---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,disclaim] ,! articles publi%$ 9 ! ,annual ,reports ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association are ! f9d+s & ?\ghts solely ( ! au?ors & are n to be con/ru$ z an endorsem5t by ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 its bo>d ( directors1 or its memb]s4 ,no endorsem5t is int5d$ = products m5tion$1 nor is criticism meant = products n m5tion$4 ,! laws & recomm5dations = pe/icide application may h *ang$ s9ce ! articles 7 writt54 ,x is always ! pe/icide applicator's responsibility1 by law1 to read & foll[ all curr5t label directions = ! specific pe/icide be+ us$4 ,! discussion ( specific nut tree cultiv>s & ( specific te*niques to gr[ nut trees t might h be5 successful 9 "o area & at a p>ticul> "t is n a gu>antee t simil> results w occur else:]e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,t5? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,battle ,,creek1 ,,mi*igan ,,decemb] #i ,,& #aj1 #aiai ,,cont5ts ,page ,(fic]s & ,committees ( ! ,association #d ,memb]s ( ! ,association #e ,con/itution & ,by-,laws #i ,proce$+s ( ! ,t5? ,annual ,conv5tion #aa ,presid5t's ,address1 ,mr ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,indiana #aa ,report ( ! ,secret>y-,treasur] #ad ,bus9ess ,sessions #ae1 #acc ,! ,f>ms by ! ,side ( ! ,road1 ,mat!w ,h5ry ,hoov]1 ,new ,york #bc ,native ,nut ,tree ,plantations 9 ,mi*igan1 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,k4 ,*itt5d51 ,mi*igan #cc ,pecans ,o!r ,?an ,^? ( ! ,well ,kn[n ,sections1 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,p5nsylvania #dd ,hazel ,nuts & ,filb]ts1 ,conrad ,voll]ts51 ,new ,york #ec ,disease ,resi/ance 9 ! ,am]ican ,*e/nut1 ,ar?ur ,h4 ,graves1 ,connecticut #fj ,notes on ! ,hickories1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york #fh ,! ,nutritive ,value ( ,nuts1 ,f4 ,a4 ,cajorie1 ,connecticut #hj ,nut ,trees & ,bu%es 9 ,l&scape ,"w1 ,o4 ,c4 ,simonds1 ,ill9ois #hh ,nut ,culture 9 ,mi*igan1 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 #ih ,nut ,trees = ,highways & ,public ,places1 ,hon4 ,william ,s4 ,l9ton1 ,mi*igan #ajh ,legislation ,reg>d+ ! ,plant+ ( ,nut & ,o!r ,food ,produc+ ,trees1 ,s5ator ,h>vey ,a4 ,p5ney1 ,mi*igan #aab ,mi*igan ,law ,reg>d+ ,roadside ,plant+ ( ,nut ,trees #aaf ,! ,soy ,bean1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,kellogg1 ,mi*igan #aah ,judg+ ,nuts1 ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,new ,york #abb ,! #aiai ,nut ,conte/1 ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,new ,york #adf ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,association ,presid5t ,w4 ,s4 ,,l9ton ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan ,vice-,presid5t ,,james ,s4 ,,mcgl5non ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york ,secret>y & ,treasur] ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby ,baldw91 ,nassau ,co41 ,new ,york ,act+ ,secret>y ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,wilton1 ,connecticut ,,committees ,audit+--,c4 ,p4 ,,close1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$ ,executive--,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$ ,,& ,,! ,,(fic]s ,f$]al ,aid--,j4 ,m4 ,,patt]son1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,j4 ,s4 ,,mcgl5non ,f9ance--,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,hybrids--,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,c4 ,p4 ,,close1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,j4 ,g4 ,,ru% ,memb]%ip--,,h>ry ,r4 ,,web]1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,olcott1 ,f4 ,n4 ,,fagan4 ,w4 ,o4 ,,pott]1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi? ,nom5clature--,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones ,press & ,publication--,,ralph ,t4 ,,olcott1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,programme--,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris ,promis+ ,se$l+s--,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones ,,/ate ,,vice-,,presid5ts ,cali=nia ,t4 ,c4 ,tuck] #caa ,cali=nia ,/41 ,san ,francisco ,canada ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan #ag ,ru%olme ,p>k ,cresc5t1 ,toronto ,connecticut ,h5ry ,l]oy ,lewis ,/rat=d ,georgia ,j4 ,b4 ,wight ,cairo ,ill9ois ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ,godfrey ,indiana ,m4 ,p4 ,re$ ,v9c5nes ,m>yl& ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,college ,p>k ,massa*usetts ,james ,h4 ,b[dit* #ijc ,tremont ,build+1 ,bo/on ,mi*igan ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,kellogg ,battle ,creek ,miss\ri ,p4 ,c4 ,/>k ,l\isiana ,new ,j]sey ,c4 ,s4 ,ridgway ,lumb]ton ,new ,york ,m4 ,e4 ,wile #cg ,calumet ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,ohio ,h>ry ,r4 ,web] #fja ,g]ke ,build+1 ,c9c9nati ,p5nsylvania ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,we/ ,will[ ,texas ,r4 ,s4 ,trumbull ,m4 ,s4 ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 ,el ,paso ,we/ ,virg9ia ,b4 ,f4 ,h>tzell ,%eph]d/[n ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,arkansas 99 ,drake1 ,pr(4 ,n4 ,f41 ,univ]sity ( ,arkansas1 ,fayetteville ,,cali=nia ,cress1 ,b4 ,e41 ,teha*api ,tuck]1 ,t4 ,c1 ,manag] ,cali=nia ,almond ,gr[]s ,ex*ange1 #caa ,cali=nia ,/41 ,san ,francisco ,,canada ,corsan1 ,g4 ,h41 #ag ,ru%olme ,p>k ,cresc5t1 ,toronto ,sag]1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,s41 ,brant=d ,,connecticut ,b>r[s1 ,paul ,m41 ,may ,apple ,f>m1 ,high ,ridge1 ,/am=d ,b>tlett1 ,francis ,a41 ,/am=d ,dem+1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c1 ,wilton ,filley1 ,w4 ,o41 ,/ate ,=e/]1 ,draw] #a1 ,new ,hav5 ,glov]1 ,james ,l41 ,%elton1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #g ,hung]=d1 ,newman1 ,torr+ton1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #b1 ,box #gf ,ives1 ,erne/ ,m41 ,/]l+ ,or*>ds1 ,m]id5 ,lewis1 ,h5ry ,l]oy1 ,/rat=d ,mc,glashan1 ,ar*ibald1 ,k5t 99 ,morris1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t41 ,cos ,cob1 ,r\te #bh1 ,box #ie ,pom]oy1 ,eleaz]1 #abj ,bloomfield ,ave41 ,w9dsor ,sessions1 ,alb]t ,l41 #be ,bellevue ,ave41 ,bri/ol ,s\?wor?1 ,george ,e41 ,mil=d1 ,box #agb ,/aunton1 ,gray1 #ih ,p>k ,/41 ,new ,hav5 ,:ite1 ,g]r>d1 ,nor? ,granby ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,close1 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p41 ,pomologi/1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,fo/]1 ,b4 ,g41 #ijb ,g ,/reet1 ,n4 ,w4 ,wa%+ton 99 ,littlepage1 ,t4 ,p41 ,union ,tru/ ,build+1 ,wa%+ton ,re$1 ,c4 ,a41 ,nut ,culturi/1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,taylor1 ,dr4 ,lewis ,h41 ,! ,cecil1 ,wa%+ton 9999 ,van ,fleet1 ,walt]1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,,engl& ,sp5ce1 ,h[>d1 ,eskdale1 ,knuts=d1 ,*e%ire ,,georgia ,bull>d1 ,william ,p41 ,albany ,van ,duzee1 ,c4 ,a41 ,judson ,or*>d ,f>m1 ,cairo ,wight1 ,j4 ,b41 ,cairo ,,ill9ois ,casp]1 ,o4 ,h41 ,anna ,libr>ian1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 ,urbana ,poll1 ,c>l ,j41 #ajji ,maple ,/41 ,danville ,pott]1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,o41 ,m>ion ,riehl1 ,e4 ,a41 ,godfrey1 ,r\te #b ,uran1 ,b4 ,f41 ,mattoon ,,indiana ,cra91 ,donald ,j41 #acac ,nor? ,/41 ,logansport ,re$1 ,m4 ,p41 ,v9c5nes ,re$1 ,w4 ,c41 ,v9c5nes ,simpson1 ,h4 ,d41 ,v9c5nes ,/ad]man1 ,a4 ,l41 #abj ,s4 ,sev5? ,/41 ,t]re ,haute ,wilk9son1 ,j4 ,f41 ,rockport ,,i[a ,snyd]1 ,d4 ,c41 ,c5t] ,po9t 7,l9n ,co4 ,nurs]ies7 ,,kansas ,%>pe1 ,james1 ,c\ncil ,grove1 7,morris ,co4 ,nurs]ies7 ,,k5tucky ,bak]1 ,sam ,c41 ,beav] ,dam1 ,r4 ,d4 #b ,liv5good1 ,frank ,m41 ,b]ea ,,m>yl& ,hoopes1 ,wilm] ,p41 ,=e/ ,hill ,ke5an1 ,dr4 ,john ,f41 ,br5twood ,littlepage1 ,miss ,l\ise1 ,b[ie ,,massa*usetts 99 ,b[dit*1 ,james ,h41 #ijc ,tremont ,build+1 ,bo/on ,cleav]1 ,c4 ,l]oy1 #dif ,commonweal? ,ave41 ,bo/on ,,mi*igan ,h\se1 ,george ,w41 ,=d ,build+1 ,detroit ,kellogg1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h41 #bjb ,man*e/] ,/41 ,battle ,creek ,l9ton1 ,w4 ,s41 ,presid5t ,bo>d ( ,trade ,sag9aw ,mc,kale1 ,h4 ,b41 ,lans+1 ,r\te #f ,s*ram1 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,e41 ,galesburg1 ,box #ffb ,,miss\ri ,mosnat1 ,h4 ,r41 #chhc ,ea/ #fb ,/41 ,kansas ,city ,/>k1 ,p4 ,c41 ,l\isiana ,w>d1 ,miss ,daisy1 #bjai ,all5 ,ave41 ,/4 ,l\is ,,nebraska ,caha1 ,wm41 ,wahoo ,,nevada ,sw+le1 ,c4 ,g41 ,haz5 ,,new ,,j]sey 99 ,jaques1 ,lee ,w41 #gd ,wav]ly ,/41 ,j]sey ,city ,heights ,l&mann1 ,miss ,m4 ,v41 ,cranbury1 ,r4 ,d4 #b ,m>/on1 ,edw9 ,s41 ,florham ,p>k1 ,box #gb ,price1 ,john ,r41 #cf ,ridg$ale ,ave41 ,madison ,ridgeway1 ,c4 ,s41 ,floralia1 ,lumb]ton ,,new ,,york ,abbott1 ,fr$]ick ,b41 #dai ,n9? ,/reet1 ,brooklyn ,a%wor?1 ,fr$ ,l41 ,heuvelton ,atwat]1 ,c4 ,g41 ,! ,b>rett ,co41 #ag ,batt]y ,place1 ,new ,york ,city ,bixby1 ,will>d ,g41 #cb ,gr& ,ave41 ,baldw91 ,nassau ,co4 ,br[n1 ,ronald ,j41 #cbj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,bui/1 ,dr4 ,george ,j41 #b ,hancock ,/41 ,brooklyn ,crane1 ,alfr$ ,j41 ,monroe1 ,box #cdb ,ellwang]1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d41 #eaj ,ea/ ,ave41 ,ro*e/] ,goeltz1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,h41 #bebd ,cre/on ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city ,h>p]1 ,g4 ,w41 ,jr41 #aae ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,hicks1 ,h5ry1 ,we/bury1 ,long ,isl& ,hodgson1 ,casp] ,w41 ,_w ,book ,co41 ,yonk]s 99 ,hunt+ton1 ,a4 ,m41 #ae ,we/ #ha/ ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,mc,glennon1 ,james ,s41 #ebh ,cutl] ,build+1 ,ro*e/] ,olcott1 ,ralph ,t41 ,editor ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 ,ellwang] & ,b>ry ,build+1 ,ro*e/] ,pom]oy1 ,a4 ,c41 ,lockport ,/eph51 ,john ,w41 ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry1 ,syracuse ,tall+]1 ,j4 ,f41 ,b>n>d ,teele1 ,a4 ,w41 #abj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,ulman1 ,dr4 ,ira1 #bac ,w4 #adg? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,voll]ts51 ,conrad1 #cge ,gregory ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,wile1 ,m4 ,e41 #iee ,h>v>d ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,williams1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,mallory1 #dh ,e4 #di? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city 99 ,wissman1 ,mrs4 ,f4 de,r41 ,we/*e/]1 ,new ,york ,city ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,b>rett1 ,dr4 ,h>vey ,p41 #baa ,vail ,ave41 ,*>lotte ,hut*+s1 ,miss ,lida ,g41 ,p9e ,bluff ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,raleigh ,van ,l9dley1 ,j41 ,j4 ,van ,l9dley ,nurs]y ,co41 ,pomona ,,ohio ,burton1 ,j4 ,h[>d1 ,cas/[n ,dayton1 ,j4 ,h41 ,/orrs ,h>rison ,co41 ,pa9esville ,ket*um1 ,c4 ,s41 ,middlefield ,truman1 ,g4 ,g41 ,p]rysville1 ,box #afg ,web]1 ,h>ry ,r41 #abc ,ea/ #f? ,/41 ,c9c9nati ,yunck1 ,e4 ,g41 #gjf ,c5tral ,ave41 ,s&usky ,,oregon ,pe>cy1 ,knight1 ,salem1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #c1 ,box #ahg ,,p5nsylvania ,druckemill]1 ,w4 ,h41 ,sunbury ,fagan1 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,n41 ,dep>tm5t ( ,horticulture1 ,/ate ,college ,heffn]1 ,h41 ,highl& ,*e/nut ,grove1 ,leep] ,hile1 ,an?ony1 ,curw5sville ,national ,bank1 ,curw5sville ,j5k9s1 ,*>les ,francis1 ,f>m ,j\rnal1 ,philadelphia 99 ,jones1 ,j4 ,f41 ,lanca/]1 ,box #ebg ,kaufman1 ,m4 ,m41 ,cl>ion ,leas1 ,f4 ,c41 ,m]ion ,/ation ,murphy1 ,p4 ,j41 ,vice ,presid5t ,l4 ,w4 ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 ,scranton ,o',neill1 ,william ,c41 #cbh ,walnut ,/41 ,philadelphia ,patt]son1 ,j4 ,e41 #gg ,n4 ,frankl9 ,/41 ,wilkes-,b>re 99 ,rick1 ,john1 #dch ,p5nsylvania ,squ>e1 ,read+ ,rife1 ,jacob ,a41 ,camp ,hill ,ru%1 ,j4 ,g41 ,we/ ,will[ ,sm$ley1 ,samuel ,l41 ,newt[n ,squ>e1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #a 99 ,sob]1 ,col4 ,c4 ,k41 ,lewisburg ,weav]1 ,william ,s41 ,mc,cungie ,wilhelm1 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,a41 ,cl>ion 99 ,wi/]1 ,john ,c41 ,wi/] ,/4 ,cl>kson ,ave41 ,g]mant[n ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,%ankl91 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,g41 ,clemson ,college ,,texas ,burkett1 ,j4 ,h41 ,nut ,speciali/1 ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,clyde4 ,trumbull1 ,r4 ,s41 ,agricultural ,ag5t1 ,el ,paso ,s4 ,w41 ,sy/em ,mor5ci ,s\!rn ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 ,el ,paso ,,virg9ia ,p>i%1 ,john ,s41 ,univ]sity ,smi?1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,r\ndhill ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,brooks1 ,fr$ ,e41 ,fr5* ,creek ,cannaday1 ,dr4 ,john ,eg]ton1 ,*>le/on1 ,box #fic ,h>tzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,%eph]d/[n ,j5k9s1 ,miss1 ,! ,gre5 ,bottom ,home/ead1 ,gl5wood ,p4 ,o4 99 ,life memb]4 9999 ,honor>y memb]4 ,,con/itution ,,article ,i ,"n4 ,?is society %all be kn[n z ! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s' ,,association4 ,,article ,,ii ,object4 ,its object %all be ! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nut-be>+ plants1 _! products & _! culture4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! society %all be op5 to all p]sons :o desire to fur!r nut culture1 )\t ref]5ce to place ( resid5ce or nationality1 subject to ! rules & regulations ( ! committee on memb]%ip4 ,,article ,,iv ,(fic]s4 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t & a secret>y-treasur]1 :o %all be elect$ by ballot at ! annual meet+2 & an executive committee ( five p]sons1 ( :i* ! presid5t1 two la/ retir+ presid5ts1 vice-presid5t & secret>y-treasur] %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy1 or c\ntry repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,,article ,v ,election ( ,(fic]s4 ,a committee ( five memb]s %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+ = ! purpose ( nom9at+ (fic]s = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,,article ,,vi ,meet+s4--,! place & "t ( ! annual meet+ %all be select$ by ! memb]%ip 9 session or1 9 ! ev5t ( no selection be+ made at ?is "t1 ! executive committee %all *oose ! place & "t = ! hold+ ( ! annual conv5tion4 ,su* o!r meet+s z may seem desirable may be call$ by ! presid5t & executive committee4 ,,article ,,vii ,quorum4 ,t5 memb]s ( ! association %all con/itute a quorum1 b mu/ include a majority ( ! executive committee or two ( ! ?ree elect$ (fic]s4 ,,article ,,viii ,am5dm5ts4 ,?is con/itution may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+1 notice ( su* am5dm5t hav+ be5 read at ! previ\s annual meet+1 or a copy ( ! propos$ am5dm5t hav+ be5 mail$ by any memb] to ea* memb] ?irty days be=e ! date ( ! annual meet+4 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i ,committees4 ,! association %all appo9t /&+ committees z foll[s3 ,on memb]%ip1 on f9ance1 on programme1 on press & publication1 on nom5clature1 on promis+ se$l+s1 on hybrids1 & an audit+ committee4 ,! committee on memb]%ip may make recomm5dations to ! association z to ! discipl9e or expulsion ( any memb]4 ,,article ,,ii ,fees4 ,! fees %all be ( two k9ds1 annual & life4 ,! =m] %all be two doll>s1 ! latt] tw5ty doll>s4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( jo9+ ! association4 ,,article ,,iv ,am5dm5ts4 ,by-laws may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+4 ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association ,,t5? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,decemb] #i ,,& #aj1 #aiai ,,battle ,,creek1 ,,mi*igan ,! t5? annual meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association 0 call$ to ord] at #aa3jj ,a4 ,m41 ,tuesday1 ,decemb] #i1 #aiai1 9 ! ,annex ,p>lor ( ! ,battle ,creek ,sanit>ium1 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan1 ) ! ,presid5t1 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 presid+4 ,! meet+ 0 op5$ ) a %ort bus9ess session beg9n+ ) ! ,presid5t's report z foll[s3 ,,presid5t',s ,,address ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,,v9c5nes1 ,,ind4 ,,fell[ ,,memb]s1 ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association1 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem53 ,our ,association meets today "u ! mo/ favorable surr\nd+s4 ,we h ?is spl5did build+ 9 :i* to hold our meet+s1 furni%$ gratuit\sly also h ) u 9 ?is wond]ful ,in/itution sev]al ?\s& gue/s1 m5 & wom5 ( ability & prom95ce 9 _! respective communities1 f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,dr4 ,kellogg has be5 v k9d & g5]\s 9 ext5d+ an invitation sev]al times to ?is association1 & y\r speak] has ?\ght !re 0 no place q s well suit$ = a w9t] meet+4 ,x gives me great pleasure to be able to be ) y & preside ov] a meet+ z ! gue/s ( ,dr4 ,kellogg4 ,!re is probably no man 9 ,am]ica :o has done s mu* to fur!r ! use ( nuts1 to %[ _! b5efits1 & to expla9 _! uses1 z a food = mank9d4 ,conditions h *ang$ greatly s9ce our la/ meet+1 ,septemb] #aiag1 at ,/am=d1 ,connecticut4 ,at t "t ! great] "p ( ! _w 0 at w>1 & ow+ to conditions prevail+ dur+ #aiah1 x 0 impossible = ?is association to hold its annual meet+4 ,y\r speak] is /ill hold+ ! (fice ( ,presid5t because y h _h no meet+ at :i* new (fic]s c\ld be elect$4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ! pa/ ?ree ye>s h be5 cr[d$ s full ( ev5ts1 t x 0 impossible to give ! association matt]s ! att5tion !y des]v$1 & devote ! "t to !m ,i w\ld h lik$ to h done4 ,) ! armi/ice came a cessation ( w>1 & we are all happy t ! t]rible /ruggle is ov]1 b ) x h come conditions t are almo/ z t]rible z w>4 ,fam9e & want />e millions ( p 9 ! face on ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,our own c\ntry is at pres5t 9 ! grip ( /rikes = high] wages1 ! l ( :i* has nev] be5 kn[n4 ,yet we are prosp]\s beyond ! greate/ dreams ( any nation on e>?1 b ) ?is prosp]ity comes _m duties4 ,our yields ( food crops h be5 great1 b to u has fall5 ! lot ( fe$+ ! _w1 & ?is w cont9ue until indu/rial & agricultural conditions ( ,europe1 h be5 ree/abli%$ on a pre-w> condition4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t :5 meats ( all k9ds 7 s exp5sive1 & to _m almo/ prohibitive4 ,_m h le>n$ ! use ( nut meats 9 v>i$ ways until all k9ds ( edible nuts are quot$ on ! m>kets today at prices undream$ ( 9 =m] ye>s4 ,^! conditions w n always la/2 crop failures w come2 & production w be curtail$4 ,l& values are advanc+ s rapidly t ! production ( *eap meats w be impossible4 ,to help supply ?is defici5cy1 !re w be an increas$ dem& = nuts ( all k9ds4 ,to help meet ?is dem&1 mu* c be done by road side plant+4 ,on our ma9 m>ket highways1 su* trees z ! graft$ black walnuts c\ld be plant$ pr(itably1 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry2 ! ,engli% walnut 9 "s p>ts :]e !y succe$ ! be/2 & ! pecan & *e/nut 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e !y are specially adapt$4 ,:ile comm]cial plant+ ( nut trees may n be attractive to ! av]age man1 home plant+ ( a few nut trees c be recomm5d$ = e :]e space is available4 ,!y w make beautiful %ade trees1 & produce crops t w ev5tually be ( great value4 ,to l& own]s :o are plant+ private p>ks1 av5ues & pa/ures1 we w\ld recomm5d nut trees4 ,! production ( nut trees is v difficult1 & ! developm5t & te/+ ( new v>ieties1 a sl[ & exp5sive process4 ,we ne$ ! ,gov]nm5t's help+ h&1 & are v glad t !re has be5 set aside by ,congress an appropriation to help develop ?is indu/ry4 ,we h ) u1 ! ,nut ,culturi/ f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 :o is devot+ 8 entire "t along ^! l9es4 ,on ! programme t is to be pres5t$ "h1 today & tomorr[1 are m5 ( national reputation 9 _! respective l9es1 :o /& at ! head ( _! pr(ession4 ,to our fri5ds & visitors "h1 we ext5d an urg5t invitation1 t y att5d all ! meet+s possible1 & we tru/ t y may le>n mu* t w be ( int]e/1 & t ?is in=mation may be tak5 home to y\r diff]5t communities4 ,our s9c]e ?anks %\ld be ext5d$ to ! ,programme ,committee & our v effici5t ,secret>y :o h giv5 s mu* "t to ?is "w4 ,= an association to /& /ill1 is usually to g backw>d4 ,ow+ to w> conditions1 & miss+ "o meet+1 we h _h little *ance to increase our memb]%ip4 ,i s9c]ely tru/ t ! ,memb]%ip ,committee w be active :ile "h1 & ext5d an invitation to all to become memb]s1 & to help advance an indu/ry t w be = ! good ( po/]ity1 & %\ld give u mu* pleasure dur+ our own lifetime4 ,we are told1 ! good we d unto o!rs lives aft] u4 ,may ! ,nut ,trees plant$ & fo/]$ by ! memb]s ( ?is association1 live long to wave _! leafy bran*es "u ,heav5's purple dome1 & may we>y pilgrims ( future g5]ations re/ b5ea? _! %ade1 & enjoy _! fruits1 ?ank+ u ) a sil5t pray] t ^! trees 7 plant$ = _! b5efit4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ! next ?+ 9 ord] w be ! read+ ( ! secret>y's & treasur]'s reports4 ,does any "o h any?+ to pres5t :ile we are wait+ = ! secret>y1 :o is busy8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,h[ _m memb]s h we1 ,mr4 ,presid5t8 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i don't "k4 ,sev]al h writt5 me ask+ ab\t memb]s1 & ,mr4 ,olcott probably kn[s some?+ ab\t x4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i don't "k h[ _m !re are n[2 b ,i ?9k !re 7 #aej or #bjj at ! "t ( ! ,/am=d meet+4 ,i ?9k !re 7 t _m enroll$4 ,i presume t two-?irds ( ^? r5ew$--probably some?+ ov] #ajj memb]s4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,!re 7 #ach paid memb]s4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,dr4 ,kellogg says !re may be a ?\s& m5 9 ! audi5ce ?is ev5+1 & if !re are we ought to d "s propag&a "w4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i don't rememb] :o ! memb]%ip committee 04 ,mr4 ,web] 0 *airman1 ,i believe1 & he is n "h4 ,olcott is next on ! committee4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i didn't "k ,i 0 on t committee4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,fagan 0 on t committee1 ,pott]1 ,dem+1 ,williams1 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?4 ,i guess y are ! only memb] ( ! committee :o is "h4 ,we are ready = ! report ( ! secret>y & treasur]1 ,mr4 ,bixby4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y-,,treasur] ,,sept4 #a1 #aiag-,,nov4 #cj1 #aiai ,key3 ,a3 ,sep4 #a4 '#ag to ,dec4 #ca1 '#ag ,b3 ,jan4 #a1 '#ah to ,may #bj1 '#ah ,c3 ,may #ba1 '#ah to ,dec4 #ca1 '#ah ,d3 ,jan4 #a1 '#ai to ,nov4 #cj1 '#ai ,,receipts ,a ,b ,c ,d ,total ,balance ,balance on h& date ( la/ report1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aiag4 #ae4ic ,receiv$ f annual memb]s includ+ jo9t subscriptions to ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal #fi4ej #abc4ed #gc4ge #bdg4ce #ead4ad ,receiv$ 9 paym5t ( life memb]%ip #bj4jj #be4jj #de4jj ,sale ( reports1 bro*ures & leaflets #b4be #d4jj #i4ie #d4he #ba4je ,adv]tis+ 9 report ( ,/am=d meet+s #h?1 #aiag #ba4jj #ba4jj ,sales ( sundry mat]ial4 #a4eh #a4eh ,contributions = #aiag ,conte/ #be4jj #abe4jj #aej4jj ,contribution = special hickory prizes #be4jj #be4jj ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- #aab4ge #ade4ab #ajh4gj #dbg4bj #gic4gg #gic4gg ------- #hji4gj ,,exp5ditures ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 _! portion ( jo9t subscriptions #f4ge #ad4jj #ei4jj #gi4ge ,/ation>y1 pr9t+ & ,supplies 4#fi #dd4je #di4ej #id4bd ,po/age1 ,express1 etc4 #d4hb #ac4ie #i4ff #i4bd #cg4fg ,prizes #aiag ,nut ,conte/ #ae4jj #ae4jj ,prize #aiah ,nut ,conte/ #ajg4jj #ajg4jj ,adv]tis+ #aiag ,nut ,conte/ #aj4ba2 exp5ses #aiag conte/ #b4ij #ac4aa #ac4aa ,adv]tis+ #aiah ,nut ,conte/ #ea4ej #ea4ej ,/am=d ,meet+ #aiag exp5ses #fe4ee #fe4ee ,pr9t+ ,report ( ,/am=d ,meet+ #afb4jj #afb4jj ,errors 9 remittance correct$ #c4he #c4ej #g4ce ,lit*field ,sav+s ,bank4 ,life memb]%ip ( ,john ,rick ,balance on h& ,dec4 #a1 #aiai4 #bj4jj #bj4jj ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- #ig4ha #cj4ia #bdd4ga #bgi4gd #fec4ag #fec4ag ,balance on h& ,dec4 #a1 #aiai4 ,special hickory prize #be4jj ,life memb]%ip ,lee ,w4 ,jaques #be4jj ,= regul> exp5ses4 #ajf4ec ------- #hji4gj ,i h c>efully be5 ov] ! above /atem5t & f\nd x to be correct4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 = ,audit+ ,committee4 ,! above are records ( receipts & exp5ditures = two ye>s & ?ree mon?s & are approximately d\ble ^? not$ 9 ! report ( ( ! ,/am=d meet+4 ,! activities ( ! ,association 7 necess>ily at a l[ ebb 9 w> "t1 &1 al?\gh a jo9t meet+ ) ! ,national ,association 0 plann$ = ! fall ( #aiah1 x 0 nev] held4 ,! li/ ( memb]s pr9t$ 9 ?is report numb]s #abh :ile t 9 ! la/ "o %[s #aff1 app>5tly a v l>ge decrease4 ,! la/ report %[$ #ach paid up memb]s4 ,foll[+ ! me?ods ( ,secret>y ,dem+1 memb]s :o h n respond$ to notices & lett]s h be5 dropp$4 ,9 no case has a memb] be5 dropp$ until a lett] ) return po/age has be5 s5t4 ,9 a numb] ( in/ances memb]s ?us writt5 to h resign$ giv+ v>i\s reasons1 ! mo/ common ( :i* are *ange ( occupation or resid5ce1 :i* prev5t$ _! do+ any?+ 9 ! l9e ( nut gr[+ or lack ( success 9 _! attempts to gr[ nuts4 ,two memb]s h di$ s9ce ! la/ meet+1 ,mr4 ,w5dell ,p4 ,williams & ,mr4 ,mahlon ,hut*9son2 ! =m] 0 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s]vice at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 #eg new memb]s h be5 add$ to our rolls s9ce #aiag mak+ a total ( #daj jo9+ s9ce organization ( :om we n[ h #abh1 #bhb hav+ dropp$ out4 ,( ! #eb :o h jo9$ s9ce la/ meet+1 #ba jo9$ be=e ,oct4 #a1 #aiai ! date ( ! propos$ meet+ 9 ,albany1 ,ga41 :i* 0 nev] held1 & #ca s9ce t date4 ,! hold+ ( memb]s is a difficult problem & "o t has n be5 work$ out at all satisfactorily4 ,mo/ memb]s jo9 9 ! hope ( !reby le>n+ h[ to successfully gr[ nut trees4 ,!y f9d out t s mu* is /ill exp]im5tal t mo/ d n rema94 ,?is is b\nd to cont9ue till we c %[ graft$ or budd$ nut trees be>+ satisfactory crops1 &1 until t "t1 !re seems no?+ to d b to keep on go+ aft] new memb]s & by means ( bullet9s1 reports1 lett]s & o!rwise mak+ ! memb]%ip m valuable ?an ev]4 ,!re has be5 a great] int]e/ 9 nut gr[+ dur+ ! pa/ fall ?an at any "t s9ce y\r ,secret>y-,treasur] has held (fice4 ,respectfully submitt$1 ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,secret>y-,treasur]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! report4 ,:at is y\r pleasure8 ,i believe t is usually ref]r$ to an audit+ committee4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ 0 *airman ( t committee4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,mr4 ,re$ spoke to me ab\t ?is ye/]day4 ,he said he w\ld be glad to audit x1 b !re has n be5 "t to give x to him4 ,x 0 ready = him ?is morn+1 b he 0 busy on o!r ?+s4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,:at is ! next ?+ on ! program1 ,mr4 ,secret>y8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,! reports ( committees4 ,i d n "k h[ mu* report ! /&+ committees h4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,!re is ! executive committee1 ! f9ance committee1 ! hybrids committee--maybe ,dr4 ,morris has some?+ on t4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,no1 ,i h no report to make on t4 ,i %all talk on ! subject ?is aft]noon or 9 ! c\rse ( my pap] incid5tally4 ,i didn't see any occasion = action 9 t direction s9ce ! la/ meet+1 s ,i h n act$ except incid5tally 9 ! c\rse ( my "w4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,! committee on nom5clature--( c\rse !y w\ldn't h any report until aft] ?is meet+4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,:o is on t committee8--,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,dr4 ,morris1 & ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,two memb]s ( ! committee are "h4 ,!re is "o matt] :i* p]haps ,i bett] br+ up to ! committee fir/1--"o matt] ,i ?9k !y %\ld take "s action on4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k x w\ld be be/ to h t come up at a lat] "t4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i w\ld l to br+ 9 some?+ incid5tally 9 relation to nom5clature 9 my pap]4 ,p]haps we c\ld h ! "q discuss$ aft] ,i h br\ght up t po9t4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,!re is a committee on promis+ se$l+s ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 & ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,i ?9k t cov]s all ! /&+ committees4 ,wasn't !re a committee on nom9ations = (fic]s to be elect$1 ?is morn+8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,t nom9at+ committee has to be elect$4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,h[ _m memb]s8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,!re 7 f\r or five la/ "t1 ,i ?9k4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 7,read+ by-laws call+ = five memb]s74 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i move ,mr4 ,olcott be on ! committee4 ,,voice3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t ,mr4 ,olcott be elect$ z a memb] ( ! nom9at+ committee4 ,all 9 favor say1 ,aye4 ,x is s ord]$4 ,:o else %all we h1 = a second memb]8 ,,mr4 ,,l9ton3 ,i move ,mr4 ,bixby be a memb] ( ! committee4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,!re is a prec$5t t ! secret>y has nev] be5 a memb] ( ! nom9at+ committee4 ,he has sometimes giv5 !m in=mation4 ,i move ,dr4 ,morris1 ,mr4 ,jones1 & ,mr4 ,l9ton be memb]s ( ! nom9at+ committee1 & ,mr4 ,mc,glennon4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,! committee z y sugge/$ x is ,dr4 ,morris1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 ,mr4 ,mc,glennon & myself8 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! motion4 ,all 9 favor say ,aye4 ,! committee /&s elect$ z nam$4 ,!y report at tomorr[ morn+'s meet+4 ,i ?9k !re is "o matt] x w\ld be well to br+ up1 & t is ! memb]%ip committee4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i 0 go+ to sugge/ t is an important matt]1 & ,i ?9k t committee %\ld be fill$ out ) ^? :o are pres5t1 inasmu* z ! regul> memb]s are n "h4 ,x looks z ?\gh a comp>atively small memb]%ip w\ld h to d\ble up on memb]%ip committee4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,h y any sugge/ions z to :om y want on t committee8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,^? committees1 ) ! exception ( ! nom9at+ committee1 are appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,i ?9k myself t ! new presid5t appo9ts !m4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,my idea 0 to appo9t = ?is meet+ & help ,mr4 ,olcott out4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i sugge/ ,mr4 ,mc,glennon & ,mr4 ,jones z two ( ! memb]s4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,let x /& z x is ) ! ?ree & give ! *airman p[] to appo9t two m lat]4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,c ! secret>y tell u h[ _m memb]s !re are8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,"o hundr$ sixty-f\r notices ( ?is meet+ 7 s5t out4 ,!re are #abh paid up memb]s4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,on ! matt] ( memb]%ip1 ,i wond] if ! association c\ld sugge/ "s inducem5t = memb]%ip1 or summ>ize ! inducem5ts4 ,z y "k1 ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,nurs]ym5 has be5 desir\s ( m memb]s1 & !y f\nd x v advisable to outl9e def9itely ! b5efits ( memb]%ip 9 t association4 ,i am wond]+ if t has be5 done rec5tly & c\ld n be emphasiz$ 9 "s way to ! advantage ( l>g] memb]%ip4 ,y h got to d some?+ m ?an say t !re is 9 exi/5ce an association devot$ to ^! purposes & ev]ybody is invit$ to come 94 ,maybe ! secret>y has some?+ on t l9e4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i h no sugge/ion4 ,x is v evid5t t !re is a greatly increas$ int]e/ 9 nut gr[+ ov] :at !re 0 :5 ,i fir/ took up ! (fice4 ,t is v cle>ly br\ght out by ! am\nt ( mail receiv$4 ,y may "k t ,capt4 ,dem+1 :5 9 ! s]vice1 took ! position ( edit+ ! nut dep>tm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,fruit ,gr[]4 ,i saw him rec5tly & x looks to me z if1 z editor ( t dep>tm5t1 he is answ]+ ab\t z _m correspond5ts on nuts & try+ to boo/ ! association 9 t way z he did :5 he 0 secret>y be=e4 ,& t w\ld appe> to be 9 addition to ! communications t are com+ to me n[4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,!re is int]e/4 ,we get at ! ,j\rnal (fice a great quantity ( inquiries b only a small p] c5t ( !m result 9 memb]%ips & subscriptions1 & :ile ?is int]e/ is s /rong1 ought n ?is association to /udy t :i* is some?+ ( a problem--p]haps some?+ t ought to be tak5 up 9 view ( ! int]e/s & ! b5efits ( ! association %[n4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k t is a good sugge/ion4 ,i ?9k !y ne$ some?+ along t l9e4 ,is !re any?+ else we want to br+ up at ?is morn+ session8 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,is ?is n a v good field to op5 up op]ations along t l9e1 "r "h at ,battle ,creek8 ,a l>ge numb] ( p :o come "h are p :o eat nuts1 & ,i believe t condition w\ld resolve itself into a mat]ial advance ( memb]%ip4 ,i ?9k we ought to get busy "r "h & see if we c n enli/ ! memb]%ip ( a great numb] ( ! patrons ( ?is in/itution4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,t 0 ! pr9cipal object ( ! memb]%ip committee ,i suppose4 ,my idea 0 to get ! ideas ( ! individual memb]s1 put !m toge!r & pres5t a broadside ( b5efits 9 ?is organization r ?an h "o man attempt to outl9e !m4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re is an imm5se am\nt ( int]e/4 ,! "q is h[ to get x toge!r & =mulate x 9 su* a way t m5 w jo94 ,!re is an enorm\s1 l>ge loose majority1 & we mu/ h a small compact m9ority to sw+ x z ! ,s5ators d d[n at ,wa%+ton1 y "k4 ,pr(4 ,murrill ( ! ,new ,york ,botanical ,g>d5 told me t :]ev] he w5t 7he is int]e/$ 9 mu%rooms1 t is 8 special subject7 he _h _h no idea 9 ! _w !re 0 s mu* int]e/ ( ! public 9 mu%rooms2 yet :5 x comes to gett+ toge!r memb]s to =m ! base ( an association to /udy ! subject1 he f9ds v few memb]s4 ,x is simply because m5 hav5't got ! habit1 & we h got 9 "s way to give direction to t 9 su* a way t x w be focus$ & conc5trat$ on "s "o objective po9t4 ,h[ to d x1 ,i don't "k4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,dr4 ,kellogg sugge/$ t at ! meet+ ?is ev5+ !re w be ! l>ge/ numb] ( p1 n memb]s1 t !re has be5 at any meet+2 & he said he _h _h reque/s f p t !y want$ to he> ,dr4 ,morris1 & !y want$ to he> ,pr(4 ,cajori :o us$ to be "h1 & he ask$ me to *ange ^? f ?is aft]noon to ?is ev5+ 9 ord] to accompli% t1 & ,i said we w\ld swit* ! program4 ,t 0 = t v purpose4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 x j occurr$ to me t 9 view ( ! numb] ( inquiries we get1 & ,i am sure ! secret>y gets1 & ,i am also sure ,dr4 ,dem+ gets f 8 articles1 !re is no d\bt ( ! int]e/1 yet ! jo9+ ( ?is ,nor!rn ,association1 & ! att5dance ( its s+le annual meet+1 does n appeal to _m4 ,!y d n f9d x conv5i5t to att5d ! conv5tion2 !y d n see any great am\nt ( b5efit 9 ! memb]%ip4 ,x occurs to me t if we _h a li/ ( /ate vice-presid5ts & ea* ( ^? c\ld provide = "s local ga!r+ ( p int]e/$ 9 nut culture 9 ! v>i\s communities2 r1 ,i w\ld say t if our memb]s1 z fa/ z we c increase our memb]%ip1 :]ev] !y are locat$1 w\ld =m a nucleus ( a little circle 9 _! neighborhood1 & h !m affiliat$ ) ! ,nor!rn ,association2 x w\ld accompli% ?is result4 ,& aft]w>d x occurr$ to me t p]haps t c\ld be done ?r\gh /ate vice-presid5ts4 ,b :at is really ne$$ is to get !m toge!r 9 meet+s4 ,!y won't come yet4 ,!y w :5 y get a l>g] memb]%ip1 b !y won't come to ! annual meet+ ( ?is association :]e ,i ?9k !y w\ld g to a community affair & talk ov] matt]s & ref] difficult problems to ! ,nor!rn ,association ( :i* !y 7 affiliat$ memb]s4 ,9 "s way1 a :eel )9 a :eel c\ld "w at x t way1 & we c\ld increase memb]%ip 9 t way4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x is a rule 9 psy*ology t y h got to h p]sonal int]e/ fir/4 ,if ,mr4 ,olcott's idea ( hav+ a local vice-presid5t (f] prizes1 no matt] h[ small1 = nuts 9 ! vic9ity1 & w\ld also /ate t any "o f9d+ "s rem>kable nut w\ld h t nut nam$ aft] him to g d[n to all "t1 y w\ld h two po9ts !re 9 self-int]e/4 ,fir/1 a five doll> prize to ! be/ nut2 next ! "n go+ rattl+ d[n ?r\gh "t 9 association ) x4 ,!re are two po9ts ( p]sonal int]e/4 ,we may z well take x back to ! basic pr9ciples & beg9 ) ! psy*ology ( ! situation4 ,,mr4 ,,ket*um3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 9 reg>d to ^! vice-presid5ts1 t po9t looks to me v good = ?is reason4 ,i saw x "w out 9 ! ,m9nesota ,/ate ,horticultural ,society4 ,!y _h a vice-presid5t 9 ea* congressional di/rict4 ,i 0 vice-presid5t 9 ! ?ird di/rict "o ye> myself ,f !m reports 7 s5t f _! di/rict by p :o 7 int]e/$4 ,!y 7 ask$ to fill out blanks ab\t conditions z !y f\nd !m 9 _! neighborhood & we got great good f x4 ,!n ?is vice-presid5t 0 to make a g5]al di/rict report f ! reports s5t him1 & h& x 9 at ! annual meet+4 ,x 0 q a success4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re y h civic pride br\ght into y\r psy*ology4 ,,mr4 ,,ket*um3 ,t 0 9 ! ?ird di/rict :i* includ$ ! nor!a/ "p ( ! /ate4 ,x 0 q a l>ge di/rict geographically1 & ,i s5t out some?+ l sev5ty ( ^! blank reports1 & :ile ! int]e/ 0 v slight1 ,i ?9k ,i got #bc field reports 9 return1 & out ( ^? #bc 7 "s n9e or t5 t 7 ( "s consid]able importance2 b x 0 a great big help to me 9 mak+ out my report toge!r ) :at ,i knew 9 my own location4 ,! p]c5tage ( reports t came back %[$ t !re 0 great int]e/ tak5 by ^? p]sons4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,y c ar\se local pride 9 any locality4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i h tri$ t 9 our own /ate 9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 at c\nty fairs & local di/rict horticultural meet+s4 ,sev]al times ,i h (f]$ prizes out ( my own pocket individually2 !n ,i h gott5 o!r p>ties to help 9 "s cases1 & "s exhibits ev5 at c\nty f>m]s' in/itutes1 ev5 v cr$itable exhibits & !y seem$ to attract z mu* int]e/ ev5 z ! s*ool exhibits4 ,i "k ( "o case at ,m>t9sville two ye>s ago ?is w9t] :]e ! nut exhibit 0 almo/ z l>ge z ! fruit exhibit1 & ,i ?9k x attract$ m att5tion2 & ,i ?9k !re 0 only some?+ l t5 doll>s sp5t 9 ord] to get x out4 ,i ?9k t "w along t l9e1 mission>y "w ( t k9d1 is go+ to d u m good ?an almo/ any o!r endeavor4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i d n ?9k t ! indu/ry is old en\gh or /rong en\gh yet1 p]haps1 to op]ate t /ate vice-presid5t plan z x w\ld be p]haps lat] on1 = ?is reason1 t if y h a /ate vice-presid5t1 y n>r[ ! activity 9 t /ate to t imm$iate locality4 ,b x w\ld probably be mu* bett]1 in/ead ( t1 to endeavor to get ea* memb] to =m ! nucleus ( a local circle1 & s h t5 or a doz5 9 a /ate1 in/ead ( "o4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k t sugge/ion is bett]4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,t 0 my orig9al idea1 & ! /ate vice-presid5t idea came 9 aft]w>ds4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,h[ _m /ates are includ$ 9 ! nor!rn association t]ritory8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,!re is no limit4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,nor!rn is a relative t]m4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i don't ?9k !re is any cle>ly def9$ l9e :]e ! ,nor!rn ,association is4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,= ! reason t m5 live 9 ! ,nor? are int]e/$ 9 l&s 9 ! ,s\?1 & vice v]sa4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,!re are tw5ty-?ree vice-presid5ts on ! li/ "h1 9 ! la/ publi%$ report4 ,is !re any?+ else t %\ld come up at ! morn+ session8 ,mr4 ,secret>y1 d y "k ( any?+ else8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i w\ld really l to see some?+ def9ite on ?is l9e ( increas+ ! memb]%ip4 ,i c ?9k ( sev]al ?+s t w help2 b to get some?+ t is go+ to h action "r away is n s cle>4 ,rec5tly ,i h _h a good _m p come d[n to my place to look at ! small or*>d ,i h !re4 ,i aim to h v>ieties ( e nut tree t is be+ propagat$1 & ,i ?9k if ,i keep at x a few ye>s long] ,i w pretty ne>ly h !m2 & 9 mo/ cases1 :5 p h come d[n t way1 !y h become memb]s aft]w>ds4 ,two or ?ree ( !m h4 ,i am only tw5ty miles f ,new ,york ,city1 & x is n difficult1 if ,i f9d someone int]e/$1 to invite !m d[n to look ov] ! trees gr[+ !re1 & usually :5 !y come !y jo9 aft]w>ds4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,p>don me = speak+ aga91 b ,i am on ! memb]%ip committee & ,i am anxi\s to draw out any?+ t may be ( use4 ,:y c\ld n "s plan be devis$ by ! secret>y or by ?is committee & s5t out t5tatively 9 ! way ( sugge/ion & p]haps "s o!r sugge/ions w be made to add to x4 ,p]haps also 9 addition to ?is local community plan t ,i sugge/$1 !re might be =m$1 all ( x )9 ! ,nor!rn ,association1 a subsidi>y !reto--! walnut society--p p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! walnut1 b d n c>e = ! hickory1 pecan or any o!r nut4 ,y w f9d p p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! black walnut1 "s 9 ! ,p]sian walnut1 "s 9 ! filb]t--=m a filb]t society z ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal has sugge/$1 & let all ! en?usia/s ( ! filb]t get toge!r1 & if !y are scatt]$1 let !m keep toge!r by correspond5ce & increas$ activity 9 t way4 ,! same = ! butt]nut4 ,get at x f t way4 ,,mr4 ,,ket*um3 ,ano!r ?+ to fur!r our society "h today1 we c make ^? small organizations auxili>y !reto4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,any "o :o is int]e/$ 9 "o nut becomes int]e/$ 9 all ev5tually4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i receiv$ m inquiries reg>d+ ! ,p]sian walnut & ! pecan ?an any o!r nuts--probably m reg>d+ ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,ne>ly ev]ybody :o writes wants to gr[ ,p]sian walnuts2 & 9 ! great majority ( in/ances1 ,i h to try to swit* !m onto black walnuts ) ! sugge/ion t !y plant a few ,p]sian walnuts because we h no exp]im5tal data ( ! ,p]sian walnut succe$+ 9 _! section4 ,9 "s in/ances !y w turn to ! black walnuts2 9 o!r in/ances ,i he> no?+ fur!r f !m4 ,! ,p]sian walnut is ! mo/ popul> ) p :o h n tri$ to gr[ any nuts4 ,mr4 ,jones p]haps c tell u h[ 8 inquiries run4 ,don't !y run v l>gely = ,p]sian walnuts8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,yes1 !y d4 ,i 0 ?9k+ possibly y c\ld make a comb9ation--take1 = in/ance1 ! memb]%ip1 ! nut j\rnal1 & "s nut trees4 ,! nurs]ym5 c\ld make consid]able concession4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,t comb9ation is "r well4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,y c\ld give a c\pon good = s mu* on an ord] = trees or some?+ ( t sort4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,t sugge/ion 0 made & ,i ref]r$ x to ! executive committee4 ,i h n _h any reply4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i didn't h "t to answ] ! communication & get x back to y be=e ,i came "h2 s ,i ?\ght we w\ld decide on t "h4 ,if !re is no?+ fur!r to come up ?is morn+1 a motion to adj\rn w be 9 ord] until ! aft]noon session4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i might repeat t at ! reque/ ( ,dr4 ,kellogg1 9 ord] to get ! pap]s :i* he _h be5 p>ticul>ly reque/$ to h giv5 s t p c\ld he> !m1 ,dr4 ,morris & ,pr(4 ,cajori :o 7 s*$ul$ ?is aft]noon1 w come ?is ev5+1 & ,mr4 ,hoov]'s & ,mr4 ,graves' pap]s1 :i* 7 s*$ul$ = ?is ev5+1 w h to come ?is aft]noon4 ,nei!r ( ! writ]s are pres5t1 b ! pap]s are "h4 ,mr4 ,graves expect$ to be "h b ,i _h a telegram ye/]day t he c\ld n get away4 ,i h ! pap]1 ?\gh & ! photographs4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,has !re be5 provision made = a pap] on filb]ts by ,mr4 ,voll]ts58 ,if n1 ,i %\ld l to h x4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,c]ta9ly1 !re c be4 ,x ought to come 9 ?is aft]noon4 ,i wrote ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 ask+ if he c\ld deliv] x4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,he has ! pap] prep>$1 & ,i want to he> x4 ,i h be5 closely associat$ ) ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 = "s t5 ye>s1 & ,i "k t 8 :ole he>t & s\l are 9 ! developm5t ( ! filb]t2 & ,i "k :at he has done & t he is a r>e "* 9 ! nut _w today1 t he possesses a fund ( in=mation4 ,i am sure y w f9d int5sely int]e/+2 & fur!rmore ,i w\ld sugge/1 & ,i believe ,i speak = him :5 ,i say ,i hope y w feel free to ask him que/ions4 ,z ,i said be=e1 he has a fund ( in=mation t ,i ?9k we nut p ought to h1 & ! g5]al public z well4 ,we h a v good exhibit ( ! nuts4 ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 is ! practical man 9 ! ent]prise we are int]e/$ 94 ,i look aft] ! bus9ess end ( x4 ,we are equally int]e/$ 9 x & feel t we h made "s progress4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,put ,mr4 ,mc,glennon on too4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,i h said all ,i c say4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,y h said too mu*4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,if !re is no?+ else1 we w /& adj\rn$ until #b3cj p4 m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tuesday ,,aft]noon1 ,,decemb] #i1 #aiai1 #b3cj ,p4 ,m4 ,,presid5t ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,,9 ,,! ,,*air ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,! fir/ pap] is by ,mr4 ,hoov]1 ,mat!w ,h5ry ,hoov]1 ( ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y41 presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,cons]vation ,association4 ,mr4 ,hoov] is n "h1 & ! ,secret>y w read 8 pap]4 ,,! ,,f>ms ,,by ,,! ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,road ,,by ,,mat!w ,,h5ry ,,hoov]1 ,,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,=m]ly ,,new ,,york ,,cons]vation ,,commission] ,,presid5t ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,cons]vation ,,association ,horace ,greeley is be/ kn[n = 8 contribution to ! abolition ( human slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,yet 8 s]vice to mank9d is n fully apprais$ by ! av]age ,am]ican1 because _m ( ! y\ng] g5]ation are unaw>e ( 8 aid to agriculture4 ,8 maxim ab\t f>m]s' fail+ to till ! mo/ valuable "p ( _! f>ms und]nea?1 op5+ ! eyes ( agriculturi/s to ! efficacy ( sub-soil pl[+1 0 ! preamble to free+ ,am]ican husb&ry f ! slav]y ( antiquat$ & unsci5tific me?ods4 ,foll[+ ! application ( sci5ce to ! cultivation ( ! soil1 came ! /ud5ts ( ,cons]vation4 ,!y 7 tea*+ ! f>m] ! relation ( cons]vation ( natural res\rces to agriculture1 ! effects ( =e/s on ra9fall1 moi/ure1 erosion ( soil1 m9imization ( floods t annually bury ?\s&s ( acres ( arable l&s 9 ! valleys1 "u rocky debris & s on4 ,greeley discov]$ ! ,f>m ,bel[4 ,! ,cons]vationi/s are sav+ ! ,f>m ,above4 ,n[1 9 ^! days ( reclamation & recon/ruction1 x is high "t to pay m att5tion to ! ,f>m by ! ,side ( ! ,road4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association is to be congratulat$ ^u ! fact t x is blaz+ ! trail ?r\gh ! =e/ ( popul> ignorance on ?is vitally important cons]vation "q2 lead+ public ?