by ,the ,university of ,michigan ,making of ,america collection7 ,,ordnance ,,instructions ,,for ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,navy4 #ahff4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcriber's ,note3 ,there are some very wide tables in this work1 either on one page or across two pages4 ,these have been broken apart to fit within a #ge character width2 they can all be put back together1 with some minor adjustments for those sections that have information across multiple columns4 ,inconsistent spelling is maintained in this document4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,ordnance ,,instructions ,,for ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,navy4 ,,part ,i4 ,,relating ,,to ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,vessels ,,of ,,war ,,for ,,battle1 ,,and ,,to ,,the ,,duties ,,of ,,officers ,,and ,,others ,,when ,,at ,,quarters4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,the ,,equipment ,,and ,,manoeuvre ,,of ,,boats ,,and ,,exercise ,,of ,,boat ,,howitzers4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,ordnance ,,and ,,ordnance ,,stores4 ,,fourth ,,edition4--,,published ,,by ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,navy ,,department4 ,,washington3 ,,government ,,printing ,,office1 #ahff4 ,officers are requested to communicate to the ,bureau of ,ordnance any suggestions relative to future additions or corrections1 with the reasons for any proposed changes1 quoting part1 page1 and paragraph by its number4 ,,contents4 ,a full index will be found at the end of the book4 ,,part ,,page ,captain #a #c-f ,executive ,officer #a #f1 #g ,officers in charge of divisions #a #h1 #i ,master #a #i ,chief ,engineer #a #i ,gunner #a #i-ab ,carpenter #a #ab ,yeoman #a #ac ,general distribution of officers and men at quarters #a #ad-bj ,distribution and arms of men at the guns #a #ba-be ,duties at quarters in battle or exercise #a #bf-dj ,equipments and ,implements #a #cc-ce ,broadside guns1 stations and gun-numbers #a #ce ,calls for assembling at quarters #a #cf1 #cg ,preparations for exercise at general quarters #a #ch-dj ,arrangements for delivering and distributing powder #a #da-de ,naval gun-carriages #a #de ,exercise of broadside-guns #a #df-fj ,exercise of pivot-guns #a #fa-gc ,notes upon the manual exercise #a #gd-hh ,the use of fuzes #a #hi-ia ,boarders #a #ib1 #ic ,general precautions to be observed in time of war #a #id-if ,directions in case of fire #a #ig-ajj ,rifled ,cannon #a #aja-ajg ,monitors #a #ajh-aab ,mortars #a #aac-abg ,miscellaneous ,operations #a #abh-aca ,equipment of boats #b #c-i ,fixtures in boats for boat-guns #b #f-i ,exercise and ,manoeuvre for boat-howitzers #b #aj-ah ,exercise with howitzer on field-carriage #b #ai1 #bj ,remarks on the use of ,naval ,light ,artillery #b #ba1 #bb ,notes on the use of boat-howitzers #b #bb-bd ,manoeuvres of boats armed for service #b #bd ,landing seamen1 marines1 and howitzers #b #be-bg ,ordnance and ,ordnance ,stores #c #c-hj ,inspection and ,proof of ,naval guns #c #h-ag ,use of the ,inspecting ,instruments #c #ah-ba ,powder-,proof #c #bb ,water-,proof #c #bc ,marking guns #c #bc ,extreme proof of trial guns #c #bd-bf ,preparation of guns for service #c #bg-bi ,preservation of guns #c #cj-cb ,examination of guns #c #cc-ce ,inspection of shot and shells #c #cf-ch ,shot and shell gauges #c #ci1 #dj ,piling of balls #c #da1 #db ,preservation of shot and empty shells #c #dc ,preparation of shell for service #c #dd-dg ,gunpowder #c #dh-ee ,preservation and storage of powder #c #dh-ec ,service-charges for naval guns #c #ec1 #ed ,boxes for small-arm ammunition #c #ee1 #ef ,cannon and ,friction primers #c #ef1 #eg ,cartridge-bags #c #eg-ei ,magazines and shell rooms #c #fj-fd ,gun-carriages #c #fe1 #ff ,gun-gear #c #ff1 #fg ,griolet #c #fh ,directions for cleaning arms #c #hj-hb ,paints and ,lacquers #c #hc-hi ,,appendix4 ,directions as to using the allowance tables of crews ,a iii-v ,table ,i4 ,showing the number of hands for various kinds of guns ,a vi ,table ,,ii4 ,allowance of ,petty ,officers for various kinds of vessels ,a vii1 viii ,table ,,iii4 ,allowance of ,officers1 when ,a ix ,table ,,iv4 ,allowance of ,marines1 when ,a x ,graduation of sights and ranges1 of #cb pds43 of #bg or #cc cwt43 ,no4 #a ,b xi ,graduation of sights and ranges1 #cb pds43 of #db or #eg cwt43 ,no4 #b ,b xii ,graduation of sights and ranges1 #h in43 of #ee or #fc cwt43 ,no4 #c ,b xiii ,graduation of sights and ranges1 #i and #aa in4 shell guns1 ,no4 #d ,b xiv ,approximate ranges of ,shell guns ,no4 #e ,b xv ,approximate ranges of ,shot guns and howitzers ,no4 #f ,b xvi ,approximate ranges of ,rifle guns ,no4 #g ,b xvii ,table for finding the distance of an object at sea ,no4 #h ,b xviii ,form of ,report of ,target ,practice with great guns ,no4 #i4 ,b xx1 xxi ,form of ,report of ,target ,practice with small arms ,no4 #i4 ,b xxii ,directions as to preparing ,reports of ,target ,practice ,no4 #aj ,b xxiii ,form of ,reports of ,inspection ,no4 #a ,c xxiv-xxvi ,questions to be embraced in ,reports of ,target ,practice ,no4 #b ,c xxvii ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores ,d xxviii-li ,,part ,i4 ,,relating ,,to ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,vessels ,,of ,,war ,,for ,,battle4 ,,bureau ,,of ,,ordnance1 ,,navy ,,department4 ,january #ast1 #ahff4 ,,sir3-- ,the ,ordnance ,instructions for the ,navy having been again carefully revised1 and such additions and corrections made as the new armaments of vessels of the ,navy rendered necessary1 they are approved by the ,bureau1 and ,i have the honor to submit them for the adoption of the ,navy ,department4 ,i am1 ,sir1 with high respect1 ,your obedient servant1 ,h4,a4 ,,wise1 ,u4,s4,n41 ,chief of ,bureau4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,navy ,,department1 ,,washington1 ,january #ast1 #ahff4 ,,sir3-- ,the revised ,ordnance ,instructions for the ,navy1 submitted with your letter of this date1 are hereby approved and adopted by the ,department1 and all officers of the ,navy will strictly observe and enforce them4 ,very respectfully1 ,,gideon ,,welles1 ,secretary of the ,navy4 ,commander ,h4,a4 ,,wise1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,chief of ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,general ,,duties ,,of ,,officers ,,in ,,relation ,,to ,,ordnance ,,and ,,gunnery1 ,,and ,,to ,,military ,,equipments ,,and ,,exercises4 ,,captain4 #a4 ,,the ,,captain ,,or ,,commanding ,,officer will be careful to require that all the ,ordnance ,instructions are strictly enforced on board the vessel under his command2 and although particular duties are assigned1 and various instructions given to the other officers of the vessel1 yet he is to see that the duties are performed1 and the instructions obeyed1 by the officers to whom they are respectively addressed4 #b4 ,as soon as the crew is received on board the vessel1 he shall cause a fire-bill to be prepared1 the crew shown their stations1 and see that they are duly stationed at quarters for battle 7,see ,articles #gh to #ajc71 and exercised at general quarters1 and by divisions1 particularly the powder division 7,see ,articles #ahj to #bja71 until each officer and man is thoroughly instructed in his duties2 after which the exercises are to be frequent during the cruise4 ,exercises which are short and spirited are preferable to those which are long and fatiguing4 ,distinctions and indulgences to those who excel are recommended4 ,when the men have become well acquainted with their duties at the guns1 and in passing powder1 or when the general duties of the ship are unusually fatiguing1 the divisional exercises may be confined to those belonging to one watch4 ,it is directed that1 unless bad weather prevent1 ,monday of each week be set apart for general quarters4 #c4 ,he will1 at least once in two months for the first year of the cruise1 and once in three months for the remainder thereof1 assemble the crew at quarters in the night1 without any previous intimation of his intention to do so1 and have a general exercise4 ,he will inspect the ship throughout1 and cause an entry to be made in the log-book of the length of time required between the beginning of the call to quarters and the complete preparation for commencing action2 also1 when every gun is ready for a second fire4 #d4 ,in order to ascertain whether the equipments are complete and their uses understood1 as soon after the ship has been commissioned as circumstances will permit1 he will cause at least one round to be fired1 with shot or shell1 according to the nature of the gun2 and1 when practicable1 at targets at known distances and with the appropriate service charges4 7,see ,,tables ,,of ,,ranges1 ,appendix47 #e4 ,he will immediately endeavor to discover whether defects or deficiencies in the armament or equipment exist1 and1 if any be found1 will remedy them as far as in his power consistently with instructions1 representing them to the ,commandant of the yard of outfit1 if near it2 and1 if important1 to the ,chief of the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 #f4 ,on the representation of the ,gunner that the ,ordnance ,stores are injured or liable to injury1 he will order the survey called for by ,article #di4 #g4 ,he will1 in each quarter of the first year of the cruise1 expend in target-practice six rounds1 and in each succeeding quarter-year six broadsides1 making the report required by ,art4 #ad4 ,he will not1 however1 either for this purpose or for saluting1 reduce his supply of ammunition below #ajj broadsides4 #h4 ,in order to accustom the men to the use of loaded shells1 they are frequently to be used in preference to shot4 ,for this purpose1 however1 empty shells1 or those that are bouched only1 will be carefully fitted1 filled1 and fused on board1 in season1 according to the directions 7,chap4 ,i4 ,part ,,iii471 and first expended4 ,they should be fitted only as required to replace those expended2 a principal object in supplying a certain number of shells to be fitted on board ships1 is to disseminate information on this subject4 #i4 ,the relative proportions of distant1 ordinary1 and near-firing charges are to be preserved 7,see ,,table ,,of ,,charges1 ,part ,,iii47 as nearly as practicable1 and after action or exercise1 deficiencies caused by the expenditure of any particular kind of charge will be made up1 without unnecessary delay1 from the others on hand4 #aj4 ,the allowances for target-practice are not to be expended in one or two exercises1 but are to be divided in such proportions as to allow target-practice once a fortnight1 or at least once a month1 when practicable2 and at least three-fourths of the charges allowed shall be expended in practice at sea1 when it can be conveniently done1 opportunities being chosen for that purpose under all the circumstances of wind and weather in which vessels of war are liable to engage in battle4 #aa4 ,when in port1 and circumstances will admit1 such places are to be selected for practice as are favorable for the recovery of the projectiles2 when the effect of the bursting charge is not important1 a blowing charge may be used in shells1 to test the efficiency of the fuze without destroying the shell4 ,in practice the service charges for which the sights are marked are alone to be employed4 ,distances within half a mile are preferable for solid shot1 as best showing the result4 ,targets of ten feet high by twenty long will afford the means of general comparison1 especially with the practice at the experimental battery at ,washington4 ,for shells1 the distances should suit the ranges of their fuzes1 or time of burning1 that the degree of certainty of explosion in direct or ricochet fire may be seen and noted4 #ab4 ,the whole crew is to be exercised in the use of the musket1 carbine1 pistol1 and sword1 and in firing at a target with small arms1 by suitable persons1 each division under the superintendence of its respective commanding officer4 ,the company and the battalion drill is recommended as often as convenient opportunities of exercise present themselves4 #ac4 ,he will cause the boats' crews to be exercised in all the preparations for attacking an enemy1 either by land or water1 and in the use of boat and field howitzers1 and small arms1 under all the various circumstances likely to arise in such service1 and particularly in embarking and disembarking the boat and field guns and ammunition4 7,see ,part ,,ii47 #ad4 ,at the expiration of each quarter he will cause to be prepared1 and forward1 by the earliest favorable opportunity1 to the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 a report of all firing1 with or without projectiles1 according to the detail given in form ,c4 ,appendix2 also the ,quarterly return of receipts and expenditures in the ,ordnance ,department4 #ae4 ,he will1 once in every quarter1 cause a thorough examination to be made into the condition of the armament1 shot and shells2 and will see that care is taken to keep the shot and shell lockers dry2 that the shot and shells stowed therein are clean and free from rust1 and1 also1 that the diameter of shot kept on deck is not increased above the high gauge by injudicious lacquering or painting1 and report to the ,bureau of ,ordnance that this has been done4 #af4 ,he is to take care that especial attention is paid to the fuzes1 whether spare or in the shells2 and if there be reason to suspect injury from dampness or any other cause1 he will have one or more fuzes burned for trial4 #ag4 ,he will not permit shells to be filled1 or their fuzes to be shifted or shortened1 without his order2 and whenever these operations are to be performed1 he will see that a suitable and properly secured place1 not in the shell-room1 and as far from the magazine as convenient1 is selected for the purpose4 ,on such occasions the fires and lights are to be extinguished1 and also the further precautions are to be observed1 as to the manner of performing the work1 contained in the directions for filling and emptying shells4 7,see ,chap4 ,i41 ,part ,,iii47 #ah4 ,he is not to dismount1 strike below1 or otherwise render unfit for immediate use1 any of the guns on board the ship he commands1 except imperative necessity should require it for the safety of the vessel4 ,the particular circumstances of such necessity are to be immediately entered at large in the log1 and information is to be given to the ,commander of the squadron1 and to the ,secretary of the ,navy4 ,when guns are to be struck below1 or when shipped for transportation1 he shall cause all the precautions to be taken to guard them from injury1 prescribed in ,article #df of these instructions1 and such others as circumstances require4 #ai4 ,he is prohibited from giving away the arms of any description belonging to the vessel under his command4 #bj4 ,he will keep the keys of the magazines and shell-rooms1 and of the receptacles for percussion caps and primers1 and of the cocks for flooding magazines and shell-rooms1 in the cabin1 where they may be obtained by the ,executive ,officer in case they should be wanted when the ,captain is absent from the vessel2 and they are only to be delivered to the ,executive ,officer1 or the ,officer of the ,powder ,division4 #ba4 ,before entering any friendly port1 he will cause every gun to be drawn and reloaded with cartridge1 if necessary to salute4 #bb4 ,he will not permit friction-matches to be on board under any circumstances1 and before sailing will notify all persons of this regulation1 and institute a search to see that it has been complied with4 ,,executive ,,officer4 #bc4 ,the ,executive ,officer will1 under the orders and direction of the ,captain1 ascertain that all the ordnance stores and equipments ordered or allowed for the vessel are received on board in good order2 that they are properly distributed and stowed2 that they are only used or expended according to directions from proper authority1 and that they are duly accounted for1 according to the directions and forms which are or may be prescribed by the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,in small vessels which have no ,gunner1 he shall receipt for and be accountable for all ordnance stores1 making all the returns which the ,gunner is herein directed to prepare4 #bd4 ,he will be particularly attentive to the state of the batteries1 small arms1 magazines1 shell-rooms1 and shot-lockers2 to the passages leading to and scuttles connected with them2 and take care that they are kept clear and ready for action4 #be4 ,he will cause convenient places to be assigned for the stowage of spare articles which may be required in action1 and see that shot for at least twenty broadsides for shot-guns1 and one shell for each shell-gun1 are always in readiness upon the respective decks4 #bf4 ,when salutes are to be fired he is personally to examine1 or to direct one of the ,officers ,commanding a ,division to examine1 ascertain and report that the necessary preparations are made and precautions taken to avoid accidents4 ,the guns1 if loaded1 are to be drawn1 wormed1 sponged and reloaded4 ,they are1 nevertheless1 to be so laid as to prevent the possibility of mischief1 even in the contingency of a shot or wad being left in any of them4 ,hard wads are not to be used in firing salutes1 nor are port-fires4 ,the guns are to be fired either with percussion or friction primers1 as the ,captain may prefer4 ,these1 when in good order1 are not apt to fail if the lock-string be properly pulled2 as1 however1 a slight deterioration may interfere with the regularity of salutes1 the precaution of dropping a few grains of gunpowder into the vent will be found effectual4 ,guns of the lowest calibre and class1 when sufficient in number1 are to be used for saluting2 and no heavier than their near-firing charge is to be used4 7,see ,,table ,,of ,,charges1 ,part ,,iii47 ,two boats' howitzers will be found sufficient for saluting4 ,saluting powder to be used in all guns for this purpose1 in preference to ,service powder4 #bg4 ,in large vessels he will cause a cot with a spare sacking-bottom1 or such other apparatus as may be approved by the ,surgeon1 to be prepared and kept for the purpose of lowering the wounded to the orlop or berth deck4 #bh4 ,before the powder is received on board1 he1 with the ,gunner1 will carefully inspect the magazines and shell-rooms1 their passages and light-rooms1 and have them thoroughly cleaned1 dried and aired1 and will see that the pipes and stop-cocks1 and every thing connected with flooding the magazines1 are in order1 and acquaint himself with their position and mode of operation2 the lighting apparatus cleaned and dried2 and particularly that the glasses for transmitting light into the magazines and shell-rooms are clear and without fracture2 that the light burns clearly1 and the box is well ventilated2 and shall report to the ,ordnance ,officer when the magazines are ready to receive the ammunition4 7,see ,chap4 ,,ii41 ,part ,,iii47 ,,officers ,,in ,,charge ,,of ,,divisions4 #bi4 ,,officers ,,in ,,charge ,,of ,,divisions ,,of ,,guns are required to make themselves thoroughly conversant with every particular relating to the equipment1 exercise1 and management of the guns1 as set forth in these instructions1 and especially to familiarize themselves with the charges prescribed and the ranges given in the ,tables2 the principles and practice of pointing guns under all circumstances1 and also with every precaution connected with the use of shells1 and of percussion and time fuzes4 #cj4 ,they are carefully to inspect their divisions when called to quarters for inspection or exercise1 and see that every thing is1 at all times1 in place and in order for service2 and in case of discovering any defect or deficiency1 will report it to the ,executive ,officer4 #ca4 ,they will be careful1 when instructing the men at quarters1 to require a strict adherence to the prescribed mode of performing their duties1 and to all the details of execution1 in order that general uniformity and the efficiency dependent on it may be secured4 ,when the individuals of the guns' crews have become expert in the performance of their particular duties1 then each man shall be instructed by the officer of his division1 until he shall have become acquainted with the special duties of every station at the gun4 #cb4 ,they are at least once a week to examine the guns and all the iron work of the carriages1 and see that they are kept free from rust1 and especially the eccentric axles1 elevating screws1 and pivot-bolts1 which must be protected by a mixture of tallow and white-lead1 or other similar coating4 ,the cap-squares must be frequently removed1 the guns lifted and the trunnions cleaned2 the elevating screws oiled1 but never cleaned with brick or emery paper4 ,once a quarter at least1 all the connecting bolts1 such as cap-square1 bracket1 breast1 and transom bolts1 are to be examined and tightened if they require it4 ,to do this it is necessary1 after lifting the gun1 to turn the carriage bottom up4 ,the threads of the screws of the bolts above named must be coated with the lacquer for small arms4 #cc4 ,,the ,,officer ,,of ,,the ,,powder ,,division will1 in like manner1 carefully instruct and drill his men1 and test the efficiency of the arrangements for passing powder1 shot1 and shell1 in order to insure a sufficient supply of each to all parts of the batteries1 without the danger of misdirection or of accumulations in any part thereof4 ,to this end blocks of proper shapes and colors may be provided in the appropriate tanks of the magazines1 and passed up instead of powder1 when that is not used4 ,these are to be counted and reported by the ,officers of the ,gun ,divisions1 and will enable the ,executive ,officer1 and the ,officer of the ,powder ,division1 to detect and remedy defects or deficiencies in the system or its details1 and to be sure that the men are properly stationed and instructed4 ,,master4 #cd4 ,the ,,master will see that the number of fighting-stoppers1 whips for preventer-stays1 preventer-braces1 slings for yards and gaffs1 relieving-tackles1 and other articles in his division which are directed1 are all fitted and ready for use in action4 ,at general quarters his division must be regularly drilled in fishing masts and spars1 stoppering and knotting rigging1 and trimming sails4 ,,chief ,,engineer4 #ce4 ,the ,,chief ,,engineer will ascertain that all the tools and implements necessary for the prompt and effectual repair of injuries which the engine and its dependencies may receive in action1 are received on board and placed at hand4 ,,gunner4 #cf4 ,he shall attend personally at the ordnance store where his stores shall be delivered to him1 the ,ordnance ,officer furnishing him with means of transportation and men for stowing them in their appointed places on board ship1 when the crew is not available for this purpose4 ,he is to be especially careful that the equipments and stores belonging to the magazine are arranged therein in conformity to ,ordnance ,instructions4 7,see ,chap4 ,i41 ,part ,,iii4 for further directions relative to his duties and responsibilities47 #cg4 ,the powder-tanks containing charges for each class of guns are to be stowed on their sides1 with the lids next the alleys and hinges down1 near the magazine scuttles through which these charges are to be delivered2 the charges for ordinary firing nearest the scuttle4 ,when tanks are emptied they are to be stowed on the upper shelves in order that the powder may be kept1 as much as possible1 below the water line4 #ch4 ,in time of war1 passing-boxes are to have charges for ordinary firing kept in them ready for passing up at once4 #ci4 ,in future white will be used for all cylinders1 the calibre and weight distinctly stencilled on each bag4 ,in case of a deficiency of white cartridge cloth1 the different charges for all classes of guns may be distinguished by the color of the cartridge-bags2 white being used for distant firing1 blue for ordinary firing1 and red for near firing4 ,the lid ends of the powder-tanks for service charges are to be painted of the same colors as the cartridge-bags which they contain1 and must be distinctly marked with the calibre and weight of the gun for which the cartridges are intended4 ,tanks for musket-powder must be marked ,,musket-,,powder2 and this powder may be put up in either of the kind of charges allowed which will make the best stowage1 the bags properly stencilled4 ,tanks containing saluting powder are to be marked ,,saluting4 ,it is to be kept in bags1 stencilled saluting4 #dj4 ,no loose powder is ever to be taken or carried on board ship1 and all1 whether public or private belonging to officers1 must be safely stowed in the magazines4 #da4 ,all metallic cartridges for small arms1 percussion caps1 and percussion or friction primers1 or other articles containing fulminating matter1 must be kept in boxes prepared for the purpose1 and the boxes must be stowed separately from other articles1 in a dry1 secure1 and safe place1 under lock and key1 and are on no account to be put in the magazine4 ,it is recommended that they be distributed in two or three places1 a portion conveniently at hand4 #db4 ,the fireworks1 after carefully removing all fulminating matter1 such as caps or primers1 if any such be used to ignite them1 are to be stowed in their proper packing-boxes in other light boxes of suitable length1 made water-tight1 with lock and key1 and to fit between the beams and carlines of the gun decks of frigates and berth decks of single-decked vessels4 ,those for instant use must be placed near the after hatch1 and the remainder abaft that position1 if possible1 so as to be constantly under the care of the sentinel at the cabin doors4 ,in no case1 however1 are they to be placed over any standing light or lantern on any deck4 #dc4 ,all ammunition packing-boxes1 shell-bags1 and metal cases are to be preserved1 and returned into store at the end of the cruise4 #dd4 ,no coopering is ever to be done in the magazines of ships4 ,should powder be received on board in barrels1 the hoops and heads must be started on the orlop or berth deck before entering the magazine4 #de4 ,in stowing shell-rooms1 filled shells are to be stowed together in boxes or bags2 those having fuzes of different times of burning1 and each kind of fuze1 will be placed in tiers or ranges distinctly separate4 7,see ,article ,,on ,,fuzes1 ,c4 ,,iv47 ,empty shells are to be stowed by themselves1 unsabotted1 in bulk1 in a dry place4 #df4 ,whenever guns are to be struck below1 or prepared for transportation1 the gunner will see that the bores are washed with fresh water1 carefully sponged1 thoroughly dried1 and coated with melted tallow1 and a wad dipped in the same material inserted1 and connected with a tompion by a lanyard4 ,he is to see that the tompion is put in securely1 and the vent and all screw-holes stopped by a plug of soft wood1 and puttied over4 #dg4 ,he is to examine and report daily1 before #aj ,a4,m4 and #h ,p4,m41 whether the guns and all their equipments2 the whips for supplying shot and shells2 the arm-chests1 armory1 and small arms2 the supply and reserve division boxes1 and other articles furnished as ordnance and ordnance stores1 are in good order and in place1 and make immediate report to the ,commanding or ,executive ,officer of any defects or deficiencies which he may discover at any other time4 #dh4 ,the guns and their equipments are to be kept as dry as possible1 and no salt water used in cleaning them4 #di4 ,if he shall discover any articles to be injured1 or liable to injury from any cause1 he will ask1 in writing1 for a survey to be held1 to determine the amount1 cause1 or liability of any of the stores or equipments to damage or deterioration2 a copy of this request and report of survey to be furnished to him as a voucher1 by the officer ordering the survey4 #ej4 ,whenever the magazines or shell-rooms are opened1 he is to take every precaution to guard against accident by fire2 to examine particularly that all the men stationed in any way in or about the magazine1 embracing all stationed within the magazine screen1 put on the magazine dress and shoes1 and on no account have any thing metallic about them1 and that no improper articles are introduced4 ,he will also see that all the articles required for sweeping and removing loose powder are at hand1 and that those operations are performed before the magazine is closed4 #ea4 ,the tanks are never to be opened unless by special order1 or when powder is actually required for service2 and then no more of the lids are to be unscrewed than is necessary for immediate supply4 ,the strictest attention to this regulation is required of the ,gunner1 as experience has proved that the preservation of the powder in good condition depends upon the entire exclusion of damp air4 #eb4 ,when the guns are ordered to be drawn before entering a friendly port1 the ,gunner is to be particularly attentive to assure himself that no shot or wad is left in any gun4 #ec4 ,in saluting1 he is to guard against accident in loading1 pointing1 and firing1 and to be particularly careful in reloading1 where that operation is unavoidable4 #ed4 ,in the absence or illness of the ,gunner1 his general duties will devolve on a ,gunner's ,mate1 under the supervision of the ,executive ,officer4 #ee4 ,the ,gunner shall keep a minute-book of all expenditures in the ,ordnance ,department1 and on ,monday of each week shall submit it to the ,executive ,officer for examination and approval4 ,within ten days after the expiration of the quarter1 he shall make out his quarterly return in the required form1 which shall be signed by him1 certified correct by the ,executive ,officer1 approved by the ,commander1 and forwarded to the ,bureau by the first opportunity4 ,at the same time the ledger shall be posted4 #ef4 ,when a vessel returns from a cruise to be refitted or repaired1 or placed in ordinary1 the ,gunner1 or person performing the duty of ,gunner1 is not to leave the ship1 unless specially authorized by the ,secretary of the ,navy1 until all the guns1 powder1 small arms1 ammunition1 and other articles under his charge1 shall have been examined and surveyed1 and turned over to his successor1 or other person appointed to receive them1 or to the ,inspector of ,ordnance1 the receipt for which he shall show to the officer to whom he applies for leave4 ,,carpenter4 #eg4 ,the ,,carpenter shall ascertain and report to the ,executive ,officer that there are a sufficient number of tarpaulins to cover all the hatches leading to the fore and after orlops2 that the pump-gear of every description is ready and in order for rigging the pumps1 and that every preparation can be promptly made before going into action to free the ship1 in case of receiving injuries below the water-line4 #eh4 ,he is also to examine and keep in order the force and channel pumps1 the fire-engine1 the division-tubs1 and1 in short1 all the apparatus necessary to give a good and speedy supply of water in case of fire in action4 #ei4 ,he is specially charged with the care and distribution of articles for stopping shot-holes or repairing other injuries to the hull1 which may be received in action1 viz43 shot-plugs and mauls2 pieces of pine board from eighteen inches to three feet long1 and from twelve to fifteen inches wide1 covered with felt or fearnaught1 previously coated with tar or white lead2 patches of sheet-lead1 all with nail-holes punched2 and trouser-slings for lowering men outside the vessel1 to be provided with a pouch or pocket1 to contain a hammer and nails4 ,tarred canvas or oakum should be prepared to shove into the shot-holes before the patches of board or lead are nailed on4 ,although shot-plugs are still to be allowed1 the means just described are most to be relied on4 #fj4 ,in case it shall not have already been done1 the ,carpenter1 under the direction of the ,commander or ,executive ,officer of the ship1 will draw a black line1 two inches broad1 on the ceiling of the ship1 to correspond with the ordinary height of the water-line4 ,on this is to be marked1 by corresponding intervals and numbers1 the position of the ports on the lowest of the gun-decks4 ,by this arrangement the position of the shot-hole can be easily ascertained and communicated1 through the ,officer ,commanding the ,powder ,division1 and a remedy promptly applied4 ,to this end he is to pay habitual attention to keeping the wings clear to four feet below the water-line1 and report any obstructions to the ,executive ,officer4 ,,yeoman4 #fa4 ,the ,,yeoman is to charge himself with1 and is to be accountable for1 all articles of ordnance stores which may be placed in the storeroom under his charge1 and is not to issue or expend any article1 except by order of1 or authority from1 the ,captain or ,executive ,officer4 #fb4 ,on the return of a ship1 to be laid up at a yard1 or to be refitted or repaired1 the ,yeoman will be retained to deliver the ordnance stores in his charge into the hands of the ,ordnance ,officer4 ,if any deficiency in the stores under his charge be discovered1 or they are in bad order1 the ,ordnance ,officer will report the same to the ,commandant of the yard1 who will order a survey1 to ascertain the nature and extent of the deficiency1 or injury1 and whether either were caused by the ,yeoman's negligence or fault4 ,if the surveying officers shall find just cause for suspecting fraud or negligence1 the ,commandant shall suspend the payment and discharge of the ,yeoman1 until he shall report the case to the ,bureau and receive the orders of the ,department4 #fc4 ,no person is to be knowingly appointed ,yeoman who has already served in that capacity in any vessel of war of the ,united ,states1 who cannot produce a satisfactory certificate of his former good conduct as ,yeoman4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,general ,,distribution ,,of ,,officers ,,and ,,men ,,at ,,quarters4 #fd4 ,the following directions for the general distribution of a ship's company at quarters1 or for action1 are intended to secure1 upon the most important points1 a degree of uniformity which will promote efficiency1 and at the same time leave to the ,captains the selection and arrangement of many individuals under their command1 according to their own views of the particular qualifications of each4 #fe4 ,the ,,captain',s station1 in action1 is upon the quarter-deck4 #ff4 ,the ,executive ,officer1 the ,midshipmen acting as ,aides to the ,captain1 and the ,signal ,officer1 are also to be stationed on the quarter-deck4 #fg4 ,the stations of the other ,officers are to be regulated by divisions1 as follows3 ,the guns upon each deck are to be numbered from forward1 beginning with ,no4 #a1 and continuing aft1 in succession1 each gun and its opposite being designated by the same number1 excepting pivot and shifting guns1 each of which is to have a separate number4 ,the guns on each deck are then to be divided as equally as possible into three or two divisions1 according to the number of ,lieutenants or other ,watch ,officers on board1 so that each division of guns1 and the persons belonging to it1 may be commanded by a ,lieutenant or other ,watch ,officer4 ,these divisions are to be numbered consecutively1 designating the forward division on the lowest gun-deck as the first division1 and passing from the after division of one deck to the forward division of the next deck above it4 #fh4 ,the command of these divisions of guns is to be assigned1 in the order of their numbers1 to the ,lieutenants or other ,watch ,officers1 according to their rank1 assigning the first division to the officer next in rank to the ,executive ,officer4 ,in case of a deficiency of ,watch ,officers1 the quarter-deck division may be assigned to an ,ensign or ,midshipman1 who will act under the general supervision of the ,executive ,officer4 ,when the number of officers on board of vessels having pivot-guns will permit1 each pivot-gun will be placed under the special charge of a suitable officer of the division of which it forms a part4 ,,master',s ,,division4 #fi4 ,this division will comprise all those stationed in the tops1 and those appointed to attend to the rigging1 sails1 steerage1 and signals4 ,the ,master is to be stationed on the quarter-deck1 and to be assisted by the ,boatswain1 whose station will be on the forecastle4 ,the ,boatswain will be charged with all his divisional duties in the event of his death or absence4 7,for ,,arms1 see ,table in ,article #aja47 ,,powder ,,division4 #gj4 ,this division will be under the direction either of a ,lieutenant1 ,master1 ,ensign1 or competent ,midshipman4 ,it will consist of all those stationed below the gun-decks1 except persons belonging to the ,surgeon's ,division and the ,paymaster and his ,clerk4 ,the ,gunner is to be stationed in the main magazine1 and a ,gunner's ,mate or ,quarter ,gunner in the other magazine when there are two2 and those persons of this division who may be stationed in the magazines and passages are to be under the immediate direction of the ,gunner and his ,mate1 respectively4 ,those of the ,carpenter's crew stationed in the hold or wings are to be under the immediate direction of the ,carpenter's ,mate1 who will be stationed with them4 ,all reports1 however1 are to be made through the ,commanding ,officer of the division4 ,,division ,,of ,,marines4 #ga4 ,all the ,marines who may not be distributed to other divisions for action are to compose a ,division of ,marines1 to be under the immediate command of the ,senior ,officer of ,marines on board4 ,he will form his division on such part or parts of the spar or upper deck as the ,captain may direct4 ,,surgeon',s ,,division4 #gb4 ,the ,,surgeon or senior ,medical ,officer will have the direction of this division1 which shall comprise all the ,medical ,officers and such other persons as may be designated by the ,captain to assist in the care of the wounded in action4 ,this division will occupy the cockpit1 or such other convenient place as the ,captain of the vessel may direct4 ,,the ,,chaplain4 #gc4 ,the ,,chaplain will be in attendance to perform the duties of his sacred office1 and to render such other service as may be in his power4 ,,paymaster4 #gd4 ,the ,,paymaster',s station will be in the ward-room and on the berth-deck1 in charge of the money1 books and stores belonging to his ,department4 ,,engineer ,,division4 #ge4 ,the ,engineer ,division shall be under the direction of the ,chief ,engineer1 and shall comprise the ,assistant ,engineers and such of the ,firemen and ,coalheavers as may be detailed for the purpose4 ,an ,assistant will be appointed to take charge of the fire party detailed from this ,division4 ,,miscellaneous ,,officers4 #gf4 ,ensigns1 ,midshipmen1 ,mates1 ,captain's and other ,clerks1 the ,sailmaker1 and other officers not enumerated1 are to be assigned to the different divisions at the discretion of the ,captain4 #gg4 ,in distributing the ,petty ,officers1 ,seamen1 and others to the guns and other stations in the several divisions1 it is desirable1 as a general rule1 that those stationed at the same gun or near each other at quarters1 should be drawn from different stations for working ship2 so that a great loss at any one gun may not fall too heavily on any watch station4 ,exceptions to this general rule may be advantageously made where the duties of men require their habitual attendance on particular decks4 ,in such cases it will generally be advisable to station them at quarters near to the places of their ordinary duties4 ,,distribution ,,of ,,the ,,crew4 #gh4 ,table showing the number of men for the service of each kind and class of gun in use in the ,navy1 assuming the vessel to have the established complement4 ,,pivot ,,guns3 ,,xi-inch of #af1jjj lbs41 ,x-inch of #aj1jjj lbs4 #bd ,x-inch of #ab1jjj lbs41 #fd-pdr4 of #ajf cwt4 #bj ,,ix-inch of #i1jjj lbs41 #ajj-pdr4 rifle4 #af #fj-pdr4 rifle4 #aj #cj-pdr4 rifle4 #h #bj-pdr4 rifle4 #f ,,broadside ,,guns3 ,,ix-inch of #i1jjj lbs41 #ajj-pdr4 rifle4 #af #h-;inch of #fh cwt4 #ad #h-;inch of #f1ejj lbs41 #h-;inch of #ef cwt4 #ab #cb-pdr4 of #eg cwt4 #ab #cb-pdr4 of #d1ejj lbs41 #cb-pdr4 of #db cwt41 #fj-pdr4 rifle4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #cc cwt41 #cj-pdr4 rifle4 #h #cb-pdr4 of #bg cwt41 #bj-pdr4 rifle4 #f ,to the ,,xi1 ,x1 and ,,ix-inch #ajj-pounder rifle1 and #fd-pounder pivot guns1 a ,powderman1 and to all other guns a ,powder-boy is to be added4 ,the number of men to form crews of guns mounted on carriages of special character1 is to be regulated as may be found most advantageous by the ,commanding ,officer4 #gi4 ,in designating the ,petty ,officers and others for particular stations1 it is assumed that the intelligence1 skill1 and force of the men have been equally divided between the two watches1 and that the men in the starboard watch have all odd numbers1 as #a1 #c1 #e1 and those of the port watch even numbers1 as #b1 #d1 #f4 ,to preserve this equality1 and to secure the ability of those who may be upon deck to prepare the ship for action at night1 whilst the watch below are bringing up and stowing the hammocks1 all the odd-numbered guns will be entirely manned by men belonging to the starboard watch1 and all the even-numbered guns by those belonging to the port watch1 as far as practicable4 ,the crews of pivot-guns to be taken half from each watch4 #hj4 ,where ports on opposite sides of the same deck are numbered the same1 and are both provided with a gun1 guns' crews are only to be furnished for the guns on one side4 ,pivot and shifting guns are each to have full guns' crews4 #ha4 ,when the complements allowed to vessels of the ,navy will permit1 it is recommended as a general arrangement that the guns' crews be formed of about one-third ,petty ,officers and ,seamen1 one-third ,ordinary ,seamen1 and one-third ,landsmen and ,boys1 and that this system be observed as nearly as practicable4 #hb4 ,at least one ,quarter ,gunner should be stationed at each division of guns2 and a ,gunner's ,mate or ,quarter ,gunner in the smaller magazine1 and in each shell-room4 ,if there be more shell-rooms than there are disposable ,quarter ,gunners to attend them1 other careful and suitable persons are to be selected to supply the deficiency4 #hc4 ,before permanently assigning the individuals which form a gun's crew1 to the performance of particular duties connected with its service in action1 it is important to ascertain their respective qualifications1 as far as may be practicable1 by questioning them or by exercising them at the guns4 #hd4 ,the ,captains1 especially1 should be selected from those in whose skill1 coolness1 and judgment the greatest reliance can be placed1 without regard to their ratings1 though at the same time care should be taken to avoid stationing men of a higher rating than the ,captains of the guns1 to perform subordinate duties at the same guns4 ,they should be examined by the ,surgeon with reference to eyesight4 ,spongers and ,loaders rank next in importance1 and1 with activity and coolness1 should possess the necessary physical strength and stature4 ,for ,handspikemen1 weight is important1 in addition to strength and coolness4 #he4 ,very careful men should be selected for attending the ,powder-scuttles on the different decks1 as well to prevent noise and contention among the ,powder-boys as to guard against accidents1 and speedily to repair such as may occur4 ,the boys should be trained to fall into line1 to insure an equal distribution of powder4 #hf4 ,unless some special reason should require a different arrangement with regard to ,boarders1 ,pikemen1 ,firemen1 ,sail-trimmers1 and ,pumpmen1 the following will be observed3 ,,boarders4 #hg4 ,half the men composing a gun's crew1 excluding the ,powderman or ,boy1 are to be ,boarders4 ,when this rule gives an odd number of men1 the odd one is to be a ,second ,boarder4 #hh4 ,the ,boarders are to constitute two divisions1 called ,first and ,second ,boarders4 #hi4 ,first ,boarders are1 generally1 to be taken from the second part of a gun's crew2 and ,second ,boarders from the first part4 #ij4 ,all ,petty ,officers on the spar-deck1 except the ,quartermaster at the conn and the ,quartermaster at the wheel1 are to be ,first ,boarders4--7,for ,,arms ,,of ,,boarders1 see ,table1 ,article #aja47 ,the ,executive ,officer leads the ,boarders4 ,all the ,division ,officers on the spar-deck shall be ,first ,boarders1 except the officer commanding the quarter-deck division1 who shall lead the ,pikemen4 ,on gun-decks the officer commanding the second division shall be a ,first ,boarder2 the commanding officers of the other divisions shall be ,second ,boarders4 ,if there are two officers in any division1 the second shall lead those ,boarders who do not go with his principal4 ,a ,lieutenant or other responsible officer should be detailed to command the gun-deck in the absence of the boarders and pikemen4 ,,pikemen4 #ia4 ,one-fourth of the number of men composing a gun's crew1 rejecting fractions1 and excepting the ,powderman or ,boy1 and all the men of the ,master's division on the spar-deck1 except those designated as ,boarders and those at the wheel and conn1 are to be ,pikemen1 and compose but one division4 #ib4 ,for each ,pikeman at a gun there is to be a musket or carbine provided1 which in action1 when not in use1 is to be kept with the bayonet unfixed1 hooked securely against a carline or beam near the gun2 or on a spar-deck placed conveniently at hand4 ,when they are called away they will repair on deck with these arms1 when1 if ordered1 they will place them in a secure place1 to be designated by the ,executive ,officer1 and arm themselves with pikes4 ,pikemen will wear a cartridge-box whenever at general quarters or in action4 ,pikemen of the spar-deck divisions will1 on being called away1 arm themselves as directed4 ,should it become necessary1 in an emergency1 to call all hands from below to repel an enemy1 the ,pikemen will1 if not already so armed1 arm themselves with muskets or carbines1 leaving their pikes to be used by those whose arms are not designated--that is1 by the remainder of the gun's crew and ,powder ,division4 #ic4 ,one boarding-pike for each gun on covered decks is always to be kept triced up conveniently near it1 and this is to be used by the ,powderman1 or any other person left at the gun to guard the port4 #id4 ,pikemen are to be covered by the ,marines with their bayonets fixed4 ,,firemen4 #ie4 ,with broadside guns1 one ,fireman is to be taken from each gun's crew1 and from pivot-guns two4 ,each ,fireman is to have a fire-bucket at hand near his gun1 and to wear his battle-axe in a belt around his waist4 ,,sail-,,trimmers4 #ih4 ,in all vessels there shall be two divisions of ,sail-trimmers1 composed of all the men at the spar-deck guns1 except #ast ,captains1 #ast ,spongers1 #ast ,loaders1 and ,powder-boys4 ,the #ast ,sail-trimmers are to be taken from the guns on the forward half1 and the #b;d ,sail-trimmers from those on the after half of the spar-deck4 #ig4 ,in vessels carrying guns on more than one deck there are to be three divisions of ,sail-trimmers1 called #ast1 #b;d1 and #c;d ,sail-trimmers1 and the third division is to be made up of one man from each gun's crew on the other deck or decks1 as designated in the tables4--7,article #aja47 ,this third division of ,sail-trimmers is to be regarded as a reserved force1 and is not to repair on deck at the general call for ,sail-trimmers1 nor except when specially ordered4 ,besides serving to re-enforce the other two divisions when absolutely necessary1 it is also to re-enforce either the ,firemen or the ,pumpmen in cases of need4 #ih4 ,the third division of ,sail-trimmers1 and all the ,pikemen of the guns' crews1 and others armed with muskets 7,see ,tables1 ,article #aja71 may be made to assemble together as a body of ,musketeers1 either for landing or otherwise4 ,no one gun more than another will be weakened by so doing2 and this suggests the propriety of preferring these men ordinarily for the crews of boats4 ,,pumpmen4 #ii4 ,each gun's crew composed of as many as #ad men is to furnish two1 but1 when of less than #ad men1 one ,pumpman only4 #ajj4 ,when ,pumpmen are sufficiently numerous to admit of working the pumps with one-half their force1 they should compose two divisions1 to be called #ast and #b;d ,pumpmen4 ,,distribution ,,and ,,arms ,,of ,,men ,,at ,,the ,,guns4 #aja4 ,the annexed ,tables show the stations of guns' crews at pivot-guns1 and at broadside-guns1 when composed1 respectively1 of the following numbers of men3 #bd1 #af1 #ad1 #ab1 #aj1 #h1 or #f2 how each man of a gun's crew is to be armed1 and the number of small arms of all kinds required for each gun's crew4 ,n4,b4--,to these ,tables is annexed another1 showing the small arms of the ,master's ,division4 ,,pivot-,,gun',s ,,crew1 composed of #bd ,,men and a ,,powderman4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a #a - - - - #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a #a - - - - #b;d ,loader1 #a ,b4 #e #a - #a - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,shellman and ,pump4 #g - - - - - #a #hb;d ,shellman and ,pump4 - - - - - #a #ast ,front ,lever41 #b ,b4 #i #a #a - - - - #ajb;d ,front ,lever41 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,compressor4 and ,pike4 #ac - - - #a #a - #adb;d ,compressor4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,rear ,lever4 and ,pike4 #aa - - - #a #a - #abb;d ,rear ,lever4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - ,tr4-tkl41 ,deck-block1 #b ,b4 #ag #a #a - - - - #ah,tr4-tkl41 ,deck-block1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - ,tr4-tkl41 ,side-block1 #b ,b4 #ai #a - #a - - - #bj,tr4-tkl41 ,side-block1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - ,shifting-tkl41 ,deck- block1 and ,pikeman4 #ba - - - #a #a - #bb,shifting-tkl41 ,deck-block1 and ,pikeman4 - - - #a #a - ,shifting-tkl41 ,slide-block4 #bc - - - - #a #a #bd,shifting-tkl41 ,slide-block4 - - - - #a #a #ast ,tr4 ,lev4 and ,fireman4 #ae - - - - - #a #afb;d ,tr4 ,lev4 and ,fireman4 - - - - - #a #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - #bb;d ,captain1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - ,powderman #be - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,total number of ,arms #ab #g #e #f #h #f ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #af ,,men and a ,,powderman4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a #a - - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #b;d ,loader1 #a ,b4 #e #a - #a - - - #hb;d ,shell4 and #ast ,pump4 - - - - - #a #ast ,shellman1 #b;d ,pump4 #g - - - - - #a #ajb;d ,handspike41 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,handspikeman1 #b ,b4 #i #a - #a - - - #adb;d ,side-tackle4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,side-tackle4 and ,pike4 #ac - - - #a #a - #afb;d ,port-tackle4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,port-tackle4 and ,pike4 #ae - - - #a #a - #abb;d ,tr4-tack4 and ,sail-trim4 - - - - #a #a #ast ,train-tackle4 and ,fire4 #aa - - - - - #a #bb;d ,captain1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powderman - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total number of ,arms #h #d #d #d #e #d ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,n4,b4--,on other than lower decks1 for ,port-tacklemen substitute #c;d and #dth ,side-tacklemen4 ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #ad ,,men and a ,,powder-,,boy4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a #a - - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #b;d ,loader1 #a ,b4 #e #a - #a - - - #hb;d ,shell4 and #ast ,pump4 - - - - - #a #ast ,shell4 and #b;d ,pump4 #g - - - - - #a #ajb;d ,handspike4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,handspike41 #b ,b4 #i #a - #a - - - #adb;d ,side-tackle4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,side-tackle4 and ,pike4 #ac - - - #a #a - #abb;d ,tr4-tack4 and ,sail-trim4 - - - - #a #a #ast ,train-tackle4 and ,fire4 #aa - - - - - #a #bb;d ,captain1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powder-boy - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total number of ,arms #g #d #c #c #d #d ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #ab ,,men and a ,,powder-,,boy4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a #a - - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #b;d ,loader1 #a ,b4 #e #a - #a - - - #hb;d ,shellman and ,pump4 - - - - - #a #ast ,shellman and ,pike4 #g - - - #a #a - #ajb;d ,handspike4 and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,handspike4 and ,pike4 #i - - - #a #a - #abb;d ,tr4-tkl4 and ,sail-trim4 - - - - #a #a #ast ,train-tackle4 and ,fire4 #aa - - - - - #a #bb;d ,captain1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powder-boy - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,total number of ,arms #f #c #c #c #d #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #aj ,,men and a ,,powder-,,boy4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a #a - - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 #a ,b4 #a - #a - - - #b;d ,loader and ,pike4 #e - - - #a #a - #hb;d ,shellman and ,pump - - - - - #a #ast ,shellman and ,fire4 #g - - - - - #a #aj,train-tackle - - - - #a #a #ast ,handspike4 and ,pike4 #i - - - #a #a - #bb;d ,captain1 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powder-boy - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total number of ,arms #e #c #b #b #c #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #h ,,men and a ,,powder-,,boy4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #dast ,sponger1 #b ,b4 #a - #a - - - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a - #a - - - #fb;d ,sponger and ,pike4 - - - #a #a - #b;d ,loader and ,pikeman4 #e - - - #a #a - #h,tr4-tkl41 ,fireman4 - - - - #a #a ,shotman and ,pumpman4 #g - - - - - #a #bb;d ,capt4 and ,handsp41 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powder-boy - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,total number of ,arms4 #d #b #b #b #c #b ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gun',s ,,crew composed of #f ,,men and a ,,powder-,,boy4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,swords4 ,b3 ,,revolvers4 ,c3 ,,pistols4 ,d3 ,,pikes4 ,e3 ,,muskets4 ,f3 ,,battle-,,axes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,arms4 ----------------- ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,,gun ,,titles ,,of ,,gun',s ,,crew ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,,on ,,left ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ,,nos4 ,,on ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dast ,sponger and ,pikeman4 - - - #a #a - #ast ,loader1 #b ,b4 #c #a - #a - - - #fb;d ,sponger1 ,fireman4 - - - - #a #a #b;d ,ldr41 ,shot41 and ,pump4 #e - - - - - #a #bb;d ,captain1 and ,handspike41 ,train-tackle41 #a ,b4 #a #a - - - - #ast ,captain1 #b ,b4 #a #a #a - - - - ,powder-boy - - - - - - ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total number of ,arms4 #c #b #a #a #b #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,small ,,arms ,,of ,,master',s ,,division4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,stations4 ,,ratings4 ,,arms4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,conn ,quartermaster ,pistol and ,sword4 ,wheel ,quartermaster and ,seamen do4 do4 ,signals ,quartermaster do4 do4 do4 ,boys ,pikes4 ,relieving ,tackles ,quartermaster and ,o4,s4 ,swords4 ,main ,braces ,c4,a4,c4 ,pistol and ,sword4 ,mastmen ,b4,m4 ,pistol1 sword1 and ,battle-axe4 do4 ,seamen and ,o4,s4 ,pikes and ,battle-axes4 ,topmen do4 do4 ,muskets ,forecastle ,c4,f4 ,pistol and ,sword4 ,bell ,s4,c4 do4 do4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,note4--,it is proposed to abandon the pike and all muzzle-loading small arms for a breech-loading carbine and pistol1 with one uniform metallic cartridge for both4 ,the revolver pistol does not realize in service with seamen the advantages claimed for that description of arm4 #ajb4 ,the ,captain will designate the different hatchways which shall be used by the ,boarders and others from each gun when they are called upon deck at quarters4 ,cutlasses should not be drawn nor bayonets fixed until ordered1 and1 in moving from one part of the deck to another1 should be sheathed1 to avoid accidents4 #ajc4 ,the use of fire-arms in the tops being dangerous1 and only admissible under very peculiar circumstances1 they are never to be used there without the express direction of the ,captain4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,duties ,,at ,,quarters1 ,,in ,,battle ,,or ,,exercise4 ,,captain4 #ajd4 ,the ,,captain1 when at general quarters1 either for exercise or in action1 is to superintend and take the general direction of every thing connected with the management of the ship and the service of her armament4 #aje4 ,he will from time to time carefully inspect the ship1 in order1 before commencing a general exercise1 to ascertain that all the required and proper preparations have been made for battle4 ,when time and other circumstances will permit1 he will always make this inspection before going into action1 and when prevented from making it personally1 he will direct it to be made by the ,executive ,officer4 #ajf4 ,when engaged with an enemy at so great a distance as to require the guns to be elevated1 he will1 if practicable1 cause the distance to be ascertained by observation1 and1 when that cannot be done1 will estimate the distance1 and from time to time send directions to the ,officers of gun divisions for what distances the sights of their guns should be set1 and the nature of the projectile1 and1 if a shell be used1 the time of the fuze 7,see ,article #cbf71 and also the cartridges to be used1 whether for distant1 ordinary1 or near firing4 #ajg4 ,he will determine and direct when two shot may be fired2 when quick-firing may be permitted2 when small arms shall be distributed and loaded2 when ,boarders shall be called up1 and when they shall assail an enemy4 ,he will receive1 through the ,executive ,officer1 the reports from all ,officers commanding divisions4 ,,executive ,,officer4 #ajh4 ,the ,,executive ,,officer1 under the direction of the ,captain1 and with the aid of the ,master1 will work the ship when in action or at general quarters4 ,he will receive the reports of the officers of the different divisions and others1 and communicate them to the ,captain of the ship4 ,,signal ,,officer4 #aji4 ,the ,,signal ,,officer is to see that every thing is prepared for making and answering signals promptly1 and will make all such as the ,captain may direct4 ,he will provide himself with a watch1 pencil1 and signal note-book properly ruled4 #aaj4 ,he will note and report to the ,captain all signals that are made to or by other vessels of the squadron1 or other vessels in sight1 and also note the time at which each signal was made4 ,he will observe and report any material change which may take place in the positions of the vessels of the squadron1 or of other vessels1 and every event of moment that may occur4 ,,master',s ,,division4 #aaa4 ,the ,,master will cause the persons in his division to sling the yards and gaffs1 to stopper the topsail sheets1 to lead out the preventer and other braces1 and will see that they are clear1 and toggled1 to prevent them from unreeving4 #aab4 ,he will have the fighting stoppers at hand in the chains and tops for stoppering the rigging2 hatchets and axes ready for clearing away any casual encumbrances from the guns2 axes and hatchets for this purpose must be sharpened1 covered with painted canvas1 and labelled not for general use2 and will cause proper arrangements to be made for applying and securing grapnels1 if they should be required4 #aac4 ,he will see that the hammocks are compactly stowed1 covered1 and stopped down1 and will cause the boat and boom covers to be hauled over and securely stopped down2 the relieving tackles to be hooked and ready for use2 a compass to be placed to steer by2 and see the spare tiller at hand1 the chronometer and other instruments put out of the reach of shot1 and relieved as much as possible from the jar of the guns4 #aad4 ,in case the ,captain should give orders for sending small arms and ammunition into the tops1 he will attend to having them sent there1 and will be watchful that they are not so used as to expose the sails and rigging to danger from taking fire2 and in order to furnish a sufficient supply of water1 in case of accident1 he will have four fire-buckets fitted for each top1 with lanyards long enough to reach the water from the yard-arms1 and these should be filled with water in preparing for action4 #aae4 ,on the probability of an engagement1 when the ship is on soundings1 the ,master will have the ground-tackling ready and clear2 boats ready for getting out1 and every preparation made for towing1 warping1 anchoring1 and getting springs upon the cables2 and have leads and lines in the chains4 ,if at anchor1 he will have the boats dropped astern1 the oars secured to the thwarts1 and1 if directed1 have the plugs ready to be taken out that the boats may fill1 and also cause the spare spars to be put overboard4 #aaf4 ,whenever the cables are bent1 they shall be kept stoppered until wanted for use4 #aag4 ,in action1 besides aiding the ,executive ,officer in working ship1 the ,master is to pay special attention to the steerage of the vessel1 and to the rigging1 sails1 and spars1 and will see that the stoppers are properly applied1 and damages repaired as speedily as possible4 ,in vessels where there is no ,signal ,officer1 the ,master1 in action or general exercise1 may be directed to perform the duties of ,signal ,officer4 #aah4 ,the ,boatswain being the assistant of the ,master1 is to see that the rigging1 especially forward1 is kept clear1 and that all damages are promptly reported and repaired4 ,in the absence of the ,master1 all the above preparations will be at once made by the ,boatswain1 and reported to the ,executive ,officer by him4 ,,engineer',s ,,division4 #aai4 ,the ,,chief ,,engineer will see all proper preparations made for repairing damages to the engine and its dependencies1 and will have the apparatus for extinguishing fire ready for immediate use4 ,as soon as these preparations are fully made1 and his men mustered1 he will report his division ready to the ,executive ,officer4 ,he will also report such damages as may be received in action1 and what assistance is required to repair them1 and he will have charge of the preparations made for extinguishing fires below4 ,,powder ,,division4 #abj4 ,the ,officer commanding this division1 when called to quarters for general exercise or action1 will receive from the ,captain the keys of the magazines and shell-rooms1 and of their respective water-cocks1 and will deliver them to the persons in charge1 who are not to open them without his special order4 #aba4 ,he will have the fire-screens let down1 and the light-rooms and the deck under his charge lighted4 #abb4 ,he will see that the shot and shell whips are in place and in working order1 and that shot-troughs are placed for conveying shot where required2 that the ,gunner and his ,mates at the magazine hatches and scuttles1 and the persons stationed at the shell-room scuttles1 are ready to open them when the order is given4 #abc4 ,that all the precautions mentioned in the duties of ,gunner and ,carpenter have been taken against fire1 namely3 that the division-tubs are filled with water1 and that wet swabs are placed by them1 and under all the lower scuttles through which passing-boxes are returned2 that a fire-tub is placed at the bottom of each chute for the return of empty boxes2 that it is nearly filled with water1 and has its wire grating shipped2 that a proper supply of fresh water is provided for the use of the men2 that the hatchways of the decks next above that on which the ,powder ,division is stationed are properly covered2 that the air-ports are closed and secured2 and that the hose is screwed to the force-pumps and ready for use4 #abd4 ,he is to see that the means which are provided for lowering the wounded are ready and properly fitted1 and that the wounded1 when lowered down1 are conveyed to the part of the vessel set apart for the ,surgeon's ,division1 by the persons detailed for that purpose4 #abe4 ,he will also see that all obstructions to the safe and rapid passage of powder1 shot1 and shells are removed2 and when every preparation for action has been made in his division1 will report it ready to the ,executive ,officer4 #abf4 ,when the order is given from the ,captain to open the magazines1 shell-rooms1 and scuttles1 he will direct the ,gunner and ,gunner's ,mate to repair to their respective scuttles1 put on their magazine dresses and shoes1 divest themselves of every article of metal1 and see that the men stationed with them do the same2 they are also to see that wet swabs and cans of fresh water are provided4 #abg4 ,the magazines being opened1 the lids of the tanks are not to be unscrewed until orders are given to that effect4 ,then the ,gunner and his ,mate1 and their assistants in their respective magazines1 will open as many1 and no more1 tanks than are necessary to supply charges of the kind ordered1 which they will pass up to the men stationed on the deck above to receive them4 ,these men will be particularly careful to observe the orders transmitted from time to time1 designating the kind of charges required at the guns4 #abh4 ,while at general quarters he will see that the men preserve their proper stations in silence1 order1 and coolness2 and he will give particular attention to the sufficient and correct supply of powder and projectiles to the various divisions1 and take care that in time of action1 or of exercise with powder1 the passing-boxes1 after being once taken out of the magazine1 are not passed into it again1 or even inside of the screen1 during the whole of such action or exercise4 ,these duties are of the highest importance4 #abi4 ,in exercise where no powder is used1 he will see that such substitutes for the various charges as the ,captain may direct are passed up in their proper boxes1 so that the number of rounds and the kind of charge1 whether distant1 ordinary1 or near1 may be ascertained1 and compared with those ordered4 ,should any defect or deficiency in the arrangement for giving a full supply to the guns be discovered1 it is to be reported immediately to the ,captain1 in order that a remedy may be applied as speedily as possible1 by additional men or other proper means4 #acj4 ,the ,carpenter will see that the hatches on the deck next above the berth-deck or orlop are properly covered with gratings and tarpaulins1 and that the air-ports are closed and secured4 #aca4 ,he will then cause all the pumps to be rigged1 namely1 the main pumps1 for freeing the ship in case of leaks1 and the force and channel pumps4 ,he will have the engine also rigged and filled to supply water for extinguishing fire4 #acb4 ,he will attend particularly to the preparations for stopping shot-holes1 and see that all the articles enumerated in his general duties 7,article #ei7 are distributed among his mates and crew4 #acc4 ,he will1 when directed1 cause the cabin and other bulkheads to be taken down1 and every other obstruction removed which comes within his department1 that may interfere with the working of the guns or the passage of ammunition2 and having performed this service1 will report to that effect to the ,officers of the ,divisions in which such obstructions existed4 #acd4 ,when these preparations are completed1 he will see that the men under his direction are in their proper stations1 and1 when all their preparatory duties have been performed1 will so report to the ,executive ,officer1 and to the ,officer commanding the ,powder ,division what relates to that division4 #ace4 ,during an action the ,carpenter will attend the pumps1 sound the well frequently1 and1 should he discover indications of serious injury below the water-line1 will immediately make them known personally1 either to the ,captain or to the ,executive ,officer1 and to them only4 #acf4 ,during an action1 such of the ,carpenter's crew as are stationed in the wings1 or on the orlop1 in line-of-battle ships1 or on the berth-deck in other vessels1 will be constantly on the look-out for shot-holes4 ,when a shot enters they are to make its position known by reference to the numbers of the ports under or near which the hole is found1 and its distance below or above the water-line1 as shown by the interior line corresponding to it1 already described in the general duties of the ,carpenter 7,article #fj72 and are also to apply promptly such remedy themselves as may be in their power4 #acg4 ,the ,,master-,,at-,,arms1 assisted by the ,ship's ,corporals1 will see the galley fire and all unauthorized lights put out2 that the lamps are in their places1 properly trimmed and lighted2 and that the lenses and reflectors are cleaned and polished4 ,after the magazines have been swept1 closed1 and secured1 and the retreat has been beaten1 the ,master-at-arms will see that the lights in the light-rooms are extinguished1 and apply to the ,executive ,officer for permission to renew the usual lights and fires4 ,,surgeon',s ,,division4 #ach4 ,the ,,surgeon or senior ,medical ,officer will see that all necessary preparations are made for the reception and treatment of the wounded1 in the part of the ship which may have been set apart by the ,captain for that purpose1 and report to the ,executive ,officer when such preparations are completed4 #aci4 ,he will cause a sufficient number of tourniquets1 or temporary substitutes for them1 to be distributed to such men of the different divisions1 and in each top1 as may be appointed to receive them2 and he will take care that the persons in his division1 and such others as the ,captain may direct1 are instructed in the use of tourniquets1 to prevent1 as far as possible1 any dangerous loss of blood before the ,surgeon or his ,assistants can attend to wounded men4 ,,officers ,,commanding ,,divisions ,,of ,,guns4 #adj4 ,each ,officer ,commanding a ,division of ,guns is to see that all persons belonging to it are present2 that all the prescribed arrangements are duly and promptly made2 that every article designated for use in the division is in order and in place2 that the decks are wet and well sanded2 that the hand-swabs at the guns are wet2 and that any small arms that may be distributed among the men of his division are properly loaded at the time directed by the ,captain4 #ada4 ,in action he will cause the wounded of his division to be promptly and properly conveyed to the ,surgeon1 but will see that no man leaves his quarters on pretence of assisting the wounded4 ,four men1 aids to wounded1 should be attached to each ,division of ,guns1 so as not to take men from guns for that purpose4 #adb4 ,on the lower deck of line-of-battle ships1 or the main deck of frigates and spar-deck of single-deck vessels1 he will see the hatchways in the range of his division properly covered by the ,carpenter's crew1 assisted by the handspikemen or compressor-men of the nearest guns1 and the scuttles and whips duly prepared for passing powder1 shot1 and shells4 #adc4 ,he will be particularly careful to prevent the men from loading the guns improperly1 or otherwise than may be specially ordered1 and will prevent any unnecessary noise4 #add4 ,he will see that the guns are very carefully pointed and properly aimed2 that there is no firing until correct sight can be obtained1 as random firing is not only a waste of ammunition1 but it encourages an enemy1 when he sees shot and shell falling harmlessly about and beyond him4 ,he will carefully impress upon the ,captains of guns that there is no excuse for several successive bad shots1 as observation of the first or second will surely indicate an erroneous estimate of distance1 and afford means of correcting it4 ,accuracy of fire is to be encouraged rather than rapidity4 ,it is essential to rapidity and accuracy of fire1 particularly on covered decks1 that the ,division ,officers shall keep the ,gun ,captains constantly advised of the position and distance of the object4 #ade4 ,he will also take care to prevent confusion at the powder-scuttles in the range of his division1 and that all orders which require to be repeated are duly passed4 ,in case of accident to the ,powder-passers1 he will promptly supply their places by such men as can be best spared from his division4 #adf4 ,he will take care that each gun in his division is provided with all the ,equipments and ,implements prescribed for its use2 and that the spare articles which may be required in his division in action are in place4--7,article #adh47 #adg4 ,he will report to the ,executive ,officer when all preparations have been made for action2 and also after action and exercise1 when the guns have been properly secured1 and the stores and implements belonging to his division have been returned to their places4 ,,equipments ,,and ,,implements4 #adh4 ,those for broadside-guns1 whether mounted on two or four truck carriages1 or on slides1 are to be as follows1 viz43 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,articles ,,for ,,each ,,gun4 ,,where ,,they ,,are ,,to ,,be ,,put ,,when ,,the ,,gun ,,is ,,secured4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,carriage complete1 with bed and quoin1 or elevating screw ,at its port4 ,breeching with shackle-bolts and pins ,at the gun4 ,compressors and levers1 pivot-bolt and housing-chock1 for ,friction ,carriages ,at the gun4 ,two side-tackles ,hooked to the securing-bolts on each side of the port and to the carriage4 ,one train-tackle ,hooked to the securing-bolts