,illu/ration3 ,,mosc[4 ,,russia ,z ,se5 & ,describ$ by ,fam\s ,writ]s ,edit$ & ,translat$ by ,,e/h] ,,s+leton ,au?or ( ,turrets1 ,t[]s & ,temples1 ,great ,pictures1 & ,a ,guide to ! ,op]a1 & translator ( ,! ,music ,dramas ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,new ,york ,dodd1 ,mead & ,company #aiji ,,preface ,?is is int5d$ to be a companion volume to ,japan1 & !re=e foll[s ! same g5]al plan & arrangem5t4 ,x aims to pres5t 9 small compass a some:at compreh5sive view ( ! great ,muscovite p[]4 ,aft] a %ort description ( ! c\ntry & race1 we pass to a brief review ( ! hi/ory & religion includ+ ritual & c]emonial obs]vances ( ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,next come descriptions ( regions1 cities & ar*itectural m>vels2 & !n foll[ articles on ! v>i\s mann]s & cu/oms ( rural & t[n life4 ,! arts ( ! nation are treat$ compreh5sively2 & a *apt] ( ! late/ /ati/ics concludes ! rapid survey4 ,! mat]ial is all select$ f ! writ+s ( ^? :o speak ) au?ority on ! subjects ) :i* !y deal4 ,! ,russian ,empire is s va/ t x w\ld be impossible to give detail$ descriptions ( all its p>ts 9 a "w ( ?is size3 !re=e ,i h be5 =c$ to be cont5t ) m g5]al descriptions ( prov9ces ) an occasional addition ( a typical city4 ,e4 ,s4 ,new ,york1 ,april #ba1 #aijd4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,& ,,race ,! ,russian ,empire ,pr9ce ,kropotk9e4 ,sib]ia ,jean ,jacques ,elisee ,reclus4 ,! ,russian ,races ,w4 ,r4 ,morfill4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,religion ,! ,hi/ory ( ,russia ,w4 ,r4 ,morfill4 ,*ur* ,s]vice ,alfr$ ,maskell4 ,! ,cre$s ( ,russia ,erne/ ,w4 ,l[ry4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,descriptions ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,j4 ,beav+ton ,atk9son4 ,f9l& ,h>ry ,de ,w9dt4 ,lapl& ,alex&] ,platonovi* ,engelh>dt4 ,mosc[ 7,! ,kreml9 & its treasuries--,! ,anci5t ,regalia--,! ,roman(f ,h\se7 ,alfr$ ,maskell4 ,vassili-,blag5noi 7,/4 ,basil ! ,bless$7 ,!ophile ,gauti]4 ,pol& ,?omas ,mi*ell4 ,kief1 ! ,city ( ,pilgrimage ,j4 ,beav+ton ,atk9son4 ,nijni-,novgorod ,antonio ,gall5ga4 ,! ,volga ,bas94 7,! ,great ,riv]--,kasan--,ts>itz9--,a/rakhan7 ,antonio ,gall5ga4 ,odessa ,antonio ,gall5ga4 ,! ,don ,cossacks ,?omas ,mi*ell4 ,9 ! ,caucasus ,j4 ,bu*an ,tell]4 ,khiva ,fr$ ,burnaby4 ,! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway ,william ,durban4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,mann]s ,,& ,,cu/oms ,high ,life 9 ,russia ,! ,c\ntess ( ,gall[ay4 ,rural ,life 9 ,russia ,lady ,v]ney ,food & ,dr9k ,h4 ,su!rl& ,edw>ds4 ,c>nival-,"t & ,ea/] ,a4 ,nicol ,simpson4 ,russian ,tea & ,tea-,h\ses ,h4 ,su!rl& ,edw>ds4 ,h[ ,russia ,amuses ,itself ,fr$ ,:i%aw4 ,! ,kirghiz & _! ,horses ,fr$ ,burnaby4 ,w9t] 9 ,mosc[ ,h4 ,su!rl& ,edw>ds4 ,a ,j\rney by ,sleigh ,fr$ ,burnaby4 ,,"p ,v ,,art ,,& ,,lit]ature ,russian ,ar*itecture ,eug5e ,emmanuel ,viollet-le-,duc4 ,sculpture & ,pa9t+ ,philippe ,b]!lot4 ,russian ,music ,a4 ,e4 ,keeton4 ,russian ,lit]ature ,w4 ,r4 ,morfill4 ,,"p ,,vi ,,/ati/ics ,pres5t ,conditions ,e4 ,s4 ,,illu/rations ,,mosc[ ,,ar*angel ,,revel ,,sib]ian ,,natives ,,samoj$es ,,( ,,nova ,,zembla ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,ts> ,,mi*ail[it*1 ,,mosc[ ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,assumption ,a ,,religi\s ,,procession1 ,,kola ,,%r9e ,,9 ,,! ,,conv5t ,,solovetskii1 ,,kola ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,,! ,,h]mitage1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,,hels+=s1 ,,f9l& ,,re9de] ,,travell+ ,,mosc[ ,,! ,,kreml91 ,,mosc[ ,,vassili--,,blag5noi 7,,/4 ,,basil ,,! ,,bless$71 ,,mosc[ ,,n[o ,,zjazd ,,/reet1 ,,w>saw ,,hotel ,,deville1 ,,w>saw ,,! ,,dniep] ,,at ,,kief ,,la ,,lavra1 ,,kief ,,nijni--,,novgorod 7,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,fair7 ,,f ,,! ,,ramp>ts ,,( ,,! ,,kreml91 ,,nijni--,,novgorod ,,place ,,turemnaja1 ,,odessa ,,seba/opol ,,kh>k(f ,,tiflis ,,! ,,w9t] ,,palace1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,,russian ,,f>m ,,sc5e ,,! ,,ts>',s ,,d9+-,,room1 ,,mosc[ ,,/4 ,,isaac',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,,/4 ,,anne ,,re/aurant1 ,,wiborg ,,! ,,r$ ,,squ>e1 ,,mosc[ ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,r$eem]1 ,,mosc[ ,,/atue ,,( ,,pet] ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,! ,,admiralty ,,palace1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,,! ,,!atre1 ,,odessa ,,! ,,libr>y1 ,,odessa ,,! ,,ts> ,,ni*olas ,,! ,,ts>9a ,,kalk/rasse ,,& ,,prom5ade1 ,,riga ,,! ,,russian ,,empire ,,pr9ce ,,kropotk9e ,! ,russian ,empire is a v ext5sive t]ritory 9 ea/]n ,europe & nor!rn ,asia1 ) an area exce$+ #h1ejj1jjj squ>e miles1 or "o-six? ( ! l& surface ( ! globe 7"o tw5ty-?ird ( its :ole sup]ficies74 ,x is1 h[ev]1 b ?9ly peopl$ on ! av]age1 includ+ only "o-f\rte5? ( ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,x is almo/ entirely conf9$ to ! cold & temp]ate zones4 ,9 ,nova ,zembla 7,novaya ,zemlya7 & ! ,taimir p59sula1 x projects )9 ! ,arctic ,circle z f> z #gg deg4 #b' & #gg deg4 #dj' ,n4 latitude2 :ile its s\!rn extremities rea* #ch deg4 #ej' 9 ,arm5ia1 ab\t #ce deg4 on ! ,afghan fronti]1 & #db deg4 #cj' on ! coa/s ( ! ,pacific4 ,to ! ,we/ x advances z f> z #bj deg4 #dj' ,e4 longitude 9 ,lapl&1 #ah deg4 #cb' 9 ,pol&1 & #bi deg4 #db' on ! ,black ,sea2 & its ea/]n limit--,ea/ ,cape 9 ! ,b]+ ,/rait--ext5ds to #aia deg4 ,e4 longitude4 ,! ,arctic ,ocean--compris+ ! ,:ite1 ,b>5ts1 & ,k>a ,seas--& ! nor!rn ,pacific1 t is ! ,seas ( ,b]+1 ,okhotsk1 & ,japan1 b\nd x on ! nor? & ea/4 ,! ,baltic1 ) its two deep ind5tations1 ! ,gulfs ( ,bo?nia & ,f9l&1 limits x on ! nor?-we/2 & two s9u\s l9es ( fronti] sep>ate x respectively f ,sw$5 & ,norway on ! nor?-we/1 & f ,prussia1 ,au/ria & ,r\mania on ! we/4 ,! s\!rn fronti] is /ill unsettl$4 ,9 ,asia beyond ! ,caspian1 ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! empire rema9s vague2 ! advance into ! ,turcoman ,/eppes & ,afghan ,turke/an1 & on ! ,pamir plateau is /ill 9 progress4 ,bokh>a & ,khiva1 ?\gh repres5t$ z vassal khanates1 are 9 reality m]e dep5d5cies ( ,russia4 ,an approximately settl$ fronti]-l9e beg9s only f>!r ea/1 :]e ! ,russian & ,*9ese empires meet on ! bord]s ( ea/]n ,turke/an1 ,mongolia & ,man*uria4 ,russia has no oceanic possessions1 & has ab&on$ ^? %e own$ 9 ! la/ c5tury2 h] isl&s are m]e app5dages ( ! ma9l& to :i* !y belong4 ,su* are ! ,al& ar*ipelago1 ,ho*l&1 ,tuett]s1 ,dagoe & ,osel 9 ! ,baltic ,sea2 ,nova ,zembla1 ) ,kolgueff & ,vaigat*1 9 ! ,b>5ts ,sea2 ! ,solovetsky ,isl&s 9 ! ,:ite ,sea2 ! ,new ,sib]ian ar*ipelago & ! small gr\p ( ! ,m$vyezhii ,isl&s (f ! ,sib]ian coa/2 ! ,comm&or ,isl&s (f ,kam*atka2 ! ,%ant> ,isl&s & ,saghal9 9 ! ,sea ( ,okhotsk4 ,! ,aleutian ar*ipelago 0 sold to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahfg1 toge!r ) ,alaska1 & 9 #ahgd ! ,kurile ,isl&s 7 c$$ to ,japan4 ,,illu/ration3 ,,ar*angel4 ,a va/ v>iety ( physical features is obvi\sly to be expect$ 9 a t]ritory l ?is1 :i* comprises on ! "o side ! cotton & silk regions ( ,turke/an & ,trans-caucasia1 & on ! o!r ! moss & li*5-clo!d ,arctic tundras & ! ,v]khoyansk ,sib]ian pole ( cold--! dry ,transcaspian des]ts & ! regions wat]$ by ! monsoons on ! coa/s ( ! ,sea ( ,japan4 ,/ill1 if ! bord] regions1 t is1 two n>r[ belts 9 ! nor? & s\?1 be left out ( acc\nt1 a /rik+ uni=mity ( physical feature prevails4 ,high plateaus1 l ^? ( ,pamir 7! ,ro( ( ! ,_w7 or ( ,arm5ia1 & high m\nta9 *a9s l ! sn[-clad summits ( ! ,caucasus1 ! ,alay1 ! ,?ian-,%an1 ! ,sayan1 are met ) only on ! outskirts ( ! empire4 ,view$ broadly by ! physical geograph]1 x appe>s z occupy+ ! t]ritories to ! nor?-we/ ( t great plateau-belt ( ! old cont95t--! backbone ( ,asia--:i* spreads ) decreas+ height & wid? f ! high table-l& ( ,tibet & ,pamir to ! l[] plateaus ( ,mongolia1 & !nce nor?-ea/w>ds ?r\gh ! ,vitim region to ! fur!/ extremity ( ,asia4 ,x may be said to consi/ ( ! imm5se pla9s & flat-l&s :i* ext5d betwe5 ! plateau-belt & ! ,arctic ,ocean1 includ+ all ! s]ies ( p>allel *a9s & hilly spurs :i* skirt ! plateau-belt on ! nor?-we/4 ,x ext5ds ov] ! plateau itself1 & crosses x beyond ,lake ,baikal only4 ,a broad belt ( hilly tracts--9 e respect ,alp9e 9 "*1 & display+ ! same v>iety ( climate & organic life z ,alp9e tracts usually d--skirts ! plateau-belt ?r\gh\t its l5g? on ! nor? & nor?-we/1 =m+ an int]m$iate region betwe5 ! plateaus & ! pla9s4 ,! ,caucasus1 ! ,elburz1 ! ,kopetdagh1 & ,p>opamisus1 ! intricate & imp]fectly kn[n network ( m\nta9s we/ ( ! ,pamir1 ! ,?ian-,%an & ,ala-tau m\nta9 regions1 & f>!r nor?-ea/ ! ,altai1 ! /ill unnam$ complex ( ,m9us9sk m\nta9s1 ! intricate m\nta9-*a9s ( ,sayan1 ) ^? ( ! ,olekma1 ,vitim1 & ,aldan1 all ( :i* are rang$ en e*elon1--! =m] f nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/1 & ! o!rs f s\?-we/ to nor?-ea/--all ^! belong to "o imm5se ,alp9e belt bord]+ t ( ! plateaus4 ,^! h long be5 kn[n to ,russian coloni/s1 :o1 seek+ to escape religi\s p]secutions & exactions by ! /ate1 e>ly p5etrat$ into & rapidly pu%$ _! small settlem5ts up ! bett] valleys ( ^! tracts1 & cont9u$ to spread ev]y:]e z long z !y f\nd no ob/acles 9 ! %ape ( a =m] population or 9 unfav\rable climatic conditions4 ,z = ! flat-l&s :i* ext5d f ! ,alp9e hill-foots to ! %ores ( ! ,arctic ,ocean1 & assume ! "* ei!r ( dry des]ts 9 ! ,aral-,caspian depression1 or ( l[ table-l&s 9 c5tral ,russia & ea/]n ,sib]ia1 ( lake-regions 9 nor?-we/ ,russia & ,f9l&1 or ( m>%y prairies 9 we/]n ,sib]ia1 & ( tundras 9 ! nor?1--_! monoton\s surfaces are div]sifi$ by only a few1 & ^! = ! mo/ "p l[1 hilly tracts4 ,z to ! picturesque ,bureya m\nta9s on ! ,amur1 ! =e/-clo!d ,sikhota-al9 on ! ,pacific1 & ! volcanic *a9s ( ,kam*atka1 !y belong to q ano!r orographical _w2 !y are ! bord]-ridges ( ! t]races by :i* ! great plateau-belt desc5ds to ! dep?s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,x is ow+ to ^! lead+ orographical features--div9$ by ,c>l ,ritt]1 b only )9 ! pres5t day reveal$ by geographical rese>*--t s _m ( ! great riv]s ( ! old cont95t are compris$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,russian empire4 ,tak+ rise on ! plateau-belt1 or 9 its ,alp9e outskirts1 !y fl[ fir/1 l ! upp] ,rhone & ,rh9e1 along high longitud9al valleys =m]ly fill$ up ) great lakes2 next !y f9d _! way ?r\gh ! rocky walls2 & f9ally !y ent] ! l[l&s1 :]e !y become navigable1 &1 describ+ great curves to avoid "h & !re ! m9or plateaus & hilly tracts1 !y br+ into wat]-communication ) "o ano!r places ?\s&s ( miles ap>t4 ,! d\ble riv]-sy/ems ( ! ,volga & ,kama1 ! ,obi & ,irti%1 ! ,ang>a & ,y5isei1 ! ,l5a & ,vitim on ! ,arctic slope1 ! ,amur & ,sung>i on ! ,pacific slope1 are in/ances4 ,!y 7 ! true *annels ( ,russian colonization4 ,a broad depression--! ,aral-,caspian des]t--has aris5 :]e ! plateau-belt has rea*$ its greate/ height & sudd5ly *anges its direction f a nor?-we/]n into a nor?-ea/]n "o2 ?is des]t is n[ fill$ only to a small ext5t by ! salt wat]s ( ! ,caspian1 ,aral & ,balka% inl& seas2 b x be>s unmi/akable traces ( hav+ be5 dur+ ,po/-,plioc5e times an imm5se inl& bas94 ,!re ! ,volga1 ! ,ural1 ! ,sir ,d>ia1 & ! ,oxus dis*>ge _! wat]s )\t rea*+ ! ocean1 b cont9ue to br+ life to ! rapidly dry+ ,transcaspian ,/eppes1 or connect by _! riv] network1 z ! ,volga does1 ! mo/ remote p>ts ( ,european ,russia4 ,! above-describ$ features ( ! physical geography ( ! empire expla9 ! relative uni=mity ( ?is wide t]ritory1 9 conjunction ) ! v>iety ( physical features on ! outskirts4 ,!y expla9 also ! rapidity ( ! expansion ( ,sclavonic colonization ov] ^! ?9ly-peopl$ regions2 & !y also ?r[ light ^u ! int]nal cohesion ( ! empire1 :i* _c fail to /rike ! travell] z he crosses ?is imm5se t]ritory1 & f9ds ev]y:]e ! same dom9at+ race1 ! same features ( life4 ,9 fact1 z _! advance f ! bas9s ( ! ,volkh(f & ,dniep] to ! foot ( ! ,altai & ,sayan m\nta9s1 t is1 along ne>ly a qu>t] ( ! e>?'s circumf]5ce1 ! ,russian coloniz]s c\ld always f9d ! same physical conditions1 ! same =e/ & prairies z !y _h left at home1 ! same facilities = agriculture1 only modifi$ some:at by m9or topographical features4 ,new conditions ( climate & soil1 & consequ5tly new cultures & civilizations1 ! ,russians met )1 9 _! expansion t[>ds ! s\? & ea/1 only beyond ! ,caucasus 9 ! ,aral-,caspian region1 & 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,usuri on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,fav\r$ by ^! conditions1 ! ,russians n only conqu]$ nor!rn ,asia--!y coloniz$ x4 ,! ,russian ,empire falls into two great subdivisions1 ! ,european & ! ,asiatic1 ! latt] ( :i*1 repres5t+ an aggregate ( ne>ly #f1ejj1jjj squ>e miles1 ) a population ( only sixte5 million inhabitants may be consid]$ z held by colonies4 ,! ,european dom9ions comprise ,european ,russia1 ,f9l&1 :i* is1 9 fact1 a sep>ate nationality treat$ to "s ext5t z an alli$ /ate1 & ,pol&1 ^: v "n has be5 eras$ f (ficial docum5ts1 b :i* nev]!less cont9ues to pursue its own developm5t4 ,! ,asiatic dom9ions comprise ! foll[+ great subdivisions3--,caucasia1 "u a sep>ate gov]nor-g5]al2 ! ,transcaspian region1 :i* is "u ! gov]nor-g5]al ( ,caucasus2 ! ,kirghiz ,/eppes2 ,turke/an "u sep>ate gov]nors-g5]al1 ,we/]n ,sib]ia & ,ea/]n ,sib]ia2 & ! ,amur region1 :i* la/ comprises also ! ,pacific coa/ region & ,kam*atka4 ,climate ( ,russia 9 ,europe4--,not)/&+ ! fact t ,russia ext5ds f nor? to s\? ?r\gh tw5ty-six degrees ( latitude1 ! climate ( its diff]5t portions1 ap>t f ! ,crimea & ! ,caucasus1 pres5ts a /rik+ uni=mity4 ,! a]ial curr5ts--cyclones1 anti-cyclones & dry s\?-ea/ w9ds--ext5d ov] wide surfaces & cross ! flat pla9s freely4 ,ev]y:]e we f9d a cold w9t] & a hot summ]1 bo? v>y+ 9 _! duration1 b diff]+ little 9 ! extremes ( temp]ature record$4 ,?r\gh\t ,russia ! w9t] is ( long cont9uance4 ,! la/ days ( fro/ are exp]i5c$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ,april1 b also 9 ,may to ! nor? ( fifty-five degrees4 ,! spr+ is exceptionally beautiful 9 c5tral ,russia2 late z x usually is1 x sets 9 ) vig\r & develops ) a rapidity :i* gives to ?is season 9 ,russia a special *>m1 unkn[n 9 w>m] climates2 & ! rapid melt+ ( sn[ at ! same "t raises ! riv]s1 & r5d]s a great _m m9or /reams navigable = a few weeks4 ,b a return ( cold wea!r1 injuri\s to vegetation1 is obs]v$ ?r\gh\t c5tral & ea/]n ,russia betwe5 ,may #ah & #bd1 s t x is only 9 ,june t w>m wea!r sets 9 def9itely1 rea*+ its maximum 9 ! fir/ half ( ,july 7or ( ,augu/ on ! ,black ,sea coa/74 ,! summ] is mu* w>m] ?an might be suppos$2 9 s\?-ea/]n ,russia x is mu* w>m] ?an 9 ! correspond+ latitudes ( ,france1 & really hot wea!r is exp]i5c$ ev]y:]e4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 prevail = long1 & 9 ! fir/ half ( ,septemb] ! fir/ fro/s beg9 to be exp]i5c$ on ! middle ,urals2 !y rea* we/]n & s\!rn ,russia 9 ! fir/ days ( ,octob]1 & are felt on ! ,caucasus ab\t ! middle ( ,novemb]4 ,! temp]ature desc5ds s rapidly t a mon? lat]1 ab\t ,octob] #aj on ! middle ,urals & ,novemb] #ae ?r\gh\t ,russia ! !rmomet] ceases to rise above ! freez+-po9t4 ,! riv]s rapidly freeze2 t[>ds ,novemb] #bj all ! /reams ( ! ,:ite ,sea bas9 are cov]$ ) ice1 & s rema9 = an av]age ( #afg days2 ^? ( ! ,baltic1 ,black ,sea1 & ,caspian bas9s freeze lat]1 b ab\t ,decemb] #bj ne>ly all ! riv]s ( ! c\ntry are highways = sl$ges4 ,! ,volga rema9s froz5 = a p]iod v>y+ betwe5 #aej days 9 ! nor? & #ij days at ,a/rakhan1 ! ,don = #ajj to #aaj days1 & ! ,dneip] = #hc to #abb days4 ,on ! ,dw9a ice prev5ts navigation = #abe days & ev5 ! ,vi/ula at ,w>saw rema9s froz5 = #gg days4 ,! l[e/ temp]atures are exp]i5c$ 9 ,janu>y1 9 :i* mon? ! av]age is z l[ z #bj deg4 to #e deg4 ,fahr4 ?r\gh\t ,russia2 9 ! we/ only does x rise above #bb deg44 ,! flora & fauna ( ,russia4--,! flora ( ,russia1 :i* repres5ts an int]m$iate l9k betwe5 ^? ( ,g]many & ,sib]ia1 is /rik+ly uni=m ov] a v l>ge area4 ,?\gh n poor at any giv5 place1 x appe>s s if ! space occupi$ by ,russia be tak5 into acc\nt1 only #c1cjj species ( phan]ogams & f]ns be+ kn[n4 ,f\r great regions may be di/+ui%$3--! ,arctic1 ! ,=e/1 ! ,/eppe1 & ! ,circum-,m$it]ranean4 ,! ,arctic ,region comprises ! tundras ( ! ,arctic littoral beyond ! nor!rn limit ( =e/s1 :i* la/ closely foll[s ! coa/-l9e ) b5ds t[>ds ! nor? 9 ! riv] valleys 7#gj deg4 ,n4 lat4 9 ,f9l&1 on ! ,arctic ,circle ab\t ,ar*angel1 #fh deg4 ,n4 on ! ,urals1 #ga deg4 on ,we/ ,sib]ia74 ,! %ortness ( summ]1 ! defici5cy ( dra9age & ! ?ickness ( ! lay] ( soil :i* is froz5 ?r\gh 9 w9t] are ! elem5ts :i* g to ! mak+ ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! tundras4 ,_! flora is f> ne>] ^? ( nor!rn ,sib]ia & ,nor? ,am]ica ?an t ( c5tral ,europe4 ,mosses & li*5s cov] !m1 z also ! bir*1 ! dw>f will[1 & a v>iety ( %rubs2 b :]e ! soil is dri]1 & humus has be5 able to accumulate1 a v>iety ( h]bace\s fl[]+ plants1 "s ( :i* are famili> also 9 we/]n ,europe1 make _! appe>ance4 ,! ,=e/ ,region ( ! ,russian botani/s occupies ! great] "p ( ! c\ntry1 f ! ,arctic tundras to ! ,/eppes1 & x ma9ta9s ov] ?is imm5se surface a rem>kable uni=mity ( "*4 ,view$ z a :ole1 ! flora ( ! =e/ region mu/ be reg>d$ z ,european-,sib]ian2 & ?\gh c]ta9 species disappe> t[>ds ! ea/1 :ile new ones make _! appe>ance1 x ma9ta9s1 on ! :ole1 ! same *>act]s ?r\gh\t f ,pol& to ,kam*atka4 ,?us ! bee*1 a *>act]i/ic tree ( we/]n ,europe1 is unable to face ! cont95tal climate ( ,russia1 & does n p5etrate beyond ,pol& & ! s\?-we/]n prov9ces1 reappe>+ aga9 9 ! ,crimea4 ,! silv] fir does n ext5d ov] ,russia1 & ! oak does n cross ! ,urals4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sev]al ,asiatic species 7,sib]ian p9e1 l>*1 c$>7 gr[ freely 9 ! nor?-ea/1 :ile sev]al %rubs & h]bace\s plants1 orig9ally f ! ,asiatic ,/eppes1 h spread into ! s\?-ea/4 ,b all ^! d n greatly alt] ! g5]al "* ( ! vegetation4 ,! ,region ( ! ,/eppes1 :i* cov]s all ,s\!rn ,russia1 may be subdivid$ into two zones--an int]m$iate zone & t ( ! ,/eppes prop]4 ,! ,ante-,/eppe ( ! prec$+ region & ! int]m$iate zone ( ! ,/eppes include ^? tracts :]e ! ,we/-,european climate /ruggles ) ! ,asiatic1 & :]e a /ruggle is be+ c>ri$ on betwe5 ! =e/ & ! ,/eppe4 ,! ,/eppes prop] are v f]tile elevat$ pla9s1 slightly undulat$1 & int]sect$ by num]\s rav9es :i* are dry 9 summ]4 ,! undulations are sc>cely app>5t to ! eye z x takes 9 a wide prospect "u a blaz+ sun & ) a deep-blue sky ov]head4 ,n a tree is to be se51 ! few woods & ?ickets be+ hidd5 9 ! depressions & deep valleys ( ! riv]s4 ,on ! ?ick %eet ( black e>? by :i* ! ,/eppe is cov]$ a luxuriant vegetation develops 9 spr+2 aft] ! old grass has be5 burn$ a bright gre5 cov]s imm5se /ret*es1 b ?is rapidly disappe>s "u ! burn+ rays ( ! sun & ! hot ea/]ly w9ds4 ,! col\r+ ( ! ,/eppe *anges z if by magic1 & only ! silv]y plumes ( ! kovyl 7,/ipa p5nata7 wave "u ! w9d1 giv+ ! ,/eppe ! aspect ( a bright1 yell[ sea4 ,= days toge!r ! travell] sees no o!r vegetation2 ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 disappe>s z he ne>s ! regions rec5tly left dry f ! ,caspian1 :]e salt$ clays cov]$ ) a few ,salsolaceoe1 or m]e s&s1 take ! place ( ! black e>?4 ,"h beg9s ! ,aral-,caspian des]t4 ,! ,/eppe1 h[ev]1 is n s devoid ( trees z at fir/ sight appe>s4 ,innum]able clu/]s ( wild *]ries1 wild apricots1 & o!r deep-root$ %rubs gr[ 9 ! depressions ( ! surface1 & on ! slopes ( ! rav9es1 giv+ ! ,/eppe t *>m :i* manife/s itself 9 popul> poetry4 ,un=tunately1 ! spread ( cultivation is fatal to ^! oases 7!y are (t5 call$ isl&s by ! inhabitants72 ! axe & ! pl\gh ru?lessly de/roy !m4 ,! vegetation ( ! poimy & zaimis*as 9 ! m>%y bottoms ( ! rav9es1 & 9 ! valleys ( /reams & riv]s1 is totally diff]5t4 ,! moi/ soil gives free developm5t to ?ickets ( v>i\s will[s1 bord]$ ) d5se walls ( worm-wood & ne$le-be>+ ,composita1 & int]sp]s$ ) ri* b n ext5sive prairies h>b\r+ a great v>iety ( h]bace\s plants2 :ile 9 ! deltas ( ! ,black ,sea riv]s imp5etrable masses ( ru% %elt] a =e/ fauna4 ,b cultivation rapidly *anges ! physiognomy ( ! ,/eppe4 ,! prairies are sup]s$$ by :eat-fields1 & flocks ( %eep de/roy ! true /eppe-grass 7,/ipa-p5nata71 :i* retires f>!r ea/4 ,! ,circum-,m$it]ranean ,region is repres5t$ by a n>r[ /rip ( l& on ! s\? coa/ ( ! ,crimea1 :]e a climate simil> to t ( ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ has p]mitt$ ! developm5t ( a flora closely resembl+ t ( ! valley ( ! ,arno4 ,illu/ration3 ,,revel ,! fauna ( ,european ,russia does n v mat]ially diff] f t ( we/]n ,europe4 ,9 ! =e/s n _m animals :i* h disappe>$ f we/]n ,europe h held _! gr\nd2 :ile 9 ! ,urals only a few--n[ ,sib]ian1 b =m]ly also ,european--are met )4 ,on ! :ole1 ,russia belongs to ! same zoo-geographical region z c5tral ,europe & nor!rn ,asia1 ! same fauna ext5d+ 9 ,sib]ia z f> z ! ,y5isei & ,l5a4 ,9 s\?-ea/]n ,russia1 h[ev]1 t[>ds ! ,caspian1 we f9d a notable admixture ( ,asiatic species1 ! des]ts ( t "p ( ,russia belong+ 9 reality r to ! ,aral-,caspian depression ?an to ,europe4 ,= ! zoo-geograph] only ?ree sep>ate sub-regions appe> on ! ,ea/-,european pla9s--! tundras1 includ+ ! ,arctic isl&s1 ! =e/ region1 especially ! conif]\s "p ( x1 & ! ,ante-,/eppe & ,/eppes ( ! black-e>? region4 ,! ,ural m\nta9s might be di/+ui%$ z a f\r? sub-region1 :ile ! s\?-coa/ ( ! ,crimea & ,caucasus1 z well z ! ,caspian des]ts1 h _! own individuality4 ,z = ! adjo9+ seas1 ! fauna ( ! ,arctic ,ocean (f ! ,norwegian coa/ corresponds1 9 its we/]n p>ts at lea/1 to t ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,gulf ,/ream4 ,! ,:ite ,sea & ! ,arctic ,ocean to ! ea/ ( ,svyatoi ,nos belong to a sep>ate zoological region connect$ )1 & h>dly sep>able f1 t "p ( ! ,arctic ,ocean :i* ext5ds along ! ,sib]ian coa/ z f> z to ab\t ! ,l5a4 ,! ,black ,sea1 ( :i* ! fauna 0 =m]ly little kn[n b n[ appe>s to be v ri*1 belongs to ! ,m$it]ranean region1 slightly modifi$1 :ile ! ,caspian p>takes ( ! *>act]i/ic fauna inhabit+ ! lakes & seas ( ! ,aral-,caspian depression4 ,9 ! region ( ! tundras life has to cont5d ) su* unfav\rable conditions t x _c be abundant4 ,/ill ! re9de] frequ5ts x = its li*5s1 & on ! dri] slopes ( ! mora9e deposits f\r species ( lemm+1 hunt$ by ! ,canis lagopus1 f9d qu>t]s4 ,two species ( ! :ite p>tridge1 ! l>k1 "o ,plectrophanes1 two or ?ree species ( ,sylvia1 "o ,phylloscopus1 & ! ,motacilla mu/ be add$4 ,numb]less aquatic birds1 h[ev]1 visit x = bre$+ purposes4 ,ducks1 div]s1 geese1 gulls1 all ! ,russian species ( snipes & s&pip]s1 etc41 cov] ! m>%es ( ! tundras1 or ! crags ( ! ,lapl& coa/4 ,! =e/ region1 & especially its conif]\s portion1 ?\gh x has lo/ "s ( its repres5tatives )9 hi/oric times1 is /ill ri*4 ,! re9de]1 rapidly disappe>+1 is n[ met ) only 9 ,olonetz & ,vologda2 ! ,c]vus pyg>gus is f\nd ev]y:]e1 & rea*es ,novgorod4 ,! weasel1 ! fox & ! h>e are exce$+ly common1 z also ! wolf & ! be> 9 ! nor?2 b ! glutton1 ! lynx1 & ev5 ! elk are rapidly disappe>+4 ,! wild bo> is conf9$ to ! bas9 ( ! ,dw9a1 & ! ,bison eropea to ! ,bielovyezha =e/s4 ,! sable has q disappe>$1 be+ f\nd only on ! ,urals2 ! beav] is f\nd at a few places 9 ,m9sk1 & ! ott] is v r>e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! h>e & also ! grey p>tridge1 ! h$gehog1 ! quail1 ! l>k1 ! rook1 & ! /ork f9d _! way into ! conif]\s region z ! =e/s are cle>$4 ,! avifauna is v ri*2 x includes all ! =e/ & g>d5 birds :i* are kn[n 9 we/]n ,europe1 z well z a v great v>iety ( aquatic birds4 ,hunt+ & %oot+ give occupation to a great numb] ( p]sons4 ,! reptiles are few4 ,z = fi%es1 all ^? ( we/]n ,europe1 except ! c>p1 are met ) 9 ! lakes & riv]s 9 imm5se quantities1 ! *>act]i/ic feature ( ! region be+ its weal? 9 ,coregoni & 9 ,salmonidoe g5]ally4 ,9 ! ,ante-,/eppe ! =e/ species prop]1 su* z ,pt]omys volans & ,tamias /riatus1 disappe>1 b ! common squirrel1 ! weasel1 & ! be> are /ill met ) 9 ! =e/s4 ,! h>e is increas+ rapidly1 z well z ! fox4 ,! avifauna1 ( c\rse1 becomes poor]2 nev]!less ! woods ( ! ,/eppe1 & /ill m ! =e/s ( ! ,ante-,/eppe1 give refuge to _m birds1 ev5 to ! hazel-h51 ! woodcock & ! black-gr\se4 ,! fauna ( ! ?ickets at ! bottom ( ! riv]-valleys is decid$ly1 ri* & includes aquatic birds4 ,! de/ruction ( ! =e/s & ! advance ( :eat into ! prairies are rapidly impov]i%+ ! ,/eppe fauna4 ,! v>i\s species ( rapaci\s animals are disappe>+1 toge!r ) ! colonies ( m>mots2 ! insectivores are also becom+ sc>ce 9 consequ5ce ( ! de/ruction ( insects1 :ile v]m91 su* z ! suslik 7,sp]mophilus71 become a real plague1 z also ! de/ructive insects :i* h be5 a sc\rge to agriculture dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,! abs5ce ( ,coregoni is a *>act]i/ic feature ( ! fi%-fauna ( ! ,/eppes2 ! c>p1 on ! contr>y1 reappe>s1 & ! riv]s are ri* 9 /urgeons4 ,on ! ,volga bel[ ,nijni ,novgorod ! /urgeon1 & o!rs ( ! same family1 z also a v great v>iety ( ganoids & ,teleo/ei1 appe> 9 su* quantities t !y give occupation to ne>ly #ajj1jjj p4 ,! m\?s ( ! ,caspian riv]s are especially celebrat$ = _! weal? ( fi%4 ,,sib]ia ,,jean ,,jacques ,,elisee ,,reclus ,sib]ia is emphatically ! ,l& ( ! ,nor?4 ,its "n has by "s etymologi/s be5 id5tifi$ ) ,sev]ia1 a t]m =m]ly appli$ to v>i\s nor!rn regions ( ,european ,russia4 ,! city ( ,sibir1 :i* has giv5 its "n to ! :ole ( ,nor? ,asia1 0 s call$ only by ! ,russians1 its native "n be+ ,isk]4 ,! ,cossacks1 com+ f ! s\? & c5tre ( ,russia1 may h naturally reg>d$ z pre-em95tly ! ,nor!rn ,l& ^? cold regions ( ! ,ob bas9 ly+ beyond ! sn[y m\nta9s :i* =m ! girdle ( ! _w4 ,long be=e ! conque/ ( ,sibir by ! ,cossacks1 ?is region 0 kn[n to ! ,arab trad]s & mission>ies4 ,! ,tat>s ( ,sibir 7 ,mahomm$ans & ?is t[n 0 ! c5tre ( ! great fur trade4 ,! ,russians !mselves _h con/ant relations ) ! inhabitants ( ! ,asiatic slopes ( ! ,urals1 & ! ,novgorodians 7 acqua9t$ ) ! regions /ret*+ beyond ! portages4 ,e>ly 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury ! ,mosc[ ,ts>s1 heirs ( ! ,novgorod p[]1 call$ !mselves lords ( ,obdoria & ,kond9a2 t is ( all ! ,l[] ,ob bas9 betwe5 ! ,konda & ! ,irti% conflu5ce1 & ! /ation ( ,obdorsk1 "u ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,_! possessions--t is1 ! hunt+ gr\nds visit$ by ! ,russian ag5ts ( ! ,/rogonov family--consequ5tly skirt$ ! great riv] = a di/ance ( #fjj miles4 ,b ! ,slav p[] 0 de/9$ soon to be consolidat$ by conque/1 & su* is ! respect inspir$ by =ce t ! successful exp$ition ( a ,cossack brig&1 on ^: head a price _h be5 set1 0 suppos$ to h l$ to ! discov]y ( ,sib]ia1 al?\gh really prec$$ by _m visits ( a peaceful "*4 ,ev5 /ill ! conqu]+ ,y]mak is (t5 reg>d$ z a sort ( explor] ( ! l&s beyond ! ,urals4 ,b he m]ely e/abli%es himself z a ma/] :]e ! ,/rogonov trad]s _h be5 receiv$ z gue/s4 ,maps ( ! ,ob & ( ! ,o/iak c\ntry _h already be5 publi%$ by ,seba/ian ,mun/] & by ,h]b]/e9 a g5]ation be=e ! ,cossacks ent]$ ,sibir4 ,! v "n ( ?is t[n is m>k$ on ,mun/]'s map4 ,9 #aegi1 ,y]mak began ! second plund]+ exp$ition1 :i* 9 two ye>s result$ 9 ! capture ( ! ,tat> k+dom4 ,:5 ! conqu]ors ent]$ ,sibir !y _h be5 r$uc$ f ov] #hjj to ab\t #djj m54 ,b ?is h&ful repres5t$ ! p[] ( ! ,ts>s & ,y]mak c\ld sue = p>don1 ) ! (f] ( a k+dom z 8 ransom4 ,be=e ! close ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury ! l& _h be5 f9ally subdu$4 ,sibir itself1 :i* /ood on a high bluff on ! "r bank ( ! ,irti%1 exi/s no m1 hav+ probably be5 swept away by ! erosions ( ! /ream4 ,b t5 miles f>!r d[n ano!r capital1 ,tobolsk1 arose1 also on ! "r bank1 & ! :ole ( ! nor? 0 gradually add$ to ! ,ts>'s dom9ions4 ,! fur trapp]s1 m ev5 ?an ! soldi]s1 7 ! real conqu]ors ( ,sib]ia4 ,nev]!less1 _m battles _h to be f\ght d[n to ! middle ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,buriats ( ! ,angora bas91 ! ,koriaks1 & o!r tribes long held out2 b mo/ ( ! l& 0 peacefully acquir$1 & p]man5tly secur$ by ! =ts erect$ by ! ,cossacks at ! junction ( ! riv]s1 at ! entrance ( ! m\nta9 passes1 & o!r /rategic po9ts4 ,hi/ory records no o!r in/ance ( su* a va/ dom9ion s rapidly acquir$1 & ) su* sl5d] means1 by a h&ful ( m5 act+ mo/ly on _! own impulse1 )\t *iefs or in/ructions f ! c5tre ( au?ority4 ,ev5 ,*9a all[$ ! ,cossacks to settle on ! banks ( ! ,amur1 ?\gh ! treaty ( ,n]*9sk requir$ ! ,russians to )draw f t bas9 9 #afhi4 ,b dur+ ! pres5t c5tury !y h be5 aga9 attract$ to ?is region1 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg is n[ fully alive to ! advantages ( a free access by a l>ge navigable /ream to ! ,pacific seabo>d4 ,h5ce1 9 #ahea1 ,muraviov e/abli%$ ! factory ( ,nikolaievsk1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,amur1 & ^? ( ,m>i9sk & ,alex&rovsk at ei!r end ( ! portage connect+ t riv] ) ! ,bay ( ,ca/ries4 ,dur+ ! ,crimean w> its left bank 0 def9itely secur$ by a l9e ( =tifi$ po/s1 & 9 #ahei a ukase confirm$ ! possession ( a t]ritory torn f ,*9a 9 "t ( peace4 ,la/ly1 9 #ahfj1 :ile ! ,anglo-,fr5* =ces 7 ent]+ ,pek91 ,russia obta9$ )\t a bl[ ! cession ( ! region s\? ( ! ,amur & ea/ ( ! ,ussuri1 /ret*+ along ! coa/ to ! ,corean fronti]4 ,& ?us 0 complet$ ! r$uction ( ! :ole ( ,nor? ,asia1 a t]ritory ( itself alone f> m ext5sive ?an ! ,european cont95t4 ,9 o!r respects !re is1 ( c\rse1 no po9t ( comp>ison betwe5 ^! two regions4 ,?is ,sib]ian _w1 :]e va/ wild]nesses /ill rema9 to be explor$1 has a =eign trade surpass$ by t ( _m a ?ird-rate ,european seaport1 su* z ,dov] or ,b\logne4 ,embrac+ a ?irte5? "p ( ! dry l& on ! surface ( ! globe1 its population falls %ort ( t ( ,london alone2 x is ev5 m sp>sely peopl$ ?an ,caucasia & ,turke/an1 hav+ little ov] "o inhabitant to #a1jjj acres4 ,accurate surveys ( ! physical features & fronti]-l9es are /ill f> f complete4 ,only q rec5tly ! fir/ circumnavigation ( ! ,old ,_w r\nd ! nor!rn %ores ( ,sib]ia has be5 accompli%$ by ! ,sw$i% explor]1 ,nord5skjoeld4 ,! e>ly attempts made by ,will\ghby1 ,*ancellor1 & ,burr\gh fail$ ev5 to rea* ! ,sib]ian coa/4 ,hop+ lat] on to rea* ,*9a by asc5d+ ! ,ob to ! imag9>y ,lake ,kitai--t is1 ,ka?ay1 or ,*9a--! ,engli% r5ew$ _! ef=ts to discov] ! nor?-ea/ passage1 & 9 #aehj two vessels1 comm&$ by ,ar?ur ,ket & ,*>les ,jackman1 sail$ = ! ,arctic ,ocean2 b !y nev] got beyond ! ,k>a ,sea4 ,! ,dut* succe$$ no bett]1 none ( ! voyages und]tak5 by ,b>5ts & o!rs betwe5 #aeid & #aeig rea*+ f>!r ?an ! ,spitzb]g5 & ,novaya ,zembla wat]s4 ,nor 7 ^! limits exce$$ by ,h5drick ,hudson 9 #afjh4 ,?is 0 ! la/ attempt made by ! navigators ( ,we/ ,europe2 b ! ,russian trad]s & fi%]s ( ! ,:ite ,sea 7 famili> ) ! r\tes to ! ,ob & ,y5isei ,gulfs1 z is evid5t f a map publi%$ 9 #afjj by ,boris ,godunov4 ,h[ev]1 sixte5 ye>s aft]w>ds ! navigation ( ^! wat]s 0 int]dict$ "u pa9 ( dea?1 le/ =eign]s %\ld discov] ! way to ! ,sib]ian coa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sib]ian ,,natives4 ,! exploration ( ?is seabo>d _h ?us to be prosecut$ 9 ,sib]ia itself by means ( vessels built = ! riv] navigation4 ,9 #afdh1 ! ,cossack ,dejnev sail$ ) a flotilla ( small craft f ! ,kolima r\nd ! nor?-ea/ extremity ( ,asia1 pass+ long be=e ! bir? ( ,b]+ ?r\gh ! /rait :i* n[ be>s ! "n ( t navigator4 ,/adukh9 also explor$ ^! ea/]n seas 9 se>* ( ! isl&s full ( fossil ivory1 ( :i* he _h he>d f ! natives4 ,9 #agce1 ,pron*i%*ev & ,las9ius emb>k$ at ,yakutsk & sail$ d[n ! ,l5a1 explor+ its delta & neighb\r+ coa/s4 ,pron*i%*ev rea*$ a po9t ea/ ( ! ,taimir p59sula1 b fail$ to d\ble ! headl&s betwe5 ! ,l5a & ! ,y5isei e/u>ies4 ,! exp$ition begun by ,laptiev 9 #agci1 aft] suff]+ %ipwreck1 0 cont9u$ ov]l&1 result+ 9 ! exploration ( ! ,taimir p59sula & ! discov]y ( ! ,nor? ,cape ( ! ,old ,_w1 ,pl9y's ,tab91 & ! ,*elusk9 ( mod]n maps1 s nam$ f ! pilot :o accompani$ ,pron*i%*ev & ,laptiev4 ,! we/]n seabo>d betwe5 ! ,y5isei & ,ob e/u>ies _h already be5 survey$ by ,ovtz9 & ,m99 9 #agcg-i4 ,b ! problem 0 already be+ attack$ f ! side ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,9 #agbh1 ! ,dani% navigator1 ,b]+1 9 ! s]vice ( ,russia1 cross$ ,sib]ia ov]l& to ! ,pacific1 :5ce he sail$ ?r\gh ! /rait n[ nam$ f him1 & by him fir/ reveal$ to ! ,we/1 ?\gh kn[n to ! ,sib]ian ,cossacks eighty ye>s previ\sly4 ,ev5 ,b]+ himself1 hugg+ ! ,asiatic coa/1 _h n descri$ ! opposite %ores ( ,am]ica1 & 0 unc]ta9 z to ! exact position ( ! /rait4 ,?is po9t 0 n cle>$ up till ,cook's voyage ( #aggh1 & ev5 aft] t ! ,sakhal91 ,yezo & ,kurile wat]s /ill rema9$ to be explor$4 ,! %ores ( ! ma9l& & isl&s 7 fir/ trac$ by ,la ,p]\se1 :o det]m9$ ! insul> "* ( ,sakhal91 & asc]ta9$ ! exi/5ce ( a /rait connect+ ! ,japanese ,sea ) t ( ,okhotsk4 ,?is complet$ ! g5]al survey ( ! :ole ,sib]ian seabo>d4 ,! sci5tific exploration ( ! int]ior began 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury ) ,mess]s*midt1 foll[$ by ,gmel91 ,muell]1 & ,delisle de la ,croy]e1 :o det]m9$ _m important physical po9ts betwe5 ! ye>s #agcc & #agdb4 ,! region /ret*+ beyond ,lake ,baikal 0 explor$ by ,pallas & 8 associates 9 #aggj-c4 ,! exp$itions1 int]rupt$ by ! great w>s foll[+ on ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 7 resum$ 9 #ahbh by ! ,norwegian ,han/e51 ^: memorable exp$ition 9 company ) ,erman _h su* important results = ! /udy ( t]re/rial magnetism4 ,:ile ,han/e5 & ,erman 7 /ill prosecut+ _! lab\rs 9 e bran* ( natural sci5ce1 ,alex&] von ,humboldt1 ,ehr5b]g1 & ,gu/av ,rose made a %ort visit to ,sib]ia1 :i*1 h[ev]1 rema9$ "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,midd5dorff's j\rneys to ,nor? & ,ea/ ,sib]ia _h also "s v valuable results1 & 7 soon foll[$1 9 #ahed1 by ! exp$ition to ,sib]ia und]tak5 by ,s*w>tz1 ,s*midt1 ,glehn1 ,usoltzev1 & associates1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole region ( ! ,trans-baikal to ! ,l5a & nor!rn tribut>ies ( ! ,amur4 ,?us began ! un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( mod]n j\rneys1 :i* are n[ be+ sy/ematically cont9u$ 9 e "p ( ,sib]ia1 & :i* promise soon to leave no blanks on ! *>t ( t region4 ,! "w ( geographical discov]y1 prop]ly s call$1 may be said to h be5 br\ght to a close by ,nord5skjoeld's rec5t det]m9ation ( ! nor?-ea/ passage1 va9ly attempt$ by ,will\ghby1 ,b>5ts1 & s _m o!r illu/ri\s navigators4 ,su* a va/ region z ,sib]ia1 affect$ 9 ! we/ by ,atlantic1 9 ! ea/ by ,pacific influ5ces1 & /ret*+ nor? & s\? across #bi deg4 ( latitude1 mu/ obvi\sly pres5t great div]sities ( climate4 ,ev5 ?is bleak l& has its temp]ate zones1 :i* ! ,slav coloni/s are fond ( call+ _! ,italies4 ,nev]!less z comp>$ ) ,europe1 ,sib]ia may1 on ! :ole1 be reg>d$ z a c\ntry ( extreme temp]atures--relatively great heats1 &1 above all1 int5se colds4 ,! v t]m ,sib]ian has ju/ly become synonym\s ) a l& ( w9ds1 fro/s1 & sn[s4 ,! mean annual temp]ature 9 ?is region compris$ betwe5 ! riv]s ,anab>a & ,indigirka is #bj deg4 ,fahr4 bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,! pole ( cold1 oscillat+ div]sely ) ! =ce ( ! lat]al pressure f ,yakutsk to ! ,l5a e/u>y1 is ! meteorological c5tre r\nd :i* ! atmosph]e revolves4 ,"h are to a l>ge ext5t prep>$ ! elem5ts ( ! climate ( ,we/ ,europe4 ,travell]s speak ( ! ,sib]ian w9t]s ) m+l$ feel+s ( t]ror & rapture4 ,an inf9ite sil5ce broods ov] ! l&--all is buri$ 9 deep sleep4 ,! animals hib]nate 9 _! d5s1 ! /reams h ceas$ to fl[1 disappe>+ b5ea? ! ice & sn[2 ! e>?1 ( a dazzl+ :it5ess 9 ! c5tre ( ! l&scape1 b grey 9 ! di/ance1 n[h]e (f]s a s+le object to arre/ ! gaze4 ,! monotony ( endless space is brok5 by no abrupt l9es or vivid t9ts4 ,! only contra/ ) ! dull expanse ( l& is ! ev]la/+ azure sky1 along :i* ! sun creeps at a few degrees only above ! horizon4 ,9 ^! int5sely cold latitudes x rises & sets ) h>d outl9es1 uns(t5$ by ! ruddy haze else:]e encircl+ x on ! edge ( ! horizon4 ,yet su* is ! /r5g? ( its rays t ! sn[ melts on ! h\setop expos$ to its gl>e1 :ile 9 ! %ade ! temp]ature is #dj deg4 to #ej deg4 bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,at night1 :5 ! firmam5t is n agl[ ) ! _m-t9t$ lights & sil5t coruscations ( ! aurora borealis1 ! zodiacal light & ! />s /ill %9e ) int5se brightness4 ,to ?is sev]e w9t]1 :i* fissures ! surface & r5ds ! rocks ( ! riv]s into regul> basalt-l columns1 !re succe$s a sudd5 & delightful spr+4 ,s in/antane\s is ! *ange t nature seems z if tak5 by surprise & rudely awak5$4 ,! delicate gre5 ( ! op5+ leaf1 ! fragrance ( ! budd+ fl[]s1 ! intoxicat+ balm ( ! atmosph]e1 ! radiant brightness ( ! heav5s1 all comb9e to imp>t to m]e exi/5ce a voluptu\s gladness4 ,to ,sib]ians visit+ ! temp]ate climes ( ,we/]n ,europe1 spr+ seems to be unkn[n beyond _! l&s4 ,b ^! fir/ days ( new life are foll[$ by a *ill1 gu/y & *angeful int]val1 aris+ f ! atmosph]ic di/urbances caus$ by ! ?aw+ ( ! va/ sn[y wa/es4 ,a relapse is !n exp]i5c$ analog\s to t too (t5 produc$ 9 ,engl& by late ea/ w9ds4 ,! apple blossom is n[ nipp$ by ! night fro/s fall+ 9 ! latt] "p ( ,may4 ,h5ce no apples c be _h 9 ,ea/ ,sib]ia1 al?\gh ! summ] heats are o!rwise amply suffici5t = ! rip5+ ( fruit4 ,aft] ! fleet+ summ]1 w9t] wea!r aga9 sets 94 ,x w (t5 freeze at night 9 ! middle ( ,july2 & aft] ! #aj? ( ,augu/ ! se> leaf beg9s to fall1 & 9 a few days all are gone1 except p]haps ! foliage ( ! l>*4 ,! sn[ w ev5 sometimes settle e>ly 9 ,augu/ on ! /ill leafy bran*es1 b5d+ & break+ !m ) its weight4 ,bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 w9t] reigns un9t]rupt$ ev5 by ! hotte/ summ]s4 ,) its va/ ext5t & v>i$ climate1 ,sib]ia naturally embraces sev]al vegetable zones1 diff]+ m f ea* o!r ev5 ?an ^? ( ,europe4 ,! s\!rn ,/eppes h a *>act]i/ic & well-m>k$ flora1 =m+ a cont9uation ( t ( ! ,aral1 ,caspian & ,volga pla9s4 ,! treeless nor!rn tundras also con/itute a vegetable doma9 z %>ply def9$ z ! des]t itself1 :ile betwe5 ^! two zones ( ,/eppe & tundra ! =e/ region ( ,europe /ret*es1 ) _m subdivisions1 we/ & ea/ "r across ! cont95t4 ,( ^! subdivisions ! *ief are ^? ( ! ,ob1 ,y5isei1 ,l5a1 & ,amur bas9s4 ,beyond ! nor!rn tundras & s\!rn ,/eppes by f> ! greate/ space is occupi$ by ! =e/ zone4 ,f ! ,urals to ,kam*atka ! d5se taiga1 or woodl&s are int]rupt$ only by ! /reams1 a few natural glades & "s tracts "u cultivation4 ,! t]m taiga is us$ 9 a g5]al way = all l&s "u timb]1 b ea/ ( ! ,altai x is appli$ m especially to ! moi/ & spongy region ov]gr[n ) tangl$ roots & ?ickets1 :]e ! m>i1 or peat bogs1 & m>%es alt]nate ) ! padi1 or n>r[ rav9es4 ,! m9]s call by ?is "n ! wood$ m\nta9s :]e !y g 9 se>* ( aurif]\s s&s4 ,b ev]y:]e ! taiga is ! same dre>y =e/1 )\t grass1 birds1 or insects1 gloomy & lifeless1 & noiseless b = ! s\gh+ ( ! w9d & crackl+ ( ! bran*es4 ,! mo/ common tree 9 ! taiga is ! l>*1 :i* be/ resi/s ! w9t] fro/ & summ] *ills4 ,b ! ,sib]ian woodl&s also include mo/ ( ! trees common to temp]ate ,europe--! l9d51 ald]1 junip]1 s]vice1 will[1 asp51 popl>1 bir*1 *]ry1 apricot--^: areas are regulat$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 ! elevation or aspect ( ! l&4 ,t[>ds ! s\?-ea/1 on ! ,*9ese fronti]1 ! bir* is encroa*+ on ! indig5\s species1 & ! natives reg>d ?is z a sure progno/ic ( ! approa*+ rule ( ! ,:ite ,ts>4 ,conflagrations are v frequ5t 9 ! ,sib]ian =e/s1 caus$ ei!r by lightn+1 ! woodm51 or hunt]s1 & sometimes spread+ ov] va/ spaces till arre/$ by riv]s1 lakes or morasses4 ,"o ( ! pleasures ( ,sib]ian travell+ is ! fa9t od\r ( ! woods burn+ 9 ! di/ance4 ,! native flora is extremely ri* 9 b]ries ( e k9d1 supply+ food = m5 & animals4 ,! extreme ea/]n regions ( ! ,amur bas9 & ,russian ,man*uria1 be+ w>m]1 m humid & f]tile1 also ab\nd m 9 animal life ?an ! o!r p>ts ( ,asiatic ,russia4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,sib]ian be>1 de]1 roebuck1 h>e1 squirrel1 m>mot & mole are ab\t "o-?ird l>g]1 & (t5 half z heavy aga9 z _! ,european cong5]s4 ,?is is d\btless due p>tly to ! great] abundance ( n\ri%m5t along ! riv]s & %ores ( ,sib]ia1 & p>tly to ! fact t = ages ! we/]n species h be5 m prey$ ^u by man1 liv+ 9 a con/ant /ate ( fe>1 & mo/ly p]i%+ be=e atta9+ _! full developm5t4 ,! ,arctic ,seas ab\nd probably z mu* z ! ,pacific ,ocean ) m>9e animals4 ,nord5skjoeld f\nd ! ,sib]ian wat]s v ri* 9 molluscs & o!r l[] organisms1 imply+ a correspond+ abundance ( l>g] animals4 ,h5ce fi%+1 p]haps m ?an navigation1 w be ! future indu/ry ( ! ,sib]ian coa/ populations4 ,cetacea1 fi%es1 molluscs1 & o!r m>9e organisms are ca/ up 9 su* quantities along bo? sides ( ,b]+ ,/rait t ! be>s & o!r omnivor\s creatures h "h become v *oice z to _! food4 ,b on "s p>ts ( ! coa/ 9 ! ,*uk*i c\ntry :ales are nev] /r&$1 & s9ce ! arrival ( ! ,russians c]ta9 species ?reat5 to disappe> altoge!r4 ,! ,rhyt9a /ell]i1 a species ( walrus =m]ly frequ5t+ ,b]+ ,/rait 9 millions1 0 completely ext]m9at$ betwe5 ! ye>s #agda-fh4 ,_m ( ! fur-be>+ animals1 :i* attract$ ! ,cossacks f ! ,urals to ! ,sea ( ,okhotsk1 & :i* 7 ! true cause ( ! conque/ ( ,sib]ia1 h become extremely r>e4 ,_! sk9s are di/+ui%$1 above all o!rs1 = _! great s(tness1 w>m?1 lightness1 & bright col\rs4 ,! m ,alp9e or cont95tal ! climate1 ! m beautiful & highly priz$ become ! furs1 :i* dim9i% 9 gloss t[>ds ! coa/ & 9 ,we/ ,sib]ia1 :]e ! s\?-we/ w9ds prevail4 ,! sables ( ! ,nor? ,urals are ( small value1 :ile ^? ( ! ,upp] ,l5a1 fifte5 degrees f>!r s\?1 are wor? a k+'s ransom4 ,_m species assume a :ite coat 9 w9t]1 :]eby !y are difficult to be di/+ui%$ f ! surr\nd+ sn[s4 ,among/ ^! are ! pol> h>e & fox1 ! erm9e1 ! campagnol1 (t5 ev5 ! wolf & re9de]1 besides ! owl1 yell[-hamm]1 & "s o!r birds4 ,^? :i* reta9 _! br[n or black col\r are mo/ly su* z d n %[ !mselves 9 w9t]4 ,! fur ( ! squirrels also v>ies ) ! surr\nd+ foliage1 ^? ( ! p9e =e/s be+ ruddy1 ^? ( ! c$>1 taiga1 & firs incl9+ to br[n1 & all v>y+ 9 int5sity ( col\r ) t ( ! vegetation4 ,o!r species besides ! peltry-be>+ animals h dim9i%$ 9 numb]s s9ce ! arrival ( ! ,russian hunt]s4 ,! re9de]1 :i* frequ5t$ ! ,s\? ,sib]ian highl&s1 & ^: doma9 encroa*$ on t ( ! camel1 is n[ f\nd only 9 ! dome/ic /ate among/ ! ,soyotes ( ! ,upp] ,y5isei & is met ) 9 ! wild /ate only 9 ! dw>f =e/s & tundras ( ! f> nor?4 ,! argali has )drawn to ,mongolia f ! ,sib]ian m\nta9s & pla9s1 :]e he 0 /ill v common at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,on ! o!r h&1 cold & want ( food ye>ly drive great numb]s ( antelopes & wild horses f ! ,gobi ,/eppes t[>ds ! ,sib]ian l[l&s1 tig]s1 wolves & o!r bea/s ( prey foll[+ 9 _! track1 & return+ ) !m 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,sev]al new species ( animals h be5 introduc$ by man & modifi$ by cross+s 9 ! dome/ic /ate4 ,9 ! nor?1 ! ,samoy$s1 ,*uk*is1 & ,kam*adales h ! re9de] & dog1 :ile ! horse & ox are ev]y:]e ! companions ( man 9 ! peopl$ regions ( ,sib]ia4 ,! yak has be5 tam$ by ! ,soyotes ( ! ,upp] ,y5isei1 & ! camel1 typical ( a di/9ctly ,ea/]n civilization1 foll[s ! nomads ( ! ,kirghiz & ,mongolian ,/eppes4 ,all ^! dome/icat$ animals seem to h acquir$ special qualities & habits f ! v>i\s indig5\s or ,russian peoples ( ,sib]ia4 ,,! ,,russian ,,races ,w4 ,r4 ,,morfill ,! va/ ,empire ( ,russia1 z may be readily imag9$1 is peopl$ by _m diff]5t races4 ,^! may e?nologically be catalogu$ z foll[s3 ,i4 ,sclavonic races1 ! mo/ important 9 numb]s & culture4 ,"u ?is head may be classifi$3-- 7#a7 ,! ,great ,russians1 or ,russians prop]ly s call$1 especially occupy+ ! ,gov]nm5ts r\nd ab\t ,mosc[1 & f !nce scatt]$ 9 ! nor? to ,novgorod & ,vologda1 on ! s\? to ,kiev & to ,voronezh1 on ! ea/ to ,p5za1 ,simbirsk1 & ,viatka1 & on ! we/ to ! ,baltic prov9ces4 ,moreov]1 ! ,great ,russians1 z ! rul+ race1 are to be f\nd 9 small numb]s 9 all qu>t]s ( ! ,empire4 ,!y am\nt to ab\t #dj1jjj1jjj4 7#b7 ,little ,russians 7,malorossiani71 dwell+ s\? ( ! ,russians1 ^u ! %ores ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ! ,rusniaks1 am\nt to #af1cgj1jjj4 ,! ,cossacks come "u ^! two races4 ,to ! great ,russians belong ! ,don ,cossacks1 ) ^? sprung f !m--! ,k\ban1 ,/avropol1 ,khop]ski1 ,volga1 ,mosdok1 ,kizl>ski & ,greb5ski4 ,illu/ration3 ,,samoy$es ,,( ,,nova ,,zembla4 ,to ! ,little ,russian3 ! ,malorossiiski1 ) ^? sprung f !m--! ,zaporoghian1 ,black ,sea 7,*]nomorski71 & ^? ( ,azov & ( ! ,danube4 7#c7 ,! ,:ite ,russians1 inhabit+ ! ,we/]n ,gov]nm5ts4 ,_! numb] am\nts to #d1jjj1jjj4 7#d7 ,poles1 liv+ 9 ! =m] ,k+dom ( ,pol& & ! ,we/]n ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,empire4 ,_! numb] am\nts to #e1jjj1jjj4 7#e7 ,s]vians1 ,bulg>ians1 & o!r ,slavs1 inhabit+ especially ,bess>abia & ! c\ntry call$ ,new ,russia4 ,_! numb] rea*es #aej1jjj4 ,,ii4 ,! ,non-,sclavonic races comprise ei!r orig9al inhabitants ( ! c\ntry :o h be5 subdu$ by ! ,russians1 or lat] com]s4 ,among races orig9ally inhabit+ ! c\ntry1 & subjugat$ by ! ,russians1 are includ$--! ,li?uanians & ,letts1 ! ,f9ns1 ! ,samoy$s1 ! ,mongol-,manzhurians1 ! races ( ea/]n ,sib]ia1 ! ,turko-,t>t>1 ! ,caucasian1 ! ,g]man1 & ! ,hebrew4 #a4 ,! ,li?u-,letti% race inhabits ! c\ntry betwe5 ! we/]n ,dw9a & ! ,nieman4 ,9 numb]s !y d n am\nt to m ?an #c1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,li?u-,letti% population is divid$ into ! two foll[+ bran*es3-- 7a7 ,! ,li?uanians prop]ly s call$ 7includ+ ! ,samogitans or ,zhmudes71 :o inhabit ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,vilno1 ,kovno1 ,c\rl&1 & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ^? ( ,augu/ovo & ,grodno 7#a1ijj1jjj74 7b7 ,! ,letts1 :o inhabit ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,c\rl&1 ,vitebsk1 ,livonia1 ,kovno1 ,pskov1 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7#a1ajj1jjj74 #b4 ,! ,f9ni% race--kn[n 9 ! old ,sclavonic *ronicles "u ! "n ( ,*\ds--at "o "t inhabit$ all ! nor?-ea/]n "p ( ,russia4 ,! ,f9ns1 accord+ to ! place ( _! habitation1 are divid$ into f\r gr\ps3--! ,baltic ,f9ns1 ! ,f9ns 9 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,volga1 ! ,cis-,oural & ! ,trans-,oural ,f9ns4 7a7 ,! ,baltic ,f9ns3 ! ,*\ds 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,novgorod & ,olonetz72 ! ,livonians 79 ,c\rl&72 ! ,e/honians 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,e/honia1 ,livonia1 ,vitebsk1 ,pskov1 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg72 ! ,lop>i 79 nor!rn ,f9l& & 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,ar*angel72 ! ,corelians 79 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,ar*angel1 ,novgorod1 ,olonetz1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,tv]1 & ,j>oslav72 ,evremeiseti 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,novgorod & ,/4 ,pet]sburg71 ,savakoti1 ,vod1 & ,izhora4 7b7 ,to ! ,f9ns ( ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,volga1 :o h become almo/ lo/ 9 ! ,russians1 belong ! ,*]emisians 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,kazan1 ,viatka1 ,ko/roma1 ,nijni-,novgorod1 ,or5burg & ,p]m74 7c7 ,to ! ,cis-,uralian ,f9ns1 :o occupy ! c\ntry f ! bord]s ( ,f9l& to ! ,oural1 belong ! ,p]miaks 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,viatka & ,p]m72 ,ziranians 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,ar*angel & ,vologda72 ,votiaks 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,viatka & ,kazan72 & ,vog\li*i 79 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,p]m74 7d7 ,among ! ,trans-,oural ,f9ns are also to be numb]$ ! ,ziranians & ,vog\li*i 7! fir/ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tobolsk1 & ! second 9 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,tobolsk & ,tomsk72 & ! ,o/iaks1 :o1 accord+ to ! places ( _! habitation1 are call$ ,obski & ,b]ezovski4 ,! ,f9ns am\nt altoge!r to #b1ajj1jjj4 #c4 ,! ,samoy$s1 9 numb] #gj1jjj1 live 9 ! t]ritory ext5d+ f ! ,:ite ,sea to ! ,y5esei2 to ^! belong ! ,samoy$s prop]ly s call$1 ! ,n>imski & ! ,y5esei ,o/iaks1 ! ,ol5nie ,*\k*i1 etc4 #d4 ,! ,mongolo-,manzh\rian race am\nt+ to #djj1jjj4 ,among ?is race may be rem>k$ ! ,mongolians prop]ly s call$1 on ! ,sel5ga2 ! ,kalmucks1 a nomad p 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,a/rakhan1 z also 9 ,tomsk1 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,don ,cossacks1 & p>tly 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,/avropol4 ,! ,kalmucks appe>$ fir/ on ! ea/]n conf9es ( ,russia 9 ! ye> #afcj4 ,ab\t a c5tury lat] we f9d !m become ! regul> subjects ( ! ,ts>4 ,!y seem1 h[ev]1 to h f\nd ! ,russian yoke irksome1 & resolv$ to return to _! orig9al home on ! coa/s ( ,lake ,balka*1 & at ! foot ( ! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,ne>ly ! :ole nation1 am\nt+ to almo/ #cjj1jjj p]sons1 began _! m>* 9 ! w9t] ( #aggj-ga4 ,! passage ( ?is va/ horde la/$ = weeks1 b ! re> 7 prev5t$ f escap+ by ! ,kirghiz & ,cossacks1 :o int]cept$ !m4 ,!y 7 compell$ to rema9 9 ,russia1 :]e _! t]ritory 0 m accurately def9$ ?an _h be5 done previ\sly4 ,! ,kalmucks are oblig$ to s]ve ) ! ,cossack troops1 b _! duties are mo/ly conf9$ to look+ aft] ! cattle & horses :i* accompany ! army4 ,_! religion is ,buddhism1 & a conspicu\s object 9 ! a\ls1 or tempor>y villages :i* !y con/ruct1 is ! pagoda4 ,_! p]sonal appe>ance is by no means prepossess+--small eyes & high *eekbones1 ) scanty hair ( a v co>se texture4 ,9 e s5se ( ! ^w !y are /ill /rictly nomads2 _! *ildr5 & t5ts are c>ri$ by camels1 & 9 a few h\rs _! tempor>y village1 or oul\s1 is e/abli%$4 ,to ^! also belong ! ,b\riats1 by ,lake ,baikal2 ! ,t\ngusians f ! ,y5esei to ! ,amur2 ! ,lamorets1 by ! ,sea ( ,okhotsk2 & ! ,ol5tzi1 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,irkutsk4 #e4 ,races ( ea/]n ,sib]ia3 ! ,koriaks1 liv+ 9 ! nor?-ea/]n corn] ( ,sib]ia2 ! ,y\kagirs1 9 ! t]ritory ( ,yakutsk2 ! ,kam*adales1 9 ,kam*atka4 ,_! numb] am\nts to #ejj1jjj4 #f4 ,! ,turko-,t>t> race am\nt 9 numb] to #c1jjj1jjj4 ,to _! bran* belong ! ,*\va%es1 9 ! gov]nm5ts ( ,or5burg1 ,simbursk1 ,s>atov & ,sam>ia2 ! ,mordv9ians1 9 ! same gov]nm5ts z ! ,*\va%es1#a & 9 ^? ( ,tambov1 ,p5za1 & ,nijni-,novgorod2 ! ,t>t>s ( ! ,crimea & ,kazan2 ! ,nagais1 on ! ,k\ban & ,don2 ! ,me/*]iaki1 9 ! gov]nm5ts ( ,or5burg1 ,p]m1 ,s>atov1 & ,viatka2 ,k\mki1 9 ! ,caucasus2 ,kirghizi1 ,yak\ti1 on ! ,l5a2 ,tr\khm5tzi & ,khiv9tzi2 ,k>akalpaks 7lit4 ,black ,caps71 ,tele\ti1 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,tomsk1 ,sib]ia4 ,footnote #a3 ,"s writ]s consid] ! ,*\va%es to belong to ! ,f9ni% race4 #g4 ,! ,caucasian races inhabit+ ,georgia1 ! valleys & defiles ( ! ,caucasian ,m\nta9s h diff]5t appellations & diff]5t orig9s4 ,among !m may be notic$ ! ,arm5ians1 ,georgians1 ,circassians1 ,abkhasians1 ,lesghians1 ,oset9tzi1 ,*e*5tzi1 ,ki/5tzi1 ,t\%i1 & o!rs4 ,_! numb] is ab\t #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! languages ( ! ,caucasus mu/ be reg>d$ z a gr\p di/9ct bo? f ! ,aryan & ,semitic families4 ,!y are agglut9ative1 & are divid$ into two bran*es4 7a7 ,! ,nor!rn ,division1 ext5d+ along ! nor!rn slopes ( ! ,caucasus1 betwe5 ! ,caspian & ! nor!rn %ores ( ! ,black ,sea1 z f> z ! ,/raits ( ,y5ikale2 its subdivisions are ,lesghian1 ,ki/ian1 & ,circassian1 ea* ) its dialects4 ,=m]ly ! ,circassians numb]$ ab\t #ejj1jjj1 b l>ge numb]s ( !m emigrat$ to ,european ,turkey1 :]e !y 7 dext]\sly plant$ by ! gov]nm5t to imp$e ! social progress ( _! ,bulg>ian & ,greek subjects4 7b7 ,! ,s\!rn ,division1 compris+ ,georgian1 ,suanian1 ,m+relian1 & ,lazian4 #h4 ,! ,g]man race1 9 numb] ab\t #a1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,g]mans are *iefly 9 ! ,baltic prov9ces1 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 9 ! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,f9l&1 & ! colonies1 especially ^? on ! l[] ,volga1 ! ,don1 ! ,crimea1 & ,new ,russia4 ,! ,g]mans h acquir$ great influ5ce ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 !y are repres5t$ 9 ! c\rt1 9 ! army1 & 9 ! adm9i/ration4 ,"h also may be m5tion$ ! ,sw$es1 am\nt+ to #bhf1jjj4 #i4 ,! ,jews inhabit especially ! =m] ,k+dom ( ,pol&1 ! ,we/]n ,gov]nm5ts1 & ! ,crimea4 ,_! numb] am\nts to #c1jjj1jjj4 ,among ! ,jews ! ,k>aimite are noticeable1 liv+ 9 ! gov]nm5ts ( ,vilno1 ,vol9ia1 ,kovno1 ,kh]son1 & ! ,taurida4 ,among ! ,europeans & ,asiatics :o h come 9 lat] times to settle 9 ,russia1 are ,greeks1 am\nt+ to #ge1jjj1 9 ! gov]nm5ts ( ,new ,russia & ,*]nigov2 ,fr5*1 ,italians1 & ,engli%m51 9 ! capitals & *ief comm]cial t[ns2 ,walla*ians or ,moldavians 7n[ g5]ally includ$ "u ! "n ( ,r\manians71 9 ,bess>abia2 ,albanians2 ,gipsies1 especially 9 ! t]ritory ( ,bess>abia1 am\nt+ to #ej1jjj2 ,p]sians1 to #aj1jjj1 etc4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,russia ,w4 ,r4 ,,morfill ,i %all foll[ ! divisions giv5 9 8 fir/ volume by ,ou/rialov4 ,he divides ,russian hi/ory into two great p>ts1 ! anci5t & mod]n4 ,i4 ,anci5t hi/ory f ! comm5cem5t ( ,russia to ! "t ( ,pet] ! ,great 7#hfb-afhi74 ,?is fir/ p]iod is subdivid$ into 7a7 ! f\ndation ( ,russia & ! comb9ation ( ! ,sclavonians into a political unity "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,normans & by means ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? "u ,vladimir & ! legislation ( ,y>oslav4 ,accord+ to ! !ory commonly receiv$ at ! pres5t day1 ! f\ndation ( ! ,russian ,empire 0 laid by ,rurik at ,novgorod4 ,! "n ,russian seems to be be/ expla9$ z mean+ ! seam5 f ! ,f9ni% "n = ! ,sw$es or ,norsem51 ,ruotsi1 :i* itself is a corruption ( a ,sc&9avian ^w4 ,x has be5 %[n by ,?oms51 t all ! names m5tion$ 9 e>ly ,russian hi/ory admit ( a ,sc&9avian explanation2 ?us ,+> becomes ,igor1 & ,helga1 ,oleg4 ,9 a few g5]ations ! ,sc&9avian orig9 ( ! settl]s 0 =gott54 ,! gr&son ( ,rurik1 ,sviatoslav1 has a purely ,sclavonic "n4 ,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ into ! c\ntry by ,vladimir1 & ! fir/ code ( ,russian laws 0 promulgat$ by ,y>oslav1 call$ ,r\sskaia ,pravda1 ( :i* a transcript 0 f\nd among ! *ronicles ( ,novgorod4 7b7 ,break+ up ( ,russia1 "u ! sy/em ( appanages1 into "s conf$]ate pr9cipalities1 gov]n$ by ! desc5dants ( ,rurik4 ,?is un=tunate disruption ( ! c\ntry pav$ ! way = ! invasion ( ! ,mongols1 ^: dom9ation la/$ = ne>ly two c5turies4 ,dur+ _! occupation ! ,russians 7 +raft$ ) _m ori5tal habits1 :i* 7 only p>tially remov$ by ,pet] ! ,great1 & 9 fact _m ( !m h la/$ till ! pres5t day4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,mongolians ^u ! national language has be5 greatly exagg]at$1 z ! words introduc$ are conf9$ almo/ exclusively to articles ( dress1 money1 etc4 ,_h ! conque/s ( ! ,mongols be5 p]man5t1 ,russia w\ld h become def9itely atta*$ to ,asia1 to :i* its geographical position seems to assign x4 7c7 ,division ( ,russia into ea/]n & we/]n "u ! ,mongolian yoke #abbh-acbh4 ,?is is a v dre>y p]iod ( ! national hi/ory4 7d7 ,=mation 9 ,ea/]n ,russia ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,mosc[ #acbh-adfb1 :i* by ! en]gy ( its pr9ces became ! nucleus ( ! future empire2 & 9 ,we/]n ,russia ( ! pr9cipality ( ,li?uania1 & its union ) ,pol& #acbj-aefi4 7e7 ,consolidation ( ! ,muscovite p[] "u ,ivan ,,iii41 :o m>ri$ ! daught] ( ! ,greek ,emp]or1 & succe$$ 9 expell+ ! ,t>t>s1 & mak+ himself ma/] ( _! city ,kazan4 ,he 0 foll[$ by 8 son ,vasilii1 :o 0 succe$$ by ,ivan ,,iv41 :o has ga9$ a v un5viable reputation on acc\nt ( 8 cruelties4 ,already ! yoke ( ! ,t>t>s _h begun to h a v det]iorat+ effect ^u ! ,russian "*1 & ! m sangu9>y code ( ! ,asiatics _h effac$ ! tradition ( ! laws ( ,y>oslav4 ,mutilation1 flagellation1 & ! abundant use ( ! kn\t prevail$4 ,! s]vile cu/om ( *elobitye1 or knock+ ! head on ! gr\nd1 :i* 0 exact$ f all subjects on ent]+ ! royal pres5ce1 0 c]ta9ly ( ,t>t> orig91 z also ! puni%m5t inflict$ ^u refractory debtors1 call$ ! pravezh4 ,!y 7 beat5 on ! %9s 9 a public squ>e e day f eight to elev5 o'clock1 till ! money 0 paid4 ,! cu/om is fully describ$ by ,giles ,flet*] & ,ole>ius4 ,ano!r /range habit1 sav\r+ too mu* ( ! ,t>t> s]vitude1 0 t record$ by ,pet] ,heyl9 9 8 ,little ,description ( ! ,great ,_w 7,ox=d1 #afbi71 :o says3 ,x is ! cu/om ov] all ,muscovie1 t a maid 9 "t ( woo+ s5ds to t suitor :om %e *oose? = h] husb& su* a :ip curi\sly by h]self wr\ght1 9 tok5 ( h] subjection unto him4 ,a ,russian writ] also tells u t x 0 usual = ! husb& on ! w$d+ day to give 8 bride a g5tle /roke ov] ! %\ld]s ) 8 :ip1 to %[ 8 p[] ov] h]4 ,h]b]/e9's /ory ( ! ,g]man ,jordan & 8 ,russian wife w p]haps occur to "s ( my read]s4 ,%e compla9$ to h] husb& t he did n love h]2 b ^u 8 express+ surprise at ! d\bt1 %e gave z h] reason t he _h nev] beat5 h]6 ,inde$ ! position ( a woman 9 ,russia till ! "t ( ,pet] 0 a v melan*oly "o4 ,h] place 9 society is accurately m>k$ out 9 ! ,domo/roi1 or regulations = gov]n+ "o's h\sehold1 writt5 at ! "t ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible4 ,z ?is book pres5ts u ) "s v curi\s pictures ( ,russian family life 9 ! old5 "t1 a few words may be p]mitt$ describ+ its cont5ts4 ,x 0 writt5 by ! monk ,sylve/]1 :o 0 "o ( ! *ief c\nsellors ( ,ivan1 & at "o "t 9 great fav\r ) him1 b aft]w>ds fell into disgrace & 0 bani%$ by ! caprici\s tyrant to ! ,solovetzki mona/]y1 :]e he di$4 ,! "w 0 prim>ily address$ by ! wor?y prie/ to 8 son ,an!mus & 8 daught]-9-law1 ,pelagia1 b z ! bulk ( x 0 ( a g5]al "* x soon became us$ 9 all h\seholds4 ,no?+ escapes ?is fa!r ( ! *ur* f ! duties ( religion1 d[n to ! m9or details ( ! kit*5 & ! my/]ies ( cook]y4 ,! wife is con/antly recomm5d$ to practise humility1 9 a way :i* w\ld probably be repulsive to _m ( our mod]n ladies4 ,h] indu/ry 9 weav+ & mak+ clo!s among h] dome/ics is v c>efully dwelt ^u4 ,%e liv$ 9 a k9d ( ,ori5tal seclusion1 & saw no "o except h] ne>e/ relatives4 ,! bridegroom knew no?+ ( 8 bride1 %e 0 only all[$ to be se5 a few times be=e m>riage by 8 female relatives1 & on ^! occasions all k9ds ( tricks 7 play$4 ,a /ool 0 plac$ "u h] feet t %e might seem tall]1 or a h&some female att5dant1 or a bett]-look+ si/] 7 sub/itut$4 ,n[h]e1 says ,koto%ikh91 is !re su* trick]y practis$ ) ref]5ce to ! brides z at ,mosc[4 ,! innovations ( ,pet] ! ,great broke ?r\gh ! ori5tal seclusion ( ! t]em1 z ! wom5's ap>tm5ts 7 call$4 ,dur+ ! m9ority ( ,ivan ,,iv4 ! reg5cy 0 committ$ to ! c>e ( 8 "m ,el5a1 & 0 at be/ b a /ormy p]iod4 ,:5 ,i van came to ! ?rone ! c\ntry 0 n ev5 yet free f ! incursions ( ! ,t>t>s4 ,9 ,hakluyt's voyages we h a curi\s acc\nt ( "o ( ^! deva/ations 9 a lett] ( ,ri*>d ,vscombe to ,m4 ,h5rie ,lane1 t\*+ ! burn+ ( ! city ( ,mosco by ! ,crimme ,t>t>1 writt5 ! fif? day ( ,augu/1 #aega4 ,! ,mosco is burnt e /icke by ! ,crimme1 ! #bd? day ( ,may la/1 & an innum]able numb] ( p2 & 9 ! ,engli% h\se 0 smo!r$ ,?omas ,s\?am1 ,tosild1 ,wav]ley1 ,gre5's wife & *ildr51 two *ildr5 ( ,rafe1 & m to ! numb] ( tw5ty-five p]sons 7 /ifl$ 9 oure be]e sell]1 & yet 9 ! same sell] 0 ,rafe1 8 wife1 ,john ,br[ne1 & ,john ,cl>ke pres]v$1 :i* 0 wond]ful4 ,& !re w5t to t sell] ,ma/] ,glov] & ,ma/] ,r[ley also2 b because ! heat 0 s great !y came foor? aga9e ) mu* p]ill1 s t a boy at _! heeles 0 tak5 ) ! fire1 yet !y escap$ bl9dfold into ano!r sell]1 & !re z ,god's w 0 !y 7 pres]v$4 ,! emp]or fl$ out ( ! field1 & _m ( 8 p 7 c>ri$ away by ! ,crimme ,t>t>4 ,& s ) exce$+ mu* spoile & inf9ite prison]s1 !y return$ home aga9e4 ,:at ) ! ,crimme on ! "o side & 8 cruelties on ! o!r1 he ha? b few p left 7,hakluyt1 ,i4 #djb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,ts> ,,mi*ail[it*1 ,,mosc[4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,engli% fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ,russia 9 ! "t ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible4 ,9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 a voyage 0 und]tak5 by ,sir ,hugh ,will\ghby & ,ri*>d ,*ancellor1 :o attempt$ to rea* ,russia by way ( ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,will\ghby & 8 crew 7 un=tunately lo/1 b ,*ancellor succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,mosc[1 & %[+ 8 lett]s to ! ,ts>1 9 reply to :i* an alliance 0 conclud$ & an ambassador soon aft]w>ds visit$ ! ,engli% c\rt4 ,9 spite ( 8 brutal tyrannies1 = :i* no apologies c be (f]$1 al?