\ght 9 ! "r direction2 & provid+ bo? ! se$ & ! /ock = practical ef=ts 9 behalf ( ! ,f>m by ! ,side ( ! ,road4 ,i am go+ to claim a bond ( bro!rhood ) y 9 ?is great "w1 bas+ my claim n ^u my small activities 9 nut cultivation1 b r ^u ! fact t ,i 0 "o ( ! cons]vation pione]s 9 ,new ,york ,/ate 9 ! advocacy ( plant+ pr(itable trees--nut trees & fruit trees--along ! public highways4 ,t em95t cons]vationi/1 ,gif=d ,p9*ot1 address+ ! ,national ,c\ncil ( ,f>m]s' ,co-op]ative ,associations 9 #aiae1 def9$ ,cons]vation z ! wise use ( ! e>? = ! b5efit ( ! p :o live on x4 ,t w\ld be a p]fect def9ition1 if x did n invite ! qu]y3 ,%\ld x n be enjo9$ ^u ! p :o live ^u ! e>? today1 :ile enjoy+ its b5efits1 to keep fai?ful /ew>d%ip ( ! int]e/s ( ! inhabitants ( tomorr[8 ,ab\t ! "t ,mr4 ,p9*ot enunciat$ ?is fam\s def9ition1 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,cons]vation ,dep>tm5t summ$ up ! purposes ( practical ,cons]vation z3 ,! correction ( pa/ indiscretion1 ! p]fection ( pres5t utilization1 & ! =mation ( future accumulation ) respect to natural res\rces4 ,cons]vation activities mu/ repair errors ( ! pa/ :i* h left d5ud$ =e/ l&s & empty game cov]s & wat]s2 !y mu/ af=d & direct ! pres5t use ( ! =e/s & ! /reams2 !y mu/ safegu>d ! future supply1 if !y w\ld meet ! requirem5ts ( a cons]vation :i* %all raise ! /&>ds ( life & l[] ! co/ ( liv+4 ,t is a cons]vation embrac+ bo? ! ae/hetic & ! economic1 ! only k9d wor? :ile4 ,x is a cons]vation :]e9 ! arable areas & ! s-call$ wa/e l&s & wat]s h a v intimate int]relation ( int]e/s4 ,&1 ,i submit1 ,g5tlem51 t ! ,am]ican p too long h fail$ to recognize & to acc\nt z 9 ! class ( wa/e l&s1 ,! ,f>ms by ! ,side ( ! ,road4 ,! reclamation ( wa/e l&s is a compromise betwe5 ! activities ( ! ,cons]vationi/s1 :o claim t 9 ! m ?ickly inhabit$ portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! cultivat$ or semi-cultivat$ areas are out ( sane & safe proportion to ! wild =e/ sections1 & ! advocates ( int5sive & ext5sive agriculture4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ?is article to take sides 9 t controv]sy1 b r to invite att5tion ( bo? sides to a safe & practical field = _! endeavors1 namely1 ! reclamation ( ! wa/$ l&s along ! roadsides1 ! f>ms along ! highways4 ,dur+ ! ,w> ,g>d5 campaigns ( ! pa/ two ye>s1 ^! h]et(ore l>gely unus$ /rips ( tillable l&1 =m+ 9 ! aggregate ?\s&s ( along-!-road acres 9 e /ate1 receiv$ consid]able att5tion f ! ?rifty pl[ & hoe4 ,b 9 ! ma91 ! results 7 n enc\rag+4 ,! public w trespass1 un9t5tionally or o!rwise1 ^u ! l& cropp$ along ! highway4 ,!n1 if ! f>ms by ! side ( ! road are to be cons]v$--us$ by pres5t z well z future g5]ations--!re rema9s b "o practical rec\rse3 productive trees4 ,! ,am]ican p love beautiful trees1 possibly ! expression ( a reaction f ! s5tim5t ( ! pione]s :o reg>d$ trees z _! enemies1 h&icaps to agriculture to be remov$ z ?or\ghly & exp$iti\sly z possible4 ,b ) virg9 soil produc+ enorm\s crops1 !y naturally c5t]$ _! int]e/ on ornam5tal trees )\t ref]5ce to _! fruits4 ,h5ce ! horse-*e/nut1 buck-eye1 maple1 locu/1 oak1 popl>1 along ! highways & byways ( ,am]ica1 in/ead ( ! native nut trees & ! ,p]sian or ,engli% walnut4 ,&1 speak+ ( highways1 ?is is ! age ( concrete4 ,tak+ ! h9t1 ,i am select+ "o concrete example ( :i* ,i h intimate & p]sonal k1 well aw>e t !re are num]\s o!rs t ,i might cite 7 my acqua9tance ) practical nut culture m ext5sive ?an x is4 ,! "o t ,i "k ab\t ( my own p]sonal k is1 a v good example ( ! pla9 common s5se ( productive trees :i* comb9e ! useful ) ! ornam5tal4 ,,x ,,reads ,,l ,a ,,fairy ,,tale ,9 #ahgf two ,niag>a ,c\nty f>m]s1 ,norman ,pom]oy & ,mat!w ,o',connor1 neighbors1 decid$ to g to ! ,c5t5nial4 ,!y pack$ "o c>pet-bag 9 common = _! baggage & bo>d$ ! tra9 = ,philadelphia4 ,al?\gh well to d f>m]s1 _! economic in/9cts w>n$ !m to bew>e ! pr(ite]+ hotel keep]s4 ,s !y s\ght a humble bo>d+ h\se 9 ! suburbs ( ! city4 ,return+ "o ev5+ f sight-see+ at ! exposition1 ! travel]s 7 s we>y t !y retir$ imm$iately aft] supp]4 ,dur+ ! night ,pom]oy 0 awak5$ by a tapp+ on ! w9d[4 ,assur+ himself t ! wallet "u 8 pill[ 0 /ill !re1 he inve/igat$ ! cause ( ! di/urbance ( 8 slumb]s4 ,! noise _h ceas$ & he decid$ t ! ov]/ra9 ( ! day _h work$ an halluc9ation4 ,pom]oy dropp$ (f to sleep1 b pres5tly 0 ar\s$ by s\nds :i* 7 unmi/akably caus$ by a g5tle tapp+ on ! w9d[ pane4 ,exasp]at$1 ! man arose1 pick$ up a boot1 slipp$ to ! w9d[ & rais$ x g5tly ready to give ! jok] or w\ld-be burgl> a r\s+ :ack on ! head if )9 rea*4 ,he /uck 8 head out ( ! w9d[ = a bett] view ( ! ext]ior _w1 & 8 curiosity 0 rew>d$ ) a /++ bl[ on ! *eek4 ,! pa9 ar\s$ all ! ,pom]oy ,fr5* ,hugu5ot fight+ blood 9 8 ve9s4 ,vici\sly he swung ! boot at ! unse5 foe1 only to he> x cra% ?r\gh tree bran*es4 ,laugh+ s(tly1 9 8 enlight5m5t1 he rea*$ out into ! night1 grasp$ a bran*1 broke x (f & turn$ on ! gas & lit x4 ,on ! twig 7 two curi\s nuts4 ,pom]oy 0 a lov] ( nature1 z ,i le>n$ by _m an int]e/+ talk ) him4 ,he f\nd "t 9 8 regul> f>m+ pursuits to /udy native trees & %rubs1 & _h =bidd5 8 hir$ m5 to cut d[n any ( ! native nut trees on 8 #ejj acre f>m4 ,b ! nuts on ! bran* retriev$ f d>kness 7 specim5s new to him & he c\ld h>dly wait = daylight to come to enable him to get acqua9t$ ) ! tree :i* _h invit$ 8 att5tion s rudely4 ,next morn+ ,pom]oy le>n$ t 8 new f\nd arboreal fri5d 0 a ,p]sian walnut4 ,x 0 load$ & ! w9d /orm ( ! night _h cov]$ ! gr\nd ) %uck$ & un%uck$ nuts4 ,by p]mission ( ! l&lord1 he ga!r$ a peck ( ! ,p]sian walnuts1 wrapp$ ,o',connor's & 8 own belong+s 9 a newspap] & fill$ ! c>pet-bag ) ! nut treasures4 ,arriv+ home1 ! t\ri/s /opp$ fir/ at ,o',connor's h\se4 ,!re !y _h to relate ! exp]i5ce ( _! great trip to an assemblage ( ! two families4 ,! rec\nt+ ( ! ,c5t5nial wond]s took until midnight4 ,:5 ,pom]oy pick$ up 8 c>pet-bag to g home1 x 0 empty6 ,! *ildr5 _h made a discrete retirem5t aft] hav+ consum$ ! entire peck ( ,engli% walnuts1 z ! %ells 9 ! kit*5 disclos$4 ,luckily = ! y\ng/]s1 !y 7 safe 9 b$ & asleep4 ,! next day1 accord+ to ! eld] ,pom]oy1 little ,alb]t :o _h n be5 at ! ,o',connor home ! night be=e1 he>d ! dolor\s tale ( ! wond]ful tree 9 ,philadelphia1 ! gift ( nuts & _! weird disappe>ance4 ,to confirm ! sad /ory he pick$ up ! c>pet-bag1 turn$ x inside out4 ,)9 a torn l9+1 he triumphantly extract$ t5 nuts4 ,*ild-l1 he proce$$ to sample !m & _h eat5 ?ree :5 8 fa!r rescu$ ! rema9d]4 ,sev5 ,philadelphia walnuts 7 plant$ 9 ! y>d1 &1 9 due "t !re 7 sev5 sl5d]1 silv]-grayi% se$l+ trees4 ,^! 7 c>efully /ak$1 gu>d$ & cultivat$ by ,norman ,pom]oy4 ,despite ! cavil+ ( ! neighbors1 :o decl>$ t a ,p]sian walnut tree w\ld n ?rive & be> s f> nor?1 twelve ye>s aft] plant+ ! lucky sev5 reproduc$ _! k9d--f a doz5 to two doz5 l>ge1 h&some ,p]sian or ,engli% walnuts4 ,today ! sev5 ,c5t5nial trees are ab\t two feet 9 diamet] & ab\t #fj feet high4 ,& z to ! value ( ! crop1 "o tree alone produc$ nuts :i* sold f\r ye>s ago = #adb4ej4 ,n[ z to ! application ( ?is romance 9 real life4 ,i mu/ return to ! m prosaic g5]alizations ( cons]vation & its relation to ! products ( cultivation ) :i* ?is article began4 ,9 #aiac ,gov]nor ,m>t9 ,h4 ,glynn invit$ me to outl9e = him a program ( ,practical & ,progressive ,cons]vation1 applicable to ! ne$s ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,9 ! ef=t to meet ! reque/1 ,i drew a little f my p]sonal exp]i5ce & obs]vations z a sportsman1 a f>m] & a newspap] man1 & a great deal f :at ,i _h le>n$ f o!rs among ! organiz$ sportsm51 agricultural societies1 hydro-electric eng9e]s1 =e/ products m51 =e/]s1 & nature lov]s 9 g5]al4 ,we !n set =? ! foll[+ z necess>y to ! realization ( ! purposes ( a ,cons]vation :i* %\ld meet all conditions impos$ by ! pa/1 ! pres5t & ! future1 z h]e9be=e /at$3 ,,practical ,,& ,,progressive ,,cons]vation #a4 ,protect ! birds & save ! crops4 #b4 ,develop ! unutiliz$ wat] p[]s1 n[ go+ to wa/e ) de/ructive effects 9 fre%et p]iods to arable l&s & ?ickly populat$ communities1 ?r\gh public own]%ip & di/ribution2 !reby use ,! ,p's ,:ite ,coal1 save coal & cuss9' ! a%-sift]1 giv+ ! public *eap] light & p[] = ! homes1 ! f>ms1 ! factories1 & public highways4 #c4 ,am5d ! con/itution to p]mit ! use ( dead & d[n timb] 9 ! /ate =e/ pres]ves1 wor? at lea/ #aj1jjj1jjj annually4 #d4 ,provide free =e/ trees furni%$ by ! /ate = all :o w plant !m4 7,note--,! pres5t ,n4 ,y4 ,cons]vation ,commission 9 a special report to be made to ! ,legislature ( #aibj has at la/ adopt$ t progressive policy74 #e4 ,plant productive trees along ! highways--nut & fruit trees4 #f4 ,re/ock wat]s & cov]s m ext5sively & intellig5tly4 #g4 ,/op pollution ( private & public wat]s4 #h4 ,h>monize ! int]relat$ int]e/s ( f>m]s & sportsm54 #i4 ,e/abli% game & bird refuges 9 e c\nty 9 ! /ate4 #aj4 ,sane & practical game laws1 elim9at+ prosecutions on petty te*nicalities1 educate ! public to co-op]ate 9 fi% & game protection1 enact legislation to enc\rage r ?an h&icap ! propagation ( fi% & game by private ent]prise4 ,x w be not$ t plank #e 9 our progressive cons]vation plat=m is urg+ ! plant+ ( produc+ trees along ! highways4 ,by t we meant n only ! native nut trees1 all ( :i* are beautiful & ornam5tal1 b also fruit trees1 accord+ to ! wi%es ( ! abutt+ own]s4 ,9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 tak+ into acc\nt only improv$ roads com+ "u ! head ( ,/ate or ,c\nty ,improv$ ,highways1 disreg>d+ ! mileage ( ! rural roads sev]al times z l>ge1 !re are ab\t #h1jjj miles ( ,good ,roads4 ,!re are _m /ret*es ( ! highways :i* nature has g5]\sly adorn$ ) trees4 ,"s portions ( ! roads h witness$ ! spoliation ( ! contractor's indiscrim9at+ ax1 b 9 ! ma9 ! workm5 7 z c>eful z possible to reta9 natural %ade trees along ! r\tes4 ,a few miles comp>atively1 7 plant$ by /ate ag5cies4 ,f>m]s1 especially 9 ! ,lake ,ont>io ,fruit ,belt ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 h work$ wond]s 9 ornam5tation & economy by plant+ *]ry1 apple1 plum & o!r beautiful & productive trees on ! /rip ( l&1 ,! ,f>ms by ! ,side ( ! ,road4 ,at a v small additional exp5se1 ! ,/ate c\ld h plant$ e rod ( improv$ highway ) productive trees1 putt+ t =e?\ghtful specification into ! contracts4 ,get out y\r p5cil = a mom5t4 ,suppose ! /ate _h ,engli% walnuts on ! #h1jjj miles1 plac+ ! trees #dj feet ap>t4 ,we %\ld h gr[+ !n ov] "o million productive trees & "s ( !m w\ld be old en\gh to be be>+ today4 ,)9 t5 ye>s f n[1 _! product w\ld be wor? at a cons]vative e/imate #be p] tree1 repres5t+ a sum suffici5t to c>ry "o-?ird ( ! ,/ate's entire co/ ( gov]nm5t4 ,! w> j won = ! cause ( ,_w ,democracy has op5$ ! eyes ( ! ,am]ican p to _m ?+s !y _h n be=e appreh5d$ or realiz$4 ,"o is ! value ( productive l& space4 ,ano!r is ! importance ( our =e/s1 & especially ! value ( ! native nut-be>+ trees4 ,x 0 discov]$1 :5 ,uncle ,sam scurri$ ar\nd to procure a supply ( black walnut = gun /ocks1 t ! ,g]man ag5ts _h be5 ahead ( him4 ,al?\gh ?ickly settl$1 ,g]many f9ds x pr(itable to employ "o-f\r? ( its entire area 9 gr[+ =e/ trees4 ,yet x seems ! ,kais]'s =e/s 7 %ort on ?is valuable timb]1 s !y pick$ up all ! procurable black walnut 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is set ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,cons]vation ,commission] ?9k+ & la/ ye> he advis$ f>m]s to propagate & cultivate ! black walnut--a little late = ! em]g5cy2 b bett] late ?an nev]1 especially 9 ?is case4 ,on my little f>m ne> ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y41 !re is a l>ge black walnut tree1 p]haps #ij to #ajj ye>s old4 ,x be>s a nut ( unusual size1 ( excell5t ta/e & good keep+ qualities4 ,?is tree has produc$ z high z t5 bu%els ( %uck$ nuts 9 a season4 ,tw5ty-two ye>s ago1 :5 ! importance ( gr[+ native nut trees _h impress$ b few p1 ,i did h ! good s5se to plant sev]al doz5 nuts f ! ,niag>a ,k+ ,walnut4 ,i mu/ confess ,i gave ! trees little att5tion1 & a f>m h& zeal\sly cut d[n all b "o ( ! black walnuts1 mi/ak+ !m = sumac4 ,! survivor la/ ye> bore ab\t ?ree bu%els ( nuts4 ,mo/ int]e/+ ( all is ! result ( obs]vations z to ! product1 & its be>+ on ! "q ( :e!r or n nut trees w reproduce true to v>iety4 ,! walnuts f ! "y tree diff] 9 %ape1 be+ almo/ r\nd1 :ile ! fruit ( ! p>5t tree is almo/ *e/nut 9 =m4 ,b ! flavor1 ?ickness ( %ell & ! keep+ qualities seem id5tical4 ,six ye>s ago ,i />t$ a small black walnut & butt]nut tree nurs]y = home use & f x h set out ab\t f\r hundr$ trees along ! dit*es & f5ces on ! f>m4 ,! e>ly plant+s h atta9$ a height ( f #ab to #ae feet4 ,if e f>m] w\ld d likewise1 he w\ld make a consid]able addition to ! c\ntry's food supply1 to say no?+ ( ! value ( ! timb] = com+ g5]ations :5 ! frees approa* maturity4 ,x has af=d$ me pleasure to s5d nut trees to fri5ds 9 v>i\s c\nties ( ! /ate & we %all wat* ) int]e/1 ! reports on _! gr[? & developm5t "u ! _m v>iations ( soil & climate4 ,! butt]nut 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry is rapidly disappe>+4 ,to save ?is beautiful tree ) its delicately flavor$ nuts1 x w und\bt$ly be necess>y to take x into ext5sive cultivation4 ,al?\gh ap>t f ! subject p]haps1 x may be int]e/+ to ref] to ! application ( =e/ry to a woodlot conta9+ native nut trees4 ,l _m f>m]s :o reg>d e tree z j a tree1 useful = timb] or fire wood1 ,i f\nd sev]al ye>s ago t indiscrim9ate cutt+ on my woodlot 0 de/roy+ walnuts1 along ) ! common] species ( ! /&4 ,my fir/ /ep 0 to halt ! cutt+ ( all black walnuts1 hickories1 butt]nuts1 oaks & bee*es on ! sev5-acre woodlot4 ,i took an inv5tory ( ^! trees & f\nd !re 7 #afj %agb>k hickories f #aj to #be ye>s old1 five butt]nuts ab\t #bj ye>s old1 & f\r black walnuts ab\t #be ye>s old4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 7 n tol]ant trees l ! ev]gre5s1 & mo/ ( !m 7 rapidly det]iorat+ f be+ ov]cr[d$ by m rapidly gr[+ & less desirable neighbors4 ,all ( !m _h be5 ret>d$ 9 gr[? by ! cr[d$ condition ( ! /&4 ,inaugurat+ a process ( judici\s ?9n+ ) a view to giv+ ! nut trees ! advantage1 ! result 9 a s+le season 0 surpris+4 ,"u ! b5efic5t influ5ce ( ample sun1 air & root su/5ance1 ! butt]nuts & black walnuts bore f9e crops = ! fir/ "t1 9 ! season foll[+ ! w9t] ?9n+ process4 ,! "y hickories cont5t$ !mselves ) mak+ _! fir/ annual gr[? 9 ye>s4 ,&1 ,oh joy ( realiz$ hopes1 9 ?is ! ?ird season s9ce lett+ ! sun into ! native nut grove1 ne>ly all ( ! old] %agb>k hickories bore _! fir/ crops6 ,& n[ ,i h a nut plantation1 t might h be5 ere ?is1 burn$ up z fire-wood1 at no exp5se :atev]1 s9ce ! ?9n+ out process produc$ a v welcome supply ( fire wood 9 ^! days ( high-pric$ coal4 ,9 a rec5t bullet9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,value to ,f>m ,families ( ,food1 ,fuel & use ( ,h\se1 !re are "s illum9at+ /ati/ics on ,! ,f>m]'s ,income & ,! ,f>m]'s ,liv+4 ,x is /at$ t ! total av]age ( ! ?ree items ( food1 fuel & use ( ! h\se = ! #iej families 7select$ f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 is #fdb1 & #ff ( #dbd ( ?is is furni%$ by ! f>m4 ,! ,sev5 ,pom]oy ,c5t5nial4 ,trees 9 "o ye> produc$ a food product wor? & actually sold = ab\t #hjj 9 "o ye>6 ,! av]age annual production ( ^? sev5 trees has be5 ov] #fjj = ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,& :at ab\t ! labor involv$ 9 rais+ & h>ve/+ ! ,engli% walnut crop 9 "q8 ,pick+ ! nuts f ! gr\nd1 *ildr5 gladly do+ x & e>n+ five c5ts p] basket4 ,horace ,greeley's undiscov]$ f>m "u ! fir/ twelve in*es 0 a gold m9e :5 turn$ up f9ally2 ,mr4 ,p9*ot's f>m on top rescu$ f flood & o!r deva/ations is wor? m money ?an be=e4 ,b h[ ab\t ! /rip ( l& along ! roadside1 an aggregate wa/e ( at lea/ "o p] c5t ( ! acreages ( ea/]n f>ms8 ,well wor? reclaim+1 & no exp5sive dit*+1 irrigation & lumb]+ involv$ 9 ! process ei!r4 ,9 addition1 cr$it mu/ be giv5 also to ?is ent]prise = ! value ( ornam5tation ( ! highways & _! protection f ! elem5ts all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,& /range to relate1 9 ! long li/ ( items "u ! head ( ,classes ( ,food1 giv5 9 ! ,f$]al ,bullet9 ref]r$ to1 no m5tion is made ( nut foods1 ei!r native or import$ nut trees4 ,fruits1 vegetables1 meats1 /ore groc]ies1 ev]y?+ is !re b nuts4 ,nutty1 d we he> someone sugge/8 ,probably n 9 ?is audi5ce ( enlight5$ nut gr[]s1 b speak+ to ! g5]al public we %all say1 ,well1 mebbe1 l ,uncle ,lige ( ,niag>a4 ,two bad ye>s on ! f>m1 f\r acres ( tomatoes t didn't pay = ! plants1 no?+ b s(t corn & no potatoes compell$ ,uncle & ,aunt ,tompk9s to op5 an acc\nt at ! corn] groc]y4 ,! fir/ mon? ! bill came 91 ,aunt ,sally 0 all 9 a flutt] :5 %e audit$ ! items3 ,sug>1 #fj2 c(fee1 #dj2 oatmeal1 #ej2 sug>1 #ge2 ditto1 #hj4 ,lige1 y g "r back to ! /ore & tell t cunn9' cl]k t he's *>g$ u f] :at we nev] got4 ,we a9't _h no 'ditto' 9 ?is h\se4 ,lige w5t to ! /ore & return$1 app>5tly a sadd] b a wis] man4 ,well1 ,lige1 inquir$ ! ?rifty sp\se1 ,did y f9d out 'b\t t 'ditto' we didn't get8 ,:at did y f9d8 ,lige pick$ up 8 pipe1 rem>k+1 ,well ,sally1 ,i f\nd ,i 0 a durn$ fool1 & y ditto4 ,we are all wak+ up to ! fact t we did n become nutty soon en\gh4 ,we h f\nd t our public ag5cies ( cons]vation h be5 durn fools & f>m]s & o!r l& own]s ditto1 = n hav+ inaugurat$ ! sy/ematic plant+ ( productive trees along ! highways & f>m h$g][s & dit*es1 _m ye>s ago4 ,norman ,pom]oy us$ to say ) becom+ mode/y t he took no cr$it = plant+ ! trees t h made su* a sub/antial income = 8 family1 because ,i _h to be slapp$ 9 ! face 9 ! d>k be=e ,i became wise1 & !n ! natural improvid5ce ( mank9d came ne> spoil+ ,nature's tip :5 ! *ildr5 gratifi$ _! little /oma*s 9 pref]5ce to plant+ = ! future4 ,m5 are b *ildr5 ( an old] gr[?1 a wise man said4 ,t is a true b sad doctr9e4 ,we all live too mu* 9 ! pres5t & = ! pres5t1 =gett+ t ! future w soon be ! pres5t1 if n = ourselves1 = our *ildr5 & our *ildr5's *ildr54 ,x takes "t to realize on trees1 = ! /oma* or ! pocketbook4 ,x requires sacrifice to get any?+ wor? :ile &1 wait+ is ! h>de/ k9d ( sacrifice1 especially = p ( small means4 ,b x pays 9 ! end4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 is do+ valuable "w n only 9 ! /udy & plant+ ( nut trees1 b 9 its propag&a4 ,b ,i h discov]$ t ! results ( practical "w & ! wor? ( propag&a1 are h>d to br+ home to public ag5cies1 l ,gov]nors & ,legislatures4 ,! con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( public highways are a /ate function4 ,b t duty mu/ be incomplete 9 our op9ion until ! /ate f9i%es its job by plant+ productive trees along ! highways & public roads4 ,h[ %all we br+ ?is ab\t8 ,adopt resolutions8 ,v good4 ,b did ! ,anti-,saloon ,league1 = example1 cont5t itself ) resolutions :5 x want$ real results 9 ! halls ( legislation8 ,n mu*4 ,our prohibition fri5ds 7 v practical4 ,!y employ$ tra9$ ag5ts to pres5t _! cause ev]y:]e & 9 e way calculat$ to d ! mo/ good4 ,let me repeat to y tree plant]s ! late ,norman ,pom]oy's favorite l9es1 z ,i recall !m3 ,! dead are et]niz$ 9 /one1 ,! liv+1 by liv+ %afts are kn[n4 ,plant ?\ a tree & ea* recurr+ spr+ ,! /irr+ leaves ?y la/+ praise %all s+4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,pr(4 ,*itt5d51 ( ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college w address y on ,native ,nut ,tree ,plantations = ,mi*igan4 ,,native ,,nut ,,tree ,,plantations ,,9 ,,mi*igan ,,pr(essor ,a4 ,k4 ,,*itt5d51 ,,mi*igan ,,agricultural ,,college ,,ea/ ,,lans+1 ,,mi*igan ,i am v glad ( ?is opportunity to tell y :at ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college is do+1 & :at x ?9ks1 ab\t nut tree plantations 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,i want to say fir/1 t !re is a v g5]al int]e/ 9 nut trees among ! f>m]s & l& own]s ( ! ,/ate4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! lett]s t ! ,=e/ry ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,college receives f f>m]s are ab\t nut culture4 ,!y seem to be p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 pecans1 ,engli% walnuts1 & *e/nuts4 ,a few ye>s ago ! ,/ate 0 flood$ ) lit]ature urg+ p to plant ^! trees & we are /ill feel+ ! aft]ma? ( ?is campaign4 ,mu* ( ?is /ate is too f> nor? = ! successful gr[? ( ^! p>ticul> trees & we !re=e h advis$ wait+ be=e inve/+ heavily 9 "y trees1 until exp]im5ts h %[n :]e !y w\ld succe$ & :at k9ds x w\ld be safe to plant4 ,at ! same "t1 we sugge/$ ! plant+ ( "o or two trees ( c]ta9 v>ieties z an exp]im5t4 ,we h = ! mo/ "p recomm5d$ only our native nut trees = plant+ on a l>ge scale4 ,we h tri$ _m v>ieties ( nut trees1 graft$ on h>dy /ock1 at ! ,college1 & only a few ( !m are alive today4 ,all ( ! pecan trees h be5 lo/ & ne>ly all ( ! ,engli% walnuts4 ,ab\t two ye>s ago1 we got "s ( ,burbank's ,royal walnuts f ,cali=nia4 ,all ( ^! trees except "o1 7 kill$ back ( ! graft ! fir/ w9t]4 ,"o ( !m1 h[ev]1 is do+ well al?\gh gr[+ v sl[ly4 ,x w d\btless succe$ n[1 z x has pull$ ?r\gh two w9t]s1 "o an exceptionally cold "o4 ,ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 we b\ght "s ,sob] ,p>agon *e/nuts f an ea/]n nurs]y :i* _h be5 adv]tis+ !m widely 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,!y 7 all infect$ ) ! ,*e/nut ,blight disease4 ,n[ ?is disease has at ! pres5t "t n appe>$ 9 ,mi*igan1 except on import$ nurs]y /ock4 ,we h a consid]able numb] ( *e/nut plantations 9 ! ,/ate1 & if ! disease c be kept out1 !re is no reason :y *e/nuts _c be rais$ m pr(itably4 ,b our exp]i5ce has %[n t ! trees mu/ be rais$ 9 ?is ,/ate & n br\ght 9 f outside4 ,we h "s v nice *e/nut trees 9 our nurs]y at ! ,college :i* are n[ ?irte5 ye>s old & :i* h be5 be>+ nuts = f\r ye>s4 ,?is fall we are plant+ !m all along ! drives s z to op5 up ! cr[ns & induce a great] production ( nuts4 ,we also h "s ,japanese walnuts t are do+ well inde$4 ,"o ( ^! trees on ! campus is #ce ye>s old & produces a l>ge quantity ( nuts4 ,!re are a numb] ( ,engli% walnuts at v>i\s places along ,lake ,mi*igan 9 ! fruit belt4 ,individual trees w (t5 succe$1 b ! *ances = success are n great en\gh to w>rant a man putt+ v mu* money into a plantation4 ,!re are two ,sob] ,p>agon *e/nuts ne> ,niles :i* are n[ #ab ye>s old & are gr[+ & be>+ well4 ,at ! ,college f>m1 ne> ,gr& ,rapids1 !re are "s pecan trees1 b _! hi/ory %[s t !y h be5 repeat$ly fro/$ back4 ,i c\ld m5tion a great _m cases ( success ) individual import$ trees1 b ,i d n "k ( any ext5sive plantations t h s f> succe$$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a diff]5t /ory to tell ( our native nut trees ( :i* !re are _m successful plantations4 ,our native edible nuts are black walnut1 hickories & *e/nut4 ,!y w gr[ any:]e 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate & along ,lake ,mi*igan4 ,us+ ^! trees z a basis1 ,i believe we c develop1 if x has n already be5 done1 a tree t w be> an improv$ quality ( nuts & t w be p]fectly h>dy4 ,! black walnut is ! tree t did p]haps m ?an any o!r tree to help w9 ! w>1 &1 :ile timb] rais+ & nut culture d n p]haps g h& 9 h&1 probably m black walnuts are be+ plant$ z individual trees ?an any o!r tree 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! black walnut 0 an invaluable tree = gun /ocks & airplane propell]s4 ,! ,w> ,dep>tm5t sc\r$ ! c\ntry to f9d trees = ^! purposes & e black walnut t is n[ plant$1 may be ( s]vice to ! c\ntry 9 ! future4 ,! ,college raises ?\s&s ( black walnuts & ,japanese walnuts ea* ye>1 & ! dem& = !m is v great4 ,:5 we h 9 plant+1 a *oice betwe5 two trees1 "o *oice be+ a tree suitable = %ade only & ! o!r a nut produc+ tree1 ,i w\ld say plant ! nut tree4 ,our trees w h a d\ble appeal if !y furni% n only %ade1 b edible nuts z well4 ,at ! la/ session ( ! ,/ate ,legislature1 an act 0 pass$ provid+ = ! plant+ ( nut & %ade trees along our highways4 ,z a result ( ?is act1 we hope sometime to see ! highways 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate l9$ ) walnut & o!r nut be>+ trees4 ,a tree t w s]ve a d\ble purpose %\ld be plant$ :]ev] possible4 ,tree plant+ is a ?+ 9 :i* we are all int]e/$4 ,^? ( y :o h be5 abroad rememb] ! long r[s ( trees1 (t5 fruit trees1 t l9$ ! roads4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we _c plant fruit trees along our roads z !re is nobody to c>e = !m & disease w\ld quickly />t & spread to our or*>ds4 ,b nut trees c be safely plant$4 ,we h1 on c]ta9 soils 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 recomm5d$ plant+ black walnuts = f5ce po/s4 ,! he>t wood is v durable & ! tree gr[s q rapidly "u favorable conditions4 ,!n1 p]haps :5 ! trees are l>ge en\gh = po/s1 ! own] w decide to keep !m = ! nuts & = timb] production4 ,dur+ ! pa/ summ] ! ,college made a /udy ( native nut tree plantations 9 ! ,/ate ) a view to det]m9+ ! pr(itabl5ess ( su* plantations4 ,among ! old] plantations /udi$ 0 "o 9 ,b]ri5 ,c\nty4 ,x 0 plant$ #de ye>s ago & cov]s f\r acres4 ,! soil is clay & loam ) a clay sub-soil4 ,?ree ye> old se$l+s 7 us$ ) an av]age spac+ ( ab\t #bh by #cb feet4 ,! grove 0 cultivat$ = ab\t #h ye>s aft] plant+4 ,! trees are n[ 9 fairly good condition b _m are affect$ ) he>t-rot4 ,!y are q spread+ & bu%y 9 =m & are n suitable = lumb]4 ,!re is n[ ab\t #cj cords ( wood p] acre4 ,! av]age diamet] is #bj in*es ) an av]age height ( #fj feet4 ,! gr\nd is sodd$ ov] & ! grove is us$ = graz+ %eep4 ,! own] says t ab\t half ! trees be> & t ! ,june bugs are ! pr9cipal s\rce ( tr\ble1 eat+ ! blossoms4 ,! yield 9 nuts v>ies f practically no?+ to #be or #cj bu%els = ! entire plantation4 ,ab\t six ye>s ago1 ! own] reports a crop ( #cf bu%els1 & two ye>s ago a crop ( #bg bu%els4 ,f ^! figures ,i %\ld say ! plantation is a success4 ,a *e/nut plantation 9 ,van ,bur5 ,c\nty 0 set #cg ye>s ago & cov]s "o acre ( s&y soil4 ,! plantation 0 cultivat$ = ab\t t5 ye>s & corn 0 gr[n betwe5 ! trees4 ,! av]age tree is #ad in*es 9 diamet] & #fe feet tall4 ,! returns h be5 small because ! trees 7 plant$ too close toge!r1 b "s ye>s ! plantation has yield$ #ae bu%els ( nuts4 ,!re are #fg trees on ! acre1 :i* is too _m = good nut production4 ,! grove w produce ab\t #bj cords ( wood or ab\t #eej split f5ce po/s p] acre4 ,"o ( ! olde/ plantations 9 ! ,/ate is #ef ye>s old & cov]s #a-a_/b acres 9 ,montcalm ,c\nty4 ,x consi/s ( black walnuts & *e/nuts mix$ toge!r4 ,! av]age black walnut is #ad in*es 9 diamet] & #fg feet tall4 ,! av]age *e/nut is #bj in*es 9 diamet] & #fj feet tall4 ,! spac+ is ab\t #dj by #cj feet & ! soil is a gravelly s&4 ,! yield 9 nuts has be5 q small1 six to eight bu%els a ye>4 ,!re are a numb] ( su* mix$ plantations 9 ! ,/ate & x w\ld seem t ! two trees d n d v well toge!r4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i %\ld say t ! soil is n well suit$ = ei!r tree4 ,!re is a plantation ( ,japanese walnuts 9 ,oakl& ,c\nty4 ,x is five ye>s old & on s&y soil4 ,ab\t #ejj trees 7 plant$ at ! co/ ( #fj c5ts p] tree4 ,! /ock came f ,p5nsylvania & 0 budd$ to ,engli% walnut4 ,! scions di$ back1 h[ev]1 & ! plantation /ock came along s x is n[ a ,japanese walnut grove4 ,! av]age tree is ab\t #b in*es 9 diamet] & #aj feet tall4 ,! trees are v heal?y & vigor\s & are beg9n+ to be> a few nuts4 ,a *e/nut plantation 9 ,van ,bur5 ,c\nty is #ab ye>s old4 ,two foot transplants 7 us$ & ! trees 7 plant$ at ! rate ( #ajj to ! acre4 ,!y 7 cultivat$ = two ye>s4 ,! av]age tree is #d in*es 9 diamet] & #bj feet high4 ,! trees are heal?y & 9 good condition4 ,! grove is yield+ f "o to two bu%els ( nuts a ye> & %\ld be ?9n$ s z to op5 x up & enc\rage nut production4 ,a black walnut plantation 9 ,+ham ,c\nty1 plant$ ab\t #bj ye>s ago = timb] purposes & und]plant$ ) :ite c$> to =ce ! trees to gr[ /raight & tall1 is 9 excell5t condition4 ,! av]age tree is #e in*es 9 diamet] & #cd feet tall4 ,! plantation has n yet borne nuts b if x 7 op5$ up1 w\ld d\btless produce a l>ge numb] 9 a few ye>s4 ,i c\ld give m in/ances ( nut tree plantations 9 ! ,/ate1 b ,i ?9k ,i h m5tion$ en\gh to %[ t our native nut trees c be pr(itably rais$4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 a great _m black walnut plantations h be5 e/abli%$ b mo/ ( !m are yet too "y to be 9 a be>+ condition4 ,if x 7 n = ! difficulty ( gett+ heal?y *e/nut /ock1 ,i believe ,mi*igan w\ld be a l>ge produc] ( ^! nuts4 ,a /udy has be5 made ( ! volume ( ! wood t c\ld be obta9$ f ^! *e/nut plantations4 ,ow+ to ! op5 nature ( ! groves1 ! trees are mo/ly n suitable = lumb] & ! yield ( cordwood & po/s is less ?an 9 a =e/ plantation :]e ! trees are clos] toge!r & =ce ea* o!r to gr[ /raight & tall4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t a *e/nut grove plant$ = nuts1 w\ld yield on ! av]age #ac /&>d cords ( wood p] acre at #bj ye>s ( age1 #bj cords at #cj ye>s1 & #be cords at #dj ye>s ( age4 ,plac+ ! value ( ?is wood at pres5t prices ( #g p] cord1 w\ld give a value ( #ia p] acre at #bj ye>s & #adj p] acre at #cj ye>s = ! wood alone4 ,probably mo/ ( ! *e/nut plantations h be5 plant$ = ! nut & ! black walnuts = timb] ) ! nuts z a side issue4 ,black walnuts %\ld be plant$ on fairly f]tile1 moi/ soil4 ,we d n recomm5d plant+ ! nuts z squirrels are liable to dig !m out4 ,x is bett] to use small trees4 ,! co/ ( e/abli%+ black walnut plantations is q small4 ,native trees c be b\ght = #ae p] ?\s& "o ye> old se$l+s4 ,we pref] to plant ^! small trees z ! black walnut develops a /rong tap root e>ly 9 life1 mak+ x difficult to transplant l>ge trees4 ,only a comp>atively small numb] ( hickories h be5 plant$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,?is is a tree t1 :ile x gr[s sl[ly1 is v valuable = its wood & x is becom+ v sc>ce4 ,x %\ld be plant$ m ext5sively4 ,x may well be plant$ 9 op5+s 9 ! woodlot4 ,e f>m] kn[s ! value ( hickory & ! trees c be utiliz$ :5 q small4 ,x is ne$less to say any?+ ab\t ! value ( black walnut wood4 ,high prices h be5 paid = /&+ trees & = saw logs4 ,_m individual trees h sold = #ejj apiece & ev5 m4 ,prices z high z #abj p] ,m bo>d feet h be5 paid = /&+ timb]4 ,at ! pres5t rate ( cutt+1 x is only a "q ( a few ye>s be=e all ( ! m]*antable black walnut w h be5 remov$1 &1 unless trees are plant$1 ! black walnut w be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,x _c be dep5d$ ^u to reproduce itself 9 our =e/s z d ! maples1 ! a%1 & _m o!r trees ) non$ible se$4 ,= e black walnut tree 9 our woods & along ! roads1 !re are innum]able small boys & squirrels :o are aft] ! nuts & ! se$ h little *ance ( g]m9at+ ev5 if !y d get into ! soil4 ,if !re are to be black walnuts 9 our future =e/s1 ! trees mu/ be plant$ or ! nuts plant$ & prop]ly safegu>d$4 ,f a =e/ry viewpo9t1 ! black walnut is a good tree to plant4 ,x has a high value & ! dem& = ! wood is v great4 ,&1 = plant+1 trees %\ld be *os5 t w give a good quality nut z f> z possible4 ,= ornam5tal plant+1 too1 nut trees may (t5 be *os5 to advantage4 ,= ! f>m y>d !y are (t5 ! be/ *oice4 ,hickories or black walnut are long liv$ trees & ! hickory is v ornam5tal4 ,a great _m trees h be5 plant$ by ! s*ool *ildr5 ( ! ,/ate2 & "r "h is a good field = plant+1 ar\nd our s*ool h\ses4 ,! av]age c\ntry s*ool gr\nd is a =lorn place1 usually b>r5 ( bo? grass & %ade4 ,:ile we p]haps _c h a lawn1 we c c]ta9ly h %ade trees1 & ! *ildr5 w take c>e ( !m & wat* _! developm5t ) int]e/1 p>ticul>ly if !y h a "p 9 plant+ !m4 ,a few ye>s ago ! ,college di/ribut$ ab\t #fjjj trees to ! s*ools ( ! /ate = ,arbor ,day & _m ( ^! trees 7 black walnuts4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 ! ,collage has n rais$ en\gh ( ^! trees to meet ! dem&4 ,z memorial trees1 also1 nut trees are be+ q ext5sively plant$4 ,a great _m black walnuts h be5 plant$ 9 ! honor ( our soldi]s :o gave _! lives 9 ! w> & x is a v suitable tree to plant = ?is purpose4 ,n[ t our =e/s are becom+ m sc>ce1 we are beg9n+ to appreciate m fully ! value ( _! products4 ,nuts1 extracts1 maple syrup & _m m9or products are obta9$ f our native trees4 ,if man c\ld be surr\nd$ ) ! "r assortm5t ( trees1 he w\ld ne$ little else4 ,he w\ld h food 9 ! nuts & fruit2 fire wood & build+ mat]ial 9 ! /ems1 z well z pap] & clo?+ f ! wood pulp4 ,he w\ld h sug> f ! sap1 m$ic9e f ! b>k1 & he w\ld h wood di/illates1 turp5t9e & res94 ,he c\ld live long & well on ! products ( our =e/s4 ,our =e/s are1 h[ev]1 disappe>+4 ,our native nut trees are be+ cut (f4 ,our sug> maple or*>ds are be+ put into f>m l&1 & =e/ products are increas+ rapidly 9 price4 ,we h got to keep a c]ta9 "p ( ! c\ntry 9 =e/s 9 ord] to h ! c\ntry prosp]\s1 & to d ?is we mu/ ei!r plant trees or s manage ! exi/+ =e/s t !y w r5ew !mselves naturally4 ,9 plant+ trees1 we %\ld n ov]look ! by-products ( ! trees1 nuts & syrup & b>k4 ,^! products are (t5 ! ma9 crop 9 !mselves & 9 any case1 !y w increase ! receipts & make our =e/ry "w m pr(itable4 ,!re are _m acres 9 s\!rn ,mi*igan & along ! ,lake1 t w give l>g] returns f nut tree plantations ?an f any o!r s\rce4 ,we want fir/ to be sure t ! trees are h>dy to ! locality be=e we recomm5d !m4 ,i believe !re is a v big future = su* plantations4 ,! hi/ory ( s\!rn plantations has be5 "o ( rem>kable success4 ,we mu/ be p>ticul>ly c>eful 9 advis+ ! e/abli%m5t ( nut tree plantations4 ,we ought to be p>ticul>ly c>eful 9 n enc\rag+ p to buy trees t we are n sure w succe$4 ,= e plantation t fails means a loss ( money & an ob/acle to future progress4 ,b e tree t succe$s means an adv]tisem5t = ye>s to come4 ,i d n see any reason :y s\!rn ,mi*igan _c raise _m improv$ v>ieties ( black walnut & p]haps "s o!r nut trees z well4 ,our /udy ( native nut tree plantations ?is summ]1 %[s t ) prop] c>e !y may be v pr(itable & we hope to see a great ext5sion ( su* plantations 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,,pr(4 ,,*itt5d53 ,i w\ld l to say t ! ,college has be5 v favorably impress$ ) ! "w t ?is ,association has be5 do+ & ! c>e t is us$ 9 recomm5d+ nut trees4 ,x is a ?+ ! p ne$ a lot ( advice ab\t4 ,i ?ank y4 7,applause74 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i w\ld l to ask if ! pecans t 7 t5d] 7 nor!rn or s\!rn pecans4 ,,pr(4 ,,*itt5d53 ,we got !m f a nurs]y 9 ,new ,york ,/ate & ,i c\ld n say z to ! s\rce ( ! /ock beyond t4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,naturally ! s\!rn s\rce is ! *eape/ tree4 ,,pr(4 ,,*itt5d53 ,we got ! trees f a nurs]y t _h be5 adv]tis+ !m v ext5sively 9 ,mi*igan4 ,x 0 ab\t five ye>s ago1 at a "t :5 ?is ,/ate _h be5 flood$ ) lit]ature f ?is nurs]y & o!r nurs]ies ab\t p>ticul>ly pecans & *e/nuts4 ,we 7 d\btful ab\t ! trees !y 7 recomm5d+1 & we got a consid]able numb] & plant$ !m out1 b we took pretty good c>e ( !m2 b !y all di$ 9 w9t]4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x is a pity t p :o d ! mo/ adv]tis+ h to4 ,c]ta9 firms are n all[$ to adv]tise 9 nut j\rnals at all4 ,i ?9k ! public ought to be made aw>e ( t fact4 ,x is a pity too1 because ! ones :o sp5d ! l>ge/ am\nt ( money 9 adv]tis+ are ! ones ( :om we ask ! mo/ que/ions4 ,9 reg>d to ,pr(4 ,*itt5d5's pap]1 x is a v important matt] to impress ^u *ildr5 & o!rs :o are sett+ out trees ! idea t a tree is n able to c>e = itself z a rule4 ,x is q ! exception = a tree set out by itself to ?rive & ent] into competition ) o!r trees & bu%es & %ade1 9 ! e>ly ye>s1 & insects lat]4 ,i suppose ! numb] ( ord9>y trees includ+ maples t make _! way to a successful old age w\ld n repres5t "o 9 _m hundr$ ?\s&s t make a />t 9 ! spr\t+ se$4 ,t fact ought to be impress$ on e s*ool *ild :o is sett+ out a tree--he really %\ld adopt t tree & make t its own *ild4 ,& if y c inculcate ! mat]nal & ! pat]nal in/9ct along ) ! sett+ out ( f "o to six *ildr5 ( ^! o!r *ildr51 y w !n get trees on y\r roadsides & y\r wa/e l&s1 & )\t a great am\nt ( difficulty4 ,b y h got to g back to fir/ pr9ciples !re & realize t v few trees are able to succe$ aft] !y h be5 set out unless !y receive a great deal ( c>e subsequ5tly4 ,^? ( u :o give a great deal ( att5tion to trees1 :o pret5d to c>e = our trees1 w lose a p]c5tage s l>ge t ,i w\ld h>dly d>e /ate :at x probably is4 ,among ! hundr$s & ?\s&s ( trees ,i h set out1 all f reputable nurs]ym5 or rais$ by myself2 ,i d\bt if #be are alive today1 & ,i h pretty good success too4 ,?is is n to disc\rage anyone2 x is to enc\rage p1 & !y are to be enc\rag$ by kn[+ ! facts2 & :5 all ! f9al facts are kn[n ab\t ! values ( trees t are giv5 prop] att5tion1 !n p w be will+ to give !m t degree ( att5tion4 ,n until !n are we to h success 9 fill+ our wa/e l&s ) nut trees4 ,pr(4 ,*itt5d5 br\ght up "o po9t ( a great deal ( consequ5ce4 ,9 any locality plant ! species :i* belong to t locality4 ,! species :i*1 by natural selection & adaptation h fitt$ !mselves to ! environm5t are1 z a rule1 ! trees :i* w d be/ 9 t locality4 ,t is a pr9ciple ,i ?9k :i* ought to be ?or\ghly well fix$ 9 m9d4 ,"o may exp]im5t ) any numb] ( trees f a di/ance1 b ! trees :i* naturally h adapt$ !mselves to a locality1 ! species :i* h done t are ! species ^u :i* we c exp5d our ef=ts to ! be/ advantage4 ,9 ! matt] ( *e/nut blight1 we assume t ! *e/nut blight w act l measles blight1 sc>let fev] blight1 or any o!r epidemic4 ,9 o!r words1 x is due to a microbe1 x is due to a peculi> microbic gr\p1 a peculi> family gr\p :i* happ5$ to />t out 9 nor!rn ,*9a on its invasion & got to ?is c\ntry :]e x f\nd trees :i* 7 n resi/ant4 ,! ,am]ican & ,european trees are n resi/ant4 ,:]ev] x has gone f nor!rn ,*9a1 f ! place :]e blight1 ! tree ho/ & enemy grew up side by side1 & repres5t$ ! survival ( ! fitte/2 :]ev] x has gone away f ! place :]e we h ! survival ( ! fitte/1 at any rate z a result ( /ruggle1 !re x has f\nd susceptible individuals t x has de/roy$4 ,:5 a blight ( any sort sets out1 *e/nut blight1 measles1 sc>let fev]--any blight y please1 y are talk+ natural hi/ory1 y are tak+ biology1 ab\t an animal or a plant1 ab\t a microbe1 a liv+ ?+4 ,all ( ^! liv+ ?+s run out ( _! vital en]gy 9 "t4 ,ea* microbe runs out ( its en]gy j z a bre$ ( horses or ( /rawb]ries runs out ( its en]gy4 ,all v>ieties1 v>ietal types1 run out ( _! natural en]gy1 s t x is simply a "q ( l5g? ( "t be=e ?is family microbe or family gr\p ( ?is microbe w lose its en]gy4 ,we d n "k h[ _m ye>s t w be4 ,x may be a great _m ye>s1 & by t "t1 our *e/nuts may practically h disappe>$4 ,we c f9d "h & !re a tree :i* resi/s bett] ?an o!rs d1 & we may f9d "s ) en\gh resi/ance to be wor?y ( propagation z ( t resi/ant k9d4 ,we "k t sev]al species resi/ ! blight v well4 ,i f\nd f\r species t resi/ ! blight v well among six k9ds ,i h tri$ out on my place4 ,b "s *e/nuts be> s e>ly & heavily t we may af=d to set !m out1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( blight1 trimm+ !m back & look+ aft] !m c>efully3 ,= in/ance1 a numb] ( ,sob] ,p>agon *e/nuts t ,i plant$ all di$ b "o t is ne> ! h\se4 ,x be>s s heavily t x is well wor? :ile1 & x simply means t "o mu/ give a great deal ( att5tion to x4 ,"s p c af=d ev5 to set out ! ,p>agon because ( its high be>+ p[]4 ,i h a numb] ( hybrids :i* resi/ ! blight v well4 ,! cross betwe5 ! ,am]ican *e/nut & ! ,japanese1 or betwe5 ! common ,am]ican *e/nut & ! *9quap9s %[$ ! resi/ance v l>gely ( ! resi/ant p>5t4 ,b curi\sly en\gh1 ! ones :i* look mo/ l ! ,am]ican *e/nut also c>ry t p>5t's weakness 9 reg>d to blight1 s t all ( my hybrids betwe5 ! ,am]ican *e/nut & ! resi/ant k9ds :i* look l ! ,am]ican *e/nut & act l x also cat* ! same microbe = ! mo/ "p4 ,b "o ( ! hybrids does n4 ,no4 #b :i* ,i h giv5 ,mr4 ,jones1 is v mu* l ! ,am]ican *e/nut4 ,x gr[s vigor\sly1 acts l x1 & looks l x1 & x has n blight$ up to ! n9? ye> ( age1 beg9n+ to be> ab\t ! f\r? ye>4 ,mo/ ( ^? t are l ! *9quap9 or l ! ,*9ese *e/nut resi/ blight v well4 ,ab\t ,japanese walnuts4 ,if ,pr(4 ,*itt5d5 has a l>ge numb] ( ,japanese walnuts ab\t ! /ate1 he may v well select "o or two ( ! v be/ & advise ! own]s to top "w ! o!rs ) ! "o or two :i* happ5 to be p>ticul>ly good4 ,mo/ ( ! ,japanese walnuts are small4 ,mo/ ( !m are ,siebold type in/ead ( ! he>t nut v>iety1 b a few v l>ge ones w be f\nd "h & !re & ( high quality1 & !y graft almo/ z easily z pea*es4 ,9 reg>d to ,p]sian walnuts4 ,if !re are a few trees "h & !re ab\t ! /ate1 we ne$ n fe> ! "q ( introduc+ o!rs because x is too f> nor?4 ,if y simply h "o tree t is a good "o1 t is en\gh1 because y c graft ov] all sorts ( black walnuts1 ,japanese walnut & ,p]sian walnut /ocks ) ! "o or two trees :i* are kn[n to be good 9 ,mi*igan4 ,"o good tree 9 ! /ate :i* is be>+ good nuts ( desirable qualities is en\gh4 ,graft all ( y\r o!r walnuts back f x4 ,& 9 sett+ out ! native black walnuts1 *e/nuts & ! hickories ( diff]5t species1 x is important always to di/+ui% 9 reg>d to int5tion--:e!r !y are to be = =e/ purposes or = nut purposes4 ,t is n always cle> 9 ! m9ds ( a numb] ( p :om ,i h se5 sett+ out groves ( ^! trees4 ,!y talk ab\t gett+ timb] & nuts4 ,y c n get bo? pr(itably4 ,i ?9k p ought to be impress$ ) ! fact t if !y are sett+ out apple trees = timb] !y w\ld set !m five or six feet ap>t4 ,if !y are sett+ !m out = apples1 !y w\ld set !m sixty feet ap>t4 ,precisely ! same ?+ is true ( nut trees4 7,applause74 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,morris h[ he protects grafts ! fir/ ye>4 ,grafts gr[+ ! fir/ ye> are v t5d]1 put 9 late1 & !y w (t5 w9t] kill 9 ! tree t is p]fectly h>dy o!rwise4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,mr4 ,jones is q "r ab\t t1 & t is a matt] requir+ m exp]i5ce ?an ,i h at ! pres5t "t4 ,:at ,i h done 9 ! way ( protection fairly well is ?is3 ,= in/ance1 if ,i graft ,p]sian walnut on black walnut & x makes a late />t & !n 9 ,septemb] has a v sappy gr[?1 or 9 ,octob] has a sappy gr[? ( ?ree or f\r or five feet 7!y gr[ trem5d\sly fa/1 l we$s7 if ! b>k at ! base ( ! graft is br[n or has two or ?ree buds t are br[n or p>tially rip5$1 ,i cut (f f\r or five ( ! fir/ leaves & let !m h>d54 ,!n 9 ! fall ,i cut (f all b ^? f\r or five buds & put wax ov] ! end4 ,t is ! way ,i avoid ! w9t] kill+ ( ! sappy gr[?4 ,z soon z ! "p ne>e/ ! graft$ place beg9s to turn br[n1 looks l h>d5+ up & two or ?ree buds are pretty h>d1 ,i cut (f f\r or five ( ^? leaves "r !re & let ! buds rip51 & ^? buds w rip5 v well4 ,i w sacrifice five or six buds = ! sake ( sav+ ?ree or f\r buds4 ,! next ye> !y gr[ all "r4 ,t is n a nice way1 b :5 y see y are go+ to lose a ?+ on acc\nt ( sapp9ess1 t w sometimes "w4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i g5]ally wrap ! base ( ! limb 9 burlap4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,if ! sappy tip dies1 x poisons ! re/4 ,!re are poison\s enzymes t poison ! re/ ( x4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i 0 go+ to ask ,pr(4 ,*itt5d5 if he c\ld give any exp]i5ce ) ! nam$ v>ieties ( black walnuts4 ,,pr(4 ,,*itt5d53 ,i don't ?9k ,i c\ld di/+ui% betwe5 ! v>ieties ( black walnut t h be5 plant$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,t is n a ?+ t ,i feel able to discuss4 ,i "k t a numb] ( diff]5t v>ieties ( black walnut h be5 plant$4 ,at ! ,college we h done a good deal ( graft+ on ! black walnuts1 & we h n _h v good success4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i _h 9 m9d improv$ v>ieties ( black walnut graft$ on ! black walnut /ock4 ,,pr(4 ,,*itt5d53 ,i don't ?9k we h _h any exp]i5ce ( t4 ,we always get a good deal ( wood f ,p5nsylvania 9 ! spr+ & d ! graft+ 9 class4 ,we c n expect a v high grade ( "w :5 ! /ud5ts d x z a "p ( _! "w ( in/ruction4 ,!re are "s black walnuts 9 ! /ate t h v good nuts1 & "s t h n4 ,i h tri$ to get = our nurs]y good nuts f trees t _h a good native nut4 ,we h _h s mu* difficulty gett+ black walnuts at all ! la/ few ye>s t we h tak5 j :at we c\ld get4 ,we get nuts f all ov] ! c5tral "p ( ! /ate & plant 9 ! nurs]y to get our se$l+ trees4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i h f\nd "s ( ! nam$ v>ieties ( black walnuts be>+ 9 q a numb] ( sections ( ?is /ate & o!r /ates4 ,!y seem to be> q "y4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,jones has p>tly prep>$ a pap] on ,pecans o!r ?an ^? ( ! well kn[n sections1 b z x has be5 impossible to complete x1 x w be h&$ to ! secret>y lat]1 & ins]t$ 9 ! proce$+s4 ,,pecans ,,o!r ,,?an ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,well ,,kn[n ,,sections ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,pecans h be5 gr[n 9 ! ,s\? = a good _m ye>s1 &1 ) ! adv5t ( budd$ & graft$ trees ( sup]ior v>ieties 9 m rec5t ye>s1 ! indu/ry made great /rides & n[ t ! product ( "s ( ^! graft$ or*>ds is com+ on ! m>ket & sell+ readily at high prices1 ! economic value & importance ( ! pecan is becom+ to be m fully appreciat$4 ,! success ( ! pecan 9 ! ,s\?1 l$ "s plant]s 9 ! nor!rn /ates to make exp]im5tal plant+s ( ^! s\!rn v>ieties b !y h prov5 disappo9t+1 z might be expect$1 s9ce our seasons are too %ort = ! nuts to mature1 ev5 :]e ! trees are h>dy4 ,i h se5 ! ,/u>t1 "o ( ! l>ge/ s\!rn pecans1 :5 gr[n 9 ,lanca/] & ,adams ,c\nties1 ,pa41 n half z l>ge z ! ,indiana sorts & ) little or no k]nel4 ,! ,s*ley1 "o ( ! f9e/ s\!rn pecans1 :5 gr[n 9 ,adams ,co41 ,pa41 is s small t no "o w\ld recognize x & x has no k]nel at all4 ,9 v rec5t ye>s1 l>gely ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( a few progressive m5 9 ,indiana1 f9e v>ieties ( ! pecan h be5 discov]$ 9 ,indiana & ,k5tucky1 & ^! v>ieties are be+ propagat$ & plant$ ov] ! nor!rn /ates g5]ally4 ,:ile ! discov]y ( ^! v>ieties & _! propagation m>k$ a big /ep =w>d 9 ext5d+ ! cultural range ( ! pecan & mak+ x possible to gr[ ?is nut sev]al hundr$ miles nor? ( ! s\!rn pecan belt1 n unlike ! s\!rn v>ieties1 ! ,indiana & ,k5tucky v>ieties are necess>ily limit$ 9 _! range ( adaptability1 & x is p]haps n safe to recomm5d !m = plant+1 except possibly 9 ! m favor$ localities1 nor? ( ! #dj? p>allel & s\? !re( & possibly 9 ! elevat$ or m\nta9 sections !y %\ld n be recomm5d$ = plant+ nor? ( latitude #ch degrees4 ,! advantages ( secur+ v>ieties = propagation !re=e f z f> nor? z possible is obvi\s4 ,i h exam9$ a good _m sample pecans f ,miss\ri & ,kansas1 "s ( :i* are excell5t1 b1 aside f possibly be+ a little h>di] 9 tree1 !y h no advantage ov] ! f9e ,indiana & ,k5tucky v>ieties t we already h1 unless ( c\rse1 !y %\ld be bett] adapt$ to plant+ 9 ! we/]n /ates4 ,9 its natural range1 ! pecan is f\nd gr[+ f>!r nor? along ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 9 ,i[a & ,ill9ois1 ?an any:]e else 9 ! c\ntry1 & naturally we turn$ to ^! pecan =e/s hop+ to f9d a v>iety be>+ nuts ( a size & quality to m]it propagation & dissem9ation nor? ( ! belt :]e x is safe to recomm5d ! plant+ ( ! ,indiana v>ieties4 ,z a result ( correspond5ce ) an ,i[a nurs]yman 9 ! fall ( #aiad1 ,i engag$ ! s]vices ( a compet5t man to ga!r pecans = me at ,muscat9e1 ,i[a4 ,foll[+ my in/ructions1 ?is man se>*$ ! woods 9 t locality to f9d :at ,i want$ = propagation & z a result1 nuts 7 s5t me f sev]al trees :i* 7 c>efully m>k$ s t 9 case scions 7 want$ f any ( ! trees1 !y w\ld be readily id5tifi$4 ,?is man seem$ to be v en?usia/ic ab\t ! nuts he s5t me1 &1 z he _h made a bus9ess ( ga!r+ pecans1 & he knew ! pecans 9 t section well1 ,i felt t he _h s5t me ! be/ t he _h !re4 ,none ( ! pecans s5t _h suffici5t size & m]it to propagate h[ev]1 & ,i gave ! matt] up4 ,=tunately1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 ,toronto1 ,canada1 0 endeavor+ ! same fall or w9t] to get pecans to gr[ trees t w\ld succe$ 9 ,canada & he b\ght pecans f a deal] 9 ,burl+ton1 ,i[a4 ,^u receiv+ ?is lot ( nuts1 ,mr4 ,corsan 0 a/oni%$ at _! l>ge size1 z he expect$ t pecans f ! nor!rn limit ( ! pecan to be ( small size4 ,?9k+ t ?is p>ty _h s5t him s\!rn pecans1 ,mr4 ,corsan wrote him at once t he did n want s\!rn pecans1 expla9+ t he want$ !m = plant+4 ,?is p>ty repli$ t ! nuts s5t him 7 g5u9e ,i[a pecans4 ,kn[+ my int]e/ 9 ! matt]1 ,mr4 ,corsan wrote me dur+ ! spr+ ( #aiae1 giv+ me ! facts 9 ! case & urg$ t ,i g to ,burl+ton ! next fall & look up a v>iety = propagation4 ,fall came on1 b ) x1 s mu* to d & ) %ort help1 due to w> conditions1 t ,i _h to give up ! trip1 b1 at ,mr4 ,corsan's sugge/ion1 ,i took ! matt] up ) ,mr4 ,ed4 ,g4 ,m>qu>dt1 ,burl+ton1 ,i[a1 ) ! result t ! matt] 0 plac$ 9 8 h&s1 ) ! assurance f ,mr4 ,m>qu>dt t he w\ld d ! v be/ he c\ld = u4 ,mr4 ,m>qu>dt employ$ a man :o _h made a bus9ess ( ga!r+ pecans !re & :o knew ! trees be>+ ! l>ge/ nuts1 & ) ! help ( ?is man1 f9ally locat$ a tree #bj miles nor? ( ,burl+ton be>+ v l>ge pecans ( ?9 %ell & spl5did quality4 ,al?