in the side1 with the parts of the fall round the breech of the gun4 ,two handspikes#a ,resting on the bed-bolt1 in-board ends secured by beckets4 ,one tompion with lanyard and wad ,in the muzzle of the gun4 ,one sponge and cap#b ,on the beam or carling over the right side of the gun 7on movable brackets74 ,one rammer#b ,on the beam or carling over the left side of the gun 7on movable brackets74 ,one lock with string and vent-plug complete ,in place on the gun4 ,one breech-sight with cover ,in place on the gun4 ,one reinforce-sight with cover ,in place on the gun4 ,one priming-wire and one boring-bit1 ,inside of the brackets of the with beckets for the wrist carriage1 near the breech4 ,one fire-bucket with lanyard ,on gun-decks1 close to the side1 near the beam over the gun2 on spar-decks1 round the capstan and the boats forward4 ,one bucket of prepared grease or oil for rifle cannon ,on the breast-piece4 ,one battle-lantern1 with candle or lamp trimmed and primed1 but provided for gun-decks only2 none ,in the fire-buckets4 ,the candle in for spar-decks supply box4 ,battle-axes 7as prescribed according to the number of men at gun74-- ,see ,art4 #aja ,inside of the brackets4 ,one hand-swab ,on the breast-piece of the carriage4 ,one deck-bucket and large swab ,to be kept in the hold until wanted4 ,two chocking-quoins for ,when not in use1 between the truck-carriages brackets and the bed4 ,two lanyards for each half port ,in place4 ,lanyards1 chain pendents1 runners and tackles for tricing up1 and bars and keys for securing lower deck ports ,in place4 ,ten shot for shot-guns ,in racks round hatches nearest the gun4 ,for shell-guns1 one shell in its box ,between the trucks on the left side of the gun4 ,ten selvagee wads for shot and shell ,on the breast-piece of the carriage1 guns strung on a pin4 ,two housing-chocks for lower deck ,placed before the front trucks guns when the gun is run in for housing4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- #adi4 ,he will also assure himself that the following articles1 which may be required1 are in readiness in his division1 and prepared for use1 namely3 ,one rattle for calling ,boarders2 one division-tub for fresh water2 one spare bed and quoin for carriages requiring them2 two spare gun-trucks2 four spare handspikes2 one worm2 one scraper2 one bristle sponge for cleaning guns2 two spare breechings2 four swabs1 and1 if any of the guns be on slides1 a spare pivot-bolt4 ,of these articles the worm1 scraper1 sponge1 and spare breechings#c are to be becketed up between the beams and carlings on the gun-decks as far as practicable1 and those which cannot be so placed will be kept at hand in the storeroom or other convenient place4 ,a ladle is supplied for each calibre on board1 and will be kept ready in such place as may be designated by the ,executive ,officer4 ,the above allowance of articles designated as spare1 including worm1 scraper1 sponge1 and swabs1 is upon the supposition that each division is composed of five guns and their opposites4 ,in case the number of guns should be either more or less1 the articles will be increased or diminished proportionally to the nearest whole number4 #aej4 ,he will take care that the ,quarter ,gunners of his division keep the two division-boxes marked supply and reserve constantly provided with the following articles1 all in good order1 viz43 ,the ,supply box with a waist-belt for each ,boarder1 ,pikeman1 ,fireman1 ,sail-trimmer1 and ,pumpman2 a primed candle for each battle-lantern2 a thumbstall and vent-guard for the #ast and #b;d ,captains of each gun4 ,the belts of ,boarders to be furnished with a frog for a pistol1 with its cartridges and percussion-caps2 those of #ast and #b;d ,captains of guns with a box containing fifty primers fitted to slip on the waist-belt4 ,those for ,firemen1 ,sail-trimmers1 and ,pumpmen to have each a frog for the battle-axe4 ,the ,reserve box with one drill-brace2 three vent-drills2 one vent-punch2 two gun-locks and strings complete2 a flask of priming-powder2 two boring-bits2 three priming-wires2 eight thumbstalls2 four boxes of percussion-primers2 one box of friction-primers2 one spare lock-string for each gun1 and one fuze-wrench2 a shackle-punch and pin1 and some rags for wiping4 ,these boxes are to be placed by the ,quarter ,gunners in their respective divisions1 near the mast1 and on the opposite side to that engaged4 ,in vessels of the class of ,frigates and upward1 these boxes are to be1 on covered decks1 kept in their several divisions and secured overhead4 ,on spar-decks they are to be kept under the break of the poop and the topgallant forecastle1 and1 in vessels having neither poop nor topgallant forecastle1 between the beams on the berth-deck4 ,they will be kept under lock and key4 #aea4 ,he will see that such men of the divisions1 and others who are appointed for the purpose1 obtain the requisite number of tourniquets1 and distribute them to the men selected to use them4 7,see ,article #aci47 ,,broadside ,,guns4 ,,stations ,,and ,,gun-,,numbers4 #aeb4 ,the following are to be the gun-numbers and stations for a gun's crew composed of sixteen ,men and a ,powderman1 when working broadside-guns on lower decks2 on other decks #ae and #af are #c;d and #dth ,side-,tacklemen4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,left ,,side4 ,,gun-,,nos4 ,,right ,,side4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,first ,loader4 #c #d ,first ,sponger4 ,second ,loader4 #e #f ,second ,sponger4 ,first ,shellman4 #g #h ,second ,shellman4 ,first ,handspikeman4 #i #aj ,second ,handspikeman4 ,first ,side-,tackleman4 #ac #ad ,second ,side-,tackleman4 ,first ,port-,tackleman4 #ae #af ,second ,port-,tackleman4 ,first ,train-,tackleman4 #aa #ab ,second ,train-,tackleman4 ,first ,captain4 #a #b ,second ,captain4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,powderman near the midships1 and on the left of the gun4 ,for a gun's crew of fourteen men and a ,powder-boy1 or of twelve men1 the higher numbers are those to be omitted1 and the stations and duties of all the others remain unchanged4 ,with a gun's crew of ten men1 all the numbers continue with the same stations and duties excepting ,no4 #aj1 who becomes ,train-,tackleman1 and the #b;d ,captain handles the handspike4 ,with a gun's crew of eight men1 numbers from #a to #g inclusive retain the same stations and duties2 ,no4 #b will1 in addition to his duties as #b;d ,captain1 also attend to the handspike1 and ,no4 #h becomes ,train-,tackleman4 ,with a gun's crew of six men1 all the numbers retain the same stations and duties1 excepting that ,no4 #e also acts as ,shotman1 and ,no4 #b attends to the handspike and train-tackle in addition to the duties of #b;d ,captain4 #aec4 ,this arrangement exhibits the gun's crew placed as the men should stand when first assembled at quarters1 either for inspection or any ordinary exercise4 ,it is intended that the men are then to stand parallel with the gun1 and facing in-board4 ,,calls ,,for ,,assembling ,,at ,,quarters4 #aed4 ,,beats ,,of ,,drum4 #ast4 ,,the ,,ordinary ,,beat will be the call for ,,inspection at general quarters4 #b;d4 ,the ,,ordinary ,,beat1 preceded by ,,one ,,roll--,,exercise at general quarters1 without powder4 #c;d4 ,the ,,beat ,,quick--,,action2 or ,,exercise at general quarters with powder1 as though engaged in ,,battle4 #dth4 ,,when ,,at ,,quarters1 a roll of the drum will be a signal for ,,silence ,,and ,,attention6 ,all firing or other noise will immediately cease1 and the next order be awaited in perfect silence4 ,it is of the utmost importance to impress this upon the officers and crew4 #eth4 ,when the ,captain is satisfied that his order has been delivered and understood1 he will order ,,two ,,taps to be beaten1 as a signal for the ,,execution ,,of ,,the ,,order4 ,the roll and the taps to be given sharply and distinctly4 #aee4 ,on assembling at quarters for inspection or general exercise1 unless directed otherwise1 in port1 the men are first to go to the starboard guns on the spar-deck1 the port guns on the main deck1 the starboard guns on the next deck below1 and so on4 ,at sea they are first to go to the weather guns1 or1 if the ship be dead before the wind1 to the same sides as in port4 #aef4 ,when assembled for inspection1 besides seeing that all the guns and articles belonging to them are in order and in place1 it is directed that the men1 without arms or implements1 or casting loose the guns1 shall be frequently called away and mustered in their stations as ,boarders1 ,pikemen1 ,sail-trimmers1 and ,firemen2 and also practised in shifting from one side to the other1 and in taking their places for fighting both sides at once4 #aeg4 ,on assembling for exercise at general quarters without powder1 after the men have been mustered and the divisional reports made1 the order will be given3 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 ,then the starboard watch will provide and cast loose the odd-numbered guns1 and the port watch will provide and cast loose the even-numbered guns4 ,the #ast parts of guns' crews on the starboard side providing and casting loose the starboard1 and the #b;d parts the port guns4 ,the #ast parts of guns' crews on the port side the port1 and the #b;d parts the starboard guns4 ,in securing guns the same order of distributing the men is to be observed4 ,when both these services of providing and casting loose have been performed1 and the luffs choked or hitched and trucks chocked1 the men are all to return to the guns at which they were mustered1 and1 taking their places1 await in silence further orders1 if not already given4 #aeh4 ,when assembled for exercise as though actually engaged in battle1 besides what is prescribed for an exercise at general quarters without powder1 the further preparations indicated hereafter will be made4 ,the guns' crews will proceed at once to provide and cast loose both sides without waiting to be mustered1 or for any further orders4 #aei4 ,the call for ,,boarders to repair to the spar-deck will be by the rattle and verbal order1 repeated by the ,officer of each division of guns4 ,they should be trained to form promptly on the opposite side to that engaged1 near the hatch by which they ascend4 ,on the first call or order1 the first division only will repair to the spar-deck1 led by their officers4 ,if the call or order should be repeated before the first division shall have returned to their guns1 the second division will immediately repair to the spar-deck4 #afj4 ,the call for ,,pikemen to repel boarders will be by sounding the ,gong4 ,at this signal all the ,pikemen will assemble on the spar-deck with their muskets4 #afa4 ,,all ,,hands will be summoned to repel boarders 7,see ,article #ib7 by springing the rattles and sounding the gong together1 and by verbal orders4 #afb4 ,,sail-,,trimmers4 ,the particular division that may be wanted at a time will be called by passing the word for it4 #afc4 ,the call for ,,firemen to repair to the spar-deck will be given verbally and by striking the ship's bell rapidly4 ,the rapid ringing of the bell will be the ,,fire-,,alarm at all times1 when the crew will immediately assemble at quarters4 #afd4 ,boarders1 ,pikemen1 and ,sail-trimmers of the spar-deck guns1 or any portion of them1 and of the ,master's division1 as well as the ,marines1 may be ordered from their quarters to perform a particular service1 without any call1 whenever the ,captain may deem proper4 #afe4 ,men called for any of the foregoing duties will1 on reaching the spar-deck1 form on the gangway1 upon the side not engaged with the enemy1 unless otherwise directed at the time4 #aff4 ,when called to quarters1 every person is to repair to his station promptly and without unnecessary noise2 and on the order1 to your quarters1 all will return to their stations in the same manner4 ,,preparations ,,for ,,exercise ,,at ,,general ,,quarters1 ,,without ,,powder4 #afg4 ,sling the topsail yards and gaffs1 and put the preventer braces in place2 distribute fighting stoppers and jiggers2 stopper the clews of the topsails2 get whips on each side of the lower masts for tricing up the pendant tackles1 and also the mast-bands and fishes required for securing a crippled mast4 ,make arrangements for using grapnels2 get hauling-lines ready for sending small arms and ammunition into the tops2 if not on soundings1 haul over boat and boom covers and stop them down2 bring up and stow1 if down1 such hammocks as interfere with the guns1 or are in the way of the powder division2#d haul over and secure the hammock-cloths2 hook and mouse the relieving-tackles2 place the spare tiller and compass at hand2 put the chronometers1 and other instruments of navigation1 out of the reach of shot2 distribute the small arms together with their accoutrements and a supply of filled cartridges1 to the men appointed to use them2 place axes and hatchets at hand on the spar-deck for clearing away incumbrances at guns2 grapnels in mizzen channels with whips to after-davits and spanker-boom end1 to hook up any gear likely to foul the screw4 ,in steam vessels1 topgallant masts and rigging ready to be sent down and all unnecessary gear unrove4 ,if underway and on soundings1 get the boats ready for hoisting out2 the ground-tackle ready for use and keep it clear1 and make every preparation for towing1 warping1 and anchoring with springs on cables2 stopper the chains2 get lights in the light-rooms1 including those of the shell-rooms2 light powder division2 also gun-decks1 if at night1 and it be ordered by the ,captain2 drop magazine screens2 get shot and shell whips1 and buckets or nets1 in place2 rig canvas chutes for returning empty passing-boxes2 remove every obstruction to the free passage of powder2 clear away and open shot-lockers2 see the hatchways of the next deck above the powder division properly covered2 division and fire-tubs in place1 with wet swabs by them1 and at the landing of each line of scuttles through which the passing-boxes pass2 rig main1 force1 and channel pumps and fire-engine1 which fill with water2 get light ,jacob-ladders and slings ready for lowering the ,carpenters outside1 and materials for stopping shot-holes2 take down cabin and other bulkheads1 when directed1 and pass them below2 sand the decks2 place a bucket of water and a wet swab in rear of each gun1 and for all rifle-guns a bucket of oil or prepared grease2 have spare breechings at hand2 rope ladders for hatchways in place2 a bag1 to be supplied from one reserve-box1 containing a flask of priming-powder and the following spare articles3 two locks1 four lock-strings1 eight thumbstalls1 two boring-bits1 two priming-wires1 a shackle-punch and pins and some old rags1 to be slung round the neck of the ,quarter ,gunner of each division of guns2 rammers and sponges placed1 and the latter uncapped2 one worm in place1 on each side of the deck1 for each division1 and a ladle at hand for each calibre on board2 pistols1 in frogs furnished with cartridges and caps1 and cutlasses and battle-axes1 belted round the respective persons designated to wear them2 marines accoutred and under arms1 and distributed as the ,captain may direct2 tourniquets to be distributed as may be judged necessary4 7,see ,articles #aci and #aea47 ,,preparations ,,for ,,exercise ,,at ,,general ,,quarters1 ,,with ,,powder1 ,,as ,,though ,,engaged ,,in ,,battle4 #afh4 ,crew cast loose the guns2 shell-rooms and magazine are opened2 powder and shells passed up1 and every thing ready for firing1 the order for which is awaited4 ,if the beat is followed by orders from the quarter-deck to fire1 then this is performed as soon as each gun is ready4 ,in this case1 besides what has just been prescribed for a ,general ,exercise without powder1 the following further preparations will be made3 ,put out galley fire and all unauthorized lights2 light match and place it in manger2 open magazines and powder-tanks1 and also shell-rooms1 when ordered2 close and secure air-ports2 fill division and fire tubs with fresh water2 place cans of fresh water and wet swabs in magazines and shell-rooms2 light up the cockpit1 or other place1 for the wounded2 place mattresses1 and if there be room1 sling spare cots2 get ready the amputating-table1 instruments1 bandages1 lint1 medicines2 have a plentiful supply of fresh water and swabs1 and sprinkle the decks4 ,make a particular examination of all the arrangements for extinguishing fire2 see that force-pumps and hose are in good order1 and the men stationed at them in their places4 ,speed being one of the principal elements of military force1 steamers will1 on going into action1 have all the furnaces clean1 and the fires in condition to make steam rapidly4 ,the beat to quarters for action is therefore a signal to start fires in any furnaces not in use4 ,,providing ,,broadside-,,guns4 #afi4 ,when the exercise of broadside-guns is to be confined to one side only1 each gun's crew is to provide its own gun1 on the side at which it is ordered to assemble1 as follows3 but when the guns on both sides are to be exercised at once1 each part of a gun's crew is to provide its own gun2 each ,captain1 ,loader1 ,sponger1 c41 doing separately what is done by both himself and his second when the exercise is confined to one side only4 #agj4 ,captains of guns to provide themselves with percussion-primers1 thumbstalls1 and priming-wire1 and to see that the men of their respective parts of the gun's crew discharge their several duties promptly and carefully4 #aga4 ,spongers provide sponges and rammers4 #agb4 ,loaders provide a bucket of water and a wet swab2 and1 for rifle cannon1 a pot of oil or prepared grease4 #agc4 ,shell or shotmen provide a sufficient supply of selvagee and six junk-wads1 and supply the racks around the hatchways with shot from the lockers as required4 #agd4 ,handspikemen see the handspikes in place1 and then assist in getting up shot for the guns2 and1 if necessary1 in covering hatchways in the division4 #age4 ,the ,powderman or ,boy is to provide an empty passing-box1 if no powder is to be used2 otherwise he is to present himself at the appointed place to receive a full one4 #agf4 ,the ,fireman is to take down the fire-bucket1 and place it and the battle-lantern in their appointed places4 ,on gun-decks the lantern should be hung up at the ship's side1 or in rear of and between the guns1 as may be directed1 and lighted when ordered by the ,captain1 and the fire-bucket directly in rear of the gun4 ,on spar-decks the bucket may be laid on the deck1 or hung up in any convenient place in rear of and near the gun4 #agg4 ,side-tacklemen provide sand and water1 and sprinkle and sand the decks1 if directed2 and get bucket and swab from the hold1 fill the bucket with water1 wet the sponge and the swab1 and lay it on deck under the sponge4 #agh4 ,quarter ,gunners of divisions1 besides equipping themselves1 as already directed 7,article #afg71 with a bag of spare implements1 will attend to the ,supply and ,reserve boxes of their divisions 7,see ,article #aej71 and distribute the belts1 primer-boxes1 and other articles which they contain1 to the guns' crews1 as soon as practicable1 and then keep themselves ready to furnish any reserved or spare articles which may be required1 such as spare breechings1 ladles1 and worms1 and will see the battle-lanterns provided with candles with primed wicks1 ready for lighting when ordered by the ,captain4 #agi4 ,the swords and pistols should be always available for the ,boarders1 at the shortest notice2 but their particular disposition at quarters1 and at what time the pistols shall be loaded1 will be determined by the ,captain1 as in his judgment circumstances at the time may require4 ,pistols should be loaded1 on the probability of action1 without further orders4 ,illustration3 7,,steamer ,,pompanoosuc ,,class47 ,passing ,powder ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,c4,k4 ,stellwagen1 del4 ,,arrangements ,,for ,,delivering ,,and ,,distributing ,,powder4 #ahj4 ,in making arrangements to deliver and distribute powder from the magazines1 for action1 the following general considerations and rules should govern3 #aha4 ,cartridges1 as experience proves1 can be passed up each independent chain of scuttles leading from the magazine to the point at which the ,powder-boys are to receive the full boxes1 at the rate of one every six or seven seconds4 #ahb4 ,experience also proves that1 under the most favorable circumstances1 the broadside-guns of a man-of-war cannot be advantageously fired oftener than once in every seventy-five seconds4 ,hence it may be received as a rule1 that a single chain of passing-scuttles is abundantly sufficient to supply powder for a division of guns as large even as eight of a side2 and that it is also sufficient when both sides of such a division are to be used at once1 for then the firing of each piece is unavoidably retarded by the division of the guns' crews4 #ahc4 ,no one chain of scuttles should be required to supply cartridges for more than a single description of guns1#e unless their cartridges be the same in diameter1 weight1 and form1 and their passing-boxes alike1 as in the case of the #h-;inch shell-gun of #fc cwt4 and the #cb-pounder of #eg cwt4 ,if1 therefore1 there be on a deck of guns but one differing from the rest in calibre1 class1 or assimilation of cartridges1 that one should have a separate chain of scuttles for its supply1 in order to guard effectually against confusion1 or1 at least1 delay4 ,in a word1 each additional calibre or class of guns1 unless the cartridges be assimilated and the passing-boxes alike1 involves an additional chain of passing-scuttles for its supply2 and it should be borne in mind that errors with respect to cartridges of guns of the same calibre1 but differing in class1 are more to be apprehended than with guns differing only in calibre4 #ahd4 ,if the guns on a deck be all of the same calibre and class1 or of like cartridges and passing-boxes1 then one chain of scuttles to supply the forward half of those guns1 and another to supply the after half1 will be all-sufficient4 #ahe4 ,for each chain of passing-scuttles there will probably have to be-- ,one man in the magazine to deliver charges from the tanks4 ,one man in the passage to receive and pass those charges through the scuttle in the orlop or berth deck4 ,one man at the passage-scuttle on the orlop or berth deck1 to receive the charges and pass them to the screen4 ,one man just outside of the screen1 to receive the charges through a flapped hole therein1 and put them in the empty passing-boxes4 ,one1 two1 or three ,runner-boys 7according to the distance7 to run1 on the orlop or berth deck1 with full passing-boxes1 from the screen to the scuttles through the deck1 and back again with the empty boxes to the screen4 ,one man1 a very careful one1 at the bottom of the canvas chute1 to receive the empty passing-boxes1 strike them1 in an inverted position1 over the fire-tub1 and inspect them carefully before allowing them to be taken away to be replenished4 ,one man1 on the orlop or berth deck1 at the passing-scuttle through the deck above1 to pass up full boxes4 ,one man at the passing-scuttle on the next deck above the orlop or berth deck1 to receive and pass up full boxes1 or1 in the case of a single-deck vessel1 or of distribution on the main deck of a frigate1 or on the lower deck of a ship-of-the-line1 to receive and deliver them to ,powder-boys4 ,one man at the passing-scuttle on the second deck above the orlop or berth deck1 to receive and pass up full boxes2 or1 in the case of a frigate1 or distribution on the main deck of a ship-of-the-line of two decks1 to receive and deliver them to ,powder-boys4 ,and one man at the passing-scuttle on the third deck above the orlop1 to receive and deliver full boxes to ,powder-boys on the spar-deck of a ship-of-the-line of two decks4 ,thus each chain of scuttles will require-- ,seven men to supply its guns on the first deck above2 as1 for example1 the lower deck of a ship-of-the-line1 the main deck of a frigate1 or the spar-deck of a sloop-of-war1 or other single-deck vessel4 ,eight men for the spar-deck of a frigate1 for the main deck of a ship-of-the-line of two decks1 or for the middle gun-deck of a ship-of-the-line of three decks4 ,nine men for the spar-deck of a ship-of-the-line of two decks1 or for the main deck of a ship-of-the line of three decks4 ,and ten men for the spar-deck of a ship-of-the-line of three decks4 ,besides1 each of these numbers--#g1 #h1 #i1 and #aj--;is to be increased by two or three ,runner-boys1 for the purposes above described4 #ahf4 ,in vessels of and above the class of frigates1 or having two magazines--one forward and the other aft--the forward half of the guns on each deck is to be supplied from the forward magazine1 and the after half from the after magazine4 ,thus1 for each deck of guns1 one scuttle at each of the two magazines1 together with its corresponding chain of scuttles1 will be sufficient1 if all the guns be of the same calibre and class1 or have like charges4 ,but the introduction on board of any vessel of guns differing in either of these respects will involve the necessity above stated of a separate scuttle of delivery at the magazine1 and also of a distinct chain of scuttles connected with it1 for the exclusive supply of each variety of charges that may be introduced4 ,in this case1 the exceptional guns should be supplied1 whenever practicable1 from the larger magazine1 when there are two differing in size4 #ahg4 ,in single-deck vessels carrying more than sixteen guns1 all of the same calibre and class1 and having but one magazine1 two scuttles at that magazine will be sufficient--one to supply the forward half of guns1 and the other the after half4 #ahh4 ,in single-deck vessels carrying only sixteen guns1 or less1 all of the same calibre and class1 or having like charges1 one scuttle at the magazine will suffice4 #ahi4 ,should any single-deck vessel be of such great length1 or so remarkable in her armament of guns1 although all of the same calibre and class1 as to render additional scuttles advisable1 they are to be cut4 ,,passing-,,scuttles4 #aij4 ,all the powder is to be passed up from the orlop or berth deck through circular scuttles1 cut in the deck or decks at places1 as nearly as circumstances will permit1 immediately abreast of the middle of the particular set of guns to the supply of which each chain of scuttles is specially appropriated4 ,besides these scuttles for passing the powder up1 there are to be corresponding ones for each set1 provided with a canvas chute for returning the empty boxes below4 ,the drawing shows the manner of supplying an upper deck and returning the empty boxes from it4 ,each deck is to be supplied in like manner1 by a distinct and separate arrangement1 through as many independent sets of scuttles as may be required by the preceding ,arrangements for delivering and distributing powder4 #aia4 ,each scuttle is to have a tompion or other means of closing it1 so as to be water-tight when not in use1 and to be so placed or regulated in height as not to interfere with the transportation of guns4 #aib4 ,should any serious difficulty arise in finding places for cutting any of the different sets of scuttles through the decks1 or in the cases of small or very wet vessels1 recourse may be had to the gratings of the hatchways4 ,still1 they are always to be cut through the decks whenever it can be done with propriety4 #aic4 ,for each scuttle at the magazine for the delivery of powder there must be a corresponding flap-hole in the magazine screen1 and this is to be regarded as a part of the chain of supply equally with the scuttle itself4 #aid4 ,when on board ship there are any guns of the same calibre and class1 or of assimilated charges1 carried on two consecutive decks1 all of them may be supplied by the same chain of scuttles1 provided the whole number of guns thus made to depend upon this chain does not exceed eight of a side4 ,for instance1 under the circumstances stated1 the chase1 or a few shell or other guns on a spar-deck1 may be supplied by a chain of scuttles intended principally for the main-deck guns2 or1 the shell-guns on a main deck being few1 may be supplied by a chain intended principally for the deck below4 #aie4 ,in delivering cartridges from the magazines for serving guns1 they are to be passed up from the magazine to the orlop or berth deck before they are put into the passing-boxes1 which1 in time of action1 or when exercising with powder1 after being once taken out of the magazine1 are not1 on any account1 to be allowed to go into it again1 or even inside of the screen1 during the whole time of such action or exercise4 ,they are to be replenished at the screen1 but outside of it4 #aif4 ,all passing-boxes shall be painted black1 with the calibre and charge painted in white letters1 two and one-half inches 7#b-a_/b7 long on the side1 and one and a half 7#a-a_/b7 on the top4 #aig4 ,if1 however1 there are any guns of the same calibre on spar-decks requiring lighter charges1 the lower half of the box shall be painted white4 ,for gun-decks in similar case the lower half shall be painted red4 #aih4 ,empty passing-boxes returned by the chutes are always to be landed upon wet swabs1 and then to be turned upside down1 and so struck over a fire-tub1 as before directed1 to free them from any loose powder4 #aii4 ,one fire-tub1 nearly filled with water1 is to be placed on the deck1 alongside the bottom of each chute for returning empty boxes4 ,the top of this tub is to be provided with a stout hoop to ship and unship1 with a grating of stout copper wire1 the meshes of which are to be made small enough to prevent the passing-box from falling into the water1 in case of slipping from the man's hand while being struck over the tub4 ,,shot ,,and ,,shell4 #bjj4 ,shot and shell are to be passed up by hand1 or whipped up1 by the most convenient hatchways4 ,the hands stationed below at the lockers are to work the whips1 each of which1 being fitted with a toggle1 will indicate when the projectiles are hoisted high enough4 ,in case a shot-locker should be somewhat removed from the hatchway1 up which the shot are to be passed or whipped1 the shot may be speedily conveyed over the distance by means of a wooden trough fitted for the purpose4 ,,hatchway ,,for ,,the ,,wounded4 #bja4 ,one hatchway1 or portion of a hatchway1 and that as nearly amidships as possible1 is to be reserved for lowering the wounded below1 and to be properly provided with a cot or cots1 having a whip to each4 ,illustration3 ,,naval ,,truck ,,carriage ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,naval ,,gun-,,carriages4 #bjb4 ,all gun-carriages and their equipments are to be made in conformity with directions from the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,,nomenclature ,,of ,,ordinary ,,naval ,,truck-,,carriage4 ,,wooden ,,parts4 ,carriage4 ,a4 ,brackets of large truck-carriages are made each of two pieces1 joined by a jog a1 and dowelled4 ,the remaining parts of the brackets are the trunnion-holes b1 steps c1 quarter-rounds d1 and arch e4 ,b4 ,transom1 let into brackets4 ,c4 ,breast-piece1 in two parts--the inner part fixed1 by two bolts1 into transom2 the outer part movable1 connected by hinges4 ,d4 ,front and rear axletrees1 consisting each of square body f1 and arms g1 jogged into brackets4 ,e4 ,front and rear trucks4 ,f4 ,dumb trucks4 ,g4 ,bed and stool4 ,h4 ,quoin4 ,implements4 ,i4 ,handspikes4 ,k4 ,chocking-quoin4 ,,metal ,,parts4 ,carriage4 #a4 ,two cap-squares4 #b4 ,four cap-square bolts and two keys and chains4 #c4 ,two bracket-bolts4 #d4 ,two rear axletree-bolts4 #e4 ,two side-tackle eye-bolts4 #f4 ,one train-tackle eye-bolt4 #g4 ,one transporting eye-bolt4 #h4 ,two breast-bolts4 #i4 ,two hinges of breast-pieces4 #aj4 ,two transom-bolts 7upper and lower74 #aa4 ,two breeching side-shackles and pins4 #ab4 ,bed-bolt4 #ac4 ,four axletree bands4 #ad4 ,chafing-plates of steps and brackets4 #ae4 ,four linchpins and washers4 #af4 ,quoin-plate and stop4 #ag4 ,ratchet for quoin-stop4 #ah4 ,four training loops4 #ai4 ,breeching-thimble 7cast iron74 #bj4 ,side-shackle bolts for breechings4 #ba4 ,shackle-pin1 plates1 and keys4 #bb4 ,two axle-stays4 #bc4 ,handspike-shoe4 ,,of ,,parts ,,peculiar ,,to ,,marsilly ,,carriage4 ,a4 ,the lowest piece of the bracket1 in place of the rear truck of ordinary carriages4 ,b4 ,rear transom1 in place of rear axle4 ,c4 ,breast-piece 7fixed74 ,d4 ,e4 ,sweep-pieces4 ,d4 ,fixed below the port-sill ,e4 ,movable1 with brass catches 7f f7 and hooks and eyes 7g g74 ,h4 ,elevating screw and lever1 with saucer 7,i7 in place of bed and quoin4 ,k4 ,roller handspike4 ,l4 ,loop for handspike4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,marsilly carriages require a roller handspike each4 #b ,the rammers and sponges belonging to the broadside-guns of spar-deck divisions of all ships having topgallant forecastles1 or other light decks1 may be kept under the forecastle or light deck when not in use4 ,in ships not provided with these decks they are to be kept at the guns inside the brackets2 or1 if that cannot be done1 triced up overhead on the next deck below4 #c ,the spare breechings should never be stowed near the galley nor ,engine-room1 lest they be damaged by heat and moisture4 #d ,the ,executive ,officer of the ship should appoint a sufficient number of men in each watch for the purpose of stowing the hammocks of the watch below in case of being called to quarters in the night1 so as to prevent confusion and insure the greatest possible dispatch in clearing for action4 #e ,see ,table of ,charges for ,great ,guns4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,manual ,,exercise4 ,,exercise ,,of ,,broadside-,,guns1 ,,on ,,one ,,side ,,only4#f ,,ix-,,inch ,,shell-,,gun 7as an example74 #bjc4 ,,words ,,of ,,command4 ,i4 ,,silence6 ,,man ,,the ,,starboard 7,,or ,,port7 ,,guns6 ,,ii4 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 ,,iii4 ,,run ,,in6 7preparatory74 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,v4 ,,load6 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 ,,viii4 ,,point6 ,,ix4 ,,ready--,,fire6 ,x4 ,,secure6 ,it is customary to keep the guns of the ,battery loaded at sea2 it has been found that the fire of a ship could be commenced in three minutes from the beat of drum1 the guns being secured for sea1 and no notice of what was contemplated announced to men or officers save by the signal for quarters4 ,this form of exercise therefore proceeds on the assumption that the cannon are not loaded1 but the order of the commands may be varied to suit the circumstances of the case4 #bjd4 ,guns should never remain loaded longer than necessary1 as the cartridge speedily deteriorates by the effects of moisture4 ,if a shell has been loaded twenty-four hours it should be drawn and refuzed4 ,illustration3 ,,marsilly ,,carriage ,,for ,,ix4 ,,inch ,,shell ,,gun ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,i4 ,,silence6 ,,man ,,the ,,starboard 7,,or ,,port7 ,,guns6 #bje4 ,at this preparatory order the strictest silence is to be observed4 ,the ,captain faces the port1 the men1 on the right and left1 stand facing the gun2 all fix their eyes on the ,captain and attentively wait for orders4 ,,ii4 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 #bjf4 ,the ,,gun ,,captain commands1 sees his gun cleared and cast loose1 portlid unbarred ready for tricing up1 or half ports taken out2 side and train tackles hooked1 the side-tackle to the side training-bolt1 and the train-tackle to the eye-bolt in the deck in the rear of the gun2 casts loose and middles breeching and places selvagee straps and toggles amidships2 takes off lock-cover1 and hands it to the train-tackleman1 who places it amidships2 buckles on his waist-belt 7furnished as directed in ,article #aej72 provides himself with a priming-wire2 puts on and secures his thumbstall2 and sees that the gear and implements for the service of the gun are all in place and ready for use1 and that the men are properly equipped4 ,when the gun is ready for action he sees that the men take their proper positions1 and reports to the ,officer of the subdivision to which he belongs4 ,it is important that the battery shall be completely provided at every exercise1 otherwise something is sure to be omitted in preparing for action4 #bjg4 #b;,d ,,captain assists in casting loose and middling breeching2 takes off and places amidships sight-covers1 selvagee straps1 and toggles2 handles quoin2 provides thumbstalls1 priming-wires1 and boring-bit1 and equips himself with the first two2 clears lock-string and lays it in a loose coil round the lock1 convenient for use1 and buckles on his waist-belt furnished as #ast ,captain's4 ,if the gun is furnished with an elevating screw1 elevates the gun1 that the lower half port may be let down4 #bjh4 #a,,st ,,loader1 aided by #ast ,sponger1 casts loose port-lanyards1 removes upper half port1 and passes it to the men on the left side of the gun1 who lay it amidships2 lets down the lower half port4 ,on lower deck casts off port-lanyards and muzzle-lashing2 removes port-bar and passes it to the men at the left side of the gun1 who lay it amidships2 bears out port4 ,on all decks places hand-swab and chocking-quoin near the ship's side on the left side of the gun2 aids #ast ,sponger in taking out tompion4 #bji4 #b;,d ,,loader assists in casting loose2 sees the wads in place1 and for rifle cannon a pot of grease at hand2 hooks outer block of side-tackle to side training-bolt1 on the left side of the gun4 #baj4 #a,,st ,,sponger casts loose port-lanyards and aids #ast ,loader in removing upper half ports and letting down lower ones1 and on lower decks in removing the port-bar1 bearing out the port and taking off the muzzle-lashings2 takes out tompion1 and passes it to #b;d ,sponger1 who hangs it amidships2 places chocking-quoin on the right side of the gun1 near the ship's side4 #baa4 #b;,d ,,sponger assists in casting loose2 hooks outer block of side-tackle to the side training-bolt1 on the right side of the gun4 ,the ,spongers take down the sponges and rammers2 take off the sponge-cap and hang it up out of the way2 place sponges and rammers together1 on the right side of the gun1 heads toward the breech1 in the brackets overhead on covered decks1 otherwise on deck4 ,the ,,side-,,tacklemen assist in casting loose2 on lower decks1 aid ,port-tacklemen2 moisten the sponge1 being certain that the end of the sponge which touches the bottom of the bore is thoroughly wet4 #bab4 ,,shellmen assist in casting loose1 provide shot and wads1 and proceed to hatchway1 ready to pass loaded shell1 if ordered4 #bac4 ,,train-,,tacklemen lead out and hook train-tackle4 #bad4 ,,handspikemen take out the handspikes on their respective sides1 and with carriages using a quoin1 each standing between his handspike and the side of the ship1 place the heels of their handspikes on the steps of the carriage and under the breech of the gun1 and raise it so that the quoin may be eased and the lower half port let down1 or1 when housed1 the bed and quoin adjusted4 ,then each ,handspikeman will lay his handspike on deck1 on his own side of the gun1 parallel with its axis1 clear of the trucks and butt to the rear4 #bae4 ,,powder-,,boy repairs to his proper scuttle for his passing-box1 which having received he returns and stands a little to the left and in rear of the gun1 keeping the passing-box under his left arm and the cover closely pressed down with his right hand4 #baf4 ,when there are fourteen or more men at a gun1 the ,,port-,,tacklemen and ,,side-,,tacklemen1 on lower decks1 lead out port-tackle falls and assist in tricing up the port1 and1 when high enough1 belay the fall4 #bag4 ,in the temporary absence of the first ,captains1 ,loaders1 or ,spongers1 when at quarters on one side1 their ,seconds will take their places and perform their respective duties4 ,when exercising by divisions1 or single gun's crews1 every station should be filled2 if necessary1 taking men from the ,master's or ,powder division to fill vacancies4 ,the guns will be sufficiently exercised in working with reduced crews at general quarters4 #bah4 ,with a gun's crew of ten or more men1 ,no4 #g will take the place of ,no4 #e1 and ,no4 #h of ,no4 #f1 when ,nos4 #e or #f are absent temporarily4 ,illustration3 ,,run-,,in4 ,diagram ,no4 #b4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,sponge-,,load ,diagram ,no4 #b4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,iii4 ,,run ,,in6 7preparatory74 7,diagram ,no4 #a47 #bai4 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af 7and1 if necessary1 #e1 #f71 man the ,train-tackle4 #b;d ,captain ships and works ,roller ,handspike4 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 overhaul or tend the ,side-tackles4 ,the gun having been run in1 ,no4 #ab chokes luff of ,train-tackle1 assisted1 if there is much motion1 by ,no4 #aa4 ,nos4 #c1 #d place ,truck-quoins in front of ,trucks4 ,no4 #f1 with back square to gun1 and facing over left shoulder to ,sponger1 takes up the ,sponge1 head in-board1 and stands ready to hand it to #d4 ,no4 #h1 facing to the gun1 and outside of #f1 does the same with the ,rammer4 ,the rest of the men go to their stations4 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6#g 7,diagram ,no4 #b47 #bbj4 ,gun ,captain serves and then stops the ,vent4 ,no4 #d receives the moist ,sponge from #c1 right hand over1 left under1 sends it home1 and1 assisted by #c1 presses it to bottom of bore2 then1 turning it round two or three times1 from left to right1 in the direction which is needed to have the worm take1 withdraws it1 and1 when out1 strikes the staff several smart taps under the muzzle1 then hands it back to #f1 who lays it on the deck or lodges it overhead on the hooks1 if they are provided4 ,no4 #aj examines and clears sponge-head and worm4 ,after the ,sponge is withdrawn1 ,gun ,captain serves the vent with his priming-wire and again closes it4 ,no4 #h hands ,rammer to #d as soon as the ,sponge is taken from him by #f4 ,should #d observe that the ,gun ,captain neglected to serve the vent1 he is to call his attention to it4 ,no4 #c stands ready with ,charge he has taken from ,powderman4 ,no4 #e1 assisted by ,shellman1 opens ,shell-box1 disengages the ,shell1 and has it in readiness to pass to ,no4 #c4 ,v4 ,,load6 7,diagram ,no4 #b47 #bba4 ,no4 #c places ,charge in muzzle1 seam from the ,vent1 small end in1 and pushes it well into the ,bore4 ,no4 #d stands ready with the ,rammer1 enters it into the muzzle1 and pushes the ,charge steadily to the bottom of the ,bore1 which will be shown by the mark on the rammer handle2 #c assists with one hand1 and the charge is on no account to be struck4 ,while #d withdraws the ,rammer1 #c is to receive the ,shell from #e1 lift and enter it1 sabot first1 into muzzle1 fuze out1 as soon as the rammer is clear thereof4 ,as the shell lies just fair with muzzle1 #c removes cap from ,fuze1 which is to be passed along to the ,gun ,captain1 and pushes the ,shell into the ,bore4 ,no4 #d enters ,rammer1 and1 assisted by #c1 pushes in the ,shell until the mark on handle shows it to be in place4 ,it is most strictly forbidden to strike the ,shell with the ,rammer4 ,no4 #f takes ,rammer from #d and lays it down4 ,whilst this has been doing1 the preparation for the next order has been proceeding1 thus3 #b;d ,captain ships ,roller ,handspike4 ,nos4 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae1--h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af take hold of ,side-tackles2 ,gun ,captain feels if ,vent is clear1 and ,charge home4 ,action4 7,this is equivalent to the order ,together47 ,nos4 #e1 #f assist at ,side-tackles4 ,nos4 #c1 #d attend ,truck-quoins and keep the ,breeching clear of ,front-trucks4 ,no4 #ab1 assisted in heavy rolling of lee guns by #aa1 prepares to tend ,train-tackle4 ,if necessary with a round turn round all parts of the fall4 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 7,diagram ,no4 #c47 #bbb4 ,the execution of this order is to be controlled by the gun being to windward or to leeward1 and also by the nature of the ,roll4 ,to leeward1 and with much motion1 the cannon will rush out violently unless prevented2 therefore #aa assists #ab at the ,train-tackle2 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae1 and #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af start the gun cautiously4 #b;d ,captain heaves up on ,roller ,handspike1 but is careful to let down the ,carriage if it begins to start out rapidly2 it may even be advisable not to use the ,roller ,handspike at all4 ,nos4 #c1 #d remove ,truck-quoins and tend breeching4 ,action4 ,if to windward1 #b;d ,captain heaves up ,carriage fully on ,roller ,handspike4 ,nos4 #e and #f assist at ,side-tackles4 ,no4 #ab only tends ,train-tackle if the ,roll should need it2 otherwise he overhauls it and assists at ,side-tackles4 ,nos4 #c1 #d remove ,truck-quoins1 and keep ,breeching from fouling the ,front-trucks2 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae1 and #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af set taut the ,side-tackles4 ,illustration3 ,,run ,,out 7,,to ,,leeward7 ,diagram4 ,no4 #c4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,prime-,,point4 ,diagram ,no4 #d4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,when the gun is out the #b;d ,captain swivels the ,roller ,handspike for training1 or removes it altogether if the ,handspike alone be preferred for this operation4 ,nos4 #e1 #f choke and retain hold of luffs of ,side-tackles1 while #c1 #d place ,truck-quoins in rear of trucks1 if the movement of the ship requires it4 ,crew close up2 rear man coils end of fall1 clear for running4 ,if the training is to be sharp1 the proper ,side-tackle will be hooked to the further eye-bolt inside2 #ab unhooks the ,train-tackle1 and hooks it also to the proper eye-bolt in deck4 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 7,diagram ,no4 #d47 #bbc4 ,gun ,captain again makes sure that the ,vent is clear1 and1 in so doing1 lets down his wire quickly into the charge4 ,he inserts a ,primer1 and turns down the ,hammer upon it4 ,meanwhile #i1 #aj take up handspikes1 and place themselves at rear of bracket conveniently to heave forward or aft4 ,in sharp training ,nos4 #ac1 #ad assist them4 ,nos4 #c1 #e1 #g1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae1 and #d1 #f1 #h1 #ab1 #ad1 #af man ,side-tackles4 ,,viii4 ,,point6 7,diagram ,no4 #d47 #bbd4 ,gun ,captain adjusts or verifies ,sliding-,bar of ,rear ,sight to proper distance given by the ,officer of ,division1 and falls back so as to be clear of the recoil1 lanyard in hand1 face to the ,port1 standing directly in the rear of the gun1 with his eye ranging over the sights1 and keeping in view the water-line of the opposing ship1 trains the gun by voice or sign4 ,no4 #f throws back the ,hammer1 and takes hold of lever of ,elevating ,screw4 7,if ,roller ,handspike is not used in training1 #b;d ,captain performs this47 ,at word ,right or ,left1 #c1 #e1 #g1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae1 or #d1 #f1 #h1 #ab1 #ad1 #af haul on the proper ,side-tackle1 and #i1 #aj heave correspondingly on handspikes4 ,nos4 #c and #d keep their eyes on handspikemen opposite to them1 to give the time to the other ,nos4 for hauling on the fall4 ,no4 #f 7or #b;d ,captain7 ,elevates or ,depresses as directed4 ,action4 #b;d ,captain unships the ,roller ,handspike if it has been used in training4 ,nos4 #i1 #aj withdraw handspikes1 and step back clear of recoil4 ,nos4 #c1 #d overhaul ,side-tackles to mark1 unless the motion does not admit of it4 ,no4 #ab overhauls or holds up ,train-tackle4 ,nos4 #g1 #h remove quoins from ,trucks4 ,men to their stations4 ,,ix4 ,,ready--,,fire6 7,diagram ,no4 #e47 #bbe4 ,the ,gun ,captain1 standing as already placed1 waits patiently1 but sharply1 for the coincidence of the sights upon the object1 which1 if a ship1 is always the water-line4 ,when a correction of elevation or of direction is required1 he repeats such of the previous orders as may be necessary2 and these are to be re-executed accordingly4 ,if the gun is to leeward1 the men stand ready to take hold of the ,train-tackle and jerk the cannon into a taut breeching4 ,when sure of his aim the ,gun ,captain1 who has held the lock-lanyard just taut1 draws it promptly and firmly1 bearing in mind that in no case is he to attempt moving from his post4 ,the #b;d ,captain stands ready with a primer1 and1 in the case of failure1 throws back the hammer and inserts another4 ,if necessary1 serves the ,vent4 ,if a second failure occurs1 it is a certain indication that the charge is not home4 ,action4 ,instantly with the explosion1 #aa1 #ab jerk away the parts of the train-tackle1 or hook it if it has been unhooked4 ,nos4 #c1 #d place quoins in front of trucks4 #i1 #aj lay down handspikes4 ,when the gun is not in to a taut breeching1 the #b;d ,captain ships the ,roller ,handspike4 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 take hold quickly of ,train-tackle1 and run in to a taut breeching4 ,when in1 #c1 #d move up the ,truck-quoins1 #ab chokes luff of ,train-tackle4 ,gun ,captain puts back the hammer and coils up lanyard4 ,no4 #f takes up ,sponge1 and the exercise proceeds as already directed4 ,if necessary1 ,no4 #b levels the gun for loading1 and lays it fair for running out4 #bbf4 ,if the exercise is to be continued1 it is resumed at the fourth command3 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,,cease ,,firing6 #bbg4 ,whenever this order is given1 either by the roll of the drum1 or by passing the word1 if the gun is primed1 the ,gun ,captain immediately removes the primer1 and with the crew stands at ,attention4 ,illustration3 ,,ready-,,fire4 ,diagram ,no4 #e4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #bbh4 ,,note4--,the breechings of ,,ix-in4 guns are to be so fitted that the face of muzzle when in shall be #ah inches from inner face of side1 for two reasons3 ,to prevent the gun from returning to the port1 and to give room for the handling of such large shells4 ,seventeen men are a proper number for working a ,,ix-in4 gun under any circumstances4 ,rammer handles are to be marked for place of charge and of shell4 ,side and train tackles are also to be marked to the proper overhaul1 so as to avoid slack rope4 ,breast-sweeps are useful at lower sill of port1 for training more than a point4 ,x4 ,,secure6 #bbi4 ,the ,powder-boy returns the spare powder and the passing-boxes to the magazine4 ,the ,shellmen return the shells and empty shell-boxes1 if any remain on deck1 to the shell-room4 ,the ,gun ,captain directs the gun to be laid square in the middle of the port4 ,when the guns are to be secured without being housed the ,loader and ,sponger place the chocking-quoins square up against the rear part of the front trucks and put in the tompion4 ,the ,handspikemen1 if there is a quoin1 free the quoin and lower the breech1 the #b;d ,captain handling the quoin4 ,when the gun is fitted with an elevating screw this operation is performed by the #b;d ,captain alone1 who handles the screw4 ,the ,gun ,captain1 assisted by the #b;d ,captain1 hauls the breeching through the jaws of the cascabel to the left side of the gun1 forming with the bight a turn over the breech and cylinder1 taking care to keep the breeching well clear of the elevating screw to prevent chafe1 and securing the parts on each side with selvagees and heavers2 or1 if this should interfere with the breech-sight1 by crossing the breeching at the side and securing it with selvagee straps and toggles4 ,in this case the breeching should be secured after alternate exercises right and left4 ,the ,loader and ,sponger haul up and secure the lower half-ports1 put in tompion1 and secure muzzle-bag4 ,the ,gun ,captain puts in the vent-plug1 lays the hammer of the lock in its place1 and the lock-string in a coil around it4 ,the #b;d ,captain takes the lock-cover from the ,train-tackleman and secures it over the lock1 and in like manner covers the breech and reinforce sights4 ,the men at the side-tackles unhook the outer blocks from the training-bolts and hand them to the ,loader and ,sponger1 who hook them to the securing-bolts at the sides of the port4 ,the men on both sides haul them taut and stop the parts of the tackles together1 with knittles provided by the ,quarter ,gunner1 and then expend the remainder of the falls by passing them around the breech of the gun1 through the jaws of the cascabel1 and stopping the bights alternately to the eye-bolts on each side of the port until expended2 or1 at four-truck carriages1 take two half hitches over the tail of the brackets1 and expend the ends of the falls4 ,the ,train-tackle men hook the train-tackle to the side-tackle bolts on each side of the port1 the double block on the left side1 haul the tackle taut1 expend the end round the breech1 and stop the parts in with the side-tackles4#h ,the ,gun ,captain then directs the ,handspikemen1 or if the screw is used1 the #b;d ,captain1 to raise the breech so as to level the gun and bring all parts of the tackles and breeching taut4 ,the ,loader and ,sponger put in and secure the upper half-ports1 if directed1 and the ,loader swabs the deck to collect any loose powder which may have been scattered on it4 ,the several persons who provided the arms and implements used in the exercise1 return them to their proper places1 or to the persons appointed to take charge of them1 care being taken that the small arms are unloaded and reported so before they are sent below1 unless otherwise directed by the ,captain4 ,,housing ,,lower-,,deck ,,guns4 #bcj4 ,if the lower-deck guns are to be housed1 the ,gun ,captain directs the gun to be laid square in the middle of the port and run in to a taut breeching1 and if loaded1 the load to be drawn4 ,the ,loader and ,sponger place the housing-chocks before the front trucks4 ,the gun is then run close up against the housing-chocks1 and the chocking-quoins are placed square up behind the rear trucks4 ,the ,handspikemen raise the breech to free the quoin2 the #b;d ,captain withdraws it and the bed2 the ,handspikemen lower the breech upon the axletree1 so that in case the gun should break adrift1 the muzzle will take the upper port-sill2 and the ,port-tacklemen lower the port-lid4 ,the #b;d ,loader and #ast ,shellman bring the port-bar to the ,loader and ,sponger1 who put it in place across the port1 hook the port-hooks in the ring-bolts in the port-lids1 and drive in the keys until the port is perfectly closed4 ,the men on both sides shift the side-tackles from the training-bolts to the securing-bolts1 haul them taut1 and expend the ends between the blocks4 ,the ,loader and ,sponger pass the frapping lashing round both parts of the breeching1 in front of the brackets1 and with the assistance of the men nearest them bowse it well taut2 and secure the muzzle by placing the grommet over it and the housing hook-bolt1 and by frapping the two parts together with the lashing4 ,when the housing-bolt is an eye-bolt1 a toggle will be necessary to keep the grommet in its place4 ,in moderate weather the train-tackle is unhooked from the deck1 and made up and stopped along the side-tackle1 on the forward side of the gun4 ,in bad weather it is kept hooked1 bowsed taut1 and the end expended through the ring-bolt and round the arms of the rear axle4 ,the manner of housing guns1 mounted on truck-carriages1 on other decks1 in bad weather1 does not vary materially from that just described1 excepting that the upper half-ports and the port-bucklers are put in and secured4 ,when there are no housing-chocks the ordinary chocking-quoins may be used as such4 ,it will be an additional security to take off the rear trucks1 and to tighten the muzzle-lashing by raising the breech4 ,,general ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,manual ,,exercise4 #bca4 ,the exercise of the great guns has a double object3 #ast1 ,to teach the crew all the details necessary to ,load1 ,point1 and ,fire the gun2 #b;d1 ,to develop their activity1 intelligence1 and muscular force4 ,the principal object1 the base of all this instruction1 is loading and pointing2 too much care and attention cannot be devoted to obtain exactitude in all the movements4 ,there is a tendency to devote too much time to such exercises as shifting carriages from side to side4 ,there is always sufficient time for these manoeuvres4 ,the most important are the management of the rammer and sponge in loading and the handspikes in pointing4 #bcb4 ,at the time of reception on board1 the crew may be considered as made up of three classes3 #ast1 ,the ,captains1 ,loaders1 and ,spongers of guns1 who may be considered as competently instructed in the manual2 #b;d1 another part1 who have had some instruction and are competent to fill the secondary duties2 #c;d1 ,the remainder1 who are entirely ignorant4 ,the directions in the manual are more particularly devoted to the instruction of a crew completely formed1 omitting all the minor details of position and exactness in the performance of the motions under the different commands1 which are to be supplied by the ,instructor4 ,these details would break the connection of the several commands1 and increase the bulk of the work4 ,the precepts of the manual are not for self-instruction of the ignorant1 but to produce a uniform system of commands in the ,instructors4 ,the important point1 is to instruct the last two classes by gun's crews1 and then by divisions4 ,this is accomplished by drilling the guns' crews separately1 until each man has acquired some facility in his particular duties1 and then selecting the most deficient for special instruction1 combining them as a gun's crew1 in order not to uselessly fatigue those who are already expert or readily acquire the drill4 ,whenever a new order is to be executed1 it should be first thoroughly and minutely explained2 and as soon as all have heard and appear to understand1 execute it4 ,if not correctly performed1 repeat the explanation4 #bcc4 ,when the individuals of each gun's crew have become well acquainted with1 and expert in the performance of their several special duties1 they are to be successively transferred1 temporarily1 to the performance of the duties of some other station1 until each man shall have become acquainted with the special duties of every station at the gun4 ,in exercising each man of a gun's crew in the duties of all the other men of that crew besides his own1 it is to be done thus3 ,the system supposes that1 beginning with the #b;d ,captain to take the place of the #ast ,captain1 the men are to be called to perform the duties of the latter in a regular succession agreeably to the way they are placed at the gun2 i4e41 after the #b;d ,captain1 the #b;d ,train-tackleman is to do the duties of ,gun ,captain2 and so on all round the gun4 ,each man is to fleet his position one remove or place1 in a direction with the sun1 so that instead of the interchange of duties being confined to two individuals only1 it is to extend to the whole gun's crew4 ,thus1 for instance1 when the #b;d ,captain is called upon to do the duties of #ast ,captain1 the latter1 by moving one place with the sun1 becomes the #ast ,train-tackleman1 the #ast ,train-tackleman the #ast ,port-tackleman1 and so on all around the gun throughout the whole crew1 the person at the muzzle of the gun on its left side crossing over and taking the place of the one at the muzzle on the right side4 ,next in order1 the #b;d ,train-tackle4 is required to take the place of the #ast ,captain1 then the #b;d ,captain becomes #ast ,train-tackle41 the #ast ,captain the #ast ,port-tackleman1 the #b;d ,port-tackleman the #b;d ,captain1 and so on throughout4 ,if it should be desired to take1 at first1 a man from the middle of the crew of the gun1 or even still further towards the muzzle1 to do the duties of #ast ,captain1 then it must be done under the supposition that all the men preceding him in the order above mentioned have already been exercised in those duties1 and the men are then to take their stands accordingly4 ,after the guns' crews have been well trained by giving the words of command1 it will be expedient to exercise them without giving the several detailed commands1 by directing them to load and fire6 ,at this command the different individuals should1 each in proper order of time1 silently perform his prescribed duties of sponging1 loading1 running out1 training1 and pointing1 the ,captain of the gun regulating the elevation and depression1 by raising or lowering his hand1 and by holding it horizontally and steady when the gun is well2 and in pointing1 by moving his hand to right or left as the gun requires to be trained1 and by bringing it down to his side when it is well4 ,before firing1 he is to throw his hand well up as a signal for the men to drop tackles1 and is to give the word fire when he pulls the lock-string4 ,when casualties occur at the guns1 the ,captain of the gun will order close up1 and then equalize the crew on each side4 ,if the ,powderman is disabled the highest number takes his place4 #bcd4 ,whenever the crew of a gun becomes so greatly reduced in action that men enough are not left to work the piece1 it may be fired while partially run in4 ,in such case1 however1 the breeching should be frapped forward of the carriage1 the ends crossed under the muzzle or otherwise arranged so as to keep the muzzle outside of the port2 the side-tackles left loose2 the chocking-quoins placed square up against the outer part of the front trucks2 the train-tackle hauled taut1 the end of the fall passed through the train-bolt and well secured1 and wet swabs placed up against the forward part of the rear trucks and sprinkled with sand or ashes4 ,after three or four rounds the train-tackle should be re-secured2 the chocking-quoins will require re-placing after each fire4 ,the greatest possible care should be taken to guard against accident from fire1 and minimum charges of powder used4 ,experiment proves that a gun may be fired in this manner without injury to the ship's side or the breeching1 and by three or four men4 ,it must be apparent to every officer that both the rapidity and the accuracy of fire to be obtained from guns in vessels at sea1 must depend1 in a great degree1 upon the care which may be taken to explain to the men the best mode of performing their respective parts of the exercise1 and the particular object for which each part is intended1 and especially on such frequency of exercise and target-firing as will make the men perfectly familiar with their prescribed duties4 ,the importance of this instruction1 which may decide whether an action shall result in victory or defeat1 will1 it is hoped1 insure due attention to it from all officers1 and especially from the officers of divisions at quarters4 ,,the ,,guns ,,on ,,one ,,side ,,being ,,manned1 ,,to ,,change ,,sides1 ,,or ,,both ,,sides ,,being ,,manned1 ,,to ,,man ,,one ,,side ,,only2 ,,command4 ,,man ,,the ,,starboard 7,,or ,,port7 ,,guns6 #bce4 ,whenever this or any other order is given which requires all the men suddenly to leave the gun which they are working1 they are not to do so until it is properly loaded1 and well secured by hauling taut the side and train tackles1 and hitching their falls around the straps of the inner blocks2 nor on lower decks of ships-of-the-line till the ports are down and secured by their lanyards4 ,a strict compliance with this injunction is indispensable to guard against excessive or imperfect loading and other accidents4 ,when these precautions have been duly taken1 the men will shift over in obedience to the command4 ,,exercise ,,of ,,broadside-,,guns1 ,,on ,,both ,,sides ,,at ,,once1 ,,by ,,manning ,,alternate ,,guns ,,with ,,full ,,crews4 #bcf4 ,in the event of being required to fight both sides1 it is generally conceded that a more effective fire is maintained by handling alternate guns with full crews4 ,in this case the preparatory order will be given3 ,,silence6 ,,man ,,both ,,sides1 ,,every ,,other ,,gun ,,with ,,full ,,crews4 ,upon which the guns' crews of the guns of the starboard watch will man the odd-numbered guns on the starboard side1 and the guns' crews of the port watch will man the even-numbered guns on the port side1 and the exercise will be the same as prescribed for broadside guns on one side only4 ,,manning ,,all ,,the ,,guns4 ,,general ,,remarks4 #bcg4 ,arrangements have been made to enable each gun's crew to work together and fire alternately a pair of guns on the same side of the deck4 ,experience1 however1 shows that this can only be continued with effect for three or four rounds1 and is in general results inferior to those obtained by manning alternate guns with full crews4 ,,quick ,,firing4 #bch4 ,the service of the guns consists1 essentially1 of two distinct parts1 pointing and loading4 ,the first of these1 pointing1 cannot be performed too carefully and methodically1 and requires extreme coolness and attention on the part of the ,captain of the gun2 loading1 on the contrary1 cannot be executed with too much rapidity1 provided neither the safety of the gun nor of its crew be compromised4 ,it is clear that if two hostile vessels meet equally matched in all the ordinary points of equipment and preparation1 and manned by crews equally skilled in gunnery1 the advantage will be in favor of the ship that loads quickest2 and should it happen that nicety of aim becomes a matter of secondary importance1 in consequence of the closeness of the action1 then1 evidently1 rapidity of fire will determine the affair4 ,these considerations appear decisive1 and every care should be taken in the instruction of guns' crews1 that pointing be executed with deliberation1 care1 and method1 and loading with all possible dispatch4 ,in order1 therefore1 to insure the great advantage of rapid firing1 officers are enjoined frequently to exercise the crews in setting the cartridge1 shot1 and wad home together1 in one motion1 of such guns as may be loaded in this manner1 without inconvenience4 ,this is the case with all the guns1 chambered as well as unchambered1 excepting the #h-;inch shell-gun of #fc cwt4 of patterns earlier than #ahea2 it is not recommended1 however1 to practise simultaneous loading with guns of higher calibre1 such as ,,ix-inch and upwards1 as nothing will be gained by it in point of time4 ,to prevent the shot from rolling on the tie of the cartridge and jamming it1 the end of the cartridge-bag1 outside of the tie1 should be shortened as much as security will permit1 unless it has been specially prepared for this use1 by stitching back the end in the form of a cockade4 ,with the view of affording the ,loader a certain and independent means of knowing when the whole load is really home1 the handle of the rammer should have a mark upon it1 easily distinguishable either by day or night1 and this should be suited to the ordinary firing charge of powder1 due allowance being made for the others4 ,,command4 ,,load ,,in ,,one ,,motion6 #bci4 ,the ,loader receives the cartridge and puts it in the gun1 as already described2 he also receives the shell or shot and wad and introduces them accordingly4 ,as soon as the whole charge has been introduced1 the ,sponger and ,loader together thrust it down smartly with the rammer1 as in ordinary loading4 ,when home1 the men run the gun out as quickly as possible2 the ,captain of the gun clears the vent1 primes in running out1 points and fires in the usual manner1 but as rapidly as is consistent with a good aim1 taking care that the muzzle is clear of the port-sill1 and on lower decks that the port is triced up clear of the explosion4 ,,shifting ,,breechings ,,in ,,action4 ,,command4 ,,sponge1 ,,load1 ,,and ,,shift ,,breeching6 #bdj4 ,supposing the gun's crew to be reduced to six men and the ,powder-boy1 that being the least number required to perform the evolution1 and the gun to be discharged and run in4 ,the ,captain hauls taut the train-tackle and chokes the luff1 and the ,loader and ,sponger place the chocking-quoins forward of the front trucks1 and proceed to sponge and load the gun in the usual manner4 ,the #b;d ,sponger and #b;d ,loader haul taut side-tackles and choke luffs1 or1 if rolling deep1 hitch the falls round the straps of the blocks1 and then unshackle the old breeching and shackle the new1 which is to be brought to the gun by the #b;d ,captain4 ,the ,captain removes the old breeching from1 and places and secures the bight of the new one in the jaws of the cascabel1 after the gun is sponged4 ,the #b;d ,captain passes the old breeching amidships1 and the men resume their usual duties at the gun4 ,when there are more than six men at the gun1 the #b;d ,sponger and #b;d ,loader1 after securing the side-tackle falls1 will assist to load the gun1 and the additional men will assist in unshackling the old and shackling the new breeching1 but one of these will do all the duties just assigned to the #ast ,captain1 so as not to interfere with his ordinary duties in loading4 ,,shifting ,,trucks4 #bda4 ,the operation of shifting a truck can only be required when the gun is run in after firing4 ,at the order to shift any one of the trucks that may be designated3 ,with the ,,marsilly ,,carriage4--,heave up with the roller handspike under the end of the bracket on the side on which the truck is to be removed2 handspikemen pass inside the breeching and place their handspikes under the axletree as near the truck as possible1 and1 assisted by #e and #f1 lift the gun while the shellman removes the old truck and side-tackleman puts on new one4 ,with the ,,ordinary ,,carriage4--,to shift a rear truck1 handspikemen lift under the rear axletree4 ,to shift a front truck the rear truck on the opposite side should first be taken off1 then handspikemen lift under the fore axletree4 ,illustration3 ,,side ,,elevation ,,of ,,xi-,,inch ,,gun ,,carriage ,,and ,,slide ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,sectional ,,view ,,of ,,xi ,,inch ,,gun ,,carriage ,,and ,,slide ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,,xi ,,inch ,,gun ,,carriage ,,and ,,slide ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,,slide ,,for ,,xi-,,inch ,,gun ,,carriage ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,exercise ,,of ,,pivot-,,guns4 ,,xi-,,inch ,,shell-,,gun 7,as an example47 #bdb4 ,arranged to traverse on circles fitted with ,bossed ,sockets for pivoting1 and with clevis-bolts and sockets for housing4 ,,equipments ,,and ,,implements4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,articles ,,for ,,each ,,gun4 ,,where ,,they ,,are ,,to ,,be ,,put ,,when ,,the ,,gun ,,is ,,secured4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,carriage and slide complete1 with ,in place4 elevating screw and pivot-bolts ,two front roller levers ,two rear do4 ,becketed to brackets4 ,two levers for training and shifting trucks ,two in-tackles ,hooked in place4 ,two out-tackles ,do4 do4 ,two shifting-tackles ,made up on slide4 ,two training-tackles ,do4 do4 ,breeching ,in place4 ,preventer ,do4 ,lashings for securing gun ,do4 ,tompion1 with wad and lanyard ,do4 ,sponge and cap ,becketed to beams between decks1 ,rammer or inside the brackets4 ,a pot of oil or prepared grease ,breast of carriage4 for rifle cannon ,lock1 with string ,in place4 ,vent-plug ,lock-cover and strap ,in place on gun4 ,breech-sight and cover ,do4 do4 ,reinforce-sight and cover ,do4 do4 ,trunnion-sight ,in box between decks4 ,priming-wires ,inside brackets ,boring-bits ,inside brackets ,water-buckets and large swab ,hold1 until wanted4 ,hand-swabs ,breast of carriage4 ,selvagee-wads ,do4 do4 ,battle-axes1 as allowed 7,art4 #aja7 ,on breast-transom4 ,two transporting axles and trucks ,in storeroom1 at hand4 ,one shell in box ,on slide4 ,shell-bearer ,do4 ,rail transom-chocks#i ,under rails4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,stations ,,and ,,gun-,,numbers4 #bdc4 ,the following are to be the gun-numbers and stations for a gun's crew of twenty-five1 including the ,powderman1 the ,,xi-inch shell-gun being taken as an example3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,left ,,side4 ,,gun-,,nos4 ,,right ,,side4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,first ,loader #c #d ,first ,sponger4 ,second ,loader #e #f ,second ,sponger4 ,first ,shellman #g #h ,second ,shellman4 ,first ,front-,leverman #i #aj ,second ,front-,leverman4 ,first ,compressman #ac #ad ,second ,compressman4 ,first ,rear-,leverman #aa #ab ,second ,rear-,leverman4 #ag #ah ,tacklemen #ai #bj ,tacklemen4 #ba #bb #bc #bd ,first ,train-,leverman #ae #af ,second ,train-,leverman4 ,first ,captain #a #b ,second ,captain4 ,powderman #be ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,to reduce from #bd men and ,powderman to #bj1 omit four highest numbers4 ,to reduce from #bj men and ,powderman to #af men and ,powderman1 omit four next highest numbers4 ,to reduce from #af men and ,powderman to #ab men and ,powder-boy1 omit four highest numbers2 #g1 #i1 and #aj become ,pikemen1 #aa and #ab ,compressmen and ,train-,levermen1 in addition to other duties4 ,to reduce from #ab men and boy to #aj men and boy1 omit two highest numbers2 #e becomes ,pikeman1 #g becomes ,fireman1 #i and #aj ,compressor and ,train-,levermen1 in addition to other duties4 ,,exercise ,,for ,,heavy ,,guns ,,mounted ,,on ,,pivot-,,carriages4 ,,xi-,,inch ,,shell-,,gun4 7,as an example47 #bdd4 ,the gun is supposed to be secured amidships1 fore and aft1 over the housing pivot1 and not loaded4 ,the exercise will proceed in conformity to the following words of command1 viz43 ,i4 ,,silence6 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 ,,ii4 ,,run ,,in6 ,,iii4 ,,shift ,,pivot6 7,,to ,,the ,,right ,,or ,,left67 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,v4 ,,load6 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 ,,viii4 ,,point6 ,,ix4 ,,ready--,,fire6 ,x4 ,,shift ,,to ,,housing-,,pivot1 ,,and ,,secure6 ,n4,b4--,it is always to be understood that when any of their respective duties under one command are executed1 the men will at once proceed to prepare for those which follow next in order4 ,the exercise must be considered as a whole1 though the details are necessarily divided under the several words of command4 ,,exercise ,,of ,,pivot ,,xi-,,in4 ,,cannon4 ,,gun ,,secured ,,for ,,sea ,,amidships4 ,i4 ,,silence6 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 #bde4 ,no4 #a1 ,commands2 sees his gun cleared and cast loose2 circles cleared and swept2 tackles hooked2 levers shipped2 lock and sights in place2 elevating apparatus1 pivot-bolts1 and compressors in working order2 takes off lock-cover and hands it to #bc1 who lays it clear of circle3 provides himself with waist-belt and primers1 priming-wire1 boring-bit1 and thumbstall2 and sees that all the gear and implements are ready for use1 and the men at their respective stations4 ,no4 #b1 ,takes off sight-covers and hands them to #bb1 who lays them clear of circle2 removes rail-chocks and assists in casting loose4 ,he provides waist-belt and primers1 and sees that the men on his side of the gun execute promptly their several duties4 ,,cast ,,loose4 7,diagram ,no4 #a47 ,clear away the ,bulwarks #ae4af4ag4ah4bc4bd4 ,lashings of ,gun--,adrift #c4d4aa4ab4 ,in-,tackles--,cast loose #ae4af4 ,out-,tackles--,cast loose #ac4ad4 ,training-,tackles--,cast loose #ai4bj4ba4bb4bc4bd4 ,,implements ,,qr4 ,,gunner4 ,powder #be4 ,shells1 ,shell-,ladle1 c4 #g4h4 ,sponge ,rammer ,take down #e4f4 ,front ,carriage-,levers1 ,ship#aj #i4aj4 ,rear ,carriage-,levers--,ship #aa4ab4 ,slide-,levers--,ship forward #ae4af4 ,sight-,covers--,take off4 #b;d ,capt4 and hands to #bb4 ,buckets of ,water#aa--;,fill2 ,wet ,swabs--,bring4 #e4f4 ,outer ,tackles hook as to ,deck #ba4bb4 ,shifting-,tackles to ,slide #bc4bd4 ,inner ,tackle#ab hook to ,deck #ag4ah4 to ,slide #ai4bj4 ,attend ,compressors #ac4ad4 ,man ,in-,tackle #aa4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4 #ab4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4 ,man ,carriage-,levers ,front4 #i4aj4 ,rear4 #aa4ab4 ,illustration3 ,,stations ,,before ,,casting ,,loose ,diagram ,no4 #a4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,stand ,,by ,,to ,,run ,,in ,diagram ,no4 #b4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #bdf4 ,,stand ,,by ,,to ,,run ,,in4 7,diagram ,no4 #b47 ,ease ,compressors#ac and go to ,in-,tackles #ac4ad4 ,up ,carriage-,levers#ad ,front4 #c4i4 and #d4aj4 ,rear4 #aa4ab4 ,tend ,out-,tackles #e4f4 ,,ii4 ,,run ,,in6#ae ,haul on ,in-,tackles #aa4ac4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4 #ab4ad4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4 ,out-,tackle block--,unhook from ,slide1 to leave room for hooking ,inner ,shifting-,tackle #e4f ,down ,carriage-,levers ,front4 #c4i4 and #d4aj4 ,rear4 #aa4ab4 ,tauten ,compressors #ac4ad4 #bdg4 ,,stand ,,by ,,to ,,pivot4 7,diagram ,no4 #c47 ,draw ,fore ,pivot-,bolt #c4d4 ,up ,shifting ,slide-,levers #ae4af4 #c4aa4e4i4ac4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4 ,man ,outer ,shifting-,tackle or or or or #d4ab4f4aj4ad4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4 ,attend opposite ,outer ,shifting-,tackle #ai4c4 or #bj4d4 ,stand by to hook ,inner ,tackle1 when the ,outer ,shifting-,tackle is a-block #ag or #ah4 ,,iii4 ,,pivot ,,to ,,right ,,or ,,left6 7,diagram ,no4 #c47 #c4aa4e4i4ac4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4;,a ,haul on--,outer ,shifting-,tackle#af or or or or #d4ab4f4aj4ad4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4 ,ease away opposite ,shifting-,tackle #ai4c or #bj4d4 ,hook to ,slide1 ,inner ,tackle and ,haul ,taut #ag4 or #ah4 ,unhook ,outer ,shifting-,tackles #ba4bb4bc4bd4 ,in ,fore ,pivot-,bolt #c4 or #d4 ,shift ,inner ,tackles as ,to rear of ,slide #ai4bj4 ,train-,tackles ,to ,deck #ag4ah4 ,down ,shifting ,slide-,levers1 unship them and ship them on ,rear ,slide ,training-,trucks#ag #ae4af4 ,hook ,out-,tackle ,block to ,slide #e4f4 ,take stations for next order--which1 if the gun is loaded1 will be ,run ,out2 if not loaded1 will be ,sponge4#ah ,when the ,gun is ,run ,out-- ,shackle ,breeching#ai #c4ac4--d4ad4 ,draw the ,rear ,pivot-,bolt #b4 ,note ,a3 ,other numbers may be called to assist1 if needed4 ,illustration3 ,,stand ,,by ,,to ,,pivot ,,starboard ,diagram ,no4 #c4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,sponge-,,load ,diagram ,no4 #d4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 7,diagram ,no4 #d47 #bdh4 ,no4 #d is to receive the moist sponge from ,no4 #f1 right hand over1 left under1 to send it home1 and1 assisted by ,no4 #c1 to press it to the bottom of the ,bore1 then to turn it around two or three times from left to right1 in the direction that the worm may take1#bj withdraw it1 strike the staff several smart taps under the muzzle1 then return it to ,no4 #f1 who will receive it and lay it down2#ba the ,gun ,captain serves1 then stops the ,vent1#bb and as soon as the sponge has been withdrawn1 serves the ,vent with his priming-wire and again stops it4 ,this being done-- ,no4 #bj hands the ,rammer to ,no4 #d as soon as the latter has been relieved of the ,sponge by ,no4 #f4 ,should ,no4 #d observe that the ,gun ,captain has neglected to serve the ,vent1 he is to call his attention to it4 ,no4 #c stands ready with the ,powder which he has taken from ,no4 #e1 to whom it was passed by ,no4 #be4 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 open the ,shell-,box1 disengage#bc the ,shell1 and place it in the ,ladle1 in readiness to pass to ,nos4 #c and #e4 7,special drill47 ,v4 ,,load6 7,diagram ,no4 #d47 #bdi4 ,no4 #c places the charge in the muzzle1 seam from the ,vent1#bd small end in1 and pushes it well into the ,bore4 ,no4 #d1 who stands ready with the ,rammer1 enters it into the muzzle1 and pushes the charge home steadily1 until the mark on the ,rammer handle shows the charge to be in place4#be ,no4 #c assists with one hand1 and the charge is on no account to be struck4#bf ,whilst ,no4 #d withdraws the ,rammer1 ,nos4 #g1 #h each take a handle of the ,ladle1 lift up the ,shell1#bg and1 assisted by ,no4 #e1 pass it on to ,nos4 #c and #d1 who enter the shell into the muzzle1 sabot first and ,fuze out1 as soon as the ,rammer is clear of the muzzle4 ,as the ,shell lies just fair with the muzzle1 ,no4 #c removes the cap from ,fuze1#bh which is passed along to the ,gun ,captain1 and pushes the ,shell into the ,bore4 ,no4 #d enters the ,rammer1 and1 assisted by ,no4 #c1 pushes in the shell until the mark on the handle shows it to be in place4 ,it is most strictly forbidden to strike the shell with the ,rammer4#bi ,no4 #f takes the ,rammer from ,no4 #d and lays it down1 or lodges it overhead on the hooks4 ,whilst this has been doing1 the preparation for the next order is to go on4#cj ,nos4 #ac1 #ad ease compressors1 if no motion4 ,if there is1 they stand ready to ease at next order4 ,the ,out-,tackles are manned by ,nos4 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #ag1 #ae1 #aa1 #ac1 and #bj1 #bb1 #bd1 #ah1 #af1 #ab1 #ad4 ,the ,inner ,tackles tended by ,no4 #b and ,qr4 ,gunner4 ,the ,front ,carriage-,levers grasped by #c1 #i1 and #d1 #aj4 ,the ,rear by #aa1 #ab ,illustration3 ,,run-,,out ,,to ,,leeward ,diagram ,no4 #e4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 7,diagram ,no4 #e47 #bej4 ,the mode of executing this order will vary with circumstances--by the gun being to windward or to leeward1 and by the nature of the rolling motion4 ,to leeward1 and with much motion1 the tendency is to go out with dangerous violence4#ca ,therefore1 ,nos4 #e1 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #ag1 #ae1 #ac1 and #f1 #bj1 #bb1 #bd1 #ah1 #af1 #ad1 haul cautiously on the ,out-,tackles1 the ,qr4 ,gunner and ,no4 #b1 assisted by #ae1 #af1 holding well back on the ,in-,tackles with a turn caught2 #ac1 #ad ease the compressors2 ,nos4 #c1 #i1 and #d1 #aj heave up the ,front ,carriage-,levers2 ,nos4 #aa1 #ab keep down the ,rear ,carriage-,levers1 unless it is seen that they are necessary4 ,in running out to windward#cb the compressors may be eased at once1 the ,in-,tackles slacked1 the ,carriage hove up on its trucks1 and the gun run out by the ,out-,tacklemen1 assisted by any of the numbers not employed in other duties4 ,when out1 the ,carriage-,levers are let down promptly and unshipped4 ,the compressors are set#cc and ,rear ,slide-,lever shipped4 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 7,diagram ,no4 #f47 #bea4 ,the ,gun ,captain again makes sure that the ,vent is clear1#cd and in so doing lets his wire down quickly into the charge4#ce ,if all is right1 he inserts a primer4 ,if the ,slide-,levers have not been shipped1 or have been unshipped1 they must now be put on the axles of the ,rear ,slide-,trucks--#ae1 #af4 ,the ,rear ,train-,tackles will be manned by ,nos4 #ac4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4e4 #ad4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4f4 ,,viii4 ,,point6 #beb4 ,the ,gun ,captain adjusts or verifies the ,sliding-,bar of the ,rear sight to the desired range1#cf and steps off the slide directly to the rear1 lock-lanyard in hand4 ,the #b;d ,captain takes hold of the ,elevating screw1#cg #ae1 #af heave up the levers of ,rear ,slide-,trucks1 and the ,training-,tackles are manned by ,nos4 #ac4ae4ag4ai4ba4bc4e4 #ad4af4ah4bj4bb4bd4f4 7,right or ,left47 ,illustration3 ,,prime-,,point-,,fire ,diagram ,no4 #f4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,ix4 ,,ready--,,fire6 #bec4 ,the ,gun ,captain1 with lock-lanyard just taut and his eye ranging over the sights1 but kept well down to the bottom of the notch in head of sliding-bar1 and over the point of middle sight1 awaits these being brought into coincidence by the roll with the object1 which is always the ,,water-,,line--the ,slide being trained constantly as desired by voice or sign4#ch ,when sure of his aim1 the ,gun ,captain draws the lock-lanyard promptly and firmly4 ,if the primer miss1 the #b;d ,captain removes it1 clears the vent1 and puts in a fresh primer4 ,if the gun1 when fired1 does not come into its place for loading1 ship ,carriage-,levers1 heave up1 and run in by the ,in-,tackles to a taut breeching4 ,down all levers and set ,compressors4 ,if the firing or exercise is to continue1 the next order is ,sponge4 ,if not1 unshackle the breeching1 then--,run in1 back to rear hurter for pivoting--,stand by to ,pivot--,pivot to right or left2 when amidships--,in ,pivot-,bolt--,run out1 and secure for sea4 ,x4 ,,shift ,,to ,,housing-,,pivot1 ,,and ,,secure6 #bed4 ,the gun is brought into the housing position amidships and pivoted to the socket farthest from the extremity of the vessel1 and run out4 ,no4 #a puts in the vent-plug1 wipes and lays the hammer in place and the lock-string around it1 then puts on the lock-cover2 sees his gun properly secured1 and the implements and spare articles returned to their places4 ,no4 #b levels the gun and wipes off and re-lacquers rear pivot-bolt and elevating screw2 puts on sight-aprons2 puts in rail-chocks and assists in securing lashings and breeching4 ,loaders put in the tompion and on muzzle-bag1 and wipe off and re-lacquer the front pivot-bolt4 ,spongers return rammer and sponge to place1 and assist in securing lashings and breeching4 ,levermen wipe off and re-lacquer their respective levers and eccentrics1 secure levers in place1 and assist in securing the gun4 ,compressormen wipe off1 re-lacquer1 and tighten the compressors1 and assist ,carpenter in replacing and securing bulwarks4 ,shellmen return shells1 empty boxes1 and shell-bearer to their places1 and assist in securing bulwarks4 ,powderman returns spare powder and passing-box to the magazine4 ,tacklemen tighten and secure in and out tackles1 and make up and stow shifting and training tackles on the slide2 ship the clevis-bolts1 pass and tighten the gun-lashings1 and assist in replacing bulwarks4 ,the men who provide implements and spare articles return them to their places4 ,,transporting ,,pivot-,,guns ,,from ,,one ,,end ,,of ,a ,,vessel ,,to ,,the ,,other4 #bee4 ,the gun must be pivoted and trained so as to bring its muzzle towards the direction in which it is to be transported1 the transporting-trucks shipped and secured to their axles1 the chocking-quoins placed1 the training-trucks thrown out of action1 the compressors brought to bear to confine the gun near the middle of the slide1 some of the tackles hooked for dragging1 and others1 with capstan-bars1 for guiding and steadying it4 ,the pivot-bolts are to be removed1 and the gun's crew1 aided by others if required1 transport it to the desired position at the other end of the vessel4 ,the slide is then brought over and pivoted upon a fighting or outer centre1 the transporting-trucks removed1 and the training-trucks brought into action4 ,when the implements for working and loading the gun are brought to it1 it will then be ready for action4 ,when the forward and after slides are of different lengths1 and the traversing circles of different diameters1 the longest slide will be fitted with an additional rear pivot-hole and plate1 to correspond with the smaller circle1 in order that the gun may be worked from the midship pivot-bolt and shifted to the different fighting centres or pivot-bolts of the smaller circle4 ,thus1 when only one pivot-gun is mounted forward and one aft1 and when they can both be brought to bear from only one end of the vessel1 the force may be doubled at that extremity by pivoting one gun on each bow or quarter1 as the case may be4 ,for heavy guns this is practicable in smooth water only4 ,arrangements are made for shifting the broadside-guns both to the bow and stern1 in aid of the pivot-guns1 when the distance of the enemy is not too great4 ,when the stern gun is pivoted over the rudder1 one of the broadside-guns may be worked on each side of it1 in firing right aft4 ,guns mounted on pivot-carriages may be fought upon the rear pivot1 on the common or shifting centre1 and fired from any point of the traversing or shifting circle1 if the elevation be such as will not endanger the decks4 ,in this case the training must be done with the gun run in over the rear pivot1 as after it is run out the training will be difficult1 and the helm must be relied on to bring the gun on with the object4 ,guns should never be transported about the deck of a ship when loaded4 ,,notes ,,upon ,,the ,,manual ,,exercise4 ,,fourth ,,command4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,the ,gun ,captain-serves1 then stops the vent6 #bef4 ,a difference of opinion being entertained among artillerists with regard to the utility of stopping the vent1 the continuance of the practice1 as directed in the text1 is recommended4 ,the thumbstall has been made of various materials1 but its use is somewhat inconvenient for the ,gun ,captain1 and he cannot feel that the vent is stopped4 ,at the ,experimental ,battery of the ,ordnance ,yard the naked thumb is used1 and experience shows that the gun is never so hot as to occasion the least inconvenience1 except with howitzers4 #beg4 ,it has been the uniform practice at the ,experimental ,battery at the ,ordnance ,yard1 ,washington1 and also on board the ,gunnery ,ship ,plymouth1 in #aheg-'eh1 to use a moist sponge2 and as no accident from premature explosion has taken place in either case1 the inference is that the method is a safe one1 and might obviate other precautions1 especially where reloading is necessary1 as in firing salutes1 when1 there being no shot over the cartridge1 it is imperfectly consumed4 #beh4 ,strikes the staff several smart taps under the muzzle6 to shake off any adhering fragments of the cartridge4 ,should any burning fragments be drawn out1 the ,loader extinguishes them with the wet swab2 the ,gun ,captain again commands ,sponge4 #bei4 ,gun ,captain serves the vent with his priming-wire6 ,if at any time he should find the vent obstructed1 and be unable to clear it with the priming-wire or boring-bit1 he will at once report to the officer of division1 who will order the vent-punch used2 or1 if this should fail1 have recourse to the vent-drill and brace in charge of the ,quarter ,gunner4 ,the boring-bit1 vent-punch1 and drills should be used with caution1 as1 being of steel1 they are liable to be broken off in the vent and thus effectually spike the gun4 ,after clearing the vent the bore should be sponged4 #bfj4 ,spongers and ,loaders are to be careful to keep their bodies as much within the port as practicable1 otherwise at close quarters they will be picked off by musketry4 ,,fifth ,,command4 ,,load6 ,no4 #c removes cap from fuze6#ci #bfa4 ,the cap is never to be removed until the shell has been entered in the gun4 ,with high elevations1 or when rolling1 care should be taken that the shell does not slip down the bore before this is done4 ,the cap or patch is removed by taking hold of the lug with the forefinger and thumb1 first raising it a little1 and without twisting2 a pull readily removes it4 ,the patch is passed to the ,gun ,captain1 as an evidence that the priming has been exposed2 the patches to be preserved and accounted for at the end of the firing4 #bfb4 ,the ,loader must be careful not to touch the fuze composition with his fingers1 for fear of injuring it by moisture4 ,where the firing is not hurried it is advisable to raise the priming of the fuze1 to insure its ignition4 ,all of these details should be carefully explained to the crew4 #bfc4 ,no wad is required over a shell1 but a selvagee wad may be used in heavy rolling4 #bfd4 ,when loading with shot a selvagee wad is placed over it4 ,a part--half or a third--of a selvagee wad1 is equally efficient in holding the shot in place4 #bfe4 ,shells should be used against ,ships at all distances where the penetration would be sufficient to lodge them4 ,they are of no service in breaching solid stone walls1 but are very effective against earthworks1 ordinary buildings1 and for bombarding4 ,for these purposes a good percussion or concussion fuze is desirable1 but no reliable fuzes of these kinds have as yet been devised4 #bff4 ,solid shot should only be used when great accuracy1 at very long range1 and penetration are required4 #bfg4 ,if1 in loading1 a shot or shell jams in the bore1 no attempt should be made to force it down1 but it should be withdrawn4 ,this may be done with the ladle1 by depressing and striking the muzzle against the lower sill of the port1 or by running the gun out hard against the side at extreme depression4 #bfh4 ,a gun is not to be loaded with more than a single shot at once1 without the express sanction of the ,captain1 and never with more than a single shell4 ,solid shot are not to be fired from shell-guns without a direct order from the ,captain4 #bfi4 ,experiments show that firing two loaded shells together should never be practised4 ,with quite reduced charges of from #a_/hth to #a_/abth the weight of the single shell1 of #hh loaded shells thus fired1 #be were broken and #dh did not explode1 and some of the remainder were exploded too soon by the shock of discharge4 ,of #ej unloaded #h-;inch shells1 fired two at the same time1 with #f lbs4 of powder1 only one was broken by the shock of the discharge4 ,this difference between loaded and empty shells is accounted for by the fact that a small hole is generally broken into the outer shell1 through which its charge is ignited4 ,see p4 #ac1 ,report of ,admiral ,farragut1 dated ,august #ca1 #ahec1 on experiments made at ,old ,point ,comfort4 #bgj4 ,in loading with a shell1 the most exact attention is required to all the precautions relating to the position of the fuze and the mode of setting home the shell4 ,the ,loader is to be specially instructed that unless the leaden patch is stripped off1 to expose the priming1 the fuze will not ignite1 and consequently the shell cannot explode4 #bga4 ,grape-shot have not sufficient penetration to be used with effect1 generally1 against ships-of-war beyond #aej yards4 ,when the men on the spar-decks of the enemy are exposed1 by the heeling of the ship1 grape or canister may be used against them1 at distances varying from #bjj to #cjj yards4 ,against light vessels1 a single stand of grape from heavy guns may be used at about #djj yards4 ,the dispersion of the balls is about one-tenth the distance1 and is practically independent of the charge4 #bgb4 ,the ,,xi-inch gun1 at #aj deg4 elevation1 gives for the mass of grape or canister a range of about #a1cjj yards2 the spread about #aj deg44 ,they may therefore be used with great effect against boats or exposed bodies of men4 #bgc4 ,a stand of grape is not to be used with any other projectile4 #bgd4 ,canister or case-shot1 prepared for immediate use1 are supplied for all guns1 including boat and field howitzers1 and are effective at short distances against boats or exposed bodies of men2 they may be used also1 under favorable circumstances1 against the tops of an enemy4 #bge4 ,shrapnel-shell or spherical case-shot is intended to exceed the range of canister1 and is to be used only under the same circumstances1 but at an increased distance4 ,canister is more effective at from #bej yards with the #ab-pdr4 howitzer1 to #djj yards with the ,,xi-inch2 but beyond those distances shrapnel should be used up to #ijj yards for the #ab-pdr41 and #a1ejj with the ,,xi-inch4 ,a well-delivered shrapnel-shell from a heavy gun must sweep away the crew of a pivot or other gun1 on a spar-deck not protected by bulwarks4 ,the 'distant firing' charge is always to be used with shrapnel4 ,,seventh ,,command4 ,,prime6 ,he inserts a primer and turns the hammer down upon it4 #bgf4 ,to prevent the primer from being blown out of the vent by the blast of the next gun1 as occasionally happens on light-covered decks4 ,with guns of the old pattern this cannot be done1 because1 if turned down1 it would interfere with the aim4 #bgg4 ,it is essential that the head of the primer shall be placed flat and pressed close upon the vent1 that the hammer may strike it fairly4 ,the tip of shellac1 by which the lower end of the tube is sealed1 occasionally obstructs the jet of flame so as to split the tube4 ,in this case the flame is dispersed laterally1 and fails to ignite the charge2 it is therefore a good precaution to pinch the end of the tube before putting it into the vent4#dj #bgh4 ,the tubes of all the primers are carefully gauged before issuing them for service2 but such as1 from any cause1 become so much enlarged as not to go easily into the vent1 should be rejected without attempting to force them down4 ,it will occasionally happen1 either from carelessness or inattention to the instructions given for the proper manner of pulling the lock-string1 that the head of the primer will be crushed without exploding it4 ,frequently a second and stronger pull will have the desired effect1 if the fulminate has not been dispersed2 in case1 however1 this attempt should prove unsuccessful1 the tube of the primer should be drawn out1 if possible1 before using the priming-wire to clear the vent4 #bgi4 ,in case either lock or primer should entirely fail1 recourse will be had to the friction-primers or to the spur-tubes4 ,in using the first1 the ,captain of the gun1 after taking the primer from the box1 will raise up the twisted wire-loop until it is on a line with the spur2 place the tube in the vent with the spur towards the muzzle of the gun1 and so that this spur will rest on the lock-piece2 then hook the lanyard into the raised loop1 and pull it1 when otherwise ready to fire the gun1 as though it were a lock-string1 using1 however1 a less degree of force4 ,the lanyard may be hooked to the loop before the tube is put into the vent4 ,when the spur-tubes are used1 the ,gun ,captain exposes the priming and the #b;d ,captain applies the match4 #bhj4 ,the men should be practised at unloaded guns1 in placing the primers1 both percussion and friction1 properly1 and in pulling the lock-string so as to insure their explosion1 until this very essential knowledge and skill have been perfectly attained4 ,,eighth ,,command4 ,,point6 ,his eye ranging over the sights6 #bha4 ,the ,gun ,captain gives the necessary order1 ,right or ,left1 ,raise or ,lower1 by voice or sign4 ,he alone should speak1 giving his orders in a sharp1 clear tone1 but not louder than necessary for his own crew to hear him4 #bhb4 ,he should make use of the following signs to assist in making himself understood1 which1 when the crew become well drilled1 are sufficient without the verbal orders4 ,,in ,,pointing4--,he should move the left hand1 held vertically1 to the right or left1 according as he wishes the right or left tackle hauled upon4 ,,in ,,elevating4--,he should move the hand1 held horizontally1 up or down1 according as he wishes the breech raised or lowered4 #bhc4 ,officers of divisions1 while instructing the men in aiming1 should be particular in impressing upon their minds the necessity of bringing the eye to an exact level with the bottom of the sight-notch1 as otherwise they will fire too high4 #bhd4 ,in lateral training1 when the direction of the gun is frequently changed by the coming up or falling off of the ship1 or when the position of the object to be fired at is rapidly changing by passing in opposite directions1 or from other causes1 it is better to train a little beyond1 and then watch the proper moment for firing1 instead of endeavoring to train at once directly on the object4 #bhe4 ,the lateral training1 or pointing1 when considerable1 should always precede the elevation2 because1 the jarring of the gun is apt to alter the elevation4 #bhf4 ,if roller handspike is not used in training4 ,a great difference of opinion exists on this point4 ,the use of the roller handspike somewhat facilitates extreme train1 but the gun cannot be fired until it is unshipped1 which alters the elevation and consumes time4 ,it is perhaps preferable to use one handspike under the bracket1 manned by two men1 and the other to lift and slue the gun1 manned by one man1 under the transom4 #bhg4 ,elevate or ,depress as directed6 ,if the carriage is fitted with a quoin1 handspikemen standing between the handspikes and the side of the ship1 place their handspikes on the steps of the carriage and raise the breech4 ,as soon as the quoin is free1 the #b;d ,captain takes hold of it with both hands and withdraws the quoin to the full extent2 handspikemen raise or lower the gun slowly and steadily4 ,when the proper elevation is given1 the ,gun ,captain gives the word ,well6 and the #b;d ,captain forces the quoin tight under the breech1 giving the word ,down6 #bhh4 ,to facilitate the operation of pointing guns according to the distance of the object aimed at1 sights are prepared and fitted to each gun2 and breast-sweeps for all truck-carriages of heavy guns4 ,the ordinary sights consist of two pieces of bronze gun-metal1 one of which1 called the reinforce-sight1 is a fixed point1 firmly secured to the sight-mass1 upon the upper surface of the gun between the trunnions4 ,the heads of the sights should not be bright1 otherwise it interferes with the aim when they are exposed to a bright sun4 #bhi4 ,the other1 or breech-sight1 is a square bar or stem1 with a head1 in the top of which is a sight-notch4 ,it is set diagonally1 so as to expose two faces to the rear2 the rear angle chamfered1 to afford a bearing for the clamp-screw4 ,this bar or stem is made to slide in a vertical plane1 in the sight-box fixed to the breech sight-mass1 and is held at the various elevations for which it is graduated by means of a thumb-screw4 ,its length is sufficient for all the elevation which can be given--about #e deg4--before the muzzle appears above the front sight1 after which a long wooden sight must be used1 graduated for the whole length of the gun1 using the notch in the muzzle4 ,the bar or stem of the sight has lines across its faces denoting for all the old guns degrees of elevation1 each of which is marked with the number of yards at which a shot or shell will strike the point aimed at1 when that line is brought to a level with the top of the sight-box1 and the gun is loaded with a specified charge of powder2 for the guns of the new system1 the ranges are marked in even hundreds of yards4 ,the uppermost line on the stem marked level is the zero of the other graduations1 and when adjusted to the level of the top of the sight-box1 the bottom of the notch in the head of the breech-sight and the apex of the reinforce-sight show the dispart of the gun4 ,when the line of sight coincides with these points1 it is parallel to the bore1 and when continued to a distant horizon1 the gun is laid level or horizontal4 ,sights should invariably be made so that the level line on the stem will correspond with the bottom of the head when it rests on the sight-box1 and thus secure a dispart-sight in case of accident to the screw in the sight-box4 ,a white line1 one-fourth 74#be7 of an inch wide1 drawn on top of the gun from the breech-sight to the notch on the swell of the muzzle1 has been found to greatly facilitate the aim4 ,for night-firing a broad wooden block1 painted dead-white1 to ship over the reinforce-sight1 leaving #a_/d of an inch of the sight exposed1 will assist in preventing the aim from being too high4 #bij4 ,for shot-guns the ranges in yards for one shot with the distant-firing charge of powder are marked for each degree of elevation on the right in-board face of the sight-bar2 for the ordinary firing1 on the left face4 #bia4 ,the gun being placed a certain height above the water1 depending on the class of vessel and the deck on which it is mounted1 it is evident that1 when the axis of the bore is horizontal1 the shot will have a range proportionate to this height4 ,this range or distance is commonly called point-blank1 or point-blank range1 and is the number noted in the column marked ,p4,b41 or #j deg41 or level in range tables4 ,this point-blank1 therefore1 depends on the class of gun1 the charge1 and the height above the water4 #bib4 ,a preferable definition of this distance is range at level4 #bic4 ,the aim is always supposed to be directed at the water-line4 ,but1 with the sight-bar at level1 if a gun is aimed by it at the water-line of a vessel at point-blank range1 the shot would strike short of the point aimed at by about one-quarter of the distance2 or1 if aimed1 under similar conditions1 at the upper part of the hull1 the shot would fall a distance below the point aimed at equal to the height of the gun4 #bid4 ,in firing at small objects1 particularly boats1 within point-blank range1 it is therefore important to attend to this source of error4 ,it is desirable that all sights should be marked1 from #ajj yards to the greatest range1 and thus avoid all consideration of point-blank4 ,in fitting new guns1 or those upon which the sights require replacing1 the sight-bar will be fitted as described in ,article #bhi1 and graduated from #ajj yards downwards4 ,for shell-guns the ranges are marked for shells on the sight-bars1 in the same manner as those for the shot of shot-guns4 #bie4 ,these sights being each adjusted to a particular gun1 and marked with its class and number1 do not1 in strictness1 admit of being transferred to other guns1 even of the same class4 #bif4 ,when used1 the stem of the breech-sight must be raised or lowered1 to correspond with the ascertained or estimated distance1 in yards1 of the object aimed at1 and firmly secured there by the thumb-screw4 ,then1 if the ship be steady1 elevate or depress the gun until the line of sight from the bottom of the notch of the breech-sight1 the top of the reinforce-sight1 and the point to be struck1 will coincide2 but if the ship have a rolling motion the gun must be so laid1 after the sight is set for the distance1 that this coincidence may be obtained1 if possible1 at the most favorable part of every roll which the ship makes4 #big4 ,the inclination of the line of metal to the axis of the bore varies in guns of the same class1 as well as in those of different classes4 ,aiming1 therefore1 by the line of metal cannot be relied on for definite ranges2 besides that1 within those ranges1 it is apt to mislead by giving too much elevation to the piece4 ,therefore1 when the established sights are not furnished1 or have become unserviceable1 wooden dispart-sights lashed on the reinforce should be immediately substituted4 ,a narrow groove in the upper surface of the wooden sight1 made to coincide with the plane of the line of sight marked on the gun1 will assist the ,gun ,captain in getting the true direction quickly4 ,half the difference between the diameters of the gun at the base-ring and swell of the muzzle1 or at any intermediate point on the line of metal1 will give the proper height of the dispart-sight at the point where the least diameter was taken1 to which must be added the height of the lock-piece above the base-ring1 in order to get a line of sight over it1 parallel to the axis of the bore4 ,the guns of the ,dahlgren pattern are cylindrical for a certain distance forward of the base-line1 always giving a line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore4 #bih4 ,all the new guns are marked on the top of the lock-piece1 base-ring1 the reinforce sight-mass1 and the swell of the muzzle1 by notches which indicate a vertical plane passing through the axis of the bore1 at right angles to the axis of the trunnions4 #bii4 ,pivot-guns have been supplied with trunnion-sights1 designed to be used when the ordinary sights do not give the required elevation4 ,this instrument1 however1 gives but a rude approximation in either elevation or direction4 #cjj4 ,the rifled cannon in service have the breech-sight on the side of the breech and the front sight on the rimbase1 which permits the gun to be accurately aimed and the object kept in view at all elevations4 ,it is intended in future to apply this arrangement to all cannon mounted on pivot-carriages4 #cja4 ,various modes have been practised to ascertain at sea the distance from the object aimed at1 so as to regulate the elevation of guns1 but none can be depended upon for giving it with minute accuracy1 and even when obtained it is continually varying2 therefore1 when the projectile is seen to exceed or fall short of the object considerably1 the sight-bar must be readjusted accordingly4 ,it thus becomes1 under ordinary circumstances1 the best instrument for approximating distances4 ,in correcting the elevation1 however1 the variation of range to the first graze1 attributable to eccentricity1 differences of windage1 and other causes1 must be taken into consideration1 as1 under the most favorable circumstances1 at the ,experimental ,battery of the ,ordnance ,yard1 this variation is found to equal fifty yards1 more or less4 #cjb4 ,in addition to the errors arising from these sources1 we have also those due to the direction and force of the wind1 the movement of the ship across the line of fire1 and to sheering round a pivot when performing evolutions4 #cjc4 ,they can be obviated or diminished by the following means3 #ast4 ,allow the ,gun ,captain to estimate the distance to windward or to leeward1 right or left1 to be allowed for the deflection2 or1 #b;d4 ,indicate the number of yards right or left of the object2 which1 after all1 depends on his estimation of distance4 #c;d4 ,furnish a sight which1 in addition to the elevation1 allows for the deviation1 and permits the ,gun ,captain in all cases to aim directly at the target4 ,such a sight is furnished to the ,parrott rifles1 and is desirable for all guns4 #cjd4 ,in case the ordinary sights should be lost or rendered useless1 tangent firing may be resorted to against ships1 by pointing with the wooden dispart-sight at such part of the ship as the ,tables indicate for the distance1 and according to the class of gun in use at the time4 ,a ,table of this kind is appended1 which has been calculated for the #h-;inch and some of the heavier of the #cb-pounder guns when loaded with single shot and distant-firing charges4 ,the different classes of sailing ships-of-war1 whether of the same or of different nations1 are not of the same length1 nor are their masts of the same height from the deck1 or from the water4 ,they1 however1 correspond so nearly1 for the same class of ships of the same nation1 that calculations made from the angles subtended by the average height of their masts1 will generally give their distance with sufficient accuracy for general firing4 ,tables are inserted at the end of the book1 in which the distances corresponding to different angles made by the masts of ,english and ,french ships-of-war are shown--from which the intermediate distances due to other angles may be estimated1 and the sights regulated accordingly1 if circumstances should render it desirable4 ,also an abridged ,table1 in which the height of our own mast is used as the base4 #cje4 ,officers of divisions and ,captains of guns should be occasionally practised in measuring the distances of objects by the eye1 at times when opportunities offer of verifying the accuracy of their estimate by comparing it with the distance obtained by the foregoing methods1 or any other which will afford the best means of comparison4 #cjf4 ,within point-blank range1 if the hull of an enemy's vessel is obscured by smoke or darkness1 the aim may be directed by the flashes of his guns4 #cjg4 ,most naval guns are now fitted with elevating screws1 passing through a hole in the cascabel of the ,dahlgren system1 and for those of the old system attached to the carriage3 but the ordinary beds and quoins are also still in use2 they are arranged to allow the extreme elevation and depression of the guns which the ports will admit with safety4 ,when the inner or thick end of the quoin is fair with the end of the bed in place1 the gun is level in the carriage2 or horizontal1 when the ship is upright4 ,the degrees of elevation above this level1 which may be given to the gun by drawing out the quoin when laid on its base1 are marked on the side or edge1 and those of depression on the flat part of the quoin1 so that when the quoin is turned on its side for depressing1 the marks may be seen4 ,the level mark on the quoin is to correspond with the end of the bed4 ,when the quoin is entirely removed1 and the breech of the gun rests on the bed1 the gun has its greatest safe elevation2 and when the quoin is pushed home on its side1 the gun has the greatest safe depression that the port will admit4 ,care must be taken that the stop on the quoin is always properly lodged1 to prevent the quoin from flying out or changing its position1 and that the bed is secured to the bed-bolt4 ,porter's bed and quoin has been adopted for all carriages requiring quoins4 ,this quoin1 being graduated to whole degrees1 requires a small additional quoin for slight differences of elevation in smooth water4 ,when the elevating screw is used1 a quoin should be at hand to place under the breech of the gun1 when at extreme elevation1 to relieve the screw from the shock of the discharge1 and prevent a change of the elevation1 as well as to take the place of the screw if it should be disabled4 ,when the fire is continuous at the same distance1 the lever of the elevating screw should be secured by a lanyard1 to prevent the screw from turning and altering the elevation4 #cjh4 ,if a greater elevation for broadside-guns should be desired for any special purpose1 it may be obtained by placing inclined planes behind the rear trucks1 for them to recoil over and produce a corresponding depression of the muzzle of the gun as it comes within the port4 ,but it will be observed that1 beyond the elevation which the ports will admit of1 the sights can no longer be taken by the tangent or any other top sight1 as the upper sill of the port interferes4 ,the gun must therefore be laid by the quoin and pendulum4 ,additional depression may also be obtained by placing inclined planes for the front trucks to recoil upon1 or by raising the breech by means of a wooden toggle placed vertically under it4 ,one end of a tripping-line is fastened to the middle of the toggle1 and the other to the breeching-bolt in the side of the ship2 by this arrangement the toggle is tripped from its place at the commencement of the recoil1 and the muzzle is raised so as to clear the port-sill by the preponderance of the breech4 ,,ninth ,,command4 ,,ready--,,fire6 ,waits patiently for the coincidence of the sights upon the object4 #cji4 ,the exact moment for firing1 at sea1 necessarily varies with circumstances2 but when these are favorable the following general principles should govern3 #caj4 ,when the ship is steady1 the gun should be fired when the line of sight is brought upon the object2 but when the ship has much rolling motion1 the moment for firing should be chosen a little before1 so that the shot will probably leave the gun when the roll brings the line of sight upon the object aimed at4 ,when practicable1 and too much time will not be lost1 it will be best to fire when the vessel is on the top of a wave and just begins to roll towards the object4 ,if the loss of time should be found objectionable1 the gun may be fired at any other instant1 when properly pointed1 giving a preference1 however1 to the moment when rolling towards rather than when rolling from the object1 and making due allowance for the probable change of elevation by the roll of the ship before the shot leaves the gun4 #caa4 ,if1 from any cause1 the firing should be delayed after the gun has been pointed1 it should be carefully pointed again before the order to fire is given4 #cab4 ,the great object is to fire low enough to strike the hull if the shot preserve the intended direction1 and as a general rule to strike it near the water-line4 #cac4 ,to avoid loss of shot from lateral deviations1 it is recommended to direct all the guns to be pointed to strike somewhere between the fore and mizzen masts of an enemy2 when quite near1 the guns of the forward divisions should be pointed in preference to that part of the hull about the foremast1 and one or two of the after guns at the rudder1 if it should be fairly exposed4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,different ,,kinds ,,of ,,firing4 #cad4 ,,firing ,,at ,,will4--,by this is meant firing the guns independently of each other1 each ,captain of a gun seizing the most favorable opportunity4 ,this firing should always be used in action--unless ordered to the contrary--whenever the object is visible1 the smoke from one gun not greatly impeding the firing of another4 #cae4 ,,firing ,,in ,,succession4--,by this is meant firing one gun after another in regular order1 commencing from the foremost or after gun1 according as the wind is blowing from aft or forward4 ,this firing may be used with advantage in the commencement of an action1 or whenever a continuous1 steady fire is desired1 as the smoke from one gun will not impede the firing of the next4 #caf4 ,,quick ,,firing4--,by this is meant rapid firing at will1 the tangent-sight not being raised4 ,this firing should be used only when close alongside an enemy1 as then but little pointing would be required4 #cag4 ,when the guns are laid for the projectile to strike the object aimed at without grazing between the gun and the object1 the firing is said to be direct4 ,this mode of firing is to be preferred when the object fired at is so near that the chances of hitting it are very great1 and also when the intervening surface between the gun and object is so rough or irregular that a projectile striking it would have its velocity much diminished or destroyed1 and its direction injuriously affected4 ,,direct ,,firing requires a good knowledge of distance1 and precision both of elevation and lateral direction1 in order to strike an object which is comparatively a point4 ,it is always to be preferred when the distance is accurately known4 #cah4 ,when the guns are so laid that the projectile makes numerous grazes between the gun and the object1 and continues its flight1 the firing is denominated ricochet4 ,that properly so called is performed at level1 or at most at three degrees of elevation2 shot will often ricochet at much greater angles1 but it is not what is meant by ricochet firing4 ,,ricochet ,,firing1 upon a smooth surface within certain distances1 has some important advantages over direct firing4 ,when the guns have very little or no elevation1 and are near the water1 as they are in a ship's battery1 the projectile strikes the water at a very small angle2 its flight is not greatly retarded by the graze1 and it rises but little above the surface in its course4 ,the distant charge should always be used1 but the penetration is not to be depended on beyond #a1ejj yards against ships-of-war4 ,ricochet firing at low elevations requires only correct lateral direction1 since the projectile would rarely pass over and would probably strike a vessel if within its effective range1 whether the actual distance had been correctly ascertained or not4 ,the deviation of projectiles is1 however1 generally increased by ricochet1 and in proportion to the roughness of the surface of the water4 ,even a slight ripple will make a perceptible difference not only in direction1 but in range and penetration1 and the height to which the projectile will rise in its bounds4 ,although these facts demand attention1 yet when the estimated distance does not require an elevation of more than three degrees1 projectiles from guns pointed rather too low for direct firing will probably ricochet and strike the object with effect1 even when the water is considerably rough4 ,this may be called accidental ricochet4 ,when the water is not smooth1 the most favorable circumstances for ricochet firing are when the flight of the shot is with the roll of the sea1 and that roll is long and regular4 ,ricochet will be effective against small objects up to #b1jjj yards1 but should not commence at less than #fjj yards2 at less distances it is preferable to fire direct4 ,ricochet is of no value from rifled guns firing elongated projectiles1 as they lose all certainty of direction on the rebound4 ,upon smooth water1 a shot fired horizontally from the #cb-pdr4 of #cc cwt41 with #d-a_/b lbs4 powder1 ricocheted and rolled about #c1jjj yards2 the greatest range obtained from an elevation of #e deg41 with the same gun and charge1 was less than #a1hjj yards4 ,see ,dahlgren's ,report on #cb-pdr4 of #cb cwt41 p4 #ij4 ,shot rarely ricochet at all with elevations above #e deg41 and the bounds are always higher1 with equal charges from the same gun1 as the elevation of the gun is increased4 #cai4 ,concentration of fire may be desirable under certain circumstances2 and arrangements have been sometimes made to secure it by the simultaneous discharge of a number of guns upon some part of an object whose distance is known4 ,the advantages of these arrangements are not very obvious1 excepting in cases where the position of the enemy may be visible from one part of a ship and not from all the guns in the batteries4 ,the object sought to be obtained is therefore to aim from in-board at an invisible target1 the distance and direction of which are indicated by the ,captain4 ,it is consequently necessary that he shall be so placed as to obtain a distinct view of the enemy1 or have suitable observers to inform him of his exact position4 #cbj4 ,in general1 this sort of fire has been of little efficacy2 but by the aid of a simple implement1 readily made on board ship1 it is believed that good results may be obtained1 and particularly at night1 when firing from guns on covered decks is now absolutely ineffective4 ,it consists of a simple metal or wooden batten1 sliding in two beckets attached to the outer or inner sides of each of the brackets of the carriage1 retained in any position by a thumb-screw4 ,this batten is graduated by experiment or calculation for either the parallel or converging fire1 for such points on the bow1 beam1 or quarter1 as may be deemed advisable4 ,a small knob is screwed into the inner end of each batten1 and a cod-line provided1 with a loop in each end1 somewhat longer than the width across the transom4 ,if1 then1 one of the battens be drawn out to the graduation representing the degree of train required1 the line stretched taut from the two knobs and hitched1 and guns trained until this line is parallel to a mark on the deck1 or one of the seams of the deck-plank--if they are parallel to the keel--the guns will all make the required angle1 and may be fired simultaneously or in succession1 as ordered4 ,illustration #cba4 ,the principal object in view1 therefore1 is so to prepare the training by anticipation1 that when the smoke rises1 or on sheering the vessel1 the enemy shall be visible to all the ,gun ,captains at the same time2 giving them the choice to fire at will1 or on a given signal1 if simultaneous fire be desired4 ,it diminishes the great disadvantages of guns on covered decks1 where the ,gun ,captains can only with difficulty ascertain the direction of the enemy2 and places the whole battery more completely under the control of the ,commander4 #cbb4 ,the principal care of the ,commander must be to keep his guns always bearing on the enemy1 and never pass the limits of extreme train for all his guns1 unless absolutely necessary in manoeuvring4 ,this he must regulate1 either by one of the guns in his vicinity1 or1 better1 by the aid of a bearing-plate1 a species of plane-table which gives the angular bearing of the object4 #cbc4 ,concentration of fire upon a particular part of an enemy's vessel may also be obtained by a general order for the guns to be aimed to strike that part when visible1 leaving the ,captains of guns to determine the proper time for firing1 according to circumstances at the moment4 ,this obviates the objections due to simultaneous firing1 and would generally be equally effective at distances beyond point-blank4 ,in this1 as in all other cases of firing at sea1 success depends mainly upon the skill1 judgment1 and coolness of the ,captains of the guns4 ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,fuzes4 #cbd4 ,all spherical shells1 except those for the #bd and #ab pdr4 howitzer1 and all shrapnell1 are fitted with the ,navy time-fuze4 ,this fuze is composed of a composition driven in a paper case1 and then inserted in a metal stock which screws into a bouching fitted to the shell4 ,the composition is covered with a safety-cap1 which protects it from moisture and accidental ignition2 also with a water-cap of peculiar construction1 intended to protect the flame from being extinguished on ricochet4 ,a safety-plug at the lower extremity prevents the communication of fire to the powder in the shell1 in the event of the accidental ignition of the fuze after being uncapped4 #cbe4 ,it is strictly forbidden to show or explain to foreigners or others the construction of any fuzes1 except so far as may be necessary for the service of the guns4 #cbf4 ,these fuzes are of #c-a_/b1 #e1 #g1 #aj1 #ae1 and #bj seconds time of burning2 which are supposed to offer a sufficient variety for most of the exigencies of service4 ,there are also supplied paper-case fuzes of greater length1 which1 when used1 are always to be inserted in metal stocks4 ,all the ,navy time-fuzes--paper case as well as metal stock--being intended for use under a water-cap1 burn a longer time in the open air4 ,all shells1 unless otherwise ordered1 are fitted and issued from the shell-houses with the #e-seconds fuze1 which is to be regarded as the general working fuze4 ,for greater or less distances this fuze may be drawn1 and any of the others substituted4 ,the ,navy time-fuze is rarely extinguished by several ricochets on water2 and near the end of its flight1 when fired direct1 frequently acts by concussion4 ,the fuze used should not be of longer time of burning than requisite to reach the object2 the shorter times are of quicker composition1 therefore more certain2 also in firing on ricochet the shell may sink short of the distance necessary for its explosion1 and consequently be supposed to fail4 #cbg4 ,for special firing1 as for example at shore-batteries or masses of uncovered troops1 any of these fuzes may be shortened4 ,to do this1 unscrew the water-cap and back the paper case out from the lower end with a drift and mallet2 cut off from the lower end with a fine saw1 or sharp knife struck with a mallet1 the proportional part required1 and insert the upper part in the stock1 forcing it down with a few gentle blows with the drift2 screw on the water-cap4 ,it is preferable1 however1 when circumstances will admit1 to take up such distance as will correspond with the time of flight of one of the regulation lengths4 ,when firing against ships or earthworks1 the fuze should be a little longer than necessary1 in order to reach the object before bursting2 but a little shorter when firing against boats or masses of troops1 in order to insure its bursting in front of them4 #cbh4 ,the ,bormann fuze is fitted to the #bd-pdr4 and #ab-pdr4 howitzer ammunition1 and all shrapnell4 ,it has also been fitted to certain shells used for special firing4 ,the length of fuze is the limit of the distance within which this fire is effective4 ,this fuze is opened at the required number of seconds1 by cutting close to the right of the mark on the index-plate4 ,the cut should be made down to the plane of the table1 in order to expose the composition2 and is best made at two or three efforts1 instead of trying to effect the cut at once4 ,this fuze should be carefully explained to the men1 as shells have been taken from guns with the cut made into the priming-magazine1 which would explode them at the muzzle4 #cbi4 ,there are also on trial for the rifled cannon the percussion and time fuzes of ,schenkl1 ,hotchkiss1 ,parrott1 and others4 ,no reliable percussion or concussion-fuze has as yet been arranged for spherical shells4 #ccj4 ,these fuzes will be exhibited and explained by the ,ordnance ,officer on the application of ,commanders of vessels1 who1 with the ,executive ,officer and ,gunner1 are enjoined to make themselves thoroughly acquainted with this most important part of the equipment4 #cca4 ,commanders of vessels will carefully note and report the efficiency of all fuzes fired in action or exercise2 giving the elevation of the gun1 the estimated or measured range1 the number fired1 the name of the inventor1 whether percussion or time1 the number of failures to explode the shell1 premature explosions1 and satisfactory action4 ,great waste of ammunition is frequently occasioned by an under-estimate of the distance4 #ccb4 ,the times of flight and length of fuze for all projectiles1 so far as ascertained at the ,experimental ,battery at ,washington1 are given in the ,,table ,,of ,,ranges1 ,appendix ,b4 #ccc4 ,the best effect of a percussion-fuze is obtained by firing into a mass of timber4 ,they frequently fail if fired into a bank of soft earth1 sand1 or other material which does not offer a sufficiently sudden resistance2 also1 if fired at high angles of elevation1 owing to the fact that the rifle-shells do not generally strike point foremost4 #ccd4 ,time-fuzes are also very unreliable in rifle-guns2 expanding projectiles cut off the flame from the fuze4 ,with the ,parrott shell1 however1 the ,navy time-fuze is the most certain of ignition and regular in its time of burning4 ,the safety-plug should be removed when the ,navy time-fuse is used in rifled cannon1 as recent experiments show that it is a probable cause of premature explosions of shells4 ,in testing the ,navy time-fuse by the watch1 or michronometer1 the safety-plug must be removed3 otherwise the fuze will burn longer than the time for which it is marked4 ,,boarders4 #cce4 ,it is not supposed that any directions can be framed which will entirely provide for all the various circumstances which may require attention when about to board an enemy1 or to repel a similar assault made by an enemy upon our vessels4 ,the following general suggestions are1 however1 presented for the consideration of ,captains1 in order that some degree of uniformity may be preserved when other more important considerations do not prevent it4 #ccf4 ,upon the signal for ,boarders1 the divisions called should form on the gangway of the side which is not engaged1 properly armed1 and remain there until ordered elsewhere1 provided there be time to make this disposition of them4 ,in all movements from one part of the ship to another1 cutlasses should be sheathed and pistols in the frogs4 ,the men of each division should be united as much as possible under their own officer4 ,bayonets not fixed until ordered4 ,,prepare ,,to ,,board6 7,,from ,,any ,,specified ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,ship47 #ccg4 ,the ,boarders should repair to the place directed1 taking care to keep themselves down so as not to be seen by the enemy1 and form close to the bulwarks1 until the order is given to-- ,,board ,,the ,,enemy6 #cch4 ,the ,boarders should then gain the enemy's deck as quickly as possible1 keeping near enough to each other for mutual support1 and to act in concert against the opposing force1 using every possible exertion to clear the enemy's decks by disabling or driving the men below4 ,in case the intention of boarding should be discovered by the enemy1 and he collects his men to repel the attack1 the marines and small-arm men should take positions where they can best fire upon the men thus collected2 and1 if possible1 the spar-deck guns loaded with grape1 and howitzers loaded with canister1 should be used for the same purpose before the ,boarders are ordered to make the attack4 ,so long as the contest is continued after boarding1 the fire should be kept up against the enemy from all the guns with as much vigor as the number of men remaining at them will allow4 ,the guns should then be much depressed1 in order that there may be little or no danger to our own men4 ,much positive injury may be inflicted on the enemy in this way1 besides the advantages of dividing his attention at such an important moment4 ,if it should be necessary to repel ,boarders from the enemy1 the ,boarders and ,pikemen must be called1 and at the order-- ,,prepare ,,to ,,repel ,,boarders6 7,,at ,,any ,,specified ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,ship47 #cci4 ,the ,pikemen should arrange themselves in rear of those armed with swords1 and in situations which will allow them to rest the points of their pikes on the hammocks or rail1 and cover that part of the ship and the parts where the assault is expected4 ,the marines1 with their muskets loaded and bayonets fixed1 may be formed behind the ,pikemen1 or at any other place from which their fire on an assailing enemy may be most effective and least dangerous to our own men4 #cdj4 ,the moment an enemy commences his assault1 the order-- ,,repel ,,boarders6 ,should be given1 and every effort made to prevent his gaining or retaining any foothold in the ship4 ,it will1 of course1 be important to bring grape and musketry to bear at once upon the enemy's men when they are assembled for boarding1 if they should be discovered in time4 ,the men left at the guns must be watchful that the enemy does not gain an entrance through ports or quarter-galleries4 #cda4 ,in case the enemy should effect a landing on the decks1 the pikes may1 from their length and the press of the contending parties1 become less efficient than the swords4 ,whenever this occurs1 the sword must be brought into full use1 as the most efficient weapon for attack or defence at such close quarters4 #cdb4 ,the howitzers1 mounted on the field-carriage and charged with canister1 should be ready for use in case of the enemy's getting a footing on the spar-deck4 #cdc4 ,unless induced by circumstances to attempt to board the enemy first1 the most favorable opportunity for attack will present itself when his men have been driven back2 and to guard against the contingency of being repulsed1 in all cases where the ,boarders are called to attack the enemy they are to be covered by the marines and all the available small-arm men on deck4 #cdd4 ,the men1 and especially the ,boarders and ,pikemen1 must be exercised and encouraged to practise with the single stick and sword1 as far as circumstances will allow4 ,,general ,,precautions ,,to ,,be ,,observed ,,in ,,time ,,of ,,war4 #cde4 ,in time of war1 unless otherwise ordered by the ,admiral commanding1 every cruiser should at nightfall carefully extinguish all lights not absolutely necessary1 and shade all those that are indispensable1 that they may not be visible from out-board4 #cdf4 ,the watch on deck shall be mustered at their quarters1 and the guns so far cast loose as the state of the weather will permit4 #cdg4 ,the officer of the watch shall1 on taking the deck1 ascertain that the means of making and answering signals and a competent signal-man are always at hand4 ,it is his duty to make himself fully acquainted with all the day and night signals4 #cdh4 ,before making night-signals1 every light should be extinguished or covered4 #cdi4 ,particular care is required1 when it is expedient to conceal the lights of the ship1 to look well to the cabin and wardroom lights4 ,ports and air-scuttles there1 are more apt to be imperfectly masked or thrown open heedlessly by servants4 #cej4 ,if in company with other vessels1 two guns in each broadside must always be ready for making signals of immediate or urgent necessity4 #cea4 ,no vessel cruising shall allow a strange or suspected vessel to come within gunshot1 without the watch being at quarters and ready to open fire4 #ceb4 ,it is the duty of the officer of the watch to immediately inform the ,commander of all suspicious movements which he may observe1 or which may be reported to him1 and of all unknown vessels or boats that may appear in sight4 #cec4 ,speed being one of the principal elements of military force1 ,steamers will1 on going into action1 have all the fires lighted and in condition to make steam4 ,the beat to quarters for action is therefore a signal to start fires in all the furnaces not in operation4 #ced4 ,if at anchor singly or in squadron in our own waters1 in those of an ally1 or elsewhere within our right to exercise control1 and where liable to an attack by an enemy in any form1 no strange or suspicious vessel must be permitted to be underway between evening gun-fire and daylight4 ,the nearest vessel must require her to anchor1 and send an armed boat to ascertain her character4 #cee4 ,if the ,senior ,officer opens fire on any vessel1 the nearest vessel in a position to do so will also be prepared to fire to bring her to1 if signalled4 ,all boats to be hailed and ordered alongside to give the countersign1 or to lay off on their oars to be visited by the guard-boat4 #cef4 ,if at anchor in or about an enemy's waters1 steam shall be kept up at night at all times1 sufficient to move the vessel at half speed at least1 and the engines moved certainly every hour1 or oftener if necessary1 to keep them in a condition for immediate service4 ,in vessels with single engine1 liable to be caught on the centres1 means for turning it off to be kept at hand1 and suitable persons stationed to attend to it4 #ceg4 ,the cable must be kept ready in every respect for slipping1 with a stopper forward of the bits1 and even unshackled1 if the weather will permit1 with a steady man stationed to slip or cut as may be requisite4 #ceh4 ,some of the guns1 and those such as may be brought most conveniently to bear upon the probable quarter of attack1 must be loaded with grape and some with canister1 and ample supplies for reloading be kept on deck4 ,appliances for extreme depression should be at hand for broadside-guns2 a gun here and there depressed extremely4 ,the ,howitzers1 on field-carriages1 in place1 and loaded with canister4 ,pikes distributed about the decks ready for use4 #cei4 ,small vessels lying in rivers or sounds1 and liable to be attacked and carried by boarding1 will have their boarding-nettings of wire rope secured at evening quarters2 the guns cast loose2 the watch completely armed and on the alert1 and every preparation made for instantly slipping and getting under way and repelling boarders4 #cfj4 ,at the hail by the look-out of ,boat ahoy1 without further orders or the striking of the bell1 the engine should be started immediately1 the slip-rope cut1 and all boats are to be received while under way and the crew at quarters4 #cfa4 ,it is important that the arms of the watch below should be as accessible as possible1 that no confusion may take place in case of being summoned suddenly4 ,the engineer and watch in the fire and engine room must always be armed4 #cfb4 ,on dark1 foggy1 or hazy nights1 no lights should be shown1 nor the bell struck or watch piped to indicate the position of the vessel4 ,the look-outs1 increased and cautioned to greater vigilance1 relieved at least hourly1 and visited by either the ,commander or ,executive ,officer half hourly4 #cfc4 ,the safety of small vessels at night requires that they shall be always either underway1 or else in readiness to be got so at the shortest warning4 #cfd4 ,if circumstances prevent this1 the greater the necessity for increased precaution and vigilance1 and therefore a picket or advice boat should be kept out in the direction from which attack may be expected2 and1 indeed1 the resort of picket-boats should be observed whenever practicable and at all likely to be of service4 #cfe4 ,in case of sending away a boat that is to return before sunrise--which is always to be avoided1 if possible--a concerted signal1 such as a certain number of flashes of a light1 preceded or followed by the firing of a certain number of muskets1 must be made at the distance from the vessel of about one-half mile1 the number to be agreed upon for each night as the boat leaves the vessel4 ,a countersign is also to be given2 but if not understood by the look-out1 he is to call out ,enemy1 at the same time warning the boat to keep off1 at which the vessel will be got underway at once4 #cff4 ,the boat must be furnished with suitable and reliable fireworks or other means for announcing instantly the approach of an enemy1 and no excuse can be taken for a failure on the part of the picket to give the alarm4 ,the capture of the picket-boat is a minor consideration4 #cfg4 ,when confident of being able to repel any force1 the boat should return to give timely notice for preparation2 and in this case it may be expedient to be prepared to light up the adjacent waters1 to enable an effective fire to be opened on the enemy from guns and howitzers4 #cfh4 ,commanding ,officers of vessels situated as described in ,art4 #cei1 are required to practise their crews1 by going on deck and hailing1 ,boat ahoy1 at least once a week4 ,the time taken for the execution of this order to be noted on the log4 #cfi4 ,in times of anticipated attack from rams or mail-clad vessels upon a fleet or single ship1 it is recommended to load the guns with maximum charges and solid shot2 but where there is doubt of the character of the assailant1 the guns should only be loaded with the service powder charge having ready at hand shot1 shell1 shrapnell1 grape1 or canister1 as the case may demand4 ,,directions ,,in ,,case ,,of ,,fire4 #cgj4 ,in the following directions1 no other object is proposed than to notice some of the more prominent and common preparations which may be generally made1 and the measures to be adopted in vessels on the alarm of fire4 ,the variety of circumstances under which that danger may be presented can only be successfully met by properly stationed1 well-trained and disciplined men1 judiciously directed by the ,captain1 and superintended by officers whose coolness and presence of mind are proof against every form and degree of danger1 which alone will enable them to adopt and execute the best plans the emergency may require4 ,to this end the ,captain will1 as soon as the crew is organized1 cause a ,,fire-,,bill to be prepared1 adapted to the particular arrangements of his ship1 and in accordance with these ,directions1 by which the crew is to be drilled once a week till expert1 and after that occasionally4 ,this fire-bill should1 as far as possible1 conform to the arrangement for extinguishing fire during exercise at ,general ,quarters4 ,much confusion has been known to arise from requiring different duties from the same person at ,fire ,quarters1 and in case of fire when at ,general ,quarters4 #cga4 ,should the alarm of fire be given when the men are not at ,quarters1 that alarm of itself is to be considered as a call to ,quarters1 and the men must repair to their stations at once4 ,this must be impressed upon the men by the ,division ,officers4 ,but the ordinary call for inspection is to be given as soon as practicable1 by way of enforcing the order4 ,the alarm will be given by the sentinel near the bell1 by ringing quickly and loudly successive peals for ten or fifteen seconds1 with short intervals between4 ,the bell is to cease1 however1 as soon as the drum begins to sound the call to ,quarters4 ,should it be deemed necessary to water and provision the boats1 preparatory to lowering them1 the drum will beat the usual call for provisions1 when the men stationed for these purposes will promptly proceed with their duties4 ,in this case the shot shall be drawn or discharged from the guns1 to guard against accidents in leaving the vessel1 should it be impossible to save her4 #cgb4 ,the ,captain will direct the ,executive ,officer1 and such others as he may deem proper1 to visit the place of the fire1 and to transmit reports to him1 by officers1 of its character and extent1 and to suggest the measures which will most speedily and certainly subdue it1 or prevent its extension4 #cgc4 ,he will1 if at sea1 cause the ship to be hove-to1 or steered in such direction as will be least likely to increase the activity of the fire1 or will best enable the men to use the means in their power for controlling and extinguishing it4 #cgd4 ,if fire should take place in a ship at anchor in port or harbor1 his attention must be given to prevent the communication of the fire to other vessels or combustible objects1 and to have the cables ready for slipping1 boats ready1 and1 if advisable1 springs prepared to change the position of the ship1 in order to prevent danger to other vessels4 #cge4 ,he will decide whether the magazines and shell-rooms shall be flooded1 and give orders accordingly2 whether the hammocks shall be brought up and stowed2 where sentinels shall be placed1 and what disposition shall be made of the sick and prisoners4 ,if hammocks are to be brought up1 each man not a ,fireman1 ,pumpman1 ,hoseman1 ,axeman1 or ,smotherer1 or belonging to the ,carpenter's gang1 or detailed as a ,sentinel over boats' falls or spirit-room1 will lash and carry up two hammocks and stow them in the nettings on his way to ,quarters4 ,blankets1 or other woollen materials1 when wet1 afford an excellent means of smothering fire1 and should be left out by the party lashing up the hammocks and collected by the ,smothering party1 in charge of an officer1 whose duty it will be to see them properly used4 #cgf4 ,the ,officers of the respective divisions will enforce the strictest observance of orders from those under their command1 and allow no one to leave his station1 unless by express orders or permission4 ,at the same time they will direct the most trustworthy of their men to perform any particular duty within their divisions which may tend to check the spreading of the fire1 or furnish the means of extinguishing it4 #cgg4 ,officers of gun-deck divisions will be prompt to detach1 under proper officers1 men who may be directed for any particular service1 or who may be called from the guns by the calls for ,firemen1 ,sail-,trimmers1 or ,boarders4 ,should the call for ,boarders be made in case of fire1 the men will answer it without any other arms than their swords or battle-axes4 ,divisional ,officers near the main or other pumps1 will cause the men of their divisions to aid in rigging and working them4 ,the ship's buckets are to be passed up to the pumps1 as soon as possible1 by the persons who may be stationed near them1 and these and the fire-buckets and division-tubs filled4 ,the swabs are also to be got up and thoroughly wetted4 ,division-boxes1 and all powder or explosive materials not in the magazines1 must be taken in charge by the ,quarter-,gunners and placed in the safest positions1 ready to be thrown overboard if ordered4 #cgh4 ,the ,officer commanding the ,powder division will himself deliver the keys of the magazines1 shell-rooms1 and water-cocks to the ,gunner1 his ,mate1 and the men stationed at the water-cocks1 and see that they are prepared to flood the magazines1 if orders should be given to that effect2 but he must take especial care that the magazines1 passages1 and shell-rooms are kept closed until orders to open them are received from the ,captain4 #cgi4 ,he will also take care that the air-ports are immediately closed1 and all other means adopted for diminishing currents of air1 especially if there should be a hope of confining the fire to the lower parts of the vessel4 ,he will at once have the hose led from the bilge-cock1 the cock turned1 and1 if the forcing-pump or engine is worked below the gun-deck1 will see it manned and worked by some of the men of his division4 #chj4 ,the ,master will cause windsails to be taken down2 and1 if set1 courses1 spanker1 and all lower sails hauled close up2 head1 channel1 and all other pumps which work on upper deck1 and fire-engine1 if on deck1 to be rigged