,,the ,,brochure ,,series  ,,of         
,,architectural ,,illustration4   ,,vol4
 ,i4 ,,june1 #ahie4 ,no4 #f4            
,,renaissance ,,panels ,,from ,,perugia4
   ,the carved walnut panels from the   
choir stalls of the ,church of ,san     
,pietro de' ,casinense in ,perugia1     
designed by ,stefano da ,bergamo in     
#aece1 which are given as illustrations 
in this number1 are excellent examples  
of the ornament of the later period of  
the ,italian ,renaissance4 ,this form of
 ornament was first used in flat painted
 panels upon pilasters1 such as the     
well-known work of ,raphael in the      
,loggia of the ,vatican1 suggested by   
the ,roman work discovered in his time  
upon the ,palatine4 ,it was afterwards  
applied to all sorts of objects where   
rectangular spaces were to be decorated4
 ,its characteristics can hardly be     
better described than in the following  
extract from ,mr4 ,c4 ,howard ,walker's 
articles upon the ,study of ,decoration 
in ,the ,technology ,architectural      

,review3--  ,the motives on the         
pilasters were of two kinds3 the        
continuous scroll1 starting from a      
strong base leaf and rising in equal    
volutes1 with alternating direction to  
right and to left1 and filling the      
panel4 ,this motive needed always to be 
balanced by its opposite1 and was       
consequently seldom used4 ,it had its   
prototype in the magnificent scroll from
 the ,forum of ,trajan4 ,the other      
motive was that usually used1 and       
capable of infinite variety1 that of a  
central axis1 the ornament diverging    
from it symmetrically on either side4   
,this motive was borrowed from colored  
decorations on the ,roman walls4 ,it is 
a most difficult class of ornament to   
handle1 as so much depends upon relative
 distribution1 proportion1 and relief of
 modeling4 ,the motive usually starts at
 the bottom and grows continuously to   
the top1 with the base1 whether a mass  
of leafage1 a vase1 or other unit of    
ornament1 well defined and the crowning 

unit strong and rich4 ,the central axis 
can be actual or merely evidenced by the
 symmetry of the sides1 preferably      
actual4 ,to prevent an effect of        
absolute perpendicular division or of   
stringiness1 this axis1 between its base
 and crown1 is divided either by knots  
of ornament1 concentrated masses1 or    
horizontal motives4 ,in making these    
divisions the rules of cadence need to  
be carefully observed2 the divisions    
should be made equal in length1 or      
alternate1 or in sequence1 and the same 
method should be observed in the units  
of ornament marking the divisions4 ,in  
most cases there is more ground than    
ornament1 which always demands that the 
lines of the ornament should be most    
carefully studied1 and that the units   
used as terminals for these lines should
 be exactly disposed1 in relation to the
 axis1 to each other1 and to the border 
of the panel4 ,when one considers the   
number of factors which can enter into  
the composition of one of these panels1 

it can be readily conceived that their  
variety is wellnigh infinite2 absolute  
symmetry on either side of a central    
axis on which are threaded units of     
ornament1 and which starts from a mass  
of detail and terminates in a mass of   
detail2 systems of radial lines         
diverging from the central axis and     
terminating in centres of ornaments of  
greater or less size1 arranged in all   
sorts of groupings2 garlands1 pendants1 
and ribbons1 vases1 trophies1 shields1  
birds1 beasts1 and nondescript          
combinations1 foliage1 conventional and 
natural1 forms1 human and superhuman1   
all in varying scales1 all in surfaces  
undulating1 now rising into sharp relief
 with clear-cut edges1 now sinking and  
melting into the background2 and the    
whole so carefully balanced1 so exactly 
distributed1 that no portion should be  
too strong for another1 no detail but   
should be equally refined4 ,it is not an
 easy matter to succeed in a design of  
such requirements4  ,it is well into the

 latter part of the fifteenth century   
before this pilaster treatment is       
prevalent4 ,the ,quattrocento work      
contains much less of it than the       
,cinquecento4 ,the garlands and         
trophies1 lions' and bulls' heads1      
dolphins and griffins1 tridents and     
shells and rosettes1 and numberless     
familiar forms appear in a new guise2   
the new forms being1 for the most part1 
heraldic motives or town arms1 such as  
the fleur-de-lis of ,florence1 the      
,biscione or viper of ,milan1 and lions 
which are rampant1 a condition unknown  
to their classic prototypes4 ,shields1  
though used before1 have a new form1 and
 ribbons are developed into all sorts of
 knots and waving ends1 the loops having
 the same cadences in relative size as  
other decorative compound motives4      
,illustration3 ,,xli4 ,panel from the   
,choir ,stalls1 ,church of ,s4 ,pietro1 
,perugia1 ,italy4  ,illustration3       
,,xlii4 ,panel from the ,choir ,stalls1 
,church of ,s4 ,pietro1 ,perugia1       