\gh mo/ ( ! nuts _h be5 ga!r$1 ! husks on ! gr\nd indicat$ x _h be5 be>+ good crops4 ,?is tree 0 m>k$ & "s ( ! nuts s5t to me4 ,^! pecans ,i consid]$ rem>kably f9e = s f> nor?4 ,!y 7 fully z l>ge z ! ,indiana1 ) ev5 a ?9n] %ell & a full k]nel ( excell5t quality4 ,) ! help ( ,mr4 ,m>qu>dt1 scions 7 secur$ f ?is tree ! foll[+ spr+1 & graft+ prov$ v successful1 :i* we consid] v =tunate1 z ?is l& 0 cle>$ dur+ ! w> & ?is tree met ! fate ( o!rs1 be+ turn$ into lumb] & x is no m4 ,?is v>iety has be5 giv5 ,mr4 ,m>qu>dt's "n4 ,com+ f #bj miles nor? ( ,burl+ton1 ,i[a1 9 nor? latitude #da degrees1 ,i %all expect ! ,m>qu>dt to succe$ any :]e s\? ( ! ,great ,lakes4 ,! ,indiana & ,buss]on pecans orig9at$ f>!r nor? ?an any o!rs ( ! ,indiana gr\p1 ! orig9al trees ( :i* are gr[+ 9 ! ,waba% ,riv] bottom1 we/ ( ,oakt[n1 ,ind41 ab\t #aj miles s\? ( latitude #ci4 ,mo/ ( ! ,indiana & ,k5tucky v>ieties are f latitude #ch degrees1 or approximately #bjj miles s\? ( :]e ! ,m>qu>dt orig9at$4 ,! climate ( ,i[a is also consid]ably cold] ?an is ! same latitude f>!r ea/1 due to ! m op5 "* ( ! c\ntry we/ & to ! influ5ce ( ! ,great ,lakes f>!r ea/4 ,! pecans !re are n only necess>ily h>di]1 b h to mature _! fruit 9 a %ort] season1 :i* is all important 9 a v>iety = nor!rn plant+1 z x has be5 %[n t ! pecan is h>dy 9 tree consid]ably nor? ( :]e x w mature its fruit prop]ly4 ,realiz+ ! importance ( ! ,i[a pecans = nor!rn plant+ & realiz+ ! build+ ( ! big p[] dam on ! ,mississippi ,riv] at ,keokuk1 ,i[a1 & ! consequ5t rais+ ( ! wat] level = consid]able di/ance up ! riv] toge!r ) build+ ( levees & cle>+ ( ! =e/s1 ?reat5$ ! de/ruction ( _m ( ! pecan trees & pecan =e/s1 ,mr4 ,bixby sp5t ne>ly a week dur+ ! pa/ fall 9 ! pecan =e/s & groves along ! ,mississippi ,riv] ar\nd ,cl9ton1 ,ia41 & ,burl+ton1 ,ia4 ,! facts ( ! foll[+ p>agraphs 7except ! la/ two7 ,i h tak5 f 8 notes3 ,^! pecan trees at ,cl9ton1 ,i[a1 are ! mo/ nor!rly gr[+ ( ! native pecans s f> discov]$4 ,!y are on ! isl&s 9 ! riv] & on ! bottom l&s1 :]e ! l& at l[ wat] is only a few feet above ! wat] level1 & at high wat]1 sev]al feet "u wat]4 ,! trees c]ta9ly are n suff]+ f lack ( moi/ure4 ,! soil is alluvial1 seem+ly ( unkn[n dep?s & mu/ be v f]tile1 enri*$ z x is by ! deposits left by ! high wat]s ea* ye>1 or sometimes1 sev]al times a ye>4 ,no pecan trees "u six in*es 9 diamet] 7 se5 "h1 & !y rang$ f t size up to #bd in*es 9 trunk diamet] #he feet tall4 ,no trees be>+ l>ge pecan nuts 7 se51 al?\gh ! flavor ( ! k]nels ( practically all ( ! trees 0 good4 ,crops ( nuts 7 irregul> & seem+ly n s good z !y 7 "s ye>s4 ,none ( ! trees ne> ,cl9ton 7 deem$ wor?y ( propagation4 ,! pecans at ,burl+ton are gr[+ "u simil> conditions to ^? at ,cl9ton1 b !y are mu* m num]\s1 !re be+ ?\s&s ( !m1 "s be+ l>g] ?an any se5 at ,cl9ton4 ,f\r trees1 includ+ ! ,m>qu>dt1 h be5 discov]$ & br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! association by ,mr4 ,ed4 ,g4 ,m>qu>dt & ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,witte ( ,burl+ton4 ,cuts ( ^! nuts1 natural size1 are %[n opposite page #dh4 ,! ,m>qu>dt is be+ propagat$ by me & ! o!r ?ree v>ieties by ,snyd] ,bros41 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,i[a4 ,f ! appe>ance ( ! leaves1 buds & habit ( gr[? ( ! ,m>qu>dt pecan1 x seem$ to me t ! tree _h hickory blood 9 x1 al?\gh ! nut did n sugge/ x2 & ,i int5d$ to look into ?is matt] fully1 on a trip to ,i[a ! pa/ fall1 b f9d+ ,i c\ld n g1 ,i gave ,mr4 ,bixby samples ( ! nuts1 leaves & twigs & told him :at ,i expect$1 & he _h ?is 9 m9d dur+ 8 trip4 ,he nev] f\nd "y pecan trees gr[+ 9 ! woods b did f9d !m gr[+ 9 l>ge numb]s on ! levees & on ! edges ( cultivat$ fields4 ,a c>eful exam9ation %[$ a v consid]able v>iation 9 leaf1 bud & habit ( gr[? & !re seem$ little "q b t !re 7 among !m _m hybrids betwe5 ! pecan & ! big bottom %ellb>k1 ,c>ya lac9iosa1 :i* is f\nd gr[+ on ! bottom l&s & ! isl&s along ) ! pecan4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 two ( ! f\r ,i[a pecans select$ = propagation1 ! ,burl+ton & ! ,gre5bay1 %[ unmi/akable evid5ce ( hybrid p>5tage 9 ! nut1 9 ! leaves & buds4 ,! ,m>qu>dt gives no h9t ( su* p>5tage 9 ! nut1 b ! leaves & buds d sugge/ t x has hickory blood 9 its make up1 & x is believ$ t ?is is s4 ,! ,witte is seem+ly a pure pecan4 ,!re has rec5tly be5 mu* done ne> ,burl+ton 9 reclaim+ valuable1 cultivatable l&s f ! riv] :i* =m]ly ov]fl[$ !m ea* ye> s t p 7 afraid to plant crops & !y 7 !re=e ab&on$ to ! =e/s4 ,levees h rec5tly be5 built to keep ! wat] (f ^! l&s 9 "t ( high wat]4 ,dra9age dit*es h be5 made beh9d !m & pump+ plants put 9 to pump ! wat] out ( !m4 ,! co/ ( ^! improvem5ts1 :i* has giv5 to cultivation mu* v f]tile l&1 has be5 assess$ on ! own]s ( ! l&s b5efit$1 z is also ! upkeep exp5se4 ,_m own]s _h n ! money to pay ! assessm5ts & h sold ! l& to ^? :o are cle>+ (f ! timb]4 ,?is means ! cle>+ ( ?\s&s ( acres ( bottom l& & ! pecan is "o ( ! pr9ciple trees on ^! bottom l&s4 ,?is condition makes x necess>y to locate & propagate at once1 ! be/ & mo/ promis+ ( ^! ,i[a pecans & hybrids & obs]ve _! behavior aft]w>ds 9 ! "y trees1 in/ead ( dep5d+ on ! wat*+ ( ! behavior ( ! orig9al trees z has be5 ! case 9 ,indiana4 ,i feel reluctant to close ?is address )\t m5tion+ ! good "w done by ,secret>ies ,dem+ & ,bixby & o!r memb]s ( ?is ,association 9 se>*+ = v>ieties ( nuts t may be sup]ior to :at we already h4 ,^? ( u :o are propagat+ ^! trees1 :ile we may feel ! inspiration t comes f do+ a "w t b5efits mank9d1 nev]!less1 we hope & expect to make doll>s & c5ts out ( gr[+ ^! trees1 :ile ?is is n ! case ) "s ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,association :o are n nurs]ym5 & :o d n expect to ent] ?is field4 ,dr4 ,dem+1 =m] ,secret>y ( ?is ,association1 did mu* good "w & secur$ "s f9e nuts wor?y ( propagation1 ?r\gh adv]tis+ & ! (f]+ ( premiums1 & ,mr4 ,bixby1 :o v k9dly took up ?is "w :5 ,dr4 ,dem+ 0 call$ to ! colors1 has be5 active & is do+ a great "w = nor!rn nut culture4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we w n[ h a graft+ demon/ration by ,mr4 ,jones4 ,mr4 ,jones _h br\ght ) him specim5s ( /ock1 scions & all ! mat]ials & tools ne$$ = ! demon/ration1 & p]=m$ ! v>i\s op]ations ( graft+ & budd+ be=e ! audi5ce4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,we (t5 use scions half or ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 = graft+1 b !y are r h>d to get4 ,9 top work+1 we g5]ally take limbs two to f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 cut !m (f1 & split ! b>k4 ,! nut graft+ mu/ all be done late :5 ! sap is up 9 ! trees4 ,cut ! scions all on "o side4 ,split ! b>k1 slip 9 ! scion1 tie up & wax ! :ole scion ov] ) graft+ wax1 put x on hot & seal x up tight4 ,sometimes = w9t] protection ( ! ,engli% walnut z f> nor? z ,mi*igan y\r tip might kill back because x gr[s s v fa/ & is sappy4 ,i h nev] ,illu/ration3 ,,pecans ,,f ,,burl+ton1 ,,ia _h trees kill 9 t way1 b ,i d h _m p write me t !y h trees kill$ 9 t way4 ,9 nurs]y graft+1 we usually use j ! cleft me?od4 ,y %\ld cut ! cleft on "o side & don't split x1 b keep x smoo? all ! way ?r\gh4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y get bett] results1 ,mr4 ,jones1 f wax+ ! entire scion8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,yes1 we get bett] results t way4 ,9 ! ,s\? we h no success at all t way2 we h to cov] !m ) sacks4 ,,voice3 ,ab\t :at degree ( heat is be/ = ! wax8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,don't h x too hot & x c't burn4 ,y c tell t by ! wax smok+4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,z long z ! wax does n smoke1 x is pretty safe4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,?is illu/rates :at we call a side graft4 ,put ! scion 9 ! side & leave ! top on4 ,y c also d x 9 b>k graft+4 ,cut y\r b>k1 split x1 & /ick y\r scion /raight d[n z x is "h4 ,,voice3 ,h[ d y apply ! hot wax8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,) a swab or bru%4 ,we use a c>bon heat] & t makes x ab\t ! "r temp]ature4 ,,voice3 ,h[ l>ge black walnut trees c\ld be top work$ to ,engli% walnuts8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,y c "w almo/ any siz$ tree1 b x is q a job 9 ! l>ge tree4 ,take a tree l>g] ?an six in*es 9 diamet]1 or eight1 & x w\ld n be v satisfactory4 ,9 cutt+ ! scions be c>eful to make a /raight surface on ! cut bevel4 ,to d t ! knife %\ld be held at an angle l5g?wise to ! scion4 ,9 our graft+ 9 ! ,s\? we leave ! scion dry & cov] x ) a bag4 ,t 0 9 ,florida4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,t is a v int]e/+ "q ab\t ! limits ( our us+ ! me?od ( cov]+ ! scion & all ) ! wax4 ,i %all speak ( t 9 my own graft+ demon/ration :i* is %ort4 ,i got ! po9t f ,mr4 ,jones1 & ,mr4 ,jones tells me he got x f ,mr4 ,riehl4 ,!y use black wax & h>d1 /rong wax4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,mr4 ,riehl uses a liquid wax1 res9 & beeswax )\t ! color+ matt]4 ,we use ! color+ matt] to t\gh5 ! wax4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,/ill1 t is amb]4 ,amb] w cut out light1 & x seems to me t x is a matt] ( a good deal ( consequ5ce1 ! black or amb] wax cov]+ ! graft completely1 buds & all1 w\nd1 scion1 /ock4 ,x succe$s 9 ! ,nor?1 succe$s bett] ?an any o!r me?od 9 graft+1 & yet 9 ! ,s\? x does n succe$4 ,x is possible t z y get fur!r s\? ! long] sun1 ! hott] sun scalds ! cambium lay] ( b>k b5ea? :5 x w\ld n d s 9 ! ,nor?4 ,t is at lea/ wor? ?9k+ ab\t4 ,9 my own "w dur+ ! pa/ ye> ,i h us$ transp>5t p>aff9 alone1 no?+ else4 ,i h tri$ diff]5t k9ds ( p>aff91 ! ,p>[ax1 ! common "o t ! wom5 put up pres]ves ) is ! "o t w /ay on be/1 w n crack & is p]fectly transp>5t1 all[+ ! light ( ! sun to act ^u ! *lorophyl1 9 ! b>k & ! bud & int5sify ! activity ( t "p ( ! plant t dep5ds ^u light trans=mation by means ( *lorophyl4 ,i am v mu* int]e/$ to "k if ?is w n succe$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,p>aff9 w\ld n attract ! heat ( ! sun1 & x is possible t ?is w all[ u to c>ry ! me?od ( ,mr4 ,jones1 ! be/ me?od to date1 /ill f>!r s\?4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i ?9k1 ,doctor1 x is a matt] ( heat1 because 9 ! %ade y c graft !m almo/ any way4 ,d y cov] ! scion ) p>aff9 or only ! union8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i cov] ! entire ?+ ) p>aff91 scions1 buds & all includ+ ! wrapp+4 ,i don't leave any?+ expos$ to ! air4 ,!re are sev]al pr9ciples involv$ !re4 ,9 ! fir/ place y h ! effect ( light ^u *lorophyl :i* is important2 9 ! second place1 ! melt$ p>aff9 fills all int]/ices 9 :i* sap w\ld collect & f]m5t4 ,if ^? int]/ices are fill$ ) melt$ p>aff91 sap w n collect !re & f]m5t4 ,! microbes ( bact]ial & fungus orig91 t prev5t union & break d[n ! products ( repair t are ?r[n out = ! purpose ( repair1 c n d x if !y c n collect 9 quantity1 & ! p>aff9 fills ! space 9 :i* !y w\ld collect 9 quantity2 s t does away ) ano!r "o ( ! dang]s4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 y h ! same sap t5sion ma9ta9$ 9 ! scion z 9 ! /ock4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! negative & positive pressures1 day & night1 is v great 9 spr+ "t1 & z ! sap responds betwe5 day & night 9 ! /ock1 x puts a /ra9 ^u ! scion4 ,! scion c n foll[ ! /ock ) its sap movem5t ord9>ily4 ,b if scion & /ock are cov]$ completely ) p>aff91 ! t5sion rema9s ! same1 s t y d away ) ! %ock ( v>y+ negative & positive pressures4 ,t is an important po9t1 x seems to me1 9 pr9ciple 9 ! matt] ( us+ ! p>aff94 ,ano!r po9t is ?is4 ,y prev5t evaporation f scion t goes on ord9>ily ?r\gh ! little brea?+ l5ticels1 ! little ap]tures betwe5 ! cells ( ! b>k :i* all[ moi/ure to escape z well z to ent]4 ,"o w\ld naturally believe ! p>aff9 w\ld fill ^! & smo!r ! scion1 & ,i presume x is t fe> :i* has prev5t$ ! _w f try+ ?is = ! pa/ t5 ?\s& ye>s1 because !y 7 skilful graft]s 9 ,egypt1 bo? 9 ! tree _w & ! f9ancial _w1 9 ! days ( ,hammurabi !re 7 skilful graft]s 9 bo? worlds two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,i suppose t fe> ( clos+ ! brea?+ ap]tures 9 ! /ock has prev5t$ p f adopt+ ?is me?od2 b x is n ju/ifi$1 because ^? bold1 brave nurs]ym5 :o are n afraid to smo!r a scion f9d t all ! scions live4 ,x is a v5ture into ! unkn[n1 t dramatic book1 9 ! way ( dramatically con/ructive progress4 ,ano!r po9t3 ,:5 y protect y\r graft 9 ! ord9>y way ) ord9>y wrapp+1 ord9>y wax1 ! scion becomes timid1 ! /ock becomes timid4 ,x is n q sure ( itself 9 _m cases1 & :5 x is n sure ( itself1 :5 x has a fe>1 :at does x d8 ,x resorts to ! protection me?od4 ,:at is ! fir/8 ,sub]ization1 cork lay] =mation4 ,s ! fright5$ /ock ?r[s cork cells ov] its cut surface betwe5 t & ! graft1 & ! sub]ization goes on z a result ( fe> on ! "p ( ! timid /ock4 ,:5 y h tak5 away ! fe> by cov]+ ! :ole area ) melt$ p>aff9 & x feels safe1 !n sub]ization does n g on 9 ?is way1 y\r /ock is n fright5$1 y h n a sc>$ tree at all1 & x w g on k9dly & g5tly z a ,j]sey heif] to d its "w4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,morris ab\t t myself4 ,i am v mu* int]e/$ 9 ! l9e ( graft+1 z we graft #ej1jjj to #ajj1jjj e spr+1 us+ ?is same me?od4 ,i feel z ,mr4 ,jones does1 t ! losses f graft+ are l>gely due to heat & ! f]m5tation ( sap4 ,we f9d p]haps1 t ! fir/ week ( graft+ 9 *]ry1 we c almo/ inv>iably secure a fairly good /&4 ,foll[+ t x tap]s z ! w>m? & air increase1 al?\gh ! scions are kept 9 cold /orage1 p]fectly dormant1 ! sap is com+ up1 & ! increas$ rays ( ! sun--we get a v small p]c5tage1 & x seems to become less e day1 & we h always us$ ! d>k wax4 ,:ile ,i h be5 us+ p>aff9 wax a good deal ( ! "t1 ,i put lampblack 9 x = color+4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h until ?is ye>4 ,9 ord] to get ,mr4 ,jones' po9ts1 ,i tri$ to "w out ! philosophy ( ! subject & see :at values !re are1 :at mean+s 9 ! me?ods :i* l$ to 8 success4 ,!n foll[+ t l9e ( inve/igation1 ,i /opp$ into ano!r l9e ( obs]vation1 & arriv$ at ! transp>5t p>aff9 me?od1 s t ?is is ! fir/ ye> 9 :i* ,i h tri$ x1 b ! results are p]fectly rem>kable4 ,i h only done x = a ye>1 b y w see #ajj ( cat*es on almo/ ev]y?+1 hickories1 walnuts1 hazels4 ,i mu/ tell y ( "o v rem>kable incid5t4 ,mrs4 ,morris _h "s dw>f trees set out on ! slope ( ! lawn1 dw>f pe> trees4 ,"o ( my m5 cut "o ( !m (f ) a lawn m[] ! latt] "p ( ,augu/4 ,! top kick$ ar\nd "u foot = ?ree or f\r days1 wilt$ 9 ! sun4 ,we 7 walk+ pa/ x along 9 ,augu/4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,bixby said1 ,:y don't y try graft+ on t k9d ( mat]ial8 ,i said1 ,i w1 bless$ if ,i don't4 ,s ,i cut ?ree pe> scions f ?is wilt$ top t _h be5 cut by ! lawnm[] 9 ,augu/1 & ,i put !m on a scrub pe> tree "u ! f5ce ne> ! h\se4 ,& ,i tri$ ?is p>aff9 me?od1 & 9 ab\t six days "o ( !m />t$ out a %oot1 & ,i said to "o ( my m51 ,we w transplant ?is4 ,?is is no place = x4 ,i meant 9 ! spr+1 or 9 a ye> or s4 ,he transplant$ x ! next day4 ,& x grew ,i ?9k ab\t half an in* aft] t1 made good wood to la/ ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,s ,i don't "k :at ! limitations ( ?is p>aff9 me?od are4 ,b t is a ?+ ,i w\ld h>dly d>e tell ab\t unless !re 7 m5 "h 9 ?is room :o _h se5 x4 ,t little pe> top1 cut (f by mi/ake1 kick$ ab\t "u foot a few days 9 ,augu/1 no sort ( scion t any "o w\ld ev] ?9k ( us+ z a graft1 put x 9 z a joke1 & ) ! fur!r abuse ( be+ transplant$2 b x />t$ gr[?1 & n[ x is go+ to be a good pe> tree4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,! kick+ ar\nd only made x good = graft+4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,p]haps x rip5$ up to a c]ta9 ext5t by t dry+ out1 l x w\ld 9 ! fall4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,maybe1 b ,i h nev] he>d ( horticulturi/s propagat+ trees 9 t way & transplant+ !m 9 ! same ye>1 & hav+ ! new wood f ! graft h>d5 = ! w9t]4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,mr4 ,re$ spoke ( graft+ a *]ry4 ,y cut ! top (f didn't y8 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,yes4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,we graft filb]ts by leav+ ! top on & cut ! graft 9 on ! side & wax x ov]4 ,we leave x !re two weeks1 maybe1 & cut x (f1 & we get p]fect /&s t way1 & y w\ld on ! *]ry4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we use ! side graft+1 b we cut ! top (f4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,i w\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,morris ) reg>d to ! /ock4 ,don't y ?9k ! fact t t tree 0 mov$ at ! "t x 01 s soon aft] graft+1 _h some?+ to d ) ! ret>d+ ( ! sap & caus+ ! tree to mature ! wood x did 9 place ( mak+ m gr[?8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,t might be4 ,all ( ! exp]t horticultural op9ions br\ght to be> on ?is are valuable4 ,e sugge/ion t has be5 made has _h a mean+4 ,x requires explanation4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,if !re is no?+ fur!r along t l9e1 we h ) u ,mr4 ,conrad ,voll]ts51 ( ,ro*e/]1 :o has be5 ask$ to prep>e a pap]2 & we w\ld l to he> f him4 ,he is an exp]t 9 ! filb]t1 & ,i believe c give u "s valuable in=mation4 7,applause74 ,,hazel ,,nuts ,,& ,,filb]ts ,,conrad ,,voll]ts51 ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem5 ( ?is ,conv5tion3 ,i h be5 approa*$ by a memb] ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association to prep>e a pap] to be read at ?is conv5tion on ! gr[+1 cultivat+1 & propagat+ ( ! ,european hazel1 toge!r ) su* o!r topics on ! subject1 z w\ld be ( int]e/ to ! memb]s ( ?is association1 p>ticul>ly my exp]i5ce & obs]vations dur+ ! la/ ?ree or f\r seasons 9 my hazel or*>d & nurs]y4 ,n[1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem51 ,i am n a public speak] nor a public writ]2 my bus9ess is nurs]y & g>d5 "w2 ,i c use spade & pick m freely ?an p5 & ink1 &1 !re=e1 fe> t ,i am n ! "r p>ty call$ ^u1 kn[+ z ,i d1 t we h memb]s 9 ?is association f> m capable & exp]i5c$1 & :o possess m k ab\t ! ,european hazel ?an ev] ,i _h4 ,nev]!less z ! gr[+ & plant+ ( ! ,european hazel 9 ! ea/]n & middle /ates ( our c\ntry s f>1 bo? = ornam5tal or comm]cial purposes1 has be5 m or less exp]im5tal1 ,i ?9k all practical in=mation on ! subject %\ld be welcom$1 & !re=e ,i h cons5t$ to prep>e ?is pap] & hope x w be accept$ = :at x /&s4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago1 aft] leav+ s*ool1 ,i ent]$ a l>ge nurs]y & g>d5 e/abli%m5t 9 ,g]many1 z an appr5tice boy1 to le>n ! g>d5 bus9ess1 to become a g>d5] & horticulturi/1 to le>n h[ to raise trees & o!r plants1 to le>n h[ to graft1 to prune & cultivate1 &1 9 g5]al1 to take c>e ( all k9ds ( gr[+ plants4 ,"o ( ! fir/ duties be/[$ ^u me 9 my new place 0 ! *>ge ( a l>ge plot ( "y hazel or filb]t plants4 ,to prune or graft !m8 ,n at all4 ,at t "t ,i did n "k any?+ ab\t su* skill$ labor4 ,i 0 m]ely told to we$ & hoe !m & to keep !m clean4 ,x 0 n j v elegant "w1 b1 ladies & g5tlem51 ,i enjoy$ v mu* inde$1 e m9ute s employ$ among ^? "y filb]t bu%es4 ,i became really atta*$ to !m & knew practically e plant 9 ! plot1 & almo/ believe !y knew me1 too4 ,n[ :at 0 ! reason = ?is imm5se pleasure ,i f\nd 9 work+ among ^? plants8 ,0 x p]haps f ! comm]cial or f9ancial po9t ( view1 ! future income f !m = fruit or :5 ! plants rea*$ a saleable age8 ,n at all4 ,i 0 !n too mu* ( a boy & did n compreh5d su* a ?+ z t4 ,x 0 m]ely ! fond & pleasant recollection ( my *ildhood1 ( my boyhood1 :51 toge!r ) o!r *ildr51 9 ! prop] season1 we w5t hunt+ = ! common hazel nuts1 ! ,corylus avellana1 z ! ga!r+ ( ^! nuts is "o ( ! greate/ pleasures ( ! ,g]man c\ntry *ild1 & to roam ?r\gh fields & woods 9 late summ] 9 ^? beautiful ,septemb] days1 :5 ! foliage ( trees & bu%es beg9 to color1 :5 ! birds ( ! g>d51 field & =e/ beg9 to assemble = future migration1 :5 gold5rod1 a/]s & o!r field fl[]s are rea*+ _! greate/ beauty1 !n1 ladies & g5tlem51 ! hazelnut has rea*$ maturity4 ,! nut itself is a v beautiful br[n color1 ! out] b>k a gold5 yell[1 ! leaves ( ! plants slightly color$ ) bronze1 p9k or yell[1 a mo/ beautiful comb9ation1 a pleasure to look ^u1 & a sight nev] to be =gott54 ,:oev] has _h an opportunity to see & admire a well fruit$ hazel plant1 at ! "t ( maturity1 w agree ) me t x is a ?+ ( beauty1 n only dur+ ! fruit be>+ season1 b 9 fact ?r\gh\t ! :ole w9t]1 ) ! h&some /am9ate fl[]s or catk9s appe>+ v abundantly 9 e>ly fall1 & rema9+ ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 until late spr+4 ,( all ^! pleasures1 ^! beautiful sights1 etc41 ( :i* a vivid & fond recollection caus$ all ! pleasures 9 cultivat+ ! above m5tion$ hazel lot1 we ne$ n be depriv$ 9 our o!rwise s ri*ly ble/ c\ntry4 ,x is true t1 at ! pres5t "t1 we h no ,am]ican native hazel1 t c fully compete ) ! bett] ,european v>ieties1 b we hope t 9 "t n f> (f1 ?r\gh sci5tific hybridization1 su* w be produc$4 ,= ! "t be+1 we h "s v f9e ,european v>ieties z a sub/itute1 :i* = ye>s h /ood ! te/ v well1 & %\ld be plant$ :]ev] a place c be sp>$ = a few ( !m1 & great pleasure & enjoym5t w be ! result4 ,s mu* = ! pleasure ( rais+ hazel nuts4 ,i h relat$ ! =ego+ m]ely to %[ ! la/+ pleasure & enjoym5ts d]iv$ f ! plant+1 cultivat+ & ga!r+ ( a few ,european hazel nuts4 ,b to raise hazel nuts = ! pleasure ( x only1 w\ld be a v poor bus9ess proposition1 & c]ta9ly n a pay+ "o4 ,:at we %\ld d is to raise !m 9 l>ge quantities1 = comm]cial purposes1 b "h x seems to me ! "q %\ld be ask$3 ,h we _h exp]i5ce en\gh z to recomm5d ! plant+ ( !m 9 ! middle & ea/]n /ates = comm]cial purposes8 ,9 o!r words1 is x wor? :ile to plant !m ) t po9t 9 view8 ,n[1 g5tlem51 ,i d n suppose t any "o ( u1 at ! pres5t "t1 w\ld be fully capable or prep>$ to answ] ?is "q intellig5tly or positively1 z ! plant+ ( ! hazel1 = comm]cial purposes1 has n be5 tri$ long en\gh1 at lea/ n 9 ! ea/]n or middle /ates1 to w>rant a positive op9ion on ! subject4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u ! v>iety plant$1 also ! location :]e ! plant+ is done4 ,mu* obs]vation & exp]im5t+ is /ill requir$4 ,i h gr[+ on my gr\nd 9 we/]n ,new ,york1 ne> ,ro*e/]1 sev]al hundr$ trees or bu%es1 #f to #h ye>s old1 ab\t #bj v>ieties1 mo/ ( !m ,g]man v>ieties1 a few f ,france1 & a few f ,engl&4 ,!y h be5 be>+ nuts ! la/ f\r seasons1 & all h rea*$ maturity p]fectly4 ,! small] & m$ium siz$ nuts appe>$ to be> a little bett] ?an ! l>g] v>ieties4 ,! v>ieties receiv$ f ,france h1 s f>1 n done well ) me1 z ! ,g]man v>ieties4 ,!y are poor be>]s4 ,9 ! fall ( #aiag1 ,i ga!r$ f ea* #e to #f ye> old tree1 ( ! ,g]man v>iety1 ab\t a p\nd & a qu>t] ( ! m$ium siz$ nuts1 :ile h>dly a p\nd f ! l>g] fruit$ v>ieties 7same siz$ plants7 rip5$ well4 ,i 0 !n "u ! impression t ! hazel n only c\ld b %\ld be plant$ 9 l>ge numb]s = comm]cial purpose4 ,9 ! fall ( #aiah my crop ( nuts 0 v mu* less1 & ,i _h expect$ ev5 a bett] h>ve/ ?an 9 #aiag1 :i* c]ta9ly 0 disc\rag+ to me4 ,! plants !mselves 7 gr[+ beautifully1 b mo/ ( ! /am9ate blossoms or catk9s 7 froz51 &1 consequ5tly1 v little poll5iz+ 0 accompli%$1 & v little fruit ! result4 ,su* & possibly o!r occurr5ces1 f "t to "t we may expect & look =1 & %\ld be ready to inve/igate ?or\ghly1 be=e we c advocate or recomm5d ! plant+ ( ! hazel ext5sively4 ,x really seems /range t :ile ! hazel g5]ally is at home 9 ! nor!rn latitudes1 x %\ld p>tly freeze :5 ! !rmomet] rea*es say ab\t #ab to #ah degrees bel[ z]o1 &1 z ,i _h nev] notic$ t be=e1 x !n occurr$ to me t possibly ano!r reason c\ld be f\nd1 :y s _m ( ! catk9s 7 froz54 ,?r\gh my inve/igation 9 ! spr+ ( #aiah1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t ! unusually wet season 9 our vic9ity ( we/]n ,new ,york ?r\gh\t #aiag caus$ ! hazel plants to gr[ until ! real cold wea!r 0 ^u !m1 :i* gave ! wood a v poor *ance to rip51 p>ticul>ly ! t]m9al buds1 :]e a great _m ( ! catk9s _h =m$1 & caus$ n only !m to freeze b also a c]ta9 "p ( ! wood4 ,only ! l[] & m protect$ catk9s came ?r\gh ! w9t] alright & caus$ :at little poll5iz+ 0 done1 h5ce ! v light h>ve/ 9 ! fall ( #aiah4 ,%\ld ! results ( my inve/igation prove true1 & ! cont9uance ( ! wet wea!r prove ! ma9 cause ( freez+ s _m catk9s1 !n x seems to me !re is no?+ to be al>m$ ab\t1 & ! plant+ ( ! ,european hazel1 at lea/ 9 ?is vic9ity1 = comm]cial purposes c\ld be consci5ti\sly recomm5d$1 & %\ld be done1 ! soon] ! bett]4 ,we d n expect our apple or pe> or*>ds to be> an abundant crop e ye>1 & we %\ld n expect x ( our hazel or*>ds4 ,some?+ w occasionally happ5 to !m z well z to o!r crops1 o!rwise we run no risk :atev]4 ,my trees or bu%es1 sev]al hundr$ 9 numb]1 plant$ 9 #aiab & lat]1 h /ood all k9ds ( wea!r1 extreme cold1 v hot1 cont9u\s wet1 & /ill are gr[+ mo/ beautifully at ! pres5t "t4 ,!y gave a v satisfactory crop ( nuts ?is la/ fall1 #aiai1 9 spite ( sev]e freez+ wea!r on ,april #be? & #bf? :5 ! m]cury dropp$ to #ab to #ae degrees1 & all hazel bu%es 9 full bloom4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! prospect = a good crop ( nuts next season is c]ta9ly v bright4 ,nei!r fungus1 blight1 or o!r diseases ( any k9d1 or tr\blesome insects h s f> be5 detect$4 ,9 plant+ ! hazel = comm]cial purposes1 ,i %\ld recomm5d #ab feet di/ance betwe5 ! plants ea* way1 z !y require abundant sun & air4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is an opportunity to use ! l& betwe5 ! r[s = sev]al ye>s to come1 z l[ gr[+ crops l potatoes1 /rawb]ries1 beans1 beets1 c>rots1 etc41 c\ld be gr[n !re to great advantage1 & ! cultivation ( ^! crops w\ld be amply suffici5t = ! hazel plants4 ,n[ ! selection ( v>ieties to be plant$ = ! comm]cial hazel or*>d is a v important "p ( ! und]tak+1 & %\ld be well consid]$4 ,to plant sev]al v>ieties is absolutely necess>y on acc\nt ( poll5iz+1 z /am9ate & pi/illate fl[]s1 ?\gh on ! same plant1 d n always appe> toge!r 9 prop] condition on all plants2 9 fact x has be5 prov5 9 my or*>d t sometimes plants br+ =? a great _m pi/illate blossoms & n a s+le /am9ate "o on !m1 & /ill a good crop ( nuts 7 gr[n on !m4 ,"h ! poll9ation mu/ h tak5 place ) ! poll5 f o!r ne>by plants convey$ to !m by w9d or insects4 ,"o p>ticul> plant ( ! zell]nut type gr[n 9 "o ( my city lots dur+ ! la/ season 0 v well fill$ ) pi/illate blossoms & n "o catk9 on x1 & /ill x rip5$ a fairly good crop ( p]fect nuts1 :]e ! ne>e/ plants fill$ ) /am9ate blossoms 0 at lea/ #cj feet f x4 ,"h x is %[n & prov5 t a numb] ( v>ieties is a necessity4 ,b :at v>ieties we %all *oose1 w und\bt$ly be an op5 "q = "s "t to come1 &1 no d\bt1 a great deal ( exp]im5tal "w w h to be done to f9ally select ! "r v>ieties = ! diff]5t localities1 ! v>iation ( temp]ature & location has v mu* to d ) ! prop] selection ( v>ieties4 ,i h among my v>ieties "s ,i c\ld recomm5d & aga9 o!rs t are n at all satisfactory1 at lea/ n s f>1 & x requires m close obs]vation be=e ! v be/ ( !m c be pick$ out or select$4 ,our next op]ation 9 ! hazel w be ! prun+4 ,"h ,i %\ld say above all ?+s3 ,keep ! suck]s away4 ,hazel bu%es are naturally incl9$ to produce a great _m suck]s1 :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly remov$ z soon z !y appe>2 x w /op :5 ! plants gr[ old]4 ,besides ! suck]s1 all weak & unnecess>y wood %\ld be remov$ entirely1 n cut back4 ,our aim %\ld be to try & get z ne> z possible l[ /&>d trees1 ) trunk say #aj to #ae in*es high & ! tree itself n to exce$ #ae to #ah feet 9 height ) ! c5t] kept op5 all ! "t4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ,i %\ld sugge/ ! remov+ ( all cr[d+ limbs f ! c5t]1 reg>dless ( _! be+ fruit-be>+ limbs1 :i* to det]m9e is mo/ly guess-"w at ! be/4 ,9 ord] to keep ! plants )9 #ae to #ah feet 9 height1 ! t]m9al %oots also %\ld be remov$ or r$uc$ z ! case may be1 beg9n+ at ! "t ( plant+ until ! desir$ height is rea*$4 ,aft] t1 "o or m ( ! old limbs may f "t to "t be remov$1 z !re always w be en\gh "y bran*es to take _! places4 ,su* prun+ 9 my or*>d1 s f>1 has prov$ suffici5t1 z blight has nev] made its appe>ance 9 my nurs]y4 ,i w n be able to say mu* ab\t blight4 ,i h kn[n trees 9 our city1 #d or #e v>ieties1 = m ?an #cj ye>s1 be>+ m or less fruit ye> aft] ye>1 & h nev] notic$ any blight or any?+ wrong ) !m4 ,%\ld blight appe>1 ,i %\ld remove all affect$ limbs to ! s\nd & heal?y wood1 z we w\ld d to our pe> & qu9ce trees :5 blight appe>s among !m4 ,i d n believe t prop]ly treat$ hazel bu%es w ev] suff] mu* f blight1 at lea/ n 9 our vic9ity4 ,nei!r d ,i believe t any m prun+ ?an ,i h outl9$ is requir$ or necess>y to our hazel plants4 ,! next subject ab\t :i* ,i wi% to say a few words is ! propagation ( hazel plants4 ,!re seems to be q a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! mode ( propagat+ !m2 "s advocate graft+1 o!rs lay]+1 aga9 o!rs f suck]s only4 ,graft+ ,i believe myself1 w produce a f9] plant & ! op]ation ( do+ s seems q successful1 b a great _m v>ieties produce s _m suck]s t ! graft is liable to be *ok$ or cr[d$ out if n con/antly wat*$1 & x %\ld n be expect$ ( ! av]age p]son to "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! graft & ! wild %oot1 & consequ5tly1 9 a comp>ative %ort "t1 he w\ld h a wild or common hazel4 ,= t reason graft$ plants %\ld n be us$ = ! trade until our p get bett] acqua9t$ ) hazel plants4 ,i1 !re=e1 %\ld recomm5d lay]+1 !reby hav+ ! plants on _! own roots1 :i* w\ld prove m satisfactory ev]y:]e4 ,t graft$ plants be> fruit soon] ?an lay]s1 does n always hold good2 x may be s ) "s v>ieties1 b n ) all ( !m4 ,i h "s ?ree ye> old graft$ plants & no fruit z yet1 :]e ,i _h pl5ty ( lay]s 9 ! nurs]y r[s two ye>s old well fruit$4 ,x is true t plants graft$ on se$l+s ( ! ,corylus avellana w n produce z _m suck]s1 z plants graft$ on lay]s ( ! avellana type1 b !y w produce en\gh to confuse ! av]age p]son1 z ! foliage ( "s v>ieties are s ne>ly alike1 t x actually requires an exp]t to tell ! diff]5ce4 ,i1 !re=e1 "u ! exi/+ circum/ances1 %\ld advise ! propagat+ ( hazel plants by lay]s only1 until our p get bett] acqua9t$ ) ! hazel proposition 9 g5]al4 ,:y propagation by suck]s only %\ld be pref]r$ by "s p1 ,i fail to see1 z !y are practically ! same z lay]s1 plants on _! own roots f a p>5t plant1 only t lay]s are produc$ a little m sci5tifically & suck]s m naturally2 o!rwise !y are id5tically ! same ?+4 ,:5 ,i ref]r$ to propagat+1 ,i %\ld p]haps h m5tion$ ! gr[+ ( hazel plants f se$s1 t is f ! nut1 b ,i did n ?9k x necess>y4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 say t plants rais$ f se$ %\ld nev] be plant$ = fruit be>+ unless !y are graft$ or budd$1 z x has be5 fully & positively prov5 t plants rais$ f se$1 ev5 if ! v f9e/ nuts ( our ,european hybrids are plant$1 w n produce nuts z good z ^? plant$1 b w almo/ inv>iably g back to ! orig9al type1 ! ,corylus avellana4 ,x is alright to raise plants f se$s = ! sake ( gett+ /ock to graft or bud on1 b1 z to v>iety1 ! se$l+s are unreliable4 ,be=e com+ to a close1 ,i w\ld l to say a few words ab\t ! f]tiliz+ ( ! gr\nd = hazel or*>ds & :at exp]i5ce ,i h _h 9 ?is matt]1 z ,i believe ?is w\ld be ( int]e/ to all4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t hazel plants gr[ well & w ?rive 9 almo/ any k9d ( soil1 z long z x is n too wet or too heavy1 b f "t to "t a little manure work$ 9 is v b5eficial bo? to old & "y plants1 b c>e & judgm5t %\ld be ex]cis$1 s z n to ov]do x4 ,i h gr[+ 9 "o ( my city lots ) v f]tile soil1 sev]al be>+ hazel plants1 #g to #h ye>s old1 diff]5t v>ieties4 ,^! plants gr[ s imm5sely t x pla9ly %[s1 !y are gr[+ at ! exp5se ( ! fruit1 n only t ! quantity ( nuts ga!r$ f a plant !re is consid]ably less ?an ( same siz$ plants gr[n on ord9>y f>ml&1 b ! quality also is v mu* bel[4 ,my be/ nuts are all gr[n on ord9>y f>ml& & ! greate/ quantity has always be5 obta9$ f ! f>m :]e only v little f]tiliz+ or manur+ _h be5 done4 ,= ! gr[+ ( "y plants = comm]cial purposes1 = ! trade1 ,i %\ld recomm5d lib]al manur+ at all times4 7,applause47 ,,"q3 ,is ! hazel a long liv$ tree8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,i h kn[n trees = almo/ =ty ye>s t are be>+ good fruit ye> aft] ye>1 al?\gh n always a good crop4 ,!y don't seem to gr[ s rapidly at t age z :5 y\ng]4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,hazels seem to graft pretty well on ea* o!r4 ,i ?9k ! tree hazel is go+ to be our mo/ successful /ock = graft+4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h graft$ on ! ,corylus avellana4 ,! tree hazel does n put out any suck]s4 ,,"q3 ,does ! hazel f9d its way into ! m>ket comm]cially8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,i w\ld almo/ ?9k s4 ,i h _h lots ( inquiries = !m f /orekeep]s4 ,x seems to me !re are a great _m import$ ar\nd "h4 ,our ,am]ican hazels are n s v good4 ,!re may be "h & !re a fairly good "o1 b ,i h n f\nd any really good ones wor? propagat+4 ,i ?9k if we w\ld d m sci5tific "w we c\ld get v good nuts4 ,!re is no "q t !y are p]fectly h>dy & w /& almo/ any climate4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,"s ( y\r v>ieties are hybrids ar5't !y8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,!y are all hybrids4 ,i h a few ( ! real1 orig9al avellana type ,i ?9k got !re by accid5t4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ! next pap] is "o ! secret>y has f ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,graves4 ,,disease ,,resi/ance ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,*e/nut#a ,,ar?ur ,h4 ,,graves 7,read by ! ,secret>y7 ,y\r secret>y1 ,mr4 ,bixby1 has ask$ me to tell y ab\t ! native *e/nut trees 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york ,city :i* ,i h f\nd to be resi/ant to ! de/ructive b>k disease4 ,i comm5c$ ! se>* = su* trees 9 ! summ] ( #aiah1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,hav5 ,metcalf1 ( ! laboratory ( ,=e/ ,pa?ology1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry4 ,dur+ ! campaign 9 ,p5nsylvania aga9/ ! b>k disease1 sc\ts _h be5 on ! look\t = immune or resi/ant trees1 b )\t result4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e1 no sy/ematic organiz$ se>* _h be5 made = su* individuals4 ,x 0 our plan to comm5ce ! se>* 9 ! region ( ,new ,york ,city1 because ?is area is probably ! olde/ c5t] ( infection 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,app>5tly ?is is ! port ( entry :]e ! undesirable immigrants 7,japanese or ,*9ese *e/nuts7 pass$ ?r\gh qu>ant9e & 7 all[$ to disemb>k c>ry+ _! t]rible sc\rge ) !m unnotic$4 ,accord+ to ,metcalf & ,coll9s1#b ?is 0 probably z e>ly z #ahic4 ,?is 0 :y we select$ ?is area to beg9 on1 = "h ! disease has _h a long] opportunity to run its c\rse ?an any:]e else1 &1 consequ5tly1 has _h ample "t 7m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury7 to call out ! non-resi/ant trees4 ,^? rema9+1 if any c\ld be f\nd1 might be suspect$1 a priori1 ( be+ resi/ant4 ,z ! "w progress$1 ,i soon realiz$ t x w\ld be mo/ difficult1 or p]haps impossible1 to locate resi/ant or immune trees 9 a region n s long expos$ to infection2 =1 9 su* a region1 "o w\ld h to inoculate all individuals suspect$ ( possess+ resi/ant qualities1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r _! heal?y condition 0 actually due to resi/ant qualities or simply ! result ( a *ance escape ( infection4 ,we !re=e decid$ to re/rict ! "w1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 entirely to a def9ite area ab\t ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is area includes all ( ! t]ritory )9 a radius ( ab\t #af miles f ,new ,york ,city ,hall1 & !re=e compris$ 9 a g5]al way1 ,great] ,new ,york & ! adjac5t p>ts ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,,results ,,( ,,! ,,survey ,fir/ ,i made a ?or\gh canvas ( ,/at5 ,isl&1 do+ ! "w on foot1 aid$ by ! trolley & ! ,/at5 ,isl& ,r4 ,r41 & (t5 guid$ by t g5ial naturali/ & lov] ( ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,hollick ( ! ,/at5 ,isl& ,in/itute ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,i made a c>eful survey ( ! :ole #fd squ>e miles ( :i* ! isl& is compos$4 ,aft] two weeks ( ?is k9d ( "w1 ,i began to get fairly well disc\rag$1 n s mu* because ( lack ( results :i*1 x is true1 7 entirely negative1 b m on acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( ! dead *e/nuts4 ,= :]e x 0 n entirely cut out1 ! b>e1 wea!r$ poles %[$ t !y _h be5 dead = _m ye>s4 ,! only enc\rag+ feature 0 ! f9d+ ( l>ge quantities ( heal?y se$l+s1 f #g ye>s ( age upw>d1 to :i* ,i w ref] lat]4 ,! ,palisade region along ! ,hudson has be5 notable 9 ! pa/ = its *e/nut =e/s4 ,i next attack$ ?is1 mak+ z ?or\gh a se>* z possible f ,hobok5 to a little nor? ( ,alp9e1 ,n4 ,j41 :i* is a small place on ! ,hudson opposite ,yonk]s4 ,"h also ! va/ =e/s ( dead poles wea!r$ gray ) "t1 bore sil5t witness to ! complet5ess ( ! de/ruction4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,july :ile f]ry+ across ! ,hudson1 ,i notic$ nor? ( ! l&+ at ,dyckman ,/41 :at appe>$ to be *e/nut trees 9 bloom4 ,on inve/igation1 ,i f\nd ^! to be liv+ native *e/nuts1 ( ! peculi> /rip type ,i %all describe lat]1 & proce$+ fur!r nor? f ?is1 :]e ! ,h>lem ent]s ! ,hudson4 ,i 0 l$ into a =e/ :]e ,i f\nd at lea/ #dj liv+ *e/nuts1 "s ( :i* 7 9 good condition1 & "o p>ticul>ly 0 leafy ne>ly to ! top4 7,fig4 #a7 ,naturally1 "o w\ld imm$iately suspect t someh[ ^! trees _h escap$ infection1 b ?is c\ld n possibly be ! case1 = mix$ 9 ) !m on all sides 7 b>e1 wea!r$ trunks %[+ signs ( old worn cank]s1 prov+ inconte/ibly t ! fungus _h be5 pres5t "h also = a long p]iod4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 ,dr4 ,olive1 ( ! ,brooklyn ,botanic ,g>d51 in=m$ me t he _h se5 liv+ *e/nuts ne> ,hollis1 ,l4 ,i41 & at ,valley ,/ream1 ,l4 ,i41 & at ea* ( ^! places ,i f\nd a gr\p simil> to t ne> ! ,h>lem4 ,^!1 9 brief1 are ! high spots ( ! survey f ! po9t ( view ( ! sci5ti/4 ,9 addition1 ,i cov]$ adjac5t region ( ,new ,j]sey to ! we/1 includ+ ! ,wat*ung ,mt4 range ab\t ,pla9field & ! ,oranges2 ! ,bronx & ,van ,cortl& ,p>k & ! c\ntry to ,yonk]s & ! nor?1 & to ! nor!a/ ( ,new ,ro*elle4 ,long ,isl&1 z f> z ,hemp/ead1 0 also includ$4 ,altoge!r ,i travell$ ab\t #abjj miles on foot1 n c\nt+ ! di/ance trav]s$ on trolleys & railroads4 ,always arm$ ) op]a glasses1 ,i 0 c>eful n to use !m :5 anyone 0 look+1 = on ! second day ( ! survey ,i _h be5 arre/$ on ! *>ge ( be+ a ,g]man spy6 ,i 0 also arre/$ on bo>d a tra9 9 ,new ,j]sey = look+ e>ne/ly at a topographic map1 !n %>ply out ( ! c> w9d[ & not+ :at ,i _h se5 7dead *e/nut trees7 on said map4 ,! c>ry+ ( a botani/'s t9 c 7conta9+ fungi1 n bombs7 0 also an additional implicat+ circum/ance on ! latt] occasion4 ,:at !n 7 ! results ( ! survey8 ,!y may be /at$ briefly z foll[s3 #a4 ,no immune trees 7 f\nd4 #b4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! old] trees 7f #bj ye>s upw>d7 7 entirely dead1 & _h be5 s = a long p]iod1 z atte/$ by ! b>e trunks1 wea!r$ a *>act]i/ic gray color :i* only "t c produce4 #c4 ,h[ev]1 l>ge numb]s ( se$l+s & "y sapl+s 7 locat$1 bo? heal?y & diseas$4 #d4 ,! mo/ important result 0 ! f9d+ ( ?ree well def9$ colonies ( liv+ mature trees2 all ( :i*1 by virtue ( *>act]s to be pres5tly describ$1 are (f]+ m or less resi/ance to ! disease4 ,,se$l+ ,,trees ,x is well kn[n t se$l+s & "y sapl+s are naturally immune = a c]ta9 p]iod1 :i* v>ies 9 ext5t f #h to #ae ye>s beyond g]m9ation ( ! se$ beg9n+1 ( c\rse ) ! fir/ =mation ( ! se$l+4 ,su* immunity dep5ds1 h[ev]1 n on any inh]5t *>act]i/ic1 b on ! fact t at ?is p]iod ! b>k is usually smoo?1 s\nd1 & free f w\nds ( any sort :]e ,endo?ia spores & mycelium might ent]4 ,( c\rse1 :5 w\nd$ f any cause :atev] dur+ ?is p]iod ( y\?1 ?is immunity ends1 s t ! condition might p]haps be t]m$ physical1 9 contra/ to physiological immunity4 ,z ,i h already said1 l>ge numb]s ( se$l+s1 = ! mo/ "p /ill unattack$1 7 f\nd 9 _m places 9 ! area survey$4 ,!re are ( c\rse no gr\nds = believ+ t su* se$l+s1 desc5d$ z !y are f non-resi/ant trees1 are physiologically immune4 ,:]e !y are free f disease1 ?is exemption is due m]ely to ! physical immunity ,i h j m5tion$4 ,s9ce !y !re=e repres5t non-resi/ant /ock1 !y 7 us$ = comp>ative inoculation "w1 :i* w be ref]r$ to lat]4 ,i may z well say "h z any:]e1 t by resi/ance1 ,i d n mean total resi/ance1 = t w\ld be immunity4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 degrees ( resi/ance1 9 ! plant _w j z 9 ! animal _w4 ,"o p]son may resi/ a cold g]m or ! influ5za bacillus bett] ?an ano!r1 t is1 x w cause him only a little discom=t4 ,ano!r p]son may n be affect$ at all1 t is1 he is totally resi/ant or immune4 ,i say ?is because ,i h misund]/ood :5 ,i h us$ ! t]m resi/ance4 ,! trees 9 ! ,new ,york region %[ all grades ( resi/ance1 f individuals :]e ! fungus makes v little headway 9 ! b>k1 to cases :]e x gr[s almo/ z fa/ z 9 ! av]age non-resi/ant tree4 ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,resi/ant ,,trees ,:at n[ are ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! resi/ant trees8 ,h[ are we go+ to "k "o :5 we see x8 ,i h outl9$ ! lead+ features z foll[s3 #a4 ,,b>k4 ,9 ! case ( ?is p>ticul> disease1 x is obvi\s t ! "* ( ! b>k is ! mo/ important feature s9ce ?is fungus is prim>ily p>asitic 9 ! liv+ cortex4 ,9 o!r words1 ! "* ( resi/ance mu/ necess>ily dep5d on ! liv+ cells ( ! cortex4 ,n[1 c>eful obs]vation ( ! resi/ant trees reveals a mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! b>k1 namely its t5d5cy to heal1 by means ( a callus gr[? ar\nd ! m>g9s ( ! lesions1 :e!r l>ge or small2 & x is v app>5t t ?is callus gr[? w>ds (f ! advance ( ! fungus = a "t at lea/4 ,:5 ! callus gr[? is once =m$1 ! fungus ( ! orig9al cank] encroa*es on x v sl[ly1 or (t5 n at all4 ,inoculations 9 ! callus$ m>g9s ( cank]s %[$ usually only slight gr[? ( ! fungus aft] two mon?s' "t 9 ! summ]1 or 9 "s cases no gr[? at all4 ,sev]al lay]s ( wood c\ld be c\nt$ und]nea? ^! callus$ m>g9s--(t5 #f or #g--;be=e rea*+ ! annual r+ expos$ at ! surface ( ! cank]4 ,?is ( c\rse1 %[s unque/ionably t ! callus _h rema9$ heal?y at t location = t p]iod ( "t4 #b4 ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,! ,,callus ,,tissue4--,9 _m cases ! callus tissue is ( consid]ably great] ext5t ?an ! normal area "o w\ld expect ar\nd a w\nd4 ,x may ev5 occur t ! :ole inn] b>k ar\nd ! trunk is ( a callus$ nature1 )\t any op5 cank]s %[+ at all4 ,= example 9 a tree ( :i* ,i h a photograph "h 7,figs4 #b & #d71 ! out] b>k is sl\gh+ (f1 reveal+ callus$ b>k und]nea? ( entirely diff]5t appe>ance1 :i* no "o w\ld recognize z *e/nut b>k4 ,?is p>ticul> tree photograph$ repres5ts an extreme 9 ?is respect4 ,x seem$ z if ! :ole tree 0 gett+ a new k9d ( b>k1 & yet ?is same "* appe>s 9 all ( ! highly resi/ant trees4 ,on cutt+ into ?is new callus$ inn] b>k x 0 f\nd pl5tifully dott$ ) t9y ,endo?ia lesions1 :i* h[ev]1 nev] p5etrat$ deeply4 7,fig #d74 ,close to ! cambium ! :ite inn] b>k is q heal?y1 g5]ally = a ?ickness ( #e-g mm4 ,t ! mycelium 9 ! small lesions 0 unque/ionably ! ,endo?ia mycelium1 0 %[n by ! appe>ance ( ! mycelium1 & ! pres5ce ( ! ,endo?ia pu/ules 9 _m ( ! spots4 ,t ^! 7 n late infections1 b only sl[ly gr[+ small lesions1 0 %[n by inoculations 9 su* b>k1 :i* reveal$ sc>cely any gr[? aft] two mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a ,"o ( ! mo/ resi/ant trees1 ! small] tree ne> ! c5t] ( ! photograph1 ne> ! ,h>lem ,riv]1 ,boro ( ,manhattan1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b ,a v /rik+ly resi/ant tree at ,valley ,/ream1 ,long ,isl&1 %[+ peculi> inn] b>k4 ,! out] b>k is sl\gh+ (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c ,"o ( ! /rip trees 9 ! =e/ 9 ! ,boro ( ,manhattan1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d ,%[+ ! "* ( ! inn] b>k ( ! ,valley ,/ream tree 7,fig4 #b74 ,at "o place1 ne> ! c5t] ( ! photograph1 ! b>k has be5 %av$ %[+ ! small lesions caus$ by ! fungus4 #c4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,secretion4--,! mo/ /rik+ peculi>ity ( ! callus tissue1 is its abundant cont5t ( a ?icki%1 milky1 :ite sub/ance4 ,?is came to light imm$iately :5 ,i cut into ! callus1 & x %[$ up v cle>ly :5 ,i %av$ (f ! out] lay]s ( dead cork tissue4 ,! :ite mat]ial is n ev5ly di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! irregul> gra9 ( ! w\nd tissue1 b is p>ticul>ly abundant 9 small spots or pockets :i* are especially conspicu\s 9 ! callus$ m>g9 ( ! lesion4 ,soon aft] exposure to ! air ! cut b>k1 & p>ticul>ly ! :ite sub/ance1 r$d5 rapidly1 indicat+ oxidation4 ,?is peculi>ity is ( c\rse true ( all *e/nut b>k1 yet "h ! r$d5+ seems to be deep] & m rapid ?an ! normal4 ,no *emical analysis has yet be5 made ( ?is sub/ance1 b !re is suffici5t o!r evid5ce at h& to w>rant a t5tative /atem5t t x is v ri* 9 tann9 or tann9 comp\nds1 & t possibly ! quality ( resi/ance is b\nd up ) ! nature ( ?is mat]ial4 #d4 ,,! ,,/rip ,,condition4--,"s ( ! trees %[$ ! liv+ b>k re/rict$ to a n>r[1 flatt5$1 rope-l /rip runn+ up ! trunk to "o or a v few bran*es 7,plate #a1 ,fig4 #c74 ,9 ^! cases all ( ! b>k 0 ( ! callus nature1 ri* 9 ! resi/ant sub/ance1 & pl5tifully bespr9kl$ ) small ,endo?ia lesions1 :ile und]nea? 7 a numb] ( lay]s ( function+ wood4 ,! re/ ( ! trunk 0 b>e1 wea!r$ gray1 ) traces on its surface ( old cank]s1 & evid5tly dead = a long p]iod4 ,?is type ( tree 0 s commonly f\nd t ,i h call$ x ! /rip tree4 ,,inoculations ,! v fact t ^! trees are n[ alive 9 ?is ,new ,york region is pretty good pro( ( _! resi/ance4 ,b ( c\rse ! mo/ conclusive te/ is by inoculation ) ! fungus 9 "q4 ,if ! fungus gr[s sl[ly 9 ^! trees z comp>$ ) its gr[? on non-resi/ant /ock1 !n no "o c d5y t !y are resi/ant4 ,i w n bore y ) figures ( tables1 ,i w only give y ! results4 ,! av]age gr[? ( ! fungus 9 #bhi inoculations on ! resi/ant trees 0 ab\t #a_/c z fa/ z on non-resi/ant /ock1 & tak+ ! rate ( gr[? on ^? trees :i* are especially resi/ant x is ab\t #a_/d z fa/ z on ! non-resi/ant /ock4 ,= non-resi/ant /ock ! se$l+s on ,/at5 ,isl& 7 inoculat$1 & ! gr[? on ^! talli$ v closely ) gr[? 9 non-resi/ant trees inoculat$ by ,&]son & ,rank94#c ,ano!r v /rik+ result br\ght out by ! inoculation "w 0 t ( ! #aeh inoculations on bran*es & basal %oots ( ! resi/ant trees1 only n9e _h be5 girdl$ aft] "o mon?'s gr[?1 :ile 9 ! same "t #af out ( ! #cb non-resi/ant ,/at5 ,isl& trees 7 girdl$4 ,at ! end ( ! second mon?1 ! results 7 /ill m /rik+4 ,!n1 9 ! ,/at5 ,isl& trees1 #bb out ( #cb 7 girdl$1 :ile 9 ! inoculations on ! basal %oots & bran*es ( resi/ant /ock only #bb out ( ! #aec result$ 9 girdl+4 ,?is /rik+ diff]5ce 0 n due to small] diamet]s ( ! ,/at5 ,isl& trees1 = p>ticul> pa9s 7 tak5 to h !m approximately equal to ! bran*es & %oots inoculat$ 9 ! resi/ant trees4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,evid5ces ,,( ,,resi/ance ,we may summ>ize ! evid5ces ( resi/ance z foll[s3 #a4 ,! results ( ! inoculation te/s %[ t ! fungus gr[s 9 ^! trees on ! av]age f #a_/d to #a_/c z fa/ z 9 ord9>y *e/nut4 #b4 ,! occurr5ce ( ! trees 9 a neighborhood long subject$ to ! disease1 & _! pres5ce among ! trees ( individuals long s9ce dead4 #c4 ,indications ( ! long p]iod ! disease has be5 pres5t 9 ! trees !mselves2 su* z b>e wea!r$ tops1 & heal$ cank]s4 #d4 ,peculi>ities ( ! b>k2 su* z ext5sive developm5t ( ! callus tissue1 & ! pres5ce ( a peculi> sub/ance or :ite secretion :i* is p>ticul>ly conspicu\s 9 cases ( m>k$ resi/ance4 ,,is ,,! ,,disease ,,resi/ance ,,"h ,,an ,,h]$it>y ,,"*8 ,z to :e!r ?is disease resi/ance is an inh]5t "* & w be transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 or is only ! result ( p>ticul>ly favorable environm5tal conditions su* z soil1 light or moi/ure1 is a po9t ( great practical importance4 ,i believe t fur!r "w w prove t ! resi/ance is h]itable1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,! resi/ance is n due to a p>ticul>ly favorable environm5t ( ! trees1 = ! ?ree gr\ps gr[ 9 v diff]5t soils & "u v>y+ conditions ( light & moi/ure4 #b4 ,! f9d+ ( ! trees 9 colonies po9ts to a g5etic v>iation4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 unable to acc\nt = ! gr\p+ ( ! trees1 = ,i _h expect$ to f9d immune or resi/ant trees s+ly1 "h & !re4 ,b if we adopt ! hypo!sis ( a h]itable protoplasmic v>iation--some?