\gh "s ( ! ,russian au?orities h attempt$ to gloss !m ov]1 ! reign ( ,ivan 0 di/9ctly progressive = ,russia4 ,! introduction ( ! pr9t+-press1 ! conque/ ( ,sib]ia1 ! developm5t ( comm]ce1 7 all 9 advance ( :at _h be5 done by 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he also _h ! lead+ idea aft]w>ds fully c>ri$ out by ,pet] ! ,great ( ext5d+ ! dom9ions on ! nor?1 & ensur+ a foot+ on ! ,baltic4 ,! relations ( ,ivan ) ,engl& are fully describ$ 9 ! v int]e/+ di>y ( ,sir ,j]ome ,horsey1 ! ambassador f ?is c\ntry1 ! manuscript ( :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,he 0 anxi\s to h an ,engli% wife1 & ,elizabe? select$ "o = him1 ,lady ,m>y ,ha/+s1 b :5 ! bride-elect _h be5 made acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ance t ,ivan _h be5 m>ri$ sev]al times be=e1 & 0 a mo/ trucul5t & blood-?ir/y sov]eign1 %e entreat$ h] fa!r ) _m te>s n to s5d h] to su* a man4 ,! "* giv5 ( ,ivan by ,horsey is v graphic1 & is valuable z ! n>ration ( a p]son :o _h frequ5tly be5 9 intimate relations ) ! ,ts>4 ,we give x 9 ! orig9al spell+3-- ,?us mu* to conclude ) ?is ,emp]or ,ivan ,vasiliwi*4 ,he 0 a goodlie man ( p]son & pres5ce1 well fav\r$1 high =ehead1 %rill voice1 a "r ,si?ian1 full ( readie wisdom1 cruell1 blondye1 m]ciless2 8 own exp]i5ce mannag$ by direction bo? 8 /ate & commonweal? affairs2 0 sumptu\sly intom$ 9 ,mi*ell ,ar*angell ,*ur*1 :]e he1 ?\gh gu>d$ daye & night1 rema9es a fe>full spectacle to ! memorie ( su* z pass by or he] 8 "n spok5 ( :o are cont5t$ to cross & bless !mselves f 8 resurrection aga9e4 ,pass+ ov] 8 feeble son1 we come to ! era ( ,boris ,godunov1 a man 9 _m respects rem>kable1 b n ! lea/ t he saw ! necessity ( we/]n culture4 ,8 plans = educat+ ,russia 7 ext5sive1 & sev]al y\?s 7 s5t abroad = ?is purpose1 includ+ "s to ,engl&4 ,b 8 reign end$ gloomily1 & 0 foll[$ by ! p]iod ( ! ,pret5d]s 7,samozvantzi71 dur+ :i* ,russia 0 r5t by oppos+ factions2 & almo/ end$ 9 receiv+ a =eign sov]eign1 9 ! p]son ( ,ladislaus 7,wladyslaw71 ! son ( ,sigismund ,,iii41 ! ,k+ ( ,pol&4 ,! ,romanovs f9ally asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 ! p]son ( ,mi*ael 9 #afac4 ,! son ( ,mi*ael1 ,alexis1 0 a ?or\ghly re=m+ sov]eign1 & took _m =eign]s into 8 pay4 ,) ! reign ( ,ivan ,v41 son ( ,alexis1 closes ! old p]iod ( ,russian hi/ory4 ,,ii4 ,! new hi/ory f ! days ( ,pet] ! ,great to ! pres5t "t4 ,! re=ms introduc$ into ,russia by ,pet] ! ,great are too well kn[n to ne$ recapitulation "h4 ,!re w be always _m diff]5t op9ions ab\t ?is wond]ful man4 ,"s h n hesitat$ to say t he kn\t$ ,russia into civilization2 o!rs c see traces ( ! h]o mix$ ) mu* clay4 ,"o ( ! d>ke/ pages 9 ! annals ( 8 reign1 is t ^u :i* is writt5 ! fate ( 8 un=tunate son1 ,alexis4 ,all ,russia seems b "o va/ monum5t ( 8 g5ius4 ,he gave h] six new prov9ces1 a foot+ ^u two seas1 a regul> army tra9$ on ! ,european sy/em1 a l>ge fleet1 an admiralty1 & a naval academy2 besides ^!1 "s educational e/abli%m5ts1 a gall]y ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 & a public libr>y4 ,no?+ escap$ 8 notice1 ev5 to su* m9utiae z ! alt]ation ( ,russian lett]s to make !m m adapt$ to pr9t+1 & *ang+ ! dress ( 8 subjects s z to be m 9 con=mity ) ,european co/ume4 ,all ?is int]f]5ce sav\r$ ( despotism1 no d\bt1 b x l$ to ! consolidation ( a great nationality4 ,! ,russians belong to ! ,european family1 & mu/ ( necessity return to fulfil _! de/9y1 al?\gh !y _h be5 tempor>ily div]t$ f _! bondage "u ! ,mongols4 ,ow+ to ! mi/ake ,pet] _h committ$ 9 all[+ ! succession to be *ang$ at ! w ( ! rul+ sov]eign1 ! c\ntry 0 = "s "t aft] 8 dea? 9 ! h&s ( ,russian & ,g]man adv5tur]s4 ,on ! dea? ( ,pet] he 0 succe$$ by 8 wife ,ca!r9e1 an amiable b illit]ate woman1 :o 0 :olly "u ! influ5ce ( ,m5%ikov1 "o ( ,pet]'s *ief fav\rites4 ,aft] a %ort reign ( two ye>s1 %e 0 succe$$ by ,pet] ,,ii41 son ( ! un=tunate ,alexis1 9 ^: "t ,m5%ikov & 8 family 7 bani%$ to ,b]ezov 9 ,sib]ia4 ,aft] 8 bani%m5t1 ,pet]1 :o 0 a weak pr9ce1 & %[$ e incl9ation to undo 8 gr&fa!r's "w1 fell "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,dolgor\kis4 ,!re is some?+ v t\*+ 9 ! fate ( ?is poor *ild--he 0 b fifte5 ye>s ( age :5 he di$--toss$ ab\t amid/ ! oppos+ factions ( ! intrigu+ c\rti]s1 ea* ( :om c>$ no?+ = ! good ( ! c\ntry1 b only h[ to f9d ! readie/ means to supplant 8 rival4 ,! la/ words ( ! boy z he lay on 8 dea?-b$ 71 ,get ready ! sl$ge6 ,i want to g to my si/]6 allud+ to ! ,pr9cess ,natalia1 ! o!r *ild ( ,alexis :o _h di$ ?ree ye>s previ\sly4 ,on 8 dea? ,anne1 ,du*ess ( ,c\rl&1 & daught] ( ,ivan1 ! eld] bro!r ( ,pet]1 0 call$ to ! ?rone4 ,aft] h] dea?1 by a second revolution de palais1 ,elizabe?1 ! daught] ( ,pet] ! ,great1 0 made sov]eign4 ,9 ?is reign h] alliance 0 conclud$ ) ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,au/ria1 & dur+ ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>1 a l>ge ,russian =ce invad$ ,prussia2 ano!r took ,b]l9 9 #agfj4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( h] reign ,elizabe? 0 "u ! influ5ce ( fav\rites1 or vrem5/*iki1 z ! ,russians call !m4 ,%e appe>s to h be5 an indol5t1 good-temp]$ woman1 & exce$+ly sup]/iti\s4 ,dur+ h] reign ,russia made consid]able progress 9 lit]ature & culture4 ,a national !atre1 ( :i* !re _h be5 a few g]ms ev5 at s e>ly a p]iod z ! y\? ( ,pet] ! ,great1 0 ?or\ghly develop$1 & at ,y>oslavl1 ,volkov1 ! son ( a m]*ant1 e>n$ su* a reputation z an actor1 t he 0 summon$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg by ,elizabe?1 :o took him "u h] patronage4 ,dramati/s n[ sprang up on e side1 b at fir/ 7 m]ely translators ( ,corneille1 ,rac9e1 & ,moli]e4 ,! ,russian arms 7 successful dur+ h] reign1 & ! capture ( ,b]l9 9 #agfj1 _h a great effect ^u ,european politics4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds ,elizabe? di$1 & h] nephew ,pet] ,,iii4 succe$$1 :o admir$ ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 & at once made peace ) him4 ,?is un=tunate man1 h[ev]1 only reign$ six mon?s1 hav+ be5 de?ron$ & put to dea? by ord] ( 8 wife1 :o became ,empress ( ,russia "u ! title ( ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ,h[ev] unju/ifiable ! means may h be5 by :i* ,ca!r9e became possess$ ( ! ?rone1 & 9 m]e ju/ice to h] we mu/ rememb] t %e _h be5 brutally treat$ by h] husb&1 & 0 9 h\rly expectation ( be+ immur$ = life 9 a dungeon by 8 ord]s1 %e ex]cis$ h] p[] to ! advantage ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #aggj1 a ,russian fleet appe>$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! ,turki% navy 0 de/roy$ at ,*esme4 ,by ! treaty ( ,kut*uk ,ka9>dji 7#aggd71 ,turkey 0 oblig$ to recognize ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,crimea1 & c$e to ,russia a consid]able am\nt ( t]ritory4 ,9 #aghc1 ,russia ga9$ ! ,crimea1 & 9 #agic1 by ! la/ p>tition ( ,pol&1 a v l>ge portion ( t c\ntry4 ,! subsequ5t ev5ts ( ! hi/ory are well kn[n4 ,paul1 :o succe$$ ,ca!r9e1 0 assass9at$ 9 #ahja4 ,! reign ( ?is emp]or has be5 made v famili> to ,engli%m5 by ! highly col\r$ portrait giv5 by ! travell] ,cl>ke1 :o lab\r$ "u ! mo/ aggravat$ ,russophobia4 ,t ,paul did _m cruel & caprici\s ?+s does n admit ( a d\bt1 b he 0 capable ( g5]\s feel+s1 & sometimes surpris$ p z mu* by 8 lib]ality z by 8 despotic conduct4 ,?us he set ,kosciuscko at lib]ty z soon z he _h asc5d$ ! ?rone2 & !re 0 a f9e rev5ge 9 8 compell+ ,orlov to foll[ ! c(f9s ( ,pet] & ,ca!r9e1 :5 by 8 ord] !y 7 buri$ toge!r 9 ! ,petropavlovski *ur*4 ,alex&] ,i41 8 son1 add$ ,f9l& to ! ,russian empire1 & saw 8 c\ntry invad$ by ,napoleon 9 #ahab4 ,! horrors ( ?is campaign h be5 well describ$ by ,segur1 ,wilson1 & ,labaume4 ,at 8 dea? 9 #ahbe1 8 bro!r ,ni*olas succe$$1 n )\t opposition1 :i* l$ to blood%$ & ! execution ( ! five ,dekabri/s 7conspirators ( ,decemb]74 ,! s*emes ( ^! m5 7 impracticable2 s little did ! common p und]/& ! v rudim5ts ( lib]alism1 t :5 ! soldi]s 7 ord]$ to %\t = ,kon/it\tzia 7! con/itution1 a ^w ! =eign appe>ance ( :i* %[s h[ ali5 x 0 to ! national _s71 "o ( !m naively ask$1 if t 0 ! "n ( ! wife ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e4 ,! policy ( ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas 0 "o ( complete isolation ( ! c\ntry1 & ! prev5tion ( 8 subjects z mu* z possible f hold+ int]c\rse ) ! re/ ( ,europe1 h5ce p]mission to travel 0 b sp>+ly giv51 nor 7 =eign]s enc\rag$ to visit ,russia4 ,9 #ahbf1 w> broke out ) ,p]sia1 ! result ( :i* 0 t ! latt] p[] 0 compell$ to c$e ,erivan & ! c\ntry z f> z ! ,araxes 7or ,aras74 ,russia also made fur!r additions to h] t]ritory by ! treaty ( ,adrianople 9 #ahbi1 aft] ,diebi* _h cross$ ! ,balkans4 ,9 #ahcj1 ! great ,poli% rebellion broke out1 :i* 0 cru%$ aft] mu* blood%$ 9 ,sept4 #ahca1 by ! capture ( ,w>saw4 ,9 #ahdi1 ! ,russians assi/$ ,au/ria 9 cru%+ ! revolt ( h] ,hung>ian subjects4 ,9 #ahec broke out ! ,crimean ,w>1 ! details ( :i* are s well kn[n z to require no enum]ation4 ,peace 0 conclud$ betwe5 ,russia & ! ,allies1 aft] ! dea? ( ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas 9 #ahee1 :o 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,alex&] ,,ii4 ,! two great ev5ts ( ! reign ( ?is mon>* h be5 ! emancipation ( ! s]fs 9 #ahfa1 by :i* #bb1jjj1jjj receiv$ _! lib]ty1 & ! w> ) ,turkey4 ,,*ur* ,,s]vice ,,alfr$ ,,maskell ,! hi/ory ( ! introduction & e>ly progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,russia is involv$ 9 obscurity & ov]laid ) leg5d>y /ories4 ,!re is little d\bt t x came f ,con/ant9ople1 & 0 n only rapidly spread1 b firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! c\ntry )9 a %ort space ( "t4 ,! date mo/ g5]ally accept$ is t ( ! reign ( ,vladimir1 ! great pr9ce ( ,kief1 gr&son ( ,olga4 ,z ,dean ,/anley rem>ks 9 8 ,lectures on ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*3 ,x co9cides ) a great epo* 9 ,europe1 ! close ( ! ,t5? ,c5tury1 :5 ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ! end ( ! _w 0 fe>fully expect$1 :5 ! ,lat9 ,*ur* 0 ov]cl\d$ ) ! deepe/ despond5cy1 :5 ! ,papal ,see _h become ! prey ( ruffians & pr(ligates1 !n x 0 t ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 sil5tly & almo/ unconsci\sly1 bore into ! _w h] mightie/ (fspr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,assumption1 ,,mosc[4 ,! ,ea/]n ,*ur* 0 !n at ! z5i? ( its spl5d\r4 ,! envoys s5t by ,vladimir to ,con/ant9ople to exam9e & report ^u ! religion :i* he _h almo/ decid$ to adopt 7 dazzl$ ) ! magnific5ce ( ! c]emonial4 ,!y 7 wav]+ 9 _! *oice & weigh+ ! m]its ( ! diff]5t sy/ems :i* _h be5 br\ght be=e !m4 ,rome !y _h n se52 ,mohamm$anism 0 =eign to _! ta/es2 ,judaism _h be5 f\nd want+2 b ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* appeal$ /rongly to _! imag9ations & b>b>ic love ( spl5d\r4 ,h]s 0 ,/4 ,sophia1 magnific5t n[1 b h[ mu* m gorge\s !n6 ,e ef=t 0 made to w9 !m1 & ! victory 0 easy4 ,! int]c\rse ( ! newly =m$ empire ( ,russia ) ,byzantium 0 at t "t great4 ,! *ange ( religion _h be5 v sudd5 & x 0 necess>y to build at once new edifices = ! new ord] ( ?+s4 ,x 0 naturally to ,byzantium t !y turn$ = _! =m & ornam5t4 ,v quickly *ur*es arose4 ,novgorod1 ! cradle ( ! ,empire & ! capital until ! removal to ,kief1 0 ! ,metropolitan ,see1 & ! fir/ ca!dral is said to h be5 built !re z e>ly z ,a4 ,d4 #ihi4 ,! =m ( a ,russian ,*ur* und]w5t little *ange up to ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury ! ar*itects import$ f ,lomb>dy br\ght to be> on ! ext]ior ! /yle ( ! ,lomb>dic or ,romanesque ar*itecture :i* _h s long prevail$ 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,! gild$ dome or cupola1 ( peculi> onion-%ap$ =m :i* is s especially ,russian1 0 add$ soon aft]w>ds4 ,! c5tral cupola1 :i* 0 adopt$ f ! fir/1 0 aft]w>ds surr\nd$ by o!rs2 _! numb] rea*$ ev5 to tw5ty or ?irty1 & x 0 n until ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury at ! "t ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! patri>*ate 7#aehi71 t ^! 7 au?oritatively re/rict$ to five1 :i* is n[ ! or?odox & obligatory numb]4 ,! practice ( hav+ two1 ?ree1 five1 sev51 n9e & ?irte5 cupolas or spires is z e>ly z ! ,elev5? ,c5tury4 ,! numb]s 7 figurative2 two signify+ ! two natures ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?ree1 a symbol ( ! ,tr9ity1 five1 our ,"l & ! f\r evangeli/s or ! five w\nds1 sev51 ! sev5 sacram5ts1 ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 or ! sev5 recum5ical c\ncils1 n9e1 ! n9e cele/ial hi]>*ies1 & ?irte51 our ,"l & ! twelve apo/les4 ,)9 ! dim5sions are small & ! light obscure4 ,/ill1 ! simple1 ne>ly squ>e disposition ( ! build+1 ! enorm\s pla9-%aft$ pill>s :i* support ! domes1 ! mass ( gild+1 ! multitude ( lamps1 produce an und\bt$ly gr& effect4 ,x is /rik+ly ori5tal2 & z 9 ,russian *ur*es !re are no seats1 b ! p /& 9 a m+l$ ?rong1 n[ & !n pro/rat+ !mselves & beat+ _! =eheads on ! gr\nd1 ea* z 8 own devotion may dictate1 ! resemblance is /ill m m>k$4 ,all ! int]ior is cov]$ ) fresco pictures2 ev5 ! pill>s h gigantic figures ( ! sa9ts & doctors ( ! *ur* pa9t$ ^u !m4 ,f ! high ro( hang imm5se brass *&eli]s ( a peculi> =m ) _m bran*es1 capable ( hold+ hundr$s ( c&les4 ,9 ! dim di/ance1 seem+ly a wall ( gold1 is ! icono/as1 ! solid scre5 :i* 9 e *ur* divides ! sanctu>y f ! re/ ( ! sacr$ edifice4 ,! icono/as is 9 all cases decorat$ ) a l>ge numb] ( holy pictures or icons1 arrang$ 9 =mal r[s "o above ! o!r4 ,x is a solid erection f side to side1 f floor to ro(1 & 9 ! c5tre are ! royal doors1 ?r\gh :i* none may pass b ! consecrat+ prie/1 or ! emp]or3 & ! la/ once only1 at ! "t ( 8 coronation4 ,at no "t is any woman p]mitt$ to ent] ! sanctu>y4 ,! icono/as conta9s sometimes z _m z sev5 r[s ( images3 t ( ! ,usp5ski ,sobor#a has five4 ,_! arrangem5t is guid$ by c]ta9 rules & re/rictions4 ,our ,"l & ! bless$ ,virg9 mu/ be repres5t$ on ea* side ( ! royal doors1 & on ! doors !mselves ! ,annunciation & ! f\r evangeli/s4 ,on ! side doors angels mu/ be repres5t$4 ,above mu/ be ! usual symbol ( ! ,tr9ity figur$ by ,abraham ent]ta9+ ! ?ree angels4 ,footnote #a3 ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption1 ,mosc[4 ,! :ole ( ! space beh9d ! scre5 is kn[n z ! alt>4 ,! alt> itself is squ>e1 or r a d\ble cube4 ,above x f\r small columns ) a canopy =m a balda*9o2 & ! cross is laid flat ^u x4 ,"h also is plac$ ! tab]nacle or zion :i* is (t5 an ar*itectural /ructure 9 pure gold ) figures4 ,!re are five zions ( ?is k9d 9 ! ca!drals ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,novgorod & at ! ,troitsa mona/]y4 ,9 ! apse beh9d ! alt> & fac+ x is ! ?ronos1 ! seat ( ! ar*bi%op1 ) seats = prie/s on ei!r side4 ,besides ! icons & holy pictures on ! scre5 7& 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption ! latt] conta9s ! mo/ highly v5]at$ 9 ,russia7 o!r small] icons are set ap>t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,z is n[ ! cu/om1 ?\gh x is comp>atively a rec5t "o1 ! great] "p ( ! picture1 ) ! exception ( ! faces1 h&s & feet1 is cov]$ ) an emboss$ & *as$ plaque 9 gold or silv]-gilt repres5t+ ! =m & g>m5ts4 ,glories or nimbuses 9 high relief set ?ick ) gems surr\nd ! faces1 & sp>kle z !y reflect ! light f ! multitude ( c&les burnt 9 _! hon\r4 ,"s are cov]$ to ov]load+ ) jewels1 necklets1 & bracelets2 pe>ls1 diamonds1 & rubies ( l>ge size & value adorn+ !m 9 pr(usion4 ,! c]emonial ( ! ,greek *ur* is excessively complex1 & ! symbolical mean+s by :i* x repres5ts ! dogmas ( religion are ev]y:]e made ! subjects ( m9ute obs]vance4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( ! mass ! royal doors are clos$3 ! deacons rema9 = ! mo/ "p )\t1 n[ & aga9 ent]+ = a %ort "t4 ,f "t to "t a pope or popes pass ?r\gh\t ! *ur*1 among/ ! cr[ds1 inc5s+ all ! holy pictures 9 turn2 ! voice ( ! (ficiat+ prie/ is rais$ )91 & is answ]$ 9 deep tones by ! deacons )\t4 ,n[ f "o corn] comes a *ant ( _m voices1 n[ = ano!r a s+le "o 9 tones 7x may be71 ! epi/le or gospel ( ! day4 ,n[ ! doors fly op5 & a fleet+ glimpse is ga9$ ( ! celebrant ?r\gh ! ?ick roll+ cl\ds ( inc5se4 ,!n !y are clos$ aga9 sudd5ly4 ,to a /rang] unable to foll[ & 9 ignorance ( ! mean+1 ! effect is bewild]+4 ,9 writ+1 ev5 g5]ally1 ( ! arts 9 ,russia "s ref]5ce to religi\s music is excusable4 ,t ( ,russia has a peculi> *>m ( its own1 f> above ! b>b>\s discords t are to be he>d 9 ,greek & o!r *ur*es ( ! ,ea/ at ! pres5t day4 ,!re is a sweetness & attractiv5ess 9 ! unaccompani$ *ant+ ( ! *oir1 9 ! deep bass tones ( ! m5 m+l+ ) ! pla9tive trebles ( y\ng] voices1 :i* is indescribable 9 its h>mony4 ,x is unlike any o!r2 yet und]nea? lies ! orig9al t+e ( ori5talism1 ! wail+ semitones ( all b>b>ic music4 ,no accompanim5t1 no in/rum5tal music ( any k9d is p]mitt$4 ,bass voices ( extraord9>y dep? & p[] are ! mo/ desir$4 ,x is said t ! tones n[ us$ 9 ! ,russian *ur* are comp>atively mod]n4 ,! pr9cipal *ur*es & mona/]ies 9 ,russia possess ri* /ores ( ve/m5ts2 "s ( comp>atively high antiquity :i* are pres]v$ ) scrupul\s c>e & /ill us$ on occasions ( great c]emony4 ,9 m mod]n ve/m5ts ! anci5t ornam5t is to a great ext5t /rictly copi$4 ,! saccos1 =m]ly ! pr9cipal ve/m5t ( ! patri>*s & an emblem ( sov]eign p[]1 is n[ common to all ,russian bi%ops4 ,x is 9 ! %ape ( a dalmatic1 =m$ ( two squ>e pieces ( /uff jo9$ toge!r at ! neck & op5 at ! sides1 hav+ wide %ort sleeves4 ,_m ( ! f9e/ ( ^! ve/m5ts are elaborately embroid]$ 9 gold & silv] & ornam5t$ ) figures ( sa9ts2 & 9 ! /uffs !mselves sacr$ subjects are (t5 wov54 ,!y are also ?ickly s[n ) r[s ( se$-pe>ls :i* foll[ ! l9es & edg+s ( ! ve/m5t & bord] ! sacr$ images4 ,!y are besides set ) enamell$1 niello$1 or jewell$ plaques ( gold or silv]4 ,texts 9 ,greek or ,sclavonic (t5 bord] ! :ole ( ! edges ( ! g>m5t4 ,^! are elaborately work$ 9 gold or silv]1 or ! lett]s =m$ completely ( se$-pe>ls4 ,! saccos ( ! ,metropolitan ,pet] 7made 9 #acbb71 ( ,alexis 7#acfd71 ( ,photius 7#adad71 & ( ,dionysius 7made 9 #aehc71 are rem>kable ve/m5ts ( ?is "*1 to be f\nd 9 ! patri>*al sacri/y at ,mosc[4 ,! /oles1 :i* usually correspond1 are long1 n>r[1 & ne>ly /raight-sid$ to ! bottom4 ,a peculi> episcopal ornam5t is ! epigonation4 ,x is a l>ge loz5ge-%ap$ ornam5t embroid]$ & work$ 9 a simil> mann] to ! o!r ve/m5ts1 & by bi%ops is worn hang+ f ! "r side4 ,! usual =m ( mitre ( a pope ( ! ,russian *ur* is well-kn[n4 ,! e>li] k9d 0 a sort ( l[ cap ) a bord] ( fur1 some?+ l ! cap ( a royal cr[n1 & probably n diff]5t 9 type f ! head-dresses ( bi%ops ( ! we/4 ,"s are sewn ?ick ) pe>ls bord]+ & height5+ ! l9es ( ! figures ( sa9ts1 & =m+ ! outl9es ( ! ,sclavonic inscriptions4 ,su* is t ( ,joass(1 fir/ patri>* ( ! ,russian *ur* 7#aeeh74 ,^? ( lat] times are (t5 ( metal ri*ly set ) preci\s /ones4 ,sometimes !y assume a m conical =m1 surm\nt$ by a cross1 l an imp]ial cr[n1 z t :i* is t]m$ ! ,con/ant9ople mitre1 said to h be5 made 9 ! "t ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible4 ,! mitre ( ! celebrat$ ,nikon 7#afee71 :o aspir$ to papal pr]ogatives1 is diadem-%ap$ & rem>kable = ! ri*ness ( ! preci\s /ones ) :i* x is set4 ,! mo/ usual %ape recalls to "s ext5t ! fav\rite cupola1 spread+ out f ! base to ! top4 ,! =m ( ! *alice us$ 9 ! ,russian *ur* v>ies consid]ably1 z x does also 9 t ( ! ,lat9 *ur*4 ,9 g5]al *>act]i/ics ! two h mu* 9 common4 ,9 e>ly times ! *alice 0 made ( wood or cry/al z well z ( gold & silv]4 ,an anci5t *alice ( cry/al is pres]v$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption at ,mosc[1 & ! wood5 ones ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,nikon are 9 ! sacri/y at ,troitsa4 ,on "s old icons our ,"l is repres5t$ z giv+ ! holy communion to ! apo/les out ( n>r[-neck$ vessels :i* appe> to be made ( alaba/]4 ,! ,greek rite = ! celebration ( ! holy eu*>i/ requires ?ree ?+s :i* are n us$ 9 ! we/]n *ur*4 ,^! are ! knife or spe>1 ! /> or a/]isk1 & ! spoon = ! adm9i/ration ( ! *alice z ! sacram5t is receiv$ by ! laity "u bo? k9ds4 ,x may naturally be suppos$ t su* sacr$ objects w\ld be ! subjects ( high arti/ic workman%ip4 ,! pat5 itself is (t5 elaborately enamell$ & o!rwise decorat$1 :]eas 9 ! we/]n *ur* ! rubrics require x to be pla94 ,! c]emonial ( ! prep>ation ( ! bread 7:i* is leav5$ & 9 ! =m ( a small loaf7 is exce$+ly complex4 ,portions are cut out = consecration1 & = ?is purpose a knife call$ a spe> is us$4 ,^! portions plac$ on ! pat5 are cov]$ ) a veil1 & 9 ord] to prev5t ! latt] f t\*+ ! elem5ts a piece ( metal is plac$ ov] !m3 two /rips cross$1 & b5t s z to h f\r feet4 ,! tab]nacle1 or p]haps m prop]ly ciborium1 is sometimes 9 ! =m ( a hill or m\nt ( gold or silv]-gilt1 or ( a temple1 & !re are _m rem>kable examples4 ,"o at ,troitsa is ( solid gold ) ! exception ( ,judas1 :i* is ( brass4 ,ano!r is 9 ! sacri/y ( ! *ur* ( ! ,assumption at ,mosc[4 ,f its inscription we le>n t x 0 made = ! gr& duke ,ivan ,vassilievit* 9 #adhf1 & x is a *>act]i/ic specim5 ( ,russian art ( ! p]iod4 ,a peculi> ornam5t or sacr$ vessel ( ! ,russo-,greek *ur* is kn[n "u ! "n ( panagia1 & ( ?is !re are two k9ds4 ,"o is a jewel or pectoral worn susp5d$ f ! neck by bi%ops1 & is an object on :i* mu* c>e & ri* decoration are lavi%$4 ,9 a some:at alt]$ =m x is worn by prie/s 9 ! same way = c>ry+ ! holy sacram5t on a j\rney or to ! sick4 ,pectoral crosses = ! dignit>ies ( ! *ur* are ( c\rse n uncommon2 n only prie/s1 h[ev]1 b e ,russian man1 woman or *ild c>ries a small cross1 m or less ornam5tal4 ,!y are v>i\s 9 =m & ri*ness ( decoration2 f ! simple bronze cross1 rudely /amp$1 ( ! peasant1 to ! enamell$ & jewell$ "o ( ! metropolitan or noble4 ,ne>ly always ! pla9 ?ree-arm$ cross is set 9 ! c5tre ( ano!r m elaborate or conv5tional4 ,almo/ inv>iably also ! sacr$ monograms & invocations 9 ,sclavonic *>act]s are engrav$ 9 ! field4 ,9 "s cases x is m a m$allion ?an a cross1 ! =m ( ! cross be+ indicat$ by cutt+ f\r segm5ts 9 ! mann] ( ! anci5t /one crosses to be se5 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,besides ! inscriptions1 emblems su* z ! spe> & nails & cr[n ( ?orns are (t5 to be di/+ui%$ ?\gh conv5tionally indicat$4 ,crosses on *ur* tops are made ( silv]1 wood1 lead1 & ev5 gold4 ,! op5-work$ designs ( _m ( !m1 al?\gh int5d$ to be plac$ at great height1 are extremely elegant4 ,!y 7 occasionally ornam5t$ ) co9s1 & ^? on *ur*es erect$ by ! ,ts> are surm\nt$ by an imp]ial cr[n4 ,a cresc5t z a symbol b5ea? ! cross is v frequ5t4 ,v>i\s explanations ( ?is symbol h be5 giv54 ,accord+ to "s x is 9 remembrance ( ! victory ( ! cross ov] ! cresc5t on ! deliv]ance f ! ,mongol yoke4 ,o!rs ?9k x to h orig9at$ simply 9 ! freak ( "s goldsmi?1 aft]w>ds copi$ by o!rs until x came to be accept$ z a necessity4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! use ( ! cresc5t is ant]ior to ! ,mongol invasion1 & 0 an old symbol 9 ,byzantium1 z appe>s f co9s4 ,! pa/oral /aff ( ,russian bi%ops is tau-%ap$2 & !re are _m good old examples1 a few 9 ivory1 b = ! mo/ "p 9 silv]-gilt4 ,processional crosses are also us$4 ,! c5s] is a piece ( *ur* furniture 9 con/ant use 9 ! ,russo-,greek *ur*1 & we f9d sev]al examples v *>act]i/ic ( ,russian art4 ,z 9 ! we/1 ! application ( ar*itectural =ms is v frequ5t1 & x is n surpris+ t ! peculi>ities ( ,russian ecclesia/ical ornam5t %\ld be prom95t & especially ! dome :i* naturally sugge/s itself4 ,among/ ! objects kept 9 ! sacri/y ( ! patri>*s 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption1 9 ,mosc[1 is "o :i* is held 9 special v5]ation4 ,?is is ! vase 9 :i* is pres]v$ ! deposit ( holy *rism us$ 9 ! annual prep>ation ( holy oils = di/ribution to ! v>i\s *ur*es ( ! empire4 ,! prep>ation ( ?is oil is an occasion ( great c]emony 9 ,holy ,week4 ,f ! f\r? week 9 ,l5t ! prelim9>y mix+s ( oil1 w9e1 h]bs1 & a v>iety ( diff]5t +r$i5ts beg94 ,9 ! ,holy ,week ^! +r$i5t are prep>$ 9 a public c]emony3 two l>ge boil]s1 sev]al b[ls & sixte5 vases toge!r ) o!r vessels be+ us$4 ,all ( ^! are ( great size ( massive silv]1 &1 pres5t$ by ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 9 #agfg1 are specim5s ( silv] "w ( t "t4 ,,! ,,cre$s ,,( ,,russia ,,erne/ ,w4 ,,l[ry ,a report 0 br\ght to ,basil1 ! ,metropolitan ( ,mosc[1 9 ! ye> #acdj1 by m]*ants ( ,novgorod1 :o ass]t$ t !y _h beheld a glimpse ( ,p>adise f ! %ores ( ! ,:ite ,sea4 ,:e!r _! vision 7 m]ely ! dazzl+ reflection ( "s sunlit iceb]g1 or only ! gl[ ( poetic imag9ation1 x s fir$ ! ard\r ( ! m$iaeval prelate t he long$ to set sail = ?is gold5 gleam4 ,be ! old leg5d true or false1 x is c]ta9 t to ?is day ! nor!rn ,mujik %[s an ev5 m m>k$ religi\s en?usiasm ?an 8 bro!r ( ! c5tral gov]nm5ts4 ,fanaticism1 my/icism1 & fatalism g ev] h& 9 h& 9 ,nor!rn ,russia4 ,! ,empire ( ! ,ts>s be+ s va/ 9 area & s embracive ( races af=ds space = all =ms ( belief1 or want ( belief1 )9 h] b\nd>ies4 ,all cre$s are repres5t$1 f ! pagan ,samoy$e ( ! tundras to ! ,mohamm$an ,t>t> ( ! ,/eppes4 ,our conc]n is ) b "o ( ^!--! ,old ,believ]s4 ,b to und]/& _! doctr9e1 we mu/ glance at ! cl]gy ( ! ,/ate ,*ur* f :i* !y diss5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,religi\s ,,procession1 ,,loka4 ,! cl]gy ( ! ,or?odox ,russian ,*ur* are divid$ into ,black or monks ( ,/4 ,basil1 & ! ,:ite or p>i% prie/s4 ,! latt] mu/ be m>ri$ be=e !y are orda9$1 & may n m>ry aga9 7:i* has l$ to ! say+1 ,a prie/ takes good c>e ( 8 wife1 = he _c get ano!r71 :ile ! mona/]ies1 ( c\rse1 require celibacy4 ,f ! latt] ! bi%ops are elect$1 s t !y--9 contradi/9ction to ! prie/s--mu/ be s+le4 ,?is sy/em is mu* condemn$ by ! l[] cl]gy1 :o ask p]t95tly1 ,h[ c ! bi%op "k ! h>d%ips ( our lives8 = he is s+le & well paid1 we poor & m>ri$4 ,! rule1 obs]v$ else:]e1 holds good 9 ,russia1 ! poor] ! prie/1 ! l>g] ! family4 ,few village prie/s receive any regul> /ip5d1 b are all[$ a plot ( l& 9 ! commune :]e9 !y m9i/]4 ,?is all[ance is g5]ally f ?irty to =ty dessiat9es 7eighty to "o hundr$ & eight acres71 & c only be conv]t$ into money1 or food products1 by ! lab\r ( ! p>son & 8 family ^u x--v lit]ally mu/ !y put _! h& to ! pl\gh4 ,prie/s are paid = special s]vices1 su* z *ri/5+s or w$d+s1 at no fix$ t>iff1 b at a slid+ rate1 accord+ to ! means ( ! pay]1 ! price be+ arriv$ at by means ( prolong$ b>ga9+ betwe5 ! %eph]d & 8 flock4 ,w\ld-be c\ples (t5 wait = mon?s until a sum c be fix$ ^u ) 8 rev]5ce = ty+ ! knot2 & sometimes1 by means ( daily haggl+1 ! am\nt fir/ ask$ c be r$uc$ by "o-half1 = ! co/ ( ! c]emony v>ies--accord+ to ! social /atus ( ! happy pair--f t5 to "o hundr$ r\bles4 ,fun]als1 too1 are at times po/pon$ = mo/ unheal?y p]iods dur+ ?is process4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! ,:ite ,cl]gy#a are s mis]ably poor t !y _c be blam$ = mak+ ! be/ m>ket !y c = _! prie/ly (fices4 ,:e!r ! sy/em or ! sal>y be at fault x is h>d to say1 b f :atev] cause ! fact rema9s t ! p>i% cl]gy ( ! villages are n always all !y might be2 !re are _m among !m :o lead upright lives & ga9 ! respect ( _! p>i%ion]s1 b x w\ld be idle to d5y t !re are _m ^: ?\ghts turn m to vodka ?an piety1 ! kabak ?an ! ,*ur*4 ,su* %eph]ds h little 9 common ) ! be/ elem5ts ( _! flocks1 & mu* ) ! wor/1 9 ^: company !y are g5]ally se54 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,:ite ,cl]gy we> any col\r b t f :i* !y take _! "n--a de]-sk9 cap & long felt boots4 ,! poor ,pope sp5ds mu* ( 8 "t go+ f izba to izba1 giv+ 8 bless+ & receiv+ 9 return dr9k & a few copecks2 f ?is come1 all too easily1 ! prov]bs ( 8 p>i%ion]s1 ,am ,i a prie/1 t ,i %\ld sup twice8 etc4 ,c\nt ,tol/oi makes 8 h]o rem>k 9 ! trial sc5e ( ! ,resurrection1 :5 8 fell[ jurym5 are m fri5dly ?an he w\ld wi%1 ,! son ( a prie/ w speak to me next4 ,b mo/ ( !m h a side to _! natures :i*1 ?\gh n always to be se51 is1 nev]!less1 lat5t--! h\r ( ne$ (t5 lifts !m to ! l(ty plane ( _! sublime functions2 ! lab\r+--(t5 hungry--peasant ( ! weekdays becomes on ,sunday exalt$ above ! petty surr\nd+s ( ,mujik life1 & becomes inde$ ! little fa!r ( 8 p4 ,f ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ! ,/ate1 ! ,*ur* ( ! few 9 ! ,nor?1 let u turn to ! old fai?1 ! ,*ur* ( ! _m4 ,! ,old ,believ]s1 ,raskolniks1 or diss5t]s1 are inde$ a num]\s1 al?\gh (ficially an unc\nt$1 body 9 ! ,nor?2 half ! trade ( ,mosc[1 mo/ ( t :i* is ,russian at all1 9 ! ,port ( ,ar*angel1 all ! ,pomor %ipp+ lies 9 _! h&s4 ,! ^w ,raskolnik means1 lit]ally1 "o :o splits asund]1 & t is j :at ! ,old ,believ] is--"o :o has split (f f ! ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago ,nikon1 a fri> ( ,solovetsk1 an isl& mona/]y 9 ! ,:ite ,sea1 hav+ qu>rell$ alike ) equal & sup]ior1 0 set adrift 9 an op5 boat2 he rea*$ ! ma9l& at ,ki1 a small cape 9 ,onega ,bay1 w&]$ s\?w>d to ,olonets1 :]e he got toge!r a b& ( foll[]s1 proce$$ to ,mosc[1 obta9$ ! notice ( ! ?rone1 got pref]m5t1 0 soon made ,patri>*4 ,he rul$ ) an iron h&1 made _m enemies1 & :5 at la/ he obta9$ f ,m\nt ,santo1 9 ,r\melia1 au!ntic ,greek ,*ur*-s]vice books1 &1 hav+ _h !m translat$ into ,sclavonic1 =c$ _! use ^u ! ,*ur*1 ) ! aid ( ! ,ts> ,alexis1 9 ! place ( ^? previ\sly 9 use1 ! revolt began 9 e>ne/4 ,9 addition to ! alt]$ s]vice book1 ,nikon introduc$ a cross ) b two beams1 a new /amp = ! holy waf]1 a diff]5t way ( hold+ ! f+]s 9 pron\nc+ ! bless+1 & a new way ( spell+ ! "n ,jesus1 to :i* ! ,*ur* 0 unaccu/om$4 ,9 ea* ( ^! *anges ,nikon & 8 p>ty really wi%$ to g back to old] & pur] =ms ( ,greek ritual1 b _m resi/$ ! alt]ations1 believ+ !m to be innovations4 ,su* 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,raskol2 ! end is n yet4 ,^? :o c\ld n accept ^! re=ms1 or returns to old] =ms1 took up ! "n ( ,/>o-obriadtsi1 or ,old ,believ]s1 hold+ t !irs 0 inde$ ! true old fai? ( _! fa!rs4 ,= !m began1 9 v tru? a h>d "t2 a "t :i* has left its m>k mo/ cle>ly ^u _! desc5dants to-day4 ,excommunicat$ & p]secut$ "u ,alexis & ,pet] ,i41 !y 7 driv5 9 ?\s&s f _! village homes to seek refuge :]e !y c\ld1 9 =e/1 m\nta9 or isl&2 a p>ty rea*+ 9 ! ye> #agfg1 ev5 to ,kolgueff ,isl&1 :]e1 z might be expect$1 !y p]i%$ dur+ ! foll[+ ye> f scurvy4 ,to ^! brave b&s ( ,old ,believ]s1 sett+ =? "u _! bann] ( ! ,eight-end$ ,cross1 to f9d new homes beyond ! rea* ( p]secution1 is1 9 l>ge "p1 due ! colonization ( ! huge prov9ce ( ,ar*angel & ! nor!rn portion ( ,sib]ia4 ,t x 0 n always easy = ! ,raskolnik to get beyond ! range ( (ficial p]secutions is %[n by _m an old ukas1 & by _m an old entry 9 ! books ( f>-di/ant communes4 ,f>!r nor? & f>!r ea/1 f =e/ to tundra & ,/eppe 7 !y driv51 spread+ z !y w5t _! ,russian nationality ov] regions ,asiatic2 z exiles !y settl$ among ,poli% ,romani/s1 ,baltic ,prote/ants1 & ,caucasian ,mussulmans1 & ) ! hea!n ,lapp & ,samoy$e1 & ,o/iac1 on ! ,murman coa/ ( ,russian ,lapl&1 9 ! bleak ,nor!rn tundra1 on ! ,pet*ora1 & away beyond ! ,ural ,spur1 !y f\nd at la/ ! re/ !y s\ght4 ,_! mo/ dang]\s enemy 0 n1 h[ev]1 ! p]secution ( ! dom9ant ,*ur*2 !y _h plac$ !mselves geographically beyond ! rea* ( t3 f> m dang]\s 0 fur!r ,raskol--splitt+--among !mselves1 & x 0 n long be=e ?is ov]took !m4 ,cut (f by _! own fai?1 z well by excommunication1 f ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 ! supply ( consecrat$ prie/s soon gave out2 !y _h lo/ _! apo/olic succession & c\ld n r5ew x1 = ! "o ,bi%op--,paul ( ,kalomna--:o _h jo9$ !m1 _h di$ 9 prison1 )\t appo9t+ a successor4 ,)\t an episcopate !y 7 soon )\t a prie/hood2 & ! vital "q1 ,h[ %all we get prie/s & ?r\gh !m ,sacram5ts8 0 answ]$ 9 two ways1 & accord+ to ! answ]1 s 7 ! ,old ,believ]s divid$ into two ma9 sects4 ,"o sect decl>$ t1 z !re 7 no long] fai?ful prie/s1 !y 7 cut (f f all ! ,sacram5ts except ,baptism1 :i* c\ld be adm9i/]$ by laym54 ,^! ,bespop(tsi1 or prie/less p1 7 unable to m>ry2 & to ?is--9 a l& :]e ! economic unit1 is n man1 b man & wife1 :]e ! ties ( family life are s /rong--0 due _! fur!r splitt+4 ,9 #ahdf1 h[ev]1 !y p]suad$ an outca/ bi%op to jo9 _! ranks1 & f\nd$ a ,see at ,bielokr9itzkaga1 9 ,au/rian ,bukov9a1 beyond ! ,russian ,empire2 f !nce ! succession 0 h&$ d[n1 & n[ aft] long decades ( wait+1 !y h bi%ops & prie/s ( _! own4 ,! practice ( hir+ a prie/ f ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 to conduct a s]vice = ! ,old ,believ]s1 is /ill v common 9 ! f> ,nor?1 :]e all villages h n ! means to keep a ,pope ( _! own2 & _m an ,or?odox cl]gyman ?us adds consid]ably to 8 prec>i\s income by (ficiat+ = ^? :om 8 great-gr&fa!rs excommunicat$ z h]etics2 inde$1 ! ,gov]nm5t n[ enc\rages ?is practice1 & has made "s attempt to heal up ! s*ism by all[+ its prie/s to adopt1 to a slight ext5t1 ! old cu/oms 9 villages :]e all ! inhabitants are ,raskolniks4 ,?is c ! m readily be und]/ood :5 x is rememb]$ t ! ,old ,believ]s hold 9 all ess5tial po9ts ! same cre$ z ! ,or?odox2 !y are--& _! "n implies--believ]s 9 ! old fai? ( ! ,russian bran* ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 z express$ s9ce ! day ( ,/4 ,vladimir until ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 b n 9 ! s-call$ innovations ( ,nikon4 ,! po9ts ( diff]5ce are s small t x seems impossible a ,*ur* %\ld by !m h be5 cleft 9 twa94 ,! ,or?odox sign ! ,cross ) ?ree f+]s ext5d$1 ! diss5t]s ) two1 hold+ t ! two rais$ f+]s indicate ! dual nature ( ,*ri/1 :ile ! ?ree b5t ones repres5t ! ,tr9ity4 ,x does n seem to h occurr$ to ei!r p>ty t ! rev]se holds true z well4 ,! ,or?odox ,cross has b two beams1 :ile t ( ! ,raskolnik has f\r1 & is made ( f\r woods--cypress1 c$>1 palm1 & olive2 ! latt]1 too1 repeats 8 ,allelujah ?rice1 ! ,or?odox b twice4 ,su* are ! po9ts to :i* 9 all probability1 ! peopl+ ( ! outly+ portions ( ! ,empire ( ! ,ts>s is due4 ,! ,raskolniks h set a f> high] value ^u education ?an ! ,or?odox2 ! in/ruction giv5 9 _! settlem5ts (t5 %$s a /rong light ^u ! d>kness ( ,or?odox ignorance ar\nd1 & ) ! spread ( education s does ! sect ext5d & multiply4 ,_! h\se c g5]ally be di/+ui%$ by cleanl9ess1 ! pres5ce ( _m ,eicons1 brass & silv] crosses1 & anci5t books2 its mi/ress by h] great] ?\ghtfulness & capability4 ,old ,believ]s are always glad to seize ! opportunity1 giv5 s well by ! long nor!rn w9t]1 ) its almo/ endless night1 ( read+1 & on _! %elves are se5 translations ( our be/ au?ors1 f :om1 p]haps1 x is t !y h tak5 _! advanc$ political views1 & ! outcome ( ^: p]usal is t ! hunt] & fi%]man w (t5 prop\nd to "o que/ions :i* %[ a m9d well tra9$ 9 logical ?\ght4 ,! ,raskolnik is g5]ally fairly well to d1 =1 l ! ,quak] & ! ,puritan1 he f9ds a turn = bus9ess n incompatible ) religi\s ex]cise1 & to ?is is 9 "p due ! sup]iority & com=t ( _! homes4 ,mo/ ( !m 9 ! f> ,nor? are fi%]s & hunt]s1 seal]s & sailors1 & 9 ^! & k9dr$ trades !y make use ( bett] & m mod]n appliances ?an _! neighb\rs1 & s g5]ally realize m = _! commodities4 ,f> f civilization1 9 ! imp5etrable =e/s ( ! great lone l& ( ,ar*angel1 ! fugitive ,raskolniks 7 able to f\nd retreats = !mselves1 untr\bl$ & unobs]v$2 ^! refuges /ill exi/1 & are call$ ,obitel or cells4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,mez5 !re are _m su* e/abli%m5ts1 bo? = m5 & wom52 among ! =m] ! ,anuphief ,h]mitage1 or cells ( ,koida1 /& 9 a spl5did position1 on ! banks ( bo? lake & riv] ,koida1 "s #ajj v]/s 9 summ] by riv]1 & #ej 9 w9t]1 ov] ice1 f ! t[n ( t "n4 ,on ,noncon=mi/1 z on ,or?odox1 is laid ! burd5 ( sev]e fa/+2 z ,ma/] ,*ancell\r tells u1 9 #aeec1 ,?is p ha? f\r ,l5ts1--inde$1 ! eat+ work+ ye> is r$uc$ to "s #acj days4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 :]e vegetables & b]ries are few & fruit non-exi/5t1 ! ,mujik is left to fa/ on treska1 rott5 codfi%--& ! condition ( ! man :o beg9s ,l5t und]f$ is inde$ pitiable :5 he ends x4 ,! endurance ( ! ,old ,believ] is m>vell\s2 no (f] ( food w tempt him f :at he consid]s 8 duty4 ,let u turn our att5tion f ! ,raskolniks1 or ,old ,believ]s ( ! f> ,nor?1 :o1 z we h se51 s lit]ally =sook all = _! anci5t ,fai?1 to "s few ( ! _m new1 or lately develop$ cre$s ^: foll[]s are seek+ aft] tru? ) equal e>ne/ness & vig\r1 b along v diff]5t l9es4 ,sect begets sect 9 ! _w ( !ology1 mu* z cell begets cell 9 ! economy ( life4 ,*ange seems ! active pr9ciple ( all diss5t2 new cults are =ev] spr++ up 9 ! my/ic *ildlike m9ds ( ! ,ts>'s great peasant family1 nor c\ld "o expect uni=mity ( confession1 :5 ! size & neighb\rs ( t family are consid]$1 = ,mohamm$an1 ,prote/ant1 ,ca?olic1 ,buddhi/1 & ,%amani/ surr\nd x1 are made subject to x1 & ev5tually become a "p !re(4 ,a ,mosque /&s opposite ! ,or?odox *ur* 9 ! great squ>e :i* =ms ! c5tre ( ,nijni-,novgorod1 a ,roman ,ca?olic & a ,g]man ,lu!ran *ur* almo/ face ! magnific5t ,kazan ,ca!dral1 9 ! ,nevski-,prospekt ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! wait]s ( ne>ly all re/aurants1 f ,ar*angel to ,baku1 are ,mohamm$an ,t>t>s1 ! ,jew is 9 e m>ket-place1 ! native hea!n races1 ,lapp1 ,samoy$e1 ,o/iac1 ,yak\t1 & a score ( o!rs1 are closely connect$ by ! bonds ( comm]ce3 c x be wond]$ at if ! ideas ( ! peasant become t9t$ by 8 surr\nd+s8 ,x _c be ga9said t ! lifelessness & empt9ess ( ! ,/ate ,*ur*1 ) its hirel+ & (t5 ignorant prie/hood1 fails to satisfy ! great m9d ( ,russia--! peasant m9d--b n[ awak5+ f its long infant slumb]1 z did ! m9d ( ,we/]n ,europe ?ree c5turies ago4 ,next p]haps to ! extreme lit]alness ) :i* ! ,mujik int]prets ,holy ,writ1 ?is dissatisfaction ) ! (ficial ,*ur* is ! greate/ cause ( ! grip :i* ! *ameleon-l diss5t has tak5 hold ( ! popul> m9d4 ,) v few exceptions--notably ! ,skoptsy--! #aej sects :i* are /at$ to exi/ )9 ! pale ( ,*ri/ianity & ! bord]s ( ! ,empire ( ! ,ts>1 beg9 & end ) ! ,mujik2 ! (ficial _w is ( necessity ,or?odox1 ! weal?y _w c>eless1 & ?is fact1 ( ! peasant orig9 & developm5t ( ! d5om9ations1 mu/ be c>efully borne 9 m9d :5 attempt+ to =m any idea ( ! widely diff]5t mean+s & %ades ( mean+ :i* h be5 put ^u ! "o ,bible /ory4 ,( ! /rictly rational1 & m or less ,prote/ant1 portion ( ,russian diss5t1 ! ,dukhobortsy1 or ,wre/l]s ) ! ,holy ,_s1 & _! desc5dants 9 ! fai?1 ! ,molokans1 or ,milk ,dr9k]s1 are p]haps ! be/ kn[n to u1 f ! fact ( _! hav+ emigrat$ to ,engli%-speak+ l&s1 & f ! valiant *ampion+ ( _! cause by ,c\nt ,l4 ,d4 ,tol/oi4 ,!y =m ! anti!sis ( ! ,old ,believ]s1 z is well set =? 9 ! conv]sation betwe5 ,a4 ,l]oy-,beauleau 79 ! ,empire ( ! ,ts>s7 & a fi%]man ( ! p]suasion1 :o said1 ,! ,raskolniks w\ld g to ! block = ! sign ( ! ,cross ) two f+]s4 ,z = u1 we don't cross ourselves at all1 ei!r ) two f+]s or ) ?ree1 b we /rive to ga9 a bett] k ( ,god2 &1 inde$1 8 words may /& = a decl>ation ( ! simple fai? ( 8 p1 = _! wor%ip is m>k$ by a deep contempt = tradition1 dogma1 & c]emony4 ,!y h ev5 done away ) ! *ur*1 &1 z a rule1 use ! h\se ( _! eld]s z a meet+-place4 ,communion has be5 simplifi$ away1 m>riage r$uc$ to a simple decl>ation1 & invocation ( ,god's bless+1 ! prie/hood "q1 ! rock :i* fir/ split ! ,old ,fai?1 solv$ by mak+ e man a prie/ 9 8 own family3 surely _! motto1 ,! lett] kille?1 b ! ,_s give? life1 has be5 well act$ up to4 ,inde$1 ! :ole !ology ( ! ,dukhobortsy may be summ$ up z a bold attempt to dep>t f ! empty ,greek =malism & arrive at a spiritual & unconv5tional wor%ip1 an enl>gem5t ( ! outl9e giv5 9 ! %orte/ & gr&e/ ( s]mons4 ,! ,molokani are said to h obta9$ ?is "n f tak+ milk & butt] dur+ fa/ times :5 !y are =bidd5 to ! ,or?odox1 b m probably f ! fact ( _! hav+ colonies on ei!r bank ( ! riv] ,molo*naia1 s call$ f ! :it5ess ( its wat]s1 due to potassium salts4 ,!y are v closely ak9 to ! ,dukhobortsy1 ( :i* sect !y are an (f%oot4 ,!y hope = a mill5nium1 & to ?is end t5d all _! communi/ic exp]im5ts2 = ea* ( _! village settlem5ts is /riv+ to manufacture its own e>?ly ,p>adise & run x on its own l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%r9e ,,9 ,,! ,,conv5t ,,solovetskii1 ,,kola4 ,! ,/unda is p]haps ! l>ge/ & mo/ rapidly develop+ faction ( noncon=mity1 = x has ramifi$ f ,odessa--its />t+ po9t--?r\gh\t ,ts>l&1 save 9 ! extreme nor? & nor?-ea/4 ,?is fai? c be trac$ directly to ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 ,lu!rans :o emigrat$ f ,wu]temb]g & settl$ 9 ! fruitful t*5oziom1 or black e>? l&s1 "s half-c5tury ago4 ,! ,/undi/ organization is mu* l t ( ! ,l[ ,*ur* division ( ,prote/antism1 save t x has no orda9$ cl]gy1 a body :om x reg>ds z a some:at exp5sive luxury1 & replaces by elect$ eld]s1 :o lead ! v simple s]vices1 at :i* any man or woman :o feels call$ ^u to d s may say :at he or %e w4 ,^! ga!r+s are m pray]-meet+s ?an s]vices1 = !re is no ,=m ( ,pray] to be us$1 b simply in=mal pray]1 praise & song 9 ! be/ room ( a f>mh\se1 ?\gh1 n[ t ! ,gov]nm5t are n s /rict 9 _! se>* aft] h]etics1 regul> wood5 meet+-h\ses h appe>$ 9 "s ( ! ,/undi/ villages4 ,if few ( ! rational sects h committ$ _! hi/ory & _! views1 or inde$ _! cre$s1 to writ+1 le/ !y %\ld fall into ! h&s ( spies & be us$ 9 evid5ce aga9/ !m1 mu* m is ?is ! case ) ^? ^: se>* aft] tru? has l$ !m to =sake ! l9es ( rationalism & ent] ! l& ( my/icism & spiritualism4 ,b two ( ^! my/ic s*isms ne$ we t\* ^u 9 ?is article1 9 ord] to %[ to :at l5g?s ! ,mujik w g 9 8 ef=ts to escape f ! trammels ( ,or?odoxy1 & ) :at logic he w foll[ up any giv5 l9e ( ?\ght4 ,mo/ ( ! irrational sects are old] ?an ^? already m5tion$1 & d n seem to h _! roots 9 o!r l&s1 b to be ! expression ( ! ,mujik's own m9d 9 its wak+ mom5ts3 ?us ! ,khly/sy--! "n is a nickname tak5 f ! ^w ,khly/ 7a :ip7--date back to ! e>ly days ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,!y hold t ,*ri/ has made & /ill makes repeat$ appe>ances on e>? & 9 ,russia1 & inde$ !y are seldom )\t an inc>nate ,god pres5t ) !m 9 fle% & blood4 ,! ,khly/sy meet by night1 ) ! utmo/ secrecy1 & are report$ to dance1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,d]vi%es1 ) ev]-increas+ rapidity1 until _! feel+s are work$ up to su* a pit* t !y are able to receive messages ( inspiration1 :i* !y %\t out to _! fell[s4 ,if "o ( _! numb] has a fit--n an uncommon ev5t 9 "s communes :]e close int]m>riage among relations has be5 ! practice = g5]ations--he is safe to be reg>d$ z an inspir$ mess5g] & duly hon\r$ z su*4 ,*>ges ( e k9d ( vice h be5 laid at ! door ( ! ,khly/sy2 _! secret s]vices h be5 call$ cloaks = immorality1 & d\btless on occasion h be5 us$ z su*2 b1 z ! "* ( _! congregation /&s = high hone/y & indu/ry1 x is surely m *>itable to assume t _! wor/ feature is _! extreme secrecy1 & t ?is1 :5 add$ to ! hatr$ ( or?odox m>riage :i* ! sect %[s1 lies at ! base ( mo/ ( ! accusations4 ,closely connect$ ) ^! danc+ ,khly/sy are ! jump+ ,%akuny1 ^: jumps are said to increase 9 height z d ! circul> movem5ts ( ! =m]1 until ! prop] /ate ( m9d = inspir$ prophecy is rea*$4 ,among ! /ockbrok]s & money-*ang]s ( ,russian cities1 z well z among peasants1 may be se5 ! pale & almo/ hairless face1 wav]+ voice1 & mild mann] ( ! ,skopets :o has put 9 practice ^u himself ! /range doctr9e ( self-mutilation4 ,^! ,:ite ,doves z !y call !mselves1 base _! self-sacrifice ^u ! lit]al r5d]+ ( su* texts z1 ,if ?y "r eye (f5d !e1 pluck x out1 ,except a man become z a little *ild1 he %all n ent] into ! ,k+dom ( heav51 & argue t 9 ord] to be pleas+ to ,god1 man--& 9 "s in/ances woman--mu/ become l ! angels1 :om !y ass]t to be sexless1 on ! gr\nd t !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage4 ,we notice ! hold :i* religion1 9 its va/ v>iety ( =ms1 has ov] ! popul> m9d ( ,russia4 ,no "o :o has visit$1 h[ev] casually1 a ,russian city c d\bt ?is2 ! icon hangs 9 ! /ation (fice1 & m5 b[ to x1 ! cabman crosses himself ere he drives ov] a bridge2 %r9es are int]pos$ betwe5 %ops1 _m ( :i* latt] are devot$ to ! sale ( crucifixes1 sw++ lamps & sacr$ pictures2 gre5 cupolas & gold5 crosses gleam aga9/ ! sky1 look :i* way y w4 ,s x is 9 ! village1 ! :ite wood5 *ur* /&s out 9 front ( ! black wood5 h\ses1 crosses are plac$ 9 ! cattle pa/ures to w>d (f evil spirits1 ! folk cross !mselves if !y yawn1 le/ *ort1 ! devil jump 9 at _! m\?1 & ! drunk>d1 at ! tav]n door1 kneels & uncov]s z ! procession passes on its way1 may be to bless ! wat]s b n[ releas$ f ! w9t] grip ( ice1 or may be to leave "s neighb\r 9 ! communal gravey>d4 ,we notice1 too1 ! /]n logic ) :i* ! peasant !ologian foll[s up ! ideas ( 8 sect1 h[ he works out 8 own salvation along l9es :i* he himself lays d[n1 & 9 s do+ inv5ts "s new cre$ almo/ daily2 = a ,russian newspap] c h>dly ev] be tak5 up )\t see+ ! discov]y ( su* 9 "o corn] or o!r ( ! va/ ,empire4 ,t he has ! full c\rage ( 8 op9ions1 t he w suff] = consci5ce' sake--,russian (ficials only "k h[ bitt]ly--t he w lay d[n 8 life1 or--almo/ equal sacrifice = him--=sake 8 l& & izba1 & face ! future among ! wild native races :i* b\nd ,european ,ts>l& on its nor? & ea/--n s v long ago--he suff]$ ! kn\t & ! /ake r ?an recant "o iota ( :at he ?9ks to be ! only true r5d]+ ( ! ,biblical text1 all ?is mu/ 9 common fairness be all[$ to ! poor ,russian4 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,j4 ,,beav+ton ,,atk9son ,cron/adt1 ! /rong =tress :i* /opp$ ! advance ( ! ,engli% squadron 9 ! la/ ,russian w>1 is z ! wat]-gate ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,a bright ,july sun made no unpleas+ picture ( ! huge hulks ( ! m5-(-w>1 & ( ! _m-ma/$ m]*ant %ips :i* lay )9 ! h>b\r1 or beh9d ! =tifications4 ,pass+ ,cron/adt ! capital soon comes 9 sight2 ! wat] is s smoo? & %all[1 & ! banks are s l[1 t ,i 0 actually rem9d$ ( ! lagoons ( ,v5ice4 ,f> away 9 ! di/ance glitt]$ 9 ! sunlight cupola beyond cupola1 cov]$ ) burni%$ gold or sp>kl+ ) bright />s on a blue gr\nd4 ,! riv]1 /ret*+ wide z an e/u>y1 0 ?rong$ ) m]*&ise z ! ,tagus or ! ,?ames3 ya*ts 7 fly+ be=e ! w9d & /eam-tugs lab\r$ sl[ly aga9/ ! /ream1 dragg+ beh9d ! heavily-lad5 light]4 ,w>eh\ses & :>fs & timb]-y>ds n[ beg9 to l9e ei!r bank2 yet ! mat]ials = a sket*-book are scanty & un9vit+3 an arti/ :o1 l ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 has et*$ at ,batt]sea & ,blackwell1 w\ld f9d by comp>ison on ! ,neva ! =ms )\t "*1 ! surface )\t texture1 ! masses )\t light1 %ade1 or col\r4 ,z ! boat advances ! imp]ial city gr[s 9 scale & pomp4 ,! riv] view becomes impos+1 ! banks are l9$ on ei!r side by granite quays1 :i* = solidity1 /r5g?1 & area1 h no p>allel 9 ,europe4 ,b5ea? ! bridges ! unruly riv] ru%es1 be>+ along rafts & m]*&ise1 & 9 ! broad-laid /reets p hurry to & fro1 z if ! day 7 too %ort = ! press ( bus9ess3 only 9 great comm]cial capitals1 ! c5tres ( l>ge populations1 is life ?us rapid & ov]burd5$4 ,?r\gh\t ,russia g5]ally "t hangs heavily1 b "h at ! seat ( empire1 ! focus ( comm]ce1 life "u high pressure moves at full spe$4 ,i "k ( no ,european capital1 except+ p]haps ,london & ,vi5na1 :i* leaves on ! m9d s /rong an impression ( p[]1 weal?1 & o/5tation1 z ! city ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,possibly ! fir/ idea :i* may /rike ! /rang] on driv+ f ! /eam] to ! hotel1 is ! l>ge scale on :i* ! city has be5 plann$2 ! area ( squ>es & /reets seems proportion$ to ! va/ dim5sions ( ! ,russian empire3 inde$ ! sil5t solitudes ( ! city may be said to symbolize ! des]t tracks ( c5tral ,russia & ,sib]ia4 ,only on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica is s mu* l& at comm&1 s l>ge a sweep ( t]ritory br\ght )9 ! circuit ( city life4 ,9 ! old _w1 ,muni* (f]s ! close/ analogy to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & t n only by wide & half-occupi$ areas1 b by a c]ta9 pret5ti\s & pseudo-classic ar*itecture1 common to ! two cities alike3 ! design ( ! ,h]mitage 9 fact came f ,muni*4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 l ,muni* too1 has be5 =c$ into rapid gr[?2 inde$ :ile look+ at ! works rais$ by successive ,ts>s1 ,i 0 rem9d$ ( ! boa/ ( ,augu/us t he f\nd ,rome ( brick & left h] ( m>ble4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ?\gh sometimes decri$ z a city ( %ams1 is c]ta9ly n surpass$ 9 ! way ( %[ by any capital 9 ,europe4 ,z to natural situation %e may be said to be at once =tunate & infelicit\s3 ! flatness ( ! l& is n r$eem$ by f]tility1 ! monotony ( ! panorama is n brok5 by m\nta9s2 ! city rides z a raft ^u ! wat]s1 s heavily freight$ z to run ! risk ( s9k+4 ,& yet ,i "k ( no capital m impos+ :5 tak5 f ! /rong po9ts ( view4 ,almo/ beyond p>allel is ! array ( palaces & public build+s :i* meets ! travell]'s eye 9 a walk or sail f ! ,engli% quay up to ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,summ] ,palace4 ,! /ructures x is true t5d a little too mu* ( :at may be t]m$ buckram & fu/ian /yles2 inde$ !re is sc>cely a =m or a detail :i* an ar*itect w\ld c>e to jot d[n 9 8 note-book4 ,& yet ! g5]al effect is gr&3 a big riv] ru%+ ) l>ge volume ( wat] ?r\gh ! ar*es ( bridges1 along granite quays & be=e m>ble palaces1 is a noble & liv+ pres5ce 9 ! mid/ ( city life4 ,! wat]s ( ! great ,neva & ( ! little ,neva appe> z an omnipres5ce2 ! riv]s are 9 ! /reets1 & great build+s1 su* z ! ,admiralty1 ! ,=tress1 & ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 ride z at an*or on a swell+ flood4 ,! views f ! ?ree *ief bridges--,ni*olas ,bridge1 ,palace ,bridge1 & ,troitska ,bridge--are em95tly palatial & imp]ial4 ,! ,academy ( ,arts1 ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ,/4 ,isaac's ,ca!dral1 ! ,admiralty1 ! ,w9t] ,palace1 ! ,h]mitage1 & ! =tress & ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 give to ! /rang] an ov]p[]+ impression ( ! weal? & ! /r5g? ( ! empire4 ,! ,engli%man1 :ile /&+ on ^! bridges1 w naturally recall analog\s positions on ! riv] ,?ames2 su* comp>ison is n :olly to ! disadvantage ( ! nor!rn capital1 yet on ! banks ( ! ,neva rise no /ructures :i* 9 ar*itectural design equal ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,som]set ,h\se1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 & ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,inde$1 ) ! exception ( ! spire ( ! ,admiralty1 ,i did n f9d 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg a s+le new idea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg4 ,( ! fam\s ,nevski-,prospekt1 ! *ief /reet 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 x may be said z ( our ,london ,reg5t ,/reet1 t x c /& nei!r wea!r nor criticism4 ,z to /yle ( ar*itecture1 /rictly speak+ ! ,nevski-,prospekt has none3 ! build+s1 consi/+ ( %ops1 int]sp]s$ ) a few *ur*es & public edifices1 s mu* p>take ( ! mod]n & mongrel ,italian mann]1 t ! travell] might easily fancy himself 9 ,p>is1 ,brussels1 or ,tur94 ,few cities are s pret5ti\s 9 outside appe>ances z ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & yet ! %[ %e makes is t ( ! :it$ sepul*re3 false con/ruction & rott5ness ( mat]ial1 facades ( empty p>ade1 & pla/] :i* feigns to be /one1 con/itute an accumulative di%one/y :i* has few p>allels 9 ! hi/ory ( ar*itecture4 ,classic pill>s & porticos1 :i* h be5 ?ru/ 9 ev]y:]e on slighte/ pretext1 are (t5 built up ( brick cov]$ ) cem5t & col\r$ yell[4 ,columns1 "h ! common & con/ant exp$i5t1 are mo/ly mismanag$2 !y are z x 7 gratuit\s intrusions1 !y seem to be /uck on1 !y fail to compose ) ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,nei!r d ! ar*itects ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg und]/& m\ld+s or ! value ( %ad[1 !re is sc>cely a m\ld+ 9 ! city :i* ca/s a deep1 broad or delicate %ad[3 h5ce ! facades look flat & ?9 z if built ( c>ds4 ,9 ! same way ! details are poor & treat$ )\t k2 x ?us happ5s t conceptions bold & gr& are c>ri$ out incompletely4 ,! great mi/ake is t ! ar*itects h made no attempt to ga!r toge!r ! scatt]$ elem5ts ( a national /yle4 ,) ! notewor?y exception ( ! use ( f9e1 fanciful & fanta/ic domes1 (t5 gilt or brightly col\r$1 ! ar*itecture ( ,russian capitals is ei!r ,classic or ,r5aissance ( ! mo/ commonplace description4 ,i %all n ?9k x wor? :ile to dwell on ! v _m *ur*es :i* adorn ! nor!rn capital1 because1 ) few exceptions1 !re is no?+ 9 po9t ( art :i* m]its to be record$4 ,yet ,i c sc>cely refra9 f aga9 ref]r+ to ! f9e fantasy play$ by _m-col\r$ domes aga9/ ! blue sky4 ,! =ms are beautiful1 ! col\rs decorative4 ,! city 9 its sky outl9e pres5ts a succession ( /range pictures1 at "o po9t ! eye might seem to range across a g>d5 ( g\rds1 at o!r positions pe] above h\se-tops gr\ps :i* might be mi/ak5 = turban$ ,turks2 & :5 ! sun %9es vividly1 & ?r[s glitt]+ light on ! pat5s ( bright gold1 ov] ^! _m-dom$ *ur*es1 a /rang] might almo/ fancy t above ! city float$ fire balloons or bright-col\r$ lant]ns4 ,! l>ge cupola ( ,/4 ,isaac1 cov]$ ) copp] ov]laid ) gold1 has be5 said to burn on a bright day l ! sun :5 ris+ on a m\nta9 top4 ,i c nev] =get ! sight :5 ,i return$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg f ! mo/ brilliant civic & milit>y spectacle ,i ev] witness$1 ! fete ( ! ,empress at ,ts>skoe ,selo4 ,x 0 /ill d>k1 b be=e ,i rea*$ my hotel = ! %ort repose ( a night :i* already bright5$ into morn+1 e cupola on ! way 0 awak5+ into daylight2 ! sun1 hesitat+ = a mom5t on ! horizon1 ann\nc$ 8 com+ z by electric light on ! gold5 />s :i* %one on domes m blue ?an ! grey sky ( morn+4 ,9 ,mosc[ *ur* cupolas playa "p 9 ! city panorama /ill m conspicu\s ?an 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,isaac is ! mo/ co/ly & pret5ti\s ( ,russian *ur*es4 ,! noble edifice has ! advantage ( a comm&+ situation2 n1 x is true1 z to elevation--= t is impossible 9 a city set ?r\gh\t on a dead level--b ! surface area 9 its wide sweep+ circuit at all ev5ts contra/s /rik+ly ) t cribb$ & cab9$ *ur*-y>d ( ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,london1 :i* ! ,engli%man may h j left beh9d him4 ,yet ,/4 ,isaac's c sc>cely v5ture on comp>ison ) ,/4 ,paul's1 ?\gh ! /yle ( ! two build+s is simil>4 ,! great ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg has1 h[ev]1 ! advantage ( t conc5tration :i* belongs to ! ,greek z di/+ui%$ f ! ,lat9 ,cross1 a di/9ction :i* has always be5 to ! disadvantage ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome4 ,a cross ( f\r equal arms1 ) column$ porticos m\nt$ nobly on /eps at ! f\r extremities1 ! :ole composition cr[n$ by c5tral & surr\nd+ cupolas1 is assur$ly an impos+ conception1 ( :i* ! ,fr5* arti/ ,m4 ,montf]r& has kn[n h[ to make ! mo/4 ,i may "h1 by way ( p>5!sis1 rem>k t ! two works :i* d mo/ hon\r to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,isaac & ! adjac5t eque/rian /atue ( ,pet] ! ,great1 are sev]ally due n to ,russian b to ,fr5* arti/s4 ,?is is "o example among _m ( ! =eign orig9 ( ! arts 9 ,russia4 ,b at all ev5ts let x be admitt$ t ! mat]ials us$1 z well z ! ideas (t5 br\ght to be>1 are local or national4 ,= example1 ! gr&e/ ( all ar*itectural conceptions1 ! idea ( a dome1 is "h glorifi$ 9 true ,russian or ,ori5tal mann]1 n s mu* by magnitude ( proportion z by decorative spl5d\r1 height5$ to ! utmo/ by a surface ( burni%$ gold4 ,!n ! f\r porticos :i* t]m9ate ea* end ( ! ,greek cross ) /ately columns & entablatures ( granite f ,f9l&1 albeit 9 design m]e commonplace complications1 are :olly national 9 ! mat]ial us$4 ,i d n n[ /op to m5tion ! l>ge & bold reliefs 9 bronze1 :i* ?\gh ,fr5* 9 design 71 ,i believe1 ca/ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg3 inde$ "h1 z 9 ,muni*1 ! gov]nm5t makes t lib]al provision :i* only gov]nm5ts c make1 = noble b unremun]ative art4 ,! great dome is said to be su/a9$ by iron2 inde$ ! sci5ce ( con/ruction br\ght to be> is great1 yet aga9 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t :e!r ! mat]ial be iron1 bronze1 or /one1 ! art1 ! skill1 & ev5 ! comm]cial capital1 are n ,russian b =eign1 & (t5 ,engli%4 ,russian workm51 h[ev]1 are employ$ z me*anics or ma*9es1 p>tly because 9 copyism & me*anism ,russian artisans _c ?r\gh\t ,europe be surpass$4 ,:5 ,i got to ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,i c\ld sc>cely believe ! /atem5t to be true t ! ,engli% ,magaz9e & n any ,russian factory _h execut$ ! eight /up5d\s mala*ite pill>s )9 ! *ur*1 weigh+ ab\t #cd1jjj p\nds & co/+ ,l#b1ejj /]l+4 ,yet :ile ! organization might be ,engli%1 ! op]atives 7 ,russians4 ,! unsurpass$ mala*ite pill>s comb9e 9 ! gr& alt>-scre5 ) columns ( lapis-lazuli3 ! latt] are said to h co/ p] pair ,l#ab1jjj /]l+4 ,i ne$ sc>cely obs]ve t ?is p>ade ( preci\s metals p>takes m ( b>b>ic magnific5ce ?an ( arti/ic ta/e2 inde$ ^! columns ( mala*ite & lapis-lazuli1 :i* to ! eye pres5t !mselves z solid & hone/1 h be5 built up z incru/ations on holl[ ca/-iron tubes4 ,?us holl[ are ! mo/ preci\s arts ( ,russia4 ,ju/ice1 h[ev]1 dem&s t ,i %\ld speak h]eaft] 9 fair appreciation ( ! int]iors ( ,russian *ur*es1 :]e( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,isaac is among ! *ief4 ,nev]!less1 mat]ial r ?an m9d1 money r ?an art1 is ! gov]n+ p[]2 mala*ite1 lapis-lazuli1 gold1 & o!r preci\s sub/ances are heap$ toge!r pr(usely1 yet no ar*itect 9 ,europe ( ! slighte/ intellectual pret5sions1 w\ld c>e to look a second "t at ! con/ructive or decorative conceptions :i* ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg display4 ,/4 ,isaac's 9 fact is miracul\s only 9 its monoli?s4 ,i c\ld sc>cely believe my eyes :5 fir/ ,i /ood b5ea? ! /ately porticos & look$ f top to bottom ( ! v _m columns1 sev5 feet 9 diamet] & sixty feet high1 all poli%$ granite monoli?s f ,f9l&4 ,already ,i _h made ! ass]tion t !re 0 no?+ new 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg :5 ^! granite monoli?s at once compell$ a recantation4 ,! monoli?s 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg are s exceptional 9 numb] & (t5 s gigantic 9 dim5sion z to call = special m5tion4 ,! monoli? obelisks ( anci5t ,egypt are sc>cely m rem>kable4 ,9 addition to ! magnific5t columns1 ea* sixty feet high1 :i* su/a9 ! f\r porticos ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,isaac1 are fifty-six monoli?s1 also ( granite f ,f9l&1 ?irty-five feet high 9 ! ,kazan ,ca!dral2 likewise ! noble entrance-hall ( ! ,h]mitage is su/a9$ by sixte5 monoli?s1 & ! magnific5t room :i* receives ! treasures f ! ,cimm]ian ,bosphorus has ! support ( tw5ty monoli?s4 ,b ! greate/ s+le block ( mod]n times /&s 9 front ( ! ,w9t] ,palace1 z a monum5t to ,alex&] ,i4 ,! height is eighty-f\r feet1 & ! weight ne>ly f\r hundr$ tons4 ,! /ory goes t ! contractor 9 ,f9l&1 f9d+ t he _h exce$$ ! requir$ l5g?1 actually cut (f t5 or fifte5 feet4 ,! va/ granite qu>ries ( ,f9l& supply ! ,ts>s ) ^! /up5d\s columns1 j z ! granite qu>ries ( ,sy5e on ! ,nile furni%$ ! ,ph>aohs ) obelisks4 ,^! enorm\s masses are too heavy to be convey$ on :eels1 ! only practicable mode ( transit is on roll]s4 ,9 ?is way ea* ( ! sixty-feet columns = ,/4 ,isaac's 0 transport$ across c\ntry all ! way f ,f9l&4 ,ea* column repres5ts s incr$ible an am\nt ( lab\r z to make x evid5t t monoli?s are luxuries 9 :i* only emp]ors c indulge4 ,& ev5 :5 ^! heavy weights h rea*$ _! de/9ation ! difficulty next occurs h[ to secure a solid f\ndation4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 0 once a swamp1 & s rott5 is ! gr\nd t x w\ld be q possible = a monoli? to s9k out ( sight & nev] m be he>d (4 ,to provide aga9/ su* cont+5cies a =e/ ( piles 0 driv5 into ! e>? at ! co/ ( ,l#bjj1jjj z ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,isaac1 & yet ! ca!dral s9ks4 ,l causes r5d] ! roads ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg ! wor/ 9 ,europe2 w9t] fro/s1 :i* p5etrate sev]al feet bel[ ! surface1 seize on ! imprison$ wat]s & te> up ! /reets4 ,! surface ?us brok5 is s de/ructive to :eels t ,i h kn[n an ,engli%man1 :o1 ?