,! ,secret ( ,div9e ,civilization by #8,abdu'l-,bah ,edition #a1 7,septemb] #bjjf7 ,,baha',i ,,t]ms ,,( ,,use ,y h p]mission to freely make & use copies ( ! text & any o!r in=mation 7,cont5t7 available on ?is ,site includ+ pr9t+1 email+1 po/+1 di/ribut+1 copy+1 d[nload+1 upload+1 transmitt+1 display+ ! ,cont5t 9 :ole or 9 "p subject to ! foll[+3 #a4 ,our copyright notice & ! s\rce ref]5ce mu/ be atta*$ to ! ,cont5t2 #b4 ,! ,cont5t may n be modifi$ or alt]$ 9 any way except to *ange ! font or appe>ance2 #c4 ,! ,cont5t mu/ be us$ solely = a non-comm]cial purpose4 ,al?\gh ?is blanket p]mission to reproduce ! ,cont5t is giv5 freely su* t no special p]mission is requir$1 ! ,bah' ,int]national ,community reta9s full copyright protection = all ,cont5t includ$ at ?is ,site "u all applicable national & int]national laws4 ,= p]mission to publi%1 transmit1 display or o!rwise use ! ,cont5t = any comm]cial purpose1 please contact u 7http3_/_/ref]5ce4bahai4org_/en_/contact 4html74 ,,cont5ts ,baha'i ,t]ms ( ,use ,pages #a-bj ,pages #ba-dj ,pages #da-fj ,pages #fa-hj ,pages #ha-ajj ,pages #aja-aaf ,,pages #a-bj ,9 ! ,"n ( ,god ! ,clem5t1 ! ,m]ciful ,praise & ?anksgiv+ be unto ,provid5ce t out ( all ! realities 9 exi/5ce ,he has *os5 ! reality ( man & has honor$ x ) intellect & wisdom1 ! two mo/ lum9\s lights 9 ei!r _w4 ,?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ?is great end[m5t1 ,he has 9 e epo* ca/ on ! mirror ( creation new & wond]ful configurations4 ,if we look objectively ^u ! _w ( be+1 x w become app>5t t f age to age1 ! temple ( exi/5ce has cont9ually be5 embelli%$ ) a fre% grace1 & di/+ui%$ ) an ev]-v>y+ spl5dor1 d]iv+ f wisdom & ! p[] ( ?\ght4 ,?is supreme emblem ( ,god /&s fir/ 9 ! ord] ( creation & fir/ 9 rank1 tak+ prec$5ce ov] all creat$ ?+s4 ,witness to x is ! ,holy ,tradition1 8,be=e all else1 ,god creat$ ! m9d40 ,f ! dawn ( creation1 x 0 made to be reveal$ 9 ! temple ( man4 ,sanctifi$ is ! ,"l1 ,:o ) ! dazzl+ rays ( ?is /range1 heav5ly p[] has made our _w ( d>kness ! envy ( ! worlds ( light3 8,& ! e>? %all %9e ) ! light ( h] ,"l407#a7 ,holy & exalt$ is ,he1 ,:o has caus$ ! nature ( man to be ! dayspr+ ( ?is b\ndless grace3 8,! ,god ( m]cy ha? taught ! ,qur'n1 ha? creat$ man1 ha? taught him articulate spee*407#b7 ,o ye t h m9ds to "k6 ,raise up y\r suppliant h&s to ! heav5 ( ! "o ,god1 & humble y\rselves & be l[ly be=e ,him1 & ?ank ,him = ?is supreme end[m5t1 & implore ,him to succor u until1 9 ?is pres5t age1 godlike impulses may radiate f ! consci5ce ( mank9d1 & ?is div9ely k9dl$ fire :i* has be5 entru/$ to ! human he>t may nev] die away4 ,consid] c>efully3 all ^! highly v>i$ ph5om5a1 ^! concepts1 ?is k1 ^! te*nical proc$ures & philosophical sy/ems1 ^! sci5ces1 arts1 indu/ries & inv5tions--all are emanations ( ! human m9d4 ,:atev] p has v5tur$ deep] into ?is %oreless sea1 has come to excel ! re/4 ,! happ9ess & pride ( a nation consi/ 9 ?is1 t x %\ld %9e out l ! sun 9 ! high heav5 ( k4 8,%all !y :o h k & !y :o h x n1 be treat$ alike807#c7 ,& ! honor & di/9ction ( ! individual consi/ 9 ?is1 t he among all ! _w's multitudes %\ld become a s\rce ( social good4 ,is any l>g] b\nty conceivable ?an ?is1 t an individual1 look+ )9 himself1 %\ld f9d t by ! confirm+ grace ( ,god he has become ! cause ( peace & well-be+1 ( happ9ess & advantage to 8 fell[ m58 ,no1 by ! "o true ,god1 !re is no great] bliss1 no m complete delight4 ,h[ long %all we drift on ! w+s ( passion & va9 desire2 h[ long %all we sp5d our days l b>b>ians 9 ! dep?s ( ignorance & abom9ation8 ,god has giv5 u eyes1 t we may look ab\t u at ! _w1 & lay hold ( :atsoev] w fur!r civilization & ! arts ( liv+4 ,he has giv5 u e>s1 t we may he> & pr(it by ! wisdom ( s*ol>s & philosoph]s & arise to promote & practice x4 ,s5ses & faculties h be5 be/[$ ^u u1 to be devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! g5]al good2 s t we1 di/+ui%$ above all o!r =ms ( life = p]ceptiv5ess & reason1 %\ld labor at all times & along all l9es1 :e!r ! occasion be great or small1 ord9>y or extraord9>y1 until all mank9d are safely ga!r$ into ! impregnable /ronghold ( k4 ,we %\ld cont9ually be e/abli%+ new bases = human happ9ess & creat+ & promot+ new in/rum5talities t[>d ?is end4 ,h[ excell5t1 h[ honorable is man if he arises to fulfil 8 responsibilities2 h[ wret*$ & contemptible1 if he %uts 8 eyes to ! welf>e ( society & wa/es 8 preci\s life 9 pursu+ 8 own selfi% int]e/s & p]sonal advantages4 ,supreme happ9ess is man's1 & he beholds ! signs ( ,god 9 ! _w & 9 ! human s\l1 if he urges on ! /e$ ( high endeavor 9 ! ar5a ( civilization & ju/ice4 8,we w surely %[ !m ,our signs 9 ! _w & )9 !mselves407#d7 ,& ?is is man's utt]mo/ wret*$ness3 t he %\ld live in]t1 apa!tic1 dull1 involv$ only ) 8 own base appetites4 ,:5 he is ?us1 he has 8 be+ 9 ! deepe/ ignorance & savag]y1 s9k+ l[] ?an ! brute bea/s4 8,!y are l ! brutes3 ,yea1 !y g m a/ray444 ,= ! vile/ bea/s 9 ,god's sight1 are ! deaf1 ! dumb1 :o und]/& n407#e7 ,we mu/ n[ highly resolve to arise & lay hold ( all ^? in/rum5talities t promote ! peace & well-be+ & happ9ess1 ! k1 culture & indu/ry1 ! dignity1 value & /ation1 ( ! entire human race4 ,?us1 ?r\gh ! re/or+ wat]s ( pure int5tion & unselfi% ef=t1 ! e>? ( human pot5tialities w blossom ) its own lat5t excell5ce & fl[] into praisewor?y qualities1 & be> & fl\ri% until x comes to rival t roseg>d5 ( k :i* belong$ to our =efa!rs4 ,!n w ?is holy l& ( ,p]sia become 9 e s5se ! focal c5t] ( human p]fections1 reflect+ z if 9 a mirror ! full panoply ( _w civilization4 ,all praise & honor be to ! ,dayspr+ ( ,div9e wisdom1 ! ,dawn+ ,po9t ( ,revelation 7,muammad71 & to ! holy l9e ( ,8 desc5dants1 s9ce1 by ! widespread rays ( ,8 consummate wisdom1 ,8 univ]sal k1 ^? savage d5iz5s ( ,ya?rib 7,m$9a7 & ,ba? 7,mecca71 miracul\sly1 & 9 s brief a "t1 7 drawn out ( ! dep?s ( _! ignorance1 rose up to ! p9nacles ( le>n+1 & became c5t]s ( arts & sci5ces & human p]fections1 & />s ( felicity & true civilization1 %9+ across ! horizons ( ! _w4 ,8 ,maje/y ! ,%h has1 at ! pres5t "t1 #ahge resolv$ to br+ ab\t ! advancem5t ( ! ,p]sian p1 _! welf>e & security & ! prosp]ity ( _! c\ntry4 ,he has spontane\sly ext5d$ assi/ance to 8 subjects1 display+ en]gy & fair-m9d$ness1 hop+ t by ! light ( ju/ice he might make rn ! envy ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 & set t f9e f]vor :i* *>act]iz$ ! fir/ great epo*s ( ,p]sia to fl[+ aga9 ?r\gh ! ve9s ( h] p4 ,z is cle> to ! disc]n+1 ! writ] has = ?is reason felt x necess>y to put d[n1 = ! sake ( ,god alone & z a tribute to ?is high endeavor1 a brief /atem5t on c]ta9 urg5t que/ions4 ,to demon/rate t ,8 "o purpose is to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ,he has )held ,8 "n47#f7 ,s9ce ,he believes t guidance t[>d righte\sness is 9 itself a righte\s act1 ,he (f]s ^! few words ( c\nsel to ,8 c\ntry's sons1 words spok5 = ,god's sake alone & 9 ! _s ( a fai?ful fri5d4 ,our ,"l1 ,:o kn[s all ?+s1 be>s witness t ?is ,s]vant seeks no?+ b :at is "r & good2 = ,he1 a w&]] 9 ! des]t ( ,god's love1 has come into a realm :]e ! h& ( d5ial or ass5t1 ( praise or blame1 c t\* ,him n4 8,we n\ri% y\r s\ls = ! sake ( ,god2 ,we seek f y nei!r recomp5se nor ?anks407#g7 8,! h& is veil$1 yet ! p5 writes z bidd52 ,! horse leaps =w>d1 yet ! rid]'s hidd540 ,o p ( ,p]sia6 ,look into ^? blossom+ pages t tell ( ano!r day1 a "t long pa/4 ,read !m & wond]2 see ! great sight4 rn 9 t day 0 z ! he>t ( ! _w2 %e 0 ! bright tor* flam+ 9 ! assemblage ( mank9d4 ,h] p[] & glory %one out l ! morn+ above ! _w's horizons1 & ! spl5dor ( h] le>n+ ca/ its rays ov] ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,^w ( ! widespread empire ( ^? :o wore h] cr[n rea*$ ev5 to ! dwell]s 9 ! arctic circle1 & ! fame ( ! awesome pres5ce ( h] ,k+ ( ,k+s humbl$ ! rul]s ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,! greate/ ( ! _w's philosoph]s m>vel$ at ! wisdom ( h] gov]nm5t1 & h] political sy/em became ! model = all ! k+s ( ! f\r cont95ts !n kn[n4 ,%e 0 di/+ui%$ among all peoples = ! scope ( h] dom9ion1 %e 0 honor$ by all = h] praisewor?y culture & civilization4 ,%e 0 z ! pivot ( ! _w1 %e 0 ! s\rce & c5t] ( sci5ces & arts1 ! wellspr+ ( great inv5tions & discov]ies1 ! ri* m9e ( human virtues & p]fections4 ,! intellect1 ! wisdom ( ! individual memb]s ( ?is excell5t nation dazzl$ ! m9ds ( o!r peoples1 ! brilliance & p]ceptive g5ius t *>act]iz$ all ?is noble race ar\s$ ! envy ( ! :ole _w4 ,aside f t :i* is a matt] ( record 9 ,p]sian hi/ories1 x is /at$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--e/abli%$ today1 among all ,european peoples1 z a sacr$ & canonical ,text--t 9 ! "t ( ,cyrus1 call$ 9 ,iranian works ,bahman son ( ,if&yr1 ! ?ree hundr$ & sixty divisions ( ! ,p]sian ,empire ext5d$ f ! inn] conf9es ( ,india & ,*9a to ! f>!rmo/ rea*es ( ,yem5 & ,e?iopia47#h7 ,! ,greek acc\nts1 z well1 relate h[ ?is pr\d sov]eign came aga9/ !m ) an innum]able ho/1 & left _! own till !n victori\s dom9ion level ) ! du/4 ,he made ! pill>s ( all ! gov]nm5ts to quake2 accord+ to t au?oritative ,arab "w1 ! hi/ory ( ,abu'l-,fid1 he took ov] ! entire kn[n _w4 ,x is likewise record$ 9 ?is same text & else:]e1 t ,firaydn1 a k+ ( ! ,p%ddyn ,dyna/y--:o 0 inde$1 = 8 inh]5t p]fections1 8 p[]s ( judgm5t1 ! scope ( 8 k1 & 8 long s]ies ( cont9ual victories1 unique among all ! rul]s :o prec$$ & foll[$ him--divid$ ! :ole kn[n _w among 8 ?ree sons4 ,z atte/$ by ! annals ( ! _w's mo/ illu/ri\s peoples1 ! fir/ gov]nm5t to be e/abli%$ on e>?1 ! =emo/ empire to be organiz$ among ! nations1 0 ,p]sia's ?rone & diadem4 ,o p ( ,p]sia6 ,awake f y\r drunk5 sleep6 ,rise up f y\r le?>gy6 ,be fair 9 y\r judgm5t3 w ! dictates ( honor p]mit ?is holy l&1 once ! wellspr+ ( _w civilization1 ! s\rce ( glory & joy = all mank9d1 ! envy ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 to rema9 an object ( pity1 deplor$ by all nations8 ,%e 0 once ! noble/ ( peoples3 w y let contempor>y hi/ory regi/] = ! ages h] n[ deg5]ate /ate8 ,w y complac5tly accept h] pres5t wret*$ness1 :5 %e 0 once ! l& ( all mank9d's desire8 ,mu/ %e n[1 = ?is contemptible slo?1 ?is failure to /ruggle1 ?is utt] ignorance1 be acc\nt$ ! mo/ backw>d ( nations8 ,7 n ! p ( ,p]sia1 9 days long gone1 ! head & front ( intellect & wisdom8 ,did !y n1 by ,god's grace1 %9e out l ! day/> f ! horizons ( ,div9e k8 ,h[ is x t we are satisfi$ today ) ?is mis]able condition1 are engross$ 9 our lic5ti\s passions1 h bl9d$ ourselves to supreme happ9ess1 to t :i* is pleas+ 9 ,god's sight1 & h all become absorb$ 9 our selfi% conc]ns & ! se>* = ignoble1 p]sonal advantage8 ,?is faire/ ( l&s 0 once a lamp1 /ream+ ) ! rays ( ,div9e k1 ( sci5ce & art1 ( nobility & high a*ievem5t1 ( wisdom & valor4 ,today1 because ( ! idl5ess & le?>gy ( h] p1 _! torpor1 _! undiscipl9$ way ( life1 _! lack ( pride1 lack ( ambition--h] bright =tune has be5 totally eclips$1 h] light has turn$ to d>kness4 8,! sev5 heav5s & ! sev5 e>?s weep ov] ! mighty :5 he is br\ght l[40 ,x %\ld n be imag9$ t ! p ( ,p]sia are inh]5tly defici5t 9 intellig5ce1 or t = ess5tial p]ceptiv5ess & und]/&+1 inborn sagacity1 intuition & wisdom1 or innate capacity1 !y are inf]ior to o!rs4 ,god =bid6 ,on ! contr>y1 !y h always excell$ all o!r peoples 9 end[m5ts conf]r$ by bir?4 ,p]sia h]self1 moreov]1 f ! /&po9t ( h] temp]ate climate & natural beauties1 h] geographical advantages & h] ri* soil1 is bless$ to a supreme degree4 ,:at %e urg5tly requires1 h[ev]1 is deep reflection1 resolute action1 tra9+1 inspiration & enc\ragem5t4 ,h] p mu/ make a massive ef=t1 & _! pride mu/ be ar\s$4 ,today ?r\gh\t ! five cont95ts ( ! globe x is ,europe & mo/ sections ( ,am]ica t are r5[n$ = law & ord]1 gov]nm5t & comm]ce1 art & indu/ry1 sci5ce1 philosophy & education4 ,yet 9 anci5t times ^! 7 ! mo/ savage ( ! _w's peoples1 ! mo/ ignorant & bruti%4 ,!y 7 ev5 /igmatiz$ z b>b>ians--t is1 utt]ly rude & unciviliz$4 ,fur!r1 f ! fif? c5tury aft] ,*ri/ until ! fifte5?1 t p]iod def9$ z ! ,middle ,ages1 su* t]rible /ruggles & fi]ce upheavals1 su* ru?less enc\nt]s & horrify+ acts1 7 ! rule among ! peoples ( ,europe1 t ! ,europeans rightly describe ^? t5 c5turies z ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,! basis ( ,europe's progress & civilization 0 actually laid 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & f t "t on1 all h] pres5t evid5t culture has be51 "u ! /imulus ( great m9ds & z a result ( ! expansion ( ! fronti]s ( k & ! ex]tion ( en]getic & ambiti\s ef=ts1 9 ! process ( developm5t4 ,today by ! grace ( ,god & ! spiritual influ5ce ( ,8 univ]sal ,manife/ation1 ! fair-m9d$ rul] ( rn has ga!r$ 8 p into ! %elt] ( ju/ice1 & ! s9c]ity ( ! imp]ial purpose has %[n itself 9 k+ly acts4 ,hop+ t 8 reign w rival ! glori\s pa/1 he has s\ght to e/abli% equity & righte\sness & to fo/] education & ! processes ( civilization ?r\gh\t ?is noble l&1 & to translate f pot5tiality into actuality :atev] w insure its progress4 ,n until n[ _h we se5 a mon>*1 hold+ 9 8 capable h&s ! re9s ( affairs1 & on ^: high resolve ! welf>e ( all 8 subjects dep5ds1 ex]t+ z x w\ld befit him1 l a b5evol5t fa!r1 8 ef=ts t[>d ! tra9+ & cultivation ( 8 p1 seek+ to insure _! well-be+ & peace ( m9d1 & exhibit+ due conc]n = _! int]e/s2 ?is ,s]vant & ^? l ,him h !re=e rema9$ sil5t4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 x is cle> to ! disc]n+ t ! ,%h has ( 8 own accord det]m9$ to e/abli% a j gov]nm5t & to secure ! progress ( all 8 subjects4 ,8 honorable int5tion has consequ5tly evok$ ?is pres5t /atem5t4 ,x is inde$ /range t in/ead ( (f]+ ?anks = ?is b\nty1 :i* truly d]ives f ! grace ( ,almighty ,god1 by aris+ z "o 9 gratitude & en?usiasm & pray+ t ^! noble purposes w daily multiply1 "s1 on ! contr>y1 ^: reason has be5 corrupt$ by p]sonal motives & ! cl>ity ( ^: p]ception has be5 cl\d$ by self-int]e/ & conceit2 ^: en]gies are devot$ to ! s]vice ( _! passions1 ^: s5se ( pride is p]v]t$ to ! love ( lead]%ip1 h rais$ ! /&>d ( opposition & wax$ l\d 9 _! compla9ts4 ,up to n[1 !y blam$ ! ,%h = n1 on 8 own initiative1 work+ = 8 p's welf>e & seek+ to br+ ab\t _! peace & well-be+4 ,n[ t he has inaugurat$ ?is great design !y h *ang$ _! tune4 ,"s say t ^! are newfangl$ me?ods & =eign isms1 q unrelat$ to ! pres5t ne$s & ! "t-honor$ cu/oms ( ,p]sia4 ,o!rs h ralli$ ! helpless masses1 :o "k no?+ ( religion or its laws & basic pr9ciples & !re=e h no p[] ( discrim9ation--& tell !m t ^! mod]n me?ods are ! practices ( hea!n peoples1 & are contr>y to ! v5]at$ canons ( true fai?1 & !y add ! say+1 8,he :o imitates a p is "o ( !m40 ,"o gr\p insi/s t su* re=ms %\ld g =w>d ) great delib]ation1 /ep by /ep1 ha/e be+ inadmissible4 ,ano!r ma9ta9s t only su* measures %\ld be adopt$ z ! ,p]sians !mselves devise1 t !y !mselves %\ld re=m _! political adm9i/ration & _! educational sy/em & ! /ate ( _! culture & t !re is no ne$ to borr[ improvem5ts f o!r nations4 ,e faction1 9 %ort1 foll[s its own p>ticul> illusion4 ,o p ( ,p]sia6 ,h[ long w y w&]8 ,h[ long mu/ y\r confusion la/8 ,h[ long w x g on1 ?is conflict ( op9ions1 ?is useless antagonism1 ?is ignorance1 ?is refusal to ?9k8 ,o!rs are al]t1 & we sleep our dreamless sleep4 ,o!r nations are mak+ e ef=t to improve _! condition2 we are trapp$ 9 our desires & self-indulg5ces1 & at e /ep we /umble into a new sn>e4 ,god is ,our witness t ,we h no ult]ior motive 9 develop+ ?is !me4 ,we seek nei!r to curry favor ) any "o nor to attract any "o to ,ourselves nor to d]ive any mat]ial b5efit !refrom4 ,we speak only z "o e>ne/ly desir+ ! good pleasure ( ,god1 = ,we h turn$ ,our gaze away f ! _w & its peoples & h s\ght refuge 9 ! %elt]+ c>e ( ! ,"l4 8,no pay d ,i ask ( y = ?is444 ,my rew>d is ( ,god alone407#i7 ,^? :o ma9ta9 t ^! mod]n concepts apply only to o!r c\ntries & are irrelevant 9 rn1 t !y d n satisfy h] requirem5ts or suit h] way ( life1 disreg>d ! fact t o!r nations 7 once z we are n[4 ,did n ^! new sy/ems & proc$ures1 ^! progressive ent]prises1 contribute to ! advancem5t ( ^? c\ntries8 ,7 ! p ( ,europe h>m$ by ! adoption ( su* measures8 ,or did !y r by ^! means rea* ! highe/ degree ( mat]ial developm5t8 ,is x n true t = c5turies1 ! p ( ,p]sia h liv$ z we see !m liv+ today1 c>ry+ out ! patt]n ( ! pa/8 ,h any disc]nible b5efits result$1 has any progress be5 made8 ,if ^! ?+s _h n be5 te/$ by exp]i5ce1 "s 9 ^: m9ds ! light ( native intellig5ce is cl\d$1 might idly "q !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 h[ev]1 e aspect ( ^! pr]equisites to progress h 9 o!r c\ntries be5 "t & aga9 put to ! te/1 & _! b5efits demon/rat$ s pla9ly t ev5 ! dulle/ m9d c grasp !m4 ,let u consid] ?is ju/ly & )\t bias3 let u ask ourselves :i* "o ( ^! basic pr9ciples & s\nd1 well-e/abli%$ proc$ures w\ld fail to satisfy our pres5t ne$s1 or w\ld be incompatible ) ,p]sia's be/ political int]e/s or injuri\s to ! g5]al welf>e ( h] p4 ,w\ld ! ext5sion ( education1 ! developm5t ( useful arts & sci5ces1 ! promotion ( indu/ry & te*nology1 be h>mful ?+s8 ,= su* endeavor lifts ! individual )9 ! mass & raises him out ( ! dep?s ( ignorance to ! highe/ rea*es ( k & human excell5ce4 ,w\ld ! sett+ up ( j legislation1 9 accord ) ! ,div9e laws :i* gu>antee ! happ9ess ( society & protect ! rights ( all mank9d & are an impregnable pro( aga9/ assault--w\ld su* laws1 insur+ ! integrity ( ! memb]s ( society & _! equality be=e ! law1 inhibit _! prosp]ity & success8 ,or if by us+ "o's p]ceptive faculties1 "o c draw analogies f pres5t circum/ances & ! conclusions arriv$ at by collective exp]i5ce1 & c envisage z com+ realities situations n[ only pot5tial1 w\ld x be unreasonable to take su* pres5t measures z w\ld gu>antee our future security8 ,w\ld x seem %ortsight$1 improvid5t & uns\nd1 w\ld x con/itute a deviation f :at is "r & prop]1 if we 7 to /r5g!n our relation%ips ) neighbor+ c\ntries1 ent] into b9d+ treaties ) ! great p[]s1 fo/] fri5dly connections ) well-dispos$ gov]nm5ts1 look to ! expansion ( trade ) ! nations ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 develop our natural res\rces & increase ! weal? ( our p8 ,w\ld x spell p]dition = our subjects if ! prov9cial & di/rict gov]nors 7 reliev$ ( _! pres5t absolute au?ority1 :]eby !y function exactly z !y please1 & 7 in/ead limit$ to equity & tru?1 & if _! s5t5ces involv+ capital puni%m5t1 imprisonm5t & ! l 7 cont+5t on confirmation by ! ,%h & by high] c\rts 9 ! capital1 :o w\ld fir/ duly inve/igate ! case & det]m9e ! nature & s]i\sness ( ! crime1 & !n h& d[n a j decision subject to ! issuance ( a decree by ! sov]eign8 ,if brib]y & corruption1 kn[n today by ! pleasant names ( gifts & favors1 7 =ev] exclud$1 w\ld ?is ?reat5 ! f\ndations ( ju/ice8 ,w\ld x be an evid5ce ( uns\nd ?9k+ to deliv] ! soldi]y1 :o are a liv+ sacrifice to ! /ate & ! p & brave dea? at e turn1 f _! pres5t extreme mis]y & indig5ce1 & to make adequate arrangem5ts = _! su/5ance1 clo?