and worked by the men of his division stationed nearest to each of them4 ,if practicable1 sails1 rigging1 boats1 spars1 and the sides of ship must be kept wet1 and every exertion made to furnish a full supply of water for extinguishing the fire4 ,rigging-axes and battle-axes must be ready for use1 in case they should be wanted for any purpose4 #cha4 ,the ,chief ,engineer will detail such ,assistant ,engineers and men as may be needed to take charge of steam-pumps1 to lead out hose1 and to use such other means of extinguishing the fire as may be ordered or deemed advisable4 ,if under steam1 the main engine will be slowed on the first alarm of fire1 unless otherwise expressly ordered1 and the steam-pumps started4 #chb4 ,the ,surgeon and his assistants will be in readiness to destroy1 if required1 all inflammable fluids1 or other medical stores which would increase the fire2 and to superintend the removal1 if necessary1 of patients who may be lame or confined to hammocks or cots4 #chc4 ,exercises1 by order of the ,captain1 following false alarms of fire1 known only to him and the ,executive ,officer to be false at the time of giving the alarm1 may1 it is believed1 be resorted to with advantage1 especially at night4 ,such alarms furnish the best means of ascertaining practically whether the necessary preparations for extinguishing fire have been duly attended to2 and what degree of silence1 calmness1 and promptitude may be expected from officers and men in repairing to their stations1 as well as in the performance of their duties in a real case of fire4 ,false alarms1 frequently repeated1 may perhaps lead some of the men to move slowly1 under the impression that every alarm given is false1 and merely intended for exercise2 and this impression may be entertained even when a fire has actually taken place4 ,this evil would1 however1 be comparatively small1 since it will be readily admitted by any one who has witnessed the effect of a fire upon a crew at sea1 that the great difficulty in such cases is to obtain that necessary quiet and orderly attendance at ,quarters which is essential to the success of all subsequent measures4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,,note3--,in order not to incumber the text with details1 they are transferred to the ,notes on the ,manual ,exercise 7,art4 #bhh to #ceg71 which are to be carefully studied4 ,also the notes to ,pivot-,gun ,exercise4 #g ,see notes on this command and the succeeding one1 ,,load1 for further important details4 #h ,with the nib-blocks the train-tackle cannot be used to assist in securing the gun1 unless a special eye-bolt is placed for this purpose4 #i ,these should always be kept under the centre transom when the carriage is not in use2 also in firing at high angles of elevation to relieve the rails of the shock4 #aj ,when the trucks are to be brought into play1 the levers should be shipped on their axle-squares so as to heave upwards1 past the centre1 and rest against the wood of the ,carriage or ,slide2 otherwise they must be kept in place by hand or by a pin1 neither of which entirely secures the ,levers from flying back and doing mischief4 ,if hove down1 they are apt to interfere with the ,tackles4 ,in order to ship the ,levers expeditiously on the proper square1 both are to be marked with a cold chisel4 ,the ,fore ,carriage-,levers require the efforts of two men at each1 as the weight of the gun has most bearing there2 each of the other levers is readily worked by one man4 #aa ,principally to moisten the ,sponge1 which ought never to be omitted1 as there is nothing so effectual in extinguishing any fragments that might remain burning in the ,bore1 and cause accidental explosion in loading1 particularly in blank firing4 ,it is a mistake to suppose that this practice increases the foulness of the ,bore2 on the contrary1 it prevents it from hardening and accumulating1 as long experience has shown4 ,sometimes it is convenient for the ,spongers to dip the ,sponge alongside1 and they soon acquire the habit4 ,superfluous moisture is easily gotten rid of by twirling the ,sponge at the handle4 #ab ,were it practicable to hook a tackle so that it would move the gun1 even from amidships to the port1 without being shifted1 or were it prudent to leave the gun free while shifting the tackle1 there would be no need of a second tackle4 ,but it is not possible1 in pivoting1 to exert direct action for more than the eighth of a circle by one position of a tackle1 and it is absolutely dangerous at sea to leave the ,slide unconfined for an instant4 ,when1 therefore1 the ,outer-,tackle is a-block1 the second tackle must be hooked and set taut4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae ,these orders are to be executed in quick succession1 so as to be nearly simultaneous2 that is1 the compression is first relieved by backing its lever1 upon which the ,front-,levermen instantly bring the carriage on its trucks1 and the gun is run back by the ,in-,tackles1 the ,out-,tackles being eased gradually1 so as to check any violent movement2 for the trucks1 being fitted with friction rollers1 allow the heavy piece to move suddenly and rapidly4 #af ,the pivoting of so heavy a ,gun is the most complicated of all the operations with it1 and demands special drill4 ,when done to windward1 the hearty effort of the whole ,gun's crew is required1 particularly if there be much crown to the deck and no deck circles2 to leeward there is no difficulty1 and the time at sea to pivot from side to side may vary from four to seven minutes4 ,the advantage of the ,pivot-,boss will now appear1 as it secures the coincidence of the hole in ,slide with that of the ,socket1 and permits the ,bolt to be removed out or in easily4 ,hitherto the difficulty of doing so without a ,boss has caused delay1 and contributed more than any thing else to the objections entertained against such heavy ,ordnance1 which have been in nowise obviated by either the ,pivot ,shifting-,screws of our own ,navy1 or the ,pivot-,flap of the ,english ,navy4 #ag ,some difference of opinion may arise in regard to the shipping of these levers before the gun is run out1 and they are required for pointing4 ,to ship them now amounts to having them on the whole time--to which the only objection is1 that if on1 before wanted in pointing they may be in the way of the men2 and1 on the other hand1 if not on1 more attention may be demanded from #ae1 #af4 ,the question will not be material when the men are well drilled4 #ah ,the gun being now pivoted to the ,port1 the ,breechings should be shackled and the rear ,pivot-,bolt drawn1 in regular order4 ,but neither of these can be done without running out the gun a few feet4 ,for in order to pivot with the greatest ease1 the carriage had been previously run back on the ,slide to the rear ,hurter1 so as to bring the weight of the gun as near as possible to the ,rear pivot1 the very best position being with the ,trunnions of the ,gun just forward of the ,rear pivot4 ,the shackling of the ,breeching and the removal of the ,bolt are1 therefore1 deferred until the ,gun has been run out in the subsequent proceedings4 ,the ,breeching is always to be shackled to the ,ship's side--not to the ,slide1 which needlessly strains the pivoting1 and also causes the shackle with its appliances to interfere with the working parts at the forward end of the ,slide4 #ai ,it is generally expected that the ,compressors are to supersede the necessity for a ,breeching4 ,but experience shows that in firing it is better to rely habitually on the ,breeching1 and use the ,compressors to assist4 ,thus1 in firing to windward at ,sea1 the ,compressors are always to be set1 but only so hard as may be required to ease the shock on the ,breeching4 ,in firing to leeward1 the ,compressors are not wanted1 except to secure the gun in its place when in4 ,when the ,ship is not steady1 but rolling1 the discretion is to be exercised4 ,the ,preventer1 or ,inner ,breeching1 will be found indispensable to avoid accident when running out to leeward in a sea-way4 ,for with a trained crew1 and all precaution in handling the levers and ,in-,tackles1 there is a liability to the gun getting away1 in which case it moves out with great violence1 and may do serious damage4 ,on one such occasion an ,,xi-in4 gun cracked the stout iron straps of the ,compressors1 and seemed but just prevented from freeing itself entirely and going overboard over the ,port-sill4 ,not being able to replace the ,straps1 the ,compressors were useless till late in the cruise4 ,preventer ,breechings were then fitted1 and answered so well that the practice was continued at sea as usual4 ,they now form part of the equipment of all ,,xi-in4 guns1 and should be just taut when the gun is out1 and the ,trucks of the ,carriage reach but do not ascend the curve of the forward ,hurter4 #bj ,this is to detach from the bottom of the ,chamber the fragments of burnt ,flannel that are apt to adhere and solidify4 #ba ,this practice encumbers the deck1 and interferes materially at times with the management of the gun4 ,trial was therefore made on board the ,plymouth1 where the gun was on a covered deck1 of hooks attached to the beams above1 near each piece1 in which the ,sponges and ,rammers were placed after having been used4 ,the only objection was1 that too much time might be lost in so doing2 but after continued trials this was found not to be the case1 when the men had been properly trained4 #bb ,stopping the ,vent is omitted by many practised artillerists1 as unnecessary in extinguishing fragments of the cartridges4 ,but as so much importance has been and still is attached to its performance1 and it costs so little trouble1 it seems better to continue the practice1 particularly when so many accidents occur from premature explosion1 not only to untaught and careless people1 in saluting on holidays1 but also on shipboard1 where they ought not to happen4 #bc ,sometimes the box has been fitted too tightly to the ,shell1 or has contracted on it1 and delay is caused in loading4 ,this should be attended to in season4 #bd ,otherwise the stout stuff and seams found necessary with heavy charges might resist the primer1 and cause a failure to explode the powder4 #be ,it was the habit at the ,experimental ,battery1 and in the experimental cruise of the ,plymouth1 to mark the handle of the ,rammer1 so that there should be no doubt as to the charge being home4 ,this is always useful1 but particularly so in case of the gun bursting1 as it makes sure of an important fact4 #bf ,it is a common practice in loading1 to expend much zeal in striking the cartridge one or two blows to insure its being home1 which is quite unnecessary when the mark on the handle affords so much better evidence thereof4 #bg ,the ,,xi-in4 ,shell weighs1 when loaded1 #ace lbs42 the lifting and entering it into the muzzle was one of the objections of those who were opposed to the use of heavy calibres4 ,there was not one of the crew of the ,plymouths ,,xi-in4 gun who was not found able1 on trial1 to take up the ,shell and unassisted to put it in the ,bore1 when the ship was still4 ,at sea a very simple implement was used--an iron segment with a bent handle on opposite sides4 ,the ,shellmen1 #g1 #h1 turned the shell out of the box into this ladle1 placed on the deck near ,no4 #c1 the ,loader1 who1 when ready1 took the left handle1 and ,no4 #e 7the #b;d ,loader7 the right4 ,these two lifted the ,shell towards the muzzle1 and ,no4 #d 7,sponger71 standing on the ,slide1 received the right hand from ,no4 #e as soon as within reach4 ,no4 #c1 stepping on the ,slide1 and ,no4 #d continued to raise the ,shell to the muzzle1 which was not difficult1 because of the ,bore being conveniently high above the ,slide on which they were standing2 the ,sabot projecting beyond the ,ladle was entered into the muzzle1 and the ,shell pushed in1 ,no4 #e taking the ladle back and laying it on the deck4 #bh ,as this is very firmly fixed in the recess of the metal stock1 it is to be removed by pulling directly on the tail1 which1 if twisted1 will be likely to break1 and thus cause a loss of time4 ,the patch is passed to the ,gun ,captain1 who puts it in his belt-box1 and is afterwards handed to the ,quarter deck by the ,lieut4 of ,division1 in order to verify the number of shells fired4 ,when the ,fuze has been uncovered1 care must be taken not to let it be touched by the moisture of the hand1 or by the sea-water4 #bi ,as the blow might dislodge the priming of the ,fuze and prevent its ignition4 ,it is well to dispense with any wad1 even a grommet1 if possible4 #cj ,a good exemplification of the principle assumed for this exercise1 that when any one of the men has executed an order1 he shall not remain in position until the order is given which requires him elsewhere2 for he may not have any part in the next order1 or even in that second next1 as occurs after pivoting1 when only a few numbers participate in the following orders3 ,sponge--,load1 the remainder only doing so at the third following1 viz43 ,run ,out4 #ca ,no operation with this gun requires more care4 ,there is a weight of #bj1jjj lbs4 moving on friction ,rollers along a metal plate1 down an inclined plane--if once permitted to get loose and to be propelled by the motion of the ship1 the momentum is immense1 and must disable some of the apparatus1 perhaps the ,gun-,carriage itself4 ,on such an occasion the preventer breeching is invaluable1 and will be the best safeguard1 if fitted so that when well stretched it will not permit the fore trucks to ascend on the curve of the ,fore-hurter1 for it is this which strains the strap of the ,compressor4 ,permitting the gun to go out with much force also displaces the shell1 whether a grommet-wad be used or not4 #cb ,to windward1 with a steady inclination1 the precautions used to leeward are unnecessary4 ,on the contrary1 the difficulty is to move so great a weight up the inclined plane4 ,therefore1 the carriage is released from all restraint1 and all the available force put at the ,out-,tackles1 taking advantage also of whatever roll there may be to windward4 #cc ,this must1 of course1 be regulated by circumstances1 as already mentioned in ,note #aj2 as to windward1 set the compressors moderately2 to leeward1 not at all2 off the wind1 according to the roll4 ,let the compression be so adjusted as to allow the muzzle just to come in4 #cd ,it is an old custom for the ,gun ,captain to keep the ,priming-,wire in the vent while the loading is going on1 feeling from time to time if the charge is home4 ,it is a bad practice1 because there is a liability of being caught by the charge as it comes along the ,bore1 and having the wire bent1 thus spiking the vent1 for a while at least4 ,the mark on the ,rammer handle is the best evidence that the charge is in place4 ,the object now is only to clear the vent of pieces of cartridge stuff1 which not unfrequently get into the vent1 and choke it so as to prevent the primer from exploding the powder4 #ce ,though the primers seldom fail to penetrate the flannel stuff of the cartridge1 it is well to pierce the latter with the wire1 so as not to omit any means that may insure the instant discharge of the gun4 #cf ,the ,sight-,bar of the ,,xi-in4 ,gun is graduated to its own charge only2 if reduced charges are ever used1 it will only be at short distances1 when the gun needs no elevation4 ,the ,bar will then be down entirely1 its head resting on the ,box4 #cg ,one turn of which is equal to one degree of the quadrant1 and may be of service when the ,sight-,bars are not4 ,the carriages of ,gun ,sloops and other vessels carrying ,,xi-in4 guns allow of an elevation of #bj deg44 #ch ,when the vessels are moving1 it is best to train the gun a little ahead1 watching when the object draws in line2 then1 as the roll brings the piece right in elevation1 it is fired4 #ci ,many officers are of the opinion that this order should be divided--,load with ,cartridge1 and ,load with ,shell4 ,but those guns would be very badly served which should wait until this time to give the order for the species of projectile or class of fuze required4 ,after ,load1 is the proper time to give subsidiary order to ,shellmen what projectile and length of fuze to bring for next fire4 #dj ,in #aj1jjj fires1 when testing guns of different calibres1 with the regulation locks1 less than fifty primers failed from all causes4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,rifled ,,cannon4 #chd4 ,the rifled cannon at present in service are-- ,,parrott4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,denomination4 ,,weight4 ,,charge4 ,,weight ,,weight ,,of ,,of ,,shell4 ,,shot4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ lbs4 #f4d-;inch1 or #ajj-pounder #i1gjj #h lbs4 rifle4 #hj lbs4 #gj lbs4 #e4c-;inch1 or #fj-pounder #e1djj #f lbs4 rifle4 #ej lbs4 #fj lbs4 #d4b-;inch1 or #cj-pounder #c1eej #c-a_/d lbs4 cannon4 #bi lbs4 #cj lbs4 #c4fg-;inch1 or #bj-pounder #a1gej #b lbs4 cannon4 #ah lbs4 #bj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,dahlgren4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,denomination4 ,,weight4 ,,charge4 ,,weight ,,charge4 ,,of ,,shell4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- lbs4 #d-;inch1 or #bj-pounder1 bronze howitzer #a1cdj #b lbs4 cannon4 #ah lbs4 #j4hf lb4 #c4d-;inch1 or #ab-pounder1 bronze howitzer #hhj #a lb4 cannon4 #aa lbs4 #j4ej lb4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #che4 ,,charges ,,for ,,parrott',s ,,shell4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #h-;,,inch4 #ajj-,,pdr4 #fj-,,pdr4 #cj-,,pdr4 #bj-,,pdr4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- lbs4 oz4 lbs4 oz4 lbs4 oz4 lbs4 oz4 lb4 oz4 ,long -- -- #c4d #a4h #a4 ,short -- #c4aa #b4b -- -- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #chf4 ,,shell ,,and ,,shot ,,gauges4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #ajj-,,pdr4 #fj-,,pdr4 #hj-,,pdr4 #bj-,,pdr4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,greatest #f4cf #e4bg #d4ag #c4fd ,true diameter #f4ce #e4bf #d4ae #c4fc ,least #f4cc #e4bd #d4ad #c4fa ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #chg4 ,in the rifle-guns of ,mr4 ,parrott1 provisionally adopted1 it is intended to retain the full charge of powder which a smooth-bore gun of the same calibre would have with a round shot4 ,the projectile for the rifled gun is to be usually ten times the weight of this charge4#da #chh4 ,to obtain greater initial velocity1 projectiles of less than the full weight have been provided--solid shot of #gj pounds for the #ajj-pounder1 with the front end chilled4 ,such projectiles1 though not suited for long ranges1 will be effective at #a1jjj yards or less1 and are well calculated to act against oblique surfaces of iron4 #chi4 ,the powder for the #ajj-pounder and #fj-pounder should be of ,rifle 7or1 as formerly called1 ,no4 #g73--;for the smaller calibres1 #cj-pounder and #bj-pounder1 of ,navy cannon powder4 ,the cartridge-bags are the same as those prescribed for similar calibres of smooth-bore guns4 #cij4 ,the ,parrott guns have been arranged for the use of a certain kind of projectile1 supplied by the inventor4 ,these have reference not only to the calibre and mode of rifling1 but to the design of the gun itself4 ,for these reasons1 the inventor objects to the use of any other than his own form of projectile in the guns of his invention4 ,this request has been acceded to in the heavier calibres4 ,the shells of ,schenkl and ,hotchkiss have also been used1 however1 in the smaller calibres4 ,it is not considered expedient to describe these projectiles1 and it is therefore directed that the ,commander1 ,executive ,officer1 and ,gunner shall make themselves thoroughly acquainted with their construction1 and the percussion and time fuzes issued with them1 before sailing4 ,the ,ordnance ,officer will furnish them with any information on these subjects in his possession4 #cia4 ,the projectiles consist of shells1 shrapnel1 and solid shot4 ,all rifled projectiles used in the ,navy are of the expanding class2 that is1 forced into the grooves by the action of the charge of powder1 and require no other precautions in loading than common spherical shells4 #cib4 ,it is1 however1 essential-- #ast4 ,that the base of every rifle-projectile1 especially the ,parrott1 shall be thickly greased before entering it into the gun4#db ,for this purpose common pork slush1 prepared by several washings in hot fresh water1 may be used4 #b;d4 ,that the bores of all guns shall be frequently washed1 the grooves of rifled guns cleaned of all residuum and dirt1 and a moist sponge invariably used4 ,after firing1 the bore should be oiled with a sponge4 ,the attention of ,commanding ,officers is especially called to this requirement2 and the ,bureau desires that the action of ,parrott's and other rifle-projectiles fired under the above conditions1 may be carefully observed and reported2 for it is believed that nearly all the failures of projectiles in actual service result from the grooves being filled1 after a few rounds1 with a hardened residuum of powder4 #cic4 ,it is also necessary that the shell shall be close home on the powder1 otherwise the necessary expansion will not take place1 and the shell will tumble immediately after leaving the gun1 utterly destroying its range and accuracy4 #cid4 ,in order to be certain that the projectile is properly home1 the rammer-handle must be marked to indicate it4 #cie4 ,it is very important that dirt1 sand1 or other foreign substances should not be carried into the gun on the sponge or the projectile1 or by the wind in batteries on shore4 ,in using guns on shore1 a canvas muzzle-bag1 a soft wad1 or a light stopper of wood1 suggest themselves as means of security during the interval between loading and firing the gun4 ,the cover or stopper might be removed1 or left to be blown away at each discharge4 ,the longer the interval above alluded to1 and the higher the elevation at which the gun is kept1 the more important and necessary are these precautions4 #cif4 ,much care is taken to give the projectiles uniformity of size2 and if the powder is of suitable quality1 those now supplied will almost invariably take the grooves4 ,should difficulty in this respect1 however1 be experienced1 it may be remedied by separating the brass ring from the iron at three or four points of the circumference4 ,this should be done with a cold chisel1 very slightly1 and so as not to interfere with the loading4 ,it is only necessary to sever the contact of the two metals4 #cig4 ,as the projectile slides in the gun with very little friction1 particularly when greased1 the gun should therefore be elevated and eased out when firing to leeward1 that the shot may not be started from its seat4 ,an experiment to test this1 showed that running a #ajj-pounder out with the force of its crew against the forward hurter1 the gun being level1 started the shot forward nearly two feet4 ,placing a grommet or other wad over elongated projectiles is positively prohibited4 #cih4 ,the #ajj-pounder and #fj-pounder guns being1 respectively1 of the calibres of the #cb-pounder and #ah-pounder spherical shot1 and fired with the same charges1 these shot may be fired from them with excellent effect1 particularly on ricochet4 ,the round shot should be sewed up in canvas or felt1 strapped to a sabot1 or snaked between two grommet-wads4 #cii4 ,both percussion and time fuzes are supplied for these rifle-guns4 ,when the object to be fired at presents a sufficient resistance1 such as masses of timber or earth1 ships1 or solidly-built houses1 the percussion-fuzes alone should be used from rifled cannon4 ,they will1 however1 frequently fail to explode the shell at long ranges1 owing to the shell not striking on its apex2 or1 if fired into loose earth1 which checks its momentum too slowly to make the plunger strike with sufficient force4 #djj4 ,it has been observed that time-fuzes burn with greater rapidity in shell thrown from rifled cannon4 ,being in front1 they are subjected to greater pressure from the air4 ,a similar effect is produced when the fuze is confined under a water-cap1 as in the naval time-fuze4 #dja4 ,the fuze-holes of the heavy shells are cast larger than the diameter of the regular fuze-stocks of the navy1 which can1 however1 be used with the aid of a bouching or an adapting ring1 always sent with the shells4 ,this bouching has heretofore been made of cast zinc4 ,others with a flange and washer and the thread cut are now supplied1 and the use of the old rings is prohibited4 #djb4 ,if it be desired to explode the shell in front of or in the midst of a body of troops1 or after having penetrated some resisting obstacle1 the time-fuze should be used4 ,this is the only fuze to be used with shrapnel4 #djc4 ,the ,vent is made in a bouching of pure copper screwed into the gun4 ,in the largest calibres the interior orifice is lined with platinum4 ,the upper portion of the copper in naval guns is replaced by steel1 to obtain a harder surface for receiving the blow of the hammer4 ,the steel is three-fourths 7#c_/d7 of an inch thick4 ,a new vent can be readily put in1 after getting out the old one1 without injury to the screw-thread4 ,this can be done by boring out the bouching with a drill1 which leaves a thin shell containing the thread4 ,into the hole thus made insert a square mandrel about four inches1 driving it lightly2 by wrenching it1 a portion of the shell of the bouching can be detached and removed by unscrewing4 ,this may be repeated1 and the whole of the old copper removed4 ,the screw-thread is then to be cleaned out1 and the new vent-plug screwed in4 #djd4 ,,sights4--,these consist of a fixed sight upon the right rimbase1 and a brass movable sight placed in a socket which is screwed into the rear of the reinforce at the breech of the gun4 ,the movable sight is furnished with a sliding eye-piece1 and is graduated up to #aj deg44 ,the eye-piece is also capable of lateral adjustment to allow for the drift as far as #aj deg41 and for the effect of the wind4 ,it is desirable that the sights should be placed on both sides of the breech2 otherwise1 in firing from a port at extreme train1 there is a considerable loss of lateral aim4 ,furthermore1 with the sight on the right rimbase1 it is not convenient for the #b;d ,captain to attend the screw without interfering with the aim4 #dje4 ,these guns are all rifled to the right1 by which it is understood that the upper surface of the projectile is made to turn from left to right1 the observer looking from the breech towards the muzzle of the gun4 #djf4 ,,drift4--,this is a deviation caused by the direction of the rifling1 is always to the right when uninfluenced by the wind1 and is to be allowed for4 #djg4 ,the drift is in practice confounded with the deviation produced by the direction and force of the wind1 which may either annul or increase it1 according to whether it blows from right or left across the line of fire4 ,at long range it is also necessary to consider the motion of the vessel across the line of fire4 ,suppose this to be at the rate of six knots1 and the gun is elevated #ae deg41 the time of flight would be by the ,tables1 #ah sec41 while the deviation arising from this cause would be upwards of #fj yards4 ,it is therefore of great importance that the ,captain of the gun shall be carefully instructed in making this adjustment of the eye-piece4 #djh4 ,,elevating ,,screw4--,to obtain readily the changes of elevation necessary in the use of rifled cannon1 the heavier calibres are made with very small preponderance1 and are supplied with an elevating screw which is attached to the carriage at the lower end1 while the nut is connected with the cascabel of the gun4 ,both screw and nut admit of movements by which the screw can take any position required in the various degrees of elevation4 ,the parts should be allowed a certain amount of play2 if binding is prevented1 it is believed that the evident advantages of the screw may always be obtained4 #dji4 ,,ranges ,,and ,,time ,,of ,,flight4--,so far as ascertained1 are contained in ,table ,,vii41 ,appendix ,b4 #daj4 ,,precautions ,,to ,,be ,,observed4--,in the use of these rifled cannon1 it is of the utmost importance that all the directions relative to the lubrication of the shell1 its being close home1 charge and kind of powder used1 and lining of the shells1 shall be carefully observed4 ,many premature explosions of shells having taken place in these guns1 which are attributed to various causes1 such as1--defects of metal1 porosity1 faulty fuzes1 concussion and friction of the powder within the shell1--it is ordered that1 on the occurrence of a premature explosion or rupture of a shell within the gun1 it shall be immediately washed out and a careful examination made of the interior of the bore1 by the mirror and by taking impressions in wax 7see ,mode of ,taking ,impressions1 p4 #af1 ,part ,,iii471 and all the circumstances of the case reported to the ,bureau1 specifying the kind and calibre of the shells1 kind of fuzes1 the charge and kind of powder1 with its manufacturer's name3 and1 ,were the shells filled completely1 and with what kind of powder8 ,were the shells coated inside with any kind of composition8 ,are any cracks or marks of scoring visible in the bores8 ,in rifled cannon1 cracks or injuries produced by firing1 or the rupture of shells1 are to be sought for--thus1 #a4 ,around and in rear of the vent-bouching4 #b4 ,on the top of the bore1 between the trunnions and reinforce-band4 #c4 ,on the lower side of the bore1 near the seat of the shot1 at the junction of the lands and grooves4 #d4 ,near the inside of the muzzle1 caused by explosion of shells4 ,although shells have been frequently ruptured in the guns without leaving any visible traces of injury1 yet they may be developed after a certain number of rounds4 ,thus1 in proving a gun at ,west ,point1 a shell exploded in the gun at the second fire3 on examination1 no traces of injury could be perceived2 but1 on a re-examination of the gun after the tenth fire1 a fine transverse crack was discovered in the rear of the vent1 extending two-thirds round the bore4 ,it is therefore important that frequent examinations shall be made1 even if no apparent injuries exist1 as it is the opinion of the inventor of the guns that the principal1 if not the only cause of failure of these guns in service1 is due to the rupture of shells within the bore4 ,experiments have been made1 and are still in progress1 which appear to show that these premature explosions may be to a great extent obviated1 if not altogether prevented1 by lining or coating the rough surface of the interior of the shell with a smooth and elastic coating4 ,all rifle-shells1 except those for howitzers1 before being issued for service1 shall therefore be lined or coated on the interior with a mixture composed of-- #af ounces of soap--common yellow1 not salt-water soap4 #g ounces of tallow4 #g ounces of rosin4 ,the tallow should be melted first1 then melt and add the rosin1 and1 lastly1 the soap1 bringing the mass to a heat that will make it very fluid4 ,the shells having been first thoroughly cleaned1 fill them about one-third full of the composition1 roll them slowly so as to spread the mixture over the whole interior surface1 and then pour off the residue4 ,this coating should be about five-hundredths 7#j4je7 of an inch in thickness1 and is expected1 from a series of experiments made for the purpose1 to prevent the premature explosion of shells in the bores of rifled guns4 ,the ,bureau further directs that hereafter the charge of the #ajj-pounder1 or #f4d inch1 ,parrott rifle1 shall be reduced to eight 7#h7 pounds of rifle1 or ,no4 #g powder1 and that only the short shell or solid shot1 not exceeding eighty 7#hj7 pounds weight1 and spherical projectiles1 prepared as directed in the ,circulars of ,february #bdth and ,july #fth1 #ahfd1 be used in this gun4 #daa4 ,,exterior ,,dimensions ,,of ,,boxes ,,containing ,,parrott',s ,,projectiles4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,long4 ,,wide4 ,,high4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,inches4 ,inches4 ,inches4 #ajj-pounder1 short #a #ah-c_/d #h-c_/d #h-c_/d #fj-pounder1 #cj-pounder1 containing #aj #be-a_/d #aa #ae-c_/d #bj-pounder1 containing #aj #be-a_/d #aj-a_/b #ac ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #dab4 ,,hotchkiss',s ,,projectile ,,for #bj-,,pounder ,,and #ab-,,pounder ,,howitzer4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj-pounder1 containing #e #bd #ab #f-a_/b #ab-pounder1 containing #aj #bj #i #i ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #dac4 ,,schenkl',s ,,projectile ,,for #bj-,,pounder ,,and #ab-,,pounder ,,howitzer4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj-pounder1 containing #e #bd #ad #g #ab-pounder1 containing #aj #bb-a_/d #i-a_/b #aa-a_/b ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #dad4 ,j4,a4,d4 ,,projectile ,,for #bj-,,pounder ,,and #ab-,,pounder ,,howitzer4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj-pounder1 containing #c #ae #ab-a_/d #g #ab-pounder1 containing #e #ai #aj-a_/d #f ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,footnotes3 #da ,owing to the recent accidents which have taken place with these guns1 the #aej-pounder has been withdrawn from service1 and the charge of the #ajj-pounder provisionally reduced to eight 7#h7 lbs4 of ,rifle powder1 and the short shell of eighty 7#hj7 lbs4 only is to be used4 #db ,the ,schenkl1 ,hotchkiss1 and some other projectiles1 have a small quantity of grease attached4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,monitors4 ,the diagram represents the interior arrangement of the turret of the ,monitors for the long and short ,,xv-inch guns4 #dae4 ,,nomenclature4 ,a4 ,ammunition-scuttle4 ,b4 ,starting-bar for revolving turret and training gun4 ,c4 ,shaft on which turret revolves4 ,d4 ,travelling-bar on which moves the shell-whip4 ,e4 ,position of ,engineer stationed at bar to revolve turret and train guns4 ,f4 ,compressor-wheel to check recoil1 hove taut before firing4 ,g4 ,crank for running gun in and out4 ,h4 ,smoke-box of ,,xv-inch 7,passaic class74 ,o4 ,officer at sight-hole4 ,p4 ,port-hole4 ,r4 ,port-stopper4 ,s4 ,sight-hole4 #daf4 ,in the ,passaic class the ports for the ,,xv-in4 gun are only of sufficient dimensions to allow the passage of the shot at such elevations and depressions as were judged necessary3 the gun being fired entirely within the turret4 ,in order to protect the crew of the gun from the blast of the explosion1 the smoke-box was devised1 which to a certain extent accomplished the desired object1 but at the expense of rapidity of loading4 #dag4 ,in designing the ,tecumseh class it was decided to enlarge the port1 so as to allow the face of the muzzle to run out flush with the exterior of the turret4 ,the gun was therefore lengthened sixteen 7#af7 inches1 and the muzzle turned down to the minimum size4 #dah4 ,the contracted space within the turret rendered it necessary to introduce additional mechanical aids in lieu of manual labor in running out1 loading1 and checking the recoil4 ,illustration3 ,,monitor ,,turret4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #dai4 ,the exercise therefore conforms to the established exercise for great guns only as far as circumstances will admit4 ,the gun is supposed to be run in1 and not loaded4 #dbj4 ,,words ,,of ,,command4 ,i4 ,,provide ,,the ,,gun6 ,,ii4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,,iii4 ,,load6 ,,iv4 ,,prime6 ,v4 ,,elevate6 7,,or ,,depress74 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 ,,vii4 ,,train6 ,,viii4 ,,ready--,,fire6 ,,ix4 ,,run ,,in6 ,x4 ,,secure6 ,,manual ,,exercise4 7,,right ,,gun47 ,,ii4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 #dba4 ,gun ,captain serves1 then stops the ,vent4 ,no4 #c passes to left of muzzle4 ,no4 #d receives the moist ,sponge-head from #f1 and1 assisted by #c1 enters it in the ,bore and forces it down as far as the first section4 ,no4 #f passes the successive sections of the staff to #d as needed1 and receives them from him as the sponge is withdrawn4 ,after the sponge is withdrawn1 ,captain serves the ,vent with his priming-wire1 and again closes it4 ,,iii4 ,,load6 #dbb4 ,no4 #d receives ,cartridge from #e1 to whom the box has been passed by #ac1 assisted by #c1 enters it in the ,bore2 receives ,rammer-head and successive sections from #f1 and1 assisted by #c1 rams home4 ,nos4 #c and #d fall back from the muzzle4 ,gun ,captain serves the ,vent to feel if the ,charge is home4 ,nos4 #c and #d return the rammer4 ,nos4 #g and #h1 #aa and #ab whip up ,shot 7or shell71 as has been previously ordered4 ,nos4 #aa and #ab choke luff of whip4 ,nos4 #g and #h run shot 7or shell7 to the muzzle4 ,no4 #e1 assisted1 if necessary1 by ,no4 #f1 bears over1 when #c and #d enter and ram home by sections4 ,no4 #d removes ,patches and passes them to #g1 who hands them to ,gun ,captain4 ,,iv4 ,,prime6 #dbc4 ,gun ,captain again makes sure that the ,vent is clear4 ,no4 #b primes with priming-powder from a flask or a blank musket-cartridge4 ,v4 ,,elevate6 7,,or ,,depress74 7,always done before running out47 #dbd4 ,no4 #b handles lever of ,elevating screw under the direction of the ,officer of the piece1 who sets the trunnion-sight at the proper degree of elevation and clamps it there4 ,when the bubble of the trunnion-level is in the centre1--,well4 ,nos4 #c and #d lift the muzzle by a section of the rammer-handle2 the preponderance not being sufficient to overcome the friction of the trunnions in the cap-squares4 ,no4 #c passes to the right of the muzzle4 ,,vi4 ,,run ,,out6 #dbe4 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #aa1 and #ab man ,truck-crank to run out4 ,nos4 #i and #aj ease compressor4 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e1 and #f man port-tackle3 as muzzle approaches port-stopper1 ,open ,port6 ,as soon as the gun is out1 ,nos4 #aa and #ab unship truck-crank and place it clear of gun-slide4 ,no4 #i to ,compressor-wheel1 which he heaves hand taut4 ,no #aj ships ratchet-levers and heaves well taut4#dc ,gun ,captain inserts percussion-primer4 ,,vii4 ,,train ,,right6 7,,or ,,left74 #dbf4 ,the officer of the gun sights through sight-hole1 and orders ,right6 or ,left6 as the muzzle is to go4 ,the ,engineer at the starting-bar revolves the turret4 ,no4 #a to lock-string2 when the object comes in view1 ,officer of piece gives order4 ,,viii4 ,,ready--,,fire6 #dbg4 ,gun ,captain pulls lock-string4 ,no4 #c lets go port-tackle4 ,no4 #e closes port4 ,engineer revolves the turret so as to point the gun abeam4 7,this gets the scuttle clear for passing up ammunition47 ,illustration3 ,,trunnion ,,ledge ,,and ,,level ,,for ,,xv ,,inch ,,gun4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,if necessary1 ,nos4 #aa and #ab ship crank1 and1 with #g and #h1 run the gun in2 ,nos4 #i and #aj easing compressor4 ,no4 #aj ships ratchet-lever to ease compressor1 ,no4 #i easing it further by hand4 ,the gun is now ready for loading1 and the exercise proceeds as before4 #dbh4 ,the exercise of the left gun is in all respects the same1 except that ,nos4 #c and #d exchange duties4 #dbi4 ,the crew of the ,,xv-in4 gun consists ordinarily of #ad men1 but the gun may be readily worked by #h men2 indeed1 some officers prefer the smaller number as being equally efficient1 giving more room in the turret1 and affording the very great advantage of relief crews during a protracted engagement4 ,the same remarks apply to the ,,xi-in4 gun4 ,,working ,,xv-,,in4 ,,by ,,half-,,crew4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 #dcj4 ,no4 #a stops vent4 #c passes to left of muzzle4 #e passes sponge-head and sections as required to #c1 and assists in sponging4 ,,load6 #dca4 ,no4 #ac receives passing-box at scuttle and holds it to #e4 #e receives cartridge from #ac1 enters it in muzzle1 passes rammer-head and sections1 and1 assisted by #c1 rams home4 ,gun ,captain serves the vent1 #c and #e falling back4 ,nos4 #i1 #aa1 #ac1 and #ae whip up shell and attend it to muzzle4 ,nos4 #e and #c steady shell and enter it in muzzle4 ,no4 #e removes patch1 passes it to #g1 who hands it to #a4 ,nos4 #e and #c ram home by sections as before4 ,,elevate6 #dcb4 ,nos4 #c and #e raise muzzle by section of rammer4 ,no4 #a tends elevating screw4 ,,prime6 #dcc4 ,no4 #a serves vent and primes with powder4 ,,run ,,out6 #dcd4 ,nos4 #g1 #aa1 and #ae man crank4 ,no4 #i eases compressor4 ,nos4 #c1 #e1 and #ac open port4 ,when out1 ,no4 #a1 ,gun ,captain1 inserts percussion-primer4 ,no4 #aa unships crank4 ,no4 #i heaves compressor hand taut4 ,no4 #ae ships lever and heaves well taut4 ,the gun is trained as before4 ,,fire6 #dce4 ,nos4 #c and #e close port4 ,nos4 #g1 #aa1 and #ae man crank1 and #i eases compressor4 ,the above is given for the #ast part of gun's crew2 for #b;d part substitute next high numbers in each station4 ,,shell ,,and ,,powder ,,division4 #dcf4 ,to the ,shell and ,powder ,division is assigned the most laborious and difficult of all the duties--that of keeping up a supply of projectiles4 #dcg4 ,it is therefore necessary to have it strongly manned1 and a system of frequent reliefs for all the important stations1 particularly in the magazine and shell-locker4 #dch4 ,there are required three gangs of four each for the passage of projectiles3 one to whip them out of the hold1 or shell-room2 a second to pass them to the door of the turret-chamber2 and a third to pass them to the scuttle and adjust them in the bearer4 ,when working with half-crews1 the third gang assists at the shell-whip1 the fall being dropped down to them4 #dci4 ,the ,,xv-in4 passing-box requires two men to carry it to the turret-chamber4 #ddj4 ,the allowance of projectiles can only be determined by the character of the service expected1 and the stowage capacity of the vessel1 which is limited to about #aej rounds per gun for sea-service4 #dda4 ,by reason of the contracted space in these vessels1 all shell should be filled1 and all powder must be made up into cartridges4 #ddb4 ,all ,,xv-in4 shell shall be fitted with three fuze-holes1 and issued for service fuzed with #c-a_/b1 #e1 and #g seconds fuzes4 #ddc4 ,when the distance of the object is known to be less than the range of the shortest fuze1 and time will admit of doing so1 uncap all the fuzes4 ,at other times uncap the fuze suited to the distance1 and the one of longest time of burning4 ,illustration3 ,,nomenclature ,,of #ac ,,inch ,,mortar4 ,,carriage ,,and ,,circle4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,footnotes3 #dc ,the compressor-shaft should be marked as a guide to ,no4 #a to know when compressed sufficiently4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,mortars4 #ddd4 ,,titles ,,of ,,mortar ,,crew4 7,see ,diagram #a47 ,no4 #a4 ,first ,captain4 ,no4 #b4 ,second ,captain4 ,no4 #c4 ,first ,loader and ,trainer4 ,no4 #d4 ,first ,sponger and ,trainer4 ,no4 #e4 ,second ,loader1 ,front ,eccentric ,trainer4 ,no4 #f4 ,second ,sponger1 ,front ,eccentric ,trainer4 ,no4 #g4 ,left ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-carrier4 ,no4 #h4 ,right ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-carrier4 ,no4 #i4 ,left ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-hoister4 ,no4 #aj4 ,right ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-hoister4 ,no4 #aa4 ,rear ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-hoister4 ,no4 #ab4 ,rear ,circle ,eccentric ,trainer and ,shell-hoister4 ,no4 #ac4 ,powder-man4 ,during exercise or action1 ,nos4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 and #ab1 in addition to their other duties1 will hoist up shell from below4 #dde4 ,,implements ,,and ,,equipments4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,articles4 ,,where ,,they ,,are ,,placed4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,handspikes4 ,two on each side of the bed against the cheeks1 leaning upon the manoeuvring-bolts1 the ends towards the vessel's sides1 and those of the front handspikes even with the front of the cheeks4 ,haversack4 ,containing fuzes1 and a pair of sleeves1 attached to the tompion4 ,tube-pouch4 ,containing the priming-wire1 friction-tubes1 and lanyard1 attached to the tompion1 and lying on the mortar4 ,gunner's ,pouch4 ,containing gunner's level1 gimlet1 vent-punch and chalk1 attached to tompion4 ,quadrant4 ,plummet4 ,scraper4 ,in a basket between the cheeks of the mortar-bed4 ,wiper4 ,shell-hooks4 ,tompion4 ,in the muzzle4 ,quoin4 ,under the mortar upon the bolster1 with handle to the left4 ,maul4 ,wrench4 ,with the basket4 ,pincers4 ,broom4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,directly over each mortar must be rigged a gun-tackle purchase-whip1 with seven-inch block1 to whip up and lower the bomb into the mortar4 ,one empty bomb and one empty cartridge-bag must be ready for drill4 ,illustration3 ,,silence ,diagram #a4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,manual ,,exercise4 ,,xiii-,,in4 ,,mortar4 #ddf4 ,,words ,,of ,,command4 ,i4 ,,silence6 ,,ii4 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 ,,iii4 ,,train6 7,,right ,,or ,,left74 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 ,v4 ,,load6 ,,vi4 ,,elevate6 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 ,,viii4 ,,ready--,,fire6 ,,ix4 ,,mortar ,,front6 ,x4 ,,secure6 ,the exercise commences with the supposition that the ,mortar is secured fore and aft1 but not loaded4 ,i4 ,,silence6 7,diagram #a47 #ddg4 ,at this preparatory order the strictest silence is to be observed4 ,the ,captain faces the breech1 the men on the right and left stand facing the mortar2 all fix their eyes on the ,captain1 and attentively wait for orders4 ,,ii4 ,,cast ,,loose ,,and ,,provide6 7,diagram #b47 #ddh4 #ast ,captain commands2 sees his mortar cleared and cast loose2 canvas covers taken off2 ,eccentric ,bars in their place2 ,train-,tackles overhauled and placed fore and aft on deck2 ,shell-whip hooked into mast-head span2 small shell-hooks moused on lower block of shell-whip2 ,shell-tongs ready for use2 ,grommet for resting shell on deck at hand2 basket of implements on deck to the rear of mortar2 ,tompion taken out and placed to the rear2 sees that there is a ,gunner's ,quadrant and plumb-line in the basket2 a boring-bit between beckets2 a breeching and tackle1 if it should be wanted2 buckles on his waist-belt1 furnished with a primer-box2 equips himself with a priming-wire and lanyard2 places elevating lever on the right side of mortar ready for use4 #b;d ,captain gets basket of implements and spirit-level from the ,gunner2 places basket on deck to the rear of the mortar2 screws spirit-level to trunnion1 and adjusts it to an angle of #de deg4 with the axis of the bore4 ,no4 #c1 ,first ,loader1 removes mortar-cover2 takes out tompion and places it to the rear of mortar-circle1 out of the way2 provides grommet for resting shell on deck2 gets scrapers and spatulas out of basket4 ,no4 #d1 ,first ,sponger1 assists in removing mortar-cover2 gets his sleeves out of basket and puts them on2 provides an empty cartridge-bag for wiping shell4 ,nos4 #e and #f1 ,second ,loader and ,second ,sponger1 hook shell-whip into mast-head span1 and bring it perpendicular over the bore2 mouse small shell-hooks on to lower block2 get breechings and tackles ready for hooking2 ship front eccentric bars4 ,nos4 #g and #h1 ,shell-carriers1 get shell-tongs for carrying shell2 assist in shipping eccentric bars on their respective sides of circle4 ,nos4 #i and #aa overhaul left train-tackle to its full length1 and place it on deck fore and aft1 near the ship's side2 ship left circle eccentric bar1 and place lever for carriage-eccentric on the circle1 butt to the front1 and close to the side of carriage4 ,nos4 #aj and #ab execute the same duties on the right side of the mortar4 ,nos4 #aa and #ab also ship rear eccentrics4 ,nos4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 hook tackles for hoisting shell from below4 ,no4 #ac1 ,powder-man1 repairs to the proper scuttle for his passing-box1 returns1 and stands a little to the left and in rear of the circle4 ,,iii4 ,,train6 7,,right ,,or ,,left74 7,diagram #c47 #ddi4 ,nos4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 and #ab1 throw circle eccentric into gear1 and pin eccentric bars down4 ,nos4 #e and #f then hook double blocks of train-tackles into circle on their respective sides4 ,all the crew1 except ,nos4 #a and #b1 will bowse on train-tackles1 until the mortar is in the desired direction1 when the order ,well6 will be given by ,no4 #b1 who attends spirit-level and trunnion-sight4 ,at the command ,well6 ,nos4 #e and #f1 #aa and #ab will unhook their respective blocks and lay the train-tackle fore and aft on deck1 near the ship's side2 ,nos4 #e and #f1 #g and #i1 #h and #aj1 #aa and #ab1 throw the circle eccentrics out of gear4 ,,iv4 ,,serve ,,vent ,,and ,,sponge6 #dej4 #ast ,captain inserts his priming-wire and clears the vent4 ,no4 #c scrapes the chamber and bore1 removes scrapings with the spoon4 ,no4 #d takes the empty cartridge-bag and wipes out the mortar1 then uses the sponge to thoroughly cleanse the chamber and bore2 as soon as this operation is performed1 the ,captain again serves the vent4 ,should there be any fire or dirt pushed down1 the sponging will be repeated4 ,illustration3 ,,train4 ,diagram #b4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,right ,,or ,,left ,diagram #c4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,v4 ,,load6 #dea4 ,the ,powder-man1 ,no4 #ac1 goes to the scuttle for a cartridge1 and brings it to ,no4 #c 7always passing on the side not engaged71 who empties it carefully into the chamber1 keeping the cartridge-bag in his hand1 to be used in wiping the shell before it is lowered into the bore4 ,no4 #d takes spatulas1 levels off the powder1 and calls out ,shell6 which is brought to the front of the mortar by ,nos4 #g and #h1 ,shell-carriers1 and landed in the grommet1 which has been put in its proper place by ,no4 #e4 ,nos4 #e and #f hook shell on and whip it up2 when high enough1 ,no4 #c calls out1 ,high6 wipes it clean with empty cartridge-bag1 and1 assisted by ,no4 #d1 steadies it over the bore2 it is then lowered carefully upon the charge1 keeping the fuze exactly in the axis of the bore4 ,no4 #d then removes the paper covering and exposes the priming of the fuze1 handing the covering to ,no4 #b1 as an evidence that it has been removed4 ,after an exercise or an action1 these paper coverings will be compared with the account kept by the ,officer having charge of the ,powder ,division4 ,nos4 #c and #d now step down on deck1 ready to assist in training1 should any be required4 ,,vi4 ,,elevate6 #deb4 ,the #b;d ,captain1 having adjusted the trunnion-sight#dd to a given angle with the axis of the bore 7usually #de deg471 orders ,raise or ,lower2 and at the same time the #ast ,captain inserts the elevating lever through elevating loop1 on to ratchet1 and raises or lowers according to direction from #b;d ,captain1 who will give the word ,well6 when the mortar has its proper elevation4 ,,vii4 ,,prime6 #dec4 #ast ,captain inserts his priming-wire to ascertain that the vent is clear2 takes a friction-primer1 raises the loop nearly in line with the spur1 hooks it on his lanyard and inserts the primer into the vent1 being careful that the lanyard has been led through the loop at the rear of mortar-carriage for that purpose2 then retires to the rear of mortar to the full length of the lanyard1 and gives the word4 ,officer in charge takes station to watch the effect of the bomb1 which shall be recorded in a suitably ruled note-book4 ,,viii4 ,,ready--,,fire6 #ded4 ,at the word ,fire6 the ,captain pulls the lanyard with a quick draw3 there should be a pause of about two seconds between the words ,ready and ,fire1 in order to allow every one time to retire to the rear4#de ,,ix4 ,,mortar--,,front6 #dee4 ,nos4 #a and #e1 on the left side1 ,nos4 #b and #f1 on the right side1 step on the circle2 take carriage eccentric levers and throw eccentrics into gear2 withdraw the lever from the sockets1 and insert them into holes in the wheel1 and heave the mortar-carriage up against the front hurter2 throw eccentric out of gear2 place levers on the circle close to ,brackets1 butts forward1 and retire to their stations4 ,x4 ,,secure6 7,diagram #a47 #def4 ,train fore and aft1 face of mortar forward1 throw circle out of gear2 #ast ,captain stops vent2 #b;d ,captain unscrews spirit-level4 ,nos4 #c and #d put in tompion1 put on mortar-cover1 put scrapers1 spoons1 sleeves1 and empty cartridge-bags into basket4 ,nos4 #e and #f unhook shell-whip and coil it up on the lower step of carriage2 put small shell-hooks into basket2 put grommet between brackets of carriage2 coil up breeching-tackle1 and put it on the lower step of carriage2 secure the mast-head span to the rigging2 unship front circle eccentric4 ,nos4 #g and #i coil left train-tackle on the circle1 left side of carriage1 unship left circle eccentric bar4 ,nos4 #h and #aj coil right train-tackle on the circle1 right side of carriage1 unship right circle eccentric bar4 ,nos4 #aa and #ab coil shell-tackle on the circle in rear of carriage2 unship rear circle eccentric bar4 ,eccentric bars to be placed on the circle in the following manner3 left and front bars1 on left side of brackets2 right and rear bars on the right side of brackets4 ,nos4 #g and #h put shell-tongs on circle to the rear of carriage4 #ast ,captain puts his lanyard and priming-wire into the basket1 which1 together with the spirit-level1 is carried to the ,gunner by #b;d ,captain2 the crew then resume their stations as at ,,silence4 ,,magazine ,,and ,,shell-,,room4 #deg4 ,vessels specially constructed for mortar purposes have regularly-built shell-rooms1 while others1 fitted for temporary service1 have merely spaces set apart1 which should be protected by screens fitting tightly to the beams and deck1 with tubs of water always at hand during practice1 and likewise wet swabs laid to cut off trains of powder4 #deh4 ,before the vessels leave port1 every thing must be arranged in the magazines for the rapid and safe transmission of ammunition to the mortars1 and any deficiencies should be promptly reported to the ,officer commanding the division1 and by him to the ,officer in charge of ordnance4 #dei4 ,the ,officer in command of each vessel is to be present at the embarkation of the ordnance1 to stow and check the lists4 #dfj4 ,all the implements accompanying the mortars are to be kept in lockers used solely for that purpose1 and under the charge of the ,gunner or his mate4 #dfa4 ,the full service-charges for the mortars will be sent on board ready filled in white cotton bags1 and their transmission from the magazines will be in leather passing-boxes4 #dfb4 ,the powder is to be emptied into the mortar1 the bag well shaken and beaten over the lee-side to remove dust and fine grains of powder1 and the bag placed in the rear to wipe out the mortar-chamber after every round4 ,none of these bags should be returned to the magazine during the action1 as the loose powder would be likely to form trains4 #dfc4 ,large tubs of water are to be kept near the magazines1 with buckets at hand to drown the cartridges1 or to extinguish fire2 and every precaution taken to cut off trains of powder with wet swabs4 #dfd4 ,the forward part of the vessel above decks will be used as the most convenient place for cutting or preparing fuzes1 and a heavy screen1 spread tent-fashion1 should be rigged to protect the fuzes from fire from the mortars1 or rain4 ,in filling shells1 the ,gunner and two assistants will be detailed for this purpose1 besides the men stationed to pass powder from the magazines4 ,all fire and lights must be put out when the magazine is opened for action4 #dfe4 ,in firing against the wind1 the flame is thrown back in-board2 therefore care should be taken beforehand to wet the sides1 decks1 and rigging of the vessel2 the sails covered with tarpaulins2 and men stationed with buckets to put out fire4 #dff4 ,one hundred bombs are at all times to be kept ready filled in the shell-room4 ,a vessel properly organized ought to throw at least #bj bombs an hour2 but should circumstances prevent1 the mortar may be properly served if even one bomb can be filled before the previous one is fired4 #dfg4 ,a beech plug must be temporarily put in the fuze-hole of the bomb when filled2 and the men who fill cartridges and charge the bombs are to wear flannel sleeves and magazine-shoes4 #dfh4 ,when ranges are desired to be obtained by reduced charges1 the measuring and filling of the cartridges must always be done in the magazine1 no matter how inconvenient it may be2 and the utmost exactness is to be observed in filling the powder-measures and levelling off the top1 as an ounce of powder makes an important variation in the range of the bomb4 #dfi4 ,extra cotton bags are to be provided to receive the reduced charges1 which are to be stowed in half barrels4 #dgj4 ,every precaution that suggests itself to the officers in command to prevent accidents1 should immediately be put in force1 and a memorandum of the matter transmitted to the ,ordnance ,officer of the squadron4 ,,general ,,rules ,,and ,,observations4 #dga4 ,to estimate the distance by the bursting of a bomb1 where the flash can be seen1 multiply the number of seconds which elapse between it and the sound of the report by #a1ajj1 and the product will be nearly the distance in feet4 #dgb4 ,the officer in charge of a mortar must always note the time of flight and distance1 by the above rule1 for every bomb that is fired1 and likewise note when the report is not heard from the bursting charge4 #dgc4 ,when going into action for a bombardment1 the fore-rigging must be come up on the side where the mortar is to be used1 the fore-topmast sent down1 foresail unbent1 boom and gaff laid on deck1 rigging lashed in close to the mast1 head-sails to be thoroughly wetted1 spring on the cable1 boats lowered from the side davits1 and all the hatches covered with tarpaulins4 #dgd4 ,the broadside-guns must be kept ready for action1 and muskets loaded and at hand1 in case the squadron should be attacked by the enemy's gunboats4 #dge4 ,besides bombs1 various other projectiles are fired from mortars1 such as carcasses1 which are shells having three holes of similar dimensions to the fuze-hole1 pierced at equal distances apart in the upper hemisphere1 with their exterior openings touching the great circle which is perpendicular to the axis of the bore4 #dgf4 ,these carcasses are placed in the mortar in the same manner as the bomb1 and are filled with inflammable mixtures1 and should be transported in a vessel by themselves1 as they are dangerous companions4 ,thirteen-inch carcasses weigh #aid pounds each4 #dgg4 ,bombs are sometimes fired with a port fire stuck into the fuze-hole1 which is an almost certain mode of igniting many kinds of buildings4 #dgh4 ,mortars can also be fired with a bag of one-pound balls1 or ordinary grape-shot1 with very reduced charges1 and a wad between the powder and the balls4 ,one pound of powder will project a #bjj-lb4 bomb #cjb yards2 the same weight of grape-shot thrown in among boats would prove destructive2 and especially a lot of canister fired in this manner would cause great havoc4 #dgi4 ,it is not expected1 however1 that much execution could be done after the first discharge in a fleet of boats moving rapidly2 but combined with the batteries of the ,squadron1 it is presumed that an enemy would be deterred from an attempt to capture a vessel by boarding4 ,,taking ,,the ,,distance4 #dhj4 ,an inexperienced officer will find difficulty in estimating distances by the eye alone1 as it requires long practice and studied observation4 ,the sextant1 however1 offers a surer method of approximately fixing a position by taking the angles between any three points1 which are generally found to be accurately laid down on the ,coast ,survey charts2 then plotting the angles with a horn protractor1 or working them out by the three-point problem1 which is given in all surveying books4 #dha4 ,if the object to be assaulted is a large one1 a practical man can1 by the exercise of moderate judgment after two or three fires1 throw the bombs near the work2 but1 at the same time1 the sextant is the more certain means for determining the true distance1 and the ,officer in command should make himself acquainted with the simple manner of measuring horizontal angles4 #dhb4 ,if points are not visible in line1 then measure a base on shore1 angle on the object to be aimed at1 and from the angles of the base-line1 you can fix the position of the mortar-vessel4 #dhc4 ,when a vessel once gets her position accurately determined1 and it becomes necessary after a bombardment to remove out of the line of battle1 a small buoy with the vessel's name or number should be dropped under foot1 so that the same position may1 if necessary1 be resumed4 ,,loading ,,mortars4 #dhd4 ,after the powder has been emptied through the funnel out of the cotton bag into the chamber1 the bomb1 loaded and fuzed1 is to be carefully lowered into the bore by the hooks1 and allowed to rest upon the charge4 #dhe4 ,the friction-tube is not put into the vent until the piece is about to be fired4 ,,fuzes4 #dhf4 ,the wooden fuzes used at present for the #ac-;inch bombs are in sections1 and marked according to the estimated distance in practice1 viz43 ,seven inches extreme length2 and each section one inch1 giving a flight for every section of seven seconds1 and a total of forty-nine seconds4 #dhg4 ,the plugs are of the proper size for the fuze-hole2 the axis bored cylindrically from the large end down1 to within a short distance of the small end1 which is left solid2 the orifice is filled with composition pressed hard and evenly as possible4 ,at the large end a cup is hollowed out and filled with mealed powder moistened with alcohol4 #dhh4 ,the rate of burning is ascertained by experiment1 and marked on a water-proof cap1 which is tied over the cup4 #dhi4 ,a fuze-saw must be at hand during practice to cut the fuze the required length4 #dij4 ,fuzes for sea-coast mortars are also driven in a conical paper case1 which is inserted in a metal or wooden plug previously driven in the fuze-hole and accurately reamed out4 #dia4 ,the paper-case fuze is marked with the number of seconds it burns per inch1 and it may be cut1 where no danger from ignition can take place1 with a sharp knife4 ,,process ,,of ,,filling ,,bombs4 #dib4 ,having been inspected to see that they are clean and dry1 place the bombs on a block made for the purpose1 or on grommets of rope1 or on the ground1 with the eyes up4 ,the charge1 having been carefully measured1 is then poured into the chamber through a funnel1 while1 at the same time1 the fuze is cut to the proper length by resting it on a groove made in the block1 and sawing it across4 ,the fuze is then tried in the hole1 and should enter #c_/dths of its length2 if it does not1 it must be reduced by rasping4 #dic4 ,the head of the fuze having been covered with tow to prevent breaking the composition1 the fuze-setter is placed on it1 and the fuze driven with the mallet until the head is about #b_/ajths of an inch above the surface of the bomb4 ,,pointing ,,mortars4 #did4 ,first give the elevation by applying the quadrant to the face of the piece1 and adjusting the quoin or ratchet until the required number of degrees is obtained4 #die4 ,in pointing mortars on shore1 it is an easy matter to get the direction1 because the mortar is stationary2 but on shipboard1 owing to the motion1 it is attended with difficulty1 especially when the vessel is rolling and the line of fire can only be approximate4 #dif4 ,on shore1 the plan of giving the direction is to determine practically two fixed points1 which shall be in a line with the piece and the object1 and sufficiently near to be readily distinguished by the eye4 ,these points being covered by a plummet1 is the vertical plane including the line of metal1 which becomes the plane of fire4 #dig4 ,in mortar-vessels other expedients are resorted to1 such as trunnion-sights1 or a white line painted on the mortar-bed parallel to the axis of the bore when level2 but the first plan is preferable4 #dih4 ,the circles on which the mortars stand being fitted with eccentrics1 are made to revolve so as to point the mortar at the object without the trouble of swinging the vessel or moving the mortar round with handspikes4 #dii4 ,before firing1 care must be taken that the eccentrics are thrown out of gear1 and the circle flat upon the platform on which it revolves4 ,,tables ,,of ,,charges1 ,,elevations1 ,,and ,,ranges ,,for #ac-;,,inch ,,mortars4 #ejj4 ,,charges ,,for #ac-;,,inch ,,mortar-,,bombs4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,charge4 #ac-;,inch4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ lbs4 oz4 ,of shell filled #aa #j ,to burst shell #f #j ,to blow out fuze #j #f ,ordinary service-charge #g #j ,incendiary1 match1 or other composition #j #h ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #eja4 ,,ranges ,,with ,,sea-,,coast #ac-;,,inch ,,mortars1 #bj deg4 ,,elevation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,charge4 ,mean ,time of ,least ,greatest ,mean ,flight4 ,range4 ,range4 ,range4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,lbs4 ,seconds4 ,yards4 ,yards4 ,yards4 #d #h4 #hdj #hgg #hfi #f #i4e #abji #acag #abfc #h #aa4ff #afec #ahdj #agdd #aj #ab4ej #bjaj #babh #bjff #ab #ad4be #bcfi #bfhh #bebh #ad #ae4be #bffd #bghj #bgbb ---------------------------------------- --------------- #ejb4 ,,ranges ,,with #ac-;,,inch ,,mortars1 ,,at #de deg4 ,,elevation4 ,weight of ,shell1 #bjj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,charge4 ,,flight4 ,,fuze4 ,,range4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,lbs4 oz4 ,seconds4 ,inches4 #ajths4 ,yards4 #g #ba4d #d #b-b_/c #baij #g #h #bb4d #d #d #bcdf #h #bc4b #d #f #bdhj #h #h #bc4h #d #g-a_/b #bfjj #i #bd4d #d #h-c_/d #bgcd #i #h #bd4i #d #i-c_/d #bhec #aj #be4d #e #a #bieh #aj #h #be4i #e #a-c_/d #cjbf #aa #bf4c #e #b-a_/b #caej #aa #h #bf4g #e #c-a_/b #cbdf #ab #bg4j #e #d #ccbg #ab #h #bg4d #e #d-c_/d #cdjd #ac #bg4g #e #e-a_/b #cdgj #ac #h #bh4j #e #f #ceeb #ad #bh4c #e #f-a_/b #cfag #ad #h #bh4e #e #g #cfha #ae #bi4j #e #h #cgci #ae #h #bi4a #e #h-a_/d #cgig #af #bi4b #e #h-a_/b #chdi #af #h #bi4d #e #h-c_/d #cija #ag #bi4f #e #i #cidi #ag #h #bi4h #e #i-a_/b #ciig #ah #bi4h #e #i-c_/d #djdj #ah #h #cj4j #f #djhe #ai #cj4b #f #j-a_/d #dabc #ai #h #cj4c #f #j-a_/b #dafj #bj #cj4e #f #a #dbjj ---------------------------------------- ----- #ejc4 ,,table ,,of ,,allowances4 ,subjoined is a list of articles which are indispensable for the service required1 and must be kept in readiness at or near every mortar1 in some secure position3 ,tube-boxes #d ,straps for boxes #d ,quill-tubes #djj ,friction-tubes #fjj ,fuze-composition for priming #ab lbs4 ,powder-bags #bej ,port-fires #ajj ,port fire-sticks #d ,rasps1 half round #d ,cotton wick #d lbs4 ,hand-hatchets #b ,sheep-skins #f ,diagonal scale #a ,compasses #b ,copper funnel1 #ac in4 #a ,wood mallets #b ,fuze-extractor #a ,iron pincers #b ,augurs #b ,cutting-knives #b ,scissors #b ,thread #a lb4 ,brass quadrants #a ,sponges with staves1 #ac in4 #b ,handspikes #f ,claw-hammers #a ,lead plummets #c ,tallow #bj lbs4 ,shell-hooks1 #ac in4 #b ,shell-hooks1 with thimbles #b ,cotton quick-match #f ,punches for mortar-vents #b ,corkscrews #b ,blocks for driving fuzes #b ,drifts of iron tapped with copper #d ,copper ladles for fuzes #b ,leather buckets #c ,elm plugs #fj ,brass pickers #b ,,spare ,,articles4 ,cap-squares ,eye-pins ,keys for pintles1 large #b ,keys for pintles1 small #b ,washers #b ,bolts1 traversing #d ,bolts1 dog #d ,,footnotes3 #dd ,if the ,spirit-,level should be damaged1 he will apply the ,gunner's ,quadrant to the face of the mortar4 #de ,to lessen the shock of the discharge and the concussion on the ear1 the crew should be instructed to stand on their toes at the moment of firing1 keeping at the same time their mouths and ears open4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,miscellaneous ,,operations4 ,,getting ,,in ,,guns ,,on ,,covered ,,decks4 #ejd4 ,after bracing the yard over the port through which it is intended to take the guns1 secure the lizard round the yard five or six feet outside of the ship1 and hook the top burtons just outside of the lizard4 ,haul taut1 and bring an equal strain on the burtons and lifts4 ,hook a rolling-tackle on the opposite side of the yard1 bowse it well taut1 and the trusses also1 if they be of rope4 ,pass the end of the pendant of the gun-purchase through the thimble of the lizard2 take the end up and make it fast round the top-mast1 just above the lower cap4 ,have the port lined with pine boards1 to keep it from being chafed4 ,bore a hole in the deck or decks through which it is intended to pass the garnet1 as nearly as possible over the rear end of the gun-carriage1 and as near in line with the centre of the port into which the guns are to come as the beams will allow4 ,pass the upper end of the garnet through the hole1 and turn in the thimble1 to which hook the pendant-tackle4 ,place a tackle across the deck ready for bowsing the gun into its carriage through the port4 ,bring the gun under the yard and sling it as follows3 place one bight of the slings under the neck of the cascabel1 and pass the lashing which is attached to the slings round the chase1 at such a distance from the trunnions as will allow them to go into the trunnion-holes without bringing too great a pressure of the slings against the upper port-sill4 ,then toggle or hook the gun-purchase to the outer bight of the slings1 and sway away4 ,when the breech of the gun is above the port-sill1 hook the garnet and the thwart-ship-tackle to the cascabel1 and bowse on both4 ,when the slings bear hard on the upper port-sill1 lower the gun-purchase1 and bowse on the garnet until the breech is high enough for the trunnions to clear the cap-square bolts in the carriage2 then bowse on the thwart-ship-tackle until the trunnions are over the trunnion-holes1 lowering the purchase as required to bring the gun into its place4 ,as each gun is mounted unhook the purchase and garnet1 take off the slings1 run the carriage to its proper port1 and place another for the next gun4 ,,taking ,,in ,,guns ,,over ,,all4 #eje4 ,sling the gun slightly breech-heavy1 to render it more manageable4 ,if it is to be mounted on the spar-deck1 place the carriage in the gangway2 if on the main-deck1 close to the main hatchway on that deck4 ,in place of the garnet1 hook the stay-purchase for lowering the gun into its carriage4 ,,getting ,,out ,,guns ,,through ,,ports4 #ejf4 ,secure the yard as in getting in guns1 and sling the gun in the same manner4 ,hook the garnet and haul it taut1 so as to raise the breech of the gun as much as the port-sill will permit2 hook or toggle the gun-purchase1 and sway away4 ,as soon as the trunnions are clear of the carriage haul it from under the gun1 ease away the garnet1 and let the gun go out the port4 ,as soon as the gun is perpendicular to the purchase1 unhook the garnet and lower the gun into the lighter1 or on the wharf1 as the case may be4 ,if the gun is to be taken out over all1 the stay-tackle is to be substituted for the garnet1 only it is to be hooked to the same end of the slings as the gun-purchase1 and the lashing on the slings is to be passed around the chase of the gun1 as near the trunnions as possible1 without being in the way of the brackets4 ,,manner ,,of ,,using ,,the ,,griolet ,,purchase ,,for ,,dismounting ,,or ,,mounting ,,guns ,,on ,,covered ,,decks4 #ejg4 ,in practice1 guns are rarely shifted from one carriage to another during action3 it is only during a cessation of firing4 ,while the action is going on1 the crew of a disabled gun are more usefully employed in replacing the killed and wounded4 ,furthermore1 spare carriages are not so numerous as to permit this operation to be performed frequently4 ,nevertheless1 each gun's crew should be thoroughly exercised1 in order to develop their strength and skill4 #ejh4 ,the gun is to be run in1 in the direction required to bring the muzzle under the housing-bolt1 and the breech under the hole bored in the deck to receive the screw-bolt of the upper block of the breech-purchase4 ,this hole should be bored through the plank in the deck1 as nearly abreast the middle of the port as the beams will allow1 giving the block room to play clear of the beams and carlings4 ,with a gun's crew of twelve men the operation may be performed as follows3 ,at the word ,stand by to dismount6 the ,quarter-,gunner of the division on the deck above that in which the gun is to be dismounted removes the screw-tap1 and stands ready to place the washer1 key and un-key the bolt of the breech-purchase block4 ,all the numbers1 except #a1 #b1 #c1 and #d1 man the train-tackle4 ,no4 #a gives the word ,run in6 ,while the gun is coming in1 ,nos4 #a and #b remove breeching from jaws of cascabel1 and #g and #h remove it from side-shackle4 ,nos4 #a and #b throw its bight over the reinforce4 ,no4 #a removes sight-bar and screws up the thumb-screw firmly4 ,when the gun is in position--,nos4 #a and #b adjust upper and lower block of breech-purchase and secure the latter with the cascabel-pin4 ,nos4 #c and #d chock fore-trucks1 provide muzzle-purchase1 and1 assisted if necessary by #e and #f1 adjust its upper block4 ,nos4 #e and #f unshackle breeching from ship's side1 and shove toggle-block of muzzle-purchase into the bore and back it to the breech-purchase4 ,nos4 #g and #h un-key and throw back cap-squares and choke luffs of side-tackles1 or1 if rolling deeply1 hitch them round the straps of the blocks4 ,nos4 #i and #aj provide