\gh he kept f\r c>riages1 _h n "o 9 a condition to use4 ,! jolt+ on ! roads is s great z to make x wise = a travell] to hold on fa/1 & :5 a lady & g5tleman ride side by side1 x is usual = ! g5tleman to protect ! lady by ?r[+ 8 arm r\nd 8 companion's wai/4 ,?is delicate att5tion is s mu* ( a utilit>ian necessity z 9 no way to imply fur!r obligations4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg is consid]ably indebt$ to ! art ( sculpture3 public monum5ts adorn h] squ>es & g>d5s4 ,inde$ ! art ( sculpture has1 l ! si/] arts ( ar*itecture & pa9t+1 be5 =c$ into pret]natural proportions4 ,9 ! l>ge area )9 sight ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,isaac & ( ! ,admiralty1 /&s conspicu\sly "o ( ! few successful eque/rian /atues 9 mod]n or anci5t times1 ! colossal bronze to ,pet] ! ,great4 ,! huge block ( granite1 :i* is said to weigh upw>ds ( #ae1jjj tons1 0 convey$ f a m>%1 f\r miles di/ance f ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 by means ( ropes1 pulleys1 & w9dlasses1 work$ by m5 & horses4 ,a drumm] /ation$ on ! rock itself gave ! signal = onw>d movem5t4 ,x w\ld seem t ! me?ods us$ 9 ,russia to ?is day = transport+ granite monoli?s1 are curi\sly simil> to ! appliances ( ! anci5t ,egyptians = mov+ l masses4 ,9 po9t ( art ?is eque/rian /atue1 ?\gh gr& 9 conception1 is1 aft] ! ta/e ( b>b>\s nations1 colossal 9 size4 ,pet] ! ,great is elev5 feet 9 /ature1 ! horse is sev5te5 feet high4 ,! nobility lies 9 ! action1 ! horse re>s on 8 h9d legs aft] ! fav\rite mann] ( ,velasquez 9 well-kn[n eque/rian portraits ( ,f]d9& ,,iv4 ,! attitude assum$ by ! great ,emp]or is triumphant1 ! fi]y /e$ has da%$ up ! rock & pauses z 9 mid-air on ! br9k ( ! precipice4 ,! idea is t ,pet] ! ,great surveys f ! height ! capital ( 8 creation1 z x may be suppos$ to rise f ! wat]s4 ,8 h& is /ret*$ =? = ! protection ( ! city4 ,?is "w1 l _m o!r pr\d a*ievem5ts 9 ! empire1 un=tunately is n ,russian4 ,! design is due to ! ,fr5*man ,falconet2 ,m>ie ,callot is said to h modell$ ! head1 & ! ca/+ 0 done by ,m>telli1 an ,italian4 ,falconet1 9 ord] to be true to ! life1 c>efully /udi$ aga9 & aga9 a f9e ,arab horse1 m\nt$ by a ,russian g5]al :o 0 fam\s z a rid]2 ! g5]al day by day made a ru% up a m\nd1 artificially con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 & :5 j %ort ( ! precipice ! horse 0 re9$ 9 & ?r[n on its h9d legs4 ,! arti/ wat*$ ! action & made 8 /udies2 ! "w accord+ly has nature1 movem5t1 vig\r4 ,i may "h m5tion t ,i h n[h]e f\nd su* l>ge masses ( /one convey$ f place to place z "h 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,x is true ,i h se5 m>ble fre% f ! m\nta9s ( ,c>r>a tugg$ along by teams ( bullocks1 b ,i h n[h]e witness$ s mu* p[] br\ght to be> z 9 ! transit ( ! granite us$ 9 ! imm5se memorial to ! ,empress ,ca!r9e4 ,! art collections 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg may give ! travell] pleasant occupation = sev]al weeks2 inde$ if ! t\ri/ be an art /ud5t he w f9d "w = mon?s4 ,! ,w9t] ,palace1 adjo9+ ! ,h]mitage1 on ! ,neva1 is l ! palace at ,v]sailles1 conspicu\s = rooms or gall]ies commemorative ( milit>y exploits4 ,"h are well-pa9t$ battle-pieces by ,willewalde & ,kotzbue1 also naval engagem5ts by ,aivasovsky1 highly col\r$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,likewise are hung ! be/ battle-pieces ,i h ev] se51 by ,pet] ,hess1 ! r5[n$ ,bav>ian pa9t]1 :o appe>s to less cr$it 9 ,muni* ?an 9 ! ,w9t] ,palace1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,also may be not$ ! portrait ( ,alex&] ,i4 by ,dawe1 ! ,engli%man1 :o work$ mu* 9 ,russia4 ,"h likewise is ! imp]ial gall]y ( portraits ( all ! sov]eigns ( ! reign+ ,russian h\se4 ,i pass ov] ^! multitud9\s works ?us briefly1 because1 ?\gh ! collection is ( importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! empire1 x has little value 9 art4 ,! ,cr[n ,jewels ,i %all n attempt to describe2 no description ( jewels c be wor? mu*4 ,i may v5ture to say1 h[ev]1 t aft] see+ all ! royal jewell]y 9 ,europe1 ,i f\nd ^! ,russian cr[ns1 sceptres1 etc41 ri*] 9 diamonds ?an any o!r4 ,also pe>ls1 rubies1 ,sib]ian aqua-m>9es1 etc41 add col\r & spl5d\r to ! imp]ial treasure4 ,! comp>ison on ! spot1 :i* ,i n unnaturally in/itut$1 0 ) ! imp]ial treasury at ,vi5na4 ,next1 a ^w may be giv5 to ! room 9 :i* ! pr\d1 /]n1 & unrel5t+ ,ni*olas di$1 :]e all is kept intact z he left x4 ,i h seldom be5 m impress$ ?an ) ?is small1 simple1 & almo/ p5uri\s ap>tm5t1 s /rik+ 9 contra/ ) ! spl5d\r ( ! re/ ( ! palace4 ,sil5ce1 solitude1 & solemnity all ! m atta* to ! spot f ! /atem5t to :i* cr$5ce is giv5 t ! great emp]or1 on le>n+ ( ! rev]ses 9 ! ,crimea1 "h committ$ suicide4 ,9 o!r words1 x is said t he direct$ 8 physician to prep>e a m$ic9e :i* aft] hav+ tak5 he di$4 ,! sword1 helmet1 & grey milit>y cloak are :]e he laid !m4 ,"h lies a hi/oric trag$y :i* rema9s to be pa9t$2 "o ( ! mo/ dramatic pictorial sc5es 9 ,europe1 ! dea? ( ,wall5/e9 9 ,s*ill]'s drama1 pa9t$ by ,pr(essor ,piloty & n[ 9 ! new ,p9ako!k1 ,muni*1 might 9 ! dea? ( ! great ,ni*olas f9d a p>allel4 ,! emp]or lies buri$ ) all ! sov]eigns ( ,russia s9ce ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 9 ! ca!dral =tress ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul4 ,no?+ 9 ,europe is gr&] 9 ! simplicity & sil5ce :i* befit a sepul*re--n ev5 ! imp]ial tombs 9 ,vi5na--?an ?is /ately mausoleum ( ! ,ts>s4 ,! ,emp]or ,ni*olas lies opposite to ,pet] ! ,great4 ,9 ! ,h]mitage1 or r 9 ! ,w9t] ,palace1 is a gall]y illu/rative ( ! life & lab\rs ( ,pet] ! ,great4 ,! collection1 besides turn+-la!s & o!r in/rum5ts ) :i* ! mon>* work$1 conta9s curiosities1 knickknacks1 z well z "s works ( real art value3 ! connect+ po9t ( ! :ole collection is 9 ,pet] himself4 ,an analog\s collection 0 "s ye>s ago op5$ 9 ! ,l\vre z ! ,museum ( ,napoleon ,i4 ,dyna/ies all ! _w ov] ?us seek to p]petuate _! memories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h]mitage1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg4 ,! ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts is a noble in/itution1 impos+ 9 its ar*itecture1 & ri*ly end[$4 ,! ,corps des ,m9es mu/ also be visit$1 ! collection ( m9]als proves ! amaz+ ri*es ( ,european & ,asiatic ,russia4 ,i wi% ,i _h k & space to describe ?is unexampl$ collection1 :i* ?\gh n fall+ )9 my art prov9ce has direct art relations4 ,no?+ beaute\s or wondr\s 9 nature lies beyond ! sph]e ( art2 ! =ms ( cry/als1 ! col\rs ( preci\s /ones are specially objects ( delight to ! arti/'s eye4 ,! ,imp]ial ,public ,libr>y is "o ( ! ri*e/ libr>ies 9 ,europe2 its lit]>y treasures c h>dly be ov]rat$2 ,i regret t ,i _c ent] into its cont5ts4 ,private collections1 ?\gh sc>cely num]\s1 are *oice2 ! celebrat$ ,leu*t5b]g ,gall]y1 =m]ly 9 ,muni*1 is ! ri*e/4 ,! royal resid5ces ( ,pet]h( & ,ts>%oe ,selo ,i also f\nd to conta9 mu* 9 ! way ( art1 & yet sc>cely ( suffici5t importance to ne$ special description4 ,! ,imp]ial ,h]mitage alone repays a j\rney to ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 = a :ole =tnight ,i visit$ almo/ e day ! picture & sculpture gall]ies ( ?is va/ & ri* museum1 & 9 ! end ,i left ) ! feel+ t ,i _h done b inadequate ju/ice to ^! valuable & exhau/-less collections4 ,i am tol]ably well acqua9t$ ) ! great museums 9 ! s\? & we/ ( ,europe1 & ,i 0 int]e/$ to f9d t ! ,h]mitage does n suff] by comp>ison ) ! ,vatican1 ! ,museum ( ,naples1 ! ,gall]ies ( ,flor5ce1 ! ,l\vre 9 ,p>is1 or ! ,great ,picture ,gall]y 9 ,madrid4 ,9 "s dep>tm5ts1 inde$1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg has ! advantage ov] o!r capitals2 ! collection ( gold ornam5ts f ,k]t* is n surpass$ by ! gold "w 9 ! ,etruscan room ( ! ,vatican2 ! co9s are n inf]ior to ! numismatic collections 9 ,p>is1 or 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ! ,dut* pictures are n to be equall$ save 9 ,holl& or 9 ,dresd52 ! ,spani% s*ool has no competitor save 9 ,madrid & ,seville2 ! portraits by ,v&yck1 & ! sket*es by ,rub5s1 are only surpass$ 9 ,engl& & ,bav>ia4 ,x is ?us obvi\s t ! collective /r5g? ( ! assembl$ collections1 is v great4 ,! picture gall]ies conta9 m ?an #a1ejj works2 ! numb] ( draw+s is upw>ds ( #ejj1 ! co9s & m$als am\nt to #bjj1jjj1 ! pa9t$ vases are above #a1gjj1 ! anci5t m>bles numb] #cfa1 & ! collection ( gems is "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,! ,h]mitage has be5 enri*$ p>tly to ! prejudice ( o!r cities or palaces4 ,f ! ,tauris ,palace came classic sculpture4 ,ts>%oe ,selo also furni%$ contributions4 ,! policy has be5 to make "o a/\nd+ museum1 :i* %all repres5t n a capital b an empire1 & /& be=e ! _w z ! expon5t ( ! weal?1 ! res\rce1 & ! ref9$ ta/e ( ! nation & its rul]s4 ,,f9l& ,,h>ry ,,de ,,w9dt ,:at sort ( a place is ,f9l&8 ask$ a fri5d :om ,i met1 on my return f t c\ntry1 9 ,london4 ,v mu* ! same z ,lapl&1 ,i suppose8 ,sn[1 sleighs1 & be>s1 & all t k9d ( ?+8 ,my fri5d 0 n s+ul> 9 8 idea1 = !y are probably ^? ( mo/ p 9 ,engl&4 ,at pres5t ,f9l& is a t]ra incognita1 ?\gh =tunately n likely to rema9 "o4 ,nev]!less1 x w probably take ye>s to eradicate a notion t "o ( ! mo/ attractive & advanc$ c\ntries 9 ,europe1 possess$ 9 summ] ( ! f9e/ climate 9 ! _w1 is n ! et]nal abode ( pov]ty1 cold1 & d>kness4 ,x 0 j ! same be=e ! railway op5$ up ,sib]ia & reveal$ prosp]\s cities1 f]tile pla9s1 & b\ndless m9]al res\rces to an a/oni%$ _w4 ,a decade ago my return f ?is l& ( civilization1 progress1 &1 above all1 humanity 0 inv>iably met by ! k9d ( "q t heads ?is *apt]1 ) ! addition1 z a rule1 ( faceti\s allusions to torture & ! kn\t6 ,my ignorance1 h[ev]1 ( ,f9l& z %e really is 0 probably unsurpass$ be=e my eyes 7 op5$ by a p]sonal inspection1 s ,i _c af=d to criticise4 ,:at is ,f9l&1 & :at are its geographical & climatic *>act]i/ics8 ,i w try to answ] ^! que/ions briefly & cle>ly )\t we>y+ ! read] ) /ati/ics4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,f9l& 79 ,f9ni%1 ,suomi7 is ab\t ! size ( ,great ,brita91 ,holl&1 & ,belgium comb9$1 ) a population ( ab\t #b1ejj1jjj4 ,its s\!rn & we/]n %ores are wa%$ by ! ,baltic ,sea1 :ile ,lake ,ladoga & ! ,russian fronti] =m ! ea/]n b\nd>y4 ,f9l& /ret*es nor?w>d f> beyond ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia1 :]e x jo9s ,norwegian t]ritory4 ,!re are ?irty-sev5 t[ns1 ( :i* only sev5 h a population exce$+ #aj1jjj1 viz41 ,hels+=s1 ,abo1 ,tamm]=s1 ,viborg1 ,uleaborg1 ,vasa 7,nikolai/ad71 & ,bjorneborg4 ,f9l& is ess5tially a flat c\ntry1 slightly m\nta9\s t[>ds ! nor?1 b ev5 h] highe/ peak 7,haldesjock1 9 ,f9ni% ,lapl&7 is "u #d1jjj feet 9 height4 ,s\? ( ?is a hill ( #cjj feet is call$ a m\nta92 !re=e ,alp9e climb]s h no bus9ess "h4 ,! int]ior may be describ$ z an undulat+ plateau l>gely compos$ ( swamp & =e/1 brok5 ) granite rocks & gravel ridges & honeycomb$ ) ! inl& wat]s kn[n z ,! ,?\s& ,lakes 7al?\gh t5 ?\s& w\ld be ne>] ! m>k71 "o ( :i* is ?ree times ! size ( ! ,lake ( ,g5eva4 ,! riv]s are small & unimportant1 ! l>ge/ be+ only ab\t ! size ( ! ,se9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! num]\s falls & rapids on ev5 ! smalle/ /reams r5d] _! asc5t 9 boats extremely difficult & (t5 impossible4 ,b lakes & canals are ! natural highways ( ! c\ntry2 riv]s are only utiliz$ z a motive p[] = electricity1 manufactories1 & = convey+ millions ( logs ( timb] ye>ly f ! inl& =e/s to ! sea4 ,a curi\s fact is t1 al?\gh _m p>ts ( ! int]ior are f> bel[ ! level ( ! ,baltic1 ! latt] is gradually b surely rec$+ f ! coa/1 & _m hi!rto subm]g$ islets (f ! latt] h be5 left high & dry by ! waves4 ,y may n[ 9 places walk f "o isl& to ano!r on dry l&1 :i*1 fifty ye>s ago1 0 _m fa?oms "u wat]1 :ile signs ( primitive navigation are con/antly be+ discov]$ z f> z tw5ty miles inl&6 ,x is !re=e probable t ! millions ( isl&s :i* n[ fr+e ^! %ores1 =m$1 at "s remote p]iod1 "o cont9u\s /rip ( l&4 ,h[ vessels ev] f9d _! way1 say f ,hangoe to ,ny/ad1 is a my/]y to ! un9itiat$ l&sman4 ,at a c]ta9 place !re are no less ?an #cjj isl&s ( v>i\s sizes cr[d$ into an area ( six squ>e miles6 ,heav5 pres]ve ! man :o f9ds himself !re1 9 ?ick wea!r1 ) a skipp] :o does n q "k ! ropes6 ,! prov9ces ( :i* ! ,gr& ,du*y is compos$ are z foll[s1 runn+ f nor? to s\?3 7#a7 ,f9ni% ,lapl&1 7#b7 ,o/robo?nia1 7#c7 ,satakunta1 7#d7 ,tava/l&1 7#e7 ,savolax1 7#f7 ,k>elia1 7#g7 ,f9l& prop]1 7#h7 ,nyl&1 & 7#i7 ! ,al& ,isl&s4 ,f9ni% ,lapl& may be dismiss$ )\t comm5t1 = x is a wild1 b>r5 region1 sp>sely populat$ by nomad tribes1 & dur+ ! summ] is practically impassable on acc\nt ( its d5se =e/s1 pa?less swamps1 & mosquitoes ( unusual size & f]ocity4 ,9 w9t]-"t j\rneys c be made quickly & pleasantly 9 sl$ges drawn by re9de]1 b at o!r times ! c\ntry mu/ be cross$ 9 cranky canoes by means ( a network ( lakes & riv]s2 & ! travell+ is ab\t z t\gh z monotony1 %ort rations1 & dirt c make x4 ,i am told t gold has lately be5 discov]$ !re1 b x w\ld ne$ a consid]able am\nt ( ! preci\s metal to tempt me into ,f9ni% ,lapl& 9 summ]-"t4 ,o/robo?nia1 :i* lies imm$iately s\? ( ?is undesirable di/rict1 conta9s ! t[ns ( ,tornea & ,uleaborg4 ,we w pass on to ! prov9ces ( ,c5tral ,f9l&1 viz41 ,tava/l&1 ,savolax1 & ,k>elia4 ,! ,f9ns say t ?is is ! he>t ( _! c\ntry1 :ile ,hels+=s & ,tamm]=s con/itute its bra9s4 ,s cr[d$ & complicat$ is ! lake sy/em 9 ?is "p ( ,f9l& t wat] almo/ ov]:elms dry l&1 & ! di/rict has be5 lik5$ to "o huge ar*ipelago4 ,=e/s ab\nd1 especially 9 ,tava/l&1 :5ce timb] is export$ 9 l>ge quantities1 :ile agriculture fl\ri%es 9 all ^! prov9ces4 ,crops are g5]ally gr[n 9 ! valleys1 :ile 9 o!r p>ts ! sides & summits ( ! hills are usually select$ = cultivation4 ,l>ge tracts ( c\ntry ab\t "h once laid out = arable are n[ conv]t$ into graz+ gr\nds1 = ! numb] ( cattle is ye>ly on ! increase4 ,dairy-f>m+ is f\nd to be m pr(itable & less risky ?an ! rais+ ( :eat & b>ley 9 a l& :]e "o night ( fro/ sometimes de/roys ! result ( a :ole ye>'s pati5t c>e & lab\r4 ,! l& is cle>$ = cultivation by fell+ & burn+1 & x is !n pl\gh$ 9 primitive fa%ion & s[n1 b only "o h>ve/ is g5]ally ga!r$ on "o spot4 ,! latt] is !n des]t$1 & ! foll[+ ye> ano!r pat* ( virg9 soil takes its place4 ,!re is ?us a good deal ( wa/e1 n only 9 l&1 b also 9 trees1 :i* are wantonly cut d[n = any trifl+ purpose1 reg>dless ( _! value or ! possible sc>city 9 ! future ( timb]4 ,accid5tal =e/ fires also "w sad havoc at times1 de/roy+ ?\s&s ( p\nds' wor? ( timb] 9 a few h\rs4 ,p9e res9 burns almo/ z fi]cely z petroleum1 & x sometimes takes days to ext+ui% a conflagration4 ,_m ( ! poor] p 9 ! c5tral prov9ces live solely by fi%+ 9 ! lakes teem+ ) salmon1 :i* f9d a ready m>ket bo? salt$ & fre%4 ,!re is pl5ty ( r\gh %oot+ to be _h = ! ask+1 b no wild animals ( any size4 ,9 ! f> nor? be>s are /ill num]\s1 & elk 7 =m]ly obta9able4 ,a few ( ! latt] /ill exi/ 9 ! wild] p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b x is n[ =bidd5 to kill !m4 ,"s ye>s ago ! =e/s ( ,tava/l& 7 infe/$ ) wolves1 & dur+ "o fatal season a l>ge numb] ( cattle & ev5 "s *ildr5 7 dev\r$1 b a battue organiz$ by ! peasantry cle>$ ! brutes out ( ! c\ntry4 ,y may n[ %oot h>es "h1 & any numb] ( wild f[l1 b t is ab\t all4 ,! rema9d] ( ,f9l& consi/s ( ,f9l& prop] & ,nyl& on ! s\? & s\?-we/]n coa/s1 & z ^! comprise n only ! capital1 b also ! l>ge t[ns ( ,abo & ,viborg1 !y may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ important1 politically1 comm]cially1 & socially1 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"h lakes are /ill num]\s1 b insignificant 9 size comp>$ ) ^? ( ! int]ior4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! vegetation is ri*]1 = ! oak1 lime1 & hazel d well1 & ! flora1 bo? wild & cultivat$1 is mu* m ext5sive ?an 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn di/ricts4 ,sev]al k9ds ( fruit are gr[n1 & ,nyl& apples are fam\s = _! flav\r1 :ile v fair pe>s1 plums1 & *]ries c be b\ght *eaply 9 ! m>kets4 ,currants & gooseb]ries are1 h[ev]1 s\r & ta/eless4 ,9 ^! s\!rn di/ricts ! culture ( c]eals has rea*$ a p]fection unkn[n fur!r nor?1 = ! f>ms are usually v ext5sive1 ! f>m]s up to date1 & /eam implem5ts 9 g5]al use4 ,dairy-f>m+ is also c>ri$ on ) excell5t results & ye>ly increas+ prosp]ity4 ,among/ ! t[ns1 ,bjorneborg1 ,ny/ad1 ,hangoe1 & ,kotka w 9 a few ye>s rival ! capital 9 size & comm]cial importance4 ,! la/ on ! li/ is ! ,al& ar*ipelago1 :i* consi/s ( "o isl& ( consid]able size surr\nd$ by innum]able small] ones1 & situat$ ab\t fifty miles (f ! s\?-we/]n coa/ ( ,f9l&4 ,"h1 oddly en\gh1 ,nature has be5 k9d] ?an almo/ any:]e on ! ma9l&1 = al?\gh ! great] "p ( ! isl& is wild & =e/-clad1 ! et]nal p9es & silv] bir*-trees are bl5d$ ) ! oak1 a% & maple1 & bright blossoms su* z may & haw?orn relieve to a great ext5t ! monoton\s gre5 foliage ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,t ! ,al&] has mu* ( ! ,sw$e 9 8 composition is %[n by ! neatness ( 8 dwell+s & cleanly mode ( life4 ,he is an amphibi\s creature1 half m>9]1 half yeoman1 a sob]1 ?rifty individual1 :o sp5ds half ( 8 "t at ! pl\gh-tail & ! o!r half at ! helm4 ,fi%+ = a k9d ( small h]r+ call$ /roemm+ is p]haps ! mo/ important indu/ry1 & a lucrative "o1 = ?is fi% 7salt$7 is s5t all ov] ! c\ntry & ev5 to ,russia prop]4 ,f>m+ is a comp>atively rec5t innovation1 = ! ,al&]s are born m5 ( ! sea1 & 7 once reckon$ ! f9e/ sailors 9 ,f9l&4 ,less ?an a c5tury ago ,al& h>b\r$ a f9e fleet ( sail+-%ips own$ by syndicates =m$ among/ ! peasantry1 & engag$ 9 a pr(itable trade ) ,great ,brita9 & ,d5m>k4 ,b /eam]s h knock$ all ?is ^u ! head1 & ! comm]cial future ( ! isl&s w\ld n[ seem to dep5d *iefly ^u ! fi%+ & agricultural indu/ries4 ,! population ( ^! ,isl&s is "u #be1jjj1 ( :i* ! small t[n ( ,m>iehamm1 ! s-call$ capital1 conta9s ab\t #gjj s\ls4 ,/eam]s t\* "h1 s t !re is no difficulty 9 rea*+ ! place1 :i* is c]ta9ly wor? a visit n only = its antiquity 7! ,al&s 7 inhabit$ long be=e ! ma9l&71 b on acc\nt ( ! int]e/+ ru9s x conta9s--among/ !m ! ,ca/le ( ,ca/elholm1 built by ,birg] ,j>l 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury1 & ! "t-worn walls ( :i* c\ld tell an int]e/+ hi/ory4 ,a "p ( ! fam\s =tress ( ,bom>sund1 de/roy$ by an ,anglo-,fr5* fleet 9 #ahed1 may also be se5 n f> f ,m>iehamm4 ,pla9 b dec5t f>e may be obta9$ "h1 b ! fa/idi\s w d well to avoid ! small] villages1 :]e ! ,al&]'s diet g5]ally consi/s solely ( seal-meat1 salt fi%1 bread & milk4 ,a delicacy eat5 ) gu/o by ^! p is compos$ ( seal-oil & ! entrails ( sea-birds1 & is almo/ id5tical ) "o ,i saw among/ ! ,t*ukt*is on ,b]+ ,/raits4 ,& yet ! ,al&]s are cleanly en\gh 9 _! habits & ! smalle/ village has its ba?-h\se4 ,at "o "t ,al& 0 fam\s = sport1 & 9 old5 days ,sw$i% sov]eigns visit$ ! isl& to hunt ! elk1 :i* 7 !n num]\s4 ,b ^! & mo/ o!r wild animals are n[ ext9ct & ev5 wild f[l are sc>ce4 ,only "o animal appe>s to ?rive1--! h$gehog2 b ! natives d n appe> to h discov]$ its edible qualities4 ,an ,engli% tramp c\ld enlight5 !m on ?is po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hels+=s1 ,,f9l& ,! entire population ( ,f9l& am\nts to r ov] #b1ejj1jjj1 includ+ a consid]able numb] ( ,sw$es1 :o are f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,al& ,isl&s1 ,nyl&1 & ,f9l& prop]4 ,hels+=s1 ! capital1 conta9s ov] #hj1jjj s\ls1 & ,kemi1 ! smalle/ t[n1 ne> ! nor!rn fronti]1 "u #djj4 ,( ! o!r cities1 ,abo has #cj1jjj1 ,tamm]=s1 #be1jjj1 & ,viborg1 #bj1jjj inhabitants4 ,i %\ld add t !re is probably no c\ntry 9 creation :]e ! population has s /eadily increas$1 not)/&+ adv]se conditions1 z ,f9l&4 ,aft] ! ,russian campaign ( #agba ! c\ntry conta9$ b>ely #bej1jjj s\ls1 & yet1 al?\gh cont9ually h>ass$ by w> & its att5dant evils1 ^! _h increas$ ?irty ye>s lat] to #eee1jjj4 ,fifty ye>s ago ! ,f9ns numb]$ #a1ejj1jjj1 & ! late/ c5sus %[s ne>ly d\ble ^! figures1 al?\gh 9 #ahfh pe/il5ce & fam9e swept (f ov] #ajj1jjj victims4 ,! languages spok5 9 ! ,gr& ,du*y are ,f9ni% & ,sw$i%1 ! =m] be+ us$ by at lea/ eighty-five p] c5t4 ( ! population4 ,russian-speak+ inhabitants numb] ab\t #e1jjj1 :ile ! ,lapps am\nt to #a1jjj only1 o!r nationalities to "u #c1jjj4 ,al?\gh ,sw$i% is l>gely spok5 9 ! t[ns1 ,f9ni% only is he>d1 z a rule1 9 ! rural di/ricts4 ,!re is sc>cely any nobility 9 ! c\ntry1 if we except titl$ ,sw$i% settl]s4 ,mo/ ,f9ns belong to ! middle class ( life1 ) ! exception ( a few families ennobl$ 9 #ahji by ! ,ts> ( ,russia on 8 accession z ,gr& ,duke ( ,f9l&4 ,! l[] ord]s are g5]ally quiet & res]v$ 9 _! demean\r1 ev5 on fe/ive public occasions1 & make peaceable1 law-abid+ citiz5s4 ',arry is an unkn[n quantity "h1 & ',arriet does n exi/4 ,a /rang] w ev]y:]e meet ) /udi$ polit5ess 9 t[n & c\ntry4 ,drive along a c\ntry road1 & e peasant w raise 8 hat to y1 n def]5tially1 b ) ! quiet dignity ( an equal4 ,! high /&>d ( education1 almo/ legally exact$ f ! l[e/ classes 9 ,f9l&1 is unusually high1 = ! mo/ illit]ate pl\gh boy may n m>ry ! girl ( 8 *oice until he c read ! ,bible f end to end to ! satisfaction ( 8 pa/or1 & ! same rule applies to ! fair sex4 ,! climate ( ,f9l& is by no means s sev]e z is g5]ally imag9$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no c\ntry ( a simil> latitude1 ) ! exception ( ,sw$51 enjoys ! same immunity f int5se cold4 ,?is is ow+ to ! ,gulf ,/ream1 :i* also imp>ts its g5ial influ5ce to ,sc&9avia4 ,9 summ] ! heat is nev] excessive1 ! ra9fall is insignificant1 & ?und]/orms are r>e4 ,july is ! w>me/1 & ,janu>y ! colde/ mon?1 b ! mean temp]ature ( ,hels+=s 9 mid-w9t] has nev] fall5 bel[ t ( ,a/rakhan1 on ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! wea!r is1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly *angeable1 & ev5 9 summ] ! !rmomet] (t5 rises or falls _m degrees 9 ! space ( a few h\rs4 ,y may sit d[n to d9n] 9 ! op5 air 9 ,hels+=s 9 y\r %irt-sleeves1 & be=e c(fee is s]v$ be s5d+ home = a fur coat4 ,b ?is is an unusual occurr5ce1 = a summ] 9 ,f9l& has be5 my mo/ agreeable climatic exp]i5ce 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,! w9t] is unque/ionably h>d1 & la/s ab\t six mon?s1 f ,novemb] till ! middle ( ,april4 ,at ,*ri/mas "t ! sun is only visible = six h\rs a day4 ,! entire surface ( ! c\ntry1 l&1 lake1 & riv]1 !n =ms "o va/ & froz5 surface ( sn[1 :i* may be trav]s$ by means ( sl$ge1 sn[%oes1 or ski4 ,a good man on ! la/-nam$ w easily cov] 8 sev5 miles an h\r4 ,al?\gh t\ri/s g5]ally affect ?is c\ntry 9 ! op5 season1 a true ,f9l&] loves ! w9t] mon?s z mu* z he dislikes ! summ]4 ,9 8 eyes bor$om1 heat1 & mosquitoes are a poor ex*ange = m]ry picnics on ski1 skat+ conte/s1 & sl$ge exp$itions by />light ) pretty wom5 & gay companions1 to say no?+ ( ! nightly balls & !atre & supp] p>ties4 ,hels+=s is clos$ to navigation f ,novemb] until ,june1 = ! sea =ms an icy b>ri] ar\nd ! coa/ ( ,f9l&1 n[ no long] imp5etrable1 ?anks to ! ice-break]s at ,hangoe4 ,9 ! nor? ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia is froz5 = ev5 long]4 ,t[>ds ,april w9t] %[s signs ( dep>ture4 ,by ! middle ( ,may ice & sn[ h almo/ disappe>$1 except 9 ! nor?1 :]e ,uleaborg is1 climatically1 q ?ree weeks beh9d any ( ! s\!rn t[ns4 ,be=e ! beg9n+ ( ,june v]dure & foliage h reappe>$ 9 all _! luxuriance1 & birds & fl[]s once m gladd5 field & =e/ ) p]fume & song4 ,ev5 n[ an occasional %[] ( sleet bespr9kles ! l&1 only to melt 9 a few m9utes1 & leave x fre%] & gre5] ?an be=e4 ,may & ,june are1 p]haps1 ! be/ mon?s1 = ,july & ,augu/ are sometimes too w>m to be pleasant4 ,octob] & ,novemb] are gloomy & depress+4 ,nev] visit ,f9l& 9 ! late autumn1 = ! wea!r is !n g5]ally dull & ov]ca/1 :ile cold1 raw w9ds1 mi/ & sleet1 are n ! exception4 ,midw9t] & midsumm] are ! mo/ fav\rable seasons1 :i* (f] widely diff]5t b equally fav\rable conditions = ! com=t & amusem5t ( ! travell]4 ,&1 if possible1 *oose ! =m]1 if only = "o reason4 ,no "o :o has ev] witness$ ! une>?ly beauty ( a summ] night 9 ,f9l& is likely to =get x4 ,! ,arctic ,circle %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be cross$ to witness ! midnight sun 9 all its glory1 b ,i d\bt if ! quiet crepuscule 7,i c ?9k ( no o!r ^w7 ( ! twilit h\rs ( d>kness is n ev5 m weird & fasc9at+ view$ f amid sil5t /reets & build+s ?an f ! sull5 dre>9ess ( an ,arctic des]t1 :i* is g5]ally 79 summ]7 z drab & z flat z a biscuit4 ,9 ,arctic ,lapl&1 :]e = two mon?s ! sun nev] s9ks bel[ ! horizon1 y may read small pr9t )\t difficulty ?r\gh\t ! night betwe5 ,june & ,augu/4 ,?is w\ld be impossible 9 ,hels+=s1 :]e nev]!less f sunset till dawn x is nev] q d>k4 ,9 ! f> nor? ! midnight sun af=ds a r g>i% light2 d[n s\? x %$s grey b lum9\s rays1 s fa9t t !y ca/ no %ad[s1 b imp>t a weird & my/]i\s grace to ! mo/ commonplace surr\nd+s4 ,no arti/ has yet successfully portray$ ! indescribable *>m & novelty ( a summ] night "u ^! conditions1 &1 9 all probability1 no arti/ ev] w6 ,8 ,maje/y ! ,ts>'s manife/o has n z yet 7outw>dly1 at any rate7 ,russianiz$ ! capital ( ,f9l&4 ,x w probably take c5turies to d t1 = ,f9l&1 l ,france1 has an individuality :i* ! comb9$ ,p[]s ( ,europe w\ld be puzzl$ to suppress4 ,a /rang] arriv+ at ! railway /ation ( ,hels+=s1 = in/ance1 may readily imag9e himself 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 or ev5 ,switz]l&1 b c]ta9ly n )9 a ?\s& miles ( ,pet]sburg4 ,ev]y?+ is s diff]5t1 f ! dapp] /ationma/] ) gold-lac$ cap ( ,g]man build d[n to ! port]s 9 clean :ite l95 bl\ses1 :i* pleasantly contra/ ) ! malodor\s %eepsk9s ( unwa%$ ,russia4 ,at ,hels+=s !re is no?+1 save ! soldi]y1 to rem9d "o ( ! proximity ( ,ts>l&4 ,& out 9 ! c\ntry x is ! same4 ,! l9e f ,mikkeli trav]ses a fair & prosp]\s di/rict1 z unlike ! monoton\s sc5]y ov] ! bord] z ! prov]bial dock & daisy4 ,"h are no squalid hovels & ro(less %$s :]e half-/>v$ cattle %>e ! mis]y ( _! own]s2 no rott+ crops & nak$ pa/ures2 b snug home/ead1 fl[] g>d5s1 & neat wood5 f5ces encircl+ fields ( gold5 gra9 & ri* gre5 mead[ l&4 ,to travel 9 ,s\!rn ,f9l& aft] ,nor!rn ,russia is l leav+ ! mo/ hide\s p>ts ( ! ,black ,c\ntry to sudd5ly em]ge into ! brightness & v]dure ( a sunlit ,devon%ire4 ,,lapl& ,,alex&] ,,platonovi* ,,engelh>dt ,! ,p59sula ( ,kola1 :i* =ms ! ,di/rict ( t "n1 ext5ds ab\t #fej v]/s1 or #dcc miles1 f we/ to ea/1 f ! fronti]s ( ,norway & ,f9l& to ! ,:ite ,sea1 & ab\t #djj v]/s1 or #bff miles1 f nor? to s\?1 f ! ,arctic ,ocean to ! ,gulf ( ,k&alax1 cov]+ an area ( #aca1hfj squ>e v]/s1 or #cg1jbb1djj acres4 ,! coa/ belt f ! ,norwegian bord]-l9e to ,holy ,cape 7or ,sweet-nose71 is call$ ! ,murman ,coa/1 or simply ! ,murman2 ! ea/]n & s\?-ea/]n "p1 f ,holy ,cape along ! ,:ite ,sea to ! m\? ( ! ,v>zuga1 goes by ! "n ( ! ,ti]ski ,coa/2 & ! s\!rn "p1 f ! ,v>zuga to ,k&alax1 ! ,k&alax ,coa/2 :il/ ! :ole ( ! int]ior be>s ! "n ( ,russian ,lapl&4 ,! surface ( ! ,p59sula is ei!r m\nta9\s1 or cov]$ ) tundras 7i4 e41 moss-gr[n wilds71 & swamps4 ,! ,sc&9avian m\nta9 range1 :i* divides ,sw$5 f ,norway1 ext5d+ to ! ,kola ,p59sula1 breaks up into sev]al sep>ate bran*es4 ,along ! %ores ( ! ,murman !y =m craggy coa/ cliffs1 ris+ at times to an elevation ( #ejj feet4 ,fur!r to ! ea/ !y become gradually l[]1 s t ne> ! ,:ite ,sea !y seldom exce$ fifty or "o hundr$ feet1 ) less precipit\s desc5ts4 ,! rea* _! greate/ height fur!r inl&1 to ! ea/ ( ,lake ,im&ra1 :]e !y =m ! ,hib9ski & ,luiavr\t *a9s1 veil$ 9 p]petual sn[4 ,"s ( ! peaks rise to #igj feet above ! level ( ! lake1 :i*1 9 its turn1 is #adj feet high] ?an ! sea-level1 s t ! m\nta9s surr\nd+ ! lake are ov] #a1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,n f> f ,lake ,im&ra is ! l(ty ,m\nt ,bozia1 7or ,gods' ,hill71 at ! foot ( :i*1 accord+ to ! traditions ( ! ,lapps1 _! ance/ors (f]$ up sacrifices to _! gods4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t ! ,lapps ( ! di/rict speak ( ?is site ) peculi> v5]ation4 ,betwe5 ! village ( ,ka%k>antz & ! ,v>zuga rises ,mt4 ,korable1 rem>kable = its _m cav]ns1 /udd$ ) cry/als ( transluc5t qu>tz & ame?y/1 ! =m]1 toge!r ) fluor & heavy sp>1 be+ met )1 too1 9 ! ea/]n p>ts ( ! m\nta94 ,! ,kola ,p59sula 0 c>efully explor$ by ,f9ni% ,exp$itions 9 #ahhg-ahib4 ,! climate ( ,lapl& is n ev]y:]e uni=m1 b 9 g5]al x is bleak & raw4 ,w9t] beg9s ab\t ! end ( ,septemb] & cont9ues till ,may4 ,x is cold] inl& ?an by ! ice-free %ores ( ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 :]e ! w>m curr5ts ( ! ,gulf ,/ream mod]ate ! cold4 ,& yet ! sev]ity ( ! wea!r does n injuri\sly affect ! heal? or longevity ( ! inhabitants4 ,! w9t] roads are well set 9 by ! end ( ,octob] 7or e>ly 9 ,novemb]71 ! sn[-fall dur+ ! w9t] mon?s am\nt+ to sev5 qu>t]s1 or f\r feet "o in*4 ,! ,pol> night la/s f ! #be? ( ,novemb] to ! #ae? ( ,janu>y1 b ! d>kness is n by any means s great z "o w\ld imag9e4 ,! :ite ( ! sn[ gives a c]ta9 glimm] ( light1 & ! frequ5t & prolong$ fla%es ( ,aurora ,borealis set ! heav5s 9 a blaze z ) cl\ds ( fire1 turn+ night into twilight1 z x 71 & by _! brilliancy & beauty mak+ "s am5ds to ! natives = ! abs5ce ( ! sun's rays4 ,x is easy ev5 to read by _! light2 :ile ea* day1 ab\t noon1 !re is en\gh daylight = an h\r or s to enable "o to disp5se ) c&les4 ,s t "u ! "n ( ,pol> ,night %\ld be und]/ood n ! total abs5ce ( light1 b r ! season :5 ! sun no long] appe>s above ! horizon4 ,x beg9s to %[ itself aga9 ab\t ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 gradually ris+ high] & high] z ! days advance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9de] ,,travell+ ,sn[ vani%es f ! pla9s t[>ds ! middle 7or end7 ( ,may1 b rema9s ! :ole ye> r\nd 9 ! gorges ( ! m\nta9s4 ,! riv]s are cle> ( ice ab\t ! beg9n+ 7or middle7 ( ,may1 & )9 a mon? f t "t ! fir/ %oots ( v]dure beg9 to appe> on ! mead[s & hill-sides4 ,! sun nev] sets f ! #bd? ( ,may to ! #ba/ ( ,july4 ,!re is nei!r twilight nor night1--! long ,arctic ,day has set 94 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! sun w>ms ! soil only at noon1 simply %9+ = ! re/ ( ! day1 seem+ly a gold5 orb )\t heat4 ,summ]1 beg9n+ ab\t ! middle 7i4 e41 end7 ( ,june1 b>ely la/s two mon?s4 ,by ,july fl[]s are already %$d+ _! blossoms1 _! rapid gr[? be+ aid$ by ! unbrok5 daylight4 ,any attempts at agriculture 9 su* a climate are1 ( c\rse1 =$oom$ to failure1 b along ! riv] banks "s fairly good mead[s enable ! settl]s ( ! ,murman to re> all ! cattle !y ne$4 ,turnips are ! only vegetables t c be rais$1 )1 "h & !re1 a few potatoes4 ,! s\!rn & we/]n portions ( ! ,p59sula are cov]$ ) pretty good timb]1 mo/ly p9e 7,p9us silve/ris74 ,z y g fur!r nor?1 ! timb] becomes m & m /unt$1 consi/+ *iefly ( bir*wood1 till y rea* ! op5 tundra1 :i* is clo!d 9 moss & l[-gr[+ %rubs4 ,! ,lapps lead a semi-nomadic life4 ,! settlem5ts 9 :i* !y live are call$ pago/s1 ea* gr\p ( ,lapps hav+ its p>ticul> summ] & w9t] pago/4 ,! latt] is usually inl& ne> ! =e/s1 :]e !y h]d _! de] 9 w9t]4 ,9 summ] !y w&] ne>] to ! coa/s & lakes = ! sake ( ! fi%+4 ,! w9t] dwell+ ( ! ,lapp is call$ a toopa1 a small smoky sod-cov]$ hut1 cov]+ "s #aej to #bjj squ>e feet2 :]eas 9 summ] he lives 9 8 vieja1 a l>ge wigwam resembl+ a ,samoy$e *oom1 b cov]$ ov]1 n ) sk9s z ) ! ,samoy$es1 b ) bran*es1 tree-b>k & turfs4 ,! typical ,lapp is dw>f-l & ?ick-set4 ,he usually we>s a grey clo? jacket1 8 head be+ encircl$ 9 a high wooll5 cap tap]+ to a tassel at ! top1 :ile 8 feet1 wrapp$ up 9 rags1 are !n cov]$ ) big %oes4 ,9 g5]al1 8 :ole appe>ance1 ) 8 po9t$ be>d1 be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ! famili> repres5tations ( gnomes1 z ^! d5iz5s ( ! subt]ranean _w are pictur$ to u 9 fairy books4 ,few ( ! ,lapps1 h[ev]1 conf9e !mselves to ?is *>act]i/ic type ( ,lapp co/ume1 b we> :atev] comes to _! h&s1--hats1 caps1 clo!s made 9 ,g]many & s on4 ,among ! wom51 especially ! y\ng] ones1 "s fairly pretty faces may be met )4 ,_! dress is usually a calico s>afan1 & g5]ally speak+1 !re is no?+ specially di/+ui%+ ab\t _! app>el4 ,! ,lapp race is evid5tly dy+ out1 or r1 is gradually int]m+l+ )1 & be+ absorb$ by1 ! neighb\r+ races4 ,) nei!r writt5 memorials nor a hi/oric pa/ to cl+ to1 nor any p>ticul> religi\s belief1 !y are all ( ! ,or?odox ,fai?4 ,9 assum+ ! cu/oms & civilization ( ! ,russians1 ! ,lapps (t5 ab&on _! own tribe1 & assimilate ) ! /rong] race4 ,i h (t5 he>d su* say+s z ! foll[+ f ,lapps :o h m or less settl$ d[n3 ,i'm n a ,lapp at all1 ,i'm a ,russian n[1 or ,he's a good man 7i4 e41 active1 en]getic7 & n a ,lapp4 ,s t !y evid5tly h no p>ticul>ly high op9ion ( !mselves1 & put no great value on _! tribal individuality2 & yet1 z ! free-born *ild ( ! broad & b\ndless tundra1 ! ,lapp de>ly loves 8 home & op5 rov+ life4 ,! *ief occupations ( ! ,lapps are re9de]-re>+ & fi%+1 & 9 w9t]1 ! transport ( goods by means ( _! de]4 ,!y are un=tunately bad husb&m51 utt]ly reckless ab\t ! increase ( _! h]ds1 & nev] dream+ ( look+ ^u !m z s\rces ( ga94 ,de]-h]d+ is n1 9 _! eyes1 a regul> bus9ess1 !y m]ely keep su* head z are requir$ = dome/ic uses1 t is1 = food1 clo?+ & travell+4 ,v few ,lapps own big h]ds1 :ile mo/ ( !m h>dly "k or c>e h[ _m 9 reality !y h4 ,9 summ]1 :5 ! de] are n want$ = travell+ purposes1 !y dismiss !m to range at l>ge1 )\t any surveillance :atev]4 ,to escape ! p]secutions ( gadflies & mosquitoes ! de] g5]ally flock to ! ,hib9ski ,m\nta9s1 or else w&] to ! sea-%ore4 ,:5 ?us at l>ge !y multiply freely ( !mselves1 &1 by ?is "t half wild1 (t5 /ray away f ! h]ds altoge!r4 ,! re>+ ( re9de] might easily be made su* a pr(itable bus9ess z to be suffici5t 9 itself to insure a com=table livelihood to ! ,lapps4 ,! de] itself h>dly requires any look+ aft] ! :ole ye> r\nd4 ,all ?r\gh ! summ] x fe$s on v>i\s grasses1 & 9 w9t] on ! yagel1 or re9de] li*5 7,cladonia rangif]9a71 :i* x scrat*es out f "u ! sn[1 ) its ho(s4 ,?is li*51 or moss1 gr[s 9 pr(usion all ov] ! tundras & =e/s ( ! ,kola ,p59sula4 ,x is 8 de] :i* supply ! ,lapp ) food & clo?+1 convey 8 family & goods hundr$s ( v]/s 9 8 w&]+s1 &1 f9ally1 give him ! opportunity ( add+ to 8 income by act+ z c>ri]1 & by supply+ teams to ! gov]nm5t po/al-/ations1 etc4 ,"s ye>s ago "s ,zirians f ! ,pet*ora settl$ 9 ! ,kola ,p59sula ) _! h]ds1 numb]+ "s #e1jjj head4 ,! ,lapps welcom$ !m into _! community1 look+ ^u !m1 inde$1 z b5efactors1 z ! ,zirians1 a sm>t & ent]pris+ race1 get ev]y?+ ne$$ = h\sehold purposes1 :i* !y obta9 mu* *eap] ?an ! ,lapps !mselves c\ld be=e1 at ! same "t giv+ good prices = ! sk9s ( re9de] & o!r wild animals kill$ by ! ,lapps4 ,s f> no want ( graz+ plots has be5 felt4 ,! ,zirians h already ov] #aj1jjj head ( de]1 d]iv+1 comp>atively speak+1 enorm\s ga9s f !m4 ,b !n1 unlike ! ,lapps1 ! ,zirians g ab\t _! bus9ess 9 sy/ematic & s5sible fa%ion1 safegu>d+ _! /ock f ! incursions ( bea/s ( prey1 t5d+ !m c>efully w9t] & summ]1 driv+ !m f "t to "t to suitable pa/ures1 etc4 ,,mosc[ ,,! ,,kreml9 ,,& ,,its ,,treasuries4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,regalia4 ,,! ,,roman(f ,,h\se ,,alfr$ ,,maskell ,mosc[ is ! second capital ( ! ,empire1 b by anci5t "r ! fir/1 al?\gh n[ surpass$ bo? 9 comm]ce & population by ! mod]n city ( ,pet] ! ,great4 ,mosc[ occupies almo/ exactly ! geographical c5tre ( ,european ,russia4 ,arti/ically x is ( f> great] int]e/ to u ?an its nor!rn rival4 ,x has pres]v$ ! old ori5tal type3 9 its palaces has be5 display$ ! b>b>ic pomp ( ! ,muscovite ,ts>s ( :i* mu* yet rema9s1 n only 9 _! r5ovat$ halls b also 9 :at is left ( ! plate1 jewels & ornam5ts ) :i* !y once ab\nd$4 ,! g5]al plan resembles some:at t ( ,p>is2 ! diff]5t qu>t]s h gradually develop$ ar\nd a c5tre1 & ! riv] ,moskva me&]s ?r\gh !m z ! ,se9e4 ,! c5tre is ! ,kreml92 9 %ape an irregul> triangle surr\nd$ by high walls1 outside :i* is ! fir/ wall$-9 qu>t]--! ,kitai-,gorod1 t is ! ,*9ese city1 ab\t ! mean+ ( :i* t]m !re is "s dispute4 ,x is n1 nor ev] has be51 9 any way ,*9ese4 ,! "n ( ,mosc[ appe>s fir/ 9 ! *ronicles 9 #aadg1 :5 ,y\ri1 a son ( ,vladimir ,monoma*us1 built ! fir/ h\ses ( a t[n on ! hill :]e ! ,kreml9 n[ /&s1 b x 0 n until at lea/ a c5tury lat] t ! city became ( any importance4 ,9 #abcg1 x 0 burn$ by ! ,t>t>s & ! real f\nd] 0 ,daniel1 a son ( ,alex&] ,nevski4 ,he 0 ! fir/ pr9ce buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ael :]e1 until ! "t ( ,pet] ! ,great1 all ! sov]eigns ( ,russia h be5 buri$2 z 9 ! metropolitan ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption1 b a few /eps di/ant1 !y h all be5 cr[n$ up to ! pres5t day4 ,f ! ,fifte5? to ! ,sev5te5? ,c5turies1 at ! "t :5 ! arts fl\ri%$ 9 ,russia1 9 ! greate/ pr(usion & magnific5ce1 ,mosc[ 0 end[$ ) h] ri*e/ monum5ts4 ,x 0 !n ! num]\s *ur*es arose1 ! ,kreml91 & ! palaces ( ! boy>s4 ,at t "t ! city consi/$ ( ! ,kreml9 & ! ?ree wall$-9 enclosures :i* encircle x & ea* o!r z ! sev]al sk9s & %ell inclose ! k]nel ( a walnut4 ,x appe>s to h be5 built 9 a haphaz>d fa%ion1 ?\gh ! old plans1 ) ! h\ses sket*$ 9 r[s1 exhibit an uni=mity ( /reets & build+s4 ,!y %[ u also t ! h\ses 7 = ! mo/ "p ( wood1 hav+ ea* a cov]$ outside /aircase lead+ to ! upp] /ories4 ,built s mu* ( wood x 0 expos$ to frequ5t conflagrations1 ! la/ be+ ! great burn+ at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* invasion 9 #ahab4 ,b s quickly 0 x always rebuilt & on ! same l9es t x has ev] reta9$ its orig9al & irregul> aspect4 ,! ,kreml9 0 at fir/ ( wood1 b "u ! two ,ivans x 0 surr\nd$ by ! solid /one walls ( :ite /one cut 9 facets1 :i* h giv5 to ! city ! "n ,:ite ,"m1 or ,holy ,"m ,mosc[ ) ! :ite walls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mosc[4 ,! ,kreml9 is at ! same "t a =tress & a city conta9$ )9 itself1 ) its /reets & palaces1 *ur*es1 mona/]ies1 & b>racks4 ,eighte5 t[]s & five gateways g>ni% ! long ext5t ( ! inclos+ wall2 two ( ! gateways are int]e/+2 t ( ! ,savi\r built by ,pietro ,sol>io 9 #adia1 & t ( ! ,tr9ity by ,*ri/oph] ,gall[ay 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,"h1 among ! *ur*es are ^? ( ! ,assumption & ( ,/4 ,mi*ael2 "h are ! new palace ( ! ,ts>1 ! re/or$ ,t]em 7:at is left ( ! old palace71 ! sacri/y & libr>y ( ! patri>*s1 ! treasure & regalia1 ! great t[] ( ,ivan ,veliki 9 :i* hangs ! l>ge/ bell 9 ! _w t w r+1 & b5ea? x ! ,ts> ,kolokol1 ! k+ ( bells1 :i* x is suppos$ has nev] be5 rung & ! k+ ( cannons :i* has nev] be5 fir$4 ,! anci5t ,kazna1 or treasury ( ! ,kreml91 :]e ! ri*es ( ! ,ts>s h be5 pres]v$ f "t immemorial 0 9 ! reign ( ,ivan ,,iii4 situat$ )9 ! walls ( ! ,kreml91 betwe5 ! ,ca!drals ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ( ! ,annunciation4 ,"h x rema9$ until ! great fire ( #agcg4 ,! treasure _h already suff]$ a heavy loss3 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 at ! "t ( ! w> ) ,pol&1 a l>ge quantity ( plate 0 melt$ d[n to provide = ! paym5t ( ! troops4 ,! fire ( #agcg caus$ a fur!r & great] loss & de/roy$ also a l>ge "p ( ! arm\ry4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* invasion 9 #ahab ! :ole ( ! treasure1 toge!r ) ! regalia1 0 remov$ to ,novgorod1 & ?us escap$ de/ruction ( seizure4 ,on its return to ,mosc[ 9 #ahad1 sy/ematic arrangem5ts 7 made = its pres]vation1 & = ! =mation & arrangem5t ( ! museum 9 :i* x is n[ exhibit$4 ,9 ! ye> #ahej ! new build+ ( ! ,oruj5aia ,palata :i* =ms "p ( ! mod]n palace ( ! ,kreml9 0 complet$1 & to ?is ! entire collection 0 transf]r$4 ,! treasury ( ,mosc[ has be5 almo/ f ! "t ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,russian ,empire ! place :]e ! ri*es ( ! ,ts>s h be5 kept2 consi/+ ( ! regalia1 ( ! /ate co/umes1 ( ! plate & vases us$ 9 ! s]vice ( _! table1 ( _! mo/ magnific5t arm\r & horse-trapp+s1 ( _! /ate c>riages & sl$ges & ( ! pres5ts :i* f "t to "t ! sov]eigns ( o!r c\ntries s5t ?r\gh _! ambassadors1 ( ^: embassies s _m int]e/+ acc\nts h come d[n to u4 ,! collection ( plate is expos$ on op5 /&s arrang$ 9 ti]s r\nd ! pill>s1 or o!rwise display$ 9 a va/ hall ( ! new build+ ( ! ,oruj5aia ,palata4 ,! ri*es ?us br\ght toge!r h suff]$ _m *anges4 ,! c\rt 0 frequ5tly mov$1 ! /ate ( ! empire 0 cont9ually di/urb$1 fires 7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 & necessity at times caus$ mu* treasure to be melt$ d[n4 ,! ,ts>'s fav\rites receiv$ no d\bt f "t to "t acceptable m>ks ( 8 approbation 9 ! %ape ( ri* pres5ts1 & _m specim5s ( plate f\nd _! way probably 9 a simil> mann] to ! *ur*es & mona/]ies4 ,b not)/&+ all ?is1 !re /ill rema9s p]man5tly in/all$ & c>efully gu>d$ 9 ! treasury ( ! ,kreml9 a collection ( plate :i*1 = ext5t1 v>iety1 & int]e/1 may rival t 9 any o!r palace 9 ! _w4 ,x appe>s to h be5 cu/om>y dur+ ! la/ two c5turies at lea/ to make a gr& display ( ?is treasure on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! sov]eign1 & especially dur+ ! c]emonies ( ! coronation4 ,!n1 9 ! c5tre ( ! hall 9 ! anci5t ,t]em1 kn[n z ! gold room1 :]e ! ,ts> d9es 9 solit>y /ate1 a k9d ( buffet is arrang$ & o!r /&s dispos$1 load$ & groan+ ) ?is ri* accumulation4 ,great spl5d\r & ri*ness ( mat]ial1 ! lavi% use ( jewels 9 ! decoration1 & ! brilliant col\r d]iv$ f ! employm5t ( enamels are *>act]i/ics ( ea/]n art 9 ! preci\s metals4 ,b :ile we are /ruck by ! delicacy & ref9em5t ) :i* ^! are employ$ by _m ea/]n c\ntries1 & :ile we admire ! ta/e & h>mony ( col\r display$ by ! workm5 ( ,india or ( ,p]sia1 x mu/ be confess$ t ! ,russian tempt$ by ! glitt] & display :i* are s mu* 9 accordance ) 8 own ta/e1 has be5 unable to use ! same judgm5t z ^? :om he has tak5 z 8 models4 ,few w\ld d5y t !re reigns ?r\gh\t 8 "w t quality :i* is be/ express$ by ! t]m--b>b>ic magnific5ce4 ,?is is n vulg>ity3 su* a t]m is n applicable2 x is ! outcome ( ! desire :i* is to be f\nd among/ all nations :o h atta9$ a c]ta9 degree ( civilization & ri*es to impose respect & awe by a lavi% display ( mat]ial weal? or by ! use ( gorge\s col\r1 :i* always calls =? ! admiration ( ! multitude4 ,9 ! plate & jewell$ ornam5t :i* we f9d 9 ! treasury ( ! ,kreml91 we %all f9d t ,russian ta/e 0 fond ( solid mat]ial & ornam5t1 enri*$ ) _m & l>ge preci\s /ones ( value4 ,all ,ori5tal nations h ev] lov$ to accumulate ri*es ( ?is description :i*1 at ! same "t t !y are ( use z ornam5t1 are also ( intr9sic value4 ,! cr[ns1 & ?rones1 & sceptres1 ! ornam5ts ( ! imp]ial co/ume1 ! gold & silv] plate & vases & o!r preci\s objects ( ! c\rt ( ! ,ts>s h1 !re=e1 a "* ( solid spl5d\r1 a want ( ref9em5t & delicacy1 :i* is almo/ uni=mly *>act]i/ic4 ,/ill !y are n defici5t 9 a c]ta9 gr&eur & ev5 elegance1 & 9 details !re is mu* t is admirable1 mu* t is /rik+ly orig9al4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( pieces t we %all f9d 9 ! ,kreml9 & else:]e belong to ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,9 ! treasury ( ! ,kreml9 we h b "o piece ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury & "s few ( ! ,f\rte5? & ,fifte5? ,c5turies4 ,all ! re/ are lat]4 ,! entire numb] ( pieces 9 ! ,kreml9 am\nts to sixte5 hundr$4 ,aft] ! disa/]s ( #afab1 all ! anci5t plate = ! s]vice ( ! ,ts>'s table 0 melt$ d[n & conv]t$ into money2 _m objects 9 gold & silv] & jewell$ "w be+ at ! same "t giv5 9 pl$ge to ! troops ( ,vladislas ,,iv4 ,!re are !re=e few examples e>li] ?an ! dyna/y ( ! ,roman(fs4 ,! treasure conta9s also "s ( ! mo/ highly v5]at$ icons1 crosses1 & reliqu>ies 9 ,russia4 ,z reg>ds _m ( ^! x is difficult to assign a date or a place ( production4 ,_m ( !m h hi/ories m or less leg5d>y1 b :ile "s may appe> to belong absolutely to ! ,greek s*ool1 we mu/ n =get t ,russia s5t its workm5 to ,m\nt ,a?os to be in/ruct$ & to "w !re1 & on _! return ! traditions & models ( ! s*ool 7 scrupul\sly obs]v$ 9 ! work%ops ( ,mosc[4 ,! regalia ( ! anci5t ,ts>s sc>cely yield 9 int]e/ to t ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,!y consi/ ( a l>ge numb] ( cr[ns or jewell$ caps ( peculi> =m1 ( orbs & sceptres1 ( ! imp]ial co/ume1 & especially ( t peculi> "p ( ! latt]1 a k9d ( coll> or %\ld] ornam5t1 kn[n z ! b>mi4 ,o!r important pieces ( ! regalia ( ,alexis ,mi*ailovit* are ! orbs & sceptres1 ! b[ & arr[ case ( ! same description ( workman%ip4 ,^! are gorge\s specim5s ( jewell$ & enamell$ "w attribut$ to ,con/ant9ople4 ,! sceptre ( ! ,ts> ,mi*ailovit* is ( simil> enamell$ "w1 & is probably a good specim5 ( ! effect ( we/]n influ5ce on ! goldsmi?s ( ,mosc[4 ,! figures especially appe> to be ( ! ,italian r5aissance4 ,ano!r sceptre is unmi/akably ,russian "w1 & if n ( pure ta/e is at lea/ ( f9e workman%ip & impos+ magnific5ce4 ,! ?rones are ( high int]e/ f m ?an "o po9t ( view4 ,we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) *oos+ two f among/ !m1 viz43 ! ivory ?rone ( ,ivan ,,iii4 7,antiquities ( ! ,russian ,empire1 ii4 #hd-ajj71 & ! ?rone kn[n z ! ,p]sian ?rone 7,ibid1 ii4 #fb-ff74 ,! fir/ 0 br\ght f ,con/ant9ople 9 #adgb by ! ,ts>9a ,sophia ,paleologus1 :o1 by h] m>riage ) ,ivan ,,iii41 unit$ ! coats ( arms ( ,byzantium & ,russia4 ,!re is a c]ta9 resemblance betwe5 ?is ?rone & t kn[n z ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,rome4 ,! g5]al =m is ! same1 z is ! mann] 9 :i* ! ivory plaques & _! bord]+s are plac$4 ,! second ?rone is a magnific5t "w1 :i*1 accord+ to a regi/] z ! ,book ( ,embassies1 0 s5t f ,p]sia 9 ! ye> #affj to ! ,ts> ,alexis by a c]ta9 ,i*to ,modevlet1 ( ! ,%ah's c\rt4 ,m4 ,weltman1 9 8 enum]ation ( ! treasury ( ! ,kreml91 says3 ,x 0 !re=e probably made 9 ! work%ops ( ,ispahan ab\t ! same "t t ! globe1 sceptre1 & b>mi 7 ord]$ f ,con/ant9ople4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,kreml91 ,,mosc[4 ,! ,kreml9 conta9s a l>ge numb] ( pieces ( decorative plate ( all k9ds made = ! s]vice ( ! table ( ! ,ts>s1 or display$ on buffets on /ate occasions4 ,mu* ( x is ! production ( o!r c\ntries1 pres5t$ by _! ambassadors or pur*as$ = ! ,ts>4 ,! frequ5t fires & ! melt+ d[n ( treasure dur+ ! ,poli% di/urbances h mu* dim9i%$ ?is collection1 & possibly also _m ( ! f9e/ pieces h disappe>$4 ,( ! l>ge s]vice ( gold plate ( ! ,ts> ,alexis1 :i* consi/$ ( #abj cov]s1 two plates are all t rema94 ,^! are1 h[ev]1 suffici5t evid5ce ( ! skill & ta/e ( ! ,mosc[ goldsmi?s ( ! p]iod & ( _! dext]ity 9 ! use ( enamel4 ,! ,treasury ( ! ,kreml9 conta9s a l>ge numb] ( cups or vases ( silv]-gilt1 = table use1 ( ,russian "w4 ,!re is no great v>iety 9 ! cups1 b "s =ms are peculi> to ! c\ntry4 ,!re are especially ! cups call$ brat9i 7lov+ cups1 f brat1 a bro!r71 ! b[ls or ladles t]m$ kov%1 & ! small cups ) "o flat h&le = /rong liquors4 ,tall beak]s exp&+ at ! lip & contract$ at ! middle are also fav\rite =ms1 b ! bulb\s %ape is ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,inde$1 t =m ( bulb or cupola :i* we see ^u ! *ur*es is peculi>ly *>act]i/ic4 ,we f9d x ) m or less resemblance1 9 ! anci5t cr[ns1 9 ! mitres ( ! popes1 9 ! b[ls ( *alices & 9 vases & b[ls = dr9k+4 ,9 ! brat9i & kov% ! bulg+ =m ( ornam5t1 ! cov+ up ( ! bottoms ( ! b[ls1 & ! use ( twi/$ lobes are v common4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption is "o ( ! _m *ur*es situat$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,kreml94 ,x 0 recon/ruct$ by ,fiorav5ti 9 #adge aft] ! model ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,vladimir1 & 9 spite ( ! frequ5t calamities & fires :i* h half ru9$ ,mosc[ /ill pres]ves 9 a great measure its primitive "*4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,assumption has five domes re/+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! build+ on f\r massive circul> pill>s1 & ! sanctu>y is compos$ ( f\r hemicycles4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael is close by & 0 built 9 #aejg 9 imitation ( x4 ,ne> ?is aga9 is ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,annunciation4 ,?is1 :i* 0 built 9 #adaf1 is m orig9al 9 /yle & recalls ! *ur*es ( ,m\nt ,a?os1 or t ( ,k]t*1 :i* dates f ! ,t5? ,c5tury4 ,m5tion mu/ be made ( an anci5t build+1 ! h\se kn[n z ! ,roman(f ,h\se 9 ,mosc[4 ,x 0 ! bir?place ( ! ,ts> ,mi*ael ,!odorovit*1 f\nd] ( ! n[ reign+ family1 & also ( 8 fa!r ,!odore ,nikitis*1 :o became patri>* "u ! "n ( ,phil>et4 ,9 its re/or$ /ate ! ,roman(f ,h\se is /ill p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable anci5t build+ exi/+ 9 ,russia z a p]fect specim5 ( ! old dwell+-h\ses ( ! boy>ds4 ,x is built ( /one1 & ! solid ext]ior walls are z !y orig9ally /ood4 ,! int]ior re/oration1 complet$ by ! emp]or ,alex&] 9 #ahei1 has be5 c>ri$ out ) great c>e 9 ! exact /yle ( ! "t1 ! furniture & ornam5ts be+ au!ntic & plac$ z !y w\ld h be54 ,,vassili-,,blag5noi 7,,/4 ,,basil ,,! ,,bless$7 ,,!ophile ,,gauti] ,we soon rea*$ ! ,kitai-,gorod1 :i* is ! bus9ess qu>t]1 ^u ! ,krasnaia1 ! ,r$ ,squ>e1 or r ! beautiful squ>e1 = 9 ,russia ! words r$ & beautiful are synonym\s4 ,^u "o side ( ?is squ>e is ! long facade ( ! ,go/9noi-,dvor1 an imm5se baza> ) /reets enclos$ by glass-l passages1 & :i* conta9s no less ?an #f1jjj %ops4 ,! outside wall ( ! ,kreml9 re>s itself on ano!r side1 ) gates pi]c+ ! t[]s ( %>ply peak$ ro(s1 p]mitt+ y to see above x ! turrets1 ! domes1 ! belfries & ! spires ( ! *ur*es & conv5ts x encloses4 ,on ano!r side1 /range z ! ar*itecture ( dreaml&1 /&s ! *im]ical & impossible *ur* ( ,vassili-,blag5noi1 :i* makes y\r reason d\bt ! te/imony ( y\r eyes4 ,al?\gh x appe>s real en\gh1 y ask y\rself if x is n a fanta/ic mirage1 a build+ made ( cl\ds curi\sly col\r$ by ! sunlight1 & :i* ! quiv]+ air w *ange or cause to dissolve4 ,)\t any d\bt1 x is ! mo/ orig9al build+ 9 ! _w2 x recalls no?+ t y h ev] se5 & x belongs to no /yle :atev]3 y might call x a gigantic madrepore1 a colossal =mation ( cry/als1 or a grotto ( /alactites inv]t$4 ,b let u n se>* = comp>isons to give an idea ( some?+ t has no prototype4 ,let u try r to describe ,vassili-,blag5noi1 if inde$ !re exi/s a vocabul>y to speak ( :at _h nev] be5 imag9$ previ\sly4 ,!re is a leg5d ab\t ,vassili-,blag5noi1 :i* is probably n true1 b :i* nev]!less expresses ) /r5g? & poetry ! s5se ( wond]+ /upefaction felt at ! semi-b>b>\s p]iod :5 t s+ul> edifice1 s remote f all ar*itectural traditions1 0 erect$4 ,ivan ! ,t]rible _h ?is ca!dral built z a ?ank-(f]+ = ! conque/ ( ,kasan1 & :5 x 0 f9i%$1 he f\nd x s beautiful1 wond]ful & a/\nd+1 t he ord]$ ! ar*itect's eyes to be put out--!y say he 0 an ,italian--s t he c\ld nev] erect any?+ simil>4 ,accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! same leg5d1 ! ,ts> ask$ ! orig9ator ( ?is *ur* if he c\ld n erect a /ill m beautiful "o1 & ^u 8 reply 9 ! affirmative1 he cut (f 8 head1 s t ,vassili-,blag5noi might rema9 unrivall$ =ev]4 ,a m flatt]+ exhibition ( jeal\s cruelty _c be imag9$1 b ?is ,ivan ! ,t]rible 0 at bottom a true arti/ & a passionate dilettante4 ,su* f]ocity 9 matt]s ( art is m pleas+ to me ?an indiff]5ce4 ,imag9e on a k9d ( plat=m :i* lifts ! base f ! gr\nd1 ! mo/ peculi>1 ! mo/ incompreh5sible1 ! mo/ prodigi\s heap+ up ( l>ge & little cab9s1 outside /airways1 gall]ies ) arcades & unexpect$ hid+-places & projections1 unsymmetrical por*es1 *apels 9 juxtaposition1 w9d[s pi]c$ 9 ! walls at haphaz>d1 indescribable =ms & a r\nd+ out ( ! int]ior arrangem5t1 z if ! ar*itect1 seat$ 9 ! c5tre ( 8 "w _h produc$ a build+ by ?ru/+ x out f him4 ,f ! ro( ( ?is *ur* :i* might be tak5 = a ,h9du1 ,*9ese1 or ,?ibetan pagoda1 !re spr+s a =e/ ( belfries ( ! /range/ ta/e1 fanta/ic beyond any?+ else 9 ! _w4 ,! "o 9 ! c5tre1 ! talle/ & mo/ massive1 %[s ?ree or f\r /ories f base to spire4 ,fir/ come little columns1 & too!d /r+-c\rses1 !n come "s pila/]s fram+ long mullion$ w9d[s1 !n a s]ies ( blank ar*es l scales1 ov]lapp+ "o ano!r1 & on ! sides ( ! spire w>t-l ornam5ts outl9+ ea* spire1 ! :ole t]m9at$ by a lant]n surm\nt$ by an inv]t$ gold5 bulb be>+ on its tip ! ,russian cross4 ,! o!rs1 :i* are sl5d]] & %ort]1 affect ! =m ( ! m9>et1 & _! fanta/ically ornam5t$ t[]s end 9 cupolas t swell /rangely into ! =m ( onions4 ,"s are tortur$ into facets1 o!rs ribb$1 "s cut into diamond-%ap$ po9ts l p9eapples1 "s /rip$ ) fillets 9 spirals1 o!rs aga9 decorat$ ) loz5ge-%ap$ & ov]lapp+ scales1 or honeycomb$ l a bee-hive1 & all adorn$ at _! summit ) ! gold5 ball surm\nt$ by ! cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vassili-,,blag5noi 7,,/4 ,,basil ,,! ,,bless$71 ,,mosc[4 ,:at adds /ill m to ! fanta/ic effect ( ,vassili-,blag5noi1 is t x is col\r$ ) ! mo/ incongru\s tones :i* nev]!less produce a h>moni\s effect t *>ms ! eye4 ,r$1 blue1 apple-gre5 & yell[ meet "h 9 all portions ( ! build+4 ,columns1 capitals1 ar*es & ornam5ts are pa9t$ ) />tl+ %ades :i* give a /rong relief4 ,on ! pla9 spaces ( r>e occurr5ce1 !y h simulat$ divisions or panels fram+ pots ( fl[]s1 rose-w9d[s1 wrea?+ v9es1 & *ima]as4 ,! domes ( ! bell-t[]s are decorat$ ) col\r$ designs t recall ! patt]ns ( ,india %awls2 &1 display$ ?us on ! ro(s ( ! *ur*1 !y recall ! kiosks ( ! ,sultans4 ,! same fanta/ic g5ius presid$ ov] ! plan & ornam5tation ( ! int]ior4 ,! fir/ *apel1 :i* is v l[ & 9 :i* a few lamps glimm]1 resembles a gold5 cav]n2 unexpect$ />s ?r[ _! rays across ! dusky %ad[s & make ! /iff images ( ! ,greek sa9ts /& out l phantoms4 ,! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice alone c give an approximate idea ( ! effect ( ?is a/oni%+ ri*ness4 ,at ! back1 ! icono/as looms up 9 ! twilight %ot ?r\gh ) rays l a gold5 & jewell$ wall betwe5 ! fai?ful & ! prie/s ( ! sanctu>y4 ,vassili-,blag5noi does n pres5t1 l o!r *ur*es1 a simple int]ior compos$ ( sev]al naves communicat+ & cut at c]ta9 po9ts ( int]section aft] ! laws ( ! rites foll[$ 9 ! temple4 ,x is =m$ ( a collection ( *ur*es1 or *apels1 9 juxtaposition & indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,ea* bell-t[] conta9s a *apel1 :i* arranges itself z x pleases 9 ?is mass4 ,! dome is ! t]m9al ( ! spire or ! bulb ( ! cupola4 ,y might believe y\rself "u ! enorm\s casque ( "s ,circassian or ,t>t> giant4 ,^! calottes are1 moreov]1 m>vell\sly pa9t$ & decorat$ 9 ! int]ior4 ,x is ! same ) ! walls cov]$ ) ^? b>b>ic & hi]atic figures1 ! traditional designs = :i* ! ,greek monks ( ,m\nt ,a?os h pres]v$ f c5tury to c5tury1 & :i*1 9 ,russia1 (t5 deceive ! c>eless obs]v] reg>d+ ! age ( a build+4 ,x is a peculi> s5sation to f9d y\rself 9 ^! my/]i\s sanctu>ies1 :]e p]sonages famili> to ! ,roman ,ca?olic cult1 m+le ) ! sa9ts peculi> to ! ,greek ,cal5d>1 & seem 9 _! ar*aic ,byzant9e & con/ra9$ appe>ance to h be5 translat$ awkw>dly into gold by ! *ildi% devotion ( a primitive race4 ,^! images t y view across ! c>v$ & silv]-gilt "w ( ! icono/as1 :]e !y are rang$ symmetrically ^u ! gold5 scre5 op5+ _! l>ge fix$ eyes & rais+ _! br[n h& ) ! f+]s turn$ 9 a symbolic fa%ion1 produce1 by means ( _! some:at savage1 sup]human & immutable traditional aspect1 a religi\s impression n to be f\nd 9 m advanc$ works ( art4 ,^! figures1 se5 amid ! gold5 reflections & tw9kl+ light ( ! lamps1 easily assume a phantasmagorical life1 capable ( impress+ s5sitive imag9ations & ( creat+1 especially at ! twilight h\r1 a peculi> k9d ( sacr$ awe4 ,n>r[ corridors1 l[ ar*$ passages1 s n>r[ t y\r elb[s bru% ! walls & s l[ t y h to b5d y\r head1 circle ab\t ^! *apels & lead f "o to ! o!r4 ,no?