+ & h\s+1 & ex]t e ef=t to in/ruct _! (fic]s 9 milit>y sci5ce1 & supply !m ) ! mo/ advanc$ types ( fire>ms & o!r weapons8 ,%\ld anyone object t ! above-m5tion$ re=ms h nev] yet be5 fully effect$1 he %\ld consid] ! matt] imp>tially & "k t ^! defici5cies h result$ f ! total abs5ce ( a unifi$ public op9ion1 & ! lack ( zeal & resolve & devotion 9 ! c\ntry's lead]s4 ,x is obvi\s t n until ! p are educat$1 n until public op9ion is rightly focus$1 n until gov]nm5t (ficials1 ev5 m9or ones1 are free f ev5 ! lea/ remnant ( corruption1 c ! c\ntry be prop]ly adm9i/]$4 ,n until discipl9e1 ord] & good gov]nm5t rea* ! degree :]e an individual1 ev5 if he %\ld put =? 8 utmo/ ef=ts to d s1 w\ld /ill f9d himself unable to deviate by s mu* z a hair's bread? f righte\sness1 c ! desir$ re=ms be reg>d$ z fully e/abli%$4 ,fur!rmore1 any ag5cy :atev]1 ?\gh x be ! in/rum5t ( mank9d's greate/ good1 is capable ( misuse4 ,its prop] use or abuse dep5ds on ! v>y+ degrees ( enlight5m5t1 capacity1 fai?1 hone/y1 devotion & highm9d$ness ( ! lead]s ( public op9ion4 ,! ,%h has c]ta9ly done 8 "p1 & ! execution ( ! propos$ b5eficial measures is n[ 9 ! h&s ( p]sons function+ 9 assemblies ( consultation4 ,if ^! individuals prove to be pure & high-m9d$1 if !y rema9 free f ! ta9t ( corruption1 ! confirmations ( ,god w make !m a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( b\nty to mank9d4 ,he w cause to issue f _! lips & _! p5s :at w bless ! p1 s t e corn] ( ?is noble c\ntry ( rn w be illum9$ ) _! ju/ice & integrity & ! rays ( t light w encompass ! :ole e>?4 8,nei!r w ?is be difficult ) ,god407#aj7 ,o!rwise x is cle> t ! results w prove unacceptable4 ,= x has be5 directly witness$ 9 c]ta9 =eign c\ntries t foll[+ on ! e/abli%m5t ( p>liam5ts ^? bodies actually di/ress$ & confus$ ! p & _! well-meant re=ms produc$ malefic5t results4 ,:ile ! sett+ up ( p>liam5ts1 ! organiz+ ( assemblies ( consultation1 con/itutes ! v f\ndation & b$rock ( gov]nm5t1 !re are sev]al ess5tial requirem5ts :i* ^! in/itutions mu/ fulfill4 ,fir/1 ! elect$ memb]s mu/ be righte\s1 ,god-fe>+1 high-m9d$1 incorruptible4 ,second1 !y mu/ be fully cognizant1 9 e p>ticul>1 ( ! laws ( ,god1 in=m$ z to ! highe/ pr9ciples ( law1 v]s$ 9 ! rules :i* gov]n ! managem5t ( int]nal affairs & ! conduct ( =eign relations1 skill$ 9 ! useful arts ( civilization1 & cont5t ) _! lawful emolum5ts4 ,let x n be imag9$ t memb]s ( ?is type w\ld be impossible to f9d4 ,?r\gh ! grace ( ,god & ,8 *os5 ones1 & ! high endeavors ( ! devot$ & ! consecrat$1 e difficulty c be easily resolv$1 e problem h[ev] complex w prove simpl] ?an bl9k+ an eye4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! memb]s ( ^! consultative assemblies are inf]ior1 ignorant1 un9=m$ ( ! laws ( gov]nm5t & adm9i/ration1 unwise1 ( l[ aim1 indiff]5t1 idle1 self-seek+1 no b5efit w accrue f ! organiz+ ( su* bodies4 ,:]e1 9 ! pa/1 if a poor man want$ 8 rights he _h only to (f] a gift to "o individual1 n[ he w\ld ei!r h to r5\nce all hope ( ju/ice or else satisfy ! entire memb]%ip4 ,close inve/igation w %[ t ! prim>y cause ( oppression & inju/ice1 ( unrighte\sness1 irregul>ity & disord]1 is ! p's lack ( religi\s fai? & ! fact t !y are un$ucat$4 ,:51 = example1 ! p are g5u9ely religi\s & are lit]ate & well-s*ool$1 & a difficulty pres5ts itself1 !y c apply to ! local au?orities2 if !y d n meet ) ju/ice & secure _! rights & if !y see t ! conduct ( ! local gov]nm5t is incompatible ) ! ,div9e good pleasure & ! k+'s ju/ice1 !y c !n take _! case to high] c\rts & describe ! deviation ( ! local adm9i/ration f ! spiritual law4 ,^? c\rts c !n s5d = ! local records ( ! case & 9 ?is way ju/ice w be done4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 because ( _! inadequate s*ool+1 mo/ ( ! population lack ev5 ! vocabul>y to expla9 :at !y want4 ,z to ^? p]sons :o1 "h & !re1 are consid]$ lead]s ( ! p3 because ?is is only ! beg9n+ ( ! new adm9i/rative process1 !y are n yet suffici5tly advanc$ 9 _! education to h exp]i5c$ ! delights ( disp5s+ ju/ice or to h ta/$ ! exhil>ation ( promot+ righte\sness or to h drunk f ! spr+s ( a cle> consci5ce & a s9c]e int5t4 ,!y h n prop]ly und]/ood t man's supreme honor & real happ9ess lie 9 self-respect1 9 high resolves & noble purposes1 9 integrity & moral quality1 9 immaculacy ( m9d4 ,!y h1 r1 imag9$ t _! greatness consi/s 9 ! accumulation1 by :atev] means may (f]1 ( worldly goods4 ,a man %\ld pause & reflect & be j3 8 ,"l1 out ( measureless grace1 has made him a human be+ & honor$ him ) ! words3 8,v]ily1 ,we creat$ man 9 ! goodlie/ ( =ms07#aa7--;& caus$ ,8 m]cy :i* rises out ( ! dawn ( on5ess to %9e d[n ^u him1 until he became ! wellspr+ ( ! words ( ,god & ! place :]e ! my/]ies ( heav5 alight$1 & on ! morn+ ( creation he 0 cov]$ ) ! rays ( ! qualities ( p]fection & ! graces ( hol9ess4 ,h[ c he /a9 ?is immaculate g>m5t ) ! fil? ( selfi% desires1 or ex*ange ?is ev]la/+ honor = infamy8 8,do/ ?\ ?9k ?yself only a puny =m1 :5 ! univ]se is fold$ up )9 !e807#ab7 ,7 x n our purpose to be brief & to develop our prim>y subject1 we w\ld "h set d[n a summ>y ( !mes f ! ,div9e _w1 z to ! reality ( man & 8 high /ation & ! surpass+ value & wor? ( ! human race4 ,let ?is be1 = ano!r "t4 ,! highe/ /ation1 ! supreme sph]e1 ! noble/1 mo/ sublime position 9 creation1 :e!r visible or invisible1 :e!r alpha or omega1 is t ( ! ,prophets ( ,god1 not)/&+ ! fact t = ! mo/ "p !y h to outw>d seem+ be5 possess$ ( no?+ b _! own pov]ty4 ,9 ! same way1 ineffable glory is set ap>t = ! ,holy ,ones & ^? :o are ne>e/ to ! ,?re%old ( ,god1 al?\gh su* z ^! h nev] = a mom5t conc]n$ !mselves ) mat]ial ga94 ,!n comes ! /ation ( ^? j k+s ^: fame z protectors ( ! p & disp5s]s ( ,div9e ju/ice has fill$ ! _w1 ^: "n z p[]ful *ampions ( ! p's rights has e*o$ ?r\gh creation4 ,^! give no ?\ght to amass+ enorm\s =tunes = !mselves2 !y believe1 r1 t _! own weal? lies 9 enri*+ _! subjects4 ,to !m1 if e individual citiz5 has afflu5ce & ease1 ! royal c(f]s are full4 ,!y take no pride 9 gold & silv]1 b r 9 _! enlight5m5t & _! det]m9ation to a*ieve ! univ]sal good4 ,next 9 rank are ^? em95t & honorable m9i/]s ( /ate & repres5tatives1 :o place ! w ( ,god above _! own1 & ^: adm9i/rative skill & wisdom 9 ! conduct ( _! (fice raises ! sci5ce ,,pages #ba-dj ( gov]nm5t to new heights ( p]fection4 ,!y %9e 9 ! le>n$ _w l lamps ( k2 _! ?9k+1 _! attitudes & _! acts demon/rate _! patriotism & _! conc]n = ! c\ntry's advancem5t4 ,cont5t ) a mode/ /ip5d1 !y consecrate _! days & nights to ! execution ( important duties & ! devis+ ( me?ods to insure ! progress ( ! p4 ,?r\gh ! effectiv5ess ( _! wise c\nsel1 ! s\ndness ( _! judgm5t1 !y h ev] caus$ _! gov]nm5t to become an example to be foll[$ by all ! gov]nm5ts ( ! _w4 ,!y h made _! capital city a focal c5t] ( great _w und]tak+s1 !y h won di/9ction1 atta9+ a supreme degree ( p]sonal em95ce1 & rea*+ ! l(tie/ heights ( repute & "*4 ,aga91 !re are ^? fam$ & accompli%$ m5 ( le>n+1 possess$ ( praisewor?y qualities & va/ erudition1 :o lay hold on ! /rong h&le ( ! fe> ( ,god & keep to ! ways ( salvation4 ,9 ! mirror ( _! m9ds ! =ms ( transc5d5t realities are reflect$1 & ! lamp ( _! inn] vision d]ives its light f ! sun ( univ]sal k4 ,!y are busy by night & by day ) meticul\s rese>* into su* sci5ces z are pr(itable to mank9d1 & !y devote !mselves to ! tra9+ ( /ud5ts ( capacity4 ,x is c]ta9 t to _! disc]n+ ta/e1 ! pr(f]$ treasures ( k+s w\ld n comp>e ) a s+le drop ( ! wat]s ( k1 & m\nta9s ( gold & silv] c\ld n outweigh ! successful solution ( a difficult problem4 ,to !m1 ! delights t lie outside _! "w are only toys = *ildr51 & ! cumb]some load ( unnecess>y possessions is only good = ! ignorant & base4 ,cont5t1 l ! birds1 !y give ?anks = a h&ful ( se$s1 & ! song ( _! wisdom dazzles ! m9ds ( ! _w's mo/ wise4 ,aga91 !re are sagaci\s lead]s among ! p & influ5tial p]sonalities ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 :o con/itute ! pill>s ( /ate4 ,_! rank & /ation & success dep5d on _! be+ ! well-wi%]s ( ! p & 9 _! seek+ out su* means z w improve ! nation & w increase ! weal? & com=t ( ! citiz5s4 ,obs]ve ! case :5 an individual is an em95t p]son 9 8 c\ntry1 zeal\s1 wise1 pure-he>t$1 kn[n = 8 innate capacity1 intellig5ce1 natural p]spicacity--& is also an important memb] ( ! /ate3 :at1 = su* an individual1 c be reg>d$ z honor1 abid+ happ9ess1 rank & /ation1 :e!r 9 ! "h or ! h]eaft]8 ,is x a dilig5t att5tion to tru? & righte\sness1 is x d$ication & resolve & devotion to ! good pleasure ( ,god1 is x ! desire to attract ! favorable consid]ation ( ! rul] & to m]it ! approval ( ! p8 ,or w\ld x1 r1 consi/ 9 ?is1 t = ! sake ( indulg+ 9 fea/s & dissipations by night he %\ld und]m9e 8 c\ntry & break ! he>ts ( 8 p by day1 caus+ 8 ,god to reject him1 & 8 sov]eign to ca/ him out & 8 p to defame him & hold him 9 des]v$ contempt8 ,by ,god1 ! m\ld]+ bones 9 ! gravey>d are bett] ?an su* z ^!6 ,( :at value are !y1 :o h nev] ta/$ ! heav5ly food ( truly human qualities1 & nev] drunk ( ! cry/all9e wat]s ( ^? b\nties :i* belong to ! realm ( man8 ,x is unque/ionable t ! object 9 e/abli%+ p>liam5ts is to br+ ab\t ju/ice & righte\sness1 b ev]y?+ h+es on ! ef=ts ( ! elect$ repres5tatives4 ,if _! int5tion is s9c]e1 desirable results & un=ese5 improvem5ts w be =?com+2 if n1 x is c]ta9 t ! :ole ?+ w be mean+less1 ! c\ntry w come to a /&/ill & public affairs w cont9u\sly det]iorate4 8,i see a ?\s& build]s unequal to "o subv]t]2 :at !n ( ! "o build] :o is foll[$ by a ?\s& subv]t]s80 ,! purpose ( ! =ego+ /atem5ts is to demon/rate at lea/ ?is1 t ! happ9ess & greatness1 ! rank & /ation1 ! pleasure & peace1 ( an individual h nev] consi/$ 9 8 p]sonal weal?1 b r 9 8 excell5t "*1 8 high resolve1 ! bread? ( 8 le>n+1 & 8 ability to solve difficult problems4 ,h[ well has x be5 said3 8,on my back is a g>m5t :i*1 7 x sold = a p5ny1 t p5ny w\ld be wor? f> m2 yet )9 ! g>m5t is a s\l :i*1 if y weigh$ x aga9/ all ! s\ls 9 ! _w1 w\ld prove great] & nobl]40 ,9 ! pres5t writ]'s view x w\ld be pref]able if ! election ( nonp]man5t memb]s ( consultative assemblies 9 sov]eign /ates %\ld be dep5d5t on ! w & *oice ( ! p4 ,= elect$ repres5tatives w on ?is acc\nt be some:at incl9$ to ex]cise ju/ice1 le/ _! reputation suff] & !y fall into disfavor ) ! public4 ,x %\ld n be imag9$ t ! writ]'s e>li] rem>ks con/itute a d5unciation ( weal? or a comm5dation ( pov]ty4 ,weal? is praisewor?y 9 ! highe/ degree1 if x is acquir$ by an individual's own ef=ts & ! grace ( ,god1 9 comm]ce1 agriculture1 art & indu/ry1 & if x be exp5d$ = philan?ropic purposes4 ,above all1 if a judici\s & res\rceful individual %\ld initiate measures :i* w\ld univ]sally enri* ! masses ( ! p1 !re c\ld be no und]tak+ great] ?an ?is1 & x w\ld rank 9 ! sight ( ,god z ! supreme a*ievem5t1 = su* a b5efactor w\ld supply ! ne$s & insure ! com=t & well-be+ ( a great multitude4 ,weal? is mo/ comm5dable1 provid$ ! entire population is weal?y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a few h inord9ate ri*es :ile ! re/ are impov]i%$1 & no fruit or b5efit accrues f t weal?1 !n x is only a liability to its possessor4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x is exp5d$ = ! promotion ( k1 ! f\nd+ ( elem5t>y & o!r s*ools1 ! enc\ragem5t ( art & indu/ry1 ! tra9+ ( orphans & ! poor--9 brief1 if x is d$icat$ to ! welf>e ( society--its possessor w /& out be=e ,god & man z ! mo/ excell5t ( all :o live on e>? & w be acc\nt$ z "o ( ! p ( p>adise4 ,z to ^? :o ma9ta9 t ! inauguration ( re=ms & ! sett+ up ( p[]ful in/itutions w\ld 9 reality be at v>iance ) ! good pleasure ( ,god & w\ld contrav5e ! laws ( ! ,div9e ,law-,giv] & run c\nt] to basic religi\s pr9ciples & to ! ways ( ! ,prophet--let !m consid] h[ ?is c\ld be ! case4 ,w\ld su* re=ms contrav5e ! religi\s law because !y w\ld be acquir$ f =eign]s & w\ld !re=e cause u to be z !y are1 s9ce 8,he :o imitates a p is "o ( !m08 ,9 ! fir/ place ^! matt]s relate to ! temporal & mat]ial app>atus ( civilization1 ! implem5ts ( sci5ce1 ! adjuncts ( progress 9 ! pr(essions & ! arts1 & ! ord]ly conduct ( gov]nm5t4 ,!y h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! problems ( ! _s & ! complex realities ( religi\s doctr9e4 ,if x be object$ t ev5 :]e mat]ial affairs are conc]n$ =eign importations are inadmissible1 su* an argum5t w\ld only e/abli% ! ignorance & absurdity ( its propon5ts4 ,h !y =gott5 ! celebrat$ _h? 7,holy ,tradition73 8,seek aft] k1 ev5 unto ,*9a08 ,x is c]ta9 t ! p ( ,*9a 71 9 ! sight ( ,god1 among ! mo/ reject$ ( m51 because !y wor%ip$ idols & 7 unm9dful ( ! omnisci5t ,"l4 ,! ,europeans are at lea/ 8,peoples ( ! ,book10 & believ]s 9 ,god & specifically ref]r$ to 9 ! sacr$ v]se1 8,?\ %alt c]ta9ly f9d ^? to be ne>e/ 9 affection to ! believ]s1 :o say1 #8,we are ,*ri/ians4'07#ac7 ,x is !re=e q p]missible & inde$ m appropriate to acquire k f ,*ri/ian c\ntries4 ,h[ c\ld seek+ aft] k among ! hea!n be acceptable to ,god1 & seek+ x among ! ,p ( ! ,book be repugnant to ,him8 ,fur!rmore1 9 ! ,battle ( ! ,conf$]ates1 ,ab ,sfyn enli/$ ! aid ( ! ,ban ,k9nih1 ! ,ban ,qahtn & ! ,jewi% ,ban ,qurayzih & rose up ) all ! tribes ( ! ,quray% to put out ! ,div9e ,light t flam$ 9 ! lamp ( ,ya?rib 7,m$9a74 ,9 ^? days ! great w9ds ( trials & tribulations 7 bl[+ f e direction1 z x is writt53 8,d m5 ?9k :5 !y say #8,we believe' !y %all be let alone & n be put to pro(807#ad7 ,! believ]s 7 few & ! enemy attack+ 9 =ce1 seek+ to blot out ! new-ris5 ,sun ( ,tru? ) ! du/ ( oppression & tyranny4 ,!n ,salmn 7! ,p]sian7 came into ! pres5ce ( ! ,prophet--! ,dawn+-,po9t ( revelation1 ! ,focus ( ! endless spl5dors ( grace--& he said t 9 ,p]sia to protect !mselves f an encroa*+ ho/ !y w\ld dig a moat or tr5* ab\t _! l&s1 & t ?is _h prov$ a highly effici5t safegu>d aga9/ surprise attacks4 ,did t ,wellspr+ ( univ]sal wisdom1 t ,m9e ( div9e k say 9 reply t ?is 0 a cu/om curr5t among idolatr\s1 fire-wor%ip+ ,magians & c\ld !re=e h>dly be adopt$ by mono!i/s8 ,or did ,he r imm$iately direct ,8 foll[]s to set ab\t digg+ a tr5*8 ,he ev51 9 ,8 ,own bless$ p]son1 took hold ( ! tools & w5t to "w beside !m4 ,x is moreov] a matt] ( record 9 ! books ( ! v>i\s ,islamic s*ools & ! writ+s ( lead+ div9es & hi/orians1 t aft] ! ,light ( ! ,_w _h ris5 ov] ijz1 flood+ all mank9d ) ,its brilliance1 & creat+ ?r\gh ! revelation ( a new div9e ,law1 new pr9ciples & in/itutions1 a fundam5tal *ange ?r\gh\t ! _w--holy laws 7 reveal$ :i* 9 "s cases con=m$ to ! practices ( ! ,days ( ,ignorance47#ae7 ,among ^!1 ,muammad respect$ ! mon?s ( religi\s truce17#af7 reta9$ ! prohibition ( sw9e's fle%1 cont9u$ ! use ( ! lun> cal5d> & ! names ( ! mon?s & s on4 ,!re is a consid]able numb] ( su* laws specifically enum]at$ 9 ! texts3 8,! p ( ! ,days ( ,ignorance engag$ 9 _m practices :i* ! ,law ( ,islm lat] confirm$4 ,!y w\ld n take 9 m>riage bo? a "m & h] daught]1 & ! mo/ %ameful ( acts 9 _! view 0 to m>ry two si/]s4 ,!y w\ld /igmatize a man m>ry+ ! wife ( 8 fa!r1 d]isively call+ him 8 fa!r's competitor4 ,x 0 _! cu/om to g on pilgrimage to ! ,h\se at ,mecca1 :]e !y w\ld p]=m ! c]emonies ( visitation1 putt+ on ! pilgrim's dress1 practic+ ! circumambulation1 runn+ betwe5 ! hills1 paus+ at all ! /opp+-places1 & ca/+ ! /ones4 ,x 01 fur!rmore1 _! wont to int]calate "o mon? 9 e ?ree-ye> p]iod1 to p]=m ablutions aft] int]c\rse1 to r9se out ! m\? & snuff up wat] ?r\gh ! no/rils1 to "p ! hair1 use ! too?-/ick1 p>e ! nails & pluck ! armpits4 ,!y w\ld1 likewise1 cut (f ! "r h& ( a ?ief40 ,c "o1 ,god =bid1 assume t because "s ( ! div9e laws resemble ! practices ( ! ,days ( ,ignorance1 ! cu/oms ( a p abhorr$ by all nations1 x foll[s t !re is a defect 9 ^! laws8 ,or c "o1 ,god =bid1 imag9e t ! ,omnipot5t ,"l 0 mov$ to comply ) ! op9ions ( ! hea!n8 ,! div9e wisdom takes _m =ms4 ,w\ld x h be5 impossible = ,muammad to reveal a ,law :i* bore no resemblance :atev] to any practice curr5t 9 ! ,days ( ,ignorance8 ,r1 ! purpose ( ,8 consummate wisdom 0 to free ! p f ! *a9s ( fanaticism :i* _h b\nd !m h& & foot1 & to =e/all ^? v objections :i* today confuse ! m9d & tr\ble ! consci5ce ( ! simple & helpless4 ,"s1 :o are n suffici5tly in=m$ z to ! mean+ ( ! div9e ,texts & ! cont5ts ( traditional & writt5 hi/ory1 w av] t ^! cu/oms ( ! ,days ( ,ignorance 7 laws :i* _h come d[n f ,8 ,hol9ess ,abraham & _h be5 reta9$ by ! idolat]s4 ,9 ?is connection !y w cite ! ,qur'nic v]se3 8,foll[ ! religion ( ,abraham1 ! s\nd 9 fai?407#ag7 ,nev]!less x is a fact atte/$ by ! writ+s ( all ! ,islamic s*ools t ! mon?s ( truce1 ! lun> cal5d>1 & ! cutt+ (f ( ! "r h& z puni%m5t = !ft1 =m$ no "p ( ,abraham's ,law4 ,9 any case1 ! ,p5tateu* is extant & available today1 & conta9s ! laws ( ,abraham4 ,let !m ref] to x4 ,!y w !n1 ( c\rse1 insi/ t ! ,torah has be5 tamp]$ )1 & 9 pro( w quote ! ,qur'nic v]se3 8,!y p]v]t ! text ( ! ,^w ( ,god407#ah7 ,x is1 h[ev]1 kn[n :]e su* di/ortion has occurr$1 & is a matt] ( record 9 critical texts & comm5t>ies47#ai7 ,7 ,we to develop ! subject beyond ?is brief ref]5ce1 ,we w\ld h to ab&on ,our pres5t purpose4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts1 mank9d has be5 direct$ to borr[ v>i\s good qualities & ways f wild animals1 & to le>n a lesson f ^!4 ,s9ce x is p]missible to imitate virtues ( dumb animals1 x is c]ta9ly f> m s to borr[ mat]ial sci5ces & te*niques f =eign peoples1 :o at lea/ belong to ! human race & are di/+ui%$ by judgm5t & ! p[] ( spee*4 ,& if x be cont5d$ t su* praisewor?y qualities are inborn 9 animals1 by :at pro( c !y claim t ^! ess5tial pr9ciples ( civilization1 ?is k & ^! sci5ces curr5t among o!r peoples1 are n inborn8 ,is !re any ,creator save ,god8 ,say3 ,prais$ be ,god6 ,! mo/ le>n$ & accompli%$ div9es1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ s*ol>s1 h dilig5tly /udi$ ^? bran*es ( k ! root & orig9 ( :i* 7 ! ,greek philosoph]s su* z ,ari/otle & ! re/1 & h reg>d$ ! acquisition f ! ,greek texts ( sci5ces su* z m$ic9e1 & bran*es ( ma!matics includ+ algebra7#bj7 & ari?metic1 z a mo/ valuable a*ievem5t4 ,e "o ( ! em95t div9es bo? /udies & tea*es ! sci5ce ( logic1 al?