breech-purchase and assist #a and #b in adjusting it4 ,no4 #aa chokes luff of train-tackle1 or hitches it1 if required2 provides and hooks tackle of muzzle-purchase2 belays and lowers4 ,no4 #ab provides and hooks tackle of breech-purchase2 belays and lowers4 ,these preparations made1 all the numbers man the breech-tackle fall1 or divide themselves to bowse upon both falls together1 as the position of the gun in the battery may render either mode most convenient4 ,at the word ,dismount6 the gun is swayed out of the carriage4 ,nos4 #c and #d attend chocking-quoins1 and #aa attends train-tackle1 if required4 ,all the numbers1 excepting #aa and #ab1 who attend purchase-falls1 move up to their ordinary stations for serving the gun1 unhook side-tackles1 and remove the old carriage1 under the direction of ,no4 #a3 and-- ,at the word ,mount6 the same men bring the new carriage into position for mounting4 ,at the word ,lower6 ,nos4 #aa and #ab lower the gun into its place2 all the numbers then proceed1 respectively1 to reverse what they had done in dismounting4 ,guns on covered decks may also be dismounted by means of a muzzle-lashing1 the runner and the train-tackles1 assisted by the handspikes4 ,the gun is run in and laid square under the housing-bolt1 the bed and quoin removed1 the muzzle elevated and secured as in the housing position2 then1 after un-keying and throwing back the cap-squares1 the breech is bowsed up clear of the carriage by means of the train-tackle1 hooked in the eye of a runner1 the block of which hooks in an eye-bolt in the beam over the gun4 ,if preferred1 this mode of dismounting may be adopted by substituting the muzzle-lashing for the toggle-block of the griolet1 and toggling the runner-block in the hole made in the deck for the breech-purchase of the griolet4 ,,throwing ,,guns ,,overboard4 #eji4 ,the gun's crew being assembled at ,quarters1 remove the pin and chock from the cascabel1 into the jaws of which place a selvagee strap2 hook the double block of the train-tackle into the housing-bolt over the port1 and its single block into the selvagee strap2 remove the cap-squares1 and place a round block of wood on the sill of the port1 high enough to let the chase bear on it when slightly depressed2 raise the breech as much as possible1 without lifting the gun out of the carriage4 ,when all is ready man the train-tackle well2 have the handspikemen also ready to assist in raising the breech2 and if the vessel is not rolling1 it will be well to have additional handspikes under the rear of the carriage to lift it also1 so as to give free egress to the gun4 ,when all is ready1 give the order3 ,all together--launch6 ,in a gale of wind advantage should be taken of a favorable roll to give the word1 that the action of the sea and of the men at the guns may be simultaneous4 ,if the guns are to be thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a ship which is aground1 they must be buoyed1 and care is to be taken that each buoy-rope is of a proper length and strong enough to weigh the gun4 ,the best mode of securing the buoy-rope to the gun is to form a clinch or splice an eye in the end which goes over the cascabel1 and take a half-hitch with the bight around the chase of the gun1 and stop it with spun-yarn4 ,the buoy must be sufficient to float the rope when saturated2 or1 in deep water1 a smaller line may be used for the buoy1 and attached to the rope intended for weighing the gun1 that it may be hauled up when wanted4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,equipment ,,and ,,manoeuvre ,,of ,,boats4 ,,equipment ,,and ,,manoeuvre ,,of ,,boats4 ,,equipment ,,of ,,boats4 ,,when ,,directed ,,to ,,be ,,manned ,,and ,,armed ,,for ,,service4 #a4 ,boats must be provided according to the time of absence and nature of the service they are to perform1 keeping in view the details prescribed in ,table 7,article #e74 ,the number and class of ,boat-,howitzers are assigned by the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 #b4 ,when boats manned and armed are ordered1 the ,officers detailed to command them will see that they are thus furnished1 and report when the boats are ready4 ,they will also see that all articles are safely returned1 or duly accounted for1 when the boats return to the vessel4 ,if the boats are directed to assemble alongside of any particular vessel1 the officers must report as they arrive there4 ,if signalled alongside of the ship of the ,commander of the ,squadron for exercise or for inspection1 they are to be inspected1 if he shall so direct1 by an ,officer appointed by him1 whose duty it shall be to report those which may be particularly well prepared1 and those which he may find deficient in equipment or arrangement1 specifying particulars4 #c4 ,whenever the ,howitzers are to be used in boats they must be fitted for the purpose as directed in ,,exercise ,,and ,,manoeuvre ,,of ,,boat-,,howitzers2 their crews being armed with swords and revolvers4 #d4 ,boarding-parties are to be supplied with swords1 revolvers1 and rifles loading at the breech1 with filled cartridge-boxes4 ,,equipment ,,of ,,boats ,,armed ,,for ,,service4 #e4--,,table ,,of ,,boat ,,equipments1 ,,arms1 ,,and ,,stores ,,for ,,expeditions ,,key3 ,a3 ,,line ,,ships ,,and #a,,st ,,class ,,screw ,,frigates4 ,b3 ,,all ,,other ,,frigates4 ,c3 ,,razeed ,,frigates ,,and #a,,st ,,class ,,screw ,,sloops4 ,d3 ,,all ,,other ,,sloops ,,and ,,brigs4 ,e3 ,,launches ,f3 #ast and #bnd ,,cutters4 ,g3 #crd and #dth ,,cutters4 ,h3 #ast ,,cutters4 ,i3 #bnd and #crd ,,cutters4 ,j3 #crd ,,cutters4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,a ,b ,,departments4 ,,names ,,of ---------------------------- ,,articles4 ,e ,f ,g ,e ,f ,g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,boat-,carriage1 complete #a;ea#a;ea-- #a;ea#a to #ast -- ,field-,carriage1 complete -- #a;ea-- #a;ea -- -- ,ammunition-,chests ,either one or all1 as the 7various in size nature of the service may contents7 require4 ,ammunition-,pouches ,one for each man of the field-howitzer's crew1 except ,nos4 #a #c4 ,match-,rope 7lengths7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,primers 7tin-boxes7#b;ea#b;ea-- #b;ea#b to #ast -- ,spare ,lock1 complete #a;ea#a;ea-- #a;ea #a ea4 -- ,,gunner',s4 ,haversack for ,captain of ,howitzer ,one for each field gun4 ,swords ,one for each man in the boat4 ,breech-,loading ,arms ,one for each man of the boat's crew4 ,minie-,rifles ,when extra men in the boat1 one for each4 ,revolvers ,one for each man of the boat's crew4 ,cartridge-boxes1 filled ,one for each rifle1 breech-loading gun1 and revolver4 ,empty ,powder-,tank1 as a ,magazine4 #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,boat ,arm-,chest #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,masts and ,spars 7set7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,cranes for ,spars and ,spare ,oars 7set7#a;ea-- -- #a;ea -- -- ,set of ,oars #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,,carpenter',s ,spare ,oars for one ,thwart 7set7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,boat-,hooks #c;ea#c;ea#c;ea#c;ea #c ea4 #c;ea ,tools and articles for repairing damages 7set fixed7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,bucket #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,tarpaulin #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,sailmaker',s4,sails 7set7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,awning #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,tent-,awning 7see drawing7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,boatswain',s4,thrum-,mats for muffling oars 7sets7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,hand-,grapnels #b;ea#b;ea#a;ea#b;ea #b ea4 #a;ea ,anchors #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,chain or ,rope for ,anchor 7#ae f'ms long7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,marlinspike #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,spun-,yarn 7balls of7#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,grease 7lbs47#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,fishing-,lines and ,hooks ,three lines for the larger boats and two for the smaller1 with #a dozen assorted hooks per boat4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,master',s4 ,boat-,compasses #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,lead and ,line #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,signals 7sets7,one for the senior officer of the boats belonging to each ship4 ,spy-,glasses ,one for the senior officer of the boats belonging to each ship4 ,ensign #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,lantern #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,candles 7lbs47#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ,tinder-,box1 with ,flint and ,steel #a;ea#a;ea#a;ea#a;ea #a ea4 #a;ea ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,yeoman',s4 ,boat-,stove and utensils for cooking 7set7#a;ea-- -- #a;ea -- -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,master',s4 ,fuel 7quantity7,as may be judged necessary4 ,breakers of ,water 7number7,to be regulated1 like the fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,paymaster',s4,provisions ,to be regulated1 like the fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,surgeon',s4 ,articles for treatment of ,to be regulated1 like the sick and wounded fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,part #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,c ,d ,,departments4 ,,names ,,of ----------------------------- ,,articles4 ,e ,h ,i ,e ,f ,j ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,boat-,carriage1 complete #a #a -- #a -- -- ,field-,carriage1 complete #a -- -- #a ,ammunition-,chests ,either one or all1 7various in size as the nature of contents7 the service may require4 ,ammunition-,pouches ,one for each man of the field- howitzer's crew1 except ,nos4 #a #c4 ,match-,rope 7lengths7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,primers 7tin-boxes7 #b #b -- #b ,spare ,lock1 complete #a #a -- #a ,,gunner',s4 ,haversack for ,captain ,one for each of ,howitzer field gun4 ,swords ,one for each man in the boat4 ,breech-,loading ,arms ,one for each man of the boat's crew4 ,minie-,rifles ,when extra men in the boat1 one for each4 ,revolvers ,one for each man of the boat's crew4 ,cartridge-boxes1 filled ,one for each rifle1 breech- loading gun1 and revolver4 ,empty ,powder-,tank1 as a ,magazine4 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,boat ,arm-,chest #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,masts and ,spars 7set7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,cranes for ,spars and ,spare ,oars 7set7 #a -- -- #a -- -- ,set of ,oars #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,,carpenter',s ,spare ,oars for one ,thwart 7set7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,boat-,hooks #c #c #c;ea #c #c;ea #c ,tools and articles for repairing damages 7set fixed7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,bucket #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,tarpaulin #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,sailmaker',s4,sails 7set7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,awning #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,tent-,awning 7see drawing7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,boatswain',s4,thrum-,mats for muffling oars 7sets7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,hand-,grapnels #b #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,anchors #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,chain or ,rope for ,anchor 7#ae f'ms long7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,marlinspike #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,spun-,yarn 7balls of7 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,grease 7lbs47 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,fishing-,lines and ,hooks ,three lines for the larger boats and two for the smaller1 with #a dozen assorted hooks per boat4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,master',s4 ,boat-,compasses #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,lead and ,line #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,signals 7sets7,one for the senior officer of the boats belonging to each ship4 ,spy-,glasses ,one for the senior officer of the boats belonging to each ship4 ,ensign #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,lantern #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,candles 7lbs47 #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ,tinder-,box1 with ,flint and ,steel #a #a #a;ea #a #a;ea #a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,yeoman',s4 ,boat-,stove and utensils for cooking 7set7#a;ea-- -- #a;ea-- -- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,master',s4 ,fuel 7quantity7,as may be judged necessary4 ,breakers of ,water 7number7,to be regulated1 like the fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,paymaster',s4,provisions ,to be regulated1 like the fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,surgeon',s4 ,articles for treatment of ,to be regulated1 like the sick and wounded fuel1 according to the nature of the expedition and ballast required4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,details ,,of ,,the ,,foregoing ,,table4 ,,fixtures ,,in ,,boats ,,for ,,boat-,,guns4 #f4 ,two eye-bolts on each bow1 to receive the hooks of the skid2 two cross-pieces1 of yellow pine1 to bear the carriage1 so as to carry the muzzle of the howitzer just above and clear of the gunwale and stem4 ,one piece of yellow pine scantling1 placed lengthwise and amidship1 mortised into the rear cross-piece to sustain the carriage in sweeping4 ,,movable ,,pieces4 #g4 ,six pivot plates and bolts--one at the stem1 one at the stern1 one at each bow1 and one on each quarter2 two light wooden tracks to lay along the thwarts for the wheels of field-carriages and the slide of boat-carriage2 one midship wheel-track for the trail of field-carriage2 two stout skids1 each fitted at one end with two hooks1 and connected at the shore end by an iron brace4 ,the chocks with rollers at the stem and stern posts of launches1 are arranged to be removed when the gun is used4 #h4 ,implements for ,shifting the ,howitzer from ,boat to ,field-,carriage4 ,one muzzle-block4 ,one selvagee strap4 ,one shifting-spar4 ,one short iron or wooden bolt1 to keep the piece on the right slue4 #i4 ,implements1 complete1 for ,serving and ,working the ,howitzer4 ,breeching for boat-gun1 if deemed necessary4 ,lock with lock-string4 ,elevating screw4 ,sight4 ,priming-wire4 ,boring-bit4 ,vent-cloth4 ,sponge and rammer4 spare4 ,spring-spike4 ,rat-tail file4 ,haversack1 with strap1 for ,captain of howitzer1 to contain a supply of primers1 spare fuzes1 spare lock1 vent-bit1 vent-cloth1 and implements for spiking2 leather ammunition-pouches for each of the men of the field-gun1 except ,nos4 #a and #c1 to be supplied by the ,quarter ,gunner1 with one round of ammunition each1 and two primers1 when the order to land is given4 ,drag-rope1 fitted with hooks and handles4 ,trail handspike4 ,a rope1 or chain1 to lock the wheels in descending slopes4 ,transporting-boxes4 #aj4 ,,ammunition4 ,a chest containing shrapnel4 ,a chest containing shell4 ,a chest containing canister4 ,these chests are of two sizes2 the single1 holding nine1 and double1 eighteen rounds4 ,a key is becketed to each box for unscrewing the lid4 ,cutting-tool for opening the ,bormann fuze1 one in each box of shell and shrapnel4 ,,for ,,small ,,arms4 #aa4 ,cartridge-boxes and belts1 furnished with cartridges and percussion-caps1 screw-driver1 cone-key1 and wiper4 ,an empty powder-tank for magazine1 to contain filled cartridge-boxes and spare cartridges4 ,,small ,,arms4 #ab4 ,breech-loaders1 in loops or brackets1 under the gunwale of the boat1 protected by a water-proof canvas covering1 running round the rising of the boat4 ,rifles4 ,revolvers4 ,swords4 ,boat arm-chest4 ,a good tarpaulin to cover ammunition4 #ac4 ,,provisions4 ,pork4 ,to be cooked if there be time4 ,bread1 in water-proof bag4 ,cheese1 or canned meats4 ,fresh water1 in breakers2 always to be used for ballast when ballast is required4 ,fuel and kindling4 #ad4 ,,utensils ,,and ,,arrangements ,,for ,,cooking4 ,launch-stove and utensils4 ,mess-kettle4 ,tin pots and spoons4 ,funnel4 ,bucket4 #ae4 ,,tools ,,and ,,articles ,,for ,,repairing ,,damages4 ,axe1 ,one for each boat4 ,hatchet1 ,one for each boat4 ,hammer1 ,one for each boat4 ,hand-saw1 ,one for each boat4 ,nails1 #b pds4 for each launch2 #a-a_/b pds4 for each large cutter2 and #a pd4 for each of the rest4 ,sheet-lead1 #c square feet for each launch2 and #b square feet for each cutter4 ,tacks 7number71 #ajj for each launch2 #ge for each large cutter2 and #ej for each of the rest4 ,marlinspike4 ,spun-yarn4 ,grease4 #af4 ,,miscellaneous ,,articles4 ,boat ensign4 ,set of signals for boat of ,senior ,officer4 ,boat-compass4 ,spy-glass4 ,lead and line4 ,lantern4 ,candles4 ,tinder-box1 with flint and steel4 ,fishing-lines and hooks4 #ag4 ,,for ,,treatment ,,of ,,sick ,,and ,,wounded4 ,tourniquets4 ,bandages4 ,lint4 ,medicines4 ,surgical instruments4 #ah4 ,,boat-,,gear4 ,masts4 ,spars4 ,rigging4 ,a set of oars1 fitted with trailing-lines long enough to allow them to trail alongside in the water4 ,three boat-hooks4 ,spare oars1 with trailing-lines1 for one thwart4 ,cranes on the gunwale to hold spars and spare oars1 raised sufficiently high above the gunwale 7#i inches7 to allow the oars to be got out or trailed4 ,the spars thus arranged form a considerable protection against musketry4 ,small thrum-mats for muffling oars when required4 ,anchor4 ,chain or rope4 ,hand-grapnels1 fitted with a fathom of light chain1 and five fathoms of line4 ,sails4 ,awning and stanchions4 ,tent awning4 7,see ,drawing47 ,n4,b4--,in order to avoid delay and confusion when boats are called away for service1 it is recommended that the articles required by the foregoing lists should be kept separately in the store-rooms1 in convenient packages for stowage in the boats and protection against the weather4 ,the contents of each package must be marked on it1 together with the name of the boat for which it is intended4 ,particular attention should be paid by the ,executive ,officer of the vessel to the best and most compact stowage of all articles required for boat expeditions1 which will1 necessarily1 vary according to the size of the boat and the nature of the service she is to perform4 ,the occasions will be very rare when all of these articles are required at the same time4 ,,form ,,of ,,exercise ,,and ,,manoeuvre ,,for ,,the ,,boat-,,howitzers ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,navy4 ,,nomenclature4 #ai4 ,,the ,,cascabel is the part of the gun in the rear of the base-ring2 and is composed of-- ,the breech-plate4 ,the knob4 ,the neck4 ,base-ring4 ,cylinder4 ,chase4 ,loop1 with hole for bolt4 ,lock-lugs4 ,mass-sight4 ,mass for breech-sight4 ,the ,,bore includes all the part bored out1 viz43 ,cylinder of bore4 ,chamber4 ,these guns must not be polished bright4 ,,boat-,,carriage ,,complete1 consists of-- ,bed4 ,slide4 ,compressor-plate4 ,compressor-bolts4 ,compressor-handles4 ,lugs for loop4 ,,field-,,carriage ,,complete1 consists of-- ,axle4 ,trail4 ,braces4 ,supports for transporting boxes4 ,lugs for loop4 ,trail-wheel or runner4 ,bolt for trail-wheel or runner4 ,socket for handspike4 ,elevator4 ,disk of elevator4 ,box for elevator4 ,illustration3 ,,howitzer ,,and ,,boat ,,carriage4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,illustration3 ,,howitzer ,,on ,,field ,,carriage4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,exercise ,,of ,,the ,,boat-,,howitzer4 #bj4 ,while preparations are in progress for clearing out the boats1 the ,officer of each boat will see that the howitzer1 and its various equipments1 are also in readiness4 ,the ,junior ,officer or ,officer of the piece will attend to the gun itself and its carriages4 ,the ,quarter ,gunner will get up the ammunition from below2 also the lock1 sights1 sponges1 spare fuzes1 ammunition-pouches1 and primers4 ,spare article box4 ,this will be the proper time for examining the shrapnel and shells1 which must receive the particular attention of the ,officer who is to command the boat4 ,the ,captain of the gun will look after the traverses1 tracks1 and pivot-plates4 ,the ,coxswain will have ready the thwarts1 oars1 masts and sails4 ,when the boat has been cleared for hoisting out1 lay the thwarts and traverses1 and bolt the pivot-plates on the bows and quarters2 if the stem and stern pivot-plates interfere with the purchases1 they can be secured after the boat is in the water4 ,if the field-carriage is to accompany the gun1 lay the wheel and trail tracks4 ,in a sea-way1 it may be better to place the howitzer in the launch1 laying it athwartships1 and bolting the two ends of the slide into the bow pivot-plates1 which will hold it perfectly firm4 ,as a general rule1 the howitzer is not to be handled separately from one of its carriages4 ,it may be hoisted into the launch on either field or boat carriage1 as circumstances may dictate4 ,when the boat-carriage is preferred1 sling it with a stout strap passed through the loop-lugs and brought up round the gun1 into which hook the purchase2 previously shove the bed a little towards the rear end of the slide1 so that the carriage will hang square1 and set the compressors tight4 ,when the boat has been hoisted out1 the howitzer1 its ammunition1 and equipments1 should be stowed in it conformably to the requirements of the occasion4 ,ordinarily1 the howitzer may be placed in the bow on its boat-carriage1 bolted to the stem-pivot2 the field-carriage aft1 with its wheels resting on the floor of the stern-sheets and bearing against the after thwart2 the trail laid over the quarter-rail1 so as not to interfere with the steering2 and the ammunition stowed in the stern-sheets1 or elsewhere1 as may be most convenient for trim of boat1 or for its own preservation4 ,these arrangements can be subsequently changed as circumstances may require4 ,the ,captain of the howitzer slings his haversack and deposits in it a supply of primers1 a vent-bit1 and vent-cloth1 which are handed to him by the ,quarter ,gunner4 ,the equipment of the boat will be much facilitated by assigning to each man special duties of preparation and providing articles4 ,as the bow-oars cannot well be pulled when the howitzer is mounted in the bow1 ,nos4 #a and #b do not ordinarily assist at the oars4 ,illustration3 ,,frigates ,,launch ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 ,,stations4 #ba4 ,for #bj men the stations in the boat and at the howitzer will be as follows2 if fewer are employed1 the higher numbers are to be omitted3 ,,boat4 ,,howitzer4 ,stations4 ,duty4 ,quarter ,master1 ,stern-,sheets4 ,signals and assists with ammunition4 ,quarter ,gunner1 ,ammunition4 ,ammunition4 ,cockswain1 ,helm4 ,chief of ,piece1 ,bow4 ,superintends the firing4 ,port4 ,starboard4 #a4 ---- ,bow-oar4 ,captain of howitzer1 points and fires the ,if the lock and sight are on gun1 superintends orders1 and gives left side ,captain will take orders in absence of an ,officer4 station on port side4 #b4 ,bow-oar4 ---- #b;d ,captain1 tends vent and primes4 #c4 ---- #b;d oar4 ,sponger1 sponges and pushes home charge4 #d4 #b;d oar4 ---- ,loader1 receives and enters ammunition4 #e4 ---- #c;d oar4 ,tends forward compressor4 #f4 #c;d oar4 ---- ,tends after compressor4 #g4 ---- #dth oar4 ,train rope4 #h4 #dth oar4 ---- #i4 ---- #eth oar4 #aj4 #eth oar4 ---- #aa4 ---- #fth oar4 #ab4 #fth oar4 ---- #ac4 ---- #gth oar4 #ad4 #gth oar4 ---- #ae4 ---- #hth oar4 #af4 #hth oar4 ---- #ag4 ---- #ith oar4 ,runs field-carriage forward when landing4 #ah4 #ith oar4 ---- ,runs field-carriage forward when landing4 ,officer of boat directs the whole of the operations1 or may take especial charge of the howitzer4 ,officer of the gun is in command of the piece1 unless otherwise ordered by the ,officer of the boat4 7,preliminary ,order7--,,man ,,the ,,howitzer6 #bb4 ,the ,captain of the gun sees that the elevator1 sight and lock are in order for firing4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,trail oars4 ,no4 #c goes to starboard side of muzzle1 having the sponge and rammer ready4 ,no4 #d goes to port side of muzzle1 takes out tompion4 ,no4 #e to starboard side1 near forward compressor4 ,no4 #f port side1 near after compressor4 ,no4 #g after-end of slide1 and hooks training-rope4 ,no4 #b tends the vent and puts in primer4 ,if the gun is unloaded1 it must be run in4 ,i4 ,,sponge6 #bc4 ,no4 #b closes vent1 7a7 ,no4 #c enters the sponge1 and1 pressing it firmly to the bottom of bore1 turns it round and withdraws it4 7b7 ,quarter ,gunner takes a round from the ammunition-box1 and1 if shell or shrapnel be used1 holds it for the ,officer in command of gun to adjust the fuze4 ,,ii4 ,,load6 #bd4 ,quarter ,gunner passes forward with the fixed charge1 protecting it under his jacket1 7c7 ,no4 #d receives the charge from ,quarter ,gunner and enters it4 ,no4 #c pushes home to the mark on rammer-handle1 7d7 ,no4 #b puts in primer and covers it with his hand until ,nos4 #c and #d are clear of the gun4 7e7 ,,iii4 ,,point6 #be4 ,nos4 #e and #f ease compressors4 7f7 ,all six men and ,captain of gun run out the howitzer1 7g7 ,nos4 #e and #f then tighten compressors4 ,officer of gun puts up the sight as directed by ,officer of boat4 7h7 ,captain of gun brings the elevation within the limits of the boat's motion1 and causes ,no4 #g1 with the assistance of some others1 to train nearly to object if the boat is under way4 ,,iv4 ,,fire6 #bf4 ,if the boat has motion1 or is under way1 a discretionary execution of this order is necessarily implied4 ,the assumed elevation having been given by the elevator1 a slight motion of the helm is made to sweep the piece laterally1 so as to cross the object4 ,the ,captain of the gun closely watches this movement1 with his eye down on the sights1 and holding the lock-lanyard firmly1 draws it as soon as the sights coincide with the object4 ,immediately after firing he coils up the lanyard and pulls from the vent any pieces of the quill that may remain1 and also enters the bit to clear it entirely through1 7i7 ,,notes ,,to ,,the ,,form ,,of ,,boat ,,exercise4 #bg4 7a7 ,the necessity for closing the vent is a mooted question2 but as the operation itself is a slight one1 having no appreciable effect in complicating or delaying the manoeuvre of the gun1 it is not deemed advisable to omit it in this ,form4 ,an equally sure method1 is merely to lay a piece of untwilled woollen cloth over the vent1 and press it down with the hand2 or else turn the lock on it1 and hold that down4 7b7 ,too much care cannot be used in sponging1 as a premature explosion endangers life and limb4 ,a moist sponge is to be preferred1 for contact with it must surely extinguish every trace of fire in the bore4 ,it may be considered as a safeguard against accident1 for during many years' practice1 in proving pieces and exercising the men to fire rapidly--ordinarily1 seven or eight times in a minute--not a single instance of premature explosion has occurred4 7c7 ,the head of the fuze-composition must be guarded against moisture from the fingers1 rain1 or spray of the sea2 otherwise1 there will be a failure to ignite4 7d7 ,the ammunition is never to be struck with the rammer-head1 but pushed home1 and with very moderate force2 particularly omitting a very common practice of forcing the charge after it reaches the bottom of the bore4 ,in pushing home the charge1 ,no4 #b should always keep his body at the side of the chase1 and not before the muzzle4 7e7 ,it is not necessary to pierce the cartridge when percussion-primers are used2 their fire being always sufficient to pass through it4 7f7 ,it is only necessary to give the compressors a turn1 or a part of a turn2 this will relieve the nip completely1 and time is saved subsequently in compressing4 7g7 ,some will take hold of the standard of the carriage-bed that receives the loop of the piece1 others of the breech or bed1 as may be convenient1 to run out the gun4 7h7 ,in tightening the thumb-screw that holds the breech-sight in position1 do not turn it too hard2 the thread may be stripped by continuing to do so4 ,the sight may descend by the shock of the discharge1 but this is of no moment4 ,in point-blank firing1 the breech-sight is not required2 the eye must then range along the cylinder and muzzle-sight4 7i7 ,the charge may not be fired2 if this arises from not properly drawing the lock1 it will be evident at sight1 as the wafer of the primer will not flash2 in this case ,no4 #b throws back the lock4 ,if the primer explodes without acting on the charge1 care must be taken not to approach the piece too soon1 as it may only hang fire1 and the recoil will injure any one in the way of it4 ,after a seasonable pause1 the ,captain of the howitzer will remove the residue of the primer1 pass the bit down the vent1 and insert another primer4 ,,pivoting ,,the ,,howitzer4 #bh4 ,the sweep allowed by the stem-pivot is about one point and a half1 starboard or port2 if this is not sufficient to train the piece on the object1 without diverging too much from the course or position of the boat1 then the bow-pivots may be used4 ,the ,officer of the boat gives the order-- ,,pivot ,,on ,,the ,,port 7,,or ,,starboard7 ,,bow6 #bi4 ,no4 #g1 with the assistance of the others1 trains the rear end of the slide into the bow-pivot which is not to be used4 ,no4 #b bolts it in4 ,no4 #c draws bolt out of stem-pivot1 and1 with assistance1 draws round the forward end of the slide into the pivot to be used2 drops in the bolt4 ,no4 #b withdraws the bolt from rear end of slide4 ,the sweep on the bow-pivots includes an arc of about #abj degrees4 ,it is not advisable to train the howitzer more than a point abaft the beam if forward1 or more than a point forward the beam if aft2 as the accidental explosion of a shell near the muzzle1 and even of a shrapnel1 might be dangerous to those in the boat4 ,on the bow-pivot1 the piece may be pointed nearly from the direction of the keel to a little abaft the beam4 ,,shifting ,,the ,,howitzer4 #cj4 ,if the howitzer does not bear on the object with such assistance as is admissible from the helm1 then the ,officer in command may direct it to be shifted to the other end of the boat4 ,the light #ab-pounders1 with their boat-carriages1 average #ffj pounds each2 and can be transported by hand from one end of the boat to another4 ,with their boat-carriages1 the #ab-pounders of #gej average #a1bjj pounds each2 the #bd-pounders about #b1jjj pounds1 and will probably be more conveniently managed1 especially if the boat has motion1 by placing rollers #b-a_/b to #b-c_/d inches in diameter on the tracks laid for the field-carriage4 ,on these the boat-carriage can be shifted from one end of the boat to the other1 using light falls to keep it under command4 ,,disembarkation ,,of ,,the ,,howitzer4 ,i4 ,,prepare ,,to ,,land6 #ca4 ,the ,quarter ,gunner fills the pouches with one round each1 and passes them to the men1 each of whom1 except ,nos4 #a and #c1 slings a pouch over the right shoulder1 and buckles the strap as short as possible1 so as to keep the ammunition clear of the water when leaving the boat4 ,the ,captain of the gun also shortens the strap of his haversack4 ,,trail ,,bow ,,and ,,stroke ,,oars6 #cb4 ,nos4 #a and #b adjust the bed of the boat-carriage to its proper place on the slide for shifting2 place the muzzle-block1 and make the muzzle bear on it by means of the elevator2 pass the strap around the neck of the cascabel and put the shifting-spar through the strap2 the ,quarter ,gunner1 assisted by the men from the after oars1 raises the field-carriage up on the tracks4 ,,ii4 ,,trail6 #cc4 ,the boat being beached in season1 the men trail oars and jump to their stations4 ,nos4 #c and #d over the bow to adjust the skids1 which are launched by ,nos4 #e and #f4 ,no4 #b attends the elevator4 ,no4 #c attends the muzzle4 ,nos4 #h1 #aj1 #aa1 and #ac1 the shifting-spar1 assisted by as many of the crew as can take hold4 ,no4 #g draws the loop-bolt4 ,the ,stroke ,oarsmen run the field-carriage forward1 the ,quarter ,gunner guiding it on the track by the trail4 ,,iii4 ,,shift ,,the ,,howitzer6 #cd4 ,nos4 #a and #b clear the elevator2 heave up the breech of the gun by the spar2 ,nos4 #e and #f back the bed on the slide2 run the field-carriage a little forward1 so that its lugs come under the loop of the howitzer2 lower the piece2 put in the loop-bolt and elevator2 hook on the drag-rope and ship the trail-handspike in its socket4 ,,iv4 ,,land6 #ce4 ,nos4 #e1 #f1 #g1 and #h now jump out of the boat1 and1 with ,nos4 #c and #d1 divide to each skid2 not standing between them1 but keeping outside of them4 ,the ,stroke ,oarsmen wheel the piece up to the gunwale by the spokes1 the ,quarter ,gunner guiding the trail by the trail-handspike1 and the rest of the crew take hold of the drag-rope to ease the gun down from the bow1 the ,quarter ,gunner still guiding it down the skids4 ,when down off the skids and on the bottom1 the drag-rope is hooked around the axle1 and the howitzer run up on the beach4 ,the ,captain of the howitzer superintends and assists whenever it may be necessary4 ,the sponges and rammers are now to be attached in their places on the trail4 ,the transporting-boxes will also be filled4 ,,embarkation ,,of ,,the ,,howitzer4 #cf4 ,when the howitzer is to be embarked1 the transporting-boxes should be taken off and put in the boat separately4 ,the men unsling the ammunition-pouches1 and pass them into the boat1 which is to be brought to a convenient distance from the beach1 and the skids laid and secured4 ,the field-carriage is then pointed with the trail towards the boat1 and drawn down to the skids1 with a wheel resting on each4 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 and #h divide at the wheels1 and take hold of the spokes1 so as to assist the carriage up4 ,no4 #ad ships the trail-handspike and tends it with ,no4 #ae4 ,the rest of the men get into the boat and take hold of the drag-rope4 ,at the word ,,heave6 the men at the wheels bear the carriage up on the skids1 those in the boat haul on the drag-rope1 and the two at the trail bear it up1 so that the ,quarter ,gunner1 who stands at the bow1 can get hold of the trail-handspike and guide the carriage fairly4 ,when the howitzer is in the boat1 the skids are unhooked and put in the boat by ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e1 and #f4 ,the howitzer may now be shifted to the boat-carriage1 by reversing the process already described in orders ,nos4 #a1 #b1 and #c1 for shifting to the field-carriage4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,crew ,,at ,,their ,,stations ,,for ,,action2 ,fig4 #a4 ,,crew ,,at ,,the ,,drag ,,rope42 ,fig4 #b4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #cg4 ,,exercise ,,with ,,howitzer ,,on ,,field-,,carriage4 ,,gun',s ,,crew4 ,,stations4 ,,duty4 ,quarter ,gunner ,charge of ammunition and spare equipments4 ,no4 #a4 ,captain1 rear of breech1 to ,captain of piece -- points and fires the right 7or left1 depending the howitzer1 superintends orders1 on the position of lock and and gives orders in absence of an sight74 officer4 #b4 ,rear to breech1 to the left4 ,closes the vent1 put in primer4 #c4 ,right side of muzzle4 ,sponges and rams home4 #d4 ,left side of muzzle4 ,receives and enters ammunition4 #e4 ,rear and outside of right ,assists at right wheel4 wheel4 #f4 ,rear and outside of left ,passes ammunition1 assists at left wheel4 wheel4 #g4 ,five yards rear of right ,assists at right wheel1 attends bolt wheel4 of trail-wheel and trail-handspike4 #h4 ,five yards rear of left ,passes ammunition1 assists at left wheel4 wheel4 #i4 ,with ,no4 #g4 ,assists at right wheel4 #aj4 ,with ,no4 #h4 ,assists at left wheel4 7,preparatory ,order7--,,man ,,the ,,howitzer6 #ch4 ,the men go to their stations as above designated1 the ,captain of the howitzer with his haversack1 previously supplied1 and all the men1 except ,nos4 #a and #c1 with one round in a pouch4 ,no4 #c takes the sponge and rammer4 ,no4 #f unbolts trail-wheel1 and ships handspike in its socket of trail4 ,the transporting-boxes1 if there be any with the howitzer1 are to be deposited about twenty-five yards in its rear1 in charge of ,quarter ,gunner4 ,the drag-rope is deposited with the ammunition-boxes4 ,i4 ,,sponge6 #ci4 ,no4 #c enters the sponge1 and1 pressing it firmly to the bottom1 turns it round and withdraws it4 ,no4 #b serves the vent4 ,quarter ,gunner takes a round from the ammunition-box1 or from the pouch or passing-box of one of the men2 and1 if shell or shrapnel be used1 holds it for the ,officer in command of the piece to adjust the fuze4 ,,ii4 ,,load6 #dj4 ,the charge is to be passed along by the ,quarter ,gunner to ,no4 #h1 and by ,no4 #h to ,no4 #f1 and by ,no4 #f to ,no4 #d1 who enters it into the muzzle4 ,no4 #c pushes home to the mark on rammer-handle4 ,no4 #b puts in primer1 and covers it with his hand until ,nos4 #c and #d have withdrawn to their stations outside the wheels4 ,,iii4 ,,point6 #da4 ,officer of gun puts up the sight1 as directed by ,officer in command4 ,the ,captain of the gun gives the piece the proper elevation with the screw1 and causes ,no4 #g to train the gun with the trail-handspike to the desired direction4 ,he then withdraws as far as the lock-lanyard permits1 standing on the quarter of the breech1 and outside of the wheel4 ,no4 #b stands outside of the left wheel4 ,nos4 #c and #d fall back1 and the remainder of the gun's crew take the stations first assigned them4 ,,iv4 ,,fire6 #db4 ,the ,captain of the howitzer instantly draws the lanyard at the word4 ,no4 #b closes the vent4 ,nos4 #d1 #f1 and #h go to the left wheel2 #e1 #g1 and #i to the right wheel1 taking hold of the spokes1 ready to wheel the carriage forward1 as may be directed by the ,officer in command4 7,concluding ,order7--,,secure ,,the ,,howitzer6 #dc4 ,the ,quarter ,gunner secures the transporting-boxes1 and gets ready the lashing4 ,the ,captain of the howitzer coils the lanyard around the lock4 ,no4 #g bolts the trail-wheel4 ,no4 #c may carry the sponge in his hand if the fire is merely suspended4 ,no4 #g may also carry the trail-handspike4 ,nos4 #h and #i hook on the drag-rope1 and lead its parts fair for taking hold4 ,wheel the piece to the ammunition-boxes1 and place them on the axle4 ,the piece is now ready for any change of position4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,naval ,,light ,,artillery4 #dd4 ,the facility with which the ,naval ,howitzers are handled is apt to cause a misconception of the purposes for which ,naval ,light ,artillery should ordinarily be used on shore2 which are1 to be landed from boats in such numbers as may be required1 or admitted by circumstances1 supported by the seamen and marines of a squadron1 and not to be assembled as a battery1 to replace1 or be substituted for1 regular field-artillery4 #de4 ,the force landed should be handled as light infantry1 for which the individuality of sailor-life so well fits the men2 while the character of the gun1 and the usually broken nature of the shore-line renders this formation necessary4 #df4 ,open order in approach1 in landing1 in motion1 and in action1 is therefore advisable2 because a compact formation requires too much attention to position1 distances1 and alignments in any of them1 with more perfect drill than can well be obtained2 and which1 under fire1 exposes too much of a mark to every shot fired4 #dg4 ,the evolutions in the field should constitute but a small part of the general system of drill1 either with a single howitzer or a battery1 and should be assimilated to those of light infantry1--that is1 the most extended order that the ground admits of1--never massing the guns in close order1 but habituating the seamen to open out with them in skirmishing order1 keeping on their flanks1 never in their rear1 using every cover of ground1 trees1 or1 if time will admit1 throwing up some earth as a protection against riflemen or the wide-spread fire of shrapnel1--while at the same time the fire is concentrated to prevent attack on the pieces in detail1 or is dispersed1 as may be required4 #dh4 ,such a drill will best develop the scope and efficiency of the gun as a naval arm1 and will render most effective the peculiar advantages of its lightness and mobility in rapid movements4 #di4 ,evolutions in action1 or preparatory thereto1 should always be performed with the ammunition in the pouches2 it being a common error in the service to use the ammunition-boxes at such times1 when they are only designed for service out of action4 #ej4 ,if liable to be attacked1 all the ground within musket range1 especially if it is broken by ravines1 should be reconnoitred1 particularly on the flanks2 and1 if possible1 all the approaches by which the enemy1 and particularly cavalry can approach1 should be obstructed2 and all obstacles to a retreat or change of position removed4 #ea4 ,although commanding positions are to be preferred1 the top of a hill should not be chosen where the men and pieces are relieved against the sky1 forming a much better mark4 #eb4 ,shell and ,shrapnel produce a greater moral effect than grape or canister1 and in general a greater real injury1 as the latter are generally fired at too great distances4 ,,notes ,,on ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,boat-,,howitzers4 #ec4 ,n4,b4--,before equipping boats with howitzers1 notice attentively the ,hints for ,general ,service1 commencing at page #adf1 ,boat ,armament of the ,u4,s4 ,navy1 and ,suggestions for ,landing1 of that system1 which relate more especially to the condition and management of boat-guns4 #ed4 ,too much care cannot be taken to be fully provided1 and to have each detail in good condition2 for1 after the boat has left the ship1 it may be impossible to compensate for failure in some seemingly trivial article4 #ee4 ,the chief purposes of naval light artillery are3 #a4 ,to attack small vessels that are lightly armed1 and furnish but slight protection to the crews4 #b4 ,to contend with other armed boats4 #c4 ,to cover the landing of troops4 #ef4 ,the landing of seamen is rather a remote contingency in the naval service1 and should never be resorted to when opposed by good infantry1 or when the object to be attained would take the seamen too far from their boats1 which should be the base of operations4 #eg4 ,,boat-,,guns4--,no tackles are required to run out #ab-pdrs42 but #bd-pdrs4 may possibly require them4 #eh4 ,the hole in the cascabel for reeving a breeching has been purposely omitted in howitzers1 as hitherto the use of a breeching has not been found necessary4 ,should one be required1 a thimble may be fitted to the neck of the knob to serve in place of this hole4 ,with a breeching1 the piece may be fired as if on an ordinary carriage4 #ei4 ,the recoil is controlled by compressing the slide between the bed and the lower plate4 ,it is necessary1 however1 that the surfaces of the carriage in contact should be plane4 ,if they are not so1 dismount the gun and examine them1 and where the wood is worn smooth1 remove it in the slightest manner1 and correct the surfaces generally4 ,in making the surface plane1 it is by no means necessary that it should be rendered smooth4 ,it ought to be as little so as possible for the present purpose4 ,illustration3 ,,improved ,,shrapnel ,,section ,,of #ab ,,pdr4 ,,shrapnel ,with ,bormann ,fuze and ,filling of ,sulphur4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #fj4 ,,field-,,carriage4--,in order to moderate the recoil on smooth ground1 take out the axle or pin of the trail-wheel and turn the wheel up on the trail4 ,for using the howitzer on shore1 two transporting-boxes are supplied1 placed on a support and lashed to the axle of the field-carriage4 ,when more than a single piece is landed1 it may be found convenient to secure the trail of one field-carriage to the axle of another1 and then1 by means of pieces of stuff1 or boat's spars1 secured from axle to axle1 to place the ammunition-boxes1 provisions1 and pouches upon them4 #fa4 ,shrapnel may be effectively used where the dispersion of common canister becomes too great and its effects feeble4 ,it takes the place of common shell1 to a great extent1 when uncovered masses of men are in view1 and is designed to burst in front of troops1 at just such a distance and height as to disperse the balls among them4 #fb4 ,similar terms are used in marking the sight and the fuze4 ,thus1 if the fuze be adjusted to #b seconds1 and the piece elevated by the sight raised to the line on it marked #b seconds1 then the shrapnel will burst about #ejj yards from the piece1 and spread its balls from that point to a considerable distance further--effectively at least #aej yards4 ,the adjustment of the fuze to the distance and the altitude of explosion are regulated to the elevation2 and1 therefore1 the three conditions to good effect may be said to depend mainly on a correct knowledge of distance4 #fc4 ,the #ab-pdr4 shrapnel contains #hj musket-balls1 and if its explosion occurs at one hundred or one hundred and twenty yards in front of and fifteen to twenty yards above the object1 one-seventh of the number of balls may be relied on to take effect upon an object #bj by #aj feet in size4 #fd4 ,shells may be advantageously substituted for shrapnel when the hostile force is sheltered1 especially by such quarters as small craft or merchantmen afford1 or when material of any kind is the object of the fire4 #fe4 ,at two hundred yards canister1 only1 is required4 ,in case of a want of canister1 the shrapnel or common shell furnishes an excellent substitute by cutting into the magazine of the ,bormann fuze1 which will cause it to explode at the muzzle4 #ff4 ,when provided with the ,bormann fuze1 the shrapnel1 or shell1 as issued1 is complete4 ,the upper surface of this fuze is graduated into seconds and fourths of seconds2 and it is only necessary to lay bare the composition contained in the fuze1 by the cutting-tool1 to prepare the projectile for instant use4 ,in this respect the ,bormann fuze has an advantage over the ordinary fuze4 ,the length of the fuzes limits the distance within which the fire of these guns is considered as effective4 #fg4 ,the introduction of the #ab-pounder rifled howitzer has greatly extended the accuracy and effective range of the boat and field artillery4 ,solid shot and shell have sufficient penetration to be effective against ordinary wooden vessels at any distance which the elevation allowed by the respective carriages will reach4 ,see ,,table ,,of ,,ranges4 ,the shrapnel has sufficient velocity at #b1jjj yards to disable men and horses4 ,hitherto no certain or efficient time-fuze has been adopted for rifled howitzers4 ,there are objections to firing grape and canister from rifled guns1 as the grooves are injured thereby1 and the rotary and irregular motion given to the mass diminishes its effect4 ,if used1 the balls should be of lead or zinc4 #fh4 ,fixed ammunition is preferable1 on the score of greater convenience1 and of avoiding difficulties4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for ,,manoeuvres ,,of ,,boats ,,armed ,,for ,,service1 see ,naval ,howitzers ,afloat2 by ,commander ,foxhall ,a4 ,parker1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,,landing ,,seamen1 ,,marines1 ,,and ,,howitzers ,,for ,,exercise ,,or ,,service ,,on ,,shore4 #fi4 ,as the efficiency of seamen when landed in any considerable number depends most materially upon a proper system of organization and training previous to their being landed1 and without which they are inefficient1 the following system is recommended3 #gj4 ,the small-arm men are to be formed into companies of #hj men1 with four petty officers4 ,each company to be commanded by a ,lieutenant1 with two other officers4 ,the company to be subdivided into two platoons1 and each platoon into two sections1 and to be exercised in such movements as are absolutely necessary to manoeuvre as a company and in battalion1 by the officers who are to command them4 #ga4 ,small vessels should furnish a platoon of #dj or section of #bj men1 that the companies formed by their aggregation may be of equal strength4 #gb4 ,the companies when landed are to fall in1 and number from the right according to the seniority of the ,captains of their respective ships1 so that they at once will fall into their places according to their number when landed4 #gc4 ,each ship landing two companies is to be prepared to land with the small-arm men six ,pioneers--#b with a saw and axe each1 #b with a pickaxe and spade each1 #b with a small crowbar and sledge-hammer1 or such intrenching or other tools as the nature of the expedition may require2 the tools to be slung on the men's backs2 smaller detachments a proportionate number4 #gd4 ,the ship's bugler1 if she have one1 or drummer1 will be sent with the men4 ,he is to be able to sound the ,assembly1 ,retreat1 ,close1 ,extend1 ,commence ,firing1 and ,cease ,firing1 which sounds the men are to be accustomed to on board ship4 #ge4 ,if the men are likely to be on shore during the night1 they should have a haversack and blanket slung across their shoulders4 #gf4 ,as muskets are apt to miss fire the first time if not properly clean1 the greatest precaution is to be taken to see that the nipple is perfectly clear before loading2 first1 by blowing down the barrel and placing the finger before the nipple1 to feel that the air passes through it1 and afterwards snapping a cap off to dry up any oil or moisture that may be in the barrel4 ,to avoid accidents1 it is better not to cap the muskets until after landing4 #gg4 ,when field-pieces are landed1 the guns shall be numbered from the right in the same manner as a company4 #gh4 ,one or more armorers should be sent with each landing party with cleaning-rods1 screw-drivers1 and spare nipples4 #gi4 ,the boats should be formed in divisions1 according to the seniority of the ,captains of their respective ships--or of the ,commanding ,officers of the divisions--numbering from the right4 ,the seamen and marines1 having been told off in companies previous to leaving their ships1 on landing they will form immediately in the same order4 #hj4 ,the howitzers being mounted as boat's guns and prepared for landing are brought at once into action1 or remain in the boats1 according to circumstances4 #ha4 ,each division of boats should have a distinguishing flag2 and scaling-ladders1 intrenching tools1 and other implements1 should be carried by designated boats4 #hb4 ,the boats will always land a boat's length apart4 ,before leaving the ship four boat-keepers should be appointed to each boat carrying a howitzer1 and two for the others1 with an officer in charge of each division of boats1 who are on no account to leave them4 ,should there be a probability of the landing party being attacked on a re-embarkation1 the boats should be hauled off to their anchors1 with a long scope of cable1 having a stern-line to the beach1 and a man in the boat to veer in1 that the troops may be readily embarked4 ,the officer left in charge of the boats should be careful to avoid being surprised2 and1 if circumstances admit1 strengthen his position by cutting down trees and throwing up small breastworks a short distance in front4 #hc4 ,a fast-pulling boat with ,medical ,officers will attend in rear of the line1 designated by a yellow flag4 #hd4 ,should the distance from the point of landing be considerable1 the boats of each division1 in tow of each other1 lightest boats leading1 will fall in--the leading boat of each division abreast 7,art4 #gb71 leaving space for the whole line to form abreast when ordered4 ,on approaching the beach the tow-ropes should be cast off1 and the launches with howitzers dress up in line ready to open fire1 if necessary1 to clear the landing4 ,the officer in command will commence firing from the howitzers when he thinks fit2 but no musketry is to be fired without special orders4 #he4 ,when the ,commanding ,officer perceives the beach to be clear1 or when he considers it proper1 he will order ,cease firing6 and direct the boats with skirmishers and light howitzers to pull in and land as quickly as possible4 ,on landing they will immediately extend1 advance1 and seize the first cover near the beach1 if there be any1 but will not open fire till the ,officer commanding them sounds ,commence firing4 ,the main body then pull steadily in and land1 forming line in rear of the covering party4 ,the howitzers form on the flanks of their divisions1 or as ordered4 ,pioneers and scaling-ladders as ordered4 ,the main body being formed1 will advance in line or column1 according to circumstances1 preceded by the skirmishers firing1 if necessary4 ,when firing in close order the front rank should fire kneeling1 as1 owing to the shortness of muskets1 accidents frequently occur4 ,under certain circumstances1 as advancing on an open beach1 the boats might be employed on the flanks to cover the advance or retreat4 #hf4 ,should the boats be employed for the disembarkation of troops1 the same arrangement should be made4 ,it will then be desirable that every boat should carry a flag similar to that of the ,commanding ,officer of its division2 and1 when in large numbers1 the boats should also be painted according to the colors of the flags1 that the troops may readily know their own boats4 #hg4 ,the re-embarkation should be conducted on similar principles to the disembarkation--the skirmishers and light howitzers extending in rear of the line1 which will then pass through the intervals1 forming again1 if necessary1 to support the skirmishers1 who will retire firing1 and re-form in rear of the line4 ,the main body will then embark1 followed by the covering party under cover of the boats' guns4 #hh4 ,when landing in a heavy surf1 the ammunition should be put in one or more small powder-tanks1 with the lids well screwed down4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,ordnance ,,and ,,ordnance ,,stores4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,ordnance ,,and ,,ordnance ,,stores4 #a4 ,all articles of ,ordnance and ,ordnance ,stores1 when duly delivered at any ,navy ,yard1 are to be borne on the books of the ,inspector of ,ordnance1 and duly accounted for1 according to such regulations as may1 from time to time1 be established by proper authority4 #b4 ,he will make monthly estimates and requisitions for all materials and articles which may be required by the master workmen in the ,ordnance ,department1 and which he may deem necessary2 which requisitions are to be forwarded to the ,chief of the ,bureau for his approval4 ,no articles are to be purchased without previous requisitions1 nor any to be used until duly inspected1 approved1 and receipted for4 ,before reception1 every article shall be carefully examined by the master workman in whose department it is required1 and such other person as the ,inspector shall appoint1 and compared with samples1 to see that it conforms to the standard1 and is1 in quantity and quality1 as called for by the requisition or order of the ,bureau for its delivery4 ,he will keep on hand standard ,patterns and ,drawings1 approved by the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 to which all articles of manufacture or issue shall strictly conform2 notifying the ,bureau of any discrepancies therefrom in articles received from other ,yards1 that unauthorized variations may be checked and the manufactures of each ,yard be identical4 #c4 ,the ,inspectors of ,ordnance at all ,navy ,yards shall have the immediate custody of all articles appertaining to ordnance1 and they shall be kept in suitable places1 separate from the other articles in the ,yard4 ,and they will promptly inform the ,bureau of all orders received from ,senior ,officers1 which may in the least affect the execution of the instructions given by the ,bureau in relation to their duties4 #d4 ,inspectors of ,ordnance having charge of the articles above mentioned are1 under the direction of the ,commandant of the ,yard1 to be responsible for their being carefully attended to1 and preserved from injury4 #e4 ,whenever any of them shall require repairs1 other than those which can be made in the ordnance workshops1 the ,inspector will apply to the ,commandant of the ,yard1 or to the ,bureau through him1 for the necessary means to keep all articles in his charge in order and ready for service4 #f4 ,he shall require from master workmen employed on ordnance work reports in the required form 7see blank forms7 of the expenditure of materials and labor upon each and every object under their immediate superintendence1 at which time they will make a return of all unexpended material on hand4 ,they will also be responsible for all waste and improper use of material by those under their general superintendence4 #g4 ,the ,inspector of ,ordnance shall have authority over all master and other workmen employed on ordnance work1 and direct all its details4 ,he will examine and certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for materials1 supplies1 or labor in the ,ordnance ,department1 and examine and certify to the correctness of the pay-roll of all persons employed on ordnance work4 #h4 ,no ,inspecting ,officer or person employed by the ,bureau is to show to1 or leave in the way of persons not authorized by the ,bureau1 any drawing1 descriptions1 or dimensions of guns under contract1 nor to permit the examination by such persons of the guns themselves4 #i4 ,the resident and other ,inspectors are to inform the contractors of this strict requirement on the part of the ,bureau1 and to request them to cause it to be rigidly enforced by all persons under their control4 #aj4 ,it is most positively forbidden to communicate any information whatever in relation to ordnance matters1 or to show or describe ordnance work1 of any description1 to any person not in the employ of the government1 unless by superior authority4 ,inspectors are also directed not to hold correspondence in writing with manufacturers1 contractors1 or other parties in relation to ordnance supplies1 unless specially directed by the ,bureau4 ,officers on ,ordnance duty will give no official opinion1 to ,inventors or others1 upon the merits of any invention appertaining to ,ordnance1 which may be submitted to them officially or unofficially for examination1 unless by special direction of the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,all such opinions will be forwarded to the ,bureau1 to whom parties must be referred for information4 #aa4 ,the ,inspectors of ,ordnance at the several ,yards and stations are required to enjoin upon all their employes the strictest secrecy in relation to every thing connected with their duties4 ,no information whatever is to be given to any one in relation to the prices of articles1 the details of work1 or the condition of ordnance or ordnance supplies4 ,any breach of this order is to be followed by prompt dismissal from employment4 #ab4 ,whenever any ordnance stores shall be furnished to vessels1 or for any other purpose1 the ,ordnance ,officer shall take proper receipts for them from the officer to whom they are delivered4 ,these receipts shall be signed at the ,ordnance office1 and the commander is required to ascertain before sailing if the proper officers have signed all receipts and vouchers4 #ac4 ,the ,ordnance ,officer will deliver with them an ,invoice of the number and cost of such stores1 retaining a receipted duplicate1 approved by the commander1 to be forwarded to the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,one ,ledger1 one ,invoice1 and twenty blanks for ,quarterly ,returns to the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 are to be furnished each vessel fitted for sea4 ,if any articles are purchased abroad1 or obtained from other stations after the vessel is regularly fitted for sea1 they should be duly entered in the ,ledger1 and a note made therein stating when1 and from what source received2 and1 if practicable1 their number and cost should be inserted in the ,invoice of other articles supplied the vessel4 #ad4 ,a separate list shall be furnished to all commanders of vessels of the ammunition furnished1 which list is to be returned to the ,ordnance ,officer of the ,yard to which the vessel shall return1 with any additional supplies which she may receive during the cruise entered on it4 #ae4 ,the allowances which are prescribed for the different classes of vessels in the ,table of ,allowances are not to be exceeded1 except by the express sanction of the ,chief of the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 #af4 ,it shall be the duty of any commander of a vessel1 before making or approving requisitions1 to examine the allowance table and expenditure books1 to see that the amount required1 together with that on hand1 does not exceed the allowance1 and that the articles required are allowed4 ,if these articles are not allowed1 or are in excess of the allowance1 but are1 in his opinion1 necessary for the use of the ship under his command1 he will state on the requisition1 opposite the article1 in excess of allowance1 or1 not allowed1 and the reason why considered necessary1 before sending it to the ,commandant of the ,yard or ,squadron for his approval4 ,in case he shall neglect so to do1 the ,inspector of ,ordnance will only furnish the allowance1 and shall return the requisition for correction1 calling the attention of the approving officer to this neglect4 #ag4 ,all ,ordnance ,stores1 except the ammunition1 shall be delivered to the ,gunner1 or other officer appointed to receive them1 at the ordnance store-houses1 the ,inspector of ,ordnance furnishing him with the means of transportation1 and men for stowing them in their appointed places on board1 when the crew are not available for this purpose4 ,in order to guard against the loss or misdirection of ,ordnance ,stores1 which has frequently been found to occur whilst they were being transferred from the ,ordnance ,store-houses to vessels going into commission1 or in the case of vessels landing their stores on returning from a cruise3 ,the ,bureau directs that whenever ,ordnance ,stores of any kind are to be received from or delivered on board of a vessel1 a responsible officer be present1 whose duty it shall be to take an exact account of them and see them safely delivered at their destination1 indorsing the ,receipts and ,invoices with his name4 ,for any loss that may occur in the performance of this duty1 that officer will be held pecuniarily responsible2 and whenever any stores are found to be missing1 the name of the officer who superintended their removal is immediately to be forwarded to the ,bureau4 ,the ,inspector of ,ordnance will be vigilant in seeing this order strictly carried out4 #ah4 ,all stores landed from ships will be received at the ,ordnance ,store-houses1 when all responsibility on the part of the officer delivering them shall cease1 and a survey be held1 as soon thereafter as practicable1 to determine the quantity of stores1 and the condition in which they are delivered4--7,see form of survey47 ,when the vessel returns to a yard to be refitted or to be laid up at the end of the cruise1 her ,ledger and ,invoice are to be handed to the ,ordnance ,officer of the yard for his examination1 and for the use of the officers who may be ordered to hold a survey upon the ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores2 and when the survey is completed1 both ,ledger and ,invoice are to be forwarded to the ,bureau of ,ordnance with the report of survey4 #ai4 ,it having been found that in the ,reports of ,survey made at the different ,navy ,yards on the ,ordnance ,stores of vessels returning from sea1 many articles are put down as deficient by ,returns without these deficiencies being in any way accounted for1 the ,bureau directs that the ,surveying ,officers shall require the ,gunner 7or other officer having charge of the ,ordnance ,stores1 in case there be no ,gunner on board7 to show a just cause for said deficiencies2 a statement of which1 properly signed1 is to be forwarded to the ,bureau with the ,report of ,survey4 ,in case of his failure to do so1 he will be held responsible for the loss1 and the value of the deficient articles checked against his pay4 ,where arms or other articles are lost or destroyed in action1 the fact must be properly authenticated by the signature of the ,commanding or ,executive ,officer4 #bj4 ,ordnance ,ledgers of all vessels coming from a cruise shall be signed by the ,gunner or ,executive ,officer and the officer in command before leaving the ,yard or station4 ,invoices and ,receipts must invariably be given and taken of all ordnance1 ordnance stores1 equipments1 and small arms1 when transferred from the keeping of one officer to another4 ,and whenever any article of ordnance is lost or mutilated1 the fact shall be reported to the ,bureau1 with all the circumstances of the case1 and the value of the same will be deducted from the pay of the person having it in his possession at the time1 unless sufficient reason for a contrary course should appear4 #ba4 ,it shall be the duty of the ,inspector of ,ordnance 7or of the officers who inspect a ship on her return from a cruise7 to report to the ,bureau the condition in which the articles under the charge of the ,gunner may be transferred1 that his care and attention may be properly known and appreciated4 #bb4 ,officers upon ,ordnance duty at ,navy ,yards may correspond with the ,bureau on subjects connected with ,ordnance duties1 forwarding their communications open1 to the ,commandant of the ,yard for transmission4 #bc4 ,the dates of all circulars1 orders1 telegrams1 or letters to which reference is made in corresponding with the ,bureau1 shall be distinctly quoted4 ,and the same rule is to be observed in forwarding triplicate ,bills1 ,bills of ,lading1 and ,invoices1 the date of the order or orders being written across the face in red ink2 and the receipt of all telegrams must be immediately acknowledged4 #bd4 ,the ,commandants will1 in forwarding communications1 accompany them with such remarks or recommendations as they may deem proper1 and at any other time make such suggestions as they may consider will promote the public interest4 #be4 ,in shipping or forwarding stores each box or package shall be numbered1 and have the nature of its contents stencilled or marked on the outside1 and noted on the ,invoice4 ,the ,invoice should in all cases of shipment accompany the articles4 ,all stores intended for shipment to squadrons1 shall be legibly and conspicuously addressed to the ,commander-in-,chief of the squadron1 and marked for that squadron4 ,,inspection ,,and ,,proof ,,of ,,naval ,,guns #bf4 ,all cannon for the navy1 cast at private foundries1 will be fabricated in strict accordance with the terms of the contract made with the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 and subject to the inspection of an officer detailed to supervise the operations4 7,see ,instructions for the ,inspection and ,proof of ,cannon1 #ahfd1 for further details47 #bg4 ,new guns are to be closely examined and measured1 inside and out1 for defects of metal or manufacture1 and the results recorded in the prescribed forms by the ,inspector resident at the foundry1 as soon after being finished as possible1 if he has not already done so in the various stages of manufacture1 which is preferable1 as the detection of errors which pass the limits of toleration may save useless subsequent labor4 ,internal defects of metal will1 for instance1 generally be betrayed by a close examination of the core-pieces4 ,as rust tends to conceal defects1 this examination of the guns is to take place before exposure to the weather4 ,and previously to the final examination and proof of guns1 they are not to be covered with paint1 lacquer1 oil1 or any material which may hide defects of metal4 ,if it is ascertained that any attempt has been made to conceal defects1 the gun or guns so treated are to be rejected without further examination4 ,as the water-proof1 which is of great importance in detecting defects of metal not otherwise developed1 necessarily succeeds immediately the powder-proof1 and can be effectively applied only in fine weather1 and when the temperature is above the freezing-point1 final inspections are to be made at such times only4 ,,descriptive ,,list ,,of ,,instruments ,,required ,,and ,,used ,,in ,,the ,,inspection ,,and ,,proof ,,of ,,guns4 #bh4 #ast4 ,a mirror for reflecting the sun's rays into the bores4 ,two will be required if the sun be in the rear of the ,inspector4 #b;d4 ,a lamp attached to a staff for examining the bores when the sun is obscured1 or the guns are under cover4 #c;d4 ,a standard cylinder gauge4 ,this is a hollow cylinder of iron1 turned to the least allowed diameter of the bore1 and one calibre in length4 ,it has a cross-head at each end1 one of which has a smooth hole through its axis to fit the staff1 and the other is tapped to receive the screw in the end of it4 ,illustration3 ,,dahlgren ,,shell ,,gun ,,parrott ,,rifle ,,gun #ahfd4 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #dth4 ,a measuring-staff of steel or iron1 in joints of suitable length1 connected together by screws4 ,each joint is provided with a light brass disk1 the diameter of which is #j4je inches less than that of the bore4 ,through the centre of the disk there is a hole which fits upon a shoulder at the joint2 the whole is so arranged that when the joints are screwed together the disks between them are held firmly in place1 while the length of the staff is not affected by them4 ,a steel point is screwed on to the end4 ,when pushed to the bottom of the bore1 the staff coincides very nearly with its axis4 ,the outer joint is graduated to inches and tenths4 ,a slide is made to play upon it with a vernier scale1 graduated to hundredths of an inch4 ,on the inner end of the slide a branch projects at a right angle1 sufficiently long to reach across the muzzle face1 and1 when in contact with it1 to indicate the precise length obtained from that point to the end of the measuring-point on the other end of the staff4 ,a half disk of wood1 made to fit the bore1 with a groove for the staff to rest in1 placed just inside of the muzzle1 is useful in preventing any springing of the staff4 ,the point being taken off1 the staff can be used with the cylinder gauge1 to measure the distance to which the latter descends4 ,but as the graduation is intended for the points1 care must be taken in this case to allow for the difference4 #eth4 ,a chamber-gauge for verifying the shape and size of conical chambers4 ,the head should be made of close-grained1 well-seasoned wood1 and of the exact dimensions of the chamber4 ,two planes1 crossing each other at a right angle1 coinciding with the vertical and horizontal central sections1 have been found better than a solid block4 ,the edges should be bevelled4 ,a metal socket in its centre connects it with the measuring-staff4 ,being pushed to the bottom of the bore1 if the length coincides with that obtained by the point1 it is obvious that the chamber is large enough1 provided the cylindrical part has not been bored too deep1 in which case a shoulder would be found at the junction4 ,the edges of the gauge should be chalked before it is inserted4 ,when withdrawn1 if the chalk-marks are visible all around the chamber1 it is evident the chamber is not too large4 ,with slight modifications1 this arrangement may be applied to the slope of cylindrical chambers1 and to the curve at the bottom of the bore of any guns4 ,should the inspection of guns with conical chambers or slopes take place at the foundry1 an examination of the chamber reamer will be very satisfactory4 ,if found correct in size and shape1 the impossibility of making the chamber too large will be apparent4 #fth4 ,a star-gauge1 for measuring the diameters of the bores and of cylindrical chambers4 ,this instrument is composed of the staff1 the handle1 and a set of points for each calibre4 ,the staff is a brass tube1 made in three pieces1 for convenience of stowage1 and connected together1 when required1 by screws4 ,its inner end expands into a head1 in which are placed four steel sockets1 at equal distances from each other1 which receive the points4 ,two of the sockets opposite to each other are secured permanently4 ,the two others are movable4 ,a tapering plate or wedge1 the sides of which are cylindrical1 runs through a slit in the head2 an aperture in the inner ends of the movable socket embraces the cylinder1 so that when the plate is moved forward or backward1 the sockets are projected or withdrawn4 ,the tapering of the plate has a certain known proportion to its length1 so that if it is moved in either direction a given distance1 a proportional movement is imparted to the sockets1 and to the points which they contain4 ,it is easy to see how1 in this manner1 a movement of 4#aj in4 may increase or diminish the distance between the points 4#ja in4 ,therefore there would be no difficulty in estimating1 to a considerable degree of accuracy1 a difference of 4#jja in4 between the points4 ,in general1 however1 the distance on the plate required to move the points 4#ja in4 is about 4#jf in4 only4 ,a square sliding rod is connected with the tapering plate1 and runs through the whole length of the tube1 projecting some inches beyond the outer end4 ,this rod has as many parts as there are joints in the staff1 and1 like them1 connects by screws4 ,each section of the rod works in its proper joint1 through a square socket at each end1 and is prevented from