,italy4  ,illustration3 ,,xliii4 ,panel 
from the ,choir ,stalls1 ,church of ,s4 
,pietro1 ,perugia1 ,italy4              
,illustration3 ,,xliv4 ,panel from the  
,choir ,stalls1 ,church of ,s4 ,pietro1 
,perugia1 ,italy4  ,illustration3 ,,xlv4
 ,panel from the ,choir ,stalls1 ,church
 of ,s4 ,pietro1 ,perugia1 ,italy4      
,illustration3 ,,xlvi4 ,panels from the 
,choir ,stalls1 ,church of ,s4 ,pietro1 
,perugia1 ,italy4  ,illustration3       
,,xlvii4 ,panels from the ,choir        
,stalls1 ,church of ,s4 ,pietro1        
,perugia1 ,italy4   ,,xli to ,,xlvii4   
,,panels ,,from ,,the ,,choir ,,stalls1 
,,church ,,of ,s4 ,,pietro1 ,,perugia1  
,,italy4  ,the principles governing the 
design of these panels so well explained
 in the foregoing quotation can all be  
seen exemplified in the plates4 ,they   
are all built upon a central axis1 and  
the proportion and distribution of the  
various motives most carefully studied  
and beautifully carried out4 ,although  
all are shorter than the usual pilaster1

 the design is exactly similar to that  
usually employed for this purpose4 ,even
 the horizontal panels in plates ,,xlvi 
and ,,xlvii follow precisely the same   
rules of design4     ,illustration3     
,,xlviii4 ,panel from the ,chamber of   
,commerce1 ,perugia1 ,italy4   ,,xlviii4
  ,,panel ,,from ,,the ,,chamber ,,of   
,,commerce1 ,,perugia1 ,,italy4  ,this  
panel1 although from a different        
building1 is so similar in treatment to 
the ones in the ,church of ,s4 ,pietro  
that it can be classed with them1 and   
all that has been said of them applies  
as well to this4     ,architectural     
,schools4   ,it is not many years since 
there was but one school in ,america to 
which a young man could go with the     
expectation of getting instruction in   
architecture1 or at least where a       
special course of training was laid out 
for this purpose4 ,at present there are 
six well-equipped architectural schools 
connected with as many colleges1 each   
with its own corps of instructors and   

each presenting special advantages to   
students4 ,in addition to these         
principal institutions there are a      
number of others in which instruction in
 architecture is given1 either          
independently or in connection with     
other courses4 ,to a young man intending
 to take up the study of architecture   
this array of opportunities may not     
appear in exactly the light of an       
embarrassment of riches1 but it         
furnishes a wide field from which to    
choose1 and it may not be an easy matter
 to determine which under the special   
circumstances connected with each case  
presents the greatest advantages4 ,for  
this reason a general statement of the  
main features and practical equipment of
 the principal schools may be of service
 in enabling intending students to      
choose intelligently among them4        
,,mass4 ,,institute ,,of ,,technology4  
,the oldest1 the most thoroughly        
appointed1 and largest architectural    
school in the country is the ,department

 of ,architecture at the ,massachusetts 
,institute of ,technology in ,boston4   
,it is in charge of ,professor ,francis 
,w4 ,chandler1 with a corps of ten      
professors1 assistants1 and special     
lecturers4 ,the regular course consists 
of four years' study4 ,special students 
are admitted after satisfying the       
faculty by examination or otherwise that
 they are proficient in the preparatory 
studies required and are qualified to   
pursue to advantage the special work    
chosen4  ,the instruction in this       
department comprises the study of       
construction and materials1 the study of
 building processes1 and of professional
 practice1 as well as that of           
composition and design1 and of the      
history of architecture4 ,it is arranged
 to meet the wants both of those who    
commence their professional studies at  
the beginning1 and to some extent of    
experienced draughtsmen who desire to   
make up deficiencies in their training1 
or to qualify themselves for undertaking