+ c\ld be m fanta/ic ?an ^! passages2 ! ar*itect seems to h tak5 pleasure 9 tangl+ up _! ?read+ ways4 ,y asc5d1 y desc5d1 y seem to g out ( ! build+1 y seem to return1 twi/+ ab\t a cornice to foll[ ! curves ( a bell-t[]1 & walk+ ?r\gh ?ick walls 9 tortu\s passages t might be comp>$ to ! capill>y tubes ( madrepores1 or to ! roads made by insects 9 ! b>ks ( trees4 ,aft] s _m turn+s & w9d+s1 y\r head swims1 a v]tigo seizes y1 & y wond] if y are n a mollusk 9 an imm5se %ell4 ,i d n speak ( ! my/]i\s corn]s1 ( inexplicable coecums1 l[ doors op5+ no "o kn[s :i!r1 d>k /airways desc5d+ into pr(\nd dep?s2 = ,i c\ld nev] f9i% talk+ ( ?is ar*itecture1 :i* y seem to walk ?r\gh z if 9 a dream4 ,,pol& ,,?omas ,,mi*ell ,! ,ts> /ill be>s ! title ( ,k+ ( ,pol&1 b ! con/itutional k+dom creat$ at ! great settlem5t ( political acc\nts 9 #ahae has be5 (ficially /yl$ ,! ,cis-,vi/ula ,prov9ces1 ev] s9ce ! absolute incorporation ) ! ,russian empire 9 #ahfh4 ,! prov9ces 9 "q1 t5 9 numb]1 h an aggregate area ( #di1aeg ,engli% squ>e miles1 & a population ( eight millions1 compos$ to ! ext5t ( sixty-five p] c5t4 ( ,poles1 ! rema9d] be+ ,jews 79 ! proportion ( ?irte5 p] c5t41 & settl$ *iefly 9 t[ns71 ,li?uanians1 ,russians1 ,g]mans1 & o!r ali5s4 ,! ,poles 7! ,polacks ( ,%akespe>e71 are a bran* ( ! ,sclav race1 _! language diff]+ b little f t ( ! ,russians1 ,cze*s 7,bohemians71 ,s]vians1 ,bulg>ians1 & o!r k9dr$ remnants4 ,contact & co-op]ation ) ,we/]n civilization1 & escape f ,t>t> subjugation1 p]mitt$ ! ,poles to "w out _! own developm5t on l9es s widely ap>t f ^? pursu$ by _! ,russian bre?r51 t ! complete amalgamation ( ^! two great ,sclav bran*es has long be5 a matt] ( practical impossibility4 ,poli% hi/ory beg9s1 l t ( ,russia1 ) ,sc&9avian invasion2 ,sza9o*a1 a reliable au?ority ( ! pres5t c5tury1 ass]t$ t ! ,nor?m5 desc5d$ on ! ,poli% coa/ ( ! ,baltic1 & became1 z 9 ,russia1 ance/ors ( ! noble h\ses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is on record t ! fir/ ,gr& ,duke ( ,pol& 7ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #hdb71 0 ,pia/us1 a peasant1 :o f\nd$ a dyna/y t 0 sup]s$$ only 9 #ache by ! ,li?uanian ,jagellons4 ,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ by ! f\r? ( ! ,pia/s1 ,a4 ,d4 #ifd1 & x 0 a sov]eign ( ! same ,h\se1 ,boleslas ,i41 ! ,brave1 :o gave a solid f\ndation to ! ,poli% ,/ate4 ,he conqu]$ ,dantzig & ,pom]ania1 ,silesia1 ,moravia1 & ,:ite ,russia1 z f> z ! ,dniep]4 ,aft] be+ p>tition$1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple t long obta9$ 9 ! neighb\r+ ,russian pr9cipalities1 ! compon5t t]ritories ( ,pol& 7 reunit$ by ,vladislaf 7,ladislaf7 ! ,%ort1 :o e/abli%$ 8 capital1 9 #acbj1 at ,crac[1 :]e ! ,poli% k+s 7 ev] aft] cr[n$4 ,casimir ! ,great1 ! ,poli% ,ju/9ian 7#accd-acgj71 ga9$ = himself ! title ( ,rex ,ru/icorum1 by ! be/[al ( b5efits on ! peasantry1 :o 7 adscripti glehoe1 & by ! limitation ( ! p[] ( ! nobles1 or freehold]s4 ,on 8 dea?1 ,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,hung>y1 8 si/]'s son1 0 call$ to ! ?rone2 b 9 ord] to insure its cont9u$ possession he 0 compell$ to re9/ate ! nobles 9 all _! privileges1 "u a ,pacta ,conv5ta1 :i*1 subject to alt]ations made at ,diets1 0 reta9$ z "p ( ! ,coronation ,oa? s long z !re 7 ,poli% k+s to be consecrat$4 ,he 0 ! la/ sov]eign ( ! ,pia/ p]iod4 ,aft] compell+ 8 daught] to m>ry1 n ,william ( ,au/ria1 :om %e lov$1 b ,jagellon1 ,duke ( ,li?uania1 :o (f]$ to unite 8 ext5sive & adjac5t dom9ions ) ^? ( ,pol&1 & to conv]t 8 own pagan subjects to ,*ri/ianity1 ! nobles1 9 virtue ( _! ,magna ,*>ta1 elect$ ,jagellon 7baptiz$ "u ! "n ( ,ladislas7 to ! ?rone ( ,pol&1 :i* ?us became dyna/ically unit$ 7#achf71 ) t ( ,li?uania4 ,on ! dea?1 9 #aegb1 ( ,sigismund ,,ii41 ,augu/us1 ! la/ ( ! ,jagellons1 ! p[] ( ! k+1 already limit$ by t ( two *amb]s1 0 /ill fur!r dim9i%$1 & ! cr[n became elective4 ,:ile occupi$ 9 besieg+ ! ,hugu5ots at ,ro*elle1 & at a "t :5 ,pol& enjoy$ m religi\s lib]ty ?an any o!r c\ntry 9 ,europe1 ,h5ry ( ,valois 0 elect$ to ! ?rone1 9 succession to ,sigismund ,,ii42 b he quickly abscond$ f ,crac[ 9 ord] to become ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,france4 ,! ,jesuits1 introduc$ 9 ! next reign1 t ( ,/eph5 ,ba?ori1 br\ght /rong intol]ance ) !m1 & "o ( ! reasons t l$ ! ,cossacks ( ! ,poli% ,ukra9e to solicit ,russian protection 0 ! inf]ior position to :i* _! ,greek religion _h be5 r$uc$ 9 relation to ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,! ,russians & ,poles _h be5 at w> ) ea* o!r = two c5turies4 ,mosc[ _h be5 occupi$ 9 #afaj by ! ,poles 9 ! "n ( ,ladislas1 son ( ,sigismund ,,iii41 ( ! ,sw$i% ,wasa family1 elect$ to ! ,muscovite ?rone by ! ,russian boy>s1 b soon expell$ by ! patriots1 "u ,m99 & ,poj>ski4 ,sobieski1 :o _h sav$ ,vi5na = ! ,au/rians1 c\ld n keep ,kief & ,little ,russia = ! ,poles4 ,su* 0 ! outcome ( disord]s & revolutions 9 ! ,/ate1 & ( w>s ) ,muscovy1 ,turkey1 & ,sw$51 z well z ) ,t>t>s & ,cossacks4 ,fr$]ick ,augu/us ,,ii41 ,elector ( ,saxony1 succe$$ ,sobieski1 & reign$ until #agcc1 ) an int]val ( five ye>s1 dur+ :i* he 0 sup]s$$ by ,/anislas ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,n[o ,,zjazd ,,/reet1 ,,w>saw4 ,diss5sion & an>*y became /ill m g5]al1 9 ! reign ( ! next sov]eign1 ,augu/us ,,iii4 ,civil w>1 9 :i* ! "q ( ! rights ( ,lu!rans1 ,calv9i/s1 & o!r dissid5ts obnoxi\s to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* play$ a great "p1 result$ 9 ! int]v5tion ( ,russia & ,prussia1 & 9 #aggb ! fir/ p>tition ( ,pol& 0 consummat$4 ,! second foll[$ 9 #agic1 "u an arrangem5t betwe5 ! same c\ntries1 :i* _h tak5 al>m at a lib]al con/itution vot$ by ! ,poli% ,diet 9 #agia1 especially z x _h provid$ = ! emancipation ( ! adscripti gleboe4 ,! /ruggle made by ,?addeus ,kosciuszko end$ 9 ! entry ( ,suvor(f into ,w>saw ov] ! a%es ( ! ,prague suburb1 & 9 ! ?ird dismemb]m5t 7#agie71 ( anci5t ,pol&1 "u :i* ev5 ,w>saw 0 absorb$ by ,russia4 ,previ\s to ^! sev]al p>titions1 ,pol& occupi$ a t]ritory mu* m ext5sive ?an t ( ,france4 ,9 addition to ! k+dom prop]1 x includ$ ! prov9ce ( ,pos5 & "p ( ,we/ ,prussia1 ,crac[1 & ,galicia1 ,li?uania1 ! prov9ces ( ,volhynia & ,podolia1 & "p ( ! pres5t prov9ce ( ,kief4 ,9 #aggb1 ,dantzig 0 a seaport ( ,pol&1 ,kam9ets1 9 ,podolia1 its bord] /ronghold aga9/ ,turkey2 :ile to ! we/ & nor? its fronti] ext5d$ almo/ to ! walls ( ,riga1 & to )9 a %ort di/ance f ,mosc[4 ,9 /ill e>li] times1 ,bess>abia1 ,moldavia1 ,silesia1 & ,livonia 7 embrac$ )9 ! ,poli% possessions4 ,^! successive p>titions gave ! mo/ ext5sive portion ( ,poli% t]ritory to ,russia1 ! mo/ popul\s to ,au/ria1 & ! mo/ comm]cial to ,prussia4 ,napoleon ,i4 reviv$ a ,poli% /ate out ( ! prov9ces t _h be5 seiz$ by ,prussia & ,au/ria4 ,?is 0 fir/ con/itut$ into a ,gr& ,du*y "u ! ,k+ ( ,saxony1 & 9 #ahae1 :5 ,galicia 7) ,crac[7 0 re/or$ to ,au/ria1 & ,pos5 to ,prussia1 ,w>saw became aga9 a k+dom "u a con/itution grant$ by ,alex&] ,i4 ,! old ,poli% prov9ces t _h fall5 to ! %>e ( ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 at ! p>titions rema9$ incorporat$ ) ! ,russian ,empire1 b 7 n fully subject$ to a ,russian adm9i/ration until aft] ! great ,poli% insurrection ( #ahcj1 :5 also ! con/itution ( #ahae 0 )drawn1 ! national army aboli%$1 & ! ,poli% language proscrib$ 9 ! public (fices4 ,not)/&+ ! wide measures ( ,home ,rule introduc$ by ,alex&] ,,ii4 into ! adm9i/ration ( ! k+dom1 & :i*1 9 comb9ation ) _m lib]al & pregnant re=ms 9 ,russia ,prop] appe>$ to (f] to ! ,poles ! prospect ( no inconsid]able influ5ce ov] ! de/9ies ( ! ,russian ,empire1 ! old _s ( national indep5d5ce began to manife/ itself1 & 9 #ahfb1 n )\t enc\ragem5t f ,napoleon ,,iii41 an insurrection broke out at ,w>saw4 ,outside ,w>saw & its imm$iate vic9ity !re is little 9 ,russian ,pol& to int]e/ ! t\ri/4 ,! c\ntry is g5]ally level & monoton\s1 ) wide expanses ( s&1 hea?1 & =e/1 & x is only t[>ds ! nor? & ea/ t ! gr\nd may be said to be heavily timb]$4 ,d5se =e/s /ret* d[n f ! ,russian1 anci5tly ,poli%1 prov9ce ( ,grodno1 & n[ =m ! la/ retreat 9 ,europe ( ! ,bison ,europeans1 ! survivor ( ! ,auro*s 7,bos primig5ius71 :i* is suppos$ to h be5 ! orig9al /ock ( our horn$ cattle4 ,al?\gh mu* worri$ by ! wolf1 ! be>1 & ! lynx1 ! bison is /rictly pres]v$ f ! hunt]1 & are n !re=e likely to disappe> l ! ,bos ,am]icanus1 or buffalo1 :i* has s long be5 ru?lessly slaught]$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,int]sp]s$ among ^! b>r5 or wood$ tracts are areas conta9+ "s ( ! f9e/ corn-be>+ soil 9 ,europe1 supply+ f "t immemorial va/ quantities ( sup]ior gra9 = %ipm5t f ports 9 ! ,baltic4 ,x is produc$ on ! l>g] e/ates ( two hundr$ to fifte5 hundr$ acres1 belong+ to m ?an eight ?\s& proprietors4 ,! peasantry1 :o hold m ?an #bdj1jjj f>ms--seldom exce$+ =ty acres--contribute next to no?+ t[>ds exportation1 _! mode ( agriculture be+ almo/ z rude z t ( ! ,russian peasantry1 & _! habits ( life b little sup]ior1 especially 9 ! matt] ( dr9k4 ,t[ns1 l>ge & small1 occur m frequ5tly ?an 9 ,russia1 & :ile "s are ri* & indu/rial1 o!rs--we may say ! great majority--are poor & squalid1 af=d+ no accommodation t w\ld r5d] possible ! visit ( ev5 ! lea/ fa/idi\s travell]4 ,consequ5tly we conf9e ourselves to ,w>saw1 :i* we take on our way by rail to or f ,/4 ,pet]sburg or ,mosc[4 ,f\nd$ 9 ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 &1 dur+ ! ,pia/ p]iod1 ! seat ( ! appanag$ ,dukes ( ,masovia1 ,w>szawa1 replac$ ,crac[ z ! resid5ce ( ! ,poli% k+s & !re=e z ! capital ( ,pol&1 on ! election ( ,sigismund ,,iii4 7#aehf74 ,x has n[ a population ( ab\t #dde1jjj1 n includ+ ! ,russian g>rison ( #ca1ejj (fic]s & m54 ,! left bank ( ! ,vi/ula1 on :i* ,w>saw is *iefly built1 is high1 & ! pretty1 gay1 & animat$ city1 ) its /ately l9es ( /reets1 wide squ>es1 & spaci\s g>d5s1 is picturesquely dispos$ along ! br[ ( ! cliff & on ! pla9s above4 ,across ! broad s&y b$ ( ! /ream1 "h %all[1 ev]-*ang+1 & divid$ z ,pol& itself1 & :i* is on its way f ! ,c>pa?ians to ! ,baltic1 is ! ,prague suburb1 :i*1 =m]ly =tifi$1 has nev] recov]$ f ! assault by ,suvor(f 9 #agid1 :5 its sixte5 ?\s& inhabitants 7 indiscrim9ately put to ! sword4 ,a va/ panorama spreads out 9 e direction f ?is melan*oly & dirty po9t ( vantage4 ,opposite is ! ,zamek1 or ca/le1 built by ! ,dukes ( ,masovia1 & enl>g$ & re/or$ by sev]al ( ! ,poli% k+s1 f ,sigismund ,,iii4 to ,/anislas ,augu/us ,poniatovski4 ,its pictures & objects ( art are n[ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & ,mosc[1 & ! old royal ap>tm5ts are occupi$ by ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al4 ,! squ>e 9 front ( ! ca/le 0 ! sc5e ( ! la/ ,poli% demon/rations1 9 #ahfa1 :5 x 0 twice /a9$ ) blood4 ,9 ! ,/>e ,mia/o1 or ,old ,t[n1 /rongly old ,g]man 9 aspect1 /&s ! ca!dral1 built 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 & re/or$ on ! la/ occasion by ,k+ ,john ,sobieski4 ,a /ill m anci5t sacr$ edifice is ! ,*ur* ( ,our ,lady 9 ! ,nove ,mia/o1 or ,new ,t[n2 b x c]ta9ly reta9s no traces ( deep antiquity4 ,beyond ! great ,sapieha & ,si]akovski ,b>racks t[]s ! ,alex&] ,citadel1 ) its outly+ =tifications1 built 9 #ahcb-ce1 at ! exp5se ( ! city1 z a p5alty = ! insurrection 9 #ahcj4 ,9 ! same direction1 b a consid]able di/ance f ! t[n1 is ,m>iemont1 ! c\ntry seat ( ! consort ( ,john ,sobieski2 also ,kaskada1 a place ( ent]ta9m5t mu* frequ5t$ by ! inhabitants ( ,w>saw1 & ,bielany1 a pretty spot on ! ,vi/ula comm&+ a f9e view4 ,! *ur*es & *apels1 mo/ly ,roman ,ca?olic1 are num]\s 7eighty-five71 & s are ! mona/]ies & conv5ts 7tw5ty-two74 ,ne> ,novi ,sviat 7,new ,_w7 ,/reet1 we f9d ! ,av5ues1 or ,*amps ,elysees1 bord]$ by f9e lime-trees1 9 front ( elegant private resid5ces4 ,cross+ a l>ge squ>e1 9 :i* ! troops are ex]cis$1 & ! milit>y hospital at ,uiazdov1 =m]ly a ca/le ( ! k+s ( ,pol&1 we rea* ! f9e p>k ( ,lazi5ki1 a c\ntry seat ( mu* elegance built by ,k+ ,/anislas ,augu/us1 & n[ ! resid5ce ( ! ,emp]or :5 he visits ,w>saw4 ,! ceil+s ( ?is *ateau 7 pa9t$ by ,bacci>elli1 & its walls are hung ) portraits ( num]\s beautiful wom54 ,contigu\s to ! ,lazi5ki ,p>k are ! ext5sive g>d5s ( ! ,belv$]e ,palace1 9 :i* ! ,poles attempt$ 9 #ahcj to get rid ( _! vic]oy1 ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e4 ,we drive h5ce 9 less ?an an h\r to "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ places ne> ,w>saw4 ,?is is ! ,ca/le ( ,villanov1 built by ,john ,sobieski1 :o di$ 9 x4 ,to ?is retreat he br\ght back ! trophies ( 8 mighty de$s 9 arms1 & "h s\ght repose aft] driv+ ! ,turks f ! walls ( ,vi5na4 ,! *ateau1 n[ ! prop]ty ( ,c\ntess ,potocka1 is full ( hi/orical portraits1 objects ( art1 & o!r curiosities1 ( :i* ! mo/ int]e/+ is ! magnific5t suit ( arm\r pres5t$ by ! ,pope to ,sobieski 9 memory ( 8 great victory4 ,! ap>tm5ts ( 8 beautiful consort are ( great elegance4 ,9 ! gall]y ( pictures we notice an admirable ,rub5s--! ,dea? ( ,s5eca2 al?\gh we are m /rongly attract$ by an orig9al portrait ( ,bacon1 :i* is b little kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hotel ,,de ,,ville1 ,,w>saw4 ,= want ( space1 aga9 we mu/ plead guilty ( omitt+ to describe _m palatial resid5ces1 & sev]al noticeable monum5ts1 among :i* is "o to ,cop]nicus1 ! ,poli% f\nd] ( mod]n a/ronomy4 ,on ! same gr\nd we pass ov] h&some public build+s1 !atres1 g>d5s & cemet]ies1 9 "o ( :i*1 ! ,evangelical ,cemet]y1 is buri$ ,john ,cock]ell1 to :om ,belgium owes s mu* ( h] indu/rial prosp]ity4 ,,kief1 ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,pilgramage ,j4 ,,beav+ton ,,atk9son ,kief1 ! ,j]usalem ( ,russia1 is by nature m>k$ = di/9ction2 %e rises l an ,etruscan city f ! pla92 %e is flank$ by =tifications2 %e is pleasantly clo!d by trees1 & height beyond height is cr[n$ by ca/le or by *ur*4 ,fifty ?\s& pilgrims annually1 _m ( :om are footsore f long & we>y j\rney+1 ?r[ !mselves on _! knees z !y see ! sacr$ city f af>3 h] holy places %9e 9 ! sun z a light set ^u a hill :i* _c be hid4 ,?ree holy %r9es :i* ,i c recall to m9d--,kief1 ,assisi1 & ,j]usalem--are alike =tunate 9 comm& ( situation2 ! approa* to ea* is mo/ impressive4 ,9 ,kief p>ticul>ly ! natural l&scape is height5$ 9 pictorial effect by ! picturesque gr\ps ( pilgrims1 /aves 9 h& & wallets on back1 :o may be se5 at all h\rs ( ! day clamb]+ up ! hill1 re/+ "u ! %ad[ ( a tree1 or rev]5tly b[+ ! head at ! s\nd ( a conv5t bell4 ,kief is n "o city1 b ?ree cities1 ea* ) its own =tification4 ,! old t[n1 /rong 9 position1 & enclos+ )9 its circuit ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,sophia & ! ,palace ( ! ,metropolitan1 0 9 remote ages a ,sclavonian ,pan!on1 sacr$ to ! ,russian ,jupit] & o!r savage gods4 ,! new t[n1 sep>at$ f ! old t[n by a deep rav9e1 /&s on a broad plat=m :i* rises precipit\sly f ! banks ( ! ,dniep]4 ,! walls are massive1 ! =t is /rong1 & ! fam\s mona/]y1 ! fir/ 9 rank 9 ,russia1 ) its gilt & col\r$ domes1 %9es f out ! %ade ( a deep wood4 ,! ?ird division1 ! ,t[n ( ! ,vale1 situat$ betwe5 ! hills & ! riv]1 is *iefly devot$ to comm]ce4 ,)\t mu* /ret* ( fancy x might be said t ,kief1 l ,rome1 ,lisbon & "s o!r cities1 is built on sev5 hills4 ,& ?us ! pictorial aspect *anges almo/ at e /ep2 a w9d+ pa? w br+ to view an unsuspect$ height1 or op5 up a valley previ\sly hid4 ,! travell] has 9 ! c\rse ( 8 w&]+s (t5 to feel ?ankful t a k9d provid5ce has plant$ sacr$ places 9 ! mid/ ( lovely sc5]y4 ,! holy m\nta9 at ,v>allo1 ! sacr$ hill at ,orta1 are1 l ! %r9es ( ,kief1 made d\bly pleasant = pilgrimage ?r\gh ! beauties ( nature by :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,x is said t at ! mona/]y ( ! ,gr&e ,*>treuse ! monks d n p]mit !mselves to look too mu* at ! outw>d l&scape1 le/ _! he>ts %\ld by ! lovel9ess ( e>? be e/rang$ f heav54 ,i d n ?9k t ,russian prie/s or pilgrims incur any su* dang]4 ,:5 !y are nei!r pray+ nor eat+ !y are sleep+2 9 %ort1 ,i did n among ! motley multitude see a s+le eye op5 to ! lovel9ess ( col\r 9 ! sky above1 or to ! beauty ( =m 9 ! e>? b5ea?4 ,x is s+ul> h[ obtuse ^! p are2 ,i h notic$ 9 a cr[d$ railway c>riage t n a face w\ld be turn$ to ! glory ( ! sett+ sun1 b if a *ur* t[] came into view on ! di/ant horizon1 e h& 0 rais$ to make ! sign ( ! cross4 ,:ile tak+ my obs]vations among ! pilgrims at ,kief ,i 0 /ruck ) ! fact1 n only t a sup]/iti\s fai?1 b t a degrad$ art bl9ds ! eye to ! beauty ( nature4 ,x is "o ( ! high s]vices ( true art to lead ! m9d to ! contemplation1 to ! love & ! bett] und]/&+1 ( ! works ( creation4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 x is ! p5alty ( ?is ,byzant9e art to close ! appo9t$ access betwe5 nature & nature's ,god4 ,an art :i* ignores & violates tru? & beauty _c d o!rwise ?an lead ! m9d away f nature4 ,?is seem$ "o ( ! sev]al lessons taught by ,kief1 ! city ( pilgrimage4 ,sket*]s ( "* & co/ume w f9d excell5t /udies among ! pilgrims ( ,kief4 ,! upp] & educat$ classes1 :o 9 ,russia are assimilat+ ) _! equals 9 o!r nations1 & are !re=e n tempt+ to ! p5cil or ! bru%1 d n1 z we h already se51 come 9 any numb]s to ^! sacr$ %r9es4 ,x is ! l[] ord]s1 :o /ill pres]ve ! mann]s & cu/oms ( _! ance/ors1 t make ^! *ur* fe/ivals s attractive to ! arti/4 ,! v>iety ( races br\ght toge!r f af>--a div]sity only possibly )9 an empire1 l ,russia1 made up ( het]og5e\s mat]ials--might s]ve n only to fill a portfolio1 b to illu/rate a volume2 ! e?nologi/ equally ) ! pa9t] w\ld f9d at ! "t ( great fe/ivities curi\s specim5s ( humanity4 ,i rememb] "s ye>s ago to h met ) ! ,fr5* arti/1 ,m4 ,!odore ,val]io1 :5 he _h br\ght home ! ,album ,e?nographique f ,hung>y1 ,croatia1 & ! m di/ant bord]s ( ! ,danube4 ,x 0 q refre%+1 aft] ! inf9ite numb] ( co/ume-/udies ,i _h se5 f ,italian peasantry1 to f9d t art _h ! possibility ( an entirely new sph]e among ! ,sclavonic races4 ,a l field = any pa9t] ( ent]prise is n[ op5 9 ,russia4 ,! l>ge & fam\s composition1 ,! ,butt] ,week 7,c>nival7 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 by ,c4 ,mak[ski1 may s]ve to indicate ! hi!rto undevelop$ pictorial res\rces ( ! empire4 ,:5 ! conditions are new !re is a possibility t ! art may be new also4 ,! e?nology1 ! physical geography1 ! climate1 ! religion1 ! products ( ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 s f> z !y are peculi> to ,russia1 w "s day become reflect$ into ! national art4 ,x is true t ! pa9t] may occasionally feel a want ( col\r1 ! co/umes ( ! peasant are apt to be dull & heavy1 yet n unfrequ5tly rags & tatt]s br+ comp5sation by picturesque outl9es & pa9table surface-textures4 ,at ,kief1 h[ev]1 ! travell] is suffici5tly s\? & ea/ to fall 9 ) w>m s\!rn hues & ,ori5tal h>monies1 brok5 & enri*$1 moreov]1 among ! l[] ord]s by t engra9$ dirt :i* ,i h usually not$ z ! special privilege & pr]ogative ( pilgrims 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! use ( soap w\ld seem to be acc\nt$ z sacrilege on religi\s s5tim5t4 ,:at ) du/1 & :at ) sun1 ! wayf>]s :o toil up ! heights lead+ to ! holy hill h ga9$ a col\r :i* a ,murillo w\ld delight 94 ,! face & neck bronz$ by ! hot sun tell out gr&ly f a fl[+ mass ( hair wor?y ( a patri>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dniep] ,,at ,,kief4 ,begg>s1 :o 9 ,russia are z ?ick ab\t ! *ur*es z ! pigeons t pick up crumbs 9 front ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 are almo/ ess5tial to ! hi/rionic panoramas at ^! places ( pilgrimage4 ,i h nev] se5 s l>ge or s v>i$ a collection ( pr(essional & casual m5dicants z )9 & ab\t ! sacr$ enclosures ( ,kief4 ,"s appe>$ to enjoy ve/$ rights2 ^! privileg$ p]sonages w\ld z little endure to be driv5 f a fav\r$ po/ z ) u a sweep] at a cross+ w\ld tol]ate a rival broom4 ,sev]al ( ^! wait]s ^u *>ity might be t]m$ lit]>y begg>s2 _! function is to read al\d f a l>ge book 9 ! he>+ ( ! pass]s-by4 ,!y are (t5 infirm1 & occasionally bl9d1 b !y read j ! same4 ,ano!r class may be call$ ! incurables2 9 ,engl& !y w\ld be kept out ( sight1 b "h 9 ,russia1 runn+ sores1 mutilat$ h&s & legs1 are valuable z /ock-9-trade4 ,loa?some diseases are ?ru/ =w>d z a ?reat1 di/ort$ limbs are extortionate = alms2 x is a pite\s sight to see2 "s ( ^! sad objects are 9 ! jaws ( dea?1 & come app>5tly t !y may die on holy gr\nd4 ,ano!r class may be call$ ! pi\s begg>s2 !y /& at ! *ur* doors2 !y are picturesque & apo/olic2 long be>ds & quiet be>+1 ) a c]ta9 pr(essional get-up ( mis]y & desolation1 make ^! sacr$ m5dicants gr& aft] _! k9d4 ,su* figures are usually rang$ on ei!r side ( ! *ief entrance2 !y are motionless z /atues1 save :5 9 ! imm$iate act ( solicit+ alms2 inde$ ,i h sometimes notic$ h[ begg>s /&+ be=e a *ur* facade are sugge/ive ( /atu>y1 ! want ( :i* is s mu* felt 9 ! unsculpturesque ar*itecture ( ,russia4 ,pilgrims & begg>s--! l9e ( dem>cation x is n always easy to def9e--h an ,ori5tal way ( ?r[+ !mselves into easy & pa9table attitudes2 9 fact po/ure plays a conspicu\s "p 9 ! devotions ( su* p2 !y pray bodily almo/ m ?an m5tally1--! figure & its att5dant co/ume become in/rum5ts ( wor%ip4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,sophia1 :i* dates back to ! ,elev5? ,c5tury1 is ( int]e/ f its resemblance to ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 9 ! plan ( ! ,greek cross1 9 ! use ( domes & gall]ies1 & 9 ! introduction ( mosaics z surface-decorations4 ,i saw ! gall]ies full ( fa%ionable wor%ipp]s2 ! gall]ies 9 ,/4 ,m>k's on ! contr>y1 are always empty & useless1 ?\gh con/ruct$ = use4 ,9 ! apse are ! only old mosaics ,i h met ) 9 ,russia2 x is /range t an art :i* specially p]ta9s to ,byzantium 0 n turn$ to m acc\nt by ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur*4 ,!re is 9 ! apse1 besides1 a subject composition1--a noble female figure1 colossal 9 size1 ! arms uprais$ 9 attitude ( pray]1 ! drap]y ca/ broadly & symmetrically4 ,9 ! same int]ior are associat$ ) mosaics1 frescoes1 or r wall-pa9t+s 9 secco4 ,on ! columns :i* support ! cupola are frescoes :i*1 ?\gh ( no art value1 naturally excit$ curiosity :5 !y 7 discov]$ "s few ye>s s9ce1 aft] hav+ be5 hid = two or m c5turies by a cov]+ ( :itewa%4 ,"s o!r wall-pictures are ess5tially mod]n1 & o!rs h be5 re/or$1 aft] ,russian usage1 9 s reckless & :olesale a fa%ion z to be no long] ( value z ar*aeologic records4 ,9 ! /aircase lead+ to ! gall]ies are "s fur!r wall-pa9t+s1 said to be contemporane\s ) ! build+ ( ! ca!dral2 ! date1 h[ev]1 is :olly unc]ta94 ,^! anomal\s compositions repres5t a bo>-hunt & o!r sports1 ) gr\ps ( musicians1 danc]s1 & juggl]s1 int]v5+4 ,9 accord ) ! secul> "* ( ! subjects is ! rude naturalism ( ! /yle4 ,positive k z to date be+ want+1 x is impossible to speak ( ^! works o!rwise ?an to say t !y _c be ( ,byzant9e orig94 ,if ( real antiquity !y w h to jo9 company ) o!r semi-b>b>ic products 9 metal1 etc41 :i* prove1 z we h se51 t ,russia has two hi/oric s*ools1 ! ,byzant9e1 on ! "o h&1 debilitat$ & ref9$1 z ( p]iods ( decl9e1 &1 on ! o!r1 a non-,byzant9e & b>b>\s /yle1 /rong & co>se z ( races /ill vital & vigor\s4 ,a l conflict is f\nd 9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy betwe5 ! ,byzant9e & ! ,lomb>d mann]2 & ev5 9 ,engl& ! we/ front ( ,wells ,ca!dral pres5ts ! same unresolv$ contradictions4 ,x w\ld seem t ov] ! great] "p ( ,europe1 ,ea/]n z well z ,we/]n1 ^! two ho/ile arts 7 practic$ contemporane\sly2 at all ev5ts ! same build+s are f\nd to display ! two opposite /yles4 ,x w\ld appe> probable1 h[ev]1 t ! respective arti/s or artisans belong$ to at lea/ two di/9ct nationalities4 ,! ,pe*]skoi ,mona/]y1 or ,kievo-,pe*]skaya ,lavra1 at ,kief1 ! ,kreml9 9 ,mosc[1 & ! gr& mona/]y ( ,troitza1 h ?is 9 common1 t ! situation is comm&+1 ! site elevat$4 ,also1 ^! ?ree v5]able sanctu>ies are /rongholds1 = ?\gh ! holy places at ,kief are n on all sides =tifi$1 yet ! approa* f ! old city1 :i* is ! mo/ accessible1 lies along ba/ions & walls4 ,9 fact1 "h we h aga9 a semblance to ! anci5t idea ( a *ur*1 a citadel1 & a palace unit$1 z 9 an acropolis--! ,*ur* & ! ,/ate be+ "o2 ! arm ( ! fle% su/a9+ ! sword ( ! _s1--a condition ( ?+s :i* has always giv5 to ! _w its noble/ art4 ,! walk to ?is mo/ anci5t mona/]y 9 ,russia passes pleasantly by ! side ( a wood2 !n op5s a view ( ! va/ pla9 b5ea?1 int]sect$ by ! riv] ,dniep]1 ov] :i* is flung ! great susp5sion-bridge built by ! ,engli% eng9e]1 ,*>les ,vignolles1 at ! co/ ( ,l#cej1jjj4 ,! imm$iate approa* is l9$ ) op5 %ops or /alls = ! sale ( sacr$ pictures1 engrav+s ( sa9ts1 & o!r articles :i* pilgrims love to c>ry back to _! homes4 ,)9 ! enclosure trees ?r[ a cool %ade1 "u :i*1 z 9 ! c\rty>ds ( mosques 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ! hot & we>y may repose4 ,! ca!dral d$icat$ to ! asc5sion ( ! ,virg91 has n ! slighte/ pret5ce to ext]nal ar*itecture4 ,! walls are mo/ly :itewa%$1 & "s ( ! w9d[s h common squ>e heads cr[n$ by mean p$im5ts2 ! int]v5+ pila/]s & floral decorations 9 relief1 & all 9 ! mid/ ( :itewa%1 are ( ! poore/ "*4 ,! sev5 gild$ cupolas or domes may be comp>$ to inv]t$ cups surm\nt$ by crosses4 ,! =m resembles ! cup commonly comb9$ 9 ! fanta/ic t[]s & spires ( ,prote/ant *ur*es 9 ,g]many1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x has be5 suppos$ to signify t ! laity p>take ( ! *alice4 ,^! domes are made fur!r decorative at ! po9t ( ! small circul> neck :i* connects ! cupola ) ! upp] memb] or f9ial2 ar\nd ?is surface is pa9t$ a cont9u\s s]ies ( s+le sa9ts /&+2 ! effect ( ^! pictures aga9/ ! sky1 if n q arti/ic1 is /rik+4 ,o!r p>ts ( ! ext]ior may indicate ,italian r ?an ,ori5tal orig91 b ! /yle is f> too mongrel to boa/ ( any legitimate p>5tage4 ,"h1 z 9 ! ,kreml91 are ext]nal wall-pa9t+s ( sa9ts1 "s /&+ on solid gr\nd1 o!rs sitt+ among cl\ds2 ! ,madonna is ( c\rse ( ! company1 & ! ,fir/ & ,second ,p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity cr[n ! composition4 ,! ideas are trite & ! treatm5t is contemptible--! col\rs pass f dirty r$ into br[n & black4 ,^! c]ta9ly are ! wor/ wall-pa9t+s ,i h ev] met )1 worse ev5 ?an ! co>se/ pa9t$ %r9es on ! waysides ( ,italy2 inde$ no ,*ur* save ! ,greek ,*ur* w\ld tol]ate an art ?us debas$4 ,a ye> aft] my j\rney to ,kief ,i travell$ ?r\gh ! ,tyrol on my way f ! ,amm]gau ,passion ,play4 ,! :ole ( ?is di/rict ab\nds 9 frescoes1 _m be+ on ! ext]nal walls ( private dwell+s4 ,?is village art ( ! ,bav>ian ,highl&s1 ?\gh (t5 ! h&iwork ( simple artisans1 puts to %ame bo? ! ext]nal & ! int]nal wall-pa9t+s at ,kief1 ,troitza1 & ! ,kreml94 ,yet ?is contra/ betwe5 ,russia & ,s\!rn nations does n arise s mu* f ! high] ability ( ! arti/s1 z f ! sup]iority ( ! "o s*ool to ! o!r s*ool4 ,! pictorial arts fo/]$ by ! ,we/]n ,*ur* are fundam5tally true1 :ile ! arts :i* ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* has patroniz$ & petrifi$ are ess5tially false & effete4 ,! sc5e :i* /rikes ! eye on ent]+ ?is p>ti-col\r$ ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption1 ?\gh /range1 is highly picturesque4 ,to ?is holy %r9e are br\ght ! halt1 ! lame1 & ! bl9d1 z to ! mov+ ( ! wat]s4 ,"s press =w>d to kiss ! foot ( a crucifix1 o!rs b[ ! head & kiss ! gr\nd1 a s]vile attitude ( wor%ip1 :i* 9 ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur* has be5 borr[$ f ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,! gr\ps :i* ?rong ! n>r[1 cr[d$ floor1 are wond]fully effective2 an arti/ ) sket*-book 9 h& w\ld h _m a good *ance ( cat*+ graphic heads & co/umes1 & all ! m easily because ^! pilgrims are n s lively z le?>gic4 ,/ill1 = gr& sc5ic impression1 ,i h nev] 9 ,russia witness$ any *ur* function s /rik+ z ! piazza 9 front ( ,/4 ,pet]'s on ,ea/] ,day1 :5 all ,rome flocks to receive ! ,pope's bless+ f ! balcony4 ,yet ! :ole int]ior ( ?is ca!dral is itself a picture1 or r a c\ntless succession ( pictures2 z to ! ar*itecture !re is n ! m9ute/ space t has n be5 emblazon$ by aid ( a pa9t-pot4 ,b ! greate/ m>vel 9 ?is ,ca!dral ( ! ,assumption is ! icono/as1 or scre5 = ! sacr$ pictures1 a /ructure indisp5sable to all ,russian *ur*es1 ( :i* ,i h )held ! description till n[1 :5 ,i f9d myself 9 front ( a l>ge & m a/\nd+ erection ?an c be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,mosc[1 or ,troitza4 ,9 small *ur*es ^! sacr$ plac>ds1 be>+ ! "* ( drop-sc5es1 are apt to be paltry1 inde$ ! irrev]5t /rang] may ev5 be rem9d$ ( pa9t$ c>avans at village fairs4 ,b 9 l>ge ca!drals ! scre5 :i* /&s betwe5 ! p 9 ! nave & ! prie/s 9 ! holy ( holies1 pres5ts a va/ facade1 ^u :i* are rang$1 9 ?ree1 f\r1 or five /ories1 a multitude ( sacr$ pictures cov]$ ) gold & deck$ ) jewels4 ,^! elaborate contrivances correspond to ! r]$os 9 ,we/]n *ur*es1 only ) ?is important diff]5ce1 t !y are n beh9d ! holy place b 9 front ( x4 ,!y might1 p]haps1 ) m correctness be comp>$ to ! rood-scre5s :i* 9 our *ur*es /& betwe5 ! alt> & ! p4 ,! sacr$ scre5 n[ be=e me m\nts its head into ! dome1 & pres5ts an impos+ & ev5 an ar*itectonic aspect1 b c]ta9 details1 su* z classic m\ld+s ( columns1 & a brok5 entablature1 pron\nce ! edifice to be comp>atively mod]n4 ,! summit is fitly cr[n$ by a crucifix1 almo/ 9 ! flat1 9 ord] n to evade ! law ( ! ,russian ,*ur*1 :i* prohibits /atues 9 ! r\nd2 ! figure ( ,*ri/ is silv]1 ! cross & ! drap]y ( gold or silv]-gilt4 ,on ei!r side ( ! crucifix /& 9 _! prescriptive /ations ! ,madonna & ,/4 ,john4 ,on ! /ory b5ea? comes ! entombm5t1 all cov]$ ) gold & silv]1 9 a l[-relief :i* indicates ! =ms ( ! figures b5ea?2 ! heads1 :i* are n 9 relief b m]ely pictorial1 are ! only portions ( ! picture actually visible4 ,^! alt>-scre5s1 :i* 9 ,russia are c\nt$ n by t5s b by hundr$s & ?\s&s1 are highly ornate4 ,silv] & gold & jewell]y are conjo9$ ) pa9t+ aft] ! nurs]y & doll-l fa%ion approv$ 9 ! ,s\? ( ,spa9 & at ,naples4 ,only 9 ! mo/ corrupt ( ,roman ,ca?olic capitals does ecclesia/ical art assume ! *ildi% =ms common 9 ,russia4 ,resum+ ! description ( ! above alt>-scre51 we f9d next 9 range bel[ ! entombm5t a l>ge composition1 compris+ ,god ! ,fa!r surr\nd$ by *]ubs1 ) two full-gr[n s]aphs1 encircl$ by six gold w+s1 /&+ on ei!r side4 ,aga91 ! only p>ts ( ! picture p]mitt$ to be se5 are ! heads1 cross$ h&s1 black legs & feet4 ,*ri/ ) ! op5 book ( judgm5t is ano!r conspicu\s figure2 also a companion head1 gigantic 9 size1 is ! ,madonna1 directly ,byzant9e 9 type1 ?\gh its smoo? & well-kept surface gives little sign ( age4 ,! ,*ri/1 too1 mu/ be acc\nt$ b z mod]niz$ ,byzant9e2 "h is none ( ! sev]ity or ( ! t5uity ( ! e>ly p]iods4 ,! type is poor ?\gh ref9$1 debilitat$ ?\gh ideal4 ,! hair1 p>t$ on ! =ehead1 falls ?ickly on ! %\ld]s4 ,! face is y\?ful1 n m ?an ?irty1 & )\t a wr9kle2 ! *eeks are a little flu%$1 ! prevail+ expression is placidity4 ,! accessories ( glory1 drap]y1 & op5 book are highly decorative2 "h emboss$ patt]ns on ! gold cov]+s enhance ! ri*ness ( ! surface-ornam5t4 ,once aga9 ! ,russians appe> supreme 9 metal-"w1 especially 9 ! elaboration ( decoration 9 ! flat4 ,mo/ ( ! pictures above m5tion$ are evid5tly supremely holy2 !y are black & highly gild$2 moreov]1 !y move mo/ deeply all sorts & conditions ( m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,i may "h aga9 m5tion t "o purpose ( my ,russian j\rney 0 to discov] :e!r !re 7 heads ( ,*ri/ 9 ! possession ( ! ,russian ,*ur* old] or nobl] ?an ! ivory c>v+s1 ! frescoes1 or easel pictures :i* are f\nd 9 ,italy & o!r ,s\!rn or ,we/]n nations4 ,& ,i 01 ,i confess1 disappo9t$ n to meet ) any data :i* c\ld mat]ially enl>ge or enri* ?is mo/ int]e/+ ( subjects4 ,z to priority ( date1 x seems to be entirely on ! side ( ! ,roman catacombs & ! ,lat9 ,*ur*2 moreov]1 9 ,russia1 z ,i be=e frequ5tly rem>k$1 *ronology is untru/wor?y1 inasmu* z comp>atively mod]n works assume & p>ody ! /yle ( ! mo/ anci5t4 ,! heads ( ,*ri/ 9 ,russia1 "o ( :i* has be5 j describ$1 are1 z already said1 m or less s]vile reproductions ( ,byzant9e types4 ,/ill ! typical =m is f\nd "u v>y+ phases2 ! g5]al t5d5cy 9 ^! replicas ( ant]ior orig9als w\ld appe> to be t[>ds ! mitigation ( ! asp]ities 9 ! confirm$ ,byzant9e =mulas4 ,?us ! m rec5t heads ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,mosc[1 ,troitza & ,kief1 assume a c]ta9 mod]n mann]1 & occasionally we> a smoo?1 pretty & ornam5tal aspect4 ,9 ^! v>iations on ! prescriptive ,ea/]n type1 ! hair usually fl[s d[n ^u ! %\ld]s1 z ) ! ,greek & ,russian ,prie/s 9 ! pres5t day4 ,z to ! be>d1 x is ?ick & full1 or %ort & scant1 b ! *eeks are left uncov]$1 & %[ an elongat$ face & *94 ,^! ,russian heads ( ! ,savi\r 9 s(t5+ d[n ! sev]e & ag$ type common to ,byzantium1 assume a physiognomy n suffici5tly intellectual = ! ,greate/ ( ,tea*]s4 ,^! images 9 fact inspire little rev]5ce except ) bl9d wor%ipp]s2 !y are mo/ly wr\ght up & r5ovat$1 s z to fulfil ! preconceiv$ conditions ( sanctity3 undef9$ g5]ality1 weakness1 smoo?ness1 & blackness1 are ! common *>act]i/ics ( ^! supposititi\s heads ( ! ,savi\r4 ,x w ?us aga9 be easily und]/ood h[ opposite has be5 ! practice ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ur*es2 x is a /rik+ fact t at ! "t :51 9 ,italy1 "u ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,raphael & o!rs1 ! my/]y ( a ,god manife/ 9 ! fle% _h be5 z x 7 solv$ by a p]fect$ art1 ?is ,russian ,*ur* 0 /ill "u bondage to ! once accept$ b n[ disc>d$ notion t ! ,r$eem] ought to be repres5t$ z "o :o _h no =m or comel9ess4 ,art 9 ! ,we/]n _w ga9$ access to ! beautiful1 ! p]fect1 & ! div9e1 z soon z x 0 p]mitt$ to ! pa9t] or ! sculptor to develop to utt]mo/ p]fection ! idea ( ! ,man-,god4 ,all su* conceptions ( ! inf9ite1 :e!r x be t ( ,jupit] 9 pagan p]iods1 or ( ,*ri/ "u our div9e disp5sation1 h always be5 ! life & inspiration ( ! arts4 ,b 9 ,russia ignoble heads ( ,*ri/ conv9c$ me t su* life & inspiration 7 d5i$4 ,& ,i look ^u ! head ( ,*ri/ z ! turn+ po9t 9 ! ,*ri/ian art ( a nation4 ,if t head be conceiv$ ( unwor?ily !re is no possibility t prophets1 apo/les1 m>tyrs1 %all receive _! due4 ,illu/ration3 ,,la ,,lavra1 ,,kief4 ,,nijni-,,novgorod ,,antonio ,,gall5ga ,nijni-,novgorod1 or ,l[] ,new-t[n1 is old] ?an ,mosc[1 & only n s old z ,novgorod ! ,great1 :i* 0 a contempor>y ( ,v5ice1 & 0 /ill new :5 ! semi-fabulaus ,ruric & 8 ,v>angians are suppos$ to h giv5 _! "n to ,russia4 ,nijni-,novgorod1 :i* ev]ybody "h calls simply ,nijni1 dates f #abbb2 & m5tion ( its fair occurs1 we are told1 9 #acff1 s9ce :i* epo* its celebration has suff]$ v r>e & only viol5t int]ruption4 ,to und]/& :y ?is v5]able spot %\ld h be5 = s _m ye>s1 & %\ld be /ill1 s ext5sively fav\r$ by ! _w's trade1 x is h>dly necess>y to see x4 ,we only ne$ be> 9 m9d t ,nijni lies ne> ! conflu5ce ( ! ,oka & ! ,volga1 two ( ! greate/ riv]s ( ?is ,russia :i* alone ( all c\ntries ( ,europe may be said to h great riv]s2 ! ,volga hav+ a c\rse ( #b1cbj miles1 & ! ,oka1 a m]e tribut>y1 ( #hej miles4 ,x is ! position :i* ! ,sao5e & ! ,rhone h made = ,lyons2 ! position = :i* ,/4 ,l\is is indebt$ to ! ,mississippi & ,miss\ri2 ! position :i* ,cori5tes w soon owe to ! ,p>ana & ! ,p>aguay4 ,nijni lies at ! v c5tre ( t wat] communication :i* jo9s ! ,caspian & ! ,black ,sea to ! ,:ite ,sea & ! ,baltic1 & :i*1 7 x always summ]1 might almo/ h enabl$ ,russia to disp5se ) roads & railroads4 ,b ,nijni is1 besides1 ! t]m9us ( ! railway f ,mosc[4 ,t l9e places ?is t[n & its fair 9 communication ) all ! l9es ( ,russia & ! ,we/]n ,_w1 :ile ! ,volga1 ) its tribut>y1 ! ,kama1 leads to ,p]m1 & ! ,pass ( ! ,ural ,m\nta9s1 & ! va/ regions ( ,sib]ia & ,c5tral ,asia4 ,nijni-,novgorod is ?us "o ( ! mo/ important l9ks betwe5 ! two great cont95ts1 ! po9t ( contact betwe5 ,asiatic weal? & ,european indu/ry2 & its fair ! be/ meet+-place = ! int]*ange ( commodities betwe5 ! nations t /ill walk1 ride1 or r[ at ! rate ( ?ree to five miles an h\r1 & ^? :o fly on ! w+s ( /eam at ! rate ( ?irty to fifty4 ,! site ( ,nijni is some:at l :at ,i /ill rememb] ( ,/4 ,l\is aft] a sev5te5 ye>s' int]val4 ,we travell$ f ,mosc[ ov] a di/ance ( #bgc miles 9 ?irte5 h\rs4 ,= ! la/ h\r or two be=e we rea*$ our j\rney's end1 we _h on our "r ! riv] ,oka & a hilly ridge ris+ all along x & =m+ its s\!rn bank4 ,on alight+ at ! /ation we drove ?r\gh a flat1 m>%y gr\nd1 int]sect$ by broad canals1 to a triangul> space betwe5 ! ,oka & ! ,volga at _! conflu5ce1 :]e ! fair is held4 ,we w5t ?r\gh ! maze ( baza>s & m>ket build+s1 ( r[s ( boo?s1 %ops & /alls1 eat+ & dr9k+ %$s1 w>eh\ses & c\nt+-h\ses4 ,we /ruggl$ ?r\gh long l9es ( heavy-lad5 c\ntry c>ts1 & sw>ms ( clatt]+ droskies1 all /riv+ to =ce _! way along ) t hurry-skurry t adds to confusion & less5s spe$2 & we came at la/ to a long pontoon bridge1 ov] :i* we cross$ ! ,oka1 & beyond :i* rises ! hill-range or rav9e1 on ! top & at ! foot ( :i* is built ! /raggl+ t[n ( ,nijni-,novgorod4 ,nijni-,novgorod is a t[n ( #de1jjj inhabitants1 &1 l mo/ ,russian t[ns1 x occupies a space :i* c\ld accommodate half a million ( p4 ,l _m old ,russian t[ns1 also1 x is laid out on ! patt]n ( ,mosc[1 z f> z its situation all[$2 &1 to keep up ! resemblance1 x boa/s a ,kreml9 ( its own1 a grim1 /ruggl+ citadel ) battlem5t$ walls & m$iaeval t[]s ov] its gates1 ) its scores ( ,byzant9e *ur*es1 mo/ ( !m ) _! five cupolas de rigueur1 clu/]+ toge!r l a bun* ( radi%es--"o big radi% betwe5 f\r little radi%es--b n z lib]ally cov]$ ) gild+ z ^? :i* gli/5 on ! top ( sacr$ build+s 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg or ,mosc[2 d[n ! slopes & rav9es are woods & g>d5s1 ) c(fee-h\ses & eat+-h\ses1 & o!r places ( popul> ent]ta9m5t4 ,x is a t[n to be admir$ on ! outside & at a di/ance z a picture1 b mo/ objectionable z a resid5ce on acc\nt ( its m>vell\s di/ances & murd]\s pavem5t1 a /roll on :i* rem9ds y ( ! m>tyrdom ( ^? holy pilgrims :o1 to give glory to ,god1 walk$ ) dry peas 9 _! %oes4 ,! pavem5ts are bad 9 ,nijni t[n1 b worse 9 ,nijni fair1 = if 9 ! =m] all is h>d1 %>p1 unev5 fl9t1 9 ! latt]1 :at is n wood is mud1 & :at is n mud is du/1 = heavy %[]s alt]nate ) /ifl+ heat2 &1 aft] a ?ree h\rs' dr\ght "o w\ld say t ^! good p1 :o live half 9 & half out ( a swamp1 & :o dr9k any?+ r ?an wat]1 c nev] sp>e a poor drop to slake ! pulv]iz$ clay ( _! mu* trodd5 ?or\ghf>es4 ,) all ^! drawbacks1 h[ev]1 & ev5 ) ! addition ( its villa9\s smells1 ?is is an int]e/+ & /rik+ spot4 ,no place c boa/ ( a m sublime view ?an "o c get "h f ! ,imp]ial ,palace & ,t]race1 or f ! *ur*-domes or spires on ! ,kreml92 or1 ev5 bett]1 f ! ,esplanade ( ,m\ravief's ,folly--a t[] erect$ by ! well-kn[n ,g5]al ( t "n on ! highe/ & =emo/ rav9e1 & on ! summit ( :i* he _h plann$ to place a fac-simile ( ! fam\s ,/rassburg clock1 b con/ruct$ on s gigantic a scale t h\rs & m9utes1 ! moon's phases1 ! planets' cycles & all besides1 %\ld be di/9ctly visible f e locality ( ! t[n & fair = miles & miles ar\nd4 ,f any ( ^? vantage-gr\nds on ! hill look d[n4 ,! t[n is at y\r feet2 ! fair--a city1 a ,babylon ( %ops--/ret*es beyond ! bridge2 ! pla91 a b\ndless ocean ( gre51 field & =e/1 dott$ "h & !re ) *ur*-spires & factory-%afts at prodigi\s di/ances2 & ! two broad riv]s1 be>+ ! tribute ( remote regions f nor? & s\? 9 numb]less boats & light]s1 & neat gallant /eam]s2 ! two /reams meet+ "h at "r angles j bel[ ! pontoon-bridge :]e an imm5se five-dom$ *ur* ( rec5t con/ruction has be5 re>$ to m>k & hall[ ! spot4 ,d[n at ! fair1 9 ! c5tre ( its hubbub1 rises ! gov]nor's summ]-place4 ,! gov]nor dwells !re ) 8 family dur+ ! few weeks ( ! fair 7mid-,augu/ to mid-,septemb]71 com+ d[n hi!r f ! ,imp]ial ,palace 9 ! t[n ,kreml91 & occupy+ ! upp] floor4 ,! :ole basem5t1 ! entrance-hall1 & all passages--) ! exception ( a n>r[1 private1 w9d+ /aircase--are invad$ by ! cr[d & conv]t$ into a baza>1 ! noisie/ 9 ! fair1 :]e !re is incessant life & movem5t1 & music & hurly-burly at e h\r betwe5 noon & night--a lively sc5e ^u :i* 8 ,excell5cy & 8 gue/s & fri5ds look d[n f ! balcony aft] _! five o'clock d9n]1 smok+ _! cig>ettes1 & wat*+ ! policem5 z !y p\nce l tra9$ hawks on ! unw>y pick-pockets pr[l+ among ! cr[d4 ,( ?is imm5se mass ( /rang]s n[ 9 ,nijni1 ! t[n itself1 & especially ! upp] t[n1 sees & he>s b little4 ,! fair has its own gr\nd1 on its own side ( ! bridge1 its own hotels & lodg+-h\ses1 its own *ur*es1 *apels1 !atres1 eat+1 gambl+1 & o!r h\ses1 its long /raight /reets & b\lev>ds1 & pleasure z well z bus9ess resorts4 ,x has its f9e ,*9ese ,r[1 ?\gh ,*9am5 h lately discont9u$ _! att5dance2 x has ri* trad]s' tempor>y homes1 fitt$ up ) com=t1 & ev5 ta/e & luxury2 & x has its *>ity dormitory1 a va/ wood5 %$1 built by ,c\rt ,ignatieff1 & be>+ 8 "n1 int5d$ to accommodate #bej h\seless vagrants1 b alas6 9 a place :]e !re mu/ be #bj1jjj1 if n #bjj1jjj p]sons answ]+ t description4 ,( wom5 com+ to ?is m>ket ! numb] is comp>atively small--"o1 ,i %\ld say1 = e #ajj m52 ( ladies n "o 9 #aj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj4 ,( ^? :o mu/] suffici5tly /rong at ! ev5+ prom5ade on ! ,b\lev>d1 indig5\s or resid5t1 = ! mo/ "p1 r ! look ?an ! numb] is =midable2 & x is "h 9 ,nijni1 z x is g5]ally 9 ,russia1 t a ,mussulman becomes conv9c$ ( ! wisdom ( 8 ,arabian prophet1 :o inv5t$ ! ya%mak z man's be/ protection1 & hall[$ x2 = ( ! *>ms ( mo/ ,russian wom51 bless$ are ^? :o believe )\t see+6 ,9 work+ h\rs only m5 & bea/s are to be se5--a jumble & scramble ( m5 & bea/s3 c>-loads ( goods2 piles ( hog%eads1 b>rels1 bales1 boxes1 & bundles1 m]*&ise ( all k9ds1 ( e %ape1 col\r1 or smell1 all ly+ 9 a mass topsy-turvy1 higgl$y-piggl$y2 ! ?or\ghf>es block$ up1 ! foot-pa?s encumb]$2 *aos & noise all-p]vad+2 & yet1 by degrees1 almo/ imp]ceptibly1 y w see ev]y?+ go+ its way1 f9d+ its own place2 = e bran* ( trade has1 or 0 at lea/ int5d$ to h1 "h its appo9t$ abode2 & !re are ,tea ,r[s2 ,silv]smi?s & ,calico ,/reets2 ,fur ,lanes2 ,soap1 ,c&le1 & ,cavi>e ,alleys2 ,photograph1 ,holy ,images1 & ,prie/ly ,ve/m5ts ,baza>s2 ,boot1 ,slop1 ,tag & ,rag ,m>ts & ,depositories--all 9 _! comp>tm5ts1 k9 ) k91 & l ) l2 & ev]y?+ is made to cle> out ( ! way1 & all is smoo!d d[n2 all subsides into ord] & rule1 & n v late at night--quiet4 ,! ,t>t>s d ! mo/ ( ! "w4 ,!y are ! desc5dants ( ! old w>riors ( ,g5ghis ,khan & ,tim\r ! ,lame1 ( ! ru?less savages :o = #bjj ye>s ov]ran all ,russia1 spread+ dea? & desolation :]ev] _! c\rs]s' ho(s trod1 mak+ slaves ( ! p1 & tribut>y vassals ( _! ,pr9ces2 b1 :o by _! %ort-sight$ policy fav\r$ ! rise ( t dyna/y ( ,mosc[ ,gr& ,pr9ces1 :o pres5tly became /rong en\gh to ext5d _! sway bo? ov] ,russ & ,t>t>4 ,! great m]*ants ( ,mosc[ & ,/4 ,pet]sburg or _! repres5tatives & p>tn]s come "h = a few days1 p>tn]s & cl]ks tak+ up ! task by turns1 accord+ z bus9ess all[s !m abs5ce f _! *ief e/abli%m5ts4 ,!y br+ "h no goods1 b m]ely samples ( goods--tea1 cotton1 wooll5 & l95 tissues1 silk1 cutl]y1 jewell]y1 & g5]ally all articles ( ,european 7home ,russian7 manufacture4 ,!y h mo/ ( !m good ap>tm5ts 9 ! upp] floors ( _! w>eh\ses2 !y see _! cu/om]s1 mo/ly prov9cial retail deal]s2 !y %[ _! samples1 drive _! b>ga9s1 receive ord]s1 att5d on ',*ange 7= !y h a ,b\rse at ! fair1 ne> ! bridge71 smoke indoors 7= 9 ! /reets t indulg5ce is =bidd5 all ov] ! fair = fe> ( fire71 lun* or d9e toge!r (t5 by mutual invitation4 ,!y are g5tlem5ly m51 "y m5 = ! mo/ "p 7= _! eld]s are at home m9d+ ! ma9 bus9ess71 "y ,russians or ,russifi$ ,g]mans1 "s ( :om adopt & ev5 affect & exagg]ate ,russian feel+ & habits2 "y m5 to :om x seems to be a pr9ciple t easy-made money %\ld be readily sp5t2 leisurely1 bus9ess "y m51 :o sit up late & get up lat]1 take ! _w & its "w & pleasure at _! ease2 und]/& little & c>e ev5 less ab\t politics2 pr(ess to be nei!r great read]s nor great ?9k]s2 b are1 z a rule1 free-h&$1 hospitable1 sociable1 mo/ amiable1 & any?+ r ?an un9tellig5t m54 ,( all ! articles ( trade :i* come to c\rt public fav\r 9 ,nijni1 ! mo/ important & valuable is tea2 & al?\gh ! ,mosc[ m]*ants1 by ! excell5ce ( _! sea-f>+ tea1 *iefly import$ f ,odessa or ?r\gh ,engl&1 h almo/ entirely driv5 f ! m>ket ! c>avan tea1 /ill ab\t "o-t5? ( ! enorm\s quantity ( tea sold "h is gr[n 9 ! nor? ( ,*9a1 & comes ov]l& f ,kiakhta1 ! city on ! bord] betwe5 ! ,asiatic-,russian & ! ,cele/ial ,empire4 ,i 0 curi\s to comp>e ! ta/e ( "s ( ! v be/ qualities ( bo? k9ds1 & 0 br\ght to ! conclusion1 confirm$ by ! op9ion ( g5tlem5 int]e/$ 9 ! sale ( sea-f>+ tea1 t1 al?\gh "s ( _! own is m high-flav\r$ & /rong]1 !re is 9 ! ,kiakhta tea an exquisite delicacy1 :i* w always receive 9 its fav\r a high] price4 ,! diff]5ce1 ,i am told1 ma9ly arises f ! fact t ! c>avan tea1 expos$ to ! air dur+ its twelve mon?s' j\rney 9 loose & clumsy & mu*-%ak5 pap] & %eep-sk9 bundles1 gets rid ( ! tann9 & o!r gross sub/ances1 a process ( purification :i* _c be effect$ 9 ! necess>ily seal$ & h]metically-clos$ boxes 9 :i* x rea*es ,europe by ! sea-r\te2 s t if sea-f>+ tea1 l port-w9e1 easily recomm5ds itself to ! ta/e & n]ves ( a /rong1 h>d-work+ man1 a da9ty1 ref9$ lady w give pref]5ce to a cup ( ,kiakhta tea1 z %e w\ld to a glass ( ,*ateau ,yquem4 ,! int]e/ ( a ,european1 h[ev]1 w\ld be *iefly attract$ by :at is less famili> 9 8 own "p ( ! _w2 &1 %ort ( an actual j\rney to ! remote regions ( ,sib]ia & ,c5tral ,asia1 no?+ is calculat$ to give him a m ext5sive idea ( ! produce ( ^? ,trans-,uralian ,russian possessions ?an a survey ( ! goods !y s5d "h = sale4 ,:at a/oni%es a /rang] at fir/ sight is ! quantity4 ,y may walk = h\rs along y>ds & %$s1 ! repositories ( iron f ,sib]ia4 ,y pass hundr$s ( %ops ( mala*ite & lapis-lazuli1 & a v>iety ( gold & silv] "w & preci\s /ones f ! ,caucasus1 cut ) all ! m9ute dilig5ce ( ,asiatic skill4 ,y w see ,turki% c>pets1 ,p]sian silks1 & above all ?+s ! fam\s ,or5burg %awls1 s f9ely knitt$1 & ) su* pati5ce t "o c 7!y say1 b ,i h n made ! exp]im5t71 be made to pass ?r\gh a lady's r+1 ?\gh !y be s broad on all sides z to wrap ! lady all ar\nd f head to foot4 ,"o may1 besides1 h 8 *oice ( hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ^? delightful curiosities & knickknacks1 recomm5dable less = _! qua9tness ?an = ! c]ta9ty "o feels t !re is no possible use 9 ! _w !y may be put to4 ,!re is no novelty at ,nijni2 no new %ape1 patt]n1 or col\r j com+ out to cat* popul> fav\r2 no unkn[n me*anical contrivance2 no discov]y likely to affect human progress & br\ght "h = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! intellig5t1 un-comm]cial visitor4 ,!re are only ! %op-keep] & 8 cu/om]1 ?\gh x is a :olesale %op & on a v l>ge scale4 ,! fair1 moreov]1 has n ! duration t is g5]ally all[$ = an ,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nijni-,,novgorod 7,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,fair74 ,?\gh (ficially op5$ on ! #bg? ( ,july1 ! fair does n beg9 9 good e>ne/ till ! #ah? ( ,augu/2 & x rea*es its height on ! #bg?1 :5 acc\nts are settl$1 & paym5ts ensue2 aft] :i*1 goods are remov$1 & ! gr\nds cle>$2 only a portion ( ! bus9ess l+]+ ?r\gh\t ,septemb]4 ,ab\t half a score ( days1 out ( ! two mon?s dur+ :i* ! fair is held1 are all t may h attraction = ! g5]ality ( /rang]s4 ,& al?\gh _m come f all p>ts ( ,russia1 & f =eign c\ntries1 ,i d n ?9k !y t>ry "h = pleasure beyond two or ?ree days4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to anticipate :at *ange a few weeks w effect 9 ?is sc5e :i* is n[ s full ( life1 bu/le1 & gaiety2 ?is /age1 :]e s great a v>iety ( human be+s f ne>ly all regions ( ! _w1 ) _! money or money's wor?1 ) _! hopes & fe>s1 _! gre$ & extravagance1 all _! good & evil in/9cts & faculties at play4 ,9 a few weeks ! flags w be furl$1 ! t5ts /ruck2 ! pontoon-bridge remov$2 ! %ops clos$2 hotels1 baza>s1 & *ur*es1 all private & public edifices1 utt]ly des]t$ & sil5t2 & e h\se /ripp$ ( ! la/ /ick ( valuable furniture2 e door lock$1 b>r$1 & seal$2 ! place left to take c>e ( itself4 ,= autumn ra9s & spr+ ?aws mu/ set 91 :5 ! sev5 or eight squ>e miles ( ! gr\nd ( ! fair1 z well z ! c\ntry to an imm5se ext5t1 w be "u wat]4 ,,! ,,volga ,,bas9 ,,! ,,great ,,riv]--,,kasan1 ,,ts>itz9--,,a/rakhan ,,antonio ,,gall5ga ,x is h>dly possible to travel on ! ,volga )\t fall+ 9 love ) ! great riv] at fir/ sight4 ,! range ( l[ hills :i* we _h on our "r z we desc5d$ ! ,oka cont9u$ n[ on ! same side z we came d[n ! ,volga4 ,! ,volga1 h[ev]1 has no?+ ( ! wild1 erratic in/9cts ( its tribut>y4 ,x is a gr&1 calm1 dignifi$ /ream1 keep+ to its c\rse z a respectable matron1 & glid+ d[n 9 placid lovel9ess1 )\t weir or leap1 fall or rapids1 or break ( any k9d--a f9e1 broad1 almo/ unrippl$ %eet ( wat]1 ) an ev51 /eady1 & gr&ly monoton\s fl[1 l t ( ! /anzas ( ,tasso4 ,its wid?1 s f> z eye c judge1 does n greatly exce$ t ( ! ,?ames at ,graves5d1 b x is always ! same f ! bridge at ,tw] above ,mosc[ to ! only o!r bridge1 "o mile 9 l5g?1 betwe5 ,syzran & ,sam>a2 ev]y:]e ! same full bump] = a run ( #b1jjj ,engli% miles4 ,?\gh ! ,volga is numb]$ among ! ,european riv]s1 & has its s\rces on ! ,valdai hills betwe5 ! ,european cities1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & ,mosc[1 x is a fronti] /ream1 & seem$ int5d$ to =m ! natural l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 two p>ts ( ! _w--betwe5 two worlds4 ,up to ! middle ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 ,kasan 0 ! advanc$ gu>d ( ! ,t>t> hordes4 ,^! w&]+ tribes1 :i*1 pr(it+ by diss5sions among ! ,russian pr9ces1 ov]came & ov]ran all ,russia1 weak5$ 9 _! turn by division1 fell back f ! ma9 "p ( ! invad$ t]ritory1 b /ill held = "s "t _! own on ! ,volga1 f ,kasan to ,a/rakhan1 till !y 7 utt]ly r\t$ & br\ght "u ,russian sway by ,ivan ! ,t]rible4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 ?\gh _! /r5g? 0 brok51 _! _s 0 untam$4 ,! m5 ( high w>rior ca/e :o surviv$ _! defeat s\ght a refuge among _! k9dr$ tribes fur!r ea/1 at ,sam>k&1 ,bokh>a1 & ,khiva1 :]e ! ,russians h n[ ov]tak5 !m2 b a l>ge "p ( ! m]e multitude laid aside )\t giv+ up _! arms1 passively accept$ )\t =mally ackn[l$g+ ! ,ts>'s sway1 & abid$ 9 _! t5ts1--swall[$ at once1 b v leisurely dige/$1 by ! all-absorb+ ,russian civilization4 ,l>ge bodies ( ! nation1 h[ev]1 migrat$ en masse f "t to "t1 ! l&s !y left vacant be+ rapidly fill$ up by b&s ( ,cossacks1 & by =eign 7*iefly ,g]man71 coloni/s4 ,= m ?an ?ree c5turies1 ?\gh already mi/ress ( ,sib]ia & victori\s 9 remote ,asia1 ,russia prop] might be consid]$ z end+ at ! ,volga2 s t mo/ ( ! old] & mo/ important t[ns s\? ( ,kasan & nor? ( ,a/rakhan1 su* z ,simbirsk1 ,syzran1 ,volsk1 ,s>at(1 ,kamy%91 & ,ts>itz91 lie on ! "r1 or ,russo-,european bank ( ! /ream4 ,ts>itz9 is at ! head ( ! ,delta ( ! ,volga1 & x lies #ehj v]/s above ,a/rakhan1 :i* is said to be at ! riv]'s m\?1 b :i* is /ill #aej v]/s f ! road/ead or an*orage1 call$ ! ,n9e ,feet ,/ation2 ! spot on ! ,caspian :]e sea navigation really beg9s4 ,at ,ts>itz9 we might h fanci$ ourselves 9 "s br&-new t[n 9 "o ( ! remote backwoods ( ,am]ica4 ,x 0 no?+ ( a place be=e ! railway rea*$ x4 ,no "o c =etell :at x may become be=e ! locomotive travels pa/ x4 ,= "u pres5t circum/ances all ! po/al s]vice1 ! light goods & "t-sav+ pass5g] traffic f all p>ts ( ,russia to ,a/rakhan1 ! ,caspian & ! ,trans-,caspian region1 or vice v]sa1 mu/ pass betwe5 ! ,ts>itz9 pi] on ! ,volga & ! plat=ms ( ! ,ts>itz9 railway /ation4 ,we did n see mu* ( ! up/>t t[n1 = ! horrible cl\ds ( ?ick1 dung-impregnat$ du/ w\ld n all[ u to keep our eyes op54 ,b we p]ceiv$ t almo/ e trace ( :at 0 once little bett] ?an a second rate =tress & a village 0 oblit]at$2 ! old inhabitants 7 n[h]e1 & a bu/l+ set ( new settl]s 7 %>+ ! broad area among !mselves1 tak+ z mu* ( x z suit$ _! imm$iate wants1 & ext5d+ x to ! utmo/ limits ( _! sangu9e expectations2 draw+ l9es ( /reets at great di/ances1 trac+ ! sides ( broad squ>es & cresc5ts1 & lay+ ! f\ndations ( :at w\ld rise 9 "t into %ops & h\ses1 hotels1 baza>s1 !atres & *ur*es4 ,tz>itz9 :5 we saw x 0 m]ely ! embryo ( a city4 ,^? t may visit x a score ( ye>s h5ce w tell u :at !y f9d x4 ,two m nights & a day d[n ! sluggi% wat]s ( ! ma9 *annel ( ! ,volga l&$ u on ! t5? day aft] our dep>ture f ,nijni-,novgorod1 at ,a/rakhan1 :]e we /ay$ a :ole week4 ,f ,ts>itz9 to ,a/rakhan ! ,volga fl[s ?r\gh ! ,/eppe1 ! great ,asiatic grass des]t ext5d+ f ! ,caucasus to ! fronti] ( ,*9a4 ,! wild t5ants ( ?is wild]ness1 ! v>i\s tribes ( ,t>t>s1 once ! t]ror ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 7 l a va/ ocean ( human be+s sway$ to & fro by nomadic & pr$atory in/9cts1 :i* = c5turies ?reat5$ to ov]:elm & efface e ve/ige ( ! _w's civilization4 ,! ,russians :o 7 fir/ inve/$ & ov]p[]$ by ! flood1 7 able by ! val\r & m by ! craft ( _! pr9ces1 fir/ to /em ! tide1 !n to =ce x back1 & 9 ! end to re> su* bulw>ks z might = ev] baffle its fury1 & prev5t its fur!r onset4 ,su* bulw>ks 7 once ! /rong places ( ,kasan & ,a/rakhan1 ! =m] seats ( ,t>t> hordes1 :i* ! ,ts>s ( ,mosc[ made _! bases ( op]ations = ! indef9ite ext5sion ( _! civiliz$ empire ov] ,t>t> b>b>ism4 ,= ! exp]i5ce ( c5turies _h prov$ t ! ,/eppe 0 n ev]y:]e & altoge!r an irreclaimable l&1 nor ! ,t>t>s an utt]ly untameable race4 ,a/rakhan1 l ,kasan1 is a ,russian t[n1 ( ^: #ej1jjj inhabitants "o-f\r? or "o-fif? at lea/ are tam$ ,t>t>s1 & ! s&s ar\nd :i* c be made to yield grapes & pea*es1 & a pr(usion ( melons & wat]melons4 ,beyond ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 ov] ! :ole prov9ce or ,gov]nm5t ( ,a/rakhan1 /ret*es ! va/ l& ( ! ,/eppe1 ! wide & ?9 pa/ure-gr\nds on :i* ! ,t>t> tribes roam at w ) _! flocks2 a pa/oral set ( m52 )\t fix$ homes1 &1 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 )\t laws2 & yet p]fectly h>mless & peaceful--exempt1 at lea/ till v lately1 f milit>y s]vice1 & only pay+ a tribute ( #de1jjj r\bles1 at s mu* a head = ea* horse1 ox1 or camel1 rang+ ov] an ext5t ( #g1jjj1jjj dessiat9es 7#bj1jjj1jjj acres7 ( l&1 an area ( #bbd1ead kilomet]s1 or ab\t half ( t ( ,france1 ) a population1 includ+ t ( ! capital1 ( #fja1ead inhabitants4 ,a/rakhan is a mod]n t[n1 ) ! usual broad1 /raight /reets1 mo/ ( !m boa/+ no o!r pavem5t ?an s&1 ) brick side-walks1 mu* worn & dilapidat$1 &1 l ^? ( ,bu5os ,ayres & _m o!r ,am]ican cities1 s rais$ above ! roadway z to require great att5tion f ^? :o d n wi% to run ! risk ( brok5 %9s4 ,! t[n has its own ,kreml91 ap>t f ! citadel4 ,! ,kreml9 is a k9d ( ca!dral-close1 ) ! ca!dral & ! ar*bi%op's palace1 & sev]al mona/]ies & prie/s' habitations4 ,! :ole t[n1 besides1 & ! environs1 z usual 9 ,russia1 mu/] m *ur*es ?an !y c numb] prie/s or wor%ipp]s4 ,9 a walk ( two or ?ree miles ,i took outside ! t[n & z f> z ! cemet]ies1 ,i _h a scatt]$ gr\p ( at lea/ half a score ( *ur*es all ar\nd me1 b !re 0 sc>cely a human habitation )9 sight4 ,! gov]nor's palace is a l[ build+ ov] a r[ ( %ops 9 ! ma9 squ>e ( ! city4 ,! squ>e itself & ! ?or\ghf>es 7 envelop$ 9 ?ick cl\ds ( bl9d+ du/1 almo/ z tr\blesome z t ( ,ts>itz92 b on ! :ole1 ! place is less unclean ?an "o might expect f a population made up ( ,russians1 ,t>t>s1 ,calmucks1 ,p]sians1 ,arm5ians & ,jews4 ,! ,volga & ! hundr$ *annels :i* con/itute its delta1 & ! nor!rn %ores ( ! ,caspian ,sea into :i* !y fl[1 yield m fi% ?an ! coa/s ( ,norway & ,newf\ndl& put toge!r4 ,! nets employ$ 9 cat*+ !m w\ld1 if laid side by side on ! gr\nd 9 all _! l5g?1 ext5d ov] a l9e ( #dj1jjj v]/s1 or twice ! di/ance f ,/4 ,pet]sburg to ,ta%k5d & back4 ,! annual produce ( ^! ,a/rakhan fi%]ies--/urgeon1 /]let1 salmon1 pike1 %ad1 etc4--am\nts to #aj1jjj1jjj puds ( fi% 7! pud ?irty-six ,engli% p\nd weight7 ( ! value ( #bj1jjj1jjj r\bles1 ! h]r+s alone yield+ a ye>ly income ( #d1jjj1jjj r\bles4 ,) ! exception ( ! cavi>e1 :i* is sold all ov] ! _w1 ! produce ( ^! fi%]ies1 salt$ or pickl$1 is de/9$ = home consumption1 & travels all ov] ! empire1 al?\gh z f> z ,i h be51 ,i h f\nd ev]y:]e ! wat]s equally well-/ock$ by nature ) e description ( fi%2 a provid5t disp5sation1 s9ce ! ,russian cl]gy1 l ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 are indefatigable 9 _! promotion ( :at !y call ! ,apo/les' trade1 by _! injunction ( #bbf fa/ or fi% days ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! ,delta ( ! ,volga & ! ,caspian ,sea lie tw5ty-five metres bel[ ! level ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,! city ( ,a/rakhan1 plac$ on ! left bank ( ! ma9 *annel ( ! ,delta1 &1 z ,i said1 #aej v]/s above its an*orage1 becomes l an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ sea :5 ! ,volga comes d[n 9 its might ) ! ?aw ( ! nor!rn ice 9 late spr+2 & mo/ ( its l[e/ w>ds w\ld be ov]:elm$ 7 x n = ! dikes t encompass x l a t[n 9 ,holl&4 ,! eight pr9cipal bran*es & ! hundr$ m9or *annels & outlets ( ! ,delta1 break+ up ! l& into a labyr9? ( hundr$s ( islets1 are !n bl5d$ toge!r 9 "o wat]y surface1 out ( :i* only ! cre/s ( ^! islets em]ge ) isolat$ villages1 ) log-huts & long :itewa%$ build+s1 & high-dom$ *ur*es1 all damm$ & dik$ up l ! t[n itself--,t>t> villages1 ,calmuck villages1 ,cossack villages1 all or mo/ ( !m fi%]s' homes & fi%+ e/abli%m5ts--a population ( #bj1jjj to #cj1jjj s\ls be+ ?us scatt]$ on ! b>e s&-hills & dunes2 m5 ( all race1 col\r1 & fai?1 all employ$ 9 ! same fi%+ pursuit2 ! ,t>t>s & ,calmucks usually z rank & file1 ! ,russians & o!r ,europeans z ov]se]s1 =em51 & skill$ lab\r]s4 ,f ,a/rakhan1 ! que5 ( ! ,/eppes1 to ,tiflis ! que5 ( ! ,caucasus1 we _h a *oice ( r\tes4 ,t\ri/s f ,engl&1 or f any "p ( ,we/]n ,europe1 may easily visit ! great m\nta9-*a9 on :i* ,prome!us 0 f\nd1 by cross+ ! ,black ,sea f ,con/ant9ople or f ,odessa1 & l&+ at ,poti1 :]e ! ,russians h con/ruct$ a railway to ,tiflis1 once ! capital ( ,georgia1 n[ ! resid5ce ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ! :ole ,caucasus region4 ,a travell] f ! nor?1 b\nd to ! same goal1 c take ! tra9 at ,mosc[1 & come d[n by rail1 via ,ro/ov-on-!-,don1 all ! way to ,vladikavkas1 a di/ance ( #a1hjc v]/s2 & ab\t #bjj additional v]/s1 by po/1 ov] a good milit>y road1 & across ! ma9 ,caucasian *a91 w br+ him f ,vladikavkas to ,tiflis4 ,b we _h desc5d$ ! ,volga1 & 7 n[ ne> its m\?4 ,we _h to g d[n ! ,volga to ! ,n9e ,feet ,/ation bel[ ,a/rakhan1 emb>k !re on ! ,caspian ,sea1 & cross ov] ei!r to ,baku1 :5ce we c\ld g by po/ r\nd ! m\nta9-*a9 at its s\!rn extremity z f> z ,tiflis2 or l& at ,petr(sk1 & travel along ! *a9 to ,vladikavkas & ! good milit>y road across ! *a9 to ,tiflis4 ,we gave our pref]5ce to ! la/-nam$ r\te4 ,we left ,a/rakhan at t5 9 ! ev5+ on bo>d a heavy b>ge belong+ to ! ,caucasus & ,m]cury /eam-navigation company1 t[$ by a tug d[n /ream at ! rate ( five or six miles an h\r4 ,we 7 all t aft]noon & night1 & "p ( ! foll[+ day1 desc5d+ ! ma9 *annel ( ! ,volga1 & x 0 pa/ noon be=e we rea*$ ! ,n9e ,feet ,/ation1 = s !y call ! road/ead above :i* vessels ( m ?an n9e feet draught d>e n v5ture4 ,all sight ( l&1 ( ! sev5ty l>g] isl&s ( ! ,delta1 & ev5 ( ! m9or islets1 & ( ! l[e/ s&-banks1 _h be5 lo/ = sev]al h\rs1 & we 7 "h 9 ! op5 sea1 ?\gh sc>cely beyond ! b\nd>y t ! ,creator has else:]e fix$ betwe5 l& & wat]4 ,= ! ,/ation :i*1 if ,i c all[ myself an app>5t ,iri%ism1 is a moveable "o1 has to be pu%$ =w>d almo/ day by day z ! s&s ( ! ,volga silt up f> beyond ! *ok$-up l&s ( ! ,delta1 encroa*+ ) a /eady inroad on ! dep?s ( ! waves2 ! ,/eppe ev]y:]e wid5+ z ! sea dw9dles1 & sugge/+ ! ?\ght t ! :ole region t is n[ ,/eppe mu/ 9 remote ages h be5 sea1 & t :atev] is n[ sea1 mu/ 9 "t become ,/eppe4 ,inde$1 x seems n impossible to calculate h[ _m ye>s or c5turies x may take = ! s&s ( ! ,volga1 aid$ by ^? ( ! ,ural & ! ,emba on ! ea/]n1 & ( ! ,kuma1 ! ,t]ek1 & ! ,kur or ,kura1 ) its tribut>y ! ,aras1 on ! we/]n %ore1 to fill up ! l&-lock$ ,caspian1 ?\gh its extreme dep?1 accord+ to ! ,gazette]s1 is #fjj feet1 & ! area cov]$ by x probably exce$s #ahj1jjj squ>e miles1 a surface z l>ge z t ( ,spa94 ,kasan1 once ! resid5ce ( a r$\bt$ horde1 0 probably1 "u ,t>t> sway1 9 a great measure a m]e encampm5t1 *iefly a city ( t5ts2 = :atev] ! guide-books may say1 !re is no positive evid5ce ( its pres5t build+s belong+ to a date ant]ior to ! ,russian ,conque/4 ,its situation probably recomm5d$ itself to ! ,t>t>s *iefly on ! score ( /r5g?2 = al?\gh x /&s high above ! riv]1 its pres5t di/ance f x is at lea/ ?ree miles1 & x is surr\nd$ by a s&y & m>%y pla91 int]sect$ by ! *annels ( ! ,kasana riv]1 erratic wat]-c\rses :i* may h prov$ suffici5t ob/acles to ! onset ( an invad]1 b :i* raise no less s]i\s h9drances to ! conveyance ( goods f ! l&+-place to ! t[n2 an inconv5i5ce hi!rto n remov$ by ! tramway1 z x z yet only c>ries pass5g]s4 ,kasan is on ! ma9 l9e ( communication betwe5 ,c5tral ,russia & ,sib]ia4 ,! travell]s b\nd to t b\rne emb>k "h on /eam]s t g d[n ! ,volga z f> z its conflu5ce ) ! ,kama1 a tribut>y /ream1 & !nce asc5d ! ,kama1 :i* is navigable all ! way to ,p]m4 ,f ,p]m a railway runs up to ! ,pass ( ! ,ural m\nta9s to ,ekat]95burg1 probably to be 9 c\rse ( "t cont9u$ to ,tium51 ,tobolsk1 ,tomsk1 ,irkutsk1 ! ,baikal ,lake1 ! ,*9ese fronti] at ,kiakhta1 ! banks ( ! ,amoor1 & ! %ores ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,along ?is r\te x is calculat$ t "s ,l#c1jjj1jjj wor? ( m]*&ise are br\ght ye>ly f ,sib]ia d[n ! ,kama & up ! ,volga to ! ,nijni-,novgorod fair4 ,kasan is a highly fl\ri%+ city4 ,x has a population ( #ij1jjj to #ajj1jjj inhabitants1 "o-f\r? ( :om are ,t>t>s4 ,^! desc5dants ( ! old ,nomad race are n[ "h at home1 & live 9 ! city p]fectly at peace ) _! ,russian fell[-subjects1 ?\gh be+ ,mahometans1 !y h di/9ct1 if n sep>ate1 qu>t]s1 & mosques & a burial-gr\nd ( _! own4 ,x w\ld seem impossible = two races :i* h s little reason = mutual good-w1 to %[ s little disposition to qu>rel4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,sclav & ,t>t> 7 n 9 =m] times s f> asund] 9 mann]s1 9 language1 9 poli%1 nor s free f admixture 9 blood z ! ,russians fondly believe4 ,! t[n has its ,kreml91 on ! site ( ! old citadel1 ) its ca!dral & o!r *ur*es1 & sev]al telescope t[]s1 if !y may be s call$1 built on sev]al /ories1 dw9dl+ 9 size f floor to floor z !y rise "o above ! o!r1 s t "o c conceive h[ !y might easily s9k into "o ano!r & %ut up l a spy-glass4 ,! great brick t[] ( ,pi] ,cresc5zi 9 ,rome is su* a t[]2 & "h are _m 9 ! same /yle at ,mosc[ & 9 mo/ o!r old ,russian cities4 ,kasan has sev]al public edifices ( "s pret5sion3 ! ,admiralty2 ! ,univ]sity--"o ( ! sev5 ( ! ,empire1 etc4 ,b we _h en\gh ( x all aft] two or ?ree h\rs1 & 7 glad to %un ! heat ( ! re/ ( ! day 9 ! cool sitt+-room ( ,common5's ,hotel1 :i* alone may be tak5 z a v\*] = ! high degree ( civilization rea*$ by ,kasan4 ,we gave ev5 less "t to ! o!r cities ( ! ,volga1 n ?9k+ x always wor? :ile to alight at all ! /ations1 ?