falling out by pins4 ,when screwing the joints together1 if the ends of the rod are pressed up to each other they become connected by the same motion4 ,the staff is graduated to inches and quarters1 so that the distance of the points from the muzzle of the gun may always be known4 ,a centre line1 starting from the centre of the upper socket1 is marked upon the staff throughout its length4 ,the handle in use at present is of brass1 made to fit over the outer end of the staff1 and to connect with the sliding rod by a screw1 having a large milled head at the outer extremity of the handle4 ,it may be used on either joint1 as required4 ,a slit through the handle permits a part of the staff near the end to be seen beneath4 ,a scale on one side of the slit is graduated with the distance that the rod moves1 to throw the points 4#ja in4 apart4 ,that part of the handle containing the slit and scale is separated from the other part2 it is made to fit closely over it4 ,on each side there is a small tube2 a thread is cut in one1 through which a fine screw1 held by a stud on the permanent part of the handle1 works and gives it motion2 a guide runs through the other4 ,seen through the slit is a small plate of silver inserted in the staff1 and a fine mark upon it to show the place of zero1 when the points are adjusted4 ,the zero-mark on the scale is made to correspond with it by means of the screw just mentioned4 ,the points are of steel1 with a strong shoulder at one end1 below which the screw is cut that fits into the socket in the head4 ,a wrench is made to fit the other end1 so as to turn the point firmly into its place4 ,they are made of such a length that they will just pass into the adjusting-ring when they are all in place4 ,to this instrument belong the adjusting-rings and the muzzle-rest in the form of ,t2 of the rings there is one for each calibre1 reamed out to the exact minimum diameter of the bore4 ,the latter can be used for any class of guns4 ,its office is to keep the staff of the star-gauge in the axis of the bore4 ,for this purpose it contains a groove1 above the perpendicular branch1 to receive the lower half of the staff4 ,there is a movable slide on each branch1 which can be adjusted to marks for each calibre1 so that points projecting from their rear will enter the muzzle and hold the rest in place4 ,in this position the upper edge of the transverse branch coincides with the diameter of the bore4 ,a hook is pivoted on the inner side of the transverse branch1 on one side of the groove1 and so fitted that when the star-gauge is in the gun1 it embraces one-half of that portion of the staff which is above the groove4 ,therefore1 if the transverse branch be placed so as to coincide with the axis of the trunnions1 the hook thrown over the staff1 and the latter turned so that the centre line just meets the end of the hook1 the perpendicular points will be perpendicular to the axis of the trunnions4 ,if the staff is then drawn out carefully1 the measurements will all be taken in the same plane4 ,a notch in the end of the hook1 made to coincide with the plane of the muzzle1 may be used for marking the distances on the staff4 ,the upright branch is movable1 and is made to fit into the end of the transverse branch1 for convenience and security in packing4 ,in examining the bores after proof1 it has been found that the greatest indentation occurs in general near the seat of the projectiles4 ,but1 as it is not always found at precisely the same point of the circle of the bore1 a convenient mode of searching for it is desirable4 ,this is supplied by a disk for circular measurements1 which may also be considered as belonging to the star-gauge4 ,it is made of composition1 and is divided into halves1 with a hole through the centre to receive the staff of the star-gauge4 ,it is turned so as to fit into the muzzle of the gun closely1 with a projecting lip two or three inches broad to hold it in place1 and with cleats overlapping the edges1 to keep it from going in too far4 ,the face is a plane surface4 ,the circumference is divided into as many equal parts as may be thought desirable1 which are numbered in regular order4 ,the centre hole is reinforced on the inside by a projection which is turned to receive a collar that fits closely around it1 and holds the two halves together when they are placed on the staff4 ,when ready for use1 the face is in the plane of the muzzle-face4 ,its zero-mark is made to coincide with a light punch-mark on the muzzle-face1 directly below the line of sight4 ,on the staff of the star-gauge a brass slide is fitted1 having a thumb-screw to hold it in any position2 from the inner end a point extends at a right angle to its axis1 of sufficient length to meet the points at the circumference of the disk2 a centre line extends from the base to the apex4 ,the slide being moved so as to make its inner end coincide with any mark upon the staff1 at which a circular measurement is required1 and the centre line of the point being made to coincide with that of the staff1 it is secured by the thumb-screw4 ,the point of the slide is then in the same plane with the perpendicular measuring-points1 and its direction always indicates them2 a series of measurements1 made before proof1 may thus be compared with another made at the same points after proof4 ,it is obvious that the determinations will not be absolutely accurate1 for when the gun is worn1 should the stationary points be perpendicular1 the movable points1 being then horizontal1 would fall below the true horizontal diameter1 and the measurements would be more in error than it would be with the points in any other direction4 ,still1 if care is taken to preserve the points at the greatest length possible1 a very tolerable degree of accuracy may be attained4 ,in the inspection of guns arranged on skids1 the gun itself should be turned1 which will insure accurate measurements4 ,care must also be taken not to allow the joints of the staff to become so loose that the coincidence of the centre line is destroyed when they are screwed together4 ,if this should occur1 however1 a few turns of thread1 placed between them at the time of putting the instrument together1 would remedy the difficulty4 #gth4 ,an instrument for verifying the interior position of vents4 ,when the vent is drilled in the vertical plane of the axis1 as in the guns of old patterns1 a simple head1 shaped to fit the bottom of the bore1 or the chamber1 with a staff fitted to it1 is sufficient4 ,but for the ,dahlgren guns1 with two vents1 some other plan is better4 ,the following has been found satisfactory3 ,a head of well-seasoned wood1 which is fitted to the chamber1 is attached to a wooden disk of the diameter of the main bore4 ,the surface of the head corresponds with a longitudinal central section of the chamber2 at the point where the projection of the vent would meet it a piece of hard wood is inserted4 ,a central line drawn through its length1 crossed at a right angle by another line at any known point from the smaller end1 will afford convenient points to measure from4 ,a stout square wooden staff is attached to the axis of the head2 at a distance equal to the length of the bore1 the end is jogged into the centre of a half disk of wood1 which is fitted to the bore4 ,the whole is so constructed that the straight edge of the half disk 7or the chord7 is in the same plane as a horizontal section of the head4 ,a few holes are bored through the disk attached to the half head1 to allow the instrument to pass freely into the gun and out of it4 ,a wire of untempered steel1 of the size of the vent1 with a sharp1 well-centred point1 and a small spirit-level1 are required to use with this instrument4 ,the gun being levelled1 and the instrument being pushed to the bottom of the bore1 the upper edge of the half disk near the outer end of the staff is then brought to a level4 ,the surface of the half head then corresponds with the horizontal central section of the chamber4 ,the point of the wire being pushed gently to meet it1 will show very accurately the interior position of the vent4 #hth4 ,profile-boards for distances in front and rear of the base line4 ,their lower edges are adapted to the shape of the gun1 and the upper ones are parallel to the axis of the bore4 ,the distances from the base-line of the several parts1 and of the points at which diameters are to be measured1 are laid off accurately on the upper edge1 and then marked in lines perpendicular to it on the sides and lower edges of the profile4 ,an iron strip is attached to the upper edge to prevent warping1 and the whole is well coated with shellac varnish1 to keep it from absorbing moisture4 ,the following instruments are used in connection with the profile-boards3 ,a rule for verifying the marks1 of such a length that not more than one fleeting may be necessary1 to be graduated decimally according to the standard4 ,a small square of steel1 to be used in referring the marks on the board to those on the rule4 ,a steel straight-edge1 long enough to extend across the muzzle-face1 and several inches on the board1 to ascertain the extreme length from base to muzzle4 ,it is also used for the same purpose at the extreme end of the cascabel4 ,a steel scratcher1 to mark the gun at points not otherwise indicated1 where diameters are to be measured4 #ith4 ,a trunnion-square of steel or iron for ascertaining the position of the trunnions1 with reference to the axis of the bore4 ,this instrument is a square with two branches1 one of which is fixed and the other movable4 ,the foot of each branch is in the same plane1 and is parallel to the upper edge of the main piece which connects them4 ,the latter is graduated to inches and tenths4 ,the movable branch slides on the main piece1 and may be secured to it by two thumb-screws4 ,it is provided with a vernier scale graduated to hundredths of an inch4 ,between the branches there is a slide1 also provided with a vernier graduated as before1 with a thumb-screw to secure it firmly2 in its centre there is a sliding-point1 moving vertically1 with a thumb-screw to fasten it4 ,above the foot of each branch there is a slit to receive the shank of a plate1 on the end of which a thread is cut2 the lower edge of the plate forms a right angle with the branch1 and the plate is fastened to the branch by a nut1 at a point from the end equal to the semi-diameter of the trunnion1 which is marked on each branch4 ,when the feet of the branches1 or the lower edge of the plates1 rest upon the trunnions1 the upper edge of the main piece is parallel to their axis1 if their alignment is correct4 ,when in the latter position1 the edges of the feet will lie close against the sides of the trunnions4 ,a graduated steel wedge is used to measure the deviation of the trunnions from the feet of the square4 #ajth4 ,a trunnion-gauge1 which is an iron ring of the proper diameter of the trunnions4 ,its outer edge coincides with the diameter of the rimbases4 #aath4 ,a trunnion-rule1 to measure the distance of the trunnions from the base ring1 or line4 ,this is an iron rod with a head at one end1 through which passes one branch of a small square4 ,the centre of the rod is marked on the end1 and the square is set so that the inner edge of the branch which is parallel to the rod is at a distance equal to the semi-diameter of the trunnion from the centre4 ,it is secured in this position by screws and clamps4 ,the upper side of the rod is graduated to inches and tenths4 ,a slide with a slot through it1 to show the graduation beneath1 traverses upon it1 and is kept from turning by a guide on the lower side4 ,there is a vernier upon the slide1 graduated to hundredths of an inch2 a thumb-screw serves to secure the slide at any point on the rod4 ,that end of the slide from which the graduation of the rod commences has both of its sides drawn out1 to form knife-edges2 the knife-edges and the end of the slide are in the same plane4 ,when the square at the end is placed on the trunnion1 the end of the rod will touch its side at the point of its greatest diameter4 ,the rod being held parallel to the axis of the bore1 with the side of the head pressing the rimbase1 the knife-edge will be in a proper position to fall into the base line when moved to find it4 #abth4 ,a beam-calliper for measuring diameters is a square of steel or iron1 with two branches1 one of which is fixed and the other sliding4 ,the inner edges of the two branches1 when pushed together1 lie1 of course1 in contact with each other throughout their length4 ,the beam is graduated to inches and tenths4 ,a vernier is attached to the sliding branch1 graduated to hundredths of an inch4 ,the latter is provided with a thumb-screw1 to fasten it at any point4 ,the length of the beam must be rather greater than the diameter2 and that of the branches than the semi-diameter of the guns to be inspected1 at their largest points4 #acth4 ,a cascabel-block is a wooden cylinder of the proper diameter of the breeching-hole1 the size of which it is used to verify4 ,the opening between the jaws may be ascertained by measuring the iron block which is fitted to go between them1 or by a template4 #adth4 ,a vent-guide1 to be used with vents in guns of ,dahlgren's pattern4 ,this instrument is made of bronze or composition4 ,when placed upon the gun1 one of its branches coincides with the curve of the cylinder1 and the other1 starting from its centre1 lies along the cylinder in contact with it longitudinally4 ,the lower edges of the branches are a right line and a curved line1 making two right angles with each other4 ,the length of that of the transverse branch is equal to the distance between the centre of the two vents4 ,the rear surface of the transverse branch is curved and quadrilateral4 ,its sides are inclined1 so that their rear edges show the exact direction of the vents4 ,every point in the upper edge lies in the same horizontal plane4 ,the height is sufficient to permit the edges to give an accurate direction to the drill4 ,the upper edge of the other branch runs off in a sloping curve to its extremity4 ,a centre line is drawn through the lower edge of the longitudinal branch1 and is continued upwards on the rear surface of the transverse branch to the top4 ,the guide being placed with its centre upon the centre mark of the gun1 and the centre line of the longitudinal branch being made to coincide with the centre line scribed upon the cylinder1 the rear lower edge of the transverse branch will then coincide with the base-line1 its extremities will indicate the centres of the vents1 and the rear edges of the sides will show their true direction4 #aeth4 ,vent-gauges of untempered steel wire1 with shoulders to prevent them from slipping into the vent4 ,one should be of the proper diameter of the vent1 one of the greatest1 and one of the least diameter allowed4 #afth4 ,a vent-searcher1 a steel wire of the length of the vent1 bent to a right angle at the lower end and pointed4 ,it is used for detecting imperfections in the sides of the vents4 #agth4 ,a semicircular protractor of metal for measuring the inclination of vents1 or for ascertaining their deviation from the guide4 #ahth4 ,a set of templates for verifying the shape of lock-lugs1 the angle of the rear sight mass1 the curve between the base-line and the front of rear sight mass1 that at the end of the cascabel1 the bevel of the breeching-hole1 the opening of the cascabel1 and the shape of the muzzle swell4 ,if the inspection should take place at the foundry1 the templates used in chipping might be verified and used for inspection4 ,for guns of ,dahlgren's pattern1 a bronze model1 showing the shape of the lugs and rear sight mass1 and the position of the vents1 is furnished as a guide to the contractors4 #aith4 ,a standard foot-rule for verifying measures4 #bjth4 ,a foot-rule of steel for measuring the masses1 the length of the trunnions1 and for other purposes4 ,the graduation should be extended to each end4 #bast4 ,a set of ring-gauges1 large1 medium1 and small1 for inspecting the projectiles used in proof4 #bb;d4 ,a small beam-calliper1 with outside edges1 for examining the adjusting rings and the ring-gauges4 #bc;d4 ,a platform balance1 for weighing the projectiles used in proof1 and for bringing the shells up to the standard weight4 ,for use with the above there should be provided a bag of dry sand1 a funnel1 some wooden plugs for the fuze-holes1 and a hammer4 #bdth4 ,a set of implements for loading and cleaning1 viz43 ,a rammer1 faced with hard wood or metal1 with a graduated scale on the staff1 near the muzzle1 to show the distance of the front of the projectiles from the muzzle4 ,a bristle sponge with a worm in its end1 for ordinary use in firing4 ,a sheepskin sponge1 for drying the bore after cleaning it4 ,a gun-scraper4 ,a ladle4 ,a boring-bit4 ,a priming-wire4 ,a lock and lanyard1 should navy primers be used in firing2 but if friction primers are used1 then a lanyard with a hook in its end will be required1 only4 ,a breeching and a couple of tackles1 if the guns should be fired on skids4 ,six handspikes4 ,six buckets and a large tub1 for washing out the guns4 ,if the firing is made into a butt1 a couple of wheelbarrows1 with two or three pickaxes and half a dozen shovels1 will be necessary4 #beth4 ,a searcher1 with six or more points1 to detect injuries or cavities in the bore4 #bfth4 ,a machine for taking the interior impression of vents4 ,this consists of a wooden head1 one-half of which is cylindrical1 and the other half is of the shape of the chamber1 both being rather smaller than the parts of the bore that they are intended for4 ,a staff1 flat on its upper side1 and rounded on its under side to fit the curve of the bore1 is mortised into the circumference of the cylindrical part of the head4 ,a mortise is cut through the chamber part of the head1 extending several inches in rear and front of the position of the vent4 ,into this mortise a loose piece is fitted1 capable of free motion upwards and downwards1 the top of which is pierced with holes to secure the wax or composition which is spread over its surface4 ,this movable piece rests on a wedge attached to a flat rod running through a slot in the head2 there is a slot in this rod about four inches long1 a pin passing through it into the staff4 ,to use the instrument1 withdraw the rod as far as the slot will permit1 which will allow the movable piece on which the composition has been spread to drop below the surface of the head1 and protect it4 ,push the head to the bottom of the chamber1 and arrange the position of the staff so that the movable piece will cover the vent1 then press the end of the rod home4 ,this motion will throw out the composition1 and a distinct impression of the vent and of fire-cracks 7should there be any7 will be left upon its surface2 draw the rod back as far as the slot will allow1 and withdraw the instrument3 the impression1 being protected thereby1 will come out uninjured4 ,impressions of injuries or cavities in the bore may easily be taken by a similar contrivance4 #bgth4 ,hydraulic pump and apparatus for the water-proof4 ,any of the various patterns of this machine may be applied to the proof of guns4 ,an iron cross-head is secured to a stout wooden block which fits into the muzzle1 and which has a flange or shoulder to cover the muzzle-face2 rings of caoutchouc or gutta-percha are placed between them2 an iron rod with a ring in one end1 to fit over the trunnion1 and with a thread cut on the other end1 is used on each side of the gun1 to connect the trunnion with the cross-head4 ,the whole is set up with nuts1 and the pressure upon the rings makes a tight joint2 a coupling upon the cross-head receives the hose1 and the water is forced into the gun through a hole in the wooden block4 ,care should be taken that the valve is loaded with the proper weight for proof4 #bhth4 ,dies for marking guns4--,a full set of figures1 with such capital letters as may be required for the inspection-marks2 these should be one inch in length4 ,also1 small letters of suitable size to mark lbs41 and a full set of half-inch figures4 ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,inspecting ,,instruments4 #bi4 ,the guns having been freed from rust1 and their foundry numbers noted1 in the order of their relative positions1 on the field-book1 the inspecting officer will proceed to verify the instruments to be used in their measurement1 if this has not been previously done in a manner entirely satisfactory to him4 ,he will then examine carefully the guns1 inside and out1 for defects of metal or of manufacture1 and note the results4 ,the interior of the bore is to be examined by reflecting the rays of the sun into it from a mirror or mirrors2 or1 if the sun is obscured1 and there can be no delay1 by means of a spirit-lamp1 or of a wax taper1 on the end of a rod1 taking care not to smoke the surface of the bore4 ,the cylinder-gauge is then to be introduced1 which must pass freely to the bottom of the cylindrical part of the bore4 ,if obstructed1 the depth to which it reaches should be noted4 ,the star-gauge is used to ascertain the exact diameter of the bore1 and of the cylindrical part of the chamber4 ,the bore must be measured at intervals of #a_/d inch from the bottom of the cylindrical part to the seat of the shot2 of #a inch from that point to the trunnions2 and of #e inches from the trunnions to the muzzle4 ,if any marks of the reamer or other defects are seen in the bore1 they are to be searched for1 and their depths and positions noted4 ,these results are to be tabulated according to the blank forms furnished4 ,the whole length of the bore is ascertained by means of the measuring-staff1 with the point screwed on1 supported in the axis of the bore by the disks and half-tompion4 ,in the absence of this instrument1 a pine rod1 having the proper length of the bore marked on it1 and the end rounded to the curve of the bottom of the bore1 will answer as well1 using a thread or a straight-edge across the face of the muzzle4 ,the shape and dimensions of the chamber1 and the position of the interior orifice of the vent1 are verified by means of the chamber-gauge1 the description of which will explain its use4 ,an inspection of the chamber-reamer will be generally satisfactory in determining the size and shape of the chamber4 ,the vent is measured by the appropriate gauges1 the smaller of which must enter freely1 and the larger not at all4 ,it is searched for roughness1 or for cavities in the metal around it1 by means of the searcher1 the point of which should feel every part of it carefully4 ,its inclination to the surface1 and its position externally1 are verified by means of the vent-guide furnished for the ,dahlgren guns1 and by the semicircular protractor and the vent-gauge4 ,in guns of the ordinary construction1 the position of the vent is marked on the profile-board1 and its inclination to the surface is determined by the protractor and vent-gauge4 ,the exterior lengths of the gun are measured by the profile-board1 marked with the true dimensions1 the differences being measured by the foot-rule1 or1 if minute1 estimated by the eye4 ,the exterior diameters are measured with the calipers and square1 or by the set-gauges used in turning1 and a graduated wedge4 ,to verify the position and alignment of the trunnions of a gun1 it is first necessary to ascertain1 by means of the trunnion-gauge and of the calipers1 their cylindrical form and their diameters1 which should be the same1 or allowance must be made for half the difference in measuring their axial distances from the base-line1 by the trunnion-rule1 which should next be done4 ,these distances should be equal1 or their axes do not coincide--an error not tolerated4 ,the trunnion-square is then placed upon the trunnions in the plane of their axis4 ,the feet of its branches should coincide with the surfaces of both trunnions1 throughout their length1 above and in rear1 and their inner edges with the faces of the rimbases4 ,then1 with the beam-compass1 scribe on the upper surface of the gun the distance of the axis of the trunnions from the base-line1 and push the sliding-point of the square down1 till1 at that distance1 it touches the surface of the gun1 and screw it fast4 ,then turn the gun over1 and again scribe on it the same distance from the base-line4 ,the square1 being again applied1 will determine whether the trunnions are above or below the axis of the bore1 which will coincide with that of the gun1 if accurately bored1 and turned on the same centres and bearings4 ,if the branches rest upon the trunnions before the point of the slider touches the gun at the scribe1 their axis is below2 but if the point touch first1 above the axis of the bore1 by half the space between4 ,the graduated wedge1 being placed under the vertical sliding-point1 will determine the amount4 ,if both touch at once1 both axes are in the same plane4 ,no gun can be received1 the axis of the trunnions of which is above that of the bore4 ,the lengths of the trunnions are measured with the foot-rule1 and the diameters of the rimbases by that of the exterior rim of the trunnion-gauge4 ,if the alignment of the trunnions be correct1 it will serve as a means of determining the correctness of the line of sight1 which1 before the gun is removed from the lathe1 should be distinctly traced on the sight-masses and the swell of the muzzle1 and should be at right angles to the base-line1 to the axes of the trunnions1 and to the connecting piece of the trunnion-square1 when its branches rest against their rear1 with the plates across their upper surfaces4 ,the ,inspector will further satisfy himself of the correct tracing of the line of sight on the gun1 by examining the lathe and the manner of tracing it in the plane of the axis of the bore1 at right angles to the axis of the trunnions1 as by it are placed the sights and vent1 and in their absence it serves as a line of metal sight4 ,the positions of the sight-masses are verified by the profile-board1 and by reference to the line of sight1 traced on them2 their form and dimensions by the templates4 ,the positions of the lock-lugs and their forms are verified by means of the bronze pattern furnished to each foundry for each class of the ,dahlgren guns1 and their dimensions by the templates4 ,for other guns the position of the lock-piece is marked on the profile-board1 and their measures taken as above4 ,the opening of the cascabel and its curves1 and those of the breech and the muzzle-swell1 are verified by means of the cylinder-block and the templates4 #cj4 ,the following variations from the proper dimensions may be tolerated by the ,inspector1 though every effort should be made to conform exactly to the drafts furnished by the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,in the diameter of the bore more #j4jc less #j4jj ,exterior diameter where turned more 4#je or planed less 4#je where not more 4#bj turned or planed less 4#je ,in the length of the bore1 more or less 4#aj from rear of base-ring or line to face of the muzzle1 more or less 4#be of the cascabel1 from rear of base-ring to the end1 more or less 4#bj of the reinforce1 more or less 4#ae ,from the axis of trunnions to base-line1 more or less 4#je ,in the length of chamber1 more or less 4#aj ,in the position of the axis above axis of the bore 4#jj of the trunnions below axis of the bore 4#bj ,in the length of trunnions1 more or less 4#je ,diameter of trunnions1 less #j4je ,in the same gun1 no variations to be tolerated in the position of the trunnions1 or in their alignment4 ,in the vent diameter more #j4jbe do4 less 4#jjj ,in lock-piece any dimensions more 4#aj less 4#jj ,variation of position of exterior orifice of vent 4#je ,idem of interior do4 do4 4#bj ,depth of cavities in the bore or vent 4#jj on exterior surface of reinforces1 where turned or planed 4#aj elsewhere1 where turned or planed 4#be on trunnions1 within one inch of rimbases 4#aj on trunnions1 elsewhere 4#be ,enlargement or indentation of bore by proof1 not to exceed 4#jb ,the measures are to be taken by scales corresponding with the standard measures of the ,united ,states4 ,if two or more cavities should be near each other on the exterior1 the gun may be rejected1 though the cavities should be of less depth than tolerated in the table4 ,if the trunnions are placed within the limits of toleration1 the preponderance must not vary more than #e per cent41 more or less1 from that fixed in the contract4 ,,powder-,,proof4 #ca4 ,the proof-charges shall be as follows3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,calibre ,,and ,,class ,,of ,,gun4 ,,charge ,,projectile4 ,,wads4 ,,no4 ,,of ,,of ,,powder4 ,,fires4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,shell-guns4 ,pounds4 #ce ,shell #ccj lbs4 #c ,,xv-inch #dc1jjj lbs4 #de ,shell #ccj lbs4 #c #ee ,cored sh4 #djj lbs4 #c ,,xi-inch #af1jjj lbs4 #be ,solid shot ,gromet #a #ae ,shell #aj ,x-inch #ab1ejj lbs4 #ah ,solid shot ,gromet #a #ab ,shell #aj ,,ix-inch #i1jjj lbs4 #ae ,solid shot ,gromet #a #aj ,shell #aj #h-;inch of #fc cwt41 or #g1jjj lbs4 #ab ,shot ,gromet #a #aj ,shell #aj #h-;inch of #f1ejj lbs4 #aj ,shot ,gromet #a #h-;inch of #ee cwt41 or #f1jjj lbs4 #aj ,shot #a #h ,shell #aj #cb-pdr4 of #d1ejj lbs4 #h ,shot #aj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,shot-guns4 #acj-pdr4 of -- cwt41 or #af1jjj lbs4 #cj #a ,shot ,gromet #aj #fd-pdr4 of #ajf cwt41 or #ab1jjj lbs4 #bj do4 do4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #eg cwt41 or #f1djj lbs4 #ae do4 do4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #ea cwt41 or #e1gjj lbs4 #ac do4 do4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #db cwt41 or #d1gjj lbs4 #aj do4 do4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #cc cwt41 or #c1fjj lbs4 #aj do4 do4 #aj #cb-pdr4 of #bg cwt41 or #c1jjj lbs4 #i do4 do4 #aj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,the cannon-powder for proof shall be of not less than #a1ejj feet initial velocity1 as determined by the gun-pendulum at the ,ordnance ,yard1 ,washington4 ,it shall be filled in service cylinders1 and well settled4 ,for chambered pieces the increased charges should fill the chamber and necessary portion of the bore4 ,the projectiles shall be of full weight1 and not below the mean gauge2 the shells shall be filled with a mixture of sand and ashes1 to bring them up to the proper weight of the filled shell4 ,sabots for the shell and a gromet wad over the shot4 ,the gun should be fired on skids or a proving-carriage1 to test the trunnions4 ,if five per cent4 out of any lot offered for ordinary proof under a contract shall fail to sustain it1 the whole may be rejected1 as may be stipulated in the contract4 ,,water-,,proof4 #cb4 ,the pressure to be applied in the water-proof will be two atmospheres1 or thirty pounds to the square inch4 ,the penetration of water in this proof through the metal of the piece1 in any place1 will cause the rejection of the gun2 and if1 on examination after the water-proof1 there shall be any defects indicated by weeping or dampness in the bore1 the gun shall be rejected4 ,the water-proof is alone to be depended on to detect minute clusters of cavities in the bore1 which for this purpose should be perfectly dry1 and examined by sunlight4 ,all inspections1 consequently1 should take place in fair weather1 and when the temperature is above the freezing-point4 ,,marking ,,guns4 #cc4 ,guns for the naval service1 received by authority of the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 are to be marked in the following manner1 viz43 ,on the cylinder1 in the line of sight near the sight-mass1 all accepted guns are to have stamped an anchor two inches long4 ,drawings of these stamps will be furnished by the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,on the base ring or line1 the initials of the foundry1 the register number1 and the weight of gun in pounds4 ,on the right trunnion1 the calibre and year of fabrication4 ,on the left trunnion1 the letter ,p4 and the initials of the inspecting officer2 all the above in one-inch letters4 ,on the upper jaw of the cascabel1 the preponderance in pounds to be stamped lightly with half-inch figures4 ,on the end of the upper jaw1 the cascabel block and head of the pin1 the foundry number in quarter-inch figures4 ,the foundry number is also to be marked on the right rimbase4 ,guns rejected for imperfections of any kind will have the letter ,c4 stamped on the anchor1 so as to partially obliterate it4 ,the founders are to be dissuaded from selling such guns to other parties1 and required to break them up4 ,guns rejected for such defects as render them dangerous to those who fire them1 should be irreparably mutilated1 with the consent of the founder4 ,,extreme ,,proof ,,of ,,trial-,,guns4 #cd4 ,the extreme proof of guns intended for trial of metal1 subject to such modifications by the ,bureau as future experience may dictate1 will be conducted as follows3 ,a suitable 'butt' shall be erected to arrest the flight of the projectiles used in proof1 and to admit of their easy recovery1 and a bomb-proof1 readily accessible1 for the protection of the firing party4 ,when practicable1 the 'butt' should be made thick enough to allow the shot to just pass through1 and be stopped by another beyond it1 without penetrating the latter2 this is1 for ,,xi-inch1 about #ab feet4 ,with care1 it is estimated that #acj shells may be fired #a1jjj times1 at the rate of one hundred rounds1 per day4 ,after undergoing the ordinary proof established for its calibre and class1 the gun selected for extreme proof shall be subjected to at least #a1jjj rounds with service charges4 ,it may be fired from the skids1 or suspended1 as the ,bureau may direct4 ,during the trial the gun shall be frequently and critically examined1 inside and out1 for cracks or defects1 especially about the interior orifice of the vent1 of which impressions are to be taken in wax at regular intervals1 in the manner prescribed on page #af1 or in such other manner as the ,bureau may direct4 ,if they show that the vent is corroded in furrows1 and enlarged considerably in diameter at its junction with the bore1 a permanent impression is to be taken in lead1 to show the conical enlargement4 ,the following manner1 practised at the ,experimental ,battery at ,washington1 is recommended3 ,,implements ,,required4 #ce4 #a4 ,a soft wire about #j4jg in4 in diameter1 and #c or #d fathoms long4 #b4 ,a lever about twice the length of the bore1 and about #c inches in diameter1 and shod to suit the curve of the bore nearly4 #c4 ,a small button of soft lead1 judged to be of sufficient size to fill the vent at least one inch from the bore4 ,this is to be pierced lengthwise to receive the wire4 ,,to ,,take ,,the ,,impression4 #cf4 ,shove the wire through the vent2 let it pass along the bore and out at the muzzle2 put it through the leaden button and tie a knot at the end4 ,draw the wire back through the vent until the leaden button is introduced firmly into the inner orifice4 ,illustration3 ,,types ,,of ,,vents4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,apply the lever1 making its shoe bear on the button1 and force it well in by repeated blows1 the muzzle being the fulcrum4 ,this done1 disengage the button by pushing in the priming-wire4 ,in taking impressions of the vent and cracks1 each button in turn is used as a pattern for moulding its successor1 allowing for the progressive enlargement of the vent1 or the cracks emanating from it4 ,when the crack shows itself1 the head of the button should be so enlarged as to include it4 ,these examinations should take place after every twenty fires1 at least1 and more frequently when any unusual enlargement of the vent or extension of cracks shall be developed1 and indicate its speedy destruction4 ,before each examination the bore of the gun is to be carefully washed and dried4 ,in recording the measurements of the bore in extreme proof and after service1 distinguish between indentation1 which is the depression at the seat of the shot1 which is always below1 and the wear of the bore1 which is generally above1 and increase of bore1 or enlargement from any other cause4 ,when from the appearance of the bore at the interior orifice of the vent1 and especially when a crack or cracks appear to be extending rapidly1 the vent so enlarged may be filled with melted tin1 zinc1 or ,babbitt metal1--a tight-fitting sponge-head being pushed to the bottom of the chamber to close the interior orifice1--and the other vent be drilled through for the purpose of continuing the firing4 ,the precise time at which this is to be done will vary1 according to circumstances2 such as quality of metal1 charge1 and elevation4 ,the endurance of a smooth-bored gun with service charges may be surely predicted by observation of the progressive wear of the interior orifice of the vent4 ,there are certain general forms in which this enlargement takes place4 ,they may be classed as triangular1 lozenge1 quadrilateral1 star1 circular1 and elliptic4 7,see ,plate47 ,with the ordinary central vent1 when subjected to a rapid1 continuous fire1 the enlargement usually takes the form of an isosceles triangle1 the apex of one of the angles towards the muzzle1 and the other two perpendicular to it4 ,with the lateral vent of the ,dahlgren system it usually takes the lozenge form1 the cracks extending from the opposite angles lengthwise of the bore4 ,with those rifled cannon in which the vent is bouched1 the cracks appear around the bouching2 and although the bouching preserves the vent1 yet the formation of fissures around the enlarged orifice1 when once commenced1 causes a greater tendency to rupture4 ,with the vent not bouched1 the wear in rifled cannon is about double that of the smooth-bore4 ,so long as the wear of the vent is regular and without cracks1 a mere enlargement is not indicative of danger2 but when it reaches a diameter of four-tenths 74#d7 of an inch the vent should be closed and a new one opened4 ,a gun of large calibre should not in service be expected to endure more than #djj or #ejj rounds before it will be necessary to open the new vent1 which1 however1 will be of no advantage1 unless the old one be closed at its interior orifice1 on which the gases would otherwise continue to act as a wedge4 ,the first distinct appearance of the cracks1 as shown by the button1 is the proper limit4 ,after the gun bursts1 make a sketch or draft showing lines of fracture1 and reserve specimens to be sent to the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington for trial of density and tensile strength2 and1 if practicable1 a photograph should be taken4 ,illustration3 ,,xi ,,in4 ,,gun ,no4 #hig4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,guns ,,for ,,service4 #cg4 ,after the guns have been received at the ,navy ,yards it is necessary to adjust the sights1 and1 in the guns of the ,dahlgren pattern1 cut the screw hole in the cascabel4 ,,cutting ,,the ,,screw-,,hole4 #ch4 ,the boring and screw-cutting machine is a convenient portable hand drill-press1 the use of which is readily understood by any machinist4 ,the gun being carefully levelled1 and the trunnions placed horizontal1 the position of the centre of the screw-hole1 which in the guns of the ,dahlgren pattern is tangent to the radius of the breech1 is marked on the neck of the cascabel with a centre punch4 ,the machine is placed on the cascabel1 the boring shaft inserted in the hollow leading bar1 and its movable centre placed on the mark4 ,the instrument is then set vertical1 by a spirit-level on the cogged driving-wheel1 and the four pairs of set screws on the clamp-head embracing the cascabel4 ,the centre is then removed1 and a drill inserted in the lower extremity of the boring-shaft1 which1 being held firmly by a shoulder and turned by a four-armed wrench1 while pressed up to the metal by slowly turning the cogged driving-wheel1 cuts the hole4 ,this is successively enlarged1 by two or more counterbits1 to the size of the body of the screw4 ,the cutter is then inserted in the leading bar1 and the thread cut4 ,,adjustment ,,of ,,the ,,sights4 #ci4 ,the bore having been thoroughly cleaned1 the axis is levelled by a spirit-level2 this may be very conveniently done by the aid of the levelling-bar4 ,the axis of the trunnions is to be laid horizontal1 either by placing a small level on the trunnions1 or1 as more exact1 by using the trunnion-square4 ,if the trunnion-square is used it will be proper to verify the position of the line of sight1 which is frequently incorrectly placed at the foundries4 ,the breech-sight is then to be adjusted4 ,a brass head or tompion1 fitted with a vertical arm1 on which there is a ledge for a spirit-level1 is then introduced into the bore1 and the arm placed vertical by the spirit-level and a tangent screw4 ,the arm is pierced on its centre line with two holes--one at the height of the prescribed diameter of the muzzle1 the other at a height equal to the proper distance of the bottom of the sight-notch from the axis of the bore4 ,a waxed thread or fine wire1 being stretched from the upper hole to the centre of the sight-notch1 will coincide with the line of sight traced on the swell of the muzzle1 the top of the reinforce sight-mass1 and the base-line1 if they are correctly placed4 ,it will also be parallel to the axis of the bore if the adjustment of the breech-sight is exact1 and the top of the reinforce-sight is made to coincide with it4 ,this is1 however1 seldom the case1 and after the adjustment of the reinforce-sight it is necessary to verify it4 ,this is done by the levelling-bar--a square steel bar with parallel faces1 somewhat longer than the distance between the sights1 the rear end of which is bevelled at #fj deg4 7the angle at which the sight is placed74 ,the outer end of this bar is placed on the reinforce-sight1 which has been previously adjusted to the proper height1 and the bevelled end in contact with the outer face of the sight-bar4 ,the bar is then levelled by two screws placed near the inner end1 and a spirit-level on its upper surface4 ,if then the bottom of the sight-notch coincides with the bottom of the bar1 the line of sight is parallel to the axis2 otherwise1 the reinforce-sight or the sight-bar must be lowered until coincidence is obtained4 ,a centre line on the bar verifies the coincidence of the line of sight1 and also the motion of the sight-bar in the vertical plane4 ,the bevel verifies the angle of the bar2 and the distance between the outer faces of the sight-notch and of the reinforce-sight1 being also marked on the levelling-bar1 verifies this adjustment4 ,another method is sometimes and more advantageously used in adjusting the sights of guns which have not been turned4 ,two iron or wooden disks are turned to the exact diameter of the bore1 and placed on a rod two or three feet longer than the bore4 ,one of the disks is placed near the bottom of the bore1 the other just within the muzzle4 ,on the part projecting beyond the muzzle there is a double square1 each arm of which is divided into equal parts and traversed by a fine slit4 ,the square being set vertical by a spirit-level or plumb-line1 and a waxed thread or wire stretched taut from the outer arm through the slit1 cutting equal divisions on each1 and passing through the centre of the slit1 it is evident that a line of sight is obtained through the centre of metal and parallel to the axis of the bore4 ,this method has the advantage of adjusting the sights in any plane parallel to the axis1 as in the case of the side-sights of rifled and other cannon4 ,,adjustment ,,of ,,the ,,side-,,sights4 #dj4 ,the gun having been levelled1 and the trunnions placed horizontal1 a centre line is to be drawn on the top of the left 7or right7 rimbase4 ,the support for the sight is then to be fitted to the breech1 at the distance from this line marked on the pattern-sight for its calibre1 with the bottom of the sight-notch in the bar1 exactly the height of the front sight 7one inch7 above the upper surface of the rimbase2 the sight-bar perpendicular4 ,it is advisable to place a very thin sheet of rubber under the support1 to prevent the heads of the screws from being jumped off by the vibration4 ,the screws have the same thread as those for the present reinforce-sight4 ,after the breech-sight is adjusted1 a parallel to the axis of the bore is to be drawn in the usual manner1 and the front sight screwed in on the rimbase4 ,some trifling adjustment may then be required1 to bring the height of the top of the front sight and the bottom of the sight-notch parallel to the axis of the bore in both the horizontal and vertical planes4 ,,preservation ,,of ,,guns4 #da4 ,guns received at ,navy ,yards are to be carefully placed on the ranges of masonry1 capped with iron skids or bars4 ,it is intended that these shall be so high that the guns may be rolled upon them without their trunnions touching the ground1 and that the earth will not be beaten up against their muzzles by heavy rains4 #db4 ,the surface over which guns are to be stowed should be kept firm and clear of all vegetation1 and for this purpose should be covered with cinders from the smiths' forges1 or other substance unfavorable to or destructive of the growth of plants and grasses4 #dc4 ,in stowing the guns they should be made to rest on one of the skids or bars1 a little forward of the base-ring1 the muzzle depressed1 but not so much as to prevent the use of the sponge to clean out the gun2 the axis of the trunnion of each to be inclined the same way1 and just enough not to touch the adjoining gun2 the vents to be upwards4 #dd4 ,before the stowage is finally made they should be carefully and thoroughly cleaned from rust and all improper coatings1 and be lacquered internally and externally with such composition as may be directed by the ,bureau4 ,this should be applied1 when practicable1 when the guns are well warmed by the rays of the sun4 ,the vents and all screw-holes are to be stopped with plugs made of soft wood or oakum dipped in tallow1 after they have been protected by an application of beeswax dissolved in spirits of turpentine1 or other composition that may be directed by the ,bureau4 #de4 ,no tompions are to be put into the guns when they are stowed unless expressly directed by the ,bureau2 if so ordered1 a score must be cut out from them on the lower side1 half an inch wide and equally deep4 #df4 ,in lacquering guns care is to be taken to leave the distinguishing marks and numbers distinctly visible4 #dg4 ,shell-guns are always to be denominated by the diameter of the bore2 shot-guns by the weight of their shot4 #dh4 ,guns of the same calibre and class1 when it can be conveniently done1 are to be stowed in the same tier or range1 and those of each class belonging to or selected for any particular vessel kept together4 ,each tier or range of guns of a particular calibre or class is to be marked accordingly with paint on a sign-board1 and the first gun of each class belonging to a vessel is to be marked with the name of the vessel4 #di4 ,the ,officer on ,ordnance duty will examine all the guns in the yard and on board vessels in ordinary1 at least once in every two weeks1 and take care that they are kept protected from rust or any other injury1 and will report to the ,bureau whenever any additional precautions or arrangements are required for their proper preservation1 and which may not be furnished by the order of the ,commandant of the ,yard4 #ej4 ,no cutting1 boring1 or chiselling of guns is to be done at any time without express authority from the ,bureau4 #ea4 ,no condemnation of guns or small arms belonging to the ,navy is to be made1 except upon surveys specially ordered1 and confirmed by the ,chief of the ,bureau2 nor of other articles which have been furnished under his authority1 or by his direction1 unless by surveys ordered or sanctioned by him4 #eb4 ,when guns and their equipments are to be put on board vessels for their armament1 the guns are to be carefully and thoroughly cleaned and examined1 to see that they are in all respects in proper serviceable condition4 ,the vents should be examined with the vent-gauges and searchers1 to see that they are clear from any substance which may obstruct the use of priming-wires and primers4 #ec4 ,the carriages are also to be carefully examined1 the trunnion-holes and arms of the axletrees cleaned1 and saturated with boiled linseed oil1 the cracks filled with putty1 and rubbed smooth1 and the trunnion-holes black-leaded4 ,the iron work should be freed from rust1 all screws be made to work easily1 and be well cleaned and coated with proper composition4 #ed4 ,the ,ordnance ,officers will see that the sights are properly fitted and marked for their proper guns4 ,the greatest care should be taken that they are properly adjusted1 as the efficiency of the ship depends on it1 and it is difficult to detect or remedy any error after they are placed on board2 that the beds and quoins are fitted and adjusted1 and the quoins graduated to degrees or distances to correspond with those marked on the sight-bars4 ,porter's quoin is adopted for all carriages requiring quoins4 #ee4 ,new guns are to have locks fitted to them before being put on board ship4 ,those having two lugs will have the one on the right fitted2 the other is to be left solid4 #ef4 ,when the guns are to be shipped for transportation merely1 the same precautions are to be taken to guard them from injury as on shore1 with the addition of a wad dipped into the composition which covers the bore1 thrust into the muzzle1 and connected with the tompion by a lanyard4 ,in the transportation of guns by rail--unboxed--the vents are to be plugged with soft wood1 puttied over1 and turned vent downwards on the trucks4 ,all bronze howitzers transported by rail shall be boxed4 #eg4 ,at the termination of a cruise the guns composing the battery of every vessel-of-war of the ,united ,states1 shall be carefully examined by the ,ordnance ,officer of the ,yard1 and such others as may be directed1 with the view to discover and report any injuries which they may have sustained in service1 or any defects which may not have been developed in the original proof4 ,in this examination the attention of the ,inspecting ,officers is to be directed to the following points1 viz43 ,enlargement of the interior or exterior orifice of the vent4 ,indentations or hollows produced by the shot balloting against the surface of the bore1 or by the action of the gases4 ,cuts or scratches in the bore1 produced by fragments of broken or the roughness of imperfect shot4 ,roughness or corrosion of the metal on the exterior1 produced by neglect or exposure4 ,similar injuries in the bore1 or any enlargement of the bore1 which is to be ascertained by measuring with the star-gauge1 at every one-fourth 7#a_/d7 of an inch from the bottom of the cylindrical part to the seat of the shot1 every inch from that point to the trunnion1 thence every #e inches to the muzzle1 and the results recorded in the usual form1 and reported to the ,bureau1 that they may be compared with those noted at the original inspection4 ,in rifled cannon1 cracks or injuries produced by firing1 or the rupture of shells1 are to be sought for3-- ,around and in rear of the vent bouching2 ,on the top of the bore1 between the trunnions and reinforce band4 ,on the lower side of the bore1 near the seat of the shot1 at the junction of the lands and grooves4 ,near the inside of the muzzle1 caused by explosion of shells4 ,care is to be taken that the distinguishing marks and numbers are always accurately noted1 that the correct history of each gun may be preserved4 #eh4 ,before sailing1 the ,inspector of ,ordnance will furnish the commander with a descriptive list of his battery1 together with a statement of the number of times each gun on board has been fired1 in the following form2 a copy of which the commander shall transmit to the ,bureau before sailing3 this list shall be returned to the ,inspector of the ,yard to which she may return1 with all additional firing noted opposite the number of each gun1 certified correct by the commander4 ,in the list furnished by the ,inspector1 if the number of fires is estimated1 it is to be entered in red ink 7,see ,arts4 #fb-fd71 and so carried forward in the subsequent returns4 ,,name ,,of ,,vessel4 ,,station4 7 7 7 7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,class ,,marks ,,on ,,base-,,ring4 ,,trunnions4 ,,pivot1 ,,or ,,where ,,number ,,of -------------------------------------,,b roadside4,,received4,,fires ,,of ,,gun4,reg4 ,no4,weight4,foundry4,right4,left4 ,,to ,,date4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,forwarded by ,commanding4 #ei4 ,the ,bureau directs that1 whenever a gun is taken on board a vessel1 the number of rounds which have been fired from it be ascertained by the ,commander1 a record made thereof1 and forwarded with the descriptive list1 in the above form1 to the ,bureau2 and whenever a gun is landed or transferred to another vessel1 a similar record is to be furnished the officer receiving it1 which must be stated in the receipt for the gun1 and a copy forwarded to the ,bureau of ,ordnance by the officer delivering the gun4 ,the ,commander shall also transmit to the ,bureau a quarterly return1 according to the prescribed form 7,see ,appendix ,b1 ,no4 ,x47 of all firing whether with or without projectiles1 in action or otherwise2 noting particularly the kind of shell1 species of fuze1 kind1 charge1 and name of maker of the powder used in the gun and shell4 ,he shall take care to note also the number of premature explosions of shells1 and the point at which they take place1 with the supposed causes thereof4 #fj4 ,the ,inspector will also furnish the commander with a set of leaden impressions of the interior orifice of the vents of the guns1 secured in a suitable box1 that he may be able to compare the wear and gradual enlargement4 ,these will be transferred with the guns to other ships or when landed4 #fa4 ,the protracted firing to which the ,navy cannon have been subjected1 and to which they will continue to be liable1 renders it necessary not to exceed the number of fires designated for each vent4 ,these must never exceed five hundred 7#ejj7 fires for each vent4 ,in the ,,ix-in41 ,,xi-in41 and guns of similar form1 the right vent is always bored through1 and the left initiated sufficiently to give it direction4 ,when five hundred 7#ejj7 rounds have been fired from the right vent1 it is to be closed by filling it with molten zinc or lead1 and the left vent is to be bored1 which will require a skilful mechanic4 ,when the left vent has been fired five hundred 7#ejj7 rounds1 the gun is to be disused1 as it will then have been fired one thousand 7#a1jjj7 times4 ,it may happen1 from some peculiarity in the nature of the iron1 that the vent may be worn to its full extent before five hundred 7#ejj7 rounds have been fired1 in which case the vent is then to be closed1 and the other vent opened4 ,the gun should be frequently and critically examined inside and out for cracks or defects1 especially about the interior orifice of the vent1 of which impressions should be taken after every ten shotted rounds in practice1 and at the close of an action4 ,the instrument described on p4 #af is convenient1 but by no means indispensable--any small spar1 such as a boat's mast1 or even the rammer handle with a curved piece of wood seized to the end1 will1 in expert hands1 take an impression of the vent or crack equally well4 #fb4 ,as the best indication of the amount of firing to which any smooth-bored gun has been exposed1 when it is not otherwise known1 is given by the enlargement of the vent1 particular attention will be paid1 in the reinspection of the guns1 to this point4 ,the standard gauge will be used to ascertain the general enlargement1 and the searcher to detect defects which may have been developed in firing4 ,impressions are to be taken of the lower orifice of the vent with softened wax1 and if they show that the vent is corroded in furrows and enlarged considerably in diameter at its junction with the bore1 a permanent impression is to be taken in lead to show the conical enlargement4 7,see mode of taking impressions1 ,arts4 #ce and #cf47 #fc4 ,when the number of rounds fired is not known1 an estimate may be made from an examination of the vent by cylindrical gauges differing from each other by 4#ja of an inch passed through it4 ,if the number is estimated1 it is to be entered in red ink4 #fd4 ,in all the guns of the ,dahlgren pattern the vents are 74#b7 two-tenths of an inch in diameter4 ,in all other guns 4#bb of an inch exterior1 4#b of an inch on the interior4 ,observation of the wear of the vent in proof firing of smooth-bored guns gives the following as the average diameter of the vent1 after the undermentioned number of fires3 ,no4 of rounds #ajj #bjj #cjj #djj #ejj ,diameter of vent 4#bd 4#bf 4#cj 4#ce 4#dj ,these1 combined with examination of the interior orifice1 will enable a very correct judgment to be formed of the probable number of fires sustained and duration of the gun4 ,the larger the calibre and the heavier the charge the more promptly the wear is manifested on the interior and exterior4 ,this enlargement does not extend very far from the lower orifice until the enlargement on the exterior has reached a diameter of 4#c of an inch4 #fe4 ,so long as the wear is regular1 and the cracks1 although numerous1 do not exceed 4#e of an inch in length1 the indications are good4 ,if the cracks are but few or diminish in number1 running into each other and extending rapidly1 it is a very unfavorable sign4 ,in the rifle cannon 7,parrott's7 cracks athwart the bore either running into the bouching or in the rear of it are very unfavorable to the gun's endurance4 #ff4 ,whenever any premature explosions of shells take place within the gun or near the muzzle1 a careful examination of the gun shall be made2 and all the circumstances of the case1 together with the opinions of the commander and officers in immediate charge as to the cause thereof1 reported to the ,bureau2 taking care to state the kind of shell and species of fuze used2 the mode of loading2 whether the shell was lined or coated on the interior2 kind1 charge1 and name of maker of the powder which was used in the gun and shell4 ,there is reason to believe that few failures of the ,parrott rifles have occurred where the guns have not been previously1 or at the time1 injuriously strained by the explosion of shells within the bore4 #fg ,whenever a gun shall give away under fire1 or an accident of any kind happen to one1 the ,bureau desires to be immediately informed of all the facts in relation thereto4 ,particular attention should be paid to the following points3 #a4 ,the manner in which the gun was loaded1 stating the charge and kind of powder used1 and character and weight of projectiles4 #b4 ,the condition and appearance of the gun after it gave way1 and what effect was produced on the carriage by the explosion4 #c4 ,what injuries1 if any1 occurred to the crew of the gun or vessel4 ,sketches of the gun and fragments which remain should also be sent to the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington for trial of density and tensile strength1 accompanied by the written statement in detail of the officers in immediate charge of the gun1 and if practicable a photograph should be taken4 ,,inspection ,,of ,,shot ,,and ,,shells4 ,,rules ,,and ,,memoranda ,,for ,,the ,,government ,,of ,,inspectors4 #fh4 ,all shot and shells for the naval service must be-- #ast4 ,made from gray or mottled charcoal pig-iron4 #b;d4 ,this iron most not be blasted with anthracite coal4 #c;d4 ,it must be poured into sand moulds4 #fi4 ,after being cast in this manner1 the shot and shells must be-- #ast4 ,spherical4 #b;d4 ,smooth on the surface4 #c;d4 ,free from the defects named in the following rules for the use of the inspecting instruments3 ,,for ,,shot4 #gj4 ,,inspecting ,,instruments4--,one large1 small1 and one medium ring gauge1 and one cylinder-gauge for each calibre4 ,the cylinder-gauge shall have the same diameter as the large gauge1 made of cast iron1 and three calibres in length4 ,one hammer weighing two pounds1 and having a flat face and a conical point2 one searcher1 of steel wire1 with a handle2 one pair of calipers and standard scale2 one cold chisel2 steel punches4 #ga4 ,after having been well cleaned1 each shot is placed upon a table1 and examined to see that its surface is smooth1 and that the metal is sound and free from seams1 flaws1 and blisters4 ,if clusters of cavities or small holes appear on the surface1 strike the point of the hammer into them1 and ascertain their depth with the searcher4 ,if the depth of the cavity exceeds #j4b inch1 the shot shall be rejected2 it shall also be rejected if any attempt is made to conceal defects by plugging or filling holes in any mode whatever4 #gb4 ,the shot must pass in every direction through the large gauge1 and not at all through the small one2 the calipers and scale will determine exactly the difference of diameters of the same projectile4 #gc4 ,the ring and cylinder gauges shall be examined before each inspection1 and when found to have enlarged #j4ja of an inch1 must be laid aside and marked as unserviceable4 #gd4 ,the shot are next to be passed through the cylinder-gauge1 placed at an inclination of about two inches between the ends1 and supported in such a manner as to be easily turned from time to time1 to prevent its being worn in furrows4 ,shot which slide or stick in the cylinder shall be rejected2 the latter must be pushed out from the lower end of the cylinder with a wooden rammer4 ,illustration3 ,,principal ,,inspecting ,,instruments ,,for ,,shells ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,publisher4 ,julius ,bien1 pr4 #ge4 ,the next proof of shot is to drop a few taken indiscriminately from the lot under inspection from a height of twenty feet on a solid platform of iron1 or roll them down an inclined plane of the same height against a mass of iron2 after which they are again examined for defects of metal4 #gf4 ,the average weight of shot shall be determined by weighing at least three parcels1 of from #bj to #ej each1 taken indiscriminately from the lot4 ,as many of the lightest shall be weighed separately as the inspecting officer may deem necessary1 and all found to fall below the least weight allowed in the annexed table of the dimensions of shot and shells shall be rejected4 ,shot made of charcoal iron will be stamped with a 99 or burr near the gate4 ,,shells4 #gg4 ,shells should be cast on a half-inch hollow spindle1 to allow the gas to pass freely from the core2 the fuze-hole would then be sufficiently large to admit the gauge for thickness before the shells leave the foundry4 #gh4 ,,inspecting ,,instruments4--,in addition to the instruments for shot1 there will be required calipers with steel points for measuring the thickness of the shell at points on the great circle at right angles with the axis of the fuze-hole2 gauges for the thickness at and opposite the fuze-hole2 a conical flat steel gauge for the fuze-hole1 marked at the point to which it should enter2 a pair of strong hand-bellows1 with a wooden plug to fit the fuze-hole and the nozzle air-tight4 7,see ,plate47 ,,inspection4 #gi4 ,the surface of the shell and its exterior dimensions1 form1 weight1 and strength1 are to be examined and tested as in the case of shot1 and subject to all the conditions there specified4 #hj4 ,the greatest care is to be taken to remove every particle of sand or fragment of iron from the interior when they are about to be loaded for service4 ,and the ,inspectors of ,ordnance at foundries or ,navy ,yards will satisfy themselves that this has been done before accepting or preparing them for service4 #ha4 ,the shell is next struck with a hammer1 to judge by the ring or sound whether it is free from cracks2 and the exterior and interior diameters of the fuze-hole 7which should be accurately reamed7 are to be verified1 and the soundness of the metal about the inside of the fuze-hole ascertained4 ,to determine the thickness of the metal1 three points1 at least1 on the great circle at right angles to the axis of the fuze-hole are to be measured2 also one at the fuze-hole and one at the bottom4 ,no shell shall be received which deviates more than one-tenth of an inch from the proper thickness in any part4 #hb4 ,the shell is next placed in a tub of water1 which should be deep enough to completely cover the shell4 ,air is then forced by the bellows into the shell4 ,if there are any holes in it1 air-bubbles will rise on the surface of the water1 and the shell shall be rejected4 #hc4 ,this occasionally occurs from the escape of air from porous spots which do not extend to the interior of the shells4 ,in this case the action of the bellows produces no increase of bubbles1 which cease rising as soon as the spots or cavities are filled with water4 ,porous spots are also detected by their absorbing water and drying slowly when exposed to the air1 and shall likewise cause the rejection of the shell4 #hd4 ,the ,inspecting ,officers will stamp the shell at one inch from the fuze-hole with their initials1 also those of the foundry at which they are cast4 ,the ,inspector or one of his assistants must be present when shot or shell are inspected2 and the stamps and marks are always to be retained in the possession of the ,inspector4 #he4 ,rejected shells are to be mutilated by chipping a piece out at the fuze-hole4 #hf4 ,if1 upon the inspection of shot or shells1 any of them should be found not to conform strictly to these instructions or to the requirements of the contract under which they are offered for reception1 the ,inspecting ,officer is not to receive them2 but if1 in his opinion1 the defects1 taken in connection with the general character of the articles1 will not impair their efficacy or render them unsafe or hazardous1 he may refer to the ,chief of the ,bureau of ,ordnance for his decision1 forwarding to him minute and full information on the subject4 #hg4 ,shot and shells shall be delivered for inspection at the places specified in the contract1 at the expense of the contractor2 and those which are rejected shall be immediately removed1 also at his expense4 ,,table ,,of ,,shot ,,and ,,shell ,,gauges4 #hh4 ,,shot4 ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4 ,,xiii4 ,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 #h4 #cb4 7,cored47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,diameter of large gauge for foundries4 #ad4hc #ab4hc #aj4hc #i4hc #h4hc #g4hh #f4bh ,diameter of small gauge for foundries4 #ad4gg #ab4gg #aj4gg #i4gg #h4gg #g4hb #f4bb ,mean of gauge for foundries4 in4 #ad4hj #ab4hj #aj4hj #i4hj #h4hj #g4he #f4be ,mean weight required of foundries4 lbs4 #djj4 #bgf4 #aff4 #abd4 #ij4 #fe4 #cb4e ,least weight allowed foundries4 lbs4 -- -- -- -- -- #fd4e #cb4 ,diameter of small gauges for service4 #ast class in4 -- -- -- -- -- #g4hb #f4bb #b;d class in4 -- -- -- -- -- #g4hj #f4bj ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #hi4 ,,shell4 ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4 ,,xiii4 ,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 #h4 #cb4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,diameter of large gauge for foundries4 #ad4hc #ab4hc #aj4hg #i4hg #h4hg #g4hh #f4bh ,diameter of small gauge for foundries4 #ad4gg #ab4gg #aj4hc #i4hc #h4hc #g4hb #f4bb ,mean of gauge for foundries4 in4 #ad4hj #ab4hj #aj4he #i4he #h4he #g4he #f4be ,proper in4 #b4he #b4cg #b4 #a4hj #a4fj #a4ej #a4be ,thickness4 ,greatest in4 #b4ie #b4dg #b4aj #a4ij #a4gj #a4fj #a4ce ,least in4 #b4ge #b4bg #a4ij #a4gj #a4ej #a4dj #a4ae ,diameter of fuze-hole4 ,proper and least 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe ,greatest 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge ,diameter of large gauge for strapped4 #ad4ic #ab4ic #aj4ic #i4ic #h4ih #g4ic #f4cc ,mean weight required for foundries4 lbs4 #ccj4 #bjh4 #abg4 #ie4 #fh4ejej4 #be4 ,least weight allowed foundries for any one4 lbs4 -- -- #abf4 #id4 #fg4ejdi4 #bd4e ,weight of filled and sabotted4 lbs4 #ceb4 #baf4e #ace4e #aja4ejgc4ejeb4gebf4e ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,for gauges of boat-gun fixed ammunition1 see ,boat ,armament of ,united ,states ,navy1 by ,admiral ,dahlgren1 #b;d edition1 #ahef4 #ij4 ,,shrapnel4 ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4 ,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,mean of empty case4 ,gauge in4 #ad4h #aj4he #i4he #h4he ,thickness in4 #a4be #a4 4#hg 4#ge ,weight lbs4 #agh4 #gf4 #eg4 #ch4 ,balls ,number #ajjj4 #fbe4 #dce4 #cej4 ,diameter lbs4 #a4 4#he 4#he 4#he ,weight lbs4 #adj4 #ea4 #cc4e #bg4 ,sulphur4 lbs4 #cj4 #aj4 #h4e #g4 ,bursting charge4 oz4 #aj4 #f4 #d4 #c4 ,weight complete4 ,weight sabotted4 lbs4 #ceh4 #ada4 #aja4 #ge4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 #h4 #cb4 #bd #ab ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean of empty case4 ,gauge in4 #g4he #f4be #e4fg #d4eb ,thickness in4 4#fi 4#fj 4#ee 4#de ,weight lbs4 #bi4 #ae4 #aa4 #f4e ,balls ,number #bbj4 #bce4 lead#age4 lead #hj4 lead ,diameter lbs4 4#he 4#fe 4#fe 4#fe ,weight lbs4 #ag4 #ad4 #aj4e #d4ge ,sulphur4 lbs4 #e4 #b4be #a4e 4#ge ,bursting charge4 oz4 #b4e #a4be #dej4 #cej4 grs4 grs4 ,weight complete4 ,weight sabotted4 lbs4 #eb4 #cb4 #bd4 #ab4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ia4 ,,dimensions ,,of ,,sabots ,,and ,,straps ,,for ,,shell ,,and ,,shrapnel4 ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4 ,,xiii4 ,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 #h4 #cb4 #bd4 #ab4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,thickness in4 #e4 #d4ej #b4ge #b4ge #b4dj #b4 #a4ej #a4ij #a4ej ,diameter greatest in4#ad4beab4beaj4ej #i4ej #h4fj #f4ij #f4 #e4g #d4fj least in4#ad4beab4beaj4ej #i4ej #h4fj #f4hj #e4ej #e4ee #d4dj ,depth of saucers in4 #b4ej #b4be #a4hj #a4fj #a4dj #a4bj #a4 #a4ej #a4cj ,weights lbs4 #h4ij #e4ej #b4gj #b4dj #a4he 4#ij 4#ej 4#df 4#bb ,shell-straps ,length in4#be4gebb4e #ag4beag4bead4geac4beaj4be #g4fbef4cge ,width in4 #a4be #a4 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#ge 4#fbe 4#ej 4#cge ,tin ,no4 ,,xxd ,,xxd ,,xxd ,,xxd ,,ix ,,ix ,,ic ,,ic ,,ic ,tacks ,no4 #bj #af #ab #ab #h #h #h #d #d ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #ib4 ,,grape4 ,,rifle ------- ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 #h4 #cb4 #bd4ab4bj4ab4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,weight of stand lbs4 -- #cd4gebf4ajbj4d #ae4g #h4ge ,weight of balls lbs4 -- #hi4ajga4gjbe4bjcg4abbd4hj ,number of balls -- #ae4 #ae4 #ah4 #ah4 #ab4 ,diameter of balls in4 -- #c4ee #c4cd #b4hj #b4ej #b4ej ,weight complete lbs4 -- #abe4jhih4fbgd4ajeh4becc4ej ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #ic4 ,,canister4 ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 ,,xv4 ,,xi4 ,x4 ,,ix4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,windage in4 4#be 4#be 4#be 4#be ,height ,empty case in4 #ae4ej #ac4ej #aa4geaj4e ,finished in4 #ad4 #ab4 #aj4e #i4e ,case notched1 and turned over in4 4#ge 4#ge 4#fe 4#ej ,thickness of head ,top in4 #a4 #e_/h #e_/h #e_/h ,middle in4 #a4 #e_/h ,bottom in4 #b4 #a4 #a4 #a4 ,size of ,rod in4#ac_/af #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b ,nut diameter in4 #b4ge #a4ge #a4ge #a4ge thickness in4 #a4ej #a4 #a4 #a4 ,bale in4 #a_/b #c_/e #e_/h #c_/e ,metal and thickness ,iron ,no4 #bj4 #be4 #be4 #be4 ,tin ,no4 -- -- -- -- ,balls ,number #fjj4 #cae4 #bij4 #bcj4 ,diameter in4 #a4cj #a4cj #a4cj #a4cj ,weight lbs4#aej4 #he4 #gj4 #fe4 ,weight finished lbs4#bjg4 #abj4 #ih4 #gj4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,dimensions1 ,,weight4 #h4 #cb4 #bd4 #ab4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,windage in4 4#be 4#be 4#ae 4#ae ,height ,empty case in4 #i4ge #h4fe #e4 #c4he ,finished in4 #h4ge #g4ge #f4 #e4 ,case notched1 and turned over in4 4#ej 4#de #d4fe #c4eb ,thickness of head ,top in4 4#ge 4#ej 4#ce 4#c ,middle in4 ,bottom in4 4#ge 4#ej #a4ij #a4ij ,size of ,rod in4 ,nut diameter in4 thickness in4 ,bale in4 ,metal and thickness ,iron ,no4 ,tin ,no4 ,,xxd ,,xxd ,,ic ,,ic ,balls ,number #afb4 #ajj4 #ci4 #ci4 ,diameter in4 #a4cj #a4cj #a4cj #a4 ,weight lbs4 #de4 #bh4 #ab4e #e4he ,weight finished lbs4 #ej4 #cj4 #ad4ee #g4ge ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,note4--,bottom of ,,xv-inch canister1 of two thicknesses of oak1 ash1 or beech1 crossing each other2 put together with wrought-iron nails1 clinched2 spindle riveting on the bottom through a #c inches square plate1 #a_/d thick2 cast-iron hexagonal nut1 with wrought-iron bale4 ,for ,,xi1 ,x1 and ,,ix-inch1 bottom-head one thickness of one-inch oak1 ash1 or beech2 spindle riveting on a plate #a-a_/d inches wide1 by #a_/d thick1 running across the grain the whole width of bottom1 with a rivet at each end of plate4 ,top and centre heads of all made of white pine4 ,iron cases to be well painted inside with red before filling4 #id4 ,shot of the first class1 or which do not exceed #j4ah of an inch windage1 are to be entirely black1 and those of the second class1 having from #j4ah to #j4bj of an inch windage1 to be marked partly white4 ,each class is to be piled and kept separate from every other4 ,both classes are to be considered and supplied as serviceable shot2 but are to be stowed separately on board ship1 and the returns to the ,bureau are to show the number of each1 respectively4 ,the number of those having more than #j4bj of an inch windage are to be reported and retained until special orders may be given for their disposition4 ,in case any should be taken as the foundation for piling serviceable shot1 they are to be painted entirely white and their