+ 9 _! blood1 s to speak1 ! explanation is easy4 ,we "k t *e/nut fruits or nuts d n travel f>1 l ! se$s ( will[1 popl>1 maple or a%1 & !re=e1 9 any giv5 /& ( *e/nut1 if we c\ld g back f g5]ation to g5]ation into e>li] "t1 mo/ probably ! majority ( ! trees w\ld be f\nd to h aris5 f a common ance/or1 al?\gh ( c\rse a few outsid]s w\ld h f\nd _! way into ! gr\p1 c>ri$ by squirrels or o!r animals4 #c4 ,9 a consid]able numb] ( cases all ! memb]s ( ! same gr\p ( coppice trunks f an old /ump %[ a simil> degree ( resi/ance4 ,to attribute su* a condition z due m]ely to *ance1 occurr+ z (t5 z x does1 w\ld be plac+ a pretty l>ge burd5 on *ance2 & s9ce ! coppice trunks are all (f-%oots ( ! same plant1 ! condition is :at "o w\ld expect 7 ! resi/ant quality 9 inh]5t "*4 ,a correspond5ce ( degree ( resi/ance 0 also not$1 9 ! inoculations made on bran*es1 trunk1 & basal %oots ( ! same individual tree4 ,exp]im5tal "w is be+ c>ri$ on at ,wa%+ton to te/ out ! tru? ( ?is hypo!sis1 i4 e4 to see :e!r or n ! disease resi/ance is really h]itable4 ,! "w is be+ c>ri$ on 9 connection ) ! propagation ( o!r resi/ant /ock1 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 etc42 &1 z soon z ! dep>tm5t is sure ( ! product1 ! results w be di/ribut$ to nut gr[]s & o!rs :o are int]e/$4 ,9 ! meantime we c all help by be+ on ! look\t = resi/ant native trees4 ,i believe !y w be f\nd 9 _m places besides ! ,new ,york region4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,illu/ration = ?is pap] w be f\nd opposite page #fd4 #b ,metcalf1 ,hav5 ,coll9s1 ,j4 ,frankl94 ,! ,control ( ! ,*e/nut ,b>k ,disease4 ,f>m]'s ,bullet9--#dfg1 #aiaa1 ,p4 #e4 #c ,&]son1 ,p4 ,j4 ,rank91 ,w4 ,h41 ,endo?ia cank] ( *e/nut4 ,cornell ,univ4 ,agri4 ,expt4 ,/a4 ,bullet9 #cdg1 #aiad4 ,,ev5+ ,,session ,,sanit>ium ,,gymnasium1 at #h3jj ,p4,m4 ,presid5t ,re$ 9 ,*air ,,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,kellogg3 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 ,battle ,creek has ! honor today & tomorr[ to ent]ta9 ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,?is association ) o!r associations hav+ simil> purposes1 is und]tak+ to d1 x seems to me1 "o ( ! mo/ important ?+s t c be done = ! ,am]ican p--to %[ u h[ we c get our nitrog51 our prote91 & our fats )\t ! live/ock indu/ry :i* is wa/+ at lea/ n9e-t5?s ( ! gra91 or 9 fact at lea/ n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( all our food/uffs4 ,! great cause ( ! high co/ ( liv+ at ! pres5t "t is t ! pigs & ! cattle are eat+ up our corn & o!r good ?+s t we ought to eat ourselves4 ,if we _h a suffici5t area ( l&1 p]haps ev5 ! sides ( our roadways & railways plant$ out to black walnuts & o!r good nut trees1 we w\ld h all ! prote9 & fat we ne$$1 p]haps z mu* z we are gett+ n[1 & m1 & ! cattle indu/ry might be entirely dismiss$ f consid]ation1 & a great deal ( labor w\ld be sav$4 ,i am sure t !re is no place 9 ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates :]e ?is ,association c\ld h a he>ti] welcome ?an "h 9 ,battle ,creek1 or :]e p c\ld be f\nd :o w\ld appreciate its labors any m4 ,y are go+ to h a v int]e/+ program tonight4 ,we are favor$ ) visits f v di/+ui%$ g5tlem5 f all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 among o!rs ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ! ne/or ( ,am]ican surgeons has come all ! way f ,new ,york to tell u ab\t "s wond]ful discov]ies he has made1 & a fa!rless walnut tree he is cultivat+1 & o!r ?+s t w be ( great int]e/ to u all ,i am sure4 ,i take pleasure 9 introduc+ to y ! presid5t ( ?is ,association1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ( ,v9c5nes1 ,indiana4 ,mr4 ,re$4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we are simply cont9u+ our program4 ,?is aft]noon we 7 9 session at ! ,annex & mov$ ov] "h ?is ev5+ s z to be able to pres5t :at we h "h s we c\ld ent]ta9 m ( y ?an we c\ld ov] !re to advantage4 ,y "k t mo/ all m5 h a hobby along "s l9e or o!r1 & ^? :o con/itute our lead]s1 :om we h to look to1 & along ! l9e ( nut trees ( diff]5t species & s on1 we h le>n$ to look to ,dr4 ,morris z "o ( ! lead]s4 ,i h great pleasure 9 introduc+ to y ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ( ,new ,york1 :o w address y on ! hickory4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,hickories ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,:5 p speak ( ! hickory )\t qualification1 !y are apt to h 9 m9d "s "o k9d ( hickory :i* belong$ to _! boyhood environm5t4 ,all o!r k9ds :i* !y happ5$ to "k1 7 qualifi$ 9 "s way1 v mu* z ! ^w fi% 9 ,bo/on /&s = ! codfi% only1 o!r k9ds ( fi% 9 ! _w be+ describ$ by qualify+ names4 ,9 ! nor!a/ ! hickory means ! %agb>k4 ,9 ,miss\ri x means ! %ellb>k4 ,else:]e ! pignut & ! mock]nut are call$ hickory4 ,int]e/ 9 ! subject has increas$ s rapidly ( late ye>s t we mu/ all ( u be m p>ticul> 9 our descriptions & add qualify+ names1 speak+ always ( ! %agb>k hickory1 pecan hickory1 or bitt]nut hickory z ! case may be4 ,s>g5t describes fifte5 species ( hickory & 9 addition a l>ge numb] ( v>ieties by environm5t & by hybridization4 ,!re is a ,mexican hickory1 mak+ sixte5 species = ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 & ! late ,mr4 ,f4 ,n4 ,mey]1 ,agricultural ,explor] f ,wa%+ton1 has f\nd a hickory 9 ,*9a4 ,previ\s to ?is discov]y1 x 0 believ$ t ! hickories belong$ to ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t only4 ,botani/s divide ! hickories into two gr\ps1 ,apoc>ya & ,euc>ya4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 e day conv]sation1 x might be well = u to speak ( ! op5-bud gr\p & ! clos$ bud gr\p4 ,apoc>ya or ! op5 bud gr\p1 includes ! pecan hickory1 ,c>ya pecan1 ! bitt]nut hickory1 ,c>ya cordi=mis1 ! bitt] pecan1 ,c>ya texana1 ! wat] hickory1 ,c>ya aquatica1 ! nutmeg hickory1 ,c>ya myri/icae=mis1 & ! ,*9ese hickory1 ,c>ya ca?ay5sis4 ,! w9t] buds ( ?is gr\p w be se5 on exam9ation to %[ ! m9ute1 snugly curl$-up leaves :i* are ready to bur/ =? :5 ! spr+time sun op5s ! fronds ( ! f]ns :i* h =c$ _! way ?r\gh ! h>d gr\nd ) cl5*$ fi/s4 ,! scale buds 9 ! op5-bud gr\p d n cov] ! t9y leaf =ms completely4 ,9 ,euc>ya1 or ! clos$-bud gr\p1 /\t scales close ! bud completely aga9/ ! sn[ & ice ( w9try days1 s t we see scales only :5 look+ at ! bud4 ,! clos$-bud hickories include ! %agb>k1 ,c>ya ovata1 ! ,c>ol9a hickory1 ,c>ya ,c>ol9ae-sept5trionalis1 ! %ellb>k1 ,c>ya lac9iosa1 ! mock]nut1 ,c>ya alba1 ! smoo?-b>k hickory1 ,c>ya leiod]mis1 ! pallid hickory1 ,c>ya pallida1 ! close-b>k pignut1 ,c>ya glabra1 ! loose-b>k pignut1 ,c>ya ovalis1 ! ,florida hickory1 ,c>ya ,floridana1 ! ,buckley hickory1 ,c>ya ,buckleyi1 & ! ,mexican hickory1 ,c>ya ,mexicana4 ,hickories :i* h nuts ) a bitt] pellicle1 all belong to ! op5-bud gr\p4 ,^! are ! bitt]nut1 ,texas hickory1 & wat] hickory4 ,hickories ) scaly b>k are f\nd 9 bo? gr\ps4 ,9 ! op5-bud gr\p1 ! trunk ( ! wat] hickory c>ries long loose b>k /rips atta*$ by "o end1 & 9 ! clos$-bud gr\p1 we f9d ?is *>act]i/ic belong+ to ! %agb>k1 %ellb>k1 ,c>ol9a hickory1 & to "o ( ! pignuts1 ,c>ya ovalis4 ,t takes u to ano!r occasion = a note4 ,:at d we mean by pignut8 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ?is t]m is appli$ to ,c>ya glabra & ,c>ya ovalis4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 x is appli$ to ,c>ya cordi=mis4 ,a "n s well e/abli%$1 w h to be reta9$1 b 9 our ,association x w p]haps be be/ to h an und]/&+ ab\t :i* "o ( ! hickories ! common "n pignut %\ld belong4 ,s long z x already cov]s two species 9 ! ,nor? z oppos$ to "o 9 ! ,s\?1 !re are already two votes to "o 9 favor ( reta9+ ! "n pignut = ,c>ya glabra & ,c>ya ovalis4 ,we may describe ^! 9 pla9 language z ! smoo?-b>k pignut & ! loose-b>k pignut4 ,! reason = *oos+ ! "n loose in/ead ( scaly is because we are pretty well agre$ ^u apply+ ! "n scalyb>k to ! ,c>ol9a hickory1 ! "n %agb>k to ,c>ya ovata1 & ! "n %ellb>k to ,c>ya lac9iosa4 ,! "n bitt]nut may safely be all[$ to rema9 ) ,c>ya cordi=mis because ! o!r two nuts ) bitt] pellicle already h di/9ctive names1 ,c>ya aquatica be+ call$ wat] hickory & ,c>ya texana be+ call$ bitt] pecan4 ,by mak+ fix$ po9ts 9 nom5clature 9 ?is way we may head (f ! confusion :i* w become worse conf\nd$ z ! int]e/ 9 hickories becomes rapidly enl>g$1 if our committee on nom5clature does n take "s decisive /ep4 ,conc]n+ ,lat9 nom5clature1 we h fur!r tr\bles = settlem5t4 ,hicoria is ! olde/ g5]ic "n & naturally %\ld h priority b ! ,vi5na ,congress ( ,botani/s adopt$ ,c>ya4 ,s f> s good 7or bad74 ,n[ comes our tr\ble 9 giv+ specific & v>ietal names4 ,! b9omial is cle>ly applicable en\gh = species1 ,c>ya pecan1 = example1 b :5 we come to v>ieties ( ! pecan !re are two k9ds ( v>ieties to be consid]$1 ^? by environm5t & ^? by hybridization4 ,9 cases ( natural v>iation we are /ill )9 accept$ res\rces 9 nom5clature by say+ = example1 ,c>ya pecan1 v>1 ,/u>tii4 ,:5 nam+ hybrid v>ieties1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t 9 advance ( ! abbreviation v>1 we place ! abbreviation hyb4 ?us read+ = ,br[n's pecan1 ,c>ya pecan1 hyb4 v>4 ,br[nii1 in/ead ( ,c>ya ,br[nii1 :i* latt] b9omial w\ld ?r[ x among ! species4 ,9 view ( ! fact t we are to h 9 ! future hundr$s ( nam$ hybrids1 x seems to me t we mu/ adopt "s su* def9ite me?od = conv5i5ce promptly4 ,?is me?od ( nam+1 relates to conv5i5ce & is appli$ to ! mo/ evid5t p>5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 horticultural circles we are do+ precisely t sort ( ?+1 speak+1 = example1 ( ,br[n's pecan mean+ a nut :i* we recognize z be+ a hybrid1 br\ght to att5tion by ,br[n b ) ! pecan z p>5t mo/ /rongly 9 evid5ce4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy1 ! only hickory nuts ( any sort available1 7 ^? collect$ f wild trees4 ,! popul> boy 0 "o :o knew ( "s trees :i* furni%$ ! be/ nuts & :o did n keep ! news to himself4 ,! squirrels knew ! be/ nuts z well z ! boys did & !y w\ld g pa/ _m hickory trees along f5ces & groves 9 ord] to congregate 9 ! ones :i* _h ! nuts ) ! ?9ne/ %ells & plumpe/ meats ( be/ quality4 ,9 ! e>ly morn+ h\rs ,i h se5 sev]al squirrels 9 "o p>ticul>ly good hickory nut tree & n a s+le squirrel 9 a tree completely fill$ ) nuts1 ?\gh its bran*es t\*es ^? ( ! fir/ "o4 ,m5 are q z intellig5t z squirrels 9 "s respects4 ,"h & !re attempts 7 made at propagat+ f9e hickory trees ( v>i\s species by plant+ nuts4 ,x 0 n g5]ally kn[n at t "t t ! hickories 7 s ?or\ghly cross$ l ! apples1 t !y w\ld n reproduce true to type f se$4 ,attempts 7 !n made at graft+ :i* 7 mo/ly failures = _m ye>s4 ,we are n[ on ! v]ge ( a great developm5t 9 hybridization or cross+ ( *oice k9ds ( hickories & 9 det]m9+ ^u :i* /ocks ! diff]5t k9ds ( select$ hickories may be gr[n to be/ advantage4 ,hybrids betwe5 v>ieties ( hickories occur frequ5tly 9 nature & hybrids betwe5 species ( hickories occur occasionally4 ,a numb] ( ^! accid5tal hybrids h be5 discov]$ & "s ( !m are n[ be+ propagat$4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y d n repres5t ! be/ quality ( ! be/ p>5t b x is a notable fact t ! bitt]ness ( k9ds ) ! bitt] pellicle appe>s to be a recessive "* & disappe>s usually f hybrids betwe5 species 9 :i* "o p>5t has a bitt] nut4 ,un=tunately1 ! f9] extractive :i* give "* to ! nut ( ! bett] p>5t are prone to disappe> also4 ,?is is 9 l9e ) our exp]i5ce 9 mix+ ( *>act]s along ,m5delian l9es4 ,giv5 a suffici5t numb] ( hybrids & we %all h "h & !re "o ) spectacul> *>act]i/ics ( special value4 ,n[ t horticulturi/s at ! pres5t mom5t are turn+ s freely t[>d ! idea ( produc+ quantities ( hybrids artificially1 ! next g5]ation w see hickory nuts :i* 7 n dream$ ( 9 ! days :5 ,i 0 a boy4 ,! cross+ ( hickories is n difficult "w4 ,we simply remove ! male fl[]s f bran*es c>ry+ female fl[]s be=e ! male fl[]s h begun to %$ _! poll54 ,! female fl[]s are !n cov]$ ) oil$ pap] bags ti$ ov] !m = protection & :5 ! dang] f self poll9ation has pass$1 we take (f ! bags & add a little poll5 :i* we h kept = ! purpose--poll5 f "s trees be>+ rem>kably valuable nuts4 ,nuts result+ f ?is cross poll9ation :5 plant$1 give u new v>ieties ( trees :i* nev] h be5 se5 be=e by anybody & t is s int]e/+ t v _m p w probably take up hybridization z an incid5t 9 recreation4 ,"s ( ! hybrids w be> v e>ly 9 _! hi/ory & o!rs v late4 ,if "o is impati5t to det]m9e at once :i* ones are to be valuable1 he c hurry ! process by graft+ a numb] ( cutt+s f "y se$l+ trees into ! tops ( l>g] trees :i* are already be>+--label+ ea* graft1 s t he may keep track ( ! se$l+ /ock f :i* x came4 ,x is possible to put "o hundr$ or m se$l+s 9 ! top ( "s /ock tree at "o "t4 ,"o reason = delay 9 propagation by graft+ is because ! hickories l _m o!r trees are sl[ 9 mak+ repair ( w\nds4 ,grafts usually p]i%$ be=e be+ accept$ by ! /ock "u graft+ me?ods t 7 9 common use4 ,! be/ /ep =w>d 9 graft+ me?od = hickories is "o t ,i obta9$ f ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,he tells me t he obta9$ ! me?od f its orig9ator1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl1 ,godfrey1 ,ill9ois4 ,?is consi/$ 9 cov]+ ! entire graft1 buds & all1 ) melt$ graft+ wax & includ+ also all ( ! w\nd & wrapp+ ( ! /ock4 ,! buds make _! way ?r\gh ?is graft+ wax )\t any difficulty1 b ! graft+ wax us$ by ,mr4 ,jones conta9$ lamp black & t us$ by ,mr4 ,riehl consi/$ ( a beeswax & ros9 mixture4 ,x 0 f\nd t ^! seem$ to be applicable 9 ! ,nor? b n f>!r s\? 9 ! hott] sun4 ,exam9+ into ! reasons = ?is1 x seem$ to me t 9 all probability ! black graft+ wax us$ by ,mr4 ,jones & ! br[n or amb] graft+ wax us$ by ,mr4 ,riehl1 w\ld naturally all[ ! heat rays ( ! sun to pass ?r\gh to ! graft :ile halt+ ! act9ic ray ( light4 ,! latt] is extremely valuable = promot+ ! activity ( *lorophyl1 :i* acts only 9 ! pres5ce ( light & 9 ! be/ way 9 ! be/ light4 ,! heat rays might h c]ta9 de/ructive qualities4 ,) ?is !oretical idea ( ! situation 9 m9d1 ,i employ$ melt$ p>aff9 9 place ( ! graft+ wax1 cov]+ ! scions completely z well z ! w\nd 9 ! /ock & ! wrapp+s4 ,?is imm$iately prov$ to be a success4 ,9 fact1 x appe>s to h *ang$ ! entire subject ( graft+ nut trees 9 su* a way t any intellig5t boy employ+ ?is me?od c n[ d bett] hickory nut graft+ ?an w\ld h be5 possible at ! h&s ( an exp]t two ye>s ago4 ,! melt$ p>aff9 fills ! int]/ices 9 :i* sap might collect & f]m5t1 b at ! same "t1 h>d5+ s quickly t x does n introduce ! dang] ( ext5sion betwe5 po9ts ( contact ) scion & /ock4 ,! second po9t ( value consi/s 9 all[+ ! act9ic ray 9 ! sunlight to act ^u ! *lorophyl 9 bud & b>k ( ! scion & x does n attract ! de/ructive heat ray4 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ important s+le po9t ( value & due to ! transp>5cy ( ! p>aff94 ,?ird1 ! p>aff9 coat+1 imp]vi\s to air1 ma9ta9s ! sap t5sion equally 9 ! c\rse ( fluctuation betwe5 negative & positive pressures occurr+ betwe5 night & day1 & "u v>y+ conditions ( light & temp]ature4 ,?is ma9t5ance ( equalis$ sap t5sion1 ,i believe to be important4 ,! p>aff9 is wat]pro( & prev5ts evaporation f ! scion1 :i* o!rwise is prone to dry out be=e granulation ( ! w\nd has tak5 place 9 ! hickories1 z 9 o!r species :i* callus sl[ly4 ,fif?1 "u ! p>aff9 coat+ ( /ock & scion1 ! plant app>5tly does n h t anxiety :i* w\ld o!rwise lead x to introduce ! protective feature ( sup]ization1 ! spread+ ( a corky lay] ov] ! w\nd surface betwe5 /ock & scion1 ?us introduc+ a me*anical ob/acle to union4 ,?is me?od ( graft+ has ext5d$ ! graft+ season = ne>ly two mon?s1 app>5tly4 ,=m]ly1 ,i hurri$ to get all ( ! grafts 9 :ile buds 7 bur/+1 9 e>ly ,may4 ,dur+ ! season ( #aiai ,i graft$ hickories up to ,augu/ six? exp]im5tally4 ,! la/ grafts :i* caught well 9 a practical way 7 put 9 on ,july tw5ty-fir/4 ,aft] t ! proportion ( cat*es 0 small & ! gr[? feeble4 ,incid5tally1 x may be rem>k$ t filb]ts graft$ z late z ,augu/ six?1 did p]fectly well4 ,! scions employ$ 7 cut 9 late w9t] & kept 9 ! sawdu/ ( my iceh\se4 ,i =m]ly suppos$ t ice b5ea? ! sawdu/ 0 important1 b ?is ye> ,i c\ld n get ice & ! scions kept j z well4 ,9 ,july1 exp]im5ts 7 tri$ ) graft+ directly f "o tree to ano!r1 us+ wood ( ! season's gr[?4 ,?is work$ well ) hazels1 b n ) hickories or walnuts1 only "o out ( _m hickory grafts cat*+4 ,t "o1 h[ev]1 is significant & ,i hope to "w out pr9ciples :i* w all[ ( direct graft+ ( hickories z readily z may be done ) ! hazels4 ,:5 a hickory graft is to be ins]t$ into a small /ock or bran*1 ! ord9>y cleft graft does well4 ,9 /ock recipi5ts mu* l>g] ?an ! graft a side cleft ( ! wid? ( ! scion only is desirable1 or bett] yet ! split b>k me?od devis$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl4 ,a /raight split is made 9 ! b>k ( ! end ( ! /ock1 & ! graft cr[d$ d[n into ?is split s t x rema9s betwe5 b>k & wood f9ally4 ,my own me?od = l>ge /ocks1 is :at ,i h call$ ! slot b>k me?od4 ,?is consi/s 9 turn+ d[n a wid? ( /ock b>k measur+ ! same z ! scion 9 wid?4 ,:5 ! scion has be5 ins]t$ into ?is slot s made1 ! b>k is turn$ up ov] x aga9 & fa/5$ !re4 ,by ?is me?od ,i h put scions 9 ! trunks ( trees ne>ly a foot 9 diamet] & at any *os5 po9t1 sometimes sev]al feet bel[ ! ends ( cut bran*es4 ,"o may cut (f ! top ( a l>ge hickory tree & !n peg ! trunk full ( scions by means ( b>k slots4 ,ano!r important po9t 9 hickory propagation "w consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( ! ,spani% w9dlass = fa/5+ graft & /ock toge!r4 ,! old "t wrapp+ ( tw9e or ( raffia _h to be releas$ 9 ord] to all[ gr[? at ! po9t ( union ( scion & /ock4 ,:5 cord is us$ x cuts deeply into ! new gr[?1 & raffia1 :i* is plac$ on flat1 w be bur/ op54 ,9 ei!r case new wrapp+ is requir$ at a prec>i\s "t1 accord+ to old me?ods4 ,! ,spani% w9dlass1 :i* is us$ 9 surg]y = controll+ haemorrage1 seem$ to me to be applicable = fa/5+ scions 9 place4 ,x consi/s 9 a p>aff9$ cord ) ends ti$ 9 a firm knot b hang+ loosely ab\t ! graft & w\nd4 ,a wood5 skew] or any small lev]1 is !n ins]t$ into ! loose loop ( cord & twi/$ ab\t until ! "p ( ! cord ab\t ! graft w\nd is s snug t x holds ! scion 9 place m firmly ?an x c be held by any o!r sort ( wrapp+4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! cord f cutt+ into ! b>k1 two %ields ( wood or metal an in* 9 l5g?1 are int]pos$ betwe5 cord & b>k4 ,! lev] ( ! ,spani% w9dlass is fa/5$ ) a cord or ) a galvaniz$ nail 9 ord] to prev5t ! w9dlass f unw9d+ & ! :ole cov]$ ) melt$ p>aff94 ,?is may rema9 9 place = two seasons )\t *ange1 hold+ ! scion firmly 9 place all ( t "t & requir+ no att5tion4 ,! gr[+ /ock sep>ates ! two %ields v mu* z x might sep>ate two /ones 9 ! field & automatically unw9ds ! ,spani% w9dlass by %e] =ce1 j en\gh to all[ gr[? )\t any unloos5+ ( its hold+ app>atus4 ,9 hickory graft+1 mu* exp]im5tal "w rema9s to be done 9 ! *oice ( /ocks = grafts ( diff]5t species4 ,almo/ all ( ! hickories t h be5 graft$ ^u ! pecan hickory /ock1 seem to d pretty well ^u t /ock1 b ! conv]se is n true4 ,! pecan app>5tly does n d well z a rule :5 graft$ ^u o!r hickory /ocks1 ev5 ^u ^? ( its c\s9s 9 ! op5-bud gr\p4 ,! %agb>k hickory1 9 my exp]i5ce1 has done be/ ^u /ocks ( ! %agb>k or mock]nut or pignut4 ,a numb] ( ye>s1 h[ev]1 are requir$ 9 "s cases = det]m9+ t po9t4 ,%agb>ks :i* ,i h graft$ ^u bitt]nuts h sometimes made a rem>kably good />t4 ,!n at ! end ( ?ree or f\r ye>s !y beg9 to sl[ up1 :ile %agb>ks on %agb>k /ock1 />t+ sl[ly at fir/1 surpass$ ! ones on bitt]nut /ock f9ally4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiai1 ,i topwork$ two trees /&+ ne> toge!r & ( ab\t ! same size 7?irty feet7 ) ,beav] hybrid 7a cross betwe5 ! bitt]nut & ! %agb>k74 ,"o ( ! trees 0 a bitt]nut & ! o!r a pignut4 ,almo/ ev]yone ( ! grafts ( ! ,beav] grew ?riftily on ! bitt]nut4 ,^? on ! pignut /ock practically all caught & made %ort gr[? & !n began to wilt back4 ,f9ally1 only "o %oot rema9$ alive4 ,?is v /rik+ object lesson w h be>+ 9 v>y+ degrees 9 all ( our hickory graft+4 ,accord+ to my exp]i5ce to date1 hybrid hickories are graft$ m readily ?an are /raight species or v>ieties4 ,!y seem to h lo/ family pride & seem to take up ) any fri5d (f]+ economic support4 ,9 ! case j quot$1 h[ev]1 caprice 0 %[n by ! ,beav] hybrid :i* took eag]ly to a ho/ ( ! species ( "o ( its p>5ts4 ,x refus$ to ?rive on ! pignut :i* did n repres5t ei!r "o ( its p>5ts al?\gh t same pignut /ock w\ld h be5 accept$ by %agb>k scions--! %agb>k repres5t+ ! o!r p>5t ( ! ,beav]4 ,?is sort ( exp]i5ce ?r[s op5 ! entire subject 9 su* a l>ge way z to %[ :at possibilities ( success & failure lie be=e u 9 exp]im5tal "w4 ,! same me?od ( graft+1 ! p>aff9 w9dlass me?od1 0 employ$ = ^! two trees :i* 7 neighbors4 ,int]e/+ exp]im5tal "w is to be done 9 f9d+ ! ext5t to :i* diff]5t species & v>ieties ( hickories may be gr[n out ( _! indig5\s range4 ,at ,/am=d1 ! bitt] pecan f ,texas1 appe>s to be p]fectly h>dy b x makes v sl[ gr[?--sometimes less ?an an in* 9 a ye>4 ,! ,buckley hickory also f ,texas1 gr[s ?riftly at ,/am=d & s does ! ,c>ol9a hickory ,pecans f ! nor!rn belt ?rive at ,m]ribrooke1 b ^? f ! s\!rn belt h su* a long gr[+ season1 t _! new wood is n yet suffici5tly well lignifi$ to /& ! w9t] well4 ,"s ( !m pull ?r\gh a mild w9t] 9 fairly good ord]1 b on ! :ole !y d n ?rive4 ,! comm]cial side ( hickory rais+1 is be+ work$ out = ! pecan only at ! pres5t "t4 ,we may assume t sev]al ( ! o!r species ( hickory adapt$ to gr[+ 9 ! nor?1 w equal pecans 9 importance1 ev5tually4 ,! reason = t is because "s ( ! o!r hickories /& q z high z ! pecan 9 food value & g5]al excell5ce4 ,at ! "t ( writ+1 l[ grade se$l+ %ellb>k nuts f ! ,we/ are sell+ 9 ! retail m>ket 9 ,new ,york = =ty c5ts a p\nd4 ,i h se5 bett] nuts ( ?is species be+ load$ on ! c>s 9 ,ohio at fifty c5ts a bu%el4 ,! pres5t ,new ,york price1 to be sure1 repres5ts a pr(ite]+ w> price4 ,f9e grades ( %agb>k hickories & "s ( ! hybrids w comm& prices equally high ) prices = be/ pecans 9 ! m>ket ( to-morr[4 ,,voice3 ,w x be practical to plant nuts1 get "y plants1 & !n bud or graft !m8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 t is :at we d4 ,x is practical to plant nuts = ! purpose ( gett+ a /ock1 b n = ! purpose ( gett+ nuts4 ,b we plant !m 9 ! nurs]y r[s1 & !n :5 !y are two ye>s old1 pref]ably 7"s l ?ree-ye>-old trees71 we graft !m ov] to good k9ds 9 ! nurs]y r[2 !n !y rema9 !re = a ye> or two1 & are transf]r$ or sold4 ,we n[ h memb]s ( ?is association :o are exp]ts 9 graft+ nut trees :o make t a bus9ess4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n t we h 9 ?is c\ntry ?ree j\rnals devot$ :olly to ! subject ( nut culture4 ,we h nurs]ym5 :o make a specialty ( graft$ nut trees ( ! v be/ sorts1 s t "o may p]haps take up ?is mode ( f>m+ m pr(itably today ?an almo/ any o!r sort ( f>m+4 ,"o g5tleman 9 ,p5nsylvania told me he made ?irty ?\s& doll>s on "o crop ( *e/nuts two ye>s ago1 cultivat$ *e/nuts4 ,he _h ?irty acres1 & no tree 0 yet f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,8 net pr(it beyond all exp5ses 0 ?irty ?\s& doll>s t ye>4 ,!re are probably v few pr(essional m5 :o make m ?an t a ye>4 ,_m m5 are mak+ good1 com=table incomes out ( _! nut or*>ds4 ,x is ! be/ insurance aga9/ ! ne$s ( old age1 ! be/ sort ( life insurance4 ,,voice3 ,d y use any?+ besides ! hickory z /ock = graft+ on8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 we h "s exp]im5t+ to d 9 ord] to le>n :i* /ock w be/ s]ve = a c]ta9 v>iety4 ,we f9d t "o species or v>iety ( hickory w accept o!r v>ieties ( t species well1 b p]haps x w n accept ano!r species4 ,we d "k t c]ta9 k9ds d rem>kably well on c]ta9 /ocks2 b ! entire range ( t subject has n z yet be5 work$ out4 ,,"q3 ,does ! /ock y graft on h any effect on ! quality ( ! fruit8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! /ock on :i* y graft is suppos$ to h no effect at all on ! quality ( ! fruit4 ,b !re are "s exceptions4 ,we le>n$ t 9 orange graft+4 ,a naval orange graft$ on ! wild orange /ock might be raggy1 n full ( juice2 :ile :5 graft$ on ! trifoliate orange /ock might be heavy & full ( juice4 ,s 9 t case ! /ock did h "s influ5ce ^u ! graft2 & !re are o!r in/ances4 ,b z a rule we assume t ! /ock has no influ5ce ^u ! graft 9 reg>d to ! validity ( "*4 ,,"q3 ,are pecans a v>iety ( hickory8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 pecans are hickories4 ,! ,indians gave x ! "n ( pekan4 ,! ,fr5* spell$ x pecanne1 s t has be5 spell$ z ! pecan1 )\t ! necess>y o!r "p ( its "n1 hickory4 ,we %\ld always say pecan hickory--always4 ,,dr4 ,,kellogg3 ,dr4 ,morris1 h[ old hickories may be us$ = graft+8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) trees up to fifty ye>s ( age2 b ! mo/ satisfactory "w1 p]haps1 is done ) trees t are n m ?an fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ( age & ?ree or f\r or five in*es 9 diamet]4 ,^? are ! be/ trees to "w )4 ,if we cut (f ! limbs ( a v old tree & try to top "w x1 x means an enorm\s am\nt ( "w on ! "p ( ! or*>di/1 m "w ?an my employees l to give x4 ,b "o may topwork a tree ( almo/ any age1 pref]ably a tree less ?an tw5ty-five ye>s ( age2 & by *oice ,i %\ld say trees n m ?an t5 ye>s ( age4 ,we h exp]ts 9 ! audi5ce bett] qualifi$ to speak on t subject ?an ,i am4 ,,"q3 ,d y pref] ! melt$ p>aff9 to ! old-fa%ion$ way ( us+ bees wax8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! old-fa%ion$ beeswax _h a c]ta9 color1 & ! black wax ) *>coal1 ) lampblack1 bo? turn$ ! light ray & all[$ ! heat ray to ent] s t ! amb] ( ! old res9 wax1 & ! black ( ! black wax bo? all[$ damage to occur to ! tree1 9 ! ,s\? p>ticul>ly1 9 a hot climate e>ly 9 ! summ]1 prev5t$ our graft+ 9 ! summ] because ( ! turn+ away ( ! light ray t 0 want$ & ! absorption ( ! heat ray t 0 n want$4 ,! melt$ p>aff9 be+ p]fectly transp>5t1 all[s ! light ray to set ! *lorophyl into activity4 ,all ! life processes ( ! tree are c>ri$ on "u ! influ5ce ( ! gre5 *lorophyl gra9s1 & ^! "w only 9 ! pres5ce ( light4 ,,"q3 ,c y successfully graft a pecan on ! pignut8 ,,"q3 ,:at is ! be/ /ock to graft pecan on8 ,,dr4,,morris3 ,pecan /ock1 ,i ?9k4 ,i d n ?9k we h any?+ bett]4 ,mr4 ,re$ & ,mr4 ,jones are bo? exp]ts 9 t field4 ,!y h graft$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( trees4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k ! pecan is ! be/4 ,! hickory w gr[ on ! pecan v well1 ! %agb>k hickory1 b x w n d to *ange x ) any degree ( success4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! %agb>ks w gr[ fairly well on pecans1 b ! pecan n well on ! %agb>k4 ,x is be/ ,i ?9k to put %agb>ks on %agb>k or %ellb>k4 ,b !y d well on pignut4 ,i h got "s v good %agb>ks on mock]nut4 ,on bitt]nut !y gr[ fa/1 b at ! end ( eight or t5 ye>s are incl9$ to sl[ up4 ,%agb>k c be put on1 ,i suppose1 t5 o!r k9ds ( hickory1 b ! pecan c n4 ,,"q3 ,h[ _m grafts w\ld be necess>y on a nut tree twelve in*es 9 diamet]8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i %\ld say y w\ld probably h to put 9 fifty4 ,i w\ld cut (f ! bran*es d[n to ab\t two in*es or an in* & a half 9 diamet]1 & t might leave fifty /ubs to graft4 ,graft all ( !m1 is "o way to d x4 ,hav+ done "o t way1 y w !n become famili> ) ! entire subject4 ,,"q3 ,:at is ! be/ "t ( ye>8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i don't "k4 ,"s "t ago ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ said to its read]s t !re is disagreem5t ab\t ! be/ "t = prun+ pea* trees4 ,let u he> f all our read]s4 ,s all ( ! read]s wrote express+ _! op9ions1 & ! editor said1 ,summ+ up all ( ! op9ions1 ! entire te/imony 9 ! case1 we h decid$ t ! "t to prune y\r pea* tree is :5 y\r knife is %>p4 ,i _h always suppos$ t ! be/ "t = graft+ 0 :5 ! buds 7 fir/ bur/+ 9 ! spr+1 always held rigidly to t1 & at t "t ( ! ye> 0 9 a great hurry4 ,i dropp$ pr(essional "w & lo/ hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 ord] to see ?is "w g ahead2 x is m int]e/+ ?an pr(essional "w4 ,& n[ ?is ye>1 ) ?is new me?od1 ,i h graft$ "r /raight on up to ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 & ev]y?+ gr[+--delib]ately1 all ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,s t n[1 at ! pres5t mom5t ,i d n "k4 ,a ye> ago ,i c\ld h told y4 ,:5 ,i fir/ graduat$ 9 m$ic9e1 ,i c\ld answ] any "q 9 m$ic9e4 ,aft] =ty ye>s ( surg]y1 ,i am puzzl$ ov] a great _m que/ions4 ,x is ! same way reg>d+ graft+4 ,,"q3 ,9 summ] graft+ d y remove ! leaves f scions8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,9 summ] graft+ ,i h us$ = ! mo/ "p scions ,i h kept 9 ! icebox 9 sawdu/4 ,i h =m]ly put 9 tw5ty or ?irty tons 9 my iceh\se = my family to use dur+ ! summ]4 ,la/ w9t] we c\ld n get any ice1 & my scions 7 j z good kept 9 ! sawdu/ z if we _h _h ice2 & ,i graft$ ^? scions 9 ,augu/ & ! grafts are liv+4 ,i h also cut (f ! leaves 9 graft+1 b t is new & y c n dep5d on x1--/op at "o tree1 cut (f a piece ( x1 & put x on ano!r tree & h x gr[4 ,i h nev] done t until ?is ye>1 & x does n succe$ 9 a v l>ge p]c5tage4 ,x is n practical4 ,x c be done--,i h prov5 t2 b x is n practical4 ,! be/ way is to use y\r scions f la/ ye> t h be5 kept 9 cold /orage 9 sawdu/ or leaves4 ,,dr4 ,,kellogg3 ,:5 %\ld ! scions be cut8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re is "s disagreem5t ab\t t4 ,almo/ all scions may suff] a little w9t] injury4 ,"s m5 pref] to cut 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,decemb] be=e we h _h any h>d w9t]1 !n keep !m 9 cold /orage dur+ ! entire ye>1 mod]ately moi/1 or protect$ 9 s&1 leaves1 or /ratification4 ,b ,i h always pref]r$ ,febru>y myself1 cutt+ !m ! la/ ( ,febru>y be=e ! buds beg9 to />t1 !n put !m 9 sawdu/ 9 ! iceh\se or cold /orage1 or bury !m "u a ?ick lay] ( leaves4 ,= budd+ y transf] imm$iately4 ,9 fact1 budd+ te*nically comes "u ! same physiologic pr9ciples z graft+4 ,9 budd+ ,i d t "w 9 my place at ,/am=d1 ,conn41 ab\t ! latt] "p ( ,july or e>ly ,augu/4 ,,dr4 ,,kellogg3 ,d y use ! same me?od 9 transf]r+ buds8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 ,i fix !m ! same way z ,i d ! graft & cov] ev]y?+ ) p>aff94 ,i h ev5 _h a little %ort side graft gr[ us+ ?is p>aff9 me?od1 a graft two or ?ree in*es long4 ,,dr4 ,,kellogg3 ,tell u ab\t ^? fa!rless walnuts4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,9 ! c\rse ( cross+ ! nut trees1 we suppos$1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t we mu/ always h ! poll5 f "o tree1 or f a tree :i* bore ! /am9ate or f]tiliz+ fl[]s1 9 ord] to develop nuts or fruit ( any sort2 b on "o occasion ,i cov]$ a lot ( ,*9kap9 female fl[]s ) pap] bags2 ,i didn't h poll5 en\gh to g ar\nd & left ! bags on because ,i happ5$ to be too lazy or too busy to pull !m (f4 ,ab\t a mon? lat] :5 ,i did take !m (f ,i f\nd a full set ( *9kap9 nuts "u ^? bags4 ,!y _h receiv$ no poll54 ,t 0 an obs]vation ( a good deal ( int]e/4 ,x may h be5 t !y _h gone on by :at we call p>!nog5esis1 & we _h ! *ildr5 )\t ! fa!r1 _h ! female p>5t only1 ! fa!rless *9kap94 ,x s\nds sad4 ,i foll[$ up ! exp]im5t ) o!r nut trees1 & f\nd t n infrequ5tly we may develop fa!rless nuts4 ,! effect w be1 accord+ to natural law1 to int5sify ! *>act]i/ics ( "o p>5t4 ,! female :i* be>s ?is fruit1 ?is *ild1 )\t a fa!r1 w give to t *ild an int5sification ( h] own *>act]i/ics4 ,t w be ! effect ( p>!nog5esis4 ,t may be cont9u$ ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations p]haps2 we d n "k4 ,x is new1 q new4 7,applause74 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,! next topic is ! ,dige/ibility ( ,nuts1 by ,mr4 ,cajorie1 ( ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,,! ,,nutritive ,,value ,,( ,,nuts ,f4 ,a4 ,,cajorie1 ,,yale ,,univ]sity1 ,,new ,,hav51 ,,conn4 ,mr4 ,presid5t & memb]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association3 ,x 0 ) great pleasure t ,i accept$ ! invitation ( y\r ,association to be pres5t at ?is conv5tion & give a discussion ( nuts & nut production1 f ! po9t ( view ( _! nutritive or food value4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s our k ( nutrition & ! p>ts t individual foods may play 9 ! diet has be5 greatly increas$ & 9 ! light ( ! new discov]ies1 x is int]e/+ & valuable to view ! place t nuts hold4 ,z y are well aw>e1 nuts h be5 us$ z foods by ! peoples ( ! _w4 ,9 _m places nut products h made up a v appreciable "p ( ! diet4 ,*e/nut fl\r is ext5sively us$ 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,among ! peasants ( ,tuscany1 *e/nut fl\r =ms a consid]able "p ( ! total diet4 ,9 ?is region1 also gr\nd acorns are made into bread ) c]eal fl\rs & 9 ?is =m is a common food4 ,! hazel or filb]t nut is also se5 9 ! =m ( fl\r on ! %ores ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,races liv+ 9 ! tropics h utiliz$ ! _m v>ieties ( nuts indig5\s to tropical climes su* z ! coconut1 ,brazil nuts1 ,java almond1 ,p>adise nut1 c&le nut & ,african cream nut4 ,9 ! ,ori5t1 ! li*i1 g9ko & wat] *e/nut1 & 9 ,italy & ,india ! v>ieties ( ! p9e nut are us$ to consid]able ext5t4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ) ! exception ( a few localities & among a limit$ class ( p1 nuts h nev] made up a /aple "p ( our diet>ies1 r !y h be5 us$ z ta/y supplem5ts to o!rwise complete m5us4 ,t !y are priz$ z adjuncts & are s\ght aft] is /rik+ly %[n :5 we see 9 our m>kets n only ! products ( our native ,am]ican nut trees1 ! hickory1 walnut1 butt]nut1 *e/nut1 pecan1 bee*nut & p9ion1 b ! ,brazil nut1 filb]t1 ,engli% walnut1 peanut1 coconut1 all ( :i* are d]iv$ f =eign c\ntries or f trees orig9ally import$ to ,am]ica f o!r l&s4 ,analysis ( nuts h %[n !m to be ( two types1 "o ri* 9 fats & prote91 ! nitrog5 conta9+ compon5t ( our foods & ! o!r relatively ri* 9 c>bohydrates1 or />*es4 ,) ! exception ( ! *e/nut1 & ! coconut1 mo/ ( our m common nuts belong to ?is fir/ class1 & *emi/s h po9t$ out t 9 ^! nuts we h a conc5tration ( prote9 & fat se5 9 no o!r class ( food/uffs4 ,= example1 ! prote9-fat ri* nuts h a p]c5tage ( prote9 v>y+ betwe5 #ae & #cj & a fat cont5t ( #ej-gj2 comp>e ?is ) o!r foods t we ?9k ( z be+ conc5trat$2 eggs1 #ab prote9 & #aj fat2 *eese #bh prote91 #cg fat2 r\nd /eak1 #bj prote91 #ad fat2 & bread1 #aj prote94 ,?is nutritive conc5tration 9 nuts places !m 9 a unique position among our natural food products4 ,our c]eals1 meats1 fruit & vegetables all conta9 m or less wat] or refuse t r$uces _! conc5tration1 :ile 9 nuts we f9d a compact =m ( almo/ pure food4 ,we are dep5d5t on foods = ! s\rce ( en]gy t is necess>y to p]=m our "w & ma9ta9 our body temp]ature mu* 9 ! same way t a /eam eng9e is dep5d5t on ! fuel suppli$ x to p]=m ! me*anical tasks assign$ to x1 & ?is fuel value ( foods 9 turn1 dep5ds on ! am\nt ( prote91 c>bohydrate & fat1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 t are pres5t 9 ! foods4 ,at once we see1 9 our conc5trat$ nuts1 a trem5d\s s\rce ( en]gy1 provid$ t we c dige/ ^! nuts & make ?is en]gy available4 ,despite ! fact1 z reveal$ by *emical analysis1 t 9 nuts we h a s\rce ( prote9 & fat 9 a conc5tration r>ely se5 9 foods1 !re h be5 relatively few exp]im5ts to actually det]m9e ! dige/ibility4 ,pr( ,jaffa at ! ,cali=nia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 0 ! fir/ to make a compreh5sive inve/igation along ^! l9es4 ,he made ext5sive dige/ion te/s on m5 us+ mo/ ( ! m common ,am]ican nuts4 ,8 results1 z report$ 9 a bullet9 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 indicat$ t nuts :5 !y made up a sub/antial portion ( ! diet1 7 well dige/$ by ^? :o ate !m & gave no inte/9al di/urbance or discom=t4 ,nuts h _h a reputation = indige/ibility t 0 wide spread1 n only among p 9 g5]al1 b also among physicians & dieticians1 & ev5 ,pr( ,jaffa's cle> cut exp]im5ts fail$ to dispell ?is idea ( indige/ibility t _h be5 empirically assign$ to nuts4 ,a few ye>s ago1 a r ext5sive s]ies ( dige/ion exp]im5ts 7 inaugurat$ at ,yale ,univ]sity 9 an ef=t to settle ?is "q ( ! indige/ibility ( nuts & also to te/ out "s ( ! comm]cial nut products to f9d :at effect roa/+1 boil+1 & o!r processes t nuts are subject$ to1 _h to d ) ! dige/ibility4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr ,kellogg ( ,battle ,creek1 x 0 possible to foll[ up ^! exp]im5ts ) a s]ies "h at ,battle ,creek4 ,x is ! result ( ^! te/s t ,i wi% to speak ( today4 ,"o ^w reg>d+ ! me?od :i* is ! conv5tional "o = su* exp]im5ts4 ,! am\nt ( food eat5 by ! individual or animal is weigh$ at ea* meal & ! composition det]m9$ by *emical analysis4 ,! inte/9al output is collect$1 weigh$ & analys$4 ,f ! diff]5ce 9 any sub/ance su* z prote9 9 ! food & ! prote9 :i* appe>s 9 ! body refuse1 ! am\nt dige/$ & absorb$ or utiliz$ by ! body is easily det]m9$4 ,= example2 if #aj;gms4 ( nitrog5 7 eat5 9 ! food & "o gm appe>s 9 ! feces1 we say t ! coeffici5t ( dige/ibility ( t nitrog5 is #ij1 t is #i ( ! #aj gms4 eat5 7 absorb$ by ! body4 ,! av]age ( a great _m su* te/s on mix$ diets has ! foll[+ /&>d coeffici5t3 prote9 #ic1 fat #ie1 & c>bohydrates #ih4 ,our dige/ion exp]im5ts %[ ! foll[+ results3 = prote9 dige/ion ( nuts1 almond #hi1 peanut #hd1 p9e nut #hi1 ,eng4 walnut1 #hc1 ,brazil #hh1 & coconut #hh4 ,9 all cases ! c>bohydrate coeffici5ts are #ih or #ii1 & 9 ! case ( ! c>bohydrate ri* *e/nut1 normal dige/ion took place aft] ! nut 0 heat$ s z to rupture ! />* granules4 ,9 all ( ^! cases ! nut made up a sub/antial "p ( ea* meal & 0 eat5 9 l>ge am\nts4 ,! exp]im5tal subject1 exp]i5c$ no dige/ive tr\bles or discom=ture :atsoev] except 9 ! case ( ! ,engli% walnut1 :i* evid5tly conta9s "s irritat+ sub/ance t causes di>rhea4 ,except = ! pecan :i* gave r l[ utilization1 ! prote9 ( nuts 0 dige/$ to a high degree t comp>es mo/ favorably ) our ord9>y food/uffs4 ,h[ !n expla9 ! und\bt$ discom=ture t _m p exp]i5ce aft] eat+ nuts8 ,i believe t ! explanation re/s on ! fact t our common ,am]ican way ( eat+ nuts1 is n ! rational way4 ,we w\ld n consid] topp+ (f a heavy meal ) eggs1 meats or c]eals or to eat ^! 9 l>ge quantities betwe5 meals realiz+ t we are expos+ ourselves to possible dige/ive discom=t4 ,no m !n1 c we expect to s eat nuts :i* are ev5 m conc5trat$ or heavy ?an meat or eggs )\t occasional discom=t4 ,unpleasant results f s eat+ does n condemn ! nuts z indige/ible1 r x condemns our mode ( us+ t nut4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ recognize t ! nut is a h>d1 compact sub/ance & t unless completely ma/icat$1 is n readily p5etrat$ by ! dige/ive juices ( ! alim5t>y canal4 ,?is 0 v well br\ght out 9 our exp]im5t ) dogs4 ,! dog bolts 8 food & :]e !re 7 l>ge fragm5ts ( ! nut 9 ! food1 !y appe>$ almo/ un*ang$ 9 ! feces1 :ile if ! nut is gr\nd f9e be=e fe$+1 x 0 readily dige/$4 ,comp>isons ( nut butt]s & nut pa/es ) ! :ole nut also br\ght out ?is po9t4 ,! completely commut$ nut butt]s %[$ consi/5tly high] degrees ( dige/ion ?an ! :ole nut4 ,) ! exception ( ! />* ri* *e/nut1 ! heat+ ( ! nut did n seem to effect ! dige/ibility :e!r ?is heat 0 boil+1 /eam+ or roa/+4 ,! raw nut app>5tly is z well dige/$ z ! heat$ products4 ,no diff]5ces 7 f\nd betwe5 nut butt]s :e!r ! process involv$ /eam+ or roa/+ ( ! nut4 ,i am n speak+ ( ! enhanc+ ( ! flavor t heat+ may br+ ab\t1 b only ( ! dige/ibility4 ,dr4 ,longwor?y & 8 co-work]s 9 ! ,dept4 ( ,agriculture h inve/igat$ 9 rec5t ye>s ! dige/ibility ( _m vegetable oils1 among !m nut oils1 & h f\nd z high a p]c5t ( utilization ) ^! z ) butt] & our o!r common animal food fats4 ,i believe t we are fully ju/ifi$ 9 ! conclusion t nuts & nut products1 if rationally us$ 9 our diets1 are z dige/ible & fully z valuable f a nutritional po9t ( view z our o!r food/uffs4 ,:ile we c n[ def9itely speak ( ! high dige/ibility ( nuts1 x is necess>y to consid] o!r phases ( ! "p play$ by foods 9 nutrition4 ,! fact t a food aft] be+ tak5 into ! body c be brok5 up by ! dige/ive juices ( ! alim5t>y tract1 & ! products absorb$1 z we h f\nd1 to be ! case ) ! nuts1 is n ! end ( ! /ory ( ! function ( t food4 ,ab\t fifte5 ye>s ago1 x 0 discov]$ t dur+ ! progress ( dige/ion1 ! prote9 mat]ials are r$uc$ by ! dige/ive juices ( our /oma*s & inte/9es to small] *emical comp\nds1 & t x is ^! small] fragm5ts ( ! prote9 molecule t are absorb$ into ! blood & are us$ to build up our muscles & tissues4 ,^! fragm5ts or build+ /ones z !y h be5 fancifully call$1 are all ( a di/ant class ( *emical comp\nds kn[n to *emi/s z am9o acids4 ,eighte5 ( ^! acids h be5 f\nd z ! products ( prote9 dige/ion4 ,we may conceive ( our bodies z be+ cont9ually suppli$ ) a mass ( ^! #ah build+ /ones f :i* x selects ! k9d & numb] t x ne$s to repair ! ev]yday we> & te> ( ! tissues & 9 ! case ( ! gr[+ *ild builds new /ructures4 ,s9ce ! date ( ?is important discov]y reg>d+ ! fate ( indige/$ prote91 x has be5 f\nd t ) few exceptions1 ! body is n able to manufacture ^! am9o acids or to *ange "o k9d into ano!r1 & mu/ dep5d on ! prote9 eat51 = a supply ( ! v>i\s k9ds t g to make up ! body prote94 ,fur!r x has be5 f\nd1 t _m ( our commonly us$ food prote9s d n conta9 all #ah ( ^! am9o acids compon5ts4 ,9 "s foods "o1 two1 & sometimes m are lack+1 or if pres5t are 9 v small am\nts4 ,if our diet conta9$ only prote9s ( an inf]ior grade1 we c picture our body requir+ build+ /ones ( v>i\s k9ds to ma9ta9 ! /ructure ( ! body & unable to obta9 !m due to ! poor quality ( ! food1 prote94 ,nutritional failure w\ld be ! result4 ,! prote9s !n mu/ be ( ! "r quality z well z pres5t 9 ! prop] quantities1 to prev5t mal-nutrition4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! facts1 x is necess>y 9 /udy+ a food su* z our nuts1 to det]m9e ! k9d ( prote9 ! individual nut conta9s z well z to "k :e!r or n x c be dige/$ by ! body4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s1 x has be5 f\nd t we mu/ h 9 our foods a c]ta9 am\nt ( sub/ances ^: *emical nature is at pres5t unkn[n & to :i* ! "n ( vitam9es has be5 giv54 ,x is n my purpose to discuss ) y ! _m phases ( vitam9es & _! relation to nutrition1 b ,i only wi% to impress ^u y ! fact t x is ( ! utmo/ importance = a diet>y to conta9 ^! sub/ances2 fully z important z t ! prote91 fat1 c>bohydrate1 & inorganic salt cont5t %all be satisfactory4 ,lack ( ^! vitam9es br+s on v>i\s evid5ces ( mal-nutrition4 ,"o vitam9e :i* is f\nd 9 animal fats & ! leaves ( plants & is soluble 91 & associat$ ) fats1 is1 = t reason1 call$ fat soluble vitam9e4 ,ano!r call$ ! wat] soluble vitam9e is widely di/ribut$ 9 c]eal se$s1 vegetables1 & legumes4 ,! ?ird1 ! s-call$ antiscorbutic vitam9e because ( its action z prev5tative & cure = scurvy1 is f\nd 9 c]ta9 fruits & vegetables4 ,we !n ask ! next "q3 ,are nuts adequate z f> z _! prote9s conta9 ^! ess5tial am9o acids1 & d nuts conta9 vitam9es8 ,t is1 is _! biological value z satisfactory z _! dige/ibility8 ,dr4 ,hoobl] ( ,detroit1 9 a /udy ( ! diets ( lactat+ mo!rs & wet nurses1 a ye> or s ago1 comp>$ ! value ( prote9s f animal & vegetable s\rces = ! elaboration ( milk4 ,he f\nd t a mixture ( ! almond1 ,engli% walnut1 peanut & pecan1 furni%$ prote9s t 7 equal to ! animal food tri$1 & f> sup]ior to o!r vegetable prote9s4 ,"h !n is evid5ce t nuts provide ! necess>y build+ /ones to =m milk t food p> excell5ce = ! newly born individual4 ,drs4 ,m5del & ,osborn1 exp]im5t+ on :ite rats h %[n t ! pr9ciple prote9s ( ! ,brazil nut w ma9ta9 animals ?r\gh ! gr[+ p]iod4 ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry work]s & o!rs h f\nd simil> results ) ! coconut & ! peanut4 ,i h n[1 exp]im5ts und]way at ,new ,hav51 on ! biological value ( ! filb]t1 ,engli% walnut1 p9e nut1 almond1 & pecan4 ,:ile ^! te/s are yet incomplet$1 x c at lea/ be said t to date !re is no evid5ce t ! prote9s ( ^! nuts are 9 any way less satisfactory ?an ^? ( ! peanut or ,brazil nut t h be5 ?or\ghly te/$ out4 ,z to ! vitam9e cont5t1 abundant quantities ( wat] soluble vitam9e h be5 f\nd 9 ! peanut & ! coconut4 ,exp]im5ts t we h 9 progress z well z a s]ies conduct$ "h at ,battle ,creek "u ,dr4 ,kellogg's direction give promise to increase ?is li/ ( vitam9e conta9+ nuts to include at lea/ _m ( our common nuts4 ,along ) our vegetable oils 9 g5]al1 coconut oil & peanut oil conta9 insuffici5t quantities ( ! fat soluble vitam9e to ma9ta9 gr[? 9 "y animals4 ,:e!r ! o!r nut oils w prove m efficaci\s 9 ?is respect1 is n[ "u inve/igation4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! antiscorbutic prop]ties ( nuts h n be5 /udi$4 ,) ! population ( ! _w on a /eady increase1 x cont9ually becomes necess>y = mank9d to seek out new s\rces ( food1 & utilize products t =m]ly _h receiv$ little att5tion z possible foods4 ,conditions t di/urb normal food production & di/ribution1 su* = example z 7 br\ght ab\t by ! _w w>1 produce s]i\s food %ortages 9 ! _w1 & emphasize h[ close is ! m>g9 t det]m9es :e!r ! peoples ( ! _w h adequate quantities ( food or :e!r !y are fac$ by %ortages1 &1 9 _m cases1 by />vation4 ,9 ?is cont9ual developm5t ( our food res\rces1 nuts /& out prom95tly z (f]+ possibilities :i* are v great4 ,n only d !y repres5t a v conc5trat$ =m ( food :i* is highly dige/ible1 b !y possess a numb] ( *>act]i/ic & highly pleas+ flavors t recomm5ds !m = use 9 all mann] ( cul9>y proc$ures4 ,! v>iety ( uses to :i* nuts c be put 9 ! kit*5 is amply demon/rat$ "r "h 9 ,dr4 ,kellogg's sanit>ium & ,i feel sure t ev5 he has n exhau/$ ! possibilities ( nuts 9 ! diet>y4 ,! =ms ( nut products on ! m>ket are /eadily increas+4 ,! nut butt]s1 nut pa/es1 nut m>g>9es1 meat sub/itutes1 & s =?1 all po9t to ! v>iety ( ways t nuts c be h&l$ z foods4 ,! trem5d\s increase 9 ! use ( nut oils 9 ! =m ( ! oil itself & z nut m>g>9es )9 ! la/ few ye>s is a /rik+ example ( ! utilization on a l>ge scale ( relatively new food products4 ,! press cake :i* rema9s z a by-product ( ?is oil indu/ry f9ds ready use z conc5trates = cattle fe$s4 ,_m ( our ideas 9 ! fe$+ ( our dome/ic animals are und]go+ developm5t along ) ! idea ( human nutrition4 ,j rec5tly1 inve/igators at ! ,wiscons9 ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 report$ t ! well kn[n home gr[n ration = dairy c[s t consi/ ( c]eals1 silage & hay1 is n a l>ge milk produc+ diet4 ,_! recomm5dation is to supplem5t ?is ration ) prote9 conc5trates4 ,nut meals recomm5d !mselves mo/ highly z prote9 conc5trates4 ,x c]ta9ly is safe to say t ! day :5 ! fruits ( our nut be>+ trees w be all[$ to fall unga!r$ f ! trees1 is at an end4 ,!re are _m problems t /ill call = an answ] by ! *emi/ & dietitian4 ,! nutritive value ( ! individual nuts %\ld be firmly e/abli%$ 9 all its phases4 ,! causes t h made ! use ( c]ta9 nuts unpr(itable comm]cially1 %\ld be /udi$ ) ! view ( correct+ ^! /umbl+ blocks4 ,= example1 ! free+ ( ! horse-*e/nut f its poison\s sapon9s & enable u to use ?is />* ri* nut z food is well )9 ! range ( possibility z indicat$ by exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ,au/ria dur+ ! w>4 ,:y d nut oils t5d to become rancid easily & c ?is t5d5cy be rem$i$8 ,is ! free+ ( ! acorn & its tann9 & o!r objectionable sub/ances a practical consid]ation8 ,:at is ! irritat+ pr9ciple ( ! ,engli% walnut8 ,all ^! problems & _m o!rs wait solution4 ,rese>* on nuts is 9 progress 9 _m places4 ,x involves "t consum+ exp]im5ts t are (t5 times exp5sive4 ,z a result1 progress is sl[1 ! am\nt ( rese>* be+ limit$ by ! f9ancial factor4 ,! value ( ! pecan nut crop alone ( ! ye> #aiah1 0 ov] #ia million doll>s & ! value ( ! imports & exports ( nuts & nut products dur+ ! same ye> am\nt$ to ov] #ea million doll>s4 ,if "o "o-hundr$? ( "o p] c5t ( ?is sum %\ld be devot$ by ^? int]e/$ 9 ! developm5t ( our nut indu/ry 9 ?is c\ntry = ! /udy ( ! nutritional & *emical prop]ties ( nuts1 ,i feel sure t !y w\ld be amply repaid = _! inve/m5t4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ?is w complete our program = tonight4 ,we h q a full program = tomorr[ morn+4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 nut culturi/ ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is ) u & 0 to h be5 on ! program tonight1 b he has be5 busy all day & 0 h>dly ready = tonight's program1 z he has be5 busy gett+ ! exhibit 9 ord]1 & he w be on ! program tomorr[ morn+1 & ?ree or f\r o!rs1 among !m ,dr ,kellogg1 ,i believe1 s t !re w be q a full morn+'s program1 & we w be glad to h all ( y come :o c4 ,we meet 9 ! p>lor ( ! ,annex at t5 o'clock tomorr[ morn+4 ,if any "o desires to jo9 ! ,association & w speak to ! secret>y1 he w give y[ ! necess>y in=mation4 ,,end ,,( ,,tuesday ,,ev5+ ,,session 99 99 99 99 99 ,,w$nesday1 ,,decemb] #aj1 #aiai1 #aj3jj ,a4,m4 ,,presid5t ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$ ,,9 ,,! ,,*air ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,o4 ,c4 ,simonds ( ,*icago w talk to y on ,nut ,trees 9 ,l&scape "w4 ,,nut ,,trees ,,& ,,bu%es ,,9 ,,l&scape ,,"w ,o4 ,c4 ,,simonds1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois ,9 consid]+ mat]ial = l&scape "w ! places t come to m9d :]e su* "w w\ld be requir$ are home gr\nds1 highways1 p>ks1 cemet]ies1 s*ool gr\nds1 city squ>es & woods4 ,! highways w\ld include city /reets1 p>kways1 usually call$ b\lev>ds1 & c\ntry roads4 ,all trees are beautiful & %\ld s]ve 9 "s place 9 l&scape "w4 ,"sare m beautiful ?an o!rs & :]e b few trees c be us$ ! m beautiful w\ld naturally be *os54 ,,black ,,walnuts ,n long ago1 a lawy] 0 talk+ to me ab\t ! beauty ( black walnuts4 ,to 8 m9d !re is no tree m beautiful & f :at he said1 he w\ld use x almo/ to ! exclusion ( o!r trees4 ,my own judgm5t does n fully co9cide ) 8 al?