\gh ! /eam] /opp$ at "s ( ^! = _m a long1 we>y h\r4 ,) ! exception ( ,kasan1 ,sam>a1 & ,a/rakhan1 ! mo/ important cities are1 z ,i said1 on ! "r or ,russian bank ( ! ,riv]2 & ?ree ( !m1 ,syzran1 ,s>at(1 & ,ts>itz91 are connect$ by v>i\s railways ) ,mosc[ & all ! o!r important c5tres ( life 9 ! ,empire4 ,! ,volga1 :i* betwe5 ,nijni-,novgorod & ,kasan fl[s 9 an almo/ /raight ea/]ly direction1 takes a turn to ! s\?w>d aft] leav+ ,kasan & ! conflu5ce ( ! ,kama2 b x makes a loop bel[ ,simbirsk1 turn+ ea/w>d to ,sam>a1 & aga9 we/ to ,syzran1 aft] :i* x resumes its s\!rly c\rse to ,s>at(1 ,ts>itz91 & ,a/rakhan4 ,! railway f ,mosc[ to ,syzran1 ^u rea*+ ,syzran1 crosses ! ,volga on an iron bridge1 "o v]/ & a half1 or "o ,engli% mile1 9 l5g?1 & high en\gh to all[ ! l>ge/ /eam] pass )\t l[]+ its funnel--a ma/]piece ( eng9e]+ greatly admir$ by ! p "h1 :o describe x z ! longe/ bridge 9 ,russia & 9 ! _w4 ,we w5t "u x at midnight by a dim moonlight :i* b>ely all[$ u to see x loom+ 9 ! di/ance n mu* bigg] ?an a telegraph-wire drawn all across ! valley1 ! gossam] l9e ( ! bridge & all ! l&scape r\nd /rik+ u z dreamlike & unreal4 ,aft] cross+ ! riv] ! railway proce$s to ,sam>a1 & h5ce #dai v]/s fur!r to ,or5burg1 a l>ge & ?riv+ place on ! ,ural riv]1 ! spot f :i* ! /raighte/ & probably ! %orte/ way is1 or w be1 op5 to all p>ts ( ,sib]ia or ,c5tral ,asia2 pref]able1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to t ( ,p]m & ,ekat]95burg above-m5tion$1 :i* is n[ ! mo/ frequ5t$ r\te4 ,beyond ,syzran & ,sam>a ! riv] sc5]y1 :i* has hi!rto be5 v]dant1 assumes a s\!rly aspect2 ! hill-sides slop+ to ! riv] h a p>*$ & fad$ br[n look2 ! hill-tops are b>$ & seam$ ) *alky rav9es2 e trace ( ! =e/s has disappe>$2 & x is only at r>e int]vals t ! banks are clad ) ! v]dure ( ! new gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,! ,,ramp>ts ,,( ,,! ,,kreml9 ,,nijni-,,novgorod4 ,f ,nijni to ,ts>itz9 we h /opp$ at m ?an ?irty diff]5t /ations1 & no p5 c\ld describe ! /ir & bu/le ( goods & pass5g]s t await$ u at e :>f & pi]4 ,sev]al ( ^! /ations are t[ns ( #ej1jjj to #ajj1jjj inhabitants1 &1 besides _! corn trade & tobacco1 !y all deal 9 "s articles ( necessity or luxury1 ( :i* !y produce en\gh = _! own1 if n always = _! neighb\rs'1 consumption4 ,ev]y:]e "o sees huge build+s--/eam fl\r-mills1 tobacco-factories1 salt-m9es1 soap & c&le factories1 tann]ies--& la/1 n lea/1 palaces = ! sale ( k\miss or f]m5t$ m>e's milk1 a sanit>y bev]age2 & ext5sive e/abli%m5ts1 especially ne> ,sam>a1 = ! k\miss cure1--fa%ionable resorts z wat]+-places1 frequ5t$ by p]sons affect$ by consumption1 & o!r real or imag9>y ailm5ts4 ,!re is some?+ appall+ 9 ! ?\ght t all ?is busy1 &1 on ! :ole1 m]ry life on ! banks ( ! ,volga mu/ come to a dead /&-/ill = six or sev5 mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,i h be5 va9ly tax+ my bra9 to guess :at may become ( ! capta9s1 mates & crews ( ! #gjj /eam]s1 & ( ! #e1jjj heavy b>ges ) :i* ! riv] is n[ sw>m+2 ( ! port]s1 ag5ts1 cl]ks1 & o!r (ficials at ! v>i\s /ations2 ( ! ?\s&s ( wom5 employ$ to c>ry all ! firewood f ! pi]s to ! /eam-boats4 ,:at becomes ( all ^!1 & ( ! m5 & horses toil+ at ! /eam-r[ & t[-boats on ! ,oka1 ! ,kama1 ! ,don1 ! ,dniep]1 & a hundr$ o!r riv]s dur+ ! long season 9 :i* ! va/ pla9s ( ,russia are turn$ into a h[l+ wild]ness ( sn[ & ice f end to end8 ,railway communication & sl$ge-driv+ may1 by d\bl+ _! activity1 af=d employm5t to "s ( ! m5 & bea/s :o w\ld o!rwise be doom$ to passive & torpid hyb]nation4 ,b mu* ( ! "w t is practicable 9 o!r c\ntries almo/ ?r\gh\t ! ye>--ne>ly all t is done 9 ! op5 air--suff]s "h griev\s int]ruption4 ,:at %\ld we ?9k 9 ,engl& ( a six mon?s' w9t]1 9 :i* ! l& 7 z h>d z a rock1 9 :i* all ! cattle _h to be kept )9 doors1 9 :i* ! bricklay]'s tr[el & ! road-m5d]'s roll] _h to be laid aside8 ,&1 by way ( comp5sation1 :at m]e human bone & muscle c /& ! cru%+ lab\r by :i* ! summ] mon?s1 ) _! long days ( tw5ty h\rs' sunlight1 mu/ make up = ! w9t]'s =c$ idl5ess2 9 a climate too1 :]e1 z f> z my own exp]i5ce goes1 ! heat is h>dly less oppressive & /ifl+ ?an 9 ! level l&s ( ,lomb>dy or ! ,emilia8 ,,odessa ,,antonio ,,gall5ga ,f ,yalta to ,seba/opol !re are two r\tes4 ,"o /rikes across ! ,yaila hills to ,simph]opol1 :5ce we c\ld proce$ by rail to ,seba/opol2 ! o!r runs along ! coa/1 high up on ! hills1 to ! ,baid> ,gate & ?r\gh ! ,baid> ,valley lead+ to ,balaclava & ! o!r well-kn[n spots encompass+ ! ru9s ( :at 0 once ! great naval /ation ( ! ,russians on ! ,black ,sea4 ,we *ose ! coa/ r\te1 & travell$ = five h\rs 9 ! aft]noon ov] =ty-eight v]/s ( ! mo/ s+ul> road 9 ! _w4 ,x rambles up & d[n along ! side ( ! hills--z a road did once on ! beautiful ,cornice along ! ,ligurian ,rivi]a--midway betwe5 ! upp] hill cre/ & ! sea1 hav+ on ! "r ! m\nta9s1 a succession ( wall-l1 p]p5dicul>1 ho>y cliffs1 betwe5 #a1ejj feet & #b1jjj feet high1 a great wall riv5 into e v>iety ( fanta/ic %apes ( ba/ions1 t[]s1 & pyramids1 all b>e & rugg$1 crumbl+ "h & !re into huge b\ld]s1 /rewn along ! slopes d[n to ! road1 across ! road1 & fur!r d[n to ! wat]-edge1 a sc5e :i* might befit ! battle-field ( ! ,titans aga9/ ! gods2 & on ! left ! wide expanse ( ! wat]s1 ) a coa/ l a fr+e ( little gl5s & creeks & headl9es1 & ! sun's glitt] on ! waves l ,dante's tremol> della m>9a on ! %ore ( ,purgatory4 ,betwe5 ! road & ! sea f> bel[ u1 9 ! di/ance1 embosom$ 9 woods /ill unt\*$ by ! autumn fro/s1 lay ! m>9e villas ( ,livadia1 ,ori&a1 ,alupka1 etc41 v ,ed5s1 :]e on _! fir/ annexation ( ! ,crimea ! weal?y ,russians s\ght a refuge aga9/ ! horrors ( _! w9try climate2 m rec5tly1 ,imp]ial resid5ces--,livadia1 ! d>l+ ( ! late ,emp]or2 ,ori&a1 n[ a m]e wreck f ! rec5t conflagration1 ! seat ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e2 ,alupka1 ! abode ( ,pr9ce ,woronz(f1 ! son ( ! b5evol5t g5ius ( ^! di/ricts1 ! road-mak]1 ! patron ( ,yalta1 ! second f\nd] ( ,odessa4 ,a sc5e ( irresi/ible en*antm5t is ! :ole ( :at ! ,russians emphatically call _! s\!rn coa/4 ,&1 z if to enhance its *>m by contra/1 ev]y?+ *anges z y pass ! ,baid> ,gate1 & :5 y h cross$ ! ,baid> ,valley ! balmy air becomes raw & *ill1 ! bald m\nta9s tame & common-place1 & ! long desc5t is ?r\gh an a%y-gray c\ntry1 swept ov] by an icy bla/1 sadd5$ by a l[]+ sky1 unreliev$ by a fl[]1 a bu%1 or a cottage4 ,s m>vell\s is ! p[] ( m]e position1 s great ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sides ( ! same m\nta9-wall6 ,y pass at once f a g>d5 to a /eppe4 ,away f ^! %elt]+ rocks1 away f ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,caucasian ridges1 y are 9 ,russia4 ,! only m\nta9s ?r\gh\t all ! re/ ( ! ,ts>'s ,european t]ritories are ! ,urals1 :i* n[h]e rea* ev5 ! heights ( ! ,ap5n9es1 :i* d n =m ev]y:]e a cont9u\s *a91 & :i* run 9 almo/ a /raight l9e f nor? to s\?4 ,f ! icy pole ! w9d sweep+ ov] ! froz5 ocean & ! sn[y wa/es ( ! nor!rn prov9ces f9ds n[h]e a h9drance to its cruel bla/s1 & spreads its *ill ov] ! :ole l& ) su* /eady ke5ness z to make ! climate ( ! expos$ p>ts ( ! ,black ,sea coa/ almo/ z w9try z t ( ! ,:ite ,sea4 ,at ,odessa 9 ! e>ly days ( ,octob] bo? our hotel & ! private h\ses we _h occasion to ent] _h already put up d\ble doors & w9d[s1 & p liv$ 9 ap>tm5ts z h]metically clos$ z if _! homes _h be5 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,we slept at ,baid>1 a ,t>t> village1 :]e a maid5 ( t ,moslem race 0 ! only att5dant at ! ,russian inn1 & on ! morr[ we drove 9 ?ree h\rs to ,seba/opol1 a di/ance ( =ty-two v]/s4 ,seba/opol has /ill n a little ( t ,pompeian look :i* x bore on ! day aft] its surr5d] to ! ,we/]n ,allies 9 #ahef4 ,we drove ?r\gh miles ( ru9s1 ! ro(less walls />+ at u f ! dismantl$ doors & w9d[s1 ! du/ f ! rubbi%-heaps ( brick & mort> bl9d+ u at e turn+ ( ! /reets1 ?\gh1 we 7 told1 ! city is look+ up & ?riv+1 & bo? h\se-r5t & build+-gr\nd are ris+ 9 price f day to day4 ,we _h to wait two days = ! ,olga1 deta9$ by /ress ( wea!r1 & x 0 ) a hope ( enliv5+ ourselves t1 "u ! escort ( ! ,engli% ,consul1 a ,crimean vet]an :o takes c>e ( ! h]oic dead1 & actually lives ) z well z = !m1 we drove out to "s ( ! elev5 ,engli% cemet]ies1 to ! h\se :]e ,"l ,raglan di$1 & ! monum5t m>k+ ! spot :]e ! six hundr$ rode into ! jaws ( dea?--^? localities made =ev] memorable by a w> ?an :i* none 0 ev] und]tak5 ) less di/9ct aims1 none f\ght ) great] val\r1 none br\ght to an end ) less important results4 ,we left ,seba/opol at ?ree 9 ! aft]noon 9 ! ,olga1 & l&$ at ,odessa 9 ! morn+ at t54 ,?r\gh\t ! fir/ week aft] our arrival1 we nev] caught a s+le glimpse ( ! sun4 ,odessa1 l ,seba/opol1 l ,k]t*1 l ,a/rakhan1 & o!r places ly+ on ! edge ( ! ,russian ,/eppe1 seems habitually1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! w9d 9 peculi> qu>t]s1 to be haunt$ by fogs t set 9 at sunrise & only sometimes cle> (f aft] sunset4 ,dur+ ?is gloomy /ate ( ! atmosph]e ! night is usually w>m] ?an ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,place ,,turemnaja ,,odessa4 ,odessa has a magnific5t position1 = x lies high on rav9es1 :i* give x a wide comm& ov] its l>ge h>b\r1 lately improv$1 z well z on ! op5 sea & coa/1 ! /rik+ feature ( ! place be+ its b\lev>d1 a t]race or plat=m ab\t #ejj y>ds 9 l5g?1 laid out & plant$ z a prom5ade1 look+ out seaw>ds & accessible by a flight ( /airs ( #aej /eps f ! l&+-place4 ,odessa is n an old t[n1 b x looks br&-new1 = !re has be5 ( late a great deal ( build+1 & ! crumbl+ nature ( ! /one keeps ! mason & :ite-wa%] p]petually at "w4 ,x is lively1 ?\gh monoton\s1 = its broad1 /raight /reets are a/ir ) bus9ess1 & ! rattle ( hackney-c>riages1 heavy-lad5 vans1 & tramway-c>s is incessant4 ,x boa/s _m private palaces & has few public edifices1 & 9 its municipal in/itutions x is1 or us$ to be1 tax$ ) consult+ r m ! purposes ( luxury & ornam5t ?an ! real wants ( ! p or ! int]e/s ( *>ity4 ,odessa is 9 ,russia1 b n ( ,russia1 = among its citiz5s1 we are told1 possibly ) exagg]ation1 m ?an "o-?ird 7#gj1jjj7 are ,jews1 besides #aj1jjj ,greeks & ,g]mans1 & ,italians 9 good numb]4 ,x is unlike any o!r ,russian city1 = x is tol]ably well pav$1 has pl5ty ( dr9k+-wat]1 & r[s ( trees--h[ev] /unt$1 w9d-nipp$1 & sickly--9 e /reet4 ,x is n ,russian1 because few ,russians succe$ "h 9 bus9ess2 b /r5u\s ef=ts are made to ,russify x1 = ! names ( ! /reets1 :i* 7 once writt5 9 ,italian z well z 9 ,russian1 are n[ only set up 9 ,russian1 unreadable to mo/ =eign visitors2 & ! s-call$ ,italian ,/reet 7,/rada ,italiana71 rem9d+ "o ( :at ! t[n owes to its fir/ settl]s1 has be5 rebaptiz$ z ,pu%k9 ,/reet4 ,( ! ?ree ,fr5* newspap]s :i* fl\ri%$ "h till v lately1 n "o any long] exi/s1 = :atev] is n ,russian is disc\nt5anc$ & taboo$ 9 a t[n :i*1 9 spite ( all1 is n & nev] w be1 ,russian4 ,fr5* is1 nev]!less1 m g5]ally und]/ood ?an 9 mo/ ,russian cities1 b ,italian is dy+ (f "h z 9 all ! ,levant & ! nor? coa/ ( ,africa1 ,italy los+ z a unit$ nation su* hold z %e _h z a m]e nameless clu/] ( divid$ /ates4 ,x is difficult to =esee :at results ! great *ange t is visibly go+ on 9 ! economical & comm]cial conditions ( ! ,russian ,empire may h on ! de/9ies ( ,odessa4 ,half a c5tury ago1 if we may tru/ ! /ati/ics ( ! ,j\rnal d' ,odessa1 ?is city _h only ! ?ird rank among ! comm]cial places ( ,russia4 ,at ! head ( all !n 0 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ^: h>b\r 0 frequ5t$ by #a1ejj to #b1jjj vessels1 ! exports be+ #ajj1jjj1jjj to #abj1jjj1jjj r\bles1 & ! imports #adj1jjj1jjj to #afj1jjj1jjj r\bles4 ,next 9 importance came ,riga1 ) #a1jjj to #a1ejj vessels1 #ce1jjj1jjj to #ej1jjj1jjj r\bles exports1 & #ae1jjj1jjj to #bj1jjj1jjj r\bles imports2 & ,odessa1 z ?ird1 receiv$ #fjj to #hjj vessels1 h] exports am\nt+ f #be1jjj1jjj to #cj1jjj1jjj r\bles1 & h] imports f #bj1jjj1jjj to #be1jjj1jjj r\bles4 ,! relative comm]cial importance ( ! ?ree ports 01 !re=e1 z tw5ty-five to six & five4 ,matt]s h und]gone a consid]able alt]ation s9ce !n4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ^: imports & exports d\bl$ 9 am\nt ^? ( all ! o!r ports ( ! ,empire put toge!r1 has be5 gradually decl9+1 ! ports ( ,e/honia1 ,livonia1 & ,c\rl& ?reat5+ to deprive h] inconv5i5t h>b\r ( a great "p ( ! ,baltic trade1 & ! c5tre ( g5]al bus9ess be+ rapidly remov$ f ! pres5t seat ( ,gov]nm5t to ! old capital1 ,mosc[4 ,riga1 also1 has be5 & is sl[ly s9k+ f its high position 9 ! ,baltic1 & may1 p]haps1 ev5tually succumb to ! active rivalry ( ,revel & ,libau4 ,odessa1 on ! contr>y1 has be5 look+ up = ^! _m ye>s1 absorb+ ne>ly all ! ,russian trade 9 ! ,black ,sea1 & rapidly ris+ f ! ?ird to ! second rank z a seaport4 ,! ma9 cause ( ! rise & progress ( ,odessa 0 ow+ to ! developm5t ( agricultural ent]prise 9 ! prov9ces ( :at is call$ ,little & ,new ,russia1 or ! ,black ,e>? ,c\ntry ! gran>y ( ! ,empire & = a long "t ( all ,europe4 ,beyond ! /eppes :i* encompass ! :ole s\!rn seacoa/ ( ,russia1 f ! ,sea ( ,az( to ! ,danube1 !re spreads f> inl& a f]tile region1 embrac+ ! :ole or "p ( ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,podolia1 ,poltava1 ,kh>k(1 ,kief1 ,voronei1 ,don ,cossacks1 etc41 includ+ ! di/ricts ( :at 0 once kn[n z ! ,ukra9e1 :i* 0 = _m ye>s debatable l& betwe5 ,pol&1 ,turkey1 & ,russia1 & on :i* roam$ ! mongrel b&s ( ! ,cossacks1 an unc\? population recruit$ among ! _m tramps & vagabonds f ! nor!rn prov9ces1 mix$ ) all ! races ( m5 ) :om !y came into contact1 settl+ "h & !re 9 new1 loose1 & almo/ lawless communities1 organiz$ z milit>y colonies1 & p]petually %ift+ _! allegiance f "o to ! o!r ( ^! ?ree ,p[]s1 till ! policy & good =tune ( ,pet] ! ,great & ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ext5d$ ! sway ( ,russia ov] ! :ole t]ritory4 ,at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 & contemporane\sly ) ! f\ndation ( ,odessa 7#agid71 ! b\ntiful nature ( ! soil ( ?is region became kn[n1 & ! c\ntry 0 ov]run by coloni/s f ,great or ,nor!rn ,russia1 f ,g]many1 & f ,bulg>ia & ,walla*ia2 & its ri* h>ve/s 7 soon suffici5t1 n only to satisfy1 b to exce$ ! wants ( ! :ole ,empire4 ,odessa1 end[$ by its f\nd]1 ,ca!r9e ,,ii41 ) ! privilege ( a free port1 :i* x enjoy$ till aft] ! w> ( ! ,crimea1 monopoliz$ dur+ t "t ! export ( ! produce ( ?is s\!rn l&1 consi/+ *iefly ( gra9 & wool2 & its prosp]ity w5t on1 always on ! increase--affect$ only tempor>ily by w>s & bad h>ve/s--to su* an ext5t t ! total value ( ! exports1 :i* 01 9 r\nd numb]s1 ab\t #eb1jjj1jjj r\bles 9 #ahga1 rose to #hf1jjj1jjj r\bles 9 #ahgh1 to #hh1jjj1jjj r\bles 9 #ahgi1 & fell1 ow+ to ! bad h>ve/1 to #ef1jjj1jjj r\bles 9 #ahhj4 ,! ,odessa trade 0 = a long "t 9 ! h&s ( ,greek & ,italian m]*ants1 ! orig9al settl]s 9 ! t[n at its f\ndation1 ! produce be+1 be=e ! inv5tion ( /eam]s1 convey$ to ,italy1 ,france & ,engl& 9 ,italian bottoms4 ,b1 ( late ye>s1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to /eam]s ov] sail+ vessels1 & ! ,italians1 ei!r fail+ to p]ceive ! value ( "t & ! importance ( ! revolution t /eam _h effect$1 or lack+ capital to pr(it by x1 all[$ ! ,engli% to h ! lion's %>e ( ! ,black ,sea trade1 s t1 9 #ahgi1 ! ,engli% vessels ent]+ ! port ( ,odessa 7 #edi /eam]s & f\r sail+ vessels1 ) #ejj1jjj tons1 :ile ! ,italians _h only fifty /eam]s & #aai sail+ vessels1 ) #he1gjj tons4 ,next to ! ,engli% 71 9 ! same ye>1 ! ,au/rians 7eighty-sev5 /eam & #aai sail+ vessels1 #aai1jjj tons74 ,! ,russians1 at home "h1 _h #aej /eam & eight sail+ vessels & #ahj1jjj tons4 ,odessa1 h[ev]1 ?\gh %e _h s mu* ( ! trade to h]self1 _h n ( late ye>s ! :ole ( x4 ,z ! means ( l& & wat] conveyance improv$1 & especially aft] ! con/ruction ( railways1 a numb] ( m9or rivals arose all along ! coa/--,ro/ov1 at ! m\? ( ! ,don2 ,taganrog1 ,m>iupol or ,m>ianopolis1 & ,b]dianski1 on ! nor? coa/ ( ! ,sea ( ,az(1 :]e ,greek colonies are fl\ri%+2 ,kh]son1 at ! m\? ( ! ,dniep]2 ,nicolaief1 at ! m\? ( ! ,bug2 & o!rs4 ,odessa 0 ?us r$uc$ to ! trade ( ! region to ! we/ ( ! la/-nam$ riv]1 hav+ lo/ t ( ! prov9ces ( ,poltava1 ,kh>k(1 ,kursk1 ,orel1 ,ekat]9oslaf1 etc41 & only reta9+ ,kh]son1 ,bess>abia1 ,volhynia1 ,kief1 etc41 :i* w\ld /ill be suffici5t = h] comm]cial well-be+4 ,b ,odessa is ?reat5$ ) a new & f> m =midable rival 9 ,seba/opol4 ,seba/opol1 ) all its inlets1 is by f> ! mo/ p]fect h>b\r 9 ! ,black ,sea1 & has ! ine/imable advantage t x nev] freezes1 :ile 9 ,odessa ! ice br+s all trade to a /&/ill = two or ?ree weeks e w9t]1 & all ! ports ( ,az( & ! m\?s ( ! riv]s are froz5 f ,novemb] to ,m>* or ev5 mid-,april4 ,seba/opol has ! additional advantage ( be+ 9 ! mo/ direct & ne>e/ communication by rail ) ,kh>k(1 ! v he>t ( ! ,black ,e>? ,c\ntry1 & ) ,mosc[1 ! c5tre ( ! ,russian comm]cial & indu/rial bus9ess4 ,! p 9 ,seba/opol h hopes t ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 giv+ up all ?\ght ( br++ back _! great ,black ,sea naval /ation f ,nicolaief to its =m] seat1 may n be unwill+ t _! f9e h>b\r be turn$ to ! purposes ( trad+ ent]prise1 & ev5 to fav\r x = a few ye>s ) ! privileges ( a free port4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seba/opol4 ,! citiz5s ( ,odessa1 on ! o!r h&1 sc\t su* expectations z ov]-sangu9e1 if n q *im]ical1 laugh to scorn ! idea t ! ,gov]nm5t may at any "t lay aside its int5tion ( go+ back ) its naval e/abli%m5t to ,seba/opol2 &1 9 t case1 !y cont5d t ! juxtaposition ( a comm]cial ) an ,imp]ial naval port w\ld be z mon/r\s a comb9ation z w\ld be 9 ,france t ( ,m>seilles & ,t\lon1 or 9 ,engl& t ( ,portsm\? & ,liv]pool1 9 "o & ! same place4 ,!y add t ! railway betwe5 ,mosc[ & ,seba/opol is ill-con/ruct$ & almo/ break+ d[n2 t1 al?\gh x is by "s hundr$ miles %ort] ?an t f ,odessa to ,mosc[1 ! express & mail tra9s are s arrang$ t ! mo/ rapid communication betwe5 nor? & s\? is effect$ betwe5 ,odessa & ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :i* r\te is travell$ ov] 9 less ?an ?ree days4 ,:i*ev] ( ! cont5d+ p>ties may h ! be/ ( ! argum5t1 !re is no d\bt t1 7 ev5 ! ,gov]nm5t to be fav\rable to ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,seba/opol1 !re w\ld be no j reason = jeal\sy betwe5 ! two cities1 = ,odessa has already prov$ t %e c manage to gr[ ri*] ?an ev] ^u "o-half ( ! trade ( ,s\!rn ,russia1 :ile ,seba/opol might safely rely on c>ry+ on ! o!r half--t o!r half :i* is n[ already 9 ! h&s ( ,taganrog1 ,m>iupol1 ,nicolaief1 etc4 ,= all ^! ports ( ,az( & ! m\?s ( ! riv]s1 besides be+ clos$ by ice = at lea/ f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>1 are s %all[ t no am\nt ( dr$g+ c keep back ! silt+ s&s1 & vessels mu/ an*or at di/ances ( t5 to tw5ty & ev5 ?irty miles outside ! h>b\rs4 ,,! ,,don ,,cossacks ,,?omas ,,mi*ell ,com+ f ! nor?1 ! fir/ t[n ( any importance 9 ,s\!rn ,russia is ,kursk1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-five miles f ,mosc[ 9 an almo/ direct l9e1 ! railway pass+ ?r\gh ! cities ( ,tula 7! ,russian ,birm+ham71 & ,orel1 ! c5tre ( a ri* agricultural di/rict connect$ by rail1 on ! we/1 ) ,riga on ! ,baltic1 & on ! s\?-ea/ ) ,ts>itz9 on ! ,volga4 ,au!ntic records atte/ ! exi/5ce ( ,kursk 9 #ajcb1 & 9 #ajie x 0 held by ,isiaslaf1 son ( ,vladimir ,monoma*us1 f :om x pass$ alt]nately to ! ,pr9ces ( ,*]nig( & ( ,p]eyaslasl4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury x 0 raz$ to ! gr\nd by ! ,t>t>s4 ,9 #aehf ! s\!rn fronti]s ( ,moscovy 7 =tifi$1 & ,kursk became "o ( ! pr9cipal places on t l9e ( def5ce aga9/ ! ,crimean ,t>t>s & ! ,poles4 ,its disa/]s & suff]+s z a milit>y outpo/ ceas$ only t[>ds ! end ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 aft] ,little ,russia 7! m s\!rly di/ricts wat]$ by ! ,dniep]71 submitt$ to ! ,ts> ,alexis4 ,we are n[ almo/ 9 ! he>t ( ! ,*]nozem1 or black soil c\ntry1 s call$ f ! ri* black loam ( :i* its surface is compos$ to a dep? ( two & ?ree y>ds & m4 ,^! va/ pla9s 7 kn[n to ,h]odotus1 ,/rabo1 & o!r anci5t geograph]s only 9 _! pres5t ,/eppe1 or flat & woodless condition4 ,x is a great relief to ! eye to see at la/ a h&somely-built city l ,kursk1 p]*$1 relatively to ! surr\nd+ flatness1 on an elevation & almo/ smo!r$ 9 ! v]dure ( num]\s g>d5s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 n mu* to see )9 x1 = ev5 ! *ur*es are mo/ly n old] ?an ! second half ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,! m s\!rly "p ( ! prov9ce ( ,kursk is 9 ! ,ukra9e1 or anci5t bord] c\ntry4 ,its semi-nomadic population obta9$ 9 e>ly days ! designation ( ,cossacks4 ,?is ^w is n ,sclavonic1 b ,turki%2 & al?\gh x long d5ot$ 9 ,russia a free man1 or1 r1 a man free to d any?+ he *ose1 x _h be5 us$ by ! ,t>t> hordes to designate ! l[] class ( _! horsem54 ,f ! pr9ces ( ! ,h\se ( ,rurik ^! s\!rly di/ricts pass$ into ! possession ( ,li?uania1 &1 lat]1 into ^? ( ,pol&4 ,little ,russia 0 ano!r arbitr>y "n anci5tly giv5 to a great "p ( :at has be5 also kn[n z ! ,ukra9e4 ,no fix$ geographical limits c be assign$ to ei!r ( ^! designations1 & especially to ! ,ukra9e ( ! ,poles or ! ,muscovites2 = z ! bord]s or m>%es became safe & populat$1 !y 7 absorb$ by ! dom9ant p[]1 & ultimately incorporat$ into prov9ces4 ,little ,russia is1 9 fact1 a t]m n[ us$ only to d5ote ! ,s\!rn ,russians z di/+ui%$ pr9cipally f ! ,great ,russians ( ! m c5tral "p ( ! empire4 ,!re is a /rongly-m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! outw>d appe>ance1 ! mode ( life1 & ev5 ! ca/ ( ?\ght ( ^! two bran*es ( ! ,sclav race4 ,! language ( ! ,little ,russian1 or ,hohol1 z he is contemptu\sly call$ by 8 m vigor\s nor!rn bro!r1 is a cross betwe5 ! ,poli% & ! ,russian1 al?\gh ne>] ak9 to ! ,muscovite ?an to ! ,poli% tongue4 ,e?nographically1 also1 ! ,little ,russians become gradually fus$ ) ! ,:ite ,russians ( ! nor?-we/ 7,mohilef & ,vitebsk7 & ) ! ,slovaks ( ! o!r side ( ! ,c>pa?ians4 ,! ,malo-,ros 7,little ,russian7 is physically a bett]1 ?\gh a less muscul> man ?an ! ,veliko-,ros1 or ,great ,russian4 ,he is tall]1 f9]-featur$1 & less rude & primitive 9 8 dome/ic surr\nd+s4 ,! wom5 h bo? beauty & grace1 & make ! mo/ ( ^? qualities by adorn+ !mselves 9 neat & picturesque co/umes1 resembl+ /rongly ^? ( ! ,r\manian & ,transylvanian peasantry4 ,_! h\ses are n l ^? ( o!r p>ts ( ,russia--log huts1 full1 g5]ally1 ( v]m9 & cockroa*es2 b wattl$1 ?at*$1 & :itewa%$ cottages1 surr\nd$ by g>d5s1 & kept int]nally 9 ord] & cleanl9ess4 ,_! lives are altoge!r m happy1 al?\gh _! songs1 full ( deep feel+1 & n )\t a ve9 ( romance are1 l ^? ( all ,sclavs1 pla9tive & 9 ! m9or key4 ,! m5 s+ ( ! d>+ exploits ( _! ,cossack =efa!rs1 :o 7 n free-boot]s l ! old ,cossacks ( ! ,volga1 b c\rage\s m5 engag$ 9 a life-&-dea? /ruggle ) nomadic hordes1 & lat] ) int]nal enemies1 ,poles & rebels4 ,! great] ref9em5t ( ! wom5 ( ,little ,russia is attributable to ! comp>ative ease ( _! lives 9 a f]tile c\ntry1 ) a climate m g5ial ?an t ( ! m nor!rly p>ts ( ! empire4 ,!re ! ,great & ! ,:ite ,russians _h to cont5d ) a soil mu* less productive1 ) swamps :i* _h to be dra9$1 ) ?ick =e/s :i* _h to be cle>$1 ) wild bea/s :i* _h to be de/roy$ or gu>d$ aga9/1 & ) fro/ & sn[ t left sc>cely f\r mon?s 9 ! ye> = lab\r 9 ! field4 ,! upp] classes ( ,s\? ,russia1 enri*$ by ! cultivation ( l>ge & f]tile e/ates1 & fav\r$ 9 _! social developm5t by long contact ) ! anci5t ,we/]n civilization ( ,pol&1 exhibit a simil> sup]iority ov] ! bulk ( _! compe]s 9 ,great ,russia4 ,except1 h[ev]1 9 ! case ( ! l>g] l&$ proprietors1 ! ev]yday life ( ! ,s\!rn ,russian be>s a /rong resemblance to t ( ! ,iri% squire54 ,!re is a /rong t+e ( ! same ins\ciance z to ! mat]ial future1 & an equal prop5sity to reckless hospitality1 to sport 7pr9cipally c\rs+71 social jollification1 & to a great ext5t to c>d-play+4 ,inde$1 !re are well-appo9t$ c\ntry seats 9 ! ,s\? ( ,russia 9 :i* ! long summ] days are entirely sp5t 9 c>d-play+1 ) int]ruptions only = meals4 ,!re are horses 9 pl5ty 9 ! /able1 & vehicles ( e description to :i* !y c be h>ness$2 b tak+ a drive ?r\gh endless cornfields along natural roads or tracks1 p>*$1 crack$1 & du/y "o day1 & pres5t+ ! next a surface ( black mud1 (f]s b few attractions to ! ladies1 & vehicul> locomotion is !re=e resort$ to only z a matt] ( necessity1 on j\rneys to e/ates or t[ns (t5 fifty to "o hundr$ miles di/ant4 ,c\ntry life1 inde$1 has no great attractions 9 any "p ( ,russia ,prop]1 & ev] s9ce ! ,emancipation ( ! ,s]fs & ! accompany+ ext9ction ( ! p[] & au?ority ( ! propriet>y classes1 abs5teeism has be5 l>gely on ! increase1 to ! advantage solely ( ! pr9cipal prov9cial t[ns1 & ( c]ta9 capitals & wat]+-places 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?us1 :ile ,kursk & ,kh>k( owe mu* ( _! ri*es & progress to ! immigration ( l&$ proprietors f ! nor!rly & ea/]n di/ricts ( ! ,black ,soil ,zone1 ,kief is ! resort ( m pr9cely l&lords ( ! s\?-we/]n di/ricts1 /rongly & fav\rably affect$ by ,poli% culture4 ,kh>k(1 to ! ea/ ( ,kief1 is ! pr9cipal seat ( trade 9 ,s\? ,russia1 be+ a c5tre f :i* ! products & manufactures ( ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,russia are spread ?r\gh\t ! prov9ces to ! ea/ & s\?1 d[n ev5 to ! ,caucasus4 ,sug>1 l>gely produc$ 9 ?is "p ( ,russia f beet-root & b\nty-f$1 & corn1 br&y1 wool & hides f ! c5tral prov9ces1 are l>gely sold at ! five fairs held ea* ye> at ,kh>k(1 :i* has also reason to be pr\d ( its univ]sity ) upw>ds ( six hundr$ /ud5ts1 & ( its connection by rail ) ! %ores ( ! ,baltic & ^? ( ! ,black & ,az( ,seas4 ,9 #agfe1 ,kh>k( became ! capital ( ! ,ukra9e1 aft] hav+ be5 a ,cossack outpo/ t[n s9ce #afdg1 :5 ,pol& f9ally c$$ ! prov9ce to ,muscovy4 ,anci5tly1 ?is 0 ! camp+-gr\nd ( nomadic tribes1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,khaz>s1 & lat] ! high road ( ! ,t>t> invad]s ( ,russia1 :e!r f ! ,crimea or ! %ores ( ! ,caspian4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,kh>k( are f\nd ^? rem>kable idols ( /one :i* we h se5 9 ! ,hi/orical ,museum at ,mosc[1 & a va/ numb] ( tumuli1 :i* h yield$ co9s e/abli%+ ! fact ( an e>ly int]c\rse bo? ) ,rome & ,arabia4 ,poltava1 also a place ( ext5sive trade1 pr9cipally 9 wool1 horses1 & cattle1 is famili> to u 9 connection ) ! defeat ( ,*>les ,,xii4 by ,pet] ! ,great 9 #agji4 ,! c5tre ( ! field s disa/r\s to ! ,sw$es is m>k$ by a m\nd :i* cov]s ! rema9s ( _! sla94 ,two monum5ts commemorate ! victory4 ,at ,ekat]9oslaf we are aga9 on ! great ,dniep]4 ,x 0 only a village :5 ,ca!r9e ,,ii41 desc5d+ ! riv] f ,kief 9 a /ately b>ge accompani$ by ,joseph ,,ii4 ( ,au/ria1 ,k+ ,/anislaus ,augu/us ( ,pol& & a brilliant suite1 rais$ x to ! dignity ( a t[n be>+ h] own "n4 ,on t occasion %e laid ! fir/ /one ( a ca!dral :i* 0 n de/9$ to be complet$ on ! impos+ scale %e _h project$1 & :i* has be5 r$uc$ to "o-six? 9 ! edifice t 0 consecrat$ only 9 #ahce4 ,! t[n consi/s ( only "o r[ ( build+s1 almo/ conceal$ 9 g>d5s & runn+ = ne>ly ?ree miles p>allel ) ! ,dniep]4 ,ca!r9e's ,palace1 a bronze /atue :i* repres5ts h] clad 9 ,roman arm\r & cr[n$1 & ! g>d5 ( h] magnific5t fav\rite1 ,pr9ce ,potemk91 con/itute ! sights ( ,ekat]9oslaf1 ! m /rik+ feature ( :i*1 h[ev]1 is its ,jewi% population1 huddl$ toge!r 9 a special qu>t] betwe5 ! riv] & ! baza>4 ,a consid]able numb] ( !m pursue ! fav\rite ,jewi% occupation ( money-*ang+1 & ! ,ekat]9oslaf ,prospekt is dott$ ) _! /&s & _! money-*e/s1 pa9t$ blue & r$4 ,a drive ov] =ty miles ( ,/eppe1 some:at reliev$ 9 its monotony by num]\s anci5t tumuli1 br+ ^? :o d n proce$ by /eam] to ! great naval /ation & comm]cial port ( ,nicolaief1 at ! junction ( ! ,+ul ) ! ,bug4 ,x 0 ! site until #agge ( a ,cossack set*1 or =tifi$ settlem5t1 & 9 #aghi x receiv$ its pres5t appellation 9 commemoration ( ! capture ( ,ot*ak( f ! ,turks on ! fea/-day ( ,/4 ,ni*olas4 ,de/9$ f ! fir/ by ,potemk9 to be ! h>b\r ( a ,russian fleet 9 ! ,black ,sea1 tempor>ily neglect$ by ! naval au?orities1 ,nicolaief reass]t$ its claim to t pr\d position aft] ! fall ( ,seba/opol4 ,x owes mu* ( its pres5t afflu5ce to ! s\nd adm9i/ration ( ,admiral ,samuel ,greig1 son ( ! admiral ( ,scot* p>5tage :o1 ) ! aid ( "s equally gallant c\ntrym51 won = ! ,russians ! naval battle ( ,*esme 9 #agfi4 ,next to ,odessa1 ,nicolaief is ! h&some/ t[n 9 ,new ,russia1 z ?is "p ( ! c\ntry 0 call$ aft] its conque/ f ! ,turks & ,t>t>s4 ,its l>ge trade1 mo/ly 9 gra91 has be5 greatly promot$ by ! railway1 :i* n[ connects ?is important h>b\r ) ,kh>k( & o!r ri* agricultural c5tres4 ,( ! six ports on ! neighb\r+ ,sea ( ,az(1 ,taganrog1 :]e ,alex&] ,i4 di$ 9 #ahbe1 is ! mo/ consid]able1 al?\gh /eam]s h to an*or at a consid]able di/ance f x1 ow+ to ! %all[ness ( ! road/ead4 ,! annual value ( its exports ( corn1 wool1 tall[1 etc41 is ab\t five millions /]l+1 &1 z at ,nicolaief1 ,briti% %ipp+ is *iefly employ$ 9 ! trade4 ,mu* ( ! produce %ipp$ "h comes f ,ro/ov-on-!-,don1 ! *ief c5tre ( inl& trade 9 ! s\?-ea/ prov9ces ( ,russia1 & "o 9 :i* _m indu/ries 7especially ! manipulation ( tobacco gr[n 9 ! ,caucasus & ! ,crimea71 are pursu$4 ,a %ort di/ance above ?is great m>t is ,novo*]kask1 ! capital ( ! ,c\ntry ( ! ,don ,cossacks1 anci5tly ! abode ( ,scy?ians1 ,s>matians1 ,huns1 ,bolg>s1 ,khaz>s & ,t>t>s4 ,! pres5t population dates f ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 :5 r5egades f ,muscovy & vagrants ( e description =m$ !mselves into ,cossack1 or robb] communities4 ,!y attack$ ! ,t>t>s & ,turks1 & 9 #afcg took ! ,turki% =tress ( ,az(4 ,"u ! reign ( ,pet] ! ,great ! p[]ful & indep5d5t ,cossacks 7 n mu* int]f]$ )1 b f #agah !y 7 gradually br\ght "u subjection to ! ,ts>1 :om !y p[]fully assi/$ 9 subsequ5t w>s4 ,! t[n 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahjd1 & is adorn$ ) a bronze monum5t to ! fam\s ,hetman 7,ataman or *ief7 ,plat(1 lead] ( ! ,cossacks betwe5 #aggj & #ahaf4 ,x is usual to be/[ on ! ,russian heir-app>5t ! title ( ,ataman ( ! ,don ,cossacks4 ,! la/ inve/iture ) ,cossack baton took place 9 #ahhg1 :5 also ! reign+ ,emp]or confirm$1 at a circle1 or op5-air assemblage1 all ! anci5t rights & privileges ( ! w>like ,cossacks ( ! ,don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kh>k(4 ,! *ief t[n ( ! ,kuban di/rict is ,ekat]9od>1 a "n :i* signifies1 lit]ally1 ,ca!r9e's gift1 f hav+ be5 f\nd$ by ! sov]eign ( t "n & be/[$1 9 #agib1 toge!r ) ! adjac5t t]ritory1 on ! ,zaporogian1 subsequ5tly kn[n z ! ,black ,sea ,cossacks4 ,ca!r9e mi/ru/$ _! p[] & influ5ce1 & tempt$ !m to ! ,kuban ) grants ( l& & o!r privileges4 ,! fir/ s]vice ( "s #bj1jjj ( ^? new w>rior settl]s consi/$ 9 b>r+ all egress f ! m\nta9s1 by means ( a fir/ =tifi$ l9e ( /ations t ext5d$ to ,vladikavkas1 :]e !y unit$ ) ! desc5dants ( ! ,greb5ski ,cossacks1 ) :om !y are n to be conf\nd$4 ,! pr$om9ant type among/ ! ,zaporogians is /ill t ( ! ,little ,russians1 ! ,greb5ski cont9u+ to pres]ve _! id5tity ) ! natives ( ,great ,russia1 :5ce _! orig92 & al?\gh ! :ole ( ?is impos+ =ce1 ma9ta9$ at half a million1 has long s9ce adopt$ ! dress ( ! ,caucasian m\nta9e]s1 ! ,cossacks rema9 true to ! or?odox fai? & to ! cu/oms ( _! =efa!rs1 ^: v]nacul> tongue has nev] be5 =gott5 by !m4 ,! dress s univ]sally worn by ! male sex1 ev5 f boyhood1 9 all p>ts ( ! ,caucasus1 consi/s ( a s+le-brea/$ g>m5t1 l a frock-coat1 b rea*+ almo/ to ! ankles1 tight5$ 9 closely at ! wai/1 ) a belt f :i* are susp5d$ dagg]1 sword1 & frequ5tly a pi/ol1 & hav+ on ei!r brea/ a r[ ( t5 or twelve sockets1 ea* ( a size to hold a c>tridge4 ,a rifle1 :i* e man possesses1 is slung across ! back2 & a tall %eep-sk9 hat f9i%$ (f at its summit ) a piece ( col\r$ clo? completes ! co/ume4 ,! numb] ( ,cossacks 9 ,transcaucasia be+ v limit$1 = a few only are /ation$ 9 ea* pr9cipal t[n1 *iefly z an escort to ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce1 _! duties are p]=m$ by ,*ap>s1 an irregul> =ce1 equally da%+ horsem51 & tra9$ 9 l mann] f e>ly y\? 9 ^? s+ul> ex]cises & breakneck evolutions = :i* ! ,cossacks ( ! ,caucasus h become s fam\s4 ,sett+ _! horses at full gallop1 !y w /& on ! saddle & fire all ar\nd at an imag9>y enemy2 or ?r[ ! body completely ov] to ! "r1 ) ! left heel re/+ on _! /e$'s h9d qu>t]1 & fire z if at an enemy 9 pursuit1 or turn clean r\nd1 & sitt+ a/ride fac+ ! horse's tail1 keep up a rapid fire4 ,a fav\rite feat1 among _m o!rs1 is to ?r[ _! hat & rifle to ! gr\nd1 :eel1 & pick !m up :il/ go+ at ! horse's fulle/ spe$4 ,%\ld ! travell] elect to proce$ ea/w>d1 b nor? ( ! great range1 he w meet ) ! ,kab>d9es1 ! fir/ among/ ! ,circassians to ent] into fri5dly relations ) ,russia2 !y are ! blood ( ! ,caucasus1 a noble race1 ?or\ghly dome/icat$1 hospitable to /rang]s1 & useful bre$]s ( cattle4 ,to ! s\? ( ! ,circassians1 & occupy+ ab\t "o hundr$ miles ( ! coa/ 9 ! ,black ,sea1 are ! ,abkhases1 :o h enjoy$ ! reputation1 f "t immemorial1 ( be+ an indol5t & lawless race1 anci5tly giv5 to piracy1 n[ addict$ to ?iev+ :5 ! opportunity is af=d$ !m1 = !y are det]m9$ly inimical to /rang]s4 ,_! m\nta9s ab\nd 9 =e/s ( magnific5t walnut & box1 :]e ! en?usia/ic sportsman w f9d ! be>1 hy5a1 & wolf1 & pl5ty ( small] game1 ) seldom a ro( to cov] him o!r ?an ! vault ( heav52 b ! ord9>y travell] is likely to enc\nt] difficulties & delays t he w\ld pref] to avoid4 ,*ri/ianity 0 "h introduc$ by ,ju/9ian1 :o con/ruct$ _m *ur*es t w\ld h be5 notable specim5s ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 _h ! ,abkhases n de/roy$ !m 9 _! /ruggles aga9/ ! ,russians1 e su* edifice be+ occupi$ & conv]t$ by ! latt] into a milit>y po/4 ,"o *ur*1 at ,pitzunda on ! coa/1 rem>kable z be+ ! place to :i* ,john ,*ryso/om 0 bani%$ at ! in/ance ( ,empress ,eudoxia--al?\gh ! exile nev] rea*$ 8 de/9ation--hav+ escap$ ! g5]al de/ruction1 has be5 ?or\ghly re/or$ ( late ye>s1 & is a /rik+ object to pass+ vessels4 ,be+ ! "m *ur* 9 ! ,caucasus1 ,pitzunda1 !n ,pityus1 cont9u$ to be ! seat ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,abkhasia until ! ,twelf? ,c5tury4 ,practically1 ! ,abkhases are at pres5t hea!ns4 ,f>!r s\?1 & ext5d+ "s way inl& f ! sea1 is ! pr9cipality ( ,m+relia1 :]e we aga9 tread classic gr\nd1 inasmu* z our w&]+s h br\ght u to ! ,a,ea ( ,circe & ! ,argonauts4 ,9 a ,m+relian l&scape we are /ruck at ! aspect af=d$ by ! num]\s :itewa%$ cottages z !y dot ! well-wood$ hills4 ,! ,m+relians1 too1 l _! neighb\rs :om we h j quitt$1 are incurably giv5 to indol5ce1 except 9 ! mak+ ( w9e f _! abundant v9ey>ds2 o!rwise !y are cont5t to live on ! produce ( _! or*>ds1 prolific ?r\gh ! int]position ( a b5efic5t ,provid5ce r ?an to any agricultural dilig5ce on _! "p4 ,!y may c]ta9ly be includ$ among/ ! h&some/ p 9 ,transcaucasia1 ) _! well-def9$ features & usually rav5 black hair4 ,! ,dadian1 or pr9ce1 is ! weal?ie/ ( ! dispossess$ rul]s3 ! =esight ( 8 pr$ecessor & 8 own ,european tra9+ hav+ taught him ! dang] ( dispos+ ( l& & squ&]+ ! proce$s1 r ?an pres]v+ ! prop]ty & cont5t+ himself ) a small] income4 ,betwe5 ,m+relia & ,abkhasia c\rses ! ,+ur1 & if we asc5d to ne> its wat]-%$--a j\rney easily accompli%$ on horse-back1 say f ,s\gdidi1 ! well-kn[n milit>y /ation--we %\ld f9d ourselves among/ a v wild & s+ul> p1 ! ,svanni1 ^: complete subjugation dates back no f>!r x may be said ?an #ahgf1 al?\gh !y made a =mal submission 9 #ahcc4 ,!y occupy "s =ty or fifty miles ( ! upp] valley ( ! ,+ur1 at no "p exce$+ t5 miles 9 wid?1 & are cut (f f all outside communication betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] & ! end ( ,may1 9 consequ5ces ( ! passes be+ block$ ) sn[4 ,! sc5]y 9 ?is valley1 writes a rec5t travell]1 is ( great beauty & wildness1 & gr& beyond description2 amid ! mo/ pr(use vegetation1 e imag9able fl[] is se5 9 its wild /ate1 & bank1 mead[1 hill-side & grass plot are lit]ally cov]$ ) all t is mo/ lovely2 9 e =e/ & grove1 & all und]gr[? ev51 inde$ :]ev] ! pure air ( heav5 & its div9e light is n ob/ruct$1 ! e>? is ?us gorge\sly array$4 ,,9 ,,! ,,caucasus ,j4 ,,bu*an ,,tell] ,return+ to ,m+relia1 we f9d x b\nd$ on ! s\? by ! riv] ,rion1 ! anci5t ,phasis1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! c\ntry :5ce 0 introduc$ into ,europe ! ,phasian bird--our pheasant4 ,! ,rion divides ,m+relia f ,guria1 ano!r pr9cipality1 :]e is situat$ ,bat\m1 a some:at pe/if]\s b important milit>y /ation & comm]cial port1 t has t5d$ 9 no small degree1 s9ce its annexation to ,russia 9 #ahgh1 t[>ds ! developm5t ( ! res\rces ( ?is beautiful c\ntry1 int]sect$ ) good roads ?r\gh valleys highly cultivat$ ) maize1 corn1 & b>ley1 ! hills & _! declivities be+ ov]spread ) ! oak & box1 export$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & yield+ h&some returns4 ,ozurgheti1 ! *ief t[n1 attractively situat$1 0 ! resid5ce ( ! rul]s :o lie int]r$ at ! anci5t mona/]y & episcopal *ur*1 ,*emokm$y1 ab\t six miles di/ant4 ,pass5g]s f ,odessa & ! ,crimea l&+ at ,bat\m f9d ! tra9 9 read9ess to convey !m to ,tiflis1 ! capital ( ! :ole ,transcaucasia1 rea*$ 9 ab\t fifte5 h\rs1 ! tra9 travell+ sl[ly en\gh1 b ?r\gh a l& ( mu* int]e/1 hi/orically & pictorially4 ,on ! "r1 9 ! di/ance1 are ! highl&s ( ! old k+dom ( ,arm5ia1 to ! left is ,im]itia1 a glory1 l ,m+relia & ,guria1 ( ! pa/4 ,if s incl9$1 ! travell] may ex*ange1 at ,rion /ation1 ! ma9 = a bran* l9e1 :i* w take him to ,kutais1 ! *ief t[n ( ! old k+dom ( ,im]itia1 :]e he may t>ry = a :ile to great advantage4 ,x is ! anci5t ,khytaea1 ! resid5ce ( ,a,etes2 at any rate a city ( great antiquity1 beautifully situat$ on ! banks ( ! ,rion4 ,betwe5 ,kutais & ,tiflis is ! ,pass ( ,suram1 at an altitude ( ?ree ?\s& & tw5ty-sev5 feet1 ov] :i* are laid ! l9es ( rail by gradi5ts ( "o 9 tw5ty-two feet ov] a di/ance ( ab\t eight miles2 a triumph ( eng9e]+ skill due1 z is ! entire railway1 to ,briti% capital & ent]prise4 ,beyond ?is ,pass ! tra9 /ops at ,gori1 situat$ at ! limits ( a glori\s pla91 wat]$ by ! ,kur & its tribut>ies4 ,s9ce fairly good accommodation is obta9able1 x 7 well to halt at ?is /ation = ! purpose ( visit+ ! unique rock-cut t[n1 ,uplytztzykhe1 "s eight miles (f4 ,"h is a t[n--!re c be no o!r designation = x--consi/+ ( public edifices--if su* a t]m may be employ$--( l>ge habitations1 presumably = ! great1 small] dwell+s = o!rs1 ea* be+ conv5i5tly divid$1 & hav+ doorways1 op5+s = light1 & p>titions1 :ile _m are ornam5t$ ) cornices1 m\ld+s1 beams & pill>s4 ,! gr\ps are sep>at$ by /reets & lanes1 & grooves h be5 cut1 unque/ionably = wat]-c\rses1 & yet ! :ole has be5 entirely hewn & %ap$ out ( ! solid rock4 ,tradition is replete ) incid5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ^! rem>kable excavations1 b fai?ful hi/oriograph]s h hi!rto refra9$ f endors+ any ( ! tales t h be5 h&$ d[n by romanc]s ( ,georgia4 ,tiflis1 ! *ief seat ( ,gov]nm5t & resid5ce ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1 hav+ a population ( ab\t "o hundr$ ?\s& s\ls1 is unpleasantly situat$ betwe5 ranges ( p]fectly b>r5 hills1 & b = ! ,riv] ,kur1 on ! banks ( :i* x is built1 w\ld be almo/ un9habitable4 ,hav+ driv5 ?r\gh ! suburbs on 8 way f ! railway t]m9us1 ! travell] crosses ! ,kur ov] ! ,woronz(f ,bridge1 :i* at once br+s him to ! pr9cipal /reet1 :]e he passes 9 succession ! public g>d5s1 gymnasium1 law-c\rts1 palace ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1 ! ma9 gu>d-h\se1 public libr>y1 museum1 etc42 by :i* "t he w h rea*$ ,palace ,/reet & ,erivan ,squ>e1 :]e are situat$ ! be/ hotels & re/aurants1 & ! ,national ,!atre4 ,f ! squ>e ?ree ma9 ?or\ghf>es lead to z _m sep>ate qu>t]s1 viz43 ! ,european1 :]e ! weal?y live 9 well-built h\ses ( elegant con/ruction2 ! native baza>s1 & ! m>ketplace & ,russian baza>4 ,an ext5sive view ( ! city & an int]e/+ sight is obta9$ f ! em95ce cr[n$ by ! old =tress :i* imm$iately ov]looks ! ,asiatic qu>t] & baza>s1 :5ce rise ! confus$ s\nds ( human cries & ! d9 f ! iron1 brass1 & copp]-work]s4 ,z is ! cu/om else:]e 9 ! ,ea/1 ^? ( "o trade congregate toge!r1 ap>t f ! o!r trades1 & s are pass$ a succession ( silv]smi?s 9 _! /alls1 ( furri]s1 arm\r]s1 or eat+ & w9e-%ops1 ! w9e ( ! c\ntry be+ kept 9 buffalo1 goat1 or %eep-sk9s laid on _! back1 & pres5t+ ! disagreeable appe>ance ( c>cases swoll5 aft] l5g!n$ imm]sion 9 wat]4 ,! ,georgians are m]ry folk1 r>ely all[+ !mselves to be depress$ by ! tr\bles ( life4 ,!y love w9e & music1 & ev] seek to drive away dull c>e by indulg+ 9 _! fav\rite ,kakhety--two bottles be+ ! usual all[ance to a man's d9n]1 an all[ance1 h[ev]1 greatly exce$$ :51 ( an ev5+1 fri5ds meet toge!r to jo9 9 ! national dance1 call$ ! ,lezgh9ka4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,zion 0 =m]ly ! *ur* ( ! ,patri>* ( ,georgia4 ,x dates f ! ,fif? ,c5tury1 & encloses t mo/ preci\s relic1 ) :i* ! nation 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,f\r? ,c5tury--no?+ less ?an a cross ( v9e /ems b\nd ) ! hair ( ,/4 ,n9a1 ! patron sa9t1 :o fir/ prea*$ ! tru?6 ,! patri>*ate has long be5 suppress$1 & is replac$ by a ,russian ,ex>*1 s t ! ,georgian ,*ur* may be consid]$ 9 all respects id5tical ) t ( ,russia4 ,! palace ( ! k+s has entirely disappe>$1 = n a ve/ige rema9s4 ,george ,,xiii4 sign$ 8 r5unciation ( ! cr[n 9 fav\r ( ! ,emp]or ,paul 9 #ahjj1 & di$ %ortly aft]w>ds amid ! execrations ( 8 subjects1 = hav+ ignom9i\sly betray$ !m4 ,_m ( 8 desc5dants are 9 ! s]vice ( ,russia1 & are ! repres5tatives ( "o ( ! mo/ anci5t mon>*ies ( ! _w--= ! ,bagrations fir/ rose to p[] 9 #ehg2 & if all[ance be made = int]regnums x w be f\nd t _! reign ext5d$ ov] #ajib ye>s1 dur+ ! twelve c5turies t elaps$ f _! e>lie/ election4 ,z ,georgia is ! l& ( w9e & song1 s is ,arm5ia ess5tially ! l& ( leg5d & tradition1 = :i* mu/ be held 9 great "p responsible ! magnific5t m\nta9 t exhibits itself sudd5ly at a dip 9 ! road long be=e ! pla9s are 9 sight4 ,well may ! ,arm5ians glory 9 _! ,ar>at1 pe]less among ! mighty works ( ! ,creator1 almo/ symmetrical 9 its outl9es1 & ris+ to an altitude ( #af1iaf feet above ! sea1 ,less] ,ar>at1 #ab1hdj feet1 look+ almo/ dw>f$ by ! side ( its mighty neighb\r4 ,at ,erivan1 ! l>ge/ city 9 ,russian ,arm5ia1 ! travell] w f9d fairly good accommodation1 b ! place is dull en\gh1 :e!r 9 ! ,p]sian qu>t]1 :]e crook$ lanes are l9$ ) high walls1 t mask ! dwell+s )9 l ! def5ces ( a =tress1 or 9 ! broad /reets & unpav$ qu>t] laid out by ! ,russians s9ce _! occupation ( ! prov9ce 9 #ahbi1 ev5 ?\gh enliv5$ by a b\lev>d & g>d5s fair to look ^u4 ,! population is ,arm5ian & ,p]sian1 = ,p]sia rul$ "h dur+ a consid]able p]iod until vanqui%$ by ,russia2 b at ! baza> "o meets ) o!r nationalities1 su* z ,t>t>s f ! ,/eppes1 ,kurds1 ,greeks1 & ,turki% deal]s 9 se>* ( good horses1 ^u :i* !y w fly across ! fronti]1 defy+ ,cossacks & cu/om (fic]s alike4 ,)9 a %ort di/ance ( ,erivan1 & ! po/-/ation ne>e/ to ! ,p]sian fronti]1 is ,nahit*evan1 ! fir/ abode ( ,noah aft] he came =? f ! ark1 & probably also 8 la/1 s9ce 8 tomb is rev]5tly %[n by ! inhabitants1 :o eag]ly escort /rang]s to see x4 ,o!r /ill m important t[ns 9 ,arm5ia1 available by c>riage-road1 are ,alex&ropol & ,k>s1 ! =m] be+ ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful =tress & ! pr9cipal ars5al 9 ,transcaucasia2 ! latt]1 long a ,turki% =tress t[n1 0 gallantly def5d$ 9 #ahee by ,sir ,f5wick ,williams & a few ,briti% (fic]s1 until ! g>rison 0 />v$ into surr5d] by ,g5]al ,m\ravieff4 ,k>s 0 f9ally c$$ to ,russia by ! ,treaty ( ,b]l9 9 #ahgh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tiflis4 ,a ,t>t> city br\ght into prom95ce ( late ye>s ?r\gh ! introduction ( railways is ,elizavetpol1 on ! l9e betwe5 ,tiflis & ! ,caspian1 :]e we mu/ n[ pick ourselves up aft] hav+ retrac$ our /eps f ! pla9s1 to j\rney by rail to dismal look+ ,baku--a t[n ( rec5t creation1 approa*$ ?r\gh a des]t ( s& & /ones1 :]e nei!r vegetable nor animal life c possibly f9d an exi/5ce4 ,view$ f ! sea1 ,baku pres5ts a di/9ctly picturesque appe>ance1 ) its sombre citadel1 num]\s m9>ets1 & ! palace ( ! pr9ces ( bygone days t[]+ above ! old t[n1 :]e ! h\ses look z if !y 7 pil$ ! "o above ! o!r--! new or ,russian qu>t] be+ at ! base1 & l9+ ! %ore ( ! pretty little bay4 ,mod]n ,baku conta9s "s h&some resid5ces & well-pav$ /reets1 ! pr9cipal be+ ! busy quay1 con/ruct$ ( massive blocks ( grey/one masonry1 :]e ! naph?a1 ! weal? ( ,baku1 is emb>k$ = transport to ! int]ior ( ,russia by ! ,volga1 or = conveyance across ! ,caspian to ,c5tral ,asia4 ,num]\s ref9]ies1 wor? inspect+1 at ! we/ end ( ,baku compose ! ,black ,t[n1 s call$ f its begrim$ condition1 & f be+ ev] envelop$ 9 cl\ds ( ! d5se/ smoke4 ,s9ce a remote p]iod has ?is neighb\rhood be5 consid]$ holy by fire-wor%ipp]s1 because ( ! _m naph?a spr+s t 7 con/antly burn+1 "s ev5 p]petually2 inde$1 ! fires at ,surakan1 a suburb ( ,baku1 cont9u$ to be gu>d$ by fire-wor%ipp]s f ,yezd 9 ,p]sia1 & ev5 f ,india1 until1 ) ! connivance ( ! gov]nm5t1 !y 7 hu/l$ away "s t5 ye>s ago by ! increas+ numb] ( speculators engag$ 9 a trade :i* has n[ completely driv5 out ( ! m>ket all ,am]ican produce4 ,9 ,daghe/an is ,gunib1 ! la/ /ronghold ( ! brave ,%amyl1 :om ! /r5g? ( ,russia 0 unequal to subdue dur+ ! space ( ?irty ye>s4 ,d ! ,russians say t !y are num]\s z ! gra9s ( s&8 ,!n are we ! waves t w c>ry away t s&1 said ! great ,t>t> *ief address+ ! num]\s tribes :o plac$ !mselves "u 8 lead]%ip to repel ! invad]4 ,! m\nta9e]s po/$ !mselves on ! heights1 &1 hidd5 by trees1 %ot d[n _! enemies 9 scores z !y advanc$ 9 column up ! n>r[ defiles4 ,! great ?or\ghf>e betwe5 ,transcaucasia & ,russia is f ,tiflis to ,vladikavkaz1 ! t]m9us ( ! ,mosc[-,ro/( railway1 by way ( ! ,d>iel road1 a /up5d\s eng9e]+ success complet$ 9 ! reign ( ,ni*olas4 ,?is road w9ds ov] a pass #g1igg feet above ! sea1 & is kept 9 repair & cle> = traffic 9 w9t] by ! ,ossets1 ^: c\ntry x trav]ses1 9 return = :i* s]vice !y are exempt f all taxes4 ,:5 ! travell] w h complet$ ! j\rney f ,tiflis to ,vladikavkaz1 he w h arriv$ at ! depot & po9t ( transit = all goods br\ght by rail f ,russia1 & !re transf]r$1 = conveyance to ! ,transcaucasian prov9ces1 to clumsy1 unwieldly c>ts or vans drawn by horses or ox52 ^? 9 *>ge ( ! c>avans nev] be+ 9 a hurry1 completely indiff]5t z to :5 !y />t1 or :5 !y arrive at _! de/9ation1 & rejoic+ 9 a l5g!n$ /ay at ,mlety /ation1 aft] hav+ accompli%$ ! mo/ tiresome "p ( ! di/ance--! asc5t & desc5t ( ! pass4 ,vladikavkaz 0 f\nd$ 9 #aghe on ! site ( an ,osset village1 & became ! headqu>t]s & *ief milit>y depot ( ! ,russians dur+ _! l5g!n$ /ruggle = supremacy ) ! /\t-he>t$ hillm52 x is n[ ! *ief t[n & seat ( gov]nm5t = ! prov9ce ( ,kuban1 & /ill an important milit>y /ation4 ,! population is made up ( ,circassians1 ,arm5ians1 & ,russians1 & a few ,ossets at ! baza>s1 = ! natives made (f long ago4 ,! *ief indu/ries are ! manufacture ( silv] & gold lace1 arms1 burkas1 ! ,caucasian's all-wea!rs cloak1 silv] ornam5ts1 etc4 ,! hotels are fairly good1 b !re be+ no?+ at ,vladikavkaz itself suffici5tly invit+ to enc\rage a long] /ay ?an is absolutely necess>y1 ! foll[+ *oice ( r\tes lays be=e ! /rang]4 ,he may po/ ?r\gh ,ea/]n ,caucasus & emb>k at ,petrovsk = ,a/rakhan & ! t$i\s voyage up ! ,volga2 or take ! railway to ,ro/( en r\te to ,mosc[2 or travel by rail to ,novorossisk on ! ,black ,sea1 & !re emb>k2 or1 foll[+ t l9e z f> z ,ekat]9od>1 po/ !nce to ,taman & cross ! /raits to ,k]t*4 ,,khiva ,,fr$ ,,burnaby ,we 7 n[ fa/ ne>+ ,khiva1 :i* c\ld be j disc]n$ 9 ! di/ance1 b 0 hidd51 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 f our view by a n>r[ belt ( tall1 graceful trees2 h[ev]1 "s ri*ly-pa9t$ m9>ets & high domes ( col\r$ tiles c\ld be se5 t[]+ above ! leafy groves4 ,or*>ds surr\nd$ by walls eight & t5 feet high1 cont9ually met ! gaze1 & av5ues ( mulb]ry-trees /udd$ ! l&scape 9 all directions4 ,! two ,khivans rode fir/2 ,i foll[$1 hav+ put on my black fur pelisse in/ead ( ! %eep-sk9 g>m5t1 s z to pres5t a m respectable appe>ance on ent]+ ! city4 ,naz>1 :o 0 m\nt$ on ! horse t /umbl$1 br\ght up ! re>4 ,he _h desir$ ! camel-driv] to foll[ 9 ! di/ance ) ! mess5g] & ! c>avan2 my s]vant be+ ( op9ion t ! numb] ( our animals 0 n suffici5t to deeply impress ! ,khivans ) my importance1 & t on ?is occasion x 0 bett] to ride 9 )\t any c>avan ?an ) ! small "o ,i possess$4 ,we n[ ent]$ ! city1 :i* is ( an oblong =m1 & surr\nd$ by two walls3 ! out] "o is ab\t fifty feet high3 its basem5t is con/ruct$ ( bak$ bricks1 ! upp] "p be+ built ( dri$ clay4 ,?is =ms ! fir/ l9e ( def5se1 & completely encircles ! t[n1 :i* is ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile )9 ! wall4 ,f\r high wood5 gates1 clamp$ ) iron1 b>r$ ! approa* f ! nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/1 :ile ! walls !mselves 7 9 _m places out ( repair4 ,! t[n itself is surr\nd$ by a second wall1 n q s high z ! "o j describ$1 & ) a dry dit*1 :i* is n[ half fill$ ) ru9$ debris4 ,! slope :i* leads f ! wall to ! tr5* has be5 us$ z a cemet]y1 & hundr$s ( sepul*res & tombs 7 scatt]$ along "s undulat+ gr\nd j )\t ! city4 ,! space betwe5 ! fir/ & second walls is us$ z a m>ket-place1 :]e cattle1 horses1 %eep1 & camels are sold1 & :]e a numb] ( c>ts 7 /&+1 fill$ ) corn & grass4 ,"h an om9\s-look+ cross-beam _h be5 erect$1 t[]+ high above ! heads ( ! p ) its b>e1 gaunt poles4 ,?is 0 ! gall[s on :i* all p convict$ ( !ft are execut$2 murd]]s be+ put to dea? 9 a diff]5t mann]1 hav+ _! ?roats cut f e> to e> 9 ! same way t %eep are kill$4 ,?is puni%m5t is c>ri$ out by ! side ( a l>ge hole 9 ! gr\nd1 n f> f ! pr9cipal /reet 9 ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 ,b ,i mu/ "h rem>k t ! _m cruelties /at$ to h be5 p]petrat$ by ! pres5t ,khan previ\s to ! capture ( 8 city did n take place4 ,inde$1 !y only exi/$ 9 ! f]tile ,muscovite imag9ation1 :i* 0 eag] to f9d an excuse = ! appropriation ( a neighb\r's prop]ty4 ,on ! contr>y1 capital puni%m5t 0 only inflict$ :5 ! laws _h be5 infr+$2 & !re is no in/ance ( ! ,khan hav+ arbitr>ily put any "o to dea?4 ,! two walls above m5tion$ appe> to h made up ! def5ses ( ! city1 :i* 0 also arm$ ) sixte5 guns4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 prov$ practically useless aga9/ ! ,russians1 z ! g>rison only fir$ solid %ot1 n be+ provid$ ) %ell4 ,! ,khan seem$ to h made no use :atev] ( ! _m inclos$ g>d5s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! city dur+ ! ,russian advance1 z1 if he _h1 & firmly conte/$ ea* y>d ( soil1 ,i mu* d\bt :e!r ! ,ts>'s troops c\ld h ev] ent]$ ! city4 ,x is difficult to e/imate ! population ( an ,ori5tal city by simply rid+ r\nd its walls2 s _m h\ses are un9habit$1 & o!rs aga9 are d5sely pack$ ) inhabitants4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %\ld say1 z a m]e guess1 t !re are ab\t #be1jjj human be+s )9 ! walls ( ,khiva4 ,! /reets are broad & clean1 :ile ! h\ses belong+ to ! ri*] inhabitants are built ( highly poli%$ bricks & col\r$ tiles1 :i* l5d a *e]ful aspect to ! o!rwise some:at sombre col\r ( ! surr\nd+s4 ,!re are n9e s*ools3 ! l>ge/1 :i* conta9s #acj pupils1 0 built by ! fa!r ( ! pres5t ,khan4 ,^! build+s are all con/ruct$ ) high1 col\r$ domes1 & are ornam5t$ ) frescoes & arabesque "w1 ! bright aspect ( ! cupolas fir/ attract+ ! /rang]'s att5tion on 8 ne>+ ! city4 ,pres5tly we rode ?r\gh a baza> simil> to ! "o at ,oog5t*1 ?9 raft]s & /raw unit+ ! tops ( ! h\ses 9 ! /reet1 & =m+ a sort ( ro( to protect ! /all-keep]s & _! cu/om]s f ! rays ( a summ] sun4 ,we 7 foll[$ by cr[ds ( p2 & z "s ( ! m inquisitive approa*$ too closely1 ! ,khivans :o accompani$ me1 rais+ _! :ips 9 ! air1 freely belab\r$ ! %\ld]s ( ! multitude1 ?us secur+ a little space4 ,aft] rid+ ?r\gh a great numb] ( /reets1 & tak+ ! mo/ circuit\s c\rse--probably 9 ord] to duly impress me ) an idea ( ! importance ( ! t[n--we arriv$ be=e my companion's h\se4 ,sev]al s]vants ran =w>d & took hold ( ! horses4 ,! ,khivan dism\nt$1 &1 b[+ obsequi\sly1 l$ ! way ?r\gh a high door-way con/ruct$ ( solid timb]4 ,we next ent]$ a squ>e op5 c\rt1 ) c>v$ /one pill>s support+ a balcony :i* look$ d[n ^u a m>ble f\nta91 or bas91 ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! c\rt be+ t ( a patio 9 "s nobleman's h\se 9 ,cordova or ,seville4 ,a door ( a simil> con/ruction to ! "o already describ$1 ?\gh some:at l[]1 gave access to a long1 n>r[ room1 a rais$ dais at ea* end be+ cov]$ ) h&some rugs4 ,!re 7 no w9d[s1 glass be+ a luxury :i* has only rec5tly f\nd its way to ! capital2 b ! ap>tm5t receiv$ its light f an ap]ture at ! side1 :i* 0 slightly conceal$ by "s trellis-"w1 & f a space left uncov]$ 9 ! ceil+1 :i* 0 adorn$ ) arabesque figures4 ,! two doors :i* l$ f ! c\rt 7 ea* ( !m h&somely c>v$1 & 9 ! middle ( ! room 0 a he>? fill$ ) *>coal emb]s4 ,my ho/1 beckon+ to me to take ! po/ ( hon\r by ! fire1 retir$ a few paces & fold$ 8 arms across 8 *e/2 !n1 assum+ a deprecatory air1 he ask$ my p]mission to sit d[n4 ,grapes1 melons1 & o!r fruit1 fre% z on ! day :5 fir/ pick$1 7 br\ght 9 on a l>ge tray & laid at my feet1 :ile ! ho/ himself1 br++ 9 a ,russian tea-pot & cup1 p\r$ out "s ( ! boil+ liquid & plac$ x by my side2 ,i all ?is "t be+ seat$ on a rug1 ) my legs cross$ "u me1 9 any?+ b a com=table position4 ,he !n inquir$ if ,i _h any comm&s = him1 z ! ,khan _h giv5 an ord] t ev]y?+ ,i might require 0 in/antly to be suppli$4 ,9 ! aft]noon two (ficials arriv$ f ! ,khan's palace1 ) an escort ( six m5 on horseback & f\r on foot4 ,! eld] ( ! two dignit>ies said t ,8 ,maje/y 0 wait+ to receive me1 & my horse be+ br\ght r\nd1 ,i m\nt$1 & accompani$ him t[>ds ! palace4 ,! six m5 on horseback l$ ! way1 !n ,i came betwe5 ! two (ficials1 & ,naz> br\ght up ! re> ) "s att5dants on foot1 :o freely la%$ ! cr[d ) _! :ips :5ev] any ( ! spectators approa*$ our horses too closely4 ,! news t ! ,khan 0 ab\t to receive me _h spread rapidly ?r\gh ! t[n1 & ! /reets 7 l9$ ) curi\s individuals all eag] to see ! ,engli%man4 ,p]haps 9 no "p ( ! _w is ,india m talk$ ( ?an 9 ! ,c5tral ,asian khanates2 & ! /ories ( our weal? & p[]1 :i* h rea*$ ,khiva ?r\gh ,afghan & ,bokh>an s\rces1 h gr[n l a sn[-ball 9 its onw>d c\rse1 until ! ri*es describ$ 9 ! g>d5 discov]$ by ,aladd9 w\ld pale if comp>$ ) ! fabl$ treasures ( ,h9doo/an4 ,aft] rid+ ?r\gh sev]al n>r[ /reets1 :]e1 9 "s in/ances1 ! h\se-tops 7 ?rong$ ) p desir\s ( look+ at our procession1 we em]g$ on a small1 flat piece ( gr\nd :i* 0 n built ov]1 & :i* =m$ a sort ( op5 squ>e4 ,"h a deep hole 0 po9t$ out to me z ! spot :]e crim9als :o h be5 f\nd guilty ( murd] _h _! ?roats cut f e> to e>4 ,! ,khan's palace is a l>ge build+1 ornam5t$ ) pill>s & domes1 :i*1 cov]$ ) bright-col\r$ tiles1 fla% 9 ! sun1 & attract ! att5tion ( ! /rang] approa*+ ,khiva4 ,a gu>d ( ?irty or =ty m5 arm$ ) cimet]s /ood at ! palace gates4 ,we next pass$ into a small c\rt-y>d4 ,! ,khan's gu>ds 7 all array$ 9 long fl[+ silk robes ( v>i\s patt]ns1 bright-col\r$ sa%es be+ girt ar\nd _! wai/s1 & tall fur hats surm\nt+ _! bronz$ c\nt5ances4 ,! c\rt-y>d 0 surr\nd$ by a l[ pile ( build+s1 :i* are ! (fices ( ! palace1 & 0 fill$ ) att5dants & m5ials ( ! c\rt1 :ile good-look+ boys ( an effem9ate appe>ance1 ) long hair /ream+ d[n _! %\ld]s1 & dress$ a little l ! wom51 l\ng$ ab\t1 & seem$ to h no?+ 9 p>ticul> to d4 ,a door at ! f>!r end ( ! c\rt gave access to a l[ passage1 &1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh "s dirty corridors1 :]e ,i _h occasionally to /oop 9 ord] to avoid knock+ my head aga9/ ! ceil+1 we came to a l>ge1 squ>e-%ap$ room4 ,"h ! treasur] 0 seat$1 ) ?ree m\llahs1 :o 7 squatt$ by 8 side1 :ile sev]al att5dants cr\*$ 9 humble attitudes at ! opposite end ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,! treasur] & 8 companions 7 busily engag$ 9 c\nt+ "s rolls ( ruble-notes & a heap ( silv] co91 :i* has be5 receiv$ f ! ,khan's subjects1 & 7 n[ to be s5t to ,petro-,alex&rovsk z "p ( ! tribute to ! ,ts>4 ,! great man n[ made a sign to "s ( 8 att5dants1 :5 a l>ge wood5 box1 be>+ signs ( hav+ be5 manufactur$ 9 ,russia1 0 pu%$ a little f ! wall & (f]$ to me z a seat4 ,naz> 0 accommodat$ among ! dep5d5ts at ! o!r end ( ! room4 ,aft] ! usual salaams _h be5 made1 ! function>y cont9u$ 8 task1 leav+ me 9 ignorance z to :at 0 to be ! next "p ( ! programme2 ,naz> squatt+ himself z f> z possible f "o ( ! att5dants1 :o 0 arm$ ) a cimet]1 & :om he suspect$ ( be+ ! execution]4 ,aft] ,i _h be5 kept wait+ = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 a mess5g] ent]$ ! room & in=m$ ! treasur] t ! ,khan 0 dis5gag$1 & ready to receive me4 ,we n[ ent]$ a long corridor1 :i* l$ to an inn] c\rt-y>d4 ,"h we f\nd ! reception-hall1 a l>ge t5t1 or kibitka1 ( a dome-l %ape4 ,! treasur]1 lift+ up a fold ( ?ick clo?1 motion$ to me to ent]1 & on do+ s ,i f\nd myself face to face ) ! celebrat$ ,khan1 :o 0 recl9+ aga9/ "s pill[s or cu%ions1 & seat$ on a h&some ,p]sian rug1 w>m+ 8 feet by a circul> he>? fill$ ) burn+ *>coal4 ,he rais$ 8 h& to 8 =ehead z ,i /ood be=e him1 a salute :i* ,i return$ by t\*+ my cap4 ,he !n made a sign = me to sit d[n by 8 side4 ,be=e ,i relate our conv]sation1 x may n be un9t]e/+ if ,i describe ! sov]eign4 ,he is tall] ?an ! av]age ( 8 subjects1 be+ q five feet t5 9 height1 & is /rongly built3 8 face is ( a broad1 massive type1 he has a l[1 squ>e =ehead1 l>ge d>k eyes1 a %ort /raight nose ) dilat$ no/rils1 & a coal-black be>d & mu/a*e2 :ile an enorm\s m\?1 ) irregul> b :ite tee?1 & a *9 some:at conceal$ by 8 be>d1 & n at all 9 "* ) ! o!rwise det]m9$ appe>ance ( 8 face1 mu/ complete ! picture4 ,he did n look m ?an eight-&-tw5ty1 & has a pleasant1 g5ial smile1 & a m]ry tw9kle 9 8 eye1 v unusual among ,ori5tals2 9 fact1 to me an expression 9 ,spani% w\ld bett] describe 8 face ?an any ,engli% "o ,i c ?9k (4 ,x is v simpatica1 & ,i mu/ say ,i 0 greatly surpris$1 aft] all t has be5 writt5 9 ,russian newspap]s ab\t ! cruelties & o!r iniquities p]petrat$ by ?is ,khivan pot5tate1 to f9d ! orig9al su* a *e]y sort ( fell[4 ,8 c\nt5ance 0 ( a v diff]5t type f 8 treasur]'s4 ,! hang-dog expression ( ! latt] made me bili\s to look at him1 & x 0 said t he c>ri$ to great l5g?s ^! peculi> vices & deprav$ habits to :i* ,ori5tals are s (t5 addict$4 ,! ,khan 0 dress$ 9 a simil> sort ( co/ume to t g5]ally worn by 8 subjects1 b x 0 made ( mu* ri*] mat]ials1 & a jewell$ sword 0 ly+ by 8 seat4 ,8 head 0 cov]$ by a tall black ,a/rakhan hat1 ( a sug>-loaf %ape2 & on my see+ t all ! (ficials :o 7 9 ! room at ! same "t z myself kept on _! fur hats1 ,i did ! same4 ,! sov]eign1 turn+ to an att5dant1 gave an ord] 9 a l[ tone1 :5 tea 0 in/antly br\ght1 & h&$ to me 9 a small porcela9 tea-cup4 ,a conv]sation ) ! ,khan 0 n[ comm5c$1 & c>ri$ on ?r\gh ,naz> & a ,kirghiz int]pret] :o spoke ,russian1 & occasionally by means ( a m\llah1 :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ,arabic1 & _h sp5t "s "t 9 ,egypt4 ,,! ,,trans-,,sib]ian ,,railway ,,william ,,durban ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railroad may be describ$ 9 a few words4 ,x is by f> ! longe/ railway on e>?4 ,x is v mu* m solidly con/ruct$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,! road b$ is p]fectly firm1 & ! track is well balla/$4 ,?\gh 9 c]ta9 ( ! sections f> to ! ea/ great eng9e]+ difficulties _h to be cont5d$ )1 ! gradi5ts on ! great] "p ( ! r\te are rem>kably easy4 ,uni=mity ( gauge is ! keynote ( ,russian railway eng9e]s4 ,accord+ly 9 possess+ a five-foot guage1 ! ,great ,sib]ian is uni=m ) all ! railroads ?r\gh\t ! ,russian ,empire4 ,?us1 ! ample bread? ( ! c>s h>monizes ) ! luxury :i* a/oni%es ! travell] :o visits ,russia = ! fir/ "t1 no matt] 9 :at region ( ! ,empire he happ5s to be t\r+4 ,! great height ( ! c>riages1 proportionate ) ! wid?1 adds to ! impos+ aspect ( ! tra9s4 ,x is necess>y to be> ^! consid]ations 9 m9d1 = ! idea prevails ?r\gh\t ! _w outside ,russia t ?is colossal road 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh1 n only ) great ha/e1 b also on a flimsy & sup]ficial sy/em4 ,! bridges are necess>ily v num]\s1 = ,sib]ia is a l& ( mighty riv]s ) c\ntless tribut>ies4 ,all ! p]man5t bridges are ( iron4 ,^? :i* 7 tempor>ily made ( timb] are be+ 9 e case recon/ruct$1 & ! ,great ,sib]ian includes "s ( ! mo/ magnific5t bridges 9 ! _w4 ,! bridge ov] ! ,irti% is unrivall$4 ,be+ ne>ly f\r miles long1 x is on t acc\nt ph5om5al2 b its /up5d\s pi]s1 design$ specially to resi/ ! fe>ful pressure ( ! ice1 w\ld alone conv9ce any sceptic ( ! det]m9ation ( ! ,russian adm9i/ration to sp>e none ( ! res\rces ( ! ,empire 9 ord] to make ?is railway absolutely effici5t1 alike = m]cantile & milit>y purposes4 ,! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway is int5d$ to create a new ,sib]ia4 ,x is already fulfill+ t aim1 z ,i %all %[4 ,! mo/ pot5t ( ! civiliz+ factors ( ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury is 9 ?is ent]prise pres5t$ to ! _w1 & 9 a v few ye>s p w realize ) a/oni%m5t :at ?is railway means4 ,! ,trans-,sib]ian nom9ally beg9s 9 ,europe4 ,x is inaugurat$ by ! magnific5t iron bridge :i* spans ! ,volga at ,sam>a 9 ,ea/ ,russia4 ,! ,volga is "h a giant riv]1 & ?is noble bridge jo9s ! ,european railway sy/em ) ! new ,asiatic l9e4 ,b practically ! ,asian l9e comm5ces 9 ! he>t ( ! ,ural ,m\nta9s1 if t long & broad *a9 ( l[ & pretty hills ought to be dignifi$ ) ! "n ( m\nta9s4 ,"h lies ! little t[n ( ,*eliab9sk1 :i* 9 #ahid 0 ! t]m9us ( ! ,european sy/em4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ,am]icans & ,engli%m5 7 ! real au?ors ( ?is spl5did & romantic s*eme = spann+ ! ,asiatic cont95t ) a railway f we/ to ea/4 ,9 #aheg1 an ,am]ican nam$ ,coll9s came =w>d ) a s*eme = ! =mation ( an ,amur ,railway ,company1 to lay a l9e f ,irkutsk to ,*ita4 ,al?\gh 8 plan 0 n (ficially adopt$1 x 0 c>efully kept 9 m9d1 & x actually =ms ! ma9 & c5tral "p ( ! pres5t l9e4 ,an ,engli% eng9e] (f]$ to lay a tramroad across ,sib]ia1 aft] ,muravieff _h c>ri$ ,russia to ! ,pacific by 8 brilliant annexation ( ! m\?s ( ! ,amur4 ,9 #aheh1 ?ree ,engli%m5 (f]$ to con/ruct a railway f ,mosc[ ?r\gh ,nijni-,novgorod to ,t>t> ,bay4 ,?\gh all proposals by =eign]s h be5 c\rte\sly %elv$1 !y h 9 reality =m$ ! bases ( native ent]prise4 ,x is to ! cr$it ( ,russia t %e has det]m9$ to dep5d on ! en]gy & ability ( h] own sons to c>ry out ?is colossal und]tak+4 ,"o ( ! *ronic tr\bles ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t arises f ! unev5 di/ribution ( ! population4 ,x happ5s t ^? are ! mo/ ?ickly inhabit$ di/ricts :i* are ! lea/ able to support a d5se population4 ,= in/ance1 an imm5se numb] ( villages are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! va/ =e/ regions ( ,c5tral & ,we/]n ,russia1 :]e bir* trees gr[ by millions1 :ile ! great :eat-gr[+ pla9s ( ! we/ c5tre & s\?-we/ are b sp>sely inhabit$4 ,!n aga91 ! infatuation ( ! milit>y olig>*y has be5 evid5c$ 9 ! plan by :i* all ! railways except ?is new ,sib]ian l9e h be5 design$ = purely milit>y purposes4 ,! ,emp]or ,ni*olas insi/$ on all ! l9es be+ develop$ )\t ! slighte/ reg>d to ! wants ( ! t[ns & ! conv5i5ces ( comm]ce4 ,ev5 ! natural facilities = eng9e]+ op]ations 7 n all[$ by t autocrat to be = a mom5t tak5 into consid]ation4 ,8 eng9e]s 7 once consult+ him z to ! exp$i5cy ( tak+ ! l9e f ,/4 ,pet]sburg to ,mosc[ by a slight det\r1 to avoid "s v tr\blesome ob/acles4 ,! ,ts> took up a rul]1 & ) 8 p5cil drew a /raight l9e f ! old metropolis4 ,h&+ back ! *>t1 he p]emptorily said3 ,!re1 g5tlem51 t is to be ! r\te = ! l9e6 ,& c]ta9ly !re is n a /raight] rea* ( #fjj miles on any railroad 9 ! _w1 z e t\ri/ kn[s :o has j\rney$ betwe5 ! two *ief cities ( ! ,russian ,empire4 ,= in/ance1 n v f> beyond ! ,urals !re is "o magnific5t /ret* ( p]fectly /raight road = #aaf v]/s1 or ne>ly eighty miles4 ,! travell] :o expects t on ! great ,sib]ian r\te he w spe$ily f9d himself plung$ into semi-savag]y1 or t he w on leav+ ,europe beg9 to realize ! solitude ( a va/ =lorn wild]ness1 w be agreeably disappo9t$4 ,?is great l9e is int5d$ to c>ry =w>d 9 its progress all ! com=ts ( mod]n civilization4 ,e /ation is picturesque & ev5 arti/ic4 ,no two /ations are alike 9 /yle1 & all are neat1 sub/antial1 com=table1 & comp>able to ! be/ rural /ations any:]e 9 ,europe or ,am]ica4 ,9 "o respect ,russian provision = travell]s is always f> 9 advance ( t 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,^? famili> ) ! c\ntry w "k at once t ,i ref] to ! railway re/aurants4 ,! ,great ,sib]ian foll[s ! rule ( excell5ce & abundance4 ,!re1 at e /ation1 j z on ! ,european side ( ! ,urals1 ! travell] sees on ent]+ ! h&some d9+-room ! imm5se buffet load$ ) fre%ly cook$ ,russian di%es1 always hot & /eam+1 & ( a v>iety n attempt$ 9 any o!r l& except+ at great hotels4 ,y select :at fancy & appetite dictate1 )\t any sup]vision4 ,to d9e at a railway re/aurant any:]e 9 ! ,russian ,empire is "o ( ! luxuries ( travel4 ,y\r d9n] co/s only a r\ble--ab\t two %ill+s1 & :at a d9n] y secure = ! money6 ,s\p1 beef1 /urgeon1 tr\t1 p\ltry1 game1 be>'s fle%1 & vegetables 9 pr(usion are suppli$ ad libitum1 ! visitor simply help+ himself j z he pleases4 ,i m5tion ^! little details to prove t ! longe/ railway 9 ! _w is to pu% civilization ) x z x goes =w>d4 ,read]s :o w glance at any map ( ! new l9e w notice t ! track runs across ! upp] wat]s ( ! great riv]s1 j ab\t :]e !y beg9 to be navigable4 ,all ?r\gh ! summ]1 at any rate1 ,am]ica & ,engl& w1 by ! ,arctic passage & by ^! mighty riv]s1 communicate ) ! he>t ( ,asia1 ! railway 9 ! f> int]ior complet+ ! circle ( comm]ce4 ,o!r results w foll[4 ,sib]ia at pres5t conta9s a population ( f\r million--less by m ?an a million ?an ,london reckons )9 its bord]s4 ,millions ( ! ,russian peasantry 9 ,europe are 9 a condition ( *ronic semi-/>vation4 ,ere long ?\s&s ( ^! w weekly /ream to ! new ,canaan 9 ! ,ea/4 ,)9 ! bord]s ( ,sib]ia1 ! :ole ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica c\ld be enclos$1 ) a great sp>e r+ ar\nd = ! accommodation ( a collection ( little k+doms4 ,9 ! wake ( ! new l9e t[ns are spr++ up l mu%rooms4 ,_m ( ^! w become great cities4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = ?is developm5t4 ,! fir/ is t ! railway runs ?r\gh ,s\? ,sib]ia1 :]e ! climate is delightfully mild comp>$ ) ! rigor\s conditions ( ! atmosph]e fur!r nor?4 ,! next reason is t all ! *ief gold-fields are 9 ?is s\!rn latitude4 ,"o *>act]i/ic wor?y ( note is ! absolute security aim$ at by ! adm9i/ration ( ! l9e4 ,tra9 & track are protect$ by an imm5se army ( gu>ds4 ,! road is divid$ into sections ( a v]/ ea*1 a v]/ be+ ab\t two-?irds ( a mile4 ,e section is m>k$ by a neat cottage1 ! home ( ! gu>d & 8 family4 ,night & day ! gu>d or "o ( 8 h\sehold mu/ patrol ! section4 ,a tra9 is nev] out ( sight ( ! gu>ds1 sev]al ( :om are employ$ :]ev] !re are heavy curves4 ,!re are ne>ly #d1jjj ( ^! gu>ds on ! /ret* betwe5 ! ,urals & ,tomsk4 ,all s5se ( solitude is ?us remov$ f ! m9d ( ! travell]4 ,! old po/ road ?r\gh ,sib]ia is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s r\tes 9 ! _w1 be+ infe/$ by murd]\s brodyags1 or runaway convicts2 b ! ,sib]ian l9e is z safe z ,*eapside or ,ox=d ,/reet4 ,) ! fact ( p]fect safety is soon bl5d$ 9 ! m9d ( ! obs]v] t ( pl5ty4 ,all along ?is wond]ful r\te grass is se5 gr[+ 9 rank luxuriance t c h>dly be equall$ 9 any o!r "p ( ! globe1 ,sib]ia be+ emphatically a grass-gr[+ c\ntry4 ,x is ! orig9al home ( ! :ole granif]\s /ock4 ,:eat is indig5\s to ,sib]ia4 ,"h is ! l>ge/ graz+ region 9 exi/5ce4 ,?r\gh ?is ! tra9 rolls on h\r aft] h\r1 z 9 ,european ,russia x goes on & on ?r\gh int]m9able bir* =e/s4 ,c\ntless h]ds ( animals 9 sup]b condition are ev]y:]e se5 roam+ ov] ^! magnific5t fl[]+ ,/eppes1 ov] :i* ! ,muscovite ,eagle pr\dly floats4 ,p>ts ( ! great railway1 h[ev]1 trav]se regions o!r ?an ^!4 ,to make ! read] und]/& ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ,sib]ia & ! importance ( ! railway 9 ! light ( ^! *>act]i/ics1 a few words mu/ be said ab\t ! ?ree great zones :i* ma9ly make up ! c\ntry4 ,! fir/ is ! tundra1 ! va/ region :i* /ret*es ?r\gh ! nor!rn sub-arctic latitudes4 ,?is desolate belt is n less ?an #e1jjj miles 9 ext5t4 ,9 bread? x v>ies f #bjj to #ejj miles4 ,9 w9t] ! tundra is1 ( c\rse1 "o va/ froz5 %eet4 ,9 ! brief summ] x is swampy1 /eam+1 & sw>m+ ) mosquitoes4 ,treeless & /]ile1 ! tundra is ! home ( /range unc\? tribes1 b x is a valuable tra9+ gr\nd = h>dy hunt]s4 ,to ! m9ds ( mo/ p ! tundra is ,sib]ia4 ,?is mis*iev\s fallacy is difficult to dispel4 ,9 a few ye>s ! ,sib]ian railway w h completely dissipat$ x4 ,mu* m valuable is ! f> wid] zone call$ ! taiga1 ! mo/ wond]ful belt ( =e/ on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,i c te/ify to ! pr(\nd impression ( m+l$ my/]y & delight produc$ on ! m9d by rid+ a ?\s& miles ?r\gh ,russian =e/s z !y /ill exi/ 9 ,european ,russia1 :]e myriads ( squ>e miles 9 ! nor? & c5tre ( ! l& are cov]$ by bir*1 spruce1 l>*1 p9e1 & oak plantations4 ,:]e d ^! =e/s beg9 & :]e d !y h an end8 ,t is ! travell]'s ?\ght4 ,he f9ds t !y ?ick5 & broad51 & deep5 z !y sweep 9 _! maje/ic gloom across ! ,urals1 & make up = ?\s&s ( miles ! gr& ,sib]ian arboreal belt4 ,9 ?is taiga ! ,ts> possesses weal? beyond all computation2 & ! railway w put x actually at 8 disposal4 ,! ?ird zone1 ! mo/ valuable ( all1 is t :i* ma9ly con/itutes ,s\!rn ,sib]ia4 ,x is ! region ( ! ,/eppes1 t endless natural g>d5 :i* aga9 makes ,sib]ia an incomp>able l&4 ,%eet$ ) fl[]s1 v>iegat$ by woodl&s1 x holds 9 its lap ranges ( m\nta9s1 all runn+ ) fairly uni=m tr5d f nor? to s\?1 :ile 9 its he>t lies ! romantic & my/]i\s ,baikal1 ! deepe/ ( lakes4 ,?r\gh ! spurs ( ! taiga1 runn+ irregul>ly ?r\gh ! lovely ,/eppes1 passes ! new railroad1 :i* ?us taps ! *ief res\rces ( ! l&4 ,x w op5 up ! =e/s1 ! arable c\ntry l&1 ! cattle-bre$+ di/ricts1 &1 above all1 ! m9]al deposits4 ,"h is a f9e com+ opportunity = ! capitali/s ( ! _w4 ,! ,sib]ian railway />ts at ,*eliab9sk1 j across ! ,ural ,m\nta9s1 :i* x rea*es ?r\gh ,sam>a on ! ,volga f ! ,european side1 com+ ov] ! b\nd>y hills ?r\gh ,ufa1 ,miass & ,zlat\/4 ,%ortly aft] leav+ ! latt] t[n1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ! ,uralian iron indu/ry1 ! tra9 passes t pa!tic ,monum5t ( ,te>s1 :i* m>ks ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,europe & ,asia4 ,! triangul> po/ ( :ite m>ble1 :i* ?\s&s ( weep+ exiles e ye> embrace z !y pay _! sad f>ewell to ,europe1 is simply inscrib$ on "o ( its ?ree sides1 ,asia1 on ano!r1 ,europe4 ,pass+ d[n ! ea/]n slopes ( ! ,urals ! tra9 soon rea*es ,*eliab9sk1 runn+ beside ! ,isset1 a tribut>y ( ! ,irti%1 "o ( ! ma9 bran*es ( ! gr& ,obi riv]4 ,on leav+ ,*eliab9sk1 ! travell] beg9s to realize t he is 9 ,sib]ia4 ,9 ! ne> future ?is section ( ! l9e w be trav]s$ by _m an explor] & _m a hunt]1 :o w 9 summ] come to seek fre% fields on ! c\rse ( ! ,obi1 to track out t[>ds ! nor? ! haunts ( ! seal1 ! walrus1 & ! :ite be>4 ,! l9e crosses ! ,tobol at ,kurgan1 ! ,i%im at ,patropavlosk1 & ! ,irti% at ,omsk1 :]e ! maje/ic new bridge spans a /ream ( two hundr$ y>ds4 ,! ?ree f9e riv]s are conflu5ts ( ! ,obi4 ,kurgan lies embosom$ 9 ! f9e/ & ri*e/1 z well z ! l>ge/ pa/urage 9 ! _w4 ,! magnitude ( ?is und]tak+ may be imag9$ f ! fact t ! ,y5isei riv] is only rea*$ aft] a ride ( #b1jjj miles f ,*eliab9sk1 & !n ! travell] has n trav]s$ half ! di/ance across ! cont95t :i* ?is railroad spans4 ,we arrive at ! ma9 /ream ( ! ,obi :5 ! tra9 rolls into ! /ation at ,kolivan4 ,?us ,tomsk1 "o ( ! *ief cities ( ,sib]ia1 is miss$1 = x lies fur!r nor? on ! ,obi4 ,9 ! same way does ! l9e ignore ,tobolsk1 ! ,sib]ian capital1 z x t\*es ! ,irti% f> s\? ( ! city4 ,^! important places w be s]v$ by bran* l9es4 ,inde$1 ! bran* to ,tomsk is already f9i%$4 ,x is eighty miles long1 & runs d[n ! ,tom valley nor?w>d to ! city1 :i* is ! l>ge/ & mo/ important 9 all ,sib]ia4 ,tomsk w become ! hub ( ,asia4 ,x lies ne> ! c5tre ( ! new railway sy/em4 ,x has a telephone sy/em1 is light$ by electricity1 & possesses a fl\ri%+ univ]sity ) ?irty pr(essors & #cjj /ud5ts4 ,tomsk1 ,tobolsk1 & ,y5iseisk w\ld be difficult to rea* by ! ma9 l9e z !y are surr\nd$ by va/ swamps1 & !re=e ! l9e is ?us laid consid]ably s\? ( ^! great t[ns4 ,!y are accessible ) ease by side l9es d[n _! respective riv]s4 ,! ,sib]ian l9e is design$ to run ?r\gh ! arable l&s ( ! f]tile zone4 ,! adjac5t l& w be wor? c\ntless millions ( r\bles to a ,gov]nm5t :i* has n _h to pay a s+le copeck = x4 ,on = _m hundr$s ( v]/s rolls ! tra9 ?r\gh ! pa/ure l&s ( ! spl5did ,kirghiz race4 ,! ,kirghiz are by f> ! f9e/ ( ! ,t>t>s4 ,!y are a purely pa/oral p1 frugal1 cleanly1 & hospitable1 liv+ ma9ly on meats1 & milk & *eese1 ! products ( _! h]ds4 ,bo? = pa/ure & = ! culture ( c]eals1 ! va/ t]ritory betwe5 ! ,obi & ! ,y5isei w be unrivall$ 9 ! :ole _w4 ,kurgan is ! capital4 ,x w become an ,asiatic ,*icago4 ,on ! ,%im riv]1 a fairly important ?\gh m9or tribut>y ( ! ,obi1 is ,patropavlosk1 ) a population already ( #bj1jjj4 ,x is gr[+ rapidly1 & f9e build+s are spr++ up1 9 atte/ation ( ! imm5se influ5ce ( ! new l9e4 ,?is city 0 once ! fronti] =tress erect$ by ,russia aga9/ ! ,kirghiz4 ,x 0 ( comm]cial importance be=e ! railroad 0 ?\ght (1 z ! emporium ( ! brisk trade ) ,sam>k& & ,c5tral ,asia2 great camel c>avans con/antly rea*+ x4 ,all ! old t[ns :i* are trav]s$ by ! ,great ,sib]ian are be+ trans=m$ z if by magic4 ,f ,patropavlosk to ,omsk is a di/ance equal to t betwe5 ,london & ,ed9burgh1 ab\t #djj miles4 ,new & promis+ villages are frequ5tly espi$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! level1 f]tile fl[]y pla9s1 v>i$ by great pat*es ( cultivat$ l&4 ,all along ! track ! l& is be+ tak5 up on ea* side1 & crops are be+ rais$4 ,we are 9 ! mid/ ( ! great future gran>y ( ! :ole ,russian ,empire1 & n ( t ,empire alone4 ,rea*+ ! ,y5isei riv]1 ! gr&e/ /ream 9 ,sib]ia1 ! tra9 crosses a bridge #a1jjj y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,b "s "t be=e ?is a /oppage is made at ! t[n ( ,obb1 :i* is a /rik+ sample ( ! magical results ( ! railway4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 till rec5tly a sc5e ( wild desolation4 ,! ?riv+ community1 busy ) a prosp]\s trade1 is typical ( ! com+ trans=mation ( ,sib]ia4 ,a %ort di/ance beyond ,irkutsk ! l9e rea*es "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable places 9 ! _w--,lake ,baikal4 ,?is gr& lake is z long z ,engl&4 ,x is ne>ly a mile deep1 & cov]s an area ( #ac1dcj squ>e miles4 ,its surface is #a1ejj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,on e side x is hemm$ 9 by l(ty m\nta9s1 cov]$ ) ?ick =e/4 ,only a few t9y villages relieve its dre>y solitude4 ,! e>ly ,russian settl]s1 impress$ by ! my/ic sil5ce & gloomy gr&eur ( ,baikal1 nam$ x ! ,holy ,sea4 ,x ab\nds 9 fi% ( _m species1 & e season ?\s&s ( p\nds' wor? ( salmon are caught & dri$4 ,at ! nor? end great numb]s ( seals h _! habitat1 ! ,buriat hunt]s sometimes tak+ z _m z #a1jjj 9 a s+le season4 ,baikal is ! only fre%-wat] sea 9 ! _w 9 :i* ?is animal is f\nd4 ,! ,transbaikalian section takes ! l9e f ,lake ,baikal to ! great ,amur ,riv]4 ,! l9e gradually asc5ds to ! cre/ ( ! ,yablonoi ,m\nta9s1 rea*+ a height ( #c1dab feet above ! sea level4 ,?is is ! greate/ altitude ( ! ,sib]ian ,railway4 ,9 ?is prov9ce ( ,transbaikalia lies ! int]e/+ city ( ,*ita1 ! f>-(f home ( ! mo/ fam\s & e/imable ,sociali/ exiles s5t f ,russia4 ,f ?is po9t to ! ,amur1 :]e ,man*uria is rea*$1 ! l9e is c>ri$ d[n ! ,pacific slope1 ?r\gh "o ( ! wilde/ & mo/ romantic tracks ev] p5etrat$ by railway eng9e]s4 ,x is n g5]ally rememb]$ t ! ,great ,sib]ian ,railway 0 begun at ! ,pacific end1 & t ! pres5t ,ts> ,ni*olas ,,ii41 :5 ,ts>evit*1 inaugurat$ ! colossal ent]prise by lay+ ! fir/ /one ( ! ea/]n t]m9us at ,vladivo/ock1 on ,may #ab1 #ahia4 ,,high ,,life ,,9 ,,russia ,,! ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,gall[ay ,! ,russian ari/ocracy & plutocracy h few p[]s or privileges beyond t ( s]v+ _! sov]eign1 & _! position dep5ds entirely on ! w ( ! emp]or4 ,(ficial rank is ! only di/9ction1 & all ranks or t*91 z x is call$1 is regulat$ accord+ to ! army grades4 ,by ?is t*9 alone is ! "r ( be+ receiv$ at ,c\rt acquir$4 ,society is1 !re=e1 subs]vi5t to ! ,c\rt1 & occupies itself m ) ^? ^: position c be/ procure !m :at !y desire ?an ) any o!r ideas4 ,! ,c\rt itself is v magnific5t1 & its ent]ta9m5ts display unb\nd$ spl5d\r1 ta/e1 & art4 ,9 ! mid/ ( w9t] ! :ole palace is decorat$ = ! balls ) trees ( camellias1 draca5as & palms4 ,! supp]s seem almo/ to be s]v$ by magic4 ,two ?\s& p sup at ! same mom5t3 !y all sit d[n toge!r1 & all f9i% toge!r 9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t4 ,! palace is lit by ! electric light1 ! tables are plac$ "u l>ge palm-trees1 & ! effect is t ( a grove ( palms by moonlight4 ,at ^! ,c\rt balls1 besides ! ,royal ,family ( ,gr& ,dukes & ,du*esses1 ) gorge\s jewels1 may be se5 _m ( ! great g5]als & gov]nors ( ! prov9ces :o come to ,/4 ,pet]sburg to d homage to _! sov]eign2 a spl5did-look+ ,circassian ,pr9ce1 ^: co/ume ( fur & velvet is cov]$ ) *a9s ( jewels & gold2 ! comm&] ( ! ,cossack ,gu>d1 ,t*]ev9e1 :o wat*es ov] ! ,emp]or's safety1 dress$ 9 :at resembles a well-fitt+ sc>let dress+-g[n1 ) a huge scimit> 9 8 belt sp>kl+ ) preci\s /ones2 ,pr9ce ,dond\k(f ,korsak(f1 ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,caucasus1 also 9 ,cossack attire1 ) ! be>d :i* is ! privilege ( ! ,cossack bir?4 ,m4 de ,gi]s1 ^: civilian blue coat ) gold buttons is rem>kable among ! numb]less brilliant uni=ms1 talks to ! ,ambassadors ) ! we>i$ anxi\s expression habitual to 8 c\nt5ance4 ,! ,empress dances1 b n ! ,emp]or2 he does n sit d[n to supp] ei!r1 b walks ab\t1 aft] ! ,russian fa%ion ( hospitality1 to see t all 8 gue/s are s]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,w9t] ,,palace1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg ,if1 to ! outsid]1 society seems to lack ! s]i\s side1 sci5ce1 le>n+1 & politics1 x ga9s en]gy f its contact ) m5 :o are cont9ually engag$ 9 di/ant prov9ces1 c>ry+ ,russian rule & civilization to ! conqu]$ ,ea/]n tribes4 ,not)/&+ ! great ease & luxury1 ! fact t s mu* ( ! male portion is compos$ ( (fic]s1 :o we> no o!r clo!s ?an _! uni=ms1 gives some?+ ( a bus9ess-l air1 & produces a s5se ( discipl9e at ! ent]ta9m5ts4 ,individually1 ! ,russians h mu* sympa?y ) ,engli% ways & habits1 & ! political antagonism betwe5 ! two nations does n appe> to affect _! social int]c\rse4 ,!y are exce$+ly c\rte\s1 hospitable1 & fri5dly1 ?r[+ !mselves ) mu* ze/ into ! occupation or amusem5t ( ! mom5t4 ,9 ^! days ( rapid communication social life is mu* ! same 9 e great capital4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg is a v gay society1 & ! great tr\bles und]ly+ ! fabric d n come to ! surface 9 ! daily life4 ,!re are ( c\rse repres5tatives ( all ! diff]5t l9es ( ?\ght & policy1 & because !y _c gov]n !mselves1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t !y h n pr$ilections 9 fav\r ( ?is or t l9e ( action4 ,! season 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg beg9s on ! ,russian ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 :i* is ?irte5 days late1 = !y adh]e to :at ! ,we/]n nations n[ call ! ,old ,/yle4 ,x la/s till ,l5t1 :i* ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* fixes also by a diff]5t calculation f ! ,we/]n1 & dur+ t "t !re are ,c\rt balls twice a week & danc+ at private h\ses ne>ly e o!r night1 ,sundays includ$4 ,private balls beg91 z 9 ,london1 v late & end v late4 ,! danc+ is mo/ vigor\s & animat$4 ,! specially ,russian dance is ! ,mazurka1 ( ,poli% orig91 & v pretty & graceful4 ,l ! ,scot* reel1 x is a s]ies ( diff]5t figures ) num]\s & v>i$ /eps4 ,! music1 too1 is special & spirit$4 ,! supp]1 :i* is always eat5 sitt+ d[n1 is a great feature ( ! ev5+1 & !re is inv>iably a cotillon aft]w>ds4 ,! pleasante/ & mo/ sociable ent]ta9m5ts are ! little supp]s e ev5+1 :]e !re is no danc+1 & :]e ! m5u is mo/ re*]*e & ! conv]sation brilliant4 ,! h\ses are well adapt$ = ent]ta9m5ts1 & ^? we saw com=table & luxuri\s z f> z ! own]s are conc]n$4 ,! b$rooms 7 prettily furni%$1 & ! dress+-rooms atta*$ fitt$ up ) a til$ ba?1 hot & cold wat]1 & numb]less mirrors4 ,! wives ( ! great ,c\rt & ,/ate (ficials1 z well z _m o!r ladies1 h "o aft]noon 9 ! week on :i* !y sit at home & receive visitors4 ,!re is always tea & ,russian bonbons1 :i* are mo/ excell5t4 ,:at /rikes an ,engli%-woman is ! numb] ( m51 (fic]s ( ! army1 & o!rs1 :o att5d ^! j\rs1 z !y are call$ 9 ,fr5*4 ,_m ( not$ activity1 su* z ,g5]al ,kaulb>s1 may be se5 quietly sipp+ _! tea & talk+ ( ! la/ ball to ! "y lady ( ! h\se4 ,a fete giv5 by ,madame ,polovts(f1 wife ( ! ,secretaire de l',empire1 0 wond]fully conduct$ & organiz$4 ,x took place at a villa on ! ,isl&s1 z t "p ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg :i* lies betwe5 ! two pr9cipal bran*es ( ! ,neva is call$4 ,x is to villas "h t ! (ficials c retire aft] ! season :5 oblig$ to rema9 ne> ! capital4 ,! rooms & l>ge cons]vatories 7 lit by electricity4 ,at ! fur!r end ( ! cons]vatory1 buri$ 9 palm-trees 7 ! gipsies *ant+ & wail+ _! savage national songs & *oruses1 :ile ! gue/s w&]$ ab\t among/ groves ( camellias1 & gre5 lawns /udd$ ) lilies-(-!-valley & hyac9?s2 rose-bu%es 9 full fl[] at ! corn]s4 ,:5 ! gipsies 7 exhau/$1 danc+ began1 & lat] !re 0 an excell5t supp] 9 ano!r /ill m spaci\s cons]vatory4 ,! ent]ta9m5t end$ ) a cotillon1 & = ! /rang] its orig9ality 0 only m>r$ by ! fact t x _h be5 ?aw+1 & ! company c\ld n arrive or dep>t 9 troikas1--sleighs ) ?ree horses :i* seem to fly along ! gli/5+ moonlit sn[4 ,a fav\rite amusem5t1 ev5 9 w9t]1 is rac+ ^! troikas1 or sleighs1 ) fa/ trott]s4 ,! races are to be se5 f /&s1 z 9 ,engl&1 & are only imp$$ by fall+ sn[4 ,! pretty little horses are h>ness$1 = trott+ races1 s+ly1 to a l[ sleigh 79 summ] to a drosky7 driv5 by "o man1 we>+ ! col\rs ( ! own]4 ,two ( ^! />t at once 9 opposite directions on a circul> or oblong c\rse m>k$ out on a flat expanse ( sn[ & ice1 :i* may be ei!r l& or wat]1 z is f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,x is a picturesque sight1 & rem9ds "o ( ! pictures ( anci5t *>iot races on old vases & c>v$ monum5ts4 ,! "* ( a nation c sc>cely fail to be affect$ by ! size ( ! c\ntry x inhabits1 & a c]ta9 indiff]5ce to "t & di/ance is produc$ by ?is circum/ance4 ,!re is also a peculi> apa?y z reg>ds small annoyances & casualties4 ,:atev] accid5t befalls ! ,russian ( ! l[] ord]s1 8 habitual rem>k is ,nit*ivo 7,x is no?+74 ,nev]!less1 ,nor!rn blood & a ,nor!rn climate h mix$ a m>vell\s am\nt ( en]gy & ent]prise ) ?is ,ori5tal *>act]i/ic4 ,take = example ! ,caspian railway1 und]tak5 by ,g5]al ,ann5k(f4 ,?is g5]al completes fifte5 hundr$ miles ( railway 9 ! incr$ibly %ort space ( "t ( a ye> & a half1 & almo/ be=e ! public is aw>e ( its hav+ be5 comm5c$1 he is back aga9 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg danc+ at a ,c\rt ball 9 a quadrille opposite ! ,empress4 ,! railway made by him runs at pres5t f ! ,caspian ,sea to ! ,am\-,d>ia ,riv]1 & w be cont9u$ to ,bokh>a1 ,sam>k&1 & ,ta%k5d1 9 a nor!rly direction1 :ile on ! s\? x is to ent] ,p]sia4 ,%\ld ,european complications1 by remov+ ! risk ( =eign int]position1 make x possible = a ,russian army to rea* ! ,caspian by way ( ! ,black ,sea & ! ,caucasus1 ?is railway gives x ! desir$ approa* to ,india4 ,by attack+ u 9 ,india1 :i* !y possibly d n desire to conqu]1 ! ,panslavi/s & ,russian en?usia/s believe !y w\ld e/abli% _! empire at ,con/ant9ople1 & unite ! :ole ,sclav race "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,ts>4 ,! "o prepond]at+ impression produc$ by a %ort visit to ,russia is an almo/ bewild]+ s5se ( its va/ness1 ) an equally bewild]+ feel+ ( a/oni%m5t at ! c5tralization ( all gov]nm5t 9 ! h&s ( ! ,emp]or4 ,?is impression is p]haps increas$ by ! nature ( ! t[n ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,long1 broad /reets1 lit at night by ! electric light1 huge build+s1 public & private1 l>ge & almo/ des]t$ places or squ>es1 all t5d to produce ! reflection t ! ,russian nation is em]g+ f ! long ages ( ,cimm]ian d>kness into :i* ! repeat$ invasions ( ,asiatic hordes _h plung$ x1 & t x is full ( ! en]gy & aspirations belong+ to a p consci\s ( a great future 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,,rural ,,life ,,9 ,,russia ,,lady ,,v]ney ,! am\nt ( t]ritory giv5 up to ! s]fs by ! ,emancipation ,act ( #ahfa 0 ab\t "o-half ( ! arable l& ( ! :ole empire1 s t ! exp]im5t ( cutt+ up ! l>ge prop]ties ( a c\ntry1 & ! =mation in/ead ( a l&$ peasantry1 has n[ be5 tri$ on a suffici5tly l>ge scale = a qu>t] ( a c5tury to enable ! _w to judge ( its success or failure4 ,!re is no d\bt ( ! philan?ropic int5tions ( ,alex&] ! ,fir/1 b he seems to h also aim$ 7l ,ri*elieu7 at dim9i%+ ! p[] ( ! nobles1 :i* =m$ "s bulw>k betwe5 ! absolute sway ( ! ,cr[n & ! enorm\s dead level ( peasants4 ,! s]fs belong$ s\l & body to ! l&[n]3 ev5 :5 !y 7 all[$ to take s]vice or ex]cise a trade 9 di/ant t[ns1 !y 7 oblig$ to pay a due1 obrok1 to _! own]1 & to return home if requir$2 :ile ! in/ances ( oppression 7 sometimes frightful1 husb&s & wives 7 sep>at$1 girls 7 sold away f _! p>5ts1 "y m5 7 n all[$ to m>ry4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! proprietor 0 k9d1 & ri* en\gh n to make money ( 8 s]fs1 ! patri>*al =m ( life 0 n unhappy4 ,see n[1 said an old peasant1 :at h ,i ga9$ by ! emancipation8 ,i h nobody to g to to build my h\se1 or to help 9 ! pl\gh+ "t2 ! ,seigneur1 he knew :at ,i want$1 & he did x = me )\t any bo!r4 ,n[ if ,i want a wife1 ,i h got to g & c\rt h] myself2 he us$ to *oose = me1 & he knew :at 0 be/4 ,x is a great deal ( tr\ble1 & no good at all6 ,"u ! old arrangem5ts ?ree g5]ations 7 (t5 f\nd liv+ 9 "o h\se1 & ! gr&fa!r1 :o 0 call$ ! ,big ,"o1 bore a v despotic sway4 ,! plan all[$ sev]al ( ! males ( ! family to seek "w at a di/ance1 leav+ "s at home to p]=m ! corvee 7=c$ lab\r7 ?ree days a week2 b ! families qu>rell$ among !mselves1 & ! effect ( ! emancipation has be5 to split !m up into diff]5t h\seholds4 ,a consid]able portion ( ! s]fs 7 n really s]fs at all4 ,!y 7 coa*m51 grooms1 g>d5]s1 gamekeep]s1 etc41 :ile _! wives & daught]s 7 nurses1 ladies'-maids1 & dome/ic s]vants4 ,_! numb] 0 out ( all proportion to _! "w1 :i* 0 always c>elessly done1 b !re 0 (t5 great atta*m5t to ! family !y s]v$4 ,! s]fs prop] liv$ 9 villages1 _h h\ses & plots ( l& ( _! own1 & 7 nom9ally nev] sold except ) ! e/ate4 ,! l&1 h[ev]1 0 "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,mir2 !y c\ld nei!r use x nor cultivate x except accord+ to ! communal obligations4 ,! outw>d aspect ( a ,russian village is n attractive1 & !re is little *oice 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry betwe5 a wide grey pla9 ) a di/ance ( scrubby p9e =e/1 or ! scrubby p9e =e/ ) di/ant grey pla9s4 ,! peasants' h\ses are scatt]$ up & d[n )\t any ord] or arrangem5t1 & ) no roads betwe51 built ( trunks ( trees1 unsqu>$1 & mortis$ into ea* o!r at ! corn]s1 ! int]/ices fill$ ) moss & mud1 a mode ( build+ w>m] ?an x s\nds4 ,9 ! int]ior !re is always an enorm\s brick /ove1 five or six feet high1 on :i* & on ! floor ! :ole family sleep 9 _! rags4 ,! heat & ! /5* are frightful4 ,no "o undresses1 wa%+ is unkn[n1 & %eepsk9 pelisses ) ! wool inside are n conducive to cleanl9ess4 ,wood1 h[ev]1 is becom+ v sc>ce1 ! =e/s are us$ up 9 fuel = railway eng9es1 = wood5 con/ructions ( all k9d1 & are set fire to wa/efully--9 _m places ! peasants are =c$ to burn dung1 we$s1 or any?+ !y c pick up--fifty ye>s1 x is said1 w exhau/ ! peasant =e/s1 & fre% trees are nev] plant$4 ,! wom5 are m dilig5t ?an ! m51 & ! h>de/ "w is (t5 turn$ ov] to !m1 z is g5]ally ! case 9 c\ntries :]e peasant prop]ties prevail4 ,!y are only ! females ( ! male1 & h few womanly qualities4 ,!y toil at ! same tasks 9 ! field z ! m51 ride a/ride l !m1 (t5 )\t saddles1 & ! mortality is excessive among ! neglect$ *ildr51 :o are c>ri$ out into ! fields1 :]e ! babies lie ! :ole day ) a b\gh ov] !m & cov]$ ) flies1 :ile ! poor "m is at "w4 ,eight out ( t5 *ildr5 are said to die be=e t5 ye>s old 9 rural ,russia4 ,9 ! little *ur* 7g5]ally built ( wood7 !re are no seats1 ! wor%ipp]s pro/rate !mselves & knock _! heads two or ?ree times on ! gr\nd1 & mu/ /& or kneel ?r\gh ! :ole s]vice4 ,! ro( consi/s ( a numb] ( bulb\s-%ap$ cupolas2 f\r1 r\nd ! c5tral dome1 9 ! =m ( a cross is ! complet$ ideal1 ) a sep>ate m9>et = ! ,virg94 ,^! are cov]$ ) tiles ( ! brighte/ blue1 gre51 & r$1 & gilt metal4 ,! prie/ is a picturesque figure1 ) 8 long unclipp$ hair1 tall felt hat l>ge/ at ! top1 & a fl[+ robe4 ,he mu/ be m>ri$ :5 appo9t$ to a cure1 b is n all[$ a second v5ture if 8 wife dies4 ,until lately !y =m$ an h]$it>y ca/e1 & x 0 unlawful = ! son ( a pope to be o!r ?an a pope4 ,!y are tak5 f ! l[e/ class1 & are g5]ally q z un$ucat$1 & are look$ d[n ^u by _! flocks4 ,"o loves ! ,pope1 & "o ! ,popess is an uncomplim5t>y prov]b giv5 by ,gogol4 ,to h prie/s' eyes1 mean+ to be covet\s or extortionate1 is ano!r4 ,! drunk5ness 9 all classes /rikes ,russian /atesm5 ) dismay1 & ! prie/s & ! popes1 are among ! wor/ del9qu5ts4 ,!y are fa/ los+ ! au?ority !y once _h ov] ! s]fs1 :5 !y =m$ "p ( ! great political sy/em1 ( :i* ! ,ts> 0 ! religi\s & political head4 ,a ,russian (ficial report says t ! *ur*es are n[ mo/ly att5d$ by wom5 & *ildr51 :ile ! m5 are sp5d+ _! la/ kopeck1 or gett+ deep] into debt1 at ! village dram %op4 ,*ur* fe/ivals1 m>riages1 *ri/5+s1 burials & fairs1 leave only two hundr$ days 9 ! ye> = ! ,russian lab\r]4 ,! climate is s sev]e z to prev5t out-(-door "w = mon?s1 & ! en=c$ idl5ess increases ! natural disposition to d no?+4 ,we are a le?>gic p1 says ,gogol1 & require a /imulus f )\t1 ei!r t ( an (fic]1 a ma/]1 a driv]1 ! rod1 or vodki 7a :ite _s di/ill$ f corn72 & ?is1 he adds 9 ano!r place1 :e!r ! man be peasant1 soldi]1 cl]k1 sailor1 prie/1 m]*ant1 seigneur or pr9ce4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,crimean ,w> x 0 always believ$ t ! ,russian soldi] c\ld only be driv5 up to an attack1 su* z t ( ,ink]mann1 "u ! influ5ce ( intoxication4 ,! ,russian peasant is inde$ a b>b>ian at a v l[ /age ( civilization4 ,9 ! ,crimean hospitals e nationality 0 to be f\nd among ! pati5ts1 & ! ,russian soldi] 0 consid]$ f> ! l[e/ ( all4 ,/olid1 /upid1 h>d1 he nev] %[$ any gratitude = any am\nt ( c>e & att5tion1 or seem$1 inde$1 to und]/& !m2 & !re 0 no d\bt t dur+ ! w> he cont9ually put ! w\nd$ to dea? 9 ord] to possess himself ( _! clo!s4 ,! ,greek ,*ur* is a v dead =m ( fai?1 & ! wor%ip ( sa9ts ( e degree ( p[] am\nts to a feti%ism almo/ z bad z any to be f\nd 9 ,africa4 ,i am myself ! happy possessor ( a little rude wood5 bas-relief1 fram$ & glaz$1 ( two sa9ts ^: names ,i h ungratefully =gott51 to :om if y pray z y g out to commit a crime1 h[ev] he9\s1 y take y\r p>don ) y--a ref9em5t ^u ! :ipp+ ( ! sa9ts 9 ,calabria & ,spani% hagiolatry4 ,! icons1 ! sacr$ images1 are hung 9 ! *ief corn]1 call$ ,! ,beautiful1 ( a ,russian izba4 ,a lamp is always lit be=e !m1 & "s food spread = ! gho/s to come & eat4 ,! well-to-d peasant is /ill /rict ab\t 8 fa/s & fe/ivals1 & nev] neglects to prep>e = ,l5t4 ,dur+ ! :ole ye> 8 =e?\ght nev] we>ies2 ! *ildr5 pick up a numb] ( fungi1 :i* ! ,engli% kick away z toad/ools1 ^! are dri$ 9 ! sun or ! ov51 & pack$ 9 casks ) a mixture ( hot wat] & dry meal 9 :i* !y f]m5t4 ,! /aple diet ( ! peasant consi/s ( buck:eat1 rye meal1 sau]kraut1 & co>se cur$ fi% 7little1 h[ev]1 b black bread1 (t5 m\ldy & sau]kraut1 ne>ly putrid1 is f\nd 9 ! g5]ality ( ,russian peasant homes74 ,no milk1 butt]1 *eese1 or eggs are all[$ 9 ,l5t1 all ( :i* are p]mitt$ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 & ! oil ! peasant uses = 8 cook+ is l9se$ in/ead ( olive oil1 :i* la/ he religi\sly sets aside = ! lamps burn+ be=e ! holy images4 ,to neglect fa/+ w\ld cause a man to be %unn$ z a traitor1 n only to 8 religion1 b to 8 class & c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,russian ,,f>m ,,sc5e4 ,9 a bett]mo/ h\sehold1 ! samov>1 ! tea-urn1 is always go+4 ,if a c\ple ( m5 h a b>ga9 to /rike1 ! *>coal is light$ inside ! urn1 :i* has a pipe c>ri$ into ! /one *imney1 & ! noise ( ! heat$ air is l a ro>+ furnace4 ,!y w g on dr9k+ boil+ hot weak tea1 9 glasses1 = h\rs1 ) a lib]al all[ance ( vodki4 ,! samov>1 h[ev]1 is a completely new in/itution1 & ! old peasants w tell y1 ,ah1 ,holy ,russia has nev] be5 ! same s9ce we drank s mu* tea4 ,! only bit ( art or pa/ime to be f\nd among ! peasants seems to consi/ 9 ! circl+ dances ) songs1 at h>ve/1 ,*ri/mas1 & all o!r important fe/ivals1 z describ$ by ,mr4 ,ral/on4 ,& ev5 "h ! settl$ gloom1 ! monoton\s sadness1 are mo/ rem>kable4 ,wife-beat+1 husb&s' infidelities1 horrible /ories ( wit*es & vampires1 are ! g5]al subjects ( ! songs4 ,! lam5t ( ! "y bride :o is treat$ almo/ l a slave by h] fa!r & "m-9-law1 has a *orus3 ,?ump+1 scold+1 nev] lets 8 daught] sleep2 ,up1 y slatt]n6 up1 y slov51 sluggi% slut6 ,a wife entreats3 ,oh1 my husb&1 only = good cause beat ?\ ?y wife1 n = little ?+s4 ,f> away is my fa!r de>1 & f>!r /ill my "m4 ,! husb& :o is tir$ ( 8 wife s+s3 ,?anks1 ?anks to ! blue pit*] 7i4 e41 poison71 x has rid me ( my c>es2 n t c>es afflict$ me1 my real affliction 0 my wife1 end+1 ,love w ,i make to ! girls across ! /ream4 ,next comes a wife :o poisons h] husb&3 ,i dri$ ! evil root1 & p\nd$ x small2 b 9 ?is case ! husb& 0 hat$ because he _h kill$ h] bro!r4 ,! mo/ unpleasant ( all1 h[ev]1 are ! invocations to vodki4 ,a circle ( girls imitate drunk5 wom51 & s+ z !y dance3 ,vodki delici\s ,i drank1 ,i drank2 n 9 a cup or a glass1 b a bucketful ,i drank4444 ,i cl+ to ! po/s ( ! door4 ,oh1 doorpo/1 hold me up1 ! drunk5 woman1 ! tipsy rogue4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,baba ,zaga1 a hide\s old wit*1 is en\gh to drive *ildr5 into convulsions4 ,%e has a nose & tee? made ( /rong %>p iron4 ,z %e lies 9 h] hut %e /ret*es f "o corn] to ! o!r1 & h] nose goes ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,! f5ce is made ( ! bones ( ! p %e has eat51 & tipp$ ) _! skulls4 ,! uprights ( ! gate are human legs4 ,%e has a broom to sweep away ! traces ( h] passage ov] ! sn[ 9 h] sev5-leagu$ boots4 ,%e /eals *ildr5 to eat !m4 ,rema9s ( paganism are to be f\nd 9 "s ( ! say+s4 ,a curse /ill exi/+ says1 ,may ,p]un 7i4 e41 ! lightn+7 /rike !e4 ,! god ,p]un1 ! ,?und]]1 resembles ,?or1 & l him c>ries a hamm]4 ,he has be5 trans=m$ into ,elijah1 ! prophet ,ilya1 ! rumbl+ ( ^: *>iot z he rolls ?r\gh heav51 especially on ! week 9 summ] :5 8 fe/ival falls1 may be he>d 9 ?und]4 ,!re is a dismal cu/om by :i* ! *ildr5 are made to eat ! m\ldy bread1 because ! ,rusalkas 7! fairies7 d n *oose bread to be wa/$4 ,inhuman /ories ab\t bury+ a *ild alive 9 ! f\ndation ( a new t[n to propitiate ! e>? _s2 t a dr[n+ man mu/ n be sav$1 le/ ! wat] _s be (f5d$2 t if groans or cries are he>d 9 ! =e/1 a travell] mu/ g /raight on )\t pay+ any att5tion1 = x is only ! wood demon1 ! lye%ey1 seem only to be inv5t$ z excuses = selfi% inaction4 ,wolves be> a great "p 9 ! /ories4 ,a peasant driv+ 9 a sl$ge ) ?ree *ildr5 is pursu$ by a pack ( wolves3 he ?r[s out a *ild1 :i* !y /op to dev\r2 !n ! h[ls come ne> him aga91 & he ?r[s out a second2 aga9 !y return1 :5 ! la/ is sacrific$2 & "o is griev$ to he> t he saves 8 own wret*$ c[>dly life at la/4 ,! ,emancipation 0 d\btless a great "w4 ,tw5ty million s]fs belong+ to private own]s1 & #cj1jjj1jjj m1 ! s]fs ( ! ,cr[n 7 set free4 ,!y _h always1 h[ev]1 consid]$ ! communal l& z 9 "o s5se _! own4 ,we are y\rs b ! l& is ours1 0 ! phrase4 ,! ,act 0 receiv$ ) mi/ru/ & suspicion1 & ! own]s 7 suppos$ to h tamp]$ ) ! good int5tions ( ! ,ts>4 ,l& _h be5 allott$ to ea* peasant family suffici5t1 z suppos$1 = its support1 besides pay+ a fix$ ye>ly sum to ,gov]nm5t4 ,mu* ( x1 h[ev]1 is s bad t x _c be made to af=d a liv+ & pay ! tax1 9 fact a poll tax1 n dep5d5t on ! size ( ! /rip1 b on ! numb] ( ! s\ls4 ,! population 9 ,russia has always _h a great t5d5cy to migrate1 & s]fdom 9 pa/ ages is said to h be5 in/itut$ to enable ! "l ( ! soil to be responsible = ! taxes4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible to collect ^! f peasants free to roam f ,ar*angel to ! ,caucasus1 f ,/4 ,pet]sburg to ,sib]ia4 ,x 0 !re=e necess>y to en=ce ! paym5ts f ! village community1 ! ,mir1 :i* is a mu* less m]ciful l&lord ?an ! nobles ( =m] days1 & con/antly sells up ! default+ peasant4 ,! rule ( ! ,mir is /rangely democratic 9 s despotic an empire4 ,! ,gov]nm5t nev] int]f]es ) ! communes if !y pay _! taxes1 & ! ignorant peasants ( ! rural c\rts may pass s5t5ces ( imprisonm5t = sev5 days1 inflict tw5ty /rokes ) a rod1 impose f9es1 & cause a man :o is pron\nc$ vici\s or p]nici\s to be bani%$ to ,sib]ia4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,mir1 ( ! ,/>o/a1 ! ,:iteheads1 ! *ief eld]s1 seems nev] to be resi/$1 & !re are a numb] ( prov]bs decl>+ :at ! ,mir decides mu/ come to pass2 ,! neck & %\ld]s ( ! ,mir are broad2 ,! te> ( ! ,mir is cold b %>p4 ,ea* peasant is b\nd h& & foot by m9ute regulations2 he mu/ pl\gh1 s[ & reap only :5 8 neighb\rs d1 & ! int]f]5ce ) 8 lib]ty ( action is mo/ vexati\s & v injuri\s4 ,! agriculture en=c$ is ( ! mo/ b>b>\s k9d4 ,j5s51 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ,mosc[1 says3 ,! ?ree-field sy/em--corn1 gre5 crops & fall[--:i* 0 ab&on$ 9 ,europe two c5turies ago1 has mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces "h4 ,! lots are *ang$ e ye>1 & no man has any int]e/ 9 improv+ prop]ty :i* w n be 8 9 s %ort a "t4 ,h>dly any manure is us$1 & 9 _m places ! corn is ?re%$ out by driv+ horses & wagons ov] x4 ,! exhau/ion ( ! soil by ?is mo/ b>b>\s culture has rea*$ a fe>ful pit*4 ,! size ( ! allotm5ts v>ies extremely 9 ! diff]5t climates & soils1 & ! c\ntry is s enorm\s t ! prov9ces 7 divid$ into zones to c>ry out ! details ( ! ,emancipation ,act--! zone )\t black soil2 ! zone ) black soil2 &1 ?ird1 ! great /eppe zone4 ,9 ! fir/ two ! allotm5ts range f two & two-?irds to tw5ty acres1 9 ! /eppes f eight & ?ree-qu>t]s to ?irty-f\r & "o-?ird4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 says ,j5s51 ! peasants cultivate _! l& z proprietors at #as4 #i;d4 or hire x at #ahs4 #f;d4 ! result is ! same--! soil is sc\rg$ & exhau/$1 & semi-/>vation has become ! g5]al feature ( peasant life4 ,usury is ! great nightm>e ( rural ,russia1 at pres5t1 an evil :i* seems to dog ! peasant proprietor 9 all c\ntries alike4 ,! ,gombe5 ,man is fa/ gett+ possession ( ! little ,iri% own]s4 ,a man :o hires l& _c borr[ on x2 ! little own] is tempt$ always to mortgage x at a p9*4 ,9 ,russia he borr[s to ! outside ( its value to pay ! taxes & get 9 8 crop4 ,! bondage lab\r]s1 i4 e41 m5 b\nd to "w on _! cr$itor's l& z int]e/ = money l5t1 receive no wages & are 9 fact a sort ( slaves4 ,!y repay _! extortion]s by work+ z badly z !y c--a level wor/1 f> inf]ior to t ( ! s]fs ( old1 !y h>ve/ ?ree & a half or f\r /acks ( corn :]e ! o!r peasants get five4 ,! ,k\laks & ,mir-eat]s1 & o!r usur]s1 (t5 ( peasant orig91 exhau/ ! peasant 9 e way2 !y !n =eclose ! mortgages1 unite ! small pieces ( l& once m1 & recon/itute l>ge e/ates4 ,a ,k\lak is n to be trifl$ )2 he f9ds a ?\s& occasions = rev5ge2 ! peasant _c *eat ! ,jew z he does ! l&lord1 & is be+ />v$ out--! mortality is enorm\s4 ,! peasant class comprises five-six?s ( ! :ole population--a /olid1 ignorant1 utt]ly unprogressive mass ( human be+s4 ,!y h receiv$ 9 gift ne>ly half ! empire = _! own use1 & cl+ to ! soil z _! only *ance ( exi/5ce4 ,!y consequ5tly dread all *ange1 fe>+ t x %\ld endang] ?is valuable possession4 ,a d5se solid /ratum ( unreason+ cons]vatism ?us con/itutes ! :ole basis ( ,russian society back$ by ! mo/ corrupt set ( (ficials to be f\nd 9 ! :ole _w4 ,! middle & upp] classes are (t5 full ( ard5t wi%es = ! advancem5t ( society & projects = ! re=m ( ! ,/ate4 ,^! are g5]ally ( ! wilde/ & mo/ t]rible description1 b _! objects are any?+ b unreasonable4 ,!y desire to %>e 9 political p[] & ! gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntry1 z is ! privilege ( e o!r nation 9 ,europe1 & !y hope to d some?+ = ! see?+ mass ( ignorance & mis]y ar\nd !m4 ,! ,nihili/s h an ideal at lea/ ( good1 & ! op5 air ( practical politics w\ld probably get rid ( ! unheal?y absurdities & wick$ness ( _! cre$s4 ,b ! ,russian peasant c>es nei!r = lib]ty nor politics1 nei!r = education1 nor cleanl9ess1 nor civilization ( any k9d4 ,8 only int]e/ is to squeeze j en\gh out ( 8 plot ( gr\nd to live ^u & get drunk z _m days 9 ! ye> z possible4#a ,) su* a base to ! pyramid z is con/itut$ by ! peasant proprietors ( ,russia1 aid$ by ! enorm\s army1 recruit$ almo/ to any ext5t f among _! ranks1 ^: *ief religion is a sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = ! great fa!r1 ! ,ts> is safe 9 refus+ all concessions1 all improvem5ts2 & ! hopeless nature ( ,russian re=m hi!rto1 ma9ly hangs ^u ! conviction ( ! ,gov]nm5t t no?+ ext]nal c possibly act ^u ?is in]t mass4 ,great is /upidity1 & %all prevail4 ,b surely n =ev]6 ,footnote #a3 ,:5 ,god creat$ ! _w ,he made diff]5t nations & gave !m all sorts ( good ?+s--l&1 corn & fruit4 ,!n ,he ask$ !m if !y 7 satisfi$1 & !y all said ',yes' except ! ,russian1 :o _h got z mu* z ! re/1 b simp]$ ',please ,"l1 "s vodki4'--,russian ,popul> ,tale4 ,,food ,,& ,,dr9k ,h4 ,,su!rl& ,,edw>ds ,! ess5tial po9t 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,russian d9n] is--z is n[ g5]ally kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe--t ! di%es %\ld be h&$ r\nd in/ead ( be+ plac$ on ! table1 :i* is cov]$ ?r\gh\t ! meal ) fl[]s1 fruit1 & ! :ole ( ! dess]t4 ,"o advantage ( ?is plan is1 t x makes ! d9n]-table look well2 ano!r1 t x r5d]s ! s]vice m rapid1 & saves mu* tr\ble to ! ho/4 ,! di%es are br\ght 9 "o by "o2 or two at a "t1 & ( ! same k9d1 if a l>ge numb] are d9+4 ,! ord9>y w9es are on ! table1 & no?+ has to be *ang$ except ! plates4 ,at ! end ( d9n]1 z ! clo? is n remov$1 ! dess]t is ready s]v$2 & ?is has always be5 "o ( ! great glories ( a ,russian banquet4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck1 says ,ar*deacon ,coxe1 ) ! quantity & quality ( ! fruit :i* made its appe>ance 9 ! dess]t4 ,p9es1 pea*es1 apricots1 grapes1 pe>s1 & *]ries1 none ( :i* c 9 ?is c\ntry be obta9$ )\t ! assi/ance ( hot-h\ses1#a 7 s]v$1 he tells u1 9 ! greate/ pr(usion4 ,!re 0 a delici\s species ( small melon1 :i* _h be5 s5t by l&-c>riage f ,a/rakhan to ,mosc[--a di/ance ( a ?\s& miles4 ,^! melons1 he adds1 sometimes co/ five p\nds apiece1 & at o!r times may be pur*as$ 9 ! m>kets ( ,mosc[ = less ?an half-a-cr[n apiece4 ,"o in/ance ( elegance :i* di/+ui%$ ! dess]t1 & :i* appe>s to h made an impression on ! ,ar*deacon1 is !n m5tion$4 ,at ! upp] & l[] ends ( ! table 7 plac$ two *9a vases1 conta9+ *]ry-trees 9 full leaf1 & fruit hang+ on ! b\ghs :i* 0 ga!r$ by ! company4 ,?is *]ry-tree is also a fav\rite1 & c]ta9ly a v agreeable ornam5t1 9 ! pres5t day4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! dess]t c(fee is s]v$ z 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,m5 & wom5 leave ! table toge!r1 & aft] d9n] no w9e is tak54 ,lat] 9 ! ev5+ tea is br\ght 91 ) biscuits1 cakes1 & pres]v$ fruits4 ,footnote #a3 ,t is to say1 n 9 ! w9t]4 ,9 ! summ]1 pe>s & *]ries ab\nd 9 ,mosc[1 & e k9d ( fruit rip5s 9 ! s\?4 ,! reception-rooms 9 ,russian h\ses are all en suite2 & in/ead ( doors y pass f room to room ?r\gh ar*es hung ) curta9s4 ,! numb] ( ! ap>tm5ts 9 mo/ ( ! h\ses ,i rememb] v>i$ f ?ree to six or sev52 b 9 ! clubs & 9 l>ge mansions !re are m4 ,grace be=e or aft] d9n] is nev] said "u any circum/ances2 b all ! gue/s make ! sign ( ! cross be=e sitt+ d[n to table1 usually look+ at ! same "t t[>ds ! ea/]n corn] ( ! room1 :]e ! holy image hangs4 ,?is c]emony is nev] omitt$ 9 families1 ?\gh 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury1 :5 ! ,gallomania 0 at its height1 x is said to h be5 mu* neglect$4 ,9 club d9n]s1 :5 m5 are d9+ alone1 x w be easily believ$ t ! same importance is n atta*$ to x2 b ! cu/om may be describ$ z almo/ univ]sal among ! ri*1 & q univ]sal among ! poor4 ,inde$1 a peasant or workman w\ld n on any acc\nt eat )\t fir/ mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4 ,9 ,russia1 ) its patri>*al society 7z ! ,russians are fond ( say+71 x is usual to ?ank ! lady ( ! h\se1 ei!r by ^w or ge/ure1 aft] d9+ at h] table2 & ^? :o are suffici5tly intimate kiss h] h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ts>',s ,,d9+-,,room1 ,,mosc[4 ,we n[ come to ! composition ( ! ,russian d9n]s2 & "h ,i mu/ repeat ) ,ar*deacon ,coxe1 t al?\gh ! ,russians h adopt$ _m ( ! delicacies ( ,fr5* cook]y1 !y nei!r affect to despise _! native di%es nor squeami%ly reject ! solid jo9ts :i* *>act]ize our own repa/s4 ,i 0 a/oni%$1 at "o ,russian d9n]1 :i* ,i 0 assur$ 0 ?or\ghly national 9 /yle1 to meet ) ! homely roa/ leg ( mutton & bak$ potatoes ( my native l&4 ,l ! ,engli%1 ! ,russians take potatoes ) ne>ly e di%--ei!r pla9 boil$1 fri$1 or ) p>sley & butt] ov] !m4 ,plum-pudd+1 too1 & boil$ rice-pudd+ ) currants 9 x1 & ) melt$ butt]1 are kn[n 9 ,russia--at all ev5ts 9 ,mosc[ & ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 & goose is n consid]$ complete )\t apple-sauce4 ,z 9 ,france1 e d9n] beg9s ) s\p2 b ?is cu/om has n be5 borr[$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,x seems to date f "t immemorial1 = all ! ,russian peasants1 a ?or\ghly /ation>y class1 take _! s\p daily4 ,! ,russians are v successful ) "s k9ds ( pickles1 su* z salt$ cucumb]s & mu%rooms2 & !y excel 9 salads1 compos$ n only ( lettuce1 endive1 & beetroot1 b also ( *]ries1 grapes1 & o!r fruits1 pres]v$ 9 v9eg>4 ,! fruit is always plac$ at ! top1 & has a v picturesque effect 9 ! mid/ ( ! gre5 leaves4 ,altoge!r x may be said t ! ,russian cuis9e is f\nd$ on a sy/em ( eclecticism1 ) a l>ge numb] ( national di%es = its base4 ,( c\rse1 9 "s ,russian h\ses1 z 9 "s ,engli% ones1 ! cook+ is ne>ly all 9 ! ,fr5* /yle2 b ev5 !n !re are always a few di%es on ! table t might easily be recogniz$ z belong+ to ! c\ntry4 ,we ne$ sc>cely rem>k1 t only v ri* p]sons d9e e day 9 ! sumptu\s /yle describ$ by ,ar*deacon ,coxe1 ?\gh ! rule z to s]vice may be said to be g5]al--"o di% at a "t1 & no?+ on ! table b fl[]s & ! dess]t4 ,9 ! w9t]1 :5 x is difficult & exp5sive to get dess]t1 ^? :o are ri* s5d = x :]e x c be obta9$--p]haps to _! own hot-h\ses2 & ^? :o are n ri*1 z 9 o!r c\ntries1 g )\t4 ,at ! traktirs1 or re/aurants1 ! usual d9n] suppli$ = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a r\ble consi/s ( s\p1 ) a pie ( m9ce-meat1 or m9c$ vegetables1 an entree1 roa/ meat1 & "s k9d ( sweet4 ,t1 too1 may be consid]$ ! k9d ( d9n] :i* p]sons ( mod]ate means h e day at home4 ,ri* proprietors1 :o keep a head-cook1 a roa/]1 a pa/ry-cook1 & two or ?ree assi/ant-cooks1 w\ld p]haps despise s mod]ate a repa/2 b f a little manual ( cook]y :i* a fri5d has be5 k9d en\gh to s5d me f ,russia1 x w\ld appe> t ! g5]ality ( p]sons d n h m ?an f\r di%es at ea* meal4 ,! mo/ anci5t & popul> dr9ks 9 ,russia are hydromel or mead 7call$ by ! same "n 9 ,russia71 be]1 & kvass4 ,mead1 ! f9e old ,sc&9avian dr9k1 is m5tion$ z f> back z ! ,t5? ,c5tury2 & 9 a *ronicle ( ,novgorod ( ! ye> #ihi1 x is /at$ t ,a great fe/ival took place1 at :i* a hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& p\nds ( honey 7 consum$4 ,hydromel is flav\r$ ) v>i\s k9ds ( spices & f]m5t$ ) hops4 ,g]ebtz(f /ates t be] is m5tion$ 7"u ! "n ( ol\l--! pres5t ^w be+ pivo7 9 ! ,book ( ,ranks1 writt5 9 ! ,elev5? & ,twelf? ,c5turies4 ,b no dr9k is s anci5t z kvass1 :i*1 accord+ to ! *ronicle ( ,ne/or1 0 9 use among ! ,sclavonians 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4 ,among ! laws ( ,y>oslaff !re is an old edict det]m9+ ! quantity ( malt to be furni%$ = mak+ kvass to workm5 engag$ 9 build+ a t[n4 ,! ,russians le>nt to dr9k w9e f ! ,greeks1 dur+ _! frequ5t int]c\rse ) ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 long be=e ! ,mongol invasion4 ,dur+ ! ,t>t> dom9ation !re 0 less communication ) ,con/ant9ople & ! consumption ( w9e decreas$1 b x became great] aga9 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,ts>s4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury w9e 0 suppli$ to ambassadors1 b ! ,russians = ! mo/ "p /ill pref]r$ _! native dr9ks4 ,! cultivation ( ! v9e 0 introduc$ at ,a/rakhan 9 #afac1 & a ,g]man travell] nam$ ,/rauss1 :o visit$ ! city 9 #afge1 f\nd t x _h be5 att5d$ ) great success2 s mu* s1 t1 )\t c\nt+ :at 0 sold 9 ! way ( g5]al trade1 ! prov9ce suppli$ to ! ,ts> alone e ye> two hundr$ tuns ( w9e1 & fifty tuns ( grape br&y4 ,! w9es ( ,greece 7 at ! same "t replac$ by ^? ( ,hung>y1 :i* 7 9 great dem& :5 ,pet] came & introduc$ ! v9tage ( ,france4 ,?is by _m p]sons w be consid]$ n ! lea/ ( 8 re=ms4 ,! ,russians acquir$ ! art ( di/ill+ f gra9 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury f ! ,g5oese e/abli%$ 9 ! ,crimea1 & seem to h lo/ no "t 9 pr(it+ by _! k4 ,!y soon began to inv5t infusions ( fruit & b]ries1 :i* "u ! "n ( nalivka h long be5 kn[n to travell]s1 & :i* ,i = my "p f\nd excell5t4 ,raki1 ab\t ! consumption ( :i* by ! ,russian soldi]s s mu* 0 writt5 dur+ ! ,crimean w>1 is a ,turki% _s1 & is unkn[n 9 ,russia4 ,! ,russian gra9-_s is call$ vodka4 ,! be/ qualities are m l ! be/ :iskey ?an any?+ else1 only weak]2 b x is ( v>i\s degrees ( excell5ce z ( price4 ,! new common vodka1 l o!r new spirits1 is fi]y2 b :5 purifi$1 & kept = "s "t1 x is excell5t & p>ticul>ly mild4 ,travell]s to ,mosc[ :o are curi\s on ! subject ( vodka may visit a gigantic di/ill]y 9 ! neighb\rhood1 to :i* x is easy to ga9 admission1 & :]e !y c obta9 in=mation & samples 9 abundance4 ,vodka is sometimes made 9 imitation ( br&y1 & !re are also sweet & bitt] vodkas2 &1 inde$1 vodka ( all flav\rs4 ,b ! ,briti% _s :i* ! ord9>y vodka *iefly resembles is :iskey4 ,!re is "o curi\s cu/om connect$ ) dr9k+ 9 ,russia :i*1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 has nev] be5 notic$4 ,! ,russians dr9k fir/ & eat aft]w>ds1 & nev] dr9k )\t eat+4 ,if w9e & biscuits are plac$ on ! table1 ev]yone takes a glass ( w9e fir/1 & !n a biscuit2 & at ! zak\ska be=e d9n]1 ^? :o take ! cu/om>y glass ( vodka take an atom ( cavi>e or *eese aft] x1 b n be=e4 ,x may also be rem>k$ t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! ,russians1 l ! ,ori5tals1 dr9k only at ! beg9n+ ( a repa/4 ,a hospitable ,engli%man ent]ta9+ a ,russian1 on see+ him eat aft] dr9k+1 w\ld press him to dr9k aga91 & hav+ drunk a second "t1 ! ,russian w\ld eat once m on 8 own acc\nt2 :i* w\ld involve ano!r invitation to dr9k on ! "p ( ! ,engli%man4 ,z a hospitable ,russian1 on ! o!r h&1 ent]ta9+ an ,engli%man1 w\ld endeav\r to prevail ^u him to eat aft] dr9k+1 & z x is ! ,engli%man's habit to dr9k aft] eat+1 x is easy to see t too mu* att5tion on ei!r side might lead to v un=tunate results4 ,a great deal is said ab\t ! enorm\s quantity ( *ampagne consum$ 9 ,russia4 ,*ampagne1 h[ev]1 co/s five r\bles 7f sixte5 to sev5te5 %ill+s7 a bottle--! duty alone am\nt+ to "o r\ble a bottle--& is only drunk habitually by p]sons ( consid]able means4 ,nor does ! *ampagne bottle g r\nd s frequ5tly at ,russian z at ,engli% d9n]s4 ,x is usually giv51 z 9 ,france1 ) ! pa/ry & dess]t1 & no o!r w9e is tak5 aft] x4 ,! ri* m]*ants are said to dr9k *ampagne v freely at _! ev5+ ent]ta9m5ts2 b ! only m]*ant at ^: h\se ,i d9$ _h1 un=tunately1 adopt$ ,we/]n mann]s1 & gave no?+ dur+ ! ev5+ b tea4 ,h[ev]1 at fe/ivals & celebrations ( all k9ds--:e!r ( congratulation1 ( welcome1 or ( f>ewell--*ampagne is indisp5sable4 ,:at ,alphonse ,k>r says ( wom5 & _! toilette--t !y reg>d e ev5t 9 life z an occasion = a new dress--may c]ta9ly be p>aphras$ & appli$ to ! ,russians 9 connection ) *ampagne4 ,besides ! *ampagne :i* is giv5 z a matt] ( c\rse at d9n]-p>ties & balls1 !re mu/ be *ampagne at bir?days1 *ampagne at *ri/5+s1 *ampagne at1 or 9 hon\r (1 betro?als1 *ampagne 9 abundance at w$d+s1 *ampagne at ! arrival ( a fri5d1 & *ampagne at 8 dep>ture4 ,= ^? :o _c af=d v]itable *ampagne1 ,russian v9iculture supplies an excell5t imitation 9 ! %ape ( ,donskoi & ,crimskoi1--! w9es ( ! ,don & ( ! ,crimea4 ,z ,donskoi co/s only a fif? ( ! price ( real *ampagne1 x w be und]/ood t x is n seldom sub/itut$ = ! g5u9e article1 bo? by fraudul5t w9e m]*ants & economic ho/s4 ,h[ev]1 x is a true w9e1 & f> sup]ior to ! fabrications ( ,hamburg1 :i*1 "u ! "n ( *ampagne1 f9d _! way all ov] ! nor? ( ,europe4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t ! ,russians dr9k *ampagne m]ely because x is de>4 ,b ! fact is1 !y h a lik+ = all eff]vesc+ dr9ks1 & naturally1 !re=e1 = *ampagne1 ! be/ ( all4 ,among ! eff]vesc+ dr9ks peculi> to ,russia1 we may m5tion apple kvass1 kislya %*ee1 & voditsa4 ,kislya %*ee is made out ( two sorts ( malt1 ?ree sorts ( fl\r1 & dri$ apples2 9 apple kvass !re are m apples & less malt & fl\r4 ,voditsa 7a dim9utive ( voda1 wat]71 is made ( syrup1 wat]1 & a little _s4 ,all ^! summ]-dr9ks are bottl$ & kept 9 ! ice-h\se4 ,,c>nival-,,"t ,,& ,,ea/] ,a4 ,,nicol ,,simpson ,l5t is h]ald$ by c>nival1 call$ by ,russians ,maslanitza--! ,butt] ,wo*5 ( ! ,g]mans4 ,maslanitza is held dur+ ! eigh? week prec$+ ,ea/]1 ! fa/ prop] is obs]v$ dur+ ! int]v5+ sev5 weeks4 ,dur+ ,maslanitza e article ( diet1 fle% except$1 is all[$ to be p>tak5 (1 b ov]-indulg5ce 9 o!r articles1 includ+ dr9ks1 is n =bidd54 ,c>nival comm5ces on ,sunday at noon & cont9ues till ! close ( ! succe$+ ,sunday4 ,! salutation dur+ ! week is ,maslanitza1 or ,%]okie ,maslanitza1 ,%]okie mean+1 lit]ally broad1 indicat+ a full am\nt ( pleasure1 & ! facial expression accompany+ ?is salutation %[s pla9ly t unre/ra9$ enjoym5t is ! aim & object = ! week4 ,^u ! dis*>ge ( ! "t gun at noon1 !re em]ge f all p>ts ( ! city t9y sleighs driv5 by peasants1 *iefly ,f9ns1 :o = ! "t are all[$ to ply = hire by ! paym5t ( a nom9al tax impos$ by ! police or city corporation4 ,mo/ ( ^! ,f9ns are unable to speak ,russian intelligibly1 al?\gh liv+ at no great di/ance f ! capital4 ,x is said t f #e1jjj to #aj1jjj ( ^! jehus come annually to ,/4 ,pet]sburg = ,maslanitza1 & !y add mat]ially to ! gaiety ( ! city z !y drive along ! /reets4 ,^! ,f9ns are mo/ly patroniz$ by ! work+-classes1 = ! simple reason t _! *>ges are l[] ?an ! ord9>y isvoz*ick1 or cabby4 ,dur+ ! fe/ivities ! great c5tre ( attraction = ! work+ population is ! ,m>co ,polo1 or ,*amp de ,m>s1 an imm5se pla9 on ! banks ( ! ,neva4 ,"h a huge fair is held1 ) ! usual assortm5t ( /alls1 load$ ) sweetmeats & simil> da9ties4 ,actors f ! city !atres are ^u ! gr\nd1 ) small] boo?s :]e ! /age-/ruck h]o acts ! lead+ "p4 ,!re are dw>fs1 fat wom51 giants1 & ! r5[n$ ubiquit\s ,pun* & ,judy1 m]ry-g-r\nds1 c>d-%>p]s1 *eap-jacks1 & a m$ley cr[d ( m5 & wom5 all cat]+ = ! r\bles ( ! cr[d4 ,:at are t]m$ ! ice-hills are p]haps ! mo/ attractive feature ( ! ga!r+4 ,9 ! city fea/+ & visit+ are ! ord] ( ! day4 ,!re is no limit to ! consumption ( ble5ies1 a k9d ( pancake made ( buck:eat fl\r1 & eat5 ) butt] sauce or fre% cavi>e1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! families4 ,morn1 noon1 & night ble5ies are cook$ & eat5 by ! doz51 moi/5$1 ( c\rse1 ) ! indisp5sable vodka or native g91 :i* is di/ill$ f rye4 ,:5 midnight ( ! second ,sunday arrives1 all gaieties are suppos$ to vani%1 & a subdu$ & demure aspect mu/ be assum$1 & ! =m ( congratulation betwe5 fri5ds & acqua9tances is--,pozdravl9 vam po/1 or ,i congratulate y on ! fa/4 ,! *ur* bells toll m\rnfully at brief int]vals f #d or #e ,a4 ,m41 :5 e>ly mass is celebrat$ until ab\t #h ,p4 ,m41 :5 ev5+ s]vice closes4 ,be=e ! ,passion--l ! ,jews1 :o at ,passov] se>* dilig5tly = & ca/ out ! old leav5--! ,russian h\sewife likewise se>*es out e corn]1 mo/ remorselessly sweeps f its hid+-place e p>ticle ( du/4 ,ev]y?+ is done to make ! h\se & its cont5ts fit to meet a ris5 ,savi\r4 ,! /reets1 always v clean1 receive special att5tion1 ev5 ! lamp-po/s are c>efully wa%$ d[n & ! k]bs s&$4 ,ev]y?+ t w clean has bru% & soap-&-wat] appli$ to x4 ,! reason ( ?is is ! belief t our ,savi\r invisibly walks ab\t ! e>? = =ty days aft] ,ea/]1 t is1 until ,asc5sion ,day4 ,on ! ,?ursday ( ,passion ,week ,/ra%naya ,n$elli1 i4 e41 ,t]rible ,week1 is enact$ 9 a v reali/ic fa%ion "o ( ! la/ acts ( our ,savi\r--! wa%+ ( ! ,disciples' feet4 ,aft] ! close ( ! second diet ( wor%ip at ,/4 ,isaac's ,ca!dral ?is c]emony is p]=m$4 ,! mo/ important day ( ! week is t ( ,/ra%naya ,piatnitsa1 or ,good ,friday1 :5 ! burial ( our ,"l is enact$ be=e ! p 9 a truly solemn & impressive mann]4 ,9 e *ur* !re is a s>cophagus 9 imitation ( our ,savi\r's tomb1 & _m ( ^! s>cophagi are ( elaborate workman%ip ) gorge\s gilt & o!rwise ornam5t$4 ,! lid is adorn$ ) a pa9t+ repres5t+ our ,savi\r 9 dea?4 ,at dawn ?is lid is c>ri$ into ! *apel1 & by #c ,p4 ,m4 ! s>cophagus is 9 its place on ! dais ready to receive ! body ( our ,"l4 ,%ortly be=e ! s]vice is conclud$1 all ! wor%ipp]s h _! tap]s light$1 ! flame be+ procur$ f a c&elabrum 9 front ( ! sacr$ icon4 ,?is is done by ^? ne>e/ to ! c&elabrum light+ _! tap]s1 :ile ^? beh9d !m get ! sacr$ flame f !m1 & 9 ?is way all get _! tap]s lit4 ,_m endeav\r to c>ry _! burn+ tap]s home1 s t !y may h ! holy flame 9 _! dwell+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,isaac',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg4 ,leav+ ! *apel ! cr[d mu/]s 9 ! /reet4 ,!n !re em]ges a *ur* dignit>y be>+ a l>ge brightly-burni%$ crucifix1 foll[$ by o!rs be>+ bann]ettes & o!r symbols1 ! names & uses ( :i* are to u a my/]y4 ,la/ ( all come =? f\r prie/s1 clad 9 _! gorge\s canonical ve/m5ts1 be>+ ! lid ( ! s>cophagus :i* is support$ on brass rods4 ,"u ! lid walks an ag$ prie/ clad 9 8 cl]ical ve/m5ts1 repres5t+ ! dead ,*ri/ be+ c>ri$ to 8 tomb4 ,sl[ly1 sadly1 & rev]5tly he is borne to ! tomb1 ! wor%ipp]s cross+ !mselves mo/ dev\tly4 ,a sudd5 ru% is made = ! *ur* to witness ! int]m5t1 ! big bell mean:ile toll+ m\rnfully z ! procession moves on4 ,! sad procession ent]s ! *ur*1 &1 go+ up to :]e ! s>cophagus is plac$ ) all ! ext]nal appe>ances ( love1 m\rn+1 & lam5tation1 ! lid is plac$ on ! s>cophagus & ! la/ obsequies ( ! crucifi$ ,*ri/ are ov]4 ,prep>ations are n[ indu/ri\sly made = ! due celebration ( ! ,resurrection morn4 ,%opp+1 %opp+1 %opp+ goes on )\t int]mission4 ,^? :o c1 prep>e to adorn _! bodies ) "o or m articles ( new clo?+1 b all make prep>ations = a sumptu\s fea/4 ,x is int]e/+ to wat* ! %ops1 especially 9 ! public m>kets1 to see ! avidity ) :i* e article ( food is b\ght up4 ,! but*]s come 91 p]haps1 = ! l>ge/ %>e ( cu/om1 z fle%1 especially smok$ ham1 is 9 univ]sal dem&4 ,ham among all classes ( ! community is indisp5sable = ! break+ ( ! fa/ & ! due celebration ( ! fea/4 ,dy$ eggs are 9 univ]sal reque/4 ,! ex*ange ( eggs1 accompani$ ) kiss+ on ! lips & *eeks 9 ! =m ( ! cross1 accompanies all gifts or ex*ange4 ,! koolit* & paska h also to be b\ght4 ,! koolit* is a sweet k9d ( :eat5 bread1 circul> 9 =m1 9 :i* !re are rais9s4 ,x is ornam5t$ ) c&i$ sug> & usually has ! ,ea/] salutation on x3 ,*ri/os vozkress--,*ri/ is ris5--! :ole surm\nt$ ) a l>ge gaudy r$-pap] rose4 ,! paska is made ( cords1 pyramidal 9 %ape1 & conta9s a few rais9s1 &1 l ! =m]1 has also a pap] rose ins]t$ on ! top4 ,^! are ! s9e qua non = ! due obs]vance ( ,ea/]1 b :at relation !y may h1 if any1 to ! ,jewi% ,fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 x is difficult to see1 al?