 the responsibilities of practice4  ,the
 more strictly professional work begins 
with the study of the five orders and   
their applications1 and of architectural
 history4 ,during each year there is    
regular instruction in freehand drawing1
 the last year being from life4 ,there  
is also a special class in pen-and-ink  
drawing under ,mr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,gregg4      
,instruction is given in watercolor     
drawing by ,mr4 ,ross ,turner4 ,the     
students are familiarized with the      
material elements of their future work  
by a course in practical construction1  
illustrated by lectures1 problems1 and  
by visits to buildings4 ,the subject of 
specifications and contracts is         
discussed4 ,problems in construction of 
all kinds are given1 to fix in the      
memory the principles already learned4  
,for two and one-half years the students
 are continually engaged upon           
architectural design under the charge of
 ,professor ,despradelle and ,mr4 ,s4   
,w4 ,mead4 ,each student's work is      

examined and criticized before the      
classes by a jury from the ,boston      
,society of ,architects4  ,the ,boston  
,society of ,architects has established 
two prizes of the value of fifty dollars
 each in books for students who at the  
end of the year exhibit the best work4  
,several thousand photographs1 prints1  
drawings1 and casts were originally     
collected for the ,department by means  
of a special fund raised for the        
purpose4 ,to these collections large    
additions have been made1 at first      
mostly by gifts1 but later by regular   
appropriations4 ,models and             
illustrations of architectural detail   
and materials are arranged in the rooms 
of the department4 ,the chief part of   
the collection of casts of architectural
 sculpture and detail belonging to the  
department has been deposited in the    
,museum of ,fine ,arts1 together with   
the architectural collection belonging  
to the museum4 ,the students of the     
,department have free access to the     

museum at all times2 as the building is 
close at hand no inconvenience results  
from the change1 and some of the        
advanced exercises in drawing are held  
there4 ,the museum of sanitary and      
building appliances contains models of  
plumbing apparatus1 specimens of metal  
work1 tile work1 glass work1 and wood   
work1 partly purchased1 but mostly      
deposited with the ,department by the   
manufacturers4 ,the architectural       
library contains a large and carefully  
selected collection of technical works  
and the leading periodicals1 both       
,american and foreign4 ,the resources of
 the ,department have been much enlarged
 by the erection of a special building  
devoted entirely to its uses4  ,in #ahid
 a summer school of architecture was    
held in ,salem and ,portsmouth for the  
study of colonial work4 ,the courtesy of
 owners of houses built at this epoch   
allowed the students to measure and     
sketch the best work of this interesting
 locality1 and in the future it is      

proposed to make an exhaustive study of 
colonial architecture4  ,both men and   
women are admitted to all departments of
 the ,institute4 ,candidates for        
admission must be at least seventeen    
years of age1 and must pass satisfactory
 examinations in algebra1 plane         
geometry1 either ,french or ,german1    
,english1 history1 and either advanced  
algebra or solid geometry4 ,a detailed  
account of these requirements and the   
general conditions of the entrance      
examinations1 which are held the last of
 ,june and middle of ,september1 can be 
found in the catalogue of the           
,institute1 which will be sent upon     
application by the secretary4 ,the      
tuition fee is #bjj4jj a year divided   
into two payments1 #abe4jj due in       
,october and #ge4jj due in ,january4    
,during a number of years a special     
course of two years was maintained in   
the school1 which attracted many        
students who did not find it possible to
 spend the time required for the full   

course of four years4 ,this arrangement 
has now been discontinued and no special
 provision is at present made for other 
than regular students4  ,the ,institute 
has from the beginning modeled its      
instruction very largely upon that of   
the ,ecole des ,beaux-,arts1 and has    
ranked until the last few years as the  
only ,american school in which a        
thorough academic training in           
architectural design was attempted4 ,its
 professors of design ,professor ,e4    
,letang1 who died in #ahib1 and         
,professor ,d4 ,despradelle1 both       
,frenchmen1 have devoted their whole    
time to this branch of instruction1 and 
have maintained a standard which until  
recently other schools have not         
approached4  ,although the graduates    
from the full four years' course are    
comparatively few1 no other school can  
count so many of its former students in 
prominent positions in the profession1  
and the ,institute is deservedly proud  
of its record in this direction4        