\gh !y consid] its f\nd] to h be5 a ,sabean4 ,mo/ ( !m h insi/$ t if a s*ol> has ?or\ghly ma/]$ a v>iety ( sci5ces b is n well gr\nd$ 9 logic1 8 op9ions1 d$uctions & conclusions _c safely be reli$ ^u4 ,x has n[ be5 cle>ly & irrefutably %[n t ! importation f =eign c\ntries ( ! pr9ciples & proc$ures ( civilization1 & ! acquisition f !m ( sci5ces & te*niques-- 9 brief1 ( :atsoev] w contribute to ! g5]al good--is entirely p]missible4 ,?is has be5 done to focus public att5tion on a matt] ( su* univ]sal advantage1 s t ! p may arise ) all _! en]gies to fur!r x1 until1 ,god help+ !m1 ?is ,sacr$ ,l& may )9 a brief p]iod become ! fir/ ( nations4 ,o y :o are wise6 ,consid] ?is c>efully3 c an ord9>y gun comp>e ) a ,m>t9i-,h5ry rifle or a ,krupp gun8 ,if anyone %\ld ma9ta9 t our old-"t fire>ms are good en\gh = u & t x is useless to import weapons :i* h be5 inv5t$ abroad w\ld ev5 a *ild li/5 to him8 ,or %\ld anyone say3 8,we h always transport$ m]*&ise f "o c\ntry to ano!r on ! backs ( animals4 ,:y d we ne$ /eam eng9es8 ,:y %\ld we try to ape o!r peoples80 c\ld any intellig5t p]son tol]ate su* a /atem5t8 ,no1 by ! "o ,god6 ,unless he %\ld1 because ( "s hidd5 design or animosity1 refuse to accept ! obvi\s4 ,=eign nations1 9 spite ( _! hav+ a*iev$ ! greate/ exp]tness 9 sci5ce1 indu/ry & ! arts1 d n hesitate to borr[ ideas f "o ano!r4 ,h[ c ,p]sia1 a c\ntry 9 ! dire/ ne$1 be all[$ to lag beh9d1 neglect$1 ab&on$8 ,^? em95t div9es & m5 ( le>n+ :o walk ! /raight pa?way & are v]s$ 9 ! secrets ( div9e wisdom & in=m$ ( ! inn] realities ( ! sacr$ ,books2 :o we> 9 _! he>ts ! jewel ( ! fe> ( ,god1 & ^: lum9\s faces %9e ) ! lights ( salvation--^! are al]t to ! pres5t ne$ & !y und]/& ! requirem5ts ( mod]n times1 & c]ta9ly devote all _! en]gies t[>d enc\rag+ ! advancem5t ( le>n+ & civilization4 8,are !y equal1 ^? :o "k1 & ^? :o d n "k8444 ,or is ! d>kness equal ) ! light807#ba7 ,! spiritually le>n$ are lamps ( guidance among ! nations1 & />s ( good =tune %9+ f ! horizons ( humank9d4 ,!y are f\nta9s ( life = su* z lie 9 ! dea? ( ignorance & unaw>5ess1 & cle> spr+s ( p]fections = ^? :o ?ir/ & w&] 9 ! wa/el& ( _! defects & errors4 ,!y are ! dawn+ places ( ! emblems ( ,div9e ,unity & initiates 9 ! my/]ies ( ! glori\s ,qur'n4 ,!y are skill$ physicians = ! ail+ body ( ! _w1 !y are ! sure antidote to ! poison t has corrupt$ human society4 ,x is !y :o are ! /rong citadel gu>d+ humanity1 & ! impregnable sanctu>y = ! sorely di/ress$1 ! anxi\s & torm5t$1 victims ( ignorance4 8,k is a light :i* ,god ca/e? into ! he>t ( :omsoev] ,he wille?40 ,= e ?+1 h[ev]1 ,god has creat$ a sign & symbol1 & e/abli%$ /&>ds & te/s by :i* x may be kn[n4 ,! spiritually le>n$ mu/ be *>act]iz$ by bo? inw>d & outw>d p]fections2 !y mu/ possess a good "*1 an enlight5$ nature1 a pure int5t1 z well z intellectual p[]1 brilliance & disc]nm5t1 intuition1 discretion & =esight1 temp]ance1 rev]5ce1 & a he>tfelt fe> ( ,god4 ,= an unlit c&le1 h[ev] great 9 diamet] & tall1 is no bett] ?an a b>r5 palm tree or a pile ( dead wood4 ,! fl[]-fac$ may sulk or play ! flirt1 ,! cruel fair may bridle & coquet2 ,b coyness 9 ! ugly is ill-met1 ,& pa9 9 a bl9d eye's a d\ble hurt407#bb7 ,an au?oritative ,tradition /ates3 8,z = him :o is "o ( ! le>n$37#bc7 he mu/ gu>d himself1 def5d 8 fai?1 oppose 8 passions & obey ! comm&m5ts ( 8 ,"l4 ,x is !n ! duty ( ! p to patt]n !mselves aft] him40 ,s9ce ^! illu/ri\s & holy words embody all ! conditions ( le>n+1 a brief comm5t>y on _! mean+ is appropriate4 ,:oev] is lack+ 9 ^! div9e qualifications & does n demon/rate ^! inescapable requirem5ts 9 8 own life1 %\ld n be ref]r$ to z le>n$ & is n wor?y to s]ve z a model = ! believ]s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! requirem5ts is to gu>d "o's own self4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is does n ref] to protect+ oneself f calamities & mat]ial te/s1 = ! ,prophets & sa9ts 71 ea* & e "o1 subject$ to ! bitt]e/ afflictions t ! _w has to (f]1 & 7 t>gets = all ! cruelties & aggressions ( mank9d4 ,!y sacrific$ _! lives = ! welf>e ( ! p1 & ) all _! he>ts !y ha/5$ to ! place ( _! m>tyrdom2 & ) _! inw>d & outw>d p]fections !y array$ humanity 9 new g>m5ts ( excell5t qualities1 bo? acquir$ & inborn4 ,! prim>y mean+ ( ?is gu>d+ ( oneself is to acquire ! attributes ( spiritual & mat]ial p]fection4 ,! fir/ attribute ( p]fection is le>n+ & ! cultural atta9m5ts ( ! m9d1 & ?is em95t /ation is a*iev$ :5 ! individual comb9es 9 himself a ?or\gh k ( ^? complex & transc5d5tal realities p]ta9+ to ,god1 ( ! fundam5tal tru?s ( ,qur'nic political & religi\s law1 ( ! cont5ts ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures ( o!r fai?s1 & ( ^? regulations & proc$ures :i* w\ld contribute to ! progress & civilization ( ?is di/+ui%$ c\ntry4 ,he %\ld 9 addition be in=m$ z to ! laws & pr9ciples1 ! cu/oms1 conditions & mann]s1 & ! mat]ial & moral virtues *>act]iz+ ! /atecraft ( o!r nations1 & %\ld be well v]s$ 9 all ! useful bran*es ( le>n+ ( ! day1 & /udy ! hi/orical records ( bygone gov]nm5ts & peoples4 ,= if a le>n$ individual has no k ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures & ! entire field ( div9e & natural sci5ce1 ( religi\s jurisprud5ce & ! arts ( gov]nm5t & ! v>i$ le>n+ ( ! "t & ! great ev5ts ( hi/ory1 he might prove unequal to an em]g5cy1 & ?is is inconsi/5t ) ! necess>y qualification ( compreh5sive k4 ,if = example a spiritually le>n$ ,muslim is conduct+ a debate ) a ,*ri/ian & he kn[s no?+ ( ! glori\s melodies ( ! ,gospel1 he w1 no matt] h[ mu* he imp>ts ( ! ,qur'n & its tru?s1 be unable to conv9ce ! ,*ri/ian1 & 8 words w fall on deaf e>s4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ri/ian obs]ve t ! ,muslim is bett] v]s$ 9 ! fundam5tals ( ,*ri/ianity ?an ! ,*ri/ian prie/s !mselves1 & und]/&s ! purport ( ! ,scriptures ev5 bett] ?an !y1 he w gladly accept ! ,muslim's argum5ts1 & he w\ld inde$ h no o!r rec\rse4 ,:5 ! ,*ief ( ! ,exile7#bd7 came into ! pres5ce ( t ,lum9>y ( div9e wisdom1 ( salvation & c]titude1 ! ,imm ,ri--_h ! ,imm1 t m9e ( k1 fail$ 9 ! c\rse ( _! int]view to base 8 argum5ts on au?ority appropriate & famili> to ! ,exil>*1 ! latt] w\ld nev] h ackn[l$g$ ! greatness ( ,8 ,hol9ess4 ,! /ate is1 moreov]1 bas$ ^u two pot5t =ces1 ! legislative & ! executive4 ,! focal c5t] ( ! executive p[] is ! gov]nm5t1 :ile t ( ! legislative is ! le>n$--& if ?is latt] great support & pill> %\ld prove defective1 h[ is x conceivable t ! /ate %\ld /&8 ,9 view ( ! fact t at ! pres5t "t su* fully develop$ & compreh5sively le>n$ individuals are h>d to come by1 & ! gov]nm5t & p are 9 dire ne$ ( ord] & direction1 x is ess5tial to e/abli% a body ( s*ol>s ! v>i\s gr\ps ( ^: memb]%ip w\ld ea* be exp]t 9 "o ( ! a=em5tion$ bran*es ( k4 ,?is body %\ld ) ! greate/ en]gy & vigor delib]ate z to all pres5t & future requirem5ts1 & br+ ab\t equilibrium & ord]4 ,up to n[ ! religi\s law has n be5 giv5 a decisive role 9 our c\rts1 because ea* ( ! #8ulam has be5 h&+ d[n decrees z he saw fit1 bas$ on 8 arbitr>y int]pretation & p]sonal op9ion4 ,= example1 two m5 w g to law1 & "o ( ! #8ulam w f9d = ! pla9tiff & ano!r = ! def5dant4 ,x may ev5 happ5 t 9 "o & ! same case two conflict+ decisions w be h&$ d[n by ! same mujtahid1 on ! gr\nds t he 0 inspir$ fir/ 9 "o direction & !n 9 ! o!r4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is /ate ( affairs has confus$ e important issue & mu/ jeop>dize ! v f\ndations ( society4 ,= nei!r ! pla9tiff nor ! def5dant ev] loses hope ( ev5tual success1 & ea* 9 turn w wa/e 8 life 9 ! attempt to secure a lat] v]dict :i* w\ld rev]se ! previ\s "o4 ,_! entire "t is ?us giv5 ov] to litigation1 ) ! result t _! life in/ead ( be+ devot$ to b5eficial und]tak+s & necess>y p]sonal affairs1 is completely involv$ ) ! dispute4 ,inde$1 ^! two litigants might j z well be dead1 = !y c s]ve _! gov]nm5t & community n a p>ticle4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a def9ite & f9al v]dict 7 =?com+1 ! duly convict$ p>ty w\ld p]=ce give up all hope ( reop5+ ! case1 & w\ld !n be reliev$ on t score & w\ld g back to look+ aft] 8 own conc]ns & ^? ( o!rs4 ,s9ce ! prim>y means = secur+ ! peace & tranquillity ( ! p1 & ! mo/ effective ag5cy = ! advancem5t ( high & l[ alike1 is ?is all-important matt]1 x is incumb5t on ^? le>n$ memb]s ( ! great consultative assembly :o are ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! ,div9e law to evolve a s+le1 direct & def9ite proc$ure = ! settlem5t ( litigations4 ,?is in/rum5t %\ld !n be publi%$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry by ord] ( ! k+1 & its provisions %\ld be /rictly adh]$ to4 ,?is all-important "q requires ! mo/ urg5t att5tion4 ,! second attribute ( p]fection is ju/ice & imp>tiality4 ,?is means to h no reg>d = "o's own p]sonal b5efits & selfi% advantages1 & to c>ry out ! laws ( ,god )\t ! slighte/ conc]n = any?+ else4 ,x means to see "o's self z only "o ( ! s]vants ( ,god1 ! ,all-,possess+1 & except = aspir+ to spiritual di/9ction1 nev] attempt+ to be s+l$ out f ! o!rs4 ,x means to consid] ! welf>e ( ! community z "o's own4 ,x means1 9 brief1 to reg>d humanity z a s+le individual1 & "o's own self z a memb] ( t corporeal =m1 & to "k ( a c]ta9ty t if pa9 or injury afflicts any memb] ( t body1 x mu/ inevitably result 9 suff]+ = all ! re/4 ,! ?ird requirem5t ( p]fection is to arise ) complete s9c]ity & purity ( purpose to educate ! masses3 to ex]t ! utmo/ ef=t to in/ruct !m 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( le>n+ & useful sci5ces1 to enc\rage ! developm5t ( mod]n progress1 to wid5 ! scope ( comm]ce1 indu/ry & ! arts1 to fur!r su* measures z w increase ! p's weal?4 ,= ! mass ( ! population is un9=m$ z to ^! vital ag5cies :i* w\ld con/itute an imm$iate rem$y = society's *ronic ills4 ,x is ess5tial t s*ol>s & ! spiritually le>n$ %\ld und]take 9 all s9c]ity & purity ( int5t & = ! sake ( ,god alone1 to c\nsel & exhort ! masses & cl>ify _! vision ) t collyrium :i* is k4 ,= today ! p out ( ! dep?s ( _! sup]/ition1 imag9e t any individual :o believes 9 ,god & ,8 signs1 & 9 ! ,prophets & ,div9e ,revelations & laws1 & is a dev\t & ,god-fe>+ p]son1 mu/ ( necessity rema9 idle & sp5d 8 days 9 slo?1 s z to be consid]$ 9 ! sight ( ,god z "o :o has =sak5 ! _w & its vanities1 set 8 he>t on ! life to come1 & isolat$ himself f human be+s 9 ord] to draw ne>] to ,god4 ,s9ce ?is !me w be develop$ else:]e 9 ! pres5t text1 ,we %all leave x = ! mom5t4 ,o!r attributes ( p]fection are to fe> ,god1 to love ,god by lov+ ,8 s]vants1 to ex]cise mildness & =be>ance & calm1 to be s9c]e1 am5able1 clem5t & compassionate2 to h resolution & c\rage1 tru/wor?9ess & en]gy1 to /rive & /ruggle1 to be g5]\s1 loyal1 )\t malice1 to h zeal & a s5se ( honor1 to be high-m9d$ & magnanim\s1 & to h reg>d = ! rights ( o!rs4 ,:oev] is lack+ 9 ^! excell5t human qualities is defective4 ,if ,we 7 to expla9 ! inn] mean+s ( ea* "o ( ^! attributes1 8! poem w\ld take up sev5ty maunds7#be7 ( pap]40 ,,pages #da-fj ,! second ( ^! spiritual /&>ds :i* apply to ! possessor ( k is t he %\ld be ! def5d] ( 8 fai?4 ,x is obvi\s t ^! holy words d n ref] exclusively to se>*+ out ! implications ( ! ,law1 obs]v+ ! =ms ( wor%ip1 avoid+ great] & less] s9s1 practic+ ! religi\s ord9ances1 & by all ^! me?ods1 protect+ ! ,fai?4 ,!y mean r t ! :ole population %\ld be protect$ 9 e way2 t e ef=t %\ld be ex]t$ to adopt a comb9ation ( all possible measures to raise up ! ,^w ( ,god1 increase ! numb] ( believ]s1 promote ! ,fai? ( ,god & exalt x & make x victori\s ov] o!r religions4 ,if1 inde$1 ! ,muslim religi\s au?orities _h p]sev]$ along ^! l9es z !y ought to h done1 by n[ e nation on e>? w\ld h be5 ga!r$ into ! %elt] ( ! unity ( ,god & ! bright fire ( 8t ,he may make x victori\s ov] e o!r religion07#bf7 w\ld h flam$ out l ! sun 9 ! midmo/ he>t ( ! _w4 ,fifte5 c5turies aft] ,*ri/1 ,lu!r1 :o 0 orig9ally "o ( ! twelve memb]s ( a ,ca?olic religi\s body at ! c5t] ( ! ,papal gov]nm5t & lat] on initiat$ ! ,prote/ant religi\s belief1 oppos$ ! ,pope on c]ta9 po9ts ( doctr9e su* z ! prohibition ( mona/ic m>riage1 ! rev]+ & b[+ d[n be=e images ( ! ,apo/les & ,*ri/ian lead]s ( ! pa/1 & v>i\s o!r religi\s practices & c]emonies :i* 7 accretional to ! ord9ances ( ! ,gospel4 ,al?\gh at t p]iod ! p[] ( ! ,pope 0 s great & he 0 reg>d$ ) su* awe t ! k+s ( ,europe %ook & trembl$ be=e him1 & he held control ( all ,europe's major conc]ns 9 ! grasp ( 8 might--nev]!less because ,lu!r's position z reg>ds ! fre$om ( religi\s lead]s to m>ry1 ! ab/5tion f wor%ip+ & mak+ pro/rations be=e images & repres5tations hung 9 ! *ur*es1 & ! abrogation ( c]emonials :i* _h be5 add$ on to ! ,gospel1 0 demon/rably correct1 & because ! prop] means 7 adopt$ = ! promulgation ( 8 views3 )9 ^! la/ f\r hundr$ & "s ye>s ! majority ( ! population ( ,am]ica1 f\r-fif?s ( ,g]many & ,engl& & a l>ge p]c5tage ( ,au/rians1 9 sum ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five million p drawn f o!r ,*ri/ian d5om9ations1 h ent]$ ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*4 ,! lead]s ( ?is religion are /ill mak+ e ef=t to promote x1 & today on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ,africa1 o/5sibly to emancipate ! ,sudanese & v>i\s ,negro peoples1 !y h e/abli%$ s*ools & colleges & are tra9+ & civiliz+ completely savage ,african tribes1 :ile _! true & prim>y purpose is to conv]t "s ( ! ,muslim ,negro tribes to ,prote/antism4 ,e community is toil+ = ! advancem5t ( its p1 & we 7i4e41 ,muslims7 sleep on6 ,al?\gh x 0 n cle> :at purpose impell$ ?is man or :]e he 0 t5d+1 see h[ ! zeal\s ef=ts ( ,prote/ant lead]s h spread 8 doctr9es f> & wide4 ,n[ if ! illu/ri\s p ( ! "o true ,god1 ! recipi5ts ( ,8 confirmations1 ! objects ( ,8 ,div9e assi/ance1 %\ld put =? all _! /r5g?1 & ) complete d$ication1 rely+ ^u ,god & turn+ aside f all else b ,him1 %\ld adopt proc$ures = spread+ ! ,fai? & %\ld b5d all _! ef=ts to ?is end1 x is c]ta9 t ,8 ,div9e light w\ld envelop ! :ole e>?4 ,a few1 :o are unaw>e ( ! reality bel[ ! surface ( ev5ts1 :o _c feel ! pulse ( ! _w "u _! f+]s1 :o d n "k :at a massive dose ( tru? mu/ be adm9i/]$ to heal ?is *ronic old disease ( falsehood1 believe t ! ,fai? c only be spread by ! sword1 & bol/] _! op9ion ) ! ,tradition1 8,i am a ,prophet by ! sword40 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y w\ld c>efully exam9e ?is "q1 !y w\ld see t 9 ?is day & age ! sword is n a suitable means = promulgat+ ! ,fai?1 = x w\ld only fill peoples' he>ts ) revulsion & t]ror4 ,accord+ to ! ,div9e ,law ( ,muammad1 x is n p]missible to compel ! ,p ( ! ,book to ackn[l$ge & accept ! ,fai?4 ,:ile x is a sacr$ obligation devolv+ on e consci5ti\s believ] 9 ! unity ( ,god to guide mank9d to ! tru?1 ! ,traditions 8,i am a ,prophet by ! sword0 & 8,i am comm&$ to ?reat5 ! lives ( ! p until !y say1 #8,!re is none o!r ,god b ,god'0 ref]r$ to ! idolat]s ( ! ,days ( ,ignorance1 :o 9 _! bl9dness & be/iality _h sunk bel[ ! level ( human be+s4 ,a fai? born ( sword ?ru/s c\ld h>dly be reli$ ^u1 & w\ld = any trifl+ cause rev]t to error & unbelief4 ,aft] ! asc5sion ( ,muammad1 & ,8 pass+ to 8! seat ( tru?1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pot5t ,k+107#bg7 ! tribes ar\nd ,m$9a apo/atiz$ f _! ,fai?1 turn+ back to ! idolatry ( pagan times4 ,rememb] :5 ! holy brea?s ( ! ,_s ( ,god 7,jesus7 7 %$d+ _! sweetness ov] ,pale/9e & ,galilee1 ov] ! %ores ( ,jordan & ! regions ar\nd ,j]usalem1 & ! wondr\s melodies ( ! ,gospel 7 s\nd+ 9 ! e>s ( ! spiritually illum9$1 all ! peoples ( ,asia & ,europe1 ( ,africa & ,am]ica1 ( ,oceania1 :i* comprises ! isl&s & ar*ipelagoes ( ! ,pacific & ,indian ,oceans1 7 fire-wor%ip]s & pagans1 ignorant ( ! ,div9e ,voice t spoke out on ! ,day ( ! ,cov5ant47#bh7 ,alone ! ,jews believ$ 9 ! div9ity & on5ess ( ,god4 ,foll[+ ! decl>ation ( ,jesus1 ! pure & reviv+ brea? ( ,8 m\? conf]r$ et]nal life on ! inhabitants ( ^? regions = a p]iod ( ?ree ye>s1 & ?r\gh ,div9e ,revelation ! ,law ( ,*ri/1 at t "t ! vital rem$y = ! ail+ body ( ! _w1 0 e/abli%$4 ,9 ! days ( ,jesus only a few individuals turn$ _! faces t[>d ,god2 9 fact only ! twelve disciples & a few wom5 truly became believ]s1 & "o ( ! disciples1 ,judas ,isc>iot apo/atiz$ f 8 ,fai?1 leav+ elev54 ,aft] ! asc5sion ( ,jesus to ! ,realm ( ,glory1 ^! few s\ls /ood up ) _! spiritual qualities & ) de$s t 7 pure & holy1 & !y arose by ! p[] ( ,god & ! life-giv+ brea?s ( ! ,messiah to save all ! peoples ( ! e>?4 ,!n all ! idolatr\s nations z well z ! ,jews rose up 9 _! might to kill ! ,div9e fire t _h be5 lit 9 ! lamp ( ,j]usalem4 8,fa9 w\ld !y put out ,god's light ) _! m\?s3 b ,god ha? will$ to p]fect ,8 light1 albeit ! infidels abhor x407#bi7 ,"u ! fi]ce/ tortures1 !y did e "o ( ^! holy s\ls to dea?2 ) but*]s' cleav]s1 !y *opp$ ! pure & undefil$ bodies ( "s ( !m to pieces & burn$ !m 9 furnaces1 & !y /ret*$ "s ( ! foll[]s on ! rack & !n buri$ !m alive4 ,9 spite ( ?is agoniz+ requital1 ! ,*ri/ians cont9u$ to tea* ! ,cause ( ,god1 & !y nev] drew a sword f its scabb>d or ev5 s mu* z graz$ a *eek4 ,!n 9 ! end ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ encompass$ ! :ole e>?1 s t 9 ,europe & ,am]ica no traces ( o!r religions 7 left1 & today 9 ,asia & ,africa & ,oceania1 l>ge masses ( p are liv+ )9 ! sanctu>y ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,x has n[ by ! above irrefutable pro(s be5 fully e/abli%$ t ! ,fai? ( ,god mu/ be propagat$ ?r\gh human p]fections1 ?r\gh qualities t are excell5t & pleas+1 & spiritual behavior4 ,if a s\l ( 8 own accord advances t[>d ,god he w be accept$ at ! ,?re%old ( ,on5ess1 = su* a "o is free ( p]sonal consid]ations1 ( gre$ & selfi% int]e/s1 & he has tak5 refuge )9 ! %elt]+ protection ( 8 ,"l4 ,he w become kn[n among m5 z tru/wor?y & tru?ful1 temp]ate & scrupul\s1 high-m9d$ & loyal1 incorruptible & ,god-fe>+4 ,9 ?is way ! prim>y purpose 9 reveal+ ! ,div9e ,law--:i* is to br+ ab\t happ9ess 9 ! aft] life & civilization & ! ref9em5t ( "* 9 ?is--w be realiz$4 ,z = ! sword1 x w only produce a man :o is outw>dly a believ]1 & inw>dly a traitor & apo/ate4 ,we %all "h relate a /ory t w s]ve z an example to all4 ,! ,arabian *ronicles tell h[1 at a "t prior to ! adv5t ( ,muammad1 ,nu'mn son ( ,mundhr ! ,lakhmite --an ,arab k+ 9 ! ,days ( ,ignorance1 ^: seat ( gov]nm5t 0 ! city ( ,hrih--_h "o day return$ s (t5 to 8 w9e-cup t 8 m9d cl\d$ ov] & 8 reason des]t$ him4 ,9 ?is drunk5 & ins5sible condition he gave ord]s t 8 two boon companions1 8 close & mu*-lov$ fri5ds1 ,khlid son ( ,mudallil & #8,amr son ( ,mas'd-,kaldih1 %\ld be put to dea?4 ,:5 he wak5$ aft] 8 c>\sal1 he inquir$ = ! two fri5ds & 0 giv5 ! griev\s news4 ,he 0 sick at he>t1 & because ( 8 int5se love & long+ = !m1 he built two spl5did monum5ts ov] _! two graves & he nam$ ^! ! ,sme>$-,)-,blood4 ,!n he set ap>t two days out ( ! ye>1 9 memory ( ! two companions1 & he call$ "o ( !m ! ,day ( ,evil & "o ! ,day ( ,grace4 ,e ye> on ^! two appo9t$ days he w\ld issue =? ) pomp & circum/ance & sit betwe5 ! monum5ts4 ,if1 on ! ,day ( ,evil1 8 eye fell on any s\l1 t p]son w\ld be put to dea?2 b on ! ,day ( ,grace1 :oev] pass$ w\ld be ov]:elm$ ) gifts & b5efits4 ,su* 0 8 rule1 seal$ ) a mighty oa? & always rigidly obs]v$4 ,"o day ! k+ m\nt$ 8 horse1 t 0 call$ ,mamd1 & rode out into ! pla9s to hunt4 ,sudd5ly 9 ! di/ance he caught sight ( a wild donkey4 ,nu'mn urg$ on 8 horse to ov]take x1 & gallop$ away at su* spe$ t he 0 cut (f f 8 ret9ue4 ,z night approa*$1 ! k+ 0 hopelessly lo/4 ,!n he made out a t5t1 f> (f 9 ! des]t1 & he turn$ 8 horse & head$ t[>d x4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! entrance ( ! t5t he ask$1 8,w y receive a gue/80 ,! own] 7:o 0 ,hanzal1 son ( bi-,ghafry-i-,t'7 repli$1 8,yea40 ,he came =w>d & help$ ,nu'mn to dism\nt4 ,!n he w5t to 8 wife & told h]1 8,!re are cle> signs ( greatness 9 ! be>+ ( ?is p]son4 ,d y\r be/ to %[ him hospitality1 & make ready a fea/40 ,8 wife said1 8,we h a ewe4 ,sacrifice x4 ,& ,i h sav$ a little fl\r aga9/ su* a day40 ,hanzal fir/ milk$ ! ewe & c>ri$ a b[l ( milk to ,nu'mn1 & !n he slaught]$ h] & prep>$ a meal2 & :at ) 8 fri5dl9ess & lov+-k9dness1 ,nu'mn sp5t t night 9 peace & com=t4 ,:5 dawn came1 ,nu'mn made ready to leave1 & he said to ,hanzal3 8,y h %[n me ! utmo/ g5]osity1 receiv+ & fea/+ me4 ,i am ,nu'mn1 son ( ,mundhr1 & ,i %all eag]ly await y\r arrival at my c\rt40 ,"t pass$1 & fam9e fell on ! l& ( ,tayy4 ,hanzal 0 9 dire ne$ & = ?is reason he s\ght out ! k+4 ,by a /range co9cid5ce he arriv$ on ! ,day ( ,evil4 ,nu'mn 0 greatly tr\bl$ 9 _s4 ,he began to reproa* 8 fri5d1 say+1 8,:y did y come to y\r fri5d on ?is day ( all days8 ,= ?is is ! ,day ( ,evil1 t is1 ! ,day ( ,wra? & ! ,day ( ,di/ress4 ,?is day1 %\ld my eyes alight on ,qbs1 my only son1 he %\ld n escape ) 8 life4 ,n[ ask me :atev] favor y w40 ,hanzal said3 8,i knew no?+ ( y\r ,day ( ,evil4 ,z = ! gifts ( ?is life1 !y are meant = ! liv+1 & s9ce ,i at ?is h\r mu/ dr9k ( dea?1 :at c all ! _w's /oreh\ses avail me n[80 ,nu'mn said1 8,!re is no help = ?is40 ,hanzal told him3 8,respite me1 !n1 t ,i may g back to my wife & make my te/am5t4 ,next ye> ,i %all return1 on ! ,day ( ,evil40 ,nu'mn !n ask$ = a gu>antor1 s t1 if ,hanzal %\ld break 8 ^w1 ?is gu>antor w\ld be put to dea? in/ead4 ,hanzal1 helpless & bewild]$1 look$ ab\t him4 ,!n 8 gaze fell on "o ( ,nu'mn's ret9ue1 ,%ark1 son ( #8,amr1 son ( ,qays ( ,%aybn1 & to him he recit$ ^! l9es3 8,o my p>tn]1 ,o son ( #8,amr6 ,is !re any escape f dea?8 ,o bro!r ( e afflict$ "o6 ,o bro!r ( him :o is bro!rless6 ,o bro!r ( ,nu'mn1 9 !e today is a surety = ! ,%aykh4 ,:]e is ,%aybn ! noble--may ! ,all-,m]ciful favor him60 ,b ,%ark only answ]$1 8,o my bro!r1 a man _c gamble ) 8 life40 ,at ?is ! victim c\ld n tell :]e to turn4 ,!n a man nam$ ,q>d1 son ( ,adj ! ,kalbite /ood up & (f]$ himself z a surety1 agree+ t1 %\ld he fail on ! next ,day ( ,wra? to deliv] up ! victim1 ! k+ might d ) him1 ,q>d1 z he wi%$4 ,nu'mn !n be/[$ five hundr$ camels on ,hanzal1 & s5t him home4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> on ! ,day ( ,evil1 z soon z ! true dawn broke 9 ! sky1 ,nu'mn z 0 8 cu/om set out ) pomp & pageantry & made = ! two mausoleums call$ ! ,sme>$-,)-,blood4 ,he br\ght ,q>d along1 to wreak 8 k+ly wra? ^u him4 ,! pill>s ( ! /ate !n loos$ _! tongues & begg$ = m]cy1 implor+ ! k+ to respite ,q>d until sund[n1 = !y hop$ t ,hanzal might yet return2 b ! k+'s purpose 0 to sp>e ! life ( ,hanzal1 & to requite 8 hospitality by putt+ ,q>d to dea? 9 8 place4 ,z ! sun began to set1 !y /ripp$ (f ! g>m5ts ( ,q>d1 & made ready to sev] 8 head4 ,at t mom5t a rid] appe>$ 9 ! di/ance1 gallop+ at top spe$4 ,nu'mn said to ! swordsman1 8,:y delaye/ ?\80 ,! m9i/]s said1 8,p]*ance x is ,hanzal :o comes40 ,& :5 ! rid] drew ne>1 !y saw x 0 none o!r4 ,nu'mn 0 sorely displeas$4 ,he said1 8,?\ fool6 ,?\ did/ slip away once f ! clut*+ f+]s ( dea?2 mu/ ?\ provoke him n[ a second "t80 ,& ,hanzal answ]$1 8,sweet 9 my m\? & pleasant on my tongue is ! poison ( dea?1 at ! ?\ght ( r$eem+ my pl$ge40 ,nu'mn ask$1 8,:at c\ld be ! reason = ?is tru/wor?9ess1 ?is reg>d = ?9e obligation & ?is conc]n = ?9e oa?80 ,& ,hanzal answ]$1 8,x is my fai? 9 ! "o ,god & 9 ! ,books t h come d[n f heav540 ,nu'mn ask$1 8,:at ,fai? do/ ?\ pr(ess80 ,& ,hanzal said1 8,x 0 ! holy brea?s ( ,jesus t br\ght me to life4 ,i foll[ ! /raight pa?way ( ,*ri/1 ! ,_s ( ,god40 ,nu'mn said1 8,let me inhale ^! sweet aromas ( ! ,_s40 ,s x 0 t ,hanzal drew out ! :ite h& ( guidance f ! bosom ( ! love ( ,god17#cj7 & illum9$ ! sight & ! insight ( ! behold]s ) ! ,gospel light4 ,aft] he _h 9 bell-l acc5ts recit$ "s ( ! div9e v]ses out ( ! ,evangel1 ,nu'mn & all 8 m9i/]s sick5$ ( _! idols & _! idol-wor%ip & 7 confirm$ 9 ! ,fai? ( ,god4 ,& !y said1 8,alas1 a ?\s& times alas1 t up to n[ we 7 c>eless ( ?is inf9ite m]cy & veil$ away !refrom1 & 7 b]eft ( ?is ra9 f ! cl\ds ( ! grace ( ,god40 ,!n /raightway ! k+ tore d[n ! two monum5ts call$ ! ,sme>$-,)-,blood1 & he rep5t$ ( 8 tyranny & e/abli%$ ju/ice 9 ! l&4 ,obs]ve h[ "o individual1 & he a man ( ! des]t1 to outw>d seem+ unkn[n & ( no /ation--because he %[$ =? "o ( ! qualities ( ! pure 9 he>t1 0 able to deliv] ?is pr\d sov]eign & a great company ( o!rs f ! d>k night ( unbelief & guide !m into ! morn+ ( salvation2 to save !m f ! p]dition ( idolatry & br+ !m to ! %ores ( ! on5ess ( ,god1 & to put an end to practices ( ! sort :i* blight a :ole society & r$uce ! peoples to b>b>ism4 ,"o mu/ ?9k deeply ov] ?is1 & grasp its mean+4 ,my he>t a*es1 = ,i note ) int5se regret t ! att5tion ( ! p is n[h]e direct$ t[>d t :i* is wor?y ( ?is day & "t4 ,! ,sun ( ,tru? has ris5 above ! _w b we are ensn>$ 9 ! d>k ( our imag9+s4 ,! wat]s ( ! ,mo/ ,great ,sea are surg+ all ar\nd u1 :ile we are p>*$ & weak ) ?ir/4 ,! div9e bread is com+ d[n f heav51 & yet we grope & /umble 9 a fam9e-/rick5 l&4 8,betwe5 ! weep+ & ! tell+1 ,i sp9 out my days40 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y p ( o!r religions h %unn$ & fail$ to become conv]t$ to ! ,fai? ( ,god is fanaticism & unreason+ religi\s zeal4 ,see = example ! div9e words t 7 address$ to ,muammad1 ! ,ark ( ,salvation1 ! ,lum9\s ,c\nt5ance & ,"l ( ,m51 bidd+ ,him to be g5tle ) ! p & long-suff]+3 8,debate ) !m 9 ! k9dlie/ mann]407#ca7 ,t ,bless$ ,tree ,^: light 0 8nei!r ( ! ,ea/ nor ( ! ,we/07#cb7 & ,:o ca/ ov] all ! peoples ( ! e>? ! %elt]+ %ade ( a measureless grace1 %[$ =? inf9ite k9dness & =be>ance 9 ,8 deal+s ) e "o4 ,9 ^! words1 likewise1 7 ,moses & ,a>on comm&$ to *all5ge ,ph>aoh1 ,"l ( ! ,/akes37#cc7 8,speak ye to him ) g5tle spee*407#cd7 ,al?\gh ! noble conduct ( ! ,prophets & ,holy ,ones ( ,god is widely kn[n1 & x is inde$1 until ! com+ ( ! ,h\r17#ce7 9 e aspect ( life an excell5t patt]n = all mank9d to foll[1 nev]!less "s h rema9$ neglectful ( & sep>at$ f ^! qualities ( extraord9>y sympa?y & lov+-k9dness1 & h be5 prev5t$ f atta9+ to ! inn] significances ( ! ,holy ,books4 ,n only d !y scrupul\sly %un ! adh]5ts ( religions o!r ?an _! own1 !y d n ev5 p]mit !mselves to %[ !m common c\rtesy4 ,if "o is n all[$ to associate ) ano!r1 h[ c "o guide him out ( ! d>k & empty night ( d5ial1 ( 8!re-is-no-,god10 into ! bright morn+ ( belief1 & ! affirmation1 8b ,god407#cf7 ,& h[ c "o urge him on & enc\rage him to rise up out ( ! abyss ( p]dition & ignorance & climb ! heights ( salvation & k8 ,consid] ju/ly3 _h n ,hanzal treat$ ,nu'mn ) true fri5d%ip1 %[+ him k9dness & hospitality1 c\ld he h br\ght ! ,k+ & a great numb] ( o!r idolat]s to ackn[l$ge ! unity ( ,god8 ,to keep alo( f p1 to %un !m1 to be h>% ) !m1 w make !m %r9k away1 :ile affection & consid]ation1 mildness & =be>ance w attract _! he>ts t[>d ,god4 ,if a true believ] :5 meet+ an individual f a =eign c\ntry %\ld express revulsion1 & %\ld speak ! horrible words =bidd+ association ) =eign]s & ref]r+ to !m z 8unclean10 ! /rang] w\ld be griev$ & (f5d$ to su* a po9t t he w\ld nev] accept ! ,fai?1 ev5 if he %\ld see1 tak+ place be=e 8 v eyes1 ! miracle ( ! splitt+ ( ! moon4 ,! results ( %unn+ him w\ld be ?is1 t if !re _h be5 9 8 he>t "s fa9t incl9ation t[>d ,god1 he w\ld rep5t ( x1 & w\ld flee away f ! sea ( fai? into ! wa/es ( oblivion & unbelief4 ,& ^u return+ home to 8 own c\ntry he w\ld publi% 9 ! press /atem5ts to ! effect t su* & su* a nation 0 utt]ly lack+ 9 ! qualifications ( a civiliz$ p4 ,if we pond] a :ile ov] ! ,qur'nic v]ses & pro(s1 & ! traditional acc\nts :i* h come d[n to u f ^? />s ( ! heav5 ( ,div9e ,unity1 ! ,holy ,imms1 we %all be conv9c$ ( ! fact t if a s\l is end[$ ) ! attributes ( true fai? & *>act]iz$ ) spiritual qualities he w become to all mank9d an emblem ( ! out/ret*$ m]cies ( ,god4 ,= ! attributes ( ! p ( fai? are ju/ice & fair-m9d$ness2 =be>ance & compassion & g5]osity2 consid]ation = o!rs2 c&or1 tru/wor?9ess1 & loyalty2 love & lov+-k9dness2 devotion & det]m9ation & humanity4 ,if !re=e an individual is truly righte\s1 he w avail himself ( all ^? means :i* w attract ! he>ts ( m51 & ?r\gh ! attributes ( ,god he w draw !m to ! /raight pa? ( fai? & cause !m to dr9k f ! riv] ( ev]la/+ life4 ,today we h clos$ our eyes to e righte\s act & h sacrific$ ! abid+ happ9ess ( society to our own transitory pr(it4 ,we reg>d fanaticism & zealotry z r$\nd+ to our cr$it & honor1 & n cont5t ) ?is1 we d5\nce "o ano!r & plot ea* o!r's ru91 & :5ev] we wi% to put on a %[ ( wisdom & le>n+1 ( virtue & godl9ess1 we set ab\t mock+ & revil+ ?is "o & t4 8,! ideas ( su* a "o10 we say1 8are wide ( ! m>k1 & s-&-s's behavior leaves mu* to be desir$4 ,! religi\s obs]vances ( ,zayd are few & f> betwe51 & #8,amr is n firm 9 8 fai?4 ,s-&-s's op9ions smack ( ,europe4 ,fundam5tally1 ,blank ?9ks ( no?+ b 8 own "n & fame4 ,la/ night :5 ! congregation /ood up to pray1 ! r[ 0 out ( l9e1 & x is n p]missible to foll[ a diff]5t lead]4 ,no ri* man has di$ ?is mon?1 & no?+ has be5 (f]$ to *>ity 9 memory ( ! ,prophet4 ,! edifice ( religion has crumbl$1 ! f\ndations ( fai?s h be5 bl[n to ! w9ds4 ,! c>pet ( belief has be5 roll$ up1 ! tok5s ( c]titude blott$ out2 ! :ole _w has fall5 into error2 :5 x comes to repell+ tyranny all are s(t & remiss4 ,days & mon?s h pass$ away1 & ^! villages & e/ates /ill belong to ! same own]s z !y did la/ ye>4 ,9 ?is t[n !re us$ to be sev5ty diff]5t gov]nm5ts function+ 9 good ord]1 b ! numb] has /eadily decreas$2 !re are only tw5ty-five left n[1 z a mem5to4 ,x us$ to be t two hundr$ contradictory judgm5ts 7 h&$ d[n by ! same muft 9 any "o day1 n[ we h>dly get fifty4 ,9 ^? days !re 7 cr[ds ( p :o 7 all bra9sick ) litigation1 & n[ !y re/ 9 peace2 today ! pla9tiff w\ld be defeat$ & ! def5dant victori\s1 tomorr[ ! pla9tiff won ! case & ! def5dant lo/ x--b n[ ?is excell5t practice has be5 ab&on$ too4 ,:at is ?is hea!ni% religion1 ?is idolatr\s k9d ( error6 ,alas = ! ,law1 alas = ! ,fai?1 alas = all ^! calamities6 ,o ,bro!rs 9 ! ,fai?6 ,?is is surely ! end ( ! _w6 ,! ,judgm5t is com+60 ,) words su* z ^! !y assault ! m9ds ( ! helpless masses & di/urb ! he>ts ( ! already bewild]$ poor1 :o "k no?+ ( ! true /ate ( affairs & ! real basis = all su* talk1 & rema9 completely unaw>e ( ! fact t a ?\s& selfi% purposes are conceal$ beh9d ! suppos$ly religi\s eloqu5ce ( c]ta9 individuals4 ,!y imag9e t speak]s ( ?is type are motivat$ by virtu\s zeal1 :5 ! tru? is t su* individuals keep up a great hue & cry because !y see _! own p]sonal ru9 9 ! welf>e ( ! masses1 & believe t if ! p's eyes are op5$1 _! own light w g out4 ,only ! ke5e/ insight w detect ! fact t if ! he>ts ( ^! individuals 7 really impell$ by righte\sness & ! fe> ( ,god1 ! fragrance ( x w\ld1 l musk1 be spread+ ev]y:]e4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w c ev] be support$ by words alone4 ,b ^! ill-om5$ owls h done a wrong1 ,& le>n$ to s+ z ! :ite falcon s+s4 ,& :at ( ,%eba's message t ! lapw+ br+s ,if ! bitt]n le>n to s+ ! lapw+'s song87#cg7 ,! spiritually le>n$1 ^? :o h d]iv$ inf9ite significance & wisdom f ! ,book ( ,div9e ,revelation1 & ^: illum9$ he>ts draw inspiration f ! unse5 _w ( ,god1 c]ta9ly ex]t _! ef=ts to br+ ab\t ! supremacy ( ! true foll[]s ( ,god1 9 all respects & above all peoples1 & !y toil & /ruggle to make use ( e ag5cy t w conduce to progress4 ,if any man neglects ^! high purposes he c nev] prove acceptable 9 ! sight ( ,god2 he /&s out ) all 8 %ortcom+s & claims p]fection1 & de/itute1 pret5ds to weal?4 ,"o sluggi%1 bl9d & surly's a poor ?+1 8,a lump ( fle%1 )\t a foot or w+40 ,h[ f> is he :o apes & makes a %[ ,f ! illum9$1 :o do? truly "k4 ,"o b an e*o1 ?\gh x's cle> & %>p1 ,& "o1 ! ,psalmi/ ,david ) 8 h>p4 ,k1 purity1 devotion1 discipl9e1 indep5d5ce1 h no?+ to d ) out] appe>ance & dress4 ,once 9 ! c\rse ( ,my travels ,i he>d an em95t p]sonage make ! foll[+ excell5t rem>k1 ! wit & *>m ( :i* rema9 9 memory3 8,n e cl]ic's turban is a pro( ( cont95ce & k2 n e layman's hat a sign ( ignorance & immorality4 ,h[ _m a hat has pr\dly rais$ ! bann] ( k1 h[ _m a turban pull$ d[n ! ,law ( ,god60 ,! ?ird elem5t ( ! utt]ance "u discussion is1 8opposes 8 passions40 ,h[ wond]ful are ! implications ( ?is deceptively easy1 all-inclusive phrase4 ,?is is ! v f\ndation ( e laudable human quality2 inde$1 ^! few words embody ! light ( ! _w1 ! impregnable basis ( all ! spiritual attributes ( human be+s4 ,?is is ! balance :eel ( all behavior1 ! means ( keep+ all man's good qualities 9 equilibrium4 ,= desire is a flame t has r$uc$ to a%es unc\nt$ lifetime h>ve/s ( ! le>n$1 a dev\r+ fire t ev5 ! va/ sea ( _! accumulat$ k c\ld nev] qu5*4 ,h[ (t5 has x happ5$ t an individual :o 0 grac$ ) e attribute ( humanity & wore ! jewel ( true und]/&+1 nev]!less foll[$ aft] 8 passions until 8 excell5t qualities pass$ beyond mod]ation & he 0 =c$ into excess4 ,8 pure int5tions *ang$ to evil ones1 8 attributes 7 no long] put to uses wor?y ( !m1 & ! p[] ( 8 desires turn$ him aside f righte\sness & its rew>ds into ways t 7 dang]\s & d>k4 ,a good "* is 9 ! sight ( ,god & ,8 *os5 ones & ! possessors ( insight1 ! mo/ excell5t & praisewor?y ( all ?+s1 b always on condition t its c5t] ( emanation %\ld be reason & k & its base %\ld be true mod]ation4 ,7 ! implications ( ?is subject to be develop$ z !y des]ve ! "w w\ld gr[ too long & our ma9 !me w\ld be lo/ to view4 ,all ! peoples ( ,europe1 not)/&+ _! vaunt$ civilization1 s9k & dr[n 9 ?is t]rify+ sea ( passion & desire1 & ?is is :y all ! ph5om5a ( _! culture come to no?