\gh 9 _m o!r respects !re is a /rik+ resemblance to ! s]vice ( ! ,temple 9 ,j]usalem 9 ! ritual ( ! ,russo-,greek ,*ur*4 ,! koolit* & paska & dy$ eggs are br\ght to1 b n into1 ! *ur* on ! ,saturday ev5+4 ,"s h burn+ tap]s ins]t$ into !m1 :ile a pure :ite table napk9 is spread on ! gr\nd1 or on b5*es specially provid$ = ! purpose1 await+ ! prie/s' bless+4 ,! h\rs = ?is purpose are six1 eight1 & t5 o'clock4 ,! prie/s spr9kle ! koolit*1 paska1 & dy$ eggs at ^! h\rs1 ^? to :om !y belong slipp+ a silv] or copp] co9 into 8 h& z a rew>d = 8 s]vices4 ,^! articles are !n c>ri$ home1 & along ) ! o!r necessities = ! fea/ are laid out on a table1 !re to lie unt\*$ till ! resurrection ( ! ,savi\r is an accompli%$ fact4 ,mean:ile ! lessons are be+ read ov] ! tomb ( ,*ri/1 & ! devotees1 /ill 9 l>ge numb]s1 kiss ,8 face & feet4 ,ab\t #aa ,p4 ,m4 ! s>cophagus is :eel$ to its usual place 9 ! *ur*1 :]e x rema9s until ! foll[+ ,ea/]4 ,all ! *ur*es by ?is "t are d5sely pack$ ) wor%ipp]s1 sil5tly wait+ ) eag] expectancy ! "t :5 _! ,savi\r w break ! bonds ( dea? & rise f ! tomb 9 :i* he has n[ la9 = ?ree days4 ,z if by magic1 ev]yone has light$ 8 or h] tap]1 & looks anxi\sly t[>ds ! alt>-scre51 :]e prep>ations are be+ made by ! prie/s to g to ,joseph ( ,arima!a's g>d51 z ! disciples & wom5 did ( old to visit ! tomb :]e ,*ri/ 0 buri$4 ,?is !y d by =m+ a procession ) ! crucifix1 bann]ettes1 etc41 ea* c>ry+ a light$ c&le 9 8 h&4 ,!re is a ru% among ! wor%ipp]s to jo9 ! procession4 ,!y walk ?rice r\nd ! *ur*1 se>*+ dilig5tly by ! aid ( _! c&les = ,*ri/1 & n f9d+ ,him1 !y g to br+ ! disciples ^w t ,he is ris5 f ! dead4 ,:5 ! procession ent]s ! ?re%old ( ! *ur*1 ! royal gates are ?r[n back1 sudd5ly display+ a m>vell\sly beautiful /a9$ glass w9d[1 & all eyes behold an en*ant+ repres5tation ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! act ( ris+ f ! cold grave4 ,! prie/s ) ! *ori/]s1 z !y ent] ! *ur*1 proclaim 9 joyful tones1 ,*ri/os vozkress 7,*ri/ is ris571 ! response be+ ,voe/5no vozkress 7,truly ,he is ris574 ,x is really a jubilant song ( praise !y s+--! f9ely tra9$ voices ( ! *oir & prie/s1 jo9$ ) ^? ( ! wor%ipp]s1 mak+ x mo/ impressive4 ,e face 9 ! va/ cr[d be>s ! joy\s expression ( gladness1 = to ^! m5 & wom5 a really dead ,*ri/ has ris51 & is n[ invisibly 9 _! mid/4 ,relatives & fri5ds kiss ea* o!r & %ake h&s1 & ! salutation1 ,*ri/os vozkress1 ) ! refra91 ,voe/5no vozkress1 is he>d on e side4 ,! (ficiat+ prie/ beg9s ! usual e>ly morn+ s]vice 7celebrat$ on ord9>y ,sundays at #e ,a4 ,m471 :i* cont9ues until ne>ly ?ree o'clock1 :5 ! *ur*es are clos$ = ! day4 ,imm$iately aft] midnight a salute ( "o hundr$ & "o guns is giv5 f ! =tress to greet ! sacr$ morn4 ,! :ole city is /irr$ z ! l\d peal ( cannon rev]b]ates1 proclaim+ to ! fai?ful t ,*ri/ is inde$ ris5 f ! dead4 ,"s few wor%ipp]s rema9 9 *ur* until ! e>ly s]vice is ov]1 b ! majority retire to _! homes to t5d] ! greet+s ( ! day4 ,!n families & fri5ds assemble at ! dome/ic bo>d t groans "u a load ( ! good ?+s ( ?is life1 accord+ to _! circum/ances1 & to make rep>ation to _! /oma*s = ! privation !y h endur$ dur+ ! sev5 weeks ( ,l5t4 ,& full comp5sation _! /oma*s get1 z ! fea/ is a lit]al gorge ( meat & dr9k4 ,ham is on ! table ( pr9ce & peasant alike1 & x is fir/ p>tak5 (4 ,! table ( ! ri* is spread ) all ga/ronomical luxuries1 vodka & w9es1 cold roa/ beef1 eggs1 etc4 ,^! da9ties rema9 on ! table = sev]al days2 inde$ a free table is kept1 & all :o call to congratulate are expect$ to p>take ( ! hospitality4 ,n to d s is reg>d$ 9 ! light ( an insult4 ,on ,ea/] ,sunday only g5tlem5 pay visits ( congratulation2 ladies rema9 at home = t day to receive & ent]ta9 visitors4 ,pres5ts are disp5s$ to dome/ic & o!r s]vants4 ,a good dr9k is z indisp5sable to ! fea/ among ! peasant class z a good fe$1 & !y nei!r d5y !mselves ! "o nor ! o!r1 _! potations la/+ = sev]al days4 ,to ! ,we/]n m9d ! cont9ual kiss+ & giv+ ( eggs on ! /reets appe> /rangely out ( keep+ ) ! solemnity ( ! h\r4 ,to see a c\ple ( be>d$ m5 hugg+ & kiss+ ea* o!r & ea* o!r's wives on ! public /reets1 ) ! salutation1 ,*ri/os vozkress1 is inde$ peculi>4 ,b use & wont ju/ify ?is1 & x w\ld be a brea* ( c\rtesy to )hold ! lips & *eeks1 & w\ld be reg>d$ z indicat+ indiff]5ce to ! great fea/ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,pres5t-giv+1 al?\gh on some:at simil> l9es to our ,*ri/mas greet+s1 is a mu* heavi] tax on a ,russian h\sehold ?an ,*ri/mas gifts are ) u4 ,9 ! ord9>y h\se 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! ma/]1 on ga9+ 8 breakfa/-room1 is salut$ by 8 dome/ic s]vant ) ,prazdnik 7holiday71 ,*ri/os vozkress1 :i* involves a new dress = ! female1 or a money equival5t4 ,!n ! dvorniks1 or h\se-port]s1 respl5d5t 9 clean :ite aprons1 make _! appe>ance1 giv+ ! usual salutation1 & "o or two r\bles mu/ be giv54 ,!y h sc>cely vani%$ :5 a c\ple ( *imney-sweep]s put 9 an appe>ance1 necessitat+ ano!r appeal to ! purse2 po/m5 foll[1 & 9 _! re> come ! juv5ile repres5tatives ( y\r but*]1 gre5groc]1 etc41 all b5t ^u te/+ y\r lib]ality4 ,y g to *ur* & ! doorkeep] gravely says1 ,*ri/os vozkress1 :ile he ( ! cloak-room e*oes ! s5tim5t to ! impov]i%m5t ( "o's ex*equ]4 ,b ?is seem+ m5dicancy is n conf9$ to ^! classes1 = ev5 ! rev]5d fa!rs & bre?r5 walk 9 ! same foot/eps unblu%+ly4 ,ei!r on foot or by c>riage !y call ^u ! well-to-d ( _! *ur*1 give ! usual salutation1 ,*ri/os vozkress1 & ! kiss1 p>take ( ! g5]al hospitality1 & get _! gratuity or ,na ,*ai1 z x is call$1 & retire4 ,!y are sc>cely gone :5 ! ,/>o/e1 or eld]s1 put 9 an appe>ance1 foll[$ by ! ,pyef*e1 or *ori/]s1 all ( :om %>e 9 ! b\nty & hospitality ( ^? on :om !y call4 ,! prie/s1 ( c\rse1 come 9 = ! l>ge/ %>e1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 !y "k ! value ( ! adage1 ,fir/ come fir/ s]v$4 ,at mid-day ( ,ea/] ,sunday a salute is fir$ f ! =tress1 & c>nival beg9s aga94 ,x is a repetition ( ! same amusem5ts z 9 c>nival be=e ,l5t1 & cont9ues until ! foll[+ ,sunday ev5+4 ,,russian ,,tea ,,& ,,tea-,,h\ses ,h4 ,,su!rl& ,,edw>ds ,a true ,russian re/aurant1 or traktir 7probably f ! ,fr5* traiteur71 is n to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ^: cafes & re/aurants are ei!r ,g]man or ,fr5*1 or imitat$ f ,g]man or ,fr5* models4 ,"o ( ! l>ge ,mosc[ traktirs is n only v mu* l>g]1 b at lea/ twelve times l>g] ?an an ord9>y ,fr5* cafe4 ,! be/ ( !m is ! ,troitzkoi traktir1 :]e ! m]*ants meet to complete ! b>ga9s !y h comm5c$ on ! ,ex*ange--t is to say--9 ! /reet b5ea?1 :]e all bus9ess is c>ri$ on1 summ] & w9t]1 9 ! op5 air4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg is m =tunate1 & has a regul> b\rse1 ) a *apel atta*$ to x4 ,! m]*ants always ent] ?is *apel be=e comm5c+ _! regul> aft]noon's "w 7',*ange is held at f\r o'clock 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg71 & rema9 = sev]al m9utes at _! devotions1 occasionally (f]+ a c&le to ! ,virg9 or "s sa9t4 ,n[ & !n x mu/ happ5 t a speculator = ! rise & a speculator = ! fall ent] ! *apel & comm5ce _! orisons at ! same "t4 ,probably !y pray t !y may n be tempt$ to *eat "o ano!r4 ,!re is no special *apel = ! ,mosc[ m]*ants1 nor is !re "o atta*$ to ! ,troitzkoi traktir1 :i* ,i am incl9$ to look ^u aft] all z ! real ,mosc[ ,ex*ange4 ,b 9 ea* ( ! rooms1 ( :i* ! entrances z usual are ar*$1 & :i* toge!r =m an app>5tly int]m9able suite1 ! indisp5sable holy picture is to be se52 & no ,russian goes 9 or out )\t mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4 ,no ,russian1 to :atev] class he may belong1 rema9s = a mom5t ) 8 hat on 9 any inhabit$ place2 :e!r out ( complim5t to ^? :o inhabit x1 or f respect to ! holy pictures1 or f mix$ reasons4 ,! wait]s1 ( :om !re are said to be a hundr$ & fifty at ! ,troitzkoi traktir1 are all dress$ 9 :ite1 & x is faceti\sly ass]t$ t !y are =bidd5 to sit d[n dur+ ! day = fe> ( di/urb+ ! h>mony & de/roy+ ! purity ( _! spotless l954 ,! s]vice is excell5t4 ,! wait]s wat* & div9e ! wi%es ( ! gue/s1 in/ead ( ! gue/s hav+ to wat*1 seek1 & sometimes scream = ! wait]s1 z is too (t5 ! case 9 ,engl&4 ,"h ! att5dants d ev]y?+ = ! visitor2 cut up 8 pirog 7meat1 or fi% patty71 s t he may eat x ) 8 =k2 p\r out 8 tea1 fill 8 *ib\k1 & ev5 br+ x to him ready light$4 ,! read] p]ceives t !re is a c]ta9 ,ori5tal /yle ab\t ! ,russian traktirs4 ,! great article ( consumption 9 !m is tea4 ,e "o ord]s tea1 ei!r by itself1 or to foll[ ! d9n]2 & ! majority ( ^? :o come into ! place take no?+ else4 ,y c h a tumbl] ( tea1 or a pot ( tea2 b 9 ord]+ x y d n ask = tea at all1 b = s _m portions ( sug>4 ,! orig9 ( ?is curi\s cu/om x is sc>cely wor? :ile to consid]2 b x app>5tly dates f ! la/ ,european w>1 :51 dur+ ! g5]al blockade1 ! price ( sug> 9 ,russia rose to ab\t f\r %ill+s a p\nd4 ,all sorts ( /ories h be5 told ab\t ! quantity ( tea consum$ by ,russian m]*ants1 nor d ,i look ^u any ( !m z exagg]at$4 ,f twelve to tw5ty cups are ?\ght no?+ (4 ,i h se5 two m]*ants ent] a traktir1 ord] s _m portions ( sug>1 & dr9k cup aft] cup ( tea1 until ! tea-urn be=e !m is empty2 yet ! ord9>y tea-urn ( ! traktir holds at lea/ a gallon1 or a gallon & a half4 ,tea1 says ,m4 ,g]ebtz(f1 has become1 = e "o1 an habitual article ( consumption1 & replaces1 advantage\sly = morality1 br&y & be]2 = on all occasions :5 a b>ga9 has to be conclud$1 or :5 a companion has to be ent]ta9$1 or on receiv+ or tak+ leave ( a fri5d1 tea is giv5 in/ead ( w9e or br&y4 ,inde$1 ,i n only obs]v$ t 9 ! ,mosc[ traktirs ne>ly e "o drank tea1 b t x 0 a fav\rite bev]age ) all classes on all occasions4 ,! middle & upp] classes take tea twice or ?ree times a day1--always 9 ! morn+1 & (t5 twice 9 ! ev5+4 ,! isvo/*ik1 :o =m]ly _h a reputation = drunk5ness1 :i* travell]s ( ! pres5t day cont9ue to ascribe to him1 appe>s to pref] tea to e o!r dr9k4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 my exp]i5ce2 & 8 mode ( ask+ = a p\r boire seems to confirm x4 ,"s ye>s s9ce travell]s us$ to tell u ( ! isvo/*ik ask+ at ! end ( 8 drive = vodka money 7na votk\72 at pres5t ! inv>iable reque/ is = tea-money 7na t*ai74 ,ev5 9 roadside inns1 :]e ,i h se5 f twelve to tw5ty coa*m5 & po/ilions sitt+ d[n toge!r1 no?+ b tea 0 be+ drunk4 ,a well-kn[n t\ri/ has told u t e ,russian peasant possesses a tea-urn1 or samov>2 b ?is is n ! case4 ,! majority ( ! peasants are too poor to af=d su* a luxury z tea1 except on r>e occasions1 b a tea-urn is "o ( ! fir/ objects t a peasant :o has sav$ a little money buys2 & x is true1 t 9 "s prosp]\s villages !re is a samov> 9 e hut2 & 9 all ! po/-h\ses & inns ea* visitor is suppli$ ) a sep>ate "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,anne ,,re/aurant1 ,,wiborg4 ,! samov>1 :i*1 lit]ally1 means self-boil]1 is made ( brass l9$ ) t91 ) a tube 9 ! c5tre4 ,9 fact1 x resembles ! ,engli% urn1 except t 9 ! c5tre-tube r$-hot c9d]s are plac$ in/ead ( ! iron heat]4 ,( c\rse1 ! *>coal1 or braise1 has to be ignit$ 9 a back kit*5 or c\rt-y>d2 = 9 a room ! c>bonic acid proce$+ f x w\ld prove injuri\s4 ,x has no advantage !n1 :atev]1 ov] ! ,engli% urn1 except t x c be heat$ ) facility 9 ! op5 air1 ) no?+ b "s *>coal1 a few /icks ( ?9 dry wood1 & a lucif]2 h5ce its value at picnics1 :]e x is consid]$ indisp5sable4 ,9 ! woods ( ,sakolniki1 9 ! g>d5s ( ,m>9a ,ros*ia1 & 9 ! gr\nds adjo9+ ! ,petrovski ,palace1 all close to ,mosc[1 l>ge supplies ( samov>s are kept at ! tea-h\ses1 & ea* visitor1 or p>ty ( visitors1 is suppli$ ) "o4 ,inde$1 ! quantity ( tea consum$ at ^! suburban retreats 9 ! spr+ & summ] is prodigi\s4 ,9 ,russia !re is no int]val betwe5 w9t] & spr+4 ,z soon z ! fro/ breaks up ! grass spr\ts1 ! trees blossom1 & all nature is alive4 ,9 t c\ntry ( extremes !re is sometimes z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ,april & ,may z !re is 9 ,engl& betwe5 ,janu>y & ,june4 ,! summ] is celebrat$ by v>i\s prom5ades to ! c\ntry1 :i* take place at ,ea/]1 on ! fir/ ( ,may1 ,asc5sion ,day1 ,tr9ity ,sunday1 & o!r occasions4 ,! great majority ( ^! prom5ades are ( a fe/ive nature1 b "s1 l t :i* is made on ! #ai? ( ,may to ! mona/]y & cemet]y ( ! ,don1 h a p5it5tial1 or1 at lea/1 a m\rnful "*4 ,! samov>1 h[ev]1 is pres5t ev5 9 ! *ur*y>d4 ,i nev] jo9$ 9 "o ( ! fun]al pilgrimages to ! ,donskoi conv5t2 b 9 o!r cemet]ies outside ,mosc[ & ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7intramural burial n be+ tol]at$71 ,i notic$ t ! cu/odians kept 9 _! lodges a supply ( samov>s = ! b5efit ( visitors4 ,&1 aft] all1 :at c be m appropriate ?an an urn 9 a cemet]y8 ,betwe5 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & ,kovno or ,taurogg51 !re are upw>ds ( fifty /ations1 at ea* ( :i* tea c be procur$4 ,travell]s ^: r\te does n lie along ! gov]nm5t po/-roads1 take samov>s ) !m 9 _! c>nages2 & small samov>s t c be pack$ into ! n>r[e/ compass are made = ! use ( (fic]s />t+ on a campaign1 & o!r p]sons likely to f9d !mselves 9 places :]e x may be difficult to procure hot wat]4 ,small tea-caddies are also manufactur$ ) a simil> object4 ,ea* caddy conta9s "o or m glasses2 = m5 among !mselves usually dr9k _! tea1 n out ( tea-cups1 b out ( tumbl]s4 ,n _m ye>s s9ce x 0 ! fa%ion to give cups to wom5 & tumbl]s to m5 9 ! ev5+2 b ! tumbl] is gradually be+ bani%$1 at lea/ f ! draw+-room4 ,! ,russians nev] take milk 9 _! tea2 !y take ei!r cream1 or a slice ( lemon or pres]v$ fruit1 or simply sug> )\t ! addition ( any?+ else4 ,!y hold t milk spoils tea1 & !y are "r4 ,tea ) lemon or pres]ves 7=m+ a k9d ( tea-pun*1 well wor?y ! att5tion ( tea-totall]s71 is only tak5 9 ! ev5+4 ,sometimes ! m5 add rum4 ,,h[ ,,russia ,,amuses ,,itself ,,fr$ ,,:i%aw ,if ,i 7 ask$ to /ate :at a ,russian s*oolboy does ) 8 sp>e "t aft] work+ h\rs are ov]1 ,i %\ld be mu* puzzl$ :at to say4 ,un=tunately "y ,russia has n ! fa9te/ glimm]+ ( k ( ! practice or ev5 ( ! exi/5ce ( su* ?+s z football1 cricket1 fives1 rackets1 golf1 a?letic sports1 hockey1 or any o!r ( ! num]\s pa/imes :i* play s important a "p 9 ! life ( e s*oolboy 9 ?is m]ry l& ( ,engl&4 ,!re=e !re is no "q1 = him1 ( /ay+ beh9d at ! s*ool premises aft] work+ h\rs1 9 ord] to take "p 9 any game4 ,he goes home2 t mu* is c]ta92 mo/ ( 8 "t is loaf$ away--t1 too1 is beyond "q4 ,he may skate a little1 p]haps1 9 ! w9t]1 if he happ5s to live ne> a skat+ gr\nd1 b he w n g f> = x2 & 9 ! summ]1 :i* is holiday "t = him1 f ,june to ,septemb]1 he walks up & d[n ! village /reet clo!d 9 :ite calico g>m5ts1 or plays cup & ball 9 ! g>d52 fi%es a little1 p]haps1 9 ! riv] or pond if !re happ5 to be "o1 & lazies 8 "t away )\t ex]tion4 ,( late ye>s lort5eece1 z lawn-t5nis is call$ 9 ! ,ts>'s c\ntry has be5 slightly attempt$2 b x is n really lik$3 too _m balls are lo/ & ! rules ( ! game h nev] yet be5 ?or\ghly grasp$4 ,a qu>tette ( m5 w occasionally rig up _! net1 :i* !y raise to ab\t ! height ( a foot & a half1 & play a species ( battl$ore & %uttlecock ov] x until ! balls disappe>2 b x is sc>cely t5nis4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a ,russian g5]ally ru%es at ! ball & misses x2 on ! r>e occasions :5 he /rikes ! object1 he does s ) s mu* en]gy t ! ball unless /opp$ by ! adv]s>y's eye1 or 8 p>tn]'s1 disappe>s =ev] into ! blue4 ,croquet is a mild fav\rite1 too2 b x is play$ v languidly & unsci5tifically4 ,mo/ g>d5s 9 ,russian c\ntry h\ses conta9 a sw+1 a rott+ horizontal b> = ! gymna/ically 7& suicidally7 incl9$1 & a giant /ride4 ,occasionally !re is a fl[]-b$ 9 ! c5tre1 9 :i* our de> old ,briti% fri5d ! rhub>b1 monopolizes ! space1 & makes a good %[ z an ornam5tal plant2 = he is n kn[n 9 t b5ight$ c\ntry z a come/ible1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 *ildr5 are acqua9t$ ) & hate him 9 8 m$ic9al capacity4 ,besides ! sw+s & ! rhub>b1 !re are s& or gravel pa?s2 & built out ov] ! du/y road is an op5 summ]-h\se1 :]e9 ! ,muscoviti% h\sehold] & 8 ladies love to sit & sip _! tea = ! great] "p ( ea* day--?is be+ _! acme ( happ9ess4 ,! du/ may lie half-an-in* ?ick ov] ! surface ( _! tea & bread & butt]1 b ?is does n detract f ! delights ( ! fasc9at+ occupation4 ,i %\ld po9t out t 9 all ,i h said above1 ,i ref] n s mu* to ! highe/ or to ! l[e/ classes ( ,russian society1 z to t middle /ratum to :i* belong ! families ( ! ,*9ovnik1 ( ! infantry (fic]1 or ! well-to-d m]*ant4 ,! ari/ocracy amuse !mselves v mu* 9 ! same way z our own4 ,!y %oot1 !y loaf & play c>ds 9 _! clubs1 !y but*] pigeons out ( traps1 !y h _! race-meet+s1 !y dance mu* & well2 "s h ya*ts ( _! own4 ,_m ( !m keep ,engli% grooms1 & _! ,engli%--:5 !y speak x--= ?is reason smacks some:at ( ! /able1 ?\gh !y are n usually aw>e t ?is is ! case4 ,if a ,russian autocrat has succe$$ 9 mak+ himself look l an ,engli%man1 & behaves l "o1 he is happy4 ,( w9t] sports--9 :i*1 h[ev]1 b a small m9ority ( ! ,russian y\? c>e to take "p--!re are skat+1 ice-yat*+1 sn[-%oe+1 & ice-hill+4 ,! skat+ ought1 naturally1 to be v good 9 ,russia4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! ice is g5]ally dead & lack+ 9 t ela/icity & spr+ :i* is *>act]i/ic ( our ,engli% ice4 ,x is too ?ick = ela/icity1 ?\gh ! surface is beautifully kept & sci5tifically treat$ ) a view to skat+ :]ev] a space is flood$ or an acre or two ( ! ,neva's broad bosom is reclaim$ to make a skat+-gr\nd4 ,"s ( ! ,russian amateurs skate m>vell\sly1 z also d _m ( ! ,engli% & o!r =eign resid5ts4 ,ice-ya*t+ is conf9$ almo/ entirely to ^! latt]1 ! natives n hav+ z yet awak5$ to ! m]its ( ?is f9e pa/ime4 ,ice-hill+1 h[ev]1 at fair-"t--t is1 dur+ ! c>nival week1 prec$+ ! long fa/ or ,l5t--is mu* practis$ by ! p4 ,?is is a k9d ( cross betwe5 ! swit*back & toboggan+1 & is an exce$+ly popul> amusem5t among ! ,engli% resid5ts ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,sn[-%oe+1 aga91 is a f9e & heal?ful recreation2 x is ! ski-runn+ ( ,norway1 & is belov$ & mu* practis$ by all ,engli%m5 :o are =tunate en\gh to be introduc$ to its fasc9ations4 ,x is too difficult & requires too mu* ex]tion1 h[ev]1 = "y ,russia1 & t indol5t individual1 9 consequ5ce1 r>ely dons ! sn[-%oe4 ,! ,russians are a !atre-lov+ p1 & ! act+ mu/ be v good to please _! critical ta/e4 ,_m ( _! !atres are imp]ial1 t is1 ! /ate pays ! pip] if ! receipts ( ! !atre s protect$ d n balance ! exp5diture4 ,9 pay+ = good arti/s1 :e!r op]atic or dramatic1 ! ,russians are mo/ lavi%1 & ! ,imp]ial ,italian ,op]a mu/ h be5 a s\rce ( consid]able exp5se to ! au?orities 9 ! days ( its /ate end[m5t4 ,ne>ly e ,russian is a natural musician1 & _c only s+ 9 tune1 b c take a "p by e>4 ,! man ) ! balaleika1 or g>monka1 is always sure ( an admir+ audi5ce1 :e!r 9 t[n or village2 & !re is n a t9y hamlet 9 ! empire b resolves itself1 on holidays1 into a pair ( *oral societies--"o = male & "o = female voices--:i* ei!r p>ade up & d[n ! village /reet1 s++1 )\t1 ( c\rse1 ei!r conductor or accompanim5t1 or sit 9 r[s ^u ! b5*es outside ! huts1 occupi$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,occasionally1 b v r>ely1 y may see a p>ty ( ,russian *ildr51 or "y m5 & wom51 play+1 9 ! op5 air1 at "o ( two games4 ,! fir/ is a v>iant ( prison]'s base2 ! o!r is a species ( n9ep9s1 or skittles1 play$ ) a gr\p ( uprights at :i* %ort1 ?ick clubs are ?r[n4 ,! ,russian y\?--^? :o are en]getic en\gh to practise ! game--sometimes atta9 consid]able pr(ici5cy ) ^! grim little weapons1 & make wond]ful %ots at a di/ance ( "s ?irty y>ds or s4 ,z = ! middle-class ,russian sportsman1 he =ms a class by himself1 & is a v orig9al p]son inde$1 unless taught ! delights ( ! *ase by an ,engli%man4 ,9 8 eyes ! be-all & end-all ( a true sportsman is to pur*ase ! or?odox equipm5t ( a gre5-trimm$ coat1 ,tyrolese hat1 & long boots1 & to pay 8 subscription to a %oot+ club4 ,he r>ely dis*>ges a gun2 ! rascally ?+ kicks1 he f9ds2 & ! birds w fly be=e he c po9t 8 weapon at !m z !y cr\* 9 ! hea!r at 8 feet2 ( c\rse he is n su* a fool z to fire aft] !y are up & away4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 he goes no f>!r afield ?an ! c>d-table ( ! club-h\se4 ,:y %\ld he8 ,he has b\ght all ! clo!s2 & :at m does a man ne$ to be a sportsman8 ,i _c hone/ly affirm t ,i ev] saw "o ( ^! good fell[s actually fire (f a gun2 = :5ev] ,i h be5 in=m$ t su* an ev5t is ab\t to take place1 ,i h always done my be/ to put two or ?ree good miles1 or a village or two1 betwe5 myself & ! ,muscoviti% sportsman4 ,,! ,,kirghiz ,,& ,,_! ,,horses ,,fr$ ,,burnaby ,! aspect ( ! c\ntry n[ und]w5t an entire *ange4 ,we _h left all traces ( civilization beh9d u1 & 7 regul>ly ^u ! ,/eppes4 ,n ! ,/eppes z !y are describ$ to u 9 ! summ] mon?s1 :5 hundr$s ( nomad tribes1 l _! =efa!rs ( old1 migrate f place to place1 ) _! families1 flocks1 & h]ds1 & relieve ! dre>y aspect ( ?is va/ flat expanse ) _! picturesque kibitkas1 or t5ts1 :ile hundr$s ( horses1 graz+ on ! ri* grass1 are a s\rce ( consid]able weal? to ! ,kirghiz proprietors4 ,a l>ge d9+-table cov]$ ) naught b its :ite clo? is n a *e]y sight4 ,to describe ! c\ntry = ! next "o hundr$ miles f ,orsk1 ,i ne$ only ext5d ! table-cov]4 ,= "h1 !re1 & ev]y:]e 0 a dazzl+1 gl>+ %eet ( :ite1 z se5 "u ! influ5ce ( a mid-day sun2 !n gradually s(t5+ d[n z ! god ( light sunk into ! we/1 x fad$ into a va/1 melan*oly-look+1 col\rless ocean4 ,?is 0 %r\d$ 9 "s places f ! view by filmy cl\ds ( mi/ & vap\r1 :i* rose 9 ! ev5+ air & %ad$ ! wild]ness ar\nd--a picture ( desolation :i* we>i$1 by its utt] lonel9ess1 & at ! same "t appall$ by its imm5sity2 a circle ( :i* ! c5tre 0 ev]y:]e1 & ! circumf]5ce n[h]e4 ,su* 7 ! ,/eppes z ,i drove ?r\gh !m at night-fall or 9 ! e>ly morn2 & :]e1 fatigu$ by want ( sleep1 my eye se>*$ eag]ly1 b 9 va91 = a /ation4 ,on arriv+ at ! halt+-place1 :i* 0 ab\t tw5ty-sev5 v]/s f ,orsk1 ,naz> came to me1 & said1 ,i am v sleepy2 ,i h n slept = ?ree nights1 & %all fall (f if we cont9ue ! j\rney4 ,:5 ,i began to ?9k ( x1 ! poor fell[ _h a good deal ( reason on 8 side4 ,i c\ld occasionally obta9 a few mom5ts' brok5 slumb]1 :i* 0 out ( ! "q = him4 ,i felt r a%am$ t 9 my selfi%ness ,i _h ov]-driv5 a will+ horse1 & ! fell[ _h %[n fir/-class pluck :5 we _h to pass ! night out on ! roadside2 s1 say+ t he ought to h told me be=e t he want$ re/1 ,i s5t him to lie d[n1 :51 /ret*+ 8 limbs alongside ! /ove1 9 an in/ant he 0 fa/ asleep4 ,! inspector 0 a good-temp]$1 fat old fell[1 ) r$ *eeks & an a/hmatic c\gh4 ,he _h be5 a vet]9>y surgeon 9 a ,cossack regim5t1 & consequ5tly 8 s]vices 7 mu* 9 reque/ ) ! p at ,orsk4 ,he in=m$ me t l& c\ld be b\ght on ^! flats = a r\ble & a half a desyat9 7#b1gjj acres72 t a c[ co/ ,l#c #bs4 #f;d42 a fat %eep1 two ye>s old1 #abs4 #f;d42 & mutton or beef1 a p5ny p] p\nd4 ,a capital horse c\ld be pur*as$ = ?ree sov]eigns1 a camel = ,l#g #ajs41 :ile fl\r co/ #as4 #d;d4 ! pood ( =ty p\nds4 ,^! 7 ! prices at ,orsk1 b at times he said t provisions c\ld be b\ght at a mu* l[] rate1 p>ticul>ly if pur*as$ f ! ,t>t>s !mselves4 ,! latt] _h suff]$ a great deal ( late ye>s f ! cattle-pe/1 & vacc9at+ ! animals _h be5 tri$ z an exp]im5t1 b1 accord+ to my in=mant1 ) b slight success4 ,! ,kirghiz !mselves h b little fai? 9 doctors or vets4 ,x is ) great difficulty t ! nomads c be p]suad$ to h _! *ildr5 vacc9at$2 ! result is1 t :5 small-pox breaks out among !m x creates fe>ful havoc 9 ! population4 ,putt+ ?is epidemic out ( ! "q1 ! rov+ ,t>t>s are a peculi>ly heal?y race4 ,! abs5ce ( m$ical m5 does n seem to h affect$ _! longevity1 ! disease !y mo/ suff] f be+ oph?almia1 :i* is br\ght on by ! gl>e ( ! sn[ 9 ! w9t]1 & by ! du/ & heat 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,! c\ntry n[ began to *ange its sn[y aspect1 & p>ty-col\r$ grasses ( v>i\s hues dott$ ! ,/eppes ar\nd4 ,! ,kirghiz _h tak5 advantage ( ! m b5ignant wea!r1 & hundr$s ( horses 7 "h & !re to be se5 pick+ up :at !y c\ld f9d4 ,9 fact1 x is extraord9>y h[ any ( ^! animals manage to exi/ ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s1 z ! nomads h>dly ev] fe$ !m ) corn1 tru/+ to ! slight vegetation :i* exi/s b5ea? ! sn[4 ,occasionally ! poor bea/s p]i% by ?\s&s1 & a ,t>t> :o is a ri* man "o week may f9d himself a begg> ! next4 ,?is comes f ! frequ5t sn[-/orms1 :5 ! !rmomet] sometimes desc5ds to f =ty to fifty degrees bel[ z]o1 ,fahr5heit2 b m (t5 f "s slight ?aw tak+ place = p]haps a few h\rs4 ,?is is suffici5t to ru9 :ole di/ricts1 = ! gr\nd becomes cov]$ ) an imp5etrable coat+ ( ice1 & ! horses simply die ( />vation1 n be+ able to kick away ! froz5 sub/ance z !y d ! sn[ f ! grass b5ea? _! ho(s4 ,no horses :i* ,i h ev] se5 are s h>dy z ^! little animals1 :i* are indig5\s to ! ,kirghiz ,/eppes2 p]haps = ! same reason t ! ,sp>tans ( old excell$ all o!r nations 9 physical /r5g?1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t nature doles out to ! weakly colts ! same fate :i* ! ,sp>tan p>5ts apportion$ to _! sickly (fspr+4 ,! ,kirghiz nev] clo! _! horses1 ev5 9 ! colde/ w9t]4 ,!y d n ev5 take ! tr\ble to wat] !m1 ! sn[ eat5 by ! animals supply+ ?is want4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! w9t] mon?s ! ribs ( ! poor bea/s almo/ come ?r\gh _! sides2 b once ! sn[ disappe>s & ! ri* vegetation :i* replaces x 9 ! e>ly spr+ comes up1 ! animals ga9 fle% & /r5g?1 & are capable ( p]=m+ m>*es :i* _m p 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld deem impossible1 a hundr$-mile ride n be+ at all an uncommon occurr5ce 9 ,t>t>y4 ,kirghiz horses are n g5]ally well %ap$1 & _c gallop v fa/1 b !y c trav]se enorm\s di/ances )\t wat]1 =age1 or halt+4 ,:5 ! natives wi% to p]=m any v long j\rney !y g5]ally employ two horses3 on "o !y c>ry a little wat] 9 a sk91 & "s corn1 :ile !y ride ! o!r1 *ang+ f "t to "t1 to ease ! animals4 ,x is said t a ,kirghiz *ief once gallop$ ) a ,cossack escort 7on two horses7 #bjj miles 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! pa? ext5d+ = a consid]able di/ance ov] a m\nta9\s & rocky di/rict4 ,! animals1 h[ev]1 soon recov]$ f ! effects ( ! j\rney1 al?\gh !y 7 a little lame = ! fir/ few days4 ,an extraord9>y m>* 0 made by ,c\nt ,borkh to ! ,sam1 9 ,may1 #ahgj4 ,! object ( 8 exp$ition 0 to explore ! r\tes across ! ,u/ ,urt1 & if possible to capture "s ,kirghiz auls 7villages71 :i* 7 ! headqu>t]s ( "s m>aud+ b&s f ! t[n ( ,kungrad4 ,! ,russian (fic] det]m9$ to cross ! nor!rn ,t*9k1 & by a =c$ m>* to surprise ! tribes :i* nomadiz$ on ! ,sam4 ,up to t "t only small ,cossack deta*m5ts _h ev] succe$$ 9 p5etrat+ to ?is locality4 ,to expla9 ! difficulties to be ov]come1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! ,u/ ,urt plateau is b\nd$ on all sides by a sc>p$ cliff1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,t*9k4 ,x is v /eep1 atta9+ 9 "s places an elevation ( f #djj to #fjj feet1 & ! tracks d[n its rugg$ sides are block$ up by enorm\s rocks & loose /ones4 ,c\nt ,borkh resolv$ to m>* z lightly equipp$ z possible1 & )\t baggage1 z he wi%$ to avoid meet+ any p>ties ( ! nomad tribes on 8 road4 ,8 m5 c>ri$ ?ree days' rations on _! saddles1 :ile ! artill]y took only z _m r\nds z ! limb]-box w\ld conta94 ,! exp$ition 0 made up ( #aej ,or5burg ,cossacks1 sixty m\nt$ riflem51 & a gun1 :i* 0 tak5 m by way ( exp]im5t ?an = any o!r reason1 ! au?orities be+ anxi\s to "k if artill]y c\ld be transport$ 9 t direction4 ,! deta*m5t rea*$ ,ak-,tiube 9 six days )\t contretemps1 aft] a m>* ( #ccc miles1 & ) ! loss ( only two lame horses4 ,,w9t] ,,9 ,,mosc[ ,h4 ,,su!rl& ,,edw>ds ,russia 9 ! summ] is no m l ,russia 9 ! w9t] ?an a camp 9 "t ( peace is l a camp 9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy4 ,moreov]1 sn[ is "o ( ! *ief natural productions ( ! c\ntry2 & )\t x ,russia is z un9t]e/+ z an or*>d )\t fruit4 ,"o always ?9ks ( ,russia 9 connection ) its fro/s1 & ( its fro/s 9 connection ) su* great ev5ts z ! campaign ( #ahab1 or ! w9t] ( #ahed 9 ! ,crimea4 ,accord+ly1 a =eign] 9 ,russia naturally looks =w>d to ! w9t] ) mu* int]e/1 m+l$ p]haps ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( awe4 ,he waits = x1 9 fact1 z a man waits = a ?ief1 expect+ ! visitor ) a c]ta9 k9d ( appreh5sion1 & n )\t a due provision ( life-pres]v]s 9 ! %ape ( golo%es1 sev5-leagu$ boots1 sc>ves1 fur coats1 etc4 ,! h\se ,i liv$ 9 0 9 ! middle ( ,mosc[2 & ) ! exception ( ! /oves1 ! int]nal arrangem5t seem$ l t ( mo/ o!r dwell+s 9 ,europe4 ,! ,russian /oves1 h[ev]1 are1 9 fact1 ?ick holl[ p>ty-walls1 built ( brick1 & sometimes sep>at+1 or connect+1 z _m z ?ree or f\r rooms1 & heat+ !m all f "o common c5tre4 ,! out] sides ( ^! l(ty intramural furnaces are usually fac$ ) a k9d ( :ite porcela91 ?\gh 9 "s h\ses !y are pap]$ l ! re/ ( ! wall1 s t ! pres5ce ( ! /ove is only kn[n 9 summ] by two or ?ree ap]tures l port-holes1 :i* h be5 made = ! purpose ( admitt+ ! hot air1 & :i*1 :5 !re is no heat )91 are clos$ ) r\nd metal cov]s l ! tops ( cani/]s4 ,sometimes1 especially 9 c\ntry h\ses1 ! /ove1 or peit*ka z x is call$1 is n only a wall1 b a wall :i*1 t[>ds ! bottom1 projects s z to =m a k9d ( dress] or s(a1 & :i* ! lazi] ( ! inmates use n infrequ5tly 9 ! latt] capacity4 ,9 ! huts ! peit*ka is almo/ inv>iably ( ?is =m2 & ! peasants n only lie & sleep ^u x z a matt] ( c\rse1 b ev5 get inside & use x z a ba?4 ,n t !y fill _! /oves ) wat]--t w\ld be r difficult4 ,b ! ,russian ba? is m]ely a room pav$ ) /one slabs & heat$ l an ov51 9 :i* ! ba!r /&s to be rubb$ & la!r$1 & to h buckets ( wat] p\r$ ov] him1 or ?r[n at him1 by nak$ att5dants2 & accord+ly a /ove makes an excell5t ba? on a small scale4 ,z a g5]al rule1 e r[ ( huts has "o or m ba?s atta*$ to x1 :i* ! inhabitants support by subscription2 b :5 ?is is n ! case1 ! peasant1 aft] c>efully rak+ out ! a%es1 creeps into ! hot peit*ka1 & is soon ba!d 9 8 own p]spiration4 ,he w\ld infallibly be bak$ alive b = ! pailfuls ( wat] ) :i* he soon beg9s to cool 8 heat$ sk94 ,?anks1 h[ev]1 to ?is precaution1 he issues f ! fi]y furnace un9jur$1 &1 x is to be hop$1 b5efit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,r$ ,,squ>e1 ,,mosc[4 ,:5 a /ove is be+ heat$1 ! port-holes are kept c>efully %ut1 to prev5t ! egress ( c>bonic-acid gas4 ,b aft] ! wood has become ?or\ghly *>r$1 & e ve/ige ( flame has disappe>$1 ! *imney is clos$ on a level ) ! g>ret floor1 ! cov]s are remov$ f ! ap]tures 9 ! side ( ! /ove1 & ! hot air is all[$ to p5etrate freely into ! room2 :i*1 if en\gh wood has be5 put into ! peit*ka1 & ! lid ( ! *imney closes h]metically1 w1 by ?is "o fire1 be kept w>m = twelve or f\rte5 h\rs4 ,occasionally x happ5s t ! port-holes are op5$ :ile !re /ill flick]s a little blue flame above ! :it5+ emb]s4 ,9 ?is case !re is dea? 9 ! /ove4 ,! c>bonic-acid gas1 :i* is /ill proce$+ f ! burn+ *>coal1 ent]s ! room1 & produces asphyxia1 or at all ev5ts "s ( its symptoms4 ,if y h n "t1 or if y are already too weak1 to op5 ! door :5 y f9d y\rself attack$ by oug> 7z ! ,russians call ?is gas71 y _h bett] ?r[ ! fir/ ?+ y h at h& ?r\gh ! w9d[2 & ! cold air1 ru%+ rapidly into ! room1 w save y4 ,a =eign] unaccu/om$ to ! hot ap>tm5ts ( ,russia w sc>cely p]ceive ! pres5ce ( oug> until he is already s]i\sly affect$ by x2 & 9 ?is mann] ! son ( ! ,p]sian ambassador lo/ 8 life1 "s ye>s s9ce1 9 "o ( ! pr9cipal hotels ( ,mosc[4 ,a native1 h[ev]1 if ! /ove %\ld *ance to be cov]$ be=e ! wood is ?or\ghly *>r$1 w detect ! pres5ce ( ! fatal gas almo/ in/antane\sly2 & hav+ done s1 ! be/ rem$y he c adopt = ! heada*e & sickness1 :i* ev5 !n w inevitably foll[1 is to ru% into ! op5 air1 & cool 8 temples by copi\s applications ( sn[4 ,p]sons :o are almo/ ins5sible f ! effect ( oug> h to be c>ri$ out & roll$ 9 ! sn[1--a process :i* spe$ily re/ores !m to _! natural condition4 ,"o morn+ !re 0 a fall ( sn[2 & ! cream 0 br\ght 9 f ! c\ntry 9 j>s wrapp$ c>efully r\nd ) matt+ to prev5t its freez+4 ,hundr$s ( cabbages & ?\s&s ( potatoes1 simil>ly protect$1 7 pur*as$ & /[$ away4 ,furlongs ( wood 79 ,russia wood is sold by ! foot71 7 laid up 9 ! c\rty>d2 an inspector ( /oves arriv$ to see t e peit*ka 0 9 prop] work+ ord]2 & an exam9] & fitt]-9 ( w9d[s 0 summon$ to adju/ ! usual extra sa%4 ,at la/ ! w9d[s _h be5 made fa/1 ea* pane be+ at ! same "t reputti$ into its frame4 ,on ! w9d[-sill1 9 ! space betwe5 ! out] & inn] panes1 0 some?+ resembl+ a long deep l9e ( sn[1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 m]ely a mass ( cotton-wool plac$ !re z an additional protection aga9/ ! ext]nal air4 ,inde$1 ! w9ds ( ! ,russian w9t] h su* p[]s ( p5etration t1 9 a room gu>d$ by triple w9d[s1 besides %utt]s clos$ ) ! greate/ exactness1 ,i h se5 ! curta9s slightly agitat$ :5 ! h[l+ outside 0 some:at l\d] ?an usual4 ,! w9d1 says ,gregorovit* 9 8 ,w9t]'s ,tale1 h[ls l a dog2 & l a dog w bite ! feet & calves ( ^? :o h n duly provid$ !mselves ) fur-golo%es & d\bly-?ick pantaloons4 ,su* a w9d mu/ n be suff]$ to intrude into any h\se int5d$ to be habitable4 ,besides ! cotton-wool1 :i* is a special provision aga9/ draughts1 ! space betwe5 ! two sa%es is usually adorn$ ) artificial fl[]s2 inde$1 ! fondness ( ! ,russians = fl[]s & gre5 leaves dur+ ! w9t] is rem>kable4 ,! corridors are conv]t$ into gre5h\ses1 by means ( trellis-"w cov]$ ) creep]s4 ,! w9d[s ( _m ( ! ap>tm5ts are encircl$ by ev]gre5s1 & 9 ! draw+-rooms1 fl[]-/&s =m ! pr9cipal ornam5ts4 ,at ! same "t enorm\s sums are paid = b\quets f ! hot-h\ses :i* ab\nd 9 bo? ! capitals4 ,d\btless ! long w9t]s h "s %>e 9 ! production ( ?is passion = fl[]s & gre5 plants1 j z love ( c\ntry is increas$ by exile1 & love ( lib]ty by imprisonm5t4 ,!re are g5]ally at lea/ two heavy sn[-/orms by way ( w>n+ be=e w9t] fairly comm5ces its reign4 ,! fir/ fall ( sn[ ?aws p]haps a few days aft]w>ds1 ! second 9 ab\t a week1 ! ?ird 9 five mon?s4 ,if a lady drops h] bracelet or broo* 9 ! /reet dur+ ! p]iod ( ?is ?ird fall1 %e ne$ n tr\ble h]self to put out h&bills (f]+ a rew>d = its discov]y1 at all ev5ts n be=e ! spr+2 = x w be pres]v$ 9 its hid+-place1 z well z ice c pres]ve x1 until ab\t ! middle ( ,april1 :51 if ! am\nt ( ! rew>d be great] ?an ! value ( ! article lo/1 x w 9 all probability be re/or$ to h]4 ,! ,russians put on _! furs at ! fir/ signs ( w9t]1 & ! sl$ges make _! appe>ance 9 ! /reets z soon z ! sn[ is an in* or two ?ick4 ,( c\rse at su* a "t a sl$ge is f> f possess+ any advantage ov] a c>riage on :eels2 b ! ,russians welcome _! appe>ance ) s mu* en?usiasm1 t ! fir/ sl$ge-driv]s are sure ( excell5t receipts = sev]al days4 ,! dro%kies disappe> "o by "o ) ! black mud ( autumn2 & by ! "t ! gilt cupolas ( ! *ur*es1 & ! r$ & gre5 ro(s ( ! h\ses1 h be5 made :it] ?an _! own walls1 ! city sw>ms ) sl$ges4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 until ne> ,*ri/mas1 :5 ! fro/ ( ,/4 ,ni*olas sets 91 t !y are se5 9 all _! glory4 ,! e>li] fro/s ( ,octob] & ,novemb] mayor may n be att5d$ to )\t any v dang]\s results ensu+2 b :5 ! frigid ,/4 ,ni*olas makes 8 appe>ance1--/ay+ ! mo/ rapid curr5ts1 =m+ bridges ov] ! broade/ riv]s1 & conv]t+ seas into des]ts ( ice1--!n a bla/ f 8 brea?1 if n prop]ly gu>d$ aga9/1 may prove fatal4 ,x has be5 said t x is n until ! ,nikolskoi ,m>os1 or ,fro/ ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 t ! sl$ges fly ?r\gh ! /reets 9 all _! glory4 ,by t "t ! ri* boy>s#a 7z =eign]s p]si/ 9 /yl+ ! ,russian proprietors ( ! pres5t day71 h arriv$ f _! e/ates1 & ! poor peasants1 :o h long ceas$ to till ! gr\nd1 & h n ?ra%$ all ! corn1 beg9 to come 9 f !irs2 =1 humble & dep5d5t z he may be1 ea* peasant has nev]!less 8 own pat* ( l&4 ,= ! =m] are ! elegant sl$ges ( poli%$ nut-wood1 ) rugs ( s(t1 ?ick fur to protect ! legs ( ! occupants2 ^: driv]s1 9 _! gre5 caftans fa/5$ r\nd ! wai/ ) r$ sa%es1 & 9 _! squ>e ?ickly-wadd$ caps ( crimson velvet1 l s(a-cu%ions1 urge on ! prodigi\sly fa/ trott+ horses1 at ! same "t ?r[+ !mselves back 9 _! seats ) out/ret*$ arms & tight5$ re9s1 z ?\gh ! animals 7 madly endeav\r+ to escape f _! control4 ,! latt] br+ ) !m c]ta9 /rongly-made wood5 boxes1 ) a seat at ! back = two pass5g]s & a p]* 9 front = a driv]4 ,^! boxes are put ^u rails1 & call$ sl$ges4 ,! bottom ( ea* box 7or sl$ge71 is pl5tifully /rewn ) hay1 :i* aft] a few days becomes conv]t$1 by means ( sn[ & dirty golo%es1 into some?+ v l manure4 ,! driv] is imm$iately 9 front ( y1 ) 8 brass badge hang+ on 8 back l ! label on a box ( s>d9es4 ,he we>s a %eepsk92 b x is notori\s t aft] t5 ye>s' we> ! %eepsk9 loses its od\r1 besides :i* x is w9t]1 s t y\r s5se ( smell has really no?+ to fe>4 ,! "o ?+ necess>y is to keep y\r legs to y\rself1 or at all ev5ts n to obtrude !m b5ea? ! p]* ( ! driv]1 or y w run ! *ance ( hav+ y\r foot cru%$ by t g5tleman's heel4 ,sometimes ! horse is fre% f ! pl\gh1 & requires a mo/ vigor\s application ( ! driv]'s ?ong to induce him to quit 8 accu/om$ pace2 b = ! mo/ "p ! animals are will+ en\gh1 & z rapid z _! ma/]s are skilful4 ,! driv] is g5]ally mu* atta*$ to 8 horse1 :om he affectionately /yles 8 dove or 8 pigeon1 assur+ him t al?\gh ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[1 !re is /ill grass 9 ! /able = 8 gal\p*ik--z ! fav\rite bird is call$1 etc41 etc4 ,footnote #a3 ,x w\ld be equally correct to speak ( ! ,engli% nobility ( ! pres5t day z ! b>ons4 ,z = ! real pigeons & doves1 !y are to be f\nd ev]y:]e1--on ! belfries ( ! *ur*es1 9 ! c\rty>ds ( ! h\ses1 9 ! /reets block+ up ! pavem5t1 & above all1 b5ea? ! project+ edges ( ! ro(s1 :]e y may see !m clu/]+ 9 long deep l9es l black cornices4 ,at home we associate sn[ ) d>kness & gloom2 b1 :5 once ! sn[ has fall51 ! sky ( ,mosc[ is z bright & z blue z t ( ,italy2 ! atmosph]e is cle> & pure2 ! sun %9es = sev]al h\rs 9 ! day ) a brightness f :i* ! reflection ( ! sn[ becomes p]fectly dazzl+2 & if ! fro/ be int5se1 !re is n a brea? ( w9d4 ,! brea? t really does attract y\r notice is t ( ! p$e/rians1 :o appe> to be bl[+ =? columns ( smoke or /eam into ! r>efi$ atmosph]e1 & :o look l s _m walk+ *imneys or human locomotives4 ,& if brea? looks l smoke1 smoke itself looks almo/ solid4 ,rise e>ly1 :5 ! fires are be+ light$ :i* are to heat ! /oves ?r\gh ! entire day1 & if ! !rmomet] outside y\r w9d[ m>ks m ?an #ae deg41 y w see ! grey columns ris+ heavily into ! air1 until at a c]ta9 height ! smoke rema9s /ation>y1 & hangs 9 cl\ds above ! h\ses4 ,look+ f "s great elevation1 su* z ! t[] ( ,ivan ,veliki 9 ! ,kreml91 y see ^! cl\ds b5ea? y1 agitat$ l waves1 & =m+ a k9d ( nebul\s sea1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 soon tak5 up by ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ mu* cold "o c support :5 ! sky is bright & ! sun %9+2 c]ta9ly t5 or fifte5 degrees m by ,reaumur's !rmomet]1 ?an :5 ! day is d>k & gloomy4 ,& ! effect is ! same on all4 ,on "o ( ^! f9e fro/y days !re is unwont$ *e]fulness 9 ! look1 unwont$ en]gy 9 ! movem5ts ( ev]yone y meet4 ,if !re 7 ! slighte/ w9d ) s ke5 a temp]ature1 y w\ld feel1 e "t x graz$ y\r face1 z if y 7 be+ %av$ ) a blunt razor1--= to be cut ) a %>p "o is comp>atively no?+4 ,b ! air is calm2 & z ! day exhil>ates y g5]ally1 x makes y walk m briskly ?an y are 9 ! habit ( do+ 9 y\r %\ba ( clo?1 wadd+1 & fur2 & ! result is1 y are s w>m & s surr\nd$ by sun%9e1 t1 b = see+ ! cold1 y might fancy y\rself on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean in/ead ( on ! banks ( ! ,moskva1 :i* is n[ a long1 %9y1 s]p5t-l pa? ( ice4 ,9 ,london1 on a damp1 foggy1 sunless w9t]'s day1 :5 ! !rmomet] is n q d[n to freez+-po9t1 ! sy/em is s depress$ by ! atmosph]e & ! *e]less aspect ( ! /reets1 t y feel ! cold m acutely ?an y w\ld d on a sun%9y morn+ 9 ,mosc[ ) t5 degrees ( fro/4 ,9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :]e ! w9t] sun is1 z 9 nor!rn climes1 b dimly bright1 & :]e ! city is frequ5tly envelop$ 9 a mi/ 7:i* is1 h[ev]1 e!real vap\r comp>$ to ! opaque fogs ( ,london71 ! cold is1 on ! same pr9ciple1 m sev]ely felt ?an 9 ,mosc[4 ,nev]!less1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg p g ab\t f> m lightly clad ?an 9 ! m s\!rn t[ns ( ! empire1--= ,/4 ,pet]sburg is half a =eign city1 & ! num]\s p$e/rians h f\nd x necess>y to reject ! pond]\s %\ba = a long wadd$ paletot ) a fur-coll>4 ,! real ,russian %\ba is und\bt$ly v w>m2 = x enables ! ,mosc[ m]*ant to g ^u ',*ange1 :i* 9 ! old capital1 dur+ ! colde/ wea!r1 is held 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 consid]+ ! advantages & disadvantages ( a ,russian w9t]1 "o %\ld n =get ! "q ( ra94 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t :]e !re is fro/ !re c be no ra92 & accord+ly1 = ne>ly six mon?s 9 ! ye>1 y c disp5se altoge!r ) t mo/ unpleasant encumbrance1 ! umbrella4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ,russia ! sn[ does n fall 9 ! s(t fea!ry flakes to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ! m temp]ate latitudes4 ,x comes d[n 9 %[]s ( microscopic d>ts1 :i*1 in/ead ( int]cept+ ! light ( ! sun1 l ! arr[s ( ,x]xes' army1 glitt] & sp>kle 9 ! rays z !y reflect !m 9 e direction4 ,! m9ute cry/als1 or r cry/all9e fragm5ts1 c be at once %ak5 f ! coll>s ( fur1 on ! po9ts ( :i* !y hang l ne$les1 b above all l ,epsom salts2 & on ! clo? ( ! m5's %\bas & ! sat9 ( ! wom5's cloaks !y h sc>cely any hold4 ,! mo/ pleasant "t ( ! :ole w9t] is dur+ ! moonlight nights1 :5 ! w9d is /ill & ! sn[ deep on ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! /reets ! sp>kl+ trottoir1 :i* appe>s lit]ally pav$ ) diamonds1 is z h>d z ! agate floor ( ! ,ca!dral ( ! ,annunciation 9 ! ,kreml94 ,9 ! c\ntry1 :]e alone y c enjoy ! night 9 all its beauty1 ! froz5 surface crun*es1 b sc>cely s9ks1 b5ea? ! sl$ge1 z y\r troika te>s along ! road z fa/ z ! c5tre horse c trot & ! two outsid]s gallop4 ,= x is a peculi>ity ( ! troika t ! ?ree horses t con/itute x are h>ness$ abrea/2 & t :ile ! "o 9 ! %afts1 ^: head is upheld by a b[1 ) a little bell susp5d$ f ! top1 is tra9$ to trot1 & nev] to leave t pace1 h[ev] fa/ he may be driv51 ! two :o are h>ness$ outside mu/ gallop1 ev5 if !y gallop b six miles an h\r2 ?\gh x is f> m likely t !y w be call$ ^u to d twelve4 ,la/ly1 ! troika mu/ pres5t a fan-l front2 to produce :i* ! driv] tight5s ! outside re9s till ! heads ( ! outrigg]s /& out at an angle ( =ty or fifty degrees f t ( ! horse 9 ! %afts4 ,at ! same "t ! c5tre horse trots ) 8 head high 9 ! air1 :ile ! two :o h _! exi/5ces devot$ to gallop+ h _! noses depress$ t[>ds ! gr\nd1 l bulls runn+ at a dog4 ,!re may be en\gh moonlight to read by :5 ! moon itself is obscur$ by cl\ds4 ,b if x %9es directly on ! :ite erm9e-l sn[1 :i* cov]s ! va/ pla9s l an int]m9able c>pet1 ! atmosph]e becomes full ( light1 & ! night 9 its brightness1 its solitude1 & its sil5ce1 brok5 only by ! bells ( "s di/ant team1 rem9ds y ( ! calmness ( an unusually quiet & beautiful day4 ,z y turn away f ! ma9 road t[>ds ! woods1 y pass gr\ps ( tall sl5d] bir*-trees1 ) _! :ite silv]y b>k1 & _! delicate ?read-l fibres hang+ 9 froz5 %[]s f ! ends ( ! bran*es1 & clo?+ ! bir* ) a k9d ( icy foliage1 :ile ! o!r trees rema9 b>e & ragg$4 ,! bir* is em95tly a w9t] tree1 & its tresses ( fibres1 :e!r petrifi$ & cov]$ ) cry/al by ! fro/1 or wav+ freely 9 ! breeze :i* has /ripp$ !m ( _! sn[1 are equally ornam5tal4 ,! gr\nd is /rew$ ) ! %ad[s ( ! trees1 trac$ ) exquisite f95ess on ! :ite sn[1 f :i* ^! lun> photographs /& =? ) wond]ful di/9ctness4 ,to drive out ) an indef9ite numb] ( troikas to "s village 9 ! environs1 or to ! fir/ /ation on "o ( ! ,gov]nm5t roads1 is a common mode ( sp5d+ a f9e w9t]'s night1 & "o :i* is equally popul> 9 ,mosc[ & ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,^! excursions1 :i* always p>take m or less ( ! nature ( a picnic1 =m "o ( ! *ief pleasures ( ! cold season4 ,( c\rse su* exp$itions also take place dur+ ! day1 b1 :atev] ! h\r ( ! dep>ture1 if !re happ5 to be a moon t night1 ! return is sure n to take place be=e x has made its appe>ance4 ,a ,,j\rney ,,by ,,sleigh ,,fr$ ,,burnaby ,br+ out ano!r sleigh1 said my fri5d4 ,h[ ! w9d cuts6 does x n8 he cont9u$1 z ! breeze1 :i/l+ aga9/ our bodies1 made itself felt 9 spite ( all ! precautions we _h tak54 ,! vehicle n[ br\ght 0 broad] & m commodi\s ?an ! previ\s "o1 :i*1 some:at 9 ! %ape ( a c(f91 seem$ especially design$ s z to torture ! occupants1 p>ticul>ly if1 l my companion & self1 !y %\ld happ5 to be end[$ by nature ) t curse dur+ a sleigh j\rney--h[ev] desirable app5dages !y may be :5 9 a cr[d--long legs4 ,?ree horses abrea/1 _! coats :ite ) p5d5t icicles & ho>-fro/1 7 h>ness$ to ! sleigh2 ! c5tre animal 0 9 ! %afts & _h 8 head fa/5$ to a huge wood5 head-coll>1 bright ) v>i\s colors4 ,f ! summit ( ! head-coll> 0 susp5d$ a bell1 :ile ! two outside horses 7 h>ness$ by cord traces to spl9t]-b>s atta*$ to ! sides ( ! sleigh4 ,! object ( all ?is is to make ! animal 9 ! middle trot at a brisk pace1 :ile 8 two companions gallop1 _! necks ar*$ r\nd 9 a direction opposite to ! horse 9 ! c5tre1 ?is poor bea/'s head be+ tightly re9$ up to ! head-coll>4 ,a well-turn$-out troika ) ?ree really good horses1 :i* get ov] ! gr\nd at ! rate ( twelve miles an h\r1 is a pretty sight to witness1 p>ticul>ly if ! team has be5 prop]ly tra9$1 & ! outside animals nev] attempt to break into a trot1 :ile ! "o 9 ! %afts /eps =w>d ) high action2 b ! con/ra9$ position 9 :i* ! horses are kept mu/ be highly uncom=table to !m1 & "o n calculat$ to enable a driv] to get z mu* pace out ( 8 animals z !y c\ld give him if h>ness$ 9 ano!r mann]4 ,(f we w5t at a brisk pace1 ! bell dangl+ f our horse's head-coll>1 & j+l+ m]rily at e /ride ( ! team4 ,! sun rose high 9 ! heav5s3 x 0 a bright & glori\s morn+ 9 spite ( ! int5se cold1 & ! am\nt ( oxyg5 we inhal$ 0 en\gh to elevate ! spirits ( ! mo/ dyspeptic ( mank9d4 ,pres5tly1 aft] desc5d+ a slight declivity1 our ,jehu turn$ %>ply to ! "r2 !n came a scramble & a succession ( jolts & j]ks z we slid d[n a /eep bank1 & we f\nd ourselves on :at appe>$ to be a broad high-road4 ,"h ! sight ( _m ma/s & %ipp+ :i*1 b\nd 9 by ! fett]s ( a rel5tless w9t]1 w\ld rema9 imb$d$ 9 ! ice till ! ensu+ spr+1 %[$ me t we 7 on ! ,volga4 ,x 0 an animat$ spectacle1 ?is froz5 highway1 ?rong$ ) peasants :o /rode beside _! sl$ges1 :i* 7 br++ cotton & o!r goods f ,or5burg to ! railway4 ,n[ a sm>t troika w\ld da% by u1 its driv] %\t+ z he pass$1 :5 our ,jehu1 /imulat+ 8 /e$s by l\d cries & frequ5t applications ( ! :ip1 w\ld va9ly /rive to ov]take 8 bro!r coa*man4 ,old & "y alike seem$ l octog5>ians1 _! %ort ?ick be>ds & mu/a*es be+ :ite z ho>-fro/ f ! congeal$ brea?4 ,accord+ to all acc\nts ! riv] _h n be5 long froz51 & till v rec5tly /eam]s lad5 ) corn f ,s\!rn ,russia _h pli$ betwe5 ,siz]an & ,sam>a4 ,! price ( corn is "h =ty copecks ! pood ( =ty p\nds1 :ile ! same quantity at ,sam>a c\ld be pur*as$ = eighte5 copecks4 ,an iron bridge 0 be+ con/ruct$ a little f>!r d[n ! ,volga4 ,"h ! railroad 0 to pass1 & x 0 said t 9 two ye>s' "t !re w\ld be railway communication1 n only betwe5 ,sam>a & ! capital1 b ev5 z f> z ,or5burg4 ,pres5tly ! sc5]y became v picturesque z we rac$ ov] ! gli/5+ surface1 :i* fla%$ l a burni%$ cuirass b5ea? ! rays ( ! ris+ sun4 ,n[ we approa* a spot :]e seem+ly ! wat]s f "s viol5t bla/ or o!r _h be5 9 a /ate ( foam & commotion1 :5 a /]n fro/ trans=m$ !m into a solid mass4 ,pill>s & blocks ( ! %9+ & h>d5$ elem5t 7 se5 modell$ into a ?\s& qua9t & grotesque patt]ns4 ,"h a f\nta91 p]fectly =m$ ) ,ionic & ,doric columns1 0 reflect+ a ?\s& prismatic hues f ! diamond-l /alactites :i* _h atta*$ !mselves to its cre/4 ,!re a huge obelisk1 :i*1 if ( /one1 might h come f anci5t ,!bes1 lay half buri$ b5ea? a pile ( fleecy sn[4 ,f>!r on we came to :at might h be5 a ,roman temple or va/ hall 9 ! palace ( a ,caes>1 :]e _m half-hidd5 pill>s & monum5ts erect$ _! tap]+ summits above ! piles ( ! debris4 ,! w9d _h done 9 t nor!rn latitude :at has be5 p]=m$ by "s viol5t pre-adamite ag5cy 9 ! ,b]b] des]t4 ,take away ! ebon blackness ( ! /ony masses :i* h be5 !re ca/ =? f ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & replace !m on a small] scale by ! cry/al =ms ,i h fa9tly attempt$ to describe1 & ! resemblance w\ld be /rik+4 ,n[ we came to "s fi%+-huts1 :i* 7 con/ruct$ on ! froz5 riv]1 ! traffic 9 ! f9ny tribe :i* takes place 9 ?is "p ( ,russia be+ v great1 ! ,volga produc+ ! /]let 7a fi% unkn[n 9 o!r riv]s ( ,europe71 9 l>ge quantities4 ,i h (t5 eat5 !m1 b mu/ say ,i c\ld nev] appreciate ?is s-call$ delicacy4 ,! bones are ( a v glut9\s nature1 & c be easily ma/icat$1 :ile ! ta/e ( a /]let is some?+ betwe5 t ( a b>bel & a p]*1 ! muddy flav\r ( ! =m] pr$om9at+4 ,h[ev]1 !y are an exp5sive luxury1 z1 to be p]fection = ! table1 !y %\ld be tak5 out ( ! wat] alive & put at once into ! cook+-pot4 ,! di/ance to ,/4 ,pet]sburg f ! ,volga is consid]able1 & a good-siz$ fi% w (t5 co/ f ?irty to =ty r\bles1 & sometimes ev5 a great deal m4 ,we 7 n[ gradually ne>+ our fir/ halt+-place1 :]e x 0 arrang$ t we %\ld *ange horses4 ,?is 0 a f>m-h\se kn[n by ! "n ( ,nijnege ,peg]sky ,hootor1 tw5ty-five v]/s di/ant f ,siz]an4 ,"s m5 7 engag$ 9 w9n[+ corn 9 a y>d h>d by ! dwell+2 & ! sy/em !y employ$ to sep>ate ! husks f ! gra9 probably dates f be=e ! flood1 =1 ?r[+ ! corn high up into ! air ) a %ovel1 !y let ! w9d bl[ away ! husks1 & ! gra9 desc5d$ on to a c>pet set to cat* x 9 ! fall4 ,x 0 !n consid]$ to be suffici5tly w9n[$1 & fit to be s5t to ! mill4 ,! f>m-h\se 0 fairly clean1 &1 = a wond]1 !re 7 no live animals inside ! dwell+4 ,x is no uncommon ?+ 9 f>m-h\ses 9 ,russia to f9d a calf dome/icat$ 9 ! sitt+-room ( ! family1 & ?is m p>ticul>ly dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,b "h ! good h\sewife p]mitt$ no su* intrud]s1 & ! bo>ds 7 clean & :ite1 ?us %[+ t a c]ta9 am\nt ( scrubb+ 0 ! cu/om4 ,! habitation1 :i* 0 ( a squ>e %ape1 & entirely made ( wood1 conta9$ two good-siz$ b l[ rooms1 a l>ge /ove made ( dri$ clay be+ s arrang$ z to w>m bo? ! ap>tm5ts4 ,a heavy wood5 door on ! outside ( ! build+ gave access to a small portico1 at ! o!r end ( :i* !re 0 ! cu/om>y obraz1 or image1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 almo/ e h\se 9 ,russia4 ,^! obrazye are made ( diff]5t patt]ns1 b g5]ally take ! =m ( a picture ( sa9ts or ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!y are execut$ 9 silv]-gilt or brass relief1 & adorn$ ) tawdry fr+e or o!r gewgaws4 ,! repeat$ b[s & crosses made by ! peasantry be=e ^! idols is v surpris+ to an ,engli%man1 :o may h be5 told t !re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,greek religion & 8 own2 b if ?is is ! case1 ! soon] ! second comm&m5t is omitt$ f our s]vice1 ! bett]4 ,x may be said t ! ,russian peasantry only look ^u ^! images z symbols1 & t 9 reality !y are pray+ to ! liv+ ,god4 ,let any "o :o indulges 9 ?is delusion travel 9 ,russia & talk to ! inhabitants ) ref]5ce to ! obrazye1 or g to ,kief at ! "t ( a pilgrimage to ! mummifi$ sa9ts 9 t sanctu>y1 & ,i ?9k he w !n say t no c\ntry 9 ! _w is s imbu$ ) sup]/iti\s cr$5ces z ,russia4 ,above ! /ove1 :i* 0 ab\t five feet high1 a plat=m ( bo>ds _h be5 erect$ at a di/ance ( ab\t ?ree feet f ! ceil+4 ,?is 0 ! sleep+ resort ( ! family1 & occasionally us$ = dry+ clo!s dur+ ! day4 ,! ,russian m\jik likes ?is plat=m m ?an any o!r "p ( ! habitation1 & 8 great delight is to lie !re & p]spire pr(usely1 aft] :i* he f9ds himself ! bett] able to resi/ ! cold ( ! elem5ts outside4 ,! f>m-h\se 9 :i* ,i n[ f\nd myself _h co/ 9 build+ two hundr$ r\bles1 ab\t tw5ty-six p\nds ( our money1 & h] home 0 a s\rce ( pride to ! good h\sewife1 :o c\ld read & write1 an accompli%m5t n (t5 possess$ by ! wom5 ( ?is class 9 ! prov9ce ( ,russia4 ,by ?is "t our =m] team _h be5 replac$ by ?ree fre% horses1 & ! driv] :o 0 to accompany u _h ne>ly f9i%$ mak+ 8 own prep>ations = ! sleigh j\rney4 ,sev]al long b&s ( clo?1 fir/ c>efully w>m$ at ! /ove1 7 successively w\nd r\nd 8 feet1 & !n1 hav+ put on a pair ( ?ick boots & /uff$ "s hay into a pair ( mu* l>g] dim5sions1 he drew ! latt] on z well1 :51 ) a ?ick %eep-sk9 coat1 cap1 & va%lik1 he decl>$ t he 0 ready to />t4 ,! cold 0 v int5se :5 we quitt$ ! ?re%old1 & ! !rmomet] _h fall5 sev]al degrees dur+ ! la/ half-h\r2 ! w9d _h also increas$1 & x h[l$ & :i/l$ aga9/ ! eaves ( ! f>m-h\se1 be>+ millions ( m9ute sn[y flakes be=e x 9 its c\rse4 ,pres5tly ! s\nd ( a little /amp+ on ! bottom ( ! sleigh ann\nc$ to me t ! cold _h p5etrat$ to my companion's feet1 & t he 0 endeav\r+ to keep up ! circulation4 ,v soon t s-call$ p9s-&-ne$les s5sation1 recall+ "s sn[-ball+ episodes ( my boyi% days1 began once m to make itself felt1 & ,i f\nd myself comm5c+ a sort ( d\ble-%uffle aga9/ ! bo>ds ( ! vehicle4 ,! sn[ 0 fall+ 9 ?ick flakes1 & ) great difficulty our driv] c\ld keep ! track1 8 jad$ horses s9k+ sometimes up to ! traces 9 ! rapidly =m+ drifts1 & fl\nd]+ heavily along ! n[ ?or\ghly hidd5 road4 ,! cracks ( 8 :ip s\nd$ l pi/ol-%ots aga9/ _! jad$ flanks1 & volumes ( invectives issu$ f 8 lips4 ,oh1 sons ( animals6--:ack4 ,oh1 spoil$ "o6--:ack4 ,?is to a brute :i* look$ z if he nev] _h eat5 a good fe$ ( corn 9 8 life4 ,oh1 woolly ones6 :ack6 :ack6 :ack64 ,o ,"l ,god6 ,?is z we 7 all upset into a sn[drift1 ! sleigh be+ ?ree p>ts ov]turn$1 & our ,jehu precipitat$ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,h[ f> are we f ! next halt+-place8 sudd5ly inquir$ my companion1 ) an ejaculation :i* %[$ t ev5 8 good temp] _h giv5 way "u ! cold & our situation4 ,only f\r v]/s1 "o ( noble bir?1 repli$ ! /ruggl+ ,jehu1 :o 0 busily engag$ endeav\r+ to "r ! half-ov]turn$ sleigh4 ,a ,russian v]/ ab\t night-fall1 & "u su* conditions z ,i h endeav\r$ to po9t out to ! read]1 is an unkn[n quantity4 ,a ,scot* mile & a bit1 an ,iri% league1 a ,spani% legua1 or ! ,g]man /unde1 are at all times calculat$ to call =? ! wra? ( ! travell]1 b 9 no way equal to ! fir/-nam$ division ( di/ance4 ,= ! v]/ is b>ely two-?irds ( an ,engli% mile1 & :51 aft] driv+ yet = an h\r1 we 7 told t !re 7 /ill two v]/s m be=e we c\ld arrive at our halt+-place1 x began fully to dawn ^u my fri5d t ei!r our driv]'s k ( di/ance1 or o!rwise 8 v]acity1 0 at fault4 ,at la/ we rea*$ a long1 /ruggl+ village1 =m$ ( h\ses con/ruct$ mu* 9 ! same way z t previ\sly describ$1 :5 our horses /opp$ be=e a deta*$ cottage4 ,! proprietor came out to meet u at ! ?re%old4 ,samov>1 samov>6 7urn71 said my companion4 ,quick1 quick6 samov>6 & hurry+ by him1 & ha/ily ?r[+ (f our furs1 we endeav\r$ to rega9 our lo/ circulation beside ! walls ( a well-heat$ /ove4 ,! ,russian peasants are n ignorant ( ! good old maxim t ! e>ly bird gets ! worm1 & ! few h\rs' daylight !y enjoy dur+ ! w9t] mon?s makes x d\bly necess>y = !m to obs]ve ?is precept4 ,we 7 all up a good h\r be=e sunrise1 my companion mak+ ! tea1 :ile our driv] 0 h>ness+ ! horses1 b ?is "t n ?ree abrea/1 = ! road 0 bad & n>r[2 s we det]m9$ to h two small sleighs ) a pair ( horses to ea*1 & put our luggage 9 "o vehicle :ile we travell$ 9 ! o!r4 ,(f we w5t1 a motley crew4 ,fir/1 ! unwa%$ p$dl] :o _h wi%$ to be my companion's b$fell[ ! night be=e2 !n our luggage sleigh2 &1 f9ally1 my fri5d & self1 :o br\ght up ! re>1 ) a c>eful eye ^u our effects1 z ! p 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry 7 said to h "s difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 meum & tuum4 ,! sun 0 bright & glori\s1 & 9 no "p ( ! _w hi!rto visit$ h ,i ev] se5 aurora 9 su* magnific5ce4 ,fir/1 a pale blue /reak1 gradually ext5d+ ov] ! :ole ( ! ea/]n horizon1 arose l a wall b>r+ ! unkn[n beyond2 !n1 sudd5ly *ang+ col\r until ! summit 0 l lapis-lazuli1 & its base a %eet ( purple waves ( grey & cry/al1 radiat+ f ! d>k] hues1 reliev$ ! eye1 appall$ by ! va/ness ( ! b>ri]2 ! purple f\ndations 7 9 turn upheav$ by a sea ( fire1 :i* dazzl$ ! eye ) its gl[+ brilliancy1 & ! wall ( col\rs float+ 9 space broke up into ca/les1 battlem5ts1 & t[]s1 :i* 7 waft$ by ! breeze f> away f our view4 ,! sea ( flame mean:ile _h light$ up ! :ole horizon2 ! eye quail$ b5ea? ! gl>e4 ,! sn[y c>pet at our feet reflect$ l a cam]a ! wond]ful panorama ov]head4 ,flakes ( light 9 rapid succession b\nd e>? to sky1 until ! globe ( sp>kl+ light aris+ f ! dep?s ( ?is ocean ( flame dimm$ into insignificance ! surr\nd+s ( ! picture4 ,pres5tly a sudd5 *eck & exclamation ( our ,jehu told u t ! h>ness _h giv5 way1 & a conv]sation1 freely int]l>d$ ) epi!ts ex*ang$ betwe5 ! driv] & ! p$dl]1 %[$ t !re 0 decid$ly a diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 !m4 ,x appe>$ t ! man ( comm]ce 0 ! only "o ( ! p>ty :o knew ! road1 & hav+ discov]$ ?is fact1 he det]m9$ to make use ( 8 k by refus+ to %[ ! way unless ! proprietor ( ! horses :o drove ! vehicle conta9+ our luggage w\ld abate a little f ! price he _h dem&$ = ! hire ( ! horse 9 ! p$dl]'s sleigh4 ,a b>ga9 is a b>ga96 cri$ our driv]1 wi%+ to curry fav\r ) 8 ma/]1 n[ a few y>ds beh9d him4 ,a b>ga9 is a b>ga94 ,oh1 ?\ son ( an animal1 drive on6 ,x is v cold1 mutt]$ my companion4 ,= ! sake ( ,god1 he %\t$1 g on6 ,b nei!r ! allusion to ! p$dl]'s p>5tage nor ! invocation ( ! ,deity _h ! slighte/ effect ^u ! fell['s m]c5>y s\l4 ,i am w>m1 & well wrapp$ up1 he said2 x is all ! same to me if we wait "h "o h\r or t52 & ) ! mo/ provok+ indiff]5ce he comm5c$ to smoke1 n ev5 ! mann] 9 :i* ! o!r driv]s asp]s$ ! reputation ( 8 "m appe>+ to h ! smalle/ effect4 ,at la/ ! proprietor1 see+ x 0 useless hold+ out any long]1 agre$ to abate some:at f ! hire ( ! horse1 & once m ! j\rney cont9u$ ov] a break-neck c\ntry1 ?\gh at any?+ b a break-neck pace1 until we rea*$ ! /ation--a f>m-hause--eighte5 v]/s f our sleep+ qu>t]s1 &1 z we 7 in=m$1 =ty-five f ,sam>a4 ,,russian ,,ar*itecture ,,eug5e ,,emmanuel ,,viollet-,,le-,,duc ,! ,russian p1 compos$ ( div]se elem5ts 9 :i* ! ,sclav pr$om9at$ at ! mom5t :5 t va/ empire began to be e/abli%$ "u great pr9ces & amid incessant /ruggle1 0 9 too close communication ) ,byzantium n to h be5 to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 submission to ,byzant9e art2 b nev]!less ea* ( ^! elem5ts 0 9 possession ( c]ta9 notions ( art :i* we mu/ n neglect4 ,! ,sclavs1 l ! ,v>angians1 knew sc>cely any?