,the ,brochure ,series  of              
,architectural ,illustration4           
,,published ,,monthly ,,by  ,,bates     
,,guild1  #f ,,beacon ,,street1         
,,boston1 ,,mass4   ,subscription ,rates
 per year #ej cents1 in advance ,special
 ,club ,rates for five subscriptions    
#b4jj  ,entered at the ,boston ,post    
,office as ,second-class ,matter4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,until the present year no ,american    
student of architecture has ever been   
honored with the diploma of the ,paris  
,ecole des ,beaux-,arts1 but on ,june   
#ad the degree of the school was        
conferred on three ,americans--,messrs4 
,j4 ,van ,pelt1 ,j4 ,h4 ,friedlander1   
and ,d4 ,hale4 ,the first diplomas were 
awarded in #ahfi1 before that date there
 being no official recognition of the   
completion of any required course in the
 school1 except the awards in the       
various concours1 all leading up to the 
,grand ,prize of ,rome4  ,there are a   
number of ,americans now in ,paris who  

intend to present theses for the        
diploma1 and doubtless other awards will
 follow those already made4 ,any present
 or former student of the school who has
 reached the required standard in his   
work is allowed to submit a thesis in   
competition for the diploma4  ,at the   
entrance examination of the ,ecole this 
year sixteen ,american students of      
architecture were received4 ,last year  
there were but eight1 which up to that  
time was the largest number recorded4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,chicago ,architectural ,club has  
given evidence this year of very great  
activity1 and its work has been directed
 in many channels and with good effect4 
,its lectures1 classes1 competitions1   
smokers1 ,bohemian nights1 receptions1  
ladies' nights1 expeditions to places of
 interest1 and finally its exhibition of
 last month have all been excellently   
chosen to instruct1 interest1 and amuse 
its members1 and incidentally promote   
the general cause of architectural      

education4 ,the long list of attractions
 has held the interest of its members   
without flagging4 ,in the classwork it  
has had the services and advice of the  
best and most competent men connected   
with the profession2 and in all         
directions it is to be congratulated    
upon the good work done4     ,books4    
sthetic ,principles3 ,by ,henry ,rutgers
 ,marshall1 ,m4 ,a4 ,macmillan  ,co4    
#ahie4 #bja pages4 #a4be4  ,probably    
many readers of ,,the ,,brochure        
,,series have struggled as has the      
writer 7and possibly some are still in  
an unsettled state of mind in           
consequence7 over the abstruseness of   
the current works upon the philosophy of
 art1 trying to find some obscure       
foundation on which to build for        
themselves a theory of sthetics4 ,to    
such1 and to all others who have any    
wish to reason connectedly on art       
matters1 ,mr4 ,marshall's little book   
will be interesting and instructive     
reading4 ,it is remarkably clear and    

understandable even to a reader with no 
special training in metaphysical        
reasoning1 and in point of literary     
style and carefully considered use of   
language it is a genuine treat4 ,its    
object is to explain1 in as direct and  
simple language as possible1 the nature 
and origin of our ideas of the          
beautiful1 and the logical deduction to 
be made from the premises1 which will   
guide us in the practice of the fine    
arts1 or the production of beauty of    
some special type4  ,as ,mr4 ,marshall  
is an architect1 many of his            
illustrative examples are drawn from    
architecture1 and the book on this      
account is especially interesting to    
architects4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,rational ,building3
 ,being a translation of the article    
,construction in the ,dictionnaire      
,raisonn de l',architecture ,franaise of
 ,m4 ,eugne-,emmanuel ,viollet-le-,duc4 
,by ,george ,martin ,huss1 ,architect4  
,new ,york3 ,macmillan  ,co4 #ahie4 #cfg

 pages4 ,illustrated4 #c4jj4  ,this     
book1 although confined entirely to the 
consideration of the ,french ,gothic1   
will be found of great value to         
students4 ,many of our readers are of   
course familiar with it in its original 
form1 while others may have followed the
 translation as it has appeared from    
time to time in the pages of the        
,american ,architect4  ,it will be      
mainly useful from its historical and   
theoretical bearing1 as all that is here
 included which is of practical value   
for application to modern uses can be   
found elsewhere in more available shape4
 ,the illustrations form a most         
important feature in the usefulness of  
the book4 ,the remarkable diagrammatic  
drawings of ,viollet-le-,duc are famous 
for their clearness and the amount of   
information which they convey4  ,the    
table of contents includes the following
 headings3 ,discussion of ,general      
,conditions and ,principles2 ,roman and 
,romanesque ,vaults2 ,origin of the     

