,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,spell+ & punctuation are z 9 ! orig9al1 includ+ ! consi/5tly 8mod]n0 use ( ,v & ,u4 ,italic capital ,v has two =ms1 us$ int]*angeably4 ,s9ce italic capital ,u does n occur1 ! r\nd$ ,v-=m has be5 transcrib$ z ,u4 ,lat9 quotations 7 giv5 9 italics2 ! translation 0 usually pr9t$ ) m>g9al quotation m>ks4 ,9 ?is e-text1 ,lat9 passages are %[n z block quotes 7ind5t$7 )\t quotation m>ks1 :ile passages ) m>g9al quotes are %[n z block quotes ) quotation m>ks4 ,! six ,sid5otes %[n ) an a/]isk alongside _! numb] 7 pr9t$ ) an a/]isk 9 ! orig9al text2 all o!r notes 7 unm>k$4 ,ref]5ces f ! ,sid5otes are id5tifi$ at ! end ( ! text1 foll[$ by a complete li/ ( errata4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,sun ) six orbits1 ea* ) symbol3 ,m]curius1 ,v5us1 ,c]es et ,pros]p9a1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturnus ,sun utt]s3 ,ame omnes 8,c]es & ,pros]p9a0 orbit cont9u+ bel[ sun %[s e>? ) orbit+ moon4 ,text on e>? orbit3 ,sua fov5t2 ,vniu]s ornant4 ,text on moon's orbit3 ,mutuo se illum9ant ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,a ,,_w ,,9 ,,! ,,moone4 or1 ,a ,,discovrse ,t5d+ ,,to ,,prove t 'tis probable !re may be ano!r habitable ,_w 9 t ,planet4 ,quid tibi inquis i/a prod]unt8 ,si nihil aliud1 hoc c]t1 sciam omnia angu/a esse4 ,,s5eca4 ,prf4 ad #a4 ,lib4 ,n4 ,q4 ,decoration ,,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,e4 ,g4 = ,mi*ael ,sp>l & ,edw>d ,=re/1 #afch4 ,decoration ,p]legi hc novitatis graci typis m&>i p]mitto4 ,m>t4 #bi4 #afch4 ,,?o4 ,,weekes ,r4,p4 ,episc4 ,lond4 ,cap4 ,dome/4 ,decoration ,to ! ,read]4 ,if among/ ?y leisure h\res ?\ can/ sp>e any = ! p]usall ( ?is disc\rse1 & do/ looke to f9de some:at 9 x :i* may s]ve = ?y in=mation & b5efit3 let me !n advise !e to come unto x ) an equall m9de1 n sway$ by prejudice1 b indiff]5tly resolv$ to ass5t unto t tru? :i* ^u delib]ation %all seeme mo/ probable unto ?y reason1 & !n ,i d\bt n1 b ei!r ?\ wilt agree ) mee 9 ?is ass]tion1 or at lea/ n ?9ke x to be z f>re f tru?1 z x is f common op9ion4 ,two cautions !re are :i* ,i w\ld will+ly admoni% !e ( 9 ! beg9n+4 #a4 ,t ?\ %\ld/ n "h looke to f9d any exact1 accurate ,treatise1 s9ce ?is disc\rse 0 b ! fruit ( "s light] /udies1 & ^? too hudl$ up 9 a %ort "t1 be+ fir/ ?\ght ( & f9i%$ 9 ! space ( "s few weekes1 & !re=e y _c 9 reason expect1 t x %\ld be s poli%$1 z p]haps1 ! subject w\ld require1 or ! leisure ( ! ,au?or might h done x4 #b4 ,to rememb] t ,i promise onely probable argum5ts = ! pro(e ( ?is op9ion1 & !re=e y mu/ n looke t e consequ5ce %\ld be ( an und5iable dep5dance1 or t ! tru? ( ea* argum5t %\ld be measur$ by its necessity4 ,i grant t "s ,a/ronomicall appe>ances may possibly be solv$ o!rwise !n "h !y are4 ,b ! ?+ ,i aime at is ?is1 t probably !y may s be solv$1 z ,i h "h set !m d[ne3 ,:i*1 if x be grant$ 7z ,i ?9ke x mu/7 !n ,i d\bt n1 b ! indiff]5t read] w f9d "s satisfaction 9 ! ma9e ?+ t is to be prov$4 ,_m anci5t ,philosoph]s ( ! bett] note1 h =m]ly def5d$ ?is ass]tion1 :i* ,i h "h laid d[ne1 & x 7 to be wi%$1 t "s ( u w\ld m apply our endeav\rs unto ! exam9ation ( ^! old op9ions1 :i* ?\gh !y h = a long "t li5 neglect$ by o!rs1 yet 9 !m may y f9de _m tru?s well wor?y y\r pa9es & obs]vation4 ,tis a false conceit1 = u to ?9ke1 t among/ ! anci5t v>iety & se>* ( op9ions1 ! be/ ha? /ill prevail$4 ,"t 7sai? ! le>n$ ,v]ulam7 seemes to be ( ! nature ( a riv] or /reame1 :i* c>rie? d[ne to u t :i* is light1 or bl[ne up1 b s9ke? t :i* is weighty & solid4 ,x is my desire t by ! occasion ( ?is disc\rse1 ,i may raise up "s m active _s to a se>* aft] o!r hidd5 & unkn[ne tru!s4 ,s9ce x mu/ ne$es be a great imp$im5t unto ! gr[? ( sci5ces1 = m5 /ill s to plod on ^u beat5 pr9ciples1 z to be afraid ( ent]ta9+ any ?+ t may seeme to contradict !m4 ,an unwill+nesse to take su* ?+s into exam9ation1 is "o ( ^? err\rs ( le>n+ 9 ^! times obs]v$ by ! judici\s ,v]ulam4 ,que/ionlesse !re are _m secret tru?s1 :i* ! anci5ts h pass$ ov]1 t are yet left to make "s ( our age fam\s = _! discov]y4 ,if by ?is occasion ,i may provoke any read] to an attempt ( ?is nature1 ,i %all !n ?9ke my selfe happy1 & ?is "w successefull4 ,f>ewell4 ,decoration ,! ,fir/ ,proposition1 by way ( ,preface4 ,t ! /rang5esse ( ?is op9ion is no suffici5t reason :y x %\ld be reject$1 because o!r c]ta9e tru?s h be5e =m]ly e/eem$ ridicul\s1 & great absurdities ent]tayn$ by common cons5t4 ,!re is an e>ne/nesse & hung]+ aft] novelty1 :i* do? /ill adh]e unto all our natures1 & x is "p ( t primative image1 t wide ext5t & inf9ite capacity at fir/ creat$ 9 ! he>t ( man1 = ?is s9ce its depravation 9 ,adam p]ceiv+ x selfe altoge!r empti$ ( any good do? n[ cat* aft] e new ?+1 conceiv+ t possibly x may f9de satisfaction among "s ( its fell[ creatures4 ,b our enemy ! divell 7:o /rives /ill to p]v]t our gifts1 & beate u ) our owne weapons7 ha? s contriv'd x1 t any tru? do? n[ seeme di/a/efull = t v reason1 = :i* err\r is ent]ta9'd--,novelty1 = let b "s up/>t h]esie be set abroa*1 & pres5tly !re are "s out ( a curi\s hum\r2 o!rs1 z if !y wat*$ an occasion ( s+ul>ity1 w take x up = canonicall1 & make x "p ( _! cre$e & pr(ession2 :]eas solit>y tru? _c any :]e f9de s ready ent]ta9em5t2 b ! same ,novelty :i* is e/eem$ ! comm5dation ( err\r & makes t acceptable1 is c\nt$ ! fault ( tru?1 & causes t to bee reject$4 ,h[ did ! incr$ul\s ,_w gaze at ,columbus :5 hee promis$ to discov] ano!r "p ( ! e>?1 & he c\ld n = a long "t by 8 confid5ce1 or argum5ts1 induce any ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ces1 ei!r to ass5t unto 8 op9ion1 or goe to ! *>ges ( an exp]im5t4 ,n[ if he :o _h su* good gr\nds = 8 ass]tion1 c\ld f9de no bett] ent]ta9em5t among ! wis] sort1 & upp] end ( ! ,_w2 'tis n likely !n t ?is op9ion :i* ,i n[ deliv]1 %all receive any ?+ f ! m5 ( ^! daies1 especially our vulg> wits1 b misbeliefe or d]ision4 ,x ha? alwaies be5e ! unhapp9esse ( new tru?s 9 ,philosophy1 to be d]id$ by ^? t are ignorant ( ! causes ( ?+s1 & reiect$ by o!rs ^: p]v]s5esse ties !m to ! contr>y op9ion1 m5 ^: envi\s pride w n all[ any new ?+ = tru? :i* !y !mselves 7 n ! fir/ inv5tors (4 ,s t ,i may iu/ly expect to be accus$ ( a pragmaticall ignorance1 & bold o/5tation1 especially s9ce = ?is op9ion ,x5ophanes1 a man ^: au?ority 0 able to adde "s cr$it to 8 ass]tion c\ld n escape ! l c5sure f o!rs4 ,= ,natales ,comes speak+ ( t ,philosoph]1#a & ?is 8 op9ion1 sai? ?us1 ,nonnulli ne nihil scisse videantur1 aliqua nova mon/ra 9 ,philosophi introducunt1 ut alicujus rei inv5tores fuisse app>eant4 8,"s !re are :o lea/ !y might seeme to "k no?+1 w br+ up mon/r\s absurdities 9 ,philosophy1 t s aft]w>d !y may bee fam$ = ! inv5tion ( some:at40 ,! same au?or do? also 9 ano!r place accuse ,anaxagoras#b ( folly = ! same op9ion1 ,e/ enim non ignobilis gradus /ultiti1 vel si nescias quid dicas1 tam5 velle de rebus propositis hanc vel illam p>tem /abilire4 8',tis none ( ! wor/ k9des ( folly1 boldly to affirme "o side or o!r1 :5 a man kn[s n :at to say40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,my?olog4 lib4 #c4 c4 #ag4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,lib4 #g4 c4 #a4 ,if ^! m5 7 ?us c5sur'd1 ,i may iu/ly !n expect to be d]id$ by mo/1 & to be believ$ by few or none2 especially s9ce ?is op9ion seemes to c>ry 9 x s mu* /rang5esse1 s mu* contradiction to ! g5]all cons5t ( o!rs4 ,b h[ ev]1 ,i am resolv$ t ?is %all n be any disc\ragem5t1 s9ce ,i "k t x is n ! common op9ion ( o!rs t c ei!r adde or detract f ! tru?4 ,=1 #a4 ,o!r tru?s h be5e =m]ly e/eem$ altoge!r z ridicul\s z ?is c be4 #b4 ,grosse absurdities h be5e ent]ta9$ by g5]all op9ion4 ,i %all give an in/ance ( ea*1 t s ,i may ! bett] prep>e ! ,read] to consid] ?+s )\t a prejudice1 :5 hee %all see t ! common opposition aga9/ ?is :i* ,i affirme _c any way d]ogate f its tru?4 #a4 ,o!r tru?s h be5e =m]ly acc\nt$ z ridicul\s z ?is1 ,i %all specifie t ( ! ,antipodes1 :i* h be5e d5i$ & laught at by _m wise m5 & great ,s*oll]s1 su* z 7 ,h]odotus1 ,/4 ,au/91 ,lactantius1 ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 ,lucretius ! ,poet1 ,procopius1 & ! volum9\s ,abul5sis ) o!rs4 ,h]odotus c\nt$ x s horrible an absurdity1 t hee c\ld n =be>e laugh+ to ?9ke ( x4 1 1 4 ,greek3 ,gel de horn gs p]iod\s grapsantas1 poll\s d kai oud5a noon e*ontas exgsam5on hoi keanon te rheonta graph\si1 p]ix tn te gn e\san kuklot]ea hs apo torn\4 8,i _c *oose b laugh1 7sai? he7 to see s _m m5 v5ture to describe ! e>?s compasse1 relat+ ^? ?+s t are )\t all s5se1 z t ! ,sea fl[es ab\t ! ,_w1 & t ! e>? x selfe is r\nd z an ,orbe40 ,b ?is great ignorance is n s mu* to be admir$ 9 him1 z 9 ^? le>n$] m5 ( lat] times1 :5 all sci5ces began to fl\ri% 9 ! ,_w4 ,su* 0 ,sa9t ,au/9 :o c5sures t relation ( ! ,antipodes to be an incr$ible fable1#a & ) him agrees ! eloqu5t ,lactantius1#b quid illi qui esse contr>ios ve/igiis no/ris ,antipodes putant8 num aliquid loquuntur8 aut e/ quispiam tam ineptus1 qui cr$at esse hom9es1 quorum ve/igia sunt sup]iora qum capita8 aut ibi qu apud nos jac5t inv]sa p5d]e8 fruges arbores deorsum v]sus cresc]e1 pluvias nives1 gr&9em sursum v]sus cad]e 9 t]ram8 miratur aliquis hortor p5siles int] septem mira n>r>i1 quum ,philosophi1 agros m>ia1 urbes montes p5siles faciunt8 c4 8,:at 7sai? he7 are !y t ?9ke !re are ,antipodes1 su* z walke ) _! feet aga9/ ours8 doe !y speake any likelyhood8 or is !re any "o s fooli% z to believe t !re are m5 ^: heeles are high] ?an _! heads8 t ?+s :i* ) u doe lie on ! gr\nd doe hang !re8 t ! ,plants & ,trees gr[ d[new>ds1 t ! haile1 & ra9e1 & sn[ fall upw>ds to ! e>?8 & doe wee admire ! hang+ ,or*>ds among/ ! sev5 wond]s1 :]eas "h ! ,philosoph]s h made ! ,field & ,seas1 ! ,cities & ,m\nta9es hang+40 ,:at %all wee ?9ke 7sai? hee 9 ,plut>*7 t m5 doe clyng to t place l wormes1 or hang by _! clawes z ,cats1 or if wee suppose a man a little beyond ! ,c5t]1 to bee digg+ ) a spade8 is x likely 7z x mu/ bee accord+ to ?is op9ion7 t ! e>? :i* hee loos5$1 %\ld ( x selfe asc5d upw>ds8 or else suppose two m5 ) _! middles ab\t ! c5t]1 ! feete ( ! "o be+ plac$ :]e ! head ( ! o!r is1 & s two o!r m5 crosse !m1 yet all ^! m5 ?us situat$ accord+ to ?is op9ion %\ld /& upright1 & _m o!r su* grosse consequ5ces w\ld foll[ 7sai? hee7 :i* a false imag9ation is n able to fancy z possible4 ,^u :i* consid]ations1 ,b$e#c also d5ies ! be+ ( any ,antipodes1 ,neque enim ,antipod>um ullat5us e/ ,fabulis accommod&us ass5sus1 8,nor %\ld wee any long] ass5t to ! ,fable ( ,antipodes40 ,s also ,lucretius ! ,poet speak+ ( ! same subject1 sayes3 ,s$ vanus /olidis hc omnia f9x]it error4#d ,sid5ote #a3 ,de civit4 ,dei4 lib4 #af4 cap4 #i4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,in/itut4 l4 #c4 c4 #bd4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,de ratione temporum1 ,cap4 #cb4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,de nat4 r]um1 lib4 #a4 ,t "s idle fancy faign$ ^! = fooles to believe4 ,( ?is op9ion 0 ,procopius ,gazu1#a b he 0 p]swad$ to x by ano!r k9de ( reason2 = he ?\ght t all ! e>? "u u 0 sunke 9 ! wat]1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ! ,psalmi/1#b ,hee ha? f\nd$ ! ,e>? ^u ! ,seas1 & !re=e hee acc\nt$ x n inhabit$ by any4 ,nay ,to/atus a man ( lat] ye]es & g5]all le>n+ do? also confid5tly d5y t !re are any su* ,antipodes1 ?\gh ! reason :i* hee urges = x bee n s absurde z ! =m]1 = ! ,apo/les1 sai? hee1#c travell$ ?r\gh ! :ole habitable _w1 b !y nev] pass$ ! ,equ9octiall2 & if y answ] t !y are said to goe ?r\gh all ! e>?1 because !y w5t ?r\gh all ! kn[ne _w1 hee replies1 t ?is is n suffici5t1 s9ce ,*ri/ w\ld h all m5 to be sav$1 & come to ! k ( 8 tru?1#d & !re=e 'tis requisite t !y %\ld h travell$ ?i!r also1 if !re _h be5 any inhabitants1 especially s9ce he did expressely comm& !m to goe & tea* all nations1 & prea* ! ,gospell ?r\gh ! :ole _w1#e & !re=e he ?9kes t z !re are no m51 s nei!r are !re seas1 or riv]s1 or any o!r conv5i5cy = habitation3 'tis commonly relat$ ( "o ,virgilius1 t he 0 excommunicat$ & condemn$ = a ,h]etique by ,za*>y ,bi%op ( ,rome1 because hee 0 n ( ! same op9ion4 ,b ,b>onius saies1#f x 0 because hee ?\ght !re 0 ano!r habitable _w )9 ours4 ,h[ ev]1 y may well en\gh disc]ne 9 ^! examples h[ confid5t _m ( ^! great ,s*oll>s 7 9 s grosse an err\r1 h[ unlikely1 :at an incr$ible ?+ x seem$ to !m1 t !re %\ld be any ,antipodes1 & yet n[ ?is tru? is z c]ta9e & pla9e1 z s5se or demon/ration c make x4 ,?is !n :i* ,i n[ deliv] is n to be reject$2 ?\gh x may seeme to contradict ! common op9ion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,comm5t4 9 #a4 ,cap4 ,g54 ,sid5ote #b3 ,psal4 #bd4 #b4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,comm5t4 9 #a4 ,g5es4 ,sid5ote #d3 #a ,tim4 #b4 #d4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,mat4 #bh4 #ai ,sid5ote #f3 ,annal4 ,eccles4 ,a4,d4 #gdh4 #b4 ,grosse absurdities h be5e ent]ta9$ by g5]all cons5t4 ,i might in/ance 9 _m rem>keable examples1 b ,i w onely speake ( ! suppos$ lab\r ( ! ,moone 9 h] eclipses1 because ?is is ne]e/ to ! *iefe matt] 9 h&1 & 0 receiv$ z a common op9ion among/ _m ( ! anci5ts1 & !re=e ,plut>* speak+ ( a ,lun>y eclipse1 relates1 t at su* times 'twas a cu/ome among/ ! ,romanes 7! mo/ civill & le>n$ p 9 ! _w7 to s\nd brasse ,in/rum5ts1 & hold great tor*es t[>d ! heav54 7 7 1#a = by ?is meanes !y suppos$ ! ,moone 0 mu* eas$ 9 h] lab\rs1 & !r=e ,ovid calls su* l\d ,in/rum5ts ! auxili>ies or helpes ( ! ,moone4#b ,cum fru/ra resonant ra auxili>ia ,lun4 & !re=e ! ,satyri/ too describ+ a l\d scold1 saies1 %e 0 able to make noise en\gh to deliv] ! lab\r+ ,moone4#c ,vna laboranti pot]it succurr]e ,lun4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,9 vita ,paul4 mil4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,metam4 l4 #d4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,iuv54 ,sat4 #f ,n[ ! reason ( all ?is _! c]emonie1 01 because !y fe>$ ! _w w\ld fall asleepe1 :5 "o ( its eyes began to w9ke1 & !re=e !y w\ld doe :at !y c\ld by l\d s\nds to r\se x f its dr[s9esse1 & keepe x awake by bright tor*es1 to be/[ t light ^u x :i* x began to lose4 ,"s ( !m ?\ght h]eby to keepe ! ,moone 9 h] orbe1 :]eas o!rwise %e w\ld h fall5 d[ne ^u ! e>?1 & ! _w w\ld h lo/ "o ( its lights1 = ! cr$ul\s p believ$1 t ,in*ant]s1 & ,wit*es c\ld br+ ! ,moone d[ne1 :i* made ,virgil say1 ,cantus clo possunt d$uc]e ,lunam4 ,& ^? ,wiz>ds kn[+ ! times ( h] eclipses1 w\ld !n ?reat5 to %ew _! skill1 by pull+ h] out ( h] orbe4 ,s t :5 ! silly multitude saw t %e began to looke r$1 !y pres5tly fe>$ !y %\ld lose ! b5efit ( h] light1 & !re=e made a great noise t %e might n he>e ! s\nd ( ^? ,*>mes1 :i* w\ld o!rwise br+ h] d[ne1 & ?is is r5d]$ = a reason ( ?is cu/ome by ,pl9y & ,prop]tius3 ,cantus curru lunam d$uc]e t5tant1 ,et fac]5t1 si non ra repulsa son5t4#a ,sid5ote #a3 ,nat4 hi/4 lib4 #b4 c4 #ab4 ,plut>* gives ano!r reason ( x1 & he sayes1 'tis because !y w\ld ha/5 ! ,moone out ( ! d>ke %ade :]e9 %ee 0 involv'd1 t s %e might br+ away ! s\les ( ^? ,sa9ts t inhabit )9 h]1 :i* cry out by reason !y are !n depriv$ ( _! wont$ happ9esse1 & _c he>e ! musicke ( ! ,sphe>es1 b are =c$ to behold ! torm5ts1 & wail+ ( ^? damn$ s\les :i* are repres5t$ to !m z !y are tortur$ 9 ! region ( ! aire1 b :e!r ?is or :at ev] else 0 ! mean+ ( ?is sup]/ition1 yet c]ta9ly 'twas a v ridicul\s cu/ome1 & bewray$ a great ignorance ( ^? anci5t times1 especially s9ce x 0 n onely receiv$ by ! vulg>1 su* z 7 m5 ( lesse note & le>n+1 b believ$ also1 by ! m fam\s & wis] sort1 su* z 7 ^? great ,poets1 ,/esi*orus & ,p9d>4 ,& n onely among/ ! m sotti% hea!ns1 :o might acc\nt t ,planet to be "o ( _! ,gods1 b ! primitive ,*ri/ians also 7 9 ?is k9de guilty2 :i* made ,s4 ,ambrose s t>tly to rebuke ^? ( 8 "t1 :5 he said1 ,tum turbatur c>m9ibus ,globus ,lun1 qu&o calicibus turbantur oculi4 8,:5 y\r heads are tr\bl$ ) cups1 !n y ?9ke ! ,moone to be tr\bl$ ) *>mes40 ,& = ?is reason also did ,maximus a ,bi%op1#a write a ,homily aga9/ x1 :]e9 hee %ew$ ! absurditie ( t fooli% sup]/ition4 ,i rememb]1 t ,ludovicus ,uives relates a m ridicul\s /ory ( a p t imprison$ an ,asse = dr9k+ up ! ,moone1 ^: image appe>+ 9 ! wat] 0 cov]$ ) a cl\d1 z ! ,asse 0 dr9k+1 = :i* ! poore bea/ 0 aft]w>d br\ght to ! b>re to receive a s5t5ce accord+ to 8 des]ts1 :]e ! grave ,s5ate be+ set to exam9e ! matt]1 "o ( ! ,c\nsell 7p]haps wis] ?an ! re/7 rises up1 & out ( 8 deepe judgem5t1 ?9kes x n fit t _! ,t[ne %\ld lose its ,moone1 b t r ! ,asse %\ld be cut up1 & t tak5 out ( him1 :i* s5t5ce be+ approv$ by ! re/ ( ^? ,politicians1 z ! subtille/ way = ! conclusion ( ! matt] 0 accord+ly p]=m$4 ,b :e!r ?is tale 7 true or no ,i w n "q1 h[ev] !re is absurdity en\gh 9 t =m] cu/ome ( ! anci5ts1 t may confirme ! tru? to be prov$1 & pla9ly decl>e ! insuffici5cy ( common op9ion to adde true wor? or e/imation unto any ?+4 ,s t f t :i* ,i h said may be ga!r$ ?us mu*4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,tur95s4 ,episc4 #a4 ,t a new tru? may seeme absurd & impossible n onely to ! vulg>1 b to ^? also :o are o!rwise wise m51 & excell5t s*oll]s2 & h5ce x w foll[1 t e new ?+ :i* seemes to oppose common ,pr9ciples is n pres5tly to be reject$1 b r to be pry'd into ) a dilig5t enquiry1 s9ce !re are _m ?+s :i* are yet hid f u1 & res]v'd = future discov]y4 #b4 ,t x is n ! commonnesse ( an op9ion t c privil$ge x = a tru?1 ! wrong way is sometime a well beat5 pa?1 :]eas ! "r way 7especially to hidd5 tru?s7 may bee lesse trodd5 & m obscure4 ,true inde$1 ! /rang5ess ( ?is op9ion w detract mu* f its cr$it2 b yet we %\ld "k t no?+ is 9 its selfe /range1 s9ce e naturall effect has an equall dep5dance ^u its cause1 & ) ! l necessity do? foll[ f x1 s t 'tis our ignorance :i* makes ?+s appe>e s1 & h5ce x comes to passe t _m m evid5t tru?s seeme incr$ible to su* :o "k n ! causes ( ?+s3 y may z soone p]swade "s ,c\ntry peasants t ! ,moone is made ( gre5e ,*eese 7z wee say7 z t 'tis bigg] ?an 8 ,c>t-:eele1 s9ce bo? seeme equally to contradict 8 sight1 & hee has n reason en\gh to leade him f>!r ?an 8 s5ses4 ,nay1 suppose 7sai? ,plut>*7 a ,philosoph] %\ld be educat$ 9 su* a secret place1 :]e hee might n see ei!r ,sea or ,riv]1 & aft]w>ds %\ld be br\ght out :]e "o might %ew him ! great ,ocean tell+ him ! quality ( t wat]1 t x is blacki%1 salt1 & n potable1 & yet !re 7 _m va/ creatures ( all =mes liv+ 9 x1 :i* make use ( ! wat] z wee doe ( ! aire1 que/ionlesse he w\ld laugh at all ?is1 z be+ mon/r\s lies fables1 )\t any col\r ( tru?4 ,j s w ?is tru? :i* ,i n[ deliv] appe>e unto o!rs2 because we nev] dreamt ( any su* matt] z a _w 9 ! ,moone1 because ! /ate ( t place ha? z yet be5 vail$ f our k1 !re=e wee c sc>cely ass5t to any su* matt]4 ,?+s are v h>dly receiv$ :i* are altoge!r /range to our ?\ghts & our s5ses4 ,! s\le may ) lesse difficulty be br\ght to believe any absurdity1 :5 z x has =m]ly be5e acqua9t$ ) "s col\rs & probabilities = x1 b :5 a new1 & an unhe>d ( tru? %all come be=e x1 ?\gh x h good gr\nds & reasons1 yet ! und]/&+ is afraid ( x z a /rang]1 & d>es n admit x into its beliefe )\t a great deale ( reluctancy & tryall4 ,& besides ?+s t are n manife/$ to ! s5ses1 are n ass5t$ unto )\t "s lab\r ( m9d1 "s travaile & disc\rse ( ! und]/&+1 & _m lazie s\les _h r quietly repose !mselves 9 an easie err\r1 !n take pa9es to se>* out ! tru?4 ,! /rang5esse !n ( ?is op9ion :i* ,i n[ deliv] w be a great h9d]ance to its beliefe1 b ?is is n to be respect$ by reason x _c bee help$4 ,i h /ood ! long] 9 ! ,preface1 because t prejudice :i* ! me]e title ( ! booke may beget _c easily be remov$ )\t a great deale ( prep>ation1 & ,i c\ld n tell o!rwise h[ to rectifie ! ?\ghts ( ! ,read] = an imp>tiall survey ( ! foll[+ disc\rse4 ,i mu/ ne$s confesse1 ?\gh ,i _h (t5 ?\ght ) my selfe t x 0 possible !re might be a _w 9 ! ,moone1 yet x seem$ su* an unc\? op9ion t ,i nev] dur/ discov] x1 = fe>e ( be+ c\nt$ s+ul> & ridicul\s1 b aft]w>d hav+ read ,plut>*1 ,galilu1 ,kepl>1 ) "s o!rs1 & f9d+ _m ( m9e owne ?\ghts confirm$ by su* /rong au?ority1 ,i !n conclud$ t x 0 n onely possible !re might bee1 b probable t !re 0 ano!r habitable _w 9 t ,planet4 ,9 ! prosecut+ ( ?is ass]tion1 ,i %all fir/ endeav\r to cle>e ! way f su* d\bts z may h9d] ! spe$ or ease ( f>!r progresse2 & because ! suppositions imply'd 9 ?is op9ion may seeme to contradict ! pr9ciples ( reason or fai?1 x w be requisite t ,i fir/ remove ?is scruple1 %ew+ ! con=mity ( !m to bo? ^!1 & prov+ ^? tru?s t may make way = ! re/1 :i* ,i %all lab\r to p]=me 9 ! second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? ,*apt]s1 & !n proce$e to confirme su* ,propositions1 :i* doe m directly belong to ! ma9e po9t 9 h&4 ,proposition #b4 ,t a plurality ( worlds do? n contradict any pr9ciple ( reason or fai?4 ,tis report$ ( ,ari/otle t :5 hee saw ! bookes ( ,moses he comm5d$ !m = su* a maje/icke /ile z might become a ,god1 b )all hee c5sur$ t mann] ( writ+ to be v unfitt+ = a ,philosoph] because !re 0 no?+ prov$ 9 !m1 b matt]s 7 deliv]$ z if !y w\ld r comm& ?an p]swade beliefe4 ,& 'tis obs]v$ t hee sets d[ne no?