+4 ,let no "o wond] at ?is /atem5t or deplore x4 ,! prim>y purpose1 ! basic objective1 9 lay+ d[n p[]ful laws & sett+ up great pr9ciples & in/itutions deal+ ) e aspect ( civilization1 is human happ9ess2 & human happ9ess consi/s only 9 draw+ clos] to ! ,?re%old ( ,almighty ,god1 & 9 secur+ ! peace & well-be+ ( e individual memb]1 high & l[ alike1 ( ! human race2 & ! supreme ag5cies = accompli%+ ^! two objectives are ! excell5t qualities ) :i* humanity has be5 end[$4 ,a sup]ficial culture1 unsupport$ by a cultivat$ morality1 is z 8a confus$ m$ley ( dreams107#ch7 & ,,pages #fa-hj ext]nal lu/re )\t inn] p]fection is 8l a vapor 9 ! des]t :i* ! ?ir/y dreame? to be wat]407#ci7 ,= results :i* w\ld w9 ! good pleasure ( ,god & secure ! peace & well-be+ ( man1 c\ld nev] be fully a*iev$ 9 a m]ely ext]nal civilization4 ,! peoples ( ,europe h n advanc$ to ! high] planes ( moral civilization1 z _! op9ions & behavior cle>ly demon/rate4 ,notice1 = example1 h[ ! supreme desire ( ,european gov]nm5ts & peoples today is to conqu] & cru% "o ano!r1 & h[1 :ile h>bor+ ! greate/ secret repulsion1 !y sp5d _! "t ex*ang+ expressions ( neighborly affection1 fri5d%ip & h>mony4 ,!re is ! well-kn[n case ( ! rul] :o is fo/]+ peace & tranquillity & at ! same "t devot+ m en]gy ?an ! w>mong]s to ! accumulation ( weapons & ! build+ up ( a l>g] army1 on ! gr\nds t peace & h>mony c only be br\ght ab\t by =ce4 ,peace is ! pretext1 & night & day !y are all /ra9+ e n]ve to pile up m weapons ( w>1 & to pay = ?is _! wret*$ p mu/ sacrifice mo/ ( :atev] !y are able to e>n by _! sweat & toil4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s h giv5 up _! "w 9 useful indu/ries & are labor+ day & night to produce new & deadli] weapons :i* w\ld spill out ! blood ( ! race m copi\sly ?an be=e4 ,ea* day !y inv5t a new bomb or explosive & !n ! gov]nm5ts mu/ ab&on _! obsolete arms & beg9 produc+ ! new1 s9ce ! old weapons _c hold _! own aga9/ ! new4 ,= example at ?is writ+1 9 ! ye> #abib ,a4,h47#dj7 !y h inv5t$ a new rifle 9 ,g]many & a bronze cannon 9 ,au/ria1 :i* h great] firep[] ?an ! ,m>t9i-,h5ry rifle & ! ,krupp cannon1 are m rapid 9 _! effects & m effici5t 9 annihilat+ humank9d4 ,! /agg]+ co/ ( x all mu/ be borne by ! hapless masses4 ,be j3 c ?is nom9al civilization1 unsupport$ by a g5u9e civilization ( "*1 br+ ab\t ! peace & well-be+ ( ! p or w9 ! good pleasure ( ,god8 ,does x n1 r1 connote ! de/ruction ( man's e/ate & pull d[n ! pill>s ( happ9ess & peace8 ,at ! "t ( ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 9 ! ye> #ahgj ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 x 0 report$ t #fjj1jjj m5 di$1 brok5 & beat51 on ! field ( battle4 ,h[ _m a home 0 torn out by ! roots2 h[ _m a city1 fl\ri%+ ! night be=e1 0 toppl$ d[n by sunrise4 ,h[ _m a *ild 0 orphan$ & ab&on$1 h[ _m an old fa!r & "m _h to see _! sons1 ! "y fruit ( _! lives1 twi/+ & dy+ 9 du/ & blood4 ,h[ _m wom5 7 wid[$1 left )\t a help] or protector4 ,& !n !re 7 ! libr>ies & magnific5t build+s ( ,france t w5t up 9 flames1 & ! milit>y hospital1 pack$ ) sick & w\nd$ m51 t 0 set on fire & burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,& !re foll[$ ! t]rible ev5ts ( ! ,commune1 ! savage acts1 ! ru9 & horror :5 oppos+ factions f\ght & kill$ "o ano!r 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is4 ,!re 7 ! hatr$s & ho/ilities betwe5 ,ca?olic religi\s lead]s & ! ,g]man gov]nm5t4 ,!re 0 ! civil /rife & upro>1 ! blood%$ & havoc br\ght on betwe5 ! p>tisans ( ! ,republic & ! ,c>li/s 9 ,spa94 ,only too _m su* in/ances are available to demon/rate ! fact t ,europe is morally unciviliz$4 ,s9ce ! writ] has no wi% to ca/ asp]sions on anyone ,he has conf9$ ,himself to ^! few examples4 ,x is cle> t no p]ceptive & well-in=m$ m9d c c\nt5ance su* ev5ts4 ,is x "r & prop] t peoples among :om1 diametrically oppos$ to ! mo/ desirable human behavior1 su* horrors take place1 %\ld d>e lay claim to a real & adequate civilization8 ,especially :5 out ( all ?is no results c be hop$ = except ! w9n+ ( a transi5t victory2 & s9ce ?is outcome nev] endures1 x is1 to ! wise1 n wor? ! ef=t4 ,"t & aga9 d[n ! c5turies1 ! ,g]man /ate has subdu$ ! ,fr5*2 ov] & ov]1 ! k+dom ( ,france has gov]n$ ,g]man l&4 ,is x p]missible t 9 our day #fjj1jjj helpless creatures %\ld be (f]$ up z a sacrifice to su* nom9al & tempor>y uses & results8 ,no1 by ! ,"l ,god6 ,ev5 a *ild c see ! evil ( x4 ,yet ! pursuit ( passion & desire w wrap ! eyes 9 a ?\s& veils t rise out ( ! he>t to bl9d ! sight & ! insight z well4 ,desire & self come 9 ! door ,& blot out virtue1 bright be=e1 ,& a hundr$ veils w rise ,f ! he>t1 to bl9d ! eyes4 ,true civilization w unfurl its bann] 9 ! midmo/ he>t ( ! _w :5ev] a c]ta9 numb] ( its di/+ui%$ & high-m9d$ sov]eigns--! %9+ exempl>s ( devotion & det]m9ation--%all1 = ! good & happ9ess ( all mank9d1 arise1 ) firm resolve & cle> vision1 to e/abli% ! ,cause ( ,univ]sal ,peace4 ,!y mu/ make ! ,cause ( ,peace ! object ( g5]al consultation1 & seek by e means 9 _! p[] to e/abli% a ,union ( ! nations ( ! _w4 ,!y mu/ conclude a b9d+ treaty & e/abli% a cov5ant1 ! provisions ( :i* %all be s\nd1 inviolable & def9ite4 ,!y mu/ proclaim x to all ! _w & obta9 = x ! sanction ( all ! human race4 ,?is supreme & noble und]tak+--! real s\rce ( ! peace & well-be+ ( all ! _w--%\ld be reg>d$ z sacr$ by all t dwell on e>?4 ,all ! =ces ( humanity mu/ be mobiliz$ to ensure ! /ability & p]man5ce ( ?is ,mo/ ,great ,cov5ant4 ,9 ?is all-embrac+ ,pact ! limits & fronti]s ( ea* & e nation %\ld be cle>ly fix$1 ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! relations ( gov]nm5ts t[>ds "o ano!r def9itely laid d[n1 & all int]national agreem5ts & obligations asc]ta9$4 ,9 l mann]1 ! size ( ! armam5ts ( e gov]nm5t %\ld be /rictly limit$1 = if ! prep>ations = w> & ! milit>y =ces ( any nation %\ld be all[$ to increase1 !y w ar\se ! suspicion ( o!rs4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple und]ly+ ?is solemn ,pact %\ld be s fix$ t if any gov]nm5t lat] violate any "o ( its provisions1 all ! gov]nm5ts on e>? %\ld arise to r$uce x to utt] submission1 nay ! human race z a :ole %\ld resolve1 ) e p[] at its disposal1 to de/roy t gov]nm5t4 ,%\ld ?is greate/ ( all rem$ies be appli$ to ! sick body ( ! _w1 x w assur$ly recov] f its ills & w rema9 et]nally safe & secure47#da7 ,obs]ve t if su* a happy situation be =?com+1 no gov]nm5t w\ld ne$ cont9ually to pile up ! weapons ( w>1 nor feel itself oblig$ to produce ev] new milit>y weapons ) :i* to conqu] ! human race4 ,a small =ce = ! purposes ( int]nal security1 ! correction ( crim9al & disord]ly elem5ts & ! prev5tion ( local di/urbances1 w\ld be requir$--no m4 ,9 ?is way ! entire population w\ld1 fir/ ( all1 be reliev$ ( ! cru%+ burd5 ( exp5diture curr5tly impos$ = milit>y purposes1 & secondly1 great numb]s ( p w\ld cease to devote _! "t to ! cont9ual devis+ ( new weapons ( de/ruction--^? te/imonials ( gre$ & blood?ir/9ess1 s inconsi/5t ) ! gift ( life--& w\ld in/ead b5d _! ef=ts to ! production ( :atev] w fo/] human exi/5ce & peace & well-be+1 & w\ld become ! cause ( univ]sal developm5t & prosp]ity4 ,!n e nation on e>? w reign 9 honor1 & e p w be cradl$ 9 tranquillity & cont5t4 ,a few1 unaw>e ( ! p[] lat5t 9 human endeavor1 consid] ?is matt] z highly impracticable1 nay ev5 beyond ! scope ( man's utmo/ ef=ts4 ,su* is n ! case1 h[ev]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?anks to ! unfail+ grace ( ,god1 ! lov+-k9dness ( ,8 favor$ ones1 ! unrival$ endeavors ( wise & capable s\ls1 & ! ?\ghts & ideas ( ! pe]less lead]s ( ?is age1 no?+ :atsoev] c be reg>d$ z unatta9able4 ,endeavor1 ceaseless endeavor1 is requir$4 ,no?+ %ort ( an indomitable det]m9ation c possibly a*ieve x4 ,_m a cause :i* pa/ ages h reg>d$ z purely vision>y1 yet 9 ?is day has become mo/ easy & practicable4 ,:y %\ld ?is mo/ great & l(ty ,cause--! day/> ( ! firmam5t ( true civilization & ! cause ( ! glory1 ! advancem5t1 ! well-be+ & ! success ( all humanity--be reg>d$ z impossible ( a*ievem5t8 ,surely ! day w come :5 its beaute\s light %all %$ illum9ation ^u ! assemblage ( man4 ,! app>atus ( conflict w1 z prep>ations g on at _! pres5t rate1 rea* ! po9t :]e w> w become some?+ intol]able to mank9d4 ,x is cle> f :at has already be5 said t man's glory & greatness d n consi/ 9 8 be+ avid = blood & %>p ( claw1 9 te>+ d[n cities & spread+ havoc1 9 but*]+ arm$ =ces & civilians4 ,:at w\ld mean a bright future = him w\ld be 8 reputation = ju/ice1 8 k9dness to ! entire population :e!r high or l[1 8 build+ up c\ntries & cities1 villages & di/ricts1 8 mak+ life easy1 peaceful & happy = 8 fell[ be+s1 8 lay+ d[n fundam5tal pr9ciples = progress1 8 rais+ ! /&>ds & increas+ ! weal? ( ! entire population4 ,consid] h[ ?r\gh\t hi/ory _m a k+ has sat on 8 ?rone z a conqu]or4 ,among !m 7 ,hulag ,khn & ,tam]lane1 :o took ov] ! va/ cont95t ( ,asia1 & ,alex&] ( ,mac$on & ,napoleon ,i1 :o /ret*$ _! arrogant fi/s ov] ?ree ( ! e>?'s five cont95ts4 ,& :at 0 ga9$ by all _! mighty victories8 ,0 any c\ntry made to fl\ri%1 did any happ9ess result1 did any ?rone /&8 ,or 0 x r t ^? reign+ h\ses lo/ _! p[]8 ,except t ,asia w5t up 9 ! flame ( _m battles & fell away to a%es1 ,*angz's ,hulag1 ! w>lord1 ga!r$ no fruit f all 8 conque/s4 ,& ,tam]lane1 out ( all 8 triumphs1 reap$ only ! peoples bl[n to ! w9ds1 & univ]sal ru94 ,& ,alex&] _h no?+ to %[ = 8 va/ victories1 except t 8 son toppl$ f ! ?rone & ,philip & ,ptolemy took ov] ! dom9ions he once _h rul$4 ,& :at did ! fir/ ,napoleon ga9 f subjugat+ ! k+s ( ,europe1 except ! de/ruction ( fl\ri%+ c\ntries1 ! d[nfall ( _! inhabitants1 ! spread+ ( t]ror & angui% across ,europe &1 at ! end ( 8 days1 8 own captivity8 ,s mu* = ! conqu]ors & ! monum5ts !y leave beh9d !m4 ,contra/ ) ?is ! praisewor?y qualities & ! greatness & nobility ( ,an%rvn ! ,g5]\s & ! ,j47#db7 ,t fair-m9d$ mon>* came to p[] at a "t :5 ! once solidly e/abli%$ ?rone ( ,p]sia 0 ab\t to crumble away4 ,) 8 ,div9e gift ( intellect1 he laid ! f\ndations ( ju/ice1 uproot+ oppression & tyranny & ga!r+ ! scatt]$ peoples ( ,p]sia "u ! w+s ( 8 dom9ion4 ,?anks to ! re/or+ influ5ce ( 8 cont9ual c>e1 ,p]sia t _h la9 )]$ & desolate 0 quick5$ into life & rapidly *ang$ into ! faire/ ( all fl\ri%+ nations4 ,he rebuilt & re9=c$ ! disorganiz$ p[]s ( ! /ate1 & ! r5[n ( 8 righte\sness & ju/ice e*o$ across ! sev5 climes17#dc7 until ! peoples rose up out ( _! degradation & mis]y to ! heights ( felicity & honor4 ,al?\gh he 0 a ,magian1 ,muammad1 t ,c5t] ( creation & ,sun ( prophe?ood1 said ( him3 8,i 0 born 9 ! "t ( a j k+10 & rejoic$ at hav+ come into ! _w dur+ 8 reign4 ,did ?is illu/ri\s p]sonage a*ieve 8 exalt$ /ation by virtue ( 8 admirable qualities or r by rea*+ out to conqu] ! e>? & spill ! blood ( its peoples8 ,obs]ve t he atta9$ to su* a di/+ui%$ rank 9 ! he>t ( ! _w t 8 greatness /ill r+s out ?r\gh all ! imp]man5ce ( "t1 & he won et]nal life4 ,%\ld ,we comm5t on ! cont9u+ life ( ! great1 ?is brief essay w\ld be unduly prolong$1 & s9ce x is by no means c]ta9 t public op9ion 9 ,p]sia w be mat]ially affect$ by its p]usal1 ,we %all abridge ! "w1 & g on to o!r matt]s :i* come )9 ! purview ( ! public m9d4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x develops t ?is abridgem5t produces favorable results1 ,we %all1 ,god will+1 write a numb] ( books deal+ at l5g? & usefully ) fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,div9e wisdom 9 its relation to ! ph5om5al _w4 ,no p[] on e>? c prevail aga9/ ! armies ( ju/ice1 & e citadel mu/ fall be=e !m2 = m5 will+ly g d[n "u ! triumphant /rokes ( ?is decisive blade1 & desolate places bloom & fl\ri% "u ! trampl+s ( ?is ho/4 ,!re are two mighty bann]s :i*1 :5 !y ca/ _! %ad[ across ! cr[n ( any k+1 w cause ! influ5ce ( 8 gov]nm5t quickly & easily to p5etrate ! :ole e>?1 ev5 z if x 7 ! light ( ! sun3 ! fir/ ( ^! two bann]s is wisdom2 ! second is ju/ice4 ,aga9/ ^! two mo/ pot5t =ces1 ! iron hills _c prevail1 & ,alex&]'s wall w break be=e !m4 ,x is cle> t life 9 ?is fa/-fad+ _w is z fleet+ & incon/ant z ! morn+ w9d1 & ?is be+ s1 h[ =tunate are ! great :o leave a good "n beh9d !m1 & ! memory ( a lifetime sp5t 9 ! pa?way ( ! good pleasure ( ,god4 ,x is all "o1 if x be a ?rone ,or ! b>e gr\nd "u ! op5 sky1 ,:]e ! pure s\l lays him ,d[n to die47#dd7 ,a conque/ c be a praisewor?y ?+1 & !re are times :5 w> becomes ! p[]ful basis ( peace1 & ru9 ! v means ( recon/ruction4 ,if1 = example1 a high-m9d$ sov]eign m>%als 8 troops to block ! onset ( ! insurg5t & ! aggressor1 or aga91 if he takes ! field & di/+ui%es himself 9 a /ruggle to unify a divid$ /ate & p1 if1 9 brief1 he is wag+ w> = a righte\s purpose1 !n ?is seem+ wra? is m]cy itself1 & ?is app>5t tyranny ! v sub/ance ( ju/ice & ?is w>f>e ! corn]/one ( peace4 ,today1 ! task befitt+ great rul]s is to e/abli% univ]sal peace1 = 9 ?is lies ! fre$om ( all peoples4 ,! f\r? phrase ( ! a=em5tion$ ,utt]ance :i* po9ts out ! way ( salvation is3 8ob$i5t to ! comm&m5ts ( 8 ,"l40 ,x is c]ta9 t man's highe/ di/9ction is to be l[ly be=e & ob$i5t to 8 ,god2 t 8 greate/ glory1 8 mo/ exalt$ rank & honor1 dep5d on 8 close obs]vance ( ! ,div9e comm&s & prohibitions4 ,religion is ! light ( ! _w1 & ! progress1 a*ievem5t1 & happ9ess ( man result f ob$i5ce to ! laws set d[n 9 ! holy ,books4 ,briefly1 x is demon/rable t 9 ?is life1 bo? outw>dly & inw>dly ! mightie/ ( /ructures1 ! mo/ solidly e/abli%$1 ! mo/ endur+1 /&+ gu>d ov] ! _w1 assur+ bo? ! spiritual & ! mat]ial p]fections ( mank9d1 & protect+ ! happ9ess & ! civilization ( society--is religion4 ,x is true t !re are fooli% individuals :o h nev] prop]ly exam9$ ! fundam5tals ( ! ,div9e religions1 :o h tak5 z _! crit]ion ! behavior ( a few religi\s hypocrites & measur$ all religi\s p]sons by t y>d/ick1 & h on ?is acc\nt conclud$ t religions are an ob/acle to progress1 a divisive factor & a cause ( malevol5ce & enmity among peoples4 ,!y h n ev5 obs]v$ ?is mu*1 t ! pr9ciples ( ! ,div9e religions c h>dly be evaluat$ by ! acts ( ^? :o only claim to foll[ !m4 ,= e excell5t ?+1 pe]less ?\gh x may be1 c /ill be div]t$ to ! wrong ends4 ,a light$ lamp 9 ! h&s ( an ignorant *ild or ( ! bl9d w n dispel ! surr\nd+ d>kness nor light up ! h\se--x w set bo? ! be>] & ! h\se on fire4 ,c we1 9 su* an in/ance1 blame ! lamp8 ,no1 by ! ,"l ,god6 ,to ! see+1 a lamp is a guide & w %[ him 8 pa?2 b x is a disa/] to ! bl9d4 ,among ^? :o h repudiat$ religi\s fai? 0 ! ,fr5*man1 ,voltaire1 :o wrote a great numb] ( books attack+ ! religions1 works :i* are no bett] ?an *ildr5's play?+s4 ,?is individual1 tak+ z 8 crit]ion ! omissions & commissions ( ! ,pope1 ! head ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion1 & ! intrigues & qu>rels ( ! spiritual lead]s ( ,*ri/5dom1 op5$ 8 m\? & cavil$ at ! ,_s ( ,god 7,jesus74 ,9 ! uns\ndness ( 8 reason+1 he fail$ to grasp ! true significance ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 took exception to c]ta9 portions ( ! reveal$ ,texts & dwelt on ! difficulties involv$4 8,& ,we s5d d[n ( ! ,qur'n t :i* is a heal+ & a m]cy to ! fai?ful3 ,b x %all only add to ! ru9 ( ! wick$407#de7 ,! ,sage ( ,ghazn7#df7 told ! my/ic /ory ,to 8 veil$ he>]s1 9 an allegory3 ,if ^? :o err see naught 9 ! ,qur'n ,b only words1 x's n to wond] on2 ,( all ! sun's fire1 light+ up ! sky ,only ! w>m? c rea* a bl9d man's eye47#dg7 8,_m w ,he mislead by su* p>ables & _m guide3 b none w ,he mislead !reby except ! wick$44407#dh7 ,x is c]ta9 t ! greate/ ( in/rum5talities = a*iev+ ! advancem5t & ! glory ( man1 ! supreme ag5cy = ! enlight5m5t & ! r$emption ( ! _w1 is love & fell[%ip & unity among all ! memb]s ( ! human race4 ,no?+ c be effect$ 9 ! _w1 n ev5 conceivably1 )\t unity & agreem5t1 & ! p]fect means = eng5d]+ fell[%ip & union is true religion4 8,had/ ,?\ sp5t all ! ri*es ( ! e>?1 ,?\ c\ld/ n h unit$ _! he>ts2 b ,god ha? unit$ !m44407#di7 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,prophets ( ,god1 _! p[] ( creat+ a real union1 "o :i* is bo? ext]nal & ( ! he>t1 draws toge!r malevol5t peoples :o h be5 ?ir/+ = "o ano!r's blood1 into ! "o %elt] ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!n a hundr$ ?\s& s\ls become z "o s\l1 & unnumb]$ individuals em]ge z "o body4 ,once !y 7 z ! waves ( ! sea ,t ! w9d made _m out ( "o4 ,!n ,god %$ d[n on !m ,8 sun1 ,& ,8 sun b "o c nev] be4 ,s\ls ( dogs & wolves g sep>ately1 ,b ! s\l ( ! lions ( ,god is "o47#ej7 ,! ev5ts t transpir$ at ! adv5t ( ! ,prophets ( ! pa/1 & ,_! ways & works & circum/ances1 are n adequately set d[n 9 au?oritative hi/ories1 & are ref]r$ to only 9 cond5s$ =m 9 ! v]ses ( ! ,qur'n1 ! ,holy ,traditions & ! ,torah4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 all ev5ts f ! days ( ,moses until ! pres5t "t are conta9$ 9 ! mighty ,qur'n1 ! au?oritative ,traditions1 ! ,torah & o!r reliable s\rces1 ,we %all cont5t ,ourself ) brief ref]5ces "h1 ! purpose be+ to det]m9e conclusively :e!r religion is ! v basis & root-pr9ciple ( culture & civilization1 or :e!r z ,voltaire & 8 l suppose1 x defeats all social progress1 well-be+ & peace4 ,to preclude once & = all objections on ! "p ( any ( ! _w's peoples1 ,we %all conduct ,our discussion con=mably to ^? au?oritative acc\nts :i* all nations are agre$ ^u4 ,at a "t :5 ! ,israelites _h multipli$ 9 ,egypt & 7 spread ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry1 ! ,coptic ,ph>aohs ( ,egypt det]m9$ to /r5g!n & favor _! own ,coptic peoples & to degrade & di%onor ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 :om !y reg>d$ z =eign]s4 ,ov] a long p]iod1 ! ,israelites1 divid$ & scatt]$1 7 captive 9 ! h&s ( ! tyrannical ,copts1 & 7 scorn$ & despis$ by all1 s t ! meane/ ( ! ,copts w\ld freely p]secute & "l x ov] ! noble/ ( ! ,israelites4 ,! enslavem5t1 wret*$ness & helplessness ( ! ,hebrews rea*$ su* a pit* t !y 7 nev]1 day or night1 secure 9 _! own p]sons nor able to provide any def5se = _! wives & families aga9/ ! tyranny ( _! ,ph>aohic captors4 ,!n _! food 0 ! fragm5ts ( _! own brok5 he>ts1 & _! dr9k a riv] ( te>s4 ,!y cont9u$ on 9 ?is angui% until sudd5ly ,moses1 ! ,all-,beaute\s1 beheld ! ,div9e ,light /ream+ out ( ! bless$ ,vale1 ! place t 0 holy gr\nd1 & he>d ! quick5+ voice ( ,god z x spoke f ! flame ( t ,tree 8nei!r ( ! ,ea/ nor ( ! ,we/107#ea7 & ,he /ood up 9 ! full panoply ( ,8 univ]sal prophe?ood4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ,israelites1 ,he blaz$ out l a lamp ( ,div9e guidance1 & by ! light ( salvation ,he l$ t lo/ p out ( ! %ad[s ( ignorance into k & p]fection4 ,he ga!r$ ,israel's scatt]$ tribes into ! %elt] ( ! unify+ & univ]sal ,^w ( ,god1 & ov] ! heights ( union ,he rais$ up ! bann] ( h>mony1 s t )9 a brief int]val ^? b5ight$ s\ls became spiritually educat$1 & !y :o _h be5 /rang]s to ! tru?1 ralli$ to ! cause ( ! on5ess ( ,god1 & 7 deliv]$ out ( _! wret*$ness1 _! indig5ce1 _! incompreh5sion & captivity & a*iev$ a supreme degree ( happ9ess & honor4 ,!y emigrat$ f ,egypt1 set out = ,israel's orig9al homel&1 & came to ,canaan & ,phili/ia4 ,!y fir/ conqu]$ ! %ores ( ! ,riv] ,jordan1 & ,j]i*o1 & settl$ 9 t area1 & ultimately all ! neighbor+ regions1 su* z ,pho5icia1 ,edom & ,ammon1 came "u _! sway4 ,9 ,jo%ua's "t !re 7 ?irty-"o gov]nm5ts 9 ! h&s ( ! ,israelites1 & 9 e noble human attribute--le>n+1 /ability1 det]m9ation1 c\rage1 honor1 g5]osity--?is p came to surpass all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,:5 9 ^? days an ,israelite w\ld ent] a ga!r+1 he 0 imm$iately s+l$ out = 8 _m virtues1 & ev5 =eign peoples wi%+ to praise a man w\ld say t he 0 l an ,israelite4 ,x is fur!rmore a matt] ( record 9 num]\s hi/orical works t ! philosoph]s ( ,greece su* z ,py?agoras1 acquir$ ! major "p ( _! philosophy1 bo? div9e & mat]ial1 f ! disciples ( ,solomon4 ,& ,socrates aft] hav+ eag]ly j\rney$ to meet ) "s ( ,israel's mo/ illu/ri\s s*ol>s & div9es1 on 8 return to ,greece e/abli%$ ! concept ( ! on5ess ( ,god & ! cont9u+ life ( ! human s\l aft] x has put (f its elem5tal du/4 ,ultimately1 ! ignorant among ! ,greeks d5\nc$ ?is man :o _h fa?om$ ! inmo/ my/]ies ( wisdom1 & rose up to take 8 life2 & !n ! populace =c$ ! h& ( _! rul]1 & 9 c\ncil assembl$ !y caus$ ,socrates to dr9k f ! poison$ cup4 ,aft] ! ,israelites _h advanc$ along e level ( civilization1 & _h a*iev$ success 9 ! highe/ possible degree1 !y began little by little to =get ! root-pr9ciples ( ! ,mosaic ,law & ,fai?1 to busy !mselves ) rites & c]emonials & to %[ =? unbecom+ conduct4 ,9 ! days ( ,rehoboam1 ! son ( ,solomon1 t]rible diss5sion broke out among !m2 "o ( _! numb]1 ,j]oboam1 plott$ to get ! ?rone1 & x 0 he :o introduc$ ! wor%ip ( idols4 ,! /rife betwe5 ,rehoboam & ,j]oboam l$ to c5turies ( w>f>e betwe5 _! desc5dants1 ) ! result t ! tribes ( ,israel 7 scatt]$ & disrupt$4 ,9 brief1 x 0 because !y =got ! mean+ ( ! ,law ( ,god t !y became involv$ 9 ignorant fanaticism & blamewor?y practices su* z insurg5ce & s$ition4 ,_! div9es1 hav+ conclud$ t all ^? ess5tial qualifications ( humank9d set =? 