,pointed ,arch2 ,development of         
,principles2 ,vaults2 ,materials2       
,thirteenth ,century ,developments2     
,civil and ,military ,construction4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,catalogue of the ,premiated ,drawings  
of the ,department of ,architecture1    
,massachusetts ,institute of            
,technology1 #ahie4 ,published by the   
,architectural ,society4 ,forty-four    
illustrations4  ,the work of the        
,department of ,architecture at the     
,massachusetts ,institute of ,technology
 is without doubt the most fully        
developed students' work in architecture
 now done in this country1 and the      
drawings shown in this catalogue1 giving
 a selection of the best designs from   
the year's work just finished1 do credit
 alike to the system followed at the    
school1 the fidelity of the instructors1
 and the earnestness and talent of the  
students4 ,the premiated designs in the 
competitions of the ,society of         
,beaux-,arts ,architects made in the    

course of regular school work are       
reproduced in this catalogue1 and also  
the first-mentioned designs in the      
regular monthly problems forming the    
drill in design of the school4 ,the     
program for the latter is given in each 
case4 ,these problems make up a graded  
series of considerable interest1 and are
 worth careful study and comparison4    
,building ,exhibit4   ,the many recent  
developments in the building arts have  
rendered it practically impossible for  
those not directly connected with them  
to keep informed of the latest and most 
improved methods of construction1 or1 in
 fact1 to easily obtain information when
 desired4 ,to architects1 whose business
 it is to be familiar with the best and 
most economical method of solving any   
building problem1 it is often difficult 
to find the information desired1 as the 
field is so wide and the inventions and 
improvements multiply so rapidly4 ,to   
meet the requirements of intending      
builders1 as well as architects1        

permanent exhibits of building materials
 have been established in several of the
 principal cities of the ,united        
,states1 where it is possible to see    
specimens of the actual materials1      
appliances1 and latest inventions used  
in modern construction4 ,there are such 
exhibits in ,chicago1 ,philadelphia1    
,new ,york1 and ,brooklyn2 and all are  
proving indispensable in their special  
fields4  ,the ,chicago exhibit1 known as
 the ,institute of ,building ,arts1     
located at from #fc to #fi ,washington  
,street1 is owned and managed directly  
by the ,illinois ,chapter of the        
,american ,institute of ,architects1 and
 has been controlled in this way for the
 past five years4  ,it was established  
for the purpose of centralizing         
information relating to buildings1 and  
collecting in a permanent exhibition all
 materials1 appliances1 or inventions of
 a practical or ornamental character4   
,its advantages are3 ,first1            
educational1 by placing before the      

interested public an aggregation of     
building intelligence in the form of    
exhibits of the actual materials1       
appliances1 and inventions employed in  
modern construction4 ,second1 that in   
the fact of such centralization of      
materials1 a vast amount of time is     
saved to the public concerned in        
building interests4 ,for those who      
desire to build1 information is not only
 gained regarding a large variety of    
improvements1 but obtained in a minimum 
quantity of time4  ,the ,institute of   
,building ,arts is free to the visiting 
public1 who are welcome to all its      
advantages of information and to the    
inspection of the numerous exhibits it  
contains4 ,it furnishes gratuitously1 to
 any one who may inquire1 information   
relating to building improvements4 ,it  
maintains a series of tests of          
materials1 the results of which may be  
obtained by anyone asking for them4     
,courses of lectures given by skilful   
specialists instructive in the many     

sciences and arts of ,architecture are  
given under its auspices4  ,the         
management of the ,institute is strictly
 impartial as to the merits of the      
exhibits1 having no financial interest  
in any sale4 ,the purchaser has perfect 
liberty to examine the exhibits and     
negotiate with any exhibitor4 ,it is the
 duty of the management to protect each 
and every display from any impositions  
or trespasses on their several rights1  
and to explain to any inquirer the      
qualities and merits of the material or 
invention1 as claimed by the exhibitor1 
but to give no individual expression of 
views for or against any exhibit4 ,the  
examiners are to be left perfectly free 
to judge and accept from their own      
standpoint4  ,the important work of the 
,institution has made of it a central   
point of great interest to all connected
 with or interested in architecture and 
its kindred arts1 and those who are     
identified with the work will not fail  
to be amply repaid for their interest or

