y w want to le>n h[ to load y\r piece 7rifle71 "w y\r bolt1 & squeeze ! trigg]4 ,simple z ^! po9ts may seem1 y w h some?+ to le>n aft] y h be5 at x t5 ye>s4 ,practise6 practise6 practise6 ,sit on y\r bunk & "w y\r bolt t5 ?\s& times be=e y g on ! range4 ,get 9 ! habit ( do+ x quickly4 ,le>n to keep y\r piece at y\r %\ld] :ile y pull ! bolt back & pu% x home4 ,le>n to make ! fewe/ possible motions ( y\r body 9 work+ x4 ,to pull a bolt back & pu% x =w>d seems to be a simple ?+ to d4 ,x is simple4 ,b :5 y are actually fir+ at ! t>get1 exp]i5ce tells y t y w h m tr\ble & a great] collection ( h>d luck /ories to amuse y\r fri5ds ) ?an y ev] imag9$ possible1 unless y h _h pl5ty ( practice4 ,to squeeze a trigg] seems to be a simple ?+ to d4 ,x is simple4 ,b aft] y h be5 squeez+ trigg]s = tw5ty ye>s y w h some?+ m to le>n ab\t x4 ,n9ety-five p] c5t4 ( ! failures on ! t>get range 9 ! tra9+ camps come f n squeez+ ! trigg] prop]ly4 ,y c't le>n h[ to squeeze x on pap]4 ,y h got to practise4 ,e "t y "w y\r bolt1 squeeze y\r trigg]4 ,get 9 "s extra squeezes4 ,y w f9d t y\r :ole muscul> & n]v\s sy/em w ne$ to be coord9at$ & h>moniz$4 ,aft] y h be5 long ab\t x y w f9d an extreme delicacy 9 its op]ation4 ,y w f9d t x requires a great deal m ?an a f+]4 ,all ! muscles ( y\r h& & arm w be requir$4 ,we _c ov]emphasize ! importance ( squeez+ y\r trigg]4 ,:5 y le>n to d ?is )\t jump+ 7fl9*+71 )\t mov+ an eyela%1 y are mak+ progress & are prep>$ = m advanc$ "w4 ,:y d y suppose we h gall]y practice1 i4e41 practice ) a greatly r$uc$ *>ge ( p[d]8 ,simply to det]m9e & correct y\r errors4 ,we assume t y h normal sight & t y are 9 fair physical condition4 ,suppose t y make a p]fect score4 ,:at conditions mu/ y fulfil8 #a/1 ,y mu/ aim 9 exactly ! same way e "t4 #b;d1 ,at ! in/ant ( fir+ y\r body mu/ be 9 p]fect repose4 #c;d1 ,y mu/ squeeze y\r trigg] prop]ly 7)\t a j]k74 ,y c\ld n aim exactly ! same way e "t unless y und]/ood y\r sights & unless y c\ld see !m pla9ly4 ,y w be told to black5 !m4 ,_m =get & fail to d ?is4 ,!y d n fully realize t ! sights are mu* easi] to see :5 black5$1 & t !re=e ! *ances ( hitt+ ! bull's-eye are mu* great]4 ,!res no m luck 9 %oot+ ?an !re is 9 solv+ a problem 9 geometry1 or 9 a game ( billi>ds4 ,xs all practice1 n]ve1 & sci5ce4 ,y\r body _c be 9 repose at ! in/ant y fire unless y h y\r sl+ prop]ly adju/$1 unless y are reasonably com=table 7n con/ra9$71 & unless y1 tempor>ily1 /op brea?+4 ,y\r body mu/ be1 = an in/ant1 a vise4 ,any trivial ?+ su* z a puff ( w9d1 a j]k ( ! trigg]1 or a noise ne> y1 w ord9>ily *ange y\r hold & ?r[ y (f ! bull's-eye4 ,suppose y are mak+ a poor score4 ,:at is ! tr\ble8 ,9 ! fir/ place don't blame x on ! rifle or ! ammunition4 ,assume full responsibility y\rself4 ,y are ! responsible p>ty4 ,practise a great deal & see if y c locate ! fault4 ,if y _c1 y\r capta9 w assi/ y4 ,:5 we g f gall]y practice to ! t>get range1 :]e we fire ! s]vice rifle ) ! s]vice *>ge1 we f9d a great diff]5ce 9 ! recoil ( ! rifle & 9 ! s\nd4 ,! good ,"l has made our muscles & n]v\s sy/em to react automatically at dang] or any?+ connect$ ) x4 ,t is probably :y we %udd] & close our eyes :5 a door is slamm$ v ne> to u4 ,b s\nd1 unless we get too close1 does n hurt any "o1 & we %\ld /eel our n]ves to rememb] t fact :5 we are fir+4 ,we also "k t !re is go+ to be a c]ta9 am\nt ( recoil ( ! rifle4 ,b if y w hold y\r sl+ z y h be5 in/ruct$1 if y w provide y\rself ) prop] elb[ & %\ld] padd+1 ! au?ors ( ?is text assure y t y w exp]i5ce no pa9 or h>m f ! recoil4 ,x is _! judgm5t t if y are heal?y & c see & w g on ! range ) y\r jaws set to fire ) any?+ l y\r gall]y practice coolness1 & calmness1 y w qualify4 ,y\r greate/ /umbl+ block w be y\r rapid fire4 ,?is is :]e y fire a def9ite numb] ( %ots 9 a limit$ "t4 ,& ?is is :]e y w exp]i5ce ! extreme am\nt ( n]v\sness4 ,:5 y return f fir+ y\r fir/ score at rapid fire1 & h _h "t to ?9k calmly ov] y\r actions1 y w probably realize t y\r n]ves 7 pit*$ up 9 ,g & t y did a numb] ( fooli% ?+s4 ,y %\ld realize t y are n an exceptional man4 ,n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ normal1 virile m5 are m or less n]v\s :5 !y fir/ /ep up = rapid fire4 ,practice & w p[] are ! correctives4 ,let u suppose t y h t5 %ots to fire 9 two m9utes4 ,if y fire y\r t5 %ots 9 "o m9ute x is pla9 t y return unus$ "o m9ute giv5 to y4 ,?is m9ute may h be5 ( great use to y 9 gett+ clos] to ! bull's-eye4 ,if y fire at ! rate ( t5 %ots 9 ?ree m9utes1 x is pla9 t :5 y\r two m9utes %all h expir$ y h miss$ ! opportunity ( fir+ f\r times at ! bull's-eye4 ,get "o ( y\r bunkies to g back ( y\r t5t & "t y4 ,!n swap ab\t & y hold ! wat* = him4 ,try to make ( y\rself a ma*9e t f9i%es ! t5 %ots j be=e ! "t expires4 ,& "h is a little rule ( ?umb we want y to be> con/antly 9 m9d :ile y are hav+ rapid fire3 ,load y\r piece quickly1 b aim & squeeze y\r trigg] delib]ately4 ,keep cool4 ,! be/ %ot 9 ! company is ! man :o practises ! mo/4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,practice ,,m>* ,,or ,,hike ,! manoeuv] practice m>* w be ! mo/ in/ructive1 ! mo/ pleasant1 & "o ( ! h>de/ p]iods ( y\r s]vice4 ,y w return f x pr\d ( ! h>d%ips y h und]gone & capable ( speak+ ) au?ority on _m practical matt]s p]ta9+ to soldi]+4 ,y w be able to amuse y\rself & y\r fri5ds ) rem9isc5ces ( ! _m incid5ts :i* y w nev] =get4 ,x is dur+ ! practice m>* t y w put into practical use ! tactical pr9ciples & battle =mations ( :i*1 up to t "t1 y w h he>d at lectures1 or :i* y w h execut$ 9 a me*anical mann] at drill4 ,y w return f ea* m>* ) a k ( _m practical po9ts on camp sanitation1 ( ! pleasures & h>d%ips incid5t to manoeuv] w>f>e1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* a soldi] adapts himself to *ang+ conditions1 all ( :i* _c be le>n$ f books or lectures4 ,! practice m>* dem&s a l>ge exp5diture ( physical & m5tal en]gy2 h[ev]1 ! h>d%ips are greatly exagg]at$ by ! old soldi]s4 ,to make up a set ( equipm5t1 to assi/ 9 clean+ up camp & load+ trucks1 to m>* & fight = a di/ance ( t5 or twelve miles :ile c>ry+ a heavy pack on ! back & a n9e-p\nd gun on ! %\ld]1 & ^u rea*+ camp to pit* y\r t5t1 make up y\r b$1 d "s fatigue "w1 & probably "s gu>d duty 9 addition1 all 9 "o day1 is a h>d physical /ra9 on ! av]age man4 ,by obey+ implicitly ! advice ( y\r company comm&]1 y w greatly less5 ! h>d%ips incid5t to a practice m>*1 & by disobey+ x y may possibly und]go ! mortification ( hav+ to drop out ( ranks & be je]$ at by ! pass+ column4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions1 if foll[$ implicitly1 w less5 ! h>d%ip ( ! hike4 ,,m>*+ ,,rules #a4 ,adju/ y\r equipm5t1 if necess>y1 at ! fir/ halt4 #b4 ,d n leave ! column )\t ! express p]mission ( y\r company company comm&]4 #c4 ,keep 9 y\r prop] place 9 ! column4 #d4 keep =ty in*es f ! man 9 front ( y4 ,,halts ,halts are made = ! purpose ( re/+4 ,take advantage ( ! opportunity by sitt+ d[n at once along ! side ( ! road ne> ! place :]e y\r squad w =m :5 ! m>* is resum$4 ,rema9 seat$ until ! comm& to fall 9 is giv54 ,sit d[n 9 su* a way t y d n support ! weight ( ! pack on y\r %\ld]s :ile re/+4 ,don't g w&]+ (f into p's y>ds or or*>ds4 ,relax z completely z possible4 ,get into place imm$iately :5 ! signal is giv54 ,,camp+ ,two m5 t5t toge!r--! front rank man & 8 re> rank file4 ,alt] pit*+ y\r t5t1 get inside & level (f ! gr\nd4 ,cut a dra9 ar\nd ! t5t to c>ry ! wat] (f2 ?is %\ld be done ev5 9 pleasant wea!r4 ,9 case y d n tr5* y\r t5t & a sudd5 ra9 comes1 y\r blankets may get wet & y w probably lose "s mu*-ne$$ re/ & sleep4 ,if ! t5t p9s w n /ay 9 ! gr\nd1 cut "s small /icks to a l5g? ( ab\t twelve in*es & use !m z t5t p9s4 ,,prep>+ ,,y\r ,,b$ ,aft] y h pit*$ y\r t5t1 get "s hay1 grass1 /raw1 or leaves & cov] ! floor4 ,place "o pon*o on ?is1 !n "o or two blankets on top ( ! pon*o to sleep on1 & use ! rema9+ blankets z cov]4 ,spread ! o!r pon*o ov] ! t5t4 ,_m m5 are c>eless ab\t mak+ a com=table b$4 ,y w be rew>d$ ) l>ge divid5ds if y are zeal\s 9 mak+ y\rself com=table4 ,arrange y\r equipm5t at ! re> j "u ! small triangle4 ,get y\r meat c1 knife1 =k1 spoon1 & t9 cup out :]e !y w be h&y4 ,,mak+ ,,up ,,y\r ,,pack ,imm$iately aft] reveille1 take d[n y\r t5t & make up y\r pack4 ,place y\r extra blankets on ! pile ) ^? ( ! o!r memb]s ( y\r squad4 ,make up y\r surplus kit bundle & put x 9 ! surplus kit bag4 ,,wat] ,fill y\r cante5 ea* ev5+1 z ! wat] wagons sometimes d n rea* camp be=e ! morn+ m>* is comm5c$4 ,excessive wat] dr9k+ on ! m>* is ! besett+ s9 ( ! inexp]i5c$ soldi]4 ,"o swall[ ( wat] calls = ano!r4 ,soon y\r cante5 is empty4 ,y\r /oma* feels uncom=table4 ,y are /ill ?ir/y4 ,if x is necess>y to replace "s ( ! wat] ( ! body :i* is lo/ by p]spiration1 & ?is is (t5 necess>y1 fir/ g>gle out ! m\? & ?roat & spit ! wat] out2 !n take a swall[ or two1 b be c>eful n to dr9k to excess4 ,injudici\s & excessive wat] dr9k+ fills ! hospital ambulances & auto trucks ) m5 :o %\ld be 9 ranks4 ,"o half a cante5 ( wat] is suffici5t = y on any m>* y w h to make4 ,aft] y arrive 9 camp & h cool$ (f a little1 dr9k z mu* wat] z y desire1 b d s sl[ly4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet ,! infantryman's feet are 8 means ( transportation4 ,if y c>e = !m prop]ly1 y w be rew>d$4 #a4 ,wa% & dry ! feet c>efully & put on clean socks z soon z practicable aft] gett+ into camp4 #b4 ,wa% out ! socks y h be5 we>+ & hang !m out to dry4 #c4 ,d n we> socks ) holes 9 !m if y c possibly avoid x4 ,%\ld a hole beg9 to cause rubb+1 turn ! sock inside out or *ange x to ! o!r foot4 #d4 ,j z soon z y decide to att5d a tra9+ camp or jo9 ! colors1 cut y\r toe nails squ>e across ! ends s !y w n gr[ 94 #e4 ,9 case ( any foot tr\ble t y _c relieve1 report to ! surgeon at once4 ,don't wait until y _c m>* be=e report+4 #f4 ,a ,treatm5t = ,bli/]s4 ,be c>eful n to te> (f ! sk9 cov]+ ! bli/]4 ,heat ! po9t ( a ne$le until x is r$ hot & :5 x cools ins]t x "u ! live sk9 a little di/ance away f ! bli/]4 ,pu% x ?r\gh to ! "u side ( ! bruis$ sk9 or bli/] & !n press out ! wat]4 ,to protect ! bli/]1 grease a small piece ( *amois ) vasel9e & place x s t x cov]s ! bli/] & ext5ds ov] on ! solid sk9 surr\nd+ x4 ,!n place a piece ( oxide adhesive tape ov] ! *amois4 ,?is me?od all[s ! protective cov]+ to be remov$ )\t ruptur+ ! sk9 ov] ! bli/] & protects ! new t5d] & s5sitive sk9 s t ! weight c be re/$ ^u ! foot )\t caus+ sev]e pa94 ,"o man 9 ea* squad %\ld be provid$ ) a ne$le1 adhesive tape1 a bottle ( vasel9e1 & a piece ( *amois = ! common use ( ! squad4 #g4 ,%oes4 a4 ,be sure !y fit y\r feet4 ,! bus9ess %oe y we> at ! (fice won't d = m>*+ :51 ) ! additional weight y c>ry1 y\r foot spreads 9 bread? & ext5ds 9 l5g?2 h5ce y\r m>*+ %oes %\ld be long] & broad] ?an y\r bus9ess %oes4 ,?is is a v important item & %\ld n be neglect$4 ,if y\r %oes are too l>ge1 bli/]s w result2 if too small1 y\r foot w be cramp$1 & e /ep w be pa9ful4 b4 ,break y\r %oes 9 prior to ! practice m>*4 c4 ,keep y\r %oes well oil$ s !y w be s(t & pliable & keep out wat]4 d4 ,if y\r %oes get wet on ! inside heat "s small pebbles 7n s hot z to burn lea!r7 & keep !m inside ! %oes until dry4 ,,camp ,,sanitation ,9 camp y are really y\r bro!r's keep]4 ,x is ! duty ( e man to keep ! camp clean1 sanit>y1 & livable4 ,con/antly be> 9 m9d t a great numb] ( m5 are liv+ toge!r 9 a v small area2 t food is be+ prep>$ 9 ! op52 t !re are no sew]s2 & t ! gr\nd or du/ & /reams mu/ n be pollut$4 ,obey consci5ti\sly & dilig5tly ! foll[+ rules3 #a4 ,don't take food to y\r t5t4 #b4 ,use ! latr9es t are provid$4 #c4 ,:5 possible ba! ea* day z soon z practicable aft] y arrive at camp4 #d4 ,don't ?r[ food or fruit peel+ on ! gr\nd4 #e4 ,dispose ( any food y _c eat by burn+ 9 ! kit*5 inc9]ator4 #f4 ,keep away f ! kit*5 & cooks4 #g4 ,don't dip y\r cup 9 ! dr9k+ wat] receptacle4 ,use ! dipp] provid$ = t purpose4 #h4 ,if sick1 report to a surgeon4 #i4 ,don't litt] up ! camp ) pap]4 #aj4 ,get y\r dr9k+ wat] & ba! at ! au?oriz$ places4 ,! camp comm&] always designates diff]5t places = cook+ & dr9k+ wat]1 = wat]+ ! animals1 = ba?+ & wa%+ clo!s4 #aa4 ,on leav+ camp ! gr\nd %\ld be 9 bett] condition ?an :5 y arriv$4 ,all s9ks1 latr9es1 dit*es1 & holes are fill$ & ! e>? /amp$ d[n2 all combu/ibles t h no value %\ld be burn$ & noncombu/ible matt] ei!r buri$ or pil$ s x c be c>t$ away4 #ab4 ,all deposits 9 ! re>s %\ld be cov]$ ) e>?4 ,,miscellane\s #a4 ,take great pa9s ea* morn+ to make a neat1 small & solid pack & /rap x up securely4 #b4 ,don't put y\r pack on until ord]$ to d s by y\r company comm&] or fir/ s]geant4 #c4 ,get y\r pack prop]ly adju/$4 #d4 ,don't take y\r equipm5t (f dur+ ! halts all[$ = re/+4 #e4 ,don't eat any?+ or patronize ! s(t dr9k /& dur+ a m>*4 #f4 ,retire e>ly & get a good night's re/4 #g4 ,use only heavy or light wool socks & see t !y fit p]fectly4 ,if y _c we> wool socks1 try cotton & !n silk socks4 #h4 ,don't ov]eat or ov]dr9k4 #i4 ,a light pair ( sneak]s or canvas t5nis %oes are s]viceable = camp we> 9 ! aft]noons & are re/ful to ! feet4 #aj4 ,ea* morn+ spr9kle a little talcum p[d] or footease 9 ! %oes4 #aa4 ,keep ! b[els function+ prop]ly4 ,%\ld y become con/ipat$1 report to ! doctor = m$ic9e be=e y beg9 to feel badly4 #ab4 ,clean y\r mess kit imm$iately aft] ea* meal4 #ac4 ,respect ! prop]ty ( o!rs4 ,,equipm5t ,dur+ ! hike y\r equipm5t = liv+ w be limit$ to3 7#a7 y\r pack 7?+s t y c>ry on y\r back71 7#b7 a few au?oriz$ articles :i* are plac$ 9 a squad laundry bag 7call$ a surplus kit71 & 7#c7 a blanket roll4 ,cont5ts ( ! ,pack #a bacon c4 #a condim5t c4 #a blanket4 #a pon*o4 #a %elt] half 7"o-half ( a small t5t7 #e small t5t p9s4 #a too? bru%4 #a comb & any o!r toilet articles desir$4 #a cake ( soap4 #a or #b t[els4 #a extra suit ( und]we>4 #a pair socks4 #a pair %oe /r+s4 ,cont5ts ( ,surplus ,kit #a pair ( bree*es4 #a suit ( und]we>4 #a %irt1 olive drab4 #a %oe laces4 #b pair ( socks4 #a pair ( %oes 7tan74 ,any o!r article t may be prescrib$ by ! company comm&]4 ,! surplus kit ( ea* man w be made up into a neat1 compact bundle1 ti$ ) a /r+ 7use a %oe /r+ = ! purpose71 & tagg$ ) ! own]'s "n4 ,^! individual kits w be pack$ 9 a laundry bag1 call$ surplus kit bag1 tagg$1 "o = ea* squad4 ,cont5ts ( ,blanket ,roll #a4 ,extra blankets4 #b4 ,"o ramrod = ea* squad4 #c4 ,any o!r articles t may be prescrib$ by ! company comm&]4 ,ea* squad makes ^! extra blankets1 etc41 into a long roll :i* is call$ ! squad blanket roll4 ,a tag is ti$ to x1 %[+ to :at regim5t1 company1 & squad x belongs4 ,notes #a4 ,! bacon c is a conv5i5t place to c>ry a small face t[el1 %av+ outfit1 & o!r small toilet articles4 #b4 ,keep y\r soap 9 a soap box4 #c4 ,ea* squad %\ld h its own clean+ mat]ial :i* %\ld be ti$ into a small package & c>ri$ 9 ! surplus kit bag4 #d4 ,int]e/ 9 a hike or a manoeuv] w be /imulat$ if at lea/ "o memb] ( ea* squad has a map %[+ all ! camp sites & r\te ( m>*4 #e4 ,"o man 9 ea* squad %\ld be provid$ ) a small bottle ( iod9e1 "s absorb5t cotton & adhesive tape = ! common use ( ! squad4 ,?is saves "t = ! surgeon & m5 9 c>+ = m9or injuries1 scrat*es1 etc4 ,,esprit ,,de ,,corps ,h too mu* esprit de corps to compla9 ( ! l5g? ( ! m>*1 or to kick ab\t ! du/ on ! road4 ,be self-controll$4 ,don't boa/ ( y\r ability to m>* on =ev]4 ,su* rem>ks are depress+ to a tir$ comrade :o is n z physically /rong z y4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,(fic]s' ,,res]ve ,,corps ,to make x possible to fill ! gaps made 9 ! ,regul> ,army1 by ! heavy loss ( commission$ (fic]s :i* is inevitable 9 "t ( w> & to make x possible to tra9 l>ge volunte] armies :i* are call$ into exi/5ce :5 w> is imm95t or actually ^u ! c\ntry1 ! ,gov]nm5t has provid$ = an ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 ,x is1 inde$1 a patriotic & f>-sight$ act on ! "p ( a citiz5 to become a res]ve (fic]1 =1 by s do+1 he w increase 8 measure ( usefulness = ! "t :5 8 c\ntry w ne$ him mo/ & :5 he w1 if he is a real1 virile man1 desire to be ( ! utmo/ s]vice to 8 c\ntry4 ,! ,presid5t alone is au?oriz$ to appo9t (fic]s 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps4 ,ea* (fic] mu/ be physically1 m5tally1 & morally qualifi$ to hold 8 commission4 ,! highe/ rank 9 ! res]ve corps w be t ( major4 ,age limits = appo9tm5t 9 ! l9e ( ! ,res]ve ,corps3 #bnd ,lieut5ants mu/ be "u #cb ye>s ( age4 #a/ ,lieut5ants mu/ be "u #cf ye>s ( age4 ,capta9s mu/ be "u #dj ye>s ( age4 ,majors mu/ be "u #de ye>s ( age4 ,any citiz5 :o ?9ks t he has ! necess>y qualifications & desires to become a res]ve (fic] %\ld apply to ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! ,dep>tm5t :]e9 he resides = an application blank & all in=mation p]ta9+ !reto4 ,y mu/ und]go a c\rse ( tra9+ 9 camp4 ,we advise y 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms to g to camp z soon z possible4 ,!re are no %ort cuts 9 ! milit>y bus9ess4 ,! mo/ effici5t in/ruction "u ! mo/ ideal conditions ) ! mo/ compet5t (fic]s1 w be f\nd only 9 camp4 ,,g5]al ,,in=mation ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,(fic]s' ,,res]ve ,,corps ,an (fic] 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps _c1 )\t 8 cons5t1 be call$ into s]vice 9 a l[] grade ?an t held by him 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps4 ,:5 a ,res]ve ,(fic] rea*es ! age limit fix$ = appo9tm5t or reappo9tm5t 9 ! grade 9 :i* commission$1 he w be honorably dis*>g$ f ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & he w be entitl$ to reta9 8 (ficial title1 &1 on occasions ( c]emony1 to we> ! uni=m ( ! highe/ grade he held 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps4 ,! prec$+ provisions z to ages ( (fic]s d n apply to ! appo9tm5t or reappo9tm5t ( (fic]s ( ! ,qu>t]ma/]1 ,eng9e]1 ,ordnance1 ,signal1 ,judge ,advocate1 & ,m$ical ,sections ( ! ,res]ve ,corps4 ,a commission 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps w cov] a p]iod ( five ye>s1 except z provid$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 unless soon] t]m9at$ 9 ! discretion ( ! ,presid5t4 ,an (fic] may be recommission$1 ei!r 9 ! same or a high] grade = successive p]iods ( five ye>s1 subject to exam9ation & age limits4 ,to become eligible = appo9tm5t z an (fic] ( ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps a man mu/ be n less ?an tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age & mu/ be a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,! ,,(fic]s' ,,res]ve ,,corps ,,9 ,,w> ,9 "t ( actual or ?reat5$ ho/ilities ! ,presid5t c ord] (fic]s ( ! ,res]ve ,corps to tempor>y duty ) ! ,regul> ,army1 or z (fic]s at recruit+ r5dezv\s & depots1 or on su* duty z he may prescribe4 ,an (fic] ?us call$ into s]vice receives ! same pay & all[ances z an (fic] ( ! same rank 9 ! ,regul> ,army4 ,:5 ?us call$ out ,res]ve ,(fic]s may be promot$ 9 rank to vacancies 9 volunte] organizations4 ,retir$ (fic]s ( ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps are n entitl$ to retir$ pay b are entitl$ to p5sions = disability incurr$ 9 l9e ( duty & :ile 9 active s]vice4 ,:5 call$ out = active s]vice an (fic] 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps w be requir$ to obey ! laws & regulations = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 s f> z !y are applicable to (fic]s ^: p]man5t ret5tion 9 ! milit>y s]vice is n contemplat$4 ,,! ,,(fic]s' ,,res]ve ,,corps ,,9 ,,peace ,dur+ peace ! ,secret>y ( ,w> c ord] any ,res]ve ,(fic] to duty = in/ruction = a p]iod n to exce$ fifte5 days 9 any "o cal5d> ye>4 ,:ile s s]v+1 an (fic] w receive ! pay & all[ance ( 8 grade 9 ! ,regul> ,army4 ,?is p]iod ( s]vice may be ext5d$ ) ! cons5t ( ! ,res]ve ,(fic]4 ,by ?us ext5d+ su* p]iods ( in/ruction a ,res]ve ,(fic] may1 at ! conclusion !re(1 be exam9$ = promotion to ! next high] grade4 ,,exam9ations ,ea* applicant = a commission 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps w be giv5 a rigid physical exam9ation4 ,make c]ta9 t y c pass su* an exam9ation4 ,g to y\r family physician & get him to exam9e y4 ,! exam9ations = ,res]ve ,corps commissions are = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! practical ability ( ! applicant4 ,! record ( all ! s]vice & tra9+ ! applicant has _h at tra9+ camps is consid]$ z "p ( ! exam9ation4 ,^? desir+ to ent] ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps may elect any ( ! foll[+ sections3 #a4 ,infantry ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #b4 ,cavalry ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #c4 ,field ,artill]y ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #d4 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #e4 ,m$ical 7to include ! res]ve (fic]s ( ! ,m$ical ,corps1 ,d5tal ,corps1 & ,vet]9>y ,corps7 ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #f4 ,adjutant ,g5]al's ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #g4 ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al's ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #h4 ,inspector ,g5]al's ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #i4 ,qu>t]ma/] ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #aj4 ,eng9e] ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #aa4 ,ordnance ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 #ab4 ,signal ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 ,,reports ,,to ,,be ,,made ,(fic]s 9 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps are requir$ to report at once to ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,dep>tm5t 9 :i* !y live or to ! heads ( ! ,/aff ,corps or ,dep>tm5ts to :i* !y may belong ( any p]man5t *ange ( address4 ,if a *ange ( address to any o!r dep>tm5t is involv$ ! adjutant ( ea* dep>tm5t %\ld be notifi$4 ,,! ,,res]ve ,,(fic]s' ,,tra9+ ,,corps ,! ,presid5t is au?oriz$ to e/abli% & ma9ta9 9 civil educational in/itutions a ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps :i* %all consi/ ( s5ior & junior divisions4 ,,s5ior ,,division ,a s5ior division ( ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps may be e/abli%$ at any univ]sity & college requir+ ( its /ud5ts f\r ye>s ( collegiate /udy = a degree1 & at ess5tially milit>y s*ools :i*1 z a result ( annual inspection ( su* in/itutions by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 are especially designat$ z qualifi$ to e/abli% a unit ( ! s5ior division4 ,au?orities ( ! =m] 7univ]sities & colleges n ess5tially milit>y7 mu/ e/abli% & ma9ta9 a two ye>s' elective or compulsory c\rse ( milit>y tra9+1 z a m9imum1 = its physically fit male /ud5ts4 ,?is c\rse1 :5 ent]$ ^u1 mu/ 9 ! case ( su* /ud5ts be a pr]equisite = graduation4 ,:5 any memb] ( ?is s5ior division has complet$ two academic ye>s ( s]vice 9 t division2 has be5 select$ by ! presid5t ( ! in/itution & by its pr(essor ( milit>y sci5ce & tactics 7:o mu/ be an army (fic]72 has made a writt5 agreem5t to cont9ue 9 ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps = ! rema9d] ( 8 c\rse 9 ! in/itution1 devot+ five h\rs p] week to ! milit>y tra9+ prescrib$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,w>2 has also made a writt5 agreem5t to pursue ! c\rses 9 tra9+ camps 7"o camp ( n m ?an six weeks' duration ea* ye>7 prescrib$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,w>7--:5 he has fulfill$ all ^! conditions1 he may be giv51 at ! exp5se ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a money commutation ( subsi/5ce at a rate n exce$+ ! co/ ( ! g>rison 7army7 ration dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 s]vice 9 ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps4 ,?is w am\nt to ab\t ?irty c5ts a day4 ,?is provision applies only to ! s5ior division4 ,,junior ,,division ,a junior division ( ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps may be e/abli%$ at any in/itution to :i* an army (fic] has be5 detail$ z ! pr(essor ( milit>y sci5ce & tactics1 & :i* _c meet ! necess>y requirem5ts = ! s5ior division4 ,9 ?is case ! ,gov]nm5t does n give a commutation ( subsi/5ce & ! /ud5ts are n ask$ to obligate !mselves z 9 ! s5ior division4 ,,to ,,ent] ,,! ,,res]ve ,,(fic]s' ,,corps ,! ,presid5t is au?oriz$1 "u su* regulations z he may prescribe1 to appo9t 9 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps any graduate ( ! s5ior division ( ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps1 :o %all h satisfactorily complet$ ! two-ye> c\rse ( tra9+ 7five h\rs a week71 incid5t to receiv+ a commutation ( rations2 also any graduate ( ! junior division :o %all h satisfactorily complet$ ! c\rses ( milit>y tra9+ prescrib$ = /ud5ts ( ! s5ior divisions1 ref]r$ to 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is p>agraph1 & %all h p>ticipat$ 9 su* practical in/ruction1 subsequ5t to graduation1 z ! ,secret>y ( ,w> %all h prescrib$4 ,!y mu/ be tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age & mu/ make writt5 agreem5t "u oa? to s]ve ! ,unit$ ,/ates = t5 ye>s4 ,any physically fit male citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 betwe5 ! ages ( tw5ty-"o & tw5ty-sev5 ye>s1 :o graduat$ prior to ,june #bb1 #aiaf1 f any educational in/itution at :i* an (fic] ( ! ,army 0 detail$ z pr(essor ( milit>y sci5ce & tactics1 & :o1 :ile a /ud5t at su* in/itution1 complet$ c\rses ( milit>y tra9+ sub/antially equival5t to ^? prescrib$ = ! s5ior division ( ! ,res]ve ,(fic]s' ,tra9+ ,corps1 may1 aft] satisfactorily complet+ su* additional practical milit>y tra9+ z ! ,secret>y ( ,w> %all prescribe1 be eligible = appo9tm5t to ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps4 ,! ,presid5t c appo9t & commission1 z a tempor>y second lieut5ant ( ! ,regul> ,army 9 "t ( peace1 = ! purpose ( in/ruction & = a p]iod n to exce$ six mon?s1 any ,res]ve ,(fic] :o 0 appo9t$ 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! two prec$+ p>agraphs4 ,a tempor>y second lieut5ant w receive ! all[ance au?oriz$ by law = t grade & pay at ! rate ( #ajj a mon?4 ,he w be atta*$ to a unit ( ! ,regul> ,army = duty & tra9+4 ,at ! end ( ! six mon?s he w rev]t to ! /atus ( a ,res]ve ,(fic]4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,comm&]',s ,,report ,at ! end ( ea* cal5d> ye> dep>tm5t comm&]s & *iefs ( /aff corps & dep>tm5ts compile li/s ( memb]s ( ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps "u _! comm&1 %[+3 7a7 ,"n1 rank1 age1 & address4 7b7 ,am\nt ( in/ruction receiv$4 7c7 ,progress made4 7d7 ,effici5cy ( (fic]4 7e7 ,recomm5dation4 ,a copy ( ^! li/s w be =w>d$ to ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army4 ,! rema9d] ( ?is *apt] boils d[n to an irr$ucible m9imum "s ( ! mo/ important subjects ) :i* a ,res]ve ,(fic] or an applicant = a commission 9 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps %\ld be famili>4 ,x emphasizes ^? ?