9 ! ,holy ,book 7 by !n a dead lett]1 began to ?9k only ( fur!r+ _! own selfi% int]e/s1 & afflict$ ! p by all[+ !m to s9k into ! l[e/ dep?s ( he$lessness & ignorance4 ,& ! fruit ( _! wrong do+ 0 ?is1 t ! old-"t glory :i* _h endur$ s long n[ *ang$ to degradation1 & ! rul]s ( ,p]sia1 ( ,greece1 & ( ,rome1 took !m ov]4 ,! bann]s ( _! sov]eignty 7 rev]s$2 ! ignorance1 fooli%ness1 abasem5t & self-love ( _! religi\s lead]s & _! s*ol>s 7 br\ght to light 9 ! com+ ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 :o de/roy$ !m4 ,aft] a g5]al massacre1 & ! sack+ & raz+ ( _! h\ses & ev5 ! uproot+ ( _! trees1 he took captive :atev] remnants 8 sword _h sp>$ & c>ri$ !m (f to ,babylon4 ,sev5ty ye>s lat] ! desc5dants ( ^! captives 7 releas$ & w5t back to ,j]usalem4 ,!n ,hezekiah & ,ezra ree/abli%$ 9 _! mid/ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,holy ,book1 & day by day ! ,israelites advanc$1 & ! morn+-brightness ( _! e>li] ages dawn$ aga94 ,9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 great diss5sions z to belief & conduct broke out anew1 & aga9 ! "o conc]n ( ! ,jewi% doctors became ! promotion ( _! own selfi% purposes1 & ! re=ms t _h obta9$ 9 ,ezra's "t 7 *ang$ to p]v]sity & corruption4 ,! situation wors5$ to su* a degree t "t & aga91 ! armies ( ! republic ( ,rome & ( its rul]s conqu]$ ,israelite t]ritory4 ,f9ally ! w>like ,titus1 comm&] ( ! ,roman =ces1 trampl$ ! ,jewi% homel& into du/1 putt+ e man to ! sword1 tak+ ! wom5 & *ildr5 captive1 flatt5+ _! h\ses1 te>+ out _! trees1 burn+ _! books1 loot+ _! treasures1 & r$uc+ ,j]usalem & ! ,temple to an a% heap4 ,aft] ?is supreme calamity1 ! /> ( ,israel's dom9ion sank away to no?+1 & to ?is day1 ! remnant ( t vani%$ nation has be5 scatt]$ to ! f\r w9ds4 8,humiliation & mis]y 7 /amp$ ^u !m407#eb7 ,^! two mo/ great afflictions1 br\ght on by ,nebu*adnezz> & ,titus1 are ref]r$ to 9 ! glori\s ,qur'n3 8,& ,we solemnly decl>$ to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! ,book1 #8,twice surely w ye commit evil 9 ! e>?1 & ) great l(t9ess ( pride w ye surely be uplift$4' ,& :5 ! m5ace = ! fir/ ( ! two came to be execut$1 ,we s5t aga9/ y ,our s]vants end[$ ) t]rible pr[ess2 & !y se>*$ ! inmo/ "p ( y\r abodes1 & ! m5ace 0 accompli%$444 ,& :5 ! puni%m5t ?reat5$ = y\r latt] transgression came to be inflict$1 !n ,we s5t an enemy to sadd5 y\r faces1 & to ent] ! ,temple z !y ent]$ x at fir/1 & to de/roy ) utt] de/ruction t :i* !y _h conqu]$407#ec7 ,our purpose is to %[ h[ true religion promotes ! civilization & honor1 ! prosp]ity & pre/ige1 ! le>n+ & advancem5t ( a p once abject1 enslav$ & ignorant1 & h[1 :5 x falls into ! h&s ( religi\s lead]s :o are fooli% & fanatical1 x is div]t$ to ! wrong ends1 until ?is greate/ ( spl5dors turns into blacke/ night4 ,:5 = ! second "t ! unmi/akable signs ( ,israel's dis9tegration1 abasem5t1 subjection & annihilation _h become app>5t1 !n ! sweet & holy brea?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god 7,jesus7 7 %$ across ,jordan & ! l& ( ,galilee2 ! cl\d ( ,div9e pity ov]spread ^? skies1 & ra9$ d[n ! copi\s wat]s ( ! _s1 & aft] ^? swell+ %[]s t came f ! mo/ great ,sea1 ! ,holy ,l& put =? its p]fume & blossom$ ) ! k ( ,god4 ,!n ! solemn ,gospel song rose up till x rang 9 ! e>s ( ^? :o dwell 9 ! *amb]s ( heav51 & at ! t\* ( ,jesus' brea? ! unm9dful dead t lay 9 ! graves ( _! ignorance lift$ up _! heads to receive et]nal life4 ,= ! space ( ?ree ye>s1 t ,lum9>y ( p]fections walk$ ab\t ! fields ( ,pale/9e & 9 ! neighborhood ( ,j]usalem1 lead+ all m5 into ! dawn ,,pages #ha-ajj ( r$emption1 tea*+ !m h[ to acquire spiritual qualities & attributes well-pleas+ to ,god4 ,_h ! p ( ,israel believ$ 9 t beaute\s ,c\nt5ance1 !y w\ld h gird$ !mselves to s]ve & obey ,him he>t & s\l1 & ?r\gh ! quick5+ fragrance ( ,8 ,_s !y w\ld h rega9$ _! lo/ vitality & gone on to new victories4 ,alas1 ( :at avail 0 x2 !y turn$ away & oppos$ ,him4 ,!y rose up & torm5t$ t ,s\rce ( ,div9e k1 t ,po9t :]e ! ,revelation _h come d[n--all except = a h&ful :o1 turn+ _! faces t[>d ,god1 7 cleans$ ( ! /a9 ( ?is _w & f\nd _! way to ! heights ( ! placeless ,realm4 ,!y inflict$ e agony on t ,wellspr+ ( grace until x became impossible = ,him to live 9 ! t[ns1 & /ill ,he lift$ up ! flag ( salvation & solidly e/abli%$ ! fundam5tals ( human righte\sness1 t ess5tial basis ( true civilization4 ,9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w beg9n+ ) ! ?irty-sev5? v]se ,he c\nsels3 8,resi/ n evil & injury ) its l2 b :osoev] %all smite !e on ?y "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also40 ,& fur!r1 f ! =ty-?ird v]se3 8,ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said1 #8,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor1 & ?\ %alt n vex ?9e enemy ) enmity4'7#ed7 ,b ,i say unto y1 love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y1 & p]secute y2 t ye may be ! *ildr5 ( y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav53 = ,he make? ,8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? d[n ! ra9 ( ,8 m]cy on ! j & on ! unju/4 ,= if ye love !m :i* love y1 :at rew>d h ye8 ,d n ev5 ! publicans ! same80 ,_m 7 ! c\nsels ( ?is k9d t 7 utt]$ by t ,dayspr+ ( ,div9e wisdom1 & s\ls :o h become *>act]iz$ ) su* attributes ( hol9ess are ! di/ill$ ess5ce ( creation & ! s\rces ( true civilization4 ,jesus1 !n1 f\nd$ ! sacr$ ,law on a basis ( moral "* & complete spirituality1 & = ^? :o believ$ 9 ,him ,he del9eat$ a special way ( life :i* con/itutes ! highe/ type ( action on e>?4 ,& :ile ^? emblems ( r$emption 7 to outw>d seem+ ab&on$ to ! malevol5ce & p]secution ( _! torm5tors1 9 reality !y _h be5 deliv]$ out ( ! hopeless d>kness :i* encompass$ ! ,jews & !y %one =? 9 ev]la/+ glory at ! dawn ( t new day4 ,t mighty ,jewi% nation toppl$ & crumbl$ away1 b ^? few s\ls :o s\ght %elt] b5ea? ! ,messianic ,tree trans=m$ all human life4 ,at t "t ! peoples ( ! _w 7 utt]ly ignorant1 fanatical & idolatr\s4 ,only a small gr\p ( ,jews pr(ess$ belief 9 ! on5ess ( ,god & !y 7 wret*$ outca/s4 ,^! holy ,*ri/ian s\ls n[ /ood up to promulgate a ,cause :i* 0 diametrically oppos$ & repugnant to ! beliefs ( ! entire human race4 ,! k+s ( f\r out ( ! _w's five cont95ts inexorably resolv$ to wipe out ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 & nev]!less 9 ! end mo/ ( !m set ab\t promot+ ! ,fai? ( ,god ) _! :ole he>ts2 all ! nations ( ,europe1 _m ( ! peoples ( ,asia & ,africa1 & "s ( ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 7 ga!r$ into ! %elt] ( ! on5ess ( ,god4 ,consid] :e!r !re exi/s any:]e 9 creation a pr9ciple mighti] 9 e s5se ?an religion1 or :e!r any conceivable p[] is m p]vasive ?an ! v>i\s ,div9e ,fai?s1 or :e!r any ag5cy c br+ ab\t real love & fell[%ip & union among all peoples z c belief 9 an almighty & all-kn[+ ,god1 or :e!r except = ! laws ( ,god !re has be5 any evid5ce ( an in/rum5tality = educat+ all mank9d 9 e phase ( righte\sness4 ,^? qualities :i* ! philosoph]s atta9$ :5 !y _h rea*$ ! v heights ( _! wisdom1 ^? noble human attributes :i* *>act]iz$ !m at ! peak ( _! p]fection1 w\ld be exemplifi$ by ! believ]s z soon z !y accept$ ! ,fai?4 ,obs]ve h[ ^? s\ls :o drank ! liv+ wat]s ( r$emption at ! graci\s h&s ( ,jesus1 ! ,_s ( ,god1 & came into ! %elt]+ %ade ( ! ,gospel1 atta9$ to su* a high plane ( moral conduct t ,gal51 ! celebrat$ physician1 al?\gh n himself a ,*ri/ian1 9 8 summ>y ( ,plato's ,republic extoll$ _! actions4 ,a lit]al translation ( 8 words is z foll[s3 8,! g5]ality ( mank9d are unable to grasp a sequ5ce ( logical argum5ts4 ,= ?is reason !y /& 9 ne$ ( symbols & p>ables tell+ ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 ! next _w4 ,a confirmatory evid5ce ( ?is is t today we obs]ve a p call$ ,*ri/ians1 :o believe dev\tly 9 rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 a future /ate4 ,?is gr\p %[ =? excell5t actions1 simil> to ! actions ( an individual :o is a true philosoph]4 ,= example1 we all see ) our own eyes t !y h no fe> ( dea?1 & _! passion = ju/ice & fair-deal+ is s great t !y %\ld be consid]$ true philosoph]s407#ee7 ,! /ation ( a philosoph]1 9 t age & 9 ! m9d ( ,gal51 0 sup]ior to any o!r /ation 9 ! _w4 ,consid] !n h[ ! enlight5+ & spiritualiz+ p[] ( div9e religions impels ! believ]s to su* heights ( p]fection t a philosoph] l ,gal51 n himself a ,*ri/ian1 (f]s su* te/imony4 ,"o demon/ration ( ! excell5t "* ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ^? days 0 _! d$ication to *>ity & good works1 & ! fact t !y f\nd$ hospitals & philan?ropic in/itutions4 ,= example1 ! fir/ p]son to e/abli% public cl9ics ?r\gh\t ! ,roman ,empire :]e ! poor1 ! injur$ & ! helpless receiv$ m$ical c>e1 0 ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,?is great k+ 0 ! fir/ ,roman rul] to *ampion ! ,cause ( ,*ri/4 ,he sp>$ no ef=ts1 d$icat+ 8 life to ! promotion ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,gospel1 & he solidly e/abli%$ ! ,roman gov]nm5t1 :i* 9 reality _h be5 no?+ b a sy/em ( unreliev$ oppression1 on mod]ation & ju/ice4 ,8 bless$ "n %9es out across ! dawn ( hi/ory l ! morn+ />1 & 8 rank & fame among ! _w's noble/ & mo/ highly civiliz$ is /ill on ! tongues ( ,*ri/ians ( all d5om9ations4 ,:at a firm f\ndation ( excell5t "* 0 laid d[n 9 ^? days1 ?anks to ! tra9+ ( holy s\ls :o arose to promote ! tea*+s ( ! ,gospel4 ,h[ _m prim>y s*ools1 colleges1 hospitals1 7 e/abli%$1 & in/itutions :]e fa!rless & indig5t *ildr5 receiv$ _! education4 ,h[ _m 7 ! individuals :o sacrific$ _! own p]sonal advantages & 8out ( desire to please ! ,"l07#ef7 devot$ ! days ( _! lives to tea*+ ! masses4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! "t approa*$ = ! effulg5t beauty ( ,muammad to dawn ^u ! _w1 ! control ( ,*ri/ian affairs pass$ into ! h&s ( ignorant prie/s4 ,^? heav5ly breezes1 s(t-fl[+ f ! regions ( ,div9e grace1 di$ away1 & ! laws ( ! great ,evangel1 ! rock-f\ndation on :i* ! civilization ( ! _w 0 bas$1 turn$ b>r5 ( results1 ?is out ( misuse & because ( ! conduct ( p]sons :o1 seem+ly fair1 7 yet inw>dly f\l4 ,! not$ hi/orians ( ,europe1 9 describ+ ! conditions1 mann]s1 politics1 le>n+ & culture1 9 all _! aspects1 ( e>ly1 m$ieval & mod]n times1 unanim\sly record t dur+ ! t5 c5turies con/itut+ ! ,middle ,ages1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era till ! close ( ! fifte5?1 ,europe 0 9 e respect & to an extreme degree1 b>b>ic & d>k4 ,! pr9cipal cause ( ?is 0 t ! monks1 ref]r$ to by ,european peoples z spiritual & religi\s lead]s1 _h giv5 up ! abid+ glory t comes f ob$i5ce to ! sacr$ comm&m5ts & heav5ly tea*+s ( ! ,gospel1 & _h jo9$ =ces ) ! presumptu\s & tyrannical rul]s ( ! temporal gov]nm5ts ( ^? times4 ,!y _h turn$ _! eyes away f ev]la/+ glory1 & 7 devot+ all _! ef=ts to ! fur!rance ( _! mutual worldly int]e/s & pass+ & p]i%able advantages4 ,ultimately ?+s rea*$ a po9t :]e ! masses 7 hopeless prison]s 9 ! h&s ( ^! two gr\ps1 & all ?is br\ght d[n 9 ru9s ! :ole /ructure ( ! religion1 culture1 welf>e & civilization ( ! peoples ( ,europe4 ,:5 ! unwor?y acts & ?\ghts & ! discr$itable purposes ( ! lead]s _h /ill$ ! sweet savors ( ! ,_s ( ,god 7,jesus7 & !y ceas$ to /ream across ! _w1 & ! d>kness ( ignorance & bigotry & ( actions t 7 displeas+ to ,god1 encompass$ ! e>?1 !n ! dawn ( hope %one out & ! ,div9e spr+ drew on2 a cl\d ( m]cy ov]spread ! _w1 & out ( ! regions ( grace ! fecund w9ds began to bl[4 ,9 ! sign ( ,muammad1 ! ,sun ( ,tru? rose ov] ,ya?rib 7,m$9a7 & ! ijz & ca/ across ! univ]se ! lights ( et]nal glory4 ,!n ! e>? ( human pot5tialities 0 trans=m$1 & ! words 8,! e>? %all %9e ) ! light ( h] ,"l107#eg7 7 fulfill$4 ,! old _w turn$ new aga91 & its dead body rose into abundant life4 ,!n tyranny & ignorance 7 ov]?r[n1 & t[]+ palaces ( k & ju/ice 7 re>$ 9 _! place4 ,a sea ( enlight5m5t ?und]$1 & sci5ce ca/ d[n its rays4 ,! savage peoples ( ! ijz1 be=e t ,flame ( supreme ,prophe?ood 0 lit 9 ! lamp ( ,mecca1 7 ! mo/ bruti% & b5ight$ ( all ! peoples ( ! e>?4 ,9 all ! hi/ories1 _! deprav$ & vici\s practices1 _! f]ocity & _! con/ant feuds1 are a matt] ( record4 ,9 ^? days ! civiliz$ peoples ( ! _w did n ev5 consid] ! ,arab tribes ( ,mecca & ,m$9a z human be+s4 ,& yet1 aft] ! ,light ( ! ,_w rose ov] !m1 !y 7--because ( ! education be/[$ on !m by t ,m9e ( p]fections1 t ,focal ,c5t] ( ,revelation1 & ! bless+s v\*saf$ by ! ,div9e ,law--)9 a brief int]val ga!r$ into ! %elt] ( ! pr9ciple ( ,div9e on5ess4 ,?is bruti% p !n atta9$ su* a high degree ( human p]fection & civilization t all _! contempor>ies m>vel$ at !m4 ,^? v peoples :o _h always mock$ ! ,arabs & held !m up to ridicule z a bre$ devoid ( judgm5t1 n[ eag]ly s\ght !m out1 visit+ _! c\ntries to acquire enlight5m5t & culture1 te*nical skills1 /atecraft1 arts & sci5ces4 ,obs]ve ! influ5ce on mat]ial situations ( t tra9+ :i* is inculcat$ by ! true ,educator4 ,"h 7 tribes s b5ight$ & untam$ t dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,jhilyyih !y w\ld bury _! sev5-ye>-old daught]s alive--an act :i* ev5 an animal1 let alone a human be+1 w\ld hate & %r9k f b :i* !y 9 _! extreme degradation consid]$ ! ultimate expression ( honor & devotion to pr9ciple--& ?is d>k5$ p1 ?anks to ! manife/ tea*+s ( t great ,p]sonage1 advanc$ to su* a degree t aft] !y conqu]$ ,egypt1 ,syria & its capital ,damascus1 ,*aldea1 ,mesopotamia & rn1 !y came to adm9i/] s+le-h&$ly :atev] matt]s 7 ( major importance 9 f\r ma9 regions ( ! globe4 ,! ,arabs !n excell$ all ! peoples ( ! _w 9 sci5ce & ! arts1 9 indu/ry & inv5tion1 9 philosophy1 gov]nm5t & moral "*4 ,& truly1 ! rise ( ?is bruti% & despicable elem5t1 9 su* a %ort int]val1 to ! supreme heights ( human p]fection1 is ! greate/ demon/ration ( ! rightfulness ( ! ,"l ,muammad's ,prophe?ood4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ,islm ! peoples ( ,europe acquir$ ! sci5ces & arts ( civilization f ,islm z practic$ by ! inhabitants ( ,&alusia4 ,a c>eful & ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! hi/orical record w e/abli% ! fact t ! major "p ( ! civilization ( ,europe is d]iv$ f ,islm2 = all ! writ+s ( ,muslim s*ol>s & div9es & philosoph]s 7 gradually collect$ 9 ,europe & 7 ) ! mo/ pa9/ak+ c>e weigh$ & debat$ at academic ga!r+s & 9 ! c5t]s ( le>n+1 aft] :i* _! valu$ cont5ts w\ld be put to use4 ,today1 num]\s copies ( ! works ( ,muslim s*ol>s :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ,islamic c\ntries1 are available 9 ! libr>ies ( ,europe4 ,fur!rmore1 ! laws & pr9ciples curr5t 9 all ,european c\ntries are d]iv$ to a consid]able degree & inde$ virtually 9 _! entirety f ! works on jurisprud5ce & ! legal decision ( ,muslim !ologians4 ,7 x n = ! fe> ( unduly l5g!n+ ! pres5t text1 ,we w\ld cite ^! borr[+s "o by "o4 ,! beg9n+s ( ,european civilization date f ! sev5? c5tury ( ! ,muslim era4 ,! p>ticul>s 7 ^!3 t[>d ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ( ! hegira1 ! ,pope or ,head ( ,*ri/5dom set up a great hue & cry ov] ! fact t places sacr$ to ! ,*ri/ians1 su* z ,j]usalem1 ,be?lehem & ,naz>e?1 _h fall5 "u ,muslim rule1 & he /irr$ up ! k+s & ! common]s ( ,europe to und]take :at he consid]$ a holy w>4 ,8 impassion$ outcry wax$ s l\d t all ! c\ntries ( ,europe respond$1 & crusad+ k+s at ! head ( innum]able ho/s pass$ ov] ! ,sea ( ,m>m>a & made _! way to ! cont95t ( ,asia4 ,9 ^? days ! ,ftimid caliphs rul$ ov] ,egypt & "s c\ntries ( ! ,we/1 & mo/ ( ! "t ! k+s ( ,syria1 t is ! ,saljqs1 7 subject to !m z well4 ,briefly1 ! k+s ( ! ,we/ ) _! unnumb]$ armies fell ^u ,syria & ,egypt1 & !re 0 cont9u\s w>f>e betwe5 ! ,syrian rul]s & ^? ( ,europe = a p]iod ( two hundr$ & ?ree ye>s4 ,re9=cem5ts 7 always com+ 9 f ,europe1 & "t & "t aga9 ! ,we/]n rul]s /orm$ & took ov] e ca/le 9 ,syria1 & z (t51 ! k+s ( ,islm deliv]$ !m out ( _! h&s4 ,f9ally ,salad91 9 ! ye> #fic ,a4,h41 drove ! ,european k+s & _! armies out ( ,egypt & (f ! ,syrian coa/4 ,hopelessly beat51 !y w5t back to ,europe4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! w>s ( ! ,crusades1 millions ( human be+s p]i%$4 ,to sum up1 f #dij ,a4,h4 until #fic1 k+s1 comm&]s & o!r ,european lead]s cont9ually came & w5t betwe5 ,egypt1 ,syria & ! ,we/1 & :5 9 ! end !y all return$ home1 !y introduc$ into ,europe :atev] !y _h obs]v$ ov] two hundr$ & odd ye>s 9 ,muslim c\ntries z to gov]nm5t1 social developm5t & le>n+1 colleges1 s*ools & ! ref9em5ts ( liv+4 ,! civilization ( ,europe dates f t "t4 ,o p ( ,p]sia6 ,h[ long w y\r torpor & le?