 their labor in its upbuilding4  ,it    
became necessary a year ago to increase 
the floor space1 and nearly one half as 
much more space was secured and the     
rooms are crowded with beautiful and    
instructive exhibits4 ,the ,illinois    
,chapter1 ,a4 ,i4 ,a41 has fitted up a  
fine library and meeting-room in the    
,institute1 which it throws open to the 
interested public1 who find the many    
pictures and books therein a great      
enjoyment and benefit4  ,the other      
exhibits above referred to are strictly 
commercial in character1 and conducted  
in the interests of the exhibitors1 and 
consequently may not command the        
prestige possessed by the ,chicago      
,institute4 ,nevertheless they are      
important educational factors in their  
special localities and are a great      
convenience to all connected with the   
building trades4 ,every large commercial
 centre should be thus supplied4 ,the   
success of those already established    
will doubtless lead to the early        

establishment of others4 ,architects and
 manufacturers both need only to observe
 the workings of any of the exhibits    
which we have mentioned to be convinced 
of their great practical value1 and each
 individual will be enhancing his own   
interest while contributing to the      
success of all the others concerned by  
lending whatever assistance he can to   
this most praiseworthy enterprise4      
,notes4   ,an architect cannot work to  
the best advantage without the best and 
most convenient appliances4 ,it is true 
that sometimes the cleverest and most   
skilful draughtsmen appear least        
concerned about their instruments and   
materials1 and often produce work       
showing wonderful dexterity and mastery 
of technique with the most imperfect    
working materials4 ,but this is         
exceptional4 ,after years of study and  
practice one may be able to produce with
 the sharpened end of a match1 or with a
 toothpick1 drawings which it would tax 
the skill of an ordinary draughtsman to 

approach with the best brushes and      
colors1 but it is easy to see that this 
is no argument why the latest and most  
improved methods should not be employed4
  ,illustration  ,most architects still 
hold to the old-fashioned drawing boards
 supported upon trestles1 and mostly    
from the simple inertia of custom4 ,the 
improved ,morse ,universal ,drawing     
,table1 which is made in all sizes1 with
 a single or double support1 is conceded
 to be more convenient and ship-shape in
 all respects than the ordinary drawing 
board1 and is only slightly more        
expensive in its first cost4 ,the size  
which is shown in the accompanying      
illustration which has a board #cjx#cf  
inches1 costs only #ae and is by far the
 cheapest and best device of its kind   
that we have seen4 ,all of these tables 
are made to fold so as to occupy as     
little space as possible when not in    
use2 will revolve or incline at any     
angle1 and independently of the         
attachments below4 ,they are built of   

the best materials 7iron1 brass1 and    
wood7 and are finely finished4 ,the     
board can be made of either polished    
chestnut or unfinished pine if desired1 
and various additional attachments can  
be had for further convenience4         
,architects and draughtsmen will be     
surprised to find what a saving can be  
made in time and trouble by the use of  
this most essential article of          
furniture1 as well as the remarkably low
 price at which it can be bought4  ,many
 other articles of furniture which are  
necessary for the proper equipment of an
 architect's office are also            
manufactured by the ,morse ,machine     
,company of ,rochester1 such as cabinets
 of various descriptions1 desks1 special
 drawing boards with a steel edge 7a    
sine qua non for the production of fine1
 accurate drawings71 and special        
furniture of all descriptions4          
,architects will find it greatly to     
their profit1 both in money and saving  
of trouble1 to take advantage of the    

experience and facilities for           
manufacturing the best goods furnished  
by this company4  ,there are very few   
manufacturers of sanitary goods that    
keep up with the ,dalton-,ingersoll     
,company in genuine improvements and    
novelties4 ,scarcely a month passes     
without something in the way of         
improvement emanating from this house2  
and the remarkable thing is the care and
 attention bestowed upon the minutest   
details1 nothing about a sanitary       
fixture being considered too            
insignificant to command their best     
inventive genius4 ,their monthly        
announcement preceding our frontispiece 
is worth watching4  ,the palatial       
,jefferson ,hotel at ,richmond1 ,va41 of
 which ,carrre  ,hastings are the       
architects1 is built of a very fine     
white clay brick manufactured by the    
,powhatan ,clay ,manufacturing ,company 
of ,richmond4 ,the strong point of this 
particular brick is that it is made of a
 natural white clay1 and is not subject 