+ himselfe1 b he confirmes x by ! /ronge/ reasons t may be f\nd1 !re be+ sc>ce an argum5t ( =ce = any subject 9 ,philosophy :i* may n bee pick$ out ( 8 writ+s1 & !re=e 'tis likely if !re 7 9 reason a necessity ( "o onely _w1 t hee w\ld h f\nd out "s su* necess>y pro(e z might confirme x3 ,especially s9ce hee lab\rs = x s mu* 9 two :ole ,*apt]s4 ,b n[ all ! argum5ts :i* he himselfe urges 9 ?is subject1#a are v weake & f>re en\gh f hav+ 9 !m any conv9c+ p[]4 ,!re=e 'tis likely t a plurality ( worlds do? n contradict any pr9ciple ( reason4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w set d[ne ! two *iefe ( 8 argum5ts f 8 owne workes1 & f !m y may guesse ! =ce ( ! o!r4 ,! #a4 is ?is1#b s9ce e heavy body do? naturally t5d d[nw>ds1 & e light body upw>ds1 :at a hudl+ & confusion mu/ !re bee if !re 7 two places = gravity & two places = lightnesse3 = x is probable t ! ,e>? ( t o!r ,_w w\ld fall d[ne to ?is ,c5t]1 & s mutually ! aire & fire "h asc5d to ^? ,regions 9 ! o!r1 :i* mu/ ne$es mu* d]ogate f ! provid5ce ( nature1 & cause a great disord] 9 8 workes4 ,to ?is ,i answ]e1 t if y w consid] ! nature ( gravity1 y w pla9ely see !re is no gr\nd to fe>e any su* confusion1 = heav9esse is no?+ else b su* a quality z causes a prop5sion 9 'its subject to t5d d[new>ds t[>ds its owne ,c5tre1 s t = "s ( t e>? to come hi!r w\ld n bee said a fall b an asc5sion1 s9ce x mov$ f its owne place1 & ?is w\ld bee impossible 7sai? ,ruvio7 because aga9/ nature1#c & !re=e no m to bee fe>$ ?an ! fall+ ( ! ,heav5s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,clo l4 #a4 c4 #h4 #i4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,ibid4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,de ,clo l4 #a4 c4 #i4 q4 #a4 ,ano!r ,argum5t hee _h f 8 ma/] ,plato1#a t !re is b "o ,_w1 because !re is b "o fir/ mov]1 ,god4#b ,sid5ote #a3 ,metaphys4 l4 #ab4 c4 #h4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,diog4 ,la]t4 lib4 #c4 ,b "h ,i may d5y ! consequ5ce1 s9ce a plurality ( worlds do? n take away ! unity ( ! fir/ mov]4 ,vt enim =ma sub/antialis1 sic primum effici5s app>5tem solummodo multiplicitatem induit p] signatam mat]iam 7sai? a ,c\ntreyman ( ours47#a ,z ! sub/antiall =me1 s ! effici5t cause ha? onely an appe>+ multiplicity f its p>ticul> matt]4 ,y may see ?is po9t m l>gely h&l$1 & ^! ,argum5ts m fully answ]$ by ,plut>* 9 8 ,booke 7:y ,oracles are sil5t7 & ,iacob ,c>p5t>ius 9 8 comm5t on ,alc9\s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,nic4 ,hill4 de ,philosop4 ,epic4 p>tic4 #cgi4 ,b our opposites ! ,int]pret]s !mselves1 7:o too (t5 doe jur>e 9 v]ba magi/ri7 w grant t !re is n any /r5g? 9 ^! consequ5ces1 & c]ta9ely _! su* weake argum5ts c\ld n conv9ce t wise ,philosoph]1 :o 9 8 o!r op9ions 0 wont to bee sway$ by ! /r5g? & p[] ( reason3 :]e=e ,i %\ld r ?9ke t he _h "s by-respect1 :i* made him fir/ ass5t to ?is op9ion1 & aft]w>ds /rive to prove x4 ,p]haps x 0 because hee fe>$ to displease 8 s*oll] ,alex&]1 ( :om 'tis relat$#a t he wept to he>e a disputation ( ano!r _w1 s9ce he _h n !n atta9$ ! ,mon>*y ( ?is1 8 re/lesse wide he>t w\ld h e/eem$ ?is ,globe ( ,e>? n big en\gh = him1 if !re _h be5e ano!r1 :i* made ! ,satyri/ say ( him1 /uat inflix angu/o limite mundi4#b 8,t he did vexe himselfe & sweate 9 8 desires1 z be+ p5d up 9 a n>r[ roome1 :5 hee 0 conf9'd b to "o _w40 ,be=e he ?\ght to seate himselfe next ! ,gods1 b n[ :5 hee _h done 8 be/1 hee mu/ be cont5t ) "s equall1 or p]haps sup]i\r ,k+s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut>*4 de tranq4 anim4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,iuv5al4 ,x may be1 t ,ari/otle 0 mov$ to ?is op9ion1 t hee might !reby take f ,alex&] ! occasion ( ?is fe>e & discont5t1 or else1 p]haps1 ,ari/otle himselfe 0 z lo? to hold ! possibility ( a _w :i* he c\ld n discov]1 z ,alex&] 0 to he>e ( "o :i* he c\ld n conqu]4 ,tis likely t "s su* by-respect mov$ him to ?is op9ion1 s9ce ! argum5ts he urges = x are confe/ by 8 zeal\s foll[]s & comm5tators1 to be v sleight & frivol\s1 & !y !mselves grant1 :at ,i am n[ to prove1 t !re is n any evid5ce 9 ! light ( naturall reason1 :i* c suffici5tly manife/ t !re is b "o _w4 ,b h[ev] "s may object1 w\ld x n be inconv5i5t & dang]\s to admit ( su* op9ions t doe de/roy ^? pr9ciples ( ,ari/otle1 :i* all ! _w ha? s long foll[$8 ,?is "q is mu* controv]t$ by ! ,romi% ,div9es2 ,campanella ha? writ a ,treatise#a 9 def5ce ( x1 9 :om y may see _m ?+s wor? ! read+ & notice4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,apologia pro ,galilo4 ,to x ,i answ]1 t ?is position 9 ,philosophy1 do? n br+ any inconv5i5ce to ! re/1 s9ce tis n ,ari/otle1 b tru? t %\ld be ! rule ( our op9ions1 & if !y be n bo? f\nd toge!r1 wee may say to him1 z hee said to 8 ,ma/] ,plato1 1 ,greek3 ampho9 g> onto9 philo91 hosion protiman tn al!ian4#a 8,?\gh ,plato 7 8 fri5d1 yet hee w\ld r adh]e to tru? ?an him40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,e?ic4 l4 #a4 c4 #f4 ,i mu/ ne$s grant1 t wee are all mu* behold5 to ! indu/ry ( ! anci5t ,philosoph]s1 & m especially to ,ari/otle1 = ! great] "p ( our le>n+1 b yet tis n +ratitude to speake aga9/ him1 :5 hee oppose? tru?2 = !n _m ( ! ,fa!rs w\ld be v guilty1 especially ,iu/91 :o ha? writ a ,treatise purposely aga9/ him4 ,b suppose ?is op9ion 7 false1 yet 'tis n aga9/ ! fai?1 & s x may s]ve = ! bett] confirmation ( t :i* is true2 ! sp>kes ( err\r1 be+ =c'd out by opposition1 z ! sp>kes ( fire1 by ! /rik+ ( ! fl9t & /eele4 ,b suppose too t x 7 h]eticall1 & aga9/ ! fai?1 yet may x be admitt$ ) ! same privil$ge z ,ari/otle1 f :om _m m dang]\s op9ions h proce$$3 z t ! _w is et]nall1 t ,god _c h :ile to looke aft] ^! inf]i\r ?+s1 t aft] dea? !re is no rew>d or puni%m5t1 & su* l blasphemies1 :i* /rike directly at ! fundam5talls ( our ,religion4 ,s t x is ju/ly to be wondr$ :y "s %\ld be s sup]/iti\s 9 ^! daies1 z to /icke clos] unto him1 ?an unto ,scripture1 z if 8 ,philosophy 7 ! onely f\ndation ( all div9e tru?s4 ,^u ^! gr\nds bo? ,/4 ,u9c5tius& ,s5af9us de firmo 7z ,i h se5e !m quot$7 ?9ke t ,ari/otle 0 ! viol ( ,gods wra?1 :i* 0 p[r$ out ^u ! wat]s ( ,wis$ome by ! ?ird ,angel2#a ,b = my "p1 ,i ?9ke ! _w is mu* behold5 to ,ari/otle = all its sci5ces4 ,b yet tw]e a %ame = ^! lat] ages to re/ our selves me]ely ^u ! lab\rs ( our ,=e-fa!rs1 z if !y _h in=m$ u ( all ?+s to be kn[ne1 & :5 wee are set ^u _! %\ld]s1 n to see fur!r !n !y !mselves did4 ',tw]e a sup]/iti\s1 a lazie op9ion to ?9ke ,ari/otles workes ! b\nds & limits ( all humane inv5tion1 beyond :i* !re c\ld be no possibility ( rea*+4 ,c]ta9ly !re are yet _m ?+s left to discov]y1 & x _c be any inconv5i5ce = u1 to ma9ta9e a new tru?1 or rectifie an anci5t err\r4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,rev4 #af4 #d4 ,b ! position 7say "s7 is directly aga9/ ,scripture1 = #a4 ,moses tells u b ( "o _w1 & 8 ,hi/ory ( ! creation _h be5e v imp]fect if ,god _h made ano!r4 #b4 ,sa9t ,john speak+ ( ,gods workes1 saies he made ! _w1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & !re=e !re is b "o3#a 'tis ! argum5t ( ,aqu9as1 & he ?9ks t none w oppose x1 b su* :o ) ,democritus e/eeme "s bl9de *ance1 & n any wise provid5ce to be ! fram] ( all ?+s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,"p #a4 ,q4 #dg4 ,art4 #c4 #c4 ,! op9ion ( m worlds has 9 anci5t "t be5e acc\nt$ a h]esie1 & ,b>onius affirmes t = ?is v reason1 ,virgilius 0 ca/ out ( 8 ,bi%opricke1 & excommunicat$ f ! ,*ur*4#a ,sid5ote #a3 ,annal4 ,eccl4 ,a4,d4 #gdh4 #d4 ,a f\r? argum5t !re is urg$ by ,aqu9as1 if !re be m worlds ?an "o1 !n !y mu/ ei!r be ( ! same1 or ( a div]se nature1 b !y are n ( ! same k9de1#a = ?is 7 ne$lesse1 & w\ld argue an improvid5ce1 s9ce "o w\ld h no m p]fection ?an ! o!r2 n ( div]s k9ds1 = !n "o ( !m c\ld n be call$ ! _w or univ]se1 s9ce x did n conta9e univ]sall p]fection1 ,i h cit$ ?is argum5t1 because x is s mu* /ood ^u by ,iulius ,cs> la ,galla1#b "o t has purposely writ a ,treatise aga9/ ?is op9ion :i* ,i n[ deliv]1 b ! ,dilemma is s blunt1 t x _c cut on ei!r side1 & ! consequ5ces s weake1 t ,i d>e tru/ !m )\t an answ]2 ,& 7by ! way7 y may see ?is ,au?or 9 t place1 :]e he endeav\rs to prove a necessity ( "o _w1 do? leave ! *iefe matt] 9 h&1 & take mu* ne$lesse pa9es to dispute aga9/ ,democritus1 :o ?\ght t ! _w 0 made by ! casuall conc\rse ( atoms 9 a great vacuum4 ,x %\ld seeme1 t ei!r 8 cause1 or 8 skill 0 weake1 or else he w\ld h v5tur$ ^u a /rong] adv]s>y4 ,^! argum5ts :i* ,i h set d[ne1 are ! *iefe/ :i* ,i h met ) aga9/ ?is subject1 & yet ! be/ ( ^! ha? n =ce en\gh to endang] ! tru? t ,i h deliv]$4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,ibid4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,de ,phnom4 9 orbe lun4 ,unto ! two fir/ x may be answ]$1 t ! negative au?ority ( ,scripture is n preval5t 9 ^? ?+s :i* are n ! fundam5talls ( ,religion4 ,b y'le reply1 ?\gh x doe n necess>ily conclude1 yet 'tis probable if !re _h be5e ano!r _w1 wee %\ld h _h "s notice ( x 9 ,scripture4 ,i answ]1 'tis z probable t ! ,scripture %\ld h in=m$ u ( ! ,planets !y be+ v rem>kable p>ts ( ! ,creation1 & yet nei!r ,moses nor ,job1 nor ! ,psalmes 7! places mo/ frequ5t 9 ,a/ronomicall obs]vations7 m5tion any ( !m b ! ,sunne & ,moone1 & moreov]1 y mu/ "k1 t 'tis besides ! scope ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ei!r 9 ! new ,te/am5t or 9 ! old1 to reveale any ?+ unto u conc]n+ ! secrets ( ,philosophy2 'tis n 8 int5t 9 ! new ,te/am5t1 s9ce we _c conceive h[ x might any way belong ei!r to ! ,hi/oricall exegeticall or propheticall p>ts ( x3 nor is x 8 int5t 9 ! old ,te/am5t1 z is well obs]v$ by our ,c\ntrey-man ,ma/] ,,wright4#a ,non ,mosis aut ,prophet>um in/itutum fuisse videtur ,ma!maticas aliquas aut ,physicas subtilitates promulg>e1 s$ ad vulgi captum loqu5di morem quemadmodum nutrices infantulis sol5t sese accommod>e4 8',tis n ! endeav\r ( ,moses or ! ,prophets to discov] any ,ma!maticall or ,philosophicall subtilties1 b r to accmodate !mselves to vulg> capacities1 & ord9>y spee*1 z nurses are wont to use _! infants40 ,true inde$e1 ,moses is !re to h&le ! hi/ory ( ! ,creation1 b 'tis obs]v$ t he does n any :]e m$dle ) su* matt]s z 7 v h>d to be appreh5d$1 = be+ to in=me ! common p z well z o!rs1 he does x aft] a vulg> way1 z x is commonly not$1 decl>+ ! orig9all *iefely ( ^? ?+s :i* 7 obvi\s to ! s5se1 & be+ sil5t ( o!r ?+s1 :i* !n c\ld n well be appreh5d$4 ,& !re=e ,aqu9as obs]ves1#b t ,moses writes no?+ ( ! aire1 because t be+ invisible1 ! p knew n :e!r !re 7 any su* body or no4 ,& = ?is v reason ,sa9t ,au/9 also ?9kes t !re is no?+ expre/ conc]n+ ! creation ( ,angels :i* not)/&+ are z rem>kable p>ts ( ! creatures1 & z fit to be kn[ne z ano!r _w4 ,& !re=e ! ,holy ,gho/ too uses su* vulg> expressions :i* set ?+s =? r z !y appe>e1 !n z !y are1#c z :5 he calls ! ,moone "o ( ! great] lights :]eas 'tis ! lea/1 b "o t wee c see 9 ! :ole heav5s4 ,s aft]w>ds speak+ ( ! great ra9e :i* dr[n$ ! _w1#d he saies1 ! w9d[es ( heav5 7 op5$1 because x seem$ to come ) t viol5ce1 z if x 71 p\r$ out f w9d[s 9 ! ,firmam5t4#e ,s t ! phrases :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ uses conc]n+ ^! ?+s are n to be und]/ood 9 a lit]all s5se2 b r z vulg> expressions1 & ?is rule is set d[ne by ,sa9t ,au/91 :]e speak+ conc]n+ t 9 ! ,psalme1 :o /ret*$ ! e>? ^u ! wat]s1#f hee notes1 t :5 ! words ( ,scripture %all seeme to contradict common s5se or exp]i5ce1 !re are !y to be und]/ood 9 a qualifi$ s5se1 & n accord+ to ! lett]4 ,& 'tis obs]v$ t = want ( ?is rule1 "s ( ! anci5ts h fa/5$ /range absurdities ^u ! words ( ! ,scripture4 ,s ,sa9t ,ambrose e/eem$ x a h]esie1 to ?9ke1 t ! ,sunne & />res 7 n v hot1 z be+ aga9/ ! words ( ,scripture1#g ,psalm4 #ai4 #f4 :]e ! ,psalmi/ sayes t !re is no?+ t is hid f ! heate ( ! ,sunne4 ,s o!rs !re are t w\ld prove ! heav5s n to be r\nd1 out ( t place1 ,psal4 #ajd4 #b4 ,hee /ret*e? out ! heav5s l a curta9e4#h ,s ,procopius also 0 ( op9ion1 t ! e>? 0 f\nd$ ^u ! wat]s1 nay1 he made x "p ( 8 fai?1 prov+ x out ( ,psal4 #bd4 #b4 ,hee ha? f\nd$ ! e>? ^u ! seas1 & e/abli%$ x ^u ! fl\ds4 ,^! & su* l absurdities h foll[$1 :5 m5 looke = ! gr\nds ( ,philosophie 9 ! words ( ,scripture4 ,s t f :at ha? be5e said1 ,i may conclude t ! sil5ce ( ,scripture conc]n+ any o!r _w is n suffici5t argum5t to prove t !re is none4 ,?us = ! two fir/ argum5ts4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,9 ,epi/4 ad ,gilb]t4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,"p #a4 ,q4 #fh4 ,art4 #c4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,g54 #a4 #af ,sid5ote #d3 ,g54 #aa4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,sr4 ,w4 ,rawly c4 #g4 4 #f4 ,sid5ote #f3 l4 #b4 9 ,g54 _/ ,psal4 #acf4 #f4 ,sid5ote #g3 ,wisd4 #b4 #d4 #ag4 #e4 _/ ,ecclus4 #dc4 #c4 #d4 ,sid5ote #h3 ,com4 9 c4 #a4 ,g54 ,unto ! ?ird1 ,i may answ]1 t ?is v example is quot$ by o!rs1 to %ew ! ignorance ( ^? primative times1 :o did sometimes condemne :at !y did n und]/&1 & h (t5 c5sur'd ! lawfull und\bt$ p>ts ( ,ma!matiques = h]eticall1 because !y !mselves c\ld n p]ceive a reason ( x1 & !re=e _! practise 9 ?is p>ticul>1 is no suffici5t te/imony aga9/ u4 ,b la/ly ,i answ] to all ! above nam$ objections1 t ! t]me ,_w1 may be tak5 9 a d\ble s5se1 m g5]ally = ! :ole ,univ]se1 z x implies 9 x ! elem5t>y & !reall bodies1 ! />res & ! e>?4 ,secondly1 m p>ticul>ly = an inf]i\r ,_w consi/+ ( elem5ts4 ,n[ ! ma9e drift ( all ^! argum5ts1 is to confute a plurality ( worlds 9 ! fir/ s5se1 & if !re 7 any su*1 x might1 p]haps1 seeme /range1 t ,moses1 or ,/4 ,john %\ld ei!r n "k1 or n m5tion its creation4 ,& ,virgilius 0 condemn$ = ?is op9ion1 because he held1 qud sit alius mundus sub t]r1 aliusque ,sol ,luna1 7z ,b>onius7 t )9 our globe ( e>?1 !re 0 ano!r _w1 ano!r ,sunne & ,moone1 & s he might seeme to exclude ?is f ! numb] ( ! o!r creatures4 ,b n[ !re is no su* dang] 9 ?is op9ion1 :i* is "h deliv]$1 s9ce ?is _w said to be 9 ! ,moone1 ^: creation is p>ticul>ly expre/4 ,s t 9 ! fir/ s5se ,i yeeld1 t !re is b "o _w1 :i* is all t ! argum5ts d prove1 b und]/& x 9 ! second s5se1 & s ,i affirme !re may be m nor doe any ( ! above nam$ objections prove ! ctr>y4 ,nei!r c ?is op9ion d]ogate f ! div9e ,wisdome 7z ,aqu9as ?9kes7 b r advance x1 %ew+ a comp5dium ( provid5ce1 t c\ld make ! same body a _w1 & a ,moone2 a _w = habitation1 & a ,moone = ! use ( o!rs1 & ! ornam5t ( ! :ole frame ( ,nature4 ,= z ! memb]s ( ! body s]ve n onely = ! pres]vation ( !mselves1 b = ! use & conv5i5cy ( ! :ole1 z ! h& protects ! head z well z saves x selfe1#a s is x 9 ! p>ts ( ! ,univ]se1 :]e ea* "o may s]ve1 z well = ! cons]vation ( t :i* is )9 x1 z ! helpe ( o!rs )\t x4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,cusanus de doct4 ignor4 l4 #b4 c4 #ab4 ,i h n[ 9 "s measure1 %ew$ t a plurality ( worlds does n contradict any pr9ciple ( reason or place ( ,scripture1 & s cle>$ ! fir/ "p ( t supposition :i* is appli$ 9 ! op9ion4 ,x may next be enquir$2 :e!r 'tis possible !re may be a globe ( elem5ts 9 t :i* we call ! !reall p>ts ( ! ,univ]se2 = if ?is 7z x is accord+ to ! common op9ion7 be privil$g$ f any *ange or corruption1 x w be 9 va9e !n to imag9e any elem5t !re1 & if we w h ano!r _w1 we mu/ !n seeke out "s o!r place = its situation4 ,! ?ird ,proposition !re=e %all be ?is4 ,proposition #c4 ,t ! heav5s doe n consi/ ( any su* pure matt] :i* c privil$ge !m f ! l *ange & corruption1 z ^! inf]i\r bodies are liable unto4 ,x ha? be5e (t5 que/ion$ among/ ! anci5t ,fa!rs & ,philosoph]s1 :at k9d ( matt] t %\ld be1 ( :i* ! heav5s are fram$1 :e!r or no ( any fif? sub/ance di/9ct f ! f\re elem5ts1 z ,ari/otle#a holds1 & ) him "s ( ! late ,s*oolem51 ^: subtill bra9es c\ld n be cont5t to attribute to ^? va/ glori\s bodies1 b common mat]ialls1 & !re=e !y !mselves _h r take pa9es to pref]re !m to "s extraord9>y nature1 :]eas not)/&+1 all ! argum5ts !y c\ld inv5t1 7 n able to conv9ce a necessity ( any su* matt]1 z is confe/ by _! owne#b99 side4 ,x 7 mu* to be desir$1 ?/ ^! m5 _h n 9 o!r cases1 z well z ?is1 multipli$ ?+s )\t necessity1 & z if !re _h n be5e en\gh to be kn[ne 9 ! secrets ( nature1 h spun out new subjects f _! owne bra9es to f9de m worke = future ages1 ,i %all n m5tion _! argum5ts1 s9ce 'tis already confe/1 t !y are none ( !m ( any necess>y consequ5ce1 & besides1 y may see !m set d[ne 9 any ( ! bookes de ,clo4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,clo41 l4 #a4 cap4 #b4 ,sid5ote #b993 ,colleg4 ,cannimb4 ,de ,clo4 l4 #a4 c4 #b4 q4 #f4 art4 #c4 ,b is x ! g5]all cons5t ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ! op9ion ( ,lomb>d1 t ! heav5s consi/ ( ! same matt] ) ^! sublun>y bodies4 ,/4 ,ambrose is confid5t ( x1 t hee e/eemes ! contr>y a h]esie4#a ,true inde$1 !y diff] mu* among !mselves1 "s ?9k+ !m to be made ( fire1 o!rs ( wat]1 b h]e9 !y g5]ally agree1 t !y are all fram$ ( "s elem5t or o!r4 ,= a bett] confirmation ( ?is1 y may see ,ludovicus ,mol9a1 ,euseb4 ,niremb]gius1 ) div]s o!rs4#b ,! v5]able ,b$e ?\ght ! ,planets to consi/ ( all ! f\re elem5ts1 & 'tis likely t ! o!r p>ts are ( an a]e\s sub/ance1#c z w be %ew$ aft]w>d2 h[ev]1 ,i _c n[ /& to recite ! argum5ts = ei!r1 ,i h onely urg$ ^! ,au?orities to c\nt]vaile ,ari/otle1 & ! ,s*oolem51 & ! bett] to make way = a pro( ( _! corruptibility4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,9 ,hexam4 lib4 #d4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,9 op]e #f4 di]um4 disput4 #e4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,9 lib4 de ,mundi con/it4 ,! next ?+ !n to be enquir$ aft]1 is1 :e!r !y be ( a corruptible nature1 #an :e!r !y c be de/roy$ by ,god1 = ?is ,scripture puts out ( d\bt4 ,sid5ote #a3 #b ,pet4 #c4 #ab4 ,nor :e!r or no 9 a long "t !y w\ld we>e away & gr[ worse1 = f any su* fe>e !y h be5e lately privil$g$4#a ,b :e!r !y are capable ( su* *anges & vicissitudes1 z ?is inf]i\r _w is liable unto4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,by ,doctor ,hackwell ,apol4 ,! two *iefe op9ions conc]n+ ?is1 h bo? err$ 9 "s extremity1 ! "o side go+ s f>re f ! o!r1 t !y h bo? gone beyond ! "r1 :ile/ ,ari/otle ha? oppos$ ! tru?1 z well z ! ,/oicks4 ,"s ( ! ,anci5ts h ?\ght1 t ! heav5ly bodies h /ood 9 ne$ ( n\ri%m5t f ! elem5ts1 by :i* !y 7 cont9ually f$1 & s _h div]s alt]ations by reason ( _! food1 ?is is fa!r$ on ,h]aclitus1#a foll[$ by t great ,naturali/ ,pl9y1#b & 9 g5]all attribut$ to all ! ,/oicks4 ,y may see ,s5eca expressely to ?is purpose 9 ^! words1 ,ex illa alim5ta omnibus animalibus1 omnibus satis1 omnibus /ellis dividuntur1 h9c pr(]tur quo su/9eantur tot ,syd]a tam ex]citata1 tam avida1 p] diem1 noctemque1 ut 9 op]e1 ita 9 pa/u4#c ,speak+ ( ! e>?1 he saies1 f !nce x is1 t n\ri%m5t is divid$ to all ! liv+ creatures1 ! ,plants & ! ,/>res1 h5ce 7 su/a9$ s _m con/ellations1 s labori\s1 s gre$y bo? day & night1 z well 9 _! fe$+ z work+4 ,?us also ,lucan s+s1 ,necnon ,oceano pasci ,phbumque polumque cr$imus4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut>*4 de plac4 philos4 l4 #b4 c4 #ag4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,nat4 ,hi/4 l4 #b4 c4 #i4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,nat4 ,qu/4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #e4 ,unto ^! ,ptolome#a also t le>n$ ,egyptian seem$ to agree1 :5 he affirmes t ! body ( ! ,moone is moi/]1 & cool] ?an any ( ! o!r ,planets1 by reason ( ! e>?ly vap\rs t are exhal$ unto x4 ,y see ^! anci5ts ?\ght ! ,heav5s to be s f>re f ?is imag9$ incorruptibility1 t r l ! weake/ bodies !y /ood 9 ne$ ( "s cont9uall n\ri%m5t )\t :i* !y c\ld n subsi/4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,io ,apo/4 ,b ,ari/otle & 8 foll[]s 7 s f>re f ?is1#a t !y ?\ght ^? glori\s bodies c\ld n conta9e )9 !m any su* pr9ciples1 z might make !m lyable to ! lea/ *ange or corruption1 & _! *iefe reason 01 because we c\ld n 9 s long a space disc]ne any alt]ation among/ !m2 b unto ?is ,i answ]4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de clo4 l4 #a4 cap4 #c4 #a4 ,suppos+ we c\ld n1 yet w\ld x n h5ce foll[#a t !re 7 none1 z hee himselfe 9 effect do? confesse 9 ano!r place2 = speak+ conc]n+ our k ( ! ,heav5s1 hee sayes 'tis v imp]fect & difficult1 by reason ( ! va/e di/ance ( ^? bodies f u1 & because ! *anges :i* may happ5 unto x1 are n ei!r bigge en\gh or frequ5t en\gh to fall )9 ! appreh5sion & obs]vation ( our s5ses2 no wond] !n if hee himselfe bee deceiv$ 9 8 ass]tions conc]n+ ^! p>ticul>s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,clo4 l4 #b4 cap4 #c4 #b4 ,?\gh we c\ld n by our s5ses see su* alt]ations1 yet our reason might p]haps suffici5tly conv9ce u ( !m4 ,nor c we well conceive h[ ! ,sunne %\ld reflect aga9/ ! ,moone1 & yet n produce "s alt]ation ( heate4 ,diog5es ! ,philosoph] 0 h5ce p]swad$ t ^? scor*+ heates _h burnt ! ,moone into ! =me ( a ,pumice-/one4 #c4 ,i answ] t !re h be5 "s alt]ations obs]v$ !re2 witnesse ^? comets :i* h be5e se5e above ! ,moone4 ,s t ?\gh ,ari/otles consequ5ce 7 suffici5t1 :5 hee prov$ t ! heav5s 7 n corruptible1 because !re h n any *anges be+ obs]v$ 9 x1 yet ?is by ! same reason mu/ bee z preval5t1 t ! ,heav5s are corruptible1 because !re h be5e s _m alt]ations obs]v$ !re2 b ( ^! toge!r ) a f>!r confirmation ( ?is proposition1 ,i %all h occasion to speake aft]w>ds2 ,9 ! meane space1 ,i w ref]re ! ,read] to t worke ( ,s*e9] a late ,jesuit :i* hee titles 8 ,rosa ,vrs9a1#a :]e hee may see ?is po9t conc]n+ ! corruptibility ( ! ,heav5s l>gely h&l$ & suffici5tly confirm$4 ,sid5ote #a3 lib4 #d4 p4 #b4 cy4#bd1 #ce4 ,!re are "s o!r ?+s1 on :i* ,i might "h take an occasion to enl>ge my selfe1 b because !y are directly h&l$ by _m o!rs1 & doe n imm$iately belong to ! *iefe matt] 9 h&1 ,i %all !re=e ref]re ! ,read] to _! au?ors1 & omit any l>ge pro(e ( !m my selfe1 z def9+ all possible brevity4 #a4 ,! fir/ is ?is3 ,t !re are no solid ,orbes4 ,if !re be a habitable ,_w 9 ! ,moone 7:i* ,i n[ affirme7 x mu/ foll[1 t h] ,orbe is n solid1 z ,ari/otle suppos$2 & if n h]1 :y any ( ! o!r8 ,i r ?9ke t !y are all ( a fluid 7p]haps a]e\s7 sub/ance4 ,sa9t ,ambrose1 & ,sa9t ,basil#a did endeav\r to prove ?is out ( t place 9 ,isay1#b :]e !y are comp>$ to smoake1 z !y are bo? quot$ by ,rhodig9us1 ,eusebius1 ,ni]emb]gius#c do? likewise f t place confute ! solidity & incorruptibility ( ! ,heav5s1 & cites = ! same int]pretation ! au?ority ( ,eu/a*ius ( ,antio*2 & ,sa9t ,au/91#d ,i am sure seemes to ass5t unto ?is op9ion1 ?\gh he does (t5 9 8 o!r workes contradict x4 ,! te/imony ( o!r ,fa!rs to ?is purpose y may see 9 ,sixtus ,s55sis4 l4 #e4 ,biblio?4 annot4 #ad4 b = y\r bett] satisfaction h]e91 ,i %all ref]re y to ! above nam$ ,s*e9] 9 8 ,rosa ,urs9a1#e 9 :om y may see bo? au?orities & reason1 & v l>gely & di/9ctly set d[ne = ?is op9ion1 = ! bett] confirmation ( :i* hee adjoynes also "s au!nticall ,epi/les ( ,fr$]icus ,csius ,lynceus a ,noble ,pr9ce writt5 to ,bell>m9e1 conta9+ div]s reasons to ! same purpose1 y may also see ! same tru? set d[ne by ,johannes ,p5a 9 8 preface to ,euclids ,opticks1 & ,*ri/oph4 ,ro?mannus1 bo? :o ?\ght ! ,firmam5t to bee onely aire3 & ?\gh ! noble ,ty*o#f doe dispute aga9/ !m1 yet he himselfe holds1 ,quod propius ad v]itatis p5etralia acc$it hc op9io1 quam ,ari/otelica vulg>it] approbata1 qu clum pluribus realibus atque imp]viis orbibus citra rem replevit4 8,t ?is op9ion comes ne]] to ! tru? ?an t common "o ( ,ari/otle :i* ha? to no purpose fill$ ! heav5s ) su* reall & imp]vi\s ,orbes40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,isa4 #ea4 #f4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,ant4 lect4 l4 #a4 c4 #d4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,hi/4 nat4 l4 #b4 c4 #aa4 #ac4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,9 lib4 sup4 ,g54 ad lit4 ,sid5ote #e3 lib4 #d4 p4 #aa1 #b4 c4 #g4 #bf1 #cj4 ,sid5ote #f3 ,de /ella4 #ae4 #gb4 l4 #f4 c4 #i4 #b4 ,!re is no elem5t ( fire1 :i* mu/ be held ) ?is op9ion "h deliv]$2 = if wee suppose a _w 9 ! ,moone1 !n x w foll[1 t ! sphe>e ( fire1 ei!r is n !re :]e 'tis usually plac$ 9 ! concavity ( 8 ,orbe1 or else t !re is no su* ?+ at all1 :i* is mo/ probable1 s9ce !re are n any su* solid ,orbs1 t by _! swift motion might he>e & enk9dle ! adjoyn+ aire1 :i* is imag9$ to be ! reason ( t elem5t4 ,conc]n+ ?is see ,c>dan1 ,iohannes ,p5a t le>n$ ,fr5*man1 ! noble ,ty*o1 ) div]s o!rs :o h purposely h&l$ ?is proposition4 #c4 ,i might adde a ?ird1 viz4 t !re is no ,musicke ( ! sphe>es1 = if !y be n solid1 h[ c _! motion cause any su* s\nd z is conceiv$8 ,i doe ! r m$le ) ?is1 because ,plut>* speaks z if a man might v conv5i5tly he>e t h>mony1 if he 7 an inhabitant 9 ! ,moone4 ,b ,i guesse t hee said ?is out ( incogitancy1 & did n well consid] ^? necess>y consequ5ces :i* dep5d$ ^u 8 op9ion4 ,h[ev] ! _w w\ld h no great losse 9 be+ depriv$ ( ?is ,musicke1 unlesse at "s times we _h ! privil$ge to he>e x3 ,!n inde$e ,philo ! ,jew#a ?9kes x w\ld save u ! *>ges ( diet1 & we might live at an easie rate by fe$+ at ! e>e onely1 & receiv+ no o!r n\ri%m5t2 & = ?is v reason 7saies he7 0 ,moses enabl$ to t>ry =ty daies & =ty nights 9 ! ,m\nt )\t eat+ any ?+1 because he !re he>d ! melody ( ! ,heav5s1--,risum t5eatis4 ,i "k ?is ,musicke ha? _h great patrons bo? sacr$ & prophane au?\rs1 su* z ,ambrose1 ,b$e1 ,boetius1 ,anselme1 ,plato1 ,cic]o & o!rs1 b because x is n n[1 ,i ?9ke affirm$ by any1 ,i %all n !re=e be/[ ei!r pa9es or "t 9 argu+ aga9/ x4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de somniis4 ,x may suffice t ,i h onely nam$ ^! ?ree la/1 & = ! two m necess>y1 h ref]r$ ! ,read] to o!rs = satisfaction4 ,i %all 9 ! next place proce$e to ! nature ( ! ,moones body1 to "k :e!r t be capable ( any su* conditions1 z may make x possible to be inhabit$1 & :at ^? qualities are :]e9 x m ne]ely agrees ) our e>?4 ,proposition #d4 ,t ! ,moone is a solid1 compact$1 opac\s body4 ,i %all n ne$ to /& long 9 ! pro(e ( ?is proposition1 s9ce x is a tru? already agre$ on by ! g5]all cons5t ( ! mo/ & ! be/ ,philosoph]s4 #a4 ,x is solid 9 opposition to fluid1 z is ! ayre1 = h[ o!rwise c\ld x be>e backe ! light :i* x receives f ! ,sunne8 ,b "h x may be que/ion$1 :e!r or no ! ,moone be/[ h] light ^u u by ! reflection ( ! ,sunne-beames f ! sup]ficies ( h] body1 or else by h] owne illum9ation4 ,"s !re are :o affirme ?is latt] "p4 ,s ,av]roes1 ,clius ,rhodig9us1 ,iulius ,cs>1 c4 & _! reason is because ?is light is disc]n$ 9 _m places1#a :]eas ^? bodies :i* give light by reflexion c !re onely be p]ceiv$ :]e ! angle ( reflexion is equall to ! angle ( incid5ce1 & ?is is onely 9 "o place1 z 9 a look+-glasse ^? beames :i* are reflect$ f x _c bee p]ceiv$ 9 e place :]e y may see ! glasse1 b onely !re :]e y\r eye is plac$ on ! same l9e :]eon ! beames are reflect$4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de clo4 l4 #b4 com4 #di4 ,ant4 lection4 l4 #bj4 c4 #d4 ,de phnom4 lun4 c4 #aa4 ,b to ?is ,i answ]e1 t ! argum5t w n hold ( su* bodies1 ^: sup]ficies is full ( unequall p>ts & gibbosities z ! ,moone is4 ,:]e=e x is z well ! m probable z ! m common op9ion1 t h] light proce$es f bo? ^! causes1 f reflexion & illum9ation2 nor do? x h]e9 diff] f our e>?1 s9ce t also ha? "s light by illum9ation3 = h[ o!rwise w\ld ! p>ts ab\t u 9 a ,sunne-%9e day appe>e s bright1 :5 z all ! rayes ( reflexion _c ent] into our eye8 #b4 ,x is compact1 & n a spungie & por\s sub/ance4#a ,b ?is is d5i$ by ,diog5es1 ,vitellio1 & ,re9oldus1 & "s o!rs1 :o held ! ,moone to bee ( ! same k9d ( nature z a ,pumice-/one1 & ?is1 say !y1 is ! reason :y 9 ! ,suns eclipses !re appe>es )9 h] a duski% ruddy col\r1 because ! ,sunne-beames be+ refract$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! pores ( h] body1 mu/ necess>ily be repres5t$ "u su* a col\r4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut4 de pla4 phil4 l4 #b4 c4 #ac4 ,opt4 l4 #d4 ,com4 ,purbac4 ,!o4 p4 #afd4 ,b ,i reply1 if ?is be ! cause ( h] r$nesse2 !n :y do? %e n appe>e "u ! same =me :5 %e is ab\t a sextile aspect1 & ! d>kn$ "p ( h] body is disc]nable8 = !n also doe ! same rayes passe ?r\gh h]1 & !re=e 9 all likelihood %\ld produce ! same effect1 & not)/&+ ^? beames are !n div]t$ f u1 t !y _c ent] into our eyes by a /reight l9e1 yet mu/ ! col\r /ill rema9e visible 9 h] body1#a & besides accord+ to ?is op9ion1 ! spots w\ld n alwaies be ! same1 b div]s1 z ! v>i\s di/ance ( ! ,sunne requires4 ,aga9e1 if ! ,sunne-beames did passe ?r\gh h]1 :y !n ha? %e n a taile z ! ,comets8 :y do? %e appe>e 9 su* an exact r\nd8 & n r att5d$ ) a long flame1 s9ce x is me]ely ?is p5etration ( ! ,sunne beames t is usually attribut$ to be ! cause ( be>ds 9 blaz+ />res4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,scalig] ex]cit4 #hj4 #ac4 #c4 ,x is opac\s1 n transp>5t or diaphan\s l ,*ry/all or glasse1#a z ,emp$ocles ?\ght1 :o held ! ,moone to bee a globe ( pure congeal$ aire1 l haile inclos$ 9 a sphe>e ( fire1 = !n4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut4 de fa4 lun4 #a4 ,:y does %ee n alwaies appe>e 9 ! full8 s9ce ! light is disp]s$ ?r\gh all h] body8 #b4 ,h[ c ! int]position ( h] body s d>k5 ! ,sun1 or cause su* great eclipses z h turn$ day into night1#a t h discov]$ ! />s1 & fright$ ! birds ) su* a sudd5 d>knesse1 t !y fell d[ne ^u ! e>?1 z x is relat$ 9 div]s ,hi/ories8 ,& !re=e ,h]odotus tell+ ( an ,eclipse :i* fell 9 ,x]xes "t1 describes x ?us3#b 4 ,! ,sunne leav+ 8 wont$ seate 9 ! heav5s1 vani%$ away3 all :i* argues su* a great d>knesse1 z c\ld n h be5e1 if h] body _h be5e p]spicu\s4 ,yet "s !re are :o int]pret all ^! relations to bee hyp]bolicall expressions1 & ! noble ,ty*o ?9kes x naturally impossible1 t any eclipse %\ld cause su* d>knesse1 because ! body ( ! ,moone c nev] totally cov] ! ,sunne2 h[ev]1 9 ?is he is s+ul>1 all o!r ,a/ronom]s 7if ,i may believe ,kepl>7 be+ on ! contr>y op9ion1 by reason ! ,diamet] ( ! ,moone does = ! mo/ "p appe>e bigg] to u !n ! ,diamet] ( ! ,sunne4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,?ucid4 ,livii4 ,plut4 de fa4 ,lun4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,h]odot4 l4 #g c4 #cg4 ,b "h ,julius ,cs>#a once m1 puts 9 to h9d] our passage4 ,! ,moone 7sai? he7 is n altoge!r opac\s1 because 'tis /ill ( ! same nature ) ! ,heav5s1 :i* are incapable ( totall opacity3 & 8 reason is1 because p]spicuity is an insep>able accid5t ( ^? pur] bodies1 & ?is hee ?9kes mu/ necess>ily bee grant$1 = hee /ops !re1 & proves no fur!r2 b to ?is ,i %all def]re an answ]e1 till hee ha? made up 8 argum5t4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de phnom4 ,lun4 c4 #aa4 ,we may frequ5tly see1 t h] body does s eclipse ! ,sunne1 z our e>? do? ! ,moone2 s9ce !n ! l int]position ( !m bo?1 do? produce ! l effect1 !y mu/ necess>ily be ( ! l natures1 t is a l opac\s1 :i* is ! ?+ to be %ew$2 & ?is 0 ! reason 7z ! ,int]pret]s guesse7 :y ,ari/otle affirm$ ! ,moone to be ( ! e>?s nature1#a because ( _! agreem5t 9 opacity1 :]eas all ! o!r elem5ts save t1 are 9 "s measure p]spicu\s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,9 lib4 de animalib4 ,b ! greate/ diff]5ce :i* may seeme to make our e>? altoge!r unlike ! ,moone1 is1 because ! "o is a bright body1 & ha? light ( its owne1 & ! o!r a grosse d>k body :i* _c %9e at all4 ',tis requisite !re=e1 t 9 ! next place ,i cle>e ?is d\bt1 & %ew t ! ,moone ha? no m light ( h] owne ?an our e>?4 ,proposition #e4 ,t ! ,moone ha? n any light ( h] owne4 ,twas ! fancy ( "s ( ! ,jewes1 & m especially ( ,rabbi ,simeon1 t ! ,moone 0 no?+ else b a contract$ ,sunne1#a & t bo? ^? planets at _! fir/ creation 7 equall bo? 9 light & quantity1 = because ,god did !n call !m bo? great lights1 !re=e !y inf]r$1 t !y mu/ be bo? equall 9 bignesse4 ,b a :ile aft] 7z ! tradition goes7 ! ambiti\s ,moone put up h] compla9t to ,god aga9/ ! ,sunne1 %ew+1 t x 0 n fit !re %\ld be two su* great lights 9 ! heav5s1 a ,mon>*y w\ld be/ become ! place ( ord] & h>mony4 ,^u ?is ,god comm&$ h] to contract h] selfe into a n>r[] compasse1 b %e be+ mu* discont5t$ h]eat1 replies1 ,:at6 because ,i h spok5 t :i* is reason & equity1 mu/ ,i !re=e be dim9i%$8 ,?is s5t5ce c\ld n *use b mu* tr\ble h]2 & = ?is reason 0 %ee 9 mu* di/resse & griefe = a long space1 b t h] sorr[ might be "s way pacifi$1 ,god bid h] be ( good *e]e1 because h] privil$ges & *>et %\ld be great] !n ! ,suns1 he %\ld appe>e 9 ! day timeonely1 %ee bo? 9 ! day & night1 b h] melan*oly be+ n satisfi$ ) ?is1 %ee reply$ aga9e1 t t alas 0 no b5efit1 = 9 ! day-"t %e %\ld be ei!r n se5e1 or n not$4 ,:]e=e1 ,god to com=t h] up1 promis$1 t 8 p ! ,israelites %\ld celebrate all _! fea/s & holy daies by a computation ( h] mone?s1 b ?is be+ n able to cont5t h]1 %ee has look$ v melan*oly ev] s9ce2 h[ev] %ee ha? /ill res]v$ mu* light ( h] owne4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,to/atus 9 #a4 ,g54 ,hi]on4 de #e4 ,hide4 ,hebronia l4 #b4 c4 #d4 ,o!rs !re 71 t did ?9ke ! ,moone to be a r\nd globe1 ! "o halfe ( :ole body 0 ( a bright sub/ance1 ! o!r halfe be+ d>ke1 & ! div]s conv]sions ( ^? sides t[>ds our eyes1 caus$ ! v>iety ( h] appe>ances3 ( ?is op9ion 0 ,b]osus1 z he is cit$ by ,vitruvius1#a & ,/4 ,au/9#b ?\ght x 0 probable en\gh1 b ?is fancy is almo/ equally absurd ) ! =m]1 & bo? ( !m s\nd r l fables1 !n philosophicall tru?s4 ,y may commonly see h[ ?is latt] does contradict frequ5t & easie exp]i5ce1 = 'tis obs]v$1 t t spot :i* is p]ceiv$ ab\t h] middle1 :5 %e is 9 ! increase1 may be disc]n'd 9 ! same place :5 %e is 9 ! ful3 :5ce x mu/ foll[1 t ! same "p :i* 0 be=e d>k5$1 is aft] inlight5$1 & t ! "o "p is n alwaies d>ke1 & ! o!r light ( x selfe1 b en\gh ( ?is1 ,i w\ld be lo? to make an enemy1 t ,i may aft]w>ds ov]come him1 or be/[ "t 9 prov+ t :i* is already grant$4 ,i suppose n[1 t nei!r ( !m ha? any patrons1 & !re=e ne$ no confutation4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,lib4 #i4 ,ar*itectur4 ,sid5ote #b3 9 en>rat4 ,psalmorum4 ',tis agre$ ^u by all sides1 t ?is ,planet receives mo/ ( h] light f ! ,sunne1 b ! *iefe controv]sie is1 :e!r or no %e ha? any ( h] owne8 ,! great] multitude affirme ?is4 ,c>dan among/ ! re/1 is v confid5t ( x1 & he ?9kes t if any ( u 7 9 ! ,moone at ! "t ( h] greate/ eclipse1#a ,lunam aspic]emus non secus ac innum]is c]eis spl5didissimis acc5sis1 atque 9 eas oculis defixis ccutiremus2 8wee %\ld p]ceive s great a brightnesse ( h] owne1 t w\ld bl9d u ) ! me]e sight10 & :5 %ee is enlight5$ by ! ,sunne1 !n no eagles eye if !re 7 any !re1 is able to looke ^u h]4 ,?is ,c>dan saies1 & hee do? b say x )\t br++ any pro(e = its confirmation4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w set d[ne ! argum5ts t are usually urg$ = ?is op9ion1 & !y are tak5 ei!r f ,scripture or reason2 f ,scripture is urg$ t place1 #a ,cor4 #ae4 :]e x is said1 ,!re is "o glory ( ! ,sunne1 & ano!r glory ( ! ,moone4 ,vlysses ,alb]gettus urges1 t 9 ,ma?4 #bd4 #bb4 1 ,! ,moone %all n give h] light3 !re=e 7saies he7 %e ha? "s ( h] owne4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,subtil4 lib4 #c4 ,b to ^! wee may easily answ] t ! glory & light !re spok5 (1 may be said to be h]s1 ?\gh x be d]iv$1 z y may see 9 _m o!r in/ances4 ,! argum5ts f reason are tak5 ei!r #a4 ,f t light :i* is disc]n$ 9 h]1 :5 !re is a totall eclipse ( h] owne body1 or ( ! ,sunne4 #b4 ,= ! light :i* is disc]n$ 9 ! d>k] "p ( h] body1 :5 %e is b a little di/ant f ! ,sunne4 #a4 ,= :5 !re are any totall eclipses1 !re appe>es 9 h] body a great r$nesse1 & _m times light en\gh to cause a rem>keable %ade1 z common exp]i5ce do? suffici5tly manife/3 b ?is _c come f ! ,sunne1 s9ce at su* times ei!r ! e>?1 or h] owne body %ades h] f ! ,sun-beames1 !re=e x mu/ proce$e f h] owne light4 #b4 ,two or ?ree daies aft] ! new ,moone1 wee may p]ceive light 9 h] :ole body1 :]eas ! rayes ( ! ,sun reflect b ^u a small "p ( t :i* is visible1 !re=e 'tis likely t !re is "s light ( h] owne4 ,9 answ]+ to ^! objections1 ,i %all fir/ %ew1 t ?is light _c be h] owne1 & !n decl>e t :i* is ! true reason ( x4 ,t x is n h] own1 appe>es #a4 ,f ! v>iety ( x at div]s times2 = 'tis commonly obs]v$1 t sometimes 'tis ( a bright]1 sometimes ( a d>k] appe>ance1 n[ r$d]1 & at ano!r "t ( a m duski% col\r4 ,! obs]vation ( ?is v>iety 9 div]s eclipses1 y may see set d[ne by ,kepl>#a & _m o!rs1 b n[ ?is c\ld n be if t light 7 h] owne1 t be+ con/antly ! same1 & )\t any reason ( su* an alt]ation3 ,s t ?us ,i may argue4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,opt4 ,a/ron4 c4 #g4 num4 #c4 ,if !re 7 any light prop] to ! ,moone1 !n w\ld t ,planet appe>e brighte/ :5 %e is eclipi$ 9 h] ,p]ige1 be+ ne]e/ to ! e>?1 & s consequ5tly m obscure & duski% :5 %e is 9 h] ,apoge or f>!/ f x2 ! reason is1 because ! ne]] any enlight5$ body comes to ! sight1 by s mu* ! m /rong are ! species & ! bett] p]ceiv$4 ,?is sequell is grant$ by "s ( our adv]s>ies1 & !y are ! v words ( noble ,ty*o1#a ,si luna g5u9o gaud]et lum9e1 utique cum 9 umbra t]r esset1 illud non amitt]et1 s$ e evid5tis ex]]et1 omne enim lum5 9 t5ebris1 plus spl5det cum alio majore fulgore non prp$itur4 ,if ! ,moone _h any light ( h] owne1 !n w\ld %e n lose x 9 ! e>?s %ad[1 b r %9e m cle>ely1 s9ce e light appe>es great] 9 ! d>ke1 :5 x is n h9d]$ by a m p]spicu\s brightnesse4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de nova /ella lib4 #a4 c4 #aj4 ,b n[ ! ev5t falls out cleane contr>y1 7z obs]vation do? manife/1 & our opposites !mselves doe grant7#a ! ,moone appe>+ ) a m r$di% & cle>e light :5 %e is eclips$ be+ 9 h] ,apoge or f>!/ di/ance1 & a m blacki% yron col\r :5 %e is 9 h] ,p]ige or ne]e/ to u1 !re=e %ee ha? n any light ( h] owne4 ,nor may we ?9ke t ! e>?s %ad[ c cl\d ! prop] light ( ! ,moone f appe>+1 or take away any ?+ f h] inh]5t brightnesse1 = ?is 7 to ?9ke a %ad[ to be a body1 an op9ion altoge!r mis-becomm+ a ,philosoph]1 z ,ty*o grants 9 ! =e-cit$ place1 ,nec umbra t]r corporeum quid e/1 aut d5sa aliqua sub/antia1 aut lun lum5 obt5ebr>e possit1 atque id visui no/ro prrip]e1 s$ e/ qudam privatio lum9is sol>is1 ob int]positum opacum corpus t]r4 ,nor is ! e>?s %ad[ any corporall ?+1 or ?icke sub/ance1 t x c cl\d ! ,moones brightnesse1 or take x away f our sight1 b x is a me]e privation ( ! ,suns light1 by reason ( ! int]position ( ! e>?s opac\s body4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,re9hold comm5t4 9 ,purb4 ,!or4 pag4 #afd4 #b4 ,if %ee _h any light ( h] owne !n t w\ld 9 x selfe be1 ei!r su* a ruddy brightnesse z appe>es 9 ! eclipses1 or else su* a lead5 duski% light z wee see 9 ! d>k] p>ts ( h] body1 :5 %ee is a little pa/ ! conjunction4 7,t x mu/ be "o ( ^! may foll[ f ! opposite argum5ts7 b x is nei!r ( ^!1 !re=e %e ha? none ( h] owne4 #a4 ',tis n su* a ruddy light z appe>es 9 eclipses1 = !n :y c wee n see ! l r$nesse1 :5 wee may disc]ne ! obscur] p>ts ( ! ,moone8 ,y w say1 p]haps1 t !n ! ne]5esse ( t great] light1 takes away t appe>ance4 ,i reply1 ?is _c be1 = !n :y does ,m>s %9e ) 8 wont$ r$nesse1 :5 he is ne]e ! ,moone8 or :y _c h] great] brightnesse make him appe>e :ite z ! o!r ,planets8 nor c !re be any reason giv5 :y t great] light %\ld repres5t h] body "u a false col\r4 #b4 ',tis n su* a duski% lead5 light1 z we see 9 ! d>k] "p ( h] body1 :5 %ee is ab\t a sextile ,aspect di/ant f ! ,sunne1 = !n :y does %ee appe>e r$ 9 ! eclipses1 s9ce ! m %ade _c *oose su* v>iety1 = 'tis ! nature ( d>knesse by its opposition1 r to make ?+s appe>e ( a m :ite & cle>e brightnesse !n !y are 9 !mselves1 or if x be ! %ade1 yet ^? p>ts ( ! ,moone are !n 9 ! %ade ( h] body1 & !re=e 9 reason %\ld h ! l r$nesse4 ,s9ce !n nei!r ( ^! lights are h]s1 x foll[es t %e ha? none ( h] owne4 ,nor is ?is a s+ul> op9ion1 b x ha? _h _m le>n$ patrons1 su* 0 ,macrobius1#a :o be+ = ?is quot$ ( ,rhodig9us1 he calls him vir reconditissim sci5ti1#b a man :o knew m ?an ord9>y ,philosoph]s1 ?us comm5d+ ! op9ion 9 ! cr$it ( ! ,au?\r4 ,to him ass5ts ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 ^u :om ! glosse ha? ?is comp>ison4#c ,z ! ,look+-glasse repres5ts n any image )9 x selfe1 unlesse x receive "s f )\t2 s ! ,moone ha? n any light1 b :at is be/[$ by ! ,sun4 ,to ^! agre$ ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,scalig]1 ,msl91 & m especially ,mulap]tius1#d ^: words are m pat to ! purpose !n o!rs1 & !re=e ,i %all set !m d[ne z y may f9de !m 9 8 ,preface to 8 ,treatise conc]n+ ! ,au/riaca syd]a2 ,luna1 ,v5us1 ,m]curius1 t]re/ris humid sunt sub/anti ideoque de suo non luc]e1 sicut nec t]ra4 ,! ,moone1 ,v5us1 & ,m]curie 7sai? he7 are ( an e>?ly & moy/ sub/ance1 & !re=e h no m light ( _! owne1 !n ! e>? ha?4 ,nay1 "s !re are :o ?9ke t all ! o!r ,/>res doe receive t light1 :]eby !y appe>e visible to u f ! ,sunne1 s ,ptolomie1 ,isidore ,hispal5sis1 ,alb]tus ,magnus & ,b$e1 mu* m !n mu/ ! ,moone %9e ) a borr[$ light4#e ,sid5ote #a3 ,somn4 ,scip4 l4 #a4 c4 #bj4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,lect4 antiq4 l4 #a4 c4 #ae4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,9 lib4 de natur4 r]um4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,de #dr4 ,covis4 ,q4 #d4 ,art4 #ba4 ,ex]cit4 #fb4 #a4 ,epitome4 ,a/ron4 lib4 #d4 p4 #b4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,orig9um l4 #c4 c4 #fj4 ,de ,clo4 l4 #b4 ,de ratione tempor4 c4 #d4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,i h n[ suffici5tly %ew$ :at at ! fir/ ,i promis$1 t ?is light is n prop] to ! ,moone4 ,x rema9es 9 ! next place1 t ,i tell y ! true reason ( x4 ,& "h1 ,i ?9ke 'tis probable t ! light :i* appe>es 9 ! ,moone at ! eclipses is no?+ else b ! second species ( ! ,sunnes rayes :i* passe ?r\gh ! %ad[ unto h] body3 & f a mixture ( ?is second light ) ! %ad[1 arises t r$nesse :i* at su* times appe>es unto u4 ,i may call x ,lum5 crepusculum1 ! ,aurora ( ! ,moone1 or su* a k9de ( blu%+ light1 t ! ,sunne causes :5 he is ne]e 8 ris+1 :5 he be/[es "s small light ^u ! ?ick] vap\rs4 ,?us wee see commonly ! ,sunne be+ 9 ! ,horizon1 & ! reflexion gr[+ weake1 h[ 8 beames make ! wat]s appe>e v r$4 ,! ,moabites 9 ,iehorams "t :5 !y rose e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & beheld ! wat]s a f>re (f1 mi/ooke !m = blood4#a ,et causa hujus e/1 quia radius sol>is 9 aurora contrahit qu&am rub$9em1 propt] vapores combu/os man5tes circa sup]ficiem t]r1 p] quos radii transeunt1 ideo cum rep]cutiantur 9 aqua ad oculos no/ros1 trahunt secum eundem ruborem1 faciunt app>]e locum aqu>um1 9 quo e/ rep]cussio esse rubrum1 sai? ,to/atus4#b ,! reason is1 because ( 8 rayes1 :i* be+ 9 ! l[] vap\rs1 ^? doe convey an imp]fect mix$ light ^u ! wat]s4 ,?us ! ,moone be+ 9 ! e>?s %ad[1 & ! ,sunne beames :i* are r\nd ab\t x1 n be+ able to come directly unto h] body1 yet "s second raies !re are1 :i* pass+ ?r\gh ! %ad[1 make h] appe>e 9 t ruddy col\r3 ,s t %e mu/ appe>e brighte/1 :5 %ee is eclips$1 be+ 9 h] ,apoge1 ( greate/ di/ance f u1 because !n ! cone ( ! e>?s %ad[ is lesse1 & ! refraction is made ?r\gh a n>r[] m$ium4 ,s on ! contr>y1 %e mu/ be repres5t$ "u a m d>ke & obscure =me :5 %e is eclips$1 be+ 9 h] ,p]ige1 or ne]e/ to ! e>?1 because !n %e is involv$ 9 a great] %ad[1 or bigg] "p ( ! cone1 & s ! refraction pass+ ?r\gh a great] m$ium1 ! light mu/ ne$es be weak] :i* do? proce$ f x4 ,if y aske n[ :at ! reason may be ( t light :i* we disc]ne 9 ! d>k] "p ( ! new ,moone3 ,i answ]1 'tis reflect$ f our e>? :i* returnes z great a brightnesse to t ,planet1 z x receives f x4 ,?is ,i %all h occasion to prove aft]w>d4 ,sid5ote #a3 #b ,k+4 #c4 #bb4 ,sid5ote #b3 #b4 ,qu/4 9 hoc cap4 ,i h n[ done ) ^! propositions :i* 7 set d[ne to cle>e ! passage1 & confirme ! suppositions impli$ 9 ! op9ion1 ,i %all 9 ! next place proce$ to a m direct treat+ ( ! *iefe matt] 9 h&4 ,proposition #f4 ,t !re is a _w 9 ! ,moone1 ha? be5e ! direct op9ion ( _m anci5t1 ) "s mod]ne ,ma!maticians1 & may probably be d$uc$ f ! t55ts ( o!rs4 ,s9ce ?is op9ion may be suspect$ ( s+ul>ity1 ,i %all !re=e fir/ confirme x by suffici5t au?ority ( div]s au?