>gy la/8 ,y 7 once ! lords ( ! :ole e>?2 ! _w 0 at y\r beck & call4 ,h[ is x t y\r glory has laps$ & y h fall5 f favor n[1 & crept away into "s corn] ( oblivion8 ,y 7 ! f\nta9head ( le>n+1 ! unfail+ spr+ ( light = all ! e>?1 h[ is x t y are )]$ n[1 & qu5*$1 & fa9t ( he>t8 ,y :o once lit ! _w1 h[ is x t y lurk1 in]t1 bemus$1 9 d>kness n[8 ,op5 y\r m9d's eye1 see y\r great & pres5t ne$4 ,rise up & /ruggle1 seek education1 seek enlight5m5t4 ,is x meet t a =eign p %\ld receive f y\r own =be>s its culture & its k1 & t y1 _! blood1 _! rightful heirs1 %\ld g )\t8 ,h[ does x seem1 :5 y\r neighbors are at "w by day & night ) _! :ole he>ts1 provid+ = _! advancem5t1 _! honor & prosp]ity1 t y1 9 y\r ignorant fanaticism1 are busy only ) y\r qu>rels & antipa?ies1 y\r indulg5ces & appetites & empty dreams8 ,is x comm5dable t y %\ld wa/e & fritt] away 9 apa?y ! brilliance t is y\r bir?right1 y\r native compet5ce1 y\r inborn und]/&+8 ,aga91 ,we h digress$ f ,our !me4 ,^? ,european intellectuals :o are well-in=m$ z to ! facts ( ,europe's pa/1 & are *>act]iz$ by tru?fulness & a s5se ( ju/ice1 unanim\sly ackn[l$ge t 9 e p>ticul> ! basic elem5ts ( _! civilization are d]iv$ f ,islm4 ,= example ,drap]17#eh7 ! well-kn[n ,fr5* au?ority1 a writ] ^: accuracy1 ability & le>n+ are atte/$ by all ,european s*ol>s1 9 "o ( 8 be/-kn[n works1 ,! ,intellectual ,developm5t ( ,europe1 has writt5 a detail$ acc\nt 9 ?is connection1 t is1 ) ref]5ce to ! d]ivation by ! peoples ( ,europe ( ! fundam5tals ( civilization & ! bases ( progress & well-be+ f ,islm4 ,8 acc\nt is exhau/ive1 & a translation "h w\ld unduly l5g!n out ! pres5t "w & w\ld inde$ be irrelevant to ,our purpose4 ,if fur!r details are desir$ ! read] may ref] to t text4 ,9 ess5ce1 ! au?or %[s h[ ! totality ( ,europe's civilization--its laws1 pr9ciples1 in/itutions1 its sci5ces1 philosophies1 v>i$ le>n+1 its civiliz$ mann]s & cu/oms1 its lit]ature1 art & indu/ry1 its organization1 its discipl9e1 its behavior1 its comm5dable "* traits1 & ev5 _m ( ! words curr5t 9 ! ,fr5* language1 d]ives f ! ,arabs4 ,"o by "o1 he inve/igates ea* ( ^! elem5ts 9 detail1 ev5 giv+ ! p]iod :5 ea* 0 br\ght ov] f ,islm4 ,he describes z well ! arrival ( ! ,arabs 9 ! ,we/1 9 :at is n[ ,spa91 & h[ 9 a %ort "t !y e/abli%$ a well-develop$ civilization !re1 & to :at a high degree ( excell5ce _! adm9i/rative sy/em & s*ol>%ip atta9$1 & h[ solidly f\nd$ & well regulat$ 7 _! s*ools & colleges1 :]e sci5ces & philosophy1 arts & crafts1 7 taught2 :at a high level ( lead]%ip !y a*iev$ 9 ! arts ( civilization & h[ _m 7 ! *ildr5 ( ,europe's lead+ families :o 7 s5t to att5d ! s*ools ( ,cordova & ,granada1 ,seville & ,tol$o to acquire ! sci5ces & arts ( civiliz$ life4 ,he ev5 records t a ,european nam$ ,g]b]t came to ! ,we/ & enroll$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cordova 9 ,arab t]ritory1 /udi$ arts & sci5ces !re1 & aft] 8 return to ,europe a*iev$ su* prom95ce t ultimately he 0 elevat$ to ! lead]%ip ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & became ! ,pope4 ,! purpose ( ^! ref]5ces is to e/abli% ! fact t ! religions ( ,god are ! true s\rce ( ! spiritual & mat]ial p]fections ( man1 & ! f\nta9head = all mank9d ( enlight5m5t & b5eficial k4 ,if "o obs]ves ! matt] ju/ly x w be f\nd t all ! laws ( politics are conta9$ 9 ^! few & holy words3 8,& !y enjo9 :at is j1 & =bid :at is unju/1 & spe$ on 9 good works4 ,^! are ( ! righte\s407#ei7 ,& aga93 8t !re may be among y a p :o invite to ! good1 & enjo9 ! j1 & =bid ! wrong4 ,^! are !y ) :om x %all be well407#fj7 ,& fur!r3 8,v]ily1 ,god enjo9e? ju/ice & ! do+ ( good 444 & ,he =bidde? wick$ness & oppression4 ,he w>ne? y t haply ye may be m9dful407#fa7 ,& yet aga91 ( ! civiliz+ ( human behavior3 8,make due all[ances2 & enjo9 :at is j1 & )draw f ! ignorant407#fb7 ,& likewise3 8444:o ma/] _! ang]1 & =give o!rs6 ,god love? ! do]s ( good407#fc7 ,& aga93 8,!re is no righte\sness 9 turn+ y\r faces t[>d ! ,ea/ or ! ,we/1 b he is righte\s :o believe? 9 ,god1 & ! la/ day1 & ! angels1 & ! ,scriptures1 & ! ,prophets2 :o = ! love ( ,god disburse? 8 weal? to 8 k9dr$1 & to orphans1 & ! ne$y & ! wayf>]1 & ^? :o ask1 & = ransom2 :o obs]ve? pray]1 & paye? ! legal alms1 & :o is ( ^? :o p]=m _! cov5ant :5 !y h cov5ant$1 & are pati5t "u ills & h>d%ips1 & 9 "t ( tr\ble3 ^! are !y :o are j1 & ^! are !y :o fe> ! ,"l407#fd7 ,& yet fur!r3 8,!y pref] !m be=e !mselves1 ?\gh pov]ty be _! own lot407#fe7 ,see h[ ^! few sacr$ v]ses encompass ! highe/ levels & inn]mo/ mean+s ( civilization & embody all ! excell5cies ( human "*4 ,by ! ,"l ,god1 & !re is no ,god b ,he1 ev5 ! m9ute/ details ( civiliz$ life d]ive f ! grace ( ! ,prophets ( ,god4 ,:at ?+ ( value to mank9d has ev] come into be+ :i* 0 n fir/ set =? ei!r directly or by implication 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures8 ,alas1 ( :at avail is x4 ,:5 ! weapons are 9 c[>ds' h&s1 no man's life & prop]ty are safe1 & ?ieves only gr[ ! /rong]4 ,:51 9 ! same way1 a f>-f-p]fect prie/hood acquire control ( affairs1 !y come d[n l a massive curta9 betwe5 ! p & ! light ( ,fai?4 ,s9c]ity is ! f\ndation-/one ( fai?4 ,t is1 a religi\s individual mu/ disreg>d 8 p]sonal desires & seek 9 :atev] way he c :olehe>t$ly to s]ve ! public int]e/2 & x is impossible = a human be+ to turn aside f 8 own selfi% advantages & sacrifice 8 own good = ! good ( ! community except ?r\gh true religi\s fai?4 ,= self-love is knead$ into ! v clay ( man1 & x is n possible t1 )\t any hope ( a sub/antial rew>d1 he %\ld neglect 8 own pres5t mat]ial good4 ,t individual1 h[ev]1 :o puts 8 fai? 9 ,god & believes 9 ! words ( ,god--because he is promis$ & c]ta9 ( a pl5tiful rew>d 9 ! next life1 & because worldly b5efits z comp>$ to ! abid+ joy & glory ( future planes ( exi/5ce are no?+ to him--w = ! sake ( ,god ab&on 8 own peace & pr(it & w freely consecrate 8 he>t & s\l to ! common good4 8,a man1 too1 !re is :o selle? 8 v self out ( desire to please ,god407#ff7 ,!re are "s :o imag9e t an innate s5se ( human dignity w prev5t man f committ+ evil actions & insure 8 spiritual & mat]ial p]fection4 ,t is1 t an individual :o is *>act]iz$ ) natural intellig5ce1 high resolve1 & a driv+ zeal1 w1 )\t any consid]ation = ! sev]e puni%m5ts consequ5t on evil acts1 or = ! great rew>ds ( righte\sness1 in/9ctively refra9 f inflict+ h>m on 8 fell[ m5 & w hung] & ?ir/ to d good4 ,& yet1 if we pond] ! lessons ( hi/ory x w become evid5t t ?is v s5se ( honor & dignity is itself "o ( ! b\nties d]iv+ f ! in/ructions ( ! ,prophets ( ,god4 ,we also obs]ve 9 infants ! signs ( aggression & lawlessness1 & t if a *ild is depriv$ ( a tea*]'s in/ructions 8 undesirable qualities increase f "o mom5t to ! next4 ,x is !re=e cle> t ! em]g5ce ( ?is natural s5se ( human dignity & honor is ! result ( education4 ,secondly1 ev5 if we grant = ! sake ( ! argum5t t in/9ctive intellig5ce & an innate moral quality w\ld prev5t wrongdo+1 x is obvi\s t individuals s *>act]iz$ are z r>e z ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,an assumption ( ?is sort _c be validat$ by m]e words1 x mu/ be support$ by ! facts4 ,let u see :at p[] 9 creation impels ! masses t[>d righte\s aims & de$s6 ,aside f ?is1 if t r>e individual :o does exemplify su* a faculty %\ld also become an embodim5t ( ! fe> ( ,god1 x is c]ta9 t 8 /riv+s t[>d righte\sness w\ld be /rongly re9=c$4 ,univ]sal b5efits d]ive f ! grace ( ! ,div9e religions1 = !y lead _! true foll[]s to s9c]ity ( int5t1 to high purpose1 to purity & spotless honor1 to surpass+ k9dness & compassion1 to ! keep+ ( _! cov5ants :5 !y h cov5ant$1 to conc]n = ! rights ( o!rs1 to lib]ality1 to ju/ice 9 e aspect ( life1 to humanity & philan?ropy1 to valor & to unflagg+ ef=ts 9 ! s]vice ( mank9d4 ,x is religion1 to sum up1 :i* produces all human virtues1 & x is ^! virtues :i* are ! bright c&les ( civilization4 ,if a man is n *>act]iz$ by ^! excell5t qualities1 x is c]ta9 t he has nev] atta9$ to s mu* z a drop out ( ! fa?omless riv] ( ! wat]s ( life t fl[s ?r\gh ! tea*+s ( ! ,holy ,books1 nor caught ! fa9te/ brea? ( ! fragrant breezes t bl[ f ! g>d5s ( ,god2 = no?+ on e>? c be demon/rat$ by words alone1 & e level ( exi/5ce is kn[n by its signs & symbols1 & e degree 9 man's developm5t has its id5tify+ m>k4 ,! purpose ( ^! /atem5ts is to make x abundantly cle> t ! ,div9e religions1 ! holy precepts1 ! heav5ly tea*+s1 are ! unassailable basis ( human happ9ess1 & t ! peoples ( ! _w c hope = no real relief or deliv]ance )\t ?is "o great rem$y4 ,?is panacea mu/1 h[ev]1 be adm9i/]$ by a wise & skill$ physician1 = 9 ! h&s ( an incompet5t all ! cures t ! ,"l ( m5 has ev] creat$ to heal m5's ills c\ld produce no heal?1 & w\ld on ! contr>y only de/roy ! helpless & burd5 ! he>ts ( ! already afflict$4 ,t ,s\rce ( ,div9e wisdom1 t ,manife/ation ( ,univ]sal ,prophe?ood 7,muammad71 enc\rag+ mank9d to acquire sci5ces & arts & simil> advantages has comm&$ !m to seek ^! ev5 9 ! fur!rmo/ rea*es ( ,*9a2 yet ! incompet5t & cavil+ doctors =bid ?is1 (f]+ z _! ju/ification ! say+1 8,he :o imitates a p is "o ( !m40 ,!y h n ev5 grasp$ :at is meant by ! 8imitation0 ref]r$ to1 nor d !y "k t ! ,div9e religions enjo9 ^u & enc\rage all ! fai?ful to adopt su* pr9ciples z w conduce to cont9u\s improvem5ts1 & to acquire f o!r peoples sci5ces & arts4 ,:oev] expresses himself to ! contr>y has nev] drunk ( ! nect> ( k & is a/ray 9 8 own ignorance1 grop+ aft] ! mirage ( 8 desires4 ,judge ?is aright3 :i* "o ( ^! mod]n developm5ts1 :e!r 9 !mselves or 9 _! application1 is contr>y to ! ,div9e comm&m5ts8 ,if !y mean ! e/abli%m5t ( p>liam5ts1 ^! are enjo9$ by ! v text ( ! holy v]se3 8& ^: affairs are guid$ by mutual c\nsel407#fg7 ,& aga91 address+ ! ,dayspr+ ( all k1 ! ,s\rce ( p]fection 7,muammad71 9 spite ( ,8 be+ 9 possession ( univ]sal wisdom1 ! words are3 8& consult !m 9 ! affair407#fh7 ,9 view ( ?is h[ c ! "q ( mutual consultation be 9 conflict ) ! religi\s ,law8 ,! great advantages ( consultation c be e/abli%$ by logical argum5ts z well4 ,c !y say t x w\ld be contr>y to ! laws ( ,god to make a dea? s5t5ce conditional on ! mo/ c>eful inve/igations1 on ! sanction ( num]\s bodies1 on legal pro( & ! royal ord]8 ,c !y claim t :at w5t on "u ! previ\s gov]nm5t 0 9 con=mity ) ! ,qur'n8 ,= example1 9 ! days :5 j ,mrz ,aqs 0 ,prime ,m9i/]1 x 0 he>d f _m s\rces t ! gov]nor ( ,gulpaygn seiz$ ?irte5 def5seless bailiffs ( t region1 all ( !m ( holy l9eage1 all ( !m guiltless1 & )\t a trial1 & )\t obta9+ any high] sanction1 behead$ !m 9 a s+le h\r4 ,,pages #aja-aaf ,at "o "t ! population ( ,p]sia exce$$ fifty millions4 ,?is has be5 dissipat$ p>tly ?r\gh civil w>s1 b pr$om9antly because ( ! lack ( an adequate sy/em ( gov]nm5t & ! despotism & unbridl$ au?ority ( prov9cial & local gov]nors4 ,) ! passage ( "t1 n "o-fif? ( ! population has surviv$1 = ! gov]nors w\ld select any victim !y c>$ to1 h[ev] innoc5t1 & v5t _! wra? on him & de/roy him4 ,or1 = a :im1 !y w\ld make a pet out ( "s prov5 mass murd]]4 ,n a s\l c\ld speak out1 because ! gov]nor 0 9 absolute control4 ,c we say t ^! ?+s 7 9 con=mity ) ju/ice or ) ! laws ( ,god8 ,c we ma9ta9 t x is contr>y to ! fundam5tals ( ! ,fai? to enc\rage ! acquisition ( useful arts & ( g5]al k1 to in=m oneself z to ! tru?s ( su* physical sci5ces z are b5eficial to man1 & to wid5 ! scope ( indu/ry & increase ! products ( comm]ce & multiply ! nation's av5ues ( weal?8 ,w\ld x conflict ) ! wor%ip ( ,god to e/abli% law & ord] 9 ! cities & organize ! rural di/ricts1 to repair ! roads & build railroads & facilitate transportation & travel & ?us increase ! p's well-be+8 ,w\ld x be inconsi/5t ) ! ,div9e comm&s & prohibitions if we 7 to "w ! ab&on$ m9es :i* are ! greate/ s\rce ( ! nation's weal?1 & to build factories1 f :i* come ! entire p's com=t1 security & afflu5ce8 ,or to /imulate ! creation ( new indu/ries & to promote improvem5ts 9 our dome/ic products8 ,by ! ,all-,glori\s6 ,i am a/oni%$ to f9d :at a veil has fall5 across _! eyes1 & h[ x bl9ds !m ev5 to su* obvi\s necessities z ^!4 ,& !re is no d\bt :atev] t :5 conclusive argum5ts & pro(s ( ?is sort are advanc$1 !y w answ]1 out ( a ?\s& hidd5 spites & prejudices3 8,on ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 :5 m5 /& be=e _! ,"l1 !y w n be que/ion$ z to _! education & ! degree ( _! culture--r w !y be exam9$ z to _! good de$s40 ,let u grant ?is & assume t man w n be ask$ z to 8 culture & education2 ev5 s1 on t great ,day ( ,reckon+1 w n ! lead]s be call$ to acc\nt8 ,w x n be said to !m3 8,o *iefs & lead]s6 ,:y did ye cause ?is mighty nation to fall f ! heights ( its =m] glory1 to pass f its place at ! he>t & c5t] ( ! civiliz$ _w8 ,ye 7 well able to take hold ( su* measures z w\ld lead to ! high honor ( ?is p4 ,?is ye fail$ to d1 & ye ev5 w5t on to deprive !m ( ! common b5efits enjoy$ by all4 ,did n ?is p once %9e out l />s 9 an auspici\s heav58 ,h[ h ye d>$ to qu5* _! light 9 d>kness6 ,ye c\ld h lit ! lamp ( temporal & et]nal glory = !m2 :y did ye fail to /rive = ?is ) all y\r he>ts8 ,& :5 by ,god's grace a flam+ ,light fl>$ up1 :y did ye fail to %elt] x 9 ! glass ( y\r valor1 f ! w9ds t beat aga9/ x8 ,:y did ye rise up 9 all y\r might to put x out80 8,& e man's fate h ,we fa/5$ ab\t 8 neck3 & on ! ,day ( ,resurrection w ,we br+ x =? to him a book :i* %all be pr(f]$ to him wide op5407#fi7 ,aga91 is !re any de$ 9 ! _w t w\ld be nobl] ?an s]vice to ! common good8 ,is !re any great] bless+ conceivable = a man1 ?an t he %\ld become ! cause ( ! education1 ! developm5t1 ! prosp]ity & honor ( 8 fell[-creatures8 ,no1 by ! ,"l ,god6 ,! highe/ righte\sness ( all is = bless$ s\ls to take hold ( ! h&s ( ! helpless & deliv] !m out ( _! ignorance & abasem5t & pov]ty1 & ) pure motives1 & only = ! sake ( ,god1 to arise & en]getically devote !mselves to ! s]vice ( ! masses1 =gett+ _! own worldly advantage & work+ only to s]ve ! g5]al good4 8,!y pref] !m be=e !mselves1 ?\gh pov]ty be _! own lot407#gj7 8,! be/ ( m5 are ^? :o s]ve ! p2 ! wor/ ( m5 are ^? :o h>m ! p40 ,glory be to ,god6 ,:at an extraord9>y situation n[ obta9s1 :5 no "o1 he>+ a claim advanc$1 asks himself :at ! speak]'s real motive might be1 & :at selfi% purpose he might n h hidd5 beh9d ! mask ( words4 ,y f9d1 = example1 t an individual seek+ to fur!r 8 own petty & p]sonal conc]ns1 w block ! advancem5t ( an entire p4 ,to turn 8 own wat] mill1 he w let ! f>ms & fields ( all ! o!rs p>* & )]4 ,to ma9ta9 8 own lead]%ip1 he w ev]la/+ly direct ! masses t[>d t prejudice & fanaticism :i* subv]t ! v base ( civilization4 ,su* a man1 at ! same mom5t t he is p]petrat+ actions :i* are ana!ma 9 ! sight ( ,god & dete/$ by all ! ,prophets & ,holy ,ones1 if he sees a p]son :o has j f9i%$ eat+ wa% 8 h&s ) soap--an article ! inv5tor ( :i* 0 #8,abdu'llh ,bun1 a ,muslim--w1 because ?is un=tunate does n in/ead wipe 8 h&s up & d[n ! front ( 8 robe & on 8 be>d1 set up a hue & cry to ! effect t ! religi\s law has be5 ov]?r[n1 & ! mann]s & cu/oms ( hea!n nations are be+ introduc$ into ours4 ,utt]ly disreg>d+ ! evil ( 8 own ways1 he consid]s ! v cause ( cleanl9ess & ref9em5t z wick$ & fooli%4 ,o ,p ( ,p]sia6 ,op5 y\r eyes6 ,pay he$6 ,release y\rselves f ?is bl9d foll[+ ( ! bigots1 ?is s5seless imitation :i* is ! pr9cipal reason :y m5 fall away into pa?s ( ignorance & degradation4 ,see ! true /ate ( ?+s4 ,rise up2 seize hold ( su* means z w br+ y life & happ9ess & greatness & glory among all ! nations ( ! _w4 ,! w9ds ( ! true spr+tide are pass+ ov] y2 adorn y\rselves ) blossoms l trees 9 ! sc5t$ g>d54 ,spr+ cl\ds are /ream+2 !n turn y fre% & v]dant l ! sweet et]nal fields4 ,! dawn /> is %9+1 set y\r feet on ! true pa?4 ,! sea ( might is swell+1 ha/5 to ! %ores ( high resolve & =tune4 ,! pure wat] ( life is well+ up1 :y we> away y\r days 9 a des]t ( ?ir/8 ,aim high1 *oose noble ends2 h[ long ?is le?>gy1 h[ long ?is neglig5ce6 ,despair1 bo? "h & h]eaft]1 is all y w ga9 f self-indulg5ce2 abom9ation & mis]y are all y w h>ve/ f fanaticism1 f believ+ ! fooli% & ! m9dless4 ,! confirmations ( ,god are support+ y1 ! succor ( ,god is at h&3 :y d y n cry out & exult ) all y\r he>t1 & /rive ) all y\r s\l6 ,among ^? matt]s :i* require ?or\gh revision & re=m is ! me?od ( /udy+ ! v>i\s bran*es ( k & ! organization ( ! academic curriculum4 ,f lack ( organization1 education has become haphaz>d & confus$4 ,trifl+ subjects :i* %\ld n call = elaboration receive undue att5tion1 to su* an ext5t t /ud5ts1 ov] long p]iods ( "t1 wa/e _! m9ds & _! en]gies on mat]ial t is pure supposition1 9 no way susceptible ( pro(1 su* /udy consi/+ 9 go+ deep into /atem5ts & concepts :i* c>eful exam9ation w\ld e/abli% z n ev5 unlikely1 b r z unalloy$ sup]/ition1 & repres5t+ ! inve/igation ( useless conceits & ! *as+ ( absurdities4 ,!re c be no d\bt t to conc]n oneself ) su* illusions1 to exam9e into & l5g?ily debate su* idle propositions1 is no?+ b a wa/e ( "t & a m>r+ ( ! days ( "o's life4 ,n only ?is1 b x also prev5ts ! individual f und]tak+ ! /udy ( ^? arts & sci5ces ( :i* society /&s 9 dire ne$4 ,! individual %\ld1 prior to engag+ 9 ! /udy ( any subject1 ask himself :at its uses are & :at fruit & result w d]ive f x4 ,if x is a useful bran* ( k1 t is1 if society w ga9 important b5efits f x1 !n he %\ld c]ta9ly pursue x ) all 8 he>t4 ,if n1 if x consi/s 9 empty1 pr(itless debates & 9 a va9 concat5ation ( imag9+s t lead to no result except acrimony1 :y devote "o's life to su* useless hairsplitt+s & disputes4 ,because ?is matt] requires fur!r elucidation & a ?or\gh he>+1 s t x c be fully e/abli%$ t "s ( ! subjects :i* today are neglect$ are extremely valuable1 :ile ! nation has no ne$ :atev] ( v>i\s o!r1 sup]flu\s /udies1 ! po9t w1 ,god will+1 be develop$ 9 a second volume4 ,our hope is t a read+ ( ?is fir/ volume w produce fundam5tal *anges 9 ! ?9k+ & ! behavior ( society1 = ,we h und]tak5 ! "w ) a s9c]e int5t & purely = ! sake ( ,god4 ,al?\gh 9 ?is _w individuals :o are able to di/+ui% betwe5 s9c]e int5tions & false words are z r>e z ! philosoph]'s /one1 yet ,we fix ,our hopes on ! measureless b\nties ( ! ,"l4 ,to resume3 ,z = t gr\p :o ma9ta9s t 9 effect+ ^! necess>y re=ms we mu/ proce$ ) delib]ation1 ex]cise pati5ce & ga9 ! objectives "o at a "t1 j :at d !y mean by ?is8 ,if by delib]ation !y are ref]r+ to t circumspection :i* ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t requires1 _! ?