\gh ,i consid] a black walnut a v attractive tree4 ,x gr[s to a l>ge size & is g5]ally heal?y4 ,its %ape is good & ! foliage attractive 9 summ]4 ,! leaves drop e>ly & !y are n especially attractive 9 autumn color+4 ,black walnuts are /rong 9 appe>ance4 ,!y lack ! gracefulness ( ! elm & if ,i 7 mak+ a li/ ( trees 9 ! ord] ( _! appe>ance1 plac+ ! mo/ beautiful fir/ & ! lea/ attractive la/1 ,i %\ld place sev]al trees ahead ( ! black walnut1 among !m sug> maples1 elms & sev]al ( ! oaks4 ,p]haps ! black walnut w\ld come ab\t 9 ! c5t] ( ! li/ = mo/ locations4 ,! li/ itself w\ld v>y = diff]5t situations & climates4 ,i %\ld advise us+ black walnuts pl5tifully along ! highways1 especially c\ntry roads1 & some:at sp>+ly 9 home gr\nds & ! o!r locations :i* ,i h nam$4 ,by pl5tifully1 ,i d n mean to ! exclusion ( o!r trees1 =1 9 "s places1 !re %\ld be m elms & maples ?an black walnuts1 b highways are s ext5sive t _m k9ds ( trees c\ld be us$ 9 abundance to give %ade4 ,9 woods !re are places :]e black walnuts c\ld be us$ 9 pr(usion4 ,! objections t "o might raise to ! use ( black walnuts w\ld be1 fir/1 ! comp>atively %ort season ( ! leaves4 ,^! come out r late 9 ! spr+ & drop e>ly1 probably ^! trees c n be improv$ v mu* 9 ?is respect4 ,second1 boys w sometimes ?r[ /icks at ! trees to br+ d[n ! nuts4 ,if a boy comes 9 home gr\nds to d ?is1 he w be consid]$ a nuisance4 ,bran*es are sometimes brok5 & ! trees disfigur$ f ?is cause4 ,along highways ?is objection might p]haps be less5$ some:at by plant+ en\gh trees s t !re w\ld be m nuts ?an ! boy w\ld want1 or by improv+ ! mann] ( ! boy4 ,?ird1 ! trees are (t5 attack$ by cat]pill>s4 ,?is objection c usually be obviat$ by spray+ or de/roy+ ! pe/s 9 o!r ways4 ,,butt]nuts ,! rem>ks made ab\t ! black walnut w\ld apply 9 _m ways to ! butt]nut1 its ne>e/ relative4 ,butt]nuts h a range ext5d+ fur!r nor? & !y are m subject to disease ?an ! black walnuts4 ,l ! walnut1 _! leaves come out late & drop e>ly4 ,!y are subject to ! attacks ( boys4 ,:5 heal?y1 !y are attractive 9 appe>ance & !y des]ve to be plant$ 9 mo/ places :]e trees are us$ = l&scape effect1 b 9 ! li/ ,i sugge/$1 !y w\ld come bel[ ! black walnut4 ,,hickories ,!re is a "t ( ! ye> :5 ! %agb>k1 :i* produces su* sweet nuts1 w\ld be m attractive ?an any neighbor+ tree4 ,x is :5 ! big buds swell & s5d out yell[i% gre5 leaves surr\nd$ by l>ge1 r$ bracts4 ,at ?is "t !y are z %[y & z beautiful z any fl[]s4 ,! bracts soon fall1 b ! leaves turn a ri* gre5 & are attractive until e>ly fall1 :5 !y are sometimes yell[1 & sometimes drop )\t any m>k$ color+4 ,! trunk ( ! hickory is unique 9 appe>ance z ! b>k sep>ates f ! tree 9 long platelike /rips :i* hang on at "o end & give ! scraggly appe>ance f :i* ! tree d]ives its "n4 ,all ( ! hickories are attractive 9 appe>ance1 b "s ( !m drop _! leaves e>ly4 ,! hickories are difficult to transplant b ?is is no?+ aga9/ ! beauty ( ! tree4 ,an e/abli%$ tree is m valuable on ?is acc\nt4 ,9 "s places hickories are q subject to disease or to ! attacks ( bor]s4 ,l ! walnuts1 hickories :i* produce edible nuts are subject to ! attacks ( boys1 b1 on acc\nt ( ! t\ghness ( ! wood & ! r\ghness ( ! b>k1 !y are usually q able to )/& ^! attacks4 ,hickories are suitable = use 9 all l&scape "w s f> z _! appe>ance is conc]n$4 ,! fact t !y are n s us$ is due to ! difficulty ( transplant+ !m4 ,9 ! fall :5 a maple tree has color$ up beautifully & a hickory ne> x has dropp$ its leaves1 we are apt to comp>e ! two unfavorably to ! latt]1 b we %\ld rememb] ! appe>ance 9 summ] & especially :5 ! leaves fir/ unfold4 ,hickory trees are beautiful also :5 ! leaves are (f1 _! bran*es mak+ beautiful et*+s aga9/ ! sky 9 w9t]4 ,! pecan1 :i* is ! l>ge/ ( all hickories1 is an exception to ! g5]al rule because x is plant$ q ext5sively1 especially 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x is a beautiful tree & :]e x is h>dy !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be us$ z a /reet tree1 a tree 9 home gr\nds1 9 p>ks1 or any o!r place :]e decidu\s trees are ne$$4 ,x is rais$ ext5sively 9 "s nurs]ies1 :ile ! o!r hickories are rais$ v sp>+ly1 & "s n at all4 ,,! ,,bee* ,"s w\ld consid] ! bee* ! mo/ beautiful ( all nut trees4 ,its comp>atively smoo?1 blui%-gray b>k makes x a di/9ctive tree at all seasons4 ,its bran*es1 spread+ /raight out f ! trunk1 give x an appe>ance ( /r5g?4 ,its f9e bran*es =m a specially pleas+ skyl9e1 its %>p buds are trim & neat 9 appe>ance1 its leaves are beautiful 9 %ape & texture4 ,_! fall color+1 :ile n z brilliant z t ( ! maples1 is really beautiful1 be+ ei!r yell[ or a ri* br[n4 ,! leaves are apt to hang on all w9t]1 especially on ! y\ng] gr[?1 & !n !y (t5 turn a /raw color4 ,if a li/ ( beautiful trees = ,febru>y 7 to be made1 ,i am r incl9$ to ?9k t ! bee* w\ld /& at ! head ( ! li/4 ,a "y bee* ) its blui%-gray b>k1 its /raw color$ leaves1 & flecks ( sn[ "h & !re1 seems to me ! mo/ beautiful ( all decidu\s trees 9 w9t]4 ,! "y leaves also are especially attractive :5 !y fir/ appe> & ! blossoms are sometimes objects ( int]e/1 al?\gh n %[y 9 color4 ,,hazelnuts ,(t5 9 old pa/ures "o f9ds =lorn1 scraggly look+ bu%es & is told !y are hazelnut bu%es4 ,"o w\ld n pick out bu%es l ^! to plant 9 8 front y>d1 & yet1 :5 giv5 a *ance1 !re is sc>cely a m attractive %rub ?an ! hazel4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ %rubs to blossom1 ! /am9ate fl[]s hang+ 9 sl5d]1 graceful yell[i%-br[n catk9s1 :ile ! pi/illate fl[]s are little po9ts ( purpli%-r$ protrud+ f ! buds4 ,^! blossoms appe> long be=e ! leaves4 ,! latt]1 :5 fully develop$1 are beautiful 9 outl9e & s(t 9 texture & !y h a ri* color+ 9 ! fall includ+ v>i\s %ades ( yell[ & r$4 ,! hazel %\ld c]ta9ly be us$ ext5sively 9 l&scape "w4 ,! nuts1 ) _! leaflike involucres1 are attractive 9 appe>ance 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,9 connection ) our own hazel "o w\ld naturally ?9k ( ! filb]t1 :i* is a ,european relative4 ,! filb]t is (t5 plant$ = ornam5t4 ,!re is a v>iety ) purple leaves :i* "s p admire4 ,,! ,,oaks ,( all our native trees1 ,i ?9k ! oak excels 9 beauty ( foliage4 ,by _m oaks might n be consid]$ nut trees1 b ne>ly all ( ! acorns are eat5 by squirrels or o!r wild animals & s ,i ?9k x w\ld be prop] to m5tion oaks :5 speak+ ( nut trees 9 ! l&scape4 ,9 ! nor!rn /ates we h two gr\ps kn[n z ! :ite oak gr\p & ! r$ oak gr\p4 ,! trees ( ! =m] h s(t1 dull gre5 leaves ) r\nd$ lobes1 :ile ^? ( ! latt] h %9y leaves ) lobes end+ 9 po9ts ( filam5ts4 ,! =m] mature _! acorns 9 "o ye>1 :ile ! latt] require two ye>s to br+ !m to maturity4 ,! acorns ( ! :ite gr\p are sweet1 :ile ^? ( ! r$ gr\p are m or less bitt]4 ,! foliage ( all oaks is attractive :5 x fir/ appe>s1 ! small leaves v>y+ 9 color f almo/ :ite ?r\gh p9k1 yell[1 & r$ to ! deepe/ purple4 ,p]haps ! r$ oak excels all o!r trees 9 ! beauty ( its summ] foliage & its leaves are also ri*ly color$ 9 autumn4 ,! ,bur ,oak1 9 addition to hav+ attractive foliage1 has a r\gh1 d>k b>k t gives x an attractive appe>ance 9 w9t]4 ,! :ite oak1 especially :5 "y1 holds _m ( its leaves 9 spr+ & ^! ) _! br[n color1 give a w>m? to ! sn[y l&scape4 ,"o c\ld make a mo/ beautiful p>k by plant+ no?+ b oaks & !y %\ld rank ) maples & elms z /reet trees4 ,,*e/nuts ,!re is a tree :i* a few ye>s ago w\ld h be5 consid]$ along ) ! oak 9 l&scape "w1 b :i* n[ w\ld n be ?\ght ( 9 c]ta9 regions on acc\nt ( a disease :i* has practically de/roy$ x4 ,?is tree is ! ,am]ican *e/nut4 ,x gr[s to a l>ge size1 & if x 7 n = ?is disease1 w\ld be wor?y ( a place 9 any p>k4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s h be5 sp5t )\t success 9 endeavor+ to ext]m9ate ! disease4 ,"s ( ! introduc$ v>ieties are app>5tly exempt f ?is disease1 b only ! future c tell :e!r ! *e/nut w aga9 become valuable 9 l&scape "w z well z 9 ! rais+ ( food & lumb]4 ,9 design+ l&scapes1 we ?9k fir/ ( op5 spaces & !n b\nd ^! spaces ) trees & %rubs hav+ pleas+ %apes & foliage4 ,! tops ( ^! trees =m ! skyl9e & ! l[] gr[? a m>g9 ( lawns1 or p]haps ( walks & drives4 ,= ^! purposes ! bee*es1 hickories1 hazels1 walnuts & butt]nuts are all valuable1 _! value be+ approximately 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,,horse ,,*e/nuts ,,& ,,buckeyes ,!re may be "s "q ab\t includ+ ^! 9 a li/ ( nut trees4 ,i und]/&1 h[ev]1 t ! se$s ( all ( ^! trees h be5 us$ = fe$+ /ock & p]haps "s way may be f\nd = mak+ !m available z food = m5 & wom54 ,!re is no "q ab\t _! usefulness = ornam5tal trees4 ,9 ,europe1 ! horse *e/nut has be5 us$ ext5sively = p>k & b\lev>d plant+ & x is also l>gely us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties4 ,! leaves appe> e>ly1 ! blossoms com+ out lat]4 ,our own buckeyes are h&some 9 appe>ance & all are adapt$ = use 9 l&scape "w4 ,! argum5ts = & aga9/ ! use ( nut trees 9 l&scape "w w\ld be some:at simil> to su* argum5ts reg>d+ fruit trees4 ,a lusci\s fruit tree l ! sn[ apple1 w\ld be omitt$ f ! li/ ( trees = ! p>k1 n because x lacks beauty1 b because its fruit w\ld lead to its de/ruction4 ,apple trees might1 h[ev]1 be v appropriate = private gr\nds4 ,!y h sometimes giv5 a "n to a home1 z ,! ,or*>d4 ,! same is true ( c]ta9 nut trees1 ,walnut ,hill1 & ,hickory ,grove be+ n uncommon4 ,! hazel1 too1 is frequ5tly us$ 9 nam+ home gr\nds1 /reets or localities4 ,a "n w\ld n be us$ 9 ?is way unless ! object be>+ x 0 held 9 e/eem4 ,i am glad !re is an association to enc\rage ! rais+ ( nut trees & ,i hope to see su* trees us$ 9 ?is way ext5sively1 = ! purpose ( develop+ attractive sc5]y z well z = food production4 ,,mr ,,simonds3 ,:5 ,mr4 ,bixby ask$ me to prep>e a pap] & come "h & read x1 ,i wrote back ,i w\ld prep>e a pap] & s5d to him to read2 & aft]w>ds ,mr4 ,re$ came to see me1 & kn[+ t he w\ld be "h1 ,i conclud$ ,i w\ld come4 ,i dictat$ a pap] & aft]w>ds ,i f\nd ,i _h left out a few nut trees1 & ,i want to speak j a ^w reg>d+ ^? be=e ,i read my pap]4 ,"o ( ^? is ! coconut palm4 ,i 0 ?9k+ m p>ticul>ly ( trees 9 ?is locality :5 ,i dictat$ ! pap]2 b ! coconut tree aside f rais+ ! coconuts1 ,i ?9k is ! mo/ magnific5t palm t we h4 ,!re are o!r trees t "s l bett]1 b ,i ?9k ! coconut palm is ! mo/ picturesque1 ! f9e/ tree to plant4 ,i pref] x to ! o!r l>ge palms4 ,x has great spread+ leaves1 sometimes fifte5 or tw5ty feet long1 a fea!ry top1 & ! trunk is n q /raight1 & ,i l x a little bett] because x is n4 ,!n "h is ! ,engli% walnut4 ,i did n speak 9 my pap] ab\t ! ,engli% walnut1 b !re is a tree t is a beautiful tree1 & :]e x is h>dy x %\ld ( c\rse be plant$ = ornam5t z well z = ! nuts4 ,& !n !re is ! almond :i* we d n h "h z a nut tree1 b :i* !y h 9 ,cali=nia1 :i* has "s attractions1 & might be plant$1 al?\gh x is really n s ornam5tal z "s ( ! nut trees2 /ill x is wor? plant+4 7,applause74 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,are !re any que/ions y w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,simonds :ile he is ) u1 or is !re any discussion8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re are two or ?ree po9ts = discussion4 ,mr4 ,simonds does n ?9k highly ( ! almond4 ,i d = decorative purposes4 ,:5 ,i drive 9 my driveway at ,/am=d & face t magnific5t blaze ( blaz+ cl\ds ( almonds 9 ! spr+time1 ,i ?9k x is some?+ wor? :ile2 x is ! h>d %ell$ almond4 ,x w gr[ z f> nor? z ! pea* does4 ,! only tr\ble is !y are a little m subject to leaf blight & ne$ a little m att5tion4 ,b :]e ! pea* w gr[ y c raise ! almond pr(itably4 ,among ! hazel nuts ! mo/ beautiful ( ! entire s]ies is ! tree hazel t gr[s ab\t z l>ge z ! small] oaks1 & t is said to be> tw5ty-five or ?irty bu%els ( hazelnuts a ye>1--enorm\s crops4 ,t is p]fectly h>dy "h1 & ! beauty ( ! tree is su* t ,i believe x to be a v important addition4 ,i w\ld l to he> ,mr4 ,jones' op9ion on t po9t4 ,i use x = graft+ purposes = o!r hazels4 ,! ,japanese walnuts1 almo/ tropical 9 _! rapid gr[?1 sometimes gr[ six feet 9 a ye> 9 ri* gr\nd1 & ) _! great sprays ( leaves sometimes a y>d 9 l5g?1 & ! se$balls ( ! he>t nut v>iety give really a tropical appe>ance to ! gr\nds :]e ! gr\nd is ri* en\gh4 ,!y w gr[ almo/ any place1 b 9 ri* gr\nd !y are c]ta9ly v wond]ful4 ,among ! *e/nuts1 ( c\rse1 we h a numb] ( hybrids n[ t resi/ blight v well2 & ! little *9kap9s = lawn bu%es are v attractive4 ,"o ( our mo/ beautiful *e/nuts is spl5did = a lawn specim5 & is ev]gre5 9 ! ,s\?4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ,i nev] _h plums en\gh2 s "o ( my ambitions 0 to h plums en\gh s ,i c\ld see "s ( !m rot on ! gr\nd4 ,we c d ! same ?+ ) nut trees--h nuts en\gh s ! boys w be full & h nuts en\gh4 ,x seems to me x ought to be "o ( our ambitions to h s _m nut trees along ! roadsides 9 ! p>ks1 etc41 t ! boys & ! squirrels c n use !m all up4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,i ?9k ! ,doctor is "r 9 "s ( 8 criticisms4 ,9 fact1 ! almond is some?+ l a pea*1 & ,i _h n priz$ x = use 9 l&scape "w s v mu* on acc\nt ( c]ta9 diseases :i* w\ld be apt to affect x "h if x 7 n tak5 c>e ( z we w\ld take c>e ( trees 9 an or*>d4 ,! hazel tree1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be attractive if x is h>dy "h4 ,i h _h d\bts ab\t its be+ h>dy because ( its com+ f s\!rn ,europe4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x is h>dy 9 all ,canada4 ,!y h f9e tree hazels 9 ! p>k at ,ro*e/]4 ,!y h !re probably ! l>ge/ tree hazels 9 ! c\ntry4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to h m que/ions ask$4 ,i feel z ?\gh ,i _h accompli%$ a real a*ievem5t 9 gett+ ,mr4 ,simonds "h4 ,i 0 "u him a %ort "t a numb] ( ye>s ago & le>n$ some?+ ( 8 skill z a l&scape g>d5] & ! reputation t he has2 & ,i felt t we c\ld n hope to h a bett] au?ority on ^! po9ts t he has discuss$ ?an we c\ld 9 ,mr4 ,simonds2 & x is some?+ t is con/antly com+ up4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture h to consid] t p want to "k :at trees !y c plant 9 ! l&scape2 & ,i feel p>ticul>ly glad to h ,mr4 ,simonds "h4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x seems to me we ought to talk m ab\t ! nut-be>+ p9es 9 ! l&scape1 because :]e y are plant+ p9e trees1 y might z well plant ! nut-be>+ k9d z ! o!rs2 !y are j z beautiful1 & y comb9e ! ,greek idea ( beauty & utility4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,c]ta9ly1 t is a tree ,i h omitt$1 because 9 ?is region we h n _h any nuts4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re are f\r p9es t w be> nuts "h--! ,korean p9e1 ! pignolia or /one p9e1 ! ,italian /one p9e & ! ,swiss bo?4 ,!re are five nut be>+ p9e trees t are all m>ket trees = nuts1 t ,i "k w gr[ & be> "h1 includ+ ! lace b>k p9e4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,are !y rais+ nuts 9 ,mi*igan on p9es8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,no1 b !y might4 ,^? five k9ds w\ld gr[ "h & be> nuts "h1 s !y h a d\ble value4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,i ?9k we ought to raise !m4 ,( c\rse !y are beautiful 9 ! l&scape4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! :ole idea ( y\r pap] is to approa* ! ,greek ideal--add utility to beauty4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,t is :at nature does4 ,x makes beautiful leaves1 !n uses ! leaves = plant food4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i wond]1 ,dr4 ,morris1 if y c tell :]e ^! p9es c be _h4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! ,korean p9e is f nor!a/ ,asia1 & y c get ^? f ! orig9al p9e se$2 ! lace b>k p9e is f nor!a/]n ,asia :]e ! climate is l ours4 ,! ,swiss /one p9e & ! ,italian /one p9e are f ,switz]l& & ,italy & closely relat$--bo? excell5t trees4 ,! fruit n[ y buy z ! pignolia 9 ! m>kets4 ,bo? ^? are sold z pignolia nuts4 ,x is a comm]cial nut ( ,europe4 ,! :ite b>k$ p9e y w\ld get f ! ,we/4 ,x has a beautiful f9e l>ge nut1 & y w\ld get t f any ,pacific coa/ deal]s 9 nut trees4 ,,mr4 ,,simmonds3 ,has t ano!r "n8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i d n "k ( any o!r "n = x4 ,wait3 ,! s+le leav$ p9e is "o4 ,t gr[s s f> nor? on ! ,pacific1 b we d n "k :e!r x w rip5 its nuts "h or n4 ,x is p]fectly h>dy "h & w\ld be a beautiful nut tree1 gr[s well4 ,! s+le-leav$ p9e--t is monophylla4 ,!re are f\r or five p9ons t w live1 b !y d n gr[ fa/ en\gh to make x wor? :ile to raise !m 9 ,mi*igan4 ,! ,jeffrey bull p9e is ano!r "o t w gr[ "h & be> fruit1 ) a beautiful blue-gre5 foliage4 ,! ,jeffrey bull p9e is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & ?rifty p9es4 ,t is ! ,jeffrey v>iety ( pond]osa4 ,! nut is v mu* l>g] ?an ! nut ( ! ord9>y pond]osa4 ,! nut ( ! pond]osa is small1 b ! ,indians use !m & eat !m1 %ell & all4 ,:5 we come to us+ ! p9es m freely = food purposes1 we are go+ to d :at !y d 9 ,europe ) "s ( ! small se$$ p9es--cru% !m & make a mass1 squeeze ! cream out f ! nuts1 dry x a little1 & t makes v f9e ri* cream2 !n ! residue is giv5 to ! *ick5s & pigs4 ,!re are 9 all ab\t ?irty p9e trees n[ t are us$ = m>ket purposes :]e !y fruit1 & we w und\bt$ly increase t numb]4 ,i d n d\bt t fifty species ( p9e trees w be plant$ = _! fruit by two g5]ations f n[ :5 we feel ! ne$ m4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we w be glad to h que/ions f any "o4 ,i ?9k we get m f ! discussions ?an we d f ! pap]s4 ,,voice3 ,9 reg>d to ! hickory nut1 ! %agb>k1 back 9 nor!a/]n ,ohio1 f\r ye>s ago we _h q s]i\s tr\ble ) our hickories !re along 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 ab\t ! "t we get ! common ,june bug1 !re 0 a l>ge bug t look$ l ! ,june bug t seem$ to "w at night mo/ly4 ,we did n see !m active 9 ! day "t1 b !y ate ! foliage entirely (f ! l[] bran*es & ^? limbs f :i* !y ate ! foliage di$4 ,9 "s cases1 ! tree di$4 ,i w\ld l to "k if anyone kn[s any?+ ab\t ^?4 ,t 0 new to me4 ,i h _h opportunity to answ] all sorts ( que/ions ab\t t4 ,i h be5 ask$ ,i guess by a ?\s& diff]5t p ab\t t insect1 & ,i h n be5 able to le>n any?+ ab\t x4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,i c n tell y4 ,,same ,,voice3 ,"o man told me :5 he knew ,i 0 com+ "h1 ,= goodness sakes f9d out some?+ ab\t t if y c4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x probably is ! ,june bug1 & turkeys & ducks w\ld solve ! problem4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,! only sugge/ion ,i w\ld make is t 9 ,ohio y h "o ( ! be/ po/$ au?orities on nut insects !re is 9 ! c\ntry4 ,t is ,pr(4 ,h4 ,a4 ,goss>d1 at ,woo/]4 ,if he c n tell y ab\t x1 no "o c4 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i ?9k x is no d\bt x is ! ord9>y ,may beetle t is do+ ! mis*ief4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i might say we _h q a deluge ( beetles along t l9e 9 ! nurs]y a ye> ago ?is la/ ,june1 ! fir/ "t we h ev] be5 bo!r$ ) !m4 ,!y f9ally became s ?ick we _h to g ?r\gh & %ake ! trees & %ake !m (f4 ,!y look$ some?+ l ! ,may beetle1 only small]1 h>d %ell$1 & seem$ to come by ! millions2 b !y only la/$ a few days1 & x 0 all ov]1 & we h nev] se5 !m s9ce4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,!re is "o m "q ,i w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,simonds1 & t is 9 reg>d to ! prop] di/ance = spac+ nut trees along av5ues & 9 p>ks4 ,,mr4 ,,simonds3 ,i ?9k t 9 bo? ( ^? situations x is well to give ! trees a natural appe>ance by gr\p+1 & sometimes !y c be f> ap>t1 & sometimes ,i ?9k !re might be a gr\p ( two or ?ree close toge!r1 s t !y w\ld gr[ 9 "o gr\p4 ,t w give a m natural arrangem5t 9 p>ks1 & we h room en\gh along ! sides ( mo/ ( our highways to h ! same effect !re4 ,! policy to be pursu$ ) reg>d to spac+ nut trees along highways w\ld be ! same t we w\ld foll[ 9 plant+ any o!r trees1 & "o ( ! mo/ attractive /reets ,i "k is n[ 9 ! city ( ,gr& ,rapids2 x us$ to be 9 ! c\ntry :5 ,i liv$ !re ye>s ago2 b along ! sides ( t /reet !re are native trees1 mo/ly burr oaks1 & !y h gr[n j z nature plant$ !m4 ,!re w be a gr\p ( two or ?ree1 !n a space1 may be a s+le tree1 !n !re may be a gr\p ( five or six2 & t natural arrangem5t is really beautiful1 to me f> m beautiful ?an a /raight r[ ( trees1 uni=m spac$4 ,on t same /reet sixty or sev5ty ye>s ago my uncle plant$ :]e !re 7 no trees--x is a cont9uation ( ?is /reet--r[s ( sug> maples1 & !y grew & f9ally made spl5did trees1 & a great /orm came along & broke d[n two or ?ree1 & t 0 a s\rce ( great regret to my uncle2 b 8 son ?9ks1 p]haps1 x 0 a good ?+1 because x op5$ a beautiful view out into ! c\ntry4 ,n[ by gr\p+ trees we c save beautiful views4 ,if we plant uni=mly1 we get monotony4 ,) ?is belt ( burr oaks spac$ z ,i h describ$1 y h v>iety on y\r sky l9e4 ,"s trees are a little f>!r up ?an o!rs & cat* ! sunlight1 & we get %ade & light4 ,t is ! way ,i %\ld plant nut trees4 ,if ,i 7 plant+ black walnuts or butt]nuts ,i w\ld gr\p !m1 b see t ! tree has 9 "s directions space en\gh to develop z f> z x wi%es4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,simonds is ab\t to g4 ,t is ! reason ,i precipitat$ ?is "q at ?is po9t4 ,x 0 ask$ ) ref]5ce to ! law :i* ^! g5tlem51 sitt+ at my "r "h1 7 responsible 9 putt+ ?r\gh 9 ! legislature ( ?is ,/ate--provision = plant+ food trees along ! highways2 & x may be be=e ,mr4 ,simonds goes1 !y h some?+ fur!r to ask4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,^! que/ions are v important to draw out in=mation4 ,is !re any?+ else y wi% to ask be=e we leave ?is topic8 ,if n1 we w call on ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ to pres5t 8 pap] next4 ,x 0 c>ri$ ov] f la/ night1 ,i believe4 ,,nut ,,culture ,,9 ,,mi*igan ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,!re is evid5ce on all sides t ! p ( ,mi*igan are deeply int]e/$ 9 nut culture4 ,"s h inve/$ 9 pecan l&s 9 ! ,f> ,s\?2 no d\bt "s own ,p]sian 7,engli%7 walnut1 almond or filb]t or*>ds on ! ,pacific ,coa/2 & o!rs are at ! po9t ( plant+ nut trees 9 ,mi*igan4 ,ev]ybody w\ld g nutt+ 9 fall if he c\ld4 ,mi*igan leads all o!r nor!rn /ates 9 :at its in/itutions & "s ( its p h done t[>d develop+ ! nut indu/ry4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago ! ,lake ,%ore & ,mi*igan ,s\!rn ,railroad ,company %[$ its int]e/ 9 nut production1 :5 x plant$ _m miles ( *e/nut trees along its tracks runn+ nor? f ,adrian4 ,betwe5 #ahhh & #ahib !re 7 plant$ on ! gr\nds ( ! sub-exp]im5t /ation at ,s\? ,hav51 a numb] ( pecan trees ( ,i[a & ,miss\ri se$1 ,japanese walnuts1 a numb] ( filb]t plants & a collection ( almond v>ieties4 ,at ab\t ! same "t1 ,pr( ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey set out half doz5 pecans & ,japanese walnut trees on ! campus ( ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college4 ,lat]1 ,pr(essor ,l4 ,r4 ,taft add$ sev]al se$l+ ,p]sian 7,engli%7 walnut trees to ! gr\p4 ,9 travel+ ov] ! s\!rn "p ( ,mi*igan1 "o _c g f> )\t see+ signs ( int]e/ 9 nut trees4 ,ev]y:]e ! black walnut has be5 sp>$ or plant$4 ,9 c]ta9 sections x is to be f\nd ab\t practically e f>m h\se or at lea/ ne> en\gh by to furni% ! w9t] supply ( ! family nuts4 ,! *e/nut is less common 9 any "p ( ! /ate ?an is ! black walnut1 n appe>+ to any consid]able ext5t except 9 ! l[] s\!a/]n corn]4 ,x has n f>$ well 9 ! /ate ei!r z a native or plant$ tree4 ,! ,p]sian or s-call$ ,engli% walnut has attract$ consid]able att5tion f "t to "t1 & "u especially favorable surr\nd+s "o occasionally f9ds ?rifty specim5 trees4 ,! pecan1 ! ,japanese walnut1 ,european hazel or m popul>ly call$ ! filb]t h all be5 giv5 limit$ trials at v>i\s times4 ,ev5 ! almond has _h a day 9 ,mi*igan4 ,q possibly ! pi/a*e has be5 ?r\gh ! same exp]i5ce2 b if s1 ! fact is n g5]ally kn[n4 ,t species is f arid ,asia & :olly unlikely to succe$ 9 ! latitude ( ,mi*igan al?\gh a "y tree ( a ,*9ese species ornam5tal because ( its f9e fea!ry foliage1 gre5 9 summ] b :i* takes on a brilliant hue 9 fall is1 or 0 ! la/ we "k1 do+ well on ! private gr\nds ( ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ne> ,/am=d1 ,conn4 ,among ! k9ds ( nut trees f :i* we c select v>ieties = plant+ 9 ,mi*igan1 !re are elev5 or m di/9ct species4 ,) su* a range z ?is1 "o might ask1 :y n g into nut gr[+ 9 ,mi*igan on ! same scale z 9 ! gr[+ ( apples & pea*es4 ,!re are probably bett] reasons :y ?is is n be+ done1 b two v good ones are t !re are n en\gh available trees ( good v>ieties to plant m ?an a s+le or*>d ( respectable size 9 ! /ate2 & ! o!r2 x w\ld n pay to put good ,mi*igan l& to nut trees ( su* v>ieties z are n[ available ev5 ?\gh !y c\ld be _h4 ,if nut trees c't be _h & w\ldn't pay if !y c\ld !n :y publi% an article on ,nuts = ,mi*igan ,plant+1 is probably :at w run ?r\gh ! m9ds ( mo/ read]s ( ^! l9es4 ,x is c]ta9ly a logical "q1 b !re are at lea/ t5 reasons :y nut trees %\ld be plant$ 9 ,mi*igan4 #a4 ,! =e/s ( ,mi*igan h rea*$ ! po9t ( depletion su* t = ! sake ( future g5]ations1 trees ( "s k9d o!r ?an fruit mu/ be plant$4 #b4 ,:ile plant+1 we may z well select ^? capable ( p]=m+ m ?an a s+le s]vice2 9 o!r words1 trees ( maximum possible use4 ,oaks1 popl>s1 a%es1 p9es1 elms1 etc41 all h _! places1 b n "o 9 ! gr\p c produce any?+ ( food value to humank9d4 #c4 ,nut trees ( mo/ k9ds1 rightly us$1 are valuable = timb] purposes & are v effective 9 ! l&scape4 #d4 ,memb]s ( ! walnut family includ+ ! hickories are especially appropriate along ! highways & city /reets4 ,!y are /urdy1 long-liv$ & n easily damag$ by /orms or neighbor's boys4 #e4 ,nuts are among ! v be/ ( ! meat sub/itutes4 ,!y conta9 mu* ( ! same food elem5ts z d meats1 al?\gh 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,"s conta9 />* & to t ext5t c be us$ z are ! c]eals & ,iri% potatoes4 ,nuts are ! only vegetable product gr[n 9 ,mi*igan1 :i* 9 raw condition af=d a complete & fairly well balanc$ food = human be+s4 ,e p\nd ( nut food t c be rais$ f a tree along ! /reet or 9 ! f5ce corn] on ! f>m is cle> ga91 & t mu* add$ to our national food supply4 #f4 ,nuts are rapidly assum+ importance z factors 9 ! li/s ( ,am]ican foods4 #g4 ,_m species ( nut trees are adapt$ to "s p>ts ( ,mi*igan4 ,by plant+ ! be/ t are n[ available1 & by con/antly be+ on ! look\t = bett] sorts1 sup]ior v>ieties w be c]ta9 to develop 9 a %ort :ile1 ! same z has be5 ! case ) all old] or*>d fruits & f>m crops4 #h4 ,:oev] intellig5tly plants nut trees p]=ms a di/9ct public s]vice4 ,he w receive ! gratitude ( m ?an ! pres5t g5]ation4 #i4 ,among all k9ds ( trees1 none are m appropriate = memorial purposes to ! m5 :o did n come back f ,france1 ?an is ! black walnut4 ,t species itself took a valiant "p 9 w>f>e4 ,x furni%$ mat]ial = gun/ocks ! same z 9 previ\s w>s1 b 9 ! ,_w ,w> x r5d]$ :at 0 consid]$ by em95t au?ority1 a great] s]vice 9 supply+ propellors = a]oplanes4 ,! %ells ( ! nuts contribut$ _! "p t[>d ! mak+ ( c>bon = gas masks1 & no "o kn[s ! ext5t to :i* walnut k]nels made up ! delicacies s5t f home to ! boys 9 ! tr5*es4 ,) su* a s]vice record z ?is1 ! black walnut is entitl$ to a memorial ( its own4 ,its value z a timb] tree1 z an ornam5tal1 & z a food produc]1 toge!r ) its great range ( adaptability f ,nor? to ,s\? & ,ea/ to ,we/1 %\ld ju/ly entitle x to recognition z a ,national tree4 #aj4 ,mi*igan has a law provid+ = ! plant+ ( nut trees along its highways4 ,?us1 ! /ate has (ficially put its approval on ! idea & has become a lead] 9 ! enc\ragem5t ( ?is great k9d ( economy & ?rift4 ,x has tak5 a /ep t[>d cons]vation 9 a direction :i* is highly develop$ 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,europe4 ,! product is sold to ! highe/ bidd] & ! income us$ 9 ! upkeep ( ! road sy/em4 ,9 t mann] ! roadways ( ^? sections take c>e ( !mselves4 ,9 ?is c\ntry millions ( doll>s ( /ate & f$]al moneys are be+ us$ ?is ye>1 7end+ ,june #cj1 #aiba71 9 ! con/ruction & upkeep ( public roads4 ,desirable z x w\ld be to accompli% ^! ends1 x c\ld n all be done at once4 ,ev5 ?\gh !re 7 an abundance ( available trees ( tri$ k9ds1 x w\ld take a long "t to plant !m & to c>e = !m until !y might become ( pr(itable be>+ age1 also public op9ion w\ld ne$ to be remold$ 9 ord] to insure _! c>e & protection4 ,/ill x c & w be done4 ,! movem5t is already on2 ! ,mi*igan law began to op]ate soon aft] be+ pass$1 & ! ,division ( ,=e/ry at ! ,agricultural ,college is rais+ ! trees = plant+4 ,public op9ion reg>d+ ! c>e ( ! trees & _! product w take c>e ( itself :5 ! value ( ! trees & _! products becomes app>5t4 ,bo? 9 ,cali=nia & 9 ,oregon n only nut b fruit or*>ds & v9ey>ds1 gr[ beside ! roadways ) no protection o!r ?an t ( public op9ion2 & :at has be5 done 9 "o "p ( ! c\ntry c be done 9 o!rs z well4 ,! elev5 species ref]r$ to z be+ available = ,mi*igan use are z foll[s3 ,! almond1 bee*nut1 butt]nut1 *e/nut1 filb]t1 7hazel71 pecan1 %agb>k hickory1 %ellb>k hickory1 black walnut1 ,japanese walnut1 & ! ,p]sian or s-call$ ,engli% walnut4 ,tak+ ^! up 9 ord] we w consid] fir/ ! ,,almond ,except z an ornam5tal1 ! almond does n (f] a great deal = use 9 ,mi*igan4 ,x is sometimes said to be z h>dy z ! pea*1 b only z ?is ref]s to ! tree & n to ! fruit1 is x true4 ,c]ta9 h>d%ell almonds edible1 yet s inf]ior to ! improv$ v>ieties z to h practically no m>ket value1 d sometimes succe$ 9 l[] ,mi*igan b _! value is limit$ to _! beauty :5 9 bloom & to ! production ( a l[ grade product4 ,9 =m & g5]al appe>ance ^! almonds are mu* l pea* pits4 ,v (t5 !y conta9 mu* ( ! same bitt] ta/e ( ,prussic acid common to ! k]nel ( ! ord9>y pea*4 ,!y are int]e/+ to obs]ve :ile gr[+ especially z !y beg9 to rip54 ,! cov]+ outside ! se$ is ?9 & lea!ry & :ile rip5+1 splits & peels outw>d 9 curi\s fa%ion4 ,p]haps ! only recogniz$ v>iety ( almond ( ?is class :i* is kn[n to h fruit$ 9 ! ,ea/ is ! ,rid5h[] f s\!rn ,ill9ois4 ,trees c be _h f "s ( ! nurs]ym54 ,,! ,,bee* ,"o ( ,mi*igan's noble/1 h>die/1 & mo/ (t5 abus$ trees is ! ,am]ican bee*4 ,x is common f nor? to s\?4 ,no tree is m h&some & none1 unless possibly x be ! :ite bir*1 is s (t5 defac$4 ,dr4 ,robt4 ,t4 ,morris1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 rem9ds u t accord+ to ! scriptures1 man1 g5us ,homo1 is a f9i%$ product made by & 9 ! image ( ! ,creator4 ,a safe assumption is t ! scriptural ref]5ce is n to ! creature ^: initials appe> on ! trunk ( a bee* or ^: knife has remov$ b>k f :ite bir*4 ,8 g5us is n ,homo1 & he is n scripturally record$4 ,! bee* is n directly important z a nut be>+ tree1 b indirectly x is z ! nuts are r>ely h>ve/$4 ,indirectly x is ( great value4 ,no food is bett] = turkeys & hogs ?an are bee*nuts4 ,a bu%el ( bee*nuts t c be us$ 9 ?is way replace at lea/ a bu%el ( corn4 ,! diff]5ce 9 co/ ( production %\ld make bee*nuts wor? sev]al times z mu* z corn4 ,9 ,europe a valuable oil us$ z a drug & = salads is express$ f bee*nuts4 ,possibly individual trees c\ld be f\nd some:]e 9 ,mi*igan :i* produce nuts l>ge en\gh1 good en\gh1 & 9 quantity en\gh to ju/ify _! recognition & propagation z nam$ v>ieties4 ,no matt] :e!r di/9ct v>ieties appe> or n1 ! bee* is well wor?y ( plant+ 9 _m places ab\t bo? ! f>m & ! city lot4 ,,butt]nut ,a memb] ( ! walnut family kn[n also z long walnut & z :ite walnut is ! true butt]nut4 ,x has a small] range ( adaptability ?an does ! black walnut b is f\nd consid]ably f>!r nor?4 ,on ! ,atlantic coa/1 its native range ext5ds into ,nova ,scotia4 ,9 p>ts ( ,new ,york ,/ate & ,new ,engl&1 x is "o ( ! mo/ common species4 ,x is well kn[n 9 ,mi*igan :]e1 to _m p x is ! favorite ( all nuts4 ,! tree is less durable & long-liv$ ?an is ! black walnut4 ,x is less well suit$ = use 9 ! l&scape & its timb] value is probably ! lea/ ( any native walnut4 ,)9 v rec5t ye>s "o or two promis+ v>ieties h be5 introduc$ by ! nurs]ym54 ,! fir/ & only "o n[ available is ! ,aik5 f ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,! nut cracks well & ! k]nels are ( pleasant flavor1 b z a v>iety x has n be5 te/$ long en\gh to det]m9e its adaptability to conditions 9 o!r /ates nor ! ext5t to :i* budd$ trees w be productive4 ,,*e/nut ,p]haps ! greate/1 ( all tree trag$ies is repres5t$ by ! *e/nut4 ,once a dom9ant species 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,ea/1 x is n[ m]ely a wreck ( its =m] self4 ,9 :ole /ates along ! ,atlantic ,seabo>d1 x has be5 wip$ out by a fungus disease introduc$ f ,japan "s #be ye>s ago4 ,p5nsylvania all[s no *e/nut trees to be %ipp$ outside its limits = fe> ( fur!r spread+ ?is disease4 ,s f> z kn[n *e/nut trees f we/ ( ! ,waba% ,riv] are free f infection4 ,f ,ill9ois1 !re h rec5tly be5 introduc$ sev]al v>ieties ( *e/nut suppos$ly ( pure ,am]ican p>5tage :i* are q ! equal 9 size ( ! ,european sorts b :i* h ! sweet flavor ( true ,am]ican /ra9s4 ,9 protect$ places 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,l[] ,p59sula ^! *e/nuts %\ld be well wor?y ( trial4 ,!y are1 inde$1 spl5did *e/nuts4 ,! pr9cipal v>ieties are ! ,ro*e/]1 ,progress1 ,full] & ,boone4 ,! la/ is n relat$ to ! o!rs2 b is ! result ( an artificial cross betwe5 ! ,am]ican sweet *e/nut & ! ,japan ,giant4 ,,hickory ,next to1 or p]haps equal to ! black walnut1 ! hickories are among ! be/ kn[n ( ,mi*igan's nut trees4 ,belong+ to ! same family z d ! walnuts1 !y require mu* ! same soil = _! be/ developm5t4 ,!y are sl[] ( gr[? & ev5 h>d] to bud & graft or to successfully transplant4 ,nev]!less1 "s ( hickories be> spl5did nuts 9 lib]al quantities4 ,q a numb] ( good v>ieties h be5 nam$ & a few propagat$4 ,!y are ma9ly ( ! %agb>k species al?\gh "s are %ellb>ks1 "s pignuts1 & a few hybrids4 ,! true %ellb>k is n f\nd 9 ,mi*igan & w\ld probably n succe$ !re z well z d o!rs4 ,9 "* ( gr[?1 ! %ellb>k is mu* l ! %agb>k b ! nuts are mu* l>g]1 & ! %ells extremely ?ick4 ,among ! good %agb>ks !re are ! ,swaim1 ,weik]1 ,k5tucky1 ,manahan1 ,taylor & ,ve/4 ,true hickories ord9>ily d n atta9 important habits ( be>+ until f #ae to #be ye>s ( age4 ,,pecan ,! pecan is easily ! favorite & mo/ important nut ( ,am]ican orig94 ,contr>y to curr5t ideas1 x is n an introduc$ species nor are ! be/ pecans gr[n 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! pecan has become "o ( ! lead+ nuts ( ?is c\ntry by rapid b natural processes4 ,9 ! =e/s1 x is indig5\s z f> nor? z ! s\!rn "p ( ,indiana1 & 9 we/]n ,ill9ois x is f\nd at ! latitude ( ,*icago4 ,se$l+ trees at ,s\? ,hav5 & on ! campus ( ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college h borne occasional crops b ! climate ( ,mi*igan is too sev]e = pecans to be> regul>ly4 ,! trees ( nor!rn orig9 %\ld d well en\gh ov] mu* ( l[] ,mi*igan to be wor?y ( plant+4 ,good v>ieties are ! ,major1 ,gre5riv]1 ,niblack1 ,indiana1 ,buss]on & ,posey4 ,,black ,,walnut ,already ! black walnut _h be5 ref]r$ to 9 ?is article4 ,9 its fur!r behalf may be said t l ! pecan x is "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ rapid gr[+ valuable trees4 ,x does n gr[ ) ! spe$ ( a popl>1 a will[1 or a l9d54 ,nei!r does any o!r tree ( value or longevity4 ,two #f-ye>-old trees ( ! ea/]n black walnut gr[n 9 ! ,wiliamette ,valley ( ,we/]n ,oregon1 bore approximately a peck ( nuts apiece1 9 #aiai1 :5 !y 7 photograph$ by ! writ]4 ,9 good soil & "u favorable conditions ( gr[?1 x w be se5 t ! black walnut is n always sl[ 9 develop+ b t x is sometimes a rapid gr[]4 ,?ree v>ieties ( black walnut are n[ available f ! nurs]ym54 ,!y are ! ,?omas f ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,ohio f "s #bj miles s\? ( ,tol$o1 & ! ,/abl] f ,h[>d ,c\nty1 ,m>yl& #ae or #bj miles outside ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,all are prolific1 precoci\s & ( sup]ior crack+ quality4 ,! ,?omas 0 discov]$ & fir/ propagat$ "s #cj ye>s ago4 ,! "y graft$ trees %[ a t5d5cy to beg9 be>+ 9 ! nurs]y r[s4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! black walnut is reg>d$ z be+ ( great] promise = plant+ 9 ! nor!rn /ates ?an is any o!r species ei!r native or introduc$4 ,,! ,,japanese ,,walnut ,to a consid]able ext5t ?is species has be5 confus$ ) ! ,p]sian walnut1 al?\gh ! two are q unlike4 ,?is is a dw>fi% species ) dull gre5 r\gh leaflets (t5 z _m z #ae or #ag p] leaf1 :i* (t5 be>s nuts 9 clu/]s ( a doz5 or m4 ,:ile gre5 ! out] hulls ( ! nuts are r\gh1 & some:at /icky4 ,! ,p]sian walnut is a /&>d-siz$ upright gr[+ tree ) bright gre5 leaflets1 usually #e to #g p] leaf1 & smoo?1 r\nd nut hulls :i* split op5 & %$ ! nuts automatically4 ,! ,japanese walnuts hybridize freely ) o!r species ( walnuts & produce nuts ( all types2 n infrequ5tly crosses ( ?is k9d resemble butt]nuts s closely z to be practically indi/+ui%able f !m4 ,true ,japanese walnuts h a range 9 =m ( two di/9ct types4 ,! bett] kn[n is ( gu9ea egg %ape2 ! o!r1 (t5 kn[n z ! he>tnut1 is ( di/9ct he>t %ape4 ,nei!r is l>ge2 ! =m] is ( ab\t ! size ( a gu9ea egg or small]2 ! latt] is /ill small]4 ,bo? are l ! black walnut 9 be+ encas$ 9 a r\gh out] husk1 :i* ^u matur+ %rivels & adh]es to ! surface ( ! nut4 ,! %ells are ?9n] ?an are ^? ( ! black walnut1 b ?ick] ?an are ^? ( ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,:5 well matur$1 ! %ell ( ! he>tnut t5ds to op5 slightly at ! apex1 aft] :i* x c be readily split 9 half ) a knife blade4 ,! flavor ( ! k]nel is mu* l t ( ! ,am]ican butt]nut4 ,! ,japanese walnut is ord9>ily h>dy :]ev] ! black succe$s4 ,x is by no means uncommon 9 ,mi*igan :]e x is especially appropriate = family plant+4 ,= ! pres5t1 se$l+ trees w h to be reli$ ^u almo/ :olly1 z v few v>ieties h be5 propagat$4 ,s f> z ! writ] is in=m$1 ! only nam$ v>iety available f a nor!rn nurs]y is ! ,lanca/] introduc$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 a nurs]yman at ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,,p]sian ,,walnut ,p]haps no species ( nut tree has attract$ z great att5tion 9 ,mi*igan z has ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,"u "s conditions x does well = a "t 9 ! ea/]n or nor!a/]n /ates1 b on ! :ole its p]=mance is di/9ctly erratic4 ,comm]cially speak+1 x is ( importance 9 ?is c\ntry only on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,trees on ! campus at ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college & at _m private places 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! /ate1 h come to little4 ,usually !y gr[ well 9 summ] only to freeze back ne>ly z mu* 9 w9t]4 ,9 ,s>anac ,c\nty1 ea/]n ,mi*igan1 close to ,lake ,huron !re are a few "y or*>ds t are 9 good condition1 b a half mile back f ! lake ! results are disc\rag+4 ,! same is true next to ,lake ,mi*igan f ,gr& ,rapids s\? to ! ,indiana l9e4 ,! only recomm5dations t c be made relative to plant+ ! ,p]sian walnut 9 ,mi*igan are1 t x be plant$ v cauti\sly 9 any "p ( ! /ate & except "u v favor$ circum/ances x be n at all 9 ! middle ( ! /ate4 ,d n und]take to gr[ ! trees by plant+ ! nuts or by buy+ se$l+s4 ,! mo/ desirable trees are ^? ( h>dy v>ieties1 budd$ on ! black walnut z a /ock a foot or m above gr\nd4 ,,! ,,filb]t ,! filb]t has be5 "o ( our tantaliz+ species ( nut trees4 ,9 ,engl&1 trees gr[ to ages ( f "o to two hundr$ ye>s1 be>+ pr(usely mean:ile4 ,!re1 = _m ye>s1 !y are gr[n "u apple trees ) currants bel[ !m4 ,9 ,g]many1 we are told t /rawb]ries are gr[n bel[ ! currants & gooseb]ries4 ,we are wait+ = ! ,yankee :o w be fir/ to gr[ peanuts or potatoes bel[ /rawb]ries4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p ( ?is c\ntry1 plants ( ! ,european k9ds are disappo9t+ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 !y are unc]ta9 z to _! ability to be>2 & second1 !y are highly susceptible to a fungus disease f\nd ev]y:]e t ! native hazels ab\nd4 ,! native species is q able to resi/ ?is disease1 b ! introductions ord9>ily succumb to x quickly4 ,9 ! ,pacific ,nor?we/1 :]e by _m filb]t culture is believ$ de/9$ to become a successful & pay+ indu/ry )9 ! next few ye>s1 n infrequ5tly "s v>ieties beg9 to blossom z e>ly z 9 ,decemb]4 ,! bloom+ is l>gely responsible = ! failure ( ea/]n trees to set & mature crops ( nuts4 ,sev]al nurs]ym5 are n[ endeavor+ to f9d v>ieties ( comm]cial value 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,app>5tly !y are meet+ ) "s success z f> z _! "w has gone4 ,_m ( ! v>ieties !y are te/+ are prov+ inf]ior1 b a few h borne good nuts 9 gratify+ quantity = sev]al ye>s4 ,dur+ ! pa/ w9t]1 a good _m froze sev]ely1 al?\gh !y are commonly h>dy "u sev]e wea!r4 ,:]ev] !y are plant$1 !y %\ld h f]tile soil1 f #bj to #be feet ( space ea* way & %\ld be tra9$ to tree =m4 ,aft] #aj ye>s or s1 !y %\ld be head$ back sev]ely1 unless regul> prun+ has be5 practic$ 9 ! meantime4 ,filb]ts fruit only on new wood4 ,to ^? :o h read ?is article to ?is po9t1 x is n[ app>5t t ! nut indu/ry ( ,mi*igan lies almo/ :olly 9 ! future4 ,! native v>ieties =m an excell5t gr\nd "w = t future1 b to prop]ly take advantage ( t base1 x w be necess>y = practically e nut lov] 9 ! /ate to l5d a help+ h&4 ,! fir/ great movem5t necess>y is to exam9e ! nuts 9 ! fall z rip5 9 ord] to f9d ! be/ ( ! walnuts1 hickories1 native hazels1 bee*es & introduc$ *e/nuts1 walnuts & filb]ts4 ,9 ?is ev]yone c help4 ,:oev] f9ds a tree ( any k9d be>+ sup]ior nuts w r5d] a great s]vice by s5d+ specim5s1 toge!r ) 8 or h] address & t ( ! own] ( ! tree to ! ,f$]al ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 or to ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,treasur] ( ! ,association1 ,baldw91 ,nassau ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,be sure to c>efully note ! exact tree1 f :i* ! nuts 7 obta9$ & if specim5s are s5t f m ?an "o tree1 !y %\ld be kept sep>ate & ea* c>efully label$4 ,su* nuts w be exam9$ & if f\nd to be ! equal or sup]ior to ! v>ieties already be+ gr[n1 !y w be nam$ & arrangem5ts made = ?is propagation & te/4 ,no prizes are giv5 by ! ,gov]nm5t b good nuts s5t ! ,gov]nm5t w be eligible to entry 9 ! conte/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,if en\gh specim5s are s5t ! ,dep>tm5t1 "s w be =w>d$ to ! ,treasur] ( t ,association :o has *>ge ( aw>ds4 ,accord+ to v rec5t reports1 ! outlook = a nut crop dur+ ! com+ ye> 0 nev] bett]4 ,?is %\ld1 !re=e1 be an excell5t ye> = f9d+ ! trees be>+ ! be/ nuts4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ,mr4 ,re$ expects to give an additional talk tonight ) lant]n slides4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,!re w be an in=mal talk1 a "q box ?is ev5+ = ! b5efit ( any int]e/$ 9 ! g5]al discussion ( nut culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i notice ! gue/s ( ! in/itution are deeply int]e/$ 9 nut gr[+ 9 _! p>ticul> /ates2 s ! arrangem5t = ?is ev5+ is to give ^? p]sons an opportunity to come out & ask que/ions4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,:ile ,mr4 ,re$ is on t subject1 ,i w\ld l to ask if !re is a *e/nut z l>ge z ! ,boone or o!r *e/nuts gr[n by ,mr4 ,riehl ( z good flavor z ! ,am]ican ,sweet *e/nut4 ,a good _m p are ask+ me f "t to "t :at ! m]it is 9 ^? l>ge *e/nuts4 ,inv>iably !y h f\nd t ! quality is n z good z 9 ! ,am]ican sweet *e/nut4 ,i h be5 assur$ & ,mr4 ,re$ says t ! k]nel ( ^! is v good4 ,i wond] if !re1 are "s ( !m bett] ?an o!rs--( ! v l>ge *e/nuts4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,!re is a diff]5ce4 ,! ,boone t ,mr4 ,olcott ref]s to is a cross betwe5 ! ,am]ican species & ! ,japanese4 ,! ,japanese has n a good flavor2 x is consid]ably bel[ t ( ! ,am]ican2 b ! ,boone is q good2 b !re are "s ( ,mr4 ,riehl's *e/nuts t are bett]4 ,mr4 ,riehl's are believ$ to be ! pure ,am]ican sweet *e/nuts & "s ( !m are v good1 p]haps n q z sweet z our ,am]ican sweet1 b !y are exce$+ly satisfactory & v popul> 9 ! ,*icago m>kets :]e ,mr4 ,riehl's *e/nuts are go+4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,?is fall ,i receiv$ a *e/nut :i* ,i am satisfi$ 0 ,japanese1 :i* is v l>ge1 & seem+ly ab\t z sweet z ! ,am]ican4 ,i did n h ! ,am]ican !re to te/ x by1 b x 0 v int]e/+ to me1 & ,i am plann+ to get scions 9 ! spr+ to foll[ x up fur!r4 ,x 0 seem+ly a ,japanese *e/nut1 & pretty ne>ly z l>ge z ! ,boone4 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i might say t s f> z ,i h te/$ !m1 "s ( ! ,japanese are q sweet1 b ! meat is g5]ally t\gh1 n brittle & sweet l ! ,am]ican4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ,mr4 ,l9ton is ) u1 & we %all be glad to he> f him4 ,,nut ,,trees ,,= ,,highways ,,& ,,public ,,places ,,william ,s4 ,,l9ton1 ,,sag9aw1 ,,mi*igan ,= a numb] ( ye>s x has be5 a s\rce ( gratification & pleasure to me to be id5tifi$ ) ! memb]%ip ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,true1 a long di/ance memb]%ip only1 b nev]!less a connection t all mu/ admit has borne fruit1 or nuts1 z y may pref] to /ate x4 ,to ?is association & its (ficial j\rnal mu/ be giv5 full cr$it = ! pione] "w 9 a great & good movem5t t w sweep1 n only ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ov] e clime & c\nty 9 ! _w's ,we/]n hemisph]e z well4 ,y\r se$ s[n 9 ! p59sul> /ate ( ,mi*igan1 0 ! fir/ to spr\t 9 a sub/antial way 9 s f> z public plant+ ( nut trees by a sov]eign /ate is conc]n$1 & x 0 our good =tune to h z /aun* support]s = ! plan su* able & p]si/5t work]s z my good fri5d1 ,s5ator ,h>vey ,a4 ,p5ney ( ,sag9aw1 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,k4 ,*itt5d5 ( ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ,honorable ,frank ,f4 ,rog]s1 ,mi*igan's excell5t ,/ate ,highway ,commission]4 ,^u ! latt] w l>gely devolve ! duty ( c>ry+ out ! law's provisions1 z provid$ 9 ,s5ator ,p5ney's bill pass$ at ! la/ session ( ! ,legislature1 & t x w be well & practically done1 goes )\t say+4 ,& n[ to my !me1 ,%\ld ! ,c\ntry ,roadsides be ,plant$ & ,:y4 ,! pres5t high co/ ( liv+1 & 9 fact ! co/ ( liv+ at any "t is a fruitful & s]i\s problem4 ,our va/ natural res\rces dur+ ! c5tury gone1 ( =e/s1 ( game1 & ( graz+ l&s1 h almo/ to ! po9t ( ext9ction be5 rapidly pass+ away1 & x behooves u1 :o h pr(it$ !reby & n[ owe a duty to our race to artificially provide :]ev] & :5ev] we c = ! future ( humank9d4 ,9 :at bett] way c ?is be done ?an 9 utiliz+ ! imm5se acreage ( ,am]ica's va/ sy/em ( highways1 7n[ absolutely wa/$ except = ! sole purpose ( travel71 to reproduce ! v f9e/ ( our c\ntry's magnific5t trees1 to aga9 af=d beauty1 grateful %ade1 valuable timb] & ! *oice/ ( food 9 great abundance = ! g5]ations to come4 ,7 ?is n a conv5tion devot$ to ! advancem5t ( nut gr[+ alone1 ,i w\ld be glad to extol also = road plant+ fruit trees ( e k9d ( adequate size & "*1 & free or ne>ly s1 f ! ravages ( disease or insect pe/1 w\ld be glad to praise ! /ately1 h>d maple1 ) its cle>1 sweet sap1 produc+ ! syrup & sug> t are ! delight ( *ildhood & age1 & w\ld be glad to recomm5d ! useful basswood ) its valuable lumb] & its fragrant yell[ fl[]s1 produc+ t nect> f :i* our mo/ delici\s honey is made1 & w\ld be glad to recomm5d = our highways1 c]ta9 o!r maje/ic trees ne$$ by man & beautiful 9 ! l&scape4 ,b ! object ( ?is association & conv5tion is a specializ$ "o1 z und\bt$ly x %\ld be1 ow+ to ! important field x cov]s1 & !re=e ! nut trees & x alone = plant+ on highways & 9 public places %\ld be ! subject ( ?is pap]4 ,if we 7 to conf9e ourselves to "o native v>iety or species = our ,nor!rn t]ritory1 ! great majority ( p w\ld unhesitat+ly say1 let x be ! ,black ,walnut 7,juglans nigra74 ,atta9+ z x does a height ( #ajj feet & m1 & a trunk ( f\r feet & ov] 9 diamet]1 ) a symmetrical top ( spl5did foliage1 be>+ ! ri*e/ ( nuts & its timb] ! mo/ valuable 9 ! c\ntry1 ) a natural range ext5d+ f ,mi*igan to ,mississippi & f ,delaw>e to ! ,dakotas1 x %\ld be univ]sally plant$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates along ?