to the discoloration of some bricks made
 by artificially whitening the clay4    
,the great success of the ,giant ,metal 
,sash ,chain made by the ,smith  ,egge  
,manufacturing ,company1 has of course  
led to imitation and infringement of    
their patented methods of manufacture4  
,nothing is saved by specifying cheaper 
goods1 for there really are no cheaper  
goods than the best2 and when heavy     
sashes are to be hung ,giant metal chain
 is the proper specification4  ,the     
expense of getting up a working model1  
bronze finish sash lock mounted on a    
base1 for a paper weight1 and sending   
this free to any architect who desires  
one would deter most manufacturers from 
taking this method of advertising4 ,but 
the ,ives ,lock is such a good thing    
that it well repays pushing4 ,the model 
works so perfectly and is so simple and 
durable in construction that its        
introduction to architects throughout   
the country1 occupying a prominent place
 on their desks1 is securing the almost 

universal specification of the lock4    
,architects who haven't one of these    
paper weights will be well repaid for   
asking ,hobart ,b4 ,ives  ,co4 of ,new  
,haven1 ,conn41 to send them one4 ,in   
this connection let us add that this    
lock secured the medal and highest award
 at the ,columbian ,exposition4         
,personal4   ,among the ,americans who  
will return from abroad this summer are3
 ,mr4 ,walter ,h4 ,kilham1 the holder of
 the ,rotch ,scholarship1 who has now   
been abroad two years2 ,mr4 ,f4 ,e4     
,perkins1 who has been abroad three     
years2 and ,mr4 ,w4 ,atherton1--all of  
,boston4 ,messrs4 ,d4 ,hale1 ,w4 ,w4    
,knowles1 ,g4 ,o4 ,totten1 ,laflin1 and 
,ramond1 of ,new ,york1 and ,mr4 ,a4 ,d4
 ,koch1 of ,milwaukee1 also return this 
summer4  ,mr4 ,j4 ,greenleaf ,thorp     
announces his removal to the ,constable 
,building1 #aaa ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new    
,york4  ,in bringing the affairs of the 
,architect ,department of the city of   
,boston to a final settlement pending   

its abolishment on ,july #a1 ,mr4 ,edw4 
,h4 ,hoyt has been acting as ,city      
,architect ,wheelwright's assistant1 in 
place of ,mr4 ,matthew ,sullivan1 now   
abroad1 who has most acceptably filled  
that position during the whole of ,mr4  
,wheelwright's term of office4 ,in      
future the work of the city will be     
distributed among private architects4   
,mr4 ,frank ,e4 ,wallis has gone into   
partnership with ,frank ,e4 ,freeman1   
and opened an office on ,west ,twentieth
 ,street1 ,new ,york ,city4  ,mr4       
,harold ,magonigle1 the ,rotch scholar  
who has now been abroad a year1 has     
during the last few months been doing   
important work in the way of measuring  
and drawing ,roman and ,renaissance     
monuments in and near ,rome4 ,some of   
his later drawings will presently be    
published in ,the ,architectural        
,review4     ,,notice ,,to ,,advertisers
     ,the letter below was written      
after a three months'   trial           
advertisement                           

,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 ,july #bg1 #ahie4  
,,bates  ,,guild1          #f ,beacon   
,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4       ,dear    
,sirs3 ,yours of the #bfth received4 ,in
 reply will say that we      desire our 
advertisement to continue in the        
,brochure ,series1 and      will state  
that this advertisement has given us    
better returns than      any other we   
are carrying4 ,we think that a magazine 
similar to      yours is very much      
better than a trade journal1 because the
      ,brochure ,series will be         
preserved1 and will therefore be        
permanent4       ,we were tempted       
recently to put an advertisement in the 
,architectural ,review on account of the
 good results received from      the    
,brochure ,series4 ,please send us the  
bill for our account for      the first 
quarter1 so that we can have it audited 
and send you a      check4              
,very truly yours1       ,dic4 ,w4 ,f4  
,m4                                     
,,morse ,,machine ,,co4    ,the         

advertisement which   brought these     
results           is on page ,,xv    ,it
 costs #gb4jj a year