\ght is timely & appropriate4 ,x is c]ta9 t mom5t\s und]tak+s _c be br\ght to a successful conclusion 9 ha/e2 t 9 su* cases ha/e w\ld only make wa/e4 ,! _w ( politics is l ! _w ( man2 he is se$ at fir/1 & !n passes by degrees to ! condition ( embryo & foetus1 acquir+ a bone /ructure1 be+ clo!d ) fle%1 tak+ on 8 own special =m1 until at la/ he rea*es ! plane :]e he c befitt+ly fulfill ! words3 8! mo/ excell5t ( ,mak]s407#ga7 ,j z ?is is a requirem5t ( creation & is bas$ on ! univ]sal ,wisdom1 ! political _w 9 ! same way _c in/antane\sly evolve f ! nadir ( defectiv5ess to ! z5i? ( rightness & p]fection4 ,r1 qualifi$ individuals mu/ /rive by day & by night1 us+ all ^? means :i* w conduce to progress1 until ! gov]nm5t & ! p develop along e l9e f day to day & ev5 f mom5t to mom5t4 ,:51 ?r\gh ! ,div9e be/[als1 ?ree ?+s appe> on e>?1 ?is _w ( du/ w come alive1 & /& =? wondr\sly adorn$ & full ( grace4 ,^! are fir/1 ! fruitful w9ds ( spr+2 second1 ! well+ pl5ty ( spr+ cl\ds2 & ?ird1 ! heat ( ! bright sun4 ,:51 out ( ! endless b\nty ( ,god1 ^! ?ree h be5 v\*saf$1 !n sl[ly1 by ,8 leave1 dry trees & bran*es turn fre% & gre5 aga91 & array !mselves ) _m k9ds ( blossoms & fruits4 ,x is ! same :5 ! pure int5tions & ! ju/ice ( ! rul]1 ! wisdom & consummate skill & /atecraft ( ! gov]n+ au?orities1 & ! det]m9ation & un/9t$ ef=ts ( ! p1 are all comb9$2 !n day by day ! effects ( ! advancem5t1 ( ! f>-rea*+ re=ms1 ( ! pride & prosp]ity ( gov]nm5t & p alike1 w become cle>ly manife/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 by delay & po/ponem5t !y mean ?is1 t 9 ea* g5]ation only "o m9ute section ( ! necess>y re=ms %\ld be att5d$ to1 ?is is no?+ b le?>gy & in]tia1 & no results w\ld be =?com+ f su* a proc$ure1 except ! endless repetition ( idle words4 ,if ha/e is h>mful1 in]tness & indol5ce are a ?\s& times worse4 ,a middle c\rse is be/1 z x is writt53 8,x is incumb5t ^u y to d good betwe5 ! two evils10 ?is ref]r+ to ! mean betwe5 ! two extremes4 8,& let n ?y h& be ti$ up to ?y neck2 nor yet op5 x ) all op5ness 444 b betwe5 ^! foll[ a middle way407#gb7 ,! prim>y1 ! mo/ urg5t requirem5t is ! promotion ( education4 ,x is inconceivable t any nation %\ld a*ieve prosp]ity & success unless ?is p>am\nt1 ?is fundam5tal conc]n is c>ri$ =w>d4 ,! pr9cipal reason = ! decl9e & fall ( peoples is ignorance4 ,today ! mass ( ! p are un9=m$ ev5 z to ord9>y affairs1 h[ mu* less d !y grasp ! core ( ! important problems & complex ne$s ( ! "t4 ,x is !re=e urg5t t b5eficial articles & books be writt51 cle>ly & def9itely e/abli%+ :at ! pres5t-day requirem5ts ( ! p are1 & :at w conduce to ! happ9ess & advancem5t ( society4 ,^! %\ld be publi%$ & spread ?r\gh\t ! nation1 s t at lea/ ! lead]s among ! p %\ld become1 to "s degree1 awak5$1 & arise to ex]t !mselves along ^? l9es :i* w lead to _! abid+ honor4 ,! publication ( high ?\ghts is ! dynamic p[] 9 ! art]ies ( life2 x is ! v s\l ( ! _w4 ,?\ghts are a b\ndless sea1 & ! effects & v>y+ conditions ( exi/5ce are z ! sep>ate =ms & individual limits ( ! waves2 n until ! sea boils up w ! waves rise & scatt] _! pe>ls ( k on ! %ore ( life4 ,?\1 ,bro!r1 art ?y ?\ght alone1 ,! re/ is only !w & bone47#gc7 ,public op9ion mu/ be direct$ t[>d :atev] is wor?y ( ?is day1 & ?is is impossible except ?r\gh ! use ( adequate argum5ts & ! adduc+ ( cle>1 compreh5sive & conclusive pro(s4 ,= ! helpless masses "k no?+ ( ! _w1 & :ile !re is no d\bt t !y seek & long = _! own happ9ess1 yet ignorance l a heavy veil %uts !m away f x4 ,obs]ve to :at a degree ! lack ( education w weak5 & degrade a p4 ,today #ahge f ! /&po9t ( population ! greate/ nation 9 ! _w is ,*9a1 :i* has some?+ ov] f\r hundr$ million inhabitants4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 its gov]nm5t %\ld be ! mo/ di/+ui%$ on e>?1 its p ! mo/ acclaim$4 ,& yet on ! contr>y1 because ( its lack ( education 9 cultural & mat]ial civilization1 x is ! feeble/ & ! mo/ helpless ( all weak nations4 ,n long ago1 a small cont+5t ( ,engli% & ,fr5* troops w5t to w> ) ,*9a & defeat$ t c\ntry s decisively t !y took ov] its capital ,pek+4 ,_h ! ,*9ese gov]nm5t & p be5 abrea/ ( ! advanc$ sci5ces ( ! day1 _h !y be5 skill$ 9 ! arts ( civilization1 !n if all ! nations on e>? _h m>*$ aga9/ !m ! attack w\ld /ill h fail$1 & ! attack]s w\ld h return$ defeat$ :5ce !y _h come4 ,/rang] ev5 ?an ?is episode is ! fact t ! gov]nm5t ( ,japan 0 9 ! beg9n+ subject to & "u ! protection ( ,*9a1 & t n[ = "s ye>s1 ,japan has op5$ its eyes & adopt$ ! te*niques ( contempor>y progress & civilization1 promot+ sci5ces & indu/ries ( use to ! public1 & /riv+ to ! utmo/ ( _! p[] & compet5ce until public op9ion 0 focus$ on re=m4 ,?is gov]nm5t has curr5tly advanc$ to su* a po9t t1 al?\gh its population is only "o-six?1 or ev5 "o-t5?1 t ( ,*9a1 x has rec5tly *all5g$ ! latt] gov]nm5t1 & ,*9a has f9ally be5 =c$ to come to t]ms4 ,obs]ve c>efully h[ education & ! arts ( civilization br+ honor1 prosp]ity1 indep5d5ce & fre$om to a gov]nm5t & its p4 ,x is1 fur!rmore1 a vital necessity to e/abli% s*ools ?r\gh\t ,p]sia1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ c\ntry t[ns & villages1 & to enc\rage ! p 9 e possible way to h _! *ildr5 le>n to read & write4 ,if necess>y1 education %\ld ev5 be made compulsory4 ,until ! n]ves & art]ies ( ! nation /ir into life1 e measure t is attempt$ w prove va92 = ! p are z ! human body1 & det]m9ation & ! w to /ruggle are z ! s\l1 & a s\lless body does n move4 ,?is dynamic p[] is pres5t to a sup]lative degree 9 ! v nature ( ! ,p]sian p1 & ! spread ( education w release x4 ,z to t elem5t :o believe t x is nei!r necess>y nor appropriate to borr[ ! pr9ciples ( civilization1 ! fundam5tals ( progress t[>d high levels ( social happ9ess 9 ! mat]ial _w1 ! laws :i* effect ?or\gh re=ms1 ! me?ods :i* ext5d ! scope ( culture--& t x is f> m suitable t ,p]sia & ! ,p]sians reflect ov] ! situation & !n create _! own te*niques ( progress4 ,x is c]ta9 t if ! vigor\s intellig5ce & sup]ior skill ( ! nation's great1 & ! en]gy & resolve ( ! mo/ em95t m5 at ! imp]ial c\rt1 & ! det]m9$ ef=ts ( ^? :o h k & capacity1 & are well v]s$ 9 ! great laws ( political life1 %\ld all be comb9$1 & all %\ld ex]t e ef=t & exam9e & reflect ov] e detail z well z on ! ma9 curr5ts ( affairs1 !re is e likelihood t because ( ! effective plans !y w\ld evolve1 "s situations w\ld be ?or\ghly re=m$4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 h[ev]1 !y w\ld /ill be oblig$ to borr[2 because1 ?r\gh\t ! _m-c5turi$ pa/1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p]sons h devot$ _! entire lives to putt+ ^! ?+s to ! te/ until !y 7 able to br+ ab\t ^! sub/antial developm5ts4 ,if all t is to be ignor$ & an ef=t is made to re-create ^? ag5cies 9 our own c\ntry & 9 our own way1 & ?us effect ! hop$-= advancem5t1 _m g5]ations w\ld pass by & /ill ! goal w\ld n be rea*$4 ,obs]ve = in/ance t 9 o!r c\ntries !y p]sev]$ ov] a long p]iod until f9ally !y discov]$ ! p[] ( /eam & by means ( x 7 enabl$ easily to p]=m ! heavy tasks :i* 7 once beyond human /r5g?4 ,h[ _m c5turies x w\ld take if we 7 to ab&on ! use ( ?is p[] & in/ead /ra9 e n]ve to inv5t a sub/itute4 ,x is !re=e pref]able to keep on ) ! use ( /eam & at ! same "t cont9u\sly to exam9e into ! possibility ( !re be+ a f> great] =ce available4 ,"o %\ld reg>d ! o!r te*nological advances1 sci5ces1 arts & political =mulae ( prov5 usefulness 9 ! same light--i4e41 ^? proc$ures :i*1 d[n ! ages1 h "t & aga9 be5 put to ! te/ & ^: _m uses & advantages h demon/rably result$ 9 ! glory & greatness ( ! /ate1 & ! well-be+ & progress ( ! p4 ,%\ld all ^! be ab&on$1 = no valid reason1 & o!r me?ods ( re=m be attempt$1 by ! "t su* re=ms might ev5tuate1 & _! advantages might be put to pro(1 _m ye>s w\ld g by1 & _m lives4 ,mean:ile1 8we are /ill at ! fir/ b5d 9 ! road407#gd7 ,! sup]iority ( ! pres5t 9 relation to ! pa/ consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! pres5t c take ov] & adopt z a model _m ?+s :i* h be5 tri$ & te/$ & ! great b5efits ( :i* h be5 demon/rat$ 9 ! pa/1 & t x c make its own new discov]ies & by ^! augm5t its valuable inh]itance4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ! accompli%m5t & exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ are kn[n & available to ! pres5t1 :ile ! discov]ies peculi> to ! pres5t 7 unkn[n to ! pa/4 ,?is presupposes t ! lat] g5]ation is made up ( p]sons ( ability2 o!rwise1 h[ _m a lat] g5]ation has lack$ ev5 s mu* z a drop out ( ! b\ndless ocean ( k t 0 its =be>s'4 ,reflect a little3 let u suppose t1 ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,god1 c]ta9 individuals are plac$ on e>?2 ^! obvi\sly /& 9 ne$ ( _m ?+s1 to provide = _! human dignity1 _! happ9ess & ease4 ,n[ is x m practicable = !m to acquire ^! ?+s f _! contempor>ies1 or %\ld !y1 9 ea* successive g5]ation1 borr[ no?+1 b in/ead indep5d5tly create "o or ano!r ( ! in/rum5talities :i* are necess>y to human exi/5ce8 ,%\ld "s ma9ta9 t ^? laws1 pr9ciples & fundam5tals ( progress on ! highe/ levels ( a fully develop$ society1 :i* are curr5t 9 o!r c\ntries1 are n suit$ to ! condition & ! traditional ne$s ( ,p]sia's p1 & t on ?is acc\nt x is necess>y t )9 rn1 ! nations' plann]s %\ld ex]t _! utmo/ ef=ts to br+ ab\t re=ms appropriate to ,p]sia--let !m fir/ expla9 :at h>m c\ld come f su* =eign importations4 ,if ! c\ntry 7 built up1 ! roads repair$1 ! lot ( ! helpless improv$ by v>i\s means1 ! poor rehabilitat$1 ! masses set on ! pa? to progress1 ! av5ues ( public weal? increas$1 ! scope ( education wid5$1 ! gov]nm5t prop]ly organiz$1 & ! free ex]cise ( ! individual's rights1 & ! security ( 8 p]son & prop]ty1 8 dignity & good "n1 assur$--w\ld all ?is be at odds ) ! "* ( ! ,p]sian p8 ,:atev] is 9 conflict ) ^! measures has already be5 prov$ injuri\s1 9 e c\ntry1 & does n conc]n "o locality m ?an ano!r4 ,^! sup]/itions result 9 _! entirety f lack ( wisdom & und]/&+1 & insuffici5t obs]vation & analysis4 ,inde$1 ! majority ( ! reaction>ies & ! procra/9ators are only conceal+ _! own selfi% int]e/s "u a b>rage ( idle words1 & confus+ ! m9ds ( ! helpless masses ) public /atem5ts :i* be> no relation to _! well-conceal$ objectives4 ,o p ( ,p]sia6 ,! he>t is a div9e tru/2 cleanse x f ! /a9 ( self-love1 adorn x ) ! coronal ( pure int5t1 until ! sacr$ honor1 ! abid+ greatness ( ?is illu/ri\s nation may %9e out l ! true morn+ 9 an auspici\s heav54 ,?is h&ful ( days on e>? w slip away l %ad[s & be ov]4 ,/rive !n t ,god may %$ ,8 grace ^u y1 t y may leave a favorable remembrance 9 ! he>ts & on ! lips ( ^? to come4 8,& grant t ,i be spok5 ( ) honor by po/]ity407#ge7 ,happy ! s\l t %all =get 8 own good1 & l ! *os5 ones ( ,god1 vie ) 8 fell[s 9 s]vice to ! good ( all2 until1 /r5g!n$ by ! bless+s & p]petual confirmations ( ,god1 he %all be emp[]$ to raise ?is mighty nation up to its anci5t p9nacles ( glory1 & re/ore ?is )]$ l& to sweet new life1 & z a spiritual spr+time1 array ^? trees :i* are ! lives ( m5 ) ! fre% leaves1 ! blossoms & fruits ( consecrat$ joy4 ,,footnotes #a ,qur'n #ci3fi4 #b ,qur'n #ee3a-c4 #c ,qur'n #ci3ab4 #d ,qur'n #da3ec4 #e ,qur'n #g3agh2 #h3bb4 #f ,! orig9al ,p]sian text writt5 9 #ahge c>ri$ no au?or's "n1 & ! fir/ ,engli% translation publi%$ 9 #aiaj "u ! title ,! ,my/]i\s ,=ces ( ,civilization /ates only 8,writt5 9 ,p]sian by an ,em95t ,bahai ,philosoph]40 #g ,qur'n #gf3i4 #h #b ,*ronicles #cf3bb-bc2 ,ezra #a3b2 ,e/h] #a3a2 #h3i2 ,isaiah #de3a1 #ad2 #di3ab4 #i ,qur'n #f3ij2 #aa3ca4 #aj ,qur'n #ad3bc2 #ce3ah4 #aa ,qur'n #ie3d4 #ab ,! ,imm #8,al4 #ac ,qur'n #e3he4 #ad ,qur'n #bi3b4 #ae ,jhilyyih3 ! p]iod ( paganism 9 ,arabia1 prior to ! adv5t ( ,muammad4 #af ,! pagan ,arabs obs]v$ "o sep>ate & ?ree consecutive mon?s ( truce1 dur+ :i* p]iod pilgrimages 7 made to ,mecca1 & fairs1 poetry conte/s & simil> ev5ts took place4 #ag ,qur'n #af3abd4 #ah ,qur'n #d3de2 #e3af4 #ai ,cf4 ,bah'u'llh1 ,! ,kitb-i-qn1 p4 #hf4 #bj 8,if by ! ^w algebra we mean t bran* ( ma!matics by :i* we le>n h[ to solve ! equation x#bex#ad1 writt5 9 ?is way1 ! sci5ce beg9s 9 ! #ag? c5tury4 ,if we all[ ! equation to be writt5 ) o!r & less conv5i5t symbols1 x may be consid]$ z beg9n+ at lea/ z e>ly z ! #crd c5tury4 ,if we p]mit x to be /at$ 9 words & solv$1 = simple cases ( positive roots1 by ! aid ( geometric figures1 ! sci5ce 0 kn[n to ,euclid & o!rs ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool z e>ly z #cjj ,b4,c4 ,if we p]mit ( m or less sci5tific guess+ 9 a*iev+ a solution1 algebra may be said to h be5 kn[n ne>ly #bjjj ye>s ,b4,c41 & x _h probably attract$ ! att5tion ( ! intellectual class mu* e>li]444 ,! "n #8algebra' is q =tuit\s4 ,:5 ,mohamm$ ibn ,ms al-,khow>izm 444 wrote 9 ,baghdad 7c4 #hbe7 he gave to "o ( 8 works ! "n ,al-jebr w'al-muqbalah4 ,! title is sometimes translat$ z #8re/oration & equation1' b ! mean+ 0 n cle> ev5 to ! lat] ,arab writ]s40 ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 #aieb1 s4v4 ,algebra4 #ba ,qur'n #ci3ab2 #ac3ag4 #bb ,rm1 ,! ,ma?nav1 ,i1 #aijf-aijg4 #bc #8,ulam1 f ! ,arabic alima1 to "k1 may be translat$ le>n$ m51 sci5ti/s1 religi\s au?orities4 #bd ,! ,re% ,galuta1 a pr9ce or rul] ( ! exiles 9 ,babylon1 to :om ,jews1 :]ev] !y 71 paid tribute4 #be ,a measure ( weight1 9 ihrn equival5t to six & two-?irds p\nds4 #bf ,qur'n #i3cc2 #dh3bh2 #fa3i4 #bg ,qur'n #ed3ee4 #bh ,qur'n #g3aga3 ,yawm-i-,ala/1 ! ,day :5 ,god1 address+ ,adam's po/]ity-to-be1 said to !m1 8,am ,i n y\r ,"l80 7a-la/u bi ,rabbikum7 & !y repli$3 8,yea1 we be> witness40 #bi ,qur'n #i3cc4 #cj ,cf4 ,qur'n #bg3ab1 ref]r+ to ,moses3 8,put n[ ?y h& into ?y bosom3 x %all come =? :ite 444 "o ( n9e signs to ,ph>aoh & 8 p44440 ,also ,qur'n #g3aje2 #bj3bc2 #bf3cb2 #cb4 ,also ,exodus #d3f4 ,see too ,edw>d ,fitzg]ald's ,! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam3 ,n[ ! ,new ,ye> reviv+ old ,desires1 ,! ?\ghtful ,s\l to ,solitude retires1 ,:]e ! ,:ite ,h& ( ,moses on ! ,b\gh ,puts out1 & ,jesus f ! ,gr\nd suspires4 ,! metaphors "h ref] to :ite blossoms & ! p]fumes ( spr+4 #ca ,qur'n #af3abf4 #cb ,qur'n #bd3ce4 #cc ,dhu'l-,awtd is v>i\sly r5d]$ by translators ( ! ,qur'n z ,! ,impal]1 ,! ,contriv] ( ! ,/akes1 ,! ,"l ( a ,/rong ,dom9ion1 ,! ,"o ,surr\nd$ by ,m9i/]s1 etc4 ,awtd means pegs or t5t /akes4 ,see ,qur'n #ch3aa & #hi3i4 #cd ,qur'n #bj3df4 #ce ,qur'n #cc3fc3 8,m5 w ask ,!e ( #8! ,h\r4' ,say3 ,! k ( x is ) ,god alone40 ,cf4 also #bb3a1 8! e>?quake ( ! ,h\r10 etc4 ,see also ,mat!w #bd3cf1 #db1 etc4 ,to ,bah's1 ?is ref]s to ! ,adv5t ( ! ,bb & ,bah'u'llh4 #cf ,cf4 ! ,islamic confession ( fai?1 sometimes call$ ! two te/imonies3 8,i te/ify t !re is no ,god b ,god & ,muammad is ! ,prophet ( ,god40 #cg ,cf4 ,qur'n #bg3bj ff4 #ch ,qur'n #ab3dd2 #ba3e4 #ci ,qur'n #bd3ci4 #dj #ahge ,a4,d4 #da ,! =ego+ p>agraph1 toge!r ) ! lat] p>agraph beg9n+ 8,a few1 unaw>e ( ! p[] lat5t 9 human endeavor10 0 translat$ by ,%oghi ,eff5di1 ,gu>dian ( ! ,bah' ,fai?4 ,cf4 ,! ,_w ,ord] ( ,bah'u'llh1 pp4 #cg-ch4 #db ,ssnyn k+ :o reign$ #eca-egh ,a4,d4 #dc i4e41 ! :ole _w4 #dd ,sa'd1 ,! ,guli/n1 ,on ! ,conduct ( ,k+s4 #de ,qur'n #ag3hd4 #df ,! poet ,san'4 #dg ,rm1 ,! ,ma?nav1 ,,iii1 #dbbi-dbca4 #dh ,qur'n #b3bd4 #di ,qur'n #h3fd4 #ej ,see ,rm1 ,! ,ma?nav1 ,,ii1 #ahe & #ahi4 ,also ! ,_h?3 8,god creat$ ! creatures 9 d>kness1 !n ,he spr9kl$ "s ( ,8 ,light ^u !m4 ,^? :om "s ( t ,light rea*$ took ! "r way1 :ile ^? :om x miss$ w&]$ f ! /raight road40 ,cf4 ,r4 ,a4 ,ni*olson's 8,! ,ma?naw ( ,jallu'ddn ,rm0 9 ! ,e4 ,j4 ,w4 ,gibb ,memorial ,s]ies4 #ea ,qur'n #bd3ce4 #eb ,qur'n #b3eh4 #ec ,qur'n #ag3d ff4 #ed ,! ,k+ ,james ,bible reads3 8,ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r1 & hate ?9e enemy40 ,s*ol>s object to ?is read+ because x is contr>y to ! kn[n ,law z set =? 9 ,leviticus #ai3ah1 ,exodus #bc3d-e1 ,prov]bs #be3ba1 ! ,talmud1 etc4 #ee ,cf4 #8,abdu'l-,bah1 ,"s ,answ]$ ,que/ions1 *4 ,,lxxxiv1 & ,promulgation ( ,univ]sal ,peace1 p4 #che4 ,see also ,gal5 on ,jews & ,*ri/ians by ,ri*>d ,walz]1 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aidi1 p4 #ae4 ,! au?or /ates t ,gal5's summ>y "h ref]r$ to is lo/1 be+ pres]v$ only 9 ,arabic quotations4 #ef ,f ,qur'n #d3aad2 #b3bjg1 etc #eg ,qur'n #ci3fi4 #eh ,! ,p]sian text translit]ates ?is au?or's "n z 8,draybr0 & titles 8 "w ,! ,progress ( ,peoples4 ,! ref]5ce is app>5tly to ,john ,william ,drap]1 #ahaa-ahhb1 celebrat$ *emi/ & widely-translat$ hi/orian4 ,detail$ mat]ial on ,muslim contributions to ! ,we/1 & on ,g]b]t 7,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii7 appe>s 9 ! second volume ( ! "w cit$4 ,( "s ( ,europe's sy/ematically unackn[l$g$ obligations to ,islm ! au?or writes3 8,inju/ice f\nd$ on religi\s ranc\r & national conceit _c be p]petuat$ = ev]40 7,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #db1 ,rev4 ed47 ,! ,diction>y ( ,am]ican ,biography /ates t ,drap]'s fa!r 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic :o assum$ ! "n ,john ,*ri/oph] ,drap] :5 dis[n$ by 8 family = becom+ a ,me?odi/1 & t 8 real "n is unkn[n4 ,! translator is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,paul ,nor? ,rice1 ,*ief ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y's ,ref]5ce ,dep>tm5t1 = ! in=mation t available data on ,drap]'s family hi/ory & nationality are 9 conflict2 ,! ,drap]s 9 ,am]ica by ,?omas ,waln-,morgan 7#ahib7 /ates t ,drap]'s fa!r 0 born 9 ,london1 :ile ,alb]t ,e4 ,h5s*el 9 8,c5t5>y ( ,john ,william ,drap]0 7,new ,york ,univ]sity 8,colonnade10 ,june1 #aiaa7 has ! foll[+3 8,if !re be among u any :o trace _! l9eage to ! sunny fields ( ,italy1 !y may feel a j pride 9 ,john ,william ,drap]1 = 8 fa!r1 ,john ,c4 ,drap]1 0 an ,italian by bir?4440 ,! translator's ?anks are also due to ,madame ,laura ,dreyfus-,b>ney = inve/igations 9 connection ) ?is passage at ! ,libr>y ( ,congress & ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 #ei ,qur'n #c3aaj4 #fj ,qur'n #c3ajj4 #fa ,qur'n #af3ib4 #fb ,qur'n #g3aih4 #fc ,qur'n #c3abh4 #fd ,qur'n #b3agb4 #fe ,qur'n #ei3i4 #ff ,qur'n #b3bjc4 #fg ,qur'n #db3cf4 #fh ,qur'n #c3aec4 #fi ,qur'n #ag3ad4 #gj ,qur'n #ei3i4 #ga ,qur'n #bc3ad3 8,bless$ !re=e be ,god1 ! mo/ excell5t ( ,mak]s40 #gb ,qur'n #ag3ca2 #aaj4 #gc ,rm1 ,! ,ma?nav1 ,,ii #b3bgg4 ,! next l9e is3 ,a g>d5 close1 if t ?\ght be a rose1 ,b if x be a ?orn1 !n only fit to burn4 #gd ,f ! l9es3 8,attr has pass$ ?r\gh ! sev5 cities ( love1 & we are /ill at ! fir/ b5d 9 ! road40 #ge ,qur'n #bf3hd4