number returned as unserviceable4 ,,piling ,,of ,,balls4 #ie4 ,to find the number of balls in a pile--,multiply the sum of the three parallel edges by one-third of the number of balls in a triangular face4 ,in a square pile one of the parallel edges contains but one ball2 in a triangular pile two of the edges have but one ball in each4 ,the number of balls in a triangular face is x7x#a7_/b2 x being the number in the bottom row4 ,the sum of the three parallel edges in a triangular pile is x#b2 in a square pile1 #bx#a2 in an oblong pile1 #c,x #bx-#b2 ,x being the length of the top row1 and x the width of the bottom tier2 or #cm-x#a2 m being the length1 x the width of the bottom tier4 ,if a pile consists of two piles joined at a right angle1 calculate the contents of one as a common oblong pile1 and of the other as a pile of which the three parallel edges are equal4 #if4 ,,table ,,giving ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,balls ,,in ,a ,,triangular ,,pile1 ,,the ,,base ,,of ,,which ,,is ,x4 ,,value ,,of ,,value ,,of ,,value ,,of ,,value ,,of ,,value ,,of ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,x4 ,s4 ,x4 ,s4 ,x4 ,s4 ,x4 ,s4 ,x4 ,s4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #a #a #f #ef #aa #bhf #af #haf #ba #agga #b #d #g #hd #ab #cfd #ag #ifi #bb #bjbd #c #aj #h #abj #ac #dee #ah #aadj #bc #bcjj #d #bj #i #afe #ad #efj #ai #accj #bd #bfjj #e #ce #aj #bbj #ae #fhj #bj #aedj #be #bibe ---------------------------------------- --------------- #ig4 ,,table ,,giving ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,balls ,,contained ,,in ,a ,,square ,,pile1 ,,the ,,base ,,of ,,which ,,is ,x1 ,,and ,,in ,a ,,rectangular ,,pile1 ,,the ,,sides ,,of ,,which ,,are ,x ,,and ,x ,n4 ,,value ,,differences ,,value ,,of ,n4 ,,of ---------------------------------------- -------- ,x4 #b;d4 #ast4 #j4 #a4 #b4 #c4 #d4 ---------------------------------------- -------- #b #g #i #e #h #aa #ad #ag #c #i #af #ad #bj #bf #cb #ch #d #aa #be #cj #dj #ej #fj #gj #e #ac #cf #ec #cj #he #ajj #aae ---------------------------------------- -------- #f #ae #di #ia #aab #acc #aed #age #g #ag #fd #adj #afh #aif #bbd #eeb #h #ai #ha #bjd #bdj #bgf #cab #cdh #i #ba #ajj #bhe #ccj #cge #dbj #dfe #aj #bc #aba #che #ddj #die #eej #fje ---------------------------------------- -------- #aa #bc #add #ejf #egb #fch #gjd #ggj #ab #bg #aei #fej #gbh #hje #hhd #ifb #ac #bi #aif #hai #iaj #ajja #ajib #aahc #ad #ca #bbe #ajae #aabj #abbe #accj #adce #ae #cc #bee #abdj #acfj #adhj #afjj #agbj ---------------------------------------- -------- #af #ce #bhf #adif #afcb #agfh #aijd #bjdj #ag #cg #cbd #aghe #aihh #bjia #bbdd #bcig #ah #ci #cfa #baji #bbhj #bdea #bfbb #bgic #ai #da #djj #bdgj #bffj #bhej #cjdj #cbci #bj #dc #dda #bhgj #cjhj #cbij #cejj #cgaj ---------------------------------------- -------- #ba #de #dhd #ccaa #cedb #cggc #djjd #dbce #bb #dg #ebi #cgie #djdh #dcja #deed #dhjg #bc #di #egf #dcbe #dfjj #dhgf #eaeb #edbh #bd #ea #fbe #dijj #ebjj #eejj #ehjj #fajj #be #ec #fgf #hebe #ehej #fage #fejj #fhbe ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,value ,,of ,n4 ,,differences ---------------------------------------- ------------- #e4 #f4 #g4 #h4 #i4 #aj4 #ast4 #b;d4 ---------------------------------------- ------- #bj #bc #bf #bi #cb #ce #c #c #dd #ej #ef #fb #fh #gd #f #d #hj #ij #ajj #aaj #abj #acj #aj #e #acj #ade #afj #age #aij #bje #ae #f ---------------------------------------- ------- #aif #bag #bch #bei #bhj #cja #ba #g #bhj #cjh #ccf #cfd #cib #dbj #bh #h #chd #dbj #def #dib #ebh #efd #cf #i #eaj #eee #ajj #fde #fij #gce #de #aj #ffj #gae #ggj #hbe #hhj #ice #ee #aa ---------------------------------------- ------- #hch #ijb #ifh #ajcd #aajj #aaff #ff #ab #ajdj #aaah #aaif #abgd #aceb #adcj #gh #ac #abgd #acfe #adef #aedg #afch #agbi #ia #ad #aedj #afde #agej #ahee #aifj #bjfe #aje #ae #ahdj #aifj #bjhj #bbjj #bcbj #bddj #abj #af ---------------------------------------- ------- #babf #bcab #bddh #behd #bgbj #bhef #acf #ag #beej #bgjc #beef #cjji #cafb #ccae #aed #ah #bifd #cace #chjf #cdgg #cfdh #chai #aaa #ai #cdbj #cfaj #chjj #ciij #dahj #dcgj #aij #bj #cibj #dacj #dcdj #deej #dgfj #digj #baj #ba ---------------------------------------- ------- #ddff #dfig #dibh #eaei #ecij #efba #bca #bb #ejfj #ecac #eeff #ehai #fjgb #fcbe #bec #bc #egjd #cihj #fbef #fecb #fhjc #gjhd #bgf #bd #fdjj #fgjj #gjjj #gcjj #gfjj #gijj #cjj #be #gaej #gdge #ghjj #habe #hdej #hgge #cbe #bf ---------------------------------------- ------- ,the number contained in a square pile is found in the column opposite the number ,x4 ,in a rectangular pile let the smaller side be #ai ,x1 the longer side be #bf ,x ,n4 ,then ,n #g4 ,under #g and opposite #ai we have #c1hjj4 ,this table may be indefinitely extended by the aid of the columns of differences4 ,,preservation ,,of ,,shot ,,and ,,empty ,,shell4 #ih4 ,all round shot and shell are to be cleaned from rust and covered with a thin lacquer of such composition as may be directed by the ,bureau when they are first received and when they are restowed4 #ii4 ,for the present the following colors are established when put on board ship3 ,all shot1 black2 shell1 red2 shrapnel1 white2 length of fuze stencilled on the shell4 ,special kinds of shell1 as may be directed by ,bureau4 7,crane's shell1 yellow2 ,pevey1 blue47 #ajj4 ,empty shell1 whether in store or in transportation1 shall be most carefully protected from damp1 and are to have the fuze-bouching coated with such composition as may be directed1 and be stopped by a plug of very soft wood1 well coated with a mixture of oil and tallow1 screwed into them4 ,the ends of the plugs should not be sawed off even with the shell1 but left square and project sufficiently to allow them to be unscrewed by means of a wrench1 and whenever these plugs are removed for the purpose of fitting the shells for service1 they are not to be thrown away but preserved for future use4 ,they are to be piled with the fuze-holes down1 and free from contact2 under cover when practicable1 but with free ventilation4 #aja4 ,platforms of masonry1 or of condemned shot1 are to be prepared to pile shot and shell upon1 and are not to be wider1 if space can be found than to stow fourteen #cb-pdr4 shot1 or not exceeding eight feet in width4 ,square piles are to be preferred where there is room1 but where this may be deficient1 the piles may be extended in length4 #ajb4 ,shot and shell1 after having been piled1 are to be so far examined in the first week of ,june in each year as to ascertain if they require to be cleaned1 relacquered1 and repiled to secure their proper preservation2 and their condition reported to the ,bureau1 that if any work upon them is necessary it may be finished during the warm months of the year1 when the lacquer can be best applied4 #ajc4 ,whenever shot or shell are to receive lacquer care must be taken that the quantity applied does not increase the diameter more than is indispensably necessary1 and in no case above the established high gauge4 ,old lacquer and rust should be removed by scraping1 as far as can be conveniently done before a new coating is applied4 ,for use at the ,navy ,yards1 a milling machine performs this very expeditiously4 ,neither hammering nor heating is to be resorted to for this purpose4 ,,note4--,after numerous experiments upon different lacquers employed for the preservation of shot and shell from rust1 the ,french have abandoned all of them4 ,the shot and shell are simply piled1 under sheds when practicable1 or in the open air1 and when put on board ship cleaned of rust and rubbed over with whale oil--the same means adopted every three months during the cruise4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,shell ,,for ,,service4 #ajd4 ,the fuzes for shell will be prepared at the ,laboratory in the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington1 and distributed to other ,navy ,yards as they may be required4 ,all fuzes taken from shell1 or returned from ships which have been more than one year in service1 are to be sent to the laboratory to be refitted4 ,fuzes of over two years date of manufacture1 are not to be issued for service1 but returned to the laboratory4 #aje4 ,the charges of powder for spherical shell are to be as follows3 ,,xv- ,,xi- ,x- ,,ix- #h- #cb- ,,boat ,,and ,,field ,,inch,,inch,,inch,,inch,,inch,,pdr4,,ho witzers4 ---------------- #bd-pdr4#ab-pdr4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,lbs4,lbs4,lbs4,lbs4,lbs4,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,bursting or ,service ,charge #ac #f4jjd4jjc4jja4hej4ij #a4j #j4e ,blowing ,charge #a4jj4bej4bej4bej4bej4be ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,note4--,the weight of charges for shells will vary slightly from those given in the table according to the size of the grain and density of the powder4 #ajf4 ,all empty shell1 whether in store or in transportation1 shall be most carefully protected from dampness1 and their fuze-holes invariably closed with wooden plugs4 ,whenever these plugs are removed for the purpose of fitting the shells for service1 they are not to be thrown away1 but preserved for future use4 ,if by any accident the shell should be damp in the interior1 they are to be heated and dried1 on the grillage prepared for that purpose4 #ajg4 ,the number of shell to be kept fitted at the ,navy ,yards will be determined by special directions from the ,bureau4 ,in fitting shell to receive the bouching1 great carelessness has been observed4 ,the hole should be tapped with a full thread1 and the proper shoulder left at the bottom to prevent the bouching from being driven in by the shock of firing and causing premature explosion4 #ajh4 ,all shell shall be filled with musket-powder of the highest initial velocity4 ,the shell must be filled1 and the powder well shaken down1 leaving only room for the insertion of the fuze4 ,a wooden plug the size of the lower part of the fuze will always determine this4 ,the very common1 but slovenly1 practice of filling the shell1 and then pouring out a quantity sufficient to allow the fuze to be inserted1 is expressly prohibited4 ,shell have also been returned with the powder in the vicinity of the fuze compressed into a solid mass1 owing to the fact that sufficient room had not been left for its insertion4 ,no shell shall be fuzed unless it has been filled4 #aji4 ,the date when shell are fuzed or filled1 as well as that on which any of these arrangements are changed1 or the shell are examined before issue to vessels1 together with the initials of the officer superintending these operations1 should be legibly written and pasted on the shell1 or stencilled on the box4 #aaj4 ,the ,ordnance ,officer1 or the ,gunner of the ,yard1 is to see the shell supplied to all vessels properly conveyed on board1 superintend the stowage1 and furnish the ,commanding ,officer with a statement showing the number of each description of shell and fuze1 and a plan of their stowage4 #aaa4 ,the condition of the shell1 and especially of their fuzes1 is to be frequently and carefully examined into1 taking out a fuze occasionally so as to detect any injury which may arise from moisture1 and to have such as may be found damaged replaced by the spare fuzes4 ,boat shell and their spare fuzes are also to undergo a similar examination4 ,shell have been sometimes returned with their fuzes entirely destroyed by moisture66 #aab4 ,it has been found recently1 on drawing the charge of a #ab-pounder howitzer in one of the small gunboats1 that in cutting its fuze 7,bormann7 the incision had been made directly into the magazine4 ,had the gun been fired1 the explosion of the shrapnell must have occurred at the muzzle of the gun4 ,there is no doubt such errors will often account for the supposed defects of the fuze4 ,the attention of officers is therefore required to this subject2 and1 in making reports of defective ammunition1 samples should be forwarded to ,washington for examination4 ,it is of the gravest importance1 not only because it involves the failure of the shell to act properly upon the object of fire1 but may also endanger the lives of our own men4 #aac4 ,whenever it is expedient or necessary to examine the fuzes and loading of shell which have been already prepared1 great care must be observed in removing the fuze4 ,it should never be done in the shell-room4 #aad4 ,the fuze-stock may generally be safely unscrewed with the fuze-wrench1 taking care1 in the first place1 to strike the side of the shell gently with a wooden mallet1 to detach the powder from the fuze1 to work very slowly1 and not to endeavor to overcome any unusual resistance4 #aae4 ,whenever it shall be necessary to load and fuze shell on board ship--a properly secured place being first prepared1 as directed by the ,captain1 not in the shell-room and as far from the magazine as convenient--the shell1 being strapped and sabotted1 are to be examined to see that they are clean1 both inside and out1 and thoroughly dry4 ,the greatest care is to be taken to remove every particle of sand or fragment of iron from the interior4 ,the prescribed charge of powder is next to be poured into them through a proper funnel2 care is to be taken that the end of the funnel passes below the screw-thread in the tap or bouching1 to prevent any grains of powder entering it2 any grains of it which may remain sticking to the thread of the bouching are to be brushed away carefully1 and then1 after putting a light coat of lacquer for small arms1 or sperm oil1 on this thread and on that of the fuze1 the latter is to be screwed in carefully with the fuze-wrench4 ,the lacquer should be of the consistency of cream1 and when from evaporation1 it becomes too stiff1 should be thinned by adding more spirits of turpentine4 #aaf4 ,in emptying shell they are to be handled carefully and placed on a bench with a hole in it to receive and support the inverted shell4 ,a wooden vessel placed below will receive the powder4 ,the powder which has been removed from shell shall only be used for filling shell1 as it always contains a small quantity of grit1 which renders it unfit for general service4 ,should the powder have become caked1 so as not to be easily removed from the shell1 it is to be drowned and removed by washing out the shell4 ,a handful of small iron shot put in the shell will facilitate this operation4 #aag4 ,loaded shell are to be painted red and placed in boxes or bags marked with a red cross1 which boxes are to have the lengths of fuze painted on them in black4 ,shrapnel shell and the tops of their boxes shall be painted white1 with the length of fuze stencilled on them in black4 ,they are to be stowed in shell-houses prepared for that purpose4 ,loaded shell1 whether in or out of their boxes1 must be handled carefully4 ,shell-bags will be preserved1 accounted for by the ,gunner1 and returned4 #aah4 ,the greatest precaution must be taken in handling loaded shells fitted with percussion-fuzes4 ,when returned from ships they must not be taken into the shell-houses until after the fuzes shall have been removed and the shell plugged4 #aai4 ,shell-houses1 and the general condition of the shell they contain1 are to be examined as often as once a fortnight by the ,ordnance ,officer1 and every precaution taken to keep them as dry as possible4 #abj4 ,the shell for boat guns are to be stowed in the shell-houses on shore1 and shell-rooms on board of vessels1 in their proper boxes4 #aba4 ,one-fourth of the whole number of spare fuzes allowed for the great guns is to be for #e seconds of time2 one-fourth for #aj seconds2 one-fourth for #ae seconds2 one-fourth assorted of #c1 #e1 #g1 and #bj seconds4 #abb4 ,all the spherical shell1 however1 put on board ship1 filled and fitted for immediate use1 are to be provided with none other than the #e-second fuze4 ,no fuze is1 under any circumstances1 to be put in shell which are not filled4 #abc4 ,for rifled cannon the shell shall be fitted with one-half percussion1 one-half time fuze4 ,parrott's shell will have bouching1 or adapting rings for the naval time fuze4 ,the new form of adapter1 with a shoulder and washer beneath it1 shall alone be used4 #abd4 ,at ranges exceeding #a1djj yards the #aj or #ae-second fuzes1 according to such excess1 are to be substituted for the #e-second fuze1 by removing one and putting in the other2 or1 if preferred1 those fuzes may be applied to shell which are not already fitted4 ,the #e-second fuze is to be regarded as the general working fuze1 and hence the reason the filled shell are to be fitted with it1 as mentioned above4 7,see ,,table ,,of ,,ranges for proper lengths of fuze for all distances47 #abe4 ,the different kinds of fuzes shall be made up in separate packages1 distinctly marked with the kind and length of fuze1 and their use carefully explained to the ,executive ,officer and ,gunner by the ,inspector of ,ordnance4 #abf4 ,in consequence of numerous reports received from vessels in service of the inefficiency of certain fuzes1 commanders of vessels are required to observe carefully the action and result of all fuzes1 and report in detail to the ,bureau of ,ordnance whenever opportunities may occur1 particularly specifying the number and kind fired1 elevation of gun1 range1 premature explosions1 failures to explode1 and satisfactory action4 ,also1 whether the fire was direct or ricochet4 #abg4 ,,exterior ,,dimensions1 ,,in ,,inches1 ,,for ,,shell-,,boxes4 ,for ,,xv-inch shell1 #ah x #ah by #bj high4 ,for ,,xi-inch shell1 #ab4ge x #ab4ge by #ad4e high4 ,for ,x-inch shell1 #aa4fe x #aa4fe by #ac4i high4 ,for ,,ix-inch shell1 #aj4fc x #aj4fc by #ab4i high4 ,for #h-;inch shell1 #aj4bj x #aj4aj by #ab4b high4 ,for #cb-pounder shell1 #h4fj x #h4ej by #aj4b high4 #abh4 ,,areas ,,occupied ,,by ,,one ,,tier ,,of ,,shell-,,boxes4 ,,xi-,,inch4 ,x-,,inch4 ,,ix-,,inch4 #h-;,,inch4 #cb-,,pounder4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,no4,ft4 ,in4,no4,ft4 ,in4,no4,ft4 ,in4,no4,ft4 ,in4,no4,ft4 ,in4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #gb #ae4e-a_/b x #ge #ae4b x #ajb #ae4h-a_/d x #ajh #af x #f #agf #af x #f #e4h-a_/b #e4c-a_/b #e4i-a_/d #eb #ad4d x #ef #ad4b x #hj #ad4i-a_/d x #he #ae x #e #adj #ae x #e #d4f-a_/b #d4a-a_/b #d4i-a_/b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,gunpowder4 ,,stowage1 ,,preservation1 ,,handling1 ,,and ,,charges4 #abi4 ,the ,bureau having adopted a new system of granulating ,navy powder1 the different classes will in future be known and designated as ,,rifle1 ,,cannon1 and ,,musket4 ,gunpowder intended for ordinary use in cannon is to have sufficient strength to give a #f-pounder shot the under-mentioned ,initial ,velocities1 determinable by the gun-pendulum of the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington4 #acj4 ,the size of the grains is determined by sieves1 made by piercing round holes in thin plates of brass4 ,these sieves are five in number1 the holes being of the following diameters1 viz43 ,no4 #a1 4#c of an inch ,initial ,velocity required1 ,no4 #b1 4#ae do4 #adej feet #ej - #ej1 for ,rifle4 ,no4 #b1 4#ae do4 ,initial ,velocity required1 ,no4 #c1 4#aj do4 #aejj feet #ej - #ej1 for ,cannon4 ,no4 #d1 4#jf do4 ,initial ,velocity required1 ,no4 #e1 4#jb do4 #aeej feet #ej - #ej1 for ,musket4 ,rifle powder is used in the ,parrott rifles of #h-;inch1 #ajj-pounder1 and #fj-pounder4 ,navy cannon powder in all other rifles and all smooth-bores4 #aca4 ,size of the grain is required to conform to the following3 ,pass through ,no4 #a ,remain on ,no4 #b all ,rifle4 ,pass through ,no4 #b ,remain on ,no4 #c all ,cannon4 ,pass through ,no4 #d ,remain on ,no4 #e all ,musket4 ,ten per cent4 variation tolerated4 #acb4 ,,gravimetric ,,density1 is the weight of a given measured quantity3 it is usually expressed by the weight of a cubic foot in ounces4 ,this cannot be relied on for the true density1 as the size and shape of the grain may make the denser powder seem the lighter4 ,cannon powder should have a gravimetric density of about #hge oz41 and not exceeding #ijj oz41 to the cubic foot4 7,it actually varies with different makers from #hge to #ige47 #acc4 ,,specific ,,gravity4--,the specific gravity of gunpowder is between #a4gj and #a4ge4 ,all the powder of any lot being made of the same mill-cake1 the specific gravities are equal although the gravimetric densities may vary4 #acd4 ,powder for small arms1 or musket powder1 should all pass through ,no4 #d1 none through ,no4 #e1 and average from #b1jjj to #b1ejj kernels in tea grains ,troy4 ,all powder should be well glazed2 for small arms more highly than for cannon4 #ace4 ,the system of granulation adopted by the ,army differs from that of the ,navy1 as follows3 ,,all ,,through-- ,,all ,,on-- ,mammoth #j4i in4 #j4f in4 ,cannon #j4ce #j4be ,mortar #j4aj #j4jf ,musket #j4jf #j4jc ,it will be seen by this ,table that under the ,army nomenclature1 ,navy ,rifle nearly corresponds to ,army ,cannon2 that the ,army ,mortar is the nearest equivalent to ,navy ,cannon1 but with much more fine grain1 as it is what passes through the cannon-sieve1 but remains on the musket-sieve2 and that the ,navy ,musket has the same size for the larger grain1 but contains more small grain than the ,army4 ,in exchanging powder with the ,army1 it is necessary to attend to these distinctions4 #acf4 ,powder-houses or magazines on shore are to be inspected by the ,ordnance ,officers at least once in every week1 and every precaution taken to guard them against danger of explosion1 and to preserve the powder dry and in good condition4 #acg4 ,powder-barrels in magazines1 where there are no racks1 should be placed on their sides1 with their marked ends towards the alleys1 three tiers high1 or four tiers1 if necessary1 with small skids on the floor and between the several tiers of barrels1 using chocks at intervals on the lower skids to prevent the barrels from rolling4 ,if it can be avoided1 fixed ammunition should not be put in the same magazine with powder in barrels4 #ach4 ,if it is necessary to pile the barrels more than four tiers high1 the upper tiers should be supported by a frame resting on the floor2 or the barrels may be placed on their heads1 with boards between the tiers4 ,there should be an unencumbered space of #f or #h feet square at the doors of the magazine4 #aci4 ,whenever practicable1 the barrels should be arranged in double rows1 with a passage-way between the rows1 so that the marks on each barrel may be seen at a glance1 and any barrel easily reached4 #adj4 ,besides being recorded in the magazine-book1 each lot of powder should be inscribed on a ticket attached to the lot showing the entries and the issues4 #ada4 ,magazines should be opened and aired in clear1 dry weather1 the ventilators kept free1 and no shrubbery or trees allowed to grow so near as to shade the building from the sun4 #adb4 ,the moisture of a magazine may be absorbed by chloride of lime1 or charcoal1 suspended in an open box under the arch1 and renewed from time to time4 ,the use of quicklime is dangerous1 and forbidden4 #adc4 ,when powder is handled in powder-houses on shore1 either for the purpose of inspection or preparation for delivery to ships1 the baize-cloth is to be spread1 and the people1 before entering the magazine1 must divest themselves of every metal implement1 empty their pockets1 that nothing likely to produce fire may escape detection1 and put on the magazine dresses and slippers4 ,the barrels must be opened only on the floor-cloth1 and no metallic setter used in driving either copper or wooden hoops4 ,powder-barrels should never be opened except when required for use1 as grains of powder falling between the staves would prevent their being tightened4 ,samples must be taken from the bung4 #add4 ,the attention of the ,inspectors of ,ordnance and ,commanders of vessels is called to the ,regulations regarding the stowage and service of powder and loaded shells in ,magazines and ,shell-rooms1 ashore and afloat1 and to the precautions which must be observed by every one who enters1 or approaches for the purpose of entering1 any ,magazine or ,shell-room4 ,the former ,regulations are modified so far as to dispense entirely with the use of slippers made of either ,india-rubber or woollen2 and in lieu thereof1 slippers made wholly of buckskin or cotton canvas will be used in future4 ,in hot climates1 or in warm weather generally1 the naked feet are preferred4 ,the terrible effect of the explosion of a ,magazine or ,shell-room1 ashore or on board ship1 can only be imagined4 ,to avert it1 by every human precaution1 is an imperative duty with every one4 ,the ,bureau therefore directs that the ,inspectors of ,ordnance on shore and the ,commanders of all vessels afloat will cause the existing ,powder ,regulations to be read1 and copies placed within the reach of every officer and man connected in the remotest degree with the service of the ,magazine and ,shell-rooms2 and no officer or other person is to be continued in such service who cannot within a reasonable time answer clearly and fully any questions relating to the requirements of existing ,powder ,regulations as contained in these ,ordnance ,instructions4 #ade4 ,the powder in barrels should be turned from time to time1 at least as often as every three months1 and1 being arranged as mentioned above1 the oldest powder will be at all times accessible for first delivery without disturbing that of more recent manufacture4 #adf4 ,when powder is sent on board any vessel at the ,yard1 an ,ordnance ,officer or the ,gunner is to see it properly stowed1 and the ,ordnance ,officer is to hand to the ,captain of the vessel a statement showing the quantity of powder1 number and capacity of tanks1 kind of charges contained in each1 with the initial velocity1 maker1 and date of reception1 with a list of small-arm and boat ammunition1 fireworks1 filled and other shells and projectiles1 together with all the information directed by the three articles immediately following1 with such remarks as he may deem proper to secure better precaution or more convenient arrangement1 with a request that the memorandum1 or a copy of it1 may be delivered to the ,ordnance ,officer at the ,yard where the vessel is refitted or laid up at the end of the cruise4 #adg4 ,when cartridges are filled for issue to any vessel1 the powder should be selected1 as far as practicable1 from deliveries made by the same person1 and at the same time or date2 and the tanks in which they are stowed must be marked with white paint on the upper sides1 with the same marks as the barrels from which the powder was taken1 giving the date of manufacture and the maker's name4 #adh4 ,great irregularities having been observed in the weights of cartridges supplied from different stations1 it is ordered that at least ten measures shall be weighed at each filling1 and allowance made for different densities4 7,see ,art4 #aga47 #adi4 ,whenever powder is returned into the powder-houses from vessels1 and the powder emptied from the cartridges1 care must be taken to have the barrels or other vessels in which the powder may be placed marked in the same manner and registered in the ,magazine ,ledger1 so that the maker's name and date of manufacture of all powder may be correctly known and carefully preserved for reference4 #aej4 ,the names of vessels from which powder is received1 the length of time which the powder has been on board1 and the station on which the vessel has been employed1 should also be noted and reported by the ,ordnance ,officer1 that reference may be had to the notes in case it should be desired in subsequent examinations of the powder4 #aea4 ,in some instances where powder has been condemned by survey1 it has been directed to be thrown overboard4 ,this should never be done2 the nitre contained1 which forms three-fourths 7#c_/d7 of the powder1 is still perfectly good1 and can be made serviceable4 ,in future1 condemned powder is always to be returned to the ,united ,states4 #aeb4 ,the ,ordnance ,officers1 when they supply vessels with powder1 or remove any from them1 must report to the ,bureau by the earliest opportunity all the information which is required to be noted by ,articles #adg1 #adi1 #aej1 immediately preceding2 and when powder is received from vessels returning from cruises1 or after it has been long embarked1 they are to forward to the ,ordnance ,yard1 ,washington1 a sample of two pounds and one-fourth1 properly labelled1 for every five hundred pounds landed1 selected so as to show fair average samples of the whole1 in order that its strength may be ascertained by the pendulum4 #aec4 ,in case of necessity1 powder for saluting may be purchased abroad in order to preserve a supply of our own proof powder for battle4 #aed4 ,when a vessel is about to leave a foreign station and return directly to the ,united ,states1 and other vessels belonging to the ,navy are left on the station without a full supply of powder1 the vessel which is about to leave may be directed to transfer to those remaining on the station any excess of powder that may be on board beyond fifty rounds4 #aee4 ,should it become necessary to use powder for service charges which has not been regularly inspected and proved in the manner required by regulations1 such tests of it must be made as circumstances will admit4 ,the ranges given by it may be compared with those of service powder of known good quality under the same circumstances4 ,if deficient in strength1 the quantity of the charges should be increased until the ranges are equalized1 in order that the sight-bars may still indicate the proper elevations for each charge and distance4 #aef4 ,it is directed that vessels of war shall always receive their powder and loaded shells in the stream2 unless1 upon some great emergency1 the nature of which shall be reported to the ,bureau1 it is deemed essential to put them on board at the ,navy ,yard4 #aeg4 ,when receiving or landing powder1 the red flag is to be always hoisted at the fore1 and all proper precautions taken to guard against accidents from fires and lights4 ,the tanks should be passed through the ports most convenient to the magazines1 and landed on mats1 to prevent injury4 ,the red flag is always to be hoisted at the powder-houses when they are opened1 and kept flying until they are closed4 #aeh4 ,when avoidable1 gunpowder is not to be sent from vessels to powder-houses1 nor from powder-houses to vessels1 in wet weather1 nor when there is a probability of wetting the barrels or cases2 and the packages must be conveyed in covered boats or wagons showing a red flag4 #aei4 ,the wharf or landing-place must be spread with old canvas1 so that the barrels or cases may not come in contact with and convey sand or gravel to the powder-house4 ,the barrels must not be rolled1 but carried in slings to the trucks running on tramways of either wood or bronze1 into the magazine4 #afj4 ,the service charges for the different calibres and classes of naval smooth-bore guns now used in the ,navy are as follows1 and the cartridges are to be filled accordingly1 viz43 ,,service ,,charges ,,for ,,naval ,,guns4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,for distant firing1 #j4a ,b3 ,for ordinary firing1 #j4f ,c3 ,for near firing or two projectiles1 #j4c ,d3 ,,diameter ,,of ,,cartridge-,,gauge4 ,e3 ,,saluting ,,charges1 ,,no4 #ej4 ,,charges ,,of ,,navy ,,ordnance4 ,,powder4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,d ,e ,calibre4 ,weight4 ,a ,b ,c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 ,cylindrical4 lbs4 ,x-inch or #acj-pounder #af1jjj lbs4 #cj4 #ah4 #ae4 #i4jj inches4 #f4 #fd-pounder #ajf cwt4 #af4 #ab4 #h4 #g4jj inches4 #d4 #cb-pounder #fa cwt4 #aj4 #h4 #f4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #eg cwt4 #i4 #h4 #f4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #ea cwt4 #h4 #g4 #e4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #df cwt4 #g #g4 #e4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #db cwt4 #f4 #f4 #d4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #cc cwt4 #d4e #d4e #d4 #e4ej inches4 #d4 #cb do4 #bg cwt4 #d4 #d4 #c4 #e4ej inches4 #c4 ,shell-guns ,for ,conical4 near firing4 ,,xv-inch #db1jjj lbs4 #ej4 #ce4 #ce4 ,,xi-inch #ae1gjj lbs4 #bj4 #ae4 #ae4 #aa x #e4e x #aa #g4 ,x-inch #ab1jjj lbs4 #ae4 #ab4e #ab4e #aj x #e4 x #aj #f4 ,,ix-inch #i1jjj lbs4 #ac4 #aj4 #aj4 #i x #d4e x #i #e4 #h-;inch #f1ejj lbs4 #g4 #g4 #g4 #h x #e4 x #h #d4 #cb-pounder #d1ejj lbs4 #f4 #f4 #f4 ,cylindrical4 #h-;inch #fc cwt4 #i4 #h4 #f4 #e4ej #d4 #h-;inch #ee cwt4 #g4 #g4 #f4 #e4ej #d4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,n4,b4--,two projectiles are not to be fired from any gun at the same time1 except at objects within #bjj yards' distance1 and only when the advantages at the moment may be deemed by the ,captain sufficient to justify the risk of injuring the guns and their equipments by the extra strain to which they will be exposed4 ,with the #ae-;inch guns at close quarters against iron-clads1 #fj lbs4 and a solid shot may be used for #bj rounds4 ,so also with the #aa-;inch1 #cj lbs4 and a solid shot4 ,with all the other guns1 under like circumstances1 and where penetration is desired1 the distant firing charges should be substituted for the near firing4 ,of the service charges1 one-tenth shall be for distant firing1 six-tenths for ordinary firing1 three-tenths for near firing1 or for two projectiles4 ,saluting charges to be of under-proof powder4 ,the calibre and class of guns for which the cartridges are intended must be distinctly marked near the top of the lid end of the tanks4 #afa4 ,,table ,,of ,,charges ,,for ,,navy ,,rifle ,,guns4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ordnance4 ,,charge ,,of ,,powder4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,gun4 ,diameter of ,calibre4 ,diameter ,weight4 ,weight4 ,kind4 ,cartridge- of ,bore4 ,gauge4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,pounder4 ,inches4 ,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,inches4 ,parrott #ajj #f4dj #i1gjj #h4 ,rifle4 #e4ej ,do4 #fj #e4cj #e1djj #f4 ,rifle4 #d4fj ,do4 #cj #d4bj #c1eej #c4be ,cannon4 #c4gj ,do4 #bj #c4fg #a1gej #b4 ,cannon4 #c4be ,dahlgren #bj #d4jj #a1cdj #b4 ,cannon4 ,do4 #ab #c4dj #hhj #a4 ,cannon4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #afb4 ,,powder-,,tanks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,exterior ,,dimensions4 --------------------------- ,,capacity ,,of ,height ,,approximate ,,tank ,,for in inches ,,weight1 ,,when ,,weight1 ,,when ,,powder ,,in including ,,empty4 ,,filled ,,with ,,grain4 ,lid and ,sides in inches4 ,,cylinders4 ,handle4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #bjj pounds #bb-a_/d #af-a_/b x #af-a_/b #fg-a_/b pounds4 #bah ,pounds4 #aej pounds #bb-a_/h #ae x #ae #ei-a_/b pounds4 #agj to #ahj lbs4 #ajj pounds #bj-a_/b #ac x #ac #ej pounds #af-c_/d #aj-a_/d x #aj-a_/d ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #afc4 ,,accommodation ,,afforded ,,by ,,powder-,,tanks ,,of ,,different ,,sizes ,,for ,,cartridges ,,of ,,various ,,kinds ,,when ,,closely ,,packed4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,capacity ,,of ,,tank ,,for ,,powder ,,will ,,stow ,,cartridges ,,as ,,follows3 ,,in ,,grain4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,denomination4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 #bj #af #ae #ab4e #aj #i #h #g #f ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #bjj pounds4 #i #aa #ab #ad #ah #bj #bb #be #cj #aej pounds4 #f #h #i #aj #ac #ae #af #bj #bd #ajj pounds4 #d #e #f #g #i #aj #aa #ac #af #ej pounds4 #b #b #b #c #d #d #e #f #g ,powder-barrel4 #d #f #g #h #aj #aa #ab #ad #ae ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,capacity ,,of ,,tank ,,for ,,powder ,,will ,,stow ,,cartridges ,,as ,,follows3 ,,in ,,grain4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,denomination4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 #e #d4e #d #c4be #c #b #a4he #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #bjj pounds4 #cf #dj #de #eb #fj #ie #ajj #aij #aej pounds4 #bg #cj #cf #dj #de #ga #gb #ade #ajj pounds4 #ah #bj #bd #bg #ca #df #dh #ie #ej pounds4 #i #aj #aa #ac #ae #ba #bc #df ,powder-barrel4 -- -- #bf -- #ce #eb #ee #ajh ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,fixed ,,ammunition ,,for ,,boat ,,guns ,,and ,,small ,,arms4 #afd4 ,the charges for boat and field howitzers are-- lbs4 ,for the #bd-pounder of #a1caj lbs4 #b4jj ,for the medium #ab-pounder of #gfj lbs4 #a4jj ,for the light #ab-pounder of #dcj lbs4 #j4fbe #afe4 ,,dimensions ,,of ,,boxes ,,for ,,boat ,,ammunition4 ,,projectiles ,,with ,,charge ,,of ,,powder ,,for ,,howitzer ,,attached1 ,,not ,,to ,,be ,,stowed ,,in ,,the ,,magazine4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,calibre ,,kind ,,of ,,number ,,of ,,dimension ,,of ,,weight1 ,,in ,,of ,,boat ,,projectile4,,projectiles ,,boxes1 ,,in ,,pounds4 ,,howitzer4 ,,box ,,inches4 -------------- ,,contains4 ,empty4,filled4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #bd-,pdr4 ,shrapnel #i #bb x #bj4ge by #ac4ge high #ce-a_/cbgj-a_/b #bd-,pdr4 ,canister #i #bb x #bj4ge by #ac4ej high #cf-a_/cbag-e_/f #ab-pdr4 heavy ,shrapnel #i #ah4ge x #ag4ge by #aa4ac high #bb-g_/hadj-a_/b #ab-pdr4 heavy ,canister #i #ah4ge x #ag4ge by #ab4be high #be-a_/baad-c_/d ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #aff4 ,the cartridges for small arms are to contain the following quantities of powder3 ,for muskets #gj grains1 ,troy4 ,for muskets 7marine7 #fj grains1 ,troy4 ,for pistols #cj grains1 ,troy4 ,for revolvers #ah grains1 ,troy4 ,the ball-cartridges for rifles and rifled muskets are to be made with a single ,minie ball4 #afg4 ,,exterior ,,dimensions ,,and ,,contents ,,of ,,boxes ,,for ,,small-,,arm ,,ammunition ,,and ,,fireworks4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,exterior ,,dimensions4 ,,articles4 ------------------------ ,,each ,,box ,,remarks4 ,length4 ,width4 ,depth4 ,,contains ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,inches4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,musket-ball cartridges #ab-a_/b #h-a_/d #h-a_/d #ejj ,musket blank cartridges #i-e_/h #g-c_/d #h-a_/b #ejj ,carbine rifle-ball cartridges #ad-a_/b #i-a_/d #g-c_/h #ajjj ,pistol-ball cartridges #ac-c_/d #f-c_/d #g-a_/d #ajjj ,blue-lights #bj-a_/b #ac #f-g_/h #cj ,false lights #bj-a_/b #ac #f-g_/h #cj ,port-fires #ai-c_/d #aj-a_/d #aj-a_/d #ajj ,first size4 ,port-fires #ai-c_/d #aj-a_/d #f-a_/d #ej ,second size4 ,signal rockets #ae-a_/d #i-a_/b #h-a_/d #cj ,percussion-caps #aa-c_/d #i-a_/d #g-c_/h #fcjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,n4,b4--,there is a variation in the dimensions of the above boxes1 as made1 of #a_/c of an inch1 on an average1 in their exteriors4 #afh4 ,percussion-caps and bullets for small arms will be supplied from the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington4 #afi4 ,the boxes in which cartridges for small arms1 caps1 primers1 etc41 are packed for distribution to vessels1 are to be marked with the number they contain1 and the kind of arm for which they are intended4 ,at the expiration of the cruise they must be carefully returned into store1 and the ,gunner will be held peculiarly responsible for their loss4 #agj4 ,standard powder-measures for filling cartridges for great guns will be made at the ,ordnance ,yard1 ,washington1 and distributed as they may be required for the use of vessels and shore magazines4 ,as the gravimetric density of powder varies from #hfj to #idj1 the weight of the contents of ten measures should be ascertained for each lot1 and allowance made accordingly before filling the cartridges4 #aga4 ,in taking the weights1 the powder is to be scooped up from the filling-chest with the measure until it is heaped1 tapped twice moderately on the sides with the palms of the hands1 and then struck with a wooden straight-edge4 ,if the weight differs materially from that marked on the measure1 a small compensating measure should be used to supply the deficiency or remove the excess4 ,,cannon-,,primers4 #agb4 ,these are of two kinds1 percussion and friction4 ,each percussion-primer is composed of a quill tube capped by an explosive wafer4 ,the quills used for this purpose are first inspected by passing them through a gauge rather smaller than the vent4 ,the tube is filled with fine-grained powder4 ,the wafer is composed of a cap of cartridge-paper1 enclosing a layer of fulminate of mercury combined with a small quantity of mealed powder4 ,when pressed and perfectly dry1 the wafer is coated with uncolored shellac1 to preserve it from dampness4 #agc4 ,primers are to be kept in tin boxes containing fifty each1 the lids of which are luted with shellac to exclude moisture until wanted for immediate use4 ,these boxes are intended to fit in and form a lining to the primer-boxes which slip on the waist-belts worn by ,captains of guns4 ,for purposes of exercise no more of these boxes should be opened than are required2 but for action a full box should be delivered to each ,captain and #b;d ,captain of a gun4 #agd4 ,a friction-primer consists of a tube charged with gunpowder1 to the top of which is fastened a spur containing friction-powder1 which is exploded by means of a slider pulled out by a lanyard4 ,it is intended for use in case the lock should be out of order1 or the other primers fail from any unforeseen cause4 ,friction-primers are packed in tin boxes in the same manner as percussion-primers4 ,they are obtained from the ,army as required4 #age4 ,filled boxes of primers are kept in close laboratory cases1 for which stowage must be provided in the general store-room of the ship1 or other safe place4#a ,they are on no account to be placed in the magazine1 and the boxes must be so labelled before being put on board ship4 #agf4 ,when primers have been returned from cruising ships1 or have remained in store for one or more years1 they must be tested by firing five per cent4 of the number1 and not issued again without special orders4 #agg4 ,damaged fuzes1 primers1 caps1 and tubes1 are always to be returned to the ,ordnance ,yard at ,washington1 in the condition in which they were received on the return of the ship4 #agh4 ,the boxes containing metallic cartridges for breech-loading arms require the same care as percussion-caps1 and are to be labelled1 ,on no account to be placed in the magazine4 #agi4 ,,percussion-,,caps for muskets1 carbines1 and pistols are made in the laboratory at the ,washington ,navy ,yard4 ,they are put up in small packages of water-proof paper1 labelled with the number contained in the package and the date of fabrication1 and stowed in tin cases containing #cej caps each4 #ahj4 ,laboratory boxes1 in which these are packed1 are of the following dimensions3 #aa-c_/d x #i-a_/d x #g-c_/h inches1 and will contain #f1cjj percussion-caps each4 ,these boxes are to be labelled1 ,on no account to be placed in the magazine4 ,stowage is provided for them in the general store-room4 ,,cartridge-,,bags4 #aha4 ,the material of which cartridge-bags are made is woven expressly for the purpose1 and furnished by the ,bureau of ,ordnance as required4 ,the color is white1 and the calibre of the gun and the weight of the charge must be stencilled on the bag in figures two and a half 7#b-a_/b7 inches long4 ,when procured of necessity elsewhere1 the stuff should be chosen of wool1 entirely free from any mixture of thread or cotton1 and of sufficiently close texture to prevent the finer particles of powder from sifting through4 ,wildbore1 rattinet1 merino1 and bombazette are named as proper materials for cartridge-bags2 of these the thinnest stuff1 not twilled1 but having the requisite strength and closeness of texture1 is the best4 #ahb4 ,,making ,,cartridge-,,bags4--,cartridge-bags for cylindrical chambers are made of a rectangle to form the cylinder1 and a circular piece to form the bottom4 ,the flat patterns1 by which the cartridge-bags for the #h-;inch and #cb-pounder guns are cut1 are1 consequently1 to be made rectangular for the cylindrical part of the bag1 and circular for the bottom4 ,the length of the rectangle is equal to the development of the cylinder1 together with the allowance for seam2 and its width1 to the whole length of the bag before sewing1 including the allowance for seam and tie4 ,special patterns are furnished for those of ,,xv-in41 ,,xi-in41 ,x-in41 ,,ix-in41 #h-;inch of #f1ejj lbs41 and #cb-pounder of #d1ejj lbs4 shell-guns1 all of which have gomer chambers4 #ahc4 ,,dimensions ,,of ,,flat ,,patterns ,,for ,,cutting ,,out ,,cartridge-,,bags4 ,,to ,,be ,,made ,,of ,,pine ,,for ,,the #h-;,,inch ,,and #cb-,,pdr4 ,,guns1 ,,and ,,of ,,metal ,,plates ,,for ,,the ,,gomer ,,chambers ,,of ,,other ,,guns4#b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aj-;,,inch1 #fd-,,pdr4 ,,gun ,,dimensions4 ,,or ,,of #ajf ,,cwt4 #acj-,,pounder4 #h-;,,in4 ,,rifle4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,charges lbs4 #cj #ah #ae #af #ab #h ,width of rectangle 7length of bag cut71 including tie and four-tenths of an inch for seam4 in4 #bj #ae4b #ad #ah4g #ae4g #ab4g ---------------------------- ,inches4 ,inches4 ,length of rectangle 7cylinder developed71 including eight-tenths of an inch for seam4 #bi4ja #bc4hj ,radius of circular pattern of bottom1 including four-tenths of an inch for seam4 #d4i #c4fj ,diameters of cylindrical formers for inspection of cartridge-bags4 #i4jj #g4jj ,additional length for one pound of powder4 #j4dj #j4hj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- #ajj-,,pounder ,,rifle1 #cb-,,pounder ,,gun1 ,,dimensions4 ,,and #h-;,,inch ,,shell-,,guns1 ,,having ,,chambers ,,of #cb-,,pounder ,,calibre4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,charges lbs4 #aj #i #h #g #f #e #d4e #d #c ,width of rectangle 7length of bag cut71 including tie and four-tenths of an inch for seam4 in4#af4fad4fah4jab4faa4faj4faj4a #i4fh4f ---------------------------------------- - ,inches4 ,length of rectangle 7cylinder developed71 including eight-tenths of an inch for seam4 #ah4aj ,radius of circular pattern of bottom1 including four-tenths of an inch for seam4 #b4ie ,diameters of cylindrical formers for inspection of cartridge-bags4 #e4ej ,additional length for one pound of powder4 #a4bb ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- #ahd4 ,,details ,,of ,,cartridge-,,bags4 ,,shell-,,guns ,,with ,,conical ,,chambers4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,calibre ,,of ,,gun4 ,,xv-,,in4 ,,xi-,,in4 ,x-,,in4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,charge of powder4 lbs4 #ce4 #ej4 #fj4 #bj4 #ae4 #ae4 #ab4e ,diameter of cartridge4 large end4 #ac4e #ac4eac4e #i4he #i4he #i4 #i4 small end4 - - - #e4ej #e4ej #e4 #e4 ,width of stuff required to cut bag4 in4 #bd4 #bh4 #cj4 #bb4 #bj4 #bj4 #bj4 ,whole length of bag cut1 including tie and seam4 #ba4e #be4ebg4e #aj4 #ag4e #ah4eag4ge ,length of filled cartridge4 in4 #ab4 #ae4eah4 #ab4 #aj4e #aj4 #i4 ,additional length for one pound of powder4 in4 ,quantity of stuff required to cut one hundred bags4 yds4#abb4 #abb4 #abb4 #ib4 #ib4 #hf4 #hf4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #h-;,,in4 ,,of #cb-,,pr4 ,,of ,,calibre ,,of ,,gun4 ,,ix-,,in4 #fejj4 #dejj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,charge of powder4 lbs4 #ac4 #aj4 #g4 #f4 ,diameter of cartridge4 large end4 #h4ac #h4ac #g4be #f4 small end4 #d4ej #d4ej #d4 #h4e ,width of stuff required to cut bag4 in4 #ah4 #ah4 #bd4 #bb4 ,whole length of bag cut1 including tie and seam4 #af4e #ae4e #ab4j #aa4j ,length of filled cartridge4 in4 #aa4e #aj4e #g4e #i4e ,additional length for one pound of powder4 in4 ,quantity of stuff required to cut one hundred bags4 yds4 #gh4 #gh4 #cj4 #cj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,in cutting1 the length of the rectangle should be taken in the direction of the length of the stuff1 as it does not stretch in that direction1 and the material should be chosen1 as nearly as possible1 of the width required for the length of the bags1 to save waste in cutting4 ,the bags are to be sewed with worsted yarn1 with not less than eight stitches to an inch2 they must be stitched within four-tenths of an inch of each edge1 and the two edges of the seam felled down upon the same side1 to prevent the powder from sifting through4 ,the edges of the bottom are felled down upon the sides4 ,the bags1 when filled1 must be tied with woollen thrums4 #ahe4 ,,cartridge-,,bags ,,for ,,saluting ,,charges4--,old cartridge-bags which have been condemned for service charges are to be repaired and used for saluting charges2 and whenever it is necessary to make bags expressly for the purpose1 or for immediate use1 they may be formed by sewing together two rectangular pieces with semicircular ends4 #ahf4 ,,inspection4--,the material especially procured for cartridge-bags is to be carefully inspected to detect any mixture of cotton with the wool1 by burning a few bits taken at hazard from each piece2 or1 by dissolving it in a solution of #a ounce of caustic potassa in a pint of water--the cloth to be put in when the water is boiling1 which is to continue until dissolution takes place4 ,the texture of the stuff is also to be examined and its strength tried1 such standard for the latter being established as may be found sufficient to insure perfect efficiency4 ,after being made up1 the empty bags are to be inspected1 and those which are sewed with too long stitches1 or in any other than the prescribed manner1 must be rejected4 ,the dimensions of each bag are to be verified1 first by laying it flattened out1 between two marks on a table showing the width of a pattern bag4 ,a variation of #j4a inch greater or less is allowed4 ,the bags are also to be tried on mandrels1 or formers1 made according to the dimensions given on the preceding page4 #ahg4 ,,preservation ,,from ,,moths4--,serge or any other woollen material employed for making cartridge-bags is never to be exposed on the shelves in store1 either in the piece or when made up4 ,it is to be protected by packing with the hydraulic press1 by sewing it up in linen cloth1 or by enveloping it in water-proof paper1 hermetically sealed4 ,an infusion of coloquintida1 in the proportion of #ae-a_/b grains ,troy to a quart of water1 is said to be a good preservative against moths4 ,in case of using this preparation1 the cartridge-bags should be steeped in the infusion1 and1 after being thoroughly dried1 may be packed by the hydraulic press1 and headed up in old whiskey barrels1 if stored on shore1 or packed in empty tanks1 if on board ship4 ,cartridge-bags1 as well as the material for making them1 must be frequently examined1 to prevent their being damaged by moisture1 as well as to guard against moths4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,primers and percussion-caps should be divided into two or three lots1 and stowed in different parts of the ship1 so that an accidental explosion would not deprive the ship of the means of firing cannon and small arms4 #b ,the dimensions of those for the ,,xv1 ,,ix1 ,x1 and ,,xi inch guns1 which have ,corner chambers1 and cannot be conveniently tabulated1 will be furnished to all vessels mounting such guns4 ,the formers for inspection of bags will have the forms and dimensions of the ,gomer chambers less #j4hg inch for the ,,ix-inch1 #a4j inch for the ,x-inch1 #a4ae inch for the ,,xi-inch1 and #a4ej inch for ,,xv-inch guns1 for windage at the large end1 in accordance with the flat patterns furnished for cutting4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,magazines ,,and ,,shell-,,rooms4 ,,construction1 ,,lighting1 ,,stowing1 ,,and ,,flooding4 #ahh4 ,no details of internal arrangement should be more carefully considered and executed than those relating to the stowage and delivery of powder1 since a defect in these particulars1 apparently insignificant1 may lead to the instantaneous destruction of the ship2 or1 with the incendiary and explosive projectiles now used1 to her becoming1 comparatively1 an easy prey to an antagonist4 ,every possible precaution1 therefore1 is to be taken to accommodate the full allowance of powder completely2 to guard it to the utmost against injury and accidental explosion2 and to deliver it at the magazine1 as required1 with facility and certainty4 ,to these ends1 and in view of the fact that all the powder for great guns is now put up in cubical copper tanks1 made water-tight1 ,,the ,,form ,,of ,,magazines should be as nearly rectangular as the shape of the vessel will admit1 and they should be built strong enough to resist sufficiently the effect of her working in heavy weather1 and also the pressure of water they will have to sustain in case of being flooded4 #ahi4 ,all magazines should have a light-box for each alley at one end1 and a passage to deliver powder at the other2 and the magazine and its passage1 considered as one1 must be made perfectly water-tight by caulking the bottom and sides1 and then lining them internally1 first with white pine boards1 tongued and grooved1 and again with sheets of lead of extra thickness1 soldered together1 over these boards4 ,both these linings are to extend entirely over the bottom or floor1 and all the way up to the crown on all the sides4 #aij4 ,when the magazine reaches the ceiling of the ship it must be battened off two inches2 the lining of the floor must be battened up one1 and also the magazine-deck1 so that water leaking through the sides of the vessel may run by and under1 and not into the magazine4 ,an external lining of sheet-iron must also be resorted to as a protection against fire1 and to prevent the intrusion of rats4 #aia4 ,a magazine aft in a ship is to have its passage for delivering powder adjoining its forward part2 and one forward in a ship is to have this passage adjoining its after part1 in order that it may not be necessary to pass the powder over the light-box scuttle4 #aib4 ,as many doors are to be cut in the bulkhead separating this passage from the magazine-room as there are alleys to be left in the latter1 between the racks or shelves on which the tanks are stowed1 and these doors must correspond with those alleys4 ,they are not only to afford a means of entrance to the magazine1 but also for passing the tanks in and out4 ,through the upper part of each door a small scuttle is to be cut1--two1 if necessary1--for the purpose of passing the cartridges out of the magazine-room with the door itself closed2 and it is to have a lid so arranged as to open outwards only1 and to close of itself when the scuttle is not actually in use4 #aic4 ,sailing ships-of-the-line and frigates should have two alleys for each magazine4 ,in screw-vessels of large class1 where the shaft will interfere with this arrangement1 two alleys for the forward magazine4 ,in smaller vessels one alley will suffice4 ,in all cases the alley is to be not less than two feet and ten inches in breadth1 and it ought to be more1 if practicable1 to prevent confusion and delay4 ,each alley is to be illuminated by a separate light4 ,if there is room in the magazine1 there should be space left1 at the end nearest the light1 for a man to pass from one alley to the other without going into the passage4 #aid4 ,ships with two magazines--one forward and the other aft--are to have them as nearly equal1 in point of capacity1 as the shape of the vessel and other circumstances will admit4 ,magazines should be constructed as low down as possible4 ,their floors may rest on the keelson1 but should not come below it4 ,their height should be equal1 only1 to an exact number of times the height of a powder-tank when lying on its side1 in addition to the thickness of the shelving4 ,an additional inch for each shelf should be allowed for play or spring4 ,the whole height in the clear should be limited by the condition that a man standing on the floor may reach the upper tier of tanks with ease4 ,four tiers of #bjj-lb4 tanks1 three of them resting on shelves two inches thick1 and the other on inch battens on the magazine-floor1 will1 with an allowance of one and a half inch for play and spring1 require a height1 in the clear1 of six feet two inches4 ,both safety and convenience would suggest this as the maximum limit in height1 even for the largest magazine4 ,three tiers of these tanks will require a height1 in the clear1 of about four feet eight inches4 ,if1 however1 in ships of great draught of water1 it should be found practicable to extend the height of a magazine so as to accommodate five tiers of tanks1 then the lower or ground tier may be laid so as to occupy the whole of the magazine-floor2 and on the top of this tier1 in the alley-way1 a light false bottom is to be placed for the men to stand upon to enable them to reach the upper tier1 which is the one that should first be exhausted4 ,this false bottom should be made of gratings1 and in sections convenient for speedy removal4 #aie4 ,when it is impossible to avoid extending the sides of the magazine so far out towards the skin of the ship as to leave only an air-passage on either side1 the crown should be at least six feet below the deep load-line4 ,in all cases where this crown is less than six feet below that line1 the sides should be made susceptible of protection by allowing a space to interpose materials1 such as sand1 coal1 or water in tanks1 between them and the inner planking of the ship4 ,an average space of six feet or more on both sides will be sufficient4 ,under no circumstances1 however well the sides be guarded1 should the crown of the magazine1 if it can be avoided1 be less than four feet below the deep load-line4 #aif4 ,it is proper to add1 in connection with this most important subject1 that in order to increase security against the effects of lightning1 a magazine should be placed1 if practicable1 so as not to include a part of a mast4 #aig4 ,all the metallic fixtures about a magazine1 delivering-passages1 and light-rooms1 must be of copper4 #aih4 ,each delivering-passage is to have1 for the distribution of powder1 at least as many passing-scuttles communicating with the orlop or berth deck as there are chains of scuttles above4 ,the powder-man will thus always find at the scuttle the proper passing-box4 ,,magazine-,,cocks4 #aii4 ,each magazine1 as a whole--that is1 including the delivering-passage--being made1 as stated above1 water-tight1 is to be provided with an independent cock for filling it rapidly with water2 a waste-pipe leading from above the upper tier of tanks to carry off the superfluous water2 and a cock just at the floor for letting the water off when the magazine is to be emptied after having been flooded4 ,both the cocks must be turned from the deck above1 each having a lever to its spindle for the purpose1 distinctly marked1 with engraved letters1 what it is and how it is to be used1 and kept secured by a proper lock1 the key of which is to be kept among those of the magazines4 ,a short pipe to lead the water down into the hold is to be attached to the emptying cock1 and with this the waste-pipe is to connect4 ,all are to be well boxed over for protection against injury4 ,a perforated disk1 or strainer1 is to be secured inside of the hole1 at the upper part of the magazine1 for the waste-pipe4 ,all couplings of hose shall conform to the general naval standard4 ,,lighting ,,the ,,magazine4 #bjj4 ,the magazine is to be lighted by means of one regulation-lamp1 to correspond with each alley of the magazine-room1 placed in a box arranged for the purpose4 ,this box1 of which a portion of the magazine bulkhead forms a part1 is to be lined1 internally1 with soldered sheets of copper1 and have a few inches of water in it whenever the lamp is lighted4 ,the entrance to it is at the top1 through a scuttle in the deck large enough to admit the lamp4 ,for single-decked vessels this scuttle may be surrounded by a composition coaming pierced with holes one-fourth of an inch in diameter1 on the forward and after sides near the top4 ,the cover must be so arranged that1 when placed in one position1 all the holes will be closed--by turning it half round1 they are all open2 thus supplying air to the lamp and carrying off smoke4 ,in the portion of the magazine bulkhead just alluded to1 and so as to throw as much light as possible into the magazine-room1 an opening with great bevelling is to be cut1 which is to be covered by two plane glasses of suitable thickness1 somewhat separated from each other1 one of which1 that next to the lamp1 must be permanently fixed2 and the other1 or that next to the magazine1 is to be let into a wooden frame so that it may be easily removed1 and thus both glasses cleaned at any time with convenience and safety4 ,the glasses are to be held in place by brass screws1 after being closely fitted and having their edges made perfectly tight4 ,a small dome or reversed funnel of copper1 where it can be conveniently done1 is to be placed above the lamp and fitted with a pipe of the same metal to convey the smoke off4 ,this pipe may pass up through the covering of the light-box1 which is to have a plug-hole1 lined with brass1 for the purpose1 and then led farther1 if necessary1 taking care1 however1 to consult perfect safety throughout4 ,the admission of air to the light-box may be from the division of the hold in which it is placed1 by small holes1 near its top1 through its side or back1 protected with copper wire-gauze1 inside and outside of the box4 ,the ceiling and bulkheads of all magazines and shell-rooms should be thoroughly whitewashed4 ,,stowing ,,the ,,magazines4 #bja4 ,in the stowage of magazines1 reference must be had to the ,gunner's duties 7,art4 #cf1 ,part ,i471 and to ,arrangements for ,delivering and ,distributing ,powder 7,art4 #ahj1 ,part ,i474 ,ledges on the shelves1 or a bar of wood to ship and unship with facility1 will be provided for each tier of tanks1 on both sides of the alleys1 to secure them from getting out of place when the ship rolls4 ,the ,inspector of ,ordnance will furnish the commander of the ship with an exact plan of the magazine and shell-rooms1 which shall be returned to the ,inspector of the ,yard at which the ship refits or is placed in ordinary1 with any suggestions the ,commander may have to make relative to practicable changes which will render the service more safe or convenient4 ,,shell-,,rooms4 #bjb4 ,rooms for the stowage of loaded shells require the same care in construction and protection against an enemy's shot1 and in provision for lighting and flooding1 as magazines4 ,therefore1 they should always be built with reference to these objects1 as well as to affording room enough to accommodate conveniently the number of loaded shells allowed in their boxes1 stowed in bulk4 ,each should have one light1 arranged like those for magazines4 #bjc4 ,in vessels partially armed with shell-guns1 the best place1 perhaps1 for these rooms is immediately forward of the spirit-room1 but not communicating with it2 and in those armed entirely with such guns1 the additional shell-rooms necessary may be1 perhaps1 more conveniently placed abaft1 and adjoining the delivering-passage of the forward magazine1 than elsewhere4 #bjd4 ,with the introduction of rifled cannon1 and various special projectiles1 it is essential to devote more care to the stowage of shells1 in order to avoid confusion in battle4 ,not only each kind and calibre1 but each length of fuze1 is to be stowed in separate tiers4 ,,dampness ,,of ,,magazines ,,and ,,shell-,,rooms4 #bje4 ,sponge clipped in a solution of salt water1 dried and weighed1 is a means of ascertaining if dampness exists in these places4 ,if it become heavier1 the room is damp4 ,,ventilation4 #bjf4 ,provision must be made1 by means of grating-hatches1 for sufficient ventilation in action1 to supply the magazine-men with fresh air1 and allow the dampness caused by perspiration to pass off2 and fan-blowers are to be fitted to increase the supply of fresh air1 and assist the ventilation4 ,the magazine should be opened and aired1 at least once a fortnight1 for a few hours1 on bright1 clear days4 ,illustration3 ,,spaces ,,required for working ,,different ,,classes ,,of ,,guns ,,on ,,truck ,,carriages4 7with muzzle #ah in4 inside of centre of ,port7 ,c4,k4 ,stellwagen1 del4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,illustration3 ,,spaces ,,required for working ,,different ,,classes ,,of ,,guns ,,on ,,truck ,,carriages4 7with muzzle #ah;in inside of centre of ,port7 ,c4,k4 ,stellwagen1 del4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,gun-,,carriages1 ,,gear1 ,,implements ,,and ,,equipments4 ,,gun-,,carriages4 #bjg4 ,all gun-carriages shall be constructed in exact conformity to the drawings furnished by the ,bureau1 and no alterations whatever will be permitted without its express sanction4 ,the ,inspector of ,ordnance will keep approved copies of all plans1 and1 in order to insure uniformity1 will report to the ,bureau any deviations from the standard drawings which he may observe in carriages received from other ,yards4 ,the spaces required for efficient working of all guns are represented in diagrams ,x1 ,y1 ,z1 and these1 as well as the distances between pivot-centres1 sizes and positions of bolts1 are to be strictly adhered to4 ,the distance between pivot-centres of all ,,xi-in41 ,x-in41 ,,ix-in41 and #ajj-pdr4 carriages shall be either #adb or #aag-c_/d inches1 depending on the breadth of beam1 position of hatches and other obstructions1 and shall not be deviated from except by explicit directions of the ,bureau1 on a report of the particular circumstances in each case4 ,for the #fj-pdr4 ,parrott1 #acj inches between centres2 and for the #cj-pdr41 #abj inches4 ,the sizes of sockets and pivot-bolts are established as follows3 ,,for ,,xi-,,in41 ,x-,,in41 ,,for #fj1 #cj1 ,,ix4-,,in41 ,,and #ajj-,,pdr4 ,,and #bj-,,pdr4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,length of bolt under the head #ah4 #ad4 ,diameter of bolt #d4 #c4 ,do4 hole in socket #d4a #c4a ,do4 boss #aj4e #h4 ,height of boss #a4e #a4a ,slot in the pivot-plate1 #a_/af larger than the boss4 ,for ,,xi-in41 ,x-in41 ,,ix-in41 and #ajj-pdr4 carriages1 the fighting and shifting sockets are bossed1 the housing-socket plain4 ,for #fj-pdr41 #cj-pdr41 and #bj-pdr4 carriages1 the shifting-socket alone is bossed4 ,for broadside-guns1 the following positions for bolts are established3 #bj ,,and #bd ,,in4 #af ,,and #ah ,,in4 ,,port-,,sills4 ,,port-,,sills4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,height of centre of lower bolt from deck #ad4ge #aj4ge ,distance between the bolts #c4ge #c4ge ,distance of centre of #ast bolt from side of port #ad4 #ad4 ,distance of centre of #b;d bolt from side of port #bb4 #bb4 ,distance of centre of training-bolt from side of port #cf4 #cf4 ,height of training-bolt from deck #ba4 #ad4 #af4 ,height of securing-bolt 7side-tackle bolt7 above port-sill #h4 #h4 ,for ,,ix-in4 guns1 the port-sill should not be less than #bj inches in height1 and no port-sill less than #af inches2 otherwise1 the carriages will not give sufficient elevation1 and the position of the ,gun ,captain in aiming is exceedingly awkward and inconvenient4 ,scraping and staining gun-carriages or keeping them bright is prohibited2 they should be kept well painted1 and the trucks1 axletrees1 and trunnion-holes oiled4 ,all new work shall be primed with red-lead4 ,wrought-iron ,broadside carriages1 for ,,ix-inch1 new #h-;in4 of #f1ejj lbs41 and #cb-pdr4 of #d1ejj lbs4 shell-guns1 have been designed by the ,ordnance ,bureau1 submitted to trial with success1 and are being issued for service at sea4 ,,gun-,,gear4 #bjh4 ,breechings for all guns are to be made of the best hemp1 of three-stranded rope1 shroud-laid1 and soft2 and for smooth-bore guns not to measure less than seven and a half nor more than eight inches in the coil1 excepting those for ,,ix-inch guns1 which are to measure nine and a half inches1 and for ,,xi-inch ten and a half inches4 #bji4 ,the breeching-bolts must never be of less dimensions than those prescribed by regulation1 and there must be double sets for the ,,ix and ,,xi inch guns4 #baj4 ,in fitting breechings1 a thimble is to be spliced into one end1 the strands stuck through twice1 and marled down4 ,a thimble is to be turned into the other end1 so that the length of the breeching may be conveniently altered4 ,thus fitted1 when the gun is run in and levelled1 breechings must be long enough to allow the muzzle of the gun to come a foot inside of the upper port-sill1 if the breadth of the vessel will allow it4 ,with guns of violent recoil this distance may be advantageously doubled1 where there is room enough1 as thereby the strain will be much lessened4 ,breechings are neither to be covered1 blackened1 nor rendered less pliable in any way4 ,illustration3 ,new #h in4 ,gun of #fejj lbs4 and ,iron ,carriage4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,c4,k4 ,stellwagen1 del4 ,,breechings4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,length ,,of ,,breeching ,,when ,,cut4 ,b3 ,,length ,,of ,,breeching ,,when ,,finished4 ,c3 ,,circumference ,,of ,,breeching4 ,d3 ,diameter4 ,e3 ,depth4 ,f3 ,radius of ,score4 ,g3 ,diam4 bolt-hole4 ,h3 ,,weight1 ,,including ,,thimble4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,thimble4 ,,class ----------------------- ,,of ,,gun4 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,feet4,feet4,inch4,inch4,inch4,inch4,inc h4 ,lbs4 ,pivot4 ,,xi-inch #ch4 #cb4 #aj4e #f4 #d4 #a4ge #b4je #agb4 ,x-inch #cg4e #ca4e #aj4 #f4 #f4 #a4ge #b4je #agj4 ,,ix-inch #cd4 #bh4e #i4e #f4 #c4f #a4f #b4je #aaj4 #ajj-pounder #cg4e #ca4e #i4e #f4 #c4f #a4f #b4je #acj4 #fj-pounder #cc4 #bh4 #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #ia4 #cj-pounder #bg4e #bc4e #g4 #e4 - #a4b #a4ee #dc4 #bj-pounder #bf4 #ba4 #f4 #d4 - #a4j #a4ee #dj4 ,broadside4 ,,xi-inch #ch4j #cb4j #aj4e #f4 #d4 #a4ge #b4je #agb4 ,x-inch #cd4e #bh4e #aj4 #f4 #d4 #a4ge #b4je #afj4 ,,ix-inch #ca4e #be4e #i4e #f4 #c4f #a4f #b4je #ajj4 #h-;in4 #fc cwt4 #bh4 #bc4c #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #gf4 #h-;in4 #ee cwt4#bg4 #bb4c #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #gb4 #f1ejj lbs4 #cb-pounder #eg cwt4 #bh4e #bd4 #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #gf4 #cb-pounder #db cwt4#bf4 #ba4e #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #gj4 #d1ejj lbs4 #cb-pounder #cc cwt4 #bc4e #ai4 #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #fe4 #cb-pounder #bg cwt4 #bb4 #ag4e #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #fa4 ,broadside ,rifle4 #ajj-pounder #ce4e #ca4 #i4e #f4 #c4f #a4f #b4je #aae4 #fj-pounder #bh4 #bc4e #h4 #e4e - #a4c #a4ee #hj4 #cj-pounder #be4e #ba4e #g4 #e4 - #a4b #a4ee #ci4 #bj-pounder #bc4 #ag4e #f4 #d4 - #a4 #a4ee #cd4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #baa4 ,gun-tackle falls will be made of ,manilla or such other pliable rope as may be directed from time to time by the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ,it is prohibited to blacken them or to diminish their pliability4 ,three-inch rope will be found large enough for the heaviest1 and from #b-a_/b to #b-a_/d inch for the lighter guns4 ,the rope being well stretched1 the falls are to be cut of sufficient length to allow the full recoil1 leaving end enough to hitch round the straps of their inner blocks1 when hooked to the middle bolts4 #bab4 ,blocks for gun-tackles should have pins of hardened copper1 turned smooth1 and sheaves of lignum-vitae without bouching4 ,those to reeve #c-;inch falls to be #aj inches1 those for #b-a_/b inch falls #i inches1 and those for #b-a_/d inch falls #h inches long4 ,the hooks of gun-tackle blocks are not to be less than one and a half inch diameter at the bend for heavy1 and one and a quarter for light1 broadside-guns4 ,metallic blocks with nibs1 which keep the blocks fair with the falls1 and thus prevent the falls from fouling in the recoil1 are to be supplied to all ,marsilly and heavy pivot carriages4 ,,griolet4 #bac4 ,the ,,griolet-,,purchase for dismounting guns on covered decks is composed of-- ,a toggle-block1 made of elm or oak1 the outer end or head of which is made rather larger in diameter than the inner one1 which exactly fits the bore of the gun4 ,the head has two sheaves in it1 so as to form the lower block of the muzzle-purchase1 and is bound at the outer end with an iron band4 ,a double cascabel-block of iron is made either with a shackle or to fit between the jaws of the cascabel1 where it is secured by the cascabel-pin4 ,the iron pins on which the sheaves revolve are formed with eyes1 for the convenience of hitching the standing part of the purchase4 ,two iron treble-blocks1 one for the muzzle and the other for the breech-purchase4 ,the muzzle-purchase block is so fitted as to be either shackled or toggled to the housing-bolt above the port1 and the breech-purchase block has an iron strap terminating above1 with an eye by which it is shackled to a bolt passing through the deck above the gun4 ,this bolt has an eye in one end1 and a screw or key-slit at the other1 and1 when in place1 is secured above the deck with a nut or key1 between which and the deck a washer of hard wood or iron of suitable breadth and thickness is placed4 ,the hole through which this bolt is put should be directly above the cascabel-block when the muzzle of the gun is under the housing-bolt1 and may be bored at the time the gun is to be dismounted2 it is to be stopped afterwards with a plug of wood coated with white-lead4 ,but as it is desirable that every division on the gun-deck should be exercised in mounting and dismounting its guns1 a hole may be made in the deck above each division and bouched with a composition screw-tap4 ,the purchase-falls should not be less than three and a half inches in size1 and should be made of ,manilla rope1 of sufficient length to reeve full1 the gun being supposed to be on deck and the upper blocks in place1 allowing also