\rs1 bo? anci5t & mod]ne1 t s ,i may ! bett] cle>e x f ! prejudice ei!r ( an up/>t fancy1 or an absolute err\r4 ,?is is by "s attribut$ to ,orpheus1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ,greeke ,poets1 :o speak+ ( ! ,moone1 saies ?us1 1 1 1#a ,t x ha? _m m\nta9es & cities1 & h\ses 9 x4 ,to him ass5t$ ,x5ophanes1 ,anaxagoras1 ,democritus1 & ,h]aclitus1#b all :o ?\ght x to h firme solid gr\nd1 l to our e>?1#c conta9+ 9 x _m l>ge fields1 *ampion gr\nds1 & div]s inhabitants1 unto ^! agre$ ,py?agoras1 :o ?\ght t our e>? 0 b "o ( ! ,planets :i* mov$ r\nd ab\t ! ,sunne1#d 7z ,ari/otle relates x ( him7 & ! ,py?agoreans 9 g5]all did affirme1 t ! ,moone also 0 t]re/riall1 t %e 0 inhabit$ z ?is l[] _w4 ,t ^? liv+ creatures plants :i* are 9 h]1 exce$ any ( ! l k9d ) u 9 ! same proportion1 z _! daies are long] ?an ours3 viz4 by #ae times4 ,?is ,py?agoras#e 0 e/eem$ by all1 ( a mo/ div9e wit1 z appe>es especially by 8 valuation among/ ! ,romans :o be+ cm&$ by ! ,oracle to erect a /atue to ! wise/ ,grecian1 ! ,s5ate det]m9$#f ,py?agoras to be meant1 pref]r+ him 9 _! judgem5ts be=e ! div9e ,socrates1 :om _! ,gods pron\nc'd ! wise/4 ,"s ?9k him a ,iew by bir?1 b mo/ agree t hee 0 mu* conv]sant among/ ! le>n$] sort1 ,prie/s ( t ,nation1 by :om he 0 in=m$ ( _m secrets1 & p]haps1 ?is op9ion1 :i* he v5t$ aft]w>ds 9 ,greece1 :]e he 0 mu* oppos$ by ,ari/otle 9 "s word$ disputations1 b nev] confut$ by any solid reason4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut4 de plac4 phil4 l4 #b4 c4 #ac4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,ibid4 c4 #be4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,diog4 ,la]t4 l4 #b4 l4 #i4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,de ,clo4 l4 #b4 cap4 #ac4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,plut4 ibid4 cap4 #cj4 ,sid5ote #f3 ,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 l4 #cd4 cap4 #f4 ,to ?is op9ion ( ,py?agoras did ,plato also ass5t1 :5 hee consid]$ t !re 0 ! l eclipse made by ! e>?1 & ?is1 t x _h no light ( its owne1 t x 0 s full ( spots4 ,& !re=e wee may (t5 reade 9 him & 8 foll[]s1#a ( an !rea t]ra1 & lun>es populi1 an !reall e>?1 & inhabit]s 9 ! ,moone2 b aft]w>ds ?is 0 mix$ ) _m ridicul\s fancies3 = "s ( !m consid]+ ! my/]ies impli$ 9 ! numb] #c4 conclud$ t !re mu/ necess>ily bee a ,tr9ity ( worlds1 :]e( ! fir/ is ?is ( ours1 ! second 9 ! ,moone ^: elem5t ( wat] is repres5t$ by ! sphe>e ( ,m]cury1 ! aire by ,u5us1 & ! fire by ! ,sunne4 ,& t ! :ole ,univ]se might ! bett] end 9 e>? z x began1 !y h contriv$ x1 t ,m>s %all be a sphe>e ( ! fire1 ,iupit] ( aire1 ,saturne ( wat]2 & above all ^!1 ! ,elysian fields1 spaci\s & pleasant places appo9t$ = ! habitation ( ^? unspott$ s\les1 t ei!r nev] 7 imprison$ 91 or else n[ h fre$ !mselves f any comm]ce ) ! body4 ,scalig]#b speak+ ( ?is ,platonicke fancie1 qu 9 tres tri5tes mundum quasi assem divisit1 ?9ks 'tis confutation en\gh1 to say1 'tis ,plato's4 ,h[ev] = ! fir/ "p ( ?is ass]tion1 x 0 ass5t$ unto by _m o!rs1 & by reason ( ! grossnesse & inequality ( ?is planet1 'twas frequ5tly call$ quasi t]ra cle/is1 z be+ e/eem$ ! s$im5t & m imp]fect "p ( ^? pur] bodies1 y may see ?is prov$ by ,plut>*1#c 9 t delightfull "w :i* he prop]ly made = ! confirmition ( ?is p>ticul>4 ,) him agre$ ,alc9\s#d & ,plot9us1 lat] ,writ]s4 ,unto ^! ,i might also adde ! imp]fect te/imony ( ,mahomet1 ^: au?ority ( grant c adde b little cr$it to ?is op9ion1 because hee 0 an ignorant impo/]1 b yet consid] t orig9all1 f :5ce hee d]iv$ mo/ ( 8 k1 & !n1 p]haps1 8 witnesse may c>ry ) x "s probablity4 ,he is commonly ?\ght by bir? to be an ,ismaelite1 be+ in/ruct$ by ! ,jewes 9 ! secrets ( _! ,philosophy1#e & p]haps1 le>n$ ?is f ^? ,rabbies1 = 9 8 ,alc>on1 hee talkes mu* ( m\nta9es1 pleasant fields1 & cle>e riv]s 9 ! heav5s1 b because he 0 = ! ma9e v unle>n$1 he 0 n able to deliv] any ?+ s di/9ctly z he 0 in=m$4#f ,! ,c>d9all ,cusanus & ,iorn&us ,bunus1 held a p>ticul> _w 9 e ,/>re1 & !re=e "o ( !m def9+ our e>?1 he saies1 x is /ella qudam nobilis1 qu lunam calorem influ5tiam habet aliam1 div]sam ab omnibus aliis /ellis2 a 8noble />re hav+ a di/9ct light1 heat & influ5ce f all ! re/40 ,unto ?is ,ni*ol4 ,hill1 a c\ntry man ( ours 0 incl9$1 :5 he said ,a/rea t]r natura probabilis e/3 8,t 'tis probable ! e>? ha? a />ry nature40#g ,sid5ote #a3 ,plat4 de conviviis4 ,macrob4 ,somn4 ,scip4 lib4 #a4 ca4 #aa4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,ex]cit4 #fb4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,de facie ,lun4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,in/it4 ad discip4 ,plat4 ,cl4 ,rhodig4 l4 #a4 c4 #d4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,azo>a4 #eg4 #fe4 ,sid5ote #f3 ,cusa4 de doct4 ign4 l4 #b4 cap4 #ab4 ,sid5ote #g3 ,philos4 epicur4 "p4 #dcd4 ,b ! op9ion :i* ,i h "h deliv]$ 0 m directly prov$ by ,msl91 ,kepl>1 & ,galilu1 ea* ( !m late writ]s1 & fam\s m5 = _! s+ul> skill 9 ,a/ronomy4#a ,z = ^? workes ( ,msl9 & ,kepl> :]e9 !y doe m expresly treate ( ?is op9ion1 ,i h n yet _h ! happ9esse to see !m4 ,h[ev] _! op9ions appe>e pla9e en\gh f _! owne writ+s1 & ! te/imony ( o!rs conc]n+ !m4 ,b ,iulius ,cs>1 :om ,i h above quot$1 speak+ ( _! te/imony :om ,i n[ cite = ?is op9ion1#b viz4 ,kepl> & ,galilu affirmes t to 8 k !y did b je/ 9 ^? ?+s :i* !y write conc]n+ ?is1 & z = any su* _w1 he assur$ly kn[es !y nev] s mu* z dreamt ( x4 ,b ,i _h r believe _! owne words1 !n 8 pret5d$ k4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,9 ,!sibus diss]tatio cum ,nic4 ,hill4 ,nuncius ,syd]eus4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,de phnom4 lun4 c4 #d4 ',tis true inde$1 9 _m ?+s !y doe b trifle1 b = ! ma9e scope ( ^? disc\rses1 'tis z manife/ !y s]i\sly meant x1 z any indiff]5t ,read] may easily disc]ne2 o!rwise sure ,campanella 7a man z well acqua9t$ ) 8 op9ion1 & p]haps 8 p]son z ,cs> 07 w\ld nev] h writ an apologie = him4 ,& besides 'tis v likely if x _h be5e b a je/1 ,galilu w\ld nev] h suff]$ s mu* = x z aft]w>ds he did4 ,b z = ! k :i* hee pret5ds1 y may guesse :at x 0 by 8 confid5ce 7,i say n presumption7 9 o!r ass]tions1 & 8 boldnesse#a 9 !m may well d]ogate f 8 cr$it 9 ?is4 ,= speak+ ( ,ptolome's ,hypo!sis he pron\nces ?is v]dict1 ,impossibile e/ exc5tricorum epicyclorum positio1 nec aliquis e/ ex ,ma!maticis adeo /ultus qui v]am illam exi/imet4 8,! position ( ,exc5tricks & ,epicycles is altoge!r impossible1 nor is !re any ,ma!matician su* a foole z to ?9ke x true40 ,i %\ld guesse hee c\ld n h k en\gh to ma9ta9e any o!r ,hypo!sis :o 0 s ignorant 9 ,ma!maticks1 z to d5y t any good ,au?\r held ?is4 ,= ,i w\ld fa9e "k :e!r !re 7 nev] any t ?\ght ! ,heav5s to be solid bodies1 & t !re 7 su* k9des ( motion z is by ^? fe9$ ,orbes supply$2 if s1 !n ,cs> la ,galla 0 mu* mi/ak54 ,i ?9ke 8 ass]tions are equally true1 t ,galilu & ,kepl> did n hold ?is1 & t !re 7 none :i* ev] held t o!r4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,cap4 #g4 ,b 9 my foll[+ disc\rse ,i %all mo/ insi/ on ! obs]vation ( ,galilu1 ! inv5t\r ( t fam\s p]spective1 :]eby we may disc]ne ! heav5s h>d by u1 :]eby ^? ?+s :i* o!rs h =m]ly gue/ at are manife/$ to ! eye1 & pla9ely discov]$ beyond exception or d\bt1 ( :i* admirable inv5tion1 ^! latt] ages ( ! _w may ju/ly boa/1 & = ?is expect to be celebrat$ by po/]ity4 ',tis relat$ ( ,eudoxus1 t hee wi%$ himselfe burnt ) ,phaeton1 s he might /& ov] ! ,sunne to contemplate its nature2 _h hee liv$ 9 ^! daies1 he might h enjoy$ 8 wi% at an easie rate1 & scal+ ! heav5s by ?is glasse1 might pla9ely h disc]n$ :at hee s mu* desir$4 ,kepl> consid]+ ^? /range discov]ies :i* ?is p]spective _h made1 c\ld n *oose b cry out 9 a & rapture ( admiration4 ,o multiscium quovis sceptro pretiosius p]spicillum6 an qui te dextra t5et1 ille non dom9us con/ituatur op]um ,dei8 ,& ,johannes ,fabricius#a an elegant writ]1 speak+ ( ! same glasse1 & = ?is inv5tion pref]r+ our age be=e ^? =m] times ( great] ignorance1 saies ?us2 ,adeo sumus sup]iores vet]ibus1 ut quam illi c>m9is magici pronunciatu de missam repres5tsse putantur nos non tantum innoc5t] demittamus1 s$ etiam famili>i quodam intuitu ejus quasi conditionem intueamur4 8,s mu* are wee above ! anci5ts1 t :]eas !y 7 fa9e by _! magical *>ms to repres5t ! ,moones approa*1 wee _c onely br+ h] l[] ) a great] innoc5ce1 b may also ) a m famili> view behold h] condition40 ,& because y %all h no occasion to "q ! tru? ( ^? exp]im5ts1 :i* ,i %al aft]w>ds urge f x2 ,i w !re=e set d[ne ! te/imony ( an enemy1 & su* a witnesse ha? alwaies be5e acc\nt$ preval5t3 y may see x 9 ! abov5am$ ,cs> la ,galla1#b ^: words are ^!3 ,m]curium caduceum ge/antem1 cle/ia nunci>e1 mortuorum animas ab inf]is revac>e sapi5s f9xit antiquitas4 ,galilum v] novum ,iovis int]pretem ,telescopio caduco in/ructum ,syd]a ap]ire1 vet]um ,philosophorum manes ad sup]os revoc>e sol]s no/ra tas videt admiratur4 ,wise antiquity fabl$ ,m]cury c>ry+ a rodde 9 8 h& to relate newes f ,heav51 & call backe ! s\les ( ! dead1 b x ha? be5e ! happ9esse ( our indu/ri\s age to see & admire ,galilu ! new ,embassad\r ( ! ,gods furni%$ ) 8 p]spective to unfold ! nature ( ! ,/>res1 & awak5 ! gho/s ( ! anci5t ,philosoph]s4 ,s wor?ily & highly did ^! m5 e/eeme ( ?is excell5t inv5tion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de macula 9 sole obs]4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,de phnom4 c4 #a4 ,n[ if y w\ld "k :at might be done by ?is glasse1 9 ! sight ( su* ?+s z 7 ne]] at h&1 ! same ,au?\r w tell y1#a :5 hee sayes1 t by x ^? ?+s :i* c\ld sc>ce at all bee disc]n$ by ! eye at ! di/ance ( a mile & a halfe1 might pla9ely & di/9ctly bee p]ceiv$ = #af ,italian miles1 & t z !y 7 really 9 !mselves1 )\t any transposition or falsify+ at all4 ,s t :at ! anci5t ,poets 7 fa9e to put 9 a fable1 our m happy age ha? f\nd out 9 a tru?1 & we may disc]ne z f>re ) ^! eyes :i* ,galilu ha? be/[$ ^u u1 z ,lynceus c\ld ) ^? :i* ! ,poets attribut$ unto him4 ,b if y yet d\bt :e!r all ^! obs]vations 7 true1 ! same ,au?\r may confirme y1#b :5 hee saies !y 7 %ew$1 ,non uni aut alt]i1 s$ quamplurimis1 neque greg>iis hom9ibus1 s$ prcipuis atque discipl9is omnibus1 necnon ,ma!maticis opticis prceptis1 optim in/ructis s$ul ac dilig5ti inspectione4 8,n to "o or two1 b to v _m1 & ^? n ord9>y m51 b to ^? :o 7 well v]s'd 9 ,ma!matickes & ,opticks1 & t n ) a me]e glance b ) a s$ul\s & dilig5t inspection40 ,& lea/ any scruple might rema9e unansw]$1 or y might ?9ke ! m5 :o beheld all ?is ?\gh !y might be skilfull1 yet !y came ) cr$ul\s m9ds1 & s 7 m easie to be delud$4 ,he addes t x 0 %ew$1#c vius qui ad exp]im5ta hc contradic5di animo access]ant4 8,to su* z 7 come ) a great deale ( prejudice1 & an int5t ( contradiction40 ,?us y may see ! c]ta9ety ( ^? exp]im5ts :i* 7 tak5 by ?is glasse4 ,i h spok5 ! m conc]n+ x1 because ,i %all borr[ _m ?+s 9 my f>!r disc\rse1 f ^? discov]ies :i* 7 made by x4 ,sid5ote #a3 ibid4 c4 #e4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,cap4 #a4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,cap4 #e4 ,i h n[ cit$ su* ,au?ors bo? anci5t & mod]ne1 :o h directly ma9ta9$ ! same op9ion4 ,i told y likewise 9 ! proposition t x might probably be d$uc$ f ! t55t ( o!rs3 su* 7 ,ari/>*us1 ,philolaus & ,cop]nicus1 ) _m o!r lat] writ]s :o ass5t$ to _! hypo!sis1 s ,ioa*4 ,rlelicus1 ,david ,origanus1 ,lansb]gius1 ,guil4 ,gilb]t1 & 7if ,i may believe ,campanella#a7 ,innum]i alii ,angli ,galli4 ,v _m o!rs bo? ,engli% & ,fr5*1 all :o affirm$ our ,e>? to be "o ( ! ,planets1 & ! ,sunne to bee ! ,c5tre ( all1 ab\t :i* ! heav5ly bodies did move1 & h[ horrid soev] ?is may seeme at ! fir/1 yet is x likely en\gh to be true1 nor is !re any maxime or obs]vation 9 ,opticks 7sai? ,p5a7 t c disprove x4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,apologia pro ,galilo4 ,n[ if our e>? 7 "o ( ! ,planets 7z x is accord+ to !m7 !n :y may n ano!r ( ! ,planets be an e>?8 ,?us h ,i %ew$ y ! tru? ( ?is proposition3 ,be=e ,i proce$e f>!r1 'tis requisite t ,i in=me ! ,read]1 :at me?od ,i %all foll[ 9 ! prov+ ( ?is *iefe ass]tion1 t !re is a ,_w 9 ! ,moone4 ,! ord] by :i* ,i %all bee guid$ w be t :i* ,ari/otle#a uses 9 8 booke ,de mundo 7if t booke 7 847 ,sid5ote #a3 #a4 cap4 ad #ajm4 ,fir/1 ( ^? *iefe p>ts :i* are 9 x2 n ! elem5t>y & !reall 7z he do? !re7 s9ce ?is do? n belong to ! elem5t>y controv]sie1 b ( ! ,sea & ,l&1 c4 ,secondly1 1 ( ^? ?+s :i* are extr9secall to x1 z ! seasons1 meteors & inhabitants4 ,proposition #g4 ,t ^? spots & bright] p>ts :i* by our sight may be di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,moone1 doe %ew ! diff]5ce betwixt ! ,sea & ,l& 9 t o!r ,_w4 ,= ! cle>e pro(e ( ?is proposition1 ,i %all fir/ reckon up & refute ! op9ions ( o!rs conc]n+ ! matt] & =me ( ^? spots1 & !n %ew ! great] probability ( ?is pres5t ass]tion1 & h[ agreeable x is to t tru?1 :i* is mo/ commonly receiv$2 z = ! op9ions ( o!r conc]n+ ^!1 !y h be5e v _m1 ,i w only reckon up ^? :i* are common & rem>keable4 ,"s !re are t ?9ke ^? spots doe n arise f any de=mity ( ! p>ts1 b a deceit ( ! eye1 :i* _c at su* a di/ance disc]ne an equall light 9 t planet1 b ^! d b onely say x1 & %ew n any reason = ! pro(e ( _! op9ion3 ,o!rs ?9k#a t !re be "s bodies betwixt ! ,sunne & ,moone1 :i* keep+ (f ! lights 9 "s p>ts1 doe by _! %ad[ produce ^! spots :i* wee !re disc]ne4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,s ,b$e 9 d4 de ,mund4 con/it4 ,o!rs w\ld h !m to be ! figure ( ! m\nta9es "h bel[ repres5t$ !re z 9 a look+-glasse4 ,b none ( ^? fancies c bee true1 because ! spots are /il ! same1 n v>i$ accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( places1 & besides1 ,c>dan ?9ks x is impossible t any image %\ld be convey$ s f>re z !re to be repres5t$ unto u at su* a di/ance1#a b tis commonly relat$ ( ,py?agoras1 t he by writ+1 :at he pleas$ 9 a glasse1 by ! reflexi ( ! same species1 w\ld make ^? lett]s to appe>e 9 ! circle ( ! ,moone1 :]e !y %\ld be legible by any o!r1 :o might at t "t be "s miles di/ant f him4#b99 ,agrippa affirmes ?is to be possible1 & ! way ( p]=m+ x n unkn[ne to himselfe1 ) "s o!rs 9 8 "t4 ,x may be t our ,bi%op did by ! l meanes p]=me ^? /range conclusions :i* hee pr(esses 9 8 ,nuncius inanimatus1 :]e hee pret5ds t hee c in=me 8 fri5ds ( :at he pleases1 ?\gh !y be an hundr$ miles di/ant1 =te etiam1 vel milli>e millesimum1 !y are 8 owne words1 &1 p]haps1 a ?\s&1 & all ?is 9 a m9utes space1 or little m1 quick] ?an ! ,sunne c move4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de subtil4 lib4 #c4 ,sid5ote #b993 ,occulta ad ,philos4 l4 #a4 cap4 #f4 ,n[1 :at conveyance !re %\ld be = s spe$y a passage1 ,i _c conceive1 unlesse x be c>ri$ ) ! light1 !n :i* wee "k n any ?+ quick]2 b ( ?is onely by ! way2 h[ev]1 :e!r ^? images c be repres5t$ s or n1 yet c]ta9e x is1 ^? spots are n su* repres5tations4 ,"s ?9ke t :5 ,god _h at fir/ creat$ too mu* e>? to make a p]fect globe1 n kn[+ well :]e to be/[ ! re/1 he plac$ x 9 ! ,moone1 :i* ev] s9ce ha? s d>k5$ x 9 "s p>ts1 b ! impiety ( ?is is suffici5t confutation1 s9ce x s mu* detracts f ! div9e p[] & wis$ome4 ,! 99#a,/oicks held t planet to be mix$ ( fire & aire1 & 9 _! op9ion1 ! v>iety ( its composition1 caus$ h] spots3 ,anaxagoras ?\ght all ! />res to be ( an e>?ly nature1 mix$ ) "s fire1 & z = ! ,sunne1 hee affirm$ x to be no?+ else b a fi]y /one2 = :i* lat] op9ion1 ! ,a!nians s5t5c'd him to dea?2#b ^? zeal\s ,idolat]s c\nt+ x a great blasphemy1 to make _! ,god a /one1 :]eas n )/&+1 !y 7 s s5slesse 9 _! adoration ( ,idolls1 z to make a /one _! ,god1 ?is ,anaxagoras affirm$ ! ,moone to be m t]re/riall !n ! o!r1 b ( a great] purity !n any ?+ "h bel[1 & ! spots hee ?\ght 7 no?+ else1 b "s cl\dy p>ts1 int]m+l$ ) ! light :i* belong$ to t ,planet1 b ,i h above de/roy$ ! supposition on :i* ?is fancy is gr\nd$3 ,pl9y#c ?9kes !y arise f "s drossie /uffe1 mix$ ) t moy/ure :i* ! ,moone attracts unto h] selfe1 b hee 0 ( _! op9ion1 :o ?\ght ! />res 7 n\ri%$ by "s e>?ly vap\rs1 :i* y may commonly see refut$ 9 ! ,comm5tators on ! bookes1 de ,clo4 ,sid5ote #a993 ,plut4 de placit4 phil4 l4 #b4 c4 #be4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,iosephus l4 #b4 con4 ,app4 ,augu/4 de civit4 ,dei4 l4 #ah4 c4 #da4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,nat4 ,hi/4 lib4 #b4 c4 #i4 ,vitellio & ,re9oldus#a affirme ! spots to be ! ?ick] p>ts ( ! ,moone1 into :i* ! ,sunne _c infuse mu* light1 & ?is 7say !y7 is ! reason1 :y 9 ! ,sunnes eclipses1 ! spots & bright] p>ts are /ill 9 "s measure di/+ui%$1 because ! ,sunne beames are n able s well to p5etrate ?r\gh ^? ?ick]1 z !y may ?r\gh ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! ,planet4 ,( ?is op9ion also 0 ,cs> la ,galla1 ^: words are ^!1#b 8,! ,moone do? !re appe>e cle>e/1 :]e %ee is transpicu\s1 n onely ?r\gh ! sup]ficies1 b ! sub/ance also1 & !re %e seemes spott$1 :]e h] body is mo/ opac\s40 ,! gr\nd ( ?is 8 ass]tion 01 because hee ?\ght ! ,moone did receive & be/[ h] light by illum9ation onely1 & n at all by reflexion1 b ?is1 toge!r ) ! suppos$ p5etration ( ! ,sunne beames1 & ! p]spicuity ( ! ,moones body ,i h above answ]$ & refut$4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,opt4 lib4 #i4 ,comm5t4 9 ,purb4 pag4 #afd4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,ex qua p>te luna e/ transpicua non totum secundum sup]ficiem1 s$ etiam secundum sub/antiam1 eat5us cl>a1 ex qua autem p>te opaca e/1 eat5us obscura videtur4 ,de ,phnom4 cap4 #aa4 ,! m common & g5]all op9ion#a is1 t ! spots are ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! ,moone1 :i* are lesse able to reflect ! beames t !y receive f ! ,sunne1 & ?is is mo/ agreeable to reason1 = if ! />res are !re=e brighte/1 because !y are ?ick] & m solid !n _! orbes1 !n x w foll[1 t ^? p>ts ( ! ,moone :i* h lesse light1 h also lesse ?ick5esse4 ,x 0 ! provid5ce ( nature 7say "s7 t s contriv$ t planet to h ^! spots )9 x1 = s9ce t is ne]e/ to ^? l[] bodies :i* are s full ( de=mity1 'tis requisite t x %\ld 9 "s measure agree ) !m1 & z 9 ?is inf]i\r _w ! high] bodies are ! mo/ compleat1 s also 9 ! heav5s p]fection is asc5d$ unto by degrees1 & ! ,moone be+ ! l[e/1 mu/ be ! lea/ pure1 & !re=e ,philo ! ,jew#b int]pret+ ,iacobs dreame conc]n+ ! ladd]1 do? 9 an allegory %ew1 h[ t 9 ! fabricke ( ! _w1 all ?+s gr[ p]fect] z !y gr[ high]1 & ?is is ! reason 7sai? hee7 :y ! ,moone do? n consi/ ( any pure simple matt]1 b is mix$ ) aire1 :i* %ewes s d>kely )9 h] body4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,alb]t4 mag4 de covis4 ,q4 #d4 ,art4 #ba4 ,colleg4 ,con4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,de ,somniis4 ,b ?is _c be a suffici5t reason1 = ?\gh x 7 true t nature did frame e ?+ p]fect] z x 0 high]1 yet is x z true1 t nature frames e ?+ fully p]fect = t (fice to :i* %ee int5ds x4 ,n[1 _h %e int5d$ ! ,moone me]ly to reflect ! ,sunne beames & give light1 ! spots !n _h n s mu* argu$ h] provid5ce1 z h] unskilfulnesse & imp]fection1#a z if 9 ! ha/e ( h] worke %ee c\ld n tell h[ to make t body exactly fit1 = t (fice to :i* %e appo9t$ x4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,scalig4 ex]cit4 #fb4 ,tis likely !n t %e _h "s o!r end :i* mov$ h] to produce ?is v>iety1 & ?is 9 all probability 0 h] int5t to make x a fit body = habitation ) ! same conv5i5cies ( sea & l&1 z ?is inf]i\r _w do? p>take (4 ,= s9ce ! ,moone is su* a va/1 su* a solid & opac\s body l our e>? 7z 0 above prov$7 :y may x n be probable1 t ^? ?9n] & ?ick] p>ts appe>+ 9 h]1 doe %ew ! diff]5ce betwixt ! sea & l& 9 t o!r _w2 & ,galilu d\bts n1 b t if our e>? 7 visible at ! same di/ance1 !re w\ld be ! l appe>ance ( x4 ,z = ! =me ( ^? spots1 "s ( ! vulg> ?9ke !y repres5t a man1 & ! ,poets guesse 'tis ! boy ,endimion1 ^: company %ee loves s well1 t %ee c>ries him ) h]1 o!rs w h x onely to be ! face ( a man z ! ,moone is usually pictur$1 b ,alb]tus ?9kes r1 t x repres5ts a ,lyon ) 8 taile t[>ds ! ,ea/1 & 8 head ! ,we/1 & #a99"s o!rs h ?\ght x to be v mu* l a ,fox1 c]ta9ly 'tis z mu* l a ,lyon z t 9 ! ,zodiake1 or z ,vrsa major is l a ,be>e4 ,sid5ote #a993 ,eusebius ,nioremb4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 lib4 #h4 c4 #ae4 ,i %\ld guesse t x repres5ts "o ( ^! z well z ano!r1 & any ?+ else z well z any ( ^!1 s9ce 'tis b a /rong imag9ation1 :i* fancies su* images z s*oole-boyes usually doe 9 ! m>kes ( a wall1 :]eas !re is n any su* similitude 9 ! spots !mselves1 :i* r l our ,sea1 9 respect ( ! l&1 appe>es "u a rugg$ & confus$ figure1 & do? n repres5t any di/9ct image1 s t bo? 9 respect ( ! matt] & ! =me x may be probable en\gh1 t ^? spots & bright] p>ts may %ew ! di/9ction betwixt ! ,sea & ,l& 9 t o!r _w4 ,proposition #h4 ,! spots repres5t ! ,sea1 & ! bright] p>ts ! ,l&4 ,:5 ,i fir/ comp>$ ! nature ( our e>? & wat] ) ^? appe>ances 9 ! ,moone2 ,i conclud$ contr>y to ! proposition1 t ! bright] p>ts repres5t$ ! wat]1 & ! spots ! l&2 ( ?is op9ion likewise 0 ,kepl> at ! fir/2 b my second ?\ghts1 & ! read+ ( o!rs1#a h n[ conv9c$ me 7z aft] he 07 ( ! tru? ( t ,proposition :i* ,i h n[ set d[ne4 ,b be=e ,i come to ! confirmation ( x1 ,i %all m5tion ^? scruples :i* at fir/ made mee d\bt ( ! tru? ( ?is op9ion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,opt4 ,a/ro4 c4 #f4 num4 #i4 ,diss]t4 cum nuncio ,gal4 #a4 ,x may be object$1 'tis probable1 if !re be any su* sea & l& z ours1 t x be>s "s proportion & similitude ) ours3 b n[ ?is ,proposition takes away all lik5esse betwixt !m1 = :]eas ! sup]ficies ( our e>? is b ! ?ird "p ( ! :ole surface 9 ! globe1 two p>ts be+ ov]spread ) ! wat] 7z ,scalig]#a obs]ves7 yet "h accord+ to ?is op9ion1 ! ,sea %\ld be lesse !n ! ,l&1 s9ce !re is n s mu* ( ! bespott$1 z !r is ( ! enlight5$ p>ts1 :]e=e 'tis probable1 t ei!r !re is no su* ?+ at all1 or else t ! bright] p>ts are ! ,sea4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,ex]cit4 #ch4 #b4 ,! wat]1 by reason ( ! smoo?nesse ( its sup]ficies1 seemes bett] able to reflect ! ,sun beames !n ! e>?1 :i* 9 mo/ places is s full ( rugg$nesse ( grasse & trees1 & su* l imp$im5ts ( reflection1 & besides1 cmon exp]i5ce %ewes1 t ! wat] %9es ) a great] & m glori\s brightnesse !n ! e>?1 !re=e x %\ld seeme t ! spots are ! e>?1 & ! bright] p>ts ! wat]4 ,b to ! fir/ x may be answ]$4 #a4 ,!re is no great probability 9 ?is consequ5ce1 t because 'tis s ) u1 !re=e x mu/ be s ) ! p>ts ( ! ,moone1 = s9ce !re is su* a diff]5ce betwixt !m 9 div]s o!r respects1 !y may n1 p]haps1 agree 9 ?is4 #b4 ,t ass]tion ( ,scalig] is n by all grant$ = a tru?4 ,fromondus#a ) o!rs1 ?9ke1 t ! sup]ficies ( ! ,sea & ,l& 9 s mu* ( ! _w z is already discov]$1 is equall1 & ( ! same ext5sion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,meteoris l4 #e4 c4 #a4 ,art4 #a4 #c4 ,! ,orbe ( ?icke & vapor\s aire :i* encompasses ! ,moone1 makes ! bright] p>ts ( t ,planet appe>e bigg] !n 9 !mselves !y are2 z ,i %all %ew aft]w>ds4 ,to ! second x may be answ]$1 t ?\gh ! wat] be ( a smoo? sup]ficies1 & s may seeme mo/ fit to rev]b]ate ! light1 yet because 'tis ( a p]spicu\s nature1 !re=e ! beames mu/ s9ke into x1 & _c s /rongly & cle>ely be reflect$4 ,sicut 9 speculo ubi plumbum abrasum fu]it1 7sai? ,c>dan7 z 9 ,look+-glasses :]e "p ( ! lead is raiz$ (f1 & no?+ left beh9d to rev]b]ate ! image1 ! species mu/ !re passe ?r\gh & n backe aga9e2 s x is :]e ! beames p5etrate & s9ke into ! sub/ance ( ! body1 !re _c be su* an imm$iate & /rong reflection z :5 !y are beate backe f ! sup]ficies1 & !re=e ! ,sunne causes a great] heate by f>re ^u ! ,l& !n ^u ! wat]4 ,n[ z = t exp]im5t1 :]e 'tis said1 t ! wat]s h a great] brightness !n ! ,l&3 ,i answ]1 'tis true onely !re :]e !y repres5t ! image ( ! ,sunne or "s bright cl\d1 & n 9 o!r places1 z is v pla9e by common obs]vation4 ,s t not)/&+ ^? d\bts1 yet ?is ,proposition may rema9e true1 t ! spots may be ! ,sea1 & ! bright] p>ts ! ,l&4 ,( ?is op9ion 0 ,plut>*3 unto him ass5t$ ,kepl> & ,galilu1 ^: words are ^!1 ,si quis vet]um ,py?agororum s5t5tiam excuscit>e velit1 lunam scilicet esse quasi tellurem alt]am1 ejus p>s lucidior t]r5am sup]ficiem1 obscurior v] aqueam magis congru reprs5tet4 ,mihi autem dubium fuit numquam t]re/ris globi long conspecti1 atque a radiis sol>ibus p]fusi1 t]ream sup]ficiem cl>iorem1 obscuriorem v] aqueam sese 9 conspectum daturam4#a 8,if any man h a m9de to r5ew ! op9ion ( ! ,py?agoreans1 t ! ,moone is ano!r e>?1 !n h] bright] p>ts may fitly repres5t ! e>?s sup]ficies1 & ! d>k] "p ! wat]3 & = my "p1 ,i nev] d\bt$ b t our e>?ly globe be+ %9$ ^u by ! ,sunne1 & beheld at a great di/ance1 ! ,l& w\ld appe>e brighte/ & ! ,sea m obscurely40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de facie lun4 ,diss]tatio4 ,nunc4 ,syd4 ,! reasons may be4 #a4 ,t :i* ,i urg$ ab\t ! =ego+ ,*apt]1 because ! wat] is ! ?9n] "p1 & !re=e mu/ give ! lesse light4 #b4 ,because obs]vation tels u1 t ! spott$ p>ts are alwaies smoo? & equall1 hav+ e :]e an equality ( light1 :5 once !y are enlight5$ by ! ,sunne1 :]eas ! bright] p>ts are full ( rugg$ gibbosities & m\nta9es hav+ _m %ades 9 !m1 z ,i %all %ew m at l>ge aft]w>ds4 ,t 9 ?is ,planet !re mu/ be ,seas1 ,campanella#a indeav\rs to prove out ( ,scripture int]pret+ ! wat]s above ! ,firmam5t spok5 ( 9 ,g5esis to be meant ( ! ,sea 9 ?is _w4 ,= 7sai? he7 'tis n likely t !re are any su* wat]s above ! ,orbes to mod]ate t heate :i* !y receive f _! swift motion 7z "s ( ! ,fa!rs ?9ke7 nor did ,moses meane ! ,angells :i* may be call$ spirituall wat]s1 z ,orig5 & ,au/9#b w\ld h x1 = bo? ^! are reject$ by ! g5]all cons5t3 nor c\ld he meane any wat]s 9 ! second region1 z mo/ ,comm5tators int]pret x4 ,= fir/ !re is no?+ b vap\rs1 :i* ?\gh !y are aft]w>ds turn$ into wat]1 yet :ile !y rema9e !re1 !y are onely ! matt] ( t elem5t1 :i* may z well be fire or e>?1 or aire4 #b4 ,^? vapors are n above ! expansum1 b 9 x4 ,s t hee ?9kes !re is no o!r way to salve all1 b by mak+ ! ,planets sev]all worlds ) ,sea ,l&1 ) su* ,riv]s & ,spr+s1 z wee h "h bel[3 ,especially s9ce ,esdras#c speakes ( ! spr+s above ! ,firmam5t1 b ,i _c agree ) him 9 ?is1 nor doe ,i ?9ke t any su* ?+ c be prov$ out ( ,scripture4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,apologia pro ,galilo4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,confession4 l4 #ac4 c4 #cb4 ,sid5ote #c3 #b ,esdr4 #d4 #g4 ,be=e ,i proce$e to ! next ,position1 ,i %all fir/ answ] "s d\bts :i* might be made aga9/ ! g5]ality ( ?is tru?1 :]eby x may seeme impossible t !re %\ld be ei!r ,sea or ,l& 9 ! ,moone2 = s9ce %e moves s swiftly z ,a/ronom]s obs]ve1 :y !n does !re no?+ fall f h]1 or :y do? %ee n %ake some?+ out by ! cel]ity ( h] revolution8 ,i answ]1 y mu/ "k t ! incl9ation ( e heavie body1 to its prop] ,c5t] do? suffici5tly tie x unto its place1 s t suppose any ?+ 7 sep>at$1 yet mu/ x necess>ily returne aga9e1 & !re is no m dang] ( _! fall+ into our _w !n !re is fe>e ( our fall+ into ! ,moone4 ,b yet !re are _m fabul\s relations ( su* ?+s z h dropp$ !nce4 ,!re is a tale ( ! ,nemean ,lyon t ,h]cules slew1 :i* fir/ ru%+ among ! he>ds out ( 8 unkn[ne d5 9 ! ,m\nta9e ( ,cy!ron 9 ,botia1 ! cr$ul\s p ?\ght he 0 s5t f _! ,goddesse ! ,moone4 ,& if a :irle-w9de did *ance to snat* any ?+ up1 & aft]w>ds ra9e x d[ne aga9e1 ! ignorant multitude are apt to believe t x dropt f ,heav54 ,?us ,avic5na relates ! /ory ( a ,calfe :i* fell d[ne 9 a /orme1 ! behold]s ?9k+ x a ,moone-calfe1 & t x fell !nce4 ,s ,c>dan travell+ ^u ! ,ap5n9e ,m\nta9es1 a sudd5 bla/ tooke (f 8 hat1 :i* if x _h be5e c>ry$ f>re1 he ?9kes ! peasants :o _h p]ceiv$ x to fall1 w\ld h sworne x _h ra9$ hats4 ,aft] "s su* mann] _m ( our prodigies come to passe1 & ! p are will+ to believe any?+1 :i* !y may relate to o!rs z a v /range & wond]full ev5t4 ,i d\bt n b ! ,trojan ,palladium1 ! ,romane ,m9]va1 & our ,ladies ,*ur* at ,loretto1 ) _m sacr$ reliques pres]v$ by ! ,papi/s might droppe f ! ,moone z well z any ( ^!4 ,b x may be aga9e object$1 suppose !re 7 a bullet %ot up 9 t _w1 w\ld n ! ,moone runne away f x1 be=e x c\ld fall d[ne1 s9ce ! motion ( h] body 7be+ e day r\nd our e>?7 is f>re swift] ?an ! o!r1 & s ! bullet mu/ be left beh9de1 & at l5g? fall d[ne to u8 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 #a4 ,if a bullet c\ld be %ot s f>re till x came to ! circumf]5ce ( ^? ?+s :i* belong to our c5t]1 !n x w\ld fall d[ne to u4 #b4 ,?\gh !re 7 "s heavie body a great height 9 t ay]1 yet w\ld ! motion ( its c5tre by an attractive v]tue /ill hold x )9 its conv5i5t di/ance1 s t :e!r _! e>? mov$ or /ood /ill1 yet w\ld ! same viol5ce ca/ a body f x equally f>re4 ,t ,i may ! pla9] expresse my mean+1 ,i w set d[ne ?is ,diagramme4 ,illu/ration z describ$ 9 text ,suppose ?is e>? 7 ,a1 :i* 0 to move 9 ! circle ,c1 ,d4 & let ! bullet be suppos$ at ,b4 )9 its prop] v]ge2 ,i say1 :e!r ?is e>? did /& /il or move swiftly t[>ds ,d1 yet ! bullet w\ld /ill keepe at ! same di/ance by reason ( t ,magneticke v]tue ( ! c5t] 7if ,i may s speake7 :]eby all ?+s )9 its sphe>e are attract$ ) x4 ,s t ! viol5ce to ! bullet1 be+ no?+ else b t :]eby 'tis remov$ f its c5t]1 !re=e an equall viol5ce c c>ry a body f its prop] place1 b at an equall di/ance :e!r or no ! c5t] /& /ill or move4 ,! imp>tiall ,read] may f9de suffici5t satisfaction = ?is & su* o!r argum5ts z may be urg$ aga9/ ! motion ( t e>? 9 ! writ+s ( ,cap]nicus & 8 foll[]s1 unto :om = brevities sake ,i w ref]re !m4 ,proposition #i4 ,t !re are high ,m\nta9es1 deepe vallies1 & spaci\s pla9s 9 ! body ( ! ,moone4 ,?\gh !re are "s :o ?9ke ,m\nta9es to bee a de=mity 9 ! e>?1 z if !y 7 ei!r beate up by ! flood1 or else ca/ up l s _m heaps ( rubbi% left at ! creation1 yet if well consid]$1 !y w be f\nd z mu* to conduce to ! beauty & conv5i5cy ( ! univ]se z any ( ! o!r p>ts4 ,nature 7sai? ,pl9y#a7 purposely fram$ !m = _m excell5t uses3 p>tly to tame ! viol5ce ( great] ,riv]s1 to /r5g!n c]ta9e joynts )9 ! ve9es & b[els ( ! e>?1 to breake ! =ce ( ! ,seas inundation1 & = ! safety ( ! e>?s inhabitants1 :e!r bea/s or m54 ,t !y make mu* = ! protection ( bea/s ! ,psalmi/#b te/ifies1 ,! highe/ hils are a refuge = ! wilde ,goats1 & ! rockes = ,conies4 ,! ,k+ly ,prophet _h le>n$ ! safety ( ^! by 8 owne exp]i5ce1 :5 he also 0 fa9e to make a m\nta9e 8 refuge f ! fury ( 8 ,ma/] ,saul1 :o p]secut$ him 9 ! wild]nesse4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,nat4 hi/4 l4 #cf4 c4 #a4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,psal4 #ajd4 v4 #ah4 ,true inde$1 su* places z ^! keepe _! neighb\rs poore1 z bee+ mo/ b>r51 b yet !y pres]ve !m safe1 z be+ mo/ /rong1 witnesse our unconqu]$ ,wales & ,scotl&1 ^: greate/ protection ha? be5e ! naturall /r5g? ( _! ,c\ntrey1 s =tifi$ ) ,m\nta9es1 t ^! h alwaies be5 unto !m sure retraites f ! viol5ce & oppression ( o!rs1 :]e=e a good ,au?\r do? rightly call !m natures bulw>kes ca/ up at ,god ,almighties owne *>ges1 ! scornes & curbs ( victori\s armies1 :i* made ! ,b>b>ians 9 ,curtius s confid5t ( _! owne safety1 :5 !y 7 once retir$ to an inaccessible m\nta9e1 t :5 ,alex&]s ,legate _h br\ght !m to a p>ley & p]swad+ !m to yeeld1 told !m ( 8 ma/]s victories1 :at ,seas & ,wild]nesses hee _h pass$1 !y reply$ t all t might be1 b c\ld ,alex&] fly too8 ,ov] ! ,seas he might h %ips1 & ov] ! l& horses1 b hee mu/ h w+s be=e he c\ld get up ?i!r4 ,su* safety did ^? b>b>\s nations conceive 9 ! m\nta9es :]eunto !y 7 retyr$1 c]ta9ely !n su* usefull p>ts 7 n ! effect ( mans s9ne1 or produc$ by ! ,worlds curse ! flood1 b r at ! fir/ creat$ by ! goodnesse & provid5ce ( ! ,almighty4 ,s t if ,i int5d to prove t ! ,moone is su* a habitable _w z ?is is1 'tis requisite t ,i %ew x to h ! same conv5i5ces ( habitation z ?is ha?1 & "h if "s ,rabbi or ,*ymicke 7 to h&le ! po9t !y w\ld fir/ prove x out ( ,scripture1 f t place 9 ,moses 8 bless+1#a :]e hee speakes ( ! anci5t m\nta9es & la/+ hils1 ,deut4 #cc = hav+ imm$iately be=e m5tion$ ^? bless+s :i* %\ld happ5 unto ,ioseph by ! influ5ce ( ! ,moone1 he does pres5tly exegetically it]ate ? 9 bless+ him ) ! *iefe ?+s ( ! anci5t ,m\nta9es & la/+ hils2 y may also see ! same expression us$ 9 ,iacobs bless+ ( ,ioseph4#b ,sid5ote #a3 ,deut4 #cc4 #ae ,sid5ote #b3 ,g54 #di4 #bf ,b h[ev] we may deale pro or con 9 ,philosophy1 yet we mu/ n je/ ) div9e tru?s1 or br+ ,scripture to patronize any fancy ( our owne1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 x be tru?4 ,= ! bett] pro(e ( ?is proposition1 ,i might "h cite ! te/imony ( ,diodorus1 :o ?\ght ! ,moone to bee full ( rugg$ places1 vel ut t]re/ribus tumulis sup]ciliosam1 b he err$ mu* 9 "s circum/ances ( ?is op9ion1 especially :]e he saies1 !re is an ,il& among/ ! ,hyp]boreans1 :]e9 ^? hils may to ! eye bee pla9ely discov]$1 & = ?is reason4 #a99;,clius calls him a fabul\s ,writ]1 b y may see m expresse au?ority = ! pro(e ( ?is 9 ! op9ions ( ,anaxagoras & ,democritus1#b :o held t ?is ,planet 0 full ( *ampion gr\nds1 m\nta9s & vallies1 & ?is seem$ likewise probable unto ,augu/9us ,nifus1 ^: words are ^!3 ,=sitan non e/ remotum dic]e1 lun p>tes esse div]sas1 veluti sunt p>tes t]r1 qu>um ali sunt vallos1 ali montos1 ex qu>um diff]5tia effici pote/ facies illa lun2 nec e/ rationi dissonum1 nam luna e/ corpus imp]fect ,sphricum1 cum sit corpus ab ultimo clo elongatum1 ut supra dixit ,ari/oteles4 8,p]haps1 x w\ld n be amisse to say t ! p>ts ( ! ,moone 7 div]s1 z ! p>ts ( ?is e>?1 :]e( "s are vallies1 & "s m\nta9es1 f ! diff]5ce ( :i*1 "s spots 9 ! ,moone may proce$1 nor is ?is aga9/ reason1 = t ,planet _c be p]fectly sph]icall1 s9ce 'tis s remote a body f ! fir/ orbe1 z ,ari/otle _h said be=e40 ,y may see ?is tru? ass5t$ unto by ,blancanus ! ,jesuit1#c & by him confirm$ ) ) div]s reasons4 ,kepl> ha? obs]v$ 9 ! ,moones eclipses1#d t ! division ( h] enlight5$ "p f ! %ad$1 0 made by a crook$ unequall l9e1 ( :i* !re _c be any probable cause conceiv$1 unlesse x did arise f ! rugg$nesse ( t planet1 = x _c at all be produc'd f ! %ade ( any m\nta9s "h ^u e>?1 because ^! w\ld be s lessn$ be=e !y c\ld rea* s high 9 a conicall %ad[1 t !y w\ld n be at all s5sible unto u 7z might easily be demon/rat$7 nor c x be conceiv$ :at reason ( ?is diff]5ce !re %\ld be 9 ! ,sunne4 ,:]e=e !re be+ no o!r body t ha? any ?+ to doe 9 eclipses1 we mu/ necess>ily conclude1 t x is caus$ by a v>iety ( p>ts 9 ! ,moone x selfe1 & :at c !re be b its gibbosities8 ,n[ if y %\ld aske a reason :y !re %\ld be su* a similitude ( ^! 9 t ,planet1 ! same ,kepl> %all je/ y out an answ]e1 = suppos+ 7sai? he7 ^? inhabitants are bigg] ?an any ( u 9 ! same proportion1 z _! daies are long] ?an ours1 viz4 by fifte5 times x may bee = want ( /ones to erect su* va/ h\ses z 7 requisite = _! bodies1 !y are fa9e to digge great & r\nd holl[es 9 ! e>?1 :]e !y may bo? procure wat] = _! ?ir/1 & turn+ ab\t ) ! %ade1 may avoid ^? great heats :i* o!rwise !y w\ld be lyable unto2 or if y w give ,cs> la ,galla leave to guesse 9 ! same mann]1 he w\ld r ?9k t ^? ?ir/y nations ca/ up s _m & s great heaps ( e>? 9 digg+ ( _! w9e cell>s1 b ?is onely by ! way4 ,sid5ote #a993 ,lect4 aut l4 #a4 c4 #ae4 ,plut4 de plac4 l4 #b4 c4 #be4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,de clo4 l4 #b4 p4 #di4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,de ,mundi fab4 p>s #c4 c4 #d4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,a/ron4 ,opt4 c4 #f4 num #i4 ,i %all next produce ! eye-witnesse ( ,galilu1#a on :i* ,i mo/ ( all dep5d = ! pro(e ( ?is ,proposition1 :5 he beheld ! new ,moone ?r\gh 8 p]spective1 x appe>$ to him "u a rugg$ & spott$ figure1 seem+ to h ! d>k] & enlightn$ p>ts divid$ by a tortu\s l9e1 hav+ "s p>cels ( light at a good di/ance f ! o!r1 & ?is diff]5ce is s rem>kable1 t y may easily p]ceive x ?r\gh "o ( ^? ord9>y p]spectives1 :i* are commonly sold among/ u1 b = y\r bett] appreh5d+ ( :at ,i deliv]1 ,i w set d[ne ! ,figure z ,i f9d x 9 ,galilu3 ,sid5ote #a3 ,nuncius ,syd]eus4 ,illu/ration3 ,cresc5t ,moon ,suppose ,,abcd to repres5t ! appe>ance ( ! ,moones body be+ 9 a sextile1 y may see "s bright] p>ts sep>at$ at a pretty di/ance f ! o!r1 :i* c bee no?+ else b a reflexion ( ! ,sunne-beames ^u "s p>ts t are high] !n ! re/1 & ^? obscure gibbosities :i* /& out t[>ds ! enlight5$ p>ts mu/ bee su* holl[ & deepe places :]eto ! rayes _c rea*1 b :5 ! ,moone is got fur!r (f f ! ,sunne1 & come to t fulnesse1 z ?is l9e ,,bd do? repres5t h] "u1 !n doe ^! p>ts also receive an equall light1 except+ onely t diff]5ce :i* do? appe>e betwixt _! sea & l&4 ,& if y d consid] h[ any rugg$ body w\ld appe>e1 be+ enlightn$1 y w\ld easily conceive t x mu/ necess>ily seeme "u "s su* gibb\s unequall =me1 z ! ,moone is "h repres5t$4 ,n[ = ! infallibility ( ^! appe>ances1 ,i %all ref]re ! read] to t :i* ha? be5e said 9 ! #f? ,proposition4 ,b ,cs> la ,galla affirmes1 t all ^! appe>ances may consi/ ) a pla9e sup]ficies1 if wee suppose ! p>ts ( ! body to be "s ( !m1 ,diaphan\s1 & "s opac\s2 & if y object t ! light :i* is convey$ to any diaphan\s "p 9 a pla9e sup]ficies mu/ be by a cont9u$ l9e1 :]eas "h !re appe>e _m bright] p>ts among ! obscure at "s di/ance f ! re/4 ,to ?is he answ]s1 x may arise f "s secret conveyances & *annels )9 h] body1 t doe consi/ ( a m diaphan\s matt] :i* be+ cov]$ ov] ) an opaci\s sup]ficies1 ! light pass+ ?r\gh !m may breake out a great way (f1 :]eas ! o!r p>ts betwixt may /ill rema9e d>ke4 ,j z ! ,riv] ,are?usa 9 ,sicile :i* runnes "u gr\nd = a great way1 & aft]w>ds breakes out aga9e4 ,b because ?is is "o ( ! *iefe/ fancies :]eby hee ?9kes hee ha? fully answ]$ ! argum5ts ( ?is op9ion1 ,i w !re=e set d[ne 8 answ]e 9 8 owne words1 le/ ! ,read] might suspect m 9 !m !n ,i h express$4#a ,non e/ impossibile ccos ductus diaphani p]spicui corporis1 s$ opac sup]ficie prot5di1 usque 9 diaphanam aliquam ex pr(undo 9 sup]ficiem1 em]g5tem p>tem1 p] quos ductus lum5 longo po/modum int]/itio erumpat1 c4 ,b ,i reply1 if ! sup]ficies betwixt ^! two enlight5$ p>ts rema9e d>ke because ( its opacity1 !n w\ld x alwaies be d>ke1 & ! ,sunne c\ld n make x p>take ( light m !n x c\ld ( p]spicuity3 ,b ?is contradicts all exp]i5ce z y may see 9 ,galilu1 :o affirmes t :5 ! ,sunne comes ne>] to 8 opposition1 !n t :i* is betwixt !m1 bo? is enlightn$ z well z ei!r4 ,nay ?is opposes 8 owne eye-witnesse1 = he confesses himselfe t he saw ?is by ! glasse4 ,he _h said be=e t he came to see ^? /range sights discov]$ by ,galilu 8 glasse ) an int5t ( contradiction1 & y may reade t confirm$ 9 ! weak5esse ( ?is answ]e1 :i* r bewrayes an ob/9ate !n a p]swad$ w1 = o!rwise sure hee w\ld nev] h und]tooke to h de/roy$ su* c]ta9e pro(es ) s gr\ndlesse a fancy4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,cap4 #aa4 ,b x may bee object$1 t 'tis almo/ impossible1 & altoge!r unlikely t 9 ! ,moone !te %\ld be any m\nta9es s high z ^? obs]vations make !m1 = doe b suppose accord+ to ! common pr9ciples1 t ! ,moones diamet] unto ! ,e>?s is v ne]e to ! proportion ( #b4 to #g1 suppose )all t ! ,e>?s diamet] conta9es ab\t #gjjj ,italian miles1 & ! ,moones #bjjj 7z is commonly grant$7 n[ ,galiu ha? obs]v$ t "s p>ts h be5 enlight5$ :5 !y 7 ! tw5tie? "p ( ! diamet] di/ant f ! common t]me ( illum9ation1 s t h5ce x mu/ necess>ily foll[ t !re may bee "s ,m\nta9es 9 ! ,moone s high1 t !y are able to ca/ a %ad[ a #ajj miles (f4 ,an op9ion t s\nds l a prodigie or a fiction2 :]e=e 'tis likely t ei!r ^? appe>ances are caus$ by some:at else besides m\nta9es1 or else ^? are fallible obs]vations1 f :5ce may foll[ su* improbable inconceiveable consequ5ces4 ,b to ?is ,i answ]e3 #a4 ,y mu/ consid] ! height ( ! ,m\nta9es is b v little1 if y comp>e !m to ! l5g? ( _! %ad[es4 ,sr4 ,walt] ,rawleigh#a obs]ves t ! ,m\nt ,a?os n[ call$ ,lacas ca/s its %ad[ #cjj furlongs1 :i* is above #cg miles1 & yet t ,m\nt is none ( ! highe/1 nay ,sol9us#b 7:om ,i %\ld r believe 9 ?is k9de7 affirmes t ?is ,m\nta9e gives 8 %ad[ q ov] ! ,sea1 f ,mac$on to ! ,ile ( ,lemnos :i* is #gjj furlongs or #hd miles1 & yet accord+ to ! common reckon+ x do? sc>ce rea* #d miles upw>ds1 9 its p]p5dicul> height4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,hi/4 l4 #a4 c4 #g4 #aa4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,poly4 hi/or4 c4 #ba4 #b4 ,i affirme t !re are v high ,m\nta9es 9 ! ,moone4 ,kepl> & ,galilu ?9ke t !y are high] ?an any :i* are ^u our e>?4 ,b ,i am n ( _! op9ion 9 ?is1 because ,i suppose !y goe ^u a false gr\nd :il/ !y conceive t ! highe/ m\nta9e ^u ! e>? is n above a mile p]p5dicul>4 ,:]eas 'tis ! common op9ion & f\nd true en\gh by obs]vation1 t ,olympus1 ,atlas1 ,taurus & ,enius1 ) _m o!rs are mu* above ?is height4 ,t5>iffa 9 ! ,can>y ,il&s is prov$ by computation to bee above #h miles p]p5dicul>1 & ab\t ?is height is ! m\nt ,p]jacaca 9 ,am]ica4 ,sr4 ,walt] ,rawleigh seemes to ?9ke1 t ! highe/ ( ^! is ne]e #cj miles upright3 nay ,ari/otle#a speak+ ( ,caucasus 9 ,asia1 affirmes x to bee visible = #efj miles1 z "s int]pret]s f9de by computation1 f :i* x w foll[1 t x 0 #gh miles p]p5dicul>ly high1 z y may see confirm$ by ,jacobus ,mazonius1#b & out ( him 9 ,blancanus ! ,jesuite4#c ,b ?is deviates f ! tru? m 9 excesse !n ! o!r do? 9 defect4 ,h[ev] ?\gh ^! 9 ! moone are n s high z "s among/ u1 yet c]ta9e x is !y are ( a great height1 & "s ( !m at ! lea/ f\re miles p]p5dicul>4 ,?is ,i %all prove f ! obs]vation ( ,galilu1 ^: glasse c %ew ?is tru? to ! s5ses1 a pro(e beyond exception & c]ta9e t man mu/ ne$s be ( a mo/ tim]\s fai? :o d>es n believe 8 owne eye4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,meteor4 l4 #a4 c4 #aa4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,comp>atio ,ari/4 cum ,platone1 ,sect4 #c4 c4 #e4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,exposi4 9 loc4 ,ma?4 ,artis4 loc4 #adh4 ,by t p]spective y may pla9ely disc]ne "s enlightn$ p>ts 7:i* are ! m\nta9es7 to be di/ant f ! o!r ab\t ! tw5tie? "p ( ! diamet]4 ,f :5ce x w foll[1 t ^? m\nta9es mu/ necess>ily be at ! lea/ f\re ,italian miles 9 height4 ,illu/ration ,= let ,,bdef be ! body ( ! moone1 ,,abc w be a ray or beame ( ! ,sunne1 :i* enlight5s a m\nta9e at ,a & ,b is ! po9t ( cont+5cy1 ! di/ance betwixt ,a & ,b mu/ bee suppos$ to be ! tw5tie? "p ( ! diamet] :i* is an #ajj miles1 = s f> are "s enlight5$ p>ts sev]$ f ! common t]me ( illum9ation4 ,n[ ! aggregate ( ! quadrate f ,a ,b a hundr$1 & ,b ,g a #ajjj w bee #ajajjjj1 unto :i* ! quadrate aris+ f ,a ,g mu/ be equall accord+ to ! #dg? proposition 9 ! fir/ booke ( elem5ts4 ,!re=e ! :ole l9e ,a ,g is some:at m ?an #ajd1 & ! di/ance betwixt ,h ,a mu/ be above #d miles1 :i* 0 ! ?+ to be prov$4 ,b x may be aga9e object$1 if !re be su* rugg$ p>ts1 & s high m\nta9es1 :y !n _c wee disc]ne !m at ?is di/ance1 :y do? ! moone appe>e unto u s exactly r\nd1 & n r z a :eele ) tee?8 ,i answ]e1 by reason ( too great a di/ance1 = if ! :ole body appe>e to our eye s little1 !n ^? p>ts :i* be>e s small a proportion to ! :ole w n at all be s5sible4 ,b x may be repli$1 if !re 7 any su* rem>keable hils1 :y does n ! limbe ( ! moone appe>e l a :eele ) tee? to ^? :o looke ^u x ?r\gh ! great p]spective on ^: witnesse y s mu* dep5d8 or :at reason is !re t %e appe>es z exactly r\nd ?r\gh x z %ee do? to ! b>e eye8 c]ta9ely !n ei!r !re is no su* ?+ z y imag9e1 or else ! glasse failes mu* 9 ?is discov]y4 ,to ?is ,i %all answ]e out ( ,galilu4 #a4 ,y mu/ "k t !re is n me]ely "o ranke ( m\nta9es ab\t ! edge ( ! moone1 b div]s ord]s1 "o m\nta9e beh9d ano!r1 & s !re is some:at to h9d] ^? void spaces :i* o!rwise1 p]haps1 might appe>e4 ,n[ :]e !re be _m hils1 ! gr\nd seemes ev5 to a man t c see ! tops ( all4 ,?us :5 ! sea rages1 & _m va/ waves are lift$ up1 yet all may appe>e pla9e en\gh to "o t /&s at ! %ore4 ,s :]e !re are s _m hils1 ! inequality w be lesse rem>kable1 if x be disc]n$ at a di/ance4 #b4 ,?\gh !re be m\nta9s 9 t "p :i* appe>es unto u1 to be ! limbe ( ! ,moone1 z well z 9 any o!r place1 yet ! bright vap\rs hide _! appe>ance3 = !re is an orbe ( ?icke vapor\s aire t do? imm$iatly compasse ! body ( ! ,moone1 :i* ?\gh x h n s great opacity1 z to t]m9ate ! sight1 yet be+ once enlight5$ by ! ,sunne1 x do? repres5t ! body ( ! ,moone "u a great] =me1 & h9d]s our sight f a di/9ct view ( h] true circumf]5ce4 ,b ( ?is 9 ! next ,*apt]4 ,i h n[ suffici5tly prov$1 t !re are hills 9 ! ,moone1 & h5ce x may seeme likely t !re is also a _w1 = s9ce provid5ce ha? "s speciall end 9 all its workes1 c]ta9ly !n ^! m\nta9es 7 n produc$ 9 va9e1 & :at m probable mean+ c wee conceive !re %\ld be1 ?an to make t place conv5i5t = habitation4 ,proposition #aj4 ,t !re is an ,atmo-sphra1 or an orbe ( grosse vapor\s aire1 imm$iately encompass+ ! body ( ! ,moone4 ,z t "p ( our aire :i* is ne]e/ to ! e>?1 is ( a ?ick] sub/ance ?an ! o!r1 by reason tis alwaies mix$ ) "s vap\rs1 :i* are cont9ually exhal$ into x4 ,s is x equally requisite1 t if !re be a _w 9 ! ,moone1 t ! aire ab\t t %\ld be alike qualifi$ ) ours4 ,n[1 t !re is su* an orbe ( grosse aire1 0 fir/ ( all 7= ought ,i c reade7 obs]v$ by ,mesl91 aft]w>ds ass5t$ unto by ,kepl> & ,galilu1#a & s9ce by ,bapti/ae ,cisatus1 ,%e9] ) o!rs1 all ( !m confirm+ x by ! same argum5ts :i* ,i %all onely cite1 & !n leave ?is ,proposition4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,vide ,euseb4 ,ni]em4 de ,nat4 ,hi/4 l4 #b4 c4 #aa4 #a4 ',tis obs]v$1 t s mu* ( ! ,moone z is enlight5$1 is alwaies "p ( a bigg] circle !n t :i* is d>k]4 ,_! frequ5t exp]i5ce ha? prov$ ?is1 & an easie obs]vation may quickely confirme x4 ,b n[ ?is _c proce$e f any o!r cause s probable1 z f ?is orbe ( aire1 especially :5 we consid] h[ t planet %9+ ) a borr[$ light1 do? n s5d =? any su* rayes z may make h] appe>ance bigg] !n h] body4 #b4 ',tis obs]v$ 9 ! ,sol>y eclipses1 t !re is a great trepidation ab\t ! body ( ! ,moone1 f :i* we may likewise argue an ,atmo-sphra1 s9ce we _c well conceive :at s probable a cause !re %\ld be ( su* an appe>ance z ?is1 ,quod radii ,sol>es vaporibus ,lunam ambi5tibus fu]9t int]cisi1#a t ! ,sun beames 7 brok5 & refract$ by ! vap\rs t encompass$ ! ,moone4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,s*e9]4 ,ros4 ,vrs4 l4 #d4 p>s #b4 c4 #bg4 #c4 ,i may adde ! l argum5t tak5 f ano!r obs]vation :i* w be easily tri$ & grant$4 ,:5 ! ,sunne is eclips$1 wee disc]ne ! ,moone z %ee is 9 h] owne naturall bignesse1 b !n %e appe>es some:at lesse !n :5 %ee is 9 ! full1 ?\gh %e be 9 ! same place ( h] suppos$ exc5trick & epicycle1 & !re=e ,ty*o ha? calculat$ a ,table = ! ,diamet] ( ! div]s new ,moones4 ,b n[ !re is no reason s probable to salve ?is appe>ance1 z to place an orbe ( ?ick] aire1 ne]e ! body ( t ,planet1 :i* may be enlight5$ by ! reflect$ beames1 & ?r\gh :i* ! direct raies may easily p5etrate4 ,b "s may object t ?is w n consi/ ) t :i* 0 be=e deliv]$1 :]e ,i said1 t ! ?9ne/ p>ts _h lea/ light4 ,if ?is 7 true1 h[ comes x to passe !n1 t ?is aire %\ld be z bright z any ( ! o!r p>ts1 :5 z tis ! ?9ne/ ( all8 ,i answ]1 if ! light be receiv$ by reflection1 !n ! ?icke/ body ha? mo/ because x is be/ able to be>e backe ! raies1 b if ! light be receiv$ by illum9ation#a 7especially if !re be an opac\s body beh9de1 :i* may d\ble ! beames by reflexion7 z x is "h1 !n ,i d5y n b a ?9ne body may reta9e mu* light1 & p]haps1 "s ( ^? appe>ances :i* wee take = fi]y comets1 are no?+ else b a bright cl\d enlight5$1 s t probable x is1 !re may be su* aire )\t ! ,moone1 & h5ce x comes to passe1 t ! great] spots are onely visible t[>ds h] middle p>ts1 & none ne]e ! circumf]5ce1 n b t !re are "s z well 9 ^? p>ts z else :]e1 b !y are n !re p]ceiveable1 by reason ( ^? bright] vap\rs :i* hide !m4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,hi/4 l4 #a4 c4 #g4 #aa4 ,proposition #aa4 ,t z _! _w is our ,moone1 s our _w is _! ,moone4 ,i h already h&l$ ! fir/ ?+ t ,i promis$ accord+ to ! ,me?od :i* ,ari/otle uses 9 8 ,booke de ,mundo1 & %ew'd y ! necess>y p>ts t belong to ?is _w 9 ! ,moone4 ,9 ! next place 'tis requisite t ,i proce$ to ^? ?+s :i* are extr9secall unto x1 z ! ,seasons1 ! ,meteors1 & ! ,inhabitants4 #a4 ,( ! ,seasons2 ,& if !re be su* a _w 9 ! ,moone1 'tis requisite !n t _! seasons %\ld be "s way correspond5t unto ours1 t !y %\ld h ,w9t] & ,summ]1 night & day1 z wee h4 ,n[ t 9 ?is ,planet !re is "s similitude ( ,w9t] & ,summ] is affirm$ by ,ari/otle #a himselfe1 s9ce !re is "o hemisphe>e t ha? alwaies heate & light1 & ! o!r t ha? d>knesse & cold4 ,true inde$1 _! daies & ye]es are alwaies ( "o & ! same l5g?1 b tis s ) u also "u ! ,poles1 & !re=e t great diff]5ce is n suffici5t to make x altoge!r unlike ours1 nor c we expect t e ?+ !re %\ld be 9 ! same mann] z x is "h bel[1 z if nature _h no way b "o to br+ ab\t h] purposes4 ,wee may easily see :at great diff]5ces !re are among/ u1 betwixt ?+s ( ! same k9de4 ,"s m5 7say !y7 #b !re are1 :o c live onely ^u smells1 )\t eat+ any ?+1 & ! same ,plant1 sai? ,besoldus1 ha? sometimes contr>y effects4 ,m&ragora :i* gr[es 9 ,syria inflames ! lu/1 :]as ,m&ragora :i* gr[s 9 o!r places do? coole ! blood qu5* lu/4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de g54 animal4 l4 #d4 #ab4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,plat4 de fac4 ,de natur populorum4 c4 #c4 ,n[ if ) u !re be su* great diff]5ce betwixt ?+s ( ! same k9de1 we h no reason !n to ?9ke x necess>y t bo? ^! worlds %\ld be altoge!r alike1 b x may suffice if !y bee correspond5t 9 some?+ onely1 h[ev] x may be que/ion$ :e!r x do? n seeme to be aga9/ ! wis$ome ( provid5ce1 to make ! night ( s great a l5g?1 :5 !y h su* a long "t unfit = worke8 ,i answ]e no1 s9ce tis s1 & m ) u also "u ! poles2 & besides1 ! g5]all l5g? ( _! night is some:at abat$ 9 ! bignesse ( _! ,moone :i* is our e>?4 ,= ?is returnes z great a light unto t ,planet1 z x receives f x4 ,b = ! bett] pro(e ( ?is1 ,i %all fir/ free ! way f su* op9ions z might o!rwise h9d] ! spe$e ( a cle>] progresse4 ,plut>*#a "o ( ! *iefe patrons ( ?is _w 9 ! ,moone1 do? directly contradict ?is proposition2 affirm+1 t ^? :o live !re may disc]ne our _w z ! dregges & s$im5t ( all o!r creatures1 appe>+ to !m ?r\gh cl\ds & foggy mi/s1 & t altoge!r devoid ( light1 be+ base & unmoveable1 s t !y might well imag9e ! d>ke place ( damnation to be "h situate1 & t !y onely 7 ! inhabit]s ( ! _w1 z be+ 9 ! mid/ betwixt ,heav5 & ,hell4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,plut4 de fac4 lun4 ,to ?is ,i may answ]e1 'tis probable t ,plut>* spake ?is inconsid]ately1 & )\t a reason1 :i* makes him likewise fall into ano!r absurditie1 :5 he sayes our e>? w\ld appe>e immoveable1 :]eas que/ionlesse ?\gh x did n1 yet w\ld x seeme to move1 & !irs to /& /ill1 z ! ,l& do? to a man 9 a ,%ippe2 accord+ to t ( ! ,poet3 ,provehimur portu1 t]rque urbesque rec$unt4 ,& ,i d\bt n b t +5u\s ,au?\r w\ld easily h recant$ if hee _h be5e b acqua9t$ ) ^? exp]i5ces :i* m5 ( latt] times h f\nd out1 = ! confirmation ( ?is tru?4 #b4 ,unto him ass5ts ,macrobius1 ^: words are ^!2 ,t]ra accepto solis lum9e cl>escit1 tantummod1 non relucet4 8,! e>? is by ! ,sunne-beames made bright1 b n able to enlight5 any ?+ s f>re40 ,& 8 reason is1 because ?is be+ ( a ?icke & grosse matt]1 ! light is t]m9at$ 9 its sup]ficies1 & _c p5etrate into ! sub/ance2 :]eas ! moone do? !re=e seeme s bright to u1 because x receives ! beames )9 x selfe4 ,b ! weaknesse ( ?is ass]tion1 may bee easily manife/ by a common exp]i5ce1 = poli%$ /eele 7^: opacity w n give any admittance to ! rayes7 reflects a /rong] heate !n glasse1 & s consequ5tly a great] light4 #c4 ',tis ! g5]all cons5t ( ,philosoph]s1 t ! reflection ( ! ,sunne-beames f ! e>? do? n rea* mu* above halfe a mile high1 :]e !y t]m9ate ! fir/ region1 s t to affirme !y might asc5d to ! moone1 7 to say1 !re 7 b "o region ( ai]1 :i* contradicts ! prov$ & receiv$ op9ion4 ,unto ?is x may be answ]$3 ,t x is inde$ ! common cons5t1 t ! reflexion ( ! ,sunne-beames rea* onely to ! second region1 b yet "s !re are1 & ^? too ,philosoph]s ( good note1 :o ?\ght o!rwise4 ,?us ,plot9us is cit$ by ,clius1#a ,si concipias te 9 sublimi quopiam mundi loco1 unde oculis subjiciatur t]r moles aquis circumfusa1 solis syd]umque radiis illu/rata1 non aliam pr(ecto visam iri probabile e/1 quam qualis modo visatur lun>is globi species4 8,if y did conceive y\r selfe to bee 9 "s su* high place1 :]e y might disc]ne ! :ole ,globe ( ! e>? & wat]1 :5 x 0 enlightn$ by ! ,sunnes rayes1 'tis probable x w\ld !n appe>e to y 9 ! same %ape z ! moone do? n[ unto u40 ,?us also ,c>olus ,malap]tius1 ^: words are ^!1#b ,t]ra hc no/ra si 9 luna con/ituti essemus1 spl5dida prorsus quasi non ignobilis planeta1 nobis app>]et4 8,if wee 7 plac$ 9 ! moone1 & f !nce beheld ?is our e>?1 x w\ld appe>e unto u v bright1 l "o ( ! nobl] ,planets40 ,unto ^! do? ,fromondus ass5t1 :5 he sayes1#c ,cr$o equidem quod si oculus quispiam 9 orbe lun>i =et1 globum t]r aqu in/> +5tis syd]is sole illu/rem conspic]et4 8,i believe t ?is globe ( e>? & wat] w\ld appe>e l "s great ,/>re to any "o1 :o %\ld looke ^u x f ! moone40 ,n[ ?is c\ld n be1 nor c\ld x %9e s rem>kably1 unlesse ! beames ( light1 7 reflect$ f x4 ,& !re=e ! same ,fromondus expresly holds1 t ! fir/ region ( ayre is !re t]m9at$1 :]e ! heate caus$ by reflexion beg9s to langui%1 :]eas ! beames !mselves doe passe a great way fur!r4 ,! *iefe argum5t :i* do? mo/ pla9ely manife/ ?is tru?1 is tak5 f a common obs]vation :i* may be easily try$4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,ant4 lect4 l4 #a4 c4 #d4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,prfat4 ad ,au/rica syd4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,meteor4 l4 #a4 c4 #b4 ,art4 #b4 ,if y behold ! ,moone a little be=e or aft] ! conjunction1 :5 %e is 9 a sextile ) ! ,sunne1 y may disc]ne n onely ! "p :i* is enlightn$1 b ! re/ also to h 9 x a k9d ( a duski% light1 b if y *use out su* a scituation1 :]e "s h\se or *imney 7be+ "s #gj or #hj paces di/ant f y7 may hide f y\r eye ! enlightn$ hornes1 y may !n disc]ne a great] & m rem>keable %9+ 9 ^? p>ts unto :i* ! ,sunne beames _c rea*2 nay !re is s great a light1 t by ! helpe ( a good p]spective y may disc]ne its spots4 ,inso mu* t ,blancanus ! ,jesuite speak+ ( x sayes#a ,hc exp]i5tia ita me aliqu&o fefellit1 ut 9 hunc fulgorem casu ac rep5te incid5s1 exi/im>im novo quodam miraculo tempore adolesc5tis lun factum esse pl5ilunium4 8,?is exp]im5t did once s deceive mee1 t happ5+ ^u ! sight ( ?is brightnesse ^u a sudd51 ,i ?\ght t by "s new miracle ! ,moone _h be5e got into h] full a little aft] h] *ange400 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de mundi fab4 p4 #c4 c4 #c4 ,b n[ ?is light is n prop] to ! ,moone1 x do? n proce$ f ! rayes ( ! ,sunne :i* do? p5etrate h] body1 nor is x caus$ by any o!r ( ! ,planets & ,/>res4 ,!re=e x mu/ necess>ily foll[1 t x comes f ! e>?4 ,! two fir/ ( ^! ,i h already prov$1 & z = ! la/1 x is confid5tly affirm$ by ,clius1#a ,quod si 9 disquisitionem evocet quia1 an lun>i syd]i lucem fn]5t planet item alii1 assev]ant] a/ru5dum non fn]>e4 8,if any %\ld aske :e!r ! o!r ,planets l5d any light to ! ,moone2 ,i answ] !y doe n40 ,true inde$1 ! noble ,ty*o#b discuss+ ! reason ( ?is light attributes x to ! ,planet ,u5us1 & ,i grant t ?is may convey "s light to ! ,moone2 b t x is n ! cause ( ?is :]e( wee n[ disc\rse1 is ( itselfe suffici5tly pla9e1 because ,u5us is sometimes ov] ! ,moone1 :5 z %ee _c convey any light to t "p :i* is turn$ f h]4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,progym4 #a4 ,sid5ote #b3 l4 #bj4 c4 #e4 ,x do? n proce$e f ! fix$ />res1 = !n x w\ld reta9e ! same light 9 eclipses1 :]eas ! light at su* times is m ruddy & dull4 ,!n also ! light ( ! ,moone w\ld n be great] or less]1 accord+ to its di/ance f ! edge ( ! e>?s %ad[1 s9ce x did at all times equally p>ticipate ?is light ( ! />res4 ,n[ because !re is no o!r body 9 ! :ole ,univ]se1 save ! e>?1 x rema9es t ?is light mu/ necess>ily be caus$ by t :i* ) a j gratitude repaies to ! ,moone1 su* illum9ation z x receives f h]4 ,& z lov+ fri5ds equally p>ticipate ( ! same joy & griefe1 s doe ^! mutually p>take ( ! same light f ! ,sunne1 & ! same d>k5esse f ! eclipses1 be+ also sev]ally help$ by "o ano!r 9 _! greate/ wants3 ,= :5 ! ,moone is 9 conjunction ) ! ,sunne1 & h] upp] "p receives all ! light1 !n h] l[] ,hemisphe>e 7:i* w\ld o!rwise be altoge!r d>ke7 is enlight5$ by ! reflexion ( ! ,sunne beames f ! e>?4 ,:5 ^! two planets are 9 opposition1 !n t "p ( ! e>? :i* c\ld n receive any light f ! ,sunne beames1 is mo/ enlight5$ by ! ,moone1 be+ !n 9 h] full2 & z %e do? mo/ illum9ate ! e>? :5 ! ,sunne beames _c1 s ! gratefull e>? returnes to h] z great1 nay great] light :5 %ee mo/ wants x2 s t alwaies t visible "p ( ! ,moone :i* receives no?+ f ! ,sunne1 is enlight5$ by ! e>?1 z is prov$ by ,galilu1 ) _m m argum5ts1 9 t ,treatise :i* he calls ,sy/ema mundi4 ,true inde$1 :5 ! ,moone comes to a qu>tile1 !n y c nei!r disc]ne ?is light1 nor yet ! d>k] "p ( h] body1 b ! reason is1 because ( ! exup]ancy ( ! light 9 ! o!r p>ts4 ,quippe illu/ratum m$ium speciem recipit val5tiorem1#a ! cle>] brightnesse involves ! weak]1 x be+ ) ! species ( sight1 z x is ) ^? ( s\nd1 & z ! great] noise dr[nes ! lesse1 s ! bright] object hides t :i* is m obscure4 ,b !y doe alwaies 9 _! mutuall vicissitudes p>ticipate ( "o ano!rs light2 s also doe !y p>take ( ! same defects & d>kn+s1 = :5 our ,moone is eclips$1 !n is _! ,sunne d>k5$1 & :5 our ,sunne is eclips$1 !n is _! ,moone depriv$ ( its light1 z y may see affirm$ by ,msl94#b ,quod si t]ram nobis ex alto lic]et intu]i1 quemadmodum defici5tem lunam ex long9quo spect>e possumus1 vid]emus tempore eclipsis solis t]r aliquam p>tem lum9e solis defic]e1 eodem plan modo sicut ex opposito luna deficit1 8,if wee might behold ?is globe ( e>? at ! same di/ance z we doe ! ,moone 9 h] defects1 wee might disc]ne "s "p ( x d>k5$ 9 ! ,sunnes eclipses1 j s z ! ,moone is 9 h]s40 ,= z our ,moone is eclips$ by ! int]position ( our e>?1 s is _! ,moone eclips$ by ! int]position ( !irs4 ,! mann] ( ?is mutuall illum9ation betwixt ^! two y may pla9ly disc]ne 9 ?is ,figure foll[+4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,scal4 ex]c4 #fb4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,epit4 ,a/ro4 l4 #d4 "p4 #b4 ,illu/ration z describ$ 9 text3 sun1 cresc5t moon & gibb\s e>? ,:]e ,a repres5ts ! ,sun1 ,b ! ,e>?1 & ,c ! ,moone2 ,n[ suppose ! ,moone ,c to be 9 a sextile ( increase1 :5 !re is onely "o small "p ( h] body enlight5$1 !n ! e>? ,b w h su* a "p ( its visible ,hemisphe>e d>k5$1 z is proportionable to t "p ( ! ,moone :i* is enlight5$2 & z = s mu* ( ! ,moone1 z ! ,sun beames _c rea* unto1 x receives light f a proportionall "p ( ! e>? :i* %9es ^u x1 z y may pla9ly p]ceive by ! ,figure4 ,y see !n t agreem5t & similitude :i* !re is betwixt our e>? & ! ,moone4 ,n[ ! greate/ diff]5ce :i* makes !m unlike1 is ?is1 t ! ,moone enlight5s our e>? r\nd ab\t1 :]eas our e>? gives light onely to t ,hemisphe>e ( ! ,moone :i* is visible unto u1 z may be c]ta9ly ga!r$ f ! con/ant appe>ance ( ! same spots1 :i* c\ld n ?us come to passe1 if ! ,moone _h su* a diurnall motion ab\t its own axis1 z p]haps our e>? ha?4 ,& ?\gh "s suppose h] to move 9 an epicycle1 yet ?is do? n s turne h] body r\nd1 t we may disc]ne bo? ,hemisphe>es1 = accord+ to t hypo!sis1 ! motion ( h] ecc5trick1 do? turne h] face t[>ds u1 z mu* z ! o!r do? f u4 ,b n[ if any "q :at !y doe = a ,moone :o live 9 ! upp] "p ( h] body8 ,i answ]1 ! solv+ ( ?is is ! mo/ unc]ta9e & difficult ?+ t ,i "k ( conc]n+ ?is :ole matt]4 ,b yet ,i w give y two probable conjectures4 #a4 ,p]haps1 ! upp] ,hemisphe>e ( ! ,moone do? receive a suffici5t light f ^? planets ab\t x1 & among/ ^! ,v5us 7x may be7 be/[es a m especiall brightnesse1 s9ce ,galilu ha? pla9ly disc]n$ t %e suff]s ! same increase & decreases1 z ! ,moone ha?1 & 'tis probable t ?is may be p]ceiv$ !re )\t ! help ( a glasse1 because !y are f>re ne]] x ?an wee4 ,:5 ,v5us 7sai? ,kepl>7 lies d[ne 9 ! ,p]ige or l[] "p ( h] suppos$ ,epicycle1 !n is %e 9 conjunction ) h] husb& ! ,sunne1 f :om aft] %e ha? dep>t$ = ! space ( t5 mone?s1 %ee gets pl5um ut]um1 & is 9 ! full4 ,b y'll reply1 ?\gh ,v5us may be/[ "s light :5 %e is ov] ! ,moone1 & 9 conjunction1 yet be+ 9 opposition1 %e is n visible to !m1 & :at %all !y !n doe = light8 ,i answ]1 !n !y h none3 nor do? ?is make s great a diff]5ce betwixt ^? two ,hemisphe>es z !re is ) u1 betwixt ! places "u ! poles1 & ! l9e1 b if ?is bee n suffici5t1 !n ,i say 9 ! second place t #b4 ,p]haps !re may be "s o!r enlight5$ body above ! ,moone :i* we _c disc]ne1 nor is ?is altoge!r improbable because !re is almo/ ! l obs]v$ 9 ,saturne1 :o appe>es ?r\gh ?is glasse ) two less] bodies on ea* side1 :i* may supply ! (fice ( ,moones1 unto ea* hemisphe>e ?us3 o ,o o ,s 9 ?is _w also !re may be "s su* body1 ?\gh wee _c disc]ne x1 because ! ,moone is alwaies 9 a /reight l9e1 betwixt our eye & t4 ,nor is x altoge!r unlikely t !re %\ld bee m moones to "o ,orbe1 because ,jupit] also is obs]v$ to h f\re su* bodies t move r\nd ab\t him4 ,b x may seeme a v difficult ?+ to conceive1 h[ s grosse & d>ke a body z our e>?1 %\ld yeeld su* cle>e light z proce$es f ! ,moone1 & !re=e ! ,c>d9all de ,cusa#a 7:o ?9kes e ,/>re to be a sev]all _w7 is ( op9ion t ! light ( ! ,sunne is n able to make !m appe>e s bright1 b ! reason ( _! %9+ is1 because wee behold !m at a great di/ance ?r\gh _! regions ( fire :i* doe set a %9+ lu/re ^u ^? bodies t ( !mselves are d>ke4 ,vnde si quis esset extra regionem ignis1 t]ra i/a 9 circumf]5tia su regionis p] m$ium ignis lucida /ella app>]et4 8,s t if man 7 beyond ! region ( fire1 ?is e>? w\ld appe> ?r\gh t z a bright ,/>re40 ,b if ?is 7 ! onely reason !n w\ld ! ,moone bee fre$ f su* increases & decreases z %ee is n[ lyable unto4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de doct4 ig4 l4 #b4 c4 #ab4 ,kepl> ?9kes t our e>? receives t light :]eby x %9es f ! ,sunne1 b ?is 7sai? he7 is n su* an int5d$ cle>e brightnesse z ! ,moone is capable (1 & !re=e hee guesses1 t ! e>? !re is ( a m *okie soyle l ! ,ile ( ,creete1 & s is bett] able to reflect a /rong] light1 :]eas our e>? mu/ supply ?is int5tion ) ! quantity ( its body1 b ?is ,i conceive to be a ne$lesse conjecture1 s9ce our e>? if all ?+s 7 well consid]$1 w be f\nd able en\gh to reflect z great a light4 ,= #a4 ,consid] its opacity1 if y m>ke ^! sublun>y ?+s1 y %all p]ceive t among/ !m1 ^? t are mo/ p]spicu\s1 are n s well able to rev]b]ate ! ,sunne beames z ! ?ick] bodies4 ,! rayes passe s+ly ?r\gh a diaphan\s matt]1 b 9 an opac\s sub/ance !y are d\bl$ 9 _! returne & multiply$ by reflexion4 ,n[ if ! moone & ! o!r ,planets c %9e s cle>ely by beat+ backe ! ,sunne beames1 :y may n ! e>? also %9e z well1 :i* agrees ) !m 9 ! cause ( ?is brightnesse _! opacity8 #b4 ,consid] :at a cle>e light wee may disc]ne reflect$ f ! e>? 9 ! midde/ ( ,summ]1 & )all conceive h[ mu* great] t mu/ bee :i* is "u ! l9e1 :]e ! rayes are m directly & /rongly rev]b]at$4 #c4 ,consid] ! great di/ance at :i* wee behold ! ,planets1 = ?is mu/ ne$s adde mu* to _! %9+ & !re=e ,cusanus 79 ! above cit$ place7 ?9kes t if a man 7 9 ! ,sunne1 t ,planet w\ld n appe>e s bright to him1 z n[ x do? to u1 because !n 8 eye c\ld disc]ne b little1 :]eas "h wee may compreh5d ! beames z !y are contract$ 9 a n>r[ body4 ,kepl> behold+ ! e>? f a high m\nta9e :5 x 0 enlightn$ by ! ,sunne confesses t x appe>$ unto him ( an incr$ible brightnesse1 :]eas !n ! reflect$ rayes ent]$ into 8 sight obliquely2 b h[ mu* bright] w\ld x h appe>$ if hee might 9 a direct l9e behold ! :ole globe ( e>? & ^! rayes ga!r$ toge!r8 ,s t if wee consid] t great light :i* ! e>? receives f ! ,sunne 9 ! ,summ]1 & !n suppose wee 7 9 ! ,moone1 :]e wee might see ! :ole e>? hang+ 9 ^? va/ spaces :]e !re is no?+ to t]m9ate ! sight1 b ^? beames :i* are !re contract$ into a little compasse2 ,i say1 if wee doe well consid] ?is1 wee may easily conceive1 t our e>? appe>es z bright to ^? o!r inhabitants 9 ! ,moone1 z !irs do? to u4 ,proposition #ab4 ,t tis probable !re may bee su* ,meteors belong+ to t _w 9 ! ,moone1 z !re are ) u4 ,plut>* discuss+ ?is po9t affirmes t x is n necess>y !re %\ld be ! same meanes ( gr[? & fructify+ 9 bo? ^! worlds1 s9ce nature might 9 h] policy f9de out m waies !n "o h[ to br+ ab\t ! same effect4 ,b h[ev] he ?9ks its probable t ! ,moone h] selfe s5de? =? w>me w9ds1 & by ! swiftnesse ( h] motion !re %\ld brea! out a sweet & com=table ay]1 pleasant dewes & g5tle moy/ure1 :i* might s]ve = ! refre%+ & n\ri%m5t ( ! inhabitants & plants 9 t o!r _w4 ,b s9ce !y h all ?+s alike ) u1 z sea & l&1 & vapor\s ay] encompass+ bo?1 ,i %\ld r !re=e ?9ke t nature !re %\ld use ! same way ( produc+ meteors z %e do? ) u 7& n by a motion z ,plut>* supposes7 because %ee do? n love to v>y f h] usuall op]ations )\t "s extraord9>y imp$im5t1 b /ill keepes h] beat5 pa? unlesse %e be driv5 !nce4 ,"o argum5t :]eby ,i %all manife/ ?is tru?1 may be tak5 f ^? new ,/>res :i* h appe>$ 9 div]s ages ( ! _w1 & by _! p>allax h be5e disc]n$ to h be5 above ! ,moone1 su* z 0 t 9 ,cassiopeia1 t 9 ,sagitt>ius1 ) _m o!rs betwixt ! ,planets4 ,hipp>*us 9 8 "t tooke especiall notice ( su* z ^!1#a & !re=e fanci$ out su* con/ellations 9 :i* to place ! ,/>res1 %ew+ h[ _m !re 7 9 e a/]isme1 t s aft]w>ds po/]ity might "k1 :e!r !re 7 any new ,/>re produc$ or any old "o miss+4 ,n[ ! nature ( ^! ,comets may probably manife/1 t 9 ?is o!r _w !re are o!r meteors also2 = ^! 9 all likelihood are no?+ else b su* evaporations caus$ by ! ,sunne1 f ! bodies ( ! ,planets4 ,i %all prove ?is by %ew+ ! improbabilities & inconv5i5ces ( any o!r op9ion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,pl94 nat4 hi/4 l4 #b4 c4 #bf4 ,= ! bett] pursuite ( ?is 'tis 9 ! fir/ place requisite t ,i deale ) our *iefe adv]s>y1 ,cs> la ,galla1 :o do? mo/ directly oppose t tru? :i* is "h to bee prov$4 ,hee endeav\r+ to confirme ! incorruptibility ( ! ,heav5s1 & be+ !re to satisfie ! argum5t :i* is tak5 f ^! comets1 ,he answ]s x ?us3 ,aut argum5tum desumptum ex p>alaxi non e/ efficax1 aut si e/ efficax1 eorum in/rum5torum usum decip]e1 vel ratione a/ri vel m$ii1 vel di/anti1 aut ergo erat 9 suprema p>te a]is1 aut si 9 clo1 tum =san factum erat ex reflectione radiorum ,saturni ,jovis1 qui tunc 9 conjunctione fu]ant4 8,ei!r ! argum5t f ! p>alax is n efficaci\s1 or if x be1 yet ! use ( ! in/rum5ts might deceive ei!r 9 reg>d ( ! />re or ! m$ium1 or ! di/ance1 & s ?is comet might be 9 ! upp] regions ( ! aire1 or if x 7 9 ! heav5s1 !re x might be produc$ by ! reflexion ( ! rayes f ,saturne & ,jupit]1 :o 7 !n 9 conjunction40 ,y see :at %ifts hee is driv5 to1 h[ he runnes up & d[ne to _m />t+ holes1 t hee may f9d "s %elt]1 & 9 /ead ( ! /r5g? ( reason1 he answ]s ) a multitude ( words1 ?9k+ 7z ! ,prov]be is7 t hee may use haile1 :5 hee ha? no ?und]1 ,nihil turpius 7sai? #a99,s5eca7 dubio e/ inc]to1 p$em modo ref]5te1 modo produc5te4 8,:at c !re bee m unseemely 9 "o t %\ld be a faire disputant1 !n to be n[ "h1 n[ !re1 & s unc]ta9e1 t "o _c tell :]e to f9d him40 ,he ?9kes t !re are n ,comets 9 ! heav5s1 because !re may be _m o!r reasons ( su* appe>ances1 b :at he kn[es n1 p]haps 7he saies7 t argum5t f ! p>allax is n suffici5t1 or if x be1 !n !re may be "s deceit 9 ! obs]vation4 ,to ?is ,i may safely say1 t hee may ju/ly be acc\nt$ a weake ,ma!matician :o mi/ru/s ! /r5g? ( ?is argum5t1 nor c hee "k mu* 9 ,a/ronomy1 :o und]/&s n ! p>allax1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( t ,sci5ce1 & ,i am sure t hee is a timor\s man1 :o d>es n believe ! frequ5t exp]i5ce ( 8 s5ses1 or tru/ to a demon/ration4 ,sid5ote #a993 ,epi/4 #ie4 ,true inde$1 ,i grant tis possible1 t ! eye1 ! m$ium1 & ! di/ance may al deceive ! behold]1 b ,i w\ld h him %ew :i* ( all ^! 0 likely to cause an error 9 ?is obs]vation8 ,me]ely to say !y might be deceiv$ is no suffici5t answ]1 = by ?is ,i might confute ! positions ( all ,a/ronom]s1 & affirme ! />res are h>d by u1 because 'tis possible !y may be deceiv$ 9 _! obs]v+ t di/ance4 ,b ,i =be>e any fur!r reply2 my op9ion is ( t ,treatise1 t ei!r x 0 set =? purposely to tempt a confutation1 t hee might see ! op9ion ( ,galilu confirm$ by o!rs1 or else x 0 inv5t$ ) z mu* ha/e & neglig5ce z x 0 pr9t$1 !re be+ 9 x almo/ z _m faults z l9es4 ,o!rs ?9ke t ^! are n any new ,comets1 b "s anci5t />res t 7 !re be=e1 :i* n[ %9e ) t unusuall brightnesse1 by reason ( ! int]position ( su* vapors :i* doe multiply _! light1 & s ! alt]ation w be "h onely1 & n 9 ! heav5s4 ,?us ,ari/otle ?\ght ! appe>ance ( ! milkie way 0 produc$1 = he held t !re 7 _m little />res1 :i* by _! influ5ce did con/antly attract su* a vap\r t[>ds t place ( heav51 s t x alwaies appe>$ :ite4 ,n[ by ! same reason may a bright] vapor be ! cause ( ^! appe>ances4 ,b h[ probable soev] ?is op9ion may seeme1 yet if well consid]$1 y %all f9de x to be altoge!r absurd & impossible3 =1 #a4 ,^! />res 7 nev] se5e !re be=e1 & tis n likely t a vap\r be+ h>d by u c s multiply t light :i* c\ld n be=e be at all disc]n$4 #b4 ,?is suppos$ vap\r _c be ei!r contract$ into a n>r[ compasse or dilat$ into a broad3 #a4 x c\ld n be )9 a little space1 = !n t />re w\ld n appe>e ) ! same multipli$ light to ^? 9 o!r climates3 #b4 x _c be a dilat$ vap\r1 = !n o!r />res :i* 7 disc]n$ ?r\gh ! same vap\r w\ld seeme z bigg z t2 ?is argum5t is ! same 9 effect ) t ( ! p>alax1 z y may see 9 ?is ,figure4 ,illu/ration ,suppose ,a ,b to be a ,hemisphe>e ( "o e>?1 ,c ,d to be ! upp] "p ( ! highe/ region1 9 :i* !re might be ei!r a contract$ vap\r1 z ,g1 or else a dilat$ "o1 z ,h ,i4 ,suppose ,e ,f likewise to repres5t halfe ! heav5s1 :]e9 0 ?is appe>+ ,comet at ,k4 ,n[ ,i say1 t a contract$ vap\r1 z ,g1 c\ld n cause ?is appe>ance1 because an inhabitant at ,m c\ld n disc]ne ! same />re ) ?is brightnesse1 b p]haps ano!r at ,l1 betwixt :i* ! vap\r is directly int]pos$4 ,nor c\ld x be caus$ by a dilat$ vap\r1 z ,h ,i1 because !n all ! />res t 7 disc]n$ ?r\gh x w\ld be p]ceiv$ ) ! same brightnesse4 ,tis necess>y !re=e t ! cause ( ?is appe>ance %\ld be 9 ! heav5s4 ,& ?is is grant$ by ! mo/ & be/ ,a/ronom]s4 ,b1 say "s1 ?is do? n argue any naturall alt]ation 9 ^? pur] bodies1 s9ce tis probable t ! conc\rse ( _m little vagabond />res by ! union ( _! beames may cause s great a light4 ,( ?is op9ion 7 ,anaxagoras & ,z5o among/ ! anci5t1 & ,bapti/a ,cisatus1 ,blancanus1 ) o!rs among/ our mod]ne ,a/ronom]s4 ,=1 say !y1 :5 !re happ5s to be a conc\rse ( "s few />res1 !n doe _m o!r flie unto !m f all ! p>ts ( heav5 l s _m ,bees unto _! ,k+4 ,b #a4 tis n likely t among/ ^? :i* wee c\nt ! fix$ />res !re %\ld be any su* unc]ta9e motions1 t !y c w&] f all p>ts ( ! heav5s1 z if ,nature _h neglect$ !m1 or =got to appo9t !m a det]m9ate c\rse4 #b4 ,if !re be su* a conflux ( ^!1 z ( ,bees to _! ,k+1 !n :at reason is !re t !y doe n /ill t>ry ) x1 t s ! ,comet may n be dissolv$8 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,y may commonly see x confut$ by _m o!r argum5ts4 ,o!rs !re are1 :o affirme ^! to be "s new creat$ />s1 produc$ by an extraord9>y sup]naturall p[]4 ,i answ]1 true inde$1 tis possible !y might be s1 b h[ev] tis n likely !y 7 s1 s9ce su* appe>ances may be salv$ "s o!r way1 :]e=e to fly unto a miracle = su* ?+s1 7 a great injury to nature1 & to d]ogate f h] skill1 an indignitie mu* mis-becomm+ a man :o pr(esses himselfe to be a ,philosoph]1 ,miraculum 7sai? "o7 e/ ignoranti ,asylum1 a miracle (t5 s]ves = ! receptacle ( a lazy ignorance :i* any indu/ri\s ,_s w\ld be a%am$ (1 x be+ b an idle way to %ift (f ! lab\r ( any fur!r se>*4 ,b "h's ! mis]y ( x1 wee fir/ tie our selves unto ,ari/otles ,pr9ciples1 & !n conclude1 t no?+ c\ld contradict !m b a miracle1 :]eas 'tw\ld be mu* bett] = ! ,common-weal? ( le>n+1 if we w\ld gr\nd our ,pr9ciples r ^u ! frequ5t exp]i5ces ( our owne1 !n ! b>e au?ority ( o!rs4 ,"s !re are1 :o ?9ke t ^! ,comets are no?+ else1 b exhalations f our e>?1 c>ri$ up into ! high] p>ts ( ! ,heav54 ,s ,p5o1 ,ro?mannus ,galilu1#a b ?is is n possible1 s9ce by computation 'tis f\nd t "o ( !m is above #cjj times bigg] ?an ! :ole ,globe ( ,l& & ,wat]4 ,o!rs !re=e h ?\ght t !y did proce$ f ! body ( ! ,sun1 & t t ,planet onely is ,comet>um (fic9a1 unde tanquam emiss>ii exploratores emitt]5tur1 brevi ad solem r$ituri3 ,! %op or =ge ( ,comets f :5ce !y 7 s5t1 l s _m spies1 t !y might 9 "s %ort space returne aga9e1 b ?is _c be1 s9ce if s mu* matt] _h proce$$ f him alone1 x w\ld h made a s5sible dim9ution 9 8 body4 ,! ,noble ,ty*o !re=e ?9kes t !y consi/ ( "s su* fluid] p>ts ( ! ,heav51 z ! milkie way is fram$ (1 :i* be+ cond5/ toge!r1 yet n atta9+ to ! consi/5cy ( a ,/>re1 is 9 "s space ( "t r>ifi$ aga9e into its wont$ nature4 ,b ?is is n likely1 = if !re _h be5e s great a cond5sation z to make !m %9e s bright1 & la/ s long1 !y w\ld !n s5sibly h mov$ d[new>ds t[>ds "s c5t] ( gravity1 because :atsoev] is cond5/ mu/ necess>ily gr[ heavi]1 :]eas ^! r seem$ to asc5d high]1 z !y la/$ long]4 ,b "s may object1 t a ?+ may be ( ! same weight1 :5 x is r>ifi$1 z x _h :ile x 0 cond5/3 s metalls1 :5 !y are melt$1 & :5 !y are cold3 s wat] also :5 x is froz51 & :5 x is fluid1 do? n diff] 9 respect ( gravity4 ,b to ^! ,i answ]3 ,fir/1 ,metalls are n r>ifi$ by melt+1 b molifi$4 ,secondly1 wat]s are n prop]ly cond5s$1 b congeal$ into a h>d] sub/ance1 ! p>ts be+ n contract$ clos] toge!r1 b /ill possess+ ! same ext5sion4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,ty*o ,progym4 l4 #a4 cap4 #i4 ,& beside1 :at likely cause c we conceive ( ?is cond5sation1 unlesse !re be su* qualities !re1 z !re are 9 our ayre1 & !n :y may n ! ,planets h ! l qualities1 z our e>?8 & if s1 !n 'tis m probable t !y are made by ! ord9>y way ( nature1 z !y are ) u1 & consi/ ( exhalations f ! bodies ( ! ,planets4 ,nor is ?is a s+ul> op9ion2 b x seem$ mo/ likely to ,camillus ,gloriosus1 ,?4 ,campanella1 ,fromondus1#a ) "s o!rs4 ,b if y aske :i!r all ^! exhalations %all returne1 ,i answ]1 e "o into 8 owne ,planet3 if x be aga9e object$1#b t !n !re w be s _m c5t]s ( gravity1 & ea* sev]all ,planet w be a di/9ct _w2 ,i reply1 p]haps all ( !m are s except ! ,sunne1 ?\gh ,cusanus ?9kes !re is "o also1 & lat] times h discov]$ "s less] ,planets mov+ r\nd ab\t him4 ,b z = ,saturne1 he ha? two ,moones on ea* side4 ,jupit] ha? f\re1 t incircle 8 body ) _! motion4 ,v5us is obs]v$ to increase & decrease z ! ,moone4 ,m>s1 & all ! re/1 d]ive _! light f ! ,sunne onely4 ,conc]n+ ,m]cury1 !re ha? be5e little or no obs]vation1 because = ! mo/ "p1 he lies hid "u ! ,sunne beames1 & seldome appe>es by himselfe4 ,s t if y consid] _! quantity1 _! opacity1 or ^! o!r discov]ies1 y %all f9de x probable en\gh1 t ea* ( !m may be a sev]all _w4 ,b ?is w\ld be too mu* = to v5t at ! fir/3 ! *iefe ?+ at :i* ,i n[ ayme 9 ?is disc\rse1 is to prove t !re may be "o 9 ! ,moone4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de ,comet4 l4 #e4 c4 #d4 ,apolog4 ,meteor4 l4 #c4 c4 #b4 ,art4 #f4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,iohan4 ,fabr4 ,c>olus ,malaptius de ,heliocyc4 ,s*e9]4 ,rosa ,vrs9a4 ,x ha? be5e be=e confirm$ t !re 0 a sphe>e ( ?icke vapor\s aire encompas+ ! ,moone1 z ! fir/ & second regions doe ?is e>?4 ,i h n[ %ew$1 t !nce su* exhalations may proce$e z doe produce ! ,comets3 n[ f h5ce x may probably foll[1 t !re may be w9d also & ra9e1 ) su* o!r ,meteors z are common among/ u4 ,?is consequ5ce is s dep5dant1 t ,fromondus#a d>es n d5y x1 ?\gh hee w\ld 7z hee confesses himselfe7 = if ! ,sunne be able to exhale f !m su* fumes z may cause ,comets1 :y n !n su* z may cause w9ds1 & :y n su* also z cause ra9e1 s9ce ,i h above %ew$1 t !re is ,sea & ,l& z ) u4 ,n[ ra9e seemes to be m especially requisite = !m1 s9ce x may allay ! heate & scor*+s ( ! ,sunne1 :5 he is ov] _! heads4 ,& nature ha? ?us provid$ = ^? 9 ,p]u1 ) ! o!r inhabitants "u ! l9e4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de meteor4 l4 #c4 c4 #b4 ,art4 #f4 ,b if !re be su* great1 & frequ5t alt]ations 9 ! ,heav5s1 :y _c wee disc]ne !m8 ,i answ]3 #a4 ,!re may be su*1 & we n able to p]ceive !m1 because ( ! weaknesse ( our eye1 & ! di/ance ( ^? places f u1 !y are ! words ( ,fi5us1 z !y are quot$ by ,fromondus 9 ! above cit$ place1 ,possunt maxim p]mutationes 9 clo fi]i1 etiamsi a nobis non conspiciantur1 hoc visus no/ri debilitas imm5sa cli di/antia faciunt4 ,& unto him ass5ts ,fromondus himselfe1 :5 a little aft] hee saies1 ,si 9 sphris planet>um deg]emus1 plurima =san cle/ium nebul>um vell]e toto !re passim disp]sa vid]emus1 quorum species jam evanescit nimia spatii int]cap$9e4 8,if we did live 9 ! sphe>es ( ! ,planets1 wee might !re1 p]haps1 disc]ne _m great cl\ds disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ole ,heav5s1 :i* are n n[ visible by reason ( ?is great di/ance40 #b4 ,msl9 & ,kepl> affirme1 t !y h se5e "s ( ^! alt]ations4 ,! words ( ,msl9 are ^! 7z ,i f9de !m cit$47#a ,9 eclipsi ,lun>i vesp]e ,dom9ic ,palm>um ,anni #afje1 9 corpore ,lun v]sus ,boream1 nigricans qudam macula conspecta fuit1 obscurior ct]o toto corpore1 quod c&5tis f]ri figuram reprs5tabat2 dixisses nubila 9 multam regionem ext5sa pluviis tempe/uosis imbribus gravida1 cujusmodi ab excelsorum montium jugis 9 humiliora convallium loca vid]e non r> cont+it4 8,9 t lun>y eclipse :i* happ5$ 9 ! ev5 ( ,palme-sunday1 9 ! ye]e #afje1 !re 0 a c]ta9e blacki% spot disc]n$ 9 ! ,nor!rly "p ( ! ,moone1 be+ d>k] ?an any o!r "p ( h] body1 & repres5t+ ! col\r ( r$ hot yron2 y might conjecture t x 0 "s dilat$ cl\d1 be+ pregnant ) %[]s1 = ?us doe su* l[] cl\ds appe>e f ! tops ( high m\nta9es40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,diss]4 #b4 cum nunc4 ,galil4 ,unto ?is ,i may adde ano!r te/imony ( ,bapt4 ,cisatus1 z he is quot$ by ,ni]emb]gius1#a gr\nd$ ^u an obs]vation tak5 #bc4 ye]es aft] ?is ( ,msl91 & writ to ?is ,euseb4 ,ni]emb]g4 9 a lett] by t dilig5t & judici\s ,a/ronom]4 ,! words ( x runne ?us3 ,et quidem 9 eclipsi nupra sol>i qu fuit ipso die natali ,*ri/i1 obs]vavi cl> 9 luna soli supposita1 quidpiam quod valde probat id ipsum quod ,comet quoque macul sol>es urg5t1 nempe clum non esse t5uitate v>iationibus a]is exemptum1 nam circa ,lunam adv]ti esse sphram seu orbem qu5dam vaporosum1 non secus atque circum t]ram1 adeoque sicut ex t]ra 9 aliquam usque sphram vapores exhalationes expirant1 ita quoque ex luna4 8,9 t late sol>y eclipse :i* happ5$ on ,*ri/mas day1 :5 ! ,moone 0 j "u ! ,sunne1 ,i pla9ly disc]n$ t 9 h] :i* may cle>ely confirme :at ! ,comets & ,sunne spots doe seeme to prove1 viz4 t ! heav5s are n solid1 nor fre$ f ^? *anges :i* our aire is liable unto1 = ab\t ! ,moone ,i p]ceiv$ su* an orbe ( vapor\s aire1 z t is :i* do? encompasse our e>?1 & z vap\rs & exhalations1 are rais$ f our e>? into ?is aire1 s are !y also f ! ,moone40 ,sid5ote #a3 ,hi/4 ,nat4 l4 #b4 c4 #aa4 ,y see :at probable gr\nds & pla9e te/imonies h br\ght = ! confirmation ( ?is ,proposition3 _m o!r ?+s 9 ?is behalfe might be spok51 :i* = brevity sake ,i n[ omit1 & passe unto ! next4 ,proposition #ac4 ,t tis probable !re may be inhabitants 9 ?is o!r ,_w1 b ( :at k9de !y are is unc]ta9e4 ,i h already h&l$ ! ,seasons & ,meteors belong+ to ?is new ,_w3 'tis requisite t 9 ! next place ,i %\ld come unto ! ?ird ?+ :i* ,i promis$1 & to say some:at ( ! inhabitants1 conc]n+ :om !re might be _m difficult que/ions rais$1 z :e!r t place be m inconv5i5t = habitation !n our ,_w 7z ,kepl> ?9kes7 :e!r !y are ! se$ ( ,adam1 :e!r !y are !re 9 a bless$ e/ate1 or else :at meanes !re may be = _! salvation1 ) _m o!r su* unc]ta9e enquiries1 :i* ,i %all will+ly omit1 leav+ x to _! exam9ation1 :o h m leisure & le>n+ = ! se>* ( su* p>ticul>s4 ,be+ = m9e own "p cont5t only to set d[ne su* notes belong+ unto ^! :i* h obs]v$ 9 o!r ,writ]s4 ,cum tota illa regio nobis ignota sit1 reman5t inhabitores illi ignoti p5itus1 7sai? ,cusanus7#a s9ce we "k n ! regions ( t place1 wee mu/ be altoge!r ignorant ( ! inhabitants4 ,!re ha? n yet be5e any su* discov]y conc]n+ ^!1 ^u :i* wee may build a c]ta9ty1 or good probability3 well may wee guesse at !m1 & t too v d\btfully1 b we c "k no?+1 = if we doe h>dly guesse aright at ?+s :i* be ^u e>?1 if ) lab\r wee doe f9de ! ?+s t are at h&1 #b;h[ !n c wee se>* out ^? ?+s t are 9 ,heav58 ,:at a little is t :i* wee "k8 9 respect ( ^? _m matt]s conta9$ )9 ?is great ,univ]se1 ?is :ole globe ( e>? & wat]8 ?\gh x seeme to u to be ( a l>ge ext5t1 yet x be>es n s great a proportion unto ! :ole frame ( ,nature1 z a small s& do? unto x2 & :at c su* little creatures z wee disc]ne1 :o are ti$ to ?is po9t ( e>?8 or :at c !y 9 ! ,moone "k ( u8 ,if wee und]/& any ?+ 7sai? ,esdras#c7 'tis no?+ b t :i* is ^u ! e>?1 & hee t dwelle? above 9 ! ,heav5s1 may onely und]/& ! ?+s t are above 9 ! heigh? ( ! heav5s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de doct4 ign4 l4 #b4 c4 #ab4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,wisd4 #i4 #af4 ,sid5ote #c3 #b ,esd4 #d4 #bb4 ,s t 'tw]e a v ne$elesse ?+ = u1 to se>* aft] any p>ticul>s1 h[ev]1 wee may guesse 9 ! g5]all1 t !re are "s inhabitans 9 t ,planet3 = :y else did ,provid5ce furni% t place ) all su* conv5i5ces ( habitation z h be5e above decl>$8 ,b y w say1 p]haps1 is !re n too great & intoll]able a heate1 s9ce ! ,sunne is 9 _! ,z9i? e mone?1 & do? t>ry _! s long be=e hee leaves x8 ,i answ]1 #a4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be rem$i$ 7z x is "u ! l9e7 by ! frequ5cie ( mid-day %[]s1 :i* may cl\d _! ,sunne1 & coole _! e>?3 #b4 ,! equality ( _! nights do? mu* temp] ! scor*+ ( ! day1 & ! extreme cold t comes f ! "o1 require "s space be=e x c be dispell$ by ! o!r1 s t ! heate sp5d+ a great :ile be=e x c h ! victory1 ha? n aft]w>ds mu* "t to rage 94 ,:]=e not)/&+ ?is1 yet t place may rema9e habitable4 ,& ?is 0 ! op9ion ( ! ,c>d9al de ,cusa1 :5 speak+ ( ?is ,planet1 he saies1#a ,hic locus ,mundi e/ habitatio hom9um animalium atque vegetabilium4 8,?is "p ( ! _w is inhabit$ by m5 & bea/s1 & ,plantes40 ,to him ass5t$ ,campanella1 b hee _c det]m9e :e!r !re 7 m51 or r "s o!r k9de ( creatures4 ,if !y 7 m51 !n he ?9kes !y c\ld n be infect$ ) ,adams s9ne2 yet1 p]haps1 !y _h "s ( _! owne1 :i* might make !m liable to ! same mis]y ) u1 out ( :i*1 p]haps1 !y 7 deliv]$ by ! same means z we1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 & ?us he ?9kes t place ( ! ,ephesians may be int]pret$1 :]e ! ,apo/le saies1#b ,god ga!r$ all ?+s toge!r 9 ,*ri/1 bo? :i* are 9 e>?1 & :i* are 9 ! heav5s3 ,s also t ( ! same ,apo/le to ! ,colossians1 :]e hee saies1#c t x pleas$ ! ,fa!r to reconcile all ?+s unto himselfe by ,*ri/1 :e!r !y be ?+s 9 e>?1 or ?+s 9 heav54 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de doct4 ign4 l4 #b4 c4 #ab4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,eph4 #a4 #aj4 ,sid5ote #c3 ,col4 #a4 #bj4 ,b ,i d>e n je/ ) ,div9e tru!s1 or apply ^! places accord+ z fancy directs4 ,z ,i ?9ke ?is op9ion do? n any :]e contradict ,scripture1 s ,i ?9ke likewise1 t x _c be prov$ f x1 :]e=e ,campanella's second conjecture may be m probable1 t ! inhabitants ( t _w1 are n m5 z wee are1 b "s o!r k9de ( creatures :i* be>e "s proportion & lik5esse to our natures1 & ,cusanus too ?9kes !y diff] f u 9 _m respects2 ,i w set d[ne 8 words z !y may bee f\nd 9 ! abovecit$ place1 ,suspicamus 9 regione solis magis esse sol>es1 cl>os illum9atos intellectu>es habitatores1 spiritu aliores etiam quam 9 lun1 ubi magis lunatici1 9 t]ra1 magis mat]iales1 grossi1 ut illi intellectualis natur sol>es s9t multum 9 actu p>um 9 pot5tia2 t]r5i v]o magis 9 pot5tia1 p>um 9 actu1 lun>es 9 m$io fluctuantes4 ,hoc quidem op9amur ex influ5tia ignili solis aquatica simul a]ia lun1 grav$9e mat]iali t]r1 consimilit] de aliis /ell>um regionibus suspicantes1 nullam habitatoribus c>re1 quasi tot s9t p>tes p>ticul>es mundiales omnius univ]si1 quot sunt /ell qu>um non e/ num]us1 nisi apud eum qui omnia 9 num]o creavit4 8,wee may conjecture 7sai? he7 ! inhabit]s ( ! ,sunne are l to ! nature ( t ,planet1 m cle>e & bright1 m intellectuall & spirituall ?an ^? 9 ! ,moone :]e !y are ne]] to ! nature ( t dull] ,planet1 & ^? ( ! e>? be+ m grosse & mat]iall ?an ei!r1 s t ^! intellectuall natures 9 ! ,sun1 are m =me ?an matt]1 ^? 9 ! e>? m matt] ?an =me1 & ^? 9 ! ,moone betwixt bo?4 ,?is wee may guesse f ! fi]y influ5ce ( ! ,sunne1 ! wat]y & a]e\s influ5ce ( ! ,moone1 z also ! mat]eall heav9esse ( ! e>?4 ,9 "s su* mann] likewise is x ) ! regions ( ! o!r ,/>res1 = wee conjecture t none ( !m are )\t inhabitants1 b t !re are s _m p>ticul> worlds & p>ts ( ?is "o univ]se1 z !re are ,/>s :i* are innum]able1 unlesse x bee to him :o creat$ all ?+s 9 numb]40 ,= he held t ! />s 7 n all 9 "o equall ,orbe z we commonly suppose1 b t "s 7 f>re high] ?an o!rs :i* made !m appe>e lesse & t _m o!rs 7 s f>re above any ( ^!1 t !y 7 altoge!r invisible unto u4 ,an op9ion 7:i* z ,i conceive7 ha? n any great probability = x1 nor c]ta9ty aga9/ x4 ,! ,prie/ ( ,saturne relat+ to ,plut>* 7z he faignes x7 ! nature ( ! ,sel5ites1 told him !y 7 ( div]s dispositions1 "s desir+ to live 9 ! l[] p>ts ( ! ,moone1 :]e !y might looke d[new>ds ^u u1 :ile o!rs 7 m surely m\nt$ al(t1 all ( !m %9+ l ! rayes ( ! ,sun1 & z be+ victori\s are cr[n$ ) g>l&s made ) ! w+s ( ,eu/a?ia or ,con/ancie4 ,x ha? be5e ! op9ion among/ "s ( ! ,anci5ts1 t _! ,heav5s & ,elysian fields 7 9 ! ,moone :]e ! aire is mo/ quiet & pure4 ,?us ,socrates1 ?us ,plato1#a ) 8 foll[]s1 did e/eeme ?is to bee ! place :]e ^? pur] s\les inhabit1 :o are fre$ f ! ,sepul*re1 & contagion ( ! body4 ,& by ! ,fable ( ,c]es1 cont9ually w&r+ 9 se>* ( h] daught] ,pros]p9a1 is meant no?+ else b ! long+ desire ( m51 :o live ^u ,c]es e>?1 to atta9e a place 9 ,pros]p9a1 ! ,moone or ,heav54 ,sid5ote #a3 ,nat4 ,com4 lib4 #c4 c4 #ai4 ,plut>* also seemes to ass5t unto ?is1 b hee ?9kes moreov]1 t !re are two places ( happ9esse answ]able to ^? two p>ts :i* hee fancies to rema9e ( a man :5 hee is dead1 ! s\le & ! und]/&+2 ! s\le he ?9kes is made ( ! ,moone1 & z our bodies doe s proce$e f ! du/ ( ?is e>?1 t !y %all returne to x h]eaft]1 s our s\les 7 g5]at$ out ( t ,planet1 & %all bee resolv$ into x aga9e1 :]eas ! und]/&+ %all asc5d unto ! ,sunne1 out ( :i* x 0 made :]e x %all possesse an et]nity ( well be+1 & f>re great] happ9esse ?an t :i* is enjoy$ 9 ! ,moone4 ,s t :5 a man dies1 if 8 s\le bee mu* pollut$1 !n mu/ x w&] up & d[ne 9 ! middle regions ( ! aire :]e hell is1 & !re suff] unspeakable torm5ts = ^? s9nes :]e( x is guilty4 ,:]eas ! s\les ( bett] m51 :5 !y h 9 "s space ( "t be5e purg$ f t impurity :i* !y did d]ive f ! body1 !n doe !y returne into ! ,moone1 :]e !y are posse/ ) su* a joy1 z ^? m5 feele :o pr(esse holy mi/]ies1 f :i* place 7sai? he7 "s are s5t d[ne to h ! sup]9t5dance ( ,oracles1 be+ dilig5t ei!r 9 ! pres]vation ( ! good1 ei!r f or 9 all p]ils1 & ! prev5tion or puni%m5t ( all wick$ actions1 b if 9 ^! imploym5ts !y mis-behave !mselves1 !n are !y aga9e to be imprison$ 9 a body1 o!rwise !y rema9e 9 ! ,moone till _! body be resolv$ into x1 ! und]/&+ be+ cle>$ f all imp$im5ts1 asc5ds to ! ,sunne :i* is its prop] place4 ,b ?is requires a div]se space ( "t accord+ to ! div]se affections ( ! s\le4 ,z = ^? :o h be5e retir$ & hone/1 addict+ !mselves to a /udi\s & quiet life1 ^! are quickly pref]r$ to a high] happ9esse4 ,b z = su* :o h busi$ !mselves 9 _m broyles1 or h be5e vehem5t 9 ! prosecution ( any lu/1 z ! ambiti\s1 ! amor\s1 ! wra?full man1 ^! /ill reta9e ! glimpses & dreames ( su* ?+s z !y h p]=m$ 9 _! bodies1 :i* makes !m ei!r altoge!r unfit to rema9e !re :]e !y are1 or else keepes !m long ere !y c put (f _! s\les4 ,?us y see ,plut>*s op9ion conc]n+ ! inhabitants & neighb\rs ( ! ,moone1 :i* 7accord+ to ! mann] ( ! ,academickes7 hee deliv]s 9 a ?ird p]son2 y see he makes t ,planet an inf]i\r k9d ( heav51 & ?\gh hee diff] 9 _m circum/ances1 yet do? hee describe x to be "s su* place1 z wee suppose ,p>adise to be4 ,y see likewise 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! place ( damn$ spirits1 t x is 9 ! middle region ( ! aire1 & 9 nei!r ( ^! is hee s+ul>1 b "s m late & ,or?odox ,writ]s h agre$ ) him4 ,z = ! place ( hell1 _m ?9ke x may be 9 ! aire z well z any :]e else4 ,true inde$1 ,sa9t ,au/9 affirmes t ?is place _c bee discov]$2#a ,b o!rs !re are :o c %ew ! situation ( x out ( ,scripture2 ,"s hold+ x to bee 9 "s o!r _w )\t ?is1 because our ,savi\r calls x 1 outw>d d>k5esse4#b ,b ! mo/ w h x plac$ t[>ds ! ,c5t] ( our e>?1 because 'tis said1#c ,*ri/ desc5d$ into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?1 & "s ( ^! are s confid5t1 t ?is is its situation1 t !y c describe y its bignes also1 & ( :at capacity x is4 ,francis ,rib]a 9 8 ,comm5t on ! ,revelations1 speak+ ( ^? words1 :]e 'tis said1#d t ! blood w5t out ( ! ,w9e-presse1 ev5 unto ! horses bridles by ! space ( "o ?\s& & sixe hundr$ furlongs1 int]prets !m to bee meant ( ,hell1 & t t numb] expresses ! diamet] ( its concavity1 :i* is #bjj ,italian miles2 b ,lessius ?9kes t ?is op9ion gives !m too mu* roome 9 hell1#e & !re=e hee guesses t 'tis n s wide2 = 7sai? hee7 ! diamet] ( "o league be+ cubically multipli$1 w make a sphe>e capable ( #hjjjjj millions ( damn$ bodies1 all[+ to ea* sixe foote 9 ! squ>e1 :]eas 7saies hee7 'tis c]ta9e t !re %all n be "o hundr$ ?\s& millions 9 all t %all bee damn$4 ,y see ! bold ,iesuit 0 c>efull t e "o %\ld h b roome en\gh 9 hell1 & by ! /rang5esse ( ! conjecture1 y may guesse t he _h r bee absurd1 ?an seeme ei!r un*>itable or ignorant4 ,i rememb] !re is a relation 9 ,pl9y1 h[ t ,dionisiodorus a ,ma!matician1 be+ dead1 did s5d a lett] f 8 place to "s ( 8 fri5ds ^u e>?1 to c]tifie !m :at di/ance !re 0 betwixt ! c5t] & sup]ficies3 hee might h done well to h prev5t$ ?is controv]sie1 & en=m$ !m ! utmo/ capacity ( t place4 ,h[ev]1 c]ta9e x is1 t t numb] _c bee kn[ne1 & probable x is1 t ! place is n yet det]m9$1 b t hell is !re :]e !re is any torm5t$ s\le1 :i* may bee 9 ! regions ( ! aire z well z 9 ! c5t]2 b ( ?is onely occasionally1 & by reason ( ,plut>*s op9ion conc]n+ ^? t are r\nd ab\t ! ,moone2 z = ! ,moone x selfe1 hee e/eemes x to bee a l[] k9de ( ,heav51 & !re=e 9 ano!r place hee cals x a t]re/riall />re1#f & an ,olympian or cele/iall e>? answ]able1 z ,i conceive1 to ! p>adise ( ! ,s*oolem51 & t ,p>adise 0 ei!r 9 or ne]e ! ,moone1 is ! op9ion ( "s lat] ,writ]s1 :o d]iv$ x 79 all likelihood7 f ! ass]tion ( ,plato1 & p]haps1 ?is ( ,plut>*4 ,to/atus#g laies ?is op9ion ^u ,isiod]4 ,hispal5sis1 & ! v5]able ,b$e2 & ,p]]ius#h fa!rs x ^u ,/rabus & ,rabanus 8 ,ma/]4 ,"s w\ld h x to bee situat$ 9 su* a place z c\ld n be discov]$1 :i* causes ! p5man ( ,esdras to make x a h>d] matt] to "k ! outgo+s ( ,p>adise1 !n to weigh ! weight ( ! fire1 or measure ! bla/s ( w9d1 or call aga9e a day t is pa/4#i ,b not)/&+ ?is1 !re bee "s o!rs :o ?9ke t x is on ! top ( "s high m\nta9e "u ! l9e1 & ^! int]pret$ ! torrid ,zone to be ! flam+ ,sword :]eby ,p>adise 0 gu>d$4 ',tis ! cons5t ( div]s o!rs1 :o agree 9 ?is1 t ,p>adise is situat$ 9 "s high & em95t place4#aj ,s ,to/atus3 ,e/ etiam ,p>adisus situ altissima1 supra omnem t]r altitud9em1 8,p>adise is situat$ 9 "s high place above ! e>?03 & !re=e 9 8 ,cm5t ^u ! #di4 ( ,g5esis1 hee und]/&s ! bless+ ( ,iacob conc]n+ ! ev]la/+ hills to bee meant ( ,p>adise1 & ! bless+ x selfe to bee no?+ else b a promise ( ,*ri/s comm+1 by ^: passion ! gates ( ,p>adise %\ld bee op5$4 ,unto him ass5t$ ,rup]tus1 ,scotus1 & mo/ ( ! o!r ,s*oolem51 z ,i f9d !m cit$ by ,p]]ius1#aa & out ( him 9 ,sr4 ,w4 ,rawleigh4 ,_! reason 0 ?is3 because 9 probability ?is place 0 n ov]fl[$ by ! flood1 s9ce !re 7 no s9n]s !re :i* might draw t curse ^u x4 ,nay ,to/atus ?9kes t ! body ( ,eno* 0 kept !re1 & "s ( ! ,fa!rs1 z ,t]tullian & ,au/9 h affirm$1 t ! bless$ s\les 7 res]v$ 9 t place till ! day ( judgem5t1 & !re=e 'tis likely t x 0 n ov]fl[$ by ! flood2 & besides1 s9ce all m5 %\ld h w5t nak$ if ,adam _h n fell1 'tis requisite !re=e t x %\ld be situat$ 9 "s su* place :]e x might bee privil$g$ f ! extremities ( heat & cold4 ,b n[ ?is c\ld n bee 7!y ?\ght7 s conv5i5tly 9 any l[]1 z x might 9 "s high] aire4 ,= ^! & su* l consid]ations h s _m affirm$ t ,p>adise 0 9 a high elevat$ place1 :i* "s h conceiv$ c\ld bee no :]e b 9 ! ,moone3 ,= x c\ld n be 9 ! top ( any m\nta9e1 nor c we ?9ke ( any o!r body sep>at$ f ?is e>? :i* c bee a m conv5i5t place = habitation ?an ?is ,planet1 !re=e !y conclud$ t x 0 !re4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,de civit4 ,dei4 lib4 #bb4 ca4 #af4 ,sid5ote #b3 ,mat4 #be4 #cj ,sid5ote #c3 ,eph4 #d4 #i4 ,sid5ote #d3 ,rev4 #ad4 #bj4 ,sid5ote #e3 ,de ,morib4 div4 l4 #ac4 c4 #bd4 ,sid5ote #f3 ,cur sil5t oracula4 ,sid5ote #g3 ,s4 ,w4 ,raw4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #c4 #g4 ,sid5ote #h3 9 ,g54 ,sid5ote #i3 #b ,esd4 #d4 #g4 ,sid5ote #aj3 ,9 ,g5es4 ,sid5ote #aa3 ,comm5t4 9 #b4 ,g54 v4 #h4 lib #a4 cap4 #c4 #f #g4 ,x c\ld n bee on ! top ( any m\nta9e4 #a4 ,because wee h expresse ,scripture1 t ! highe/ ( !m 0 ov]fl[$4#a ,sid5ote #a3 ,g54 #g4 #ai4 #b4 ,because x mu/ bee ( a great] ext5sion1 & n "s small pat* ( gr\nd1 s9ce 'tis likely all m5 %\ld h liv$ !re1 if ,adam _h n fell4 ,b = a satisfaction ( ^! argum5ts1 toge!r ) a f>!r disc\rse ( ,p>adise1 ,i %all ref]re y to ^? :o h writt5 purposely ^u ?is subject4 ,be+ cont5t = my owne "p to h spok5 s mu* ( x1 z may conduce to %ew ! op9ion ( o!rs conc]n+ ! inhabitants ( ! ,moone1 ,i d>e n my selfe affirme any ?+ ( ^! ,sel5ites1 because ,i "k n any gr\nd :]eon to build any probable op9ion4 ,b ,i ?9ke t future ages w discov] m2 & our po/]ity1 p]haps1 may inv5t "s meanes = our bett] acqua9tance ) ^! inhabitants4 ',tis ! me?od ( provid5ce n pres5tly to %ew u all1 b to lead u along f ! k ( "o ?+ to ano!r4 ',twas a great :ile ere ! ,planets 7 di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ ,/>s1 & sometime aft] t ere ! morn+ & ev5+ />re 7 f\nd to bee ! same1 & 9 great] space ,i d\bt n b ?is also1 & f>re great] my/]ies w bee discov]$4 ,9 ! fir/ ages ( ! _w ! ,isl&]s ei!r ?\ght !mselves to be ! onely dwell]s ^u ! e>?1 or else if !re 7 any o!r1 yet !y c\ld n possibly conceive h[ !y might h any comm]ce ) !m1 be+ sev]$ by ! deepe & broad ,sea1 b ! aft]-times f\nd out ! inv5tion ( %ips1 9 :i* not)/&+ none b "s bold d>+ m5 dur/ v5ture1 !re be+ few s resolute z to commit !mselves unto ! va/e ,ocean1 & yet n[ h[ easie a ?+ is ?is1 ev5 to a timor\s c[>dly nature8 ,s1 p]haps1 !re may be "s o!r meanes inv5t$ = a conveyance to ! ,moone1 & ?\gh x may seeme a t]rible & impossible ?+ ev] to passe ?r\gh ! va/e spaces ( ! aire1 yet no "q !re w\ld bee "s m5 :o dur/ v5ture ?is z well z ! o!r4 ,true inde$1 ,i _c conceive any possible meanes = ! l discov]y ( ?is conjecture1 s9ce !re c bee no sail+ to ! ,moone1 unlesse t 7 true :i* ! ,poets doe b feigne1 t %ee made h] b$ 9 ! ,sea4 ,we h n n[ any ,drake or ,columbus to und]take ?is voyage1 or any ,ddalus to inv5t a conveyance ?r\gh ! aire4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d\bt n b t "t :o is /ill ! fa!r ( new tru?s1 & ha? reveal$ unto u _m ?+s :i* our ,ance/\rs 7 ignorant (1 w also manife/ to our po/]ity1 t :i* wee n[ desire1 b _c "k4 ,v5iet tempus 7sai? ,s5eca#a7 quo i/a qu nunc lat5t1 9 lucem1 dies extrahet1 longioris vi dilig5tia4 ,"t w come :5 ! indeav\rs ( aft]-ages %all br+ su* ?+s to light1 z n[ lie hid 9 obscurity4 ,arts are n yet come to _! ,sol/ice1 b ! indu/ry ( future times assi/$ ) ! lab\rs ( _! =efa!rs1 may rea* unto t height :i* wee c\ld n atta9e to4 ,u5iet tempus quo po/]i no/ri nos tam ap]ta nescisse mir5tur4 ,z wee n[ wond] at ! bl9dnesse ( our ,ance/ors1 :o 7 n able to disc]ne su* ?+s z seeme pla9e & obvi\s unto u4 ,s w our po/]ity admire our ignorance 9 z p]spicu\s matt]s4 ,kepl> d\bts n1 b t z soone z ! art ( fly+ is f\nd out1 "s ( _! ,nation w make "o ( ! fir/ colonies t %all inhabite t o!r _w4 ,b ,i leave ?is & ! l conjectures to ! fancie ( ! read]2 ,desir+ n[ to f9i% ?is ,disc\rse1 :]e9 ,i h 9 "s measure prov$ :at at ! fir/ ,i promis$1 a _w 9 ! ,moone4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am n s resolute 9 ?is1 t ,i ?9ke tis necess>y !re mu/ be "o1 b my op9ion is t 'tis possible !re may be1 & tis probable !re is ano!r habitable _w 9 t ,planet4 ,& ?is 0 t ,i und]tooke to prove4 ,9 ! pursuit :]e(1 if ,i h %ew$ mu* weaknesse or indiscretion2 ,i %all will+ly submit my selfe to ! reason & c5sure ( ! m judici\s4 ,sid5ote #a3 ,nat4 ,qu/4 l4 #g4 c4 #be4 ,decoration ,! ,propositions t are prov$ 9 ?is ,disc\rse4 ,proposition #a4 ,t ! /rang5esse ( ?is op9ion is no suffici5t reason :y x %\ld be reject$1 because o!r c]ta9e tru?s h be5e =m]ly e/eem$ ridicul\s1 & great absurdities ent]tayn$ by common cons5t4 ,by way ( ,preface4 ,prop4 #b4 ,t a plurality ( worlds do? n contradict any pr9ciple ( reason or fai?4 ,prop4 #c4 ,t ! heav5s doe n consi/ ( any su* pure matt] :i* c privil$ge !m f ! l *ange & corruption1 z ^! inf]i\r bodies are liable unto4 ,prop4 #d4 ,t ! ,moone is a solid1 compact$ opac\s body4 ,prop4 #e4 ,t ! ,moone ha? n any light ( h] owne4 ,prop4 #f4 ,t !re is a _w 9 ! ,moone1 ha? be5e ! direct op9ion ( _m anci5t1 ) "s mod]ne ,ma!maticians1 & may probably be d$uc$ f ! t55ts ( o!rs4 ,prop4 #g4 ,t ^? spots & bright] p>ts :i* by our sight may be di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,moone1 doe %ew ! diff]5ce betwixt ! ,sea & ,l& 9 t o!r _w4 ,prop4 #h4 ,t ! spots repres5t ! ,sea1 & ! bright] p>ts ! ,l&4 ,prop4 #i4 ,t !re are high ,m\nta9es1 deepe vallies1 & spaci\s pla9es 9 ! body ( ! ,moone4 ,prop4 #aj4 ,t !re is an ,atmo-sphra1 or an orbe ( grosse vapor\s aire1 imm$iately encompass+ ! body ( ! ,moone4 ,prop4 #aa4 ,t z _! _w is our ,moone1 s our _w is _! ,moone4 ,prop4 #ab4 ,t tis probable !re may bee su* ,meteors belong+ to t _w 9 ! ,moone1 z !re are ) u4 ,prop4 #ac4 ,t tis probable !re may be inhabitants 9 ?is o!r ,_w1 b ( :at k9de !y are is unc]ta9e4 ,,f9is4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,additional ,notes & ,errata ,works & ,au?ors ,cit$ 9 ,sid5otes3 ,?is is n int5d$ to be a compreh5sive li/4 ,a few s\rces c\ld n be id5tifi$2 o!rs are s well-kn[n1 !y did n ne$ to be m>k$4 ,! foll[+ spell+s & "n =ms are us$ consi/5tly3 ,au/9 ,augu/9e ,blancanus ! ,jesuit7e7 ,josephus ,blancanus1 ,giuseppe ,biancani ,caelius ,lodovicus ,caelius ,rhodig9us ,ty*o ,ty*o ,brahe ,ni*olas ,hill 8a c\ntry man ( ours04 ,hill ! e>ly atomi/1 n ,hill 7,montanus1 van de ,b]gh7 ! pr9t]4 ,kepl> ,kepl] 7,johannes7 ,julius ,caes> ,cs> la ,galla1 ,giulio ,ces>e ,la ,galla1 ,lagalla ,msl9 ,mae/l9 7,mi*ael7 ,rawleigh1 ,rawly ,raleigh 7,sir ,walt]7 ,v]ulam ,francis ,bacon 7#a/ ,b>on ,v]ulam7 ,note also 8syd]a0 = 8sid]a04 ,alb]tus ,magnus3 ,de quattuor coaequaevis ----3 ,de caelo et mundo ,ari/otle3 ,de ,caelo ,b$e3 ,de ratione temporum ,*ri/oph] ,besoldus3 ,de ,natura ,populorum ejusque v>iatione1 et de ,l+u>um ortu atque immutatione 7#afcb7 ,josephus ,blancanus 7,giuseppe ,biancani73 ,spha]a mundi 7,full ,title3 ,spha]a ,mundi seu ,cosmographia4 ,demon/rativa1 ac facili ,me?odo tradita3 ,9 qua totius ,mundi fabrica1 una cum novis1 ,ty*onis1 ,kepl]i1 ,galilaei1 aliorumque2 ,a/ronomorum ad9v5tis cont9etur7 ----3 ,ari/otelis loca ma!matica ex univ]ses ipsius op]ibus collecta et explicata ,ty*o 7,brahe73 ,a/ronomiae in/auratae progymnasmata ,?4 7,tommaso7 ,campanella3 ,apologia pro ,galileo 7#afbb7 ,collegium ,conimbric5ses 7,jesuits ( ,coimbra ,univ]sity73 ,comm5t>ii ,collegii ,conimbric5sis ,societatis ,jesu 9 quattuor libros physicorum ,ari/otelis de ,coelo 7#aeib7 ,c>d9al de ,cusa1 ,cusanus 7,ni*olas ( ,cusa_/,kues1 ,nicolaus ,cryffts73 ,de ,docta ,ignorantia ,johannes ,fabricius3 ,de ,maculis 9 ,sole ,obs]vatis1 et ,app>5te e>um cum ,sole ,conv]sione ,n>ratio 7#afaa7 ,text n id5tifi$ by "n4 ,lib]tus ,fromondus 7,lib]t ,froidmont73 ,meteorologicorum libri sex 7#afbg7 ,galileo3 ,nuncius ,sid]eus ,camillus ,gloriosus 7,giovanni ,camillo ,glorioso73 ,de ,cometis diss]tatio a/ronomico-physica 7#afbd7 ,isidore3 ,orig9um ,johannes ,kepl]3 ,diss]tatio cum ,nuncio ,sid]eo ,! "n 8,galileo0 7or 8,galilei07 is sometimes includ$ 9 ! title1 z 8,diss4 cum ,nunc4 ,syd4 ,galil40 ----3 ,epitome a/ronomiae ,cop]nicanae ----3 ,a/ronomiae ,p>s ,optica ,julius ,caes> 7,giulio ,ces>e ,la ,galla73 ,de ,ph5om5is 9 ,orbe ,lunae 7#afab7 ,leon>d ,lessius3 ,de p]fectionibus moribusque div9is 7#afbj7 ,?is "w is (t5 cit$ z 8,de ,moribus02 o!r e>ly m5tions are f\nd 9 ,tri/ram ,%&y & ,! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly4 ,msl9 7,mi*ael ,mae/l973 ,epitome ,a/ronomiae 7#afaj7 ,c>olus ,malap]tus1 ,malap]tius 7,*>les ,malap]t73 ,au/riaca sid]a heliocyclia a/ronomicis hypo!sibus illigata 7#afcc7 ,jacobus ,mazonius 7,jacopo ,mazzoni73 ,9 univ]sam ,platonis et ,ari/otelis philosophiam praeludia sive de ,comp>atione ,platonis et ,ari/otelis ,johannes ,eusebius 7,juan ,eusebio7 ,ni]emb]g3 ,hi/oria ,naturae 7#afce7 ,augu/9us ,nifus 7,niphus1 ,ago/9o ,nifo7 ,quot$ text n id5tifi$ by "n4 ,b5$ictus ,p]]ius 7,b5ito ,p]eira73 ,comm5t>iorum et disputationum 9 ,g5esim tomi quattuor 7#aeia-ii7 ,plut>*3 ,de facie 9 orbe lunae ----3 ,de tranquillitate animi ,erasmus ,re9hold3 ,comm5t>y 7#aedb1 #aeec7 on ,georg ,purba*'s ,!oricae novae planet>um ,caelius ,lodovicus ,caelius ,rhodig9us 7,lodovico _/ ,luigi ,ric*i]i73 ,lectionum antiqu>um libri trig9ta ,ruvio 7,antonio ,rubio73 ,comm5t>y on ,ari/otle's ,de ,caelo 7,julius ,caes>7 ,scalig]3 ,exot]icae ex]citationes ad ,hi]onymum ,c>danum ,*ri/oph ,s*e9]3 ,rosa ,urs9a sive ,sol ex ,admir&o ,facul>um ,macul>um su>um ,pho5om5o v>ius ,to/atus 7,alonso ,to/ado73 ,9 ,g5esis 99 99 99 99 99 ,errors & ,anomalies3 ,all b "o occurr5ce ( -que is writt5 ) a ligature4 ,!y h be5 exp&$ = ?is e-text4 ?\gh !y h = a long "t li5 neglect$ s 9 orig9al3 8la908 text reads 2 la/ v[el 9 uncle> bo? ,/4 ,u9c5tius& ,s5af9us 8,s5af9us0 c\ld n be id5tifi$1 b _c be ,s]af9us ,ari/otle 0 ! viol ( ,gods wra? spell+ 8viol0 z 9 orig9al ! _w is mu* behold5 to ,ari/otle = all its sci5ces text reads 8x sci5ces0 if !re be m worlds ?an "o text reads 8m words0 ,sid5ote ,ecclus4 #dc4 #c4 #d4 s 9 orig9al3 8,eccles408 ,sid5ote to 8,ptolome0 ,io ,apo/4 read+ uncle>1 text n id5tifi$3 8,io408 ,sid5ote to 8,rosa ,vrs9a0 lib4 #d4 p4 #b4 cy4 #bd1 #ce4 uncle>3 8ty40 or error = 8cp408 ,hebronia l4 #b4 c4 #d4 text uncle>3 8,hebraeoma08 & m especially ,malap]tius text reads 8,mulap]tius0 b nev] confut$ by any solid reason text reads 8c\fut$0 ,sid5ote 444 diss]tatio _/ cum ,nic4 ,hill4 444 s 9 orig9al3 error = 8diss]tatio cum ,nuncius ,sidereus0 7by ,kepl]78 vius qui ad exp]im5ta hc contradic5di animo access]ant s 9 orig9al x might probably be d$uc$ text reads 8de d$uc$0 s ,ioa*4 ,rlelicus s 9 orig9al3 8,rheticus08 ,o!rs ?9k#a t !re be "s bodies text reads 8t !re "s bodies0 ,sid5ote ,s ,b$e 9 d4 de ,mund4 con/it4 s+le lett] illegible3 c\ld be 8fi0 or 80 ,sid5ote ,eusebius ,nioremb4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 s 9 orig9al3 8,ni]emb]g0 s5t5tiam exsuscit>e velit text reads 8excuscit>e0 t e>? 9 ! writ+s ( ,cap]nicus & 8 foll[]s spell+ z 9 orig9al ,sid5ote ,lect4 ant4 l4 #a4 c4 #ae4 text reads 8,lect4 aut l4 #a0 ,nay ?is opposes 8 owne eye-witnesse text reads 8owne-eye-witnesse0 t 9 ! ,moone !re %\ld be any m\nta9es text reads 8!te0 ,olympus1 ,atlas1 ,taurus & ,enius text uncle>2 may be 8,emus03 = ,mt4 ,a5us8 ! #dg? proposition 9 ! fir/ booke ( elem5ts4 ,!re=e ! :ole l9e ,a ,g is some:at m ?an #ajd 8! #dg? proposition0 is bett] kn[n z ! ,py?agorean !orem4 8#ajd0 is presumably an error = 8#ajjd02 ! correct figure is almo/ #ajje ,sid5ote ,plat4 de fac4 s 9 orig9al3 8,plutar*08 ,sid5ote ,prfat4 ad ,au/rica syd4 s 9 orig9al3 8,au/riaca0 ,sid5ote to ,clius ,progym4 #a4 ,sid5ote to ,ty*o l4 #bj4 c4 #e4 notes may be rev]s$3 ,ty*o ,brahe wrote a 8,progymnasmata0 because ( ! exup]ancy ( ! light 9 ! o!r p>ts s 9 orig9al3 8exsup]ancy0 because !y are f>re ne]] x ?an wee text uncle> a m *okie soyle l ! ,ile ( ,creete spell+ z 9 orig9al3 8*alky0 9 8 "t tooke especiall notice text reads 8looke0 b cat*word has 8tooke0 su* appe>ances may be salv$ "s o!r way s 9 orig9al ,sid5ote ,c>olus ,malaptius de ,heliocyc4 s 9 orig9al3 ,malap]t7i7u #b4 ,msl9 & ,kepl> affirme1 t !y h se5e "s ( ^! alt]ations4 ,! words ( ,msl9 are ^! 7z ,i f9de !m cit$47 ,sid5ote ,diss]4 #b4 cum nunc4 ,galil4 sid5ote is atta*$ to ,msl9 quote1 b "w nam$ is by ,kepl] !re are "s inhabitants 9 t ,planet text reads 8inhabitans0 ,! equality ( _! nights do? mu* temp] ! scor*+ ( ! day1 & ! extreme cold t comes f ! "o1 require "s space word+ z 9 orig9al ,?is "p ( ! _w is inhabit$ by m5 & bea/s1 & ,plantes4 text reads 8,planets0 intellectu>es habitatores s 9 orig9al3 8intellectuales08 ex influ5tia ignili solis adjective 8ignilis0 may h be5 inv5t$ by au?or cit$ b ,lessius ?9kes t ?is op9ion gives !m too mu* roome text reads 8opi_/on0 at l9e break hee cals x a t]re/riall />re text reads 8t]re/raill0 ,p]]ius fa!rs x ^u ,/rabus & ,rabanus text reads 8fa!rs is0 ,punctuation3 ! ,cities & ,m\nta9es hang+40 ,:at %all wee ?9ke m>g9al quotes cont9ue ?r\gh l9e beg9n+ 8%all wee0 a prop5sion 9 its subject text reads 8'its0 ) lead+ apo/rophe ,b ! position 7say "s7 is directly aga9/ ,scripture op5+ p>5!sis miss+ ,scripturequ clum pluribus realibus atque 8atque0 writt5 out 7all o!r -que occurr5ces use ligature7 m directly prov$ by ,msl91 ,kepl>1 & ,galilu no comma aft] 8,msl90 x seem$ mo/ _/ likely to ,camillus ,gloriosus1 ,?4 ,campanella text has p]iod 7full /op7 = comma too mu* = to v5t at ! fir/3 ! *iefe ?+ text reads 8at ! fir/4 !0 ! words ( ,fi5us1 z !y are quot$ by ,fromondus 9 ! above cit$ place1 ,possunt maxim 444 text has 8444 cit$ place7 ,possunt 4440 c\ld also be3 ! words ( ,fi5us 7z !y are quot$ by ,fromondus 9 ! above cit$ place7 ,possunt maxim vesp]e ,dom9ic ,palm>um ,anni #afje1 9 corpore ,lun text reads 8,anni #afje4 9 corpore0 ,& ?is 0 ! op9ion ( ! ,c>d9al de ,cusa text reads 8de cusa0 b to lead u along f ! k ( "o ?+ to ano!r 8a_/long0 pr9t$ at l9e break )\t hyph5 ,pr9t]'s ,errors3 ,invisible lett]s or punctuation m>ks1 suppli$ f context1 are %[n 9 braces4 #b4 ,grosse absurdities h be5e ent]ta9$ ,sid5ote ,plut>*4 de tranq4 anim4 ,sid5ote ,lib4 #i4 ,ar*itectur4 ,sid5ote ,re9hold comm5t4 9 ,purb4 ,?eor4 pag4 #afd4 ,sid5ote ,9 lib4 de natur4 r]um4 ,sid5ote ,de #dr4 ,covis4444 ,ex]cit4 #fb4 ,sid5ote ,plut4 de plac4 phil4 l4 #b4 c4 #ac4 ,sid5ote ,ex qua p>te luna e/ transpicua non totum secundum sup]ficiem1 ,sid5ote ,alb]t4 mag4 de covis4 ,q4 #d4 ,art4 #ba4 ,sid5ote ,scalig4 ex]cit4 #fb4 "s o!rs h ?\ght x to be v]y mu* l a ,fox ,mihi autem dubium fuit numquam 444 sese 9 conspectum daturam ,b x may be aga9e object$ yet w\ld ! motion ( its c5tre by an attractive v]tue /ill hold x wxh9 its conv5i5t di/ance1 s t :e!r _! e>th mov$ 8)903 8i0 miss+1 8t0 invisible ,y may see ?is tru? ass5t$ unto by ,blancanus ! ,jesuit & if y object t ! light :i* is convey$ = he confesses himselfe t he saw ?is by ! glasse4 our e>? appe>es as bright 99 99 99 99 99 ,pag9ation3 ,pages #agg-aib 7pr9t$ z #age-aij7 are all "o error3 ,! eight pages pr9t$ on "o side ( ! %eet =m+ signature ,n 7 misnumb]$ by -#b4 #aah1 #abj read #ah1 #bj #abc reads #aac #aff reads #ff #agg1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aib read #age1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #aij #bji reads #ajg #baj1 #baa read #bjh1 #bji #bab1 #bac1 #bad no pr9t$ numb] #bae reads #fc