\s&s ( miles ( our great trunk l9e roads4 ,its ne>e/ ,am]ican relative1 ! butt]nut 7,juglans c9]ea7 pref]r+ l[] l&s along riv] bottoms1 atta9+ an av]age height ( #fj feet ) a trunk ( #c feet1 its wood suitable = cab9et "w1 its b>k ) m$ic9al prop]ties1 & its nuts ( spl5did flavor1 %\ld be plant$ :]e soil conditions call = x4 ,= _! ri*1 delici\s nuts1 alone1 say+ no?+ ab\t _! clean1 h&some foliage1 _! r\gh1 /rong wood--! be/ ( any gr[n = _m purposes--! hickories1 among :i* are ! ,%agb>k 7,c>ya ovata7 & ! big %ellb>k 7,c>ya lac9iosa71 %\ld be plant$ 9 _m places4 ,!y bo? frequ5tly atta9 #ajj feet 9 height ) /raight /urdy trunks av]ag+ f ?ree to f\r feet 9 diamet]4 ,! o!r nut trees suitable = roadside plant+1 are n specially attractive to mank9d = _! fruits1 z h]et(ore us$ or utiliz$1 b may ev5tually become s "u mod]n me?ods ( cook+ or prop] treatm5t4 ,9 _! raw /ate1 h[ev]1 all are edible & also palatable to mo/ p1 b _! *ief food value today1 is to provide ri* prov5d] to dome/ic animals & birds1 or ! desirable wild life ( ! woodl&s1 all ( :i* dev\r !m eag]ly1 add+ quickly to _! weight & greatly to _! quality & flavor ( _! fle%4 ,i ref] to ! ?ree magnific5t oaks produc+ sweet acorns1 viz41 ! ,:ite ,oak 7,qu]cus albaq71 ! ,bur ,oak 7,qu]cus macroc>pa7 & ! ,swamp ,:ite ,oak 7,qu]cus plantanoides74 ,!y are all emblematic ( great /r5g? & gr&eur1 rea*+ ! maje/ic height ( #ajj feet1 ) trunks f\r or five feet 9 diamet]2 ! leaf color+ at times is indescribably beautiful & ! timb] ow+ to its great solidity & /r5g? is ( ! utmo/ value4 ,la/1 b n lea/1 ! ,am]ican bee*1 ) a ?ree or f\r foot trunk & almo/ #ajj feet 9 height1 di/9ct & beautiful1 w dem& ! att5tion ( ^? :o plant our highways4 ,its nuts1 fea/$ ^u by _m =e/ d5iz5s1 may be class$ ) ! sweet acorns h]et(ore ref]r$ to1 b ! tree has a grace & *>m all its own & x ?rives f ! w>m wat]s ( ! ,gulf to ! icy %ores ( ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,at ?is "t we _c recomm5d :at has be5 a noble1 almo/ fasc9at+ tree1 #ajj feet its usual height & sometimes spread+ #ajj feet almo/ 9 ext5t1 ) a trunk t 9 "s cases rea*$ a diamet] ( #aj feet1 ) clu/]s ( gold5 catk9s fragrant 9 midsumm]1 result+ 9 great quantities ( delici\s nuts 9 autumn4 ,su* 0 ! *e/nut1 ,ca/anea d5tata1 ( ! pa/1 ! fate ( :i*1 & almo/ ext9ction1 has be5 a trag$y 9 ! ranks ( our native trees t has br\ght bitt] regrets to all lov]s ( ?is p>tician ( ! =e/4 ,good news comes f ! f> ,ea/1 h[ev]1 to ! effect t "s specim5s ( ?is fam\s tree h escap$ or prov5 immune to ! blight1 & if ! latt]1 x means ! sav+ ( ! species & its replant+ 9 soil & t]ritory :]e x may ?rive z ( yore4 ,hav+ n[ enum]at$ ! v>ieties ( trees t %\ld be select$ 9 ! ma9 = ! plant+ ( highways & 9 public places1 ! "q n[ arises z to ! be/ me?od ( c>ry+ on ! "w 9 a practical way ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,individuals or small communities c]ta9ly c n be dep5d$ ^u to d x1 z ! result w\ld be ( a pat*work "* t w\ld n be pleas+ to ! eye or b5eficial 9 its results4 ,only f$]al1 /ate & municipal gov]nm5ts c take *>ge ( ?is great "w & c>ry x =w>d to completion4 ,! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 n[ z y "k1 by legal enactm5t1 causes /ate au?orities to plant ! trunk l9e1 highways1 ! c\nty to plant ! roads ( ! c\nty sy/ems1 & ! cities & villages & t[n%ips ^? m9or roads t are )9 _! bord]s4 ,9 case ( individual ef=t1 :]e an own] ( l& plants food-produc+ trees along ! highways 9 front ( 8 prop]ty1 he is reimburs$ by /at$ am\nts cov]+ ea* tree s plant$1 ! returns com+ to him by a r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( 8 own taxation4 ,?is s-call$ ,mi*igan plan c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry1 w\ld call = a supply ( trees ( ! "* nam$ f> beyond ! ability ( ! comm]cial gr[]s to supply1 & 9 my op9ion c be work$ out only by se$ or se$l+s ( ! v>i\s v>ieties4 ,& :y n8 ,! co/ w\ld be mu* less ?an ( any o!r me?od1 & only a few ye>s w\ld pass be=e sub/antial returns w\ld comm5ce to come4 ,x has be5 /at$ & x is true1 t ! se$s ( ! trees nam$ d n always produce sup]ior nuts1 b 9 a great majority only ^? ( a common or inf]ior k9d4 ,h[ev]1 *oice specim5s w appe> also1 & f ^! ( ! bett] class graft+ may be done to enri* all4 ,!n aga91 x is a "q z to :e!r ! important tap roots ( ! important nut species %\ld be di/urb$ or de/roy$ 9 transplant+4 ,x w\ld seem to be ! prop] plan1 !re=e1 9 ord] to avoid too great an exp5se1 t ! nuts or se$ %\ld be us$ 9 a great majority ( highway plant+1 ! trees to rema9 :]e fir/ plac$ on approv$ roadside l9es1 & ! prop] di/ance ap>t4 ,x may be said t too great a "t w\ld elapse betwe5 ! plant+ ( ! se$ & ! maturity ( ! tree1 b z "t goes n[adays1 x w\ld n be an unreasonable p]iod1 & !re are ^? )9 ! s\nd ( my voice n[1 :o w witness 9 _! maturity ! magnific5t trees produc+ _! valuable products & add+ to ! beauty ( ! l&scape & to ! welf>e ( mank9d4 ,?is ,association has be5 ! pione] 9 ?is great movem5t1 & x w be ! cr$it to ^? connect$ !re) 9 ! g5]ations to come1 9 t !y h all contribut$ 9 a v m>k$ degree to ! ev]la/+ b5efit ( mank9d4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,is !re any discussion8 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i believe ,s5ator ,p5ney is to discuss a topic v closely affiliat$ ) ?is "o & p]haps x w\ld be well to def] ! discussion until we he> 8 address4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we w be glad to h ,s5ator ,p5ney pres5t 8 pap] next1 !n4 ,x is along ! same l9es--legislation 9 reg>d to tree plant+4 ,,s5ator ,,p5ney3 ,:5 my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 />t$ (f to discuss 8 pap]1 he said he 0 a long di/ance memb]1 & y c see ! effect 9 ! fruits he has borne or ! nuts he has borne4 ,ev] s9ce ,i 0 tak5 sick up nor?1 he has be5 try+ to tell me ,i 0 a nut4 ,i 0 tak5 sick up !re 9 ! de] hunt+ camp1 & my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 assi/$ 9 gett+ me out & ru%+ me to ! ne>e/ hospital1 & x happ5$ to be an insane asylum 9 nor!rn ,mi*igan4 ,,legislation ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,plant+ ,,( ,,nut ,,& ,,o!r ,,food ,,produc+ ,,trees ,,s5ator ,,h>vey ,a4 ,,p5ney1 ,,sag9aw1 ,,mi*igan ,i wi% to express my he>ty appreciation to y\r ,association = ! di/9ct honor ( be+ invit$ to address y\r meet+ ^u ! subject ( ,legislation ,reg>d+ ! ,plant+ ( ,nut & ,o!r ,food ,trees4 ,i believe t my invitation came z a result ( hav+ be5 responsible = introduc+ a tree-plant+ bill 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! #aiai session ( ! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,legislature1 & lat] 9 secur+ its passage4 ,?is bill purport$ to regulate ! plant+ ( ornam5tal1 nut-be>+ & o!r food-produc+ trees along ! highways ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 or 9 public places1 & = ! ma9t5ance1 protection & c>e ( su* trees1 & to provide a p5alty = injury !re(1 or = /eal+ ! products !re(4 ,= sev]al sessions ( ! ,mi*igan ,legislature prior to #aiai1 bills _h be5 introduc$ int5d+ to accompli% ?is result1 b ea* "t h]et(ore !y h regul>ly fail$ to pass4 ,?is fate includ$ "o introduc$ by ! writ] dur+ ! session ( #aiag4 ,i am n[ fully conv9c$ t none ( ^! bills1 al?\gh a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 seem$ to provide ! prop] work+ ma*9]y or necess>y features to put !m into practical op]ation1 & h5ce did n appeal to ! legislative committees1 nor to ! memb]s ( ! sev]al legislatures4 ,dur+ ! regul> session ( #aiai1 ) ! valuable assi/ance ( ,hon4 ,w4 ,s4 ,l9ton ( ,sag9aw1 a new bill 0 prep>$ provid+ an entirely new me?od ( supply+ & plant+ su* trees1 & = putt+ su* a law into effective op]ation "u ! jurisdiction ( ! /ate4 ,x 0 made to "w 9 h>mony ) ! rights ( ! prop]ty own] adjo9+ ! highway1 & ) ! duties ( ^? /ate (ficials ^: dep>tm5ts 7 p]fectly adapt$ & equipp$ = putt+ ! law into active op]ation4 ,i am go+ to atta* an enroll$ copy ( ! tree plant+ bill at ! end ( ?is pap]1 s t x may be made a "p ( ! p]man5t records ( ! ,association4 ,x w !re=e be unnecess>y to give a detail$ acc\nt ( all ! provisions conta9$ !re94 ,i w1 h[ev]1 m5tion a few ( ! pr9cipal po9ts s t y may und]/& its purpose4 ,x provides t ! ,public ,doma9 ,commission :i* has *>ge ( ! /ate =e/ res]ve l&s & p>ks1 toge!r ) ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 are giv5 au?ority to gr[ & acquire suitable se$s1 scions or trees = plant+ "u ! provisions ( ?is act4 ,a dep>tm5t ( ! ,agricultural ,college det]m9es ! k9d ( trees :i* are adapt$ or suitable = plant+ 9 diff]5t soils or places4 ,9 ord] to insure a uni=m sy/em ( plant+1 ?is duty is left to ! ,/ate ,highway ,commission & ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 act+ jo9tly4 ,! trees belong to ! /ate1 b ! nuts or o!r products belong to ! own] ( ! l& adjo9+ ! highway4 ,a p5alty is impos$ if ^! trees are defac$ ) adv]tisem5ts or signs1 & nei!r c !y be cut d[n or de/roy$4 ,b j z y f9d legislatures diff]+ 9 _! op9ions ^u public matt]s1 s y mu/ expect !m to diff] m or less ^u ! feasibility ( mo/ any bill t is pres5t$ = _! consid]ation4 ,all k9ds ( argum5ts are made = & aga9/ any bill4 ,i rememb] t "o ,s5ator 9 ! committee ?\ght t trees plant$ along ! highways be>+ nuts or fruit w\ld con/antly be subject to a lot ( tamp]+ & mole/ation by ! travel+ public4 ,b ano!r ,s5ator came back ) a reply t seem$ to be v conv9c+1 :5 he /at$ t he _h a f9e r[ ( *]ry trees gr[+ along ! front ( 8 f>m1 & _h nev] exp]i5c$ any tr\ble ( t k9d f su* a s\rce4 ,i h always felt t if ! m]its ( a good bill 7 prop]ly expla9$ to a legislature committee1 !re w be no hesitancy 9 hav+ x favorably report$ out & f9ally pass$4 ,i believe ! legislature ( #aiai took ?is view ( ! tree plant+ bill introduc$ by myself1 z x 0 pass$ by bo? ! ,s5ate & ! ,h\se1 & lat] receiv$ ! signature ( ,gov]nor ,sleep]1 ?us mak+ x an e/abli%$ law ( ,mi*igan4 ,i mu/ n =get to m5tion ! fact t aft] ?is bill _h be5 pass$ by ! legislature & /ill ne$$ ! signature ( ! ,gov]nor to make x a law1 a numb] ( ,mi*igan's repres5tative & influ5tial citiz5s wrote to ,gov]nor ,sleep]1 urg+ him to affix 8 signature !reto4 ,among ^? 0 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,kellogg ( ,battle ,creek1 :o has m ?an a nation-wide reputation 9 8 pr(ession & is at pres5t a /rong factor 9 ! success ( ?is association4 ,?is law is int5d$ n only to ornam5t ! public highways ( ,mi*igan1 b also to furni% nut be>+ & o!r food-produc+ trees t %\ld assi/ mat]ially 9 ! problems incid5t to ! high co/ ( liv+4 ,x w\ld seem t su* a law %\ld be duplicat$ 9 e /ate :]e practicable1 & also be promot$ by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t ^u ,national ,highways4 ,! p ( ,mi*igan rec5tly vot$ to am5d ! ,/ate ,con/itution s z to p]mit ! issuance ( #ej1jjj1jjj4jj wor? ( bonds = ! improvem5t ( public highways4 ,by ! "t t ?is l>ge sum has be5 apportion$ ov] a p]iod ( say t5 ye>s1 & ! road moneys furni%$ & exp5d$ dur+ ?is "t1 z f$]al aid by ! f$]al gov]nm5t1 local c\nties & t[n%ips are add$ !reto1 x has be5 e/imat$ t ! va/ sum ( ne>ly #bjj1jjj1jjj4jj w h be5 us$ solely = ! improvem5t ( our /ate highways4 ,) a wond]ful highway sy/em ?us e/abli%$1 beautifully adorn$ by ! /ate ) nut-be>+ & o!r trees1 ! roads ( ,mi*igan %\ld become a great attraction 9 :i* our citiz5s w\ld n only h a j pride1 b s]ve z a model ( excell5ce = ! :ole nation to imitate4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i w\ld l to ask ! ,s5ator :at dang] !re is likely to be 9 ! protection ( ^! trees :5 !y are once plant$4 ,is ! tree go+ to h "r ( way1 or is ! telephone company go+ to h "r ( way 9 cutt+ out ! top2 or is a new br$ consci\sness go+ to h au?ority4 ,if x is possible t ! trees w be de/roy$ z _m h be51 p]haps ! legislation may be *ang$ 9 "s way4 ,suppose we want to give !m good c>e1 :at are we go+ to d8 ,,s5ator ,,p5ney3 ,! law has a section 9 x provid+ = defac+ & damag+ ! trees or cutt+ !m d[n4 ,i h a copy ( ! bill !re4 ,z my ?roat is 9 bad %ape p]haps x might be well to h ! secret>y read ! bill4 ,x is n v long4 ,,mr4 ,,l9ton3 ,9 ?is connection ,i w\ld also ask = ! read+ ( ! bill by ! secret>y4 ,?is is a bill t may be copi$ by o!r /ates ?r\gh\t ! ,union1 & if !re is any criticism t is j1 9 reason1 = *ang+ any ( ! features 9 ! bill1 !y %\ld be decid$ ^u at ?is meet+ or by a committee4 ,because a uni=m bill ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry is really some?+ desirable1 ,i ?9k1 9 connection ) ?is legislation4 ,& ,i w\ld add fur!r3 ,mi*igan does n h an entire monopoly ( ,highway legislation at ! pres5t "t1 b is 9 a prom95t position 9 connection !re)4 ,! *airman ( ! committee on po/ (fices & po/ roads ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate is ,s5ator ,t[ns5d1 ( ?is ,/ate4 ,x is 8 bill t w cause ! national highways to be con/ruct$ f ocean to ocean4 ,s5ator ,t[ns5d is "o ( our be/ belov$ citiz5s2 8 he>t is 9 ?is "w2 & ,i am sure f :at ,i "k ( him 7& he is a close fri5d ( m9e7 t he w ent] he>tily into ! _s ( embody+ 9 national legislation some?+ ( ! "* t we h 9 /ate legislation 9 ,mi*igan s t x may apply to ! :ole c\ntry z well4 ,& = t reason ,i w\ld l to h ! bill read4 ,x is a %ort "o1 & any additions or any am5dm5ts !reto ,i "k w be gladly receiv$ by ,s5ator ,p5ny or myself4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i ?9k t is "o ( ! mo/ important subjects t c come be=e ?is ,association2 n only t1 b ! int]e/ ( e memb] %\ld be enli/$ p>ticul>ly 9 ?is subject4 ,! possibilities ( ! ext5sion ( t "w are almo/ unlimit$ & directly 9 l9e ) ! objects ( ?is organization4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i am j wond]+ :e!r we w\ld h "t to h x read n[1 or po/pone x to a little lat]4 ,dr4 ,kellogg is ) u n[4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,?is bill is v %ort4 7,read bill47 ,s5ate ,bill ,no4 #ei ,introduc$ by ,s5ator ,p5ney 7,file ,no4 #aej7 ,,/ate ,,( ,,mi*igan #ej? ,legislature ,regul> ,session ( #aiai ,,s5ate ,,enroll$ ,,act ,,no4 #ah ,an act to regulate ! plant+ ( ornam5tal1 nut be>+ or o!r food produc+ trees along ! highways ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 or 9 public places1 & = ! ma9t5ance1 protection & c>e ( su* trees & to provide a p5alty = injury !re(1 or = /eal+ ! products !re(4 ,! ,p ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan enact ,section #a4 ,! ,/ate ,highway ,commission] & ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 act+ jo9tly h]eund]1 %all h au?ority & x %all be _! duty to select & plant by se$1 scions or o!rwise1 ornam5tal1 nut be>+1 or o!r food produc+ trees1 7to be suppli$ by ! ,public ,doma9 ,commission1 or ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 z may be recomm5d$ or approv$ by ! ,division ( ,agriculture ( said college17 suitable = %ade trees1 along ! ,/ate trunk l9e highways & all o!r highways ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 ^u :i* ,/ate rew>d has be5 paid or e>n$3 ,provid$1 t 9 no case %all su* trees be plant$ except by & ) ! cons5t ( ! own] ( ! prop]ty adjo9+ su* highway4 ,! ,/ate ,highway ,commission] %all e/abli% rules & regulations = uni=m plant+ or prop] plac+ ( all trees "u ! provisions ( ?is act1 & all su* trees %all belong to ! ,/ate1 b ! products !re( %all belong to ! own]s ( ! adjac5t l&4 ,no?+ h]e9 conta9$ %all au?orize ! ,/ate ,highway ,commission]1 or ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture to cut d[n or int]f]e ) %ade trees n[ gr[+ along any su* highway1 )\t p]mission 9 writ+ f ! own] ( ! adjo9+ prop]ty4 ,all exp5ses incurr$ 9 c>ry+ out ! provisions ( ?is section %all be paid out ( any moneys 9 ! ,/ate highway fund t may be available !re=4 ,section #b4 ,c\nties1 t[n%ips1 cities & villages may annually appropriate money to be us$ 9 plant+1 prun+ & protect+1 & :5ev] necess>y 9 acquir+ %ade1 nut be>+ & ornam5tal trees to be plac$ along & )9 ! respective limits ( said municipalities4 ,! exp5diture ( any su* fund %all be ve/$ 9 ! highway commission] 9 ! case ( c\nty roads1 & 9 ! prop] highway au?orities ( ! city or village z ! case may be4 ,section #c4 ,! own] ( any real e/ate 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan t bord]s ^u a legal highway ^u :i* ,/ate rew>d has n be5 paid1 %all h ! "r to plant said approv$ ornam5tal1 nut be>+1 or o!r food produc+ trees along ! l9e ( said highway adjo9+ said l&1 & %all receive annually a cr$it ( five c5ts ^u 8 highway repair tax = ea* tree s plant$ by him & gr[+ 9 good ord]1 n less ?an six feet 9 height :5 plant$ & n less ?an tw5ty & n m ?an =ty feet ap>t4 ,all ( said trees & _! products %all belong to ! own] ( said l&3 ,provid$1 t no b\nty %all be paid or d$uction all[$ "u ! provision ( ?is section ^u any "o tree or r[ ( trees = a long] p]iod ?an five ye>s4 ,! own] ( su* trees %all h ! c>e !re( & %all h ! duty & responsibility = ! trimm+1 spray+ & cultivation !re(4 ,section #d4 ,! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college & ,public ,doma9 ,commission are h]eby au?oriz$ to gr[ & acquire suitable se$s1 scions or trees = plant+ "u ! provisions ( ?is act1 & to e/abli% prop] rules & regulations = di/ribut+ ! same at nom9al co/1 or o!rwise1 to c\nties1 t[n%ips1 cities1 villages1 & citiz5s ( ! ,/ate = ! a=esaid purpose1 & also = ,/ate p>ks or o!r public places4 ,section #e4 ,x %all be unlawful to cut1 de/roy1 injure1 deface or break any ornam5tal1 nut be>+1 food produc+ or %ade tree ^u any public highway or place1 except :]e su* trees %all int]f]e ) ! prop] con/ruction or ma9t5ance ( su* highways4 ,x %all be unlawful to affix to any su* tree any picture1 ann\ncem5t1 play-bill1 notice or adv]tisem5t1 or to pa9t or m>k su* tree1 except = ! purpose ( protect+ x1 or to neglig5tly p]mit any animal to break d[n1 injure or de/roy any su* tree )9 ! limits ( any public highway4 ,any p]son violat+ any ( ! provisions ( ?is act %all be guilty ( a misdemeanor & on conviction !re( %all be puni%$ by a f9e ( n less ?an "o doll> or m ?an tw5ty-five doll>s1 & 9 default ( paym5t ( any su* f9e may be imprison$ 9 ! c\nty jail = a p]iod n exce$+ ?irty days4 ,su* p]son %all be liable to ! own] ( ! trees = treble ! am\nt ( damages su/a9$4 ,,lur5 ,d4 ,,dick9son1 ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor1 ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,,tom ,,re$1 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,approv$1 ,m>* #bh1 #aiai4 ,,alb]t ,e4 ,,sleep]1 ,gov]nor4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i move t be=e adj\rnm5t ! *airman appo9t a committee ( ?ree memb]s ( ?is association to c>efully review ?is bill & ei!r report 9 favor ( any sugge/ions t !y may wi% to make 9 reg>d to its am5dm5t or give approval ( ! bill z x /&s4 ,,mr4 ,,l9ton3 ,i support ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,x is mov$ & second$ t ! *airman appo9t a committee ( ?ree to c>ry out ! recomm5dations4 ,all 9 favor say ,aye2 contr>y1 ,no4 ,x is ,,c>ri$4 ,,s5ator ,,p5ney3 ,t law is adju/$ to ! laws ( ,mi*igan & any o!r /ate propos$ w\ld h to adju/ x to fit _! laws4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to h ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ on t committee1 ,mr4 ,olcott & ,dr4 ,morris4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,!n1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 9 addition to t we are go+ to take ! lib]ty ( add+ an ex (ficio memb]1 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 an ex-presid5t & also a good ?or\ghgo+ nut4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,my und]/&+ is ! provision = six-ft4 trees4 ,six foot nut trees unless !y h be5 transplant$ sev]al times w h>dly succe$4 ,i w\ld say use small trees along ! highway4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k t w\ld ne$ to be work$ out4 ,i ?9k a six foot tree is a little dang]\s 9 "s v>ieties4 ,! committee might f9d x wise to (f] "s sugge/ions 9 t l9e4 ,,voice3 ,if y plant a tree six feet high1 y are sure ( hav+ a tree !re4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i believe ,dr4 ,kellogg is ab\t ready n[1 & we w he> f ,dr4 ,kellogg :om y are all acqua9t$ )4 ,,! ,,soy ,,bean ,,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,,battle ,,creek1 ,,mi*igan ,x is evid5t t ! live /ock indu/ry is %rivel+ up4 ,! live/ock inhabitants ( ! c\ntry--! pigs1 %eep & cattle--are mu* small] 9 population at ! pres5t "t ?an !y 7 tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s ago1 & are gett+ small] all ! "t4 ,! price ( meat is high & is go+ to cont9ue to climb4 ,x is away out ( rea* ( ! av]age labor+ man ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 ,i he>d ,dr4 ,*>ley ,mayo say at a cl9ic n long ago t meat is s high he c\ld n af=d to eat x & he didn't see h[ anybody c\ld2 & z a matt] ( fact1 he didn't ne$ x anyh[1 & s we c\ld easily get along )\t x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 z ,mr4 ,bill said "s ye>s ago x is n really s mu* ! high co/ ( liv+ z x is ! co/ ( high liv+2 & ! use ( meat is su* an extravagant & exp5sive ?+ x is v important t p %\ld "k h[ to get along )\t meat4 ,! exp]im5t]s ( ! agricultural exp]im5t /ations h %[n u t x takes ?irty-?ree p\nds ( dry dige/ible food sub/ance to make "o p\nd ( beef--#ca or #cb p\nds to make a p\nd ( beef1 & #cc or #cd p\nds to make a p\nd ( mutton4 ,sev5 p\nds ( dige/ible food sub/ance w make a p\nd ( dry milk4 ,s we c readily see t !re is an enorm\s wa/e ( food/uff4 ,only ab\t t5 p] c5t ( ! corn rais$ is us$ = fe$+ human be+s4 ,! re/ is f$ to animals & a l>ge "p ( x is wa/$4 ,s x is exce$+ly important1 x seems to me1 t ?is nut indu/ry %\ld be enc\rag$ 9 e way4 ,a half million acres ( nut trees well advanc$ & produc+ w\ld produce all ( ! fat & m dige/ible fat1 & all ! prote9 & m dige/ible prote91 ?an we are n[ us+ 9 ! entire c\ntry4 ,we are produc+ m ?an en\gh food 9 corn & o!r food/uffs to fe$ ne>ly ?ree times our pres5t population1 & mo/ ( x is wa/$ 9 ! en]gy :i* ! hog1 ! /e] & o!r animals use up 9 runn+ ar\nd & keep+ w>m4 ,t is :]e ! great loss comes4 ,9 nuts we h a *oice food/uff z dige/ible z any o!r food/uff1 & ,pr(4 ,torrey & ,pr(4 ,m5del & o!rs :o h rec5tly made exp]im5ts h %[n t ! prote9 ( ! nut & ! prote9 ( vegetables 9 g5]al is n s putrescible z ! prote9 ( meats4 ,!re are good reasons = x4 ,x does n und]go putrefaction s readily any way1 & besides meat c>ries along ) x ! bact]ia :i* produce putrefaction4 ,meat is ! fil?ie/ ?+ t goes ^u our tables4 ,if ! numb] ( bact]ia 9 milk 0 z great z ! numb] ( bact]ia 9 meat1 nobody w\ld ?9k ( eat+ x4 ,if ! bact]ia 9 wat] 7 z num]\s z 9 milk1 no "o w\ld be will+ to dr9k ! wat]4 ,x is a v curi\s ?+ t we p]mit 9 milk & 9 meat a condition ( ?+s we w\ld n tol]ate 9 air or wat] = a mom5t4 ,e morsel ( meat a p]son eats conta9s "s billions ( ! bact]ia ( ! v wor/ sort4 ,bact]ia f\nd 9 meat are ^? :i* produce colitis1 app5dicitis1 abscesses ( ! tee? & diseas$ conditions ( ! tonsils4 ,!y pr$ispose to a good _m infecti\s diseases ( ! inte/9e1 & no d\bt pr$ispose to canc]4 ,x is pretty well e/abli%$ at ! pres5t "t t canc] is a disease ( meat eat+ m5 & animals4 ,ab\t "o c[ 9 fifty has canc]1 :]eas e sev5? dog tak5 to a hospital sick is f\nd to h canc]4 ,dr4 ,mayo rec5tly ga!r$ "s /ati/ics on ?is matt]1 & he told me & "s o!r doctors t dogs "u eight ye>s ( age1 e f\r? "o has canc]2 e ?ird "o ( dogs t5 ye>s ( age has canc]1 & half ( all ! dogs ov] twelve ye>s ( age h canc] & w\ld die ( x if left to !mselves4 ,^! /atem5ts 7 bas$ on laboratory animals t 7 kill$ :5 !y 7 well & n sick1 s ! obs]vation ought to be fairly reliable4 ,i 0 to say p>ticul>ly a few words ab\t ! soy bean4 ,i am n go+ to try to tell y v mu* ab\t x1 because ,i d n "k v mu* ab\t x4 ,if y want to le>n all ab\t x1 y c easily d s by writ+ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,morse1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #igc1 "o ( ! v be/ on ?is subject1 tells all ab\t ! culture ( ?is exce$+ly useful legume4 ,! soy bean is really ! beef/eak ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,9 ^? ori5tal c\ntries1 soy beans h be5 us$ = c5turies4 ,x is m ne>ly l a nut ?an a bean4 ,p]haps ,i bett] %[ y ! pictures fir/1 & !n h ! curta9s rais$ s we c get a bett] inspection ( ! beans4 ,! composition ( ! soy bean is v rem>kably diff]5t f t ( ! ord9>y bean4 ,x conta9s =ty p] c5t ( fat1 on ! av]age & ab\t =ty p] c5t ( prote9--sometimes m ?an =ty p] c5t4 ,! prote9 is sixty p] c5t m ?an 9 our be/ ord9>y foods2 & ! fat is five or six times z mu* z t f\nd 9 ! ord9>y bean4 ,a ?\s& diff]5t v>ieties ( ! soy bean h be5 ga!r$ by ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton4 ,five hundr$ ( ^! v>ieties h be5 te/$1 & ?irty or =ty ( !m h be5 f\nd to be adapt$ to ?is c\ntry1 & v useful4 ,y c see 9 ?is picture ! great mass ( pods to be f\nd gr[+ on ! plant4 ,?is slide %[s h[ unusually well !y gr[ 9 ! field4 ,y c see ! pods scatt]$ all ?r\gh ! plant4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! foliage is made up ( pods4 ,?is is "o ( our own fields ( ! beans t we rais$ ?is ye>4 ,x is r difficult to raise ! bean 9 ?is latitude1 because x requires a long "t to mature4 ,x requires ab\t #aaj days = "s v>ieties4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 a v>iety we rais$ "h t we got f ! agricultural dep>tm5t ( ,ont>io4 ,we f\nd x matur$ v well inde$ 9 #abj days4 ,we plant$ ! bean "h ! fir/ week 9 ,may & h>ve/$ x ! fir/ week 9 ,septemb]2 s its season 0 ab\t #abj days4 ,i f\nd ?is p>ticul> bean 0 new to ! agricultural dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton1 & h s5t !m "s ( ! se$1 & ,i ?9k !y are go+ to make "s trial ( x4 ,?is is a view ( a field ( ! ,hahto v>iety :i* is a p>ticul>ly f9e v>iety = use z a %ell$ bean4 ,9 ,*9a ! soy bean is v little us$ z we use beans4 ,!y d n cook ! bean & eat x z we d2 b in/ead !y make x into a *eese :i* !y call t(u1 & ?is *eese is made by soak+ ! beans1 gr9d+ !m into a pulp1 !n boil+ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes ) ab\t five volumes ( wat]2 !n ! milky mass is precipitat$ ) sulphate ( magnesia or citric acid1 a v small am\nt because !y use x z a curd4 ,i h "h a sample ( ! curd :i* ,i w pass ar\nd 9 a mom5t = y to see4 ,?is picture %[s ?is curd press$ 9 l>ge cakes4 ,! soy bean curd is /or$ on wood5 trays 9 a d>k room4 ,x is also /or$ 9 l>ge e>!n j>s4 ,!y cure x & make *eese out ( x :i* v closely resembles our ,am]ican milk *eese4 ,!y also use ! beans = spr\t+4 ,! bean lacks only two ?+s4 ,x lacks lime & ! fat-soluble vitam9es4 ,x conta9s a consid]able am\nt ( ! fat-soluble vitam9es4 ,x is "o ( ! v few se$s t is f\nd to conta9 a suffici5t am\nt ( ! fat-soluble vitam9e to promote gr[?1 s t animals w gr[ & develop normally on ! bean alone )\t any o!r sort ( fat-soluble vitam9e4 ,if ! bean is spr\t$1 a l>ge am\nt ( ?is fat-soluble vitam9e is produc$ by ! plant itself4 ,?is is also f\nd to be a valuable means ( prev5t+ scurvy--by spr\t+ ! beans 9 ?is way & us+ ! spr\ts z a salad4 ,! spr\ts are us$ z a gre5 vegetable4 ,x is an easy way ( gett+ gre5 vegetables at any season ( ! ye>4 ,x takes ! place ( ord9>y gre5s4 ,"h is a c\rty>d full ( pots 9 :i* ! f]m5t$ soy beans are plac$4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ s*eme !y h = mak+ a sub/itute = meat extract4 ,by ?is means !y prep>e an extract :i* closely resembles extract ( beef4 ,9 fact1 x is r a f9] flavor$ product ?an meat extracts4 ,x is made by fir/ cook+ ! beans1 spread+ !m out 9 ! y>d on trays & all[+ a fungus to gr[1 & aft] two or ?ree weeks ! :ole mass is put into pots ( br9e 9 ! y>d & all[$ to rema9 !re = a ye> or m1 & at ! end ( t "t ! br9e has become soy sauce4 ,?is %[s a mass ( soy roots4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ x might be v useful to nut gr[]s z a means ( f]tiliz+ ! soil1 a crop :i* w f]tilize ! soil = ! trees & at ! same "t give a valuable return = ! labor & exp5se4 ,! little nodules on ! roots are v num]\s & %[ well "h4 ,!y produce nitrog51 conc5trat$ nitrog5 f ! air z d ! nodules on ! roots ( alfalfa4 ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican rec5tly /at$ t ! soy bean is "o ( ! mo/ promis+ ( vegetables4 ,x provides food = man & bea/4 ,giv5 en\gh soy beans & grant$ ! art ( prep>+ !m s t !y might be s]v$ z food hav+ suffici5t div]sity & palatabl5ess1 nei!r meat nor fi% nor fat w\ld be ne$$4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,g]mans did n prep>e = w>4 ,if !y _h _h ! soy bean indu/ry well develop$ x might h help$ !m ?r\gh1 & ! map ( ! _w might h be5 s]i\sly *ang$ f :at x n[ is4 ,i ?9k "o ( ! f9e/ ( ! soy beans is ! ,hahto v>iety4 ,!y gr[ "o or two 9 a pod4 ,i saw "s ( ^! beans 9 ! m>ket 9 ,j]usalem =ty ye>s ago4 ,:5 ab\t ?ree qu>t]s gr[n & us$ z %ell$ beans !y are exce$+ly palatable4 ,if at ! d9n] table today y w call = a soy bean omelet1 y w be q surpris$4 ,dr4 ,morris tri$ x ?is morn+ & 0 k9d en\gh to say x 0 ! f9e/ he ev] ate4 ,! soy bean is ! be/ ( a l>ge "p ( ! cook]y ( ! ori5t4 ,we h be5 introduc+ x "h ! la/ few mon?s1 & x is v palatable1 v dige/ible1 & our pati5ts l x v mu*4 ,if y are int]e/$ 9 ! soy bean1 write1 to ,w4 ,j4 ,morse1 or to ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 & !y w give y a lot ( int]e/+ in=mation ab\t x4 ,9 />t+ ! plant+ ( ! bean1 x is necess>y to inoculate ! soil z 9 ! />t+ ( a plant+ ( alfalfa4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,bixby has prep>$ a pap] on ,judg+ ,nuts :i* !re is n n[ "t = him to read4 ,x w be ins]t$ 9 ! proce$+s at ?is po9t4 ,,judg+ ,,nuts ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,,baldw91 ,,nassau ,,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,t !re are diff]5ces 9 nuts is app>5t to ev]ybody4 ,! select+ ( ! be/ nuts out ( a lot ( two or ?ree usually pres5ts no difficulty1 &1 :5 ! numb] ( nuts to be judg$ am\nts to a doz5 or s1 x is g5]ally possible to pick out ! be/1 b1 :5 "o has be=e him nuts f sev]al hundr$ trees1 ! problem becomes a v diff]5t "o1 & ! p]son :o tries to pick out ! be/ f su* a lot soon becomes aw>e ( 8 own limitations4 ,if1 9 addition1 he has suffici5t respect = consi/5cy to try to be s exact 9 8 judgm5t z to be able to g ov] a l>ge lot ( nuts today1 we w say1 & sev]al mon?s h5ce g ov] ! same lot aga9 & r5d] ! same v]dict on ea* "o ( !m1 he w d\btless give ! matt] up z an impossibility1 & yet t is j :at is want$ & expect$ ( ^? :o judge ! nuts :i* are s5t 9 to ! annual conte/s1 :i* conte/s h result$ 9 br++ to ! att5tion ( ! nut gr[+ _w ! nuts ( s _m f9e trees4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s 9 be+ "o ( ! judges :o pass$ on ! nuts :i* 7 s5t 9 to ! conte/s conv9c$ me1 almo/ at ! />t1 ( ! desirability ( gett+ me?ods :]e x w\ld be possible to g ov] a l>ge lot ( nuts n[ & sev]al mon?s h5ce1 & r5d] ! same v]dict on ea* "o ( !m1 b n[ h[ to d x 0 n at fir/ app>5t1 & ! me?ods = do+ x :i* w be outl9$ are ! results ( mu* "w1 _m attempts1 & ! disc>d+ ( _m ( ! me?ods tri$4 ,consid]+ ! me?ods us$ 9 judg+ fruit1 animals & f[l has help$ to "s ext5t1 b ?is assi/ance did n g f>4 ,! beg9n+ ( improv$ me?ods ( judg+ any ( ! above1 is ! e/abli%m5t ( a score c>d1 z x is call$1 :i* is no?+ m ?an an enum]ation ( ! *>act]i/ics & a decision z to ! relative value ( ea* "o4 ,usually ! values assign$ to ea* *>act]i/ic are su* t :5 add$ up ! total w be #ajj po9ts4 ,score c>ds ( ?is "* are 9 g5]al use4 ,! fir/ attempt to make a score c>d = use 9 judg+ ! nuts to :i* ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association gives its att5tion1 s s f> z ,i am aw>e1 0 t ( a committee ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 :i* report$ at ! ,fif? ,annual ,meet+ at ,evansville1 ,ind41 #aiad1 & :i* report w be f\nd on page #bj ( ! report ( t meet+4 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake 0 *airman ( ! committee4 ,! score c>d = butt]nuts1 black walnuts & hickories :i* x recomm5d$ is not$ bel[3 ,g5]al ,values ,po9ts ,size #aj ,=m #e ,color #e ,%ell ,values ,?9ness #ae ,crack+ #bj ,k]nel ,values ,color #aj ,plumpness #e ,flavor #aj ,quality #bj ,total #ajj ,?is score c>d has s]v$ z a basis = all ! "w t has be5 done 9 judg+ nuts s9ce t "w has l>gely fall5 to me4 ,x 0 e>ly f\nd desirable1 h[ev]1 to *ange ! score c>d 9 "o or two respects1 & x has s9ce be5 *ang$ two or ?ree times z ! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 judg+ nuts saw x 0 desirable4 ,! score c>d n[ 9 use is not$ bel[3 ,g5]al ,values ,weight #aj ,=m #e ,color #e ,%ell ,values ,husk+ ,quality #e ,?9ness #aj ,crack+ ,quality #bj ,k]nel ,values ,color #e ,proportion ( k]nel #bj ,quality & ,flavor #bj ,total #ajj ,! fir/ "t "o attempts to judge a l>ge numb] ( nuts :e!r ) ! aid ( su* a score c>d z t propos$ by ,pr(4 ,lake's ,committee or )\t x1 he gets into practical difficulties at once4 ,^! difficulties are n ) ! score c>d b 9 its use4 ,take = example ! *>act]i/ic1 size1 ! fir/ "o on ,pr(4 ,lake's score c>d4 ,h[ c a p]son tell f ! nuts ( a hundr$ hickory trees :i* is ! l>ge/ & :i* is ! smalle/ & :i* are int]m$iate2 9 %ort h[ c he arrange !m 9 ord] ( size1 ! l>ge/ at "o end ( ! l9e & ! smalle/ at ! o!r ) a uni=m graduation 9 betwe54 ,anyone :o tries to d su* a ?+ quickly f9ds t x is impossible to d ?is correctly if "o has only 8 eye to aid him 9 det]m9+ size4 ,! inability to d s quickly becomes app>5t if a p]son tries to arrange su* a lot ( nuts 9 ord] ( size at "o "t & !n sev]al days lat] tries to arrange ! same lot ( nuts 9 ord] ( size aga94 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t !y w n get arrang$ ! same bo? times4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! nuts are usually s m9ute1 &1 :at is m important1 ! difficulties ( correctly e/imat+ size by ! eye alone are s great t x is practically impossible to d x4 ,an exp]t on ?is po9t c d x ( c\rse mu* bett] ?an "o :o is n1 b ev5 ! exp]t is only too well aw>e ( 8 limitations & ( ! impossibility ( prop]ly do+ ! above4 ,! same difficulty is app>5t ) e *>act]i/ic on ! li/ & :ile judg+ by exp]ts ) ! aid ( a score c>d1 is1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! me?od us$ 9 judg+ fruit1 f>m animals1 p\ltry1 etc41 ! crud5ess ( ?is me?od is only too evid5t to ! exp]ts !mselves4 ,two or ?ree ye>s ago x seem$ v f> inf]ior to :at actually measur+ ^! *>act]i/ics w\ld be1 al?\gh su* measurem5t at fir/ seem$ difficult1 n to say almo/ impossible4 ,mu* "w has be5 done on ?is1 & x is v gratify+ to say t ?is measurem5t has be5 f\nd possible to an ext5t t 0 n dream$ ( be=e ! "w 0 />t$4 ,be=e outl9+ ! me?ods work$ out to d ?is a little discussion w be giv5 on ,pr(4 ,lake's score c>d1 ! *>act]i/ics :i* x po9t$ out1 & ! reason %[n = *ang+ "s ( !m4 ,size is a *>act]i/ic :i* is app>5t to ev]yone1 yet ! actual measurem5t ( size 9 ! case ( a l>ge lot ( nuts pres5ts difficulties :i* seem practically insurm\ntable4 ,a s]i\s attempt 0 made to measure ! l5g?1 bread? & height ( ! nuts exam9$ & gauges 7 made :i* %\ld d ?is exactly & quickly4 ,^! 7 f9ely disc>d$ & ! *>act]i/ic weight adopt$ 9 place ( size4 ,?is has to q an ext5t replac$ size 9 consid]+ f>m products4 ,:5 we us$ to buy potatoes by ! bu%el we us$ to get a bu%el basket full1 n[ we get ! legal weight ( a bu%el ( potatoes & in/ances ( ?is k9d might be multipli$ almo/ indef9itely4 ,:ile weight & size are n exactly ! same ?+1 yet !y are s to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! case ( a giv5 commodity1 su* z nuts ( "o species1 & weight c be accurately & rapidly det]m9$4 ,plumpness is ano!r *>act]i/ic :i* we all und]/& z f> z ! diff]5ce betwe5 a nut ) a plump well fill$ k]nel is conc]n$1 & "o ) a %rivel$ up k]nel1 b :5 x comes to arrang+ ! k]nels ( a lot ( nuts 9 ord] ( _! plumpness1 ! "o :o tries to d x becomes ready to give up be=e he really gets />t$4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! ratio ( ! weight ( k]nel to ! weight ( ! entire nut :i* is t]m$ proportion ( k]nel 0 nev] l>ge 9 ! case ( a nut ) %rivel$ k]nel4 ,x 0 small 9 ! case ( a nut ) a ?ick %ell & a plump well fill$ k]nel1 b1 z /at$ above x 0 nev] l>ge 9 ! case ( a nut ) a %rivel$ k]nel & a good deal ( "w on ! subject conv9c$ me t ! *>act]i/ic proportion ( k]nel c\ld be v well sub/itut$ = plumpness4 ,!re seem$ at ! pres5t "t little use = sep>at+ flavor & quality z !re seem$ to be "s "q z to :at 0 int5d$ by ! t]ms sep>ately & s !y 7 consid]$ toge!r4 ,i w\ld l to /ate "h t little consid]ation has s f> be5 giv5 z to :e!r ! numb] ( po9ts aw>d$ = ea* *>act]i/ic are su* z to cause ! nut t w ultimately be consid]$ ( mo/ value comm]cially to get ! fir/ prize or n4 ,! score c>d ( ,pr(4 ,lake's seem$ s good t x 0 ?\ght f> m important at pres5t to develop me?ods ( measur+ ^! *>act]i/ics4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ! nuts s5t 9 to ! conte/s1 x 0 ?\ght1 w\ld po9t out mo/ p>ts ( ! score c>d :]e improvem5t c\ld be made1 & ?is has already prov$ to be s to a consid]able ext5t4 ,! me?ods ( quantitatively measur+ ! diff]5t *>act]i/ics & det]m9+ ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = ea* w be outl9$ "o at a "t4 ,,weight3 ,?is is det]m9$ by an accurate scale1 "o weigh+ to #a_/aj gram 0 us$1 & ! same scale 0 us$ directly or indirectly = det]m9+ six out ( ! n9e *>act]i/ics consid]$4 ,9 det]m9+ weight1 five av]age nuts 7z f> z c\ld be det]m9$ by appe>ance7 7 weigh$ & ! av]age weight det]m9$4 ,hav+ at h& ! weights ( ! l>ge/ & smalle/ nuts ( ! species "u exam9ation1 ! l>ge/ nut 0 aw>d$ #aj po9ts & ! smalle/ #j & ! nuts ( int]m$iate weight 7 aw>d$ int]m$iate figures4 ,! me?od ( do+ ?is w be/ be se5 by tak+ a specific in/ance e4 g4 ! ,lutz black walnut1 ! av]age weight ( :i* is #bf4d;g4 ,! ,alley black walnut1 ! av]age weight ( :i* is #aj4j;g is ! smalle/ good black walnut :i* has come to our att5tion1 :ile ! ,armkne*t black walnut :i* weighs #bh4i;g is ! l>ge/ "o ( :i* we "k4 ,! ,armkne*t black walnut w\ld be aw>d$ #aj po9ts = weight & ! ,alley #j po9ts & a table w\ld be made up = use 9 det]m9+ ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = int]m$iate weights z not$ bel[3 ,,black ,,walnuts--,,weight ,heavie/ ,armkne*t #bh4i grams2 ,lighte/ ,alley #aj4j grams4 ,weight ( nut4 ,po9ts4 #bh grams & less ?an #cj grams #aj #bf #bh #i #bd #bf #h #bb #bd #f #bj #bb #e #ah #bj #d #af #ah #c #ad #af #b #ab #ad #a #aj #ab #j ,aft] ! av]age weight ( five nuts ( a giv5 v>iety has be5 det]m9$1 an inspection ( ! table %[s at a glance ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = weight1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ! ,lutz ,black walnut1 is #i4 ,9 case a nut %\ld be ent]$ :i* 0 v mu* l>g] or small] ?an provid$ =1 ! table c be ext5d$ = use tempor>ily4 ,! table1 h[ev]1 %\ld be revis$ be=e be+ us$ ! next ye>4 ,= example1 _h a nut come 9 weigh+ #cj4e grams ?is might h be5 aw>d$ #aa po9ts1 & _h "o weigh+ #h4e grams come 9 ?is w\ld h be5 aw>d$-#a po9t 9 ord] to give ea* nut full cr$it1 = excell5ce 9 size or to p5alize x = lack ( x4 ,x w be notic$ t by ! me?od outl9$ ! size ( a nut is det]m9$ exactly & ! same numb] ( po9ts = size 7or weight7 w\ld be aw>d$ today1 next week1 next mon?1 or next ye>1 b>r+ ( c\rse real *anges1 e4 g4 ^? caus$ by actual loss ( moi/ure1 etc4 ,,=m3 ,x 0 only rec5tly t a me?od ( measur+ ?is *>act]i/ic has be5 sugge/$ & ?is has be5 tri$ out only exp]im5tally4 ,by =m is meant attractive appe>+ %ape :i* has be5 held to be abs5ce ( holl[s1 ridges1 angles1 etc4 ,a r\nd1 smoo? nut w\ld be held to h p]fect =m 9 di/9ction f nuts t are r\gh & full ( ridges or edges4 ,! only me?od ( measur+ t has be5 sugge/$ & :i* x is believ$ w "w out satisfactorily is to fir/ select an av]age nut & weigh1 !n fill up ! holl[s 9 ! surface ( ! nut ) wax j cov]+ ! ridges till ! surface is smoo?1 & weigh4 ,?is w give ! weight ( ! nut plus ! weight ( ! wax ne$$ to fill up ! holl[s on ! surface4 ,z ! specific gravity ( ! wax is #d_/e t ( ! nut ! figure actually us$ is weight ( nut plus #e_/d weight ( ! wax1 :i* gives ! weight ( a nut ( ! size ( ! sample ) ! holl[s 9 ! %ell fill$ up or ! weight ( a nut ( p]fect =m ( ! size ( ! sample4 ,! measurem5t ( =m is !n ! weight ( ! av]age nut divid$ by ! weight ( a nut ( ! same size ( p]fect %ape1 t is )\t holl[s or ridges4 ,a measurem5t ( =m ( a black walnut gave ! foll[+3 ,weight ( nut #bb4e grams ,weight ( nut & wax #bd4f ,weight ( wax #b4a ,weight ( #e-d wax #b4f ,weight ( nut & #e-d wax #be4a ,=m #bb4ebe4ahi4g ,:5 a nut has p]fect =m !re w be no holl[s to fill & no wax w be ne$$ & ! weight ( nut & #e_/d ( ! wax w be ! same z ! weight ( ! nut & !re=e its =m figure w be #ajj4 ,! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = any measurem5t ( =m w\ld be det]m9$ by mak+ up a table z 0 made up = aw>d+ po9ts = weight1 b su* a table _c be made up till aft] an exam9ation ( =m values = a l>ge numb] ( nuts4 ,?is w be done lat]4 ,,color3 ,! color ( %ell 0 measur$ by mak+ up samples ( wat] colors ( all gradations ( color betwe5 ! lighte/ %ell & ! d>ke/4 ,f ^!1 five 7 select$ z %[+ 9 five /eps ! diff]5ces not$1 ! lighte/ be+ m>k$ #e1 ! next #d & s on d[n to ! d>ke/ :i* 0 m>k$ #j4 ,) ^! color /&>ds 9 front ( ! "o judg+1 x 0 only necess>y to take ! nut to be judg$ & lay x on ! /&>ds ( color & ! figure on ! %ade :i* ! nut mo/ ne>ly mat*$ 0 ! figure aw>d$ = color4 ,,husk+ ,,quality3 ,?is repres5ts ! ease ) :i* ! husk c be remov$4 ,9 view ( ! well kn[n fact t husks ( all nuts d n come (f ) equal facility ! ne$ ( su* is app>5t4 ,its measurem5t w be ! proportion ( husk remov$ by a /&>d husk+ op]ation4 ,,?9ness ,,( ,,%ell3 ,?is 0 measur$ by provid+ a means = br++ two metal surfaces toge!r1 keep+ !m always p>allel4 ,! nut to be crack$ 0 plac$ betwe5 ^! surfaces & an arrangem5t ( scale lev]s provid$ s t ! pressure ex]t$ on ! nut c\ld be weigh$4 ,! surfaces 7 br\ght toge!r till ! nut 0 crack$ & ! pressure requir$ 0 not$4 ,?is measures ! ?9ness ( ! %ell or m prop]ly ! /r5g? ( ! %ell1 ! weake/ %ell ( c\rse be+ ! "o t takes ! lea/ pressure to crack4 ,?is pressure 0 measur$ 9 kilograms = by do+ s x 0 possible to utilize "s /ock app>atus4 ,aft] ! pressure requir$ to crack has be5 not$ a ref]5ce to ! table bel[ w tell ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$4 ,we w take = an example ! ! same nut z tak5 to illu/rate weight e4 g4 ! ,lutz black walnut ^: av]age crack+ pressure is #cabkg & :i* !re=e w\ld be aw>d$ #b po9ts = ?9ness ( %ell4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld be /at$ t ?is table w\ld seem n to be made out on ! plan foll[$ h]et(ore by tak+ ! ?9ne/ %ell$ nut ( :i* we "k1 ! ,alley1 z ! l[ limit ( ! table4 ,:ile ! ,alley black walnut takes ! lea/ crack+ pressure ( any we "k :i* we c id5tify z f a p>ticul> tree1 "o black walnut 0 crack$ :i* ,i believe came f ! ,t5 ,eyck tree :i* _h a crack+ pressure bel[ #hjkg & h5ce ! table 0 made ( suffici5t ext5t to include ?is4 ,x is my int5tion to get additional ,t5 ,eyck nuts ?is ye> & *eck ! matt] up4 ,,black ,,walnuts--,,?9ness ,,( ,,%ell ,weight requir$ to crack3 ,?9ne/1 ,alley #aajkg2 ?icke/1 ,triplett #cdhkg4 ,weight 9 kg4 ,po9ts #ej & less ?an #hj #aj #hj & less ?an #aaj #i #aaj & less ?an #adj #h #agj & less ?an #bjj #f #bjj & less ?an #bcj #e #bcj & less ?an #bfj #d #bfj & less ?an #bij #c #bij & less ?an #cbj #b #cbj & less ?an #cej #a #cej & less ?an #chj #j ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,transcrib]s note3 po9t #g 0 miss+ 9 ! orig9al4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,crack+ ,,quality3 ,?is *>act]i/ic is p]haps ! "o :i* seems to mo/ p ! mo/ difficult to measure1 b1 :ile x 0 "s "t be=e me?ods ( measur+ x did occur to anyone1 its measurem5t is effect$ v easily4 ,9 crack+ nuts a "p ( ! k]nel w usually drop "r out1 "s times x is a l>ge "p1 occasionally all1 & sometimes x is b a small portion4 ,a p]fect crack] is "o :]e ! entire k]nel drops out aft] crack+4 ,?is w\ld h #ajj crack+ quality4 ,:5 #d_/e ( ! k]nel drops out aft] crack+ & ! rema9+ #a_/e c be extract$ only by recrack+ or by pick+ out1 ! nut is said to h #hj crack+ quality4 ,9 o!r words1 ! crack+ quality is ! ratio ( ! weight ( ! k]nel :i* drops out aft] crack+ to ! entire k]nel4 ,! op]ations ( det]m9+ crack+ quality 9 practice are fir/1 select+ five av]age nuts2 second1 crack+ !m & weigh+ ! "p ( ! k]nels :i* drop out aft] crack+2 ?ird1 extract+ ! balance ( ! k]nels & gett+ ! weight ( all ! k]nels2 f\r?1 divid+ ! weight ( ! "p ( ! k]nels :i* drop out aft] crack+ by ! total weight ( ! k]nels1 & ! result is ! crack+ quality4 ,aft] an exam9ation ( ! figures ( a l>ge numb] ( nuts1 ! table bel[ 0 made up f :i* ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = any giv5 crack+ quality is readily obta9$4 ,tak+ ! ,lutz black walnut z an example aga9 we f9d t ! weight ( ! k]nels :i* dropp$ out aft] crack+ 0 #bd grams :ile ! total weight ( k]nels 0 #cb4e grams :i* gives a crack+ quality ( #gc4h :i* w\ld be aw>d$ #ac po9ts = crack+ quality4 ,,black ,,walnuts--,,crack+ ,,quality ,p]c5tage ( k]nel t drops out aft] crack+4 ,highe/1 ,alley#d1 #ajj2 ,l[e/1 ,butl]1 #bb4i4 ,crack+ ,quality4 ,po9ts4 #ajj #bj #if & all high] p]c5tages "u #ajj #ai #ib & all high] p]c5tages "u #if #ah #hh & all high] p]c5tages "u #ib #ag #hd & all high] p]c5tages "u #hh #af #hj & all high] p]c5tages "u #hd #ae #gf & all high] p]c5tages "u #hj #ad #gb & all high] p]c5tages "u #gf #ac #fh & all high] p]c5tages "u #gb #ab #fd & all high] p]c5tages "u #fh #aa #fj & all high] p]c5tages "u #fd #aj #ef & all high] p]c5tages "u #fj #i #eb & all high] p]c5tages "u #ef #h #dh & all high] p]c5tages "u #eb #g #dd & all high] p]c5tages "u #dh #f #dj & all high] p]c5tages "u #dd #e #cf & all high] p]c5tages "u #dj #d #cb & all high] p]c5tages "u #cf #c #bh & all high] p]c5tages "u #cb #b #bd & all high] p]c5tages "u #bh #a #bj & all high] p]c5tages "u #bd #j ,,color ,,( ,,k]nel3 ,?is is det]m9$ 9 ! same way z ! color ( ! %ell by comp>+ ) a /&>d color scale1 & ! /ep ( ! scale ^: color mo/ ne>ly mat*es ! color ( ! k]nel be+ exam9$ gives ! figure to be aw>d$4 ,,proportion ,,( ,,k]nel3 ,?is is ! ratio ( ! weight ( ! k]nels ( five av]age nuts to ! entire weight ( su* av]age nuts4 ,aft] ?is has be5 det]m9$ a comp>ison ) ! table bel[ :i* 0 made up aft] an exam9ation ( ! proportion ( k]nel ( a l>ge numb] ( nuts1 ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ is readily det]m9$4 ,if we take = example ! ,lutz black walnuts aga9 we f9d ! weight ( five av]age nuts #acb4j grams & ! weight ( ! k]nels ( ^! nuts #cb4e grams :i* gives = ! proportion ( k]nel #bd4j :i* w\ld be aw>d$ #h po9ts4 ,,black ,,walnuts--,,proportion ,,( ,,k]nel ,ratio ( weight ( k]nel to weight ( entire nut 7)\t husk7 ,highe/1 ,t5 ,eyck #cf4d2 ,l[e/1 ,seefeldt1 #af4 ,p]c5t ( ,k]nel4 ,po9ts #cf & less ?an #cg #bj #ce & less ?an #cf #ai #cd & less ?an #ce #ah #cc & less ?an #cd #ag #cb & less ?an #cc #af #ca & less ?an #cb #ae #cj & less ?an #ca #ad #bi & less ?an #cj #ac #bh & less ?an #bi #ab #bg & less ?an #bh #aa #bf & less ?an #bg #aj #be & less ?an #bf #i #bd & less ?an #be #h #bc & less ?an #bd #g #bb & less ?an #bc #f #ba & less ?an #bb #e #bj & less ?an #ba #d #ai & less ?an #bj #c #ah & less ?an #ai #b #ag & less ?an #ah #a #af & less ?an #ag #j ,,quality ,,& ,,flavor3 ,absolutely no progress has s f> be5 made 9 measur+ ?is *>act]i/ic or m correctly ^! *>act]i/ics =1 /rictly speak+1 !re are a numb] ( !m in/ead ( "o & ! only me?od available at pres5t is ta/+ by exp]ts4 ,x is v mu* to be desir$ t me?ods = measur+ ?is be work$ out & sev]al l9es on :i* to "w 9 ord] to accompli% x h be5 ?