sufficient end for splicing in the thimbles and hitching the standing part of the purchase when rove4 ,an iron thimble1 large enough to hook the double-block of a side or train tackle1 is spliced into the end of each purchase-fall4 ,,selvagee ,,wads4 #bad4 ,selvagee wads are made by the wad-machine at the ,navy ,yards4 ,this consists of pairs of disks adapted to each calibre of guns1 which being placed face to face on a spindle and keyed1 present an annular score1 grooved in such a way as to make1 when filled1 a grommet of the requisite size4 ,transverse notches are cut in the circumference of the disks to the bottom of the score1 for the convenience of marling the wad before taking it off the mould4 ,illustration3 ,,spaces ,,required for working ,,different ,,classes ,,of ,,guns on ,,pivot ,,carriages4 ,lith4 by ,j4,f4 ,gedney1 ,washn4 ,c4,k4 ,stellwagen1 del4 ,in making the wad1 the end of a rope-yarn is fixed in the score1 and the mould is turned by a crank until the score is filled4 ,the grommet thus formed is marled like a selvagee strap1 and a section of about an inch is taken out of it1 in order to make the wad1 when swelled by dampness1 enter the bore of the gun readily4 ,selvagee wads should be made neither too hard nor too soft2 and to avoid either of these extremes1 a sufficient number of hitches only will be taken to give the wad the consistency required for service4 ,sections of one-third or one-fourth of these wads will answer as well1 in case of need4 ,,magazine-,,screens4 #bae4 ,are made of thick fearnaught1 or of double baize1 with holes through which to pass the powder2 these holes to be covered by broad flaps of the same material4 ,one screen is to be hung abaft1 and another forward of the magazine passing-hatch and scuttles in sloops-of-war2 in ships-of-the-line and frigates1 one is usually to be hung abaft the fore1 and one forward of the after1 magazine-scuttle2 but as ships are differently arranged1 two to each magazine will be allowed1 if required4 ,canvas chutes for returning empty passing-boxes are to be supplied to each scuttle4 ,,magazine-,,dresses4 #baf4 ,are to be of worsted1 like a simple shirt1 to reach to the knees--no metal buttons to be worn4 ,the shoes must be made wholly of cotton canvas or buckskin4 ,in hot climates or warm weather generally1 the naked feet are preferred4 ,india-rubber and woollen slippers are prohibited4 ,,rattles ,,for ,,calling ,,boarders4 #bag4 ,to be made like those used by watchmen1 of white oak1 or some other similar wood4 ,rattle1 #ab inches long2 ratchet1 #b inches in diameter2 spring1 one inch in width1 and of sufficient thickness and elasticity to produce the requisite sound4 ,weight enough should be given to the butt to cause it to revolve round the handle with ease4 ,fixed rattles of greater power will be attached to suitable places on each deck4 ,,shell-,,whips4 #bah4 ,to be made of two-inch rope1 rove through two single blocks one above the other1 in the shell-hatchway1 and the ends knotted together4 ,a hook is fixed on each part of the whip1 near the block1 so that the parts being bowsed on alternately1 a full box is brought up on one hook and an empty one lowered by the other1 at the same time4 ,,flash-,,pans4 #bai4 ,shallow copper bowls1 large enough to hold an ounce of powder1 with a handle two feet long1 to be supplied to all vessels4 ,,dark ,,lanterns4 #bbj4 ,to be made of copper1 tinned inside1 with two handles at the side1 that the shade may be turned without taking hold of the top4 ,the whole height1 #ab inches2 diameter1 #d inches4 ,,boat ,,grapnels4 #bba4 ,are made of round iron1 quite light1 for throwing into the rigging or chains of the enemy1 for the purpose of holding on when boarding2 their prongs are barbed4 ,six feet of small chain are to be attached to the ring1 and connected with six fathoms of one and three quarter rope4 ,,targets4 #bbb4 ,in the construction of targets for practice at sea1 the chief object will be to give buoyancy and stability to the screen1 with sufficient development of its surface4 ,to these ends1 whiskey or beef barrels1 supporting boards of sufficient length1 will afford staging for the masts1 yards1 and screen2 the heel of the mast passing through the stage1 and having ballast attached to it4 ,the stage should be so fitted as to be readily put together when wanted1 and taken apart for stowage4 ,harbor targets may be anchored1 or supported on stakes2 but it would conduce to good practice to stretch a screen of sufficient length to show1 distinctly1 four or six ports1 with the proper intervals between4 ,this will the better exhibit the lateral effect of the firing of each gun1 and of the concentration of fire from several guns at known distances4 ,,packing-,,boxes4 #bbc4 ,cartridges for small arms1 primers1 spur-tubes1 percussion-caps1 spare fuzes1 false-fires1 blue-lights1 port-fires1 and signal-rockets1 will generally be supplied to vessels in boxes1 in which they can be kept with little liability to injury1 until wanted for use4 7,see ,part ,i41 ,page #aj1 ,art4 #db47 ,these boxes are to be safely kept and returned into store1 or accounted for in the same manner as other articles of ,ordnance stores1 by those persons in whose charge they may be placed4 ,they will be held pecuniarily responsible for their loss4 ,,gun-,,slings #bbd4 ,must be made of chain of #c_/d-;inch iron1 and tested1 to secure proper strength2 the rings are to be of #a-a_/d-;inch iron4 ,the length of the slings should exceed by one foot that of the longest gun on board4 ,the two parts should be parcelled and marled together for a space of two feet before and one foot behind the trunnions of the longest gun1 and a piece of three-inch rope spliced around both parts in the wake of the parcelling1 long enough to take four or five turns round the chase of the largest gun4 ,,trunnion-,,sight ,,for ,,mortars ,,and ,,pivot-,,guns4 #bbe4 ,the trunnion-sight is designed to be used only when the required elevation passes the limits of the other sights4 ,it is formed of a bar of mahogany1 or other hard wood not liable to warp1 of about forty inches in length1 two inches wide1 and one inch thick1 with a brass notch at the rear end and a point at the other1 fixed in1 and parallel to1 the upper edge4 ,it is attached1 by a stout thumb-screw1 to the axis of the left trunnion1 around which it revolves when the screw is slack4 ,a semicircular plate1 graduated to degrees1 is attached to the bar1 so that the sight may be used with the tables showing the corresponding ranges of the several classes of guns with their distant firing-charge4 7,see ,,tables ,,of ,,ranges1 ,appendix ,d47 ,the upper edge of the sight-bar corresponds with #j deg4 when the line of sight is parallel to the axis of the bore4 ,a small level let into the upper surface of the rear end of the bar shows when the bar is level4 ,in using this sight1 the thumb-screw is first loosened1 and the rear end of the sight raised until the mark on the trunnion coincides with the degree of elevation required for the range1 as given in the ,tables3 clamp the thumb-screw1 and elevate the gun until the bubble is at #j deg41 then give the lateral training4 #bbf4 ,tangent-sights placed on the side of the breech1 with a fixed front sight on the rimbase1 as in rifled cannon1 will hereafter be supplied to all pivot-guns2 and these will give the sight with equal accuracy at all elevations4 ,,rammers ,,and ,,sponges4 #bbg4 ,rammer-heads are to be made of well-seasoned ash1 birch1 beech1 or other tough wood1 of the form and dimensions given in the drawings furnished by the ,bureau to the different ,navy ,yards4 ,the face of the rammer is hollowed1 so as to embrace the front of the ball and press the selvagee wad home in its place4 ,a hole is bored lengthwise through the head to admit the tenon1 which is fastened by a pin of hard wood1 three-tenths of an inch in diameter1 passing transversely through the head and tenon4 ,the diameter of the staff is #a4ge1 and that of the tenon #a4e inch4 ,the diameter of the rammer-head will be #j4be inch less than that of the bore or chamber to which it is adapted4 ,for all chambered guns except those of the ,dahlgren pattern1 the rammers will be adapted to the chamber1 but1 as above described1 will answer equally well for the shot and selvagee wad4 ,staves are made of tough ash1 and are one foot longer than the bores of the guns for which they are intended3 they are to have grooves #a_/af of an inch deep and #a_/d of an inch broad cut in them to show when the ordinary charges are in place1 and1 by due allowances1 the others also4 ,for rifled cannon1 rammer-heads are made of composition1 of the pattern prescribed by the ,bureau4 #bbh4 ,sponge-heads are to be made of poplar1 or other suitable light wood4 ,a hole #a4e inch in diameter is bored through the axis to admit the tenon of the staff1 into which the worm is previously secured by means of a brass pin which passes through an eye in its shank and the tenon4 ,the worm is intended to project half an inch beyond the face of the sponge-head1 when the tenon is in place1 and to have free play back into its socket when pressed against the bottom of the bore4 ,it must be two inches in length and one and a quarter inch in diameter1 made of elastic brass or composition wire two-tenths of an inch in diameter1 and tapering at the points1 so as to preserve its elasticity and firmness4 ,it is to be left-handed1 in order to act when turned to the right1 or with the sun4 ,the wood of which sponge-heads are made should be well seasoned1 and gotten out of a size but little greater than the diameter of the heads for which it is intended1 so that there may be as little shrinkage as possible in the finished heads4 ,the heads1 when finished1 should also be primed with several coats of boiled linseed oil or varnish1 as the porous wood of which they are made is apt to become water-soaked1 or to split on exposure to the air4 #bbi4 ,for chambered guns the sponges must fit the chambers and slopes1 and a portion of the main bore1 as shown in the drawings furnished by the ,bureau4 ,when made of wool1 the whole surface is covered1 and so sheared as to have no windage1 and to be even with the points of the worm1 that they make take effect4 ,the heads for woollen sponges should be one inch less in diameter than the bores or chambers of the guns for which they are intended4 ,in future1 sheepskins will not be allowed1 but covers for sponge-heads made up ready to slip over the head and be tacked on4 #bcj4 ,the heads for the sponges of unchambered guns are to be eight inches long2 and all sponge-heads intended to be covered with woollen material must be slightly tapered and secured by a thin copper hoop1 fastened with copper tacks1 on the inner end4 #bca4 ,for ,bristle ,sponges the heads must be #a4e inch less in diameter than the bores or chambers for which they are designed4 ,the bristles are to be sheared so as to work easily and leave no windage4 ,the worm must project one-fourth of an inch1 in order to take the bottom of the bore1 and special care is to be taken by the ,inspector that it has both the necessary stiffness to act efficiently and elastically enough1 when pressed home1 to yield sufficiently to allow the bristles to act also4 ,spiral spaces extending the whole length of the sponge-head1 including the portion adapted to the main bore in chambered guns1 are to be left1 in order to bring out the unconsumed portions of cartridges4 ,these spaces must be left-handed like the worm4 ,great care is necessary1 in stowing them1 to prevent the bristles from being crushed down by contact with hard substances4 ,for this purpose fenders will be provided with copper tacks1 on the inner end4 ,one will be allowed to each division1 for each calibre1 for cleaning guns4 #bcb4 ,sponge-staves are to be made of tough ash1 #a4ge inch in diameter1 and must be #ah inches longer than the bores of the guns for which they are intended4 #bcc4 ,sponge-caps are made of duck1 and1 except for spar-deck guns where they are exposed to the weather1 should not be painted1 but they1 as well as the staves1 should be kept clean by scrubbing4 ,a becket should be attached to the end to haul them off by4 ,sponges should be washed carefully and dried after use before putting the caps on1 and frequently examined and dried to prevent their rotting4 ,,robinson',s ,,worm4 #bcd4 ,this worm consists of a screw1 #a-a_/d inch in diameter1 of two turns1 at the end of a cylindrical iron shank1 with a socket and straps riveted to the staff1 which is #a4e inch in diameter4 ,the worm is supported in the axis of the bore by means of a guide-ring of composition1 kept in place on the shank1 six inches from the end1 by a shoulder and forelock4 ,thus adjusted1 it is used to draw the junk-wad and cartridge2 the latter being laid hold of by the tie1 if the staff be held in the axis of the bore1 is uninjured4 ,when the ring is removed the worm will be equally efficient in drawing the selvagee wad4 ,,ladles4 #bce4 ,ladles1 when required1 are to be made according to the patterns sent to each of the ,navy ,yards4 ,ladles which may be on hand are to be tried in drawing projectiles from the guns before they are issued for service4 ,the ,ladle will not draw rifle projectiles1 and should not be used for that purpose4 ,,scrapers ,,for ,,bottom ,,of ,,bore4 #bcf4 ,these consist of two steel blades1 crossing each other in the middle1 and having their edges conformed to the curve of the bottom of the bore4 ,they are inserted in a sponge-bead1 and are designed to remove the cake usually caused by the adherence of the bottoms of the cylinders to the bottom of the bore4 ,the edges of the scrapers are so bevelled as to act only when turned to the right1 or with the sun4 ,scrapers are also to be supplied for rifled cannon1 made to clean a groove and the adjacent lands4 ,,ordinary ,,handspikes4 #bcg4 ,handspikes are to be made of well-seasoned white hickory1 of the form and dimensions directed by the ,bureau4 ,they are always to be shod1 stained black1 and oiled4 ,the ,ordnance ,officer of the ,navy ,yard will ascertain that they ship freely in the training-loops or sockets1 and that the toe is sufficiently rounded not to cut the decks when held vertically4 ,,details ,,of ,,handspikes4 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 ,no4 #c4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,total in4 #fd4 #fj4 ,square part in4 #bj4 #bj4 ,length ,octagon part in4 #f4 #f4 ,round part in4 #ch4 #cd4 ,shoe in4 #ah4 #ah4 ,diameter of square in4 #b4ge #b4ej of small end in4 #a4ge #a4f ,radius of quarter round in4 #d4e #c4e ,weight lbs4 #af4 #ab4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,roller ,,handspikes4 #bch4 ,there are two sizes of roller handspikes3 ,no4 #a for the ,,ix-in4 shell-gun and #ajj-pdr4 ,marsilly1 or two-truck carriage2 ,no4 #b for all other guns4 ,they are composed of--the head and socket of bronze1 handle of hickory1 and the roller of lignum-vitae4 ,the boss on the head makes1 with the handle1 an angle of #gj deg41 and1 when vertical1 lifts the carriage half an inch 7#j4e74 ,commander ,beaumont's roller handspike has been adopted4 ,it is a common error of seamen to stoop1 with a view of raising the carriage higher4 ,the lift is greatest when the end of the handle is at the hip4 ,,details ,,of ,,roller ,,handspikes4 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,extreme in4 #gj4e #ff4 of handle in4 #fc4j #fb4e ,length of socket in4 #ab4 #g4e of boss in4 #a4f #a4c of boss from centre of roller in4 #d4e #c4f of axle-pin in4 #i4e #g4e of roller in4 #d4e #c4d of socket in4 #b4i #b4e ,diameter of hole in socket in4 #b4f #b4be ,small end of handle in4 #a4e #a4ej of hole for axle-pin in4 4#ge 4#fb ,width of roller in4 #c4fj #c4jj ,exterior of head in4 #i4jj #g4jj ,weight lbs4 #cb4 #ai4e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,impression-,,takers4 #bci4 ,all vessels carrying ,,xi and ,,ix inch guns1 and all iron rifles1 are to be furnished with an impression-taker and wax4 ,impressions of the vent and bore1 as described in ,art4 #eg1 are to be taken after every ten shotted rounds in practice1 and at the close of an action4 ,the last one should be preserved for comparison with the succeeding one2 and when1 in the opinion of the ,commanding ,officer1 the wear becomes excessive1 or a decided crack shows itself1 a duplicate must be forwarded to the ,bureau for examination4 ,in forwarding them1 they should be tacked on a piece of thin board secured in the bottom of a box4 ,if wrapped in cotton or oakum they are generally defaced4 ,the date1 number of fires1 ,register ,nos4 of guns1 ship from which forwarded1 and other remarks written and pasted on the under side of the box-cover4 ,in expert hands any small spar--such as a boat's mast--will take the impression equally well4 ,,passing-,,boxes4 #bdj4 ,passing-boxes are to be made of strong and well-tanned harness or sole leather1 strongly sewed1 or of such other material as may be directed4 ,for #h-;inch and #cb-pounder guns they are to be of sufficient height to contain two near-firing charges4 ,their diameters1 in the clear1 must be half an inch greater than those of the cartridges they are to contain4 ,their tops must be distinctly lettered1 in letters one inch and a half long1 with the calibre and class of gun they are intended to serve1 and made to slide on the beckets4 #bda4 ,all passing-boxes are to be painted black1 with the calibre and charge painted in white letters two and one-half 7#b-a_/b7 inches long on the side1 and one and one-half 7#a-a_/b7 on the top4 #bdb4 ,if1 however1 there are any guns of the same calibre on spar-decks requiring lighter charges1 the lower half of the box shall be painted white4 ,for gun-decks in similar cases the lower half shall be painted red4 ,,fire-,,tubs4 #bdc4 ,fire-tubs should be made of oak1 of the patterns furnished by the ,bureau1 the hoops being of iron4 ,the top is to be provided with a stout hoop of wood1 to ship and unship1 with a grating across it of stout copper wire1 the meshes of which must be small enough to prevent the passing-boxes from falling into the water when struck over the tub4 ,,fire-,,buckets4 #bdd4 ,fire-buckets should be made of light well-tanned sole leather1 according to pattern4 ,a few ,rubber buckets have been issued for trial and report4 ,,the ,,grommet ,,muzzle-,,lashing ,,for ,,housing ,,guns4 #bde4 ,consists of a grommet made of rope double the size of the gun-tackle falls1 with two cringles worked into it for the frapping lashing1 which will be of stuff half the size of the tackle-falls4 ,the grommet will be made large enough just to slip over the swell of the muzzle when the bight is over the housing hook-bolt1 and the gun is in position for housing4 ,it will be wormed throughout1 and parcelled in the wake of the housing-bolt and frapping lashing1 and where there is no swell1 in the wake of the muzzle-ring4 ,where the housing-bolt is an eye-bolt1 the grommet is secured to it by means of a toggle which has a lanyard4 ,,fuze-,,wrenches4 #bdf4 ,for the ,navy time-fuze these are made of steel1 with a round shank1 four inches long1 four-tenths of an inch diameter4 ,prongs round1 one and a half inch long1 three-tenths of an inch diameter4 ,cross-handle of wood1 with small forked screw-driver in one end for water-cap4 ,the prongs of the wrench are flattened at the ends1 and are nine-tenths of an inch apart4 ,a three-armed wrench is also required for the ,parrott1 ,schenkl1 and ,hotchkiss fuzes1 all of which differ4 ,two to be allowed to each shell-room4 ,,rigging ,,stoppers4 #bdg4 ,standing rigging1 when stranded or shot away1 is most readily and effectually secured for the moment by using stoppers composed of two small dead-eyes1 fitted with double selvagee tails and lanyards1 of sizes suitable to the rigging1 whether lower or topmast4 ,these are to be fitted on board ship1 and set up by means of pendant-tackles or jiggers1 as the case may require4 ,,harness-,,casks ,,for ,,boats4 #bdh4 ,for expeditions1 the launches and first cutters of all vessels are each to be provided with a week's supply of pork1 sufficient for all the boats' crews of the ship1 kept in quarter barrels or kegs1 adapted to the form of the boat and to convenient stowage4 ,,accoutrements ,,for ,,captains ,,of ,,guns1 ,,boarders1 ,,and ,,small-,,arms ,,men4 #bdi4 ,,waist-,,belts1 to be made of buff leather--grained leather becomes stiff and horny when exposed to the sea-air--two inches wide1 and from forty to forty-four inches long2 a pattern buckle has been adopted4 ,the same belt is used by ,captains of guns and boarders1 as well as by small-arms men and the crews of field-howitzers2 the frogs and boxes to hold the arms and ammunition being fitted with loops to slip on and off the belt as circumstances require1 and in the following order3 #ast and #b;d ,captains of guns1 and of field and boat howitzers1 wear the primer-box in front2 if they are boarders1 the sword on the left and the pistol-frog on the right hip4 ,these equipments1 consequently1 will be slid on towards the loop end of the belt1 in the order just named4 ,other boarders1 and guns' crews of howitzers when used as field-guns1 wear their arms1 as in the preceding case1 without the primer-box4 ,men armed with muskets1 and acting on shore1 will wear musket cartridge-boxes1 fitted with frog and scabbard for bayonet on the waist-belt4 ,men who may be armed with carbines on shore duty will wear cartridge-boxes with waist-belts4 ,for boat duty1 or when armed with pistols and swords1 they will wear the waist-belt with the proper frog and boxes4 #bej4 ,instead of the sword-frog1 the sword scabbards of ,admiral ,d4,d4 ,porter's pattern are fitted with a loop to slide on the waist-belt4 ,this scabbard also dispenses with the brass mountings1 which are replaced by leather ones4 ,the whole is fastened by copper rivets1 instead of being sewed4 #bea4 ,,primer-,,boxes1 of black bridle leather1 rectangular in form1 and of the size to contain1 loosely1 the tin packing-box4 ,flap covering the top and front with a button-hole strap one inch in width1 sewed near the bottom3 brass button riveted to the bottom of the box4 ,loop1 two inches wide1 placed upright on the back of the box for the waist-belt to pass through4 #beb4 ,,pistol-,,frog--buff leather--wide enough at the mouth to cover the cock of the pistol1 and at the lower part to accommodate the stock2 upper part of the back of it turned down to form a loop large enough to admit the waist-belt4 ,the stitches forming the side seams not to come nearer than #j4be inch from the edges of the leather4 ,to be worn on right hip4 ,pocket--thin bridle leather--to contain three cartridges2 flap1 tongue1 and loop4 ,cap-pocket1 like the cartridge-pocket2 lining1 a strip of sheepskin with the wool on1 glued with fish-glue and sewed to the back at the mouth of the pocket4 ,these two pockets are of the same depth1 and occupy the whole breadth of the pistol-frog4 #bec4 ,,thumbstalls1 of buckskin1 with hair-stuffed pad1 and thongs for the wrist4 #bed4 ,,musket ,,cartridge-,,box--black bridle leather--length1 #g4b inches2 width1 #a4f inch2 depth in front1 #e4h inches2 inner cover--upper leather--#d inches wide1 with end pieces sewed to it so as to cover the ends of the box2 flap--harness leather--#h4e inches wide at the bottom1 #h inches at top1 stamped ,u4,s4,n4 in an oval on the outside2 a button-hole strap1 sewed near the bottom2 brass button riveted to the bottom of the box2 loop--bridle leather--with a hole in the middle to hook the shoulder-belt to1 sewed to the back of the box for the waist-belt to pass through4 ,cap-pocket--light upper leather--sewed to the front of the box2 length1 #d-a_/b2 depth1 #b-a_/b inches2 flap1 tongue1 and loop--bridle leather2 lining1 a strip of sheepskin with the wool on1 #a4e inch wide1 glued with fish-glue and sewed at the mouth of the pocket2 pocket for ball-screw and wiper sewed on the right1 and for cone-key and cone-pick on the left of the cap-pocket4 ,two tin linings1 each with a lower division1 #c inches by #c4c inches1 open in front1 to contain a bundle of ten cartridges1 and two bundles of caps containing #be each1 packed in water-proof paper4 ,each tin has also two upper divisions1 #b4g inches deep--one of #b inches by #a4ce inch for six cartridges2 the other1 #a4ce inch square1 for four cartridges4 ,the edges of the tins are turned over and soldered down1 to prevent them from cutting the fingers4 ,all the tin linings should be made to slide freely in the boxes4 #bee4 ,,carbine ,,cartridge-,,box4--,the leather parts are like those of the musket cartridge-box2 length1 #f4d inches2 depth in front1 #c4g inches2 width1 #a4c inch2 inner cover1 #c4e inches wide2 flap1 #f4f inches wide at top1 #f4h at bottom1 #f deep4 ,tin linings2 two lower divisions1 #b inches deep1 #b4i inches long1 #a4b wide2 five upper divisions1 #a4b inch wide by #a4ae inch long1 and #a4e inch deep1 to contain forty cartridges1 those below in bundles of water-proof paper4 #bef4 ,,cone-,,pick of steel wire1 ,no4 #ah1 #a4e inch long1 with a ring-handle #j4e inch in diameter2 it is carried1 with the cone-key1 in the pocket in front of the musket cartridge-box4 #beg4 ,,bayonet ,,scabbard--black bridle leather--length1 #ai4c inches4 ,frog--buff leather--sewed to a socket of black leather1 which is fastened to the top of the scabbard2 the loop of the frog to be made wide enough to slide on the waist-belt4 ,,marking ,,small ,,arms4 #beh4 ,it is directed that hereafter all small arms1 when passed by the ,inspector1 be stamped in the following manner3 ,,muskets1 ,,carbines1 ,,and ,,pistols4 ,on the top of the barrel1 near the breech1 with an anchor2 and1 on the lock-plate1 the letter ,p over the initials of the ,inspector1 thus3 ,p4_/,a4,b4 ,,revolvers4 ,on the top of the barrel1 near the cylinder1 with an anchor2 and1 on the face of the cylinder1 the letter ,p over the initials of the ,inspector1 as above4 ,,cutlasses4 ,on the blade1 immediately below the guard1 with an anchor2 and the letter ,p over the initials of the ,inspector1 as above4 ,all arms in store or returned from ships will be stamped with the anchor before being issued4 ,the ,bureau will furnish to each ,inspector two sizes of stamps4 ,,muskets1 ,,carbines1 and ,,cutlasses are to be marked with the larger1 4#ae-;in41 and ,,pistols and ,,revolvers with the smaller1 #j4a-;in41 size of stamps4 ,,preservation ,,of ,,small ,,arms4 #bei4 ,the ,captain will take care that the ,small ,arms are carefully cleaned and wiped dry after every exercise or use of them1 before they are put away4 #bfj4 ,he will cause them to be frequently examined at other times1 to prevent their being clogged with oil or lacquer1 and to be sure that they are always ready for use4 ,he will strictly prohibit their being marked or otherwise defaced4 #bfa4 ,it is directed that the men who use them be taught to clean them properly1 and to remedy any slight defects or obstructions to their use4 ,chests not lined preserve them best1 if there be no proper armory4 ,,directions ,,for ,,cleaning ,,arms4 #bfb4 ,in taking apart and cleaning guns1 there are required a screw-driver1 wiper1 wire-tumbler punch1 and a spring vice4 ,no other implements should be used in taking arms apart1 or in setting them up4 #bfc4 ,,dismounting ,,and ,,cleaning4--,the rifle-musket should be dismounted in the following order1 viz43 #ast4 ,unfix the bayonet4 #b;d4 ,insert the tompion4 #c;d4 ,draw the ramrod4 #dth4 ,turn out the tang-screw4 #eth4 ,take off the lock2 to do this1 put the hammer at half-cock1 and partially unscrew the side screws2 then1 with a slight tap on the head of each screw with a wooden instrument1 loosen the lock from its bed in the stock2 turn out the side screws1 and remove the lock with the left hand4 #fth4 ,remove the side screws without disturbing the washers4 #gth4 ,take off the bands in order1 commencing with the uppermost4 #hth4 ,take out the barrel2 in doing this1 turn the musket horizontally1 with the barrel downward1 holding it loosely1 with the left hand below the rear sight and the right hand grasping the stock by the handle2 tap the muzzle on the ground1 if necessary1 to loosen the breech4 ,if an attempt were made to pull the barrel out by the muzzle1 it would1 in case it were wood-bound1 be liable to split at the head of the stock4 ,the foregoing parts of the rifle-musket are all that should usually be taken off or dismounted4 ,the breech-screw should be taken out only by an armorer1 and never in ordinary cleaning4 ,the mountings1 cone and cone-seat screw1 should not be taken off1 nor should the lock be taken apart1 except by permission of an officer4 #bfd4 ,,to ,,clean ,,the ,,barrel4--#ast4 ,stop the vent with a peg of soft wood1 or piece of rag or soft leather pressed down by the hammer2 pour a gill of water1 warm1 if it can be had1 into the muzzle2 let it stand a short time to soften the deposit of powder2 put a plug of soft wood into the muzzle and shake the water up and down the barrel2 pour it out and repeat the washing until the water comes out clear2 remove the peg from the cone and stand the barrel muzzle downward1 to drain1 for a few moments4 #b;d4 ,screw the wiper on the end of the ramrod1 and put a piece of dry cloth or tow round it sufficient to prevent it from chafing the grooves of the barrel2 wipe the barrel dry1 changing the cloth two or three times4 #c;d4 ,do not put oil into the vent1 as it will clog the passage and cause the first cap to miss fire2 but1 with a slightly oiled rag on the wiper1 rub the bore of the barrel and the face of the breech-screw1 and immediately insert the tompion into the muzzle4 #dth4 ,to clean the exterior of the barrel1 lay it flat on a bench or board1 to avoid bending it4 ,the practice of supporting the barrel at each end1 and rubbing it with a strap1 buffstick1 ramrod1 or any other instrument to burnish it1 is pernicious1 and should be strictly forbidden4 #eth4 ,after firing1 the barrel should always be washed as soon as practicable2 when the water comes off clear1 wipe the barrel dry and pass into it an oiled rag4 ,fine flour of emery cloth is the best article to clean the exterior of the barrel4 #bfe4 ,,to ,,clean ,,the ,,lock4--,wipe every part with a moist rag1 and then a dry one2 if any part of the interior shows rust1 put a drop of oil on the point or end of a piece of soft wood dipped into flour of emery2 rub out the rust and wipe the surface dry2 then rub every part with a slightly oiled rag4 #bff4 ,,to ,,clean ,,the ,,mountings4--,for iron and steel parts1 use fine emery moistened with oil1 or emery cloth4 ,for brass parts1 use rotten-stone moistened with vinegar or water1 applied with a rag1 brush1 or stick2 oil or grease should be avoided4 ,the dirt may be removed from the screw-holes by screwing a piece of soft wood into them4 ,wipe all parts with a linen rag1 and leave the parts slightly oiled4 #bfg4 ,,dismounting ,,by ,,an ,,armorer4--,the parts which are specially assigned to be dismounted by an experienced armorer will be stated in their regular order1 following ,no4 #h1 viz43 #ith4 ,unscrew cone4 #ajth4 ,take out cone-seat screw1 #aath4 ,take out band-springs1 using a wire punch4 #abth4 ,take out the guard-screws4 ,be careful that the screw-driver does not slip and mar the stock4 #acth4 ,remove the guard without injuring the wood at either end of the plate4 #adth4 ,remove the side screw-washers with a drift-punch4 #aeth4 ,remove the butt-plate4 #afth4 ,remove the rear-sight4 #agth4 ,turn out the breech-screw by means of a breech screw-wrench suited to the tenon of the screw4 ,no other wrench should ever be used for this purpose1 and the barrel should be held in clamps neatly fitting the breech4 #bfh4 ,,lock4--,to take the lock apart3 #ast4 ,cock the piece and apply the spring-piece to the mainspring2 give the thumb-screw a turn sufficient to liberate the spring from the swivel and mainspring notch2 remove the spring4 #b;d4 ,the sear-spring screw4 #c;d4 ,the sear-screw and sear4 #dth4 ,the bridle-screw and bridle4 #eth4 ,the tumbler-screw4 #fth4 ,the tumbler4 ,this is driven out with a punch inserted in the screw-hole1 which at the same time liberates the hammer4 #gth4 ,detach the mainspring swivel from the tumbler with a drift-punch4 #hth4 ,take out the feed-finger and spring4 #ith4 ,the catch-spring and screw4 #bfi4 ,as a general rule1 all parts of the musket are assembled in the inverse order in which they are dismounted4 ,before replacing screws1 oil them slightly with good sperm oil1 as inferior oil is converted into a gum1 which clogs the operation of the parts4 ,screws should not be turned in so hard as to make the parts bind4 ,when a lock has1 from any cause1 become gummed with oil and dirt1 it may be cleaned by boiling in soap-suds1 or in pearlash or soda-water2 heat should never be applied in any other way4 #bgj4 ,,precautions ,,in ,,using4--,in ordering arms on parade1 let the butt be brought gently to the ground1 especially if the ground be hard4 ,this will save the mechanism of the lock from shocks1 which are very injurious to it1 and which tend to loosen and mar the screws and split the wood-work4 ,the ramrod should not be sprung with unnecessary force1 for fear of injuring the corners of the grooves2 and1 in stacking arms1 care should be taken not to injure the bayonets by forcibly straining the edges against each other4 ,no cutting1 marking1 or scraping the wood or iron should be allowed1 and no part of the gun should be touched with a file4 ,take every possible care to prevent water from getting between the lock1 or barrel and stock4 ,if any should get there1 dismount the gun as soon as possible1 clean and oil the parts as directed1 and see that they are perfectly dry before assembling them4 ,,paints ,,and ,,lacquers4 ,,composition ,,and ,,preparation4 #bga4 ,the proportions are given for #ajj parts by weight of prepared colors1 when not otherwise designated4 ,a gallon of linseed oil weighs #g4e lbs4 ,a gallon of spirits of turpentine #g4be lbs4 ,a gallon of ,japan varnish #g4 lbs4 ,a gallon of sperm oil #g4ab lbs4 ,a gallon of neatsfoot oil #g4fc lbs4 ,,paints ,,and ,,lacquers4 ,boiled oil4 ,raw linseed #ajc4 lbs4 ,copperas #c4ae lbs4 ,litharge #f4c lbs4 ,dryings4 ,mixture of copperas and litharge taken from the boiled oil #fj lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #ef lbs4 ,boiled oil #b lbs4 ,putty 7for filling cracks in wood74 ,spanish whiting1 pulverized #ha4f lbs4 ,boiled oil #bj4d lbs4 ,another kind of putty1 for the same purpose1 is made by mixing fine sifted oak sawdust with linseed oil which has been boiled till glutinous4 ,white paint4 ,,proportions4 ,for inside work4 ,for outside work4 ,white-lead1 ground in oil #hj4 lbs4 #hj lbs4 ,boiled oil #ad4e lbs4 #i lbs4 ,raw oil #j4 lbs4 #i lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #h4 lbs4 #d lbs4 ,grind the white-lead in the oil1 and add the spirits of turpentine4 ,new wood-work requires about #a lb4 to the square yard for three coats4 ,lead color4 ,white-lead1 ground in oil #ge4 lbs4 ,lampblack #a4 lb4 ,boiled linseed oil #bc4 lbs4 ,litharge #j4e lb4 ,japan varnish #j4e lb4 ,spirits turpentine #b4e lbs4 ,the lampblack and litharge are ground separately upon the stone1 in oil1 then stirred into the white-lead and oil2 the turpentine and varnish are added as the paint is required for use1 or when it is packed in kegs for transportation4 ,black paint4 ,lampblack #bh lbs4 ,litharge #a lb4 ,japan varnish #a lb4 ,linseed oil1 boiled #gc lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #a lb4 ,grind the lampblack in oil2 mix it with the oil1 then grind the litharge in oil and add it1 stirring it well into the mixture4 ,the varnish and turpentine are added last4 ,this paint is used for the iron-work of carriages4 ,paint for tarpaulins4 ,a square yard takes #b lbs4 for three coats4 #a4 ,olive4--,liquid olive color #ajj lbs4 ,beeswax #f lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #f lbs4 ,dissolve the beeswax in the spirits of turpentine1 with a gentle heat1 and mix the paint warm4 #b4 ,add #ab ounces of beeswax to a gallon of linseed oil1 and boil it two hours2 prime the cloth with this mixture1 and use the same in place of boiled oil for mixing the paint4 ,give two coats of paint4 ,lacquers for iron ordnance4 #a4 ,black-lead1 pulverized #ab lbs4 ,red-lead #ab lbs4 ,litharge #e lbs4 ,lampblack #e lbs4 ,linseed oil #ff lbs4 ,boil it gently about twenty minutes1 during which time it must be constantly stirred4 #b4 ,umber1 ground #c4ge lbs4 ,gum-shellac1 pulverized #c4ge lbs4 ,ivory-black #c4ge lbs4 ,litharge #c4ge lbs4 ,linseed oil #gh4 lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #g4be lbs4 ,the oil must be first boiled half an hour4 ,the mixture is then boiled twenty-four hours1 poured off from the sediment1 put in jugs and corked4 #c4 ,coal tar of good quality #b galls4 ,spirits turpentine #a pint4 ,the turpentine to be added in small quantities during the application of the lacquer4 #d4 ,anti-corrosion #dj lbs4 ,grant's black1 ground in oil #d lbs4 ,red-lead1 as a dryer #c lbs4 ,linseed oil #d galls4 ,spirits turpentine #a pint4 ,this mixture1 when well stirred and incorporated1 will be fit for use2 but1 as by long keeping in this state it becomes hard1 no more should be mixed than may be required for immediate use4 ,anti-,corrosion4--,slag from iron foundries1 pounded #ab lbs4 ,chalk #ab lbs4 ,soot1 common #a lb4 ,in applying lacquer1 the surface of the iron must be first cleaned with a scraper and a wire brush1 if necessary1 and the lacquer applied hot1 in two thin coats1 with a paint-brush4 ,it is best done in summer4 ,old lacquer should be removed with a scraper1 or by scouring1 and not by heating the guns or balls1 by which the metal is injured4 ,,plantou',s ,,composition ,,for ,,coating ,,iron ,,or ,,wood ,,as ,a ,,preservative4 ,first composition4 ,pulverized rosin #c lbs4 ,pulverized shellac #b oz4 ,pulverized charcoal1 or cannel-coal #a lb4 ,spirits turpentine #a oz4 ,second composition4 ,pulverized rosin #c lbs4 ,beeswax #d oz4 ,pulverized charcoal1 or cannel-coal #a lb4 ,spirits turpentine #a oz4 ,the first two articles are to be dissolved in an iron vessel over the fire2 the charcoal is then added1 and briskly stirred until the whole is well intermixed2 after which the turpentine is added1 and stirred until it is well incorporated with the other ingredients4 ,it is not safely made on board ship4 ,the composition is to be applied when hot1 with a brush or spatula1 and smoothed over with a hot iron4 ,the wood1 or iron should be perfectly dry1 and freed from rust or other loose substances4 ,lacquer for small arms1 or for water-proof paper4 ,beeswax #ac lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #ac galls4 ,boiled linseed oil #a gall4 ,all the ingredients should be pure1 and of the best quality4 ,heat them together in a copper or earthen vessel1 over a gentle fire1 in a water-bath1 until they are well mixed4 ,lacquer for bright iron-work4 ,linseed oil1 boiled #hj4e lbs4 ,litharge #e4e lbs4 ,white-lead1 ground in oil #aa4be lbs4 ,rosin1 pulverized #b4ge lbs4 ,add the litharge to the oil1 let it simmer over a slow fire for three hours2 strain it1 and add the rosin and white-lead2 keep it gently warmed1 and stir it until the rosin is dissolved4 ,apply it with a paint-brush4 ,varnish for scabbards1 or patent leather4 ,for #ast and #b;d coats4-- ,prussian blue1 in lumps #d4 lbs4 ,sugar-of-lead #j4g lb4 ,aquafortis #j4g lb4 ,linseed oil1 boiled #gj4 lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #bd4f lb4 ,the ingredients1 except the turpentine1 are boiled together1 in an iron kettle1 eight hours1 when the mixture will assume a brilliant black color4 ,when the varnish is nearly cool1 stir in the turpentine4 ,the kettle in which the varnish is made should be of a capacity to hold double the quantity of varnish to be boiled4 ,it cannot be safely made on board ship4 ,for the third or finishing coat4--,,copal ,,varnish4 ,gum-copal1 in clear lumps #bf4e lbs4 ,boiled linseed oil #db4e lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #ca4 lbs4 ,this varnish is made in a copper vessel1 smallest at the top1 in the form of a still4 ,put the copal in the vessel1 set it on a charcoal fire for one hour1 in which time it will melt1 and all the watery particles will evaporate4 ,add the oil whilst the copal is warm1 but not boiling hot4 ,when nearly cool add the turpentine1 which will give it a proper consistency for use4 ,for #e lbs4 copal1 and the proper proportions of oil and turpentine1 the vessel should hold six gallons4 ,not safely made on board ship4 ,japan varnish4 ,litharge #d lbs4 ,boiled oil #hg lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #b lbs4 ,red-lead #f lbs4 ,umber #a lb4 ,gum-shellac #h lbs4 ,sugar-of-lead #b lbs4 ,white vitriol #a lb4 ,japan varnish is generally purchased from the paint-sellers4 ,it is made by boiling on a slow charcoal fire for five hours all the ingredients except the turpentine and a small portion of the oil4 ,the latter is added as required to check the ebullition and to allay the froth which rises to the surface4 ,it must be continually stirred with a wooden spatula4 ,great care is necessary to prevent it from taking fire1 and therefore it cannot be safely made on board ship4 ,the turpentine is added after the varnish is nearly cool1 and is stirred well in4 ,the varnish must be kept in tin cans closely corked4 ,olive paste4 ,yellow ochre1 pulverized #fh4 lbs4 ,lampblack #a4a lbs4 ,boiled oil #cg4 lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #j4d lb4 ,make a thick paste with the ochre and oil in a paint-pot1 and with the lampblack and oil in another4 ,grind them together in small portions1 and keep the mixture in a tin vessel4 ,liquid olive color4 ,olive paste #fa4e lbs4 ,boiled oil #bi4e lbs4 ,spirits turpentine #e4e lbs4 ,dryings #c4e lbs4 ,japan varnish #b4 lbs4 ,stirred together in a paint-pot4 ,brainard's paint4 ,dissolve #aj pounds of shellac in #aj gallons of boiling water1 adding #cj ounces of saleratus4 ,mix this solution with an equal quantity of paint prepared in the usual manner4 ,this paint is economical and durable4 ,black stain 7for wood-work74 ,copperas #a lb4 ,nutgalls #a lb4 ,sal ammoniac #a_/d lb4 ,vinegar #a gal4 ,stir it occasionally for a few hours1 and it will be ready for use4 ,the wood must be clean and smooth1 and the cracks filled with black putty1 which must be allowed to dry4 ,the stain to be applied two or three times1 and left to dry for a day or two4 ,then it is to be rubbed with boiled oil until sufficiently polished4 ,until the oil is applied the color will be bluish4 ,scraping and staining gun-carriages1 or keeping them bright1 is prohibited4 ,they should be kept well painted4 ,impression wax for vents4 ,beeswax #d parts4 ,tallow #b parts4 ,charcoal1 finely powdered #a part4 ,melt the beeswax and tallow1 and stir in the charcoal4 ,paper parchment4 ,immerse unsized paper for a few seconds in sulphuric acid1 diluted with half its volume of water at about #fj deg42 wash it well in cold water1 then immerse it in a weak solution of caustic ammonia1 and again wash4 ,it absorbs water1 and becomes soft and pliable like animal parchment1 but is water-proof4 ,it is not affected by boiling water1 is indestructible by most acids1 and is not diminished in strength by wetting4 ,it has about #b_/c the strength of animal parchment when dry2 the thinner kinds make capital tracing-paper1 which takes ink readily4 ,cement for the above4 ,cheese--fresh1 without salt1 if possible #c parts4 ,quicklime #a part4 ,wash the cheese thoroughly three or four times in boiling water1 and grind the materials on a stone and muller1 adding cold water until it is of the consistency of honey4 ,composition for lining the interior of rifle-shells4 ,soap--common yellow1 not salt-water soap #af ounces4 ,tallow #g ounces4 ,rosin #g ounces4 ,the tallow should be melted first1 then melt and add the rosin1 and lastly the soap1 bringing the mass to a heat that will make it very fluid4 ,the shells having been first thoroughly cleaned1 fill them about one-third full of the composition1 roll them slowly so as to spread the mixture over the whole interior surface1 and then pour off the residue4 ,this coating should be about one-tenth 7#j4a7 of an inch in thickness1 except at the bottom of the shell1 where it should be about three-quarters of an inch thick4 ,to obtain these thicknesses1 the operation of coating should be performed twice2 then pour into the shell enough of the composition to produce the desired thickness at the bottom1 the shell standing on its base4 ,after the composition is perfectly cool1 immerse the shell in hot water at as high a temperature as the composition will stand without running--about #agj degrees4 ,this second heating of the composition in the bath toughens it1 and causes it to adhere more closely to the shell4 ,,appendix4 ,a4 ,,allowance ,,table ,,of ,,crews4 ,b4 ,,tables ,,of ,,gunnery ,,practice4 ,c4 ,,forms ,,of ,,reports ,,of ,,inspection ,,and ,,of ,,target ,,practice4 ,d4 ,,tables ,,of ,,allowances ,,of ,,ordnance ,,stores4 ,,appendix ,a4 ,,allowance ,,of ,,crews3 ,embracing ,officers and all others to be allowed each ,vessel of the ,navy1 whatever may be her class1 kind1 or armament4 ,the number of men assigned in each case will be found adequate to man properly the battery1 and also the ,powder ,division1 together with the divisions of the ,master and ,surgeon4 ,,directions4 #a4 ,take from ,table ,i41 columns #c or #d 7either or both1 as the case may happen to require71 the number of hands designated for each kind or class of gun the vessel may carry1 and multiply these figures respectively by the number of guns of each kind to which they refer4 ,in this way is to be obtained the aggregate number of hands necessary to man properly the battery itself4 ,call the result ,a4#a #b4 ,then1 in order to get at the additional number of hands necessary to man properly the powder division and the divisions of the ,master and ,surgeon1 which additional number is to be called ,b1 multiply ,a by the decimal-- ,,sailing ,,vessels4 4#be for a sailing vessel carrying on #c decks from #gd to #ij guns4 4#bi for a sailing vessel carrying on #b decks from #cf to #fj guns4 4#cd for a sailing vessel carrying on #a or #b decks from #bj to #bf guns4 4#cf for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #af to #bj guns medium of calibre4 4#fj for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #ad to #ah guns light of calibre4 4#cd for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #i to #g guns heaviest of calibre4 4#dj for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #f to #e guns heaviest of calibre4 4#ej for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #d to #c guns heaviest of calibre4 4#gj for a sailing vessel carrying on #a decks from #b to #a guns heaviest of calibre4 ,,steamers4 4#be for a steamer carrying on #b decks from #cf to #fj guns1 with broadside-guns on upper deck lighter than those on the other4 4#bb for a steamer carrying on #b decks from #cf to #fj guns1 with broadside-guns on upper deck as heavy as those on the other4 4#cd for all other steamers1 including iron-clads4 ,in the case of a sailing vessel1 about one-third of ,b will be the proportion of hands to be taken for the ,master's division1 and the rest1 less those for the ,surgeon's division 7which is to be composed of the surgeon's steward and the nurses allowed71 will be the number for the powder division4 ,and1 too1 in the case of a steamer of any kind1 about one-third of ,b will also be the proportion of hands to be taken for the ,master's division2 but the rest1 less those just mentioned for the ,surgeon's division1 is to be increased by one-third of the number of firemen and coal-heavers allowed1 to constitute the powder division4 ,it is to be borne in mind that the powder division is always to command a preference over the master's1 on the score of being sufficiently manned4 #c4 ,add ,a and ,b together1 and call their sum ,c4 #d4 ,to ascertain how many of the whole number of ,c are to be petty officers1 c41 consult ,table ,,ii4 #e4 ,one-sixth part of the whole number of ,c will give the number of seamen4 #f4 ,one-fourth part of the whole number of ,c will give the number of ordinary seamen4 #g4 ,one-fortieth part of the whole number of ,c will give the number of musicians 7exclusive of the master of the band71 when musicians are allowed1 which is to be only to ships-of-the-line1 frigates1 and flag vessels having a totality of crew amounting to not less than #cej souls4#b #h4 ,the total number of petty officers1 c41 seamen1 ordinary seamen1 and musicians1 deducted from the whole number of ,c1 will give the number of landsmen and boys4 #i4 ,the number of hands1 in addition to the whole number of ,c1 to serve as firemen and coal-heavers1 when these are required1 is to be ascertained by the annexed rule relating to the subject4 #aj4 ,for the number and grades of officers1 consult ,table ,,iii4 #aa4 ,for the number and grades of marines1 consult ,table ,,iv4 #ab4 ,an admiral of any grade1 when appointed as the commander-in-chief of a fleet or squadron1 is authorized to nominate to the ,navy ,department an officer not below the grade of a commander to serve as the head of his staff1 or as the captain of the fleet1 and to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her established complement4 #ac4 ,every officer appointed to the command of a fleet or squadron is authorized to nominate to the ,navy ,department an officer not higher in grade than a lieutenant1 nor lower than an ensign1 to serve as his flag lieutenant1 or aid1 and to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag or broad pennant in addition to her established complement4 #ad4 ,an admiral of any grade1 appointed the commander-in-chief of a fleet or squadron1 is to be allowed two seamen and two ordinary seamen1 to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her established complement4 #ae4 ,every other officer appointed to the command of a fleet or squadron is to be allowed one seaman and two ordinary seamen1 to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his broad pennant in addition to her established complement4 #af4 ,the number of men in any rating1 as above directed1 is not to be exceeded1 in any case1 without the authority of the ,secretary of the ,navy1 unless it be to make good deficiencies in superior ratings2 and vessels1 in time of peace1 when otherwise ready for sea1 are not to be detained on account of deficiencies in their complements1 if the whole number of petty officers and persons of inferior rating be equal to nine-tenths of the number allowed as their crews4 #ag4 ,the total number of a crew1 as allowed above1 is never to be exceeded without the express direction or sanction of the ,secretary of the ,navy4 #ah4 ,complements will be designated by the ,navy ,department for receiving vessels1 practice vessels1 apprentice vessels1 store and supply vessels1 and for any others intended for special or peculiar service4 ,,table ,i4 ,,showing ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,hands 7powder-man or boy included7 ,,applicable ,,to ,,various ,,kinds ,,of ,,guns ,,in ,,use1 ,,to ,,serve ,,as ,a ,,basis ,,to ,,determine ,,the ,,number ,,to ,,compose ,a ,,vessel',s ,,crew1 ,,exclusive ,,of ,,officers1 ,,marines1 ,,firemen1 ,,and ,,coal-,,heavers4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,kind ,,or ,,class ,,of ,,gun4 ,b3 ,,weight ,,of ,,gun1 ,,in ,,pounds1 ,,or ,,cwt41 ,,when ,,so ,,expressed4 ,c3 ,gun1 when a pivot1 or used singly4 ,d3 ,gun of both broadsides4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,number ,,of ,,hands ,,for ,,each-- ------------ ,a ,b ,,notices4 ,c ,d -------------------------------- ------------ ,col4 ,col4 ,col4 ,col4 #a #b4 #c4 #d4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,in turrets of an iron-clad1 ,,xv-inch #db1jjj and on carriage requiring #bj 99 ,,xi-inch or but ten hands for a ,,xv-inch #aej-pounder #af1jjj to #ag1jjj and seven for an ,,xi-inch1 #ad 99 powdermen included4 ,,xi-inch or ,elsewhere than in said #aej-pounder #af1jjj to #ag1jjj turrets4 #be #ab4e ,x-inch or #fd-pounder #ab1jjj #ba #aj4e ,,ix-inch or #ajj-pounder #i1jjj to #aj1jjj #ag #h4e #fj-pounder #e1jjj #aa #e4e #cj-pounder rifle #c1jjj to #d1jjj #i #d4e #bj-pounder rifle #a1fjj to #b1jjj #g #c4e #h-;inch #fc cwt4 ,on lower deck of ship-of-the-line4 #ag #h4e #h-;inch #fc ,elsewhere than on said deck4 #ae #g4e #h-;inch #ef or #f1ejj lbs4 #ac #f4e #cb-pounder #eg ,on lower deck of ship-of-the-line4 #ae #g4e #cb-pounder #eg ,elsewhere than on said deck4 #ac #f4e #cb-pounder #db or #d1ejj lbs4 #aa #e4e #cb-pounder #cc #i #d4e #cb-pounder #bg #g #c4e #bd-pounder howitzer #a1cjj to #a1djj #g #c4e #ab-pounder howitzer #gjj to #hjj #e #b4e ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,note 993 ,these numbers1 #bj and #ad1 give1 intentionally1 double crews4 ,,table ,,ii ,allowance of ,petty ,officers1 and also of others ,,not ,seamen1 ,ordinary ,seamen1 ,landsmen1 ,boys1 ,firemen1 ,coal-heavers1 nor ,musicians1 other than ,master of the ,band1 for ,sailing ,vessels and ,steamers of every description1 including ,iron-clads1 when the amount of ,c is-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ,,than #age ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #gfj ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #a ,col4 #b ,col4 #c ,col4 #d ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,chief ,boatswain's ,mate #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,boatswain's ,mate in charge 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,boatswain's ,mates #e 44 #c #c #b #b #b #b ,chief ,gunner's ,mates #a 44 #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,gunner's ,mates in charge 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,gunner's ,mates #c 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,chief ,quartermasters #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,quartermasters #i 44 #g #g #e #e #c #c ,coxswains #aj 44 #h #h #g #g #f #f ,captains of ,forecastle #d 44 #d #d #b #b #b #b ,captains of ,tops #h 44 #f #f #f #d #d #b ,captains of ,after-,guard #b 44 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,quarter ,gunners #ah 44 #ab #ab #f #f #d #d ,carpenter's ,mates #b 44 #b #b #a #a #a #a ,sailmaker's ,mates #b 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,painters--#ast class #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,painters--#b;d class #a 44 #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,coopers #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,armorers #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,armorer's ,mates #a 44 #a #a 44 #a 44 44 ,captains of ,hold #b 44 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,ship's ,cooks #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,bakers #b 44 #b #b #a #a #a #a ,yeomen #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,master-at-,arms #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,surgeon's ,steward in charge ,when there is no ,medical ,officer provided1 the ,surgeon's ,steward allowed is to become the ,surgeon's ,steward in charge4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ,,than #dj ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #age ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #e ,col4 #f ,col4 #g ,col4 #h ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,chief ,boatswain's ,mate #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,boatswain's ,mate in charge 44 44 44 44 #a #a #a #a ,boatswain's ,mates #b #b #b #b #a #a 44 44 ,chief ,gunner's ,mates 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,gunner's ,mates in charge 44 44 44 44 #a #a #a #a ,gunner's ,mates #a #a #a #a #a #a 44 44 ,chief ,quartermasters #a #a #a #a #a #a 44 44 ,quartermasters #c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c ,coxswains #d #d #d #d #b #b #a #a ,captains of ,forecastle #b #b #b #b #b #b #a 44 ,captains of ,tops #b 44 #b 44 #b 44 #a 44 ,captains of ,after-,guard #b #b #b #b #a #a #a #a ,quarter ,gunners #d #c #c #b #b #b #b #b ,carpenter's ,mates #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,sailmaker's ,mates #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,painters--#ast class #a #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,painters--#b;d class 44 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,coopers #a #a #a #a #a #a 44 44 ,armorers #a #a 44 #a 44 44 44 44 ,armorer's ,mates 44 44 #a 44 44 44 44 44 ,captains of ,hold #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ship's ,cooks #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,bakers #a #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,yeomen #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,master-at-,arms #a #a #a #a #a #a 44 44 ,surgeon's ,steward in charge ,when there is no ,medical ,officer provided1 the ,surgeon's ,steward allowed is to become the ,surgeon's ,steward in charge4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #be ,,than #ab ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #dj ,,than #be ---------------------------------------- --------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #i ,col4 #aj ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,chief ,boatswain's ,mate 44 44 44 44 ,boatswain's ,mate in charge #a #a 44 44 ,boatswain's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,chief ,gunner's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,gunner's ,mates in charge #a #a 44 44 ,gunner's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,chief ,quartermasters 44 44 44 44 ,quartermasters #b #b #a #a ,coxswains #a #a 44 44 ,captains of ,forecastle #a 44 44 44 ,captains of ,tops 44 44 44 44 ,captains of ,after-,guard 44 44 44 44 ,quarter ,gunners #a #a #a #a ,carpenter's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,sailmaker's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,painters--#ast class 44 44 44 44 ,painters--#b;d class 44 44 44 44 ,coopers 44 44 44 44 ,armorers 44 44 44 44 ,armorer's ,mates 44 44 44 44 ,captains of ,hold 44 44 44 44 ,ship's ,cooks #a #a #a #a ,bakers 44 44 44 44 ,yeomen #a #a 44 44 ,master-at-,arms 44 44 44 44 ,surgeon's ,steward in charge ,when there is no ,medical ,officer provided1 the ,surgeon's ,steward allowed is to become the ,surgeon's ,steward in charge4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,table ,,ii4--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ,,than #age ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #gfj ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #a ,col4 #b ,col4 #c ,col4 #d ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,surgeon's ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,paymaster's ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,schoolmasters #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ship's ,writers #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ship's ,corporals #b 44 #b #b #b #b #a #a ,masters of the ,band #a 44 #a #a and one to every other vessel allowed a band4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,stewards to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,cooks to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,cabin ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,cabin ,cooks #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ward-,room ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ward-,room ,cooks #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,steerage ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,steerage ,cooks #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,foreward ,officer's ,stewards #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,foreward ,officer's ,cooks #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,carpenters1 including ,caulkers #ab 44 #aj #aj #h #h #f #f ,nurses #b 44 #b #b #b #b #b #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #ajg 44 #hh #hh #fh #fg #eh #ef ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,note4--,those rankings marked 99 are not ,petty ,officers4 ,iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any ,captains of ,tops4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ,,than #dj ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #age ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #e ,col4 #f ,col4 #g ,col4 #h ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,surgeon's ,stewards #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,paymaster's ,stewards #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,schoolmasters #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ship's ,writers #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ship's ,corporals #a #a 44 44 44 44 #a #a ,masters of the ,band and one to every other vessel allowed a band4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be borne on the books of ,commander-in-,chief the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,cabin ,stewards #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,cabin ,cooks #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ward-,room ,stewards #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,ward-,room ,cooks #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,steerage ,stewards #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,steerage ,cooks #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a 99,foreward ,officer's ,stewards #a #a #a #a 44 44 44 44 99,foreward ,officer's ,cooks #a #a #a #a 44 44 44 44 99,carpenters1 including ,caulkers #d #d #b #b #b #b #a #a ,nurses #b #b #a #a #a #a #a #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #ea #dg #dd #da #ch #cf #cj #bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,note4--,those rankings marked 99 are not ,petty ,officers4 ,iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any ,captains of ,tops4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #be ,,than #ab ,,ratings4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #dj ,,than #be ---------------------------------------- --------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #i ,col4 #aj ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,surgeon's ,stewards #a #a 44 44 ,paymaster's ,stewards #a #a 44 44 ,schoolmasters 44 44 44 44 ,ship's ,writers 44 44 44 44 ,ship's ,corporals #a #a 44 44 ,masters of the ,band and one to every other vessel allowed a band4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be ,commander-in-,chief borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be ,commander-in-,chief borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,coxswains to ,one of each to be ,commander-in-,chief borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her compliment4 ,cabin ,stewards 44 44 44 44 ,cabin ,cooks 44 44 44 44 ,ward-,room ,stewards #a #a 44 44 ,ward-,room ,cooks #a #a 44 44 99,steerage ,stewards 44 44 #a #a 99,steerage ,cooks 44 44 #a #a 99,foreward ,officer's ,stewards 44 44 44 44 99,foreward ,officer's ,cooks 44 44 44 44 99,carpenters1 including ,caulkers #a #a 44 44 ,nurses 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,total #ae #ad #e #e ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,note4--,those rankings marked 99 are not ,petty ,officers4 ,iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any ,captains of ,tops4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,table ,,iii4 ,allowance of ,officers when the amount of ,c is-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ,,than #age ,,grades4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #gfj ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #a ,col4 #b ,col4 #c ,col4 #d ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,commodore #a 44 #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,captain 44 44 44 44 #a #a 44 #a ,commander 44 44 44 44 44 44 #a 44 ,lieut4-,commander #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,lieutenant #b 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,master #c 44 #b #b #a #a #a #a ,ensign #c 44 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,midshipman #ab 44 #h #h #f #f #d #d ,surgeon #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,assistant ,surgeons #c 44 #b #b #b #b #a #a ,paymaster #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,assistant ,paymaster 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,chaplain ,one to each ,flagship4 ,boatswain #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,gunner #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,carpenter #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,sailmaker #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,chief ,engineer 44 44 44 #a 44 #a 44 #a #ast ,assistant ,engineer 44 44 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b #b;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 44 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b #c;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 44 44 #c 44 #b 44 #b ,secretary ,one for each ,commander of a ,squadron4 ,clerk to ,commanding ,officer #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,clerk to ,paymaster #a 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,master's ,mates 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #cc 44 #be #cc #bb #bi #ai #bf to to to to to #ce #bg #ce #bd #ca ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ,,than #dj ,,grades4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #age ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #e ,col4 #f ,col4 #g ,col4 #h ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,commodore 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,captain 44 #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,commander #a 44 44 #a 44 #a 44 44 ,lieut4-,commander #a #a #a 44 #a 44 #a #a ,lieutenant #a #a 44 #a 44 #a 44 44 ,master #a #a #c #b #b #a #a #a ,ensign #b #b #b #b #c #c #d #d ,midshipman #d #d #d #d 44 44 44 44 ,surgeon #a #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,assistant ,surgeons #a #a #b #b #a #a #a #a ,paymaster #a #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,assistant ,paymaster 44 44 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,chaplain ,boatswain #a #a #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,gunner #a #a #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,carpenter #a #a #a #a 44 44 44 44 ,sailmaker #a #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,chief ,engineer 44 #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ast ,assistant ,engineer 44 #a 44 #b 44 #a 44 #a #b;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b #c;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b 44 #b ,secretary ,clerk to ,commanding ,officer #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,clerk to ,paymaster 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,master's ,mates 44 44 44 44 #c #c #b #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #ah #bd #ag #bc #ab #ag #aa #af ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #be ,,than #ab ,,grades4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #dj ,,than #be ---------------------------------------- --------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #i ,col4 #aj ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,tugs4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,commodore 44 44 44 44 ,captain 44 44 44 44 ,commander 44 44 44 44 ,lieut4-,commander #a #a 44 44 ,lieutenant 44 44 44 44 ,master #a #a 44 #a ,ensign #c #c #a 44 ,midshipman 44 44 44 44 ,surgeon 44 44 44 44 ,assistant ,surgeons #a #a 44 44 ,paymaster 44 44 44 44 ,assistant ,paymaster #a #a 44 44 ,chaplain ,boatswain 44 44 44 44 ,gunner 44 44 44 44 ,carpenter 44 44 44 44 ,sailmaker 44 44 44 44 ,chief ,engineer 44 44 44 44 #ast ,assistant ,engineer 44 #a 44 44 #b;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 #a 44 #a #c;d ,assistant ,engineer 44 #b 44 #b ,secretary ,clerk to ,commanding ,officer #a #a 44 44 ,clerk to ,paymaster 44 44 44 44 ,master's ,mates #b #b #a #a ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,total #aj #ad #b #e ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,note4--,iron-clads without ,spars are not to be allowed either ,boatswains or ,sailmakers4 ,no ,paymaster or ,assistant ,paymaster shall be allowed a clerk in a vessel having the complement of one hundred and seventy-five persons or less1 excepting in supply steamers and store vessels4 ,,table ,,iv4 ,allowance of ,marines when the amount of ,c is-- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ,,than #age ,,grades4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #gfj ,,than #egj ,,than #cge ,,than #bbe ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #a ,col4 #b ,col4 #c ,col4 #d ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,captain #a #a #a #a ,lieutenants #b #b #a #a #a #a #a #a ,sergeants #c #c #c #c #b #b #b #b ,corporals #d #d #d #d #d #d #c #c ,drummers #b #b #a #a #a #a #a #a ,pipers #b #b #a #a #a #a #a #a ,privates #ej #ej #dj #dj #cj #cj #bj #bj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #fd #fd #ea #ea #ci #ci #bh #bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,not ,,less ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ,,than #dj ,,grades4 ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,nor ,,more ,,than #age ,,than #ajj ,,than #hj ,,than #fj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s4,v4 means a ,sailing ,vessel4 ,col4 #e ,col4 #f ,col4 #g ,col4 #h ,,stmr4 means a ,steamer4 ------------------------------------ ,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4,v4,stmr4,s4, v4,stmr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,captain ,lieutenants #a #a ,sergeants #b #b #b #b #b #b #a #a ,corporals #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,drummers #a #a #a #a #a #a ,pipers #a #a #a #a #a #a ,privates #af #af #ab #ab #aj #aj #h #h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,total #bc #bc #ah #ah #af #af #aa #aa ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,footnotes3 #a ,,note #a4--;,howitzers1 when not really essentials of a battery1 but intended rather as appendages to it for boat and field service1 and for particular occasions1 than to be used as commonly as the other guns of the vessel in general exercises1 or in an engagement1 are not to be included in applying these directions4 ,the marines and available hands of the master's division are to be kept drilled to them1 for the purpose of clearing the deck of an enemy4 #b ,,note #b4--;,if the number of musicians thus derived be even1 one-half of them are to be of the first class1 and one-half of the second class2 otherwise1 the bare majority are to be of the first class1 and the rest of the second4 ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,i4 ,,graduation ,,of ,,sights ,,and ,,mean ,,ranges ,,of ,,united ,,states ,,naval ,,smooth-,,bore ,,guns4 7,from ,results of ,practice1 by ,admiral ,,dahlgren1 ,united ,states ,navy47 ,the graduation commences from the bottom of the head of the bar resting on the sight-box4 ,the aim is supposed to be taken at the water-line of a ship4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #cb-,,pounder ,,of #bg ,,cwt4 #cb-,,pounder ,,of #cc ,,cwt4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,charge #d lbs4 #d-a_/b lbs4 ,axis of bore above load-line #g feet4 #g-a_/b feet4 ,distance between ,old ,model4 ,new ,model4 sights #bi-a_/d #bf-c_/d inches4 inches4 #ca inches4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,elevation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ,,graduation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,degrees4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,level4 #bej #j4cec #j4cbd #bhg #j4cej #a deg4 #ede #j4gdf #j4fhd #eha #j4gib #b deg4 #hjj #a4bff #a4afa #heg #a4cdc #c deg4 #a1jdg #a4hja #a4feb #a1adj #a4iji #d deg4 #a1bgh #b4ccg #b4add #a1cih #b4dgh #e deg4 #a1dfi #b4hgj #b4fcc #a1eih #c4jdd #f deg4 #a1fcg #c4cih #c4aaf 444 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,ii4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #cb-,,pounder ,,of #db ,,cwt4 #cb-,,pounder ,,of #eg ,,cwt4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,charge #f lbs4 #i lbs4 ,axis of bore above load-line #g-a_/b feet4 #h feet4 ,distance between ,old ,model4 ,new ,model4 sights4 #dj4e inches4#cg4a inches4 #db4e inches4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,elevation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ,,graduation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,degrees4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,level4 #cac #j4ddf #j4djh #cfj #j4dab #a deg4 #fgb #a4jaf #j4ica #gfj #a4jdb #b deg4 #ihh #a4gdb #a4eif #a1aej #a4hjh #c deg4 #a1bgd #b4dhh #b4bhj #a1ddj #b4eig #d deg4 #a1eje #c4bce #b4ifd #a1gaj #c4chd #e deg4 #a1gef #c4igd #c4fda #a1icj #d4afb #f deg4 444 444 444 #b1adj #d4icj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,iii4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #h-;,,inch ,,of #ee ,,cwt4 #h-;,,inch ,,of #fc ,,cwt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,charge 444 #g lbs4 #i lbs4 ,shell 444 #ea-a_/b lbs4 #ea-a_/b lbs4 ,axis of bore above load-line 444 #g-a_/b feet4 #h feet4 ,distance between ,old ,model4 ,new ,model4 sights 444 #cg inches #dc4ej inches4 #ch4bj inches4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,elevation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ,,range4 ,,graduation4 ,,graduation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,degrees4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,inches4 ,level4 #bhc #j4dbi #ccj #j4dfj #j4djb #a deg4 #egi #j4idi #ffj #a4ajj #j4ifd #b deg4 #hfi #a4fjc #igj #a4hgh #a4fdg #c deg4 #a1adh #b4bhj #a1bfj #b4fgