,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! foll[+ anomalies h be5 left z f\nd 9 ! orig9al page images3 ,spell+3 bo? 'sangatte' & 'sangette' bo? 'armpit' & 'arm pit' *ill$2 always swim ar\nd & 'exc]cise' j\rnali/s :o 'acompani$' ,punctuation3 wat]2 at ! same "t d\ble ! body up41 *ampion%ip = _m ye>s by foll[+ 8 tea*+s4 c1 ?r[ y\r arm ar\nd 8 neck ,?irdly41 ,cont9ue ,,swimm+ ,,sci5tifically ,,taught ,illu/ration3 ,,frank ,,eug5 ,,dalton ,,swimm+ ,,sci5tifically ,,taught ,a ,,practical ,,manual ,,= ,,"y ,,& ,,old ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,frank ,,eug5 ,,dalton1 ,p4,s4,a4 ,in/ructor 9 ,sci5tific ,swimm+ at ! ,dalton ,swimm+ ,s*ool1 & ,orig9ator ( ! ,dalton ,me?od ,,& ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,advanc$ ,,/rokes ,,by ,,l\is ,c4 ,,dalton ,( ! ,dalton ,swimm+ ,s*ool ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,fif? ,,edition ,illu/ration ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,,copyright1 #aiab ,,& #aiah1 ,,by ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company 7,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica7 ,revis$ ,edition1 ,publi%$ ,may1 #aiah ,copyright "u ! ,articles ( ! ,copyright ,conv5tion ( ! ,pan-,am]ican ,republics & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,augu/ #aa1 #aiaj ,,to ,,my ,,fa!r ,,! ,,late ,,capt4 ,,davis ,,dalton :o swam ! ,engli% ,*annel f ,cape ,grisnez ne> ,b\logne1 ,france1 to ,folke/one1 ,engl&1 ,augu/ #af-ag1 #ahij2 ^: en?usiasm & unflagg+ int]e/ 9 all matt]s p]ta9+ to swimm+ & life-sav+ h be5 excell$ by none1 & :o 0 a fai?ful practition] ( ! me?ods h]e9 set =?1 ?is book is affectionately d$icat$ by 8 son1 ,,! ,,au?or ,,"p ,i--,,introduction ,,page ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,swimm+ #ae ,,le>n+ ,,by ,,! ,,book #bb ,,"p ,,ii--,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,/rokes ,,! ,,back ,,/roke #bg ,,! ,,dalton ,,/roke #cg ,,! ,,back ,,& ,,dalton ,,/roke #ci ,,! ,,brea/ ,,/roke #da ,,*ang+ ,,f ,,back ,,to ,,brea/ ,,/roke #ec ,,new ,,"p ,,ii--,,advanc$ ,,/rokes ,,by ,,l\is ,c4 ,,dalton ,,! ,,side ,,/rokes #ef ,,! ,,trudgeon ,,/roke #fj ,,! ,,s+le ,,ov]-,,arm ,,/rokes #fb ,,! ,,engli% ,,rac+ ,,/roke #ff ,,! ,,d\ble ,,ov]-,,arm ,,/roke #fh ,,! ,,crawl ,,/roke #gj ,,"p ,,iii--,,float+1 ,,div+ ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,swimm+ ,,tread+ ,,wat] #ha ,,float+ #hd ,,div+ #hi ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,dog #ajf ,,plung+ #ajg ,,scull+ #aji ,,swimm+ ,,backw>d ,,on ,,! ,,*e/ #aaj ,,! ,,wa%+ ,,tub #aab ,,! ,,propell] #aac ,,! ,,torp$o #aae ,,! ,,ca!r9e ,,:eel #aag ,,roll+ #aai ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,porpoise #aba ,,! ,,p5dulum #abd ,,som]saults #abg ,,d\ble ,,som]saults #abi ,,) ,,"o ,,leg ,,out ,,( ,,wat] #aca ,,swimm+ ,,) ,,clo!s ,,on #acb ,,) ,,h&s ,,& ,,feet ,,ti$ #acd ,,ov] ,,& ,,"u #acf ,,swimm+ ,,"u ,,wat] #aci ,,monte ,,cri/o ,,sack ,,trick #adb ,,notable ,,feats ,,by ,,celebrat$ ,,swimm]s #add ,,"p ,,iv--,,wat] ,,polo ,,wat] ,,polo #aec ,,"p ,v--,,cramps1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,save ,,life1 ,,resuscitation1 ,,etc4 ,,cramps #aha ,,h[ ,,to ,,save ,,life #ahb ,,resuscitation ,,aft] ,,rescue #ahg ,,hall',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,resuscitation #ahi ,,sylve/]',s ,,me?od #aia ,,illu/rations ,,page ,frank ,eug5 ,dalton ,frontispiece ,fig4 #a4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,fir/ ,arm ,movem5t #bi ,fig4 #b4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,second ,arm ,movem5t #cj ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,?ird ,arm ,movem5t #ca ,fig4 #d4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,fir/ ,leg ,movem5t #cb ,fig4 #e4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,second ,leg ,movem5t #cc ,fig4 #f4 ,! ,back ,/roke--,?ird ,leg ,movem5t #cd ,fig4 #g4 ,float+ ,position #ce ,fig4 #h4 ,! ,dalton ,/roke #cg ,fig4 #i4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,fir/ ,arm ,movem5t #da ,fig4 #aj4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,second ,arm ,movem5t #db ,fig4 #aa4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,?ird ,arm ,movem5t #dc ,fig4 #ab4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,! ,leg ,movem5t ,exemplifi$ ,out ( ! ,wat] #dd ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,tea*+ ) ,trolley & ,in/ructor #dg ,fig4 #ac4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,! ,leg ,movem5t #di ,fig4 #ad4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,! ,/>t #dh ,fig4 #ae4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,second ,position #ej ,fig4 #af4 ,! ,brea/ ,/roke--,?ird ,position #ea ,l\is ,c4 ,dalton #ed ,fig4 #ag4 ,! ,side ,/roke--,fir/ ,position #eg ,fig4 #ah4 ,! ,side ,/roke--,second ,position #eh ,fig4 #ai4 ,! ,side ,/roke--,?ird ,position #ei ,fig4 #bj4 ,! ,trudgeon ,/roke--,fir/ ,position #fj ,fig4 #ba4 ,! ,trudgeon ,/roke--,second ,position #fa ,fig4 #bb4 ,! ,s+le ,ov]-,arm ,/roke--,second ,position #fc ,fig4 #bc4 ,! ,s+le ,ov]-,arm ,/roke--,?ird ,position #fd ,fig4 #bd4 ,! ,engli% ,rac+ ,/roke #ff ,fig4 #be4 ,! ,d\ble ,ov]-,arm ,/roke #fi ,fig4 #bf4 ,! ,crawl ,/roke #ga ,fig4 #bg4 ,! ,crawl ,/roke--,b5t ,knee ,position #gc ,fig4 #bh4 ,! ,crawl ,/roke--,legs ,fir/ ,position #ge ,fig4 #bi4 ,! ,crawl ,/roke--,legs ,second ,position #gf ,fig4 #cj4 ,! ,crawl ,/roke--,brea?+ ,position #gg ,tread+ ,wat] #hc ,float+ ,position #he ,incorrect ,float+ ,position #hf ,easy ,float+ ,position #hg ,tea*+ ,div+ to a ,beg9n] #ia ,a ,bad ,dive #ic ,correct ,position 9 ,mid ,air #id ,correct ,position on ,ent]+ ! ,wat] #ie ,mrs4 ,frank ,eug5 ,dalton--,position = a ,dive #ig ,! ,/&+-,sitt+ ,dive #ih ,! ,back ,dive #ii ,! ,dolph9 ,dive #aja ,! ,au/ralian ,spla% #ajb ,! ,neck ,dive #ajd ,swimm+ ,l a ,dog #ajf ,correct ,position = ,long ,plunge 9 ,wat] #ajh ,swimm+ ,backw>d on ,*e/ #aaj ,! ,wa%+ ,tub #aab ,! ,propell] #aac ,! ,torp$o #aae ,! ,ca!r9e ,:eel #aag ,roll+ #aai ,swimm+ ,l a ,porpoise #abb ,! ,p5dulum #abe ,=w>d ,som]sault #abg ,d\ble ,som]sault #acj ,"o ,leg ,out ( ,wat] #aca ,ov] & ,"u #acg ,monte ,cri/o ,sack ,trick #adb ,wat] ,polo #afa ,wat] ,polo--,diagram #agg ,! ,be/ ,me?od ( ,sav+ ,life #ahd ,sylve/]'s ,me?od--,figure #a #aia ,sylve/]'s ,me?od--,figure #b #aib ,sylve/]'s ,me?od--,figure #c #aic ,tail-piece #aie ,,"p ,i ,,introduction ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,swimm+ ,t all p]sons ought to "k h[ to safegu>d !mselves :5 9 deep wat] is becom+ m & m recogniz$ z "t passes4 ,:ile swimm+ is probably ! olde/ pa/ime kn[n to man1 & has _h1 & /ill has1 its vot>ies 9 e c\ntry1 civiliz$ or unciviliz$1 x is curi\s t ?is mo/ useful sci5ce %\ld h be5 s mu* neglect$4 ,= an adult p]son to be unable to swim po9ts to some?+ l crim9al neglig5ce2 e man1 woman & *ild %\ld le>n4 ,a p]son :o c n swim may n only become a dang] to himself1 b to "s "o1 & p]haps to sev]al1 ( 8 fell[ be+s4 ,*ildr5 z e>ly z ! age ( f\r may acquire ! art2 none are too "y1 none too old4 ,doctors recomm5d swimm+ z ! be/ all-ar\nd ex]cise4 ,x is especially b5eficial to n]v\s p4 ,swimm+ r$uces corpul5cy1 improves ! figure1 exp&s ! lungs1 improves ! circulation ( ! blood1 builds up g5]al heal?1 increases vitality1 gives self-confid5ce 9 case ( dang]1 & ex]cises all ! muscles 9 ! body at "o "t4 ,z an aid to developm5t ( ! muscul> sy/em1 x excels o!r sports4 ,e muscle is br\ght into play4 ,9 o!r important ways x is a useful1 & ev5 a necess>y accompli%m5t2 no "o kn[s :5 he may be call$ ^u = a practical te/ ( its m]its4 ,! ,slocum /eamboat cata/rophe 9 ! ,ea/ ,riv]1 ,new ,york1 sev]al ye>s ago1 gave a melan*oly example ( :at bett] k ( swimm+ might h done to save ! lives ( pass5g]s4 ,t awful trag$y1 :i* plung$ an entire city into m\rn+1 0 too appall+ to h its details reviv$ "h1 b1 reg>dless ( ! fact t ! life-pres]v]s on bo>d 7 f\nd unfit = use1 ! loss ( life w\ld h be5 made mu* small] _h ! un=tunate pass5g]s kn[n h[ to keep _! heads above wat] until help arriv$4 ,millions ( p are transport$ ye>ly by riv] craft1 & j = lack ( k ( h[ to swim a repetition ( ! ,slocum disa/] might occur any summ]4 ,only ab\t #bj p] c5t4 ( ! entire population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "k h[ to swim4 ,a visit to any ( ! bea*es along ! ,atlantic coa/ w conv9ce any "o ( ?is fact4 ,!re is no excuse = ?is ignorance1 especially 9 a city l ,new ,york1 ) miles ( wat] front & f9e bea*es at its v door2 nor is !re excuse 9 o!r places :]e an ocean1 lakes & riv]s af=d opportunities = swimm+4 ,swimm+ is a tonic alike = muscle & bra94 ,! smalle/ *ild & ! weake/ woman c enjoy x equally ) ! /ronge/ man4 ,:5 slaves ( ! desk & c\nt+-h\se are look+ =w>d = an all too brief vacation & seek ! m\nta9s or sea%ore to /ore up en]gy = ano!r ye>'s "w1 !y %\ld "k h[ to swim4 ,poor1 inde$1 is ! region :i* c n boa/ ( a piece ( wat] 9 :i* to take an invigorat+ plunge4 ,! importance ( be+ able to swim 0 v g5]ally recogniz$ 9 anci5t times1 notably by ! ,romans4 ,roman y\?1 z e>ly z ! ,republican era1 :5 tra9$ to be> arms1 7 made to include 9 _! ex]cises ba?+ & swimm+ 9 ! ,tib]1 :]e competitions 7 frequ5t4 ,cassius 9 8 y\? became r5[n$ z a swimm]4 ,%akespe>e1 9 a famili> passage1 describes a race betwe5 him & ,julius ,cs>1 ,cassius be+ made ! speak]3 ,i 0 born free z ,cs>2 s 7 y3 ,we bo? h f$ z well1 & we c bo? ,endure ! w9t]'s cold z well z he4 ,= once1 ^u a raw & gu/y day1 ,! tr\bl$ ,tib] *af+ ) h] %ores1 ,cs> said to me1 ',d>'/ ?\1 ,cassius1 n[1 ,leap 9 ) me into ?is angry flood ,& swim to yond] po9t8' ,^u ! ^w1 ,acc\tr$ z ,i 01 ,i plung$ 91 ,& bade him foll[2 s1 inde$ he did4 ,! torr5t ro>$2 & we did buffet x ,) lu/y s9ews2 ?r[+ x aside ,& /emm+ x ) he>ts ( controv]sy2 ,b ere we c\ld arrive ! po9t propos'd1 ,cs> cri$1 ',help me1 ,cassius1 or ,i s9k4' ,i1 z neas1 our great ance/or1 ,did f ! flames ( ,troy ^u 8 %\ld] ,! old ,an*ises be>1 s1 f ! waves ( ,tib] ,did ,i ! tir$ ,cs>3 ,& ?is man ,is n[ become a god4 ,macaulay1 9 "o ( 8 ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome1 describes ! sc5e :i* foll[$ aft] ,horatius _h be5 left alone to face ! troops ( ,l>s ,pors5a1 8 codef5d]s hav+ escap$ across ! bridge3 ,nev]1 ,i we51 did swimm]1 ,9 su* an evil case1 ,/ruggle ?r\gh su* a rag+ flood ,safe to ! l&+ place1 ,b 8 limbs 7 borne up bravely1 ,by ! brave he>t )91 ,& our good fa!r ,tib] ,bore bravely up 8 *94 ,x 0 n until ! n9ete5? c5tury t swimm+ really became a sci5ce4 ,9 fact1 x 0 only )9 ! la/ half-c5tury t a real awak5+ to its importance occurr$4 ,at ! pres5t day swimm+ has come to be reg>d$ z an indisp5sable adjunct to ! education ( ! "y4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,europe x =ms "p ( ! s*ool curriculum4 ,( su* p>am\nt importance is x !re held to be t1 on ent]+ ! army1 ! fir/ ?+ taught a "y recruit is swimm+4 ,on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic its importance is becom+ m evid5t daily4 ,t ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f x h manife/$ !mselves to municipalities is evid5c$ by ! fact t1 9 addition to free swimm+ ba?s on ! wat] front ( ,new ,york 9 summ]1 !re h be5 e/abli%$ sev]al indoor ba?+ pavilions :i* are op5 & accessible all ! ye> r\nd4 ,swimm+1 aside f its importance z a possible means to self-pres]vation 9 case ( %ipwreck1 ! upsett+ ( pleasure-boats1 or any ( ! num]\s accid5ts t s frequ5tly happ5 on ! wat]1 & also1 on occasion1 z a means ( sav+ life1 is n only "o ( ! be/ physical ex]cises kn[n1 b :5 "o swims = ex]cise he is also consci\s ( receiv+ great pleasure4 ,mo/ o!r =ms ( ex]cise1 aft] !y h be5 p>ticipat$ 9 = "s "t1 are apt to become some?+ l ef=ts1 or ev5 h>d%ips4 ,swimm+1 on ! o!r h&1 cont9ues to be exhil>at+4 ,un=tunately1 ^? :o h be5 be/ able to tea* ! sci5ce ( swimm+1 because ( hav+ te*nical k & pr(ici5cy1 h n made sy/ematic attempts to dissem9ate k ?r\gh sci5tific me?ods4 ,9 ?is respect ! au?or claims to diff] ) mo/ o!r in/ructors4 ,he has endeavor$1 9 ?is "w1 to treat ! subject sci5tifically & to use simple & concise language4 ,8 success z a tea*] is atte/$ by ?\s&s ( pupils :o h acquir$ ! pr9ciples ( a sy/em long kn[n z ! ,dalton sy/em4 ,,le>n+ ,,by ,,! ,,book ,! "q is (t5 ask$ :e!r x is possible = a p]son to le>n to swim by /udy+ a book or a s]ies ( articles4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! p]son4 ,9 ! case ( a v n]v\s p]son1 x is improbable t ?is may be satisfactorily accompli%$1 = x is !n absolutely necess>y t a pupil mu/ h an in/ructor1 9 ord]1 at ! />t1 to obviate dread ( ! wat]4 ,:]e ?is dread ( wat] or n]v\sness does n exi/ 9 any m>k$ degree1 /udy ( a "w su* z ?is may be ( unlimit$ advantage4 ,by c>efully foll[+ its in/ructions x w be possible to become a v fair swimm] )\t ! aid ( an in/ructor or any second p]son4 ,naturally1 x is n claim$ t a majority ( su* self-taught swimm]s w ev] become exp]ts at ! art1 al?o ev5 ?is is possible 9 a great _m cases2 b !re is a moral c]ta9ty t1 ) ! exception ( ! a=em5tion$ n]v\s beg9n]s1 a fair k ( ! sci5ce ( swimm+ may be atta9$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,numb]s ( v good swimm]s h _h no o!r tuition ?an :i* came f /udy ( a book4 ,especially is ?is true :5 foll[+ ! directions outl9$ 9 ?is book 9 ! matt]1 fir/1 ( practis+ keep+ ! eyes & m\? op5 "u wat]1 :i* w elim9ate all n]v\sness2 &1 second1 9 practis+ ! movem5ts us$ 9 ! brea/ & back /rokes1 :i* are ( ine/imable aid :5 actually tak+ to ! wat]4 ,( c\rse1 :]e ! swimm] desires to atta9 true sci5tific k ( ! art1 ! beg9n] ne$s ! aid ( an in/ructor :o may wat* = & correct any faults noticeable1 = ! simple reason t bad habits once contract$ are m difficult to elim9ate lat] on4 ,if ! lessons h]e9 set =? are c>efully foll[$1 !re is no reason :y1 ) ! exceptions be=e m5tion$1 "o %\ld n become a good swimm]4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,/rokes ,,! ,,back ,,/roke ,x may seem odd to ! beg9n] 7& to a great _m pr(ici5t swimm]s1 = t matt]7 t 9 tea*+ swimm+ by ! ,dalton sy/em1 ,i always beg9 by hav+ pupils swim fir/ on ! back4 ,mo/ in/ructors d j ! rev]se2 b dur+ n9ete5 ye>s ( a successful c>e] 9 tea*+1 ! pr(ici5cy ( ! graduat$ pupil has ju/ifi$ ! me?od4 ,!re are a numb] ( v good reasons :y le>n]s %\ld beg9 by fir/ swimm+ on ! back4 ,m especially is ?is true ( n]v\s or timid pupils4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! body floats m naturally & mu* easi] on ! back4 ,9 ! brea/ /roke1 :i* is ! fir/ "o taught by mo/ in/ructors1 ! head has to be kept out ( ! wat] & mu/ be support$ z dead weight by ! re/ ( ! body1 z expla9$ lat] on4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ! back /roke1 or swimm+ on ! back1 ! head re/s on ! wat] & ne$s no support f any o!r memb] ( ! body4 ,= ! same reason ! face1 be+ up & away f ! wat]1 ! beg9n] enc\nt]s no difficulty 9 brea?+1 & !re is no dang] ( ! wat] ent]+ ! m\?1 :i* is (t5 ! cause ( mu* annoyance to new pupils4 ,!n1 aga91 :ile on ! back1 z ! face is turn$ upw>d1 ! beg9n]1 especially 9 ! case ( a n]v\s p]son1 ga9s confid5ce f ! v fact t he is n con/antly look+ into ! wat]4 ,& also1 9 contradi/9ction to all o!r /rokes 9 swimm+1 ! arms & legs move toge!r--bo? arms & legs p]=m+ practically ! same movem5ts at ! same "t4 ,?us ! pupil1 realiz+ ! comp>ative eas9ess & ! abs5ce ( any difficulty 91 hav+ ma/]$ ?is /roke1 is imbu$ ) su* confid5ce t x becomes simply a matt] ( "t & practise to acquire all o!r =ms ( swimm+ t he may wi% to le>n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a ,! fir/ ?+ ,i d ) a beg9n]1 aft] he or %e has donn$ a ba?+ suit 7a suit 9 "o piece is pref]able1 z x w n int]f]e ) brea?+7 is to get ! pupil to lie on ! back1 at full l5g? on ! m>ble1 ) ! heels toge!r1 ! toes out1 ! h&s at ! side ( ! body4 ,plac+ myself back ( ! pupil's head1 ! h&s are drawn1 ) ! f+]s b5t1 up along ! body till !y t\* ! %\ld]s 7,fig4 #a71 ! elb[s be+ well turn$ out4 ,!n ! arms are /raight5$ out horizontally f ! %\ld]1 ! palms ( ! h& d[n 7,fig4 #b74 ,!n ! arms1 be+ rigid1 are br\ght d[n %>ply to ! side ( ! body 7,fig4 #c74 ,^! movem5ts %\ld be repeat$ sev]al times until ! pupil gets accu/om$ to !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b ,next ! leg movem5ts are %[n4 ,! heels are drawn up t[>d ! body z f> z possible ) ! knees well turn$ out 7,fig4 #d72 ! pupil !n kicks ! legs ap>t z f> z possible1 ! toes be+ po9t$ out /raight 7,fig4 #e74 ,next ! pupil br+s ! legs %>ply toge!r until ! heels t\*1 ! toes be+ turn$ out 7,fig4 #f74 ,aft] ^! movem5ts h be5 repeat$ sev]al times ! pupil c try ! arm & leg movem5ts toge!r4 ,! arms & legs are drawn up toge!r z 9 ,figs4 #a & #d1 !n ! pupil /raight5s out ! arms & legs1 z 9 ,figs4 #b & #e1 f9i%+ ! /roke by br++ ! arms & legs %>ply toge!r1 z 9 ,figs4 #c & #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #c ,:5 ^! movem5ts h be5 ma/]$ by ! pupil1 ,i take him or h] into ! wat]1 wai/ deep1 putt+ "o h& "u ! back1 ! o!r "u ! *91 =c+ ! pupil backw>d until ! e>s are "u ! wat]1 !n br++ ! pupil's h&s to ! sides1 & sl[ly />t+ ! movem5ts4 ,aft] ! arm movem5ts are ma/]$1 ,i take up ! leg movem5ts1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! knees d n come out ( ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #d ,to tea* pupils h[ to rega9 _! feet1 ,i %[ !m h[ to b5d =w>d f ! wai/ until ! face is "u wat]1 !n ! pupil w f9d 8 or h] feet sl[ly s9k+2 :5 ! toes t\* ! bottom ! head c be rais$ out ( ! wat]4 ,to accu/om pupils to ! wat] ,i tea* !m to op5 ! eyes & m\? "u wat]4 ,?is is mu* simpl] ?an non-swimm]s imag9e4 ,c>e is tak5 n to op5 ! eyes too wide4 ,at ! fir/ few attempts ! pupil w feel amaz$1 on op5+ ! eyes ! fir/ "t1 at ! di/ance ( ! vision "u wat]4 ,?is is a v good ?+ to "k1 & helps beg9n]s to ov]come fe> ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #e ,to tea* pupils to op5 ! m\? "u wat] ,i place a rubb] r+ six in*es f ! surface & h ! pupil br+ x to ! surface ) ! tee?4 ,by be+ c>eful n to attempt to brea! :ile "u wat]1 ! m\? may be op5$ to any ext5t )\t ! lea/ dang] ( swall[+ wat]4 ,x is wond]ful ! am\nt ( confid5ce in/ill$ 9 a novice on realiz+ 8 ability to op5 ! eyes & keep ! m\? op5 "u wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #f ,a pres]v] ti$ ar\nd ! wai/ obviates ! necessity ( an in/ructor hold+ ! pupil1 & he c1 !re=e1 bett] direct ! movem5ts1 s t ! pupil1 :ile be+ held up by a pres]v]1 makes headway1 c>e be+ tak5 to d ! movem5ts sl[ly & toge!r4 ,!n ! pupil is %[n h[ to turn ar\nd4 ,! knees %\ld be drawn up1 z 9 ,fig4 #d1 & !n to turn to ! left1 use ! "r arm only1 ! left arm %\ld be held 9 a /raight l9e ) ! %\ld]2 !n cont9ue to use ! ?ree arm movem5ts ) ! left arm1 until "o has turn$ completely ar\nd 9 ! wat]4 ,to turn ! o!r way1 use ! o!r arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #g ,next ! pupil is %[n h[ to float4 ,! knees are drawn up & turn$ out1 ! arms ext5d$ back beyond ! head1 z 9 ,fig4 #g2 ! h&s1 ab\t six in*es ap>t1 are kept "u wat]4 ,deep brea?s %\ld be drawn ?r\gh ! m\? & =c$ into ! lungs4 ,! pupil w notice t1 at ea* inflation ( ! lungs1 ! body w rise 9 ! wat]1 & s9k correspond+ly :5 ! air is expell$4 ,?is practise %[s h[ buoyant ! body is4 ,! m limp "o lies1 ! m buoyant ! body becomes4 ,s9ce ,i />t$ ! ,dalton ,swimm+ ,s*ool twelve ye>s ago1 at #bc ,we/ #dd? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,i h always %[n my me?od ( tea*+ swimm+ sci5tifically1 :i* is exactly ! rev]se ( ! me?ods ( o!r in/ructors2 t is1 tea*+ pupils h[ to swim on _! backs fir/1 be=e tea*+ !m ! brea/ /roke1 :i* ,i cont5d is ! h>de/ /roke ( all1 :5 done correctly4 ,ano!r innovation ( m9e is ! use ( ! ,dalton nose-clip1 a clip t p9*es ! no/rils tightly toge!r1 keep+ ! wat] out ( ! nose & =c+ ! pupil to brea! ?r\gh ! m\?1 :i* is ! correct way ( brea?+ :ile swimm+4 ,! m air "o gets into ! lungs ! light] "o is 9 ! wat]1 mak+ swimm+ easi]4 ,t is ! reason s _m w\ld-be swimm]s1 simply because !y try to brea! ?r\gh ! nose1 get w9d$ v quickly4 ,! ma9 ?+ ab\t brea?+ 9 all ! /rokes is to keep ! m\? op5 all ! "t4 ,) ! m\? op51 air c come 9 & out ( its own accord & ! pupil does n h to worry ab\t ! brea?+4 ,,! ,,dalton ,,/roke ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #h ,9 my next lessons ,i tea* pupils my own /roke--t is1 ! ,dalton /roke4 ,?is is employ$ :5 on ! back1 only in/ead ( go+ head-fir/ ?r\gh ! wat]1 z 9 ! back /roke1 ! pupil goes feet fir/4 ,! legs are held out1 p]fectly /raight1 !n "o leg is dropt d[n 9 ! wat]1 ! upp] half ( leg f knee to ?igh rema9+ /ation>y 7,fig4 #h74 ,!n1 z t leg is drawn back to its orig9al position1 ! o!r leg is br\ght d[n 9 precisely ! same mann]1 ! dropp+ ( bo? legs alt]nately 9 mu* ! same way z :5 walk+4 ,to d ?is effectively1 pressure mu/ be appli$ to ! positive /roke2 t is to say1 :ile ! foot is be+ drawn d[n4 ,! rev]se movem5t1 or /raight5+ ( ! leg1 mu/ be made g5tly4 ,! knees %\ld be br\ght to ! surface ( ! wat] ea* "t2 ?is is 9 a sl[ b re/ful movem5t4 ,! arm movem5ts consi/ ( hav+ arms /raight alongside ! body1 ! palms ( ! h&s be+ turn$ out1 ! ?umbs d[n1 mak+ small circles ) ! h&s & wri/s1 z 9 ,fig4 #h1 propell+ "o's self ahead ) small scoops4 ,x is h>d at fir/ to comb9e ! two arm & leg movem5ts1 b practise makes p]fect2 & aft] ! movem5ts are accompli%$ 9 unison ! pupil w f9d ?is a v easy & re/ful /roke4 ,,! ,,back ,,& ,,dalton ,,/roke ,9 tea*+ ?is /roke ,i revise bo? ! back & ! ,dalton /roke ) ! life-pres]v] on4 ,aft] ! pupil has cov]$ a di/ance ) ! back /roke1 in/ead ( mak+ a turn to retrace1 ,i %[ ! pupil h[ to rev]t to ! ,dalton /roke1 ?us avoid+ ! necessity ( turn+ ar\nd4 ,:5 *ang+ f ! back /roke to ! ,dalton /roke ! legs %\ld be br\ght toge!r & ! h&s put /raight to ! sides ( ! body2 !n ei!r /roke c be cont9u$4 ,! next move is to let a little air out ( ! life-pres]v]4 ,! pupil !n beg9s aga9 on ! same /rokes4 ,aft] sev]al trips up & d[n ! pool m air is let out1 ) m trips up & d[n ! pool1 & s on until !re is no air left 9 ! pres]v]4 ,s slight w be ! diff]5ce t ! pupil w h>dly notice x4 ,z long z ! back is well holl[$1 ! upp] "p ( ! body w float1 b directly ! body is d\bl$ up ! head & feet beg9 to s9k1 s t ! tea*] mu/ foll[ close aft] ! pupil to make ! pupil keep ! back well holl[$ & ! *e/ exp&$4 ,beg9n]s w be surpriz$ at ! ease ) :i* back /rokes propel ! body ?r\gh ! wat] )\t any undue ef=t4 ,to "o :o has nev] be5 us$ to swimm+ )\t support x gives a wond]ful feel+ ( exhil>ation to propel "o's self ?r\gh ! wat] & !n1 :5 tir$1 to sl[ly br+ ! arms back "u wat] until ! ?umbs come toge!r beh9d ! head & ! knees are drawn up to ! float+ position1 :ile ! pupil inhales deep brea?s ?r\gh ! m\?1 !reby su/a9+ ! body well up 9 ! wat]4 ,,! ,,brea/ ,,/roke ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #i ,! brea/ /roke has be5 h&$ d[n f an e>ly ,roman p]iod4 ,x is ! olde/ ( all /rokes1 b x is ! h>de/ to le>n prop]ly1 z ! head has to be support$ cle> ( ! wat]4 ,any "p ( ! body :5 held above wat] is dead weight1 & z ! head is all bone1 muscle & bra9s1 x is ! heavie/ "p4 ,?is is :y1 9 us+ ! brea/ /roke1 x is mu* h>d] to keep ! m\? & no/rils above wat]4 ,! brea/ /roke is s univ]sally id5tifi$ ) swimm+ t e beg9n] wants to le>n x4 ,x is only on ?is acc\nt t ,i tea* ! brea/ /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aa ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ab ,9 ord] to make ?is /roke cle> to beg9n]s ,i h divid$ x into f\r movem5ts ea*1 = ! arms & legs4 ,x is a good plan to practise ^! movem5ts fir/ out ( ! wat]4 ,get ! pupil to /& beh9d1 or by ! side (1 ! in/ructor1 & s foll[ ! arm movem5ts4 ,let him />t by hav+ ! palms ( ! h&s toge!r1 j bel[ ! *91 ! elb[s dropt d[n & )9 a few in*es ( ea* o!r1 z 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,9 ! fir/ movem5t %oot ! arms /raight ahead1 hold+ ! h&s toge!r1 z 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,9 ! next movem5t turn ! h&s till ! palms are turn$ slightly out1 ) ! ?umbs t\*+ & po9t$ d[nw>d4 ,9 ! ?ird movem5t br+ ! /raight5$ out arms ar\nd 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s1 z 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,9 ! f\r? movem5t br+ ! h&s toge!r till ! palms t\*1 ! elb[s be+ dropt1 & ! wri/s t\*+ ! *e/1 z 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,:5 ! pupil has become accu/om$ to us+ ! arms1 ! leg movem5ts are taught1 ea* leg sep>ately4 ,! heels are br\ght toge!r & ! toes turn$ out4 ,!n ! left leg is drawn up to ! body1 ! knee turn$ out1 z 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,?is leg movem5t is simultane\s ) ! arm movem5t1 z 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,!n ! leg is kick$ /raight out sideways f ! body & br\ght sm>tly back alongside ! o!r leg1 z 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,^! two movem5ts ( ! leg are p]=m$ :ile mak+ ! "o movem5t ( ! arm1 z 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,! arm movem5ts f ,fig4 #aj to ,fig4 #aa are accompli%$ :ile ! legs are /ation>y1 z 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,!n ! left knee is drawn up1 z 9 ,fig4 #i1 :ile ! h&s are br\ght back to ! *e/1 z 9 ! same figure4 ,aft] a little practise ) ! left leg1 ! same movem5ts are practis$ ) ! o!r leg & arms4 ,x is h>d to practise ! arms & bo? legs toge!r out ( wat]1 z 9 ord] to d s "o has to lie on a piano /ool or b5*4 ,i disc\rage ?is me?od because ! pressure on ! abdom5 is injuri\s4 ,aft] "s practise ( ^! movem5ts out ( wat]1 we !n take ! pupil into ! wat]4 ,:5 ! beg9n] ent]s ! wat]1 x is be/ = him to be held 9 a horizontal position by an ov]head trolley atta*$ to a belt /rapp$ ar\nd ! wai/1 or else held up 9 ! wat] by ! in/ructor1 z p] illu/ration4 ,! f\r arm movem5ts are tri$ fir/1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! h&s d n come out ( ! wat]4 ,at ! same "t !y %\ld be kept z ne> ! surface z possible )\t spla%+1 c>e be+ tak5 t1 on ! la/ movem5t1 ! elb[s are dropt & ! h&s kept up 9 ! wat]4 ,?is movem5t keeps ! head up 9 ! wat]4 ,%\ld ! h&s be dropt1 ! head w s9k4 ,! pupil %\ld keep 8 m\? op5 all ! "t1 n worry+ :e!r ! wat] ent]s or n4 ,by ?is means brea?+ becomes natural4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brea/ ,,/roke--,,tea*+ ,,) ,,trolley ,,& ,,in/ructor ,! leg movem5ts are !n tak5 up4 ,! be/ way is = ! pupil1 ) ! left h&1 to hold onto ! rail t l9es ! pool & to use ! palm ( ! "r h& l[] d[n 9 ! wat]1 aga9/ ! side ( ! pool1 z 9 ,fig4 #ac1 !reby hold+ ! body & legs up 9 ! wat]1 if ! back is ar*$4 ,! legs %\ld be drawn up1 ! knees & toes well turn$ out1 & ! legs !n kick$ /raight out & br\ght sm>tly toge!r4 ,?is comb9$ movem5t =ces a w$ge ( wat] to be %ot beh9d ! legs1 =c+ ! body ahead4 ,! legs are kept /ation>y = a mom5t & !n drawn up to ! />t+ position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ad ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ac--,,! ,,leg ,,movem5t ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ae ,aft] practis+ ^! movem5ts x is a good plan = ! pupil to ?r[ himself g5tly on ! wat] ) 8 face subm]g$1 & s d ! leg movem5ts alone1 ! arms be+ held /raight 9 front a c\ple ( in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,z long z ! head is "u wat] ! legs w n s9k4 ,x is surpriz+ ! confid5ce "o gets 9 do+ ^! leg movem5ts ) ! face "u wat]4 ,x takes away all fe>1 especially if ! eyes are kept op54 ,:5 ! pupil's brea? gives out1 he or %e %\ld b5d backw>d by holl[+ ! back1 br++ ! arms ar\nd 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s1 :5 ! feet w sl[ly s9k & ! pupil c easily rega9 a /&+ position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #af ,:5 ! arm & leg movem5ts are to be done toge!r1 ! pupil has to conc5trate 8 m9d on ! f\r movem5ts4 ,to />t1 "o mu/ h ! legs /raight beh9d1 keep+ !m motionless till ! pupil gets to f\r? movem5t ( ! arm /roke1 :5 ! arms & legs %\ld be ! same z 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,on ! fir/ & ! second movem5ts1 :i* =m a cont9u\s movem5t = ! legs1 %oot ! arms /raight out & hold !m !re until ! /raight5$ out legs come toge!r1 z 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,!n ! legs %\ld be kept rigid1 :ile ! h&s are turn$ & ! arms br\ght ar\nd 9 a /raight l9e ) ! %\ld]s1 z 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,f9i% ! /roke by draw+ ! legs up & ! h&s 9 to ! />t+ position1 z 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,^! comb9$ movem5ts w be difficult at fir/1 z ! movem5ts d n g toge!r1 z 9 ! back /roke4 ,:5 ! rhy?m beg9s to ass]t itself1 ! be/ way to practise is ) ! head "u wat]4 ,!n ! pupil c ?9k ( 8 arm & leg movem5ts )\t ! bo!r & ex]tion ( hold+ 8 head above wat]4 ,,*ang+ ,,f ,,back ,,to ,,brea/ ,,/roke ,! *ange f back to brea/ or vice v]sa is simple if done sl[ly4 ,let u assume ! pupil :ile swimm+ is us+ ! brea/ /roke & wi%es to turn ov]4 ,:5 9 position z 9 ,fig4 #ae1 ! pupil %\ld roll ov] on ! left side1 lift+ ! "r arm out ( ! wat]2 he w !n be 9 ! second back /roke position1 ready to cont9ue4 ,to turn f ! back to ! brea/ ! movem5t is a little quick]1 to prev5t ! legs s9k+ too l[4 ,f position on ! back z 9 ,fig4 #e1 roll ov] on ! "r side1 lift+ ! left arm out ( ! wat] s t ! h&s meet /raight 9 front4 ,!n quickly snap ! legs /raight toge!r & br+ ! arms ar\nd 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s & resume y\r regul> brea/ /roke4 ,^! turns %\ld be practis$ by roll+ on ei!r side4 ,! pupil may also b5d =w>d :5 on ! back1 z 9 /&+ up1 & cont9ue ) ! brea/ /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,c4 ,,dalton ,,new ,,"p ,,ii ,,advanc$ ,,/rokes ,by ,,l\is ,c4 ,,dalton ,,! ,,side ,,/rokes ,! side /roke is us$ = long di/ance swimm+ & is easy to le>n on ei!r side4 ,! pupil %\ld c\nt ! movem5ts & be delib]ate :ile do+ ! /rokes4 ,spla%+ & fa/ /rokes always d5ote an indiff]5t swimm]4 ,easy & graceful swimm+ c only be acquir$ by tak+ sl[ /rokes & keep+ ! h&s "u ! surface1 !reby obviat+ all t5d5cy ( pu%+ ! arms ?r\gh ! air in/ead ( ! wat]4 ,:ile practis+ ^! movem5ts ! head mu/ be kept d[n s z to be support$ by ! wat]4 ,"r ,side4--,practise ^! movem5ts on ! floor4 ,arm ,/rokes4--,! beg9n] ext5ds ! "r arm until x /raight5s 9 front1 keep+ x 9 ?is position1 ?us mak+ x easi] to acquire balance4 ,place ! left h& at ! left side4 ,movem5t ,i4--,draw ! left arm sl[ly up to ! *e/1 palm out4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,ext5d ! left arm z f> =w>d z possible4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,draw ! left arm d[n to ! side ( ! upp] 7left7 leg1 be+ c>eful n to b5d ! elb[4 ,leg ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,b5d bo? legs back toge!r f ! knees d[n4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,ext5d ! left leg backw>d f ! hip z f> z possible1 & ! "r leg =w>d f ! hip z f> z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ag ,movem5t ,,iii4--,snap ! legs1 :i* %\ld !n be p]fectly /raight1 toge!r4 ,n[ comb9e bo? ,movem5ts ,i4 z 9 ,fig4 #ag1 !n ,movem5ts ,,ii4 z 9 ,fig4 #ah1 & ,movem5ts ,,iii4 z 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,aft] ! pupil is m advanc$ he may use 8 "r arm by ext5d+ x out f & br++ x back to ! "r side ( ! body4 ,brea?+4--,inhale z ! left arm is swept alongside ! body4 ,exhale :5 left arm is ext5d$ =w>d4 ,left ,side4--,! same proc$ure z = ! "r side may be foll[$ ly+ on ! left side4 ,?is is important to le>n z ! pupil %\ld swim equally well on ei!r side4 ,x w also help him to acquire good =m4 ,arm ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,draw ! "r arm =w>d close to ! *e/1 palm out1 elb[ at ! side4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,ext5d ! "r arm =w>d z f> z possible1 keep+ ! h& ab\t six in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,sweep ! "r arm %>ply d[n to ! "r side1 !n re/4 ,! left arm is n us$1 b held /raight 9 front to help balance ! body4 ,:5 ! pupil is pr(ici5t ! left arm may be ext5d$ out & br\ght back z on ! "r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ah ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ai ,leg ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,b5d bo? legs back1 f ! knees d[n4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,spread ! legs z wide ap>t z possible1 ! "r back f ! hip & ! left =w>d f ! hip4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,snap ! /raight5$ out legs toge!r4 ,comb9e ! ,arm ,movem5ts ) ! ,leg ,movem5ts4 ,movem5t ,i4--,draw ! "r arm close to ! *e/1 palm out2 b5d bo? legs back1 f ! knees d[n4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,ext5d ! "r arm =w>d & spread ! legs wide ap>t4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,sweep ! "r arm d[n to "r side & snap ! legs toge!r1 !n re/ :ile y\r body is be+ propell$ ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,hold ! head s ! m\? is above ! surface1 & brea! z on ! "r side4 ,,! ,,trudgeon ,,/roke ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bj ,?is 0 "o ( ! rac+ /rokes be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,crawl1 & 0 consid]$ by "s swimm]s ! fa/e/ /roke4 ,x is q tir+ & %\ld only be us$ = %ort di/ances4 ,a great _m swimm]s modify ?is /roke to suit !mselves1 b !re is only "o sci5tific way4 ,! arms are held p]fectly /iff1 & lift$ well above ! wat] on e /roke4 ,fir/ practise ) ! arms alone4 ,lie on "r side ) ! "r arm ext5d$ =w>d at full l5g?1 left arm p]fectly rigid at left side4 ,draw ! "r arm %>ply d[n ?r\gh ! wat] to ! "r side1 turn+ ! body at ! same "t1 lift+ ! left arm out ( ! wat] & ext5d+ x /raight 9 front4 ,! legs %\ld be drawn up1 heels toge!r1 knees spread z ! "r arm />ts to come =w>d 7,fig4 #bj74 ,!n spread ! legs ap>t z ! "r arm is ext5d$ =w>d4 ,snap ! legs toge!r z ! "r arm is swept bel[ ! surface to ! "r ?igh4 ,^! ?ree leg movem5ts mu/ be done v quickly4 ,! head re/s on ! wat]1 ! m\? j above ! surface = brea?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ba ,:5 ! left arm is br\ght =w>d & lat] d[n to ! side1 ! legs rema9 motionless 7,fig4 #ba74 ,= rac+ purposes1 ! arms may be b5t at ! elb[s4 ,,! ,,s+le ,,ov]-,,arm ,,/rokes ,pupils aft] ma/]+ ! side & trudgeon /rokes take to ?is /roke v quickly1 because 9 reality x is a comb9ation ( bo?4 ,"r ,s+le ,ov]-,arm ,/roke4 ,arm ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,lie on ! "r side1 "r arm drawn 9 t[>d ! body1 h& po9t+ =w>d1 left arm re/+ at ! left side ( body1 palm out4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,lift ! left arm out ( ! wat] & ext5d =w>d1 b at arm's l5g?1 away f ! head1 ! "r arm motionless4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,sweep ! left arm %>ply d[n to ! side & ext5d ! "r arm /raight ahead4 ,leg ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,b5d bo? legs back f ! knees d[n1 keep+ ! knees & ankles toge!r4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,place ! "r leg back f ! hip1 & ! left leg =w>d f ! hip4 ,be sure ! legs are p]fectly rigid4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,snap bo? /raight5$ out legs %>ply toge!r1 !n re/4 ,comb9e ) ! ,arms4 ,lie on "r side4 ,movem5t ,i4--,hold ! left arm d[n to ! side1 palm out1 "r arm drawn 9 t[>d ! body1 h& po9t$ =w>d1 legs b5t back f ! knees d[n4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,lift ! left arm out ( ! wat]1 at ! same "t spread+ ! legs ap>t1 keep+ ! "r arm motionless 7,fig4 #bb74 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,?is movem5t mu/ be done %>ply4 ,draw ! left arm d[n to ! side1 ext5d+ ! "r arm /raight ahead1 :ile snapp+ ! legs /raight toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bb ,left ,s+le ,ov]-,arm ,/roke4 ,arm ,/rokes4--,lie on left side4 ,movem5t ,i4--,place ! "r arm at "r side ( body1 palm out1 ! left arm held close to ! side4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,lift ! "r arm out ( ! wat]1 be+ c>eful to hold x z f> away z possible to avoid spla%+1 ! left arm motionless4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,sweep ! "r arm %>ply d[n to ! "r side1 & ext5d ! left arm /raight ahead4 ,leg ,/rokes4 ,movem5t ,i4--,b5d ! legs back f ! knees d[n1 knees & ankles toge!r4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,br+ ! "r leg back f ! hip1 & ext5d ! left =w>d f ! hip4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,snap ! /raight5$ out legs %>ply toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bc ,comb9e ! ,arms & ,legs4 ,movem5t ,i4--,hold ! "r arm at full l5g? to "r side1 palm out2 ! left h& %\ld be held well 9 t[>d ! body1 po9t+ =w>d2 b5d bo? legs back f ! knees d[n1 knees & ankles toge!r4 ,movem5t ,,ii4--,lift ! "r arm out ( ! wat] & spread ! legs ap>t2 :ile do+ ?is movem5t ! left arm is motionless4 ,movem5t ,,iii4--,br+ ! "r arm %>ply d[n to ! "r side1 ext5d+ ! left arm =w>d1 & snapp+ ! legs quickly toge!r4 ,brea?+4--,inhale ?r\gh ! m\?1 at ! mom5t :5 ea* arm is p]=m+ ! d[nw>d /roke on ei!r side1 z ! m\? w !n be cle> ( ! wat]4 ,exhale imm$iately ! arm is ext5d$ =w>d4 ,anybody :o is ambidext]\s w f9d x easi] to le>n ! left s+le ov]-arm /roke be=e ! "r4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,rac+ ,,/roke ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bd ,! ,engli% ,rac+ ,/roke is a great deal m difficult to le>n ?an any ( ! advanc$ /rokes t we h rea*$ s f>1 b once ! /ud5t is pr(ici5t1 x is "o ( ! prettie/ /rokes4 ,my bro!r1 ,pr(4 ,f4,e4 ,dalton1 swims ?is /roke fa/] ?an "s swimm]s d ! crawl1 & 9 action he does x mo/ gracefully 7,fig4 #bd74 ,! ,arm ,movem5ts %\ld fir/ be le>n$4 ,lie on ! "r side 7b if ! pupil pref]s x c be done equally z well on ! left74 ,hold ! left arm at ! left side4 ,!n raise x out ( ! wat]1 b5d+ ! elb[2 ! h& %\ld ent] palm out1 & ab\t six in*es bel[ ! surface1 !n ext5d+ x z f> =w>d z possible4 ,next sweep ! left arm d[n to ! side %>ply4 ,ext5d ! "r arm /raight ahead1 draw+ x 9 t[>d ! body ) a semi-circul> scoop4 ,! leg movem5ts are v difficult & a great deal ( practise is necess>y be=e ! pupil w be ready to comb9e ) ! arms4 ,! legs are spread ap>t & snapp$ toge!r z 9 ! side /roke1 b in/ead ( /opp+ ) ?is scissors kick make an extra small circle kick4 ,brea?+4--,inhale by turn+ ! head z ! left arm is swept d[n to ! left side2 exhale "u wat] :5 ! left arm is ext5d$ =w>d4 ,pay great att5tion to brea?+ on ea* /roke1 z ?is is a great deal m ess5tial ?an acquir+ a little spe$1 if y wi% to swim any di/ance4 ,because ( improp] brea?+ p :o c n swim v well compla9 m ab\t gett+ w9d$ quickly1 ?an !y d ( any?+ else4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,ov]-,,arm ,,/roke ,! ,d\ble ,ov]-,arm ,/roke1 :ile difficult to ma/]1 w n prove s = ! /ud5t :o has le>n$ ! ,engli% rac+ /roke4 ,le>n ! d\ble ov]-arm to acquire =m4 ,= rac+ ! ,crawl w answ]4 ,arm ,/rokes4--,place ! left arm at ! left side1 !n lift x out ( ! wat]1 b5d+ ! elb[ & /ret*+ x z f> =w>d z possible2 n[ draw ! h& d[n ?r\gh ! wat] s x is swept to ! side4 ,! "r arm %\ld be at ! "r side 9 position to come =w>d p]fectly rigid at ?ird movem5t ( left arm4 ,!re mu/ be en\gh roll ( ! body to all[ ! "r arm to come out ( ! wat] to insure prop] brea?+4 ,sweep ! "r arm d[n ?r\gh ! wat] z ! left arm is rais$ out ( ! wat]4 ,hold ! face "u ! wat] except+ :5 y inhale aft] ! left arm has pass$ ! m\?2 exhale :5 "u z ! "r arm comes =w>d4 ,leg ,/rokes4--,! legs p]=m ! regul> scissors kick at ! same "t ) left arm action1 !n cross !m ov] & make a small] scissors kick 9 conjunction ) "r arm action :ile ! body is roll+1 z 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,! arms & legs %\ld be relax$ except :5 ! arms are mak+ _! sweep & ! legs are snapp+ toge!r1 o!rwise ! pupil w be "u a con/ant /ra9 :i* is n conducive to good =m 9 swimm+4 ,! pupil may f9d x v difficult at ! />t to "t ?is /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #be ,,! ,,crawl ,,/roke ,! ,crawl & ,trudgeon ,crawl are by all means ! fa/e/ /rokes = propell+ ! human body ?r\gh ! wat] up to date4 ,! crawl /roke z orig9ally introduc$ 0 a comb9ation ( ! trudgeon arm /roke ) a leg drive us$ by ! natives ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,?is /roke has s9ce be5 s *ang$ by lead+ swimm]s1 x is probably entirely diff]5t f t orig9ally introduc$4 ,a great _m amateur & pr(essional coa*es advocate ! tea*+ ( ! crawl to beg9n]s4 ,i w\ld h ! pupil note ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,coa* & ,swimm+ ,in/ructor4 ,! ,coa*'s pupil kn[s h[ to swim1 b ! ,in/ructor mu/ fir/ tea* 8 pupil4 ,! coa*es are s mu* 9 favor ( ! crawl !y advocate ev]ybody be+ taught x :5 fir/ le>n+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,in/ructor kn[s t x w\ld take twice z long to tea* ! crawl to a n]v\s beg9n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bf ,i h _h1 9 consequ5ce1 a deluge ( reque/s f novices t !y be taught ! crawl1 s ,i wi% to spread broadca/ ! fact t x is absolutely ess5tial = pupils to acquire confid5ce by fir/ le>n+ ! simple ,back & ,dalton /rokes4 ,! pr9cipal reason = ?is is ! fact t beg9n]s1 #he ( :om are n]v\s1 extremely s1 w naturally n imm]se _! faces1 & z ?is /roke mu/ be swum ) ! face "u wat] x w readily be se5 :y ,i diff] ) ! coa*es ref]r$ to4 ,! crawl1 l all o!r /rokes 9 swimm+1 mu/ be done sl[ly to atta9 spe$1 & ! body relax$4 ,b5d all y\r ef=ts to acquir+ =m2 spe$ w come lat] ) con/ant practise1 pati5ce & p]sev]ance4 ,! crawl may be done correctly ) v>y+ details1 dep5d+ on ! physique ( ! swimm]1 & ability ( ! coa* to apply ! prop] me?ods to 8 pupil4 ,i h swum ! crawl 9 all its v>i\s details1 & w expla9 ! me?od ,i h f\nd fa/e/ & easie/ = ! pupil4 ,! crawl1 except = %ort di/ances1 is n ! /roke us$ = rac+4 ,! trudgeon crawl is ! /roke p> excell5ce = rac+ purposes4 ,leg ,/rokes4--,ext5d ! arms at full l5g? 9 front ( ! head ) face "u wat]1 :ile practis+ ) ! legs4 ,:ile do+ ?is hold ! brea?1 b n aft] y h le>n$ ! complet$ /roke4 ,:5 practis+ ^! movem5ts y mu/ kick ! legs a trifle fa/] ?an w be necess>y :5 comb9+ ) ! arm movem5ts4 ,! legs mu/ be relax$1 especially at ! hips1 kick+ !m up & d[n alt]nately2 9 do+ ?is d n op5 !m m ?an f ab\t t5 to fifte5 in*es z 9 ,fig4 #bi4 ,?is w dep5d a great deal on ! physique & buoyancy ( ! swimm]4 ,! toes %\ld be po9t$ beh9d & ! feet turn$ inw>d4 ,be c>eful t y d n make ! mi/ake ( kick+ !m too high or op5+ !m too mu*1 also t !y d n come out ( ! wat]4 ,9 do+ ?is ?ra% /roke y w readily "k if y are mak+ ^! mi/akes1 because ! legs w become tir$ & cramp$ v quickly4 ,"s fa/ swimm]s b5d _! legs at ! knees z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bg1 o!rs take a sort ( p$all+ motion by b5d+ ! ankles back & =?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bg ,?is is done by br++ ! toes up z ! leg rises1 & po9t+ !m d[n z ! leg snaps back4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! fa/e/ spr9t]s swim )\t ! great b5d 9 ! knee2 "s b5d !m slightly to help relax ! legs4 ,! trudgeon crawl kick is a comb9ation ( ! crawl & ! trudgeon1 & ! reason x is us$ = spr9t+ 9 pref]5ce to ! crawl is because x is less tir+1 ?us af=d+ great] spe$ = long di/ances4 ,?is may be swum 9 ei!r two1 f\r1 six1 or eight beats4 ,! eight-beat is n us$ v (t54 ,! six-beat is us$ by mo/ ( ! fa/e/ swimm]s1 b ! f\r-beat is ! easie/ = pupils to le>n & "t2 x also is v spe$y4 ,! legs %\ld be kept close toge!r at all times & aft] tak+ two1 f\r1 six or eight beats1 :i*ev] ! case may be1 ! kick %\ld be =m$ t ! fir/ & f\r? kicks am\nt to n>r[ scissors kicks1 !n foll[ ) ! regul> ?ra% kick1 :i* is /raight up & d[n1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,po9t ! legs & turn ! feet 9 slightly4 ,q a few swimm]s believe _! legs are ( little assi/ance1 b y w f9d1 if y practise ! movem5ts alone ! way ,i sugge/1 ! legs w play a v prom95t "p 9 y\r /roke4 ,y w be able to make good spe$ )\t us+ ! arms4 ,:5 ^! movem5ts are ?or\ghly ma/]$1 aft] try+ all ! diff]5t v>iations to discov] :i* suits y\r p>ticul> ne$1 y may !n turn y\r att5tion to le>n+ ! arm /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bh ,! ,arm ,/rokes4--,! arms %\ld be practis$ ) ! face "u wat]1 mov+ ! legs only suffici5tly to prev5t !m s9k+ too l[1 & also s y c obta9 ! correct position 9 ! wat]4 ,! arms %\ld be b5t at ! elb[s aft] !y are br\ght out ( ! wat]4 ,! rea* %\ld be /raight out f ! %\ld]s1 plac+ ! h&s z f> =w>d z possible be=e ent]+ ! wat]2 by s do+ y w cons]ve y\r en]gy4 ,hold ! h&s l a scoop2 !y %\ld be ab\t six in*es bel[ ! surface be=e tak+ ! sweep4 ,:ile do+ ?is ! elb[s mu/ be p]fectly /iff1 sweep+ ! arms ) consid]able =ce "u ! surface z f> back z ! ?ighs1 ! body be+ propell$ =w>d by ! p[]ful =ce4 ,sw+ ! arms f ! %\ld]s & j lift !m en\gh s !y cle> ! wat]4 ,relax ! arms at all times except+ :5 !y take ! sweep ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bi ,"s swimm]s draw ! arms "u ! /oma*1 o!rs use ! arms entirely /raight1 a few place ! arms 9 close to ! head & ext5d to full l5g? "u wat]4 ,z 9 ! leg /roke1 if ! pupil tries ! diff]5t me?ods he w f9d :i* /roke is ! easie/ to accompli%4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ! arms1 comb9e ) ! legs be=e attempt+ to brea!1 z ?is 9 itself is q difficult4 ,brea?+4--,! brea?+ mu/ be done entirely ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,on ! crawl ! head & n ! body mu/ be turn$1 & j suffici5tly to all[ ! m\? com+ above ! wat] z ! left arm passes ! head1 & a deep brea? c !n be tak54 ,:5 ! left arm comes =w>d1 turn ! face "u ! wat] & exhale2 repeat on e /roke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #cj ,d n raise y\r head :5 brea?+ or hold y\r brea? = a consecutive numb] ( /rokes4 ,con/ant practise w loos5 ! muscles ( ! neck1 :5 y w f9d x mu* easi]4 ,9 ! trudgeon crawl !re is a great] roll to ! body1 & y brea! :5 roll+ t[>d ! "r side1 z 9 ,fig4 #cj4 ,hav+ le>n$ ! arm & leg movem5ts ) ! brea?+1 x is n[ ess5tial t ! position ( ! body be correct 7see ,fig4 #bf74 ,d n make ! mi/ake ( bury+ y\r head too deep or ! legs1 ei!r2 holl[ ! back s z to pres5t a slight slant to ! wat]4 ,if ! legs & back come too high raise ! head a trifle4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,float+1 ,,div+ ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,swimm+ ,,tread+ ,,wat] ,tread+ wat] is a v useful & necess>y adjunct to swimm+1 especially s to ! p]son :o ei!r falls ov]bo>d or goes to ! rescue ( a dr[n+ p]son1 or :5 try+ to remove "o's clo!s4 ,9 ! game ( wat] polo1 also1 ?is me?od ( swimm+ is practis$ a great deal4 ,to tread wat] is l runn+ up-/airs rapidly2 ! legs h to be br\ght up & d[n all ! "t2 ! h&s %\ld be kept on ! surface ( ! wat]1 ! palms cont9ually press+ aga9/ ! wat]1 & !reby help+ ! legs to hold ! body up4 ,x is possible to /& p]fectly /ill 9 deep wat]1 x be+ m]ely a "q ( balance4 ,/& p]fectly /ill1 ) ! arms 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s & ! head kept well back 9 ! wat]4 ,! head w s9k bel[ ! surface once or twice until ! prop] balance is rea*$4 ,:5 ?is is atta9$ try brea?+ ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,! swimm] c /& /ill = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tread+ ,,wat] ,,float+ ,float+ on ! surface ( ! wat] is enjoy$ imm5sely by all good swimm]s4 ,?is feat may seem q simple1 b x is n v easily accompli%$4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o are fairly good swimm]s1 & yet are unable to float prop]ly4 ,! be/ ( swimm]s h (t5 atta9$ ?is feat only aft] long & p]si/5t practise4 ,x is possible to le>n to float )\t be+ able to swim1 b 9 t case only by p]sons n subject to ! lea/ n]v\sness4 ,z a means ( secur+ re/ dur+ ex]cises 9 ! wat]1 float+ gives an ideal position4 ,)\t ! ability to float "o lacks ! absolute self-confid5ce 9 ! wat] s necess>y 9 ord] to p]=m num]\s aquatic feats4 ,z a rule1 wom5 le>n to float m quickly ?an m51 because _! bones are light]4 ,(t5times wom5 are able to float ! fir/ "t !y ent] ! wat]4 ,/range z x may seem1 :ile ?is accompli%m5t is a v difficult matt] = "s m5 to ma/]1 ) wom5 x is almo/ natural4 ,no?+ is m enjoyable to a good swimm] ?an float+4 ,especially is ?is true :ile ba?+ at ! sea%ore1 :5 ! sea is (t5 r\gh & ! break]s high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,float+ ,,position ,! positions = float+ or = swimm+ on ! back is practically ! same1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t 9 float+ ! body lies p]fectly motionless1 :ile 9 swimm+ on ! back ! limbs are con/antly 9 motion4 ,!re is no position m com=table to a swimm] ?an float+2 x is ! position ( re/1 & no b$ is s s(t z ! ocean4 ,to be able to lie p]fectly at ease ) only ! toes & ! l[] "p ( ! feet peep+ above ! wat] is "o ( _m pretty accompli%m5ts 9 swimm+4 ,yet x requires consid]able practise to become p]fect 9 ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,incorrect ,,float+ ,,position ,aft] ! novice has ma/]$ ! back /roke1 x is ess5tial t he %\ld le>n h[ to float 9 diff]5t positions4 ,beg9 !n by ext5d+ ! arms above ! head1 ?umbs lock$1 & back holl[$2 !n b5d sl[ly backw>d until ! back ( ! h&s & head re/ 9 ! wat]1 :51 by giv+ ! feet a slight pu% =w>d1 ! legs w rise sl[ly to ! surface4 ,keep ! m\? op5 & brea! deeply1 z ! m air inject$ into ! lungs ! high] ! body w float4 ,! head1 be+ ! heavie/ "p ( ! body 9 ! wat]1 %\ld !re=e be kept well back4 ,%\ld ! legs %[ a t5d5cy to s9k1 ext5d ! /raight5$ out arms "u ! surface 9 l9e ) ! body above ! head2 ?is w c\nt]balance ! legs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,easy ,,float+ ,,position ,ano!r me?od is to draw ! heels up close to ! body1 spread+ ! knees wide ap>t s t ! heels w t\* ea* o!r4 ,%\ld ! body roll f side to side1 spread ! arms until ! body is /eadi$2 sometimes a slight /roke f ! side :i* is roll+ is suffici5t to ma9ta9 ! balance4 ,z wom5 float mu* easi] ?an m5 on acc\nt ( ! smallness ( _! bones1 /\t p]sons are m buoyant 9 float+ ?an slim ones4 ,float+ 9 fre% wat] is m difficult ?an 9 salt wat]4 ,few male swimm]s c float 9 fre% wat] at all4 ,to rega9 ! feet 9 float+ seems to be a difficult ?+ = beg9n]s1 & yet x c be done ) comp>ative ease & little spla%+ if ! arms are br\ght 9 front1 us+ ! h&s z a scoop :ile pull+ ! body =w>d f ! wai/ up4 ,by br++ ! body & ! head =w>d until imm]s$1 ! legs w be =c$ to ! bottom4 ,"o ?+ beg9n]s %\ld always rememb] is to keep ! lungs well inflat$ & ! head well back 9 ! wat]2 9 fact1 ev]y?+ %\ld be kept "u wat] ) ! exception ( ! m\? & ! nose4 ,ano!r important ?+ to rememb] 9 float+ is to keep ! body limp1 & brea! naturally & regul>ly4 ,,div+ ,aft] a p]son has ma/]$ ! fir/ rudim5ts ( swimm+1 su* z ! back1 brea/1 & float+ /rokes1 he is naturally anxi\s to le>n to dive4 ,!re is no?+ m fasc9at+ to a swimm] ?an a %>p1 clean plunge into cool wat]4 ,! :ole secret ( div+ is ! possession ( pl5ty ( pluck & self-confid5ce4 ,"o ne$ n be an exp]t swimm] to be a good div]4 ,9 fact1 "s p]sons c dive v well & at ! same "t are m$iocre swimm]s4 ,z 9 o!r bran*es1 practise makes p]fect4 ,:ile 9 ord9>y swimm+ div+ is indulg$ 9 m]ely = ! pleasure d]iv$ !refrom1 9 rac+ div+ is a v important factor4 ,frequ5tly races are won ma9ly f ! ability ( ! cont5d] to dive prop]ly2 9 o!r words1 to get away ) a skimm+ plunge1 ?us secur+ a good />t & gett+ into a /ride t c>ries him to victory4 ,?is =m ( swimm+ is also ( ! utmo/ importance 9 ! matt] ( life-sav+4 ,z a luxury 9 sea-wat] ba?+ no?+ equals a plunge f a good height4 ,i advise beg9n]s to practise f a float or spr+bo>d1 ! latt] be+ pref]able1 z ! spr+ naturally ?r[s ! legs up into ! air1 !reby prev5t+ ! div] f l&+ flat on 8 /oma*1 z mo/ beg9n]s usually d4 ,! ess5tial po9ts to be consid]$ 9 div+ are to keep ! head well tuck$ 9 betwe5 ! ext5d$ arms1 ! ?umbs lock$1 ! arms =m+ an ar* above ! head4 ,9 /&+1 prep>atory to ! dive1 ! knees %\ld be slightly b5t1 s t ! spr+ comes f ! b5d$ knees & toes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tea*+ ,,div+ ,,to ,a ,,beg9n] ,9 tea*+ div+ to a n]v\s pupil1 at fir/ ,i g5]ally hold up ! left leg z he is b5d+ ov] to dive4 ,! f>!r ov] he b5ds1 ! high] ,i raise ! leg1 z p] illu/ration4 ,!n x is impossible = ! swimm] to fall flat on ! wat]2 ! uprais$ leg prev5ts t4 ,?is is ! way t ,i advise all w\ld-be div]s to make _! fir/ attempt4 ,aft] a :ile ! div] w ?r[ up bo? legs 9 ! air beh9d him4 ,to obviate ent]+ ! wat] ) ! knees d\bl$ up1 z s _m d 7see illu/ration71 ! toes mu/ be po9t$ /raight up1 back ar*$4 ,po9t+ ! toes t5ds to /raight5 ! legs out 7see page #id74 ,ano!r me?od ,i use 9 tea*+ a div] to spr+ well out is to hold a long /ick across ! wat]1 ab\t f\r feet away & ?ree feet above ! div+-bo>d4 ,?is makes ! div] spr+ well out & ?r[ 8 legs up beh9d him4 ,x is well to impress ! div] always to keep 8 ?umbs int]lock$4 ,o!rwise1 if he %\ld be div+ 9 a %all[ place1 ! h&s w\ld spread & ! head w\ld /rike bottom2 lock+ ! ?umbs prev5ts ?is4 ,aft] deep & %all[ dives h be5 ma/]$1 ! pupil c take up v>i\s fancy dives1 su* z ! side dive1 /&+-sitt+ dives1 /&+1 sitt+-/&+ dive1 back dive1 jack-knife dive1 front-back dive1 back som]sault1 front som]sault1 sitt+ jump1 & num]\s o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bad ,,dive ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,9 ,,midair ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,on ,,ent]+ ,,! ,,wat] ,! side dive is made by /&+ sideways on ! div+-bo>d1 ! =w>d foot turn$ s t ! toes grip ! edge ( bo>d4 ,:5 spr++ out1 ! back %\ld be well holl[$ & ! face turn$ up1 ! head well tuck$ 9 betwe5 ! arms4 ,! /&+-sitt+ dive mu/ be made f a good spr+bo>d4 ,! div] /&s at ! edge ( ! spr+bo>d1 ! arms /raight d[n1 ) ! h&s at "r angles ) ! arms1 ! palms d[nw>d4 ,) a slight spr+ ! pupil drops to a sitt+ position1 ! palms flat on ! spr+bo>d1 & ! legs /raight5$ out rigidly 9 front4 ,?us ! impact1 assi/$ by a pu%-(f ) ! h&s1 w j]k ! div] head =emo/ into space4 ,! div] !n turns ov]1 /raight5+ ! body & ent]+ ! wat] z 9 an ord9>y dive4 ,9 ! /&+-sitt+-/&+ dive f a /&+ position ! div] assumes a sitt+ position z 9 a sitt+ dive1 draw+ ! knees "u to rega9 ! feet aga9 & pu%+ (f = ! dive4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,,eug5 ,,dalton ,,position ,,= ,a ,,dive ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/&+-,,sitt+ ,,dive ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,back ,,dive ,! back dive requires a dep? ( at lea/ five to six feet4 ,! toes %\ld be well up to ! edge ( ! pool & ! back well holl[$4 ,?is is ! ma9 ess5tial2 "o also mu/ po9t ! toes out well4 ,?is is a v difficult dive & requires pl5ty ( n]ve & practise4 ,! jack-knife dive is made f ! back-div+ position by spr++ up 9 ! air1 d\bl+ ! body up f ! wai/1 & ?r[+ ! legs up beh9d1 try+ to ent] ! wat] z clean z possible fac+ ! spr+bo>d4 ,! dolph9 dive is ! /raight front dive1 only ! body mu/ be turn$ %>ply 9 ! air f front to back4 ,! easie/ way is to practise ?is f a spr+bo>d ab\t six feet above wat]4 ,! back som]sault f ! spr+bo>d requires ! swimm] to d\ble up :ile 9 ! air2 ! arms %\ld be l[]$ f ! %\ld] & b5t up f ! elb[1 & ! knees drawn up1 s z to make ! body ball-%ap$1 :5 ! turn-ov] c be made easi]4 ,! front som]sault is exactly ! same1 only ) ! face =w>d in/ead ( backw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dolph9 ,,dive ,= ! ,au/ralian spla% "o /&s 9 ! regul> div+ position1 spr++ well out & d\bl+ ! body 9 ! air1 ) ! h&s clasp+ ! knees4 ,"o mu/ keep ! head well =w>d ) ! toes po9t+ d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,au/ralian ,,spla% ,! neck dive mu/ be done f a spr+bo>d well above ! wat]4 ,grip ! front ( ! bo>d ) ! h&s1 ) ! head well ov] ! edge1 ?r[+ ! legs 9 ! air1 turn+ ! body ov]1 & back som]sault+ into ! wat]1 feet fir/4 ,:5 a swimm] has improv$ & add$ spe$ to 8 rac+ /roke1 he %\ld practise %all[ rac+ dives & h[ to turn %>ply 9 a tank4 ,?is is v important1 z _m a race has be5 lo/ ?r\gh ! inability ( ! rac] to turn %>ply :5 rea*+ ! end ( a tank4 ,to practise ?is1 swim sl[ly to ! end ( ! tank1 gage y\r /rokes1 s t ! "r h& grasps ! b> :i* is usually plac$ ar\nd ! tank a little above ! wat]4 ,?r[ ! left arm ov] ! "r arm aga9/ ! m>ble side ( ! ba? "u wat]2 at ! same "t d\ble ! body up1 swit* ar\nd1 ga!r+ y\rself well toge!r1 & %oot =w>d ) ! arms ext5d$4 ,t5 to tw5ty feet c be cov]$ on a good pu%-(f4 ,! me?od usually foll[$ by swimm]s 9 ,am]ica is to d\ble up & turn to ! left :5 !y are )9 a foot ( ! end ( ! ba? )\t t\*+ ) ! h&s1 b pu%+ (f ) ! feet4 ,9 races 9 ,engl& ?is turn is n all[$1 z ! rac] mu/ t\* ! end ( ! ba? ) 8 h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,neck ,,dive ,a rac+ dive is a v %all[ dive4 ,! quick] ! swimm] gets to ! surface ! less "t is wa/$ 9 gett+ into 8 /roke4 ,bo? ^! ?+s are v important & %\ld be well practis$4 ,:5 tra9+ 9 a tank1 ! rac] %\ld nev] g ! full di/ance1 b res]ve 8 spe$ = ! day ( ! race4 ,9 a tank x is a good plan to c\nt ! numb] ( /rokes requir$ to d ! l5g?1 s t y "k j :5 ! end ( ! ba? is rea*$ )\t turn+ ! head4 ,a /raight c\rse is always advisable4 ,?is c be kept by swimm+ p>allel ) ! side ( ! ba?4 ,x is good practise to get a fri5d to "t y\r l5g?s1 & get us$ to div+ at ! ^w g4 ,! be/ position = a rac+ dive is ) ! h&s 9 front ( ! body1 ! knees b5t1 & ! m\? op51 s t y get all ! air possible be=e /rik+ ! wat]4 ,always spr+ out z f> z y c4 ,nev] m9d if x is a flat dive4 ,?is is mu* bett] ?an a deep1 clean dive1 & less "t is lo/4 ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,dog ,*ildr5 g5]ally manage to swim l a dog 9 _! initial attempts4 ,?is is a v easy & simple me?od ( propulsion1 ma9ly = ! reason t ! arms & legs are nev] lift$ above wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,dog ,legs are kick$ out /raight to ! re>1 sole ( ea* foot /rik+ ! wat] squ>ely & alt]nately1 in/ead ( work+ toge!r4 ,h&s are plac$ 9 front ( ! body1 ) palms d[n1 & are successively br\ght d[n "u ! body & up aga94 ,,plung+ ,to become a good plung] ! swimm]1 fir/ ( all1 has to h good lungs4 ,he mu/ be able to hold 8 brea? = at lea/ "o m9ute "u wat]4 ,ability to float face d[n1 z 9 ! dead man's float1 is also ess5tial4 ,_m w\ld-be plung]s f9d t _! feet s9k aft] hav+ gone ab\t #be feet1 ! reason be+ lack ( practise 9 float+4 ,:5 practis+ = plung+ ! take-(f %\ld be ab\t ?ree feet above ! wat]4 ,! ?umbs %\ld be lock$1 ! knees slightly b5t1 & ! edge ( ! div+-bo>d gript well ) ! toes4 ,empty ! lungs by exhal+1 !n fill aga9 ) a long1 deep brea?1 & at ! la/ inhalation spr+ =w>d1 ) all ! =ce possible1 tak+ c>e n to g deep 9 ! wat]2 ab\t two feet d[n is suffici5t4 ,keep ! head well d[n & ! toes po9t+ up4 ,! back %\ld be ar*$ & ! legs b5t up f ! knees2 ?is w c\nt]act ! t5d5cy ( ! legs to s9k4 ,unless "o makes a /raight dive by pu%+ (f equally /rong ) bo? legs1 ! body w g sideways to ! side ( ! pool4 ,float+ on ! back & *e/ is ma9ly a "q ( balance1 & comes only aft] consid]able practise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correct ,,position ,,= ,,long ,,plunge ,! "t limit all[$ 9 a plunge is #fj seconds )\t rais+ ! face out ( ! wat]4 ,! record is ov] #ha feet1 #e in*es1 & 0 made 9 ,engl& by ,h4,w4 ,allason4 ,,scull+ ,?is is "o ( ! simple/ me?ods ( swimm+ on ! back1 ! =e>ms & h&s alone be+ 9 motion dur+ ! p]=mance4 ,! swimm] turns on ! back ) ! legs /raight out & toge!r1 or cross$1 ! arms be+ flexible & ne> ! body4 ,! h&s1 ) palms d[nw>d1 mu/ be 9 l9e ) ! ?ighs1 ) ! f+]s slightly rais$4 ,! h&s are work$ f ! wri/s1 f "r to left1 9 addition to a slight movem5t 7"r to left7 ( ! =e>m4 ,?is =ces ! body1 head fir/1 v gracefully ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,,swimm+ ,,backw>d ,,on ,,! ,,*e/ ,illu/ration3 ,,swimm+ ,,backw>d ,,on ,,*e/ ,9 p]=m+ ?is trick ( backw>d on ! *e/1 ! body is plac$ 9 position z 9 ! brea/ /roke1 ! legs & arms toge!r1 out/ret*$ 9 l9e ) ! body4 ,! feet mu/ be mov$ sl[ly f ! knees1 ea* leg sep>ately4 ,! feet are alt]nately pu%$ backw>d & ! toes ext5d$ to ! re>4 ,! feet mu/ n come above ! wat]4 ,! action ( ! h&s is p]=m$ ) ! palms fac+ outw>d1 ea* h& be+ pu%$ alt]nately =w>d4 ,ano!r me?od ( us+ ! h&s is ! rev]se ( ! brea/-/roke movem5t2 9 o!r words1 ! brea/ /roke movem5t is done backw>d4 ,beg9 ) ! arms out /raight 9 front1 ! palms toge!r1 & !n draw ! arms backw>d until ! wri/s t\* ! *e/4 ,next ?r[ out ! arms horizontally 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s1 ! palms turn$ out1 ?us s5d+ ! body backw>d by br++ ! out/ret*$ arms /raight toge!r until ! palms t\*4 ,if ! p]=m] be an exp]t swimm] he c1 by us+ ?is arm movem5t1 disp5se ) ! leg movem5ts4 ,?is is a /unt well wor? practis+1 z x looks v effective 9 ! wat]4 ,,! ,,wa%+ ,,tub ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wa%+ ,,tub ,?is is a v simple p]=mance & requires little practise4 ,! swimm] turns on 8 back1 d\bles ! body by br++ ! knees up to ! *91 ) ! legs cross$4 ,! body is kept 9 position by work+ ! h&s ! same z 9 scull+4 ,z soon z ! swimm] has obta9$ 8 balance1 he pu%es ! wat] away f 8 body ) ! "r h& & uses ! left h& 9 ! opposite mann]1 or1 z x 71 pulls ! wat] t[>d ! body ) ! left h&4 ,,! ,,propell] ,?is is a v graceful movem5t & nev] fails to excite admiration 9 onlook]s4 ,to d x prop]ly requires consid]able practise4 ,"o mu/ be able to float well4 ,!re is always a t5d5cy to raise ! head above ! prop] level1 :i* 9 turn causes ! feet to s9k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,propell] ,to beg91 ! swimm] %\ld turn on ! back1 plac+ ! h&s at ! side ( ! body1 keep+ ! head back & ! feet toge!r4 ,slight movem5ts ( ! h&s f ! wri/s w keep ! body float+4 ,!n make a long sweep ( ! arms f ! body1 "u ! surface ( ! wat]1 until !y are at full l5g? beyond ! head4 ,?us ! body w be propell$ ) ! feet =emo/4 ,z soon z ! body is 9 motion1 ! h&s %\ld be mov$ by ! wri/s & =e>ms only1 9 a scoop-l mann]1 ) ! palms turn$ outw>d4 ,! body may be turn$ r\nd by less5+ ! movem5t ( "o h& & increas+ t ( ! o!r1 ! body turn+ to ! side on :i* ! less] movem5t is tak+ place4 ,br++ ! arms to ! side aga9 z 9 ! orig9al position w br+ ! body to a /&/ill4 ,?is trick1 seem+ly v simple1 is some:at difficult ( accompli%m5t1 & requires consid]able practise4 ,,! ,,torp$o ,?is is a r difficult p]=mance4 ,x requires a great deal ( practise4 ,! movem5ts are almo/ id5tical ) ^? 9 ! propell]1 ! ma9 diff]5ce be+ t 9 ?is trick ! head is kept "u wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,torp$o ,to beg91 ! p]=m] %\ld lie flat 9 ! wat] on 8 back1 ) 8 arms /ret*$ out beyond 8 head4 ,! palms %\ld be turn$ upw>d4 ,!n ! legs %\ld be rais$ f ! hips1 & kept rigid4 ,?is w cause ! body to become subm]g$1 all b ! ankles & feet4 ,"o !n mu/ "w ! h&s ! same z 9 propell]1 b at ! end ( ea* /roke make a slight upw>d pressure ) ! palms1 s t ! body may reta9 its position bel[ ! wat]4 ,! movem5t ( ! h&s w cause ! body to move =w>d1 feet fir/4 ,! swimm] %\ld at all times keep 8 eyes op5 9 ord] to guide himself 9 a /raight l9e4 ,,! ,,ca!r9e ,,:eel ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!r9e ,,:eel ,?is is a v effective /unt4 ,aft] assum+ ! float+ position1 turn on ! "r side1 ) ! arms at full l5g?1 ! h&s close to ! body1 & ! knees drawn up4 ,beg9 by mov+ ! legs sideways2 t is1 br+ ea* knee up alt]nately1 /raight5+ out ! legs & mak+ a wide sweep ) ea* leg be=e br++ x up aga94 ,! legs are us$ ! same z paddles on a side-:eel]1 z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,?is %\ld be practis$ on bo? sides4 ,"o h& is made to scoop ! wat] t[>d ! body 9 front1 :ile ! o!r is manipulat$ ! same way at ! back4 ,) a little practise "o ?us may simulate a ,ca!r9e :eel--at lea/ :5 ! act is done rapidly & effici5tly4 ,,roll+ ,to roll 9 ! wat] "o has to be able to float well2 to roll easily ! body mu/ float z high 9 ! wat] z possible4 ,no movem5ts ( arms or legs are requir$ at all1 ! balanc+ be+ done ) ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roll+ ,fir/ get into a float+ position1 ! arms ext5d$ beyond ! head1 ! ankles cross$ z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,!n fill ! lungs well ) air1 & g5tly rock ! body f side to side1 increas+ ! motion until ! body rolls ne>ly ov] on its side4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is position1 turn ! face well ov] on ! "r side1 & ! body w roll ov] & turn up aga9 on ! o!r side4 ,aft] ! fir/ complete roll1 once mom5tum is />t$1 ! second becomes easi]4 ,sev]al rolls c be made be=e /opp+1 provid$ ! brea? holds out4 ,always f9i% 9 ! float+ position4 ,:5 "o has le>n$ h[ to roll ov] on ! "r side1 roll+ on ! left side %\ld be practis$1 until t movem5t becomes z easy z ! o!r "o4 ,aft] practise ! rolls c be made v easily & gracefully1 )\t spla%+4 ,! legs mu/ always be kept cross$ & toge!r1 nev] lett+ ! h&s come out ( ! wat]4 ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,porpoise ,?is trick1 v int]e/+ & pretty1 is q mir?-provok+ to ! onlook]1 especially if indulg$ 9 by a numb] ( swimm]s4 ,unlike ! va/ majority ( tricks p]=m$ 9 ! wat]1 x does n call = ability to float well1 ! only qualification be+ t "o mu/ be a fairly good swimm]4 ,beg9 by ly+ flat on ! wat] ) ! face d[nw>d4 ,!n take a deep inspiration aft] hav+ cle>$ ! lungs4 ,z ! *e/ beg9s to inflate1 ! body mu/ be all[$ to s9k "u wat]4 ,at ! end ( ! inspiration ! head %\ld g bel[ ! surface4 ,aft] a c\ple ( brea/ /rokes "u wat]1 turn ! head upw>d4 ,by execut+ a /rong kick ) ! legs1 ! head w rise out ( ! wat]4 ,z ! body rises1 make "o /roke ) ! arms1 &1 z soon z ! head comes up1 ! arms %\ld be recov]$ to ! fir/ position ( ! brea/ /roke & pu%$ toge!r d[nw>d ?r\gh ! wat] f its level to ! side ( ! body4 ,simultane\sly1 z ! h&s are mov+ t[>d ! body1 ! legs %\ld be /raight5$ ) a %>p kick4 ,?is w =ce ! head & %\ld]s out ( ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swimm+ ,,l ,a ,,porpoise ,a sudd5 incl9ation ( ! head t[>d ! *e/ w assi/ ! body 9 roll+ ov]1 :5 ! back & legs w become visible aft] ! head is aga9 "u wat]1 ! legs be+ ! la/ to s9k4 ,by c>efully regulat+ ! brea?+1 ?is movem5t c be effect$ a numb] ( times4 ,,! ,,p5dulum ,?is is ano!r v clev] trick1 requir+ consid]able practise2 ! ma9 ess5tial is ability to float4 ,! p5dulum is prim>ily a balanc+ feat1 a well-inflat$ *e/ be+ ! ma9 requisite4 ,! body %\ld fir/ be all[$ to float on ! wat]1 ) ! arms /ret*$ out beyond ! head & 9 l9e ) ! body4 ,! head mu/ be ?r[n well back :ile ! body is kept p]fectly /ill4 ,!n take a deep inhalation1 br++ ! head well =w>d1 z if to look at ! feet4 ,simultane\sly ) ?is movem5t draw h&s t[>d ! head4 ,^! comb9$ movem5ts w cause ! body to s9k1 & ?us assume a p]p5dicul> position 9 ! wat]4 ,:5 ! body has assum$ a p]p5dicul> position1 ! arms mu/ be br\ght to ! front ( ! body1 /ret*$ well out1 & at ! same "t ! head mu/ be sunk betwe5 ! arms until ! face & arms lie on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,:5 ! arms & head are d[n1 ! feet w rise & ! body float on ! surface ) ! face d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,p5dulum ,to come back to ! fir/ position1 ! head mu/ be tilt$ backw>d & ! h&s drawn to ! back ( ! head4 ,aga9 ! feet w s9k & ! body be swung back to a p]p5dicul> position ) ! face above wat]4 ,"o mu/ !n /ret* ! arms at full l5g? beh9d ! head1 ) ! palms upw>d1 gradually incl9+ ! head backw>d until ! legs once m rise to ! surface1 & ! body floats face upw>d4 ,repetition ( ^! movem5ts produce a sw++ simil> to t ( a p5dulum4 ,! movem5ts mu/ be accompli%$ ) regul>ity1 at all times keep+ ! legs /raight & toge!r4 ,,som]saults ,?is is "o ( ! easie/ & simple/ tricks4 ,) v little practise x c be ma/]$ by mo/ ord9>y swimm]s4 ,( c\rse1 ?is /atem5t ref]s to ! ord9>y som]sault1 ei!r backw>d or =w>d1 :i* is no?+ m ?an a turn+ ov] ( ! body :ile 9 ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=w>d ,,som]sault ,9 ! back som]sault ! head is tilt$ back z f> z possible1 ! legs well drawn up1 & ! arms ?r[n out horizontally f ! %\ld]s4 ,!n ! body is turn$ on ! back & a /roke tak5 ) ! arms & h&s4 ,z ! body is d\bl$ up1 ?is action causes x to turn completely ov]1 ! head go+ "u fir/4 ,9 ! =w>d som]sault1 ! head is pre/ d[n ^u ! *e/1 ! legs d\bl$ up1 ! same z 9 ! back som]sault1 ! arms at "r angles ) ! body1 & ! palms d[nw>d4 ,! /roke is made simil> to t 9 ! back som]sault1 b ! movem5t is />t$ 9 front4 ,if !re are a numb] ( ^! motions to be made1 ! lungs %\ld be well fill$ be=e beg9n+1 z !re is no "t = prop] brea?+4 ,,d\ble ,,som]saults ,z ?is trick requires two swimm]s1 x makes necess>y a great deal m practise4 ,to beg91 ! swimm]s /& on ! bottom ( ! pool1 "o 9 front ( ! o!r4 ,! =w>d swimm] ?r[s out 8 arms at a "r angle ) ! body1 ev5 ) ! %\ld]s1 & spreads 8 legs until 8 feet are ab\t twelve in*es ap>t4 ,!n ! second swimm]1 aft] tak+ a deep brea?1 dives "u wat] & places 8 head betwe5 ! legs ( ! o!r1 b5d+ 8 legs backw>d until !y come close to ! head ( ! =w>d swimm]1 :o 9 turn tilts 8 head backw>d s t x may be grasp$ by ! legs ( ! o!r4 ,:5 9 ?is position1 ! swimm]s beg9 to turn backw>d1 us+ ! arms ! same is 9 ! backw>d 7s+le7 som]sault4 ,! head ( ea* swimm] %\ld be tilt$ well backw>d4 ,z ! head ( ! =w>d swimm] disappe>s bel[ ! surface1 ! head ( ! o!r %\ld appe>4 ,aft] sev]al turns ! grip ( ! legs may be releas$ & ! swimm]s rise to ! surface 9 _! orig9al positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,som]sault ,,) ,,"o ,,leg ,,out ,,( ,,wat] ,9 ?is act ! swimm] %\ld lie on 8 back1 ! same z 9 scull+1 raise "o leg until x is at "r angles ) ! body1 keep+ ! o!r leg /raight & rigid4 ,! action ( ! h&s w propel ! body =w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,leg ,,out ,,( ,,wat] ,:5 becom+ pr(ici5t 9 ?is movem5t1 ! swimm] c practise rais+ ! o!r leg4 ,?is requires consid]able m =ce 9 ! work+ ( ! h&s1 s t bo? legs may be kept 9 position4 ,by p]=m+ ! motion ( ! h&s directly "u ! legs1 less difficulty w be exp]i5c$4 ,,swimm+ ,,) ,,clo!s ,,on ,?is is an accompli%m5t t %\ld be le>n$ by all swimm]s4 ,9 addition to ! s5se ( security giv5 9 "t ( accid5t1 x is productive ( great amusem5t at race meets & exhibitions1 & nev] fails to excite admiration & wond] 9 ! onlook]4 ,( c\rse1 ?is c be practis$ ) an old or ca/-(f suit4 ,practise fir/ ) a coat1 !n ) a coat & wai/coat2 next add tr\s]s1 & la/ ! %oes & /ock+s4 ,?is w gradually accu/om ! beg9n] to ! extra weight ( ! clo!s4 ,9 case ( an imm]sion 9 clo!s1 ) no help 9 sight1 ! soon] ! swimm] removes 8 clo!s ! long] he c support himself4 ,! easie/ way is to float on ! back & remove ! coat1 tak+ out "o arm at a "t1 us+ ! legs z 9 ! ,dalton /roke2 next remove ! ve/1 /ill ly+ on ! back2 !n unbutton ! tr\s]s & pull ! "r leg d[n ) ! left h&4 ,to remove ! left leg1 use ! left h& & kick out ) ! "r leg4 ,to remove ! %oes1 lie on ! back & draw up "o leg at a "t1 cross$ ov] ! o!r leg1 & s try & undo ! laces4 ,if a knife is h&y1 cut ! laces & kick ! %oes (f4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ effective feats practis$ at exhibitions4 ,,) ,,h&s ,,& ,,feet ,,ti$ ,?is trick is mo/ frequ5tly p]=m$ ) ! wri/s & ankles ti$ ) a rope4 ,! p]=m] %\ld plunge into ! wat] z = a %all[ dive & rise to ! surface )\t mak+ a /roke4 ,! legs are !n drawn up until ! heels are q close to ! back ( ! ?ighs1 !n ! legs are kick$ out toge!r4 ,! arms are drawn d[n ?r\gh ! wat]1 9 front ( ! body1 & !n %ot out4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t too mu* =ce be n employ$1 or mu* ( ! beauty ( ?is movem5t w be lo/4 ,naturally1 ! pace w be sl[1 b ?is does n detract f its neatness1 nor less5 ! admiration t ?is trick always calls =?4 ,?is "w is (t5 p]=m$ by exp]ts1 hav+ _! arms ti$ to _! sides or beh9d _! backs4 ,:5 p]=m+ 9 ?is mann]1 "o mu/ swim on ! back1 & ! legs only c be us$ = propulsion4 ,9 ?is in/ance bett] progress is made1 z x is mu* easi] to swim on ! back ) ! h& & feet ti$ ?an x is to swim on ! brea/ "u ! same conditions4 ,"o ( ! ma9 ess5tials 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is trick is ability to float4 ,^! p]=mances1 also1 are mu* easi] 9 a tidal riv] or /ream ?an 9 /ill wat]1 z ! body is c>ri$ =w>d ) ! motion ( ! wat]1 & less ex]tion is necess>y to rema9 on ! surface4 ,,ov] ,,& ,,"u ,illu/ration3 ,,ov] ,,& ,,"u ,?is is "o ( ! prettie/ exhibition tricks t c be accompli%$ 9 ! wat]4 ,if p]=m$ by a lady & g5tleman x nev] fails to elicit great applause4 ,! swimm]s beg9 ) float+ alongside ( ea* o!r4 ,!n "o sl[ly paddles ahead ( ! o!r ) 8 h&s until 8 toes are 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]s ( ! o!r4 ,:5 9 t position1 ! fir/ grasps ! neck ( ! o!r ) 8 toes4 ,!n ! o!r sl[ly br+s 8 or h] arms back "u wat] & cat*es hold ( ! ankles ( ! fir/4 ,aft] balanc+ = a mom5t1 ! o!r dips 8 or h] head bel[ ! surface1 at ! same "t giv+ a /rong pull at ! ankles ( ! fir/1 :i* draws ! fir/ directly ov] him4 ,! fir/ "o all[+ 8 arms to float /raight beh9d him4 ,:ile ! fir/ is sl[ly sail+ ov] ! o!r subm]g$1 ! latt] wat*es ! =m]1 & :5 ! neck ( ! fir/ is 9 l9e ) ! feet ( ! o!r1 ! latt] raises 8 feet & grasps ! neck ( ! =m]1 :o all[s 8 body to rise to ! surface4 ,! p]=mance is !n repeat$ by ! fir/ grasp+ ! ankles ( ! o!r1 & cont9u+ z be=e4 ,^! movem5ts mu/ be done sl[ly & gracefully1 ea* swimm] all[+ ! o!r "t to inflate ! lungs be=e ! next pullov] is made4 ,aft] ^! movem5ts h be5 gone ?r\gh ab\t a doz5 times1 & :5 9 position = ! f9al pull1 ! =w>d "o %\ld loos5 ! grip on ! neck & propel himself ahead to ! side ( ! o!r swimm]1 :5 bo? c b5d =w>d 9 unison1 mak+ a v neat & graceful f9ale4 ,,swimm+ ,,"u ,,wat] ,to be able to swim "u wat] is q an accompli%m5t & (t5 may be ( v valuable s]vice1 b z an a*ievem5t 9 competition or = exhibition purpose x is n to be enc\rag$ because ( ! dang] ( prolong$ imm]sion1 & ! fact t _m competitors d n "k :5 to desi/4 ,"u-wat] swimm+ %\ld be practis$ by exp]ts only1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to prolong ! imm]sion 9 ord] to rea* a def9ite po9t or to accompli% a c]ta9 di/ance be=e ris+ to ! surface4 ,x (t5 happ5s t swimm]s1 9 ord] to a*ieve a c]ta9 di/ance1 rema9 "u wat] aft] pa9s 9 ! back ( ! neck give w>n+ ( oncom+ unconsci\sness1 9 :i* case !y may lapse into a /ate ( ins5sibility1 & !re is grave dang] ( dr[n+4 ,:5 ^! conte/s take place 9 ba?s1 x is n a pleasant sight to wat* a swimm] /ruggl+ on1 aga9/ odds1 9 ! hope ( beat+ a rival = ! covet$ prize4 ,! action ( ! arms & legs become sl[] & sl[]1 until at la/1 f %e] exhau/ion1 ! body rises t[>d ! surface = a %ort di/ance & !n s9ks to ! bottom motionless4 ,"o ( ! advantages ( be+ able to swim "u wat] is ! ability x imp>ts to ! swimm] to rea* ! body ( a dr[n+ p]son1 or to br+ ! body ( a dr[n$ p]son to ! surface4 ,9 swimm+ "u wat]1 ! ord9>y brea/ /roke is ! "o us$4 ,to swim d[nw>d1 ! head is pre/ d[n t[>d ! brea/1 & :5 wi%+ to rise ! head is deflect$ backw>d4 ,if swimm+ "u wat] = a long di/ance1 ! body %\ld be kept ne> ! surface1 = ! reason t ! pressure is great] 9 ! correspond+ dep?4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to fill ! lungs be=e />t+1 & z soon z ! fir/ symptoms ( asphyxiation are noticeable1 ! swimm] %\ld rise to ! surface4 ,among ! notable feats accompli%$ "u wat] may be m5tion$ t ( ,james ,f9ney1 9 ,engl&1 9 #ahhb1 :o accompli%$ a di/ance ( #cdj feet4 ,william ,reilly1 ( ,sal=d1 an amateur1 swam #cab feet "u wat]4 ,! "t limit = "u-wat] swimm+ is ab\t a m9ute & a half4 ,at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ,london1 ,engl&1 9 #ahib1 9 a div]'s tank #ae feet deep1 ,pr(4 ,f4,e4 ,dalton pick$ up #gd plates 9 a s+le imm]sion4 ,,monte ,,cri/o ,,sack ,,trick ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ s5sational p]=mances ( ! pr(essional swimm]4 ,f a spectacul> po9t ( view x is v effective4 ,to d ?is trick "o mu/ be an adept at "u-wat] swimm+2 an assi/ant is necess>y 9 ord] to tie ! knots prop]ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,monte ,,cri/o ,,sack ,,trick ,! sack to be us$ mu/ be l>ge en\gh to all[ pl5ty ( room = ! swimm] to move ab\t4 ,at ! bottom ( ! sack place a numb] ( heavy weights4 ,a hole mu/ be cut at ! top to all[ ! rope to be pass$ ?r\gh4 ,! swimm] gets into ! sack1 tak+ firm hold ( ! loos5$ ends ( ! d\bl$ rope & t "p ( ! sack close to x4 ,! assi/ant !n takes hold ( ! ends ( ! rope & ties !m ar\nd ! sack4 ,! knots mu/ be made on ! o!r side ( ! sack f t on :i* ! ends h be5 pass$ ?r\gh4 ,aft] w>n+ ! swimm]1 s t he may inflate 8 lungs1 he is ?r[n into ! wat]4 ,! weights at ! bottom ( ! sack w cause him to s9k feet fir/4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 ! sack a few seconds ! p]=m] releases ! ends ( ! rope held by him & pu%es ! sack op5 ) 8 h&s1 :5 he is free to rise to ! surface4 ,?is appe>s to be a v dang]\s feat1 b 9 reality is a v simple "o = a good swimm]4 ,,notable ,,feats ,,by ,,celebrat$ ,,swimm]s ,consid]able int]e/ 0 ar\s$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,augu/1 #ahge1 :5 ! /atem5t 0 made t ,capta9 ,mat!w ,webb1 an ,engli%man :o _h s]v$ z second mate on sev]al %ips 9 ! ,indian & ,nor? ,atlantic trade1 int5d$ to attempt ! rem>kable feat ( swimm+ across ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,8 fir/ attempt result$ 9 failure4 ,?is took place on ,augu/ #ab1 #ahge4 ,aft] swimm+ = #f h\rs #dh m9utes & #cj seconds1 dur+ :i* p]iod he cov]$ #ac-a_/b miles1 ,webb 0 compell$ to leave ! wat] ow+ to hav+ drift$ #i-c_/d miles to ! ea/w>d ( 8 c\rse by a nor!a/ /ream & /ress ( wea!r4 ,webb />t$ f ,dov] #b h\rs #be m9utes be=e high wat] on a tide ris+ #ac feet #g in*es at t port4 ,:5 he gave up no e/imate c\ld be =m$ z to ! probable di/ance he w\ld h gone we/ on ! tide4 ,9 8 second & successful attempt1 on ,augu/ #bd ( ! same ye>1 ,webb />t$ f ,dov] #c-a_/d h\rs be=e high wat] on a #ae-;foot #aj-;in* tide1 :i* gave him "o h\r & ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! s\?we/ /ream4 ,8 po9t ( l&+ 0 #ba-a_/b miles f ,dov]1 z ! cr[ flies1 b ! actual l5g? ( ! swim 0 #ci-a_/b miles4 ,v little re/ 0 tak5 by ,webb on ! way4 ,:5 he did /op x 0 to take refre%m5t1 & !n he 0 tread+ wat]4 ,dur+ ! :ole "t he _h no rec\rse to artificial aids4 ,( ?is !re is indisputable pro(4 ,! j\rnali/s :o acompani$ him across 9 a boat 7 c>eful 9 _! obs]vations1 & 7 m5 ^: accuracy c\ld be dep5d$ on4 ,! temp]ature ( ! wat] 0 ab\t #fe degrees4 ,webb nev] compla9$ ( cold4 ,= ! fir/ #ae h\rs ! wea!r 0 f9e4 ,! sea 0 z smoo? z glass1 ! sun obscur$ dur+ ! day by a haze1 s t ! heat did n affect ,webb's head1 & 9 ! night a ?ree-qu>t]$ moon light$ him on 8 way4 ,! wor/ "t began at #c ,a4,m4 on ,augu/ #be?1 z dr[s9ess _h to be ov]come & r\gh wat] 0 ent]$4 ,at ?is h\r he 0 only "s #d-a_/b miles (f ,cape ,grisnez1 ,france1 & al?o he 0 n !n /rong en\gh to /rike out a direct c\rse a?w>t ! new nor!a/ /ream = l&1 he 0 fet*+ well 9 = ,sangette1 :]e he w\ld und\bt$ly h l&$ betwe5 #g & #h ,a4,m4 _h adv]se wea!r n set 94 ,he f9ally l&$ on ! ,calais s&s aft] hav+ be5 9 ! wat] #ba h\rs #de m9utes4 ,aft] p]=m+ ?is feat1 ,webb = "s ye>s gave exhibitions ( div+ & swimm+ at an aqu>ium 9 ,london & else:]e4 ,9 ,july1 #ahhc1 he came to ,am]ica = ! purpose ( swimm+ ! rapids & :irlpool at ,niag>a1 & 9 ?is attempt lo/ 8 life4 ,on ,septemb] #a1 #ahge1 ,miss ,agnes ,beck)1 !n only f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 swam f ,london ,bridge to ,gre5wi*1 a di/ance ( five miles4 ,beg9n+ h] j\rney at eight m9utes to five1 ,miss ,beck) cov]$ ! fir/ mile & a half 9 #ah m9utes4 ,limeh\se ,*ur*--a trifle ov] halfway--0 pass$ 9 #cc m9utes1 & ,gre5wi* ,pi] 0 rea*$ 9 #a h\r #g m9utes #de seconds4 ,on ,septemb] #d1 #ahge1 ,miss ,emily ,p>k]1 :o _h previ\sly und]tak5 to swim ! same di/ance z ,miss ,beck)1 n only equall$ b excell$ ! p]=mance ( ,miss ,beck)4 ,%e w5t on to ,blackwall1 a di/ance ( sev5 miles1 ! "t be+ #a h\r #cg m9utes4 ,on ,decemb]1 #ahii1 ,capta9 ,davis ,dalton swam = #ab h\rs cont9u\sly at ! ,lat*m]e ,public ,ba?s 9 ,london1 ,engl&4 ,on ,augu/ #ag1 #ahij1 ,capta9 ,dalton left ,folke/one = ,b\logne ) ! int5tion ( swimm+ back across ! ,*annel to ,folke/one1 a di/ance ( #bg miles4 ,dalton expre/ 8 conviction t he c\ld p]=m ! j\rney 9 #bj h\rs1 & if successful w\ld beat ! "t ( ,capta9 ,webb4 ,he ent]$ ! wat] at f\r o'clock on ,sunday aft]noon1 & accompli%$ ! j\rney1 )\t any rem>kable incid5t1 at half-pa/ ?ree ! foll[+ aft]noon4 ,9 ,july1 #ahia1 ,capta9 ,dalton swam f ,blackwall to ,graves5d 9 ! ,riv] ,?ames1 ,london1 cov]+ ! entire di/ance on 8 back4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahia1 ,capta9 ,dalton swam = #af h\rs cont9u\sly at ! ,dov] ,ba?s1 ,engl&4 ,on ,augu/ #bg1 #aijb1 aft] sev]al brilliant attempts1 ,montagu ,holbe9 swam ! ,engli% ,*annel1 b 0 compell$ to desi/ :5 only two miles f ! f9i%+ po9t1 aft] /ay+ 9 ! wat] = #bb-a_/b h\rs4 ,! foll[+ feats h be5 record$ z accompli%$ dur+ ! ye> #aiaa3 ,william ,t4 ,burgess1 ( ,york%ire1 ,engl&1 cross$ ! ,engli% ,*annel f ,s\? ,=el&1 ,dov]1 ,engl&1 to ,la ,*atelet1 two miles ea/ ( ,cape ,gris ,nez1 ,france4 ,burgess />t$ at #aa4ae ,a4,m41 ,septemb] #e1 & f9i%$ at #i4ej ,a4,m41 ,septemb] #f4 ,"t1 #bb h\rs #ce m9utes4 ,! di/ance is #dj miles4 ,burgess is said to h cov]$ ne>ly #fj miles1 ow+ to *anges 9 ! tide & curr5ts4 ,on ,june #aa? ,m>t9 ,m4 ,h>ris1 9 an attempt to swim f ,*e/]1 ,pa41 to ,m>ket ,/reet1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 a di/ance ( #af-a_/b miles1 0 =c$ to retire at ,gre5wi*1 aft] cov]+ #ac-a_/b miles 9 #d h\rs #h m9utes4 ,on ,june #be? ,*>les ,durburr[ swam f ! ,million ,doll> ,pi]1 ,atlantic ,city1 ,n4,j41 to ,ocean ,city1 ab\t #h miles1 9 ! op5 sea 9 #e h\rs #cc m9utes4 ,on ,july #bb;d ,jabez ,wolffe1 9 an attempt to cross ! ,engli% ,*annel f ,sangatte1 ,france1 _h to retire :5 )9 a mile ( ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,bay1 ,engl&1 ow+ to adv]se tides1 aft] #ae h\rs' swimm+4 ,on ,july #bc;d ,*>les ,durburr[1 9 an attempt to swim f ! ,batt]y1 ,new ,york ,city1 to ,s&y ,hook1 0 =c$ to give up1 ow+ to adv]se tides1 :5 #a-a_/d miles f ,s&y ,hook1 aft] swimm+ ab\t #bj miles 9 #f h\rs #dc m9utes4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,joseph ,o',connor swam f ,wat]t[n1 ,mass41 9 ! ,*>les ,riv]1 to ,cambridge ,bridge1 ,bo/on1 a di/ance ( ab\t #h miles1 9 #f h\rs #df m9utes4 ,on ,augu/ #f? ,samuel ,ri*>ds swam f ,*>le/[n ,bridge1 ,bo/on1 to ,bo/on ,light1 a di/ance ( ab\t #aj miles1 9 #f h\rs #ae m9utes4 ,on ,augu/ #ac? ,noah ,m>ks swam f ,*e/]1 ,pa41 9 ! ,delaw>e ,riv]1 to ,walnut ,/reet1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 a di/ance ( #af-c_/d miles1 9 #e h\rs #ai m9utes4 ,miss ,rose ,piton(f swam f ,ea/ ,tw5ty-six? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city1 to ,/eeple*ase ,p>k ,pi]1 ,coney ,isl&1 a di/ance ( ab\t #bj miles1 9 #h h\rs #ag m9utes4 ,on ,augu/ #bj? ,miss ,a4 ,akroyd swam f ,*>le/[n ,bridge1 ,bo/on1 to ,bo/on ,light%ip 9 #g h\rs #ab m9utes #eg seconds4 ,on ,augu/ #bg? ,miss ,ela9e ,gold+ swam f ! ,batt]y1 ,new ,york ,city1 to ,/eeple*ase ,p>k ,pi]1 ,coney ,isl&1 a di/ance ( ab\t #ad miles1 9 #f h\rs #a m9ute4 ,raymond ,fr$]ickson f9i%$ fir/ 9 a swim ( ! ,u4,s4 ,volunte] ,life ,sav+ ,corps f ! ,batt]y to ,coney ,isl& 9 #f h\rs #b m9utes #cj seconds4 ,on ,septemb] #c;d ,miss ,adelaide ,trapp swam f ,nor? ,bea* to ,/4 ,george1 ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,new ,york1 a di/ance ( ab\t #ad miles1 9 #e h\rs #aj m9utes4 ,william ,d4 ,mc,allister won a long-di/ance swim f ,l ,/reet ba?1 ,bo/on1 to ,spectacle ,isl& & return 9 #d h\rs #ej m9utes4 ,all ( ^! swims 7 made ) aid f tide or curr5t4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,wat] ,,polo ,,z ,a ,,pa/ime ,wat] polo has become "o ( ! mo/ popul> & fasc9at+ ( all wat] sports4 ,x c be indulg$ 9 by v good swimm]s only4 ,x af=ds abundant opportunity = ! exhibition ( skill & endurance4 ,= ! foll[+ acc\nt ( wat] polo ! au?or is indebt$ to a volume f ,spald+'s ,a?letic ,libr>y1 entitl$ ,wat] ,polo1 writt5 by ,l4 de ,b4 ,h&ley1 p]mission to use x hav+ k9dly be5 grant$ by ! publi%]s3 ,! value ( an a?letic game or conte/ is det]m9$ by f\r ?