\ght ( b z yet no def9ite progress has be5 made4 ,:ile ! *>act]i/ic z yet unmeasur$ is "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ difficult ev5 = exp]ts to e/imate correctly :5 !re are l>ge numb]s ( nuts to be exam9$1 ! fact t x is possible to measure ! o!r eight is a matt] ( a good deal ( satisfaction & ?is satisfaction is ! great] because ) ! me?ods t h be5 work$ out x is possible = any ord9>ily c>eful p]son to d ! "w ab\t z well z x is = an exp]t &1 z ! "w ( judg+ a l>ge numb] ( nuts is v consid]able1 ! elim9ation ( a l>ge "p ( ! ne$ = exp]t s]vices is v gratify+4 ,! s]vices = example ( su* exp]ts z ,dr4 ,morris & ,capt4 ,dem+ are obta9able only occasionally & = a %ort p]iod4 ,n[ t ! nuts s5t 9 are rapidly increas+1 x w\ld h be5 impossible to h h&l$ ! conte/s )\t "s improvem5ts 9 ! me?ods us$4 ,:ile ! same score c>d has be5 us$ = butt]nuts1 black walnuts1 & hickories x seem+ly c be us$ q well = ,engli% walnuts1 ,japan walnuts & pecans also1 9 %ort1 = all nuts belong+ to ! botanical family ,jugl&aceae & p]haps = hazels4 ,sep>ate ones w evid5tly be requir$ = bee*nuts1 & *e/nuts4 ,! tables = det]m9+ ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ = a giv5 value ( any *>act]i/ic are likely to v>y = ea* species4 ,inasmu* z !re are f\rte5 species ( hickories exclusive ( ! pecan t h to be consid]$ & app>5tly ev5 m species ( walnuts n to m5tion bee*nuts1 *e/nuts & hazels1 "o might ?9k t ne>ly #ajj tables w\ld be requir$4 ,a /udy ( ! matt]1 h[ev]1 has %[n t ! numb] really ne$$ is v mu* less1 & ! m t nuts are exam9$ ! m x seems possible to make "o table answ] = a numb] ( species & h ! numb] ( po9ts a nut receives indicate to a c]ta9 ext5t its value z a nut to gr[1 & n simply ! value ( a giv5 v>iety ( a c]ta9 species4 ,! hickories & ! walnuts require a ^w 9 pass+4 ,!re are at lea/ n9e species ( hickory ei!r native 9 ! nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates or t w gr[ !re & x is q possible t fur!r /udy ( ! hickories w add to ?is numb]4 ,sev5 ( ^! belong to ! scale bud class1 ,euc>ya1 ! %agb>k1 ,c>ya ovata1 ! %ellb>k1 ,c>ya lac9iosa1 ! scaly b>k1 ,c>ya ,c>ol9ae-sept5trionalis1 ! mock]nut1 ,c>ya alba1 & ! close-b>k pignut1 ,c>ya glabra1 ! loose-b>k pignut1 ,c>ya-ovalis1 & ! pallid hickory1 ,c>ya pallida2 :ile two belong to ! op5 bud class1 ,apoc>ya1 ! pecan1 ,c>ya pecan1 & ! bitt]nut1 ,c>ya cordi=mis4 ,hybrids betwe5 _m ( ^! species are f\nd occurr+ naturally & seem+ly hybrids betwe5 any two are possible1 & ! fact ( _m ( !m be+ hybrids is n evid5t on an inspection ( ! nuts4 ,x is a notewor?y fact t q a proportion ( f9e hickories t are be+ propagat$ are evid5tly hybrids & ! numb] ( our f9e hickories :i* are evid5tly hybrids increases z !y are /udi$ m c>efully4 ,9 _m ways x w\ld be desirable 9 ! conte/ to (f] prizes = ! be/ nuts ( ea* species ( hickories1 b ! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! species f ! nut alone1 & ! fact ( su* a proportion ( our f9e/ nuts be+ hybrids is suffici5t to disc\rage ! attempt4 ,:at 0 done 9 ! #aiah conte/1 & :at w\ld seem to be ! be/ ?+ t c be done is to (f] ! prizes = hickory nuts simply4 ,mo/ ( ! prizes are tak5 by %agb>ks b :5 a nut n a %agb>k gets into ! prize w9n+ class1 we make a class t w\ld include x4 ,= example1 9 ! #aiah ,conte/1 ?ree %ellb>ks & "o mock]nut came into ! prize w9n+ class1 :]eupon a special lot ( prizes = %ellb>ks & mock]nuts 7 giv54 ,?is enables u to d :at w\ld be accompli%$ 9 (f]+ prizes = be/ nuts ( ea* species ( hickories4 ,! same score c>d & tables !re=e are us$ = ea* ( ^! species4 ,x is conv5i5t1 9 judg+ nuts1 to diff]5tiate betwe5 ! pecan on ! "o h& & ! o!r hickories on ! o!r1 al?\gh /udy rec5tly put on ! matt] w\ld seem to %[ t ?is di/9ction is n exact & t "s nuts1 = example1 :i* app>5tly are pure pecans are really pecan hickory hybrids4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! /ructure ( ! %ell ( ! nuts ( c]ta9 ( ! walnuts is great] ?an betwe5 ! %ell /ructure ( ! hickories & ! walnuts may be divid$ into ?ree classes4 ,hybrids betwe5 a numb] ( species are f\nd :i* h be5 =m$ naturally1 & seem+ly hybrids betwe5 all species are possible4 ,x is conv5i5t 9 judg+ nuts to diff]5tiate betwe5 ,engli% walnuts1 black walnuts1 & butt]nuts1 :i* nuts are repres5tative ( ! ?ree walnut classes & to include ) ! butt]nuts1 ! ,japan walnuts4 ,?is w /rike _m p z a /range classification1 i4 e4 to include ! butt]nut & ,japan walnut1 b ,i feel sure t no "o :o has giv5 ! matt] mu* /udy w s consid] x4 ,:5ev] ! two gr[ 9 proximity !y hybridize s freely t "o may be almo/ c]ta9 ( n gett+ pure species if he plants nuts & raises se$l+s4 ,inde$ ,i h receiv$ _m su* hybrids :i* h be5 call$ ei!r butt]nuts or ,japan walnuts4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! same difficulty exi/s 9 di/+ui%+ butt]nuts & ,japan walnuts t exi/s 9 di/+ui%+ hickories4 ,!re is no "n :i* includes ! butt]nut & ,japan walnut z !re is to include ! v>i\s species ( hickories1 &1 z su* a "n is urg5tly ne$$1 ,i h us$ ! ^w butt]japs4 ,?is includes butt]nuts1 ,japan walnuts & hybrids betwe5 !m4 ,:ile x d\btless w be conv5i5t to cont9ue ! names butt]nut & ,japan walnut x %\ld be und]/ood t usually !y w mean simply nuts :i*1 z f> z appe>ance is conc]n$1 w\ld seem to be "o or ! o!r1 b v likely may be hybrids betwe5 ! two species & might be m prop]ly call$ by "s "n e4 g4 butt]japs1 :i* w\ld include ! two species & hybrids betwe5 !m4 ,at ?is po9t ! ,conv5tion took a recess to enable a photograph to be tak5 & imm$iately aft] reassembl$ = a bus9ess session4 ,,footnote3 #d ,an additional lot ( ,alley ,black ,walnuts receiv$ sev]al mon?s aft] ! "o ent]$ 9 ! #aiah conte/ did n %[ #ajj crack+ quality4 ,,bus9ess ,,session ,,presid5t ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$ ,,9 ,,! ,,*air ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,if ,mr4 ,patt]son is 9 ! room1 we w be glad to he> f him at ?is "t4 ,he has a matt] he wants to br+ be=e u4 ,,mr4 ,,patt]son3 ,mr4 ,presid5t & ,g5tlem53 ,! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association = "s ?ree ye>s h _h a /&+ committee on f$]al aid = ! nut indu/ry4 ,two ye>s ago ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( t committee1 ! appropriation = inve/igational "w 0 increas$ by "s fifte5 ?\s& doll>s f ! previ\s appropriation4 ,! total appropriation along ?is l9e n[ is ?irty ?\s& to ?irty-five ?\s& doll>s4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye> ! almond gr[]s felt ! ne$ ( "s enc\ragem5t & help f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & ! la/ appropriation 0 increas$ b 0 n made specific = ! pecan indu/ry1 b = ! nut indu/ry 9 g5]al 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* 0 entirely agreeable to ! pecan p4 ,& n[ ,i appe> be=e y especially to call y\r att5tion to ?is movem5t & to sugge/ t ?is association %\ld appo9t a committee to co-op]ate ) a committee f ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association & ! ,almond ,gr[]s' ,association1 & ! nut gr[]s ( ,wa%+ton & ,oregon 9 an ef=t to secure an appropriation f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture :i* w\ld comm5surate ) ! ne$s ( ! great nut indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z we all "k1 x is entirely 9 its infancy z a comm]cial proposition & ,i d\bt n we all agree z to its wond]ful possibilities4 ,! recomm5dation f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has gone to ! ,h\se committee ?is ye> )\t any increase ov] ! appropriation ( la/ ye>2 s t x w be necess>y if any increas$ all[ance is made1 t pressure %all be br\ght to be> ^u ! ,h\se committee ( agriculture1 or ! ,s5ate committee 7! bill is be=e ! ,h\se committee at pres5t71 to get !m to appreciate ! importance ( ?is appropriation4 ,i might say ,i am on my way to ,wa%+ton n[ to see if ,i c d any?+ 9 co-op]ation ) ! ,cali=nia ,almond ,gr[]s ,association & su* o!r co-op]ation z we c get to see if we c get an increase 9 ! appropriation ov] & above ! appropriation recomm5d$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture4 ,! ,secret>y is n oppos$ to a high] appropriation1 b he has _h ord]s f high] up n to recomm5d any increase4 ,i ?ank y = ! privilege ( br++ ?is matt] to ! att5tion ( ! ,association ) ! sugge/ion t1 if x meets ) y\r approval y appo9t a committee to co-op]ate ) ! o!r committees already appo9t$ by ^! o!r associations4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! sugge/ion by ,mr4 ,patt]son4 ,are !re any rem>ks8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i move1 ,mr ,presid5t1 t a committee on ,f$]al ,aid be appo9t$ = t purpose1 to co-op]ate ) ! o!r associations = ! purpose ( secur+ = ! nut indu/ry an appropriation suffici5t or at lea/ some:]e ne> suffici5t = ! "w 9 h&4 ,!re is mu* "w to be done t %\ld be done n[4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i second ! motion1 ,mr4 ,presid5t4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! motion4 ,x is mov$ t a committee be appo9t$ = ?is "w1 z sugge/$4 ,all 9 favor ( ! motion say ,aye4 ,contr>y same sign4 ,x is ,,c>ri$4 ,i ?9k x w\ld be well to leave t committee to ! incom+ presid5t4 ,t 0 y\r idea1 ,mr4 ,bixby1 0 x8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i didn't ?9k t f>4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,t won't be f> (f1 & ,i ?9k x w\ld be well to leave ! appo9tm5t ( t committee to ! incom+ presid5t4 ,i ?9k also1 x w\ld be well1 be=e appo9t+ t committee1 to conf] a little bit to see :o c\ld possibly att5d1 c\ld g to ,wa%+ton1 & w\ld h ! "t to give to x4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,we w n[ h ! report ( ! nom9at+ committee4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,nom9at+ ,,committee ,y\r committee on ,nom9ations1 hav+ 9 m9d ! rapidly exp&+ int]e/ 9 ,nut ,culture & ! ne$ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association = a bo>d ( (fic]s especially equipp$ = ext5d+ developm5t on broad l9es1 respectfully submit ! foll[+ nom9ations3 ,= ,presid5t--,,william ,s4 ,,l9ton1 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan4 ,= ,vice-,presid5t--,,james ,s4 ,,mcgl5non1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,= ,secret>y-,treasur]--,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,baldw91 ,new ,york4 ,= ,act+ ,secret>y--,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,wilton1 ,connecticut4 ,= ,executive ,committee--,,messrs4 ,,l9ton1 ,,mcgl5non1 ,,bixby1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,,& ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?4 7,sign$7 ,ralph ,t ,olcott ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon ,rob]t ,t ,morris ,william ,s4 ,l9ton ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,secret>y-,treasur] ,bixby has sugge/$ t ! "w ( 8 (fice be divid$1 he to look aft] ! f9ancial affairs & ! nut conte/s1 ,dr4 ,dem+ to assume ! "w ( ! ,secret>y prop]4 ,! con/itution provides t ! ?ree pr9cipal (fic]s & ! la/ two retir+ presid5ts be ! executive committee4 ,z ! con/itution specifically provides reg>d+ ?is matt]1 ! committee sugge/s ! position ( act+ secret>y = ,dr4 ,dem+ until su* action may be tak5 z w con=m to ! con/itution4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! report ( ! committee4 ,:at is y\r pleasure8 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i move t ?is report ( ! committee be unanim\sly adopt$ & ! (fic]s be elect$1 & ! secret>y s ca/ ! ballot4 ,,mr4 ,,sm$ley3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,all 9 favor ( t vote say ,aye4 ,oppos$1 ,no4 ,,c>ri$4 ,i h]eby in/ruct ! secret>y to ca/ ! unanim\s ballot ( ! ,association = ! li/ ( (fic]s z read4 ,! ,secret>y !n ca/ a ballot = ! p]sons on ! report ( ! ,nom9at+ ,committee1 & decl>$ ! foll[+ elect$3 ,presid5t--,,william ,s4 ,,l9ton1 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*4 ,vice-,presid5t--,,james ,s4 ,,mcgl5non1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,secret>y-,treasur]--,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,baldw91 ,new ,york4 ,executive ,committee--,! above ?ree & ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind41 & ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,sw>?more1 ,p5n4 ,act+ ,secret>y--,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,wilton1 ,conn4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,9 reg>d to ! *ange 9 ! con/itution1 t w h to g ov] until next ye>4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,! con/itution provides t notice be giv5 to ?is conv5tion = action to be tak5 a ye> f n[2 or t ?irty days be=e action is tak51 ! notice be s5t to ! memb]s4 ,x seems to me t inasmu* z ! action propos$ is fully und]/ood1 t ,dr4 ,dem+ is available1 & ,mr4 ,bixby k9dly cons5t$ :ile ,dr4 ,dem+ 0 ti$ up 9 ! w> "w to look aft] ?is "w1 t !re really is en\gh = two1 & z bo? are agreeable1 ?is is ! "t to take t action to become effective a ye> f n[ unless y c br+ x ab\t quick]4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i %\ld ?9k x is only necess>y to take ! action on t4 ,if !re is "s "o bett] po/$ on p>liam5t>y law1 :o ?9ks entire action bett] be tak5 at ?is "t1 ,i w ent]ta9 a motion4 ,if n1 we w let x /& z x is at pres5t4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i move t x is ! s5tim5t ( ?is conv5tion1 & t ! memb]s %\ld be notifi$ ?r\gh ! annual report & ! regul> proce$+s1 t t action is contemplat$--to divide ! (fice ( ,secret>y-,treasur] at ! next annual meet+1 & t ! con/itution be *ang$ z foll[s3 ,t ,article ,,iv1 ,(fic]s1 be *ang$ z foll[s3 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 a treasur] & a secret>y1 :o %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+2 & an executive committee ( six p]sons ( :i* ! presid5t1 two la/ retir+ presid5ts1 vice-presid5t1 treasur] & secret>y %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy1 or c\nty repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,t ,article ,,vii1 ,quorum1 be *ang$ z foll[s3 ,t5 memb]s ( ! association %all con/itution a quorum1 b mu/ include a majority ( ! executive committee1 or two ( ! f\r elect$ (fic]s4 ,,voice3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,x is mov$ & second$ t ?is matt] come up at ! next annual meet+ to be vot$ on z pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,olcott4 ,all 9 favor say ,aye2 oppos$1 ,no4 ,,c>ri$4 ,i believe we h a report ( ! audit+ committee t %\ld come up4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i believe ,i am ! sole memb] ( ! ,audit+ ,committee :o is pres5t4 ,i h to report t ! committee has n act$1 b ,i ?9k we c d ?is if agreeable3 ,if y w leave x to ! committee to audit ! acc\nt1 & if ! committee f9ds ! acc\nt is n accurate1 to report to t effect next ye> & br+ ,mr4 ,bixby to "t1 !n2 o!rwise say no?+ ab\t x4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k we are will+ to d x on t basis4 ,mr4 ,secret>y1 are !re any o!r ?+s t ought to come up t y ?9k (8 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i h a resolution "h if ?is is 9 ord] n[4 ,?is resolution is s5t f ,mr4 ,littlepage4 ,:]eas ?is ,association is ju/ly jeal\s ( its "* & /&+ among ! nut-gr[+ public ( ?is we/]n cont95t & especially among ! nor!rn nut culturi/s1 amateur or pr(essional2 & ,:]eas ?is ,association views ) di/ru/ & "s al>m ! gr[+ & que/ionable practice ( sell+ se$l+ pecan trees to ! g5]al public2 & ,:]eas x develop$ at a rec5t meet+ ( ! ,s\!rn ,nurs]ym5's ,association held at ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 t se$l+ pecan trees f ! gulf /ates 7 be+ di/ribut$ 9 ! t]ritory nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv]2 & ,:]eas ?is practice1 if cont9u$1 w "w a di/9ct disadvantage to ! indu/ry 9 g5]al z well z to ! plant]s 9 p>ticul>2 ,!re=e be x ,,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,association n[ & "h vigor\sly record its view on ?is "q z foll[s3 ,t we prote/ aga9/ ! above nam$ practice & urge ^u ! nurs]ym5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! importance ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( plant+ se$l+ pecan trees = or*>d purposes 9 p>ticul>2 & fur!r t especially %all extreme caution be us$ to prev5t ! %ipm5t ( s\!rn se$l+ pecan trees = plant+ 9 ! t]ritory nor? ( ! ,ohio & ,potomac ,riv]s1 & fur!r be x ,,resolv$1 ,t ! secret>y communicate a copy ( ^! resolutions to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,nurs]ym5 ) ! reque/ t 8 organization take cognizance ( ?is condition & take su* /eps z are compatible ) its au?ority & s5tim5t to repress su* repreh5sible practice on ! "p ( ! ,am]ican nurs]y trade4 ,i w introduce ?is z a resolution4 ,,voice3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! resolution :i* has be5 second$4 ,are !re any rem>ks8 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to add a ^w ( explanation4 ,!re are only two or ?ree nurs]ym5 9 ! ,s\? engag$ 9 t practice4 ,!re are sev]al nor!rn m5 :o are 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess 9 ! ,s\? :o h rais$ ! "q z to ! propriety ( t practice1 & ! "q has be5 discuss$ at ! meet+s ( ?is s\!rn association ) a good deal ( heat & vigor4 ,! s\!rn p w n plant se$l+ pecan trees at all1 b ^! few nurs]ym5 d a few hundr$ doll>s' wor? ( bus9ess e ye> by s5d+ _! product to big nurs]ies "h 9 ! ,nor?1 g5]al fruit-tree nurs]ies & !y 9 turn di/ribute ^! trees ?r\gh ! ,nor?4 ,^! nor!rn fri5ds ( ours :o are n[ 9 ! ,s\?1 put ?r\gh a resolution ask+ t ! matt] be discuss$ at _! meet+ ?is ye> at ,atlanta1 ! meet+ held 9 ,augu/1 by myself repres5t+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,i 0 unable to be pres5t1 b ,i s5t d[n a pap] :i* 0 read by my associate 9 ! (fice1 & he tells u t n9ety p] c5t ( ! s\!rn nurs]ym5 7 ) u 9 oppos+ t practice2 t x is only ^? two or ?ree & _! associates :o practice x4 ,& x is z a result ( t situation t ?is resolution has be5 propos$4 ,pr(4 ,lake1 secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 has be5 9 ! ,s\? work+ on pecans & is q famili> ) ! situation1 & he drew up ?is resolution4 ,x is some?+ t by all means %\ld be /opp$ if possible4 ,! s\!rn pecan does n succe$ 9 ! ,nor? anyh[1 & ev5 x did1 we d n want ! k9d ( pecan tree up "h t ! s\!rn]s w\ld n plant !mselves4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,are y ready = ! "q8 ,all 9 favor ( adopt+ ! resolution z read1 say ,aye4 ,contr>y1 same sign4 ,x is s ,,c>ri$4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to sugge/ t a copy ( ^! resolutions be s5t to ! secret>y ( ! ,s\!rn ,nurs]ym5's ,association1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,joe ,h[>d1 ,hickory1 ,n4 ,c4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i h a telegram f ,mr4 ,littlepage :i* ,i w read4 ,i regret exce$+ly x is impossible to att5d ! meet+ ?is ye>4 ,sign$1 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage4 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i make a motion t ,dr4 ,walt] ,van ,fleet be made an honor>y memb] ( ?is ,association = 8 valuable "w 9 nut culture & hybridiz+4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t ,dr4 ,walt] ,van ,fleet be made an honor>y memb] ( ?is ,association = 8 valuable "w 9 nut culture4 ,all 9 favor say ,aye4 ,contr>y1 ,no4 ,x is ,,c>ri$4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,! place ( ! next meet+ is decid$ be=e ! meet+ adj\rns1 ,i ?9k1 or else provision made = x4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,z ,i und]/& x1 x is ei!r decid$ or y vote to put x 9 ! h&s ( ! executive committee4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,provision 9 "s way is made = x4 ,on t subject ,i w\ld l to say a ^w4 ,we h an invitation f ,mr4 ,littlepage1 & 9 consid]+ ! place ( ! #aiai meet+ !re 7 really ?ree diff]5t locations spok5 (--"o ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 "o ,new ,york ,city or "s po9t ne> !re1 & "o ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,h]et(ore we h practically decid$ ! place ( ! meet+ on consid]ation ( be+ able to see ne> !re nut trees ( int]e/4 ,i ?9k e meet+ has be5 decid$ ) t idea 9 m9d4 ,?is ye> ea* ( ! ?ree places (f]$ promise ( be+ v attractive 9 a ye> or two1 b n 9 #aiai4 ,9 ! case ( ! meet+ at ,wa%+ton1 we c\ld see ,mr4 ,littlepage's or*>d ( pecans1 ?irty acres 9 ext5t1 :i* ye> be=e la/ put out a few fl[]s1 & ?is ye> q a numb]1 & he expects nuts next ye>4 ,!re are also ! _m ?+s to be se5 ar\nd ,wa%+ton1--! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's "w besides a numb] ( o!r ?+s4 ,& at ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 !re has be5 a *ance ! pa/ ye> to see "s rem>kable "w on top work$ hickories1 t is1 ! e>ly be>+ ( crops ( f9e nuts4 ,!n aga9 v soon on ,capt4 ,dem+'s place at ,georget[n1 ,conn41 is go+ to be ! greate/ opportunity = topwork$ hickories any:]e to be se54 ,he has m "y se$l+ hickories top work$ to f9e v>ieties ?an any "o else t ,i "k (4 ,z a matt] ( sugge/ion x w\ld seem to me well--?is is only a sugge/ion1 ( c\rse--t ! matt] be left ) ! executive committee1 & next spr+ or summ] :5 x is possible to get an idea z to :i* ( ^! ?ree places (f]s ! mo/ to see 9 ! l9e ( nut trees1 !n !y c\ld decide :]e x is be/ to g4 ,t w\ld be ! sugge/ion t ,i w\ld make4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,"o ( ! sugge/ions 0 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,i ?9k !re are ?+s wor? :ile !re 9 nut culture to be se51 & ,i "k t we :o are int]e/$ 9 nut culture w\ld l to h ! conv5tion !re2 & ,i "k also our ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce 9 ! city w\ld be v happy to h x !re4 ,s t 9 consid]+ ! place = ! next meet+1 ,i hope ,ro*e/]1 ,n ,y41 w be incorporat$ 9 ! ?\ght4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i w\ld also sugge/ y might come to ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,out nor!a/ ( ,buffalo !re 7 %ipp$ eighte5 hundr$ p\nds ( walnuts to ! ,buffalo m>ket ?is fall4 ,nor? ( ,lockport is a man :o supplies ! c\ntry /ores ) ,engli% walnuts4 ,z long z !re are any ( ^! walnuts 9 ! baskets expos$ = sale1 ^? :i* 7 pur*as$ f ! :olesal]s f ,cali=nia are left unsold4 ,i w5t into "o /ore & ! /ore-keep] _h "s home gr[n ,engli% walnuts out 9 ! back room4 ,i said1 ,:y d y keep !m out "h8 ,he said1 ,i h ?ree bu%els ( ,cali=nia walnuts1 & ,i keep ^! "h until ! o!rs are sold4 ,if ,i put ^! out 9 front1 ,i w\ld n sell ! o!rs at all4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i w\ld be glad to include ,ro*e/]1 or ,lockport1 or any o!r place sugge/$1 & leave x to ! executive committee ) ! p[] to act4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 we "k pretty ne>ly :at c\ld be se5 at mo/ ( ^! places next ye>4 ,!re is n go+ to be a great *ange 9 :at !re has be5 ?is ye>1 & x seems to me ! soon] we c def9itely decide ^u ?is ?+ & get x a matt] ( record1 & plan = x1 ! bett] x w be4 ,we c g ar\nd f "o place to ano!r4 ,we want to g to all ^! places dur+ ! next ?ree or f\r ye>s1 & we h a def9ite invitation f ,mr4 ,littlepage2 & :ile he didn't s /ate 9 8 telegram1 9 conv]sation ) him on ,friday by telephone1 he said he w\ld l to h !m come !re ! latt] "p ( ,augu/ or fir/ ( ,septemb]2 & to make ! matt] def9ite & "k :]e we /& e>ly 9 ! game1 ,i move we accept ,mr4 ,littlepage's invitation = a meet+ ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i second t motion1 & add t at ! ,/am=d conv5tion1 t is ! v argum5t ,i made4 ,be=e t meet+ x _h always be5 left to ! executive committee4 ,x _h be5 ! cu/om ( ,dr4 ,dem+1 ! secret>y1 to def] ! matt] ( ! place ( meet+ until a few weeks be=e ! date = x4 ,nobody knew1 & ! committee decid$1 & ! "t 0 too %ort to get any?+ l ! att5dance we %\ld h4 ,if we %\ld publi% 9 ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal = a ye> :]e ! meet+ is to be1 y w\ld get a ye>'s adv]tis+ ( t matt]1 & c\ld plan bett] !reby4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,y h he>d ! motion4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,! only reason ,i _h 9 mak+ ! sugge/ion ,i did1 0 ! possibility ( "o place or ! o!r %[+ m importance b z ,mr4 ,re$ said1 we want to d all ^! places m5tion$ at "s "t4 ,x does n make mu* diff]5ce :i* we d fir/4 ,we %\ld l to take fir/ ! place :]e !re is mo/ to be se51 ( c\rse4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,if !re is no fur!r discussion1 all 9 favor ( accept+ ,mr4 ,littlepage's invitation = ,wa%+ton = ! next meet+ say ,aye4 ,contr>y1 ,no4 ,x is ,,c>ri$4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,! reason ,i did n pu% ,lanca/] is t "s exp]im5ts on spray+ are be+ conduct$ !re & x w be a ye> be=e t w %[ up4 ,! nut gr[]s c\ld see t bett] ! ye> foll[+4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,if !re is no?+ else1 ,i believe we are ready to turn ov] ! gavel to our new presid5t4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 !re is an important committee y h n appo9t$4 ,i 0 out ( ! room :5 ,mr4 ,patt]son sugge/$ ?is morn+ t a committee be appo9t$4 ,has t be5 att5d$ to8 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i expect$ to let ! incom+ presid5t appo9t t committee be=e we adj\rn4 ,,mr4 ,,sm$ley3 ,i w make a motion t ,mr4 ,patt]son repres5t u & h ! endorsem5t ( ?is ,association z to dem&+ m appropriations = ! "w 9 h&4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,x is mov$ & second$ t ,mr4 ,patt]son be appo9t$ to repres5t u be=e congress 9 connection ) ! appropriation4 ,,mr4 ,,patt]son3 ,if ev]yone on ! committee c\ld g to ,wa%+ton z soon z we c get at ! ,h\se committee = a he>+1 t w\ld be ! way to get action on ! matt]4 ,( c\rse1 ! endorsem5t ( ! ,association is good1 & if y c\ld get a committee ( "s "o :o c\ld g d[n & help re-en=ce x1 !re1 we w\ld appreciate x v mu*4 ,,presid5t ,,re$3 ,i ?9k ! incom+ presid5t w be "o :o w be go+ d[n4 ,if he w come =w>d1 ,i am ready to turn ov] ! gavel4 ,at ?is po9t1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 ! newly elect$ presid5t1 took ! *air4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,ladies & ,g5tlem5 ,i am sure t y w all conc$e t ,i h n s\ght (ficial position1 & no "o c\ld h be5 m surpris$ ?an ,i1 :5 ,i 0 pres5t$ ) ! report ( y\r committee4 ,i h be5 mu* int]e/$ 9 ! "w t is be+ c>ri$ on by ?is association2 & ( c\rse if ,i c be ( any value to ! association or to ! cause 9 ! position ( presid5t dur+ ?is p>ticul> ye>1 :y ,i accept t duty4 ,b ,i w\ld l to impose "o or two conditions4 ,i "k t y\r he>ty co-op]ation w be giv54 ,t w\ld be "o condition4 ,b ,i am sure t ea* & e "o ( y c assi/ 9 add+ greatly to ! memb]%ip ( ?is organization4 ,we %\ld at lea/ h fifty memb]s 9 ea* /ate )9 our jurisdiction4 ,t w\ld mean1 p]haps "o-half ( ! /ates 9 ! ,union4 ,t w\ld mean "o ?\s& memb]s4 ,n[1 9 accept+ ?is position1 ,i am go+ to ask ea* & e active memb] ?r\gh 8 fri5ds & acqua9tances to solicit & secure tw5ty-five memb]s4 ,n[1 ,i w d\ble t am\nt1 & agree dur+ ! ye>1 to add fifty good memb]s to ! association4 ,t means ov] "o ?\s& dur+ ! ye>1 & t is "o goal t ,i hope we c rea* dur+ ?is p>ticul> ye>1 #aibj4 ,s f> z ! gr[+ ( nuts is conc]n$1 s f> z ! details connect$ ) ! "w t y h be5 engag$ 9 is conc]n$1 ,i propose leav+ ^? ?+s to ^? :om ,i consid] exp]ts1 ,dr4 ,morris1 our fri5d ,re$ f ,wa%+ton1 & o!rs t ,i might "n2 b ! p>ticul> l9es t ,i w\ld l to foll[ ?is ye>1 g5tlem51 & :at ,i hope to receive y\r e>ne/ support 9 is an addition to y\r memb]%ip s t x may exce$ a ?\s&2 & assi/ance 9 legislation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry along ! l9e t we h work$ out 9 our p59sul> /ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,i am glad t y decid$ ^u ,wa%+ton z ! place ( ! next meet+1 & z ,i h intimat$ 9 my rem>ks h]et(ore1 ,i believe we h !re a ,mi*igan ,s5ator :o w assi/ 9 national legislation along ! l9es t we desire1 because !y are "r ones2 & 9 8 position z *airman ( ! committee on po/ (fices & po/ roads ( ! c\ntry1 be+ at ! head ( ! highway legislation1 !re is no man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z compet5t to help u along t l9e1 & ,i feel sure t we w get t assi/ance & support4 ,) ^! few l9es ,i w close1 & ,i s9c]ely hope y h n made any mi/ake at ?is session2 & :5 we h r\nd$ up our ye>'s "w1 t we c all say x has be5 a successful "o4 ,i ?ank y4 7,applause74 ,! committee on ,f$]al ,aid t ! incom+ presid5t 0 to appo9t1 ,i w "n z foll[s3 ,j4 ,m4 ,patt]son1 ,dr4 ,morris1 ,dr4 ,kellogg1 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 ,mr4 ,bixby1 ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,mc,glennon4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,s5ator ,p5ney w\ld l to say a ^w4 ,,s5ator ,,p5ney3 ,i hadn't any int5tion ( say+ a ^w4 ,b ,i am p>ticul>ly pleas$ t y elect$ my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 z presid5t ( ! organization4 ,i h kn[n him a good _m ye>s1 & ,i "k he is an indu/ri\s work]4 ,9 any?+ t he und]takes to d1 y w always see results4 ,i am sure t 9 ! l9es :i* he has express$ himself z be+ anxi\s to cov]1 y\r memb]%ip1 ! matt] ( legislation1 ,i am sure t y w see "s results t w be v gratify+ to ! ,association4 ,i d n "k z !re is any?+ fur!r ,i wi% to say4 ,b ,i h be5 v int]e/$ 9 ^! meet+s4 ,i am n a nut gr[]1 & ,i h>dly "k "o nut f ano!r1 except+ t ,i am l ! squirrel1 if ,i get hold ( a good nut ,i l to eat x2 b ,i h c]ta9ly le>n$ a lot ( ?+s f ?is association1 & ,i am v pleas$ to be pres5t4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,i am go+ to ask ,s5ator ,p5ney to become a memb] ( ?is association4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,he is a memb]4 ,,s5ator ,,p5ney3 ,i h gott5 two s9ce ,i h be5 "h1 s ,i am go+ to pl$ge myself = two or ?ree m = ! next ye>4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i ?9k "o subject %\ld n be ov]look$1 & t is ! matt] ( resolutions4 ,!re is ,dr4 ,kellogg's v c\rte\s (f] & treatm5t to be rememb]$1 & p]haps "s o!r ?+s4 ,if !re is n su* a committee1 ,i ?9k "s "o ought to be appo9t$ on x to report v soon be=e we close4 ,i move t a committee on resolutions be appo9t$4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,g5tlem51 y h he>d ! motion made by ,mr4 ,olcott4 ,are y ready = ! "q8 ,^? :o favor ! motion say ,aye2 oppos$1 ,no4 ,! resolution is ,,adopt$4 ,i appo9t ,mr4 ,olcott1 ,mr4 ,bixby1 ,s5ator ,p5ney1 ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,patt]son4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,!re is a little bit ( news ,i w\ld l to tell ! memb]s ( ! association4 ,ye/]day aft]noon1 a g5tleman :o is a pati5t across ! /reet at ! sanit>ium1 came d[n to ! nut exhibit 9 a :eel*air & look$ on ) int]e/ at :at 0 %[n !re1 & pres5tly he call$ ,mrs4 ,re$ ov] to talk ) h] a little & ask some?+ ab\t :o 0 connect$ ) t exhibit2 & ! next ?+ he ask$ me to sit d[n by him4 ,he 0 n able to get ar\nd1 to /&1 & he told me ?is3 t f\r ye>s ago he met a ,mr4 ,page f ,tulsa1 ,oklahoma1 a man :o is evid5tly a man ( a good deal ( means 9 ! oil bus9ess !re1 :o is v philan?ropic 9 8 activities1 a man :o has adopt$ two hundr$ *ildr51 ,i believe x is2 & he propos$ to ?is g5tleman1 :o 0 ,mr4 ,d[ ( ,jame/[n1 ,n4 ,y41 t he g to ,oklahoma to e/abli% a nut arboretum4 ,he 0 will+ to set aside two hundr$ acres ( l& & to end[ x ) #bjj1jjj if ?is ,mr4 ,d[ w\ld g & take *>ge ( x4 ,he also (f]$ to build a #bc1jjj h\se on ! place4 ,b ,mr4 ,d[ is director ( ! ,leadswor? ,=e/ ,arboretum1 "s sixty miles up ! ,g5esee ,riv] f ,ro*e/]1 & ( c\rse he did n feel t he c\ld leave ! "w he 0 do+ !re & devote 8 en]gies to a new "w4 ,i ?\ght t 0 some?+ t we nor!rn]s w\ld be v mu* int]e/$ 91 & ,i ?9k we ought to see if t (f] c\ld n be tak5 advantage (4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,c any "o "h tell me :]e se$l+s ( ! big we/]n %ellback1 ,c>ya lac9iosa1 c be obta9$8 ,i w\ld l to get #ajj ( !m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,probably ! be/ place to get t in=mation w\ld be f ! ,u4 ,s4 ,=e/ ,s]vice4 ,t bureau keeps 9 t\* ) su* in=mation4 ,!y h catalogs & !y h li/s ( nurs]ym5 hav+ v>i\s trees includ+ nut trees2 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,mr4 ,re$ in=ms me t x is ! int5tion to close ?is session at ?is "t4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones3 ,i don't ?9k we ought to close )\t pass+ a resolution ( ?anks to ,dr4 ,kellogg = ! nice ent]ta9m5t "h1 ! free s]vice1 ! rooms1 etc4 ,,voice3 ,i support ! motion4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,y h he>d ! motion (f]$ by ,mr4 ,jones4 ,we c take a recess & adj\rn aft] we take ! trip ?r\gh ! build+s4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,if !re is no "o !re b ! presid5t1 (fic]s & ! committee1 !y w\ld /ill h ! au?ority to adopt ^! resolutions1 & !n prop]ly adj\rn4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,if t is ! cons5sus ( op9ion1 we w take a recess until call$ to ord] aga9 by ! *air foll[+ ! trip ?r\gh ! build+s4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$3 ,! idea 0 to take a recess until aft] our trip ?is aft]noon & adj\rn !n4 ,at t "t ?is committee w be prep>$ ) its resolutions4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,we c n fix a def9ite "t4 ,x w be foll[+ ! aft]noon session ) ,dr4 ,kellogg4 ,if !re is no?+ m to come be=e u at ?is "t1 a recess w be tak5 until aft] t "t4 ,! conv5tion !n took a recess & reassembl$ at #b p4 m4 at :i* "t an old fa%ion$ /raw sleigh ride 0 tak5 to ! build+s ( ! ,kellogg ,pure ,food ,company4 ,"h ,dr4 ,kellogg met ! p>ty & conduct$ !m ?r\gh1 expla9+ ! v>i\s products made & ! processes by :i* !y 7 made1 & also t ! l>ge plant ( ! company 0 a gr[? f a v humble beg9n+1 />t$ orig9ally = ! purpose ( provid+ food = ! ,sanit>ium t 0 impossible to procure any o!r way4 ,p]sons :o _h be5 gue/s ( ! ,sanit>ium1 aft] leav+ x1 h wi%$ to get "s ( ! food products !y _h _h :5 !re1 & 9 t way1 a dem& 0 made :i* _h gr[n1 till _m ( !m 7 suppli$ to ! jobb+ trade4 ,a mo/ enjoyable lun* enabl$ ! p>ty to sample _m ( ! products4 ,f ! ,kellogg ,pure ,food ,company1 ! sleigh took ! p>ty back to ! ,sanit>ium ?r\gh :i* !y 7 conduct$ & %[n ! rem>kable facilities = provid+ ! gue/s ) e k9d ( m$ical treatm5t t _h prov$ valuable4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a place :]e app>atus = treat+ e =m ( disease is equal to t ( ! ,battle ,creek ,sanit>ium or :]e su* facilities exi/ = provid+ pati5ts ) all means = _! com=t & = ! recov]y ( _! heal?4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ talk illu/rat$ ) lant]n slides1 %[$ ! gr[? ( ?is in/itution f a mode/ beg9n+ 9 a dwell+ h\se1 #ed ye>s ago4 ,aft] ?is ! conv5tion reassembl$ & adj\rn$ at #e p4 m4 ,,! #aiai ,,nut ,,conte/ ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,,baldw91 ,,nassau ,,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,! nuts s5t 9 to ! #aiai conte/ h be5 f9i%$ at la/ b ! date is only a few days ahead ( ! date la/ ye> :5 ! #aiah conte/ 0 f9i%$1 :i* is to me a matt] ( a good deal ( *agr9 z x 0 la/ ye>4 ,no attempt 0 made to exam9e ! nuts receiv$ till aft] ! fir/ ( ! ye> z ! exp]i5ce ( la/ ye> %[$ ?is to be a wa/e ( "t4 ,sev]al ?+s seem$1 ?is ye>1 to conspire to prev5t gett+ />t$ on ! exam9ation4 ,! numb] ( nuts receiv$ 0 l>ge & ! "t tak5 = exam9ation q consid]able = no attempt z yet has be5 made to h b "o p]son "w on x4 ,b ! ?+ t has caus$ ! great] "p ( ! delay 0 ! wide v>iation betwe5 ! results 9 ! te/s ( ^? nuts :i* 7 s5t into bo? ! #aiah & #aiai conte/s1 & my unwill+ness to h ^! results appe> 9 pr9t until ! reasons = ^! discrepancies c\ld be /at$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,_h ! me?ods us$ be5 ^? 9 use = "s "t & ^: correctness _h be5 prov51 ^! diff]5ces w\ld h caus$ little conc]n1 b inasmu* z ! me?ods = measur+ mo/ ( ! nut *>act]i/ics 7 us$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #aiah1 & _! _h be5 devis$ by me1 ,i c\ld n help feel+ t !re 0 a possibility ( ! discrepancies be+ due to imp]fections 9 me?ods =1 at fir/1 x w\ld seem likely t nuts borne by a giv5 tree "o ye> w\ld be l ^? borne ! next ye>4 ,i consid]$ !re=e t x 0 = me to prove beyond "q t ! me?ods us$ 7 s\nd & t ! diff]5ces not$ 7 real4 ,! am\nt ( "t ne$$ to d ?is at a p]iod :5 my "t 0 well occupi$ ) o!r ?+s has be5 m ?an ,i wi% x _h be54 ,:ile _m ef=ts 7 made to see if !re 7 imp]fections 9 ! me?ods us$ = measur+ ! v>i\s *>act]i/ics1 no su* imp]fections 7 f\nd1 &1 = a consid]able p]iod1 all ef=ts made to expla9 ! diff]5ces 9 te/s made on nuts borne by ! same trees 9 diff]5t ye>s 7 unproductive ( results4 ,f9ally ! matt] 0 settl$ to my satisfaction z is not$ 9 ! next p>agraph4 ,! ,cl>k hickory receiv$ #gi po9ts la/ ye> :5 x took ! fir/ prize4 ,x te/$ out #aa po9ts less ?is ye> :5 fir/ te/$ :i* put x entirely out ( ! prize w9n+ class4 ,repetition ( ?is ye>'s te/s gave results agree+ fairly well ) ! fir/ ones made b /ill n all comp>able to ^? ( la/ ye>4 ,?is 0 decid$ly disconc]t+ :5 "o ( ! pr9cipal results expect$ ( ! adoption ( me?ods ( measur+ nut *>act]i/ics 0 ! possibility ( te/+ a giv5 nut n[ & sev]al mon?s h5ce & obta9+ ! same v]dict4 ,aft] mu* "w design$ to see if ! me?ods ( measur+ nut *>act]i/ics 7 faulty & no?+ wrong _h be5 f\nd ) !m1 a visit 0 made to ! tree4 ,mr4 ,cl>k said t x bore a good crop e o!r ye> & b few nuts 9 ! int]v5+ ye>s1 & t ! nuts 7 mu* bett] ! ye>s :5 a good crop 0 borne ?an !y 7 9 ! o!r ye>s4 ,?is 0 int]e/+ in=mation b ,i c\ld n help realiz+ ! difficulty ( c>ry+ 9 "o's m9d1 f "o ye> to ! next1 ! m]its ( hickory nuts1 & felt t1 unless ! matt] c\ld be prov51 ,i _h n z yet done v mu* to solve ! problem at h&4 ,mr4 ,cl>k1 h[ev]1 gave me practically all ! nuts ( ! #aiai crop :i* he _h & ,i return$ feel+ t ?is trip _h n done mu* to solve ! problem z to :y ! te/s on ! #aiah nuts & #aiai nuts %\ld be s diff]5t4 ,v c>eful exam9ation 0 made ( ! few ,cl>k hickory nuts rema9+ 9 my possession ( ! #aiah crop & !y 7 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! #aiai crop4 ,slight diff]5ces 9 %ape 7 not$ & f9ally "o nut 0 f\nd seem+ly j l ! nuts t won ! prize 9 #aiah4 ,:5 ?is nut 0 te/$ x gave sub/antially ! same results z ^? te/$ 9 #aiah4 ,ano!r l x 0 aft]w>d f\nd :]e ! result 0 repeat$4 ,?is prov$ def9itely t ! tr\ble 0 n ) ! me?ods1 & t1 9 (f ye>s1 ) ! ,cl>k hickory at lea/1 "s few nuts 7 borne t w\ld te/ out z well z ^? borne 9 good ye>s4 ,! results ( ! te/s on ^! good nuts borne 9 #aiai 7 sub/itut$ = ^? on ! inf]ior nuts previ\sly te/$ = 9 conte/s x is always ! int5tion ( ^? s5d+ 9 nuts to s5d 9 ! be/4 ,x w be not$ t ! numb] ( po9ts f9ally aw>d$ ! ,cl>k hickory = example ?is ye> is less ?an aw>d$ la/ ye>4 ,?is diff]5ce is due to ! me?od ( scor+4 ,9 a matt] z new z me?ods = measur+ nut *>act]i/ics1 ! con/ants :i* h to be det]m9$ by exp]i5ce mu/ *ange some:at at fir/4 ,! me?od us$ ?is ye> 9 te/+ nuts s5t 9 to ! conte/ 0 to judge !m on ! basis us$ 9 #aiah1 r$et]m9e ! con/ants t requir$ x1 & "w out ! results aga94 ,an example w help to make ?is cle>4 ,take ! matt] ( proportion ( k]nel1 ! highe/ aw>d = :i* 0 #ae po9ts 9 #aiah & also 9 #aiai4 ,up to ! "t ! #aiah conte/ 0 decid$ ! hickory ) ! l>ge/ proportion ( k]nel 0 ! ,beam1 ,nut ,no4 #c1 ( ! #aiah conte/ ) ov] #ej ( k]nel & ! l[e/ 0 ! ,br[n mock]nut ( ! #aiah conte/ ) #ah ( k]nel4 ,on ! basis ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ ! numb] ( po9ts to be aw>d$ ea* 0 work$ out4 ,on ?is basis ! ,cl>k hickory 0 aw>d$1 9 #aiah1 #aj po9ts = a proportion ( k]nel ( #dj4h4 ,9 ! case ( ! #aiai conte/ nuts ) l>g] proportion ( k]nel 7 f\nd1 ! ,hat* bitt]nut ) #fe1 & ! ,halesite bitt]nuts ) #fi k]nel4 ,a mock]nut f ,slid+ ,hill1 ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ) only #ad k]nel 0 also f\nd & ! figures = aw>d+ po9ts = proportion ( k]nel 7 recalculat$ z foll[s3 ,po9ts ,po9ts #fi & ov] #ae #fe4c to #fh4i inclusive #ad #fa4g to #fe4b inclusive #ac #eh4j to #fa4f inclusive #ab #ed4c to #eg4i inclusive #aa #ej4g to #ed4b inclusive #aj #dg4j to #ej4f inclusive #i #dc4c to #df4i inclusive #h #ci4g to #dc4b inclusive #g #cf4j to #ci4f inclusive #f #cb4c to #ce4i inclusive #e #bh4g to #cb4b inclusive #d #be4j to #bh4f inclusive #c #ba4c to #bd4i inclusive #b #ag4g to #ba4b inclusive #a #ad4j to #ag4f inclusive #j ,on ?is basis ! ,cl>k hickory 0 aw>d$ b #g po9ts = ! same proportion ( k]nel 9 #aiai in/ead ( #aj z 9 #aiah4 ,?is acc\nts = #c out ( ! #e po9ts diff]5ce betwe5 ! #gi po9ts aw>d$ 9 #aiah & ! #gd 9 #aiai4 ,! o!r two po9ts c be simil>ly expla9$4 ,!re are b\nd to be simil> *anges 9 ! tables = aw>d+ po9ts f ye> to ye>1 b !y w be less & less z "t goes on4 ,= example1 ! ,wasson butt]nut ( ! #aiae conte/ :i* weigh$ #ah4h;g 0 ! l>ge/ butt]nut receiv$ until #aiai :5 two l>g] came 91 "o weigh+ #ai4e;g & ! o!r weigh+ #bb4f;g4 ,! ,mott %ellb>k hickory :i* weighs #bi4f;g :i* 0 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,morris be=e ! f\nd+ ( ! ,association is /ill ! l>ge/ hickory ( :i* we "k4 ,on ! o!r h& ! black walnut record = size 0 exce$$ 9 #aiah & also 9 #aiai4 ,! nuts receiv$ 7 gone ov] c>efully & all *>act]i/ics measur$ :]e ?is 0 possible1 !n ! o!r *>act]i/ics 7 pass$ on by me4 ,!n ! be/ nuts 7 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ,dr4 ,morris & ,dr4 ,dem+ & ! ?ree ( u pass$ on ^? *>act]i/ics :]e me?ods ( measurem5t _h n be5 work$ out4 ,! results ( ?is conte/ are not$ 9 consid]able detail z x is believ$ t !y may h value z matt]s ( record4 ,:ile an attempt has be5 made to give ! species ( ea* nut te/$ z su* in=mation is useful1 x mu/ be und]/ood t ! notations ( species are t5tative & subject to *ange %\ld fur!r k require x4 ,x is1 frequ5tly1 difficult to positively id5tify a nut z to species )\t hav+ leaves1 buds1 b>k & husk = exam9ation & 9 mo/ in/ances ! judges did n h ^!4 ,no nut is not$ z a hybrid unless x has be5 prov5 s by evid5ce :i* x is believ$ is beyond "q1 yet !re are a numb] ( nuts not$ z pure species :i* lat] may be prov$ to be hybrids4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly s 9 ! case ( ! hickories4 ,9 explanation ( ! tables x %\ld be not$ t weights ( nuts & k]nels are express$ 9 grams1 :ile crack+ pressures are express$ 9 kilograms4 ,! me?ods us$ = measur+ ! v>i\s *>act]i/ics are not$ 9 detail 9 ! article ,judg+ ,nuts on pages #abb to #acb inclusive4 ,! two items crack+ quality ne$ a little explanation4 ,la/ ye> #bj po9ts 7 aw>d$ = crack+ quality & #e po9ts = plumpness ( k]nel4 ,plumpness 0 v difficult ( e/imation4 ,x means ! rev]se ( %rivell$4 ,to assign values = ?is c only be done by appe>ance & x seem$ impossible ( measurem5t4 ,a /udy ( ! nuts ( ! #aiah conte/ :i* 7 aw>d$ high values = plumpness & ^? :i* 7 aw>d$ l[ values %[$ t 9 no case 0 a nut :i* _h a %rivell$ k]nel aw>d$ a high value = proportion ( k]nel4 ,sometimes a nut ) a plump k]nel _h a v ?ick %ell & a l[ proportion ( k]nel b 9 no in/ance did a nut ) a %rivell$ k]nel h a high proportion ( k]nel1 s x 0 ?\ght t = practical purposes ! figure = proportion ( k]nel w\ld answ] v well to repres5t excell5ce 9 bo? *>act]i/ics4 ,x 0 also evid5t t ! ratio ( ! weight ( ! portion ( ! k]nel :i*1 aft] crack+1 c\ld be easily pick$ out ) ! f+]s to ! total weight ( ! k]nel1 :i* 0 tak5 to repres5t crack+ quality la/ ye>1 0 capable ( m ref9em5t = x 0 notic$ t ( ^? nuts :]e ! entire k]nel c\ld be easily pick$ out ) ! f+]s aft] crack+ t "s 7 bett] crack]s ?an o!rs1 =1 9 "s in/ances1 ! entire k]nel fell out4 ,z ! proportion ( ! k]nel :i* c\ld be pick$ out easily ) ! f+]s is seem+ly ! mo/ important ?is 0 /ill giv5 #bj po9ts & call$ crack+ quality comm]cial1 & ! figure repres5t+ ! proportion ( k]nel :i* dropp$ out aft] crack+ 0 call$ crack+ quality absolute1 & aw>d$ ! #e po9ts =m]ly aw>d$ to plumpness4 ,9 ! case ( ! hazel :i* g5]ally has a crack+ quality bo? absolute & comm]cial ( #ajj ! item fre$om f fibre 0 sub/itut$ = crack+ quality absolute4 ,! hazel seems to be ! only nut :]e ?is *>act]i/ic mu/ be consid]$4 ,x is too bad t :ile practically all *>act]i/ics are det]m9$ ) exactness to a s+le po9t & c\ld be ev5 m precisely det]m9$1 t ! item quality & flavor ( k]nel to :i* #bj po9ts are ju/ly aw>d$ has to be det]m9$ 9 s crude a mann] z x is at pres5t4 ,x is true t =m]ly all *>act]i/ics 7 det]m9$ 9 equally crude mann] & we %\ld be glad t all o!rs c be det]m9$ ) precision b /ill hav+ "o quality n precisely det]m9$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t prev5ts exact det]m9ation ( ! o!rs hav+ ! value x o!rwise w\ld4 ,we c make only ab\t five graduations 9 quality :i* w\ld be diff]5ces ( five po9ts except at ! top ( ! scale :]e x is #b & an error 9 "o gradation w\ld make a diff]5ce ( #e po9ts g5]ally4 ,:5 x is se5 h[ close "s ( ! nuts run1 p>ticul>ly ! hickories1 :]e ! diff]5ces 9 total po9ts aw>d$ are g5]ally only #a po9t1 ) sev]al ( ! same score1 ?is crud5ess ( det]m9ation ( "o ( ! mo/ important *>act]i/ics is ! m regrettable4 ,! results ( ! #aiai conte/ on nuts ( ! v>i\s species are z not$ bel[3 ,,hickories--#abh ,,entries ,! results ( ! te/s on ! prize w9n+ hickories are %[n 9 ! table on page #aea4 ,:at is said ( ! difficulty ( id5tification z to species is p>ticul>ly applicable to ! hickory :]e x is kn[n t _m ( ! f9e nuts t we h are hybrids4 ,:ile no nut is not$ z a hybrid unless x has be5 s prov5 by evid5ce :i* x is believ$ is beyond "q1 !re is consid]able "q z to :e!r a numb] ( ! nuts not$ z %agb>ks are really pure %agb>ks4 ,x w take m obs]vation & /udy ?an x has z yet be5 possible to give !m to det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! m /udy we put on ! hickories notable = ! excell5ce ( ! nuts !y be>1 ! m we f9d t give sugge/ion ( hybrid p>5tage4 ,beside ! hickories not$ above :i* receiv$ a suffici5t numb] ( po9ts to entitle !m to "o ( ! eight prizes aw>d$ ! measurem5ts are giv5 ( ! ,hat* & ,halesite bitt]nuts because !y h ! ?9ne/ %ell & highe/ proportion ( k]nel ( any hickories yet discov]$ & ( ! ,/anley hickory because x is ! be/ %ellb>k ( :i* we yet "k4 ,,hickories ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,designation ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,lu!r ,w4 ,ve/ ,blacksburg1 ,va4 ,g #a #e4j;g#b4e;g#j4j;g#b4e;g #dfkg #di4f #j4j ,ve/ hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,g4 ,w4 ,manahan ,sabillasville4 ,md4 ,g #a #g4h;g#c4h;g#b4c;g#c4d;g #iikg #dh4e #fa4b ,manahan hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,eug5e ,j4 ,cl>k ,ludl[1 ,mass4 ,g #b #f4e;g#b4f;g#j4j;g#b4f;g #hckg #dj4h #j4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gx,b #b #f4i;g#d4j;g 4#g;g#c4f;g #dfkg #eg4e #ag4f ,laney hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,snyd] ,bros4 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 ,gx,b #b #g4f;g#c4f;g#a4h;g#c4f;g #fdkg #dh4a #di4e ,fairbanks hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,mort ,/urts ,hazel ,dell1 ,ill4 ,g #c #d4g;g#b4b;g#a4b;g#b4b;g #dikg #df4a #ee4f ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,h[>d ,g4 ,b>nes ,fayetteville1 ,o4 ,g #d #e4j;g#b4f;g#b4f;g#b4f;g #gikg #ea4dajj4j ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 ,g #d #c4g;g#a4i;g 4#f;g#a4i;g #dckg #ej4j #cc4c ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,*>les ,swaim ,s\? ,b5d1 ,ind4 ,g #d #e4a;g#b4d;g#b4c;g#b4d;g #dbkg #dg4e #ig4b ,swaim hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,g4 ,e4 ,beav] ,mill]/[n1 ,pa4 ,gx,b #e #f4g;g#c4d;g#j4j;g#c4d;g #bikg #ej4c #j4j ,beav] hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,mrs4 ,augu/a ,patton ,walnut ,hill4 ,ill4 ,g #e #f4e;g#b4g;g#b4b;g#b4e;g #ggkg #dj4e #ha4f ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 ,g #f #d4f;g#a4i;g#a4b;g#a4g;g #cckg #da4i #fa4h ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 ,g #f #d4h;g#a4f;g 4#h;g#a4f;g #fhkg #cc4d #df4i ,hickory ,no4 #g ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,james ,l4 ,glov] ,%elton1 ,conn4 ,g #f #e4j;g#a4i;g#a4h;g#a4i;g#ajfkg #ch4f #id4g ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,james ,l4 ,glov] ,%elton1 ,conn4 ,g #f #d4g;g#a4i;g 4#i;g#a4i;g #fhkg #dj4j #ej4j ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,gx,l ,c #h4h;g#c4a;g#a4e;g#c4a;g#ajbkg #ce4c #dh4a ,weik] hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,s>ah ,kronk ,m9=d4 ,o4 ,g #f #d4b;g#a4f;g#a4c;g#a4f;g#adjkg #cg4f #hc4f ,hickory ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,mort ,/urts ,hazel ,dell1 ,ill4 ,g #f #e4f;g#b4c;g#a4d;g#b4c;g #ebkg #da4j #fa4d ,hickory ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,wilton4 ,conn4 ,g #g #e4e;g#b4i;g#a4d;g#b4i;g #fckg #eb4h #dh4c ,t]p5ny hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,william ,gobble ,hol/on1 ,va4 ,g #g #i4g;g#c4i;g 4#b;g#c4i;g#adbkg #dj4f #e4a ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,w4 ,p4 ,griff9 ,creal ,spr+1 ,ill4 ,g #g #e4b;g#b4j;g#a4e;g#b4j;g#aackg #ch4e #ge4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 ,g #g #d4i;g#a4i;g 4#b;g#a4i;g #iekg #ci4j #aa4d ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 ,g #g #f4j;g#b4d;g#a4h;g#b4j;g#abakg #ci4a #gf4c ,hickory ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 ,g #h #c4f;g#a4e;g 4#e;g#a4e;g #dekg #dc4b #cd4d ,hickory ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,s>ah ,kronk ,m9=d1 ,o4 ,g #h #c4a;g#a4c;g 4#f;g#a4c;g #hbkg #da4c #d4g ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,reub5 ,j4 ,kurtz ,holly1 ,mi*4 ,g #h #d4d;g#a4g;g#a4a;g#a4f;g#aaakg #ci4d #fd4j ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,e4 ,pom]oy ,w9dsor1 ,conn4 ,g #h #f4h;g#b4d;g#a4b;g#b4b;g #ghkg #ce4i #ej4j ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,r4 ,c4 ,hat* ,c5tral ,city1 ,ia4 ,b #d4g;g#c4a;g 4#b;g#c4a;g #aikg #fe4j #f4e ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby ,baldw91 ,n4 ,y4 ,b #b4c;g#a4f;g 4#j;g#a4c;g #ackg #fi4j #j4j ,halesite bitt]nut ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,s4 ,a4 ,sipe ,c>?age1 ,ind4 ,l #ai4b;g#e4i;g#a4b;g#b4i;g#achkg #cj4g #bj4e ,/anley hickory ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,designation ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,lu!r ,w4 ,ve/ ,blacksburg1 ,va4 #ajj4j #c #d #d #e #f #bj #j #d #i #bj #ge ,ve/ hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,g4 ,w4 ,manahan ,sabillasville4 ,md4 #ij4e #e #d #d #e #d #ag #c #d #i #bj #ge ,manahan hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,eug5e ,j4 ,cl>k ,ludl[1 ,mass4 #ajj4j #d #e #e #e #d #bj #j #d #g #bj #gd ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ij4d #e #e #d #e #f #ag #j #c #aa #ah #gd ,laney hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,snyd] ,bros4 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 #ajj4j #e #e #e #e #e #bj #b #c #i #ae #gd ,fairbanks hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,mort ,/urts ,hazel ,dell1 ,ill4 #ajj4j #c #c #e #e #f #bj #b #c #h #ah #gc ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,h[>d ,g4 ,b>nes ,fayetteville1 ,o4 #ajj4j #c #d #d #e #d #bj #e #b #aj #ae #gb ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 #ajj4j #b #d #c #e #f #bj #a #b #i #bj #gb ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,*>les ,swaim ,s\? ,b5d1 ,ind4 #ajj4j #d #c #d #d #f #bj #d #c #i #ae #gb ,swaim hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,g4 ,e4 ,beav] ,mill]/[n1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #d #e #d #e #g #bj #j #b #i #ae #ga ,beav] hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,augu/a ,patton ,walnut ,hill4 ,ill4 #ib4h #d #d #d #e #e #ah #d #b #g #ah #ga ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 #hg4h #c #c #d #e #g #af #c #b #g #bj #gj ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 #ajj4j #c #d #c #e #e #bj #b #c #e #bj #gj ,hickory ,no4 #g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,james ,l4 ,glov] ,%elton1 ,conn4 #ajj4j #c #a #d #e #d #bj #d #c #f #bj #gj ,hickory ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,james ,l4 ,glov] ,%elton1 ,conn4 #ajj4j #c #b #d #e #e #bj #b #b #g #bj #gj ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #e #d #d #e #d #bj #b #c #e #ah #gj ,weik] hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,s>ah ,kronk ,m9=d4 ,o4 #ajj4j #c #d #d #e #c #bj #d #c #f #ah #gj ,hickory ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,mort ,/urts ,hazel ,dell1 ,ill4 #ajj4j #d #d #d #e #f #bj #c #b #g #ae #gj ,hickory ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,wilton4 ,conn4 #ajj4j #d #c #d #e #e #bj #b #a #aj #ae #fi ,t]p5ny hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,william ,gobble ,hol/on1 ,va4 #ajj4j #f #c #c #e #c #bj #j #b #g #bj #fi ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,w4 ,p4 ,griff9 ,creal ,spr+1 ,ill4 #ajj4j #d #a #d #e #c #bj #c #c #f #bj #fi ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #d #d #e #d #bj #j #c #f #bj #fi ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 #hb4f #d #d #e #e #c #ae #c #d #f #bj #fi ,hickory ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,e4 ,c4 ,beam ,mt4 ,oreb1 ,o4 #ajj4j #b #c #c #e #f #bj #a #a #g #bj #fh ,hickory ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,s>ah ,kronk ,m9=d1 ,o4 #ajj4j #b #d #d #e #d #bj #j #d #g #ah #fh ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,reub5 ,j4 ,kurtz ,holly1 ,mi*4 #ic4j #b #e #d #e #c #ah #c #c #f #ah #fh ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,e4 ,pom]oy ,w9dsor1 ,conn4 #hh4f #d #d #d #e #d #ag #b #c #e #bj #fh ,hickory ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,r4 ,c4 ,hat* ,c5tral ,city1 ,ia4 #ajj4j #c #e #c #c #i #bj #j #b #ac #j #eh ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby ,baldw91 ,n4 ,y4 #hj4a #a #e #c #c #aj #ae #j #b #ae #j #ed ,halesite bitt]nut ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,s4 ,a4 ,sipe ,c>?age1 ,ind4 #di4e #h #d #d #e #c #g #a #c #d #ae #ed ,/anley hickory ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,! abbreviations us$ "u ! species column are ,g = %agb>k 7,c>ya ovata71 ,l = %ellb>k 7,c>ya lac9iosa71 & ,b = bitt]nut 7,c>ya cordi=mis74 ,:]e two lett]s appe> ) an x betwe5 x means t ! nut 9 "q is a hybrid betwe5 ! two species4 ,foll[+ out ! plan adopt$ la/ ye> 7:5 no prizes 7 (f]$ = specific species ( hickories7 :5 a nut o!r ?an a %agb>k s5t judg$ by ! hickory /&>d receiv$ suffici5t po9ts to put x among ! prize w9n]s1 a special class 0 made = t4 ,"s ( ! nuts 9 ! above li/ are disqualifi$ = receiv+ prizes z !y are be+ propagat$4 ,?is t]m has be5 some:at difficult ( def9ition & 9 default ( action ( ! ,association or ( "s committee appo9t$ = ! purpose ,i h held x to mean ^? nuts :i* are li/$ 9 ! catalog ( any nurs]yman4 ,t is to say1 a nut is eligible = prizes m ?an "o ye>1 & ! m]e gr[+ a few graft$ or budd$ trees ( a v>iety & di/ribut+ !m privately does n con/itute propagation 9 ! s5se t ! ^w is us$ 9 ! nut conte/s4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z any nurs]yman consid]s a v>iety ( suffici5t m]it s t he li/s x is 8 catalog or 9 any pr9t$ supplem5t to a catalog & /ates t he c furni% graft$ or budd$ trees ( ?is v>iety1 f t "t on x is deb>r$ f receiv+ ! prizes (f]$ annually4 ,o!r hickories 7 receiv$ f3 ,d4 ,s4 ,bassett1 ,fi%]ville1 ,mass4 ,e4 ,c4 ,beam1 ,mt4 ,orab1 ,ohio4 7,nuts ,no4 #e1 ,no4 #f74 ,w4 ,f4 ,cook1 ,mosc[1 ,ky4 ,w4 ,e4 ,cornell1 #cjb ,/ew>t ,ave41 ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,f4 ,n4 ,deck]1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 7,nuts ,no4 #a1 ,no4 #b74 ,joan ,dem+1 ,danbury1 ,conn41 ,r\te #b4 ,f4 ,e>l& ,gilson1 ,groton1 ,mass4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,kuhne1 ,woodbury1 ,conn4 ,reub5 ,j4 ,kurtz1 ,holly1 ,mi*41 ,r4 ,no4 #c1 ,box #cb4 ,h>vey ,losee1 ,upp] ,r$ ,hook1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,a4 ,pat*1 ,we/ ,t[ns5d1 ,mass1 ,box #gg4 ,e4 ,pom]oy1 ,w9dsor1 ,conn4 7,nut ,no4 #a74 ,ru? ,a4 ,reeves1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,y4 ,snyd] ,bros41 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 7,nut ,no4 #a1 se$l+74 ,mort ,/u>ts1 ,hazel ,dell1 ,ill4 7,nuts ,no4 #d1 ,no4 #e1 ,no4 #f74 ,walt] ,k4 ,wilson1 ,wat]t[n1 ,conn41 ,lock ,box #b4 ,kate ,yawg]1 ,port ,bryon1 ,n4 ,y4 7,nut ,no4 #a74 ,grant ,yeagley1 ,jame/[n1 ,p5n41 ,r4 ,r4 ,no4 ,i4 ,,black ,,walnuts--#ea ,,entries ,! prize w9n+ black walnuts exhibit$ & ! prizes aw>d$ are not$ 9 ! table ( page #aed4 ,!re is b "o species ( walnuts ( ! black walnut class native 9 ! nor? ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ea/]n black walnut1 ,juglans nigra4 ,9 ?is conte/ specim5s ( ! ,texas black walnut1 ,juglans rupe/ris1 & ( ! ,cali=nia black walnut1 ,juglans h9dsii 7 ent]$4 ,te/s on ^! two black walnuts are not$ = ! purpose ( record al?\gh no *>act]i/ics ( value 7 not$4 ,! ,cali=nia black walnut has a smoo!r %ell ?an ! ea/]n black walnut4 ,! ,texas black walnut has beautiful will[y foliage & gr[s v late 9 ! fall & holds its leaves mu* long] ?an ! o!r walnuts & x is ( dw>f habit ( gr[?4 ,te/s on ! ,w]n] black walnut are not$ because x is ! l>ge/ black walnut we h4 ,! black walnuts s5t 9 ?is ye> 7 mu* poor] on ! :ole ?an ^? exhibit$ 9 "s ye>s4 ,"s well kn[n trees bore sc>cely a nut4 ,"s well kn[n propagat$ black walnuts 7 te/$ b only two ( !m te/$ out high en\gh to get into ! prize w9n+ class1 ! ,?omas & ,t5 ,eyck4 ,f :at we "k ( ! v>iation ( nuts p>ticul>ly ( black walnuts1 x is evid5t t we mu/ te/ black walnuts m ?an "o ye> to get a good idea ( _! value4 ,! nut s5t 9 by ,john ,s4 ,bomb]ges is p>ticul>ly noticeable on acc\nt ( ! unusually f9e flavor ( ! k]nel & w\ld seem to be a /&>d ( excell5ce = black walnut k]nels4 ,o!r black walnuts receiv$ f3 ,william ,a4 ,agn]1 ,rockport1 ,ind41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #a4 ,george ,a4 ,ede1 ,cobd51 ,ill4 ,m4 ,h4 ,hoov]1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,s4 ,ket*um1 ,middlefield1 ,ohio4 7,nuts ,no4 #a1 #c1 #e1 #aa1 #ab74 ,a4 ,h4 ,lang1 #afbh ,coll+wood ,ave41 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 7,nut ,no4 #a74 ,james ,e4 ,ripley1 ,tippecanoe1 ,o41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #b4 7,nut ,no4 #b74 ,s4 ,a4 ,toy1 ,freeman1 ,w4 ,va4 7,nut ,no4 #a74 ,g4 ,g4 ,truman1 ,p]rysville1 ,ohio4 ,box #afg4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,peanut black walnut4 ,ira ,c4 ,wilson1 ,new ,truxton1 ,mo4 ,,black ,,walnuts ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,c4 ,s4 ,ket*um ,middlefield1 ,o4 ,b #a #ad4a;g#c4f;g#b4i;g#c4f;g#ahekg #be4e #hj4e ,nut ,no4 #aj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,john ,s4 ,bomb]ges ,lebanon1 ,pa4 ,b #b #af4d;g#c4i;g#b4e;g#c4d;g#bjhkg #bc4h #fd4a ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,h5ry ,hicks ,we/bury1 ,n4 ,y4 ,b #c #ac4f;g#c4a;g#a4f;g#c4a;g#bbbkg #bb4h #ea4f ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,amy ,a4 ,alley ,lagrangeville1 ,n4,y4 ,b #d #ae4h;g#c4c;g#b4a;g#c4c;g#aggkg #bj4i #ec4g ,n ! #aiah prize nut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,james ,e4 ,ripley ,tippecanoe1 ,o4 ,b #d #bf4g;g#f4c;g#c4g;g#f4c;g#bdgkg #bc4f #eh4h ,nut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,snyd] ,bros4 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 ,b #ai4g;g#d4g;g#c4f;g#c4i;g#bdgkg #bc4i #gf4f ,?omas black walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,a4 ,h4 ,lang ,tol$o1 ,o4 ,b #e #bj4e;g#d4f;g#b4i;g#d4a;g#cackg #bb4d #fc4a ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 ,b #e #bj4c;g#d4e;g#b4d;g#c4h;g#biakg #bb4b #ec4d ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,e4 ,m4 ,t5 ,eyck ,s4 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4 ,b #af4g;g#c4e;g#a4h;g#c4a;g#aedkg #ba4j #ea4e ,t5 ,eyck black walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c4 ,s4 ,ket*um ,middlefield1 ,o4 ,b #f #bj4a;g#d4g;g#b4d;g#c4e;g#bigkg #bc4d #ea4b ,nut ,no4 #i ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,s4 ,a4 ,toy ,freeman1 ,w4 ,va4 ,b #g #ba4i;g#e4e;g#a4f;g#c4i;g#bbekg #bj4e #bi4a ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,arnold ,arboretum ,jamaica ,pl'n41 ,mass4 ,r #f4a;g#j4i;g#j4g;g#j4h;g#cegkg #ad4h #fg4h ,f ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,g4 ,hung] ,tolh\se1 ,calif4 ,c #bb4c;g#e4j;g#a4i;g#c4a;g#djgkg #bb4d #ch4j ,cali=nia black walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,edw>d ,a4 ,w]n] ,m>ion1 ,ia4 ,r#e ,b #cj4d;g#f4e;g#a4d;g#b4e;g#ceckg #ba4d #ba4e ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,c4 ,s4 ,ket*um ,middlefield1 ,o4 #ajj4j #b #d #c #c #g #bj #d #d #g #ah #ga ,nut ,no4 #aj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,john ,s4 ,bomb]ges ,lebanon1 ,pa4 #hg4a #c #a #d #d #f #af #c #d #e #bc #fi ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,h5ry ,hicks ,we/bury1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #a #c #c #d #f #bj #b #d #e #bj #fh ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,amy ,a4 ,alley ,lagrangeville1 ,n4,y4 #ajj4j #b #c #c #d #g #bj #c #d #c #ah #fg ,n ! #aiah prize nut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,james ,e4 ,ripley ,tippecanoe1 ,o4 #ajj4j #h #c #c #c #e #bj #b #c #e #ae #fg ,nut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,snyd] ,bros4 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 #hc4j #d #d #d #d #e #ae #c #c #e #bj #fg ,?omas black walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,a4 ,h4 ,lang ,tol$o1 ,o4 #hi4b #e #c #c #d #c #ag #c #b #d #bj #fd ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,kate ,yawg] ,port ,byron1 ,n4 ,y4 #hd4e #e #c #c #d #c #af #b #d #d #bj #fd ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,e4 ,m4 ,t5 ,eyck ,s4 ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j4 #hh4f #c #c #d #d #h #ag #b #b #d #ae #fb ,t5 ,eyck black walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,c4 ,s4 ,ket*um ,middlefield1 ,o4 #gd4e #e #c #c #c #f #ac #b #c #e #ah #fa ,nut ,no4 #i ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,s4 ,a4 ,toy ,freeman1 ,w4 ,va4 #ga4j #e #c #d #d #f #ab #a #b #c #bj #fj ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,arnold ,arboretum ,jamaica ,pl'n41 ,mass4 #hi4j #a #d #e #d #a #ag #c #a #j #ae #ea ,f ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,g4 ,hung] ,tolh\se1 ,calif4 #fb4j #f #e #e #d #j #aj #a #b #d #bj #eg ,cali=nia black walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,edw>d ,a4 ,w]n] ,m>ion1 ,ia4 ,r#e #ch4daj #b #b #c #a #d #a #d #d #bj #ea ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,! abbreviations us$ "u ! species column are3 ,b = ,black walnut 7,juglans nigra71 ,c = ,cali=nia black walnut 7,juglans h9dsii71 ,r = 7,juglans rupe/ris74 ,,tn3 la/ column 9 r[ #aa correct$ to #ea f #di ,,butt]japs--,,butt]nuts1 ,,japan ,,walnuts1 ,,& ,,hybrids--#cc ,,entries ,! butt]nut & ,japan walnuts & hybrids betwe5 !m are gr\p$ toge!r z !y 7 la/ ye> al?\gh b "o hybrid appe>$ ?is ye>4 ,! ne$ ( a "n to include ^! is app>5t & ! "n butt]japs to include butt]nuts1 ,japan walnuts1 & hybrids betwe5 !m is us$ ?is ye> foll[+ out la/ ye>'s sugge/ion4 ,x 0 a v poor ye> = ^! nuts1 _m well kn[n trees be>+ no crop at all4 ,! "o hybrid exhibit$ :i* 0 s5t 9 z a curiosity n = ! purpose ( be+ ent]$ 9 ! conte/ b x is int]e/+ to note t x took a prize1 al?\gh n a high "o4 ,! prize w9n+ nuts & prizes aw>d$ are not$ 9 ! table on page #aef4 ,o!r butt]nuts receiv$ f3 ,c4 ,delp1 ,morrison1 ,ohio4 7,nut ,no4 #d74 ,snyd] ,bros41 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 7,fairbanks butt]nut74 ,g4 ,g4 ,truman1 ,p]rysville1 ,ohio4 7,nuts ,no4 #b1 #c74 ,o!r ,japan walnuts receiv$ f3 ,l4 ,h4 ,p4 ,j4 ,jr4 ,b]ckmans1 #abac ,lam> ,bldg41 ,augu/a1 ,ga4 ,,butt]nuts ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 ,b #a #i4f;g#a4f;g#a4a;g#a4f;g#bhjkg #af4h #fg4h ,nut ,no4 #e ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 ,b #b #ag4b;g#b4g;g#b4g;g#b4g;g#cbjkg #ae4gajj4j ,nut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 ,b #b #ai4e;g#c4d;g#b4f;g#c4d;g#cdhkg #ag4d #gf4e ,pumfrey #bnd ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 ,b #c #ac4c;g#b4d;g#b4d;g#b4d;g#cbfkg #ah4jajj4j ,nut ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 ,b #d #ab4f;g#b4a;g#b4a;g#b4a;g#cjhkg #af4gajj4j ,nut ,no4 #e ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,joe ,p4 ,wilson ,l&on1 ,miss4 ,sx,b #e #ab4d;g#b4d;g#j4g;g#a4h;g#bddkg #ai4d #bh4a ,butt]jap ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,wm4 ,h4 ,kuhne ,woodbury1 ,conn4 ,b #f #h4g;g#a4g;g#a4j;g#a4f;g#bcbkg #ai4j #ei4j ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 ,b #g #aj4g;g#b4a;g 4#j;g#a4e;g#bejkg #ai4f #j4j ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 ,b #g #ag4e;g#c4a;g#a4c;g#a4h;g#cjjkg #ag4g #db4j ,pumfrey #a/ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,po/ma/] ,balsam1 ,n4 ,c4 ,b #h #ac4i;g#b4b;g#j4f;g#a4f;g#bdikg #af4j #bg4b ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 ,b #bb4f;g#c4c;g#j4b;g#a4i;g#cbjkg #ad4f #f4j ,nut ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 ,b #ad4d;g#b4c;g#j4e;g#a4a;g#bickg #ae4g #bb4a ,nut ,no4 #a1 ,r\nd %ape ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 #ajj4j #d #a #c #d #e #bj #c #d #c #bj #fg ,nut ,no4 #e ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 #ajj4j #h #j #c #b #a #bj #e #c #c #ah #fc ,nut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 #ajj4j #aj #j #b #c #j #bj #c #b #c #bj #fc ,pumfrey #bnd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 #ajj4j #f #a #b #d #a #bj #e #c #d #ae #fa ,nut ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 #ajj4j #e #j #b #d #a #bj #e #b #c #ah #fj ,nut ,no4 #e ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,joe ,p4 ,wilson ,l&on1 ,miss4 #gb4g #f #a #c #d #d #i #a #d #e #bj #eg ,butt]jap ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,wm4 ,h4 ,kuhne ,woodbury1 ,conn4 #id4c #c #a #a #d #d #ah #b #b #e #ae #ee ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,c4 ,delp ,morrison1 ,o4 #ga4e #d #a #c #d #c #aa #j #c #e #ah #eb ,nut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 #eh4j #i #j #b #d #a #h #b #b #d #bj #eb ,pumfrey #a/ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,po/ma/] ,balsam1 ,n4 ,c4 #gc4i #g #a #b #b #d #i #a #c #c #ah #ej ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 #eg4e #ab #j #a #c #a #g #j #c #b #ah #dg ,nut ,no4 #d ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,g4 ,g4 ,truman ,p]rysville1 ,o4 #dg4g #g #a #c #c #b #j #a #b #c #ae #cg ,nut ,no4 #a1 ,r\nd %ape ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,! abbreviations us$ "u ! species column are3 ,b = butt]nut 7,juglans c9]ea71 ,sx,b = ,siebold walnut1 x butt]nut hybrid 7,juglans ,sieboldiana x c9]ea74 ,,japan ,,walnuts ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ,h #a #g4f;g#b4b;g#a4h;g#b4b;g #gikg #bh4c #hc4h ,/rang] ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ,h #b #d4h;g#a4d;g#j4h;g#a4d;g #gikg #bi4g #eb4g ,tokio ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 ,h #c #e4a;g#a4e;g#a4e;g#a4e;g#aghkg #bi4fajj4j ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ,h #d #g4b;g#a4h;g#a4e;g#a4h;g#agbkg #be4b #hj4b ,he>tnut ne> ,mobile pecan ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 ,s #d #h4e;g#b4b;g#a4h;g#b4b;g#bfjkg #be4i #ha4i ,siebold walnut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,joe ,p4 ,wilson ,l&on1 ,miss4 8 #d #i4h;g#b4g;g#j4i;g#a4i;g #gekg #bg4f #ca4a ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 ,s #e #e4g;g#a4e;g#a4a;g#a4e;g#baekg #bf4c #gc4c ,siebold walnut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,o4 ,d4 ,fau/ ,bamb]g1 ,s4 ,c4 ,h #f #i4j;g#b4h;g#j4e;g#b4d;g#bcdkg #ca4a #ag4h ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,l4 ,j4 ,bryant ,son ,new>k1 ,n4 ,y4 ,s #g #f4h;g#a4g;g#j4i;g#a4a;g#achkg #bf4a #ee4h ,siebold walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,o4 ,d4 ,fau/ ,bamb]g1 ,s4 ,c4 ,s #h #h4g;g#a4i;g#j4j;g#a4g;g#adbkg #bb4e #j4j ,siebold walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ,hx,p #ab4b;g#b4h;g#a4c;g#b4b;g#daikg #bb4f #df4d ,cord+ walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 ,px,s #ac4j;g#b4b;g#j4j;g#j4e;g#cgjkg #af4i #j4j ,siebosian walnut ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 #ajj4j #b #d #b #e #i #bj #d #c #aa #ah #gh ,/rang] ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 #ig4b #j #d #c #d #i #ai #d #c #ab #ah #gf ,tokio ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 #ajj4j #a #c #d #d #f #bj #e #d #ab #ae #gd ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 #ajj4j #b #c #c #e #h #bj #d #c #i #ae #gb ,he>tnut ne> ,mobile pecan ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 #ajj4j #c #c #c #d #c #bj #d #d #aj #ah #gb ,siebold walnut ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,joe ,p4 ,wilson ,l&on1 ,miss4 #gb4f #d #d #c #d #aj #ab #a #c #aa #bj #gb ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,o4 ,f4 ,witte ,amh]/1 ,o4 #ajj4j #a #d #c #d #e #bj #c #d #aj #ae #fi ,siebold walnut ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,o4 ,d4 ,fau/ ,bamb]g1 ,s4 ,c4 #he4f #c #e #c #d #d #ae #j #c #ac #ah #fh ,he>tnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,l4 ,j4 ,bryant ,son ,new>k1 ,n4 ,y4 #ff4c #b #d #d #d #g #aj #b #c #aj #ah #fd ,siebold walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,o4 ,d4 ,fau/ ,bamb]g1 ,s4 ,c4 #hh4h #c #c #d #d #g #af #j #a #g #ah #fc ,siebold walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 #gh4b #e #c #c #d #j #ac #b #b #h #bj #fj ,cord+ walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,r4 ,bates ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c4 #bb4g #a #j #c #d #j #j #j #a #c #ae #bg ,siebosian walnut ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,! abbreviations "u ! species column are3 ,h = he>tnut 7,juglans cordi=nis71 ,s = ,siebold walnut 7,juglans ,sieboldiana71 ,hx,p = he>tnut x ,p]sian walnut hybrid 7,juglans cordi=nis x regia71 ,px,s = ,p]sian walnut x ,siebold walnut hybrid 7,juglans regia x ,sieboldiana74 ,9 ! case ( hybrids ! species fir/ nam$ is ! pi/illate p>5t4 ,,pecans--#ac ,,v>ieties ,"s v good nor!rn pecans 7 s5t 9 to ! #aiah conte/ & two ( !m are deem$ wor?y ( exp]im5tal propagation4 ,"o ( ^! ,dunn ,no4 #a1 _h a p>ticul>ly delici\s flavor & ! o!r ! ,koontz1 0 also a desirable nut4 ,!y are n l>ge b are almo/ exactly ! size ( ! ,moore pecan1 a s\!rn v>iety n[ attract+ a good deal ( att5tion4 ,specim5s ( ?ree nuts ( l>g] size 7 receiv$1 ! ,norton1 ,mc,callister & ,kl9e1 b n 9 suffici5t quantity to te/4 ,! weights are giv5 = ref]5ce4 ,te/s ( n9e /&>d s\!rn pecans are also %[n4 ,x w be notic$ t ! be/ pecans s5t to ! #aiai conte/ comp>e v favorably ) ^! f9e s\!rn pecans1 only ! ,s*ley be+ %[n sup]ior4 ,! nor!rn pecans are g5]ally small] ?an ! s\!rn1 h light] color$ %ell & light] color$ k]nel1 flavor e bit z good1 & %ell j z ?94 ,! prize w9n+ nuts & ! prizes aw>d$ are %[n 9 ! table on page #aeh4 ,! results ( te/s ( s\!rn pecans is ins]t$ ) "s hesitation4 ,^! pecans are judg$ by ! same score c>ds z are ! nor!rn pecans :i* is ! "o us$ = hickories4 ,inasmu* z ! pecans1 bo? nor!rn & s\!rn1 are judg$ by ! same /&>ds1 x is hop$ t ! figures may be ( "s value4 ,! writ] makes no claim to be+ an exp]t on ! s\!rn pecan & does n wi% ^! figures tak5 z 8 op9ion on ! relative m]its ( s\!rn pecans1 :i* h be5 gr[n 9 or*>d =m long en\gh s t regul>ity ( be>+1 size ( crops1 resi/ance to disease1 etc41 h be5 det]m9$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,^! are ( su* importance to ! practical pecan gr[] z to ov]balance to q an ext5t ! m]its ( ! nut itself :i* are ! only qualities t c be consid]$ 9 a nut conte/4 ,o!r pecans receiv$ f3 ,g4 ,m4 ,br[n1 ,van ,bur51 ,ark4 ,j4 ,h4 ,burkett1 ,clyde1 ,texas4 7,"y graft$ tree74 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,w4 ,evans1 ,blackwell1 ,okla4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,%ultz1 ,fulton1 ,ark4 ,snyd] ,bros41 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 7,pumfrey #a/1 #bnd74 ,,pecans ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 ,p #a #e4h;g#c4b;g#j4j;g#c4b;g #cdkg #ee4a #j4j ,pecan ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,e4 ,j4 ,koontz ,ri*>ds1 ,mo4 ,p #b #e4f;g#c4a;g#j4j;g#c4a;g #ce,kg #ee4d #j4j ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,clif=d ,crossville1 ,ill4 ,p #c #e4j;g#b4d;g#a4a;g#a4g;g #eckg #dh4j #de4h ,prolific ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,clif=d ,crossville1 ,ill4 ,p #d #d4d;g#b4f;g#a4c;g#b4f;g #fakg #ei4a #ej4j ,sweetmeat ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 ,p #e #f4c;g#c4a;g#j4j;g#c4a;g #chkg #di4c #j4j ,pecan ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,maida ,r4 ,we>s ,ri* ,hill1 ,mo4 ,p #e #c4a;g#a4e;g#a4d;g#a4d;g #bakg #de4c #ic4b ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 ,p #e #c4f;g#b4j;g#j4j;g#b4j;g #cdkg #ee4e #j4j ,ob]man ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 ,p #f #e4d;g#b4g;g#j4j;g#b4g;g #cakg #ej4j #j4j ,pecan ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,a4 ,g4 ,%ankl9 ,clemson ,college1 ,s4 ,c4 ,p #g #e4a;g#b4f;g#j4d;g#b4f;g #fdkg #ea4j #ae4d ---- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,addie ,g4 ,evans ,blackwell1 ,okla4 ,p #h #e4j;g#b4j;g#j4j;g#b4j;g #cekg #dj4j #j4j ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---- ---- ,p #h4a;g ,norton ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---- ---- ,px,l #ag4g;g ,mc,callister ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---- ---- ,px,l #bb4j;g ,kle9 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 #ajj4j #d #e #c #e #g #bj #j #d #aa #bj #gi ,pecan ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,e4 ,j4 ,koontz ,ri*>ds1 ,mo4 #ajj4j #d #e #d #e #g #bj #j #e #aa #ag #gh ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,clif=d ,crossville1 ,ill4 #gj4h #d #d #c #e #f #ab #b #e #i #ag #gg ,prolific ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,clif=d ,crossville1 ,ill4 #ajj4j #c #e #b #e #e #bj #b #d #ab #ag #ge ,sweetmeat ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 #ajj4j #d #d #c #e #g #bj #j #d #i #ah #gd ,pecan ,no4 #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,maida ,r4 ,we>s ,ri* ,hill1 ,mo4 #ic4b #b #d #c #e #h #ah #d #e #h #ag #gd ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,s4 ,w4 ,snyd] ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,ia4 #ajj4j #b #e #d #e #g #bj #j #e #aa #ae #gd ,ob]man ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,d4 ,k4 ,dunn ,wynne1 ,ark4 #ajj4j #d #e #c #e #g #bj #j #d #i #ae #gb ,pecan ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,a4 ,g4 ,%ankl9 ,clemson ,college1 ,s4 ,c4 #ajj4j #d #d #d #e #e #bj #j #d #aj #ae #ga ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,addie ,g4 ,evans ,blackwell1 ,okla4 #ajj4j #d #d #c #e #g #bj #j #e #g #ae #gj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ---- ---- ,norton ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ---- ---- ,mc,callister ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ---- ---- ,kle9 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,/&>d ,s\!rn ,v>ieties ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ---- ---- ,p #i4e;g#e4i;g#j4j;g#e4i;g #bikg #fb4a #j4j ,s*ley ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #h4f;g#d4h;g#j4j;g#d4h;g #bhkg #ee4h #j4j ,burkett ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #e4h;g#b4i;g#j4j;g#b4i;g #bekg #ej4j #j4j ,moore ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #h4c;g#e4d;g#j4j;g#e4d;g #cikg #ed4c #j4j ,alley ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #aj4a;g#d4i;g#j4j;g#d4i;g #ihkg #dh4e #j4j ,delmas ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #g4h;g#c4e;g#j4j;g#c4e;g #bjkg #dd4i #j4j ,moneymak] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #h4g;g#c4i;g#j4j;g#c4i;g #eikg #dd4h #j4j ,pab/ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #h4h;g#d4a;g#j4j;g#d4a;g #efkg #df4f #j4j ,/u>t ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---- ---- ,p #h4a;g#c4i;g#j4j;g#h4i;g #ifkg #dh4b #j4j ,v&eman ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ---- ---- #ajj4j #f #e #c #e #g #bj #j #c #ac #bj #hb ,s*ley ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #c #e #g #bj #j #d #aa #ah #gh ,burkett ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #d #e #d #e #h #bj #j #d #i #ah #gh ,moore ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #c #e #f #bj #j #c #aa #ai #gg ,alley ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #f #e #c #e #d #bj #j #d #i #bj #gf ,delmas ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #d #e #h #bj #j #c #h #ah #gf ,moneymak] ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #d #e #e #bj #j #c #h #ai #gd ,pab/ ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #c #e #e #bj #j #c #h #ah #gb ,/u>t ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---- ---- #ajj4j #e #e #c #e #d #bj #j #c #i #ah #gb ,v&eman ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,! abbreviations us$ "u ! species column are3 ,p = pecan 7,c>ya pecan71 ,px,l = pecan x %ellb>k hybrid 7,c>ya pecan x lac9iosa74 ,,hazels--#f ,,entries ,?is is ! fir/ "t ,i h _h opportunity ( te/+ ,ru% hazel :i* 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,ru% #ce ye>s ago1 b :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 has nev] be5 propagat$ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ 9 ! conte/s :]e x means li/$ 9 ! catalog ( "s nurs]yman :o is prep>$ to furni% graft$ or budd$ or lay]$ plants4 ,! value ( ?is hazel is n[ be+ recogniz$ & d\btless x w n be long t ?is w be ! case = x is by f> ! be/ ,am]ican hazel n[ kn[n4 ,! prize w9n+ nuts & ! prizes aw>d$ are %[n 9 ! table on page #afj4 ,foll[+ ! li/ ( ,am]ican hazels are #i v>ieties ( ,mr4 ,conrad ,voll]ts5's1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 mo/ ( !m ( ,g]man orig94 ,^! are giv5 ) _! ,g]man names4 ,^! names are giv5 "h = conv5i5ce = read]s & only = t1 = !y violate "o ( ! rules foll[$ 9 nam+ nuts4 ,!y w be ref]r$ to ! nom5clature committee at its next session4 ,foll[+ ,mr4 ,voll]ts5's hazels are five /&>d m>ket hazels gr[n on ! ,pacific coa/ :i* are not$ z matt]s ( record4 ,x w be not$ t ! ,:ite ,avel9e hazel has be5 plac$ high] ?an ! ,b>celona :5 judg$ by ! score c>d us$4 ,inasmu* z or*>ds ( ,:ite ,avel9e hazels 9 ! ,pacific nor?we/ are be+ replac$ by ,b>celona & ,du*illy because ,:ite ,avel9e nuts are too small to be saleable comm]cially1 x 0 que/ion$ z to :e!r ! score c>d 0 n at fault & :e!r mu* m emphasis %\ld n be put on size & less on quality ?an is ! case ) ! score c>d us$4 ,inasmu* z ! same score c>d has be5 us$ = all nuts except :]e x seem$ entirely unadapt$ 7because :5 ?is 0 done ! figures h a value !y o!rwise w\ld n 9 express+ ! relative value ( ea* species7 x seems v desirable ?is common score c>d be reta9$ = z _m nuts z possible4 ,!re are "s notable in/ances :]e fruits comm]cially important d n rank highe/ 9 quality1 e4 g41 ! ,elb]ta pea*1 ,b5 ,davis apple1 & ,kief] pe>1 !re=e x is ?\ght bett] n to emphasize size too /rongly 9 ! case ( hazels4 ,x is only fair to /ate1 h[ev]1 t mu* less "w has be5 put on judg+ hazels ?an on "s o!r nuts & p]haps our ideas w h to be revis$ lat]4 ,,hazels ,,key3 ,a3 ,species ,b3 ,prize aw>d$ ,c3 ,av]age weight ( nut ,d3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel ,e3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t dropp$ out aft] crack+ ,f3 ,av]age weight ( k]nel t c\ld be easily pick$ out ) f+]s aft] crack+ ,g3 ,av]age crack+ pressure ,h3 ,proportion ( k]nel ,i3 ,crack+ quality absolute ,j3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial ,k3 ,size 7#aj7 ,k3 ,=m 7#e7 ,m3 ,color ( %ell 7#e7 ,n3 ,husk+ quality 7#e7 ,o3 ,?9ness ( %ell 7#aj7 ,p3 ,crack+ quality comm]cial 7#bj7 ,q3 ,crack+ quality absolute 7#e7 ,r3 ,color ( k]nel 7#e7 ,s3 ,proportion ( k]nel 7#ae7 ,t3 ,quality ( k]nel 7#bj7 ,u3 ,total po9ts aw>d$ 7#ajj7 ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,am #a #b4a;g#a4j;g#a4j;g#a4j;g #cikg #de4g #ajj4j ,ru% hazel ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,miss ,l\ise ,littlepage ,b[ie1 ,md ,am #b #b4g;g 4#h;g 4#h;g 4#h;g #eikg #bh4c #ajj4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,w4 ,/rassel ,rockport1 ,ind ,am #b #a4i;g 4#g;g 4#g;g 4#g;g #cfkg #cf4e #ajj4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,priscilla ,r&all ,freeport1 ,o4 ,am #c #a4h;g 4#d;g 4#d;g 4#d;g #eakg #bb4g #ajj4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,lu!r ,w4 ,ve/ ,blacksburg1 ,va4 ,am #d #a4h;g 4#f;g 4#f;g 4#f;g #dikg #ca4h #ajj4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,william ,h4 ,kuhne ,woodbury1 ,conn4 ,am #e #a4d;g 4#d;g 4#d;g 4#d;g #ejkg #bg4i #ajj4j ---- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 8 #b4b;g 4#i;g 4#i;g 4#i;g #dfkg #da4d #ajj4j ,m$ium ,long ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,p #b4h;g#a4a;g#a4a;g#a4a;g #egkg #dj4d #ajj4j ,itali5is*e ,ro! ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,m #b4c;g 4#h;g 4#h;g 4#h;g #dbkg #ce4f #ajj4j ,lamb]tnuss ,ro! ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,m #b4e;g 4#i;g 4#i;g 4#i;g #dikg #cg4d #ajj4j ,m]veille de ,bollwill] ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,m #b4b;g 4#i;g 4#i;g 4#i;g #fjkg #dj4e #ajj4j ,lamb]tnuss ,weisse ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,p #a4g;g 4#h;g 4#h;g 4#h;g #ehkg #bj4d #ajj4j ,gunzeleb5] ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,av #a4h;g 4#g;g 4#g;g 4#g;g #fckg #cg4g #ajj4j ,al?ald5sleb5 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,av #a4i;g 4#h;g 4#h;g 4#h;g #gjkg #da4f #ajj4j ,grosse ,kugelnuss ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,p #b4a;g 4#g;g 4#g;g 4#g;g #dikg #cb4f #ajj4j ,m9na's ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #c4a;g#a4f;g#a4f;g#a4f;g #cckg #ea4j #ajj4j ,daviana ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #b4a;g#a4a;g#a4a;g#a4a;g #bfkg #di4c #ajj4j ,:ite ,avel9e ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #d4h;g#b4a;g#b4a;g#b4a;g #gikg #db4e #ajj4j ,noce ,lunghe ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #c4e;g#a4b;g#a4b;g#a4b;g #eakg #cc4a #ajj4j ,imp]ial ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #d4h;g#a4h;g#a4h;g#a4h;g #dbkg #da4h #ajj4j ,b>celona ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,"n ,,address ,,description ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #c #d #c #e #g #bj #b #d #ab #ah #gh ,ru% hazel ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,miss ,l\ise ,littlepage ,b[ie1 ,md #ajj4j #d #c #b #e #c #bj #d #d #b #ae #fb ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,w4 ,/rassel ,rockport1 ,ind #ajj4j #b #c #a #e #h #bj #c #a #g #ab #fb ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,mrs4 ,priscilla ,r&all ,freeport1 ,o4 #ajj4j #b #c #b #e #e #bj #d #e #j #ae #fa ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,lu!r ,w4 ,ve/ ,blacksburg1 ,va4 #ajj4j #b #c #j #e #e #bj #b #b #d #ae #eh ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,william ,h4 ,kuhne ,woodbury1 ,conn4 #ajj4j #a #c #c #e #e #bj #a #c #b #aj #ec ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #e #e #e #f #bj #c #e #i #bj #ha ,m$ium ,long ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #d #e #e #e #d #bj #c #d #i #bj #gi ,itali5is*e ,ro! ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #e #e #e #g #bj #d #d #f #ah #gg ,lamb]tnuss ,ro! ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #e #d #e #e #bj #d #d #g #ah #ge ,m]veille de ,bollwill] ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #e #e #e #c #bj #c #c #i #ah #gd ,lamb]tnuss ,weisse ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #a #e #d #e #d #bj #a #c #i #bj #gb ,gunzeleb5] ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #b #e #e #e #c #bj #d #e #g #ae #ga ,al?ald5sleb5 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #b #e #d #e #a #bj #b #c #aj #ae #fg ,grosse ,kugelnuss ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,conrad ,voll]ts5 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 #ajj4j #c #e #e #e #e #bj #a #c #e #ae #fg ,m9na's ,zell] ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #e #e #d #e #h #bj #d #c #ae #bj #hi ,daviana ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #c #e #c #e #aj #bj #e #c #ad #bj #hh ,:ite ,avel9e ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #aj #e #d #e #j #bj #d #c #aj #ah #gi ,noce ,lunghe ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #f #e #d #e #e #bj #b #c #e #ah #gh ,imp]ial ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 #ajj4j #h #e #c #e #g #bj #b #j #aj #bj #gj ,b>celona ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,! abbreviations us$ "u ! species column are3 ,am = ,am]ican hazel 7,corylus ,am]icana71 ,av = ,corylus ,avellana1 a ,european1 species1 ,m = ,corylus maxima1 a ,european species1 ,p = ,corylus pontica1 a ,european species4 ,x seems q probable t _m ( ! ,european v>ieties not$ above are hybrids & n pure species4 ,! species id5tification ( ! ,european v>ieties are ^? ( ,mr4 ,conrad ,voll]ts54 ,,p]sian ,,walnuts--#e ,,entries ,! prize w9n+ nuts & ! prizes aw>d$ are %[n 9 ! table on page #aed4 ,?is is ! fir/ "t t ,i h _h opportunity to te/ "s ( ! propagat$ ,p]sian walnuts4 ,! results %[n are giv5 = :at !y are wor?4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( ,p]sian walnuts h n z yet be5 exam9$ to enable u to det]m9e ! con/ants s t !y are z valuable z !y w be lat]1 & z !y are on ! hickories1 black walnuts1 & butt]nuts :]e hundr$s ( nuts h be5 exam9$4 ,consequ5tly1 conclusions bas$ on ! figures 9 ! table %\ld be cons]vatively drawn4 ,! position ( ! ,franquette at ! bottom ( ! li/ ( ! propagat$ nuts x is believ$ w be mat]ially *ang$ ) ! r$et]m9ation ( ! con/ants t an exam9ation ( a l>ge numb] ( nuts w\ld require4 ,,obs]vations ,! numb] ( entries 9 ! #aiai conte/ 0 ab\t #ej great] ?an 9 #aiah4 ,no hickories1 no black walnuts or butt]nuts deem$ wor?y ( exp]im5tal propagation appe>$ z 0 ! case 9 #aiah1 b on ! o!r h&1 two pecans1 ! ,dunn ,no4 #a & ,koontz1 x is believ$1 are well wor? :ile propagat+ exp]im5tally ev5 ?\gh ! ,dunn nut comes f a some:at m s\!rn section ?an ! o!r nor!rn pecans n[ be+ propagat$4 ,! ne$ = additional he>tnuts makes x seem advisable to propagate exp]im5tally ! ,/rang] he>tnut1 ev5 ?\gh x comes f ,jackson1 ,s4 ,c41 a section s f> s\? t ! s\!rn pecan gr[s & be>s well4 ,! conte/ has help$ to br+ out ! value ( ! ,ru% hazel1 :i* has be5 propagat$ exp]im5tally = a long "t b :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 has nev] be5 (f]$ to ! public by nurs]ym54 ,! foll[+ /&>ds = hickories h be5 e/abli%$3 ,! l>ge/ nut f\nd s f> is /ill ! ,mott %ellb>k1 :i* ,dr4 ,morris f\nd a numb] ( ye>s ago & :i* weighs #bi4f;g4 ,! ,ve/ hickory1 :i* among ! seem+ly pure %agb>ks1 _h ! record ( ! ?9ne/ %ell up to ! #aiah conte/1 has be5 surpass$ by ! ,beam ,no4 #a ( ! #aiai conte/1 :i* takes b #cckg to crack ! %ell4 ,! figure is surpass$ by "o bitt]nut hybrid ! ,beav] #bikg1 & by ! ,hat* bitt]nut #aikg1 & ! ,halesite bitt]nut #ackg4 ,! ,ve/ ( ! #aiad crop is /ill ! seem+ly pure %agb>k ) ! l>ge/ p]c5tage ( k]nel #eg4g4 ,?is is surpass$ by ! ,hat* bitt]nut #fe4j1 & ! ,halesite bitt]nut #fi4j4 ,no hickory has be5 f\nd to surpass ! ,ve/ 9 ! excell5ce ( flavor ( ! k]nel4 ,"o hickory1 ! ,b>nes1 #aiai conte/1 %[$ #ajj crack+ quality4 ,! foll[+ /&>ds = black walnuts h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! ,armkne*t ,no4 #b :i* held ! record la/ ye> has be5 surpass$ by ! ,w]n] ) a weight ( #cj4d;g4 ,! ?9ne/ %ell$ "o is /ill ! ,alley ( ! #aiah conte/1 ) a crack+ pressure ( #aajkg1 al?\gh ! ,t5 ,eyck ( ! #aiah conte/ 0 only slightly high]1 #abjkg4 ,! record = ! greate/ proportion ( k]nel is /ill ) ! ,t5 ,eyck ( ! #aiah conte/ #cf4d4 ,! ,t5 ,eyck black walnut exhibit$ 9 #aiai _h no su* records ( ?9ness ( %ell or proportion ( k]nel4 ,! ,/abl] is believ$ to be ! be/ crack] b ! ,alley ( ! #aiah conte/ %[$ #ajj4 ,! ,bomb]ges black walnut ( ! #aiai conte/ %[$ unusually f9e quality ( k]nel & is believ$ to hold ! record = quality ( k]nel s f>4 ,! foll[+ /&>ds = butt]japs 7i4 e41 butt]nuts1 ,japan walnuts & _! hybrids7 h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! ,wasson butt]nut :i* held ! record = size h]et(ore #ah4h;g has be5 surpass$ by two nuts ,pumfrey ,no4 #b1 #ai4e;g & ,truman ,no4 #d1 #bb4f;g4 ,! same high crack+ quality among ! pure butt]nuts not$ la/ ye> /ill cont9ues4 ,! ,rit*ie he>tnut ( ! #aiah conte/ /ill holds ! record = p]c5tage ( k]nel1 #cb4g4 ,"o pure butt]nut1 ! ,kuhne ( ! #aiai conte/1 ) #ai k]nel has be5 f\nd4 ,! ,aik5 butt]nut #bjjkg crack+ pressure is ! ?9ne/ %ell$ pure butt]nut yet f\nd4 ,! ?9ne/ %ell$ ,japan walnut yet f\nd is ! ,wilson ,seibold walnut ( ! #aiai conte/1 #gekg crack+ pressure4 ,! foll[+ /&>ds = pecans h be5 e/abli%$ 7includ+ ! pecan x %ellb>k hybrids :i* g5]ally resemble pecans 9 flavor & appe>ance & w\ld be class$ ) !m74 ,l>ge/1 ! ,kle91 #bb4j;g 9 weight4 ,( ! pure nor!rn pecans ! ,norton1 #h4a;g 9 weight is ! l>ge/4 ,( ! pure s\!rn pecans te/$ ! ,delmas #aj4a;g 9 weight is ! l>ge/4 ,( ! nor!rn pecans ! greate/ p]c5tage ( k]nel yet f\nd is ! ,clif=d ,sweetmeat ( ! #aiai conte/1 #eg4f ( k]nel1 foll[$ closely by ! ,koontz1 #ef4a & ! ,dunn1 #ee4e4 ,( ! s\!rn pecans ! ,s*ley1 #fb1 leads4 ,! ?9ne/ %ell$ nor!rn pecan yet te/$ is ! ,we>s ( ! #aiai conte/1 #bakg crack+ pressure2 ! ?9ne/ s\!rn pecan is ! ,burkett1 #bgkg foll[$ closely by ! ,s*ley #bikg4 ,! f9e/ flavor$ among ! nor!rn pecans is ,dunn ,no4 #a1 :i* has a k]nel :i* is exceptionally delici\s4 ,! f9e/ flavor$ among ! s\!rn pecans is ! ,s*ley4 ,! foll[+ /&>ds = hazels h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! l>ge/ ,am]ican hazel yet f\nd is ! ,littlepage #b4g;g b ! ,ru%1 al?\gh a small] nut has a l>g] k]nel #a4j;g aga9/ 4#h;g = ! ,littlepage4 ,! ,ru% also has a great] proportion ( k]nel1 #de4g1 ?an any o!r native hazel yet te/$ or any =eign "o except+ ! ,:ite ,avel9e :i* has #di4c4 ,! ?9ne/ %ell$ ,am]ican hazel is ! ,ru% #cikg & ! ?9ne/ %ell$ =eign "o1 ! ,:ite ,avel9e #bfkg4 ,^? :o h giv5 ! matt] consid]ation are ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! great possibilities ( sy/ematic hybridization ( nut trees4 ,"w ( ?is k9d w h to be c>ri$ on accord+ to c>efully ?\ght out plans1 ! details ( :i* are n yet q cle> 9 all p>ticul>s4 ,! facts br\ght out by ?is conte/ h add$ to our k ( :at may be expect$ f our "w4 ,take ! hickory = example2 we h %ellb>k hickory nuts ne>ly ?ree times ! size ( ! be/ s\!rn pecans2 we h bitt]nut hickory nuts ) a proportion ( k]nel great] ?an t ( any pecan & ) %ell s ?91 t !y c be crack$ ) less pressure ?an any pecans ,i h ev] se52 we h 9 ! be/ %agb>ks1 flavor ( k]nel unsurpass$ 9 any nut4 ,!oretically1 x %\ld be possible to produce nuts 9 :i* ^! qualities are comb9$ to a l>ge degree4 ,simil> possibilities exi/ ) ! butt]nut & ! ,japan walnut :]e x is seem+ly possible to produce nuts 9 :i* ! qualities ( bo? w be comb9$ & get smoo?1 ?9-%ell$ butt]nuts or well flavor$ ,japan walnuts or desirable butt]japs1 z ,i am incl9$ to call !m4 ,an inspection ( ! table ( hickories %[ t #d out ( ! #bh receiv+ #fh po9ts or ov]1 are c]ta9ly hybrids4 ,!re are a numb] ( o!rs :]e x seems v probable t !y are hybrids4 ,!re are a numb] ( facts to sugge/ t "s ( our v ?9 %ell$ hickories1 :i* at fir/ sight seem to be %agb>ks1 are hybrids ( :i* ! %ellb>k or mock]nut is "o p>5t4 ,:y ! (fspr+ ( su* ?ick %ell$ nuts z ! %ellb>k or ! mock]nut & ! %agb>k %\ld be ?9 %ell$1 is m ?an ,i c imag9e4 ,we h two occurr5ces h[ev] :i* are significant4 ,on ! li/ ( ,japan walnuts two hybrids ( ! ,p]sian & ,japan walnut1 ,cord+ & ,siebosian are not$4 ,i h nev] te/$ a ,p]sian walnut :]e ! crack+ pressure runs mu* ov] #djkg & x is r unusual = a ,japan walnut to run mu* ov] #bjjkg1 yet ,cord+ is #daikg1 a /r5g? ( %ell great] ?an t ( any o!r nut s5t into ! conte/ ?is ye> & :i* is only f\nd among black walnuts & %ellb>k hickories4 ,siebosian is n v mu* less4 ,if two comp>atively ?9 %ell$ nuts w produce an (fspr+ ) a %ell s mu* ?ick] ?an ei!r p>5t1 x does n seem m impossible = two ?ick %ell$ nuts to produce ?9 %ell$ (fspr+s4