+s ) :i* a res]ve (fic] %\ld at once become famili>4,a ,x m]ely op5s up a broad field ( /udy = a res]ve (fic] & at ! same "t c be us$ z a place ( ref]5ce4 ,,! ,,l& ,,=ces ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,y n[ are1 or expect to become1 a memb] ( ! l& =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( :at d ! l& =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates consi/8 ,!y consi/ ( ! ,regul> ,army1 ! ,volunte] ,army1 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,enli/$ ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,national ,army1 ! ,national ,gu>d 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & su* o!r l& =ces z ,congress may au?orize4 ,! l& =ces are gr\p$ "u two g5]al heads3 7#a7 ,! ,mobile ,army4 7#b7 ,! ,coa/ ,artill]y4 ,! ,mobile ,army4 ,! mobile army is prim>ily organiz$ = (f5sive op]ations aga9/ an enemy1 & on ?is acc\nt requires ! maximum degree ( mobility4 7,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,x consi/s (3 ,infantry4 ,field ,artill]y4 ,cavalry4 ,eng9e]s4 ,signal ,corps ,troops4 ,! ,coa/ ,artill]y4 ,! coa/ artill]y is *>g$ ) ! c>e & use ( ! fix$ & movable elem5ts ( ! l& & coa/ =tifications4 7,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,army4 ,he ex]cises 8 comm& ?r\gh ! ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,! ,*ief ( ,/aff acts z milit>y advis] to ! ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,he puts into effect ! ,adm9i/ration's wi%es4 ,= ! purpose ( equipp+1 inspect+1 direct+1 & adm9i/]+ to ! ,army1 !re are ! foll[+ corps & dep>tm5ts3 7#a7 ,g5]al ,/aff ,corps4 7#b7 ,adjutant ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t4 7#c7 ,inspector ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t4 7#d7 ,judge ,advocate ,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t4 7#e7 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps4 7#f7 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t4 7#g7 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 7#h7 ,bureau ( ,insul> ,affairs4 7#i7 ,signal ,corps4 7#aj7 ,eng9e] ,corps4 ,! foll[+ are ! grades ( rank & comm&s ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s3 7#a7 ,g5]al ,comm&s3 ,armies4 7#b7 ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,comm&s3 ,field ,army4 7#c7 ,major-,g5]al ,comm&s3 ,division4 7#d7 ,brigadi]-,g5]al ,comm&s3 ,brigade4 7#e7 ,colonel ,comm&s3 ,regim5t4 7#f7 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,second 9 comm& 9 a ,regim5t4 7#g7 ,major ,comm&s3 ,battalion4 7#h7 ,capta9 ,comm&s3 ,company4 7#i7 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant ,comm&s3 ,platoon4 7#aj7 ,second ,lieut5ant ,comm&s3 ,platoon4 7#aa7 ,vet]9>ian ,he has no comm&4 7#ab7 ,cadet at ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy ,he has no comm&4 7#ac7 ,s]geant-,major 7,regim5tal7 ,he has no comm&4 7#ad7 ,ordnance ,s]geant ,he has no comm&4 7#ae7 ,qu>t]ma/] ,s]geant ,he has no comm&4 7#af7 ,s]geant-,major 7,battalion7 ,he has no comm&4 7#ag7 ,fir/ ,s]geant ,comm&s3 ,platoon4 7#ah7 ,s]geant ,comm&s3 ,sometimes a ,platoon4 7#ai7 ,corporal ,comm&s3 ,squad4 ,,articles ,,( ,,w> ,! ,army is gov]n$ by ! ,articles ( ,w>1 :i* c be f\nd 9 ! ,army ,regulations4 ,any laws1 ord]s1 et cet]a1 p]ta9+ to ! ,army mu/ n violate directly or indirectly any ( ! ,articles ( ,w>4 ,x is !re=e desirable t ea* ,res]ve ,(fic] "k :]e to f9d !m & become1 9 a g5]al way1 famili> ) !m4 ,,g5]al ,,advice ,to become a fir/-class drillma/] is desirable & necess>y4 ,b1 be+ "o1 y are n to be intru/$ ) ! comm& ( troops 9 ! field unless y h gone mu* f>!r ?an t4 ,to become an excell5t drillma/] means simply t y h ma/]$ a detail4 ,9 ord] to become "o y %\ld be> ?is 9 m9d3 ,y _c tea* a man h[ to d a ?+ unless y "k t ?+ y\rself4 ,if y don't "k y\r drill1 don't try to bluff y\r m54 ,burn ! midnight oil1 or rema9 a private4 ,,milit>y ,,correspond5ce ,an (ficial lett] %\ld ref] to "o subject only4 ,9 writ+ to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t address y\r lett] to ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 7includ+ colonies7 is divid$ into ! foll[+ dep>tm5ts3 7#a7 ,! ,nor!a/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) headqu>t]s at ,gov]nors ,isl&1 ,new ,york4 7#c7 ,! ,s\!a/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 7#d7 ,! ,c5tral ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 7#e7 ,! ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,=t ,sam ,h\/on1 ,texas4 7#f7 ,! ,we/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia4 7#g7 ,! ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,manila4 ,p4 ,i4 7#h7 ,! ,hawaiian ,dep>tm5t1 ) ,headqu>t]s at ,honolulu1 ,hawaii4 ,y w be 9 "o ( ^! dep>tm5ts4 ,address y\r communication to ,! ,comm&+ ,g5]al at 8 dep>tm5t headqu>t]s4 ,answ] all (ficial communications promptly4 ,?is is important4 ,lett]s mu/ be writt51 fold$1 sign$ z prescrib$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,models illu/rat+ ! sy/em are furni%$ by ! ,adjutant ,g5]al's (fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,ind4 is ! abbreviation = indorsem5t4 7,correspond5ce ,model7 ,,company ,b1 #dj,,? ,,infantry1 ,=t ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 ,alaska1 ,july #ai1 #aiaf4 ,f3 ,! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,co4 ,b1 #dj? ,inf4 ,to3 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army 7,?r\gh milit>y *annels47 ,subject3 ,philipp9e campaign badge1 ,corporal ,john ,doe4 ,inclos$ are li/s 9 duplicate ( ! enli/$ m5 ( ,company ,b1 #dj? infantry1 entitl$ to ! ,philipp9e campaign badge4 ,john ,a4 ,br[n1 ,capt41 #dj? ,inf4 #a/ ,ind4 ,hq4 ,ft4 ,william ,h4 ,sew>d1 ,alaska1 ,july #ai?1 #aiaf4-- ,to ! ,comdg4 ,g541 ,we/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia4 ,a4 ,f4 ,r41 ,brig4-,g541 ,comdg4 #b;d ,ind4 7,incl4 is ! abbreviation = inclosure47 7,/amp7 ,rec'd ,we/]n ,dep>tm5t1 ,july #cj1 #aiaf4 7,note4 ,?is correspond5ce is n complete b x illu/rates h[ to write a milit>y lett] & indorsem5t47 ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,comb9$ ,,arms ,e effici5t (fic] mu/ realize ! possibilities & limitations ( 8 own arm ( ! s]vice z well z ! possibilities & limitations ( ! o!r arms4 ,ea* arm ( ! s]vice is necess>y & important4 ,a prop] und]/&+ ( ! use ( ! comb9$ arms is z ess5tial to success 9 battle z cooep]ation betwe5 ! diff]5t memb]s ( a football team is to its success4 ,don't knock any arm b ! "o y are 91 & don't knock t unless y are will+ to admit y are n man en\gh to improve x4 ,,infantry ,! infantry is ! pr9cipal & mo/ important arm1 :i* is *>g$ ) ! ma9 "w on ! field ( battle & x usually decides ! f9al issue ( ! combat4 7,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,! role 7duty or job7 ( ! infantry1 :e!r (f5sive or def5sive1 is ! role ( ! entire =ce4 ,if x fails1 all fail4 ,:5 prop]ly support$ by artill]y1 tra9$ infantrym5 arm$ ) rifles1 bayonets1 & ! w to put ! enemy out ( action1 w settle all issues4 ,,artill]y ,! *ief duty ( ! artill]y is to support ! infantry4 ,x does ?is 9 ?ree ways3 #a/1 ,by fir+ at ! ho/ile infantry4 #b;d1 ,by putt+ out ( action ! ho/ile artill]y s t x _c fire at ! infantry4 #c;d1 ,by demoli%+ ! ob/acles 9 front ( ! enemy's works4 ,x smo!rs ! enemy ) a curta9 ( fire1 s t ! infantry c move =w>d )\t ru9\s losses4 ,cooep]ation ) ! infantry is ess5tial4 ,if ! infantry is defeat$ ! artill]y cov]s its )drawal2 if ! infantry is successful ! artill]y moves =w>d & assi/s 9 reap+ ! full rew>d ( victory by fir+ on ! flee+ enemy4 ,! pres5t ,european ,w> has greatly increas$ ! pre/ige & importance ( ?is arm ( ! s]vice4 ,! am\nt ( artill]y on ! ,we/]n front & ! am\nt ( ammunition consum$ daily is appall+4 ,,cavalry ,?is v important arm is ! eye ) :i* ! g5]al sees = _m miles to ! front & flank4 ,9 an advance x pu%es ahead1 combs ! c\ntry = ! enemy1 disp]ses 8 cavalry1 & ?us protects ! infantry 9 ! re>4 ,x locates ! enemy1 & occupies 8 att5tion until ! infantry comes up4 ,x protects ! flanks & re> ( ! infantry & artill]y dur+ ! fight4 ,if ne$$1 x jo9s 9 ! fight4 ,if ! infantry is defeat$ x cov]s ! )drawal1 & if ! infantry w9s x pursues & p\nces ^u ! enemy4 ,,ma*9e ,,guns ,be=e ! pres5t ,european ,w>1 ma*9e guns 7 classifi$ z em]g5cy weapons4 ,x 0 n believ$ t !y c\ld rema9 long 9 action1 because !y w\ld soon be sil5c$ by ho/ile fire 7artill]y & infantry74 ,x 0 recomm5d$1 !re=e1 t a favorable opportunity be await$ be=e op5+ fire :i* 0 to be deliv]$ ) _! utmo/ effectiv5ess4 ,!y 7 believ$ to possess v limit$ possibilities 9 an attack+ l9e1 hut z be+ mo/ valuable 9 def5sive works :]e protection & concealm5t c\ld be f\nd4 ,dur+ ?is w> !y h lo/1 z a def5sive weapon1 no pre/ige4 ,!y h also prov$ ( great value to ! attack+ side4 ,!y are be+ made light & portable to accompany ! fir+ l9e 9 an attack4 ,! supply ( ammunition alone limits ! numb] t c be us$4 ,ea* side 9 ! pres5t w> has us$ !m by ! ?\s&s ) effectiv5ess4 ,ma*9e guns are m wor?y ( consid]ation to-day ?an h]et(ore4 ,,bombs ,,& ,,h& ,,gr5ades ,! pres5t ,european ,w> has reviv$ ! use ( h& gr5ades & bombs4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( soldi]s 9 ea* ,briti% & ,fr5* battalion are tra9$ z gr5ade ?r[]s4 ,_! pr9cipal weapon is a bucket or bag ( gr5ades or bombs4 ,!y op]ate n only f tr5*es b accompany ! fir+ l9e 9 an attack & dispose ( %elt]$ or isolat$ gr\p ( ! enemy by smo!r+ _! position ) a %[] ( h& gr5ades or bombs4 ,^! weapons are 9 ! fir/ /ages ( developm5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y (f] to ! s]vice practically a virg9 field ( opportunities4 ,"s ,res]ve ,(fic]s might make a specialty ( ?is subject & assi/ 9 its developm5t4 ,,night ,,op]ations ,by employ+ night op]ations troops make use ( ! cov] ( d>kness to m9imize losses f ho/ile fire1 to escape obs]vation1 to ga9 "t4 7,infantry ,drill ,regulations47 ,!y are dang]\s because control is difficult & confusion is frequ5tly unavoidable4 ,only tra9$ troops %\ld be us$1 & ! =mation mu/ be simple4 ,don't attempt any?+ complicat$4 ,obs]ve ! foll[+ sugge/ions4 ,= an attack or (f5sive movem5t3 7#a7 ,/udy by daylight & aft] d>k1 if possible1 ! gr\nd y are to cross4 7#b7 ,make c>eful prep>ations ) secrecy4 7#c7 ,avoid fire action4 ,pieces %\ld n be load$4 ,rely on ! bayonet4 7#d7 ,give ea* unit a def9ite objective & direction4 ,avoid collision4 7#e7 ,h ea* man we> a di/9ctive badge4 7,= in/ance1 a :ite b& on "o arm47 ,if on ! def5sive & y expect a night attack1 place ob/acles 9 front ( y\r position1 heavily patrol y\r front1 fix bayonets1 move up y\r supports1 op5 fire z soon z results may be expect$1 & illum9ate ! =egr\nd4 ,,ob/acles ,! ma9 object 9 plac+ ob/acles 9 front ( a def5sive position is to delay ! enemy :ile he is "u ! def5d]s' fire1 & ?us make 8 advance z difficult z possible4 ,to accompli% ?is result !y mu/ be s plac$ t ! enemy mu/ cross !m4 ,!y mu/ n int]f]e ) ! def5d]s' view or fire2 !y mu/ n be easily de/roy$ by artill]y fire2 !y mu/ n af=d concealm5t to ! enemy2 & !y mu/ be s made t !y w n ob/ruct a c\nt] attack on ! "p ( ! def5d]s4 ,! pres5t w> has demon/rat$ t ! b>b wire entanglem5t fulfils m ( ^! requirem5ts ?an any o!r =m ( ob/acle4--,see ,eng9e] ,dep>tm5t's ,manual on ,field ,=tifications on h[ to con/ruct ob/acles4 ,,meet+ ,,engagem5ts ,:5 two ho/ile =ces sudd5ly meet we h :at is t]m$ a meet+ engagem5t4 ,v little or no reconnaissance is possible4 ,!re is an abs5ce ( tr5*es4 ,bo? sides deploy rapidly4 ,! small] ! =ce ! m frequ5tly w x fight a meet+ engagem5t4 ,!re=e1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to junior (fic]s4 ,a great advantage w accrue to ! side :i* c deploy ! fa/]4 ,! lead] :o has intuition1 initiative1 :o c make a quick decision & is will+ to take a long *ance1 w h a great advantage4 ,,)drawal ,,f ,,action ,! )drawal ( a defeat$ =ce c g5]ally be effect$ only at a heavy co/4 7,infantry ,drill ,regulations47 ,:5 a )drawal is necess>y1 make e possible ef=t to place di/ance & a re> gu>d betwe5 y & ! enemy4 ,h "o "p ( y\r l9e )draw "u protection ( ! fire ( ! o!r "p & s on4 ,reorganize y\r comm& z soon z possible4 ,,intr5*m5ts ,ord9>ily infantry intr5*es itself :5ev] x is compell$ to halt = a consid]able "t 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 7,infantry ,drill ,regulations47 ,tr5*es are con/ruct$ ) a view ( giv+ cov] :i* w dim9i% losses1 b !y mu/ n be s built or plac$ z to int]f]e ) ! free use ( ! rifle4 ,a good field ( fire is ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,! con/ruction ( a tr5* is simple1 b ! location ( x is difficult4 ,if possible1 tr5*es are laid out 9 company l5g?s4 ,intr5*m5ts usually take ! foll[+ =m3 7#a7 ,ha/y ,cov]4 ,con/ruct$ by troops ) ! tools !y c>ry on _! p]son4 ,x is a %all[ tr5* ) a p>apet at lea/ ?ree feet ?ick & "o foot high4 ,x furni%es cov] aga9/ rifle fire1 b sc>cely any aga9/ %rapnel4 7#b7 ,fire ,tr5*4 ,x %\ld be deep & n>r[ ) ! p>apet flat & conceal$4 ,:ile 9 x1 ! troops fire at ! enemy2 h5ce ! "n fire tr5*4 ,usual =ms ( fire tr5*es are z %[n 9 ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,illu/ration 7#c7 ,support ,tr5*es4 ,! supports sleep & live 9 ^! tr5*es2 h5ce !y are cov]$4 ,! cov] 7ro(7 mu/ be ?ick en\gh to af=d protection f high angle artill]y fire4 ,x is plac$ z ne> ! fire tr5* z possible4 7#d7 ,approa* ,tr5*es4 ,^! connect fire tr5*es ) ! support tr5*es & ! support tr5*es ) any tr5*es 9 re> :]e natural cov]$ communication is impracticable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,a ,,support ,,tr5* ,,& ,,dug\t ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,section ,,( ,a ,,=w>d ,,entr5*$ ,,zone ,,o!rs ,,are ,,9 ,,re> ,!y are zig-zagg$ to escape be+ enfilad$4 7,t is1 to prev5t "o explosion f do+ too mu* damage 9 a s+le tr5*47 ,dur+ an engagem5t1 troops by us+ ^! tr5*es c g safely to ! help ( ! troops 9 ! fire tr5*es4 ,!y are usually deep & n>r[4 7#e7 ,int]m$iate ,tr5*es4 ,!y are con/ruct$ 9 re> ( ! support tr5*es :5 ! gr\nd r5d]s x possible to (f] a /ubborn resi/ance betwe5 ! support & ! res]ve tr5*es4 ,!y are con/ruct$ l fire tr5*es4 7#f7 ,res]ve ,tr5*es4 ,con/ruct$ l ! fire tr5*es & occupi$ by ! local res]ves :o live 9 deep dug-outs4 ,! int]m$iate & res]ve tr5*es are (t5 m]g$ into ! support tr5*es4 ,all are protect$ by b>bwire entanglem5ts4 ,no set plan ( tr5*es c be us$4 ,! topographical features ( ! gr\nd mu/ gov]n4 ,,milit>y ,,maps ,def9ition4 ,a milit>y map is a draw+ made to repres5t "s section ( ! c\ntry1 %[+ ! features t are ( milit>y importance1 su* z roads1 bridges1 /reams1 h\ses1 & hills4 ,! map mu/ be s drawn t y c tell ! di/ance betwe5 any two po9ts1 ! heights ( ! hills1 & ! relative positions ( ev]y?+ %[n4 7,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,9 ! field ! milit>y maps are supplem5t$ by sket*es1 or field maps1 prep>$ f day to day4 ,= facility 9 read+1 milit>y maps are made accord+ to a uni=m sy/em ( scales & cont\r int]vals z foll[s3 ,road ,sket*es4 ,?ree in*es on ! map is equal to #a mile on ! gr\nd1 cont\r int]vals ( #bj feet4 ,position & ,outpo/ ,sket*es4 ,six in*es on ! map arc equal to #a mile on ! gr\nd1 cont\r int]vals ( #aj feet4 ,manoeuv] or ,w> ,game ,maps4 ,twelve in*es on ! map are equal to #a mile on ! gr\nd1 cont\r int]vals ( #e feet4 ,l>ge ,/rategical maps = ,ext5d$ ,manoeuv]s4 ,"o in* on ! map is equal to #a mile on ! gr\nd1 cont\r int]vals ( #fj feet4 ,e (fic] 9 ! ,res]ve ,corps %\ld be able to read a milit>y map & make a road1 an outpo/1 & a position sket*4 ,,bayonet ,importance ( ! ,bayonet4 ,! infantry soldi] is arm$ ) a bayonet4 ,he relies ma9ly on fire action to disable ! enemy1 b he %\ld "k t x is (t5 necess>y = him to cross bayonets ) ! enemy4 ,!re=e he mu/ be in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( ! rifle & ! bayonet 9 h&-to-h& enc\nt]s4 ,! pres5t ,european ,w> is demon/rat+ ! importance ( ?is in/ruction4 ,if y did n receive in/ruction 9 bayonet fight+ at a f$]al tra9+ camp1 x 0 n because x is unimportant1 b because !re 0 no available "t to give x4 ,any ,res]ve ,(fic] c well af=d to specialize 9 ?is "w4 ,,ammunition ,an infantry soldi] goes into battle c>ry+ #bbj r\nds ( rifle ammunition4 ,he habitually c>ries 9 8 belt #ajj r\nds & :5 a fight is imm95t he gets #abj r\nds 7#b b&oli]s7 f 8 combat tra94 ,he keeps #cj r\nds 9 ! "r pocket section ( 8 belt to be exp5d$ only :5 ord]$ by an (fic]4 ,a cavalryman goes into battle c>ry+ #aej r\nds ( rifle ammunition & #dj r\nds ( pi/ol ammunition4 ,he habitually c>ries 9 8 belt #ij r\nds ( rifle & #bj r\nds ( pi/ol ammunition4 ,:5 ab\t to g into a fight he gets #fj r\nds ( rifle & #bj r\nds ( pi/ol ammunition f 8 combat tra94 ,all (fic]s mu/ tra9 _! m5 to economize 9 ! use ( ammunition4 ,tra9 s]vice1 ev5 by rail = ammunition1 w\ld be inadequate if ?is 7 n done4 ,,transportation ,organization comm&]s are responsible = all unau?oriz$ mat]ial or supplies t may be put on _! wagons4 ,y %\ld !re=e become acqua9t$ ) ! transportation atta*$ to ! small] organizations4 ,! wagons t c>ry y\r ammunition are call$ ! ,combat ,tra94 ,! wagons t c>ry y\r au?oriz$ baggage1 kit*5 equipm5t1 & food are call$ ! ,field ,tra94 ,,! ,,ration ,a ration is ! all[ance 7money7 = ! subsi/5ce ( "o p]son = "o day4 ,x is bas$ on ! co/ ( a fix$ am\nt ( c]ta9 foods 7su* z meat1 potatoes1 bread1 etc47 necess>y = a work+man4 ,z ! co/ ( food 9 ! diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry v>ies1 s does ! co/ ( ! ration4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( ration bas$ on :at ! soldi] is do+ & ! climate he is 94 ,if y are ev] 9 comm& ( a company1 :e!r 9 ! field or 9 b>racks1 "o ( y\r mo/ important duties w be to sup]vise ! cook+ & mess+ ( y\r company4 ,y %\ld1 !re=e1 become famili> ) ! foll[+ rations3 7#a7 ,g>rison rations4 ,us$ by troops 9 g>rison & dur+ peace & on manoeuv]s4 7#b7 ,res]ve ration4 ,c>ri$ on ! p]son & 9 ! tra9s4 7#c7 ,field ration4 ,! ration prescrib$ by ! comm&] ( a field =ce4 7#d7 ,travel ration4 ,us$ :5 travel+4 7#e7 ,em]g5cy ration4 ,us$ by troops on an active campaign 9 an em]g5cy4 7#f7 ,filip9o ration4 ,= use ( ,filip9o ,sc\ts4 ,,prop]ty ,9 ! abs5ce ( regulations on ! subject1 ea* ,res]ve ,(fic] %\ld own a good wat*1 a pair ( field glasses1 a compass1 & a note book4 ,,gu>d ,,duty ,gu>ds are us$ 9 camp or g>rison to pres]ve ord]1 to protect prop]ty1 & to en=ce police regulations4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic]4 ,he p]=ms 8 duties "u ! sup]vision ( ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,a s5t9el is on po/ two h\rs out ( e six4 ,& a t\r ( gu>d duty is tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,z gu>d duty is ( su* utmo/ importance1 & laxity1 or failure to p]=m x prop]ly1 is v sev]ely puni%$1 ! duties ( all connect$ ) x are cle>ly prescrib$ 9 ! ,gu>d ,manual4 ,ord]s = s5t9els are divid$ into two classes1 g5]al & special4 ,ea* %\ld be memoriz$4 ,special ord]s relate to p>ticul> po/s & duties4 ,g5]al ord]s apply to all s5t9els & are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,to take *>ge ( ?is po/ & all gov]nm5t prop]ty 9 view4 7#b7 ,to walk my po/ 9 a milit>y mann]1 keep+ always on ! al]t & obs]v+ ev]y?+ t takes place )9 sight or he>+4 7#c7 ,to report all violations ( ord]s ,i am in/ruct$ to en=ce4 7#d7 ,to repeat all calls f po/s m di/ant f ! gu>d h\se ?an my own4 7#e7 ,to quit my po/ only :5 prop]ly reliev$4 7#f7 ,to receive1 obey1 & pass on to ! s5t9el :o relieves me all ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only4 7#g7 ,to talk to no "o except 9 l9e ( duty4 7#h7 ,9 case ( fire or disord] to give ! al>m4 7#i7 ,to all[ no "o to commit a nuisance on or ne> my po/4 7#aj7 ,9 any case n cov]$ by in/ructions to call ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 7#aa7 ,to be especially wat*ful at night1 &1 dur+ ! "t = *all5g+1 to *all5ge all p]sons on or ne> my po/1 & to all[ no "o to pass )\t prop] au?ority4 7,gu>d ,manual47 ,,salut+ ,salut+ di/ance is t )9 :i* recognition is easy4 ,9 g5]al x does n exce$ ?irty paces4 ,a junior1 :o is m\nt$1 dism\nts be=e address+ a s5ior :o is dism\nt$4 ,if ! s5ior is m\nt$ ! junior does n dism\nt :5 address+ him4 ,a junior (fic] walks or rides on ! left ( 8 s5ior4 ,national ,an!m4 ,:5ev] ! ,national ,an!m is play$ at any place :5 p]sons belong+ to ! milit>y s]vice are pres5t all (fic]s & enli/$ m5 n 9 =mation %\ld /& at att5tion fac+ t[>d ! music 7except at retreat1 :5 !y %\ld face t[>d ! flag74 ,if 9 uni=m1 cov]$1 !y %all salute at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 reta9+ ! position ( salute until ! la/ note ( ! an!m4 ,if uncov]$1 /& at att5tion b d n salute4 ,if n 9 uni=m & cov]$ !y %all uncov] at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 hold+ ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] & s rema9 until its close1 except t 9 inclem5t wea!r ! headdress may be slightly rais$4 ,! same rules apply :5 to ! color or to ! /&>d is s\nd$ z :5 ! ,national ,an!m is play$4 ,:5 play$ by an ,army b&1 ! ,national ,an!m %all be play$ ?r\gh )\t repetition ( any "p n requir$ to be repeat$ to make x complete4 ,! same m>ks ( respect prescrib$ = obs]vance dur+ ! play+ ( ! ,national ,an!m ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be %[n t[>d ! national an!m ( any o!r c\ntry :5 play$ ^u (ficial occasions4 ,colors or ,/&>ds4 ,colors are ! national & regim5tal flags ( foot troops4 ,/&>ds are ! national & regim5tal flags ( cavalry or field artill]y4 ,:5 pass+ colors or /&>ds1 uncas$ 7n 9 a wat]pro( case71 ! prescrib$ salute mu/ always be r5d]$4 ,by ! prescrib$ salute is meant1 if un>m$ or arm$ ) a sab] :i* is %ea!d1 ! h& salute2 if arm$ ) a drawn sab]1 ! pres5t sab]4 ,if y1 we>+ civilian dress1 pass !m1 uncov] & hold ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] ) ! "r h&4 ,,books#c ,we recomm5d t all (fic]s1 non-commission$ (fic]s & all privates :o propose to "w = advancem5t read ! foll[+ books4 ,all c probably be obta9$ f ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ! ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,any o!r milit>y books 7desir$ c be pur*as$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,infantry ,association1 ,union ,tru/ ,build+1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 7#a7 ,! ,milit>y ,policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,g54 ,e4 ,upton4 7#b7 ,! ,gu>d ,manual1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 7#c7 ,! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 7#d7 ,! ,drill ,regulations ( ! arm ( ! s]vice to :i* y are assign$4 7#e7 ,non-commission$ ,(fic]s' ,manual 7,w> ,dep>tm5t ,publication74 7#f7 ,fir/ ,aid to ! ,sick & ,injur$ 7,w> ,dep>tm5t ,publication74 7#g7 ,army ,regulations 7to be us$ z a book ( ref]5ce :5 ne$$74 7#h7 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,regulations 7,w> ,dep>tm5t ,publication74 7#i7 ,a ,manual = ,c\rts-,m>tial1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army4 ,x is highly desirable = e ,res]ve ,(fic] to place 8 "n on ! mail+ li/ at ! ,army ,s]vice ,s*ool1 ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,?is co/s ab\t #a a ye> & 9 return ! (fic] receives mu* valuable in=mation4 ,write to ! ,secret>y = any fur!r in=mation desir$ on ?is subject4 ,,field ,,ord]s ,field ord]s1 :e!r writt5 or oral1 %\ld foll[ a c]ta9 =m4 ,?is decreases ! probability ( any vital "p be+ left out & increases ! probability ( ! receiv] or read] und]/&+ x4 ,9 ! foll[+ =m = an advance1 note ! ord] 9 :i* ! p>agraphs occur4 ,?is is v important4 ,,= ,,an ,,advance ,field ,ord]s 7,title7 ,no4 ---- 7,place7 7,ref]5ce to map us$7 7,date & ,h\r7 7#a7 7,in=mation ( enemy & ( our ,troops support+ troops7 7#b7 7,plan ( comm&]7 7a7 ,indep5d5t 7#c7 7a7 7,in/ructions = indep5d5t ,cavalry3 cavalry-place & "t ( dep>ture1 7,comm&]7 roads or c\ntry to be 7,troops7 cov]$1 special mission7 7b7 ,advance ,gu>d3 7b7 7,in/ructions = advance 7,comm&]7 gu>d-place & "t ( dep>ture1 or di/ance at :i* x is to 7,troops7 prec$e ! ma9 body1 r\te1 special mission7 7c7 ,ma9 ,body--9 ord] 7c7 7,in/ructions = ma9 body--di/ance ( m>*3 at :i* x is to foll[ 7,comm&]7 ! advance gu>d1 or place & "t ( dep>ture7 7d7 ,"r 7left7 ,flank 7d7 7,in/ructions = flank gu>d--place ,gu>d3 & "t ( dep>ture1 7,comm&]7 r\te1 special mission7 7,troops7 7e7 ,signal ,troops3 7e7 7,in/ructions = signal troops--l9es 7,comm&]7 ( in=mation to be e/abli%$1 special mission7 7x7 7,in/ructions = outpo/--:5 reliev$ subsequ5t duties7 7#d7 7,in/ructions = field tra9--escort1 di/ance 9 re> ( column1 or de/9ation :5 diff]5t f t ( ma9 body1 if disposition n previ\sly cov]$ 9 ,ord]s7 7,in/ructions = sanit>y1 ammunition1 supply & eng9e] tra9s :5 necess>y7 7#e7 7,place ( comm&] or :]e messages may be s5t7 7,h[ & to :om issu$7 7,au!ntication7 ,notice 9 p>ticul> t ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! body ( ! ord] is ! in=mation ( ! enemy & ( support+ or fri5dly troops2 #b;d1 ! plan2 #c;d1 ! detail$ in/ruction = execut+ ! plan2 #d?1 ! ord] to field tra92 #e?1 ! place :]e ! comm&] c be f\nd4 ,all ord]s1 :e!r = a retreat1 an attack1 a def5se1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an outpo/ & s on1 %\ld take ?is g5]al =m4 ,a ,,model ,,ord] ,,= ,,an ,,advance ,field ,ord]s ,hq4 #a/ ,brigade1 #a/ ,division1 ,no4 #f ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ,?ree in* ,leav5wor? #bj ,aug4 '#jh1 #h ,p4 ,m4 ,map 7#a7 ,two regim5ts ( ho/ile infantry ,troops are report$ to h occupi$ ,valley 7a7 ,advance ,gu>d3 ,falls late ?is aft]noon1 en r\te = ,major ,a4 ,ea/on4 ,small ho/ile cavalry patrols #a/ ,bn #h mtd4 ord]lies1 7 se5 two miles ea/ ( ,valley #a/ ,inf4 ,falls at #f ,p4 ,m4 to-day4 #a/4 ,plat4 ,tr4 ,a4 ,! rema9d] ( our division is expect$ #g? ,cavalry to rea* ,=t ,leav5wor? 7b7 ,ma9 ,body----9 ord] to-morr[4 ( ,m>*3 7#b7 ,?is brigade 7less ! #c;d ,inf4 ,colonel ,b4 :i* has be5 direct$ to hold ! #a/4 ,inf4 7less #a/ ,bn47 ,miss\ri riv] cross+ at ,=t ,leav5wor?7 #b;d ,infantry w m>* to-morr[ to ,deta*m5t #c;d ,f4 ,ea/on to hold ! cross+s ( ! ,hosp4 ,big ,/rang] creek4 7#c7 7a7 ,! advance gu>d w cle> ,d at #e-ae ,a4 ,m41 m>*+ via ! ,e--,g--,at*ison ,pike--#a--gd--gh--hj--,q--,r--,ea/on road4 ,patrols w be s5t via ,l[emont to reconnoit] ! cross+s ( ! ,big ,/rang] ne> ,millwood & via ,m\nt ,olivet to reconnoit] ^? ne> #aad4 7b7 ,! ma9 body w foll[ at a di/ance ( ab\t #gjj y>ds4 7#d7 ,! baggage tra9 7less t ( ! #c;d ,inf471 escort$ by "o squad1 #b;d ,inf41 w />t f ,d at #f-ae ,a4 ,m4 & foll[ to ,p :]e x w await fur!r ord]s4 7#e7 ,reports w rea* ! brigade comm&] at ! head ( ! ma9 body4 ,by comm& ( ,brig4-,g54 ,x3 ,y1 ,adjt4 ,g54 ,copies by ,adjutant to ,col4 ,b4 #a/ ,inf4 ,col4 ,c4 #b;d ,inf4 ,col4 ,d4 #c;d ,inf4 ,maj4 ,a4 #a/ ,inf4 ,capt4 ,e4 ,tr4 ,a #g? ,cav4 ,capt4 ,f4 ,hospital ,corps4 ,,g5]al ,,ideas ,,& ,,rules ,,= ,,solv+ ,,milit>y ,,problems ,! cave man knock$ ov] 8 foe ) a rude club4 ,! op]ation is greatly ref9$ to-day4 ,! te*nique ( w> *anges ) ! ages1 b human nature rema9s ! same4 ,:e!r ) gr5ade or gas1 f subm>9e or a]oplane1 a man aft] all possible woe & suff]+ is no m ?an kill$4 ,human nature w submit to losses 9 battle up to a c]ta9 po9t1 aft] t ! frailties are ass]t$4 ,! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation dom9ates4 ,organization & discipl9e & reason are dissipat$4 ,a condition ensues simil> to t :i* we h 9 !at]s dur+ fires4 ,napoleon's success z a milit>y lead] 0 due to 8 k ( m5 & h[ to h&le !m1 common s5se1 & 9 a less] degree to :at he le>n$ f books4 ,^u su* a basis ! "y manag]s ( indu/rial conc]ns w\ld be mo/ valuable mat]ial f :i* to select & tra9 successful milit>y lead]s4 ,!y "k m51 & x is necess>y to possess a _w ( common s5se to acquire any su* k4 ,_m ( ^? elem5ts t make success 9 a milit>y man are exactly ! same z ^? t make a man successful any:]e4 ,a presid5t ( a univ]sity1 a lawy] or bank] or m]*ant or eng9e]1 has exactly ! same k9d ( daily problems to solve1 & requires mu* ! same tal5ts z ^? possess$ by a milit>y lead]4 ,s9ce success 9 battle is ! ?+ at :i* we are driv+ 9 all milit>y tra9+1 x is common s5se to prep>e a ma*9e t w d ! bus9ess4 ,e (fic] & noncommission$ (fic] has got to "k h[ to play ! game4 ,a good private makes a good corporal1 a good corporal makes a good s]geant1 a good s]geant makes a good lieut5ant--a good colonel makes a good brigadi] g5]al--all exactly z 9 civil life4 ,prussia has _h h] greate/ milit>y success :5 %e devot$ h] en]gies to manoeuv]s & to ! solution ( tactical problems4 ,h] defeats & humiliations h come :5 %e has neglect$ ?is "w4 ,& !re's no?+ my/]i\s ab\t ! way ,prussia or ,napoleon or anybody else has solv$ _! milit>y problems4 ,no occult =ces are involv$1 any m ?an !re is 9 build+ a canal or hunt+ tig]s4 ,! real g5]al is1 9 a s5se1 a po/graduate hunt]1 or an advanc$1 all-,am]ican qu>t]back4 ,"o phase ( ! milit>y "w is significant & %\ld cause reflection4 ,! puni%m5t = errors 9 w> is v sev]e4 ,a lead] :o makes mi/akes may n only pay = !m ) 8 own blood b o!rs too may suff] ) him4 ,9 w> we mu/ obey our lead]s :e!r !y are "r or wrong4 ,h[ great1 d y suppose1 are ^? hordes t h be5 sacrific$ on hi/ory's battlefields to ! goddess ( ignorance8 ,napoleon says 9 "o ( 8 maxims1 ,read & r]ead ! campaigns ( ,alex&]1 ,caes>1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ,turr5ne1 ,eug5e1 & ,fr$]ick2 take !m = y\r model2 t is ! only way ( becom+ a great capta91 to obta9 ! secrets ( ! art ( w>4 ,to read m intellig5tly su* hi/ory we %\ld "k some?+ ab\t solv+ problems 9 m9or tactics4 ,we mu/ "k h[ to solve su* problems if we are to ma/] our duties z (fic]s4 ,:e!r1 z g5]al or corporal1 y are solv+ a problem on a map or on ! gr\nd1 y\r me?ods w be1 9 pr9ciple1 ! same4 ,9 ! =m] case y\r soldi]s und]/& ?or\ghly all ord]s & d exactly z direct$4 ,9 ! latt] case y\r soldi]s are human4 ,!y get tir$ & sick4 ,!y g 9 ! wrong directions & get lo/ sometimes4 ,"o =gets1 ano!r is late1 & ! ?ird mis9t]prets an ord]1 etc4 ,"h is ! common-s5se way 9 :i* an all-,am]ican qu>t]back p]=ms 8 duties4 ,he /udies c>efully ! oppos+ team 7enemy7 by reports be=eh& & on ! field ( ! conte/1 to det]m9e 8 weak & /rong po9ts4 ,! latt] he wi%es to avoid 9 direct+ 8 attack4 ,he consid]s 8 position on ! field1 ! w9d & wea!r1 if ra9+1 etc41 & !n 8 diff]5t plays to hit ! weak] p>ts ( ! oppos+ l9e ) ! advantages & disadvantages ( ea*4 ,to 8 well-tra9$ m9d all ?is is done 9 a fla%1 b ! logic & causes & effects ( action are none ! less pres5t4 ,?is qu>t]back has analyz$ ! conditions ( 8 problems1 he has figur$ out :at he is up aga9/2 t is to say1 he has e/imat$ ! situation4 ,he is n[ ready = a decision4 ,he det]m9es :]e he is go+ to /rike & ) :at k9d ( a play he w d x4 ,he gives a signal1 #dd--aa--ag--e4 ,t is to say1 he issues 8 ord]s4 ,t is exactly ! way a milit>y man1 :e!r he be a corporal or a g5]al1 goes ab\t h&l+ a problem1 :e!r on pap] or on ! gr\nd4 ,:5 he goes into battle he f9ds ! only diff]5ce is t ! problem is complicat$ by bullets & excitem5t4 ,don't ?9k t y are go+ to le>n to solve problems f books alone1 any m ?an y c le>n to play t5nis or build bridges on pap]4 ,y h got to get out into ! c\ntry & "w ) actual troops4 ,b fir/ /udy map problems4 ,come to a decision sl[ly until y h _h consid]able practice1 !n write out y\r ord] ) no guides or ref]5ces4 ,!n *eck y\rself up4 ,common s5se & simple plans are ! safe/ guides4 ,to frame a suitable field ord] y mu/ make an e/imate ( ! situation1 culm9at+ 9 a decision ^u a def9ite plan ( action4 ,y mu/ !n actually draft or ^w ! ord]s :i* w c>ry y\r decision into effect4 ,,! ,,logical ,,way ,,to ,,e/imate ,,! ,,situation #a/4 ,consid] exactly :at y are to d1 i4e41 y\r mission z set =? 9 ! ord]s or in/ructions "u :i* y are act+ or z d$uc$ by y f y\r k ( ! situation4 #b;d4 ,consid] all available in=mation ( ! enemy4 ,:at is 8 /r5g?8 ,h[ is he situat$8 ,:at is he go+ to d8 etc4 #c;d4 ,consid] all conditions affect+ y\r own troops4 ,:at advantages 9 numb]s & position h y ov] ! enemy8 ,:at is _! morale8 etc4 #d?4 ,consid] ! t]ra9 9 s f> z x affects ! situation4 #e?4 ,consid] ! v>i\s plans ( action op5 to y & decide ^u ! "o t w be/ enable y to accompli% y\r mission 7c>ry out y\r task72 t is to say1 come to a decision4 ,x is n[ necess>y to express t decision 9 ! =m ( an ord] z ! qu>t]back did 9 giv+ ! signal1 #dd--aa--ag--e4 ,to enable ! w ( ! comm&] to be quickly und]/ood1 & to secure prompt cooep]ation among 8 subord9ates1 field ord]s are requir$ to foll[ a g5]al =m4 ,"u ! /ress & /ra9 ( an engagem5t !re are _m causes ( excitem5t4 ,unless we h tra9$ ourselves to act along c]ta9 l9es 9 issu+ ord]s1 we may =get "s important consid]ations4 ,we h kn[n p ( sup]b intellig5ce to d poorly be=e a l>ge audi5ce simply f lack ( tra9+ & exp]i5ce4 ,,correct ,,proc$ure ,,9 ,,giv+ ,,! ,,ma9 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,field ,,ord] #a/4 ,give ! in=mation ( ! enemy & ( our own support+ troops 7i4e41 ^? :o may come to our assi/ance 9 case ( ne$7 to y\r subord9ates t w give !m a cle> und]/&+ ( ! problem & enable !m intellig5tly to coop]ate ) y4 #b;d4 ,n[ /ate :at y are go+ to d4 ,t is to say1 give y\r plan4 #c;d4 ,next1 h[ y are go+ to put t plan into effect4 ,t is1 ! assignm5t ( duties to ea* subord9ate4 #d?4 ,give in/ructions = ! ammunition tra9s1 /ations = ! slightly w\nd$1 etc4 #e?4 ,/ate :]e y c be f\nd or :]e messages may be s5t4 ,,"s ,,g5]al ,,h9ts ,cle> & decisive ord]s are ! logical result ( def9ite & sure decisions4 ,to guage,b a man's calib] read 8 ord]s4 ,y mu/ n be hazy & indef9ite 9 y\r ord]4 ,y mu/ be cle> & def9ite4 ,be c>eful ab\t y\r phras+ & expressions4 ,an ord] %\ld be l a cablegram3 convey e idea b conta9 no unnecess>y words4 ,don't break up ! squads or platoons or ! companies4 ,keep ! tactical units toge!r z mu* z possible4 ,x is m>vel\s h[ _m mi/akes c occur on ! battlefield4 ,attempt a complicat$ plan & its failure is reasonably assur$4 ,h y\r plan simple4 ,! envelop+ attack is ! be/4 ,t is to say1 h y\r l9e long] ?an ! enemy's s t y c attack "o ( 8 flanks4 ,he kn[s ?is q z well z y & he w endeavor to p]=m ! same op]ation ^u y4 ,! lead]1 all else be+ equal1 :o has ! wit to out-manoeuv] ! o!r w w9 ! engagem5t4 ,z a rule1 an affirmative =m ( expression is us$4 ,su* an ord] z3 ,! supply tra9 w n accompany ! division1 is defective1 because ! gi/ ( ! ord] dep5ds ^u ! s+le ^w n4 ,write y\r ord] s x c be read4 ,don't g ab\t x z ?\gh y 7 a doctor writ+ a prescription4 ,?+s w g wrong if y d4 ,y w f9d "s ( y\r troops mov+ 9 ! wrong direction :5 y ne$ !m badly4 ,be brief4 ,%ort s5t5ces are good4 ,!y are cle>4 ,conjectures1 expectations1 & reasons = measures adopt$ are weak4 ,!y d n inspire confid5ce4 ,!y %\ld be avoid$4 ,accept ! entire responsibility ( y\r comm&4 ,if ?+s g wrong1 x's y\r fault4 ,correct !m4 ,a l>ge numb] ( milit>y m5 make x _! p>ticul> bus9ess to f9d faults 9 o!rs1 ) sc>cely a ?\ght = _! own4 ,don't jo9 ?is club4 ,rev]se ! matt]4 ,avoid su* expressions z attempt to capture1 try to hold1 z f> z possible1 z well z y c1 etc4 ,tell a man :at he is to d4 ,don't divide any responsibility ) any "o4 ,(fic]s & m5 ( all ranks & grades are giv5 a c]ta9 indep5d5ce 9 ! execution ( ! tasks to :i* !y are assign$ & are expect$ to %[ initiative 9 meet+ ! diff]5t situations z !y arise4 ,e individual1 f ! highe/ comm&] to ! l[e/ private1 mu/ always rememb] t inaction & neglect ( opportunities w w>rant sev]e c5sure4 ,d some?+ t w help c>ry out ! plans ( y\r comm&]4 ,! ,japanese regulations caution _! comm&]s to avoid inaction & hesitation4 ,if y 7 hunt+ tig]s & p]mitt$ a w\nd$ "o to move to y\r re> & spr+ ^u y1 unaw>e ( its pres5ce1 y w\ld probably pay a heavy price = n be+ on ! al]t4 ,= a milit>y lead] to be caught unaw>es is unp>donable4 ,napoleon said 9 ano!r ( 8 maxims3 if ! enemy's army 7 to appe> on my front1 or on my "r or left1 :at w\ld ,i d8 ,if ! "q is difficult = ! comm&] to answ]1 8 troops are n only poorly plac$ b are poorly l$4 ,don't let y\r =ce be divid$ up into deta*m5ts & roam all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,?is is a v common error ) beg9n]s4 ,avoid disp]sion4 ,keep y\r troops toge!r4 ,y _c fire on ! battlefield ) ! same accuracy z y d on ! t>get range4 ,fe> dilates ! pupil ( ! eye4 ,m5 _c %oot well :5 !y are "u great excitem5t4 ,don't c\nt on kill+ too _m ( ! enemy ) a c>load ( ammunition4 ,nev] =get t ,fire ,sup]iority is ! ?+ t w9s battles4 ,if y let ! o!r fell[ get x & keep x1 he's go+ to w91 n y4 ,don't trespass ^u ! prov9ce ( a subord9ate4 ,he w h&le 8 job if y w h&le y\rs4 ,rememb] t y\r flanks are j z vuln]able z ! enemy's4 ,he has 8 eyes on y\r flanks j z mu* z y are obs]v+ & consid]+ 8 own4 ,keep cool ab\t />t+ ! action4 ,don't put all y\r m5 9 be=e y und]/& ?or\ghly ! condition confront+ y4 ,hold a l>ge "p ( y\r =ce out z supports & res]ves until y "k def9itely ! enemy's position4 ,don't get kill$ unless necess>y2 y\r usefulness to ! ,/ate comes to an end :5 t occurs4 ,take advantage ( cov]1 hug ! gr\nd4 ,le>n :at is good & :at is poor cov]4 ,x is a common fault to =get ab\t ! s]vice ( in=mation once ! action has begun4 ,keep up y\r patroll+4 ,keep y\rself po/$ on :at ! enemy is ab\t4 ,o!rwise he may h "s unpleasant surprise = y4 ,be p>ticul>ly c>eful ab\t details ( "t & place4 ,regulate y\r wat* by ! "t kept at headqu>t]s4 ,:5 y've got ! enemy on ! run don't let up = an in/ant4 ,pursue him )\t m]cy4 ,turn 8 retreat into a r\t4 ,capture or de/roy 8 =ces4 ,sc>cely any ( ^! ?+s we are tell+ y are new4 ,!y are z old z w> itself4 ,! box] ( a ?\s& ye>s f n[ may "k a little m ab\t ! te*nique ( ! game1 b ! ess5tials w n *ange4 ,to we> ! *ampion's belt1 he w h to suff] "s lu/y bl[s & be able himself to deliv] "s m p[]ful4 ,!re w be no easy road to ! title4 ,s x is ) all w>s4 ,,summ>y ,we recomm5d t ea* (fic] become famili> ) ! foll[+ summ>y3 #a4 ,avoid combats t (f] no *ance ( victory or o!r valuable results4 #b4 ,make e ef=t = ! success ( ! g5]al plan & avoid spectacul> plays t h no be>+ on ! g5]al result4 #c4 ,h a def9ite plan & c>ry x out vigor\sly4 ,d n vacillate4 #d4 ,d n attempt complicat$ manoeuv]s4 #e4 ,keep ! comm& 9 h&2 avoid undue ext5sion & disp]sion4 #f4 ,/udy ! gr\nd & direct ! advance 9 su* a way z to take advantage ( all available cov] & !reby dim9i% losses4 #g4 ,nev] deploy until ! purpose & ! prop] direction are kn[n4 #h4 ,deploy en\gh m5 = ! imm$iate task 9 h&2 hold out ! re/ & avoid undue ha/e 9 committ+ !m to ! action4 #i4 ,flanks mu/ be protect$ ei!r by res]ves1 =tifications1 or ! t]ra94 #aj4 ,9 a decisive action1 ga9 & keep fire sup]iority4 #aa4 ,keep up reconnaissance4 #ab4 ,use ! res]ve1 b n until ne$$ or a v favorable opportunity = its use pres5ts itself4 ,keep "s res]ve z long z practicable4 #ac4 ,d n hesitate to sacrifice ! comm& if ! result is wor? ! co/4 #ad4 ,sp>e ! comm& all unnecess>y h>d%ip & ex]tion4 --,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,,miscellane\s ,,in=mation ,= conv5i5ce1 milit>y in=mation is consid]$ "u two heads1 namely 7#a7 t collect$ 9 "t ( peace by ! body ( army exp]ts 9 ,wa%+ton call$ ! ,g5]al ,/aff2 & 7#b7 t obta9$ by troops 9 ! field aft] w> has begun4 ,! =m] relates to g5]al conditions su* z ! geography1 res\rces1 & milit>y /r5g? ( ! v>i\s nations1 in=mation necess>y to enable ! ,g5]al ,/aff to act intellig5tly 9 ! ev5t ( w>4 ,! latt] relates to m local & detail$ conditions out on ! fir+ l9e4 ,= a g5]al to act intellig5tly he mu/ possess in=mation ( ! position1 /r5g?1 dispositions1 int5tions1 etc41 ( 8 oppon5t4 ,?is may be obta9$ f a numb] ( s\rces--adjo9+ troops1 inhabitants1 newspap]s1 lett]s1 telegraph files1 prison]s1 des]t]s1 spies1 maps1 b mo/ly f in=mation-ga!r+ gr\ps1 call$ reconnoit]+ patrols4 ,:5 ! available maps d n %[ all ! milit>y features ( ! c\ntry1 (fic]s & soldi]s mu/ g on ahead & make maps t d4 ,,intellig5ce ,,section ,,g5]al ,,/aff ,!re is a special committee ( ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff call$ ! ,intellig5ce ,section1 ^: bus9ess x is to weigh & classify all in=mation s5t to x4 ,memb]s ( ?is committee are plac$ on duty ) l>ge organizations 7= in/ance1 a division1 a field army1 etc474 ,,assumption ,,( ,,! ,,enemy ,:5 reliable in=mation ( ! enemy _c be obta9$1 x mu/ be assum$ t he has s5se & w act ) excell5t judgm5t4 ,,false ,,in=mation ,unless in/ructions h be5 giv5 to spread false in=mation1 all p]sons connect$ ) ! milit>y s]vice are =bidd5 to discuss ! milit>y situation1 plans1 movem5ts1 etc41 )1 or 9 ! pres5ce (1 civilians ( any age1 sex or nationality4 ,,fire ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( fire3 7#a7 ,volley ,fire4 ,e "o fires at ! comm& ,,fire4 ,x is us$ at fun]als & occasionally 9 ! fir/ "p ( an action :5 ! enemy pres5ts a l>ge1 compact t>get4 7#b7 ,fire ,at ,w4 ,9 ?is ea* soldi] fires1 loads1 & fires aga9 indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs4 ,he fires fa/ or sl[ z ! occasion dem&s4 7#c7 ,clip ,fire4 ,! soldi] /ops fir+ :5 he has f9i%$ 8 clip ( five c>tridges4 ,?is assi/s 9 prev5t+ an undue exp5diture ( ammunition & 9 abat+ excitem5t4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,indep5d5t ,,& ,,divisional ,,cavalry ,! ma9 difficulty 9 see+ ! di/9ction betwe5 ,indep5d5t & ,divisional ,cavalry consi/s 9 our =gett+ t we h diff]5t k9ds ( organizations 9 ! army z well z we h any:]e else4 ,let u cle>ly und]/& ?is3 7#a7 ,an ,infantry ,division is compos$ ( n9e regim5ts ( infantry1 two ( artill]y1 & "o ( cavalry4 7#b7 ,a ,cavalry ,division is compos$ ( n9e regim5ts ( cavalry1 "o regim5t ( horse artill]y1 & no infantry4 ,! cavalry atta*$ to an ,infantry ,division is1 9 g5]al1 call$ ,divisional ,cavalry4 ,x op]ates at b comp>atively %ort di/ances f its division1 its duties be+ ( a some:at local nature4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,cavalry1 because x c move s rapidly1 is s5t f> 9 advance 7?irty1 =ty1 or ev5 fifty or m miles7 ( ! ma9 army to obta9 g5]al in=mation1 su* z ! approximate /r5g? & location ( ! enemy's =ces4 ,! ,division ,comm&]1 s9ce he is s f> away f ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! army 9 re>1 & s9ce he has broad g5]al duties to p]=m1 mu/ ( necessity h broad p[]s &1 9 g5]al1 be p]mitt$ to act z ! occasion dem&s4 ,he is1 !re=e1 said to act indep5d5tly1 & 8 cavalry is call$ ,indep5d5t ,cavalry4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,/rategy ,,& ,,tactics ,/rategy is g5]al%ip 9 its broade/ conception4 ,a /rategi/ conceives & projects campaigns4 ,he det]m9es :]e armies & navies are to be s5t4 ,he is n conc]n$ ) ! h&l+ or manoeuv]s ( armies & fleets4 ,he turns ov] ^? details to tacticians4 ,he is ! ma/] m9d1 f> remov$1 g5]ally1 f ! battle l9e1 :o picks up an army or fleet "h1 & puts x !re4 ,tactics is ! act & sci5ce ( dispos+ 7arrang+7 armies & fleets 9 ord] = battle4 ,a tactical comm&] 7tactician7 solves local details4 ,/rategy p]ta9s to conception1 to policy2 tactics1 to te*nique4 ,! great ,g5]al ,/aff 9 ,wa%+ton inaugurates ! problems to be solv$ 7/rategy71 & details comm&]s 7tacticians7 to solve !m4 ,,employm5t ,,( ,,air ,,craft ,,on ,,& ,,ne> ,,! ,,fir+ ,,l9e ,,9 ,,! ,,!at] ,,( ,,op]ation ,airplanes w move f> out1 p]haps hundr$s ( miles1 9 front ( our mo/ advanc$ cavalry = ! purpose ( ga!r+ g5]al in=mation ( l>ge bodies ( ! enemy's =ces4 ,?is is call$ ,/rategical ,reconnaissance4 ,o!r airplanes d m local sc\t+4 ,!y g b comp>atively %ort di/ances f ! fir+ l9e = ! purpose ( det]m9+ ! location ( tr5*es1 supports1 res]ves1 artill]y positions1 etc4 ,?is is call$ tactical reconnaissance4 ,!y give _! artill]y comm&]s in=mation z to :]e _! projectiles are fall+4 ,dur+ siege op]ations 7z 9 ,europe1 :]e "s tr5*es h rema9$ 9 ab\t ! same place = long p]iods7 photograph]s g up 9 airplanes ea* morn+ & photograph ! enemy's tr5* l9es4 ,blue pr9ts are made ( ^! l9es4 ,by comp>+ ^! ) ! l9es ( ! previ\s day x is easy to det]m9e ! *anges t h be5 made dur+ ! night4 ,o!r airplanes are detail$ = ! purpose ( combat4 ,!y prev5t oppos+ airplanes f ga!r+ in=mation4 ,,! ,,big ,,ideas ,,( ,,m>*es ,= m>*es to be entirely successful ?ree conditions mu/ be fulfill$3 7#a7 ! troops mu/ get !re2 7#b7 !y mu/ get !re on "t2 7#c7 & !y mu/ get !re 9 good condition4 ,n[ suppose t y 7 ord]$ to conduct ! m>* ( a company ( gre5 m5 = a di/ance ( #bjj miles1 j h[ w\ld y solve ! problem8 ,be=e />t+1 v c>eful prep>ations %\ld be made4 ,y\r m5 %\ld be 9 good physical condition2 !y mu/ be giv5 s mu* "w t !y are a?letes4 ,keep ^! po9ts 9 m9d3 #a4 ,always h1 :5 possible1 ! com=t ( y\r m5 9 m9d4 ,_! "w 9 c>ry+ a load ( ne>ly =ty p\nds & m>*+ ar\nd fifte5 miles a day w be h>d en\gh4 ,don't give !m any extra h>d%ips4 #b4 ,make ! conditions ( ! m>* pleasant4 ,enc\rage ! m5 to laugh & s+4 #c4 ,use wagons1 automobiles1 etc41 to c>ry heavy loads 7burd5s7 :5ev] possible4 #d4 ,x is a cu/om ( ! s]vice to help a man :o may n be /rong physically b :o is /ra9+ e n]ve to get !re4 ,be ! fir/ to volunte] to c>ry = him 8 rifle or "p ( 8 burd54 #e4 ,look out especially = ! feet ( y\r m5 & ! ho(s ( y\r animals4 #f4 ,on long m>*es "o day 9 sev5 %\ld be a day ( re/ & recreation4 #g4 ,nev] take an extremely h>d & long 7=c$7 m>* unless imp]ative4 #h4 ,z a rule troops pay no complim5ts on ! m>*4 ,!y h en\gh to d )\t t4 #i4 ,let ! object to be accompli%$ det]m9e ! g5]al conduct ( ! m>* 7! "t ( />t+1 ! rate1 l5g? ( m>*1 halts1 etc47 ,,%elt] ,:5 troops are %elt]$ "u canvas 79 t5ts71 !y are 9 camp4 ,:5 !y are re/+ on ! gr\nd )\t t5ts 7= in/ance1 on ! fir+ l9e ! night be=e or dur+ a battle71 !y are 9 :at is call$ biv\ac4 ,:5 !y occupy build+s 9 t[ns or villages1 or huts especially erect$1 !y are 9 cantonm5t4 ,:5 !y are assign$ to public 7su* z po/-(fices1 t[n halls1 c\rt h\ses1 hotels1 etc47 or private build+s !y are said to be billet$4 ,,selection ,,( ,a ,,camp+ ,,gr\nd ,suppose t y 7 s5t on ahead ( troops on ! m>* to select a camp gr\nd = !m1 :at big ideas %\ld y be> 9 m9d4 #a4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be l>ge en\gh = ! troops )\t cr[d+4 ,9 case ( ra9 x %\ld be easily dra9$4 ,& !re %\ld be no /agnant wat] ne> 7say1 )9 #cjj y>ds74 #b4 ,!re %\ld be pl5ty ( pure wat]4 #c4 ,!re %\ld be good roads ar\nd4 #d4 ,wood1 grass1 =age1 & supplies = ! m5 & animals mu/ be at h& or obta9able4 ,closely cropp$ turf ) s&y or gravelly subsoil is be/4 ,let u n =get t good old-fa%ion$ guide1 common s5se4 ,m5 are z human 9 camp z else:]e4 ,9 hot wea!r %ade trees are desirable4 ,9 cold wea!r gr\nd slop+ to ! s\?1 ) woods to break ! w9ds is f9e4 ,avoid old camp gr\nds1 m>%y gr\nd1 & places :]e mosquitoes are pl5tiful4 ,,advice ,,to ,,(fic]s ,a company ( infantry is compos$ ( ?ree (fic]s & "o hundr$ & fifty non-commission$ (fic]s & privates4 ,:at a %ame to h a private ! m5tal & moral sup]ior ( ^? above him6 ,! av]age ,am]ican makes a fir/-rate soldi]4 ,he wants 8 (fic]s to be effici5t & high-ton$ lead]s4 ,x ?rills him to h _! actions pit*$ 9 a high key4 ,he wants to be well in/ruct$4 ,he wants to be l$ ) tact & diplomacy4 ,he wants !m to be neat1 to dress immaculately1 & to be milit>y 9 be>+4 ,he wants to feel t !re is no favoritism2 t ju/ice prevails4 ,be /]n 9 discipl9e4 ,exact no?+ less ?an ! be/ 9 a man4 ,tol]ate no slov5l9ess4 ,deal laz9ess a %>p rebuke4 ,! great majority ( y\r m5 are do+ _! level be/4 ,let !m "k t ?is is :at y expect1 b at ! same "t y appreciate !m = x4 ,:5 a ?+ is wrong1 say s4 ,expla9 ! correct me?od4 ,d s calmly & effici5tly4 ,y h made worse mi/akes y\rself4 ,y\r m5 did n want to make ! mi/ake4 ,!y did s f ignorance4 ,x is possible t y h n made ! matt] cle> to !m1 or ! fault is y\rs n !irs4 ,don't be too intimate ) y\r m54 ,exp]i5ce has prov5 t y _c frat]nize ) an enli/$ man "o m9ute & !n puni% him = misconduct ! next4 ,:5 y discipl9e a man1 fir/ make him see 8 error f y\r po9t ( view1 & !n1 reprim& him or decide on 8 puni%m5t 9 an absolutely imp]sonal mann]4 ,gr[ impati5t1 become excit$1 & irritable1 rebuke too sev]ely an un9/ruct$ man :o has made a small1 un9t5tional mi/ake1 use any words unwor?y ( y\r position--& y demon/rate cle>ly to y\r m5 y\r unwor?9ess to hold y\r (fice4 ,:5 !re is peace & h>mony & effici5cy 9 y\r organization1 y are responsible = x4 ,:5 !re are grumbl+s1 lack ( en?usiasm & esprit-de-corps1 be hone/ & s5sible & see if y are also n responsible = x4 ,no matt] h[ badly ?+s are go+ at drill1 nev] lose y\r temp] ) ! company4 ,:5 ?+s are go+ well1 let y\r m5 feel t y are pr\d ( !m4 ,a company %\ld be l a good football team3 e man 9 x "r beh9d ! capta94 ,a ,,f9al ,,^w ,n[ x is prop] to consid] y\r relation to y\r imm$iate sup]iors4 ,y h no bus9ess comm&+ unless y h fir/ le>n$ h[ to obey4 ,! f9] ! tra9+ & calib] ( an (fic]1 ! m s5sitive is he to ! wi%es ( 8 comm&+ (fic]1 h[ev]1 in=mally !y may be express$4 ,! ideal (fic] is a ,*ri/ian g5tleman :o has no task too small to fai?fully p]=m1 ^: c\ntry's welf>e is above 8 own1 ready = any sacrifice great or small2 ^: ?\ghtfulness & effici5cy la/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day1 ^: relations ) 8 sup]iors are bas$ on mode/y1 *e]fulness1 & loyalty4 ,a message f ! ,fa!r & ,"m ^: son is to s]ve "u y3 ,i want my boy to d 8 bit4 ,i want him to will+ly submit to all sacrifices4 ,i don't limit !m4 ,i expect him to become effici5t4 ,i expect him to obey ord]s4 ,t means all ord]s4 ,wrong ord]s z well z "r ord]s4 ,b ,i want him to h a fight+ *ance4 ,i don't want him to s]ve "u an ineffici5t (fic] :o is play+ to ! gall]ies2 :o is 9 ! habit ( do+ ?+s wrong in/ead ( "r4 ,if ! wor/ %\ld come1 ,i want my boy to p]i% = a good cause4 ,i don't want !re to be any blund]s ab\t x4 ,9 will+ly plac+ my boy "u y\r ord]s1 ,i *>ge y ) a sacr$ task4 ,i *>ge y to lead him effici5tly4 ,,supplem5t ,,advance ,,"w ,,supplem5t ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,security 7,copi$ f ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations7 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,security embraces all ^? measures tak5 by a comm& to protect itself f obs]vation1 annoyance1 or surprise by ! enemy4 ,ord9>ily ?is security is provid$ 9 "p by cavalry4 ,b z a comm& is n always prec$$ by cavalry1 & z ?is cavalry c n always prev5t sudd5 incursions ( ! enemy or discov] 8 patrols1 additional security becomes necess>y4 ,?is is obta9$ by cov]+ ! imm$iate front ( ! comm& ) deta*m5ts4 ,on ! m>* ^! deta*m5ts are call$ advance1 flank1 or re> gu>ds2 9 camp or biv\ac !y are call$ outpo/s4 ,! object ( ! =m] is to facilitate ! movem5t ( ! ma9 body & to protect x f surprise & obs]vation2 ! object ( ! latt] is to secure ! camp or biv\ac aga9/ surprise & to prev5t an attack ^u x be=e ! troops c prep>e to resi/4 ,on ! m>* ^! deta*m5ts facilitate ! advance ( ! ma9 body by promptly driv+ (f small bodies ( ! enemy :o seek to h>ass or delay x2 by remov+ ob/acles f ! l9e ( advance2 by repair+ roads1 bridges1 etc41 ?us enabl+ ! ma9 body to advance un9t]rupt$ly 9 conv5i5t m>*+ =mations4 ,!y protect ! ma9 body by prev5t+ ! enemy f fir+ into x :5 9 close =mation2 by hold+ ! enemy & enabl+ ! ma9 body to deploy be=e com+ "u effective fire2 by prev5t+ its size & condition be+ obs]v$ by ! enemy2 &1 9 retreat1 by ga9+ "t = x to make its escape or to reorganize its =ces4 ,z ! pr9cipal duty ( ^! bodies is ! same1 viz41 t ( protect+ ! ma9 body1 !re is a g5]al simil>ity 9 ! =mations assum$ by !m4 ,!re is 7#a7 ! cavalry cov]+ ! front2 next1 7#b7 a gr\p1 or l9e ( gr\ps1 9 obs]vation2 !n 7#c7 ! support1 or l9e ( supports1 ^: duty is to furni% ! obs]vation gr\ps1 & *eck ! enemy p5d+ ! arrival ( re9=cem5ts2 /ill f>!r 9 re> is 7#d7 ! res]ve4 ,an advance or flank gu>d comm&] m>*es well to ! front1 &1 f "t to "t1 ord]s su* additional reconnaissance or makes su* *anges 9 8 dispositions z ! circum/ances ( ! case dem&4 ,9 l>ge comm&s troops f all arms are g5]ally detail$1 ! proportion f ea* be+ det]m9$ by ! tactical situation2 b comm&]s detail no m troops ?an ! situation actually requires1 z an excessive am\nt ( su* duty rapidly impairs ! effici5cy ( a comm&4 ,z a g5]al rule troops detail$ on ! s]vice ( security v>y 9 /r5g? f "o tw5tie? to "o ?ird ( ! entire comm&1 b seldom exce$ ! latt]4 ,:5 practicable1 ! integrity ( tactical units is pres]v$4 ,9 mix$ comm&s infantry usually =ms ! great] "p ( ! troops detail$ to ! s]vice ( security4 ,cavalry is assign$ to t duty :5ev] advantage c be tak5 ( its sup]ior mobility4 ,! k9d & am\nt ( artill]y are det]m9$ by circum/ances4 ,! field tra9s ( troops on ?is duty g5]ally rema9 ) ! field tra9 ( ! comm&1 b if conditions p]mit !y may jo9 _! organizations4 ,troops on ! s]vice ( security pay no complim5ts2 individuals salute :5 !y address1 or are address$ by1 a sup]ior (fic]4 ,,advance ,,gu>ds ,an advance gu>d is a deta*m5t ( ! ma9 body :i* prec$es & cov]s x on ! m>*4 ,its duties are3 7#a7 ,to gu>d aga9/ surprise & furni% in=mation by reconnoit]+ to ! front & flanks4 7#b7 ,to pu% back small p>ties ( ! enemy & prev5t _! obs]v+1 fir+ ^u1 or delay+ ! ma9 body4 7#c7 ,to *eck ! enemy's advance 9 =ce long en\gh to p]mit ! ma9 body to prep>e = action4 7#d7 ,:5 ! enemy is enc\nt]$ on ! def5sive1 to seize a good position & locate 8 l9es1 c>e be+ tak5 n to br+ on a g5]al engagem5t unless ! advance-gu>d comm&] is emp[]$ to d s4 7#e7 ,to remove ob/acles1 repair ! road1 & favor 9 e way possible ! /eady m>* ( ! column4 ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,composition ,subject to v>iation accord+ to ! situation1 "o tw5tie? to "o ?ird ( a comm& may be assum$ z a suitable /r5g? = ! advance gu>d4 ,! l>g] ! =ce1 ! l>g] 9 proportion is ! advance gu>d1 = a l>ge comm& takes relatively long] to prep>e = action ?an a small "o4 ,9 l>ge comm&s x is usually compos$ ( all arms1 ! proportions dep5d+ on ! nature ( ! "w1 "* ( ! c\ntry1 etc4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,ma9 ,,body ,:ile ! di/ance betwe5 ^! two bodies %\ld be great en\gh to prev5t ne$less int]ruptions 9 ! m>* ( ! ma9 body1 & to give ! latt] "t to deploy %\ld ! enemy be enc\nt]$1 x %\ld nev] be s great t timely support ( ! advance gu>d becomes impracticable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,%[+ ! ,,ideas ,,involv$ ,,9 an ,,advance ,,gu>d ,z y g f ! po9t to ! ma9 body note t ! di/ances are great] z ! gr\ps become l>g]4 ,l>g] gr\ps require m "t & space1 :5 gett+ ready = action1 ?an small gr\ps4 ,a v important ?+ to rememb] 9 connection ) ?is plate is t y h only su* gr\ps 9 an advance gu>d z are necess>y to insure protection = ! ma9 body4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,troops ,an advance-gu>d ord] g5]ally describes ! foll[+ di/ribution ( troops3 ,advance cavalry4 ,support4 ,res]ve4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! advance-gu>d cavalry is employ$ dep5ds ^u ! situation4 ,its prop] place is 9 ! direction ( ! enemy1 & g5]ally all or ! great] "p is us$ z advance cavalry4 ,if weak 9 numb]s1 x may be assign$ to ! support4 ,,advance ,,cavalry ,! advance cavalry is t "p ( ! advance-gu>d cavalry prec$+ ! support4 ,x reconnoit]s f> en\gh to ! front & flanks to gu>d ! column aga9/ surprise by artill]y fire1 & to enable timely in=mation to be s5t to ! advance-gu>d comm&]4 ,,support ,foll[+ ! advance cavalry is ! support1 v>y+ 9 /r5g? f "o f\r? to "o half ( ! advance gu>d4 ,9 mix$ comm&s x consi/s ( infantry1 to :i* eng9e]s may be atta*$4 ,if !re is no advance cavalry1 "s cavalry %\ld be atta*$ to ! support = reconnoit]+ duty4 ,z ! support moves out x s5ds =w>d an advance p>ty sev]al hundr$ y>ds1 ! di/ance v>y+ ) ! t]ra9 & ! size ( ! comm&4 ,! advance p>ty supplem5ts ! "w ( ! advance cavalry1 reconnoit]+ to ! front & flanks to gu>d ! support aga9/ surprise by effective rifle fire4 ,! patrol prec$+ ! advance p>ty on ! l9e ( m>* is call$ ! po9t1 & is comm&$ by an (fic] or an exp]i5c$ noncommission$ (fic]4 ,) ! advance cavalry 9 front b little reconnoit]+ by infantry is necess>y1 & ! advance p>ty is relatively small--"o eigh? to "o ?ird ( ! support4 ,if !re is no advance cavalry1 ! advance p>ty is made /rong] 7ab\t "o half ( ! support7 & ! flanks are gu>d$1 if necess>y1 by additional patrols s5t out f ! support & ev5 f ! res]ve4 ,! support comm&] ord9>ily m>*es ) ! advance p>ty1 b goes :]ev] ne$$4 ,he sees t ! prop] road is foll[$2 t guides are left 9 t[ns & at crossroads2 t necess>y repairs are made to roads1 bridges1 etc41 & t in=mation ( ! enemy or affect+ ! m>* is promptly transmitt$ to ! advance-gu>d comm&]4 ,he endeavors promptly to v]ify in=mation ( ! enemy4 ,,res]ve ,! res]ve foll[s ! support at sev]al hundr$ y>ds' di/ance4 ,x consi/s ( ! rema9d] ( ! infantry & eng9e]s1 ! artill]y1 & ! ambulance company4 ,! artill]y usually m>*es ne> ! head ( ! res]ve1 ! eng9e]s 7) bridge tra91 if any7 & special troops at ! re>4 ,,reconnaissance ,9 conduct+ ! reconnaissance ! patrols are1 z a rule1 small--f two to six m54 ,if additional protection is necess>y1 a flank gu>d cov]s ! ?reat5$ flank4 ,! flank+ patrols1 :e!r ( ! advance cavalry or advance p>ty1 are s5t out to exam9e ! c\ntry :]ev] ! enemy might be conceal$4 ,if ! nature ( ! t]ra9 p]mits1 ^! patrols m>* across c\ntry or along roads & trails p>allel+ ! m>* ( ! column4 ,= cavalry patrols ?is is (t5 possible2 b ) infantry patrols & ev5 ) ^? t are m\nt$1 reconnaissance is g5]ally be/ done by s5d+ ! patrols to high places along ! l9e ( m>* to ov]look ! c\ntry & exam9e ! dang] po9ts4 ,^! patrols report or signal ! results ( _! obs]vations &1 unless !y h o!r in/ructions1 jo9 _! units by ! mo/ practicable r\tes1 o!r patrols be+ s5t out z ! m>* proce$s & z ! nature ( ! c\ntry requir$4 ,des]t]s1 suspici\s *>act]s1 & be>]s ( flags ( truce1 ! latt] bl9dfold$1 are tak5 to ! advance-gu>d comm&]4 ,civilians are n p]mitt$ to prec$e ! advance gu>d4 ,communication betwe5 ! fractions ( an advance gu>d & betwe5 ! advance gu>d & ma9 body is ma9ta9$ by wire1 mess5g] s]vice1 or signals4 ,,advance ,,gu>d ,,( ,a ,,small ,,comm& ,9 =m+ ! advance gu>d ( a comm& small] ?an a brigade1 ! =ego+ di/ribution is modifi$1 dep5d+ ^u ! situation4 ,a company or troop usually s5ds =w>d only a po9t1 a battalion or squadron1 an advance p>ty2 b a battalion or squadron at w> /r5g? %\ld put a company or troop 9 ! advance gu>d & a regim5t %\ld put a battalion or squadron1 if an enemy is liable to be met4 ,:5ev] ! advance gu>d is less ?an a battalion1 !re is no res]ve4 ,,re> ,,gu>ds ,! re> gu>d is *>g$ ) ! important duty ( cov]+ ! retreat4 ,:5 a comm&] decides to retreat1 he issues ! necess>y ord]4 ,dur+ a retreat ! outpo/ = ! night usually =ms ! re> gu>d ( ! foll[+ day4 ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,composition ,! /r5g? ( a re> gu>d dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! c\ntry & ! /r5g? & "* ( ! pursu+ =ce4 ,x c n1 l ! advance gu>d1 c\nt on ! support ( ! ma9 body4 ,ma*9e guns are especially useful 9 ! passage ( defiles & 9 cov]+ ! cross+s ( riv]s4 ,eng9e]s & ambulance companies are usually assign$ to re> gu>ds4 ,! troops ( a re> gu>d are select$ f ^? t h _h previ\s local successes1 or h suff]$ little loss & are comp>atively fre%4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,troops ,! proximity & conduct ( ! enemy control1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ! =mation ( a re> gu>d4 ,:5 x is n necess>y to )draw 9 deploy$ l9es1 ! great] "p ( ! re> gu>d m>*es on ! road 9 column ( r\te1 tak+ up a =mation resembl+ t ( an advanc$ gu>d fac$ to ! re>4 ,! di/ribution ( troops is !re=e simil> to t ( an advance gu>d1 namely3 ,res]ve4 ,support4 ,re> cavalry4 ,! re> cavalry is t portion ( ! re>-gu>d cavalry foll[+ ! support4 ,! support1 z 9 an advance gu>d1 is divid$ into two p>ts2 t "p ne>e/ ! enemy is call$ ! re> p>ty & m>*es ) a re> po9t4 ,,di/ances ,! di/ance ( ! re> gu>d f ! ma9 body & betwe5 ! fractions ( ! re> gu>d are ab\t ! same z 9 ! case ( an advance gu>d4 ,if m>*+ at night1 ! re> gu>d draws ne>] ! ma9 body4 ,,re> ,,gu>d ,,( ,,an ,,advanc+ ,,=ce ,if !re is a possibility t ! re> ( ! column may be attack$1 a re> gu>d ( suitable /r5g? & composition is provid$1 its conduct is practically ! same z t ( ! re> gu>d ( a retreat+ =ce4 ,x g5]ally m>*es 9 re> ( ! tra9s1 ^? organizations foll[+ ! combatant troops )\t di/ance4 ,,outpo/s ,! size & disposition ( ! outpo/ w dep5d ^u _m circum/ances1 su* z ! size ( ! :ole comm&1 ! proximity ( ! enemy & ! situation ) respect to him1 ! nature ( ! t]ra91 etc4 ,a suitable /r5g? may v>y f a v small fraction to "o ?ird ( ! :ole =ce4 ,= a s+le company 9 biv\ac a few s5t9els & patrols w suffice2 = a l>ge comm& a m elaborate outpo/ sy/em mu/ be provid$4 ,x %\ld be no /rong] ?an is consi/5t ) reasonable security4 ,! mo/ economical protection is furni%$ by keep+ close contact ) ! enemy by means ( outpo/ patrols1 9 conjunction ) resi/+ deta*m5ts on ! av5ues ( approa*4 ,! outpo/ %\ld be compos$ ( complete organizations4 ,! positions held by ! subdivisions ( ! outpo/ %\ld g5]ally be prep>$ = def5se1 b conditions may r5d] ?is unnecess>y4 ,troops on outpo/ keep conceal$ z mu* z is consi/5t ) ! prop] p]=mance ( _! duties2 especially d !y avoid appe>+ on ! sky l9e4 ,,composition ,a mix$ outpo/ is compos$ pr9cipally ( infantry4 ,! infantry is *>g$ ) ! duty ( local obs]vation1 especially at night & ) resi/+ ! enemy long en\gh = ! ma9 body to prep>e = action4 ,! cavalry is *>g$ ) ! duty ( reconnaissance1 & is v useful 9 op5 c\ntry dur+ ! day4 ,if ! infantry has be5 sev]ely tax$ by m>*+ or fight+1 a l>ge "p ( ! outpo/ may be tempor>ily =m$ ( cavalry4 ,artill]y is useful to outpo/s :5 its fire c sweep defiles or l>ge op5 spaces & :5 x comm&s positions t might be occupi$ by ho/ile artill]y4 ,! guns are c>efully conceal$ or protect$ & are usually )drawn at night4 ,ma*9e guns are useful to comm& approa*es & *eck sudd5 advances ( ! enemy4 ,! field tra9s ( troops on outpo/ duty g5]ally jo9 _! organizations2 if an engagem5t is probable1 !y may be held 9 re>4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,outpo/ ,,troops ,! outpo/ w g5]ally be divid$ into f\r p>ts4 ,^!1 9 ord] f ! ma9 body1 are ! res]ve1 ! l9e ( supports1 ! l9e ( outgu>ds1 & ! advance cavalry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,%[+ ,,! ,,ideas ,,involv$ ,,9 ,,an ,,outpo/ ,! di/ance sep>at+ ^! p>ts1 & _! di/ance f ! ma9 body1 w dep5d ^u ! object s\ght1 ! nature ( ! t]ra91 & ! size ( ! comm&4 ,!re c be no uni=mity 9 ! di/ance betwe5 supports & res]ve1 nor betwe5 outgu>ds & supports1 ev5 9 ! same outpo/4 ,! av5ues ( approa* & ! important features ( ! t]ra9 w l>gely control _! exact positions4 ,! outpo/ ( a small =ce %\ld ord9>ily hold ! enemy beyond effective rifle range ( ! ma9 body until ! latt] c deploy4 ,= ! same purpose ! outpo/ ( a l>ge =ce %\ld hold ! enemy beyond ! artill]y range4 ,! res]ve con/itutes ! ma9 body ( ! outpo/ & is held at "s c5tral po9t f :i* x c readily support ! troops 9 front or hold a rally+ position on :i* !y may retire4 ,! res]ve may be omitt$ :5 ! outpo/ consi/s ( less ?an two companies4 ,! res]ve may comprise "o-f\r? to two-?irds ( ! /r5g? ( ! outpo/4 ,! supports con/itute a l9e ( resi/+ & support+ deta*m5ts1 v>y+ 9 size f a half company to a battalion4 ,!y furni% ! l9e ( outgu>ds4 ,! supports are numb]$ consecutively f "r to left4 ,!y are plac$ at ! m important po9ts on ! outpo/ l9e1 usually 9 ! l9e on :i* resi/ance is to be made 9 case ( attack4 ,z a g5]al rule1 roads ex]cise ! greate/ influ5ce on ! location ( supports1 & a support w g5]ally be plac$ on or ne> a road4 ,! section :i* x is to cov] %\ld be cle>ly def9$ by means ( tangible l9es on ! gr\nd & %\ld be su* t ! support is c5trally locat$ !re94 ,! outgu>ds con/itute ! l9e ( small deta*m5ts f>!/ to ! front & ne>e/ to ! enemy4 ,= conv5i5ce !y are classifi$ z pickets1 s5try squads1 & cossack po/s4 ,!y are numb]$ consecutively f "r to left 9 ea* support4 ,a picket is a gr\p consi/+ ( two or m squads1 ord9>ily n exce$+ half a company1 po/$ 9 ! l9e ( outgu>ds to cov] a giv5 sector4 ,x furni%es patrols & "o or m s5t9els1 d\ble s5t9els1 s5try squads1 or cossack po/s = obs]vation4 ,pickets are plac$ at ! m important po9ts 9 ! l9e ( outgu>ds1 su* z road =ks4 ,! /r5g? ( ea* dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( small gr\ps requir$ to obs]ve prop]ly its sector4 ,a s5try squad is a squad po/$ 9 obs]vation at an indicat$ po9t4 ,x po/s a d\ble s5t9el 9 obs]vation1 ! rema9+ m5 re/+ ne> by & furni%+ ! reliefs ( s5t9els4 ,9 "s cases x may be requir$ to furni% a patrol4 ,a cossack po/ consi/s ( f\r m54 ,x is an obs]vation gr\p simil> to a s5try squad1 b employs a s+le s5t9el4 ,at night x w sometimes be advisable to place "s ( ! outgu>ds or _! s5t9els 9 a position diff]5t f t :i* !y occupy 9 ! day "t4 ,9 su* case ! gr\nd %\ld be c>efully /udi$ be=e d>k & ! *ange made at dusk4 ,h[ev]1 a *ange 9 ! position ( ! outgu>d w be exceptional4 ,s5t9els are g5]ally us$ s+ly 9 daytime1 b at night d\ble s5t9els w be requir$ 9 mo/ cases4 ,s5t9els furni%$ by cossack po/s or s5try squads are kept ne> _! gr\p4 ,^? furni%$ by pickets may be z f> z #ajj y>ds away4 ,e s5t9el %\ld be able to communicate readily ) ! body to :i* he belongs4 ,s5t9el po/s are numb]$ consecutively f "r to left 9 ea* outgu>d4 ,s5try squads & cossack po/s furni%$ by pickets are c\nt$ z s5t9el po/s4 ,by day1 cavalry reconnoit]s 9 advance ( ! l9e ( obs]vation4 ,at night1 h[ev]1 t ! horses may h ne$$ re/ & because ! "w c be done bett] by infantry1 ! great] "p ( ! cavalry is usually )drawn 9 re> ( ! supports1 g5]ally jo9+ ! res]ve1 small deta*m5ts be+ assign$ to ! supports = patroll+ at a di/ance4 ,) effici5t cavalry 9 front1 ! "w ( ! infantry on ! l9e ( obs]vation is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,g5]al in/ructions = ! advance cavalry are giv5 by ! outpo/ comm&]1 b details are left to ! subord9ate4 ,in/ead ( us+ outgu>ds along ! entire front ( obs]vation1 "p ( ?is front may be cov]$ by patrols only4 ,^! %\ld be us$ to cov] su* sections ( ! front z c be cross$ by ! enemy only ) difficulty & ov] :i* he is n likely to attempt a cross+ aft] d>k4 ,9 daylight mu* ( ! local patroll+ may be disp5s$ ) if ! c\ntry c be se5 f ! po/s ( ! s5t9els4 ,h[ev]1 patrols %\ld frequ5tly be pu%$ well to ! front unless ! gr\nd 9 t direction is exceptionally op54 ,patrols or s5t9els mu/ be ! fir/ troops :i* ! enemy meets1 & ea* body 9 re> mu/ h "t to prep>e = ! bl[4 ,^! bodies cause z mu* delay z possible )\t sacrific+ !mselves1 & gradually retire to ! l9e :]e ! outpo/ is to make its resi/ance4 ,patrols mu/ be us$ to keep up connection betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! outpo/ except :51 dur+ daylight1 c]ta9 fractions or gr\ps are mutually visible4 ,aft] d>k ?is connection mu/ be ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! outpo/ except :]e ! l>g] subdivisions are provid$ ) wire communication4 ,9 addition to ord9>y outgu>ds1 ! outpo/ comm&] may detail f ! res]ve "o or m deta*$ po/s to cov] roads or areas n 9 ! g5]al l9e assign$ to ! supports4 ,9 l mann] ! comm&] ( ! :ole =ce may ord] deta*$ po/s to be s5t f ! ma9 body to cov] important roads or localities n includ$ 9 ! outpo/ l9e4 ,! numb] & /r5g? ( deta*$ po/s are r$uc$ to ! absolute ne$s ( ! situation4 ,,e/abli%+ ,,! ,,outpo/ ,! outpo/ is po/$ z quickly z possible1 s t ! troops c ! soon] obta9 re/4 ,until ! lead+ outpo/ troops are able to assume _! duties1 tempor>y protection1 kn[n z ! m>* outpo/1 is furni%$ by ! ne>e/ available troops4 ,! halt ord] ( ! comm&]1 besides giv+ ! necess>y in=mation & assign+ camp sites to ! p>ts ( ! comm&1 details ! troops to con/itute ! outpo/1 assigns a comm&] !re=1 designates ! g5]al l9e to be occupi$1 &1 :5 practicable1 po9ts out ! position to be held 9 case ( attack4 ,! outpo/ comm&]1 ^u receipt ( ?is ord]1 %\ld issue ! outpo/ ord] ) ! lea/ practicable delay4 ,9 l>ge comm&s x may (t5 be necess>y to give ! ord] f ! map1 b usually ! outpo/ comm&] w h to make "s prelim9>y reconnaissance1 unless he has an accurate & detail$ map4 ,! ord] gives su* available in=mation ( ! situation z is necess>y to ! complete & prop] guidance ( subord9ates2 designates ! troops to con/itute ! supports2 assigns _! location & ! sector ea* is to cov]2 provides = ! necess>y deta*$ po/s2 indicates any special reconnaissance t is to be made2 ord]s ! location & disposition ( ! res]ve2 disposes ( ! tra9 if same is ord]$ to jo9 ! outpo/2 & in=ms subord9ates :]e in=mation w be s5t4 ,aft] issu+ ! initial ord]s1 ! outpo/ comm&] inspects ! outpo/1 ord]s ! necess>y *anges or additions1 & s5ds 8 sup]ior a report ( 8 dispositions4 ,! res]ve is m>*$ to its po/ by its comm&]1 :o !n s5ds out su* deta*m5ts z h be5 ord]$ & places ! re/ 9 camp or biv\ac1 ov] :i* at lea/ "o s5t9el %\ld be po/$4 ,connection mu/ be ma9ta9$ ) ! ma9 body1 ! supports1 & ne>by deta*$ po/s4 ,! supports m>* to _! po/s1 us+ ! necess>y cov]+ deta*m5ts :5 9 advance ( ! m>* outpo/4 ,a support comm&]'s ord] %\ld fully expla9 ! situation to subord9ates1 or to ! entire comm&1 if x be small4 ,x %\ld detail ! troops = ! diff]5t outgu>ds &1 :5 necess>y1 def9e ! sector ea* is to cov]4 ,x %\ld provide ! necess>y s5t9els at ! po/ ( support1 ! patrols to be s5t !refrom1 & %\ld arrange = ! necess>y intr5*+4 ,connection %\ld be ma9ta9$ ) ! adjo9+ supports & ) ! outgu>ds furni%$ by ! supports4 ,9 po/+ 8 comm& ! support comm&] mu/ seek to cov] 8 sector 9 su* mann] t ! enemy _c rea*1 9 dang]\s numb]s & unobs]v$1 ! position ( ! support or pass by x )9 ! sector intru/$ to ! support4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he mu/ economize m5 on obs]vation & patrol duty1 = ^! duties are unusually fatigu+4 ,he mu/ practise ! greate/ economy ( m5 consi/5t ) ! requirem5ts ( practical security4 ,z soon z ! po/+ ( ! support is complet$1 its comm&] c>efully inspects ! dispositions & corrects defects1 if any1 & reports ! disposition ( 8 support1 includ+ ! patroll+ ord]$1 to ! outpo/ comm&]4 ,?is report is pref]ably made by means ( a sket*4 ,ea* outgu>d is m>*$ by its comm&] to its assign$ /ation1 & especially 9 ! case ( a picket1 is cov]$ by ! necess>y patroll+ to prev5t surprise4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! position1 ! comm&] expla9s ! situation to 8 m5 & e/abli%es reliefs = ea* s5t9el1 &1 if possible1 = ea* patrol to be furni%$4 ,besides ^! s5t9els & patrols1 a picket mu/ h a s5t9el at its po/4 ,! comm&] !n po/s ! s5t9els & po9ts out to !m ! pr9cipal features1 su* z t[ns1 roads1 & /reams & gives _! names4 ,he gives ! direction & location ( ! enemy1 if kn[n1 & ( adjo9+ p>ts ( ! outpo/4 ,he gives to patrols ! same in=mation & ! necess>y ord]s z to _! r\tes & ! frequ5cy ) :i* ! same %all be cov]$4 ,ea* patrol %\ld g ov] its r\te once be=e d>k4 ,e picket %\ld ma9ta9 connection by patrols ) outgu>d on its "r & left4 ,ea* comm&] w take precaution to conceal 8 outgu>d & w g5]ally /r5g!n 8 position by intr5*+4 ,,reliev+ ,,! ,,outpo/ ,ev5+ & %ortly be=e dawn are h\rs ( special dang]4 ,! enemy may attack late 9 ! day 9 ord] to e/abli% himself on captur$ gr\nd by intr5*+ dur+ ! night2 or he may s5d =w>d troops "u cov] ( d>kness 9 ord] to make a /rong attack at e>ly dawn4 ,special precaution is !re=e tak5 at ^? h\rs by hold+ ! outpo/ 9 read9ess1 & by s5d+ patrols 9 advance ( ! l9e ( obs]vation4 ,if a new outpo/ is to be e/abli%$ 9 ! morn+1 x %\ld arrive at ! outpo/ position at daybreak1 ?us d\bl+ ! outpo/ /r5g? at t h\r4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,attack ,,& ,,def5se ,combat is divid$ into two g5]al classes1 ! (f5sive 7attack7 & ! def5sive4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,attack ,decisive results are obta9$ only by ! (f5sive4 ,aggressiv5ess w9s battles4 ,if y want to ?ra% a man g aft] him2 don't wait = him to come to y4 ,:5 attack+ use e available man4 ,h e man 9 ! prop] place at ! prop] "t & 9 a physical & moral condition to d 8 utmo/4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,attack 7#a7 ,y c elect ! po9t ( attack :ile ! def5d] mu/ be prep>$ to resi/ at all po9ts4 7#b7 ,! fact t y are advanc+ 9 spite ( ! def5d]'s fire /imulates y & depresses ! enemy4 7#c7 ,y leave y\r dead beh9d :ile ! def5d] mu/ fight among 8 fall5 comrades1 :i* is demoraliz+4 7#d7 ,y usually are consci\s ( ! fact t y h m m5 on y\r side ?an ! def5d]4 ,y h m rifles on ! l9e ?an ! enemy4 7#e7 ,y\r fire is usually m efficaci\s ?an t ( y\r oppon5t because x is usually conv]g+ :ile 8 is div]g+4 ,^! advantages alone w n necess>ily insure success1 b fire sup]iority1 if ga9$ & ma9ta9$1 does insure success4 ,by ga9+ & ma9ta9+ fire sup]iority y remove all d\bt z to ! f9al outcome ( ! attack4 ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,attack ,! mo/ usual k9ds ( attack are3 ,frontal ,attack4 ,?is attack is deliv]$ directly aga9/ ! front ( ! enemy4 ,x (f]s little opportunity to br+ m rifles aga9/ ! enemy ?an he c br+ aga9/ y4 ,decisive results c only be expect$ :5 y\r =ce is l>g] ?an y\r oppon5t's or :5 8 is unduly ext5d$4 ,x is a dang]\s & co/ly me?od ( attack+4 ,envelop+ ,attack4 ,cov] ! front ( ! enemy ) suffici5t =ce to hold 8 att5tion &1 ) ! re/ ( y\r comm&1 /rike a flank m or less obliquely4 ,s9ce y\r l9e is n[ long] ?an 81 & y h m rifles 9 action y\r fire is conv]g+ :ile t ( y\r enemy is div]g+4 ,nev] attempt ! envelopm5t ( bo? flanks unless y greatly outnumb] y\r enemy4 ,cooep]ation betwe5 ! frontal & envelop+ attack is ess5tial to success4 ,! fraction ( ! comm& t envelops ! enemy is g5]ally l>g] ?an t "p 9 8 front4 ,a wide turn+ movem5t is n an envelop+ movem5t4 ,x is dang]\s because y\r troops are sep>at$ & c be defeat$ 9 detail4 ,9 an envelop+ movem5t y\r l9e w usually be cont9u\s2 x simply ov]laps & envelops ! enemy4 ,an envelop+ attack w ne>ly always result locally 9 a frontal attack1 = x w meet ! enemy's res]ve4 ,let u repeat3 d n attempt a wide turn+ movem5t4 ,y\r =ces w be sep>at$1 !y may n be able to assi/ ea* o!r1 & c be defeat$ 9 detail4 ,! t5d5cy ( a beg9n] is to attempt a wide turn+ movem5t4 ,! error ( disp]sion is !n committ$4 ,,! ,,actual ,,attack ,deploym5t4 ,to deploy means to ext5d ! front4 ,:5 does a column ext5d its front or prep>e to fight8 ,:5 op5 t]ra91 :i* w probably expose ! troops to ho/ile artill]y fire1 is rea*$4 ,?is place may be two or m miles f ! enemy4 ,:at is done8 ,/rong patrols are s5t out to cle> ! =egr\nd ( ! enemy's patrol4 ,! plan ( ! attack is inaugurat$4 ,extra ammunition is issu$4 ,ea* organization is assign$ its task4 ,! organizations 9 ! fir+ l9es are assign$ objectives & move out1 foll[$ by local supports & res]ves4 ,don't und]/& t !y g z skirmi%]s4 ,!y usually m>* 9 column ( squads4 ,/rong combat patrols are s5t out to protect ea* flank4 ,?is is v important ev5 ) small comm&s4 ,,advanc+ ,,! ,,attack ,x is n[ necess>y to advance ! attack to a po9t :]e ! rifle is effective1 s ! attack+ l9e c ga9 fire sup]iority4 ,! attack :i* halts to op5 fire at extreme range 7ov] #abjj y>ds7 is n likely to ev] rea* its de/9ation 7! enemy74 ,ef=t %\ld be made to arrive )9 #hjj y>ds ( ! enemy be=e op5+ fire4 ,h[ c ?is be done8 ,h[ c we pass ov] a mile or m ( gr\nd1 swept or likely to be swept1 fir/ by ! enemy's artill]y fire & f9ally by rifle fire8 ,answ]4--,by us+ all ! cov] ! t]ra9 (f]s 7escape ! enemy's view71 by us+ inconspicu\s =mations1 by us+ su* =mations z to m9imize ! effect ( ! enemy's fire4 ,discipl9e at ?is /age ( ! attack is ess5tial4 ,ea* company 9 ! fir+ l9e w probably />t its advance ^u its objective 9 column ( squads1 b tak+ advantage ( all cov]4 ,if ?ick und]bru% is f\nd1 squad columns w\ld probably be us$4 ,if ! enemy's artill]y fire becomes too effective platoon columns or ?9 l9es are us$1 dep5d5t ^u t]ra91 cov] & ! "t elem5t4 ,e opportunity is tak5 to assemble ! companies & cont9ue ! advance 9 column ( squads :5 cov] is available4 ,! supports1 foll[+ ! fir+ l9e1 adopt ! same me?ods to advance z ! fir+ l9e4 ,9 ?is /age ( ! attack y\r own artill]y w he assi/+ y by reply+ to ! enemy's artill]y & infantry fire t is direct$ at y4 ,,! ,,fire ,,attack ,! fire attack comm5ces :5 ! infantry 9 ! fir+ l9e fir/ op5s fire & x usually ends ) ! *>ge4 ,a *>ge is sometimes n necess>y because ! enemy )draws f 8 position4 ,! fire attack does n />t until ! fir+ l9e _c advance )\t ru9\s & demoraliz+ losses4 ,x %\ld n be ov] #abjj y>ds f ! enemy4 ,at ?is "t fire sup]iority mu/ be ga9$4 ,?is may necessitate a /eady1 accurate fire = _m h\rs4 ,= ?is purpose ! comm&] puts m m5 on ! fir+ l9e ?an ! enemy & !n "s m if necess>y4 ,local supports are us$ if requir$4 ,hav+ ga9$ fire sup]iority1 ! advance by ru%es comm5ces1 b ea* ru% mu/ leave beh9d or h 9 front ( x en\gh rifles to ma9ta9 fire sup]iority4 ,?is det]m9es ! size ( ! ru%4 ,y _c lose ?is fire sup]iority & advance2 & once x is lo/1 h\rs may be requir$ to rega9 x4 ,! numb] ( m5 9 ea* ru% w usually decrease z ! enemy's position is approa*$4 ,if ! fir+ l9e is /opp$1 if fire sup]iority is lo/ & _c be rega9$1 ! fir+ l9e intr5*es & holds on until d>kness or until a favorable turn 9 ! situation develops4 ,x is suicidal to turn back4 ,dur+ ! advance1 supports move up z close to ! fir+ l9e z cov] w p]mit1 adopt+ ^? =mations be/ suit$ to keep d[n losses4 ,!y may be z close z fifty y>ds to ! fir+ l9e4 ,!y %\ld n be z f> z #ejj y>ds 9 re> ( x4 ,,! ,,*>ge ,!re c be no rule to tell y :5 to *>ge4 ,x may be f #be to #djj y>ds4 ,! common s5se 7tactical in/9ct7 ( ! s5ior rank+ (fic] on ! fir+ l9e mu/ tell him ! psy*ological mom5t to ord] ! *>ge4 ,t mom5t w be :5 y\r fire has brok5 d[n ! enemy's fire1 brok5 8 resi/ance1 & de/roy$ 8 morale4 ,! artill]y increases its range4 ,! fir+ l9e & rema9+ supports fix bayonets4 ,! =m] increases ! rate ( fire1 ! latt] ru% =w>d "u ! protection ( ?is fire1 jo9 ! fir+ l9e & give x ! necess>y impetus4 ,toge!r !y ru% at ! enemy's position4 ,no re/ra9t is plac$ ^u _! ardor4 ,confid5ce 9 _! ability to use ! bayonet gives ! *>g+ troops ! promise ( success4 ,if ! *>ge is successful1 ! ne>e/ =m$ bodies are s5t in/antly 9 pursuit & "u cov] ( !m ! comm&s are reorganiz$1 ord] re/or$1 & arrangem5ts made to resi/ a c\nt] attack4 ,if ! *>ge is unsuccessful ! artill]y or any =m$ troops 9 re> cov] ! )drawal4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,def5sive ,! def5sive is divid$ into ! purely passive def5se & ! active def5se4 ,! passive def5se seeks m]ely to delay ! enemy4 ,! results c nev] be o!r ?an negative4 ,x is usually = ! purpose ( ga9+ "t & mo/ frequ5tly us$ by a re> gu>d4 ,s9ce ! idea ( tak+ up ! (f5sive is abs5t1 no /rong res]ves are held out = a c\nt] attack2 ! fir+ l9e is z /rong z possible f ! fir/2 e advantage is tak5 ( ob/acles1 natural or artificial4 ,! flanks mu/ be made secure4 ,! active def5se seeks to attack ! o!r side at "s /age ( ! engagem5t4 ,x seeks to w9 & only ! (f5sive w9s4 ,x is (t5 necess>y = a comm&] to assume ! def5sive 7active7 ei!r volunt>ily1 9 ord] to ga9 "t1 or to secure "s advantage ov] ! enemy2 or involunt>ily1 z 9 a meet+ engagem5t :]e ! enemy gets a />t 9 deploym5t = action or :]e ! enemy's attack is impetu\s & )\t suffici5t prep>ation4 ,9 ei!r case ! def5sive =ce cont5ts itself ) p>ry+ ! bl[s ( ! enemy1 :ile ga!r+ & arrang+ its /r5g?1 look+ & wait+ = ! "r place & "t to deliv] a decisive bl[ :i* is call$ ! c\nt] attack4 ,h5ce1 a c\nt] attack is ! (f5sive movem5t ( an active def5se4 ,its success greatly dep5ds on be+ deliv]$ ) vigor & at ! prop] "t4 ,x may be deliv]$ 9 two ways3 #a/--/raight to ! front aga9/ a weak po9t 9 ! attack+ l9e1 or #bnd--by laun*+ ! res]ves aga9/ ! enemy's flank aft] he is fully committ$ to ! attack4 ,! latt] me?od (f]s ! greate/ *ances = success & ! mo/ effective results4 ,,advantages ,,& ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,! ,,def5sive ,! def5se has ! foll[+ advantages ov] ! attack3 7#a7 ,troops attack+ af=d a bett] t>get ?an ! troops on ! def5sive4 7#b7 ,a l>g] am\nt ( ammunition is usually available4 7#c7 ,! m5 c %oot bett] because !y are n fatigu$ by advanc+4 7#d7 ,losses w be less if good cov] is secur$4 ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,! ,,def5se 7#a7 ,! def5d] surr5d]s ! advantage ( ! initiative z ! attack] c elect ! po9t ( attack & ! def5d] mu/ be prep>$ at all po9ts4 7#b7 ,! def5d] mu/ fight amid/ 8 dead & w\nd$ :i* is depress+4 7#c7 ,! def5d]1 see+ ! enemy cont9ually advanc+1 becomes consci\s ( 8 inability to /op him4 ,?is is depress+ to ! def5d] & is injuri\s to 8 morale4 ,,requisites ,,( ,a ,,good ,,def5sive ,,position ,if y 7 look+ = a good def5sive position1 :at po9ts w\ld y h 9 m9d & ( ^! po9ts1 :i* w\ld be ! mo/ important8 ,! requisites to be s\ght 9 a good def5sive position are3 7#a7 ,a cle> field ( fire up to ! effective range ( ! artill]y4 7#b7 ,flanks t are naturally secure or t c be made s by ! use ( ! res]ves4 7#c7 ,ext5t ( gr\nd suitable to ! /r5g? ( ! =ce to occupy x4 7#d7 ,effective cov] & concealm5t = ! troops1 especially res]ves4 7#e7 ,good communications ?r\gh\t ! position4 7#f7 ,good l9es ( retreat4 --,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,all ( ^! advantages w seldom if ev] be f\nd 9 ! position select$4 ,! "o %\ld be tak5 :i* con=ms close/ to ! description1 b y %\ld be> 9 m9d t a good field ( fire & effective cov]1 9 ! ord] nam$1 are ! mo/ important requisites4 ,9 trac+ ! l9es = ! tr5*es1 avoid sali5ts 7a hill1 spur1 woods1 etc41 t juts out f ! g5]al l9e 9 ! direction ( ! enemy74 ,avoid plac+ ! fire tr5* on ! skyl9e4 ,locate x on or bel[ ! milit>y cre/4 ,! cre/ f :i* y c see all ! gr\nd to ! front4 ,,prep>+ ,a ,,def5sive ,,position ,n[ let u suppose ourselves z "p ( a battalion t is to occupy a def5sive position4 ,:at w\ld probably be done8 ,h[ & 9 :at ord] w\ld x be done8 ,:at w\ld ! major d8 ,he w\ld decide ^u ! k9d ( def5se 7active or passive7 to (f]1 & !n f9d a suitable def5sive position 9 h>mony ) 8 plans4 ,he w\ld det]m9e exactly :]e ! fir+ & o!r tr5*es are to be dug4 ,he w\ld !n call up ! company comm&]s & issue 8 def5se ord] 9 :i* ! task ( ea* company w\ld be made cle>4 ,^? to occupy ! fir+ l9e w\ld ea* be assign$ a sector ( gr\nd to ! front to def5d & a correspond+ section ( ! fire tr5* to con/ruct4 ,! supports w\ld con/ruct _! tr5*es & ! communicat+ tr5*es4 ,he w\ld1 if necess>y1 issue ! necess>y ord]s to protect ! front & flanks by s5d+ out patrols4 ,he w\ld indicate h[ ! position is to be /r5g!n$ & make arrangem5ts = di/ribut+ ! extra ammunition4 ,if "t is a s]i\s consid]ation1 ! major w\ld direct ! "w to be done 9 ! ord] ( its importance1 :i* is ord9>ily z foll[s3 7#a7 ,cle>+ ( =egr\nd to improve ! field ( fire & con/ruction ( fire tr5*4 7#b7 ,head or ov]head cov] concealm5t4 7#c7 ,plac+ ob/acles & record+ ranges4 7#d7 ,cov] tr5*es = supports & local res]ves4 7#e7 ,communicat+ tr5*es4 7#f7 ,wid5+ & deep5+ ( tr5*2 int]ior conv5i5ces4 ,n[ hav+ cle>$ ! =egr\nd1 dug ! tr5*es1 record$ ranges to ! important objects 9 ea* sector1 etc41 ! position c be occupi$4 ,! citiz5 ord9>ily pictures ! fir+ tr5* full ( soldi]s :5 he is told ! tr5*es are occupi$4 ,n s4 ,patrols w\ld be op]at+ well to ! front to give timely w>n+ to "o or two s5t9els 9 ea* company fire tr5* ( ! approa* ( ! enemy4 ,^! s5t9els w\ld 9 turn in=m ! company :i* w\ld probably be re/+ 9 ! tr5*es 9 ! re>4 ,,! ,,actual ,,def5se ,let u suppose n[ t our battalion1 occupy+ ?is def5sive position1 is a "p ( a l>g] =ce :i* is support$ by artill]y4 ,y see small objects "o & a half to two miles to y\r front4 ,y "k !y are ! enemy's troops because y\r artill]y is fir+ at !m & y\r combat patrols are be+ driv5 94 ,y\r entire company has mov$ to its fire tr5*4 ,y h pl5ty ( ammunition1 y "k exactly ! range4 ,:at happ5s8 ,y op5 fire on ! enemy at probably ! extreme range ( #bjjj y>ds4 ,only ! ho/ile artill]y c return ?is fire until ! enemy's fir+ l9e closes to )9 #abjj y>ds ( y\r position4 ,:ile an attack+ =ce is ?us approa*+ y may inflict v s]i\s losses ^u x4 ,b x _c /op1 h[ev] s]i\s its losses1 beyond #abjj y>ds2 = we h se5 t1 if x /ops advanc+ 9 ord] to fire1 x w probably nev] arrive at y\r position4 ,:5 )9 #abjj y>ds ! enemy w build up a /rong rifle fire aga9/ y & n attempt to advance until he has ga9$ fire sup]iority4 ,x is y\r bus9ess n to let him get fire sup]iority1 & if he does d s to take x away f him :5 he )draws p>ts ( 8 rifles to advance by ru%+4 ,fight ea* ru%4 ,if y\r def5se is active & y p]man5tly /op ! enemy's advance by ga9+ fire sup]iority1 & he _c rega9 x1 ev5 ?\gh he uses up 8 supports1 8 fir+ l9e w become confus$ & demoraliz$ & x w be ! psy*ological "t = ! prop] comm&] to laun* 8 c\nt] attack4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y _c /op 8 advance1 fix bayonets 7fir+ l9e & rema9+ supports7 :5 he fixes bayonets & meet 8 *>ge 9 front ( y\r tr5*4 ,all y\r supports w be mov$ up to assi/ y 9 oppos+ ! *>ge4 ,if y are unsuccessful 9 ! bayonet fight or =c$ to retire f y\r tr5*es dur+ ! fire fight y\r artill]y1 cavalry & any =m$ res]ves 9 ! re> w cov] y\r )drawal1 :i*1 if possible1 %\ld be made /raight to ! re>1 "o "p cov]+ ! )drawal ( ! o!r "p1 & s on4 ,reorganize at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,patroll+ ,ev]y?+ else be+ equal ! army t possesses ! mo/ accurate in=mation ab\t ! enemy w w94 ,milit>y hi/ory recites ! fact t almo/ e important battle has be5 ei!r lo/ or won because ( in=mation or lack ( in=mation t "o side _h or did n h ( ! o!r side4 ,x is by ! use ( patrols t ! mo/ valuable in=mation ( ! enemy is usually obta9$4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( patrols1 b x is ) reconnoit]+ or in=mation seek+ patrols t ?is *apt] deals4 ,,duties ,,( ,a ,,patrol ,ea* reconnoit]+ patrol is giv5 a c]ta9 mission 7duty7 to p]=m4 ,! "n1 reconnoit]+1 mean+ to survey1 to view1 indicates t its fir/ duty is to get in=mation1 & in=mation is always greatly increas$ 9 value if ! enemy does n "k x has be5 obta9$4 ,hav+ obta9$ valuable in=mation1 its next duty is to s5d ?is in=mation to ! (fic] s5d+ out ! patrol4 ,,/r5g? ,! /r5g? ( ! patrol w g5]ally dep5d on its mission & on ! numb] ( messages t x w probably s5d back4 ,! l>g] ! patrol ! great] ! probability ( ! enemy see+ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x is too small1 x w n h suffici5t memb]s to s5d 9 important in=mation & cont9ue op]ations4 ,capta9 ,waldron 9 8 book1 ,sc\t+ & ,patroll+1 recomm5ds a patrol ( a lead] & six select$ m5 = ord9>y reconnaissance4 ,?is numb] makes x possible = ! patrol lead] to place a man out on ea* flank1 a man 9 advance1 two to rema9 ) him & "o to rema9 9 ! re> z ! get-away man4 ,! (fic] :o s5ds out ! patrol det]m9es its /r5g?4 ,,comm&] ,! lead] %\ld be an (fic] or a noncommission$ (fic]4 ,he mu/ h good judgm5t1 be cool1 be quick 9 mak+ a decision1 be /rong 9 physique1 h initiative1 & be brave1 b n to ! ext5t ( ra%ness4 ,besides 8 regul> equipm5t he %\ld h a good pair ( field glasses1 a compass1 a wat*1 wire cutt]s1 p5cils1 a message book1 & a map ( ! c\ntry4 ,,in/ructions ,! (fic] s5d+ out a patrol %\ld give x in/ructions on ! foll[+ po9ts3 #a4 ,in=mation ( ! enemy & ( fri5dly support+ troops4 #b4 ,! mission ( ! patrol4 ,?is w include ! g5]al direction 9 :i* x is to g4 #c4 ,h[ long ! patrol is to rema9 out4 #d4 ,:]e messages are to be s5t4 ,,prep>ation ,be=e go+ out ! patrol comm&] w make a c>eful inspection ( ! memb]s ( 8 patrol 9 ord] to see3 #a4 ,t ! memb]s are 9 a suitable condition = ! duty to be p]=m$4 7,n drunk1 sick1 lame1 hav+ a bad c\gh1 etc47 #b4 ,t ea* man is prop]ly arm$ & has ! requisite am\nt ( ammunition4 #c4 ,t ! acc\trem5t is s arrang$ t x w n rattle or gli/5 9 ! sunlight4 #d4 ,t no man has any?+ ab\t him t w af=d ! enemy valuable in=mation 9 ! ev5t ( capture4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is inspection he w1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! (fic] s5d+ out ! patrol1 g ov] 8 ord]s1 giv+ 8 m5 all ! in=mation t he has ( ! enemy & 8 own troops2 /ate ! duty 7mission7 ( ! patrol s t all may "k :at !y are go+ to accompli%1 & he w foll[ ?is ) a /atem5t ( 8 g5]al plan = c>ry+ x out4 ,he w designate an assembly po9t %\ld ! patrol be disp]s$4 ,he w designate a second 9 comm& %\ld he be disabl$4 ,,=mation ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/$ ,,=mations ,,= ,,patrols ,x is impossible to lay d[n any h>d-&-fa/ rule gov]n+ ! =mation & conduct ( ! op]ations ( a patrol4 ,ea* situation w h to be work$ out by itself4 ,! patrol %\ld assume ! g5]al =mation ( a column ( troops on ! m>*2 t is1 x w h an advance gu>d1 a ma9 body1 flank]s & a re> gu>d4 ,^! sev]al elem5ts may ea* be repres5t$ by only "o man4 ,,conduct ,,( ,,! ,,patrol ,9 communicat+ ) ea* o!r = ord9>y purposes ! memb]s ( ! patrol use signals agre$ ^u be=e ! />t4 ,= ?is purpose ea* man mu/ con/antly keep )9 sight & he>+ di/ance ( ! lead]4 ,a patrol moves cauti\sly1 tak+ advantage ( all available cov]1 seek+ 9 e way to see )\t be+ se54 ,x halts frequ5tly to li/5 & make c>eful obs]vations ( its surr\nd+s4 ,except at night a patrol %\ld n move on roads4 ,villages & inhabit$ places %\ld n z a rule be ent]$4 ,dur+ ! daytime x seeks high gr\nd f :i* x c scan ! c\ntry & at night x seeks a position f :i* ! sky l9e c be obs]v$4 ,,enc\nt]+ ,,! ,,enemy ,if a small ho/ile patrol is enc\nt]$ x is g5]ally bett] to rema9 9 concealm5t & let x pass ?an to attack4 ,! noise ( a fight may be he>d by ! enemy1 ! pres5ce ( ! patrol !re=e indicat$1 & ! enemy w take fur!r precautions to oppose its op]ations4 ,if ! patrol is sudd5ly attack$ or surpris$ by a sup]ior =ce1 ! patrol %\ld at once scatt] 9 all directions & ! memb]s make _! way back to ! la/ place designat$ z a meet+ place & !n aft] reunit+ cont9ue ! reconnaissance4 ,:5 a patrol fights x does s resolutely4 ,c\rage & coolness may br+ ab\t success :5 adv]se conditions are enc\nt]$4 ,,return+ ,a patrol c nev] be c]ta9 t ! enemy's patrols are n op]at+ 9 its re>4 ,h5ce 9 return+1 x is necess>y to obs]ve ! usual precautions4 ,if ! patrol has elud$ ! enemy1 x is be/ to return ov] a r\te o!r ?an t ov] :i* ! />t 0 made4 ,if a patrol1 aft] hav+ accompli%$ its mission1 is be+ pursu$1 x is well1 especially :5 ne> its own l9es1 to engage ! pursu+ troops s z to give w>n+ ( its approa* to ! outpo/ l9e4 ,"u ! conditions j m5tion$1 except ! patrol is a great di/ance f its outpo/ l9e1 x may be necess>y z a la/ resort to h ! patrol scatt] & ea* man return individually4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,t>get ,,practice ,milit>y %oot+ or t>get practice is v diff]5t f %otgun %oot+1 or ev5 ! k9d ( %oot+ requir$ ( a l>ge-game hunt]2 !re=e we %\ld beg9 ) ! mo/ elem5t>y in/ruction & drills1 if pr(ici5cy is to be obta9$4 ,our ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,regulations says1 ,! sole purpose ( rifle tra9+ = ! soldi] is to make ( him a good %ot "u w> conditions4 ,pr(ici5t %ots are made (f ! range & n on x4 ,by ?is we mean t ! prelim9>y in/ruction y w receive be=e y g on ! range w be ( m b5efit to y ?an ! actual fir+ = record4 ,inde$1 fir+ on ! range w only te/ y\r ability to put into use ! _m po9ts cov]$ by y\r prelim9>y in/ruction4 ,!re=e1 if y are to become a pr(ici5t %ot1 ma9ta9 y\r int]e/ & en?usiasm at its highe/ pit* dur+ ! prelim9>y in/ruction4 ,y\r prelim9>y in/ructions w probably become s t$i\s & tiresome t y w lose sight ( _! objects4 ,ea* prelim9>y in/ruction has its own & diff]5t purpose1 & y w n receive ! maximum b5efit f !m unless y realize ?is4 ,?is *apt] w fir/ expla9 briefly ! purpose ( ea* prelim9>y drill1 & !n give ! ess5tial ?+s to be rememb]$ :5 actually fir+ on ! range4 ,,prelim9>y ,,in/ruction ,y\r prelim9>y in/ructions & _! purposes are z foll[s3 #a4 ,nom5clature ( ! ,rifle4 ,! ^w nom5clature means ! vocabul>y ( names or te*nical t]ms :i* are appropriate to any p>ticul> topic4 ,9 ?is case ! topic is ! rifle4 ,?is in/ruction w be a few lectures or talks by y\r company (fic]s on ! rifle4 ,y %\ld become famili> ) ! p>ts ( ! rifle indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,illu/ration #b4 ,sight+ ,drills4 ,purpose4 7a7 ,to expla9 ! diff]5t k9ds ( sight4 7b7 ,to %[ h[ to align ! sights prop]ly on ! bull's-eye4 7c7 ,to discov] & demon/rate errors 9 sight+4 7d7 ,to tea* uni=mity 9 sight+4 ,!re are two k9ds ( sights on ! re> sight leaf1 ! op5 & peep sight4 ,! op5 sight is ! semi-circul> not* a-b-c %[n 9 ! diagram bel[2 ! peep sight is ! small hold d j bel[ ! op5 sight4 ,illu/ration3 a1 b1 c--op5 sight d--peep sight ,! sight+ drills w visually illu/rate ! foll[+ k9ds ( sights4 a--,normal ,sight4 ,?is is ! sight mo/ frequ5tly us$4 ,! foll[+ illu/ration is ! normal sight :5 ! op5 sight not* is us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! figure i-k-l-m is ! front sight ,b-,l-,m-,c ! re> sight not*4 ,:5 ! op5 sight is us$ ! above diagram %[s ! correct alignm5ts ( ! re> sight not*1 front sight & ! bull's-eye4 ,! foll[+ features %\ld be notic$3 #a/4 ,! front4sight 7i-k-l-m7 is exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! re> sight not* 7,b-,l-,m-,c71 if x is 9 ! "r or left "p ( ?is not* ! rifle w %oot to ! "r or left ( ! po9t aim$ at4 #b;d4 ,!re is a ?9 /rip ( :ite se5 betwe5 ! top ( ! front sight & ! bull's-eye4 7,! ,m>9e ,corps & _m army (fic]s d n see ?is /rip ( :ite4 ,! me?od ( aim+ giv5 & illu/rat$ 9 ?is book is ! same z f\nd 9 ! ,fir+ ,regulations = ! ,army47 #c;d4 ,! top ( ! front sight %\ld j t\* an imag9>y l9e connect+ ! %\ld] at ,c ) t at ,b4 7,?is is mo/ important47 #d?4 ,! aim is tak5 at ! bottom ( ! bull's-eye & n at ! top or c5t]4 b--,f9e ,sight4 ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s a f9e sight :i* %\ld nev] be us$3 ,illu/ration ,?is sight causes ! rifle to %oot too l[ because n en\gh front sight is se54 ,correspond+ly1 if m front sight is se5 ?an illu/rat$ 9 ! normal sights1 ! rifle %oots high4 c--,normal ,sight4 ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s ! normal sight :5 ! peep sight is us$4 ,illu/ration ,! above illu/ration %[s ! correct alignm5t ( ! peep sight1 front sight1 & ! bull's-eye4 ,! foll[+ features %\ld be notic$3 #a/4 ,! top ( ! front sight & n ! bull's-eye is focus$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! peep sight4 #b;d4 ,!re is a ?9 /rip ( :ite betwe5 ! top ( ! front sight & ! bottom ( ! bull's-eye4 #c4 ,position & ,aim+ ,drills4 ,purpose3 ,to s educate ! muscles ( ! arms & body t ! gun1 dur+ ! act ( aim+1 %all be held )\t re/ra9t & dur+ ! op]ation ( fir+ %all n be deflect$ f ! t>get by any convulsion or improp] movem5t ( ! trigg] f+] or ( ! body1 arms or h&s4 ,^! drills mu/ be tak5 daily1 if !y are to be ( ! maximum b5efit4 ,if y are en?usia/ic ab\t rifle %oot+1 & ^! drills are n give,c to y1 ask y\r company comm&] to %[ !m to y1 z !y c be execut$ to advantage at odd times4 #d4 ,deflection & ,elevation ,correction ,drills4 ,purpose4 ,to %[ y h[ to raise or l[] y\r re> sight1 *ange y\r w9dage to ! "r or left1 & note ! effect on ! /rik+ po9t ( ! bullet 9 ea* case4 ,9 g5]al t]ms ^! drills tea* y3 7#a7 ,:at to d :5 y are fir+ too high or l[4 7,elevation ,drill47 7#b7 ,:at to d :5 y are fir+ to ! "r or left ( ! t>get4 7,deflection ,drill47 ,! assumption is 9 ea* case t ! gun is prop]ly aim$ ! in/ant x is fir$4 ,?or\ghly to grasp e phase ( ! ,elevation & ,deflection ,drills1 x is be/ t y become famili>iz$ ) ! dim5sions ( ! foll[+ t>gets & ! ranges at :i* ea* is us$4 ,x is n int5d$ t y %all reta9 all ^! figures 9 y\r m9d4 ,,sl[ ,,fire ,,t>gets ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,a ,?is t>get is us$ dur+ sl[ fire at #bjj & #cjj y>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,b ,?is t>get is us$ dur+ sl[ fire at #ejj & #fjj y>ds4 ,,rapid ,,fire ,,t>get ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,d ,?is t>get is always us$ ) ! battle sight at #bjj1 #cjj1 & #ejj y>ds rapid fire4 ,battle sight is ! position ( ! re> sight :5 ! leaf is laid d[n1 :i* is ! habitual position ( ! re> sight leaf at drill4 ,x is an op5 sight1 & corresponds to an elevation ( #edg y>ds4 ,,w9dage ,! re> sight is set on a movable base s t x c be mov$ to ! "r or left & ! aim+ po9t %ift$ accord+ly 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! effect ( ! w9d on ! bullet4 ,g5]al ,rule4 ,to %ift ! /rik+ po9t ( ! bullet to ! left move ! re> sight to ! left4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ! rev]se holds true :5 x is mov$ to ! "r4 ,a ,specific ,rule4 ,"o po9t ( w9dage moves ! /rik+ po9t ( ! bullet #d in*es = e #ajj y>ds y are di/ant f ! t>get4 7,"o po9t ( w9dage at #bjj y>ds causes ! bullet to /rike #h in*es to ! "r or left ( ! l9e ( aim2 "o po9t at #cjj y>ds causes a #ab-;in* deflection ( ! bullet2 "o po9t at #ejj y>ds a #bj-;in* deflection1 & s on47 ,,elevation ,g5]al rule = *ang+ ! elevation aft] hitt+ ! t>get3 ,a *ange ( elevation ei!r up or d[n1 ( #ajj y>ds on y\r re> sight1 w raise or l[] y\r bullet 9 in*es on ! t>get equal to ! squ>e ( y\r di/ance 9 y>ds f ! t>get4 ,i4e41 a *ange ( #ajj y>ds 9 elevation on ! re> sight leaf :ile fir+ at ! #bjj-y>d range raises or l[]s ! /rik+ po9t ( ! bullet at ! t>get #d in*es4 ,a simil> *ange :ile fir+ at ! #cjj-y>d range raises or l[]s ! /rik+ po9t ( ! bullet #i in*es1 at ! #djj-y>d range x w\ld be #af in*es1 at ! #ejj-y>d range #be in*es1 & s on4 ,! foll[+ illu/rations are self-explanatory 9 reg>d to w9dage & elevation *anges & %\ld be dilig5tly /udi$ dur+ prelim9>y in/ruction4 ,! effect ( w9dage *anges 7giv5 9 po9ts7 w be f\nd at ! bottom ( ea* t>get1 :ile ! effect ( elevation *anges 7giv5 9 y>ds7 w be f\nd to ! left ( ea* t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,a1 #f' x #d' ,,t>get ,b1 #f' x #f' ,! above sy/em ( indicat+ ! w9dage & elevation on ea* t>get is us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps score book4 ,ea* man at ,plattsburg1 9 #aiaf1 0 suppli$ ) "o ( ^! score books4 ,if us$ at ! fir+ po9t !y greatly simplify sight adju/m5ts1 besides conta9+ o!r v useful in=mation on %oot+4 #e4 ,gall]y ,practise4 ,purpose #a4 ,to note errors 9 ! position ( ! man :ile he is 9 ! act ( fir+ & call 8 att5tion to !m aft] he has fir$4 #b4 ,to give in/ruction 9 squeez+ ! trigg] prop]ly4 #c4 ,to /imulate & ma9ta9 int]e/4 #d4 ,(f]s a *eck on :at ! man has absorb$ f ! o!r prelim9>y drills4 ,fire j z mu* on ! gall]y range z y company comm&] w p]mit4 ,y _c fire too mu*4 ,e %ot y fire %\ld tea* y a lesson on "s po9t connect$ ) ! art ( %oot+4 ,,sl[ ,,fire ,foll[+ satisfactory gall]y practise scores ! m5 g on ! range = kn[n di/ance practice4 ,"h ! army rifle is fir$ ) s]vice *>ges at kn[n ranges2 fir/1 = in/ruction if "t p]mits1 & !n = record4 ,to obta9 satisfactory results ! fir] mu/ p]=m correctly five ess5tial ?+s1 namely3 #a4 ,hold ! rifle on ! m>k4 #b4 ,aim prop]ly4 #c4 ,squeeze ! trigg] prop]ly4 #d4 ,call ! %ot4 #e4 ,make ! prop] sight adju/m5t4 ,!y w be briefly & sep>ately discuss$3 #a4 ,hold+4 ,unless ! rifle is held /eadily ! bullet w n hit ! desir$ m>k4 ,! fir] mu/ be able to hold ! rifle /eadily 9 ! ?ree positions1 kneel+1 sitt+4 ly+ d[n4 ,hold+ is a "q ( ! prop] body position1 use ( ! sl+1 & practice4 ,body ,position4 ,! position ( ! fir] mu/ be com=table4 ,y may1 at fir/1 feel con/ra9$ or cramp$ 9 ! diff]5t positions b by cont9u$ practice ! muscles & jo9ts w become s supple & pliable t y c easily assume ! correct position4 ,ea* man :o is try+ = a high score %\ld utilize all available "t to ?is end4 ,! foll[+ photographs illu/rate ! correct & incorrect positions3 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,,correct ,,sitt+ ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,notice ! position ( ! elb[s4 ,!y are advanc$ pa/ ! knees s t ! flat muscles on ! back ( ! arms1 above ! elb[s1 re/ aga9/ ! legs4 ,notice ! position ( ! "r ?umb & aim+ eye2 also sl+4 ,to assume ?is position correctly1 x is necess>y t y lean well =w>d4 ,avoid ! t5d5cy ( gett+ ! feet too f> ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,,correct ,,sitt+ ,,position ,no4 #b4 ,notice ,! prop] mann] ( work+ ! bolt dur+ rapid fire4 ,keep y\r gun at ! %\ld] :ile load+4 ,turn ! gun to "r & d[n a little4 ,don't make any unnecess>y motions' ,illu/ration3 ,,incorrect ,,sitt+ ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,left elb[ is re/+ on knee cap4 ,no support to /eady "r arm4 ,eye too f> f re> sight4 ,lip is aga9/ /ock4 7,?is causes sore lips47 ,?umb ar\nd /ock4 ,sl+ on outside ( arm4 ,no4 #b4 ,?is %[s ! common error ( l[]+ ! gun f ! %\ld] to load x dur+ rapid fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,kneel+ ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,correct kneel+ position4 ,notice t ! back ( ! left arm 7n elb[7 is re/+ on knee4 ,notice t ! fir] is sitt+ well d[n on ! "r leg4 ,?is is ess5tial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,incorrect ,,kneel+ ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,?umb is ar\nd small ( /ock4 ,eye too f> f re> sight4 ,! gun is turn$ 7cant$7 to ! "r4 ,! %>p po9t ( ! elb[ is re/+ on ! knee :i* has a t5d5cy to make ! position an un/eady "o4 ,no4 #b4 ,! improp] mann] ( load+ ! gun dur+ rapid fire4 ,he has l[]$ ! gun f 8 %\ld] to load x1 :i* is a "t-kill+ proposition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,prone ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,notice ! "r eye4 ,notice t ! left arm is well "u ! gun4 ,notice :]e ! gun is press$ aga9/ ! %\ld]4 ,notice position ( "r ?umb4 ,no4 #b ,notice position ( left arm4 ,notice ! pressure ( ! sl+ aga9/ ! left arm4 ,no4 #c ,notice ! correct position ( ! legs & feet4 ,notice t ! toes are turn$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,incorrect ,,prone ,,position ,no4 #a4 ,gun is cant$ to ! "r4 ,sl+ is on ! outside ( ! arm4 ,"r ?umb is across small ( /ock :i* is ! cause ( bruises & sore lips4 ,left elb[ n well "u4 ,eye too f> f re> sight piece4 ,no4 #b4 ,legs n /raight4 ,gun cant$ to "r4 ,left elb[ n well "u gun4 ,no4 #c4 ,legs are 9 an improp] position4 ,body is twi/$ to ! left4 ,sl+4 ,y\r ability to hold ! rifle /eadily 9 any requir$ position w be greatly increas$ by ! prop] adju/m5t & use ( ! sl+4 ,inde$1 y _c hope to hold ! rifle /eadily unless ! sl+ is prop]ly us$4 ,! foll[+ photographs illu/rate ! correct way to get into ! sl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #a4 ,notice t ! left arm is slipp$ 9 betwe5 ! sl+ & ! gun f ! left side4 ,x is !n run ?r\gh ! sl+ f ! "r side ( same4 ,notice h[ gun is held aga9/ leg4 ,notice t ! muzzle ( ! gun is po9t+ up1 n d[n4 ,! bolt %\ld be drawn back :ile y get into ! sl+4 ,?is is to avoid accid5ts4 ,notice t ! sight leaf is d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b ,no4 #b4 ,notice t ! sl+ has be5 slipp$ up & ov] ! l>ge muscles ( ! upp] arm4 ,also ! left h& aft] be+ run ?r\gh ! sl+ is grasp+ ! gun to t ! sl+ is to ! "r4 ,by turn+ back n[ to ! photographs illu/rat+ ! correct body positions y w see h[ ! sl+ is us$4 #b4 ,aim+4 ,an error ( "o "o-hundr$? ( an in* 9 ! am\nt ( front sight se51 at ! in/ant ! gun is fir$1 w cause y to completely miss a man #ejj y>ds away4 ,h5ce1 ! eye mu/ be tra9$ unless ! fir] has at all times a m5tal picture ( h[ ! sights & ! bull's-eye look :5 prop]ly align$4 ,y %\ld acquire ?is m5tal picture dur+ y\r aim+ ex]cises & by ! "t y g on ! range y %\ld h ! eye s tra9$ t y w focus x prop]ly on y\r sights & t>get )\t m5tal ef=t4 #c4 ,trigg] ,squeeze4 ,if y convulsively j]k ! trigg] to dis*>ge ! rifle1 y di/urb y\r hold & aim & ! m>k is miss$2 ?is is ! recruit's mo/ common error4 ,to prop]ly squeeze trigg] obs]ve ! foll[+ sugge/ions3 7a7 ,z y place y\r rifle to ! %\ld]1 take up ! loose play 9 ! trigg] 7call$ ! creep74 7b7 ,:5 ! gun is prop]ly aim$1 don't endeavor at t p>ticul> mom5t to fire x b be cont5t to apply additional pressure to ! trigg] & !n hold ?is pressure until ! gun is aga9 /eady & prop]ly aim$ :5 a little m pressure is add$ & s on until ! gun is dis*>g$4 ,by us+ ?is sy/em1 ! fir] does n "k ! exact in/ant ! gun is to g (f & ! common faults1 namely1 fl9*+ & j]k+ ! trigg] are unconsci\sly avoid$4 7c7 ,fill lungs full1 t is take a deep brea?1 let a little out1 & !n /op brea?+ to fire4 #d4 ,call+ ! ,%ot4 ,if ! aim+ eye is op5 :5 ! gun is dis*>g$1 ! fir] %\ld "k at :at "p ( ! t>get ! gun 0 aim$ at t in/ant1 & he %\ld ann\nce ?is fact to 8 coa* or 9 ! abs5ce ( a coa* make a m5tal note ( x4 ,if ! bullet /ruck ! t>get at ! po9t :]e ! gun 0 aim$ ! in/ant ( dis*>ge1 no sight correction is necess>y2 on ! o!r h&1 if ! bullet did n /rike ! t>get at ! po9t :]e ! gun 0 aim$ ! in/ant ( dis*>ge1 ! sights are probably improp]ly adju/$ & %\ld be *ang$ z indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph on sight adju/m5t4 #e4 ,sight ,adju/m5t4 ,if1 aft] fir+ two or m %ots1 y f9d t1 9 ea* case1 !re is a con/ant error betwe5 :]e ! bullet hits ! t>get & ! place :]e y call$ ! %ot1 y\r sights %\ld be readju/$ 9 accordance ) y\r prelim9>y elevation & deflection drills4 ,:5 y decide to *ange y\r sight adju/m5t don't be timid & deal 9 half measures b apply a suffici5t correction s t ! rifle w hit :]e ! %ot is call$4 ,! inexp]i5c$ man has a t5d5cy to *ange 8 sights aft] ea* %ot4 ,avoid ?is t5d5cy4 ,,rapid ,,fire ,9 rapid fire ! battle sight is always us$2 ! fir+ is aga9/ "t & at a field t>get 7,t>get ,d71 & f ranges #bjj1 #cjj1 & sometimes #ejj y>ds4 ,! battle sight corresponds to an elevation ( #edg y>ds1 :i* makes x necess>y = ! fir] at ! #bjj & #cjj y>d ranges to aim at a po9t ab\t #b-a_/b feet bel[ ! "p ( ! t>get t x is desir$ to hit4 ,prior to record fir+ ea* man %\ld det]m9e ^! aim+ po9ts by sl[ fire1 at ranges #bjj & #cjj y>ds1 us+ ! battle sight4 ,!re is "o gold5 rule t mu/ be foll[$ if y are to get a good score at rapid fire3 ,y mu/ use ! m9imum "t possible 9 load+ & ! maximum "t possible = aim+ & squeez+ ! trigg]4 ,to be m specific1 ?is means "w y\r bolt quickly b aim & squeeze y\r trigg] sl[ly4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,rapid ,,fire #a4 ,:5 y g to ! fir+ po9t get two clips ( c>tridges1 "o to be us$ at ! comm& load & ! extra "o is plac$ 9 ! belt4 #b4 ,see t y\r cut-(f is up4 #c4 ,:5 ! t>get fir/ appe>s drop quickly into ! requir$ position = fir+4 ,a great deal ( "t is usually lo/ by ! fir] squirm+ ar\nd try+ to get into a com=table position4 #d4 ,don't hurry y\r fir/ or la/ %ot4 ,^! are ! two %ots t are usually bad4 #e4 ,if y\r second clip jams or breaks1 turn ! cut-(f up1 load & fire ea* c>tridge sep>ately4 #f4 ,leave ! gun at y\r %\ld] :ile work+ ! bolt4 #g4 ,be c>eful to fire on y\r own t>get4 #h4 ,if a c>tridge fails to fire1 x is v probably because ! bolt is n all ! way d[n2 !re=e recock ! gun 7pull ! fir+ p9 back71 make c]ta9 ! bolt is d[n1 & fire aga94 #i4 ,z soon z ! t>gets disappe> cease fir+1 come to ,inspection ,arms1 exam9e y\r rifle = unfir$ c>tridges4 ,,g5]al ,,h9ts ,,& ,,cautions #a4 ,don't be afraid ( ! kick2 x is m imag9>y ?an real :5 ! sl+ is prop]ly us$1 y\r %\ld] prop]ly padd$1 & ! gun prop]ly held4 #b4 ,re/ y\r *eek1 n y\r jaw bone1 lightly aga9/ ! small ( ! /ock4 #c4 ,re/ y\r "r ?umb along ! "r side ( ! /ock & n on top ( x4 #d4 ,black5 bo? front & re> sights1 adju/ & place y\r arm 9 ! sl+1 & if possible set y\r sights :ile y are wait+ y\r turn to g to ! fir+ po9t4 #e4 ,approa* & leave ! fir+ po9t ) y\r bolt drawn back4 ,?is is to prev5t accid5ts4 #f4 ,:5 n actually aim+1 h y\r bolt drawn back4 #g4 ,nev] attempt to =ce ! bolt into ! gun 9 case ( a jam1 b ask a coa* to fix x = y4 #h4 ,don't all[ ! muzzle to t\* ! gr\nd4 #i4 ,don't rub y\r eyes :ile at ! fir+ po9t4 #aj4 ,:5 n actually aim+1 re/ ! eyes by %ad+ !m or look+ at some?+ gre54 #aa4 ,clean ! bore ( y\r rifle be=e & aft] fir+4 ,aft] fir+ x %\ld be clean$ daily1 until a rag run ?r\gh x w n be soil$4 #ab4 ,clean ! rifle f ! bree*4 #ac4 ,z]o ( rifle4 ,e rifle1 ow+ to slight inequalities ( bor+1 sights1 & ! p]sonal errors ( ! fir]1 %oots diff]5tly4 ,:5 y h asc]ta9$ its 7rifle7 & y\r own peculi> errors & y "k :]e to set y\r sights to c\nt]act ^! con/ant errors1 y h det]m9$ :at is commonly t]m$ ! z]o ( y\r rifle4 ,to illu/rate1 if y 7 %oot+ on a p]fectly calm day 7:i* is ess5tial7 at ! t>get f ! #ejj-y>d range1 & y f\nd t y requir$ "o half a po9t left w9dage 9 ord] to hit ! bull's-eye :5 no w9d is bl[+1 ! z]o ( y\r rifle = t range w\ld be "o half a po9t left w9dage4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,rifle ,keep ! metal "p ( y\r rifle cov]$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( light oil2 #c-;9-#a oil is ord9>ily us$4 ,?is is especially important 9 damp wea!r4 ,always clean ! bore f ! bree*4 ,?is avoids injur+ ! muzzle4 ,! pull ?r\gh 7a /r+ f\nd 9 ! oil] & ?ong case7 is only us$ 9 ! field4 ,aft] ! rifle is fir$ ! bore is cov]$ ) an acid :i*1 if left 9 ! bore1 w eat into ! metal & pit x4 ,to avoid ?is1 swab out ! b>rel z soon z possible aft] fir+ ) ,hoppe's ,p[d] ,solv5t1 ,no4 #i :i* c be pur*as$ at ! camp /ores4 ,if ?is p[d] solv5t is n available1 dissolve "s soda 9 wat] & use x4 ,:5 ! b>rel is clean1 dry x out ?or\ghly by runn+ sev]al dry rags ?r\gh x4 ,next run sev]al rags1 saturat$ 9 oil1 ?r\gh ! b>rel1 ?is = ! purpose ( oil+ ! bore & prev5t+ ru/4 ,?is process ( clean+ %\ld be repeat$ = at lea/ ?ree successive days foll[+ ! fir+ ( ! rifle4 ,! metal f\l+1 caus$ by ! peal+ (f 9 ! bore ( ! jacket ( ! bullet1 c only be remov$ by an application ( an ammonia solution :i* %\ld n be us$ by an inexp]i5c$ man4 ,,miscellane\s ,,in=mation ,! ,bayonet4 ,! bayonet is a cutt+ & ?ru/+ weapon consi/+ ( ?ree pr9cipal p>ts1 viz41 ! blade1 ! gu>d1 & ! grip4 ,! weight ( a bayonet is #a p\nd4 ,illu/ration ,capta9 ,b4 ,a4 ,dixon1 retir$1 has compil$ ! foll[+ int]e/+ data ab\t our milit>y rifle & ammunition3 ,"n4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,rifle 7commonly kn[n z ! ,spr+field74 ,co/4 #ad4dj )\t ! bayonet4 ,b>rel4 #bd4jjf in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! muzzle is r\nd$ to protect ! rifl+4 ,any injury "h w\ld all[ gases to escape ar\nd ! sides ( ! bullet & de/roy its accuracy4 ,on ! top 9 re> ( ! front sight is /amp$ ! ,ordnance escut*eon1 ! initials ( ! place ( manufacture1 & ! mon? & ye>4 ,calib]4 4#cj-?irty hundr$?s ( an in*4 ,calib] is ! int]ior diamet] ( ! b>rel measur$ betwe5 ! l&s4 ,grooves4 ,! f\r spiral *annels )9 ! bore ( ! rifle sometimes call$ rifl+4 ,!y are 4#jjd in*es deep & are ?ree times z wide z ! l&s4 ,l&s4 ,! f\r rais$ spaces 9 ! bore ( ! rifle betwe5 ! grooves4 ,^! l&s grip ! bullet z x passes ?r\gh ! bore & rotate x to ! "r ab\t ! long] axis4 ,?is rotation s]ves to prev5t tumbl+ & keeps ! bullet accurately on its c\rse4 ,?is sp9n+ ( ! bullet also causes x to drift slightly to ! "r z x passes ?r\gh ! air4 ,! same effect is produc$ by ?r[+ a baseball ) a twi/4 ,twi/4 ,! spiral =m$ by ! grooves 9 ! b>rel ( ! piece4 ,! twi/ is uni=m & to ! "r1 "o turn 9 t5 in*es4 ,l5g?4 ,! rifle )\t bayonet is #dc4bab in*es long4 ,) bayonet x is #ei4bab in*es long4 ,manufacture4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,rifle is manufactur$ by ! ,gov]nm5t at ,spr+field ,armory1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,rock ,isl& ,ars5al1 ,ill9ois4 ,re> ,sight ,leaf4 ,graduat$ f #ajj to #bhej y>ds4 ,! odd range is on ! "r bran* ( ! leaf1 ! ev5 on ! left4 ,note t ! l9e correspond+ to a range is bel[ a num]al4 ,battle sight is ! position ( ! re> sight 9 :i* ! leaf is laid d[n4 ,! slide %\ld be drawn all ! way hack to secure full advantage ( ! w9dage4 ,x corresponds to a range ( #edg y>ds4 ,r\nds4 ,! rifle w hold six c>tridges4 ,five are c>ri$ 9 ! magaz9e & "o 9 ! *amb]4 ,/ock4 ,made ( walnut wood4 ,oil] & ,?ong ,case4 ,furni%$ = e alt]nate rifle & is c>ri$ 9 butt ( ! /ock4 ,9 "o section is a supply ( oil1 9 ! o!r a ?ong & bru% = clean+ ! bore4 ,9 clean+ by ?is me?od draw ! bru% or rag f ! muzzle t[>d ! bree*4 ,weight4 #h4fi p\nds )\t bayonet4 ,bayonet weighs #a p\nd4 ,,ammunition ,co/4 ,ab\t ?ree & "o-half c5ts p] c>tridge4 ,bullet4 ,has a core ( lead & t9 composition inclos$ 9 a jacket ( cupro-nickel4 ,! jacket be+ t\gh enables ! l&s 9 ! bore to grip ! bullet )\t ruptur+ & to rotate x :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! b>rel4 ,a lead bullet unjacket$ w\ld /rip & pass ?r\gh )\t rotat+4 ,x weighs #aej gra9s & is po9t$ to (f] less resi/ance to ! air4 ,case4 ,made ( brass4 ,! gov]nm5t ammunition is manufactur$ at ,frank=d ,ars5al1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,p[d]4 ,pyrocellulose4 ,! gra9s are cyl9drical1 s+le1 p]=at$1 & graphit$4 ,normal *>ge is #dg-ej gra9s4 ,pressure develop$ 9 ! *amb] is #ea1jjj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,p5etration4 ,?is bullet w p5etrate ! foll[+ mat]ials to dep? /at$ at range ( #ajj y>ds3 ,moi/ s&1 #ad4jb in*es2 loam1 #ag4df in*es2 oak1 #ca4ah in*es2 brick wall1 #e4e in*es2 /eel plate1 4#d in*4 ,dry s& is ! be/ /op4 ,! bullet w p5etrate #f4hh in*es ( x at #ajj y>ds & #ac4ab in*es at #ejj y>ds4 ,range4 ,maximum range1 #dhia4f y>ds1 ab\t #b-c_/d miles7 ) ! muzzle elevat$ #de degrees4 ,! "t ( flight #ch4jeh seconds4 ,velocity4 ,ab\t #bgjj feet p] second at #gj degrees ,f4 ,weight4 ,a complete c>tridge weighs #cie4e gra9s dep5d+ on am\nt ( wat]4 ,x is wat]pro(4 ,,e/imat+ ,,di/ance ,suppose y are out hunt+1 & t y see a big buck on a di/ant hill4 ,suppose t x is exactly #fjj y>ds di/ant f y1 t y are an exp]t %ot1 & t y set y\r sights at #djj y>ds & fire4 ,w y hit ! de] or n8 ,y mu/ "k h[ to guess accurately ! di/ance to a de]1 or a man1 or any?+ else1 if y propose to h any reasonable hope ( hitt+ x4 ,! art ( e/imat+ di/ances ) ! eye c be improv$ by practice4 ,:5 y are 9 ranks1 obs]ve cont9ually y\r surr\nd+s4 ,call att5tion to & make e/imates ( ! di/ances to all ! prom95t objects 9 view4 ,o!rs ne> y w become int]e/$1 & ! int]e/ w soon spread to ! entire company4 ,x w be necess>y = ! objects to be po9t$ out to ^? int]e/$4 ,?is 9 itself is a difficult ?+ to d4 ,to be able quickly to see di/ant objects t are be+ po9t$ out is a milit>y accompli%m5t :i* all soldi]s %\ld possess & :i* comes only ) practice4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,e/imat+ ,,di/ances ,,by ,,! ,,eye #a4 ,decide t ! object _c be m ?an a c]ta9 di/ance away1 or less ?an a c]ta9 di/ance4 ,keep ! e/imate )9 ! close/ possible limits & take ! mean ( ! two e/imates z ! range4 ,= in/ance1 t de] _c be ov] #hjj y>ds away & n less ?an #djj y>ds4 ,y\r e/imat$ di/ance is #fjj y>ds4 #b4 ,select a po9t :i* y ?9k is ! middle po9t ( ! di/ance1 e/imate ! di/ance to ?is middle po9t1 & d\ble y\r e/imate to get y\r range4 ,d ! same ?+ ) half ! di/ance1 if ! object is v f> away4 #c4 ,e/imate ! di/ance along a p>allel l9e1 su* z a telephone l9e or a railroad hav+ on x a well-def9$ l5g? ) :i* y are famili>4 #d4 ,take ! mean ( sev]al e/imates made by sev]al well-in/ruct$ m54 ,?is me?od is us$ 9 battle1 b is n applicable to in/ruction or dur+ te/s4 #a4 ,prelim9>y ,in/ruction ,to e/imate di/ances by ! eye ) accuracy1 x is fir/ necess>y t y become famili> ) ! appe>ance ( ! mo/ conv5i5t unit ( l5g?1 namely #ajj y>ds4 ,/ake (f a di/ance ( #ajj y>ds4 ,subdivide ?is #ajj y>ds into f\r #be-y>d divisions4 ,pace (f ! entire di/ance sev]al times1 & y w soon become famili> ) ! appe>ance ( #ajj y>ds4 ,next1 take a di/ance m ?an #ajj y>ds & comp>e x m5tally ) y\r unit ( measure 7#ajj y>ds7 & make y\r e/imate4 ,v]ify ?is e/imate by pac+ ! di/ance4 ,d ?is once a day = sev]al mon?s1 & y may become highly skill$ 9 ! art ( e/imat+ di/ances4 #b4 ,prelim9>y ,in/ruction ,if y "k h[ a soldi]1 or gr\p ( soldi]s1 looks at ! diff]5t ranges1 x w (t5 assi/ y 9 quickly mak+ an accurate e/imate ( ! di/ance4 ,9 ord] to acquire skill 9 e/imat+ di/ances by ?is me?od "o mu/ h special ex]cises designat$ to demon/rate ! cle>ness ) :i* details ( clo?+1 movem5t ( ! limbs1 etc41 c be obs]v$ at ! diff]5t ranges4 ,h a squad m>* away f y to a di/ance ( #a1bjj y>ds4 ,!n h x approa* y & halt e #ajj y>ds4 ,ea* "t ! squad halts make a m5tal note ( ! di/ance1 & !n obs]ve c>efully its appe>ance1 ! cle>ness ) :i* y c see ! clo?+1 movem5ts ( ! limbs1 etc4 ,,appe>ance ,,( ,,objects ,become famili> ) ! effect :i* ! v>y+ conditions ( light1 backgr\nd1 etc41 h ^u ! app>5t di/ance ( ! object4 ,don't be cont5t to memorize ! foll[+ data1 b g aft] ! und]ly+ reason 9 ea* case4 ,objects seem ne>] ?an !y actually are3 #a4 ,:5 ! object is se5 9 a bright light4 #b4 ,:5 ! color ( ! object contra/s %>ply ) ! color ( ! backgr\nd4 #c4 ,:5 look+ ov] wat]1 sn[1 or a uni=m surface l a :eat field4 #d4 ,:5 look+ f a height d[nw>d4 #e4 ,9 cle> atmosph]e ( high altitudes1 z 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4 ,objects seem m di/ant ?an !y actually are3 #a4 ,:5 look+ ov] a depression 9 ! gr\nd 7across a canyon74 #b4 ,:5 !re is a poor light 7v cl\dy day7 or a fog4 #c4 ,:5 only a "p ( ! object c be se54 #d4 ,:5 look+ f l[ gr\nd upw>d t[>d high] gr\nd4 ,,e/imat+ ,,di/ances ,,by ,,s\nd ,s\nd travels at ! rate ( ab\t #cff y>ds a second4 ,!re=e1 multiply ! numb] ( seconds int]v5+ betwe5 ! fla% ( ! gun & ! report ( ! same by #cff1 & ! product w be ! di/ance 9 y>ds to ! gun4 ,,range-,,f9d+ ,,in/rum5t ,ea* company is equipp$ ) a range-f9d+ in/rum5t4 ,all company (fic]s & s]geants %\ld be pr(ici5t 9 us+ x4 ,! accuracy ( ?is in/rum5t w greatly dep5d ^u ! skill ( ! us]1 & ! visibility ( ! objective4 ,,trial ,,%ots ,,or ,,volleys ,if ! gr\nd is s dry & du/y t ! fall ( ! bullets is visible ?r\gh a glass or ) ! nak$ eye1 a me?od ( det]m9+ ! di/ance is af=d$ by us+ a numb] ( trial %ots or volleys4 ,! me?od ( us+ trial volleys is z foll[s3 ,! sights are rais$ = ! e/imat$ range & "o volley is fir$4 ,if ?is appe>s to hit b little %ort ( ! m>k1 an increase ( elevation ( #ajj y>ds w be us$ = ! next volley4 ,:5 ! object is enclos$ betwe5 two volleys1 a mean ( ! elevation w be adopt$ z ! correct range4 ,! range may be obta9$ f a ne>-by batt]y or ma*9e gun4 ,?is is ! be/ me?od :5 available4--,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 ,,e/imat+ ,,di/ance ,,te/ ,?is te/ is usually held aft] ! record fir+ on ! range has be5 complet$4 ,no di/ance us$ 9 ?is te/ w be less ?an #edg y>ds 7battle sight range7 or m ?an #abjj y>ds1 :i* is consid]$ ! extreme range = effective fire ( individuals or a small comm&4 ,%\ld a soldi] fail ?ree times to make ! necess>y p]c5tage 9 ^! te/s1 8 rifle qualification w be r$uc$ "o grade4 ,= ! specific conditions gov]n+ ?is te/1 see ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 ,,range ,,f9d]s ,five or six enli/$ m51 select$ by ! company ,illu/ration3 ,?is %[s ! pa? ( ! bullet 7,l9e ( ,trajectory7 ( ! #aiag ,rifle 7,enfield74 ,! ,l9e ( ,aim1 we see1 connects ! eye1 ! re> sight1 ! front sight & ! bottom "p ( ! t>get4 ,x is a /raight l9e4 ,we see t ! ,l9e ( ,trajectory crosses ! ,l9e ( ,aim at two po9ts4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ^! po9ts is #deb y>ds4 ,!re=e1 #deb y>ds is ! ,battle ,sight ,range = ! #aiag ,rifle4 ,to hit ! t>get squ>ely :5 x is #bjj y>ds away1 ! ,l9e ( ,aim mu/ be "u x1 z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! #aiag ,,rifle 7,,enfield7 comm&] f ^? mo/ skill$1 w be designat$ z ,range ,f9d]s4 ,^! m5 are practis$ 9 e/imat+ di/ance ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,_! practice w be on v>i$ gr\nd & at di/ances up to #bjjj y>ds4 ,^! m5 assi/ ! company comm&] :5 ! company is on ! def5sive1 9 e/imat+ ! di/ances to ! prom95t objects 9 view be=e ! action comm5ces2 & at o!r times :5 ! company comm&] ne$s _! assi/ance4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,t5t ,,pit*+ ,on ! hike ! camp w be laid out daily 9 advance by a /aff (fic]4 ,! company be+ halt$ & 9 l9e1 ! company comm&] gives ! ord]3 ,,=m ,,= ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 ,! fir/ s]geant & "r guide fall 9 on ! "r ( ! company4 ,! blank files 9 ! squads h to be fill$ by m5 f ! file clos]s1 & ! rema9+ guides & file clos]s =m on ! left flank or at su* places z may be designat$ by ! company comm&]4 ,! company comm&] next gives ! ord]3 #a4 ,take int]val1 #b4 ,to ! left1 #c4 ,,m>*1 #d4 ,company1 #e4 ,,halt4 ,at ! second comm& 7to ! left7 ! re> rank m5 m>* backw>d f\r /eps ( fifte5 in*es ea* & !n halt4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 all face to ! left & ! lead+ man ( ea* rank /eps (f4 ,! rema9+ m5 /ep (f 9 succession1 ea* foll[+ ! prec$+ man at f\r paces4 ,! re> rank m5 m>* abrea/ ( _! file lead]s4 ,! company comm&] gives ! comm& ,,halt :5 all h ga9$ _! int]vals4 ,at ?is comm& all halt & face to ! front1 dress+ to ! "r4 ,! m quickly y dress & e/abli% ! l9e ( t5ts1 ! m quickly y w be reliev$ ( ^? heavy packs4 ,?is is ! "t to brace up & give ! company comm&] y\r support by giv+ him y\r att5tion4 ,if y cov] 9 file accurately z y take int]val y w (t5 be accurately align$ ^u halt+4 ,! next comm& is3 ,,pit* ,,t5ts4 ,at ?is comm& ea* man /eps (f obliquely to ! "r ) ! "r foot 7ab\t ?irty in*es7 & lays 8 rifle on ! gr\nd1 butt to ! re> & ne> ! toe ( ! "r foot1 muzzle to ! front1 b>rel to ! left4 ,he !n /eps back to 8 orig9al position4 ,dur+ ?is process ( gr\nd+ ! rifle1 ! front rank man mu/ keep 8 left foot /rictly 9 its position4 ,ea* front rank man !n draws 8 bayonet f ! scabb>d & /icks x 9 ! gr\nd by ! outside ( 8 "r heel4 ,n[ 9 ord] to insure ! bayonet be+ prop]ly align$1 ?us produc+ a /raight l9e ( t5ts1 ! company (fic]s 7fir/ & second lieut5ants71 sometimes are requir$ to align ! l9e ( bayonets :ile ! m5 are unsl++ & op5+ _! equipm5t4 ,! equipm5t is !n unslung & laid on ! gr\nd4 ,! packs are op5$ & ! %elt] half & p9s remov$ !refrom4 ,ea* man spreads 8 %elt] half1 small triangle to ! re>1 on ! gr\nd t ! t5t is to occupy1 ! re>-rank man's %elt] half be+ on ! "r4 ,!n ! front-& re>-rank m5 button ! halves toge!r1 ! re>-rank man's half on top4 ,! guy loops at ea* end ( ! l[] half are !n pass$ ?r\gh ! button holes provid$ 9 ! l[] & upp] halves2 next ! :ipp$ end ( ! guy rope is pass$ ?r\gh bo? guy loops & secur$2 ?is is done at bo? ends ( ! t5t1 ! re>-rank man work+ at ! re> & ! front-rank man at ! front4 ,ea* front-rank man !n ins]ts ! muzzle ( 8 rifle "u ! front end ( ! t5t & holds ! rifle upright1 sl+ to ! front1 heel ( ! butt on ! gr\nd beside ! bayonet4 ,! re>-rank man comes to ! front ( ! t5t & p9s d[n ! two front corn]s on ! l9e ( bayonets1 /ret*+ ! sides ( ! t5t taut4 ,he !n ins]ts a p9 9 ! loop ( ! front guy rope & drives x 9 ! gr\nd at su* a di/ance 9 front ( ! rifle z to hold ! rope taut4 ,!n bo? m5 proce$+ to ! re> ( ! t5t1 ea* p9s d[n a corn]1 /ret*+ ! sides & re> ( ! t5t taut be=e driv+ ! p9 94 ,! re>-rank man next ins]ts an intr5*+ tool or a bayonet1 9 its scabb>d1 "u ! re> end ( ! t5t1 ! front rank man pegg+ d[n ! end ( ! guy rope4 ,! re/ ( ! p9s are !n driv5 by bo? m51 ! re>-rank man work+ on ! "r4 ,! front flaps ( ! t5t are n fa/5$ d[n1 b ?r[n back on ! t5t4 ,9 pit*+ ! t5t1 x is absolutely necess>y t ! front-& re>-rank m5 "w toge!r4 ,team "w is ess5tial4 ,:5 ! camp site is small1 x is necess>y t ea* ,illu/ration3 ,arrangem5t ( ,field ,equipm5t 9 ,%elt] ,t5t ,elevation company pit* its t5ts 9 two l9es fac+ ea* o!r4 ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s ! arrangem5t ( ! articles ( ! equipm5t :5 !y are laid out = inspection4 ,dur+ ! inspection1 ea* man /&s at att5tion 9 front ( ! corn] p9 ( 8 own %elt] half on a l9e ) ! front guy rope p91 unless ord]$ to ! contr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,signals ,,& ,,codes #a4 ,,g5]al ,,s]vice ,,code4 7,,int]national ,,morse ,,code47 ,us$ = visual 7except semaphore7 & s\nd signal+1 radio telegraphy1 on cables us+ siphon record]s1 9 communication ) ! ,navy1 & 9 intra-field artill]y buzz] communication4 ,a 4 - ,b - 4 4 4 ,c - 4 - 4 ,d - 4 4 ,e 4 ,f 4 4 - 4 ,g - - 4 ,h 4 4 4 4 ,i 4 4 ,j 4 - - - ,k - 4 - ,l 4 - 4 4 ,m - - ,n - 4 ,o - - - ,p 4 - - 4 ,q - - 4 - ,r 4 - 4 ,s 4 4 4 ,t - ,u 4 4 - ,v 4 4 4 - ,w 4 - - ,x - 4 4 - ,y - 4 - - ,z - - 4 4 ,,num]als #a 4 - - - - #b 4 4 - - - #c 4 4 4 - - #d 4 4 4 4 - #e 4 4 4 4 4 #f - 4 4 4 4 #g - - 4 4 4 #h - - - 4 4 #i - - - - 4 #j - - - - - ,,punctuation ,p]iod 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,comma 4 - 4 - 4 - ,int]rogation 4 4 - - 4 4 ,hyph5 or da% - 4 4 4 4 - ,p>5!ses 7be=e & aft] ! words7 - 4 - - 4 - ,quotation m>k 7beg9n+ & end+7 4 - 4 4 - 4 ,exclamation - - 4 4 - - ,apo/rophe 4 - - - - 4 ,semicolon - 4 - 4 - 4 ,colon - - - 4 4 4 ,b> indicat+ fraction - 4 4 - 4 ,und]l9e 7be=e & aft] ! ^w or words x is wi%$ to und]l9e7 4 4 - - 4 - ,d\ble da% 7betwe5 preamble & address1 betwe5 address & body ( message1 betwe5 body ( message & signature1 & imm$iately be=e a fraction7 - 4 4 4 - ,cross 4 - 4 - 4 ,note4--,num]als & punctuations mu/ be spell$ out 9 ! ardois1 z !y require m ?an f\r elem5ts1 :i* is ! limit ( ! ardois keybo>d4 ,! position is ) ! flag or o!r appliance held v]tically1 ! signalman directly fac+ /ation ) :i* x is desir$ to communicate4 ,! dot is to ! "r ( s5d]1 embrac+ an arc ( #ij deg41 />t+ ) ! v]tical & return+ to x4 ,! da% is a simil> motion to left4 ,front is d[nw>d directly 9 front & in/antly return$ to v]tical2 x indicates a pause or conclusion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,conv5tional ,,flag ,,signals ,= communication betwe5 ! fir+ l9e & ! res]ve or comm&] 9 re>1 ! subjo9$ signals 7,signal ,corps codes7 are prescrib$ & %\ld be memoriz$4 ,9 transmission1 _! concealm5t f ! enemy's view %\ld be insur$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( signal flags1 ! head dress or o!r sub/itute may be us$4 ,lett] ( ,if signal$ f ! ,if signal$ f ! ,alphabet re> to ! fir+ l9e fir+ l9e to ! re> ,a ,m ,ammunition go+ =w>d ,ammunition requir$ ,c ,c ,c ,*>ge 7m&atory at all ,am ab\t to *>ge if no times7 in/ructions to ! contr>y ,c ,f ,cease fir+ ,cease fir+ ,d ,t ,d\ble "t or ru% ,d\ble "t or ru% or hurry ,f ,comm5ce fir+ ,comm5ce fir+ ,f ,l ,artill]y fire is caus+ ,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses u losses ,g ,move =w>d ,prep>+ to move =w>d ,h ,h ,h ,halt ,halt ,k ,negative ,negative ,l ,t ,left ,left ,o ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc487 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc487 7,ardois & ,int]rogatory ,int]rogatory semaphore only7 4 4 - - 4 4 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc487 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc487 7,all me?ods ,int]rogatory ,int]rogatory b ardois & semaphore7 ,p ,affirmative ,affirmative ,r ,ackn[l$gm5t ,ackn[l$gm5t ,r ,n ,range ,range ,r ,t ,"r ,"r ,s ,s ,s ,support go+ =w>d ,support ne$$ ,t ,t>get ,t>get ,illu/ration3 ,,two-,,arm ,,semaphore ,,code ,,arm ,,signals ,! foll[+ arm signals are prescrib$4 ,9 mak+ signals ei!r arm may be us$4 ,(fic]s :o receive signals on ! fir+ l9e repeat back at once to prev5t misund]/&+4 ,illu/ration3 ,=w>d ,=w>d1 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 /raight5 & hold ! arm horizontally1 ?ru/+ x 9 ! direction ( m>*4 ,?is signal is also us$ to execute quick "t f d\ble "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,halt3 ,arm held /ation>y4 ,d\ble ,"t3 ,arm mov$ up & d[n sev]al times4 ,,halt4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]4 ,?ru/ ! h& upw>d & hold ! arm v]tically4 ,d\ble "t1 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 rapidly ?ru/ ! h& upw>d ! full ext5t ( ! arm sev]al times4 ,illu/ration3 ,squads ,"r ,squads "r1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x to a v]tical position above ! head & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & horizontal positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,squads ,left ,squads left1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x d[nw>d to ! side & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! d[nw>d & horizontal positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ! re> ,squads ,"r ,ab\t ,squads "r ab\t1 ,,m>* 7if 9 close ord]7 or1 ,to ! re>1 ,,m>* 7if 9 skirmi% l9e74 ,ext5d ! arm v]tically above ! head2 c>ry x lat]ally d[nw>d to ! side1 & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & d[nw>d positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ange direction ,*ange direction or ,column "r 7left71 ,,m>*4 ,! h& on ! side t[>d :i* ! *ange ( direction is to be made is c>ri$ across ! body to ! opposite %\ld]1 =e>m horizontal2 !n sw+ 9 a horizontal plane1 arm ext5d$1 po9t+ 9 ! new direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,z ,skirmi%]s ,z skirmi%]s1 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal4 ,illu/ration3 ,z ,skirmi%]s ,guide ,c5t] ,z skirmi%]s1 guide c5t]1 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 sw+ bo? simultane\sly upw>d until v]tical1 & return to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,illu/ration3 ,z ,skirmi%]s ,guide "r ,z skirmi%]s1 guide "r 7left71 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 hold ! arm on ! side ( ! guide /eadily 9 ! horizontal position2 sw+ ! o!r upw>d until v]tical1 & return x to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,illu/ration3 ,assemble ,assemble1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm v]tically to its full ext5t & describe horizontal circles4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ann\nce range ,battle sight ,range or ,*ange ,elevation4 ,to ann\nce range1 ext5d ! arm t[>d ! lead]s or m5 = :om ! signal is int5d$1 fi/ clos$2 by keep+ ! fi/ clos$ battle sight is indicat$2 ,illu/ration3 ,range #cjj ,or increase by #cjj by op5+ & clos+ ! fi/1 expose ?umb & f+]s to a numb] equal to ! hundr$s ( y>ds2 ,illu/ration3 ,add #ej to add #ej y>ds describe a %ort horizontal l9e ) =ef+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,decrease by #ejj ,to *ange elevation1 indicate ! am\nt ( increase or decrease by f+]s z above2 po9t upw>d to indicate increase & d[nw>d to indicate decrease4 ,illu/ration3 ,:at range are y us+ or3 ,:at is ! range ,:at range are y us+8 or ,:at is ! range8 ,ext5d ! arms t[>d ! p]son address$1 "o h& op51 palm to ! front1 re/+ on ! o!r h&1 fi/ clos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,are y ready or3 ,i am ready ,are y ready8 or ,i am ready4 ,raise ! h&1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm t[>d ! p]son address$4 ,illu/ration3 ,comm5ce ,fir+ ,comm5ce fir+4 ,move ! arm ext5d$ 9 full l5g?1 h& palm d[n1 sev]al times ?r\gh a horizontal arc 9 front ( ! body4 ,fire fa/]4 ,execute rapidly ! signal ,comm5ce fir+4 ,fire sl[]4 ,execute sl[ly ! signal ,comm5ce fir+4 ,illu/ration3 ,to sw+ cone ( fire to "r ,sw+ ! cone ( fire to ! "r1 or left4 ,ext5d ! arm 9 full l5g? to ! front1 palm to ! "r 7left72 sw+ ! arm to "r 7left71 & po9t 9 ! direction ( ! new t>get4 ,fix bayonet4 ,simulate ! movem5t ( ! "r h& 9 ,fix bayonet4 ,illu/ration3 ,susp5d fir+4 ,= ,cease fir+--,sw+ arm up & d[n sev]al times4 ,susp5d fir+4 ,raise & hold ! =e>m /eadily 9 a horizontal position 9 front ( ! =ehead1 palm ( ! h& to ! front4 ,cease fir+4 ,raise ! =e>m z 9 susp5d fir+ & sw+ x up & d[n sev]al times 9 front ( ! face4 ,illu/ration3 ,platoon ,platoon4 ,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 describe small circles ) ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,squad ,squad4 ,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 sw+ ! h& up & d[n f ! wri/4 ,ru%4 ,same z d\ble "t4 ,use ( ! platoon & squad signals4 ,! signals platoon & squad are int5d$ prim>ily = communication betwe5 ! capta9 & 8 platoon lead]s4 ,! signal platoon or squad indicates t ! platoon comm&] is to cause ! signal :i* foll[s to be execut$ by platoon or squad4 ,y w obs]ve t 9 no case is ! "r h& or ! left h& specifi$4 ,! (fic] may ei!r face ! company or h 8 back t[>d x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,to ,,! ,,injur$ ,9 ! army1 z 9 civilian life1 y are v (t5 y\r bro!r's keep]1 z well z y\r own4 ,doctors _c accompany a sc\t1 a patrol1 or ! fir+ l9e4 ,!y are seldom pres5t :5 a man falls ov]bo>d4 ,:5 a soldi] on ! fir+ l9e is w\nd$1 he may rema9 = sev]al h\rs :]e he falls4 ,he1 or 8 comrade1 b&ages ! w\nd4 ,suppose y are w\nd$1 bitt5 by a snake1 etc41 :at w\ld y d8 ,y may h to give a practical answ] to ^! que/ions at "s "t dur+ y\r life4 ,?is *apt] tells y :at to d & :at n to d 9 case ( ! mo/ frequ5t disabl+ accid5ts t may befall a soldi] or a civilian4 ,ask y\r "m1 fa!r1 old] bro!rs1 & si/]s to read x4 ,"p ( x is = !m4 ,,fir/-,,aid ,,packet ,ea* soldi] c>ries on 8 belt a fir/-aid packet4 ,?is packet conta9s two p]fectly pure b&ages & a c\ple ( safety p9s4 ,x %\ld be air tight4 ,exam9e y\rs e week & if ! seal is defective1 ask y\r capta9 = a new packet4 ,,cautions #a4 ,act quickly b quietly4 ,be calm & quiet4 ,don't lose y\r head4 #b4 ,make ! injur$ p>ty sit or lie d[n4 #c4 ,see ! injury cle>ly be=e treat+ x4 ,s5d = a doctor if ! w\nd is s]i\s4 #d4 ,d n remove m clo?+ ?an is necess>y to exam9e ! injury4 ,always rip1 or1 if y _c rip1 cut ! clo!s f ! injur$ "p4 ,don't pull ! clo!s (f4 #e4 ,give alcoholic /imulants cauti\sly & sl[ly1 & only :5 ! pati5t feels weak or dr[sy4 ,hot c(fee or tea w (t5 suffice :5 obta9able4 #f4 ,keep f ! pati5t all p]sons n actually ne$$ to assi/ y4 #g4 ,d n t\* a w\nd ) y\r f+]s4 ,if ! w\nd is dirty1 remove ! dirt z well z possible1 ) ! fir/-aid b&age4 #h4 ,don't p\r into ! w\nd any wat] f y\r cante5 = ! purpose ( wa%+ x out or wa%+ ! blood f ar\nd ! w\nd4 ,wat] (t5 conta9s g]ms & ! sk9 ar\nd ! w\nd may be dirty4 ,if wat] is p\r$ into ! w\nd x c>ries or wa%es into ! same ^! g]ms & dirt1 & ! w\nd w become infect$4 #i4 ,heat & moi/ure increases ! activity ( ! g]m ( infection4 ,!re=e keep ! w\nd cool & dry4 #aj4 ,if ! blood is sc>let 9 color & appe>s 9 spurts1 s5d at once = a doctor & !n take ! necess>y measures 7apply a t\rniquet7 to /op ! fl[ ( blood4 #aa4 ,if ! pati5t loses consci\sness1 x w probably be because insuffici5t blood is rea*+ ! bra94 ,l[] y\r pati5t's head & give all y\r att5tion to /opp+ ! ble$+4 ,,bullet ,,w\nd ,if y receive a bullet w\nd1 don't get excit$ or lose y\r head4 ,a bullet w\nd 9 ! muscle or s(t p>ts ( ! body causes little pa9 &1 if prop]ly dress$1 heals 9 ab\t two to ?ree weeks4 ,protect ! op5+s :]e ! bullet ent]$ & came out ) ! b&ages f\nd 9 ! fir/-aid packet4 ,don't t\* ! w\nd ) y\r f+]s4 ,remove suffici5t clo?+ to see ! w\nds4 ,!n1 & n be=e1 op5 ! fir/-aid packet & c>efully unfold 7op57 ! compress 7pad f\nd 9 ! middle ( ea* b&age7 & place x ov] ! w\nd & wrap ! ends ( ! b&age fairly tight ar\nd ! limb & fa/5 ) ! safety p94 ,if "o compress is n l>ge en\gh to cov] ! entire w\nd1 use ! second b&age4 ,?is b&ag+ w /op ord9>y ble$+4 ,su* a dress+ may be all t is ne$$ = sev]al days4 ,x is bett] to leave a w\nd undress$ ?an to dress x c>elessly or ignorantly1 s t ! dress+ mu/ be remov$4 ,,/opp+ ,,ble$+ ,if ! blood is d>k blue & ! /ream is cont9u\s1 a ve9 has be5 punctur$ :i*1 9 itself1 is n ord9>ily dang]\s4 ,! b&ag+ ( su* a w\nd w usually /op ! fl[ ( blood4 ,b&age firmly4 ,rememb] all w\nds ble$ a little1 b t1 z a rule1 ?is ble$+ w /op 9 a few m9utes if ! pati5t rema9s quiet4 ,if ! blood is bright r$ & appe>s 9 spurts1 an art]y has be5 punctur$1 & ! fl[ ( blood mu/ be /opp$ or ! pati5t w ble$ to dea?4 ,to d ?is1 apply a pressure to ! art]y at "s po9t betwe5 ! w\nd & ! he>t4 ,press ! art]y aga9/ ! bone4 ,?is c usually be done = a %ort "t ) ! f+]s4 ,h[ev] x w usually he necess>y to use an improvis$ t\rniquet4 ,tie ! b&age ( ! fir/-aid packet ar\nd ! limb s t ! compress 7pad7 w press ! art]y aga9/ ! bone4 ,slip "u ! compress & ov] ! art]y a small /one4 ,pass a /ick "u ! b&age & turn ! /ick ar\nd sl[ly until ! slack is tak5 up & ! ble$+ /ops4 ,!n tie ! /ick z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,illu/ration ,aft] ! t\rniquet has be5 9 place = an h\r1 loos5 x & if no blood fl[s all[ x to rema9 loose4 ,if x aga9 ble$s tight5 x quickly & loos5 aga9 at ! end ( an h\r4 ,! foll[+ illu/rations1 %[ ! usual places :]e t\rniquets are appli$ or :]e pressure c be appli$ to ! art]ies ) ! ?umb3 ,illu/ration3 ,,w\nd ,,9 ,,%\ld] ,illu/ration3 ,,w\nd ,,9 ,,arm ,illu/ration3 ,,w\nd ,,9 ,,head ,illu/ration3 ,,w\nd ,,9 ,,leg ,,brok5 ,,bone 7,,fracture7 ,! next injury y mu/ "k is a brok5 bone4 ,y w usually "k :5 an arm or leg is brok5 by ! way ! arm or leg is held1 = ! w\nd$ man loses control ov] ! limb4 ,suppose y\r comrade breaks 8 leg or arm4 ,:at w\ld y d8 ,/raight5 ! limb g5tly1 pull+ ^u ! end ( x quietly & firmly s t ! two ends ( ! brok5 bone w n ov]lap4 ,next1 reta9 ! limb 9 its /raight5$ position by su* spl9ts & o!r mat]ial z ! boot ( a c>b9e1 a piece ( bo>d1 a piece ( t9 gutt]4 ,pad ! mat]ial y use4 ,tie x to ! brok5 limb z %[n 9 ! foll[+ illu/rations4 ,nev] place a b&age ov] ! fracture4 ,see ,illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brok5 ,,arm ,illu/ration3 ,,brok5 ,,leg ,illu/ration3 ,,brok5 ,,leg ,,dr[n+ ,be+ "u wat] = ov] f\r or five m9utes is g5]ally fatal1 b1 unless y "k ! body has be5 subm]g$ a long "t1 make an attempt to re/ore life4 ,don't get di%e>t5$ & give up1 if y see no signs ( life aft] a few m9utes' "w4 ,"w on ! body = at lea/ an h\r4 ,y\r comrade's lifeless body has j be5 pull$ out ( ! wat]4 ,:at d y d8 ,y are alone4 #a4 ,don't wa/e "t 9 remov+ 8 clo!s4 #b4 ,rea* y\r f+] 9 8 m\? & /raight5 out 8 tongue4 #c4 ,lay him on 8 /oma*2 !n /raddle him2 rea* bo? arms "u 8 /oma*2 raise 8 hips two feet f ! gr\nd & jo/le him4 ,?is dra9s ! wat] f ! /oma* & lungs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pressure ,,ex]t$ #d4 ,lay him on 8 /oma*2 turn 8 head to "o side s 8 nose & m\? d n t\* ! gr\nd2 ext5d 8 arms beyond 8 head 7see illu/ration72 locate 8 l[e/ 7#ab?7 rib2 place h&1 f+]1 & ?umb clos$ 7see illu/ration7 on body s t ! little f+] curls ov] ! #ab? rib2 hold y\r arms & wri/s /raight & lean =w>d sl[ly s ! weight ( ! upp] "p ( y\r body w be br\ght to be> gradually ^u y\r comrade's ribs 7see illu/ration72 let ?is pressure cont9ue = ab\t ?ree seconds2 !n remove x sudd5ly by remov+ ! h&s4 ,apply ?is pressure at ! rate ( f #ab to #ae times a m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pressure ,,relax$ #e4 ,d n attempt to give him any k9d ( liquids :ile he is unconsci\s4 #f4 ,apply w>m blankets z soon z possible4 #g4 ,nev] say ,he is dead--,"w on 8 body = at lea/ an h\r4 ,,sun/roke--7,,! ,,sk9 ,,is ,,hot7 ,a sun/roke is accompani$ by ! foll[+ symptoms3 heada*e1 dizz9ess1 s5se ( oppression1 nausea1 color$ vision1 & (t5 ! pati5t becomes ins5sible4 ,! muscles are relax$1 face flu%$1 sk9 hot1 pulse rapid1 & ! temp]ature rises4 ,! brea?+ is labor$4 ,treatm5t3 ,r$uce ! temp]ature z rapidly z possible1 ) ice or cold wat]2 get ! pati5t 9 ! %ade4 ,loos5 clo?+4 ,,heat ,,exhau/ion--7,,! ,,sk9 ,,is ,,cool7 ,symptoms3 ,nausea1 a /agg]+ gait1 pulse is weak1 & ! pati5t may quickly become unconsci\s4 ,! sk9 is cool4 ,?is condition is dang]\s4 ,treatm5t3 ,rub ! limbs vigor\sly4 ,give /imulants2 apply heat4 ,,burns ,d n pull ! clo?+ f ! burnt "p1 b rip or cut x (f4 ,d n break ! bli/]s or prick !m ev5 if l>ge4 ,treatm5t3 ,protect x quickly ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( l9se$ or olive oil & wat]4 ,,freez+ ,,& ,,fro/bite ,symptom3 ,! "p froz5 appe>s :ite or blui% & is cold4 ,treatm5t3 ,raise ! temp]ature ( ! froz5 memb] sl[ly by rubb+ x ) sn[ or ice & wat]1 9 a cool place4 ,don't g ne> a fire4 ,,fa9t+ ,symptom3 ,loss ( consci\sness4 ,x is usually ! result ( sev]e ble$+ or exhau/ion f fatigue4 ,?is condition is r>ely dang]\s4 ,treatm5t3 ,lay ! pati5t on 8 back1 head a little l[] ?an re/ ( body1 arms by side1 feet ext5d$4 ,rub ! limbs4 ,spr9kle wat] on ! face & give /imulants if necess>y4 ,,poison+ ,treatm5t3 ,s5d = a doctor at once4 ,empty ! /oma* & b[els4 ,give two tablespoons full ( mu/>d & w>m wat] or a tablespoon full ( salt 9 a glass ( wat] to produce vomit+4 ,!n give a purgative4 ,tickle ?roat ) f+] or fea!r 9 case mu/>d or salt are n procurable4 ,aft] ! poison has be5 evacuat$1 give /imulants & apply heat & rubb+ ext]nally4 ,,snake ,,bite ,9 snake bites ! poison acts quickly4 ,treatm5t3 ,apply a t\rniquet betwe5 ! w\nd & ! he>t s z to /op ! circulation & prev5t ! sy/em f absorb+ ! poison4 ,get out y\r knife & make a c\ple ( cross cuts ?r\gh ! w\nd s x w ble$ freely4 ,!n suck ! poison f ! w\nd & spit ! poison out4 ,if y\r lips are lac]at$ !re is dang] 9 ?is me?od b x is y\r duty to take ?is *ance 9 ord] to save y\r comrade's life4 ,aft] suck+ out ! w\nd1 heat y\r knife & burn x out4 ,,/oma* ,,w\nds ,s5d = a doctor4 ,lie p]fectly quiet4 ,don't lose y\r head & don't attempt to crawl to help or to /ir ar\nd4 ,place a clean piece ( clo? ov] ! w\nd & keep x con/antly wet ) a solution ( salt wat]4 ,if ! w\nd is 9 ! /oma*1 x is bett] to lie p]fectly quiet on ! battle field = a day or two until f\nd ?an to crawl to assi/ance4 ,,*af+ ,treatm5t3 ,keep p>ts dry1 use talcum p[d]s & keep p>ts sep>at$ by a lay] ( absorb5t cotton4 ,,ext+ui%+ ,,burn+ ,,clo!s ,treatm5t3 ,lie d[n on ! floor & roll up z tightly z possible 9 a rug blanket1 etc41 leav+ only ! head out4 ,if no?+ c be obta9$ 9 :i* to wrap y\rself1 lie d[n & roll ov] sl[ly & at ! same "t beat out ! fire ) y\r h&s4 ,flames %oot upw>d4 ,9 ord] to get !m away f ! head1 lie d[n4 ,don't run1 x only fans ! flames4 ,if ano!r p]son's clo?+ cat*es fire1 ?r[ him to ! gr\nd & smo!r ! fire z j describ$4 ,,gas ,mo/ ( ! gas us$ on ! battlefield today is deadly4 ,:5 a gas %ell explodes !re are two k9ds ( m53 ,quick m5 & ,dead m54 ,! quick m5 put on _! gas masks1 :i* conta9 *emicals t neutralize ! poison\s air4 ,treatm5t3 ,:5 a man is slightly gass$ don't all[ him to move ar\nd or to remove 8 mask4 ,h him lie d[n & re/4 ,loos5 8 clo!s ar\nd 8 neck & *e/ s he c brea! freely4 ,keep him w>m4 ,:5 ! gas has be5 remov$ f ! tr5*1 take (f 8 mask & give spirits ( ammonia4 ,,app5dix ,,tables ,,( ,,organization 7,= ,ref]5ce ,only7 ,,infantry ,,company ,commission$ ,(fic]s ,capta94 #a #a/ ,lieut5ant4 #a #bnd ,lieut5ant4 #a -- ,total #c ,enli/$ ,/r5g? #a/ ,s]geant4 #a ,mess ,s]geant4 #a ,supply ,s]geant4 #a ,s]geants4 #h ,corporals4 #ag ,cooks4 #c ,bugl]s4 #b ,me*anics4 #b ,privates1 #a/ class4 #bh ,privates4 #hg --- ,total #aej ,,infantry ,,battalion ,f\r companies ( infantry4 7,!re are ?ree battalions 9 a regim5t ( infantry47 ,,infantry ,,drill ,,regulations1 #aiaa ,,= ,,use ,,) ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,rifle1 ,,model1 #aiag 7,,enfield7 ,= troops arm$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates rifle1 ,model #aiag 7,enfield71 ! alt]native p>agraphs publi%$ h]e) w gov]n4 ,by ord] ( ! ,security ( ,w>3 ,,hugh ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n1 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! piece ,fir/4 ,! piece is n c>ri$ ) c>tridges 9 ei!r ! *amb] or ! magaz9e except :5 specially od]$4 ,:5 s load$1 or suppos$ to be load$1 x is habitually c>ri$ lock$2 t is1 ) ! safety lock turn$ to ! ,safe4 ,at all o!r times x is c>ri$ unlock$1 ) ! trigg] pull$4 ,second4 ,:5ev] troops are =m$ "u arms1 pieces are imm$iately inspect$ at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,,ord] 7,"r %\ld]1 port71 #d4 ,,arms4 ,a simil> inspection is made imm$iately be=e dismissal4 ,if c>tridges are f\nd 9 ! *amb] or magaz9e !y are remov$ & plac$ 9 ! belt4 ,?ird4 ,! bayonet is n fix$ except 9 bayonet ex]cise1 on gu>d1 or = combat4 ,f\r?4 ,fall 9 is execut$ ) ! piece at ord] arms4 ,fall out1 re/1 & at ease are execut$ z )\t arms4 ,on resum+ att5tion ! position ( ord] arms is tak54 ,fif?4 ,if at ! ord]1 unless o!rwise prescrib$1 ! piece is br\ght to ! "r %\ld] at ! comm& ,,m>*1 ! ?ree motions correspond+ ) ! fir/ ?ree /eps4 ,movem5ts may be execut$ at ! trail by prefac+ ! prep>atory comm& ) ! words at trail2 z #a4 ,,at ,,trail1 ,,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! trail is tak5 at ! comm& ,,m>*4 ,:5 ! fac+s1 alignm5ts1 op5 & close ranks1 tak+ int]val or di/ance1 & assembl+s are execut$ f ! ord]1 raise ! piece to ! trail :ile 9 motion & resume ! ord] on halt+4 ,six?4 ,! piece is br\ght to ! ord] on halt+4 ,! execution ( ! ord] beg9s :5 ! halt is complet$4 ,sev5?4 ,a dis5gag$ h& 9 d\ble "t is held z :5 )\t arms4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,,unfix1 #b4 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 ,execute p>ade re/2 grasp ! h&le ( ! bayonet firmly ) ! "r h&1 press+ ! spr+ ) ! =ef+] ( ! left h&2 raise ! bayonet until ! h&le is ab\t #ab in*es above ! muzzle ( ! piece2 drop ! po9t to ! left1 back ( ! h& t[>d ! body1 &1 glanc+ at ! scabb>d1 return ! bayonet1 ! blade pass+ betwe5 ! left arm & ! body2 regrasp ! piece ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 ,take ! bayonet f ! rifle ) ! left h& & return x to ! scabb>d 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,if m>*+ or ly+ d[n1 ! bayonet is fix$ & unfix$ 9 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & conv5i5t mann] & ! piece return$ to ! orig9al position4 ,fix & unfix bayonet are execut$ ) promptness & regul>ity1 b n 9 cad5ce4 ,be+ at inspection arms2 #a4 ,,ord] 7,"r %\ld]1 port71 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& press ! foll[] d[n ) ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 !n pu% ! bolt =w>d j en\gh to engage ! foll[]1 raise ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 pu% ! bolt =w>d1 turn ! h&le d[n1 pull ! trigg]1 & resume port arms4 ,at ! comm& ,,arms1 complete ! movem5t ord]$4 ,,to ,,load ,be+ 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e at halt3 #a4 ,,) ,,dummy 7,blank or ball7 ,,c>tridges1 #b4 ,,load4 ,at ! comm& load ea* front rank man or skirmi%] faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot to ! "r1 ab\t #a foot1 to su* position z w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess ( ! body2 raises or l[]s ! piece & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock & ! muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/4 ,) ! "r h& he turns & draws ! bolt back1 takes a load$ clip & ins]ts ! ends 9 ! clip slots1 places ! ?umb on ! p[d] space ( ! top c>tridge1 ! f+]s ext5d+ ar\nd ! piece & tips re/+ on ! magaz9e floor plate2 =ces ! c>tridges into ! magaz9e by press+ d[n ) ! ?umb2 )\t remov+ ! clip1 ?ru/s ! bolt home1 turn+ d[n ! h&le2 turns ! safety lock to ! ,safe & c>ries ! h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,ea* re> rank man moves to ! "r front1 takes a simil> position opposite ! int]val to ! "r ( 8 front rank man1 muzzle ( ! piece ext5d+ beyond ! front rank1 & loads4 ,a skirmi% l9e may load :ile mov+1 ! pieces be+ held z ne>ly z practicable 9 ! position ( load4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+1 ! position ( ! piece is simil>2 if kneel+1 ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh2 if sitt+1 ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,if ly+ d[n1 ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,= ref]5ce1 ^! positions 7/&+1 kneel+1 & ly+ d[n7 are designat$ z t ( load4 ,= purposes ( simulat$ fir+1 #a4 ,,simulate1 #b4 ,,load1 raise ! bolt h&le z 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 draw ! bolt back until ! cock+ piece engages1 !n close ! bole1 & turn ! bolt h&le d[n4 ,! recruits are fir/ taught to simulate load+ & fir+2 aft] a few lessons dummy c>tridges are us$4 ,lat] blank c>tridges may be us$4 ,,to ,,unload ,unload3 ,take ! position ( load1 turn ! safety lock up & move ! bolt alt]nately backw>d & =w>d until all ! c>tridges are eject$4 ,aft] ! la/ c>tridge is eject$ ! *amb] is clos$ by press+ ! foll[] d[n ) ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 to engage x "u ! bolt1 & !n ?ru/+ ! bolt home4 ,! trigg] is pull$4 ,! c>tridges are !n pick$ up1 clean$1 & return$ to ! belt & ! piece is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,to cont9ue ! fir+3 #a4 ,,aim1 #b4 ,,squad1 #c4 ,,fire4 ,ea* comm& is execut$ z previ\sly expla9$4 ,load is execut$ by draw+ back & ?ru/+ home ! bolt ) ! "r h&1 leav+ ! safety lock at ! ,ready4 ,cease fir+3 ,fir+ /ops2 pieces are load$ & lock$2 ! sights are laid d[n & ! piece is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,cease fir+ is us$ = long pauses to prep>e = *anges ( position or to /eady ! m54 ,,company ,,inspection ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,,op5 ,,ranks1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>* ! front rank executes "r dress2 ! re> rank & ! file clos]s m>* backw>d #d /eps1 halt1 & execute "r dress2 ! lieut5ants pass ar\nd _! respective flanks & take po/1 fac+ to ! front1 #c paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( _! respective platoons4 ,! capta9 aligns ! front rank1 re> rank1 & file clos]s1 takes po/ #c paces 9 front ( ! "r guide1 fac+ to ! left1 & comm&s3 #c4 ,,front1 #d4 ,,prep>e ,,= ,,inspection4 ,at ! second comm& ! lieut5ants c>ry sab]2 ! capta9 returns sab] & inspects !m1 aft] :i* !y face ab\t1 ord] sab]1 & /& at ease2 ^u ! completion ( ! inspection !y c>ry sab]1 face ab\t1 & ord] sab]4 ,! capta9 may direct ! lieut5ants to accompany or assi/ h9t1 9 :i* case !y return sab] &1 at ! close ( ! inspection1 resume _! po/s 9 front ( ! company1 draw & c>ry sab]4 ,hav+ inspect$ ! lieut5ants1 ! capta9 proce$s to ! "r ( ! company4 ,ea* man1 z ! capta9 approa*es him1 executes inspection arms4 ,! capta9 takes ! piece1 grasp+ x ) 8 "r h& j bel[ ! l[] b&1 ! man dropp+ 8 h&s2 ! capta9 inspects ! piece1 &1 ) ! h& & piece 9 ! same position z 9 receiv+ x1 h&sit back to ! man1 :o takes x ) ! left h& at ! balance & executes ord] arms4 ,z ! capta9 returns ! piece ! next man executes inspection arms1 & s on ?r\gh ! company4 ,%\ld ! piece be inspect$ )\t h&l+1 ea* man executes ord] arms z soon z ! capta9 passes to ! next man4 ,! inspection is f "r to left 9 front1 & f left to "r 9 re> ( ea* rank & ( ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,:5 approa*$ by ! capta9 ! fir/ s]geant executes inspection sab]4 ,enli/$ m5 arm$ ) ! pi/ol execute inspection pi/ol by draw+ ! pi/ol f ! hol/] & hold+ x diagonally across ! body1 b>rel up1 & #f in*es 9 front ( ! neck1 muzzle po9t+ up & to ! left4 ,! pi/ol is return$ to ! hol/] z soon z ! capta9 passes4 ,^u completion ( ! inspection ! capta9 takes po/ fac+ to ! left 9 front ( ! "r guide & on l9e ) ! lieut5ants & comm&s3 #a4 ,,close ,,ranks1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>* ! lieut5ants resume _! po/s 9 l9e2 ! re> rank closes to #dj in*es1 ea* man cov]+ 8 file lead]2 ! file clos]s close to #b paces f ! re> rank4 ,,in=mation ,,= ,,s*ools ,,& ,,colleges ,,arm$ ,,) ,,rifles1 ,,model #ahih4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,(fice ( ! ,*ief ( ,/aff1 ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb] #b1 #aiaa4 ,! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaa1 h be5 prep>$ = ! use ( troops arm$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates magaz9e rifle1 model #aijc4 ,= ! guidance ( organizations arm$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates magaz9e rifle1 model #ahih1 ! foll[+ alt]native p>agraphs are publi%$ & w be consid]$ z sub/itute p>agraphs = ! correspond+ p>agraphs 9 ! text4 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,leon>d ,wood1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,rules ,,gov]n+ ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,( ,,! ,,piece4 ,?ird4 ,! cut-(f is kept turn$ d[n1 except :5 us+ ! magaz9e4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,unfix1 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 ,take ! position ( p>ade re/1 grasp ! h&le ( ! bayonet firmly ) ! "r h&1 press ! spr+ ) ! =ef+] ( ! left h&1 raise ! bayonet until ! h&le is ab\t #f in*es above ! muzzle ( ! piece1 drop ! po9t to ! left1 back ( h& t[>d ! body1 &1 glanc+ at ! scabb>d1 return ! bayonet1 ! blade pass+ betwe5 ! left arm & body2 regrasp ! piece ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 ,take ! bayonet f ! rifle ) ! left h& & return x to ! scabb>d 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,if m>*+ or ly+ d[n1 ! bayonet is fix$ & unfix$ 9 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & conv5i5t mann] & ! piece return$ to ! orig9al position4 ,fix & unfix bayonet are execut$ ) promptness & regul>ity1 b n 9 cad5ce4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! second comm&1 take ! position ( port arms 7,,two74 ,) ! "r h& op5 ! magaz9e gate1 turn ! bolt h&le up1 draw ! bolt back & glance at ! magaz9e & *amb]4 ,hav+ f\nd !m empty1 or hav+ empti$ !m1 raise ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,be+ at inspection arms3 #a4 ,ord] 7,"r %\ld]1 port71 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! prep>atory comm&1 pu% ! bolt =w>d1 turn ! h&le d[n1 close ! magaz9e gate1 pull ! trigg]1 & resume port arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 complete ! movem5t ord]$4 ,pieces be+ load$ & 9 ! position ( load1 to execute o!r movem5ts ) ! pieces load$3 #a4 ,lock1 #b4 ,,pieces4 ,at ! comm& ,pieces turn ! safety lock fully to ! "r4 ,! safety lock is said to be at ! ready :5 turn$ to ! left1 & at ! safe :5 turn$ to ! "r4 ,! cut-(f is said to be on :5 turn$ up & (f :5 turn$ d[n4 ,be+ 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e at halt3 #a4 ,) dummy 7blank or ball7 c>tridges1 #b4 ,,load4 ,at ! comm& load ea* front-rank man or skirmi%] faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot to ! "r1 ab\t "o foot1 to su* position z w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess ( ! body2 raises or l[]s ! piece & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock1 muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/4 ,) ! "r h& he turns & draws ! bolt back1 takes a c>tridge betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s & places x 9 ! receiv]2 places palm ( ! h& aga9/ ! back ( ! bolt h&le2 ?ru/s ! bolt home ) a quick motion1 turn+ d[n ! h&le1 & c>ries ! h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,ea* re>-rank man moves to ! "r front1 takes a simil> position opposite ! int]val to ! "r ( 8 front-rank man1 muzzle ( ! piece ext5d+ beyond ! front rank1 & loads4 ,a skirmi% l9e may load :ile mov+1 ! pieces be+ held z ne>ly z practicable 9 ! position ( load4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+ ! position ( ! piece is simil>2 if kneel+ ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh2 if sitt+ ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,if ly+ d[n ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,= ref]5ce1 ^! positions 7/&+1 kneel+1 & ly+ d[n7 are designat$ z t ( load4 ,,fill ,,magaz9e4 ,take ! position ( load1 if n already !re1 op5 ! gate ( ! magaz9e ) ! "r ?umb1 take five c>tridges f ! box or belt1 & place !m1 ) ! bullets to ! front1 9 ! magaz9e1 turn+ ! b>rel slightly to ! left to facilitate ! ins]tion ( ! c>tridges2 close ! gate & c>ry ! "r h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,to load f ! magaz9e ! comm& ,f magaz9e w be giv5 prec$+ t ( ,,load2 ! cut-(f w be turn$ up on com+ to ! position ( load4 ,to resume load+ f ! belt ! comm& ,f belt w be giv5 prec$+ ! comm& ,,load2 ! cut-(f w be turn$ d[n on com+ to ! position ( load4 ,! comm&s f magaz9e & f belt1 indicat+ ! *ange 9 ! mann] ( load+1 w n be repeat$ 9 subsequ5t comm&s4 ,! words f belt apply to c>tridge box z well z belt4 ,9 load+ f ! magaz9e c>e %\ld be tak5 to pu% ! bolt fully =w>d & turn ! h&le d[n be=e draw+ ! bolt back1 z o!rwise ! extractor w n cat* ! c>tridge 9 ! *amb]1 & jamm+ w occur ) ! c>tridge foll[+4 ,to fire f ! magaz9e1 ! comm& ,,magaz9e ,,fire may be giv5 at any "t4 ,! cut-(f is turn$ up & an increas$ rate ( fire is execut$4 ,aft] ! magaz9e is exhau/$ ! cut-(f is turn$ d[n & ! fir+ cont9u$1 load+ f ! belt4 ,magaz9e fire is employ$ only :51 9 ! op9ion ( ! platoon lead] or company comm&]1 ! maximum rate ( fire becomes necess>y4 ,,unload4 ,all take ! position ( load1 turn ! cut-(f up1 if n already !re1 turn ! safety lock to ! left1 & alt]nately op5 & close ! *amb] until all ! c>tridges are eject$4 ,aft] ! la/ c>tridge is eject$ ! *amb] is clos$ & ! trigg] pull$4 ,! c>tridges are !n pick$ up1 clean$1 & return$ to ! box or belt1 & ! piece br\ght to ! ord]4 ,,clip ,,fire4 ,turn ! cut-(f up3 fire at w 7reload+ f ! magaz9e7 until ! c>tridges 9 ! piece are exhau/$2 turn ! cut-(f d[n2 fill magaz9e2 reload & take ! position ( susp5d fir+4 ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,fir+ /ops2 pieces n already !re are br\ght to ! position ( load1 ! cut-(f turn$ d[n if fir+ f magaz9e1 ! c>tridge is drawn or ! empty %ell is eject$1 ! trigg] is pull$1 sights are laid d[n1 & ! piece is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,cease fir+ is us$ = long pauses to prep>e = *anges ( position or to /eady ! m54 ,,index ,ab\t face1 #cd ,advance1 company1 #aba1 #abb dur+ attack1 #adh1 #bde1 #bdf me?ods (1 #abf-abi re> gu>d dur+1 #bca "u cov]1 #bde ,advance cavalry1 #bbf ,advance gu>d1 #adb1 #bba communication )1 #bbh1 #bbi di/ance f ma9 body (1 #bbd di/ribution (1 #bbf duties (1 #adc1 #bbc1 #bbd /r5g? (1 #bbd supports to1 #bbf1 #bbg ,age limits = res]ve (fic]s1 #afi1 #agj ,aim+ rifle1 #bgg ,air planes1 milit>y value (1 #bac ,alignm5ts1 #ff1 #fg 9 company movem5ts1 #hh1 #ajf1 #aab 9 skirmi% drill1 #aai ,ammunition1 #aia data on ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 #bhe1 #bhf ,appo9tm5ts to (fic]s' res]ve corps1 #afi1 #agj1 #age1 #agf ,arm signals1 #cjb-cjh ,arms1 manual (1 #dj-fb ,arms ( ! s]vice1 cooep]ation (1 #ahb ,army dep>tm5ts1 #agh1 #cbc1 #cbd ,army organization tables1 #cba-cbd ,army slang1 #ai1 #bj ,articles ( ,w>1 #agi ,artill]y1 #ahc1 #bcb1 #cbb1 #cbc organization (1 #cbb1 #cbc ,assembl+1 position ( guides & file-clos]s 91 #aaa ,assembly ( company1 #hh1 #abj1 #abe ( platoons1 #abj1 #aba ( squad1 #ge ,at ease1 #cb1 #cc m>*1 #ajf ,attack1 advantages (1 #ade1 #bdb1 #bdc deploym5t =1 #bdd envelop+1 #bdc1 #bdd fire sup]iority 91 #adh1 #bjg1 #bdf frontal1 #bdc initiative 91 #ade1 #bjf night1 #ahe1 #ahf patrols 91 #bdd1 #beb plan (1 #adg progress (1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 #bjg1 #bdf1 #bdg rules =1 #bjh1 #bji turn+ movem5t 91 #bdc1 #bdd ,att5tion1 #bi f r\te /ep1 #ajf "u arms1 #dj ,back /ep1 #cg ,backw>d m>*1 #cg ,b&ag+1 fir/-aid1 #caj-cac ,b>bwire1 use (1 #aea1 #ahf ,base squad 9 ext5d$ ord] drills1 #aab-aai ,battle-field conditions1 #acj1 #aca1 #bjg ,bayonet1 #bhc importance (1 #aij ,b$-mak+ on practice m>*es1 #afa ,billet+1 #bae ,biv\ac1 #bae ,blanket roll1 #afg1 #afh ,ble$+1 treatm5t =1 #caa-cac ,bli/]s1 treatm5t =1 #afc ,bombs1 #ahd1 #ahe ,brok5 bone1 treatm5t =1 #cac1 #cad ,bullet w\nd1 treatm5t =1 #caa ,burn+ clo!s1 ext+ui%+1 #cai1 #cbj ,burns1 treatm5t =1 #cag ,camp1 arrival at1 #aa-ac conduct 91 #ac-ae equipm5t 91 #aa inspection (1 #bif gu>d duty 91 #aib-aid habits 91 #ae1 #af1 #ag security 91 #acg-aci mail regulations 91 #aj sanitation1 #afd1 #afe ,camp+ gr\nd1 selection (1 #bae1 #baf ,camp+ on practice m>*es1 #afa1 #bib ,camps1 ,f$]al tra9+1 #aj ,cantonm5t1 #bac ,capta91 responsibility (1 #aaj1 #acc ,cavalry1 #ahc1 #ahd advance1 #bbf1 #bab ammunition =1 #aia ,cavalry division1 composition (1 #baa squadron1 organization (1 #cbc troop organization (1 #cba1 #cbb ,*af+1 treatm5t =1 #cai ,*ange /ep1 #ci ,*>ge dur+ attack1 #bdg ,clip fire1 #baa ,close ord] drills1 #fc1 #hh ,clo?+1 #aa ,coa/ artill]y1 #agh ,colors1 salut+1 #aie ,column1 dim9i%+ front (1 #ajh1 #aji ( platoons1 *ange ( direction =1 #ajb1 #ajc =mation f column ( squads1 #aje1 #ajf f l9e (1 #ajj-ajb ( r\te1 #ajf ( squads1 *ange ( direction =1 #id1 #ajc =mation f l9e (1 #ic1 #id1 #ajb1 #ajc ,combat patrols1 #bdd1 #beb tra91 #aia ,comm&s1 #bh 9 company skirmi% drill1 #aad to company1 #hf1 #if-ajj ,communicat+ tr5*es1 #ahh ,company1 advance (1 #aba-abi alignm5t 91 #hh1 #ajf1 #aab assembly (1 #hh1 #abj dismiss+ !1 #aaa1 #aab dress+1 #ib1 #ig1 #ii1 #aab fac+1 #aje file clos]s 91 #ajh file =mation 91 #ajh1 #aji =mation into columns1 #ajj-ajb front into l9e1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajf guide 91 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh 9 l9e1 f l9e ( platoons1 #aje1 #ajf inspection arms 91 #hh1 #hi m>* at ease1 #ajf to re>1 #aje movem5t on fix$ pivot 91 #hi-ic on mov+ pivot 91 #ic-if int]vals 91 #ic platoons 91 #aaj position ( m5 91 #hg roll call 91 #hg r\te /ep1 #ajf skirmi% drills 91 #aad-abj squads 91 #hf ,conduct1 rules (1 #ac-ae ,cooep]ation ( arms ( ! s]vice1 #ahb ,corporals1 duties on fir+ l9e (1 #acd1 #ace 9 company movem5t1 #if1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajj 9 skirmi% drill1 #gg1 #gh1 #aae-aag ,cossack po/s1 #ada1 #bce ,c\nt] attack1 #bdh1 #bec ,c\nt+ (f1 #fd1 #hf ,cov]1 advance "u1 #bde deta*m5ts1 duties (1 #bba1 #bbb /r5g? (1 #bbc tr5*es1 #ahh ,day patrol1 #bcf1 #bcg ,def5se1 advantages (1 #aej1 #bdi fire sup]iority 91 #beb ord]s =1 #bea passive & active1 #adi1 #bdg1 #bdh position =1 #acj1 #bdi1 #bej prep>ations =1 #aej-aeb1 #bej-beb use ( ob/acles 91 #ahf ,deflection 9 rifle drill1 #bfc1 #bfg1 #bfh ,deploym5t = attack1 #bdd rules =1 #aah-abj ,dim9i%+ ! front ( column ( squads1 #ajh1 #aji ,discipl9e1 value (1 #ag1 #fc1 #baf1 #bag ,di/ances1 tak+1 #fd1 #aaa ,division comm&]1 #bab ,divisional cavalry1 #baa ,d\ble "t m>*1 #cf ,dress1 #ag1 #ah ,drills1 close ord]1 #fc1 #hh ext5d$ ord]1 #aab rifle1 #bfa-bfi value (1 #ag1 #fc1 #ahj ,dr[n+1 treatm5t =1 #cad-caf ,duties ( advance & re> gu>ds1 #adc ( capta9 9 battle1 #acc ( corporals 9 battle1 #acd1 #ace ( platoon lead]s 9 battle1 #acd ( res]ve (fic]s1 #aga ,elevation1 9 rifle drill1 #bfc1 #bfh1 #bfi ,em]g5cy ration1 #aib ,equipm5t = fir/-aid1 #cji inspection (1 #bie1 #bif on arrival at camp1 #aa on practice m>*es1 #aff-afh ,e/imat+ di/ance1 #bhf-bia ,e/imat+ ! situation1 #adf1 #bjc1 #bjd ,exam9ation to ent] ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 #agj1 #agb ,ex]cises1 prep>atory1 #bc1 #bg ,ext5d$ ord] drills1 #aab ,eyes front1 #cc "r1 #cc ,fac+1 company1 #aje on skirmi% l9e1 #aij ,fac+s1 #cd ,fa9t+1 treatm5t =1 #cah ,fall 91 #cc ,fall out1 #cb ,feet1 c>e ( !1 #ad1 #afb ,f$]al tra9+ camps1 #aj ,field artill]y1 organization (1 #cbb1 #cbc ex]cises1 #abg ord]s1 #adg1 #aif-aii1 #bjd-bjf ration1 #aib tra91 #aia ,file1 9 squad1 #fc =mation f column1 #ajh1 #aji ,file-clos]1 s]geant z1 #aaa 9 close ord]1 #hh position 9 column (1 #ajb1 #ajg position 9 company (1 #ib1 #ajh position 9 company fac+ (1 #aje regulation ( int]vals by1 #aaa ,filip9o ration1 #aib ,fire attack1 #abg-abi1 #bdf at w1 #baa control1 #acd direction1 #acb-acd discipl9e1 #ace k9ds (1 #baa sup]iority 9 attack1 #bdf 9 def5se1 #beb tr5*es1 #ahh ,fir+1 conditions = effective1 #aca1 #acb1 #acd1 #bjg positions =1 #bga-bge l9e1 advance (1 #adh1 #bde1 #bdf practice1 advice on1 #bga-bhb ,fir/-aid packet1 #cji ,fix bayonet1 f ord]1 #eh ,flag signals1 #bii-cja ,flank gu>d1 #bba m>*1 #ch ,foll[+ corporal1 #gg1 #gh1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aai ,=w>d m>*1 #ce ,fracture1 treatm5t =1 #cac1 #cad ,freez+ & fro/-bite1 treatm5t =1 #cag1 #cah ,gall]y practice1 #aee1 #bgj1 #cbh ,g>rison ration1 #aib ,gu>d duty1 #aib-aid ,guide1 di/ance regulation by1 #ib1 #aaa duties (1 #ajf1 #ajg 9 column =mation1 #ajg 9 company assembly1 #hh1 #aaa 9 company fac+1 #aje 9 company pivot movem5ts1 #ia-id1 #aja 9 l9e or column =mation1 #aja1 #ajf 9 skirmi% drill1 #aad-aaf 9 squad movem5ts1 #ajg1 #ajh ( deploy$ l9e1 #ajg ,guides1 execution ( manual arms by1 #aaa (fic]s z1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #aaa ,habits1 #ae1 #af1 #ag ,half /ep m>*1 #cf1 #cg ,halt1 #ch dur+ practice m>*es1 #afj 9 company movem5t1 #ig1 #ii ,h& gr5ades1 #ahd1 #ahe salute1 #ca1 #cb ,h>d%ips ( practice m>*es1 #aei ,ha/y cov] tr5*es1 #ahh ,heat exhau/ion1 treatm5t =1 #cag ,indep5d5t cavalry1 #bab ,infantry1 #ahb ammunition =1 #aia battalion1 organization (1 #cbc company1 organization (1 #cba division1 composition (1 #baa ,in=mation conc]n+ enemy1 #adf1 #bjg1 #bji1 #baj1 #bed ,initiative1 value (1 #ade1 #bjf ,injuries1 fir/-aid treatm5t =1 #caj1 #caa ,inspection arms1 f ord]1 #ei 9 company1 #hh1 #hi ,inspection ( camp equipm5t1 #bif ( outpo/1 #bci1 #bdj ( patrol1 #bef ,in/ruction to (fic]s1 #agb1 #agc1 #agf ,intellig5ce ,section1 #baj ,int]vals1 9 company movem5ts1 #ic 9 skirmi% l9e1 #gh1 #gi 9 squad1 #fc1 #fe1 #gi1 #hj tak+1 #aaa ,intr5*m5ts1 #ahg1 #bea ,kneel+1 #hj1 #ha position = fir+1 #bgc ,left %\ld] arms1 f port1 #ea1 #ec ,lieut5ant1 appo9tm5t f ,(fic]s' ,res]ve (1 #agf assignm5ts (1 #aaj ,light artill]y battalion1 organization (1 #cbc ,l9e =mation to front1 f column1 company1 #ii1 #ajj to "r1 f column1 company1 #if-i ,l9e ( obs]vation1 #adj1 #bcf ( out gu>ds1 #adj ( platoons1 f column ( squads1 #ajc f l9e1 #ajc1 #ajd ( resi/ance1 #adj ( res]ves1 #ach1 #adj ,li/ ( ,res]ve (fic]s1 #agf1 #agg ,load+ & fir+ 9 squad1 #ha1 #hb1 #hc ,ly+ d[n1 #hj ,ma*9e guns1 #ahd1 #bbi1 #bcb ,mail1 9 camp1 #aj ,manoeuv] maps1 #aij ,manual ( arms1 #dj1 #fb ,maps1 milit>y use (1 #ahi1 #aij1 #baj ,m>* to re>1 company1 #aje ,m>*es1 conditions = successful1 #bac-bae ,m>*es1 practice1 #aei see also1 ,practice m>*es ,m>*+ rules1 #afj ,m>*+s1 #ce-ci 9 squad1 #fh1 #gg ,m>k "t1 #cf ,meet+ engagem5ts1 #ahf1 #ahg ,milit>y correspond5ce1 #ahj-ahb in=mation1 collection (1 #adf1 #bjg1 #bji1 #baj1 #bac1 #bed maps1 #ahi1 #aij1 #baj ,milit>y problems1 #aii-bjb tra9+ 9 colleges1 #agc-agf ,mission1 #adf ,mobile ,army1 #agg1 #agh ,movem5ts 9 column1 9 company1 #ajb-aje 9 l9e1 9 company1 #if-ajj on pivot1 9 company1 #hi-if ,musicians1 position 9 column (1 #aaa ,napoleon z milit>y lead]1 #aii1 #bja1 #bjf ,n]v\sness 9 fir+1 #aec1 #aeg ,night op]ations1 #ahe1 #ahf patrol1 #bcf ,non commission$ (fic]s1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #agi ,obs]vation1 l9e (1 #adj1 #bcf ,oblique m>*1 #gf1 #gg ,ob/acles1 removal (1 = def5se1 #aea use (1 9 def5se1 #ahf ,(fic]s1 advice to1 #baf-bah grades & comm&s (1 #agi ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 see also ,res]ve (fic]s1 ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 eligibility =1 #afi-agb1 #age1 #agf pay 91 #aga1 #agd1 #agf purpose (1 #afi sections (1 #gb1 #agc ,ord] arms1 f inspection1 #ei f port1 #de f pres5t1 #de f "r %\ld]1 #ej f trail1 #ee ,out gu>ds1 precautions =1 #bdj l9e (1 #adj1 #bcd1 #bce po/+ (1 #bdj ,outpo/1 composition (1 #bcb di/ance f ma9 body (1 #bcc di/ribution ( troops (1 #bcb-bcg =mation (1 #ach1 #bcg-bdj importance (1 #ahg1 #bba inspection (1 #bci1 #bdj plac+ (1 #ach1 #ada1 #bcd1 #bci reliev+ !1 #bda /r5g? (1 #adj1 #bca supports to1 #ach1 #adj1 #bcd ord]s1 #bch res]ves1 #bcd s5t9els1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bci sket*es1 #aij ,outpo/s1 int]-communication betwe51 #bcg ,packs on practice m>*es1 #afb1 #afg ,p>ade re/1 #cj f ord]1 #ed ,patrol1 #bbh1 #bbi combat1 #bdd1 #beb duties (1 #bcg1 #bdj1 #bed =mation =1 #beg1 #beh in/ructions to1 #bee1 #bef meet+ enemy1 #beh1 #bei po/+ (1 #bdj prep>ation =1 #bef1 #beg return (1 #bei /r5g? (1 #bee cautions1 #beh1 #bei comm&] (1 #bee ,pay 9 ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 #aga1 #agd1 #agf ,picket s5t9el1 #bdj ,pickets1 #ada1 #bce po/+ (1 #bdj ,platoon columns1 advance by1 #abb1 #abd lead]s1 duties on fir+ l9e (1 #acd ,platoons1 assembly (1 #abj1 #aba comm&s to1 #if-ajj squads 91 #aaj ,poison+1 treatm5t =1 #cah ,port arms1 f left %\ld]1 #ed f ord]1 #dc1 #dd f pres5t1 #de f "r %\ld]1 #ej ,positions = rifle practice1 #bga-bge ,practice m>*es1 camp+ on1 #afa1 #afd1 #afe1 #bib c>e ( feet on1 #afb-afd equipm5t =1 #aff-afh h>d%ips (1 #aei1 #afj value (1 #aei wat] dr9k+ on1 #afb ,pres5t arms1 f ord]1 #da1 #db f port1 #de f "r %\ld]1 #ea ,prone position = fir+1 #bgd1 #bge ,prop]ty = ,res]ve (fic]s1 #aib ,quick "t m>*1 #cf ,range f9d]s1 #aea1 #bhi1 #bij1 #bia ,rapid fire practice1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #cbh1 #cbi t>get1 #bfg ,ration1 #aia1 #aib ,read+ li/ = ,res]ve (fic]s1 #aie1 #aif ,re>1 m>* to !1 #ci ,re> gu>d1 #adb1 #bba composition (1 #bbi1 #bcj di/ance f ma9 =ce (1 #bcj di/ribution (1 #bcj duties (1 #adc1 #bbi /r5g? (1 #bbi ( advanc+ =ce1 #bca ,reconnaissance1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bed1 #bac ,reconnoit]+ patrols1 duties (1 #baj1 #bed ,relations betwe5 (fic]s & m51 #baf-bah ,res]ve (fic]s1 see also ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps ,res]ve (fic]s1 active s]vice (1 #aga appo9tm5t (1 #afi1 #agj1 #agb1 #age1 #agf dep>tm5t report on1 #agf1 #agg in/ruction to1 #agb1 #agc-age pay (1 #aga1 #agd1 #agf promotion (1 #aga prop]ty (1 #aib read+ li/ =1 #aie1 #aif ,tra9+ ,camps1 #agc-age ,res]ve ration1 #aib ,res]ves1 dur+ advance1 #adb l9e (1 #ach1 #adj plac+ (1 #bci to support p>ty1 #bbg1 #bbh ,resi/ance1 l9e (1 #adj ,re/s1 #cb1 #cc1 #ed dur+ m>*es1 #afj1 #afa ,rifle1 c>e (1 #bj1 #bhb control (1 #ace data on ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 #bhc-bhe drills1 #bfa-bfi hold+1 #bgj1 #bga k (1 #aec1 #aed nom5clature (1 #bfa recoil (1 #aef1 #aeg rules = c>ry+1 #fj-fb salute1 f ord]1 #eg f "r %\ld]1 #ee1 #ef f trail1 #eg sights1 #aed-aef1 #bfa-bfd sl+ (1 #bgf practice1 #bga-bhb ,"r dress1 #ff1 #fg face1 #cd /ep m>*1 #cg turn 9 company movem5t1 #ig1 #ii ,"r %\ld] arms1 f ord]1 #df-di f port1 #ej f pres5t1 #ea ,road sket*es1 #aij ,roll call 9 company1 #hi ,r\te /ep1 company1 #ajf ,salutes1 #ca1 #cb1 #ef ,salut+1 #ah1 #ai1 #aid1 #aie at retreat1 #aid1 #aie colors1 #aie ,security1 dur+ advance1 #ada 9 camp1 #acg-aci on m>*1 #bba-bbc ,semaphore signals1 #cja ,s5t9el po/s1 #bce1 #bcf ,s5t9els1 duties (1 #aic1 #aid po/+ (1 #bdj ,s5try squads1 #ada1 #bce ,s]geants 9 company movem5ts1 #hh1 #hi1 #aaa ,%elt]1 = troops on m>*1 #bae t5ts1 #bib ,%oes1 walk+1 #af1 #ba1 #bb1 #afd ,%ot1 call+1 #bgh ,side /ep1 #cg ,sight+1 #bfa-bfd1 #bgh1 #bgi ,signal ,corps code1 #bii-cja ,signals1 arm1 #cjb-cjh flag1 #bii-cja g5]al s]vice code =1 #big1 #bih semaphore1 #cja ,sitt+ position = fir+1 #bga1 #bgb ,skirmi% drill1 base squad 91 #aab-aai guide 91 #aad-aaf 9 squad1 #gh-hc l9e1 advance (1 #abf1 #abg f column1 #aaf-aah f company l9e1 #aad-aaf on oblique1 #abj to ! flank1 #abj to ! re>1 #abj ,skirmi%es 9 advance1 #abd ,sl[ fire practice1 #bgj1 #bga1 #cbh1 #cbi t>gets1 #bff ,small pox inoculation1 #aa ,snake bite1 treatm5t =1 #cah1 #cai ,squad1 alignm5t (1 #ff1 #fg =mation (1 #fd assembly (1 #ge deploy (1 #fc dismissal (1 #ei1 #fj di/ance 91 #fd halt1 #fi numb] ( m5 91 #aaj "r1 #fh "r ab\t1 #gj "r turn1 #ga1 #gb skirmi% drill 91 #gh-hc blanket roll1 #afh columns1 #abd file1 #fc int]vals1 #fc1 #fe1 #gi1 #hj lead]s 9 company movem5ts1 #hh m>*+s1 #fh-gg ,squads1 9 column movem5ts1 #ajb-aje 9 company1 #hf comm&s to1 #if-ajj ,/ack arms1 #hd ,/eps1 #ce-ci ,/oma* w\nds1 treatm5t =1 #cai ,/rategical maps1 #aij reconnaissance1 #bac ,/rategy1 #bab ,sun/roke1 treatm5t =1 #cag ,supports1 po/+ (1 #bci dur+ advance1 #adb 9 attack1 #adi to advance gu>d1 #bbf1 #bbg to outpo/s1 #ach1 #adj1 #bcd ,surplus kit bag1 #afg ,tactical reconnaissance1 #bac ,tactics1 #bab ,take arms1 #he ,tak+ int]vals & di/ances1 #aaa ,t>get practice1 #aef1 #aeg1 #cbh1 #cbi ,team "w 9 fir+1 #acc ,t5t pit*+1 #afa1 #bic1 #bid ,t5ts1 %elt]1 #bib ,t]m ( s]vice = ,res]ve (fic]s1 #agj1 #aga1 #age ,t\rniquet1 use (1 #cab1 #cac1 #cah ,trail arms1 f ord]1 #ee ,tra9+ camps1 ,f$]al1 #aj ,corps = (fic]s1 #agc-age ,transportation1 #aia ,travel ration1 #aib ,tr5*es1 #aea1 #ahg-ahi1 #bea occupation (1 #bea1 #beb ,trigg] squeeze1 #bgg1 #bgh ,turn on fix$ pivot f l9e1 company1 #hi-ic on mov+ pivot to *ange direction1 company1 #ic-if ,turn+ movem5t 9 attack1 #bdc1 #bdd ,typhoid inoculation1 #aj1 #aa ,unfix bayonet1 f ord]1 #eh ,uni=ms1 #ag1 #ah ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 ammunition1 data on1 #bhe1 #bhf organization tables =1 #cba-cbc rifle1 data on1 #bhc-bhe l& =ces1 #agg1 #agh milit>y dep>tm5ts1 #i1 #aj1 #ahj1 #aha1 #cbc1 #cbd1 #cbe ,volley fire1 #baa ,walk+1 importance (1 #ba1 #bb ,w> /r5g? tables1 #cbf1 #cbg ,wat] dr9k+ on practice m>*es1 #afb ,w> game maps1 #aij ,:i/le signals1 #aba ,w9dage1 #bfg1 #bfi ,)drawal f action1 #ahg1 #bec ,w\nds1 fir/-aid treatm5t =1 #caj1 #caa1 #cai ,,footnotes #a ,^! ex]cises are select$ f ^? commonly giv5 by ,major ,h4 ,j4 ,koehl]1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 #b ,! l9e ( supports & ! l9e ( resi/ance ne$ n necess>ily be ! same4 #c ,"s gov]nm5t publications c be obta9$ at no co/ f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,transcrib] ,,notes ,a ,*ang$ famil> to famili>4 ,b ,*ang$ gage to guage4 ,c ,*ang$ give to giv54