+s3 ,its physical-culture m]its2 its utility2 its attractiv5ess z a pa/ime1 & its spectacul> features4 ,wat] polo has few equals z a means ( develop+ ! body4 ,! swimm+ alone 9 x w\ld insure g5]al & symmetrical developm5t1 b ! play] wre/les besides1 dur+ a game1 & e "p ( ! body is giv5 its proportionate %>e ( ?is gruell+ "w1 develop+ all muscles 9 a uni=m way4 ,z to its utility1 x is self-evid5t4 ,swimm+ has come to be look$ ^u z a necessity1 simply because x may be ! means ( sav+ life1 & 9 ?is wat] polo is ! mo/ practical ( tea*]s4 ,a play] is coa*$ on h[ to free himself f e k9d ( a tackle1 h[ to assi/ an exhau/$ team-mate & h[ to apply ! be/ me?ods ( resuscitation :5 any "o is knock$ out4 ,!n ^! tea*+s h to be practis$ frequ5tly :ile ! team is at "w1 & "o becomes pr(ici5t ins5sibly & z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,x is a revelation to see an exp]t play] h&le a dr[n+ p]son1 & m especially a frantic "o4 ,! rescue is p]=m$ 9 su* an easy1 matt]-(-fact way z to lead "o to wond] at ! halo ( h]oism t surr\nds mo/ cases ( life-sav+4 ,h>dly a play] b has sev]al rescues to 8 cr$it1 :i* he looks ^u z a s]ies ( trifl+ s]vices r5d]$ to a fell[ mortal1 & no m4 ,z a pa/ime wat] polo is among ! lead]s4 ,h>d & exhau/+ x may be1 b !re is an exhil>ation 9 da%+ ab\t ! pool1 fight+ "o's way to goal1 t no o!r game gives4 ,& x has a feature t appeals /rongly to ! man :o has atta9$ manhood & its num]\s responsibilities--! r>ity ( accid5ts4 ,bruises & knock\ts "o gets a-pl5ty1 b ^? s]i\s injuries :i* m> football1 hockey & lacrosse are totally unkn[n4 ,,its ,,evolution ,,9 ,,am]ica ,!re is a belief t a game simil> to wat] polo 0 play$ by ! anci5ts1 b no actual pro( ( x has be5 f\nd4 ,rules 7 fir/ =mulat$ 9 ,engl& 9 #ahgj1 & we adopt$ !m 9 ,am]ica ab\t #ahij1 b our pres5t game be>s absolutely no resemblance to ! "o t 0 !n play$4 ,9 ! latt]1 po9ts 7 scor$ by ?r[+ an inflat$ rubb] ball n9e in*es 9 diamet] ?r\gh an op5 goal m>k$ by uprights & a cross-b>2 & pass+ 0 ! feature ( ! game4 ,am]icans f\nd x unsuit$4 ,! few available tanks 7 s small t !re 0 no place = action1 & ! outdoor season 0 too %ort to be satisfactory4 ,! idea 0 !n conceiv$ ( *ang+ ! goal into a solid surface1 f\r feet by "o 9 size1 & to oblige ! scor] to t\* ! ball to ! goal :ile hold+ x1 in/ead ( pass+ x4 ,! innovation met ready favor1 b1 z may be imag9$1 trans=m$ ! game4 ,f an op5 pass+ "o wat] polo became "o ( close =mations & fi]ce scrimmages4 ,^!1 at fir/1 7 disord]ly scuffles1 :]e weight & brute /r5g? reign$ supreme1 b little by little /rict rules 7 =mulat$ to elim9ate r\gh tactics1 & !n sci5ce became an important factor4 ,9 #ahig a man ent]$ ! field :o 0 de/9$ to revolutionize ! sy/em ( play4 ,h>old ,h4 ,re$]1 ( ! late ,knick]bock] ,a?letic ,a4,c41 besides be+ a good lead] & a brilliant individual play]1 knew h[ to h&le m54 ,he realiz$ t 9 a gr[+ sport new ideas w\ld mean developm5t1 & he made x possible = ! memb]s ( 8 squad to exp]im5t ) ^? !y _h4 ,! sy/em he us$ is wor? a few words ( explanation1 because x 0 acc\ntable = ! wond]ful /rides made s9ce #ahig1 & because e team w pr(it by its adoption4 ,re$]1 well aid$ by ,pr(4 ,alex4 ,meffett1 began by tea*+ e c&idate ! rudim5ts ( ! game2 vet]ans & gre5horns alike 7 put ?r\gh ! mill4 ,ea* 0 s*ool$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( swimm+1 div+1 cat*+1 pass+1 scor+1 int]f]+1 tackl+ & break+1 until ^! po9ts _h be5 ?or\ghly ma/]$1 & only !n did ! team practise beg94 ,b aga91 no play] 0 all[$ 9 unprep>$4 ,re$] in/itut$ blackbo>d practise & saw t e "o att5d$ x4 ,plac+ be=e 8 assembl$ squad ! possible =mations1 he made play]s select$ at r&om expla9 ! duties ( e position 9 ea* =mation4 ,by ?is sy/em he oblig$ e play] to use 8 bra9s1 & he f\nd out ! am\nt ( wat]-polo intellig5ce t ea* posse/4 ,he also imp>t$ to ea* ! ideas ( all ! o!rs1 he taught !m h[ to fill e position & he br\ght to light _m new plays4 ,! progress :i* ! innovation 0 responsible = no "o realiz$ until ! aggregation ( ye>l+s f ! ,knick]bock] ,a?letic ,club defeat$ ! =midable array ( *ampions repres5t+ ! ,new ,york ,a?letic ,club4 ,re$] ab&on$ ! game two ye>s lat]1 b 8 good "w liv$ aft] him1 & "s ( 8 team-mates held ! *ampion%ip = _m ye>s by foll[+ 8 tea*+s4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,game ,,is ,,n[ ,,play$ ,wat] polo z play$ to-day 9 ,am]ica is r dang]\s = outdoors1 & indoor pools are g5]ally us$4 ,x is a conte/ betwe5 two teams ( six1 hav+ z object ! t\*+ ( ! oppon5t's goalbo>d ) an inflat$ rubb] ball sev5 in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* ! ref]ee ?r[s into ! wat] at />t ( play4 ,9 ord] to score1 ! ball has to be t\*$ to ! goal :ile 9 ! h& ( a play]2 x c n be ?r[n4 ,! goals are spaces f\r by "o foot1 situat$ at ea* %ort end ( ! play+ area1 eighte5 in*es above ! wat] level4 ,! size ( ! play+ area is optional1 ?o ! recogniz$ dim5sions are #fj x #dj feet or #be x #ge feet1 ) a uni=m dep? ( sev5 feet ( wat]4 ,imag9>y l9es are drawn across ! tank 7see ,fig4 ,t71 p>allel to ! %ort ends1 at f\r & fifte5 feet f !m4 ,! fir/1 call$ f\r-foot l9e1 s]ves z protection to ! goal-t5d]s & c n be cross$ until ! ball is )92 ! o!r is ! f\l l9e1 & s]ves to m>k ! spot on :i* ! =w>ds l9e up on be+ giv5 a free trial4 ,! f\r-foot l9e also m>ks ! goal section1 a space #d x #h feet1 9 :i* indiscrim9ate tackl+ is all[$ :5 ! ball is )94 ,ea* team ( six is divid$ into a =w>d l9e 7c5t]1 "r =w>d & left =w>d7 ^: duty x is to attack ! oppon5t's goal2 & a backfield ( ?ree 7half-back1 "r goal-t5d] & left goal-t5d]71 ^u :om devolves ! def5se ( ! home goal4 ,at ! />t ( play ! two teams l9e up _! respective ends1 ! ref]ee places ! ball 9 ! middle ( ! play+ area & !n bl[s a :i/le4 ,at ?is signal ! twelve play]s dive 91 ! =w>ds to make a da% = ! ball1 ! backs to take up _! positions4 ,! =w>d :o fir/ rea*es ! ball tosses x back to ! def5se m51 :o hold x until ! l9e ( attack is =m$ & !n pass x back4 ,imm$iately a fi]ce scrimmage takes place & ei!r a score is made or ! ball *anges side & a scrimmage occurs at ! o!r end4 ,aft] ! score ! teams l9e up z at />t ( play4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,spauld+'s ,a?letic ,libr>y4 ,,wat] ,,polo ,"t ( play is sixte5 m9utes1 actual1 divid$ into two halves ( eight m9utes ea*1 ) an int]mission ( five m9utes betwe5 halves4 ,only two sub/itutes are all[$1 & !y c only be us$ to replace an injur$ or exhau/$ play]4 ,,prep>atory ,,"w ,no man %\ld attempt to play wat] polo :o is n 9 ! be/ possible physical condition4 ,be=e jo9+ ! squad1 e c&idate1 be he a novice com+ to le>n ! game1 or a vet]an resum+ tra9+1 %\ld prep>e himself = ! h>d "w 9 sight4 ,i don't mean t he %\ld be d[n to edge1 b 9 good ruddy heal?4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a man is f> bett] (f if he c />t ! season ) eight or t5 p\nds ( extra avoirdupois2 & f\r or five p\nds above p9k ( condition may be c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! season ) good results4 ,!y w prev5t "o's gett+ cold :ile 9 ! wat] & keep "o f go+ /ale1 a v easy matt] 9 wat] polo4 ,prelim9>y ex]cise %\ld be tak5 daily = a week or two 9 anticipation ( />t+ practise4 ,long swims are advisable at ?is e>ly date1 b %\ld be ab&on$ :ile prep>+ = a conte/1 z "o spr9ts only 9 a game4 ,! be/ sy/em to foll[ is a v simple "o4 ,a few m9utes 9 ! /eam-room 7n m ?an five7 or "s cali/h5ics to w>m up ! blood1 !n a fa/ hundr$4 ,?is done1 re/ until y h rega9$ y\r brea?4 ,tak+ ! wat]-polo ball next1 pass x to giv5 po9ts ( ! tank to secure accuracy1 & spr9t aft] x ea* "t4 ,!n get aga9/ ! side ( ! tank1 & plac+ ! ball t5 or twelve feet away1 try to secure x ) "o h& on a pu%-(f4 ,?is1 done half a doz5 times daily1 w insure accurate pass+1 cat*+ & obviate fumbl+4 ,ano!r excell5t ex]cise is to place ! ball fifte5 or tw5ty feet f y & !n swim aft] x "u wat]1 try+ to get x )\t com+ to ! surface4 ,?is has ! d\ble object ( gett+ y us$ to "u-wat] "w & accu/oms y to look+ = ! ball :ile subm]g$ 9 a scrimmage4 ,gymnasium "w is n advisable unless "o's physical condition is badly 9 ne$ ( build+ up1 & ev5 !n only ! lighte/ k9d %\ld be tak54 ,x has too great a t5d5cy to h>d5 ! muscles2 a swimm]'s %\ld be s(t & pliable4 ,brea?+ ex]cises c be highly recomm5d$2 !re is no?+ bett] = ! w9d4 ,a good sy/em is to take x :ile walk+ 9 ! op5 air4 ,by inhal+ = ! space ( six /eps1 & exhal+ = six1 ! lungs are prop]ly work$4 ,9 cold wea!r brea! ?r\gh ! nose4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,develop ,,! ,,new ,,play] ,! game ( wat] polo is su* a /r5u\s "o t ev5 ! be/ ( m5 (t5 tackle x ) misgiv+s4 ,! new play] %\ld on no acc\nt attempt to take "p 9 a scrub game until he has ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! rudim5ts4 ,! man :o goes 9 aga9/ an exp]i5c$ tackl]1 ignorant ( ! means ( protect+ himself1 receives puni%m5t s sev]e z to give him a completely errone\s idea ( ! game4 ,if ! c&idate has foll[$ ! sugge/ions giv5 above he w be physically able to /& ! gruell+1 b m is ne$$2 he %\ld be able to take c>e ( himself4 ,to tea* him h[1 he mu/ be tak5 9 h& alone1 & %[n ! v>i\s tackles & breaks4 ,?is is be/ done on t]ra firma2 9 ! wat] ! man w be ?9k+ ( ! duck+ 9 sight & 8 m9d w n be 9 receptive mood4 ,x is also ess5tial to make him und]/& a hold ?or\ghly be=e proce$+ ) ano!r4 ,once a man has ! movem5ts le>n$1 he c be put 9 ! wat] ) a skill$ play] & all[$ to practise on ! latt]1 :o %\ld let him secure ! holds )\t opposition at fir/1 b gradually increase ! resi/ance until he becomes pr(ici5t4 ,if !re is no "o to coa* & no good play] to practise aga9/1 ! new m5 %\ld "w on ea* o!r4 ,wat]-polo holds are a good deal a matt] ( individuality2 ea* man builds up a set ( 8 own1 b "o tackle & "o break w s]ve z a f\ndation = all4 ,to le>n ! tackle1 give y\r c[ork] ! ball & let him come t[>d y4 ,:5 he's a c\ple ( feet (f1 take a good1 h>d /roke1 lift y\rself z high out ( ! wat] z y c ?r[ y\r arm ar\nd 8 neck1 & pull+ 8 head d[n until x is jamm$ h>d aga9/ y\r *e/1 w9d y\r legs ar\nd 8 body4 ,!n y h him at y\r m]cy1 & y c proce$ to take ! ball away f him4 ,?is tackle %\ld be le>n$ by =w>ds & backs alike2 all ne$ x4 ,! be/ break kn[n is ! foll[+3 ,we w suppose t y c>ry ! ball 9 ! "r h&4 ,on approa*+ y\r oppon5t ?r[ y\r left %\ld] =w>d1 pres5t+ a ?ree-qu>t] view4 ,to tackle y effectively he mu/ use 8 "r arm1 z y c\ld easily repel a left-h&$ "o 9 y\r position4 ,z soon z 8 "r arm goes up1 place y\r left h& squ>ely "u 8 armpit & let y\rself s9k1 twi/+ ar\nd1 face t[>d him1 z y pass "u1 & z soon z y are on y\r back =ce 8 body ov] y4 ,!n plant bo? feet on him & %ove (f4 ,9 mo/ cases1 if y succe$1 y w f9d y\rself betwe5 y\r oppon5t & 8 goal1 :]e all y h to d is to t\* ! bo>d = a score4 ,to use ! legs at e possible *ance %\ld be a pr9ciple ( ! play]4 ,once an oppon5t is caught 9 a good leg-hold he is r5d]$ helpless4 ,incid5tally1 ! wise play] ceases /ruggl+ :5 he recognizes t he is caught beyond free+4 ,x is an excell5t rule also to avoid be+ tackl$ uselessly2 if a body enc\nt] is liable to let y out be/1 or w help y\r side1 g into x he>t & s\l1 j z h>d z y "k h[1 b nev] make a s5seless sacrifice4 ,pass+ & cat*+ are all important factors 9 wat] polo & %\ld be practis$ con/antly4 ,9 pass+ x is well to be> 9 m9d t ! object 9 view is to give ! ball securely to "o's team-mate4 ,pass high & c>efully2 a l[ ?r[ may be int]cept$ & a h>d "o fumbl$4 ,specially 9 close qu>t]s high pass+ is ess5tial4 ,to cov] "o's oppon5t :5 ! o!r side has ! ball & get away f him :5 "o's own has x1 %\ld be ! religion ( e play]4 ,9 cov]+ him1 always /ay back ( him1 :]e y c wat* him1 & tackle him j 9 ! nick ( "t if ! ball is pass$ to him4 ,_m new m5 h an idea t "o kn[s intuitively h[ to score1 b x is n s4 ,! v>i\s ways mu/ be le>n$4 ,"o only does 9 a game :at "o has become us$ to 9 practise1 = !re is little "t or *ance to ?9k 9 ! excitem5t ( a ke5 conte/1 & x is ^? ?+s :i* h be5 gr\nd into "o by d9t ( repetition t /& by "o4 ,to get us$ to scor+1 place y\rself ?ree or f\r y>ds f goal & !n s9k y\rself1 or let "s "o else put y "u1 & try to come up & hit ! bo>d ) eyes clos$2 y w soon f9d :at a diff]5ce practise makes4 ,y mu/ also le>n h[ to hurdle by lett+ "s "o tread wat] betwe5 y & goal & score by plac+ y\r free h& on 8 %\ld] & lift+ y\rself ov]4 ,a %ort c\rse ( ! above1 & y w be ready to l9e up4 ,a ,,few ,,po9ts ,on ent]+ ! tank = an important game1 e play] %\ld =get 8 individuality & submit passively to ! ord]s ( ! capta94 ,!re mu/ be only "o head = a team to succe$1 & an ord] %\ld be execut$ )\t hesitation & )\t que/ion+2 "r or wrong1 ! be/ results come ?r\gh bl9d ob$i5ce4 ,! man giv+ ! ord]s (t5 sees an op5+ t ! o!r does n4 ,let no p]sonal diff]5ce affect y\r game2 play to w91 n to pay (f an old score4 ,x is ! goals made1 n ! m5 disabl$1 t give "o victory1 & victory is :at e play] %\ld seek4 ,to ! =w>d1 discrim9ation is a valuable asset4 ,:5 caught 9 a tackle s f> away f goal t gett+ free w n help y pass ! ball at once1 don't all[ y\r oppon5t to puni% y4 ,b if y are nail$ )9 easy rea* ( goal1 fight z long z !re is brea? ( life 9 y4 ,nev] m9d h[ helpless ! task may seem1 a team-mate may come to ! rescue at any mom5t1 & !n y'll score4 ,! =w>d %\ld always play ! ball 9 pref]5ce to ! man & keep free z mu* z possible4 ,& above all--play fa/ & h>d4 ,,am]ican ,,rules #a4 ,! ball %all be ! regulation :ite rubb] association football n less ?an #g nor m ?an #h in*es 9 diamet]4 #b4 ,! goals %all be spaces #d feet long & #ab in*es wide m>k$ ,goal 9 l>ge lett]s4 ,"o %all be plac$ at ei!r end ( ! tank1 #ah in*es above ! wat]-l9e equally di/ant f ei!r side4 #c4 ,to score a goal ! goal mu/ be t\*$ by ! ball 9 ! h& ( an oppos+ play] & ! greate/ numb] ( goals %all c\nt game4 #d4 ,! ball %all be kept on or z ne> ! surface ( ! wat] z possible1 & %all nev] int5tionally be c>ri$ "u wat]4 ,no goal %all be all[$ :5 scor$ by an "u-wat] pass4 #e4 ,! conte/+ teams %all consi/ ( six a side1 ) two res]ve m5 :o c be sub/itut$ at any "t :5 ! ball is n 9 play4 ,a play] )drawn c n return to play4 ,only six prizes %all be giv5 to ! w9n+ team4 #f4 ,"t ( play %all be #af