+ b con/ruction by wood1 b at a comp>atively e>ly p]iod !y _h already c>ri$ ! art ( c>p5try v f>1 & 9 _m diff]5t *annels4 ,! ,sclavs 7z extant traditions %[71 proce$$ by piles 9 _! wood5 build+s3 & ! ,sc&9avians resort$ to jo9+ & dove-tail+4 ,?us1 ! latt] e>ly atta9$ great skill 9 naval con/ruction4 ,^! two me?ods ( con/ruction 9 wood h p]si/$ till ! pres5t day1 :i* fact is easily e/abli%$ on exam9+ ! rural dwell+s ( ,russia4 ,! ,sclavs1 moreov]1 z well z ! ,v>angians1 possess$ c]ta9 art expressions :i* d5ote an ,asiatic orig94 ,ev5 9 ,byzant9e art1 s f> z ornam5tation is conc]n$1 !re 7 orig9s t 7 evid5tly common to ^? t are felt 9 ! ,sclav arts2 & ^! orig9al elem5ts are aga9 f\nd 9 ,c5tral ,asia4 ,t ornam5tation1 compos$ ( int]lac+s & conv5tional floral motives1 dry & metallic1 :i* 0 adopt$ at ,byzantium1 :]e x v soon de/roy$ ! la/ ve/iges ( ,roman art1 also appe>s on ! mo/ anci5t monum5ts ( ! ,sclavs1 & ev5 on objects t 9 ,france are attribut$ to ! ,m]ov+ians1 t is to say1 ! ,franks :o came f ! %ores ( ! ,baltic4 ,?us1 ,russia 0 to take h] arts1 z reg>ds ornam5tation1 f bran*es t are f> ap>t f "o ano!r 9 "t & di/ance1 b :i* sprang f a common trunk4 ,ab\t ! ,t5? ,c5tury1 ! ,russian build+s 7 ( wood2 all texts agree on ?is po9t1 & consequ5tly ^! con/ructions c\ld h no "p 9 ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 :i* does n recall ev5 ! traditions ( c>p5try "w4 ,t[>ds ! ,elev5? ,c5tury1 :5 ! ,russians began to build religi\s edifices ( masonry1 ! /ructure ( :i*1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! vault+1 is inspir$ by ,byzant9e art1 !y adapt$ to ?is /ructure1 toge!r ) a s5sibly modifi$ ,byzant9e g>b1 an ornam5tation1 d]iv$ f ,asiatic1 ,sclavic & ,turanian elem5ts 9 v>iable1 t is to say local1 proportions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,r$em]1 ,,mosc[4 ,= at lea/ ?ree c5turies1 ,byzantium 0 ! great s*ool s\ght by ! ,lat91 ,visigo?ic & ,g]manic nations ( ,europe = art tea*+1 & x 0 n till ! end ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury t ! ,fr5* broke away f ^! traditions4 ,_! example 0 foll[$ 9 ,italy1 ,engl& & ,g]many m or less successfully4 ,russia held alo( f ^! attempts3 %e 0 too closely id5tifi$ ) ,byzant9e art to try any o!r c\rse2 x may be said t %e 0 ! gu>dian ( t art1 & 0 to c>ry on its traditions by m+l+ ) x elem5ts due to ! ,asiatic ,sclavic g5ius4 ,all ! dom9ant elem5ts 9 ,russian art1 :e!r !y come f ! nor? or s\?1 belong to ,asia4 ,iranians or ,p]sians1 ,indians1 ,turanians1 or ,mongols h furni%$ tribute1 ?\gh 9 unequal quantities1 to ?is art4 ,x may also be said t if ,russia has borr[$ mu* f ,byzantium1 ! art elem5ts among h] population h n be5 )\t influ5ce ^u ! =mation ( ,byzant9e art4 ,we ?9k ev5 t ! influ5ce ( ,byzant9e ^u ,russian art has be5 greatly exagg]at$1 & t ,p]sia may h _h at lea/ z mu* effect ^u ! c\rse ( art 9 ,russia4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ except ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to images4 ,b ev5 "h ,asiatic influ5ce makes itself felt1 n 9 ! =m1 b 9 ! pres]vation ( ! types4 ,! imag]y ( ! ,greek s*ool has nev] gone out ( fav\r 9 ,russia1 & x /ill holds its place !re 9 ! repres5tation ( holy p]sonages4 ,9 ?is1 ,russia %[s h] atta*m5t to tradition1 z all ! ,asiatic races d1 & %[s h[ little h] intimate s5tim5ts h suff]$ modification4 ,! ,russians avoid$ ! influ5ce ( ! ,iconocla/s :i* 0 felt s viol5tly 9 ! ,we/]n ,empire 9 ! ,eigh? ,c5tury1 & lat] /ill 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,we/]n ,europe2 among ! ,vaudois & ,albig5ses 9 ! ,twelf? & ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 ! ,hussites 9 ! ,fifte5?1 & ! ,re=m]s 9 ! ,sixte5?4 ,b if ,russian ar*itecture & ornam5tation %[ m>k$ orig9ality1 ?is does n seem to be ! case ) ! repres5tation ( holy p]sonages4 ,^! rema9 ,byzant9e4 ,x 0 ! s*ool ( ,m\nt ,a?os t suppli$ ,russia ) ! types1 z x did to almo/ all ! ,greek ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ori5t4 ,9 ^! repres5tations1 we h difficulty 9 f9d+ a t5d5cy t[>ds realism1 :i*1 morev]1 does n appe> till q late1 & does n come to full bloom4 ,9 ,russian art1 x is possible to f9d a few ,sc&9avian traces1 or1 to be m exact1 9 ! arts ( ,sc&9avia we f9d "s elem5ts borr[$ f ! same s\rces :5ce ! ,russians took !irs4 ,russia has be5 "o ( ! laboratories 9 :i* ! arts1 br\ght f all p>ts ( ,asia1 h be5 unit$ to adopt an int]m$iate =m betwe5 ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n _w4 ,geographically1 %e 0 fav\rably plac$ to ga!r toge!r ^! influ5ces2 &1 e?nologically1 %e 0 entirely prep>$ to assimilate ^! arts & develop !m4 ,if %e has /opp$ %ort 9 ?is "w1 x 0 only at a v rec5t p]iod1 & :5 repudiat+ h] orig9 & traditions1 %e tri$ to become ,we/]n1 9 spite ( h] own g5ius4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! olde/ religi\s edifices ( ,russia affect sl5d] =ms1 9 elevation1 :i* di/+ui%es !m f ! purely ,byzant9e build+s4 ,evid5tly1 ! ,russians1 f ! ,twelf? ,c5tury on1 employ$ 9 _! religi\s edifices a geometrical plan t 0 diff]5t f t employ$ by ! ,byzant9e ar*itects1 b "o v close to t admitt$ by ! ar*itects ( ,greece dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ,georgia & ,arm5ia1 a numb] ( anci5t *ur*es1 ! majority ( :i* are v small1 are also ( ?is "*4 ,b1 :ile submitt+ to ^! dispositions1 z soon z !y adopt$ masonry in/ead ( wood = build+1 ! ,russians gave q individual proportions to _! religi\s edifices4 ,by ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 ,russia _h comb9$ all ! v>i\s elem5ts by ! aid ( :i* a national art %\ld be con/itut$4 ,to recapitulate ^! orig9s3 ,we f9d already among ! ,scy?ians "s elem5ts ( art fairly well develop$1 =eign to ,greek art & d]iv$ f ,ori5tal tradition4 ,byzantium1 9 con/ant contact ) ! p ( ,s\!rn ,russia1 made its arts felt !re2 b 9 ! ,nor?1 "s slight ,f9ni% influ5ces & !n "s ,sc&9avian ones1 make !mselves felt4 ,f ,p]sia likewise1 ,russia receiv$ impulses 9 art1 on acc\nt ( h] comm]cial relations ) t c\ntry ?r\gh ,georgia & ,arm5ia4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 ! ,t>t>-,mongol dom9ation 0 impos$ ^u ,russia1 employ$ h] arti/s & craftsm51 & ?us plac$ h] 9 direct contact ) t ,m$iaeval ,ori5t t 0 s mighty & s brilliant 9 all its art productions4 ,at l5g? left to h]self1 9 ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 ,russia con/itut$ h] own art f ^! v>i\s s\rces4 ,b ?is v>iety ( s\rces is m app>5t ?an real4 ,x is en\gh to exam9e ,scy?ian ornam5tation to recognize t x is ( a pron\nc$ ,indo-,ori5tal "*4 ,byzant9e ta/e has ex]t$ a prepond]at+ influ5ce ^u ,russia4 ,b x has be5 recogniz$ t ?is ,byzant9e /yle is itself compos$ ( v v>i$ elem5ts among :i* figure mo/ l>gely ! art ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 & t f ?is ,byzant9e art ,russia likes to appropriate ! ,asiatic side 9 p>ticul>4 ,s t we may reg>d ,russian art z compos$ ( elem5ts borr[$ f ! ,ori5t to ! almo/ complete exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,moreov]1 if we foll[ ! /reams ( art to _! s\rces1 we soon come to recognize t ! tribut>ies are n at all num]\s4 ,9 ! matt] ( ar*itecture1 !re are only two pr9ciples3 /ructure by wood & concrete /ructure3 grottoes1 & con/ruction ) clay1 & ) masonry1 :i* is d]iv$ f x4 ,z to con/ruction ) cut /ones1 !re results1 ei!r f a tradition ( build+ ) wood or f concrete con/ruction1 grottoes or conglom]ate masses1 sometimes bo?1 z 9 ,egyptian art1 = example4 ,! innum]able races :o issu$ f ! ,ea/ & f9ally ov]:elm$ ! ,roman ,empire _h pres]v$ f _! cradle _! own traditions1 & cont9u$ to keep up communication ) _! old homes4 ,bett] ?an any o!r nation1 ! ,russians pres]v$ ^! traditions1 & !y 71 s to speak1 rejuv5at$ e "t a new wave pass$ across _! t]ritories2 = x 0 always f ! nor!rn or s\!rn ,ori5t1 f ! ,ural or ! ,taurus1 t ! invad]s came4 ,:e!r !y pres5t$ !mselves z enemies or coloni/s !y br\ght ) !m some?+ ( ,asia1 ! great "m ( civilizations4 ,?is ,russian art1 !re=e1 0 nev] /ruck ) decad5ce z 0 ! ,byzant9e art4 ,x did n live solely ^u itself1 b pr(it$ by all t 0 br\ght f ! ,ori5t4 ,s1 :5 ! ,ea/]n ,empire fell dur+ ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 leav+ only a pale trace ( ! la/ expressions ( its arts1 ,russia1 on ! contr>y1 0 rais+ edifices & fabricat+ objects ( great value f an arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,! ,we/ _h only a small %>e 9 ^! productions1 b ev5 ?is 0 en\gh to enable ,russian art to be di/+ui%$ f ! arts ( ! ,ea/ by a c]ta9 fre$om ( conception & v>iety 9 ! execution t r5d]$ x an orig9al product full ( promise1 ! developm5ts ( :i* might h be5 m>vell\s if ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts _h n be5 h9d]$ by ! passion ) :i* high ,russian society ?rew itself on ! works ( art ( ,italy1 ,g]many & ,france4 ,,sculpture ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,,philippe ,,b]!lot ,we/]n influ5ce 0 v /rongly felt 9 sculpture & pa9t+ 9 ,russia dur+ ! ,eighte5? & ,n9ete5? ,c5turies4 ,n>r[ly conf9$ to ! repres5tation ( conv5tional types ( sa9ts1 ^! arts did n acquire ei!r p]sonality or expression = two c5turies4 ,x 0 n until ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury t !y began to raise /atues to ! memory ( ,russia's great m53 "o ( ! fir/ monum5ts 0 consecrat$1 z 0 inde$ j1 to ,pet] ! ,great1 ,russia's great re=m]2 9 8 lifetime1 ,c\nt ,b>tolomeo ,ra/relli ! sculptor1 fa!r ( ! ar*itect1 execut$ a ,pet] ! ,great on ,horseback1 :i* 0 ca/ 9 bronze 9 #ahdg2 b ! successors ( ,pet] ! ,great did n l ?is gr\p :i* !y did n consid] suffici5tly animat$ & w\ld n all[ x to be erect$ on a public squ>e4 ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 _h ,falconet model a ,pet] ! ,great m\nt$ on a fi]y horse climb+ up a rock2 ?is bronze gr\p is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,squ>e ( ,pet] ! ,great on ! ,neva1 at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,among ! mo/ celebrat$ works ( ,russian sculpture1 we may cite ! bronze monum5t erect$ to ! memory ( ,pr9ce ,poy>ski & ! but*] ,m99e on ! ,r$ ,squ>e1 ,mosc[ 7by ,m>toss1 rector ( ! ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 9 #ahhh72 ,lomonossov's monum5t 7by ,m>toss72 ^? ( ,g5]als ,b>clay de ,tolly & ,k\t\sov 7#ahah-ahcf aft] ! model by ,b4 ,orlovski1 plac$ 9 front ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,kazan1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg72 ! colossal bu/ ( ,alex&] ,i4 7by ,orlovski72 ! commemorative monum5t ( ,alex&] ,i4 7#ahcb1 by ,montf]r&71 ) a /atue ( ! ,angel ( ,peace1 by ,orlovski2 ! /atue ( ,krilov1 ! fabuli/1 #ahee1 by ,b>on ,clodt 9 ! ,summ] ,g>d51 ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 an eque/rian /atue ( ! emp]or ,ni*olas ,i4 7by ,clodt1 #ahei1 on ! ,/4 ,m>y squ>e72 ! monum5t ( ,novgorod1 elevat$ 9 memory ( ! mill5>y ( ! ,russian occupation 7#ahfb71 9 ! =m ( a gigantic bell conta9+ sc5es f ,russian hi/ory1 by ,mikie*92 ! monum5t to ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 by ,mikie*91 %e be+ repres5t$ z surr\nd$ by h] g5]als & /atesm5 7#ahgd1 be=e ! ,alex&] ,!atre72 ! monum5t to ,pu%k9 9 ,mosc[ 7#ahcj1 by ,objeku*9 & ,bogomolov72 ! monum5t to ,bohdan-,*melnizki1 at ,kiev 7#ahgc1 by ,mikie*9 & o!r sculptors74 ,! pr9cipal ,russian sculptors are ,popov1 ,antokolski 7/atue ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible1 #ahga1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg71 ,t*i*ov & ,e4 ,lanc]ay4 ,!y are *>act]iz$ by a v pron\nc$ realism t is common to all4 ,russian pa9t+ has develop$ 9 v>i\s directions dur+ ! la/ two c5turies "u ! influ5ce ( ,we/]n ,europe2 until ! fir/ half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ! imitation ( ,italian pa9t+1 ! classical ,fr5* s*ool & ! execution ( /rictly academic pa9t+ 7 ! ?ree pr9cipal pa?s attempt$ by ! ,russian arti/s4 ,b = half a c5tury1 art has f\nd a national expression = itself4 ,at ! end ( ! ,eighte5? & beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ! pr9cipal repres5tatives ( religi\s & hi/orical pa9t+ 7 ,los5ko 7di$ 9 #aggc71 ,antropov 7di$ 9 #agib71 ,akimov 7di$ 9 #ahad71 ,ugriumov 7di$ 9 #ahbc71 ,levizki 7di$ 9 #ahbb71 ,ivanov 7di$ 9 #ahbc71 & ,mos*ov 7di$ 9 #ahci74 ,! l&scape & m>9e pa9t]s ( greate/ repute are ,sim4 & ,sil4 ,s*t*$r9 7! fir/ di$ 9 #ahjd1 & ! second 9 #ahcj71 ,prit*etnikov 7di$ 9 #ahji71 ,f4 ,alekseiev 7di$ 9 #ahbd74 ,academic pa9t+ 0 cultivat$ pr9cipally by ,trop99 7di$ 9 #ahbg71 ,w>nek 7di$ 9 #ahdc71 ,leb$iev 7di$ 9 #ahcg71 ,worobiev 7di$ 9 #ahee71 ,k4 ,rabus 7di$ 9 #aheg71 ,bruni 7di$ 9 #ahge71 ,m>kov 7di$ 9 #ahgh71 ,a4 ,beidemann 7di$ 9 #ahfi7 & ,willewalde4 ,! *ief pa9t] ( ! romantic s*ool is ,k4 ,brullov1 :o =m$ a s*ool & _h num]\s s*ol>s4 ,o!r romantic pa9t]s ( repute are ,bronnikov & v>i\s l&scape & m>9e pa9t]s su* z ,aivasovski1 ,bogolnibov1 ,l4 ,lagorio & ,a4 ,me*t*]ski4 ,religi\s & popul> pa9t+ has ,a4 ,ivanov = its repres5tative4 ,! pr9cipal reali/ic pa9t]s 9 g5re & hi/orical pa9t+ are ,f$otov1 ,makovski1 ,p]ov1 ,pol5or1 ,v]es*ag91 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,pet] ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,! ,,admiralty ,,palace1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg4 ,ornam5tal sculpture seems to be sup]ior to /atu>y 9 ,russia3 x is abundantly practis$ 9 ! decoration ( *ur*es2 ! innum]able *apels /&+ at ! /reet corn]s 9 hon\r ( "s sa9t possess icons & lamps ( bronze & silv]2 ! icono/ases ( ! ca!drals are extremely ri*1--gold1 silv]-gilt1 silv]1 lapis-lazuli1 mala*ite & enamel-"w are lavi%ly employ$ !re4 ,9 ! *ur*es ( ,sa9t ,isaac & ! ,savi\r !re are _m admirable & v]itable *efs d'oeuvre ( orig9ality & brilliancy to be f\nd4 ,! indu/ry ( bronze & goldsmi?'s "w 9 religi\s objects is v fl\ri%+ & gives occupation to num]\s workm5 & arti/s 9 ,mosc[ & ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,an imp]ial manufactory produces ! mosaics :i* occupy su* a great place 9 ! decoration ( ! *ur*es4 ,indu/rial arts are v prosp]\s 9 ,russia & h made great progress dur+ ! la/ c5tury3 silk5 goods are no long] import$ f ,lyons2 & ! ,russian cab9et-mak]s produce beautiful furniture1 n only 9 _! national /yle1 b 9 ! pure/ =ms ( ,fr5* art ( ! ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,l\is ,,xvi4 /yles4 ,civil goldsmi?'s "w & jewell]y h also be5 b5efit$ by ! national ,r5aissance3 ! ,emp]or ,alex&] ,,iii4 re/or$ to hon\r ! national fem99e co/ume = (ficial balls1 & ord]$ works ( art to be made aft] ! models ( ! ,muscovite /yle1 & inde$ ev5 aft] ! m>vels f\nd 9 ! excavations ( ! ,cimm]ian ,bosphorus4 ,! religi\s images1 p>ticul>ly ^? made 9 ,mosc[ & ,kazan1 come v ne> be+ works ( art4 ,num]\s manufactories produce icons pa9t$ on wood or copp]1 ornam5t$ ) reliefs ( copp]1 crysocale1 silv]1 silv]-gilt & gold4 ,! workm5 are monks & peasants3 ea* "p ( ! icon--eyes1 nose1 m\?1 h&s & feet--is execut$ by a speciali/ :o always makes ! same ?+1 aft] ! immutable types t ! ,muscovite conv5ts receiv$ f ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,,russian ,,music ,a4 ,e4 ,,keeton ,russian music is ! /range/ p>adox--x owes m to ! music ( o!r c\ntries ?an any o!r s*ool1 yet no music is m ?or\ghly individual & unmi/akable4 ,x clo!s itself aft] ! =m & fa%ion ( its neighb\rs1 b b5ea? its g>b peeps out a physiognomy indubitably ,sclavonic4 ,its utt]ances impress u z ! mo/ mod]n--yet ! /ud5t :o w\ld correctly analyze _m ( its unique *>act]i/ics ( h>mony & modulation is (t5 oblig$ to take a fly+ leap backw>ds ov] a space ( c5turies 9 ord] to inve/igate old ,*ur* modes1 or ,p]sian & ,arabian scale sy/ems1 bo? s anci5t z to be well-nigh =gott5 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,sixty ye>s ago1 !re 0 no ,russian s*ool ( music1 prop]ly speak+2 !n sudd5ly x sprang into be+4 ,! wond]ful rapidity ( its gr[? almo/ confuses "o4 ,its expon5ts at once display$ ! a/oni%+ receptiv5ess common to _! race4 ,d'un trait1 z ! ,fr5* w\ld say1 !y appropriat$ ! k & exp]i5ce :i* ! ,italian & ,g]man s*ools _h be5 sl[ly amass+ = c5turies4 ,te*nique1 =m1 c\nt]po9t--all ^! !y f\nd ready made to _! h&1 & borr[$ !m un/9t+ly4 ,_h !y done ?is & no m1 ! onlook] might h dismiss$ !m z clev] plagairi/s1 & probably no "o w\ld h paid !m any fur!r att5tion4 ,b !y _h o!r means at _! disposal4 ,_! c\ntry conta9$ a treasure-h\se ( native melody & rhy?m2 a region albeit :i* few ,russians _h hi!rto ?\ght x wor? _! :ile to explore4 ,x is true t1 s9ce ! middle ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 t5tative excursions _h be5 made 9 ?is direction f "t to "t1 *iefly1 ?\gh1 by outsid]s settl$ 9 ,russia1 nor _h any ( _! ef=ts l$ to v appreciable results4 ,! man :o fir/ turn$ ) s]i\s int5t to ! p5t-up musical res\rces ( 8 own c\ntry 0 ,mi*ael ,ivanovit* ,gl9ka4 ,he _h suffici5t /r5g? ( purpose to c>ry out 8 designs--he became ! f\nd] ( ! mod]n ,russian s*ool ( music & ! fa!r ( ,russian op]a4 ,gl9ka belong$ to a good if n v weal?y family1 :o liv$ ^u _! e/ate 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,smol5sk1 :]e he 0 born 9 #ahjd4 ,f babyhood upw>ds he delight$ 8 fri5ds & relations by 8 aptitude n = music alone1 b also = languages1 lit]ature1 zoology1 botany--9 fact1 = ea* & e intellectual pursuit :i* came 9 8 way4 ,! brilliance ( 8 college c\rse 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 0 notewor?y4 ,he quitt$ x to occupy a civil po/ "u ,gov]nm5t1 a position1 h[ev]1 :i* he soon ab&on$1 9 ord] to devote himself solely to music4 ,l s _m o!r m5 ( g5ius1 he m>ri$ a woman q incapable ( compreh5d+ 8 arti/ic aims & ambitions2 to quote ! words ( a ,russian writ]1 ,madame ,gl9ka1 nee ,m>ia ,petrovna1 0 only a pretty doll1 :o lov$ society & f9e clo!s1 & _h no sympa?y :atev] ) h] husb&'s romantic1 poetic side4 ,"o is glad to /ate t ,gl9ka nev] _h to /ruggle ) pov]ty4 ,he di$ at ,b]l9 9 #aheg4 ,he did = ,russian music :at 8 contempor>y1 ,pu%k91 did = ,russian lit]ature1 ea* 9 8 own dep>tm5t repres5t+ a national movem5t4 ,p]haps x is n too f>-fet*$ a !ory to trace ?is movem5t to ! mom5t\s date ( #ahab1 :5 x fell to ! lot ( ,russia to adm9i/] ! fir/ *eck 9 ,napoleon's triumphant c>e]4 ,ev] s9ce ! reign ( ,pet] ! ,great x _h be5 ! fa%ion to ape =eign habits1 to speak =eign tongues1 to import =eign music1 to mimic =eign lit]ature4 ,b :5 a =eign invad]1 :o _h m>*$ all-conqu]+ ?r\gh ! re/ ( ,europe1 appe>$ 9 s]i\s e>ne/ at ! v gates ( ,mosc[1 !re 0 a reb\nd3 slumb]+ patriotism awoke ) a great %\t1 &1 unit$ by a common dang]1 all classes ga!r$ toge!r = ! protection ( _! ,ts> & _! ,kreml94 ,to h repuls$ a ,napoleon 0 a mighty de$1 :i* c\ld reveal to ! ,russians ( :at /uff !y 7 made4 ,x taught !m to rely ^u ea* o!r & be /rong 9 !mselves2 & z ! art ( a nation is inv>iably ! outcome ( its hi/ory1 s ! ris+ g5]ation ( ,russian ?9k]s look$ inw>ds r ?an abroad4 ,gl9ka1 ,pu%k91 & _! foll[]s s\ght no =eign aid2 !y repres5t a ,russian ,r5aissance4 ,!y 7 cont5t1 inde$1 to abide by ! =ms univ]sally adopt$ else:]e1 b ! _s ( _! art manife/ation 0 ,russian to its core4 ,9 lit]ature1 ,pu%k9 & ,gogol 7 nev] we>y ( del9eat+ _! compatriots 9 e grade ( ,sclavonic society1 :il/ ,gl9ka took 8 musical inspirations f 8 native folk-songs & dance-rhy?ms--f ! hi/oric *ronicles ( 8 c\ntry or its leg5d>y lore4 ,9 reality1 ! =eign influ5ces & environm5t ) :i* he came s cont9u\sly into contact s]v$ m & m to conv9ce him t ,russia 9 h] turn _h z great a mission 9 music z any o!r nation4 ,= ?irty ye>s ! idea 0 gradually ga9+ /r5g? 9 8 m9d4 ,i want1 he said to a fri5d1 to write an ess5tially national op]a bo? z reg>ds subject & music2 some?+ :i* no =eign] c possibly accuse ( be+ borr[$1 & :i* %all come home to my compatriots z a "p ( !mselves4 ,8 fame dep5ds solely ^u ! two op]as1 ,la ,vie p\r le ,ts> & ,russlan et ,ludmille4 ,t he %\ld h *os5 to express himself especially 9 op]a is a significant fact4 ,! un]r+ in/9ct ( 8 g5ius evid5tly told him t 9 ?is =m1 r ?an 9 purely in/rum5tal music1 he w\ld mo/ truly repres5t t p ^: musical aspirations he wi%$ above all else to portray fai?fully1 & c]ta9ly 9 op]a lay 8 sure/ way t[>ds enli/+ ! sympa?ies ( 8 compatriots4 ,z be=e rem>k$1 "o might h imag9$ t op]a w\ld sc>cely ally itself to 8 p]sonal individuality2 x seems probable1 !re=e1 t v>i\s sali5t traits inh]5t 9 ! ,russians z a nation mu/ h l$ him to ! *oice4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 any music :i* claims to proce$ f ! v he>t ( ! ,russian p mu/ conta9 a vocal elem5t4 ,s univ]sal a love ( s++ z exi/s ?r\gh\t ,russia is to be met ) 9 no o!r c\ntry4 ,by ?is "o does n mean to inf] t ,russian cultivat$ s++1 ei!r solo or *oral1 is 9 any way sup]ior to :at is he>d else:]e4 ,! ,russian peasant kn[s absolutely no?+ ab\t voice production1 nor1 maybe1 is he gift$ ) any unusual vocal mat]ial1 nev]!less1 s++ is closely b\nd up ) e rural ev5t ( 8 *e]less exi/5ce4 ,dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury _m hundr$s ( ! native melodies sung by ! ,russian c\ntry p = g5]ations pa/ h be5 collect$ & writt5 d[n by diff]5t musicians--,balakireff1 ,rimsky-,korsak(f1 ,prok\d91 & ,lis5ko among/ o!rs4 ,! v>iety ( ^! folk-songs is a/oni%+4 ,!y nev] become monoton\s1 ea* song hav+ its di/9ctive climax1 & ! air always suits ! words4 ,(t5 ! untutor$ s+] has "o melody 9 8 rep]toire1 b intuitively he modifies its /ra9s accord+ to ! s5tim5t ( 8 subject4 ,?is g5]al love ( music applies z mu* to ! noble z to ! peasant4 ,:]e !re is a ,sclav !re is a ,song1 says a ,sclavonic prov]b1 & no public c]emony or ,c\rt function is ev] deem$ complete 9 ,russia )\t an outbur/ ( s++ to height5 its impressiv5ess4 ,!re is besides a m>k$ dramatic +r$i5t 9 ! ,sclavonic "*4 ,! typical ,russian loves act+4 ,to discov] ?is1 x is only necess>y to visit a ,russian village & witness ! unconsci\s pres5tm5ts ( lyric drama or ( desolate trag$y set =? by ! qua9t rites ( a c\ntry w$d+ or a ru/ic fun]al4 ,or /udy a ,russian leg5d4 ,x at once impresses y ) its weal? ( dramatic situations mo/ concisely def9$4 ,9 ?is1 ! ,sclavonic folktale diff]s radically f its ,celtic neighb\r4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two types sugge/s t ! ,russian pr9cipally desires a cle> /atem5t ( facts2 a poetic idea :i* mu/ be extract$ f cl\ds ( metaphor conveys b little significance to 8 m9d4 ,an innate love ( song1 an innate love ( act+1 a ke5 p]ception ( dramatic unity1 comb9$ ) a passionate love ( col\r & a /rong s5se ( movem5t--"h surely1 )\t any mann] ( d\bt1 "o has ! basis ( a well-nigh p]fect s*ool ( op]a4 ,gl9ka1 ! cultivat$ musician1 himself a ,russian1 ?or\ghly appreciat$ ^! national qualities2 inde$ !y 7 "p & p>cel ( 8 bir?right4 ,he c\ld assimilate ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 race & m]ge !m into 8 own v rem>kable orig9ality4 ,! fir/ product ( ! comb9$ motors 0 ,la ,vie p\r le ,ts>1 giv5 at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #ahcf4 ,fifty ye>s lat] x _h rea*$ its #egg? p]=mance1 & f all acc\nts x /ill reta9s an undim9i%$ popul>ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,!at]1 ,,odessa4 ,if we dissect ?is op]a & exam9e its wond]ful ma/]y ( te*nique & its dep? ( musical inspiration1 x displays beauties :i* _c fail to appeal to connoisseurs ( e race & s*ool4 ,b reg>d$ z a :ole1 "o is incl9$ to d\bt its ev] becom+ a /&>d "w outside its native home4 ,its true scope & mean+ c only be ju/ly e/imat$ by a public acqua9t$ ) ,russia h]self1 ) h] p1 h] hi/ory & h] inn]mo/ modes ( ?\ght4 ,gl9ka atta*$ ! highe/ value to ! folk-song1 ( :i*1 z already /at$1 he f\nd a treasure trove ready to 8 h&4 ,no?+1 ?\gh1 0 fur!r f 8 ?\ghts ?an to employ ?is mat]ial 9 pot-p\rri /yle4 ,russians !mselves are all agre$ t x w\ld be difficult to select "o :ole folk-song f any s+le "w ( ,gl9ka's4 ,x w\ld naturally require a native ( ,russia ) an accurate k ( ^! native tunes to tell u exactly :5 & :]e he us$ !m4 ,he seiz$ _! mood4 ,9 ?is way he develop$ e species ( ,sclavonic folk-song--,great ,russian1 ,little ,russian1 ,circassian1 ,poli%1 ,f9ni%--) a pass+ flav\r contribut$ by ,p]sia1 = und\bt$ly ,ori5tal music _h1 at "s remote p]iod1 influ5c$ its ,sclavonic neighb\r v /rongly4 ,gl9ka may be said to h atta9$ 8 end almo/ unconsci\s ( 8 mode ( proc$ure4 ,det]m9$ to compose ,russian music1 he pursu$ 8 idea unremitt+ly1 b x 0 only t[>ds ! close ( 8 life t he began to s]i\sly analyze 8 effects1 ask+ himself :5ce he _h obta9$ !m & 9 :at ess5tial po9ts !y exhibit$ _! nationality4 ,?is inquiry involv$ him 9 a field ( rese>* bewild]+ 9 its magnitude1 & "o :i* 8 e>ly dea? un=tunately prev5t$ him f ?or\ghly inve/igat+4 ,nor is ! task by any means complet$ n[1 "s =ty ye>s lat]1 al?\gh _m ,russian musicians h ?r[n consid]able light ^u its v>i$ aspects4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds a folk-song analysis 0 ! collect+ ( ! melodies 9 suffici5t numb]s = comp>ison4 ,s mu* be+ done1 x fla%$ ^u ,gl9ka t !re 0 an intimate connection betwe5 ! ,russian folk-song & ! mo/ anci5t ,russian ,*ur* music4 ,t is to say1 ! melody & ! fre$om ( rhy?m typical ( ! folk-song _h be5 evolv$ by ! p1 :il/ its h>monization1 9 :i* lay "o ( its mo/ /rik+ ess5tialities1 _h be5 bequea!d x by ! ,*ur*4 ,f all t c be ga!r$ conc]n+ music 9 ,muscovy prior to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 x seems ju/ifiable to admit t h>mony1 or "p s++1 0 already practis$ among/ ! inhabitants1 9 :at mann] x is impossible to conjecture4 ,at any rate1 :5 ! ,*ur* ( ,byzantium took root !re1 ! ,sclav 0 suffici5tly advanc$ musically to imbibe a new idea4 ,we "k t ! ,byzant9e ,*ur* modes 7 purely diatonic1 s is ! h>monization ( ! ,russian folk-song 9 its mo/ elem5t>y & uncorrupt$ =m4 ,t ! "o produc$ ! o!r is a mo/ natural conclusion4 ,9 ! olde/ ( ! ,russian national melodies ,gl9ka discov]$ ! mo/ cle>ly def9$ type ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian songs on record4 ,a wond]ful te/imony ?is to ! indwell+ religi\s _s ( ! ,russian p1 :o *ange b little & :o are s+ul>ly t5aci\s ( _! cu/oms 9 spite ( all _! ready receptiv5ess4 ,9 "o s5se ! folk-song is z rude & h>dy z its s+]2 f ano!r po9t ( view x is a %y1 delicate emanation %r9k+ f all human int]c\rse outside its own small cot]ie ( famili> voices4 ,9 ,russia1 z 9 e o!r c\ntry1 x has _h to be s\ght 9 ! remote ,/eppes & f>-(f di/ricts :]e =eign influ5ces _h nev] p5etrat$1 & by a curi\s inv]se process its h>monies1 ( c\rse1 transmitt$ orally1 7 ! means ( pres]v+ ! ,byzant9e ,*ur* tonality long aft] ?is fir/ cause _h accept$ *romatic & enh>monic modulations4 ,9 ! *ief ,russian cities & m op5$-up p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & lat] on ,g]man elem5ts gradually =m$ !mselves into ,*ur* z well z secul> music1 & only )9 ! la/ sixty ye>s h attempts be5 made to re/ore ?is to its pri/9e &1 p]haps x may be add$1 some:at monoton\s purity4 ,! m9or key 9 :i* ! ,sclavonic folksong 0 usually c\*$1 toge!r ) its extraord9>y v>iety ( rhy?m & phrase1 protect$ x f ?is monotony1 ! m9or keys hav+ inf9itely ri*] res\rces ( col\r1 ev5 :5 /rictly diatonically treat$1 ?an ! major4 ,sclavonic music figures s con/antly ^u e conc]t programme 9 ^! days t we are probably mo/ ( u accu/om$ to its vag>ies ( rhy?m1 or :at may be /yl$ irregul>ity ( metre4 ,?is is a direct h]itage f ! folk-song1 :i* ,gl9ka & 8 successors h borr[$ l>gely4 ,! lead+ musical spirits ( 8 day 7 quick to accr$it him a k9dr$ g5ius4 ,b]lioz welcom$ him gladly1 & fur!r$ 8 cause by eloqu5t writ+ z well z by obta9+ him a he>+ 9 ,p>is4 ,liszt 0 ano!r en?usia/ic ,gl9kite1 & ,s*umann1 unfail+ly ke5 to notice new tal5t pursu+ a new pa?1 spe$ily drew att5tion to a ,russian :o 0 do+ = ! music ( 8 c\ntry :at ,*op9 & ,moniusco _h done = ,pol&4 ,rub9/e91 :o 0 /ill a boy :5 ,gl9ka's sun 0 ne> sett+1 grew up ) a w>m admiration = ! f\nd] ( 8 native s*ool1 & 9 #ahee he sp5t "s ( 8 ard\r ^u a highly laudatory article 9 ! ,wi5] ,zeits*rift fir ,musik1 plac+ ,gl9ka on a p> ) ,bee?ov54 ,gl9ka ?or\ghly dete/+ any?+ t sav\r$ ( flatt]y1 took ! "y musician s\ndly to task = 8 pa9s2 b ,rub9/e9 rema9$ true to 8 t5ets1 & lat] on1 :5 ye>s _h matur$ 8 judgm5t1 we f9d him includ+ ! "n ( ,gl9ka ) t ( ,ba*1 ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t & ,*op91 z ! *ief g]m9ators ( mod]n music2 :il/ "o ( ! la/ acts ( 8 g5]\s public c>e] 0 a conc]t giv5 9 aid ( a national monum5t to ! compos] ( ,la ,vie p\r le ,ts>4 ,) "o or two m9or exceptions1 successive ,russian ma/]s h foll[$ fai?fully 9 ,gl9ka's foot/eps4 ,to ,borod9e1 ,d>gomijsky1 ,s](f1 ,balakireff1 & ,rimsky-,korsak(f a full me$ ( nationality has be5 grant$4 ,to ,rub9/e9 & ,ts*aik[ski criticism is at pres5t dispos$ to d5y ! quality 9 its mo/ sali5t features4 ,b _! prolific mass ( compositions has s f> sc>cely be5 suffici5tly explor$ outside _! own ,russian doma9 = a f9al judgm5t to be haz>d$4 ,a ne>] inspection ( _! "w1 inde$1 toge!r ) a m accurate /udy ( ,russian art z a :ole1 di/9ctly leads to ! op9ion t a revolution ( feel+ may ev5tually spr+ up1 especially on ! subject ( _! op]as4 ,also ,rub9/e9's dramatic works1 n[ mo/ly dismiss$ by =eign]s z 8 weake/ productions1 may 9 due c\rse be accept$ z 8 f9e/ creations4 ,f ! diff]5t reasons previ\sly d$uc$ !re c be little d\bt t 9 op]a ,gl9ka purposely laid ! corn]-/one ( :at he e>ne/ly believ$ to be a true ,russian s*ool1 & a glance at contempor>y musical activity %[s t "h ,russia has e opportunity = di/+ui%+ h]self1 & t ) v little competition4 ,,russian ,,lit]ature ,w4 ,r4 ,,morfill ,( ! ,russian !re are ! foll[+ *ief dialects--,great1 ,little1 & ,:ite ,russian4 ,! ,great ,russian is ! lit]>y & (ficial language ( ! ,empire4 ,9 its /ructure x is highly syn!tic1 hav+ ?ree g5d]s & sev5 cases1 & ! n\ns & adjectives be+ fully inflect$4 ,its great peculi>ity 7:i* x %>es 9 common ) all ! ,sclavonic languages71 is ! /ructure ( ! v]bs1 :i* are divid$ into s-call$ aspects1 :i* modify ! mean+1 j z ! ,lat9 t]m9ations sco1 urio1 & ita1 only ! =ms are develop$ into a m p]fect sy/em4 ,! lett]s employ$ are ! ,cyrillian1 held to h be5 inv5t$ by ,/4 ,cyril 9 ! ,n9? ,c5tury4 ,!y are on ! :ole well adapt$ to express ! _m s\nds ( ! ,russian alphabet1 = :i* ! ,lat9 lett]s w\ld be :olly inadequate1 & mu/ p]=ce be employ$ 9 "s su* unc\? comb9ations z ^? :i* communicate a grotesque appe>ance to ,poli%4 ,x w\ld be out ( place "h to discuss ! ,ecclesia/ical ,sclavonic employ$ 9 s _m ( ! e>ly writ+s compos$ 9 ,russian4 ,i %all proce$ to speak ( ! lit]ature 9 ,russian prop]ly s-call$4 ,! great epo*s ( ?is w be-- ,i4 ,f ! e>lie/ times to ! reign ( ,pet] ! ,great4 ,,ii4 ,f ! reign ( ,pet] ! ,great to our own "t4 ,! ,russians1 l ! re/ ( ! ,sclavonic peoples are v ri* 9 national songs1 _m 7z "o may judge f ! allusions f\nd 9 !m71 go+ back to a remote antiquity4 ,= a long "t1 & especially dur+ ! p]iod ( ,fr5* influ5ce1 ^! productions 7 neglect$4 ,9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 h[ev]1 !y h be5 assidu\sly collect$ by ,bezsonov1 ,kirievski1 ,ribnikov1 ,hilf]d+ & o!rs4 ,! ,russian leg5d>y poems are call$ ,bil9i 7lit]ally1 tales ( old "t71 & may be mo/ conv5i5tly divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3-- #a4 ,t ( ! e>li] h]oes4 #b4 ,! ,cycle ( ,vladimir4 #c4 ,! ,royal1 or ,mosc[ ,cycle4 ,! e>ly h]oes are ( a half-my?ical type1 & p]=m prodigies ( val\r4 ,to ?is class belong ,volga ,vseslavi*1 ,mik\la ,selian9ovi* & ,sviatogor4 ,! great glory ( ! ,cycle ( ,vladimir is ,ilya ,murometz4 ,! ,bil9as are fill$ ) 8 magnific5t exploits1 ei!r alone1 or 9 ! company ( ,sviatogor4 ,! national songs are c>ri$ on ?r\gh ! tr\bl\s times ( ,boris ,godunov1 & ! false ,dimitri1 to ! days ( ,pet] ! ,great1 :5 !y seem to h acquir$ new vig\r on acc\nt ( ! milit>y a*ievem5ts ( ! reg5]ator ( 8 c\ntry4 ,nor are !y ext9ct 9 our own "t1 = we f9d exploits ( ,napoleon1 especially 8 disa/r\s exp$ition to ,russia1 made ! subject ( v]se4 ,! int]e/1 h[ev]1 ( ^! leg5d>y poems fades away z we advance into lat] days4 ,! numb] ( m9/rels is rapidly dim9i%+2 & ,riaban91 & 8 companions among ! ,great ,russians1 & ,o/ap ,v]esai among ! ,malo-,russians1 w probably be ! la/ ( ^! g5]ations ( rhapsodi/s1 :o h transmitt$ _! traditional *ants f fa!r to son1 f tutor to pupil4 ,a great feature 9 ,russian lit]ature is ! collection ( *ronicles1 :i* beg9 ) ,ne/or1 monk ( ! ,pe/*]ski ,cloi/] at ,kiev1 :o 0 born ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #ajef1 & di$ ab\t #aaaf4 ,dur+ ! "t :5 ,russia groan$ "u ! yoke ( ! ,mongols1 ! nation rema9$ sil5t1 except "h & !re1 p]haps1 9 "s leg5d>y song1 sung among peasants1 & de/9$ subsequ5tly to be ga!r$ f oral tradition by a ,ribnikov & a ,hilf]d+4 ,su* lit]ature z 0 cultivat$ =m$ ! recreation ( ! monks 9 _! cells4 ,a new era1 h[ev]1 0 to come4 ,ivan ,,iii4 e/abli%$ ! autocracy & made ,mosc[ ! c5tre ( ! new gov]nm5t4 ,! ,russians naturally look$ to ,con/ant9ople z ! c5tre ( _! civilization2 & ev5 :5 ! city 0 tak5 by ! ,turks its influ5ce did n cease4 ,_m le>n$ ,greeks fl$ to ,russia1 & f\nd an hospitable reception 9 ! dom9ions ( ! ,gr& ,duke4 ,dur+ ! reigns ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible & 8 imm$iate successors1 al?\gh ! mat]ial progress ( ! c\ntry 0 consid]ably advanc$1 & a /rong ,gov]nm5t f\nd$1 yet little 0 done = le>n+4 ,simeon ,polotzki 7#afbh-hj71 tutor to ! ,ts> ,feodor1 son ( ,alexis1 0 an indefatigable writ] ( religi\s & educational books1 b 8 productions c n[ only int]e/ ! antiqu>ian4 ,! v]ses compos$ by him on ! new palace built by ! ,ts> ,alexis1 at ,kolom5ski are delici\sly qua9t4 ,( a m important "* is ! sket* ( ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 & ! habits ( ! p1 writt5 by "o ,ko%ik9 7or ,koto%ik9--= ! "n is f\nd 9 bo? =ms71 a r5egade diak or secret>y1 :i*1 aft] hav+ la9 = a long "t 9 manuscript 9 ! libr>y ( ,upsala1 9 ,sw$51 0 edit$ 9 #ahdj1 by ! ,russian hi/orian ,soloviev4 ,koto%ik9 t]m9at$ a life ( /range vicissitudes by p]i%+ at ! h&s ( ! public execution] at ,/ockholm1 ab\t #affi4 ,) ! re=ms ( ,pet] ! ,great comm5ces an entirely new p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,russian lit]ature1 :i* 0 n[ to be "u ,we/]n influ5ce4 ,! epo* 0 inaugurat$ by ,lomonosov1 ! son ( a poor fi%]man ( ,ar*angel1 :o =ms "o ( ! curi\s b& ( peasant au?ors--( v v>i\s m]it1 x mu/ be confess$--:o pres5t su* an unexpect$ ph5om5on 9 ,russian lit]ature4 ,occasionally we h m5 ( real g5ius1 z 9 ! cases ( ,koltzov1 ,nikit91 & ,%ev*5ko1 ! great glory ( s\!rn ,russia2 sometimes1 p]haps1 a man ^: abilities h be5 ov]rat$ z 9 ! in/ance ( ,slep\%k94 ,lemonosov is m prais$ ?an read by 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 turgid odes1 /uff$ ) classical allusions1 9 praise ( ,anne & ,elizabe?1 are /ill committ$ to memory by pupils at educational e/abli%m5ts4 ,8 panegyrics are c]ta9ly fulsome1 b probably no worse ?an ^? ( ,boileau 9 praise ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o grovell$ )\t ! excuse ( ! imp]fectly educat$ ,scy?ian4 ,! reign ( ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 7#agfb-if71 saw ! rise ( a :ole g5]ation ( c\rt poets4 ,! great maxim1 ,un ,augu/e peut aisem5t faire un ,virgile1 0 se5 9 all its absurdity 9 semi-b>b>\s ,russia4 ,^! wits 7 support$ by ! ,empress & h] imm$iate ent\rage1 to :om _! florid productions 7 ord9>ily address$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,libr>y1 ,,odessa4 ,f ,byzant9e traditions1 f leg5ds ( sa9ts1 f confus$ *ronicles1 & or?odox hymnologies1 ,russia 0 to pass by "o ( ! mo/ viol5t *anges ev] witness$ 9 ! lit]ature ( any c\ntry1 into epics m\ld$ ^u ! ,h5riade1 & t$i\s odes 9 ! /yle ( ,boileau & ,jean ,bapti/e ,r\sseau4 ,ou/rialov1 ! hi/orian1 truly *>act]izes mo/ ( ! volum9\s writ]s ( ?is epo*1 z m$iocre v]se mak]s1 = claim+ m]its 9 ! cases ( ,bogdanovi*1 ,khemnitz]1 ,von ,viz91 ,dmitriev1 & ,d]zhav94 ,bogdanovi* wrote a v pretty lyric piece1 /yl$ ,du%5ka bas$ on ! /ory ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1 & p>tly imitat$ f ,lafonta9e1 ) a sportive *>m ab\t ! v]se :i* w pres]ve x f becom+ obsolete4 ,) ,khemnitz] beg9 ! fabuli/s4 ,b ,i %all res]ve my rem>ks ^u ?is species ( lit]ature & its ,russian vot>ies until ,i come to ,krilov1 :o may be said to be "o ( ! few ,sclavonic au?ors :o h ga9$ a reputation beyond ! limits ( _! own c\ntry4 ,9 ,d5is ,von ,viz91 born at ,mosc[1 b z 8 "n %[s1 ( ,g]man extraction1 ,russia saw a writ] ( g5u9e national com$y4 ,hi!rto %e _h to cont5t h]self ) poor imitations ( ,moli]e4 ,8 two plays1 ! ,brigadi] & ! ,m9or 7,n$]osl71 h mu* orig9al tal5t4 ,no su* vigor\s repres5tations ( "* appe>$ aga9 on ! /age till ,! ,mis=tune ( be+ too ,clev] 7,gore et ,ouma7 ( ,griboi$ov1 & ! ,revisor ( ,gogol4 ,dmitriev des]ves p]haps no m ?an a pass+ m5tion4 ,! "n ( ,d]zhav9 is spok5 ( ) rev]5ce among 8 c\ntrym53 he 0 ! laureate ( ! epo* ( ,ca!r9e1 & _h a fre% ode = e new milit>y glory4 ,!re is mu* fire & vig\r 9 8 productions & he c\ld develop ! /r5g? & flexibility ( 8 native language :i* c be made z expressive & concise z ,greek4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 we get a little tir$ ( 8 endless p]fections ( ,felitza1 ! "n "u :i* he celebrates ! ,empress ,ca!r9e1 a woman :o--:atev] h] private faults may h be51--did a great deal = ,russia4 ,9 ,ni*olas ,k>amz9 appe>$ ! fir/ ,russian hi/orian :o c prop]ly claim ! title4 ,8 poems are almo/ =gott53 "h & !re we come ^u a solit>y lyric 9 a book ( extracts4 ,8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,russian ,empire1 h[ev]1 is a "w ( ext5sive rese>*1 & mu/ always be quot$ ) respect by ,sclavonic s*ol>s4 ,un=tunately1 x only ext5ds to ! election ( ,mi*ael ,romanov4 ,k>amz9 0 foll[$ by ,ni*olas ,polevoi1 son ( a ,sib]ian m]*ant1 :o h>dly left any species ( lit]ature unt\*$4 ,8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,russian ,p1 h[ev]1 did n add to 8 reputation1 & is n[ almo/ =gott54 ,9 lat] times bo? ^! au?ors h be5 eclips$ by su* writ]s z ,soloviev & ,ko/om>ov4 ,a new & m critical s*ool ( ,russian hi/orians has sprung up2 b = ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,sclavonic peoples1 ! great "w is /ill ,s*af>ik's ,sclavonic ,antiquities1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,bohemian language1 & m famili> to s*ol>s 9 ! ,we/ ( ,europe 9 its ,g]man v]sion4 ,) ! break+ up ( old =ms ( gov]nm5t caus$ by ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 came ! dislocation ( ! old conv5tional modes ( ?\ght4 ,classicism 9 lit]ature 0 dead1 hav+ weigh$ l an incubus ^u ! fancy & fre% life ( _m g5]ations4 ,engl& & ,g]many 7 at ! head ( ! new movem5t1 :i* 0 at a lat] p]iod to be jo9$ to ,france4 ,! influ5ce 0 to ext5d to ,russia1 & may be said to date f ! reign ( ,alex&] ,i4 ,x 0 head$ by ,zhukovski1 :o 0 r a flu5t translator ?an an orig9al poet4 ,he has giv5 excell5t v]sions ( ,s*ill]1 ,goe!1 ,moore1 & ,byron1 & has bett] enri*$ ! lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry 9 ?is way ?an by 8 orig9al productions4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 "s lyric fire ( 8 own2 ! ode entitl$ ,! ,poet 9 ! ,camp ( ! ,russian ,w>riors1 writt5 9 ! memorable ye> #ahab1 did some?+ to /imulate ! national feel+s1 & procure = ! poet a good appo9tm5t at c\rt4 ,9 ,alex&] ,pu%k91 ! ,russians 7 de/9$ to f9d _! greate/ poet4 ,8 fir/ "w1 ,r\slan & ,li\dmilla1 0 a tale ( half-my?ical times1 9 :i* ! influ5ce ( ,byron 0 cle>ly visible1 b ! au?or _h nev] all[$ himself to become a m]e copyi/4 ,! same may be said ( ,! ,prison] ( ! ,caucasus1 9 :i* ,pu%k9 _h an opportunity ( describ+ ! romantic sc5]y ( t wild c\ntry1 :i* 0 !n entirely new gr\nd4 ,9 ! ,f\nta9 ( ,bak*is]ai he *ose an episode 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,khans ( ! ,crimea1 :i* he has h&l$ v poetically4 ,! ,gipsies is a wild ori5tal tale ( passion & v5geance4 ,! poet1 :o _h be5 sp5d+ "s "t amid ! ,/eppes ( ,bess>abia1 has left u wond]ful pictures ( ! w&]+ tribes & _! savage life4 ,_m ,russians consid] ! ,evg5ie ,onieg9 ( ,pu%k9 to be 8 be/ ef=t4 ,x is a p[]fully writt5 love-/ory1 full ( sket*es ( mod]n life1 int]sp]s$ ) satire & pa?os4 ,a criticism ( ,pu%k9 w\ld necess>ily be imp]fect1 :i* left out ( all consid]ation 8 drama on ! subject ( ,boris ,godunov4 ,"h he has us$ ,%akespe>e z 8 model4 ,up to ?is "t ! traditions ( ! ,russian /age--su* z !y 7--7 :olly ,fr5*4 ,! piece is und\bt$ly v clev]1 & conceiv$ ) true dramatic p[]4 ,s9ce ,pu%k9's attempt1 ! hi/orical drama bas$ ^u ! ,engli%1 has be5 v successfully cultivat$4 ,a f9e trilogy has be5 compos$ by ,c\nt ,a4 ,tol/oi 7^: premature dea? all ,russia deplor$71 on ! ?ree subjects1 ,! ,dea? ( ,ivan ! ,t]rible 7#ahff71 ,! ,ts> ,feodor 7#ahfh7 & ! ,ts> ,boris 7#ahfi74 ,! ,russian fabuli/s1 ^: "n is legion1 dem& "s m5tion2 ,khemnitz]1 ,dmitriev1 ,ivanov & o!rs1 h attempt$ ?is /yle ( poetry2 b ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all is ,ivan ,krilov 7#agfh-ahdd74 ,_m ( 8 %ort s5t5ces h become prov]bs among ! ,russian p1 l ! c\plets ( ,lafonta9e among ! ,fr5*1 & ,butl]'s ,hudibras among ourselves4 ,8 pictures ( life & mann]s are mo/ ?or\ghly national4 ,9 ,koltzov ! true voice ( ! p1 :i* _h be=e only express$ itself 9 ! national ballads 0 he>d4 ,! life ( ?is s5sitive & w>m-he>t$ man ( g5ius 0 cl\d$ by pov]ty & suff]+4 ,! poems ( ,koltzov are writt51 = ! mo/ "p1 9 an unrhym$ v]se2 ! %>p1 well-def9$ acc5t 9 ,russian amply satisfy+ ! e>1 z 9 ,g]man4 ,8 poetical ta/e _h be5 nurtur$ by ! popul> lays ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he has caught _! col\r+ z truly z ,burns did t ( ! ,scotti% m9/relsy4 ,he is unque/ionably ! mo/ national poet t ,russia has produc$2 ,slep\%k9 & ,alipanov1 two o!r peasant poets1 :o made "s little noise 9 _! "t1 _c = "o mom5t be comp>$ ) him2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 he has be5 excell$ by ! fi]y en]gy & picturesque p[] ( ! ,cossack1 ,t>as ,%ev*5ko1 ( :om ,i %all speak4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,pu%k91 ,l]montov alone has appe>$ to dispute ! poetical cr[n ) him4 ,! %ort life ( ?is au?or 7#ahad-da71 end$ 9 ! same way z ,pu%k9's--9 a duel provok$ by himself4 ,_m ( 8 lyrics are exquisite1 & h become /&>d poems 9 ,russia1 su* z ! ,gifts ( ,t]ek & ,! ,cradle ,song ( ! ,cossack ,"m4 ,9 ,gogol1 :o di$ 9 #aheb1 ! ,russians _h to lam5t ! loss ( a ke5 & vigor\s satiri/4 ,) a happy hum\r rem9d+ u ( ,dick5s 9 8 be/ moods1 he has sket*$ all classes ( society 9 ! ,dead ,s\ls1 p]haps ! clev]e/ ( all ,russian novels4 ,no "o1 also has reproduc$ ! sc5]y & habits ( ,little ,russia1 ( :i* he 0 a native1 m vigor\sly ?an ,gogol1 :e!r 9 ! pictures ( c\ntry life 9 8 ,old-,fa%ion$ ,h\sehold 7if we may translate 9 s free a mann] ! title ,/>ovetskie ,pome/*iki71 or 9 ! wild] sket*es ( ! /ruggles :i* took place betwe5 ! ,poles & ,cossacks 9 ,t>as ,b\lba4 ,9 ! ,portrait & ,memoirs ( a ,madman1 ,gogol %[s a weird p[]1 :i* may be comp>$ ) t ( ! fanta/ic ,am]ican1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,besides 8 novels1 he wrote a brilliant com$y call$ ! ,revisor1 deal+ ) ! evils ( bureaucracy4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> #ahgg1 di$ ,ni*olas ,nekrasov1 ! mo/ rem>kable poet produc$ by ,russia s9ce ,l]montov4 ,he has left six volumes ( poetry1 ( a peculi>ly reali/ic type1 *iefly dwell+ ^u ! mis=tunes ( ! ,russian peasantry1 & putt+ be=e u mo/ =cibly ! dull grey t9ts ( _! monoton\s & purposeless lives4 ,i h n space to enum]ate "h ev5 ! mo/ prom95t ,russian noveli/s4 ,no acc\nt1 h[ev]1 ( _! lit]ature w\ld be any?+ l complete :i* omitt$ ! "n ( ,ivan ,t\rgh5iev1 ^: reputation is ,european4 ,) ! ,russians ! ,engli% novel ( ! reali/ic type is ! fa%ionable model4 ,9 ?is bran* ( lit]ature1 ,fr5* influ5ces h h>dly be5 felt at all4 ,! hi/orical novel--an e*o ( ! great romances ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott--_h its cultivators 9 su* writ]s z ,zagosk9 & ,lazhe*nikov2 b at ! pres5t "t1 ) ! exception ( ! rec5t productions ( ,c\nt ,tol/oi1 x is a =m ( lit]ature z dead 9 ,russia z 9 our own c\ntry4 ,! novel ( dome/ic life bids fair to swall[ up all ! re/1 & x is to ?is t ! ,russians are devot+ _! att5tion4 ,t\rgh5iev fir/ made a "n by 8 ,memoirs ( a ,sportsman1 a p[]fully writt5 "w1 9 :i* h>r[+ descriptions are giv5 ( ! mis]able condition ( ! ,russian s]fs4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ?is novel1 or r s]ies ( sket*es1 he has writt5 a succession ( able works ( ! same k9d1 9 :i* all classes ( ,russian society h be5 review$4 ,no m pa!tic tale ?an ! ,g5tleman's ,retreat 7,dvorianskoe ,gnezdo7 c be %[n 9 ! lit]ature ( any c\ntry4 ,!re are t\*es 9 x wor?y ( ,george ,eliot4 ,9 ,fa!rs & ,*ildr5 & ,smoke1 ,t\rgh5iev has grappl$ ) ! nihili/ic ideas :i* = a long "t h be5 s curr5t 9 ,russia4 ,! /udy ( ,russian hi/ory1 s well comm5c$ by ,k>amz91 has be5 fur!r develop$ by ,ou/rialov & ,soloviev4 ,! ,malo-,russian is v ri* 9 skazki 7national tales7 & 9 songs4 ,peculi> to !m is ! d\ma1 a k9d ( n>rative poem1 9 :i* ! metre is g5]ally v irregul>2 b a sort ( rhy?m is pres]v$ by ! recurr5ce ( acc5tuat$ syllables4 ,! d\ma ( ! ,little ,russians corresponds to ! bil9a ( ! ,great ,russians4 ,z might naturally be expect$1 mo/ ,malo-,russian au?ors ( em95ce1 h pref]r$ us+ ! ,great ,russian1 notably ,gogol1 :o h[ev] is v fond ( introduc+ prov9cial expressions :i* require a gloss>y4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,malo-,russian cultivat$ lit]ature 0 laid by ! travi/y ( ! ,a,eneid1 by ,kotli>evski1 :i* enjoys great popul>ity among 8 c\ntrym54 ,a truly national poet appe>$ 9 ,t>as ,%ev*5ko1 born a s]f 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,kiev1 at ! village ( ,kirilovka4 ,( ! lit]ature ( ! ,:ite ,russians1 b little ne$ be said1 z x is v scanty1 am\nt+ to a few collections ( songs edit$ by ,%e91 ,bezsonov & o!rs4 ,,pres5t ,,conditions ,e4 ,s4 ,ni*olas ,i41 ,ts> ( all ! ,russias 7born 9 #ahfh71 ! elde/ son ( ,alex&] ,,iii4 & ! ,pr9cess ,dagm>1 daught] ( ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,ix4 ( ,d5m>k1 asc5d$ ! ?rone on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r 9 #ahid4 ,he is desc5d$ f ,mi*ael ,roman(1 elect$ ,ts> 9 #afac1 aft] ! ext9ction ( ! ,h\se ( ,rurik1 & also f ! ,old5burg family4 ,ni*olas ,,ii4 0 m>ri$ 9 #ahid to ,pr9cess ,alex&ra ,alix 7,alex&ra ,feodorov9a71 daught] ( ,ludwig ,,iv41 ,gr& ,duke ( ,hesse1 & ,alice ,maud ,m>y1 daught] ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,_! f\r daught]s are3 ,olga 7born #ahie72 ,tatiana 7born #ahig72 ,m>ie 7born #ahii72 & ,ana/asia 7born #aija74 ,! ,gr& ,duke ,mi*ael 7born #ahgh71 bro!r ( ! ,emp]or1 is ! ,heir ,presumptive4 ,! ,emp]or's va/ rev5ue is d]iv$ f ,cr[n doma9s3 ! am\nt is unkn[n1 z no ref]5ce is made 9 ! budgets or f9ance acc\nts4 ,x consi/s1 h[ev]1 ( m ?an a million ( squ>e miles ( cultivat$ l&s & =e/s1 besides gold & o!r m9es 9 ,sib]ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ts> ,,ni*olas4 ,russia is an absolute h]$it>y mon>*y4 ,! ,emp]or's w is law1 & 9 him ! :ole legislative1 executive & judicial p[] is unit$4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ! ,empire is entru/$ to f\r great bo>ds or c\ncils3 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,/ate2 ! ,rul+ ,s5ate2 ! ,holy ,synod2 & ! ,committee ( ,m9i/]s4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate1 e/abli%$ by ,alex&] ,i4 9 #ahja1 consi/s ( a presid5t nom9at$ e ye> by ! ,emp]or & a l>ge numb] ( memb]s appo9t$ by him4 ,?is c\ncil is divid$ into f\r dep>tm5ts3 ,legislation2 ,civil & ,*ur* ,adm9i/ration2 ,/ate's ,economy & ,indu/ry2 ,sci5ces & ,comm]ce4 ,! ,rul+ ,s5ate1 f\nd$ by ,pet] ,i4 9 #agaa1 is really ! high c\rt ( ju/ice = ! ,empire4 ,x is divid$ into six dep>tm5ts1 or sections4 ,! ,holy ,synod1 f\nd$ by ,pet] ,i4 9 #agbh1 has *>ge ( ! religi\s affairs ( ! ,empire4 ,its memb]s are ! ,metropolitans ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,mosc[ & ,kief1 ! ar*bi%op ( ,georgia & sev]al bi%ops :o sit 9 turn4 ,! ,presid5t is ,antoni\s1 ! ,metropolitan ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! ,emp]or has to approve ( all ! decisions ( ! ,holy ,synod4 ,european ,russia consi/s ( ,russia ,prop] 7#ej ,prov9ces71 ,pol& 7#aj ,prov9ces71 & ,f9l& 7,gr& ,du*y74 ,! population 9 #ahig 0 respectively1 #ic1dfg1gcf2 #i1dja1jig2 & #b1ebg1hja4 ,asiatic ,russia consi/s ( ,caucasia 7#aa ,prov9ces2 population #i1bia1jjj72 ,sib]ia 7#h ,prov9ces & ,regions2 population #e1gbf1gai72 & ,c5tral ,asia 7#aj ,prov9ces & ,regions2 population #g1gdj1cid74 ,russian subjects 9 ,khiva & ,bokh>a numb] #f1dab4 ,( ! total population #abh1afa1bdi1 #fd1faf1bhj 7 m5 & #fd1eid1hhc1 wom54 ,9 ,european ,russia ! annual increase ( population is at ! rate ( ne>ly a million & a half4 ,! *ief cities ( ,european ,russia are ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7#a1bfg1jbc72 ,mosc[ 7#ihh1fad72 ,w>saw 7#fch1bjh72 ,odessa 7#dje1jda72 ,lodz 7#cae1bji72 ,riga 7#bef1aig72 ,kief 7#bdg1dcb72 ,kh>k(f 7#agd1hdf72 ,tiflis 7#afj1fde72 ,vilna 7#aei1efh72 ,ta%k5d 7#aef1dad72 ,s>atov 7#acg1aji72 ,kasan 7#aca1ejh72 ,ekat]9oslav 7#aba1baf72 ,ro/ov-on-!-,don 7#aai1hhi72 ,a/rakhan 7#aac1jja72 ,baku 7#aab1bec72 ,tula 7#aaa1jdh71 & ,ki%9eff7#ajh1gif74 ,! population ( ,novgorod1 ,sam>a1 ,m9sk & ,nikolaieff is betwe5 #ie1jjj & #ij1jjj4 ,tiflis & ,baku 9 ! ,caucasus h respective populations ( #afj1jjj & #aab1jjj4 ,! l>ge/ t[ns 9 ! ,trans-,caspia are ,askhabad 7#ai1ejj7 & ,m]v 7#h1gej71 & ^? ( ,turke/an are ,ta%k5d1 ,namangan ,sam>k& & ,&ijan4 ,!re are ab\t #ej1jjj 9 ea* ( ! ,sib]ian t[ns ( ,tomsk1 ,irkutsk & ,ekat]9burg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ts>9a4 ,!re has be5 no c5sus s9ce #ahig1 b 9 #aijj ! population ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg 0 #a1dci1gci2 ,mosc[1 #a1jce1ffd2 & ,riga1 #bhb1idc4 ,! mortality 9 ! t[ns is s great t ! dea?s exce$ ! bir?s4 ,emigration is on ! increase1 &1 ( late ye>s1 ! ,russians1 p>ticul>ly ! ,jews1 flock to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 *iefly ?r\gh ,hamburg1 ,luebeck & ,brem54 ,9 #aijj1 #di1ehj emigrat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 #a1bec to ,arg5t9a2 & numb]s to ,canada & ,brazil4 ,emigration to ,sib]ia v>ies f ye> to ye>1 b is on ! increase4 ,9 #ahih1 #hj1jjj w5t & 9 #aija f #aej1jjj to #bjj1jjj4 ,!re is also mu* emigration to ! ,s\!rn ,ural & ! ,/eppe prov9ces4 ,9 ,european ,russia1 !re is an av]age ( a t[n or village to e f\r or sev5 squ>e miles1 & 9 ! ,caucasus1 "o to e n9e squ>e miles2 b 9 ,asiatic ,russia ! av]age v>ies2 = example1 9 ,sam>k& !re is "o to e f\rte5 squ>e miles1 & 9 ! prov9ce ( ,yakutsk1 "o to e #b1gfj squ>e miles4 ,! pr9cipal ports are ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,cron/adt1 ,n>va1 ,riga1 ,libau1 ,p]nau & ,v9dau 7on ! ,baltic72 ,hango 7on ! ,gulf ( ,bo?nia72 ,revel1 ,hels+fo]s & ,wiborg 7on ! ,gulf ( ,f9l&72 ,ar*angel & ,ekat]9sk 7,arctic & ,:ite ,seas72 ,odessa1 ,nicolaieff1 ,seba/opol1 ,nova-,rossiisk1 ,b]diansk & ,bat\m1 ,taganrog1 ,m>9pol1 ,ro/ov & ,k]t* 7on ! ,black ,sea & ,sea ( ,azov72 ,a/rakhan1 ,d]b5t & ,baku 7on ! ,caspian ,sea72 ,nicolaieffsk1 ,vladivo/ok & ,petrapaulovsk 9 ,kamt*atka2 & ,port ,ar?ur & ,dalni or ,ta-li5-wan 7,gulf ( ,pe*ili71 h be5 occupi$ s9ce ! ,russo-,*9ese ,treaty ( #ahih4 ,! e/abli%$ religion is ! ,russo-,greek1 or ,graeco-,russian1 kn[n (ficially z ! ,or?odox ,ca?olic ,fai?4 ,x ma9ta9s ! relations ( a si/] *ur* ) ! f\r patri>*ates ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,antio*1 ,j]usalem & ,alex&ria4 ,! ,emp]or is ! head ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,russian ,empire is divid$ into #fd bi%oprics1 "u #c metropolitans1 #ad ar*bi%ops & #dh bi%ops2 9 #ahih1 !re 7 #ff1adf *ur*es 7#gah ( :i* 7 ca!drals71 & #ghe mona/]ies4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,jewi%1 all religions are all[$ to be pr(ess$4 ,!re are m ?an #ab1jjj1jjj diss5t]s scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,empire4 ,! numb]s are3 ,or?odox ,greek1 #hg1chd1dhj2 ,diss5t]s1 #b1agc1gch2 ,roman ,ca?olic1 #aa1dbj1ibg2 ,prote/ants1 #c1gdc1bji2 o!r ,*ri/ians1 #a1bba1eaa2 ,mohamm$ans1 #ac1hhi1dba2 ,jews1 #e1ahi1dja2 & o!r religions1 #fde1ejc4 ,9 #aijc1 ! ,holy ,synod receiv$ #bh1chh1jdi r\bles f ! ,imp]ial budget1 besides o!r rev5ue & gifts4 ,! ,empire is divid$ into #ae educational di/ricts3 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,mosc[1 ,kasan1 ,or5burg1 ,kh>k(f1 ,odessa1 ,kief1 ,vilna1 ,w>saw1 ,riga1 ,caucasus1 ,turke/an1 ,we/ ,sib]ia1 ,ea/ ,sib]ia & ,amur4 ,9 "s ( ! prim>y village s*ools1 !re are s*ool-g>d5s1 :ile bee-keep+ & silk-worm culture1 z well z trades & h&iwork1 are taught4 ,9 #aijj1 ! ,m9i/]s contribut$ #ea1jfb1hdb r\bles = s*ools & univ]sities4 ,! univ]sities are 9 ,mosc[ 7#d1cdd /ud5ts 9 #aijb72 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7#c1gjh72 ,kief 7#b1caf72 ,kh>kov 7#a1cdj72 ,dorpat 7#a1gia72 ,w>saw 7#a1cab72 ,kasan 7#hbc72 ,odessa 7#a1aaf72 & ,tomsk 7#edi74 ,hels+=s1 ,f9l&1 _h #a1baa /ud5ts 9 #aijj-a4 ,s9ce #ahgd milit>y s]vice has be5 obligatory = all m5 f ! age ( #ba4 ,! p]iod ( s]vice 9 ,european ,russia is five ye>s 9 ! active army 7r$uc$ by furl\ghs to f\r7 #ac 9 ! ,zapas ^? :o h pass$ ?r\gh active s]vice & five ye>s 9 ! ,opol*5ie1 or res]ve2 9 ,asiatic ,russia1 sev5 ye>s 9 ! active army & six 9 ! ,zapas2 & 9 ,caucasia1 ?ree ye>s 9 ! active army & #ae 9 ! ,zapas4 ,! ,opol*5ie is a res]ve =ce ( drill$ conscripts4 ,! ,cossacks 7,don1 ,kuban ,t]ek1 ,a/rakhan1 ,or5burg1 ,ural1 ,sib]ia1 ,semiryet*5sk1 ,transbaikalia1 ,amur & ,usuri7 are divid$ 9 ?ree classes2 ! fir/ 9 active s]vice1 ! second on furl\gh ) _! arms & horses2 ! ?ird ) arms & )\t horses4 ,"s ( ! ,cossack cavalry s]ves ) ! regul> cavalry4 ,milit>y s]vice is also obligatory 9 ,f9l&4 ,! ,russian army consi/s ( #ca corps4 ,! l[e/ e/imate ( its peace /r5g? is ab\t #a1ajj1jjj ) #db1jjj (fic]s2 ! w> /r5g? ab\t #ge1jjj (fic]s1 #d1ejj1jjj m5 & #efb1jjj horses4 ,ow+ to its widely sep>at$ seas1 ! ,russian navy ma9ta9s f\r squadrons3 ! ,baltic1 ! ,black ,sea1 ! ,pacific & ! ,caspian4 ,cron/adt is ! *ief base ( ! ,baltic ,fleet2 ,seba/opol ( ! ,black ,sea2 & ,vladivo/ok & ,port ,ar?ur ( ! ,pacific4 ,! ,caspian fleet is comp>atively insignificant4 ,9 #aijc1 ! navy consi/$ ( #bf battle%ips1 #ad coa/ def5ce %ips1 #bd fir/-class cruis]s1 #ae second-class cruis]s1 #afa gunboats & torp$o craft4 ,! ocean %ipp+ ( ! ,russian ,empire is n relatively l>ge1 b its lake & riv] %ipp+ is v ext5sive4 ,9 #aijj1 ! sea-go+ m>9e consi/$ ( #b1bic sail+ vessels & #gde /eam]s4 ,! total l5g? ( railway op5 = traffic & travel on ,janu>y #a1 #aijc1 0 #ce1ccf miles 7n includ+ #a1gec miles 9 ,f9l&74 ,( ?is #d1ife miles 7 9 ,asiatic ,russia4 ,! legal unit ( money is ! silv] r\ble ( #ajj kopecks ( ! value ( #bs4 #a4f;d41 or ab\t fifty c5ts ( ,am]ican money4 ,! co9s call$ imp]ial & half-imp]ial conta9 #ae & #g-a_/b r\bles respectively4 ,!re are also cr$it notes ( #ajj1 #be1 #aj1 #e1 #c & #a r\ble4 ,russia's *ief s\rce ( rev5ue is ! liquor traffic4 ,h] *ief exports are spirits1 tall[1 wool1 t[1 bri/les1 timb]1 hides & sk9s1 gra91 raw & dress$ flax1 l9se$ & hemp4 ,h] pr9cipal imports are tea1 cotton & o!r colonial produce1 iron1 ma*9]y1 wool1 w9e1 fruits1 vegetables & oil4 ,russia is ! second l>ge/ ,european gr[] ( :eat4 ,hemp1 flax1 potatoes & tobacco are also rais$ 9 l>ge quantities4 ,b>ley1 buck:eat1 oats1 millet & rye =m ! /aple food ( ! inhabitants4 ,m9es ( great value exi/ 9 ! ,ural1 ,obdorsk & ,altai m\nta9s1 :i* produce gold1 copp]1 iron1 silv]1 plat9um1 rock-salt1 m>ble & kaol9 or *9a clay4 ,ri* naph?a spr+s exi/ on ! ,caspian & an imm5se b$ ( coal has be5 discov]$ betwe5 ! ,donetz & ,dniep] riv]s4 ,! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,f9l&1 :i* ,russia conqu]$ f ,sw$5 & f9ally annex$ 9 #ahjh1 _h a population 9 #ahih ( ab\t #b1eie1jjj 7#b1bcj1jjj ,f9ns2 #cej1jjj ,sw$es2 #ab1jjj ,russians2 #b1jjj ,g]mans2 & #a1jjj ,laps74 ,! *ief religion is ! ,lu!ran4 ,! capital is ,hels+=s ) a population ( #aaa1jjj1 includ+ ! ,russian g>rison4 ,! ,ts> ( ,russia is ! ,gr& ,duke2 ,lieut4-,g54 ,n4 ,bobrikov1 ! gov]nor-g5]al2 & ,v4 von ,plehwe1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,! ,diet1 convok$ tri5nially1 consi/s ( nobles1 cl]gy1 burgesses & peasants1 b ! c\ntry is *iefly gov]n$ by ! ,imp]ial ,f9ni% ,s5ate ( tw5ty-two memb]s4 ,! army consi/s ( n9e battalions ( ,f9ni% ,rifles 7#e1fjj m571 & "o regim5t ( dragoons 7#ijj m51 ) a res]ve ( #cj1jjj74 ,! *ief export is timb] & ! *ief indu/ry iron m9es4 ,9 #ahih1 ! m>9e compris$ #b1bih vessels ( #cbd1cdd tons4 ,bokh>a & ,khiva 9 ,c5tral ,asia are vassal /ates ( ,russia4 ,bokh>a1 b\nd$ on ! nor? by ,russian ,turke/an1 0 once ! mo/ fam\s /ate ( ,c5tral ,asia4 ,g5ghis ,khan took x f ! ,arabs 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 & x 0 tak5 by ! ,uzbegs1 fanatical ,sunni ,mahomm$ans ( ,turki% extraction1 9 #aeje4 ,aft] ! ,russian capture ( ,ta%k5d 9 #ahfe1 ! ,amir ,muzeff>$-d9 proclaim$ a holy w> aga9/ ! ,russians1 :o invad$ 8 prov9ce & captur$ ,sam>k& 9 #ahfh4 ,by a treaty ( #ahgc1 no =eign] may be admitt$ into ,bokh>a )\t a ,russian passport4 ,! population is e/imat$ at #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,amir ,sy$ ,abdul ,ahad succe$$ 9 #ahhe4 ,! ,uzbegs are /ill ! dom9ant race4 ,! religion is ,mahomm$an4 ,! *ief t[ns are ,bokh>a 7ab\t #ge1jjj7 & ,k>%i 7#be1jjj74 ,! *ief products are %eep1 goats1 camels1 horses1 rice1 cotton1 silk1 corn1 fruit1 hemp & tobacco4 ,gold1 salt1 alum & sulphur are ! *ief m9]als4 ,!re are cotton1 wooll5 & silk manufactur]s4 ,_m ,indian goods su* z %awls1 tea1 drugs1 indigo & musl9s are import$4 ,! ,amir has #aa1jjj troops1 #d1jjj ( :i* are qu>t]$ 9 ,bokh>a4 ,! ,russian ,trans-,caspian ,railway runs ?r\gh ,bokh>a & !re is /eam navigation on ! ,oxus4 ,a telegraph connects ,bokh>a ) ,ta%k5d4 ,! conque/ ( ,khiva1 ano!r ,uzbeg ,/ate also f\nd$ on ! ru9s ( ,tam]lane's ,c5tral ,asian ,empire1 0 attempt$ by ,pet] ! ,great 9 #agag & aga9 9 #ahci by ! ,ts> ,ni*olas4 ,on ! pretext t ! ,khivans _h aid$ ! rebelli\s ,kirghiz1 ! ,russians invad$ ,khiva 9 #ahgc & =c$ ! ,khan to sign a treaty putt+ ! ,khanate "u ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,! reign+ sov]eign is ,seyid ,mahom$ ,rahim ,khan :o succe$$ 8 fa!r 9 #ahfe4 ,he 0 born ab\t #ahde4 ,! population is e/imat$ at #hjj1jjj1 includ+ #djj1jjj nomad ,turcomans4 ,! pr9cipal t[ns are ,khiva 7ab\t #e1jjj7 & ,new ,urg5j 7#c1jjj74 ,! religion is ,mahomm$an4 ,! army consi/s ( ab\t #b1jjj m54 ,! *ief productions are silk & cotton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kalk/rasse ,,& ,,! ,,prom5ade1 ,,riga4 ,9 #ahih1 ,russia obta9$ a lease ( tw5ty-five ye>s f ,*9a ( ,po9t ,ar?ur & ,ta-li5-wan ) ! adjac5t seas & t]ritory to ! nor?4 ,to ?is ! "n ( ,kwang-,tung 0 giv5 9 #ahii4 ,port ,ar?ur1 ! capital1 is a naval /ation = ,russian & ,*9ese %ips4 ,at ! end ( ! port a new t[n1 ,dalni1 has be5 f\nd$2 x is connect$ by rail ) ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway sy/em4 ,russia's hi/ory 9 #aijc 0 m>k$ by g5]al disquietude & turbul5ce4 ,! disord]s among ! peasantry 9 #aijb l$ to a special committee be+ appo9t$ to inquire into & ameliorate _! condition & also to improve agriculture4 ,on ,m>* #aa1 #aijc1 ! ,ts> issu$ a manife/o promis+ re=m 9 ! gov]nm5t ( local t[ns & tol]ance 9 religion4 ,z little or no improvem5t 0 notic$1 /rike riots result$ 9 ,slat\/ 7,ufa7 & at ,nijni-,novgorod1 & riots also broke out 9 ! univ]sity ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,9 ,may1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,ufa 0 assass9at$4 ,to ^! di/urbances1 ! ,anti-,semitic outrages 7 enc\rag$ at ,ki%9eff 7,bess>abia7 :5 =ty-five ,jews 7 kill$1 #dhd injur$1 #gjj h\ses demoli%$1 & #fjj h\ses sack$4 ,/rike riots also broke out 9 ,s\? ,russia & ! ,caucasus1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! t[ns ( ,kief1 ,odessa1 ,baku1 ,ro/ov1 ,nikolaieff4 ,_m small] t[ns also suff]$ loss ( life4 ,milit>y troops 7 call$ out to quell ! riot]s4 ,! policy ( ,russification 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,f9l& z well z 9 ! m rec5t acquisitions4 ,! *ief int]e/1 h[ev]1 lay 9 ! ext5sion ( ,russia's diplomatic & milit>y policy 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ "u ,admiral ,alexeieff 7appo9t$ ,augu/ #ac1 #aijc74