m9utes actual "t1 divid$ 9 two halves ( #h m9utes ea* & #e m9utes re/ betwe5 halves4 ,"t occupi$ by disputes1 free trials = goal1 repair+ suits1 & l9+ up aft] a goal has be5 scor$ %all n be reckon$ z "t ( play4 #g4 ,! capta9s %all be play+ memb]s ( teams !y repres5t & %all toss = *oice ( ends ( tank4 ,! ends %all be *ang$ at half "t4 #h4 ,! ref]ee %all ?r[ ! ball 9 ! c5t] ( ! tank & ! />t = ! ball be made only at ! s\nd ( ! :i/le4 #i4 ,a ball go+ out ( ! tank %all be return$ to ! place f :i* x 0 ?r[n & giv5 to ! oppos+ team4 #aj4 ,a m>k %all be made f\r feet f ea* goal on ! side ( ! tank & an imag9>y l9e betwe5 ^! m>ks %all be call$ ! f\r-foot l9e4 ,no man w be all[$ )9 ?is l9e until ! ball is )9 x4 ,! goal-t5d]s1 limit$ to two1 ( ! def5d+ side are alone exempt f ?is rule4 ,:5 ! ball is )9 ! goal-l9e ! goal-t5d]s %all n be all[$ any artificial support o!r ?an ! bottom ( ! tank4 #aa4 ,no play] is all[$ to int]f]e ) an oppon5t unless su* an oppon5t is )9 f\r feet ( ! ball1 except :5 ! ball is )9 ! goal section1 :5 indiscrim9ate tackl+ w be all[$ 9 ! goal section1 ! goal section to be a space ( f\r feet by eight feet )9 ! goal-l9e & betwe5 two p>allel l9es drawn at "r angles to ! goal-l9e & di/ant two feet f ei!r end ( ! goal4 #ab4 ,^u a goal be+ ga9$1 ! opposite teams %all g to _! own end ( ! tank1 & ! ball %all be ?r[n by ! ref]ee into ! c5t] & play />t$ z at beg9n+ ( game4 #ac4 ,ea* team %all h two judges1 "o at ea* goal-l9e1 :o1 ^u a goal be+ made1 %all notify ! ref]ee & ann\nce ! same4 ,only 9 case ! judges disagree %all ! ref]ee h p[] to decide :e!r a goal be fairly made or n4 #ad4 ,! ref]ee %all decide all f\ls1 & if 9 8 op9ion a play] commits a f\l he %all caution ! team = ! fir/ (f5se & give ! oppon5ts a free trial = goal at ea* succe$+ f\l4 ,a free trial = goal w be giv5 by l9+ up ?ree backs ( ! def5d+ team )9 ! #d-;foot l9e & giv+ ?ree =w>ds ( ! oppos+ team ! ball on ! #ae-;foot l9e1 :5 !y may try = a goal until a goal is scor$ or ! ball goes outside ! #ae-;foot l9e4 ,only ?ree m5 f ea* side w be all[$ )9 ! #ae-;foot l9e1 until ! ball goes outside t l9e or a goal is scor$4 ,,f\ls4--,x %all be f\l to tackle an oppon5t if ! ball is n )9 f\r feet ( him or to hold him by any "p ( 8 co/ume4 ,x %all be a f\l to cross ! #d-;foot l9e ahead ( ! ball1 unless =c$ ov] by an oppon5t1 or to hang on to ! sides ( ! tank except = ! purpose ( re/+4 ,unnecess>y r\gh "w may1 )9 ! discrim9ation ( ! ref]ee1 ei!r be c\nt$ a f\l or ! ref]ee may put ! (f5d] out ( ! tank until a goal is scor$ or ! half ends4 ------ ,,goal ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,goal ,,section ---------------------------------------- -------- #d ,,ft4 ,,l9e ---------------------------------------- -------- #ae ,,ft4 ,,l9e ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,c5t] ,,l9e ---------------------------------------- -------- #ae ,,ft4 ,,l9e #d ,,ft4 ,,l9e ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,goal ,,section ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,goal ------ ,,"p ,v ,,cramps1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,save ,,life1 ,,resuscitation1 ,,etc4 ,,cramps ,to be sudd5ly seiz$ ) cramps is a ?+ liable to happ5 to mo/ exp]t swimm]s2 x is caus$ by v>i\s reasons--/ay+ too long 9 ! wat] & gett+ *ill$1 go+ 9 aft] a heavy meal1 /iff5+ ! legs too mu*1 & v>icose ve9s4 ,prev5tive3 ,nev] rema9 9 ! wat] aft] feel+ *ill$2 always swim ar\nd & ex]cise y\rself2 tw5ty m9utes is long en\gh = any "o to rema9 9 ! wat]2 always turn ov] on ! back :5 gett+ a cramp1 & float1 at ! same "t work+ t[>d ! %ore ) ! h&s1 & don't lose y\r pres5ce ( m9d4 ,don't attempt to rescue a p]son f dr[n+ unless y are a good swimm] y\rself2 rememb] t a dr[n+ p]son is g5]ally insane = ! "t1 & is liable to drag y to y\r dea? unless y are capable ( swimm+ ) a heavy load4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,save ,,life ,to ! p]son :o accid5tally falls ov]bo>d1 or :o is compell$ to leap into deep wat]1 z 0 ! case ) _m victims ( ! ,g5]al ,slocum1 ! fir/ ess5tial is to keep "o's pres5ce ( m9d4 ,d n feel al>m$ if y\r head %\ld s9k bel[ ! surface once or twice--y are b\nd to come to ! surface1 & w be able to su/a9 y\rself = a consid]able "t1 ev5 if y are n a swimm]1 if y w b keep y\r h&s "u wat]4 ,! reason s _m p dr[n is because directly !y come to ! surface !y raise _! h&s above _! head & %\t = help4 ,?is is fatal4 ,! mom5t ! h&s are rais$ out ( ! wat] ! body w s9k bel[ ! surface4 ,ano!r ?+ to rememb] is to keep ! m\? clos$ until ! body atta9s ! float+ position2 !n try & brea! naturally ?r\gh ! m\? & help propel y\rself ) y\r h&s4 ,%\ld y be able to swim1 try & take (f y\r out] clo?+1 z ! latt]1 :5 wat]-soak$1 t5ds to drag ! body d[n1 besides ret>d+ ! movem5ts ( ! dr[n+ p]son4 ,to risk "o's life 9 ord] to save a fell[ be+ f dr[n+ is "o ( ! mo/ h]oic acts t "o may be call$ ^u to p]=m1 yet h[ _m ( u h ! pres5ce ( m9d & c\rage to act 9 su* an em]g5cy8 ,to rescue a p]son f dr[n+ is no *ild's play1 ev5 = ! be/ swimm]s2 x requires pluck1 n]ve & /am9a4 ,( c\rse1 ,i allude to rescues :i* take place "s di/ance f %ore4 ,_m a d>+ swimm] has be5 clut*$ & dragg$ d[n to dea? simply because he did n "k ! safe/ way to approa* a dr[n+ p]son4 ,( ! _m diff]5t ways ( sav+ life1 ! safe/ & be/ me?od is to swim z ne> ! p]son z possible1 !n dive "u & come up beh9d him2 o!rwise he is liable to grab y ar\nd ! neck ) a dea? clut*1 f :i* x is extremely difficult to escape4 ,:5 swimm+ up beh9d ! p]son1 grab 8 biceps & =ce him on 8 back2 ! m he /ruggles ! m he helps himself to keep afloat4 ,to prev5t be+ clut*$ by a dr[n+ p]son ! foll[+ rules %\ld be c>efully /udi$4 ,e action1 h[ev]1 mu/ be prompt & decisive1 o!rwise ?is me?od w be ( no avail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,be/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,sav+ ,,life #a4 ,if grasp$ by ! wri/s1 turn bo? arms simultane\sly aga9/ ! dr[n+ p]son1 ?umbs outw>d1 & attempt to br+ y\r "r arms at "r angles to y\r own body4 ,?is w dislocate ! ?umbs ( ! dr[n+ p]son & he mu/ let g 8 hold4 #b4 ,if clut*$ ar\nd ! neck1 imm$iately take a deep brea?1 lean well ov] y\r oppon5t1 place ! left h& 9 ! small "p ( 8 back & draw y\r "r arm 9 an upw>d direction until 9 l9e ) 8 %\ld]1 & pass x at once ov] 8 arm4 ,!n ) ! ?umb & =ef+] cat* 8 nose & p9* ! no/rils close1 at ! same "t place ! palm ( y\r h& on 8 *9 & pu% firmly outw>d4 ,?is w cause him to op5 8 m\? = brea?+ purposes1 & he1 be+ "u y1 w swall[ wat]4 ,*ok+ ensues1 & n only is ! rescu] let g1 b ! o!r is left s helpless z to be completely "u control4 #c4 ,if clut*$ ar\nd ! body & arms1 take a deep brea?1 lean well ov] y\r oppon5t & ?r[ ! "r arm 9 an upw>d direction at "r angles to ! body1 or draw x up betwe5 y\r body & t ( y\r oppon5t4 ,!n ) ! ?umb & =ef+] cat* ! nose & p9* ! no/rils close1 & at ! same "t place ! palm ( ! h& on ! *9 & br+ ! "r knee z high z possible up betwe5 ! two bodies1 plac+ x1 if possible1 aga9/ ! l[] "p ( y\r oppon5t's *e/2 !n1 by means ( a /rong & some:at sudd5 pu%1 /ret* y\r arms & legs out /raight1 at ! same "t ?r[+ ! :ole weight ( ! body backw>d4 ,! sudd5 motion w press ! air out ( ! o!r's lungs1 z well z pu% him (f1 no matt] h[ tightly he may be hold+4 ,%\ld ! dr[n+ p]son act s5sibly & n try to grab 8 rescu]1 he c be br\ght 9 by plac+ 8 h&s on 8 rescu]'s %\ld]s & kick+ out 8 legs beh9d him :ile ! rescu] swims 9 t[>d %ore4 ,ano!r me?od is to pull ! p]son on 8 back by hold+ him "u ! "r arm-pit ) y\r "r h& & us+ ! left h& & legs to swim )4 ,%\ld ! rescue be close to %ore1 swim beh9d ! p]son & help by pu%+ him 9 t[>d %all[ wat]4 ,%\ld ! dr[n+ p]son h sunk = ! ?ird "t wat* :5 ! air-bubbles rise to ! surface4 ,at once dive d[n p]p5dicul> to ! bottom :5 ! air-bubbles %[1 seize ! dr[n+ p]son & br+ him to ! surface by pu%+ (f f ! bottom & us+ y\r legs to s5d y upw>d to ! surface4 ,be=e try+ to rescue any "o get rid ( z mu* clo?+ z possible1 if "t w p]mit4 ,,resuscitation ,,aft] ,,rescue ,aft] br++ a dr[n+ p]son a%ore y\r "w is only half done2 ! ma9 ?+ is to br+ him back to life %\ld he be unconsci\s4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods = resuscitat+ ! app>5tly dr[n$4 ,! me?od adopt$ by ! ,royal ,humane ,society ( ,engl& is1 to my k1 ! simple/ ( all4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,beg9 treatm5t 9 ! op5 air z soon z y h br\ght ! un=tunate a%ore4 ,mean:ile s5d = m$ical assi/ance1 blankets & dry clo?+4 ,expose ! pati5t's ?roat & *e/ to ! w9d1 except 9 v sev]e wea!r4 ,remove all tight clo?+ f neck & *e/4 ,take (f susp5d]s4 ,! po9ts to be aim$ at are3 ,fir/ & imm$iately ! re/oration ( brea?+1 &1 secondly1 aft] brea?+ is re/or$1 ! promotion ( w>m? & circulation4 ,! ef=ts to re/ore brea?+ mu/ be comm5c$ imm$iately & en]getically1 & p]sev]$ 9 = "o or two h\rs1 or until a m$ical man has pron\nc$ t life is ext9ct4 ,ef=ts to promote w>m? & circulation beyond remov+ ! wet clo!s & dry+ ! sk9 mu/ n be made until ! fir/ appe>ance ( natural brea?+1 = if circulation ( ! blood be induc$ be=e brea?+ has recomm5c$ ! re/oration ( life w be endang]$4 ,,hall',s ,,me?od ,,9 ,,resuscitation ,to cle> ! ?roat1 place ! pati5t on ! floor or ! gr\nd ) ! face d[nw>d & "o ( ! arms "u ! =ehead1 9 :i* position all fluids w m readily escape by ! m\?1 & ! tongue itself w fall =w>d1 leav+ ! entrance into ! w9dpipe free4 ,assi/ ?is op]ation by wip+ & cleans+ ! m\?4 ,if satisfactory brea?+ beg9s1 use ! treatm5t describ$ bel[ to promote w>m?4 ,if !re be only slight brea?+1 or no brea?+1 or if ! brea?+ fail1 !n1 to excite brea?+1 turn ! pati5t well & in/antly on ! side1 support+ ! head1 & excite ! no/rils ) snuff1 h>t%orn1 & smell+-salts1 or tickle ! ?roat ) a fea!r1 etc41 if !y are at h&4 ,rub ! *e/ & face w>m1 & da% cold wat]1 or cold & hot wat] alt]nately1 on !m4 ,if !re be no success1 lose n a mom5t1 b in/antly1 to imitate brea?+1 replace ! pati5t on ! face1 rais+ & support+ ! *e/ well on a fold$ coat or o!r article ( dress4 ,turn ! pati5t v g5tly on ! side & a little beyond1 & !n briskly on ! face1 back aga92 repeat+ ^! measures cauti\sly1 effici5tly & p]sev]+ly ab\t fifte5 times 9 ! m9ute1 or once e f\r or five seconds1 occasionally v>y+ ! side4 7,by plac+ ! pati5t on ! *e/1 ! weight ( ! body =ces ! air out2 :5 turn$ on ! side ?is pressure is remov$1 & air ent]s ! *e/47 ,on ea* occasion t ! body is replac$ on ! face make uni=m b effici5t pressure1 ) brisk movem5t1 on ! back betwe5 & bel[ ! %\ld]-blades or bones on ea* side1 remov+ ! pressure imm$iately be=e turn+ ! body on ! side4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! op]ations let "o p]son att5d solely to ! movem5ts ( ! head1 & ( ! arm plac$ "u x4 ,! result is respiration1 or natural brea?+1 &1 if n too late1 life4 ,:ile ! above op]ations are be+ proce$$ )1 dry ! h&s & feet1 & z soon z dry clo?+ or blankets c be procur$1 /rip ! body & cov]1 or gradually reclo! x1 b take c>e n to int]f]e ) ! ef=ts to re/ore brea?+4 ,,sylve/]',s ,,me?od ,rule #a4 ,to ,adju/ ! ,pati5t's ,position4--,place ! pati5t on 8 back on a flat surface1 incl9$ a little f ! feet upw>d2 raise & support ! head & %\ld]s on a small1 firm cu%ion or fold$ article ( dress1 plac$ "u ! %\ld]-blades4 ,remove all tight clo?+ f ab\t ! neck & *e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sylve/]',s ,,me?od--,,figure #a ,rule #b4 ,to ,ma9ta9 a ,free ,entrance ( ,air ,into ! ,w9dpipe4--,cleanse ! m\? & no/rils2 op5 ! m\?2 draw =w>d ! pati5t's tongue1 & keep x =w>d2 an ela/ic b& ov] ! tongue & "u ! *9 w answ] ?is purpose4 7,fig4 #a47 ,rule #c4 ,to ,imitate ! ,movem5ts ( ,brea?+4--,fir/1 ,induce inspiration4 ,place y\rself at ! head ( ! pati5t1 grasp 8 arms 7at ! elb[-jo9ts71 raise !m upw>d by ! sides ( 8 head1 /ret* !m /eadily b g5tly upw>d1 = two seconds4 ,by ?is means fre% air is drawn into ! lungs by rais+ ! ribs4 7,fig4 #b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,sylve/]',s ,,me?od--,,figure #b ,secondly1 ,induce ,expiration4--,imm$iately turn d[n ! pati5t's arms1 & press ! elb[s firmly b g5tly d[nw>d aga9/ ! sides ( ! *e/1 = two seconds4 ,by ?is means f\l air is expell$ f ! lungs by depress+ ! ribs4 7,fig4 #c47 ,?irdly1 ,cont9ue ,^! ,movem5ts4--,repeat ^! measures alt]nately1 delib]ately1 & p]sev]+ly fifte5 times a m9ute1 until a spontane\s ef=t to respire be p]ceiv$4 ,by ^! means an ex*ange ( air is produc$ 9 ! lungs simil> to t effect$ by natural respiration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sylve/]',s ,,me?od--,,figure #c ,:5 a spontane\s ef=t to respire is p]ceiv$1 cease to imitate ! movem5ts ( brea?+1 & proce$ to induce circulation & w>m?1 z describ$ on foll[+ page4 ,rule #d4 ,to ,excite ,respiration4--,dur+ ! employm5t ( ! above me?od1 excite ! no/rils ) snuff or smell+-salts1 or tickle ! ?roat ) a fea!r4 ,rub ! *e/ & face briskly1 & da% cold & hot wat] alt]nately on !m4 ,friction ( ! limbs & body ) dry flannel or clo?s %\ld be _h rec\rse to4 ,:5 !re is pro( ( return+ respiration1 ! individual may be plac$ 9 a w>m ba?1 ! movem5ts ( ! arms above describ$ be+ cont9u$ until respiration is fully re/or$4 ,raise ! body 9 tw5ty seconds to a sitt+ position1 da% cold wat] aga9/ ! *e/ & face1 & pass ammonia "u ! nose4 ,%\ld a galvanic app>atus be at h&1 apply ! sponges to ! region ( ! diaphragm & ! he>t4 ,to ,induce ,circulation & ,w>m?4--,wrap ! pati5t 9 dry blankets1 & rub ! limbs upw>d en]getically4 ,promote ! w>m? ( ! body ) hot flannels1 bottles or bladd]s ( hot wat]2 heat$ bricks to ! pit ( ! /oma*1 ! arm-pits1 & to ! soles ( ! feet4 ,on ! re/oration ( life1 :5 ! p[] ( swall[+ has return$1 a teaspoonful ( w>m wat]1 small quantities ( w9e1 w>m br&y & wat]1 or c(fee %\ld be giv54 ,! pati5t %\ld be kept 9 b$1 & a disposition to sleep enc\rag$4 ,dur+ reaction1 l>ge mu/>d-pla/]s to ! *e/ & bel[ ! %\ld]s w greatly relieve ! di/re/ brea?+4 ,,note4--,9 all cases ( prolong$ imm]sion 9 cold wat]1 :5 ! brea?+ cont9ues1 a w>m ba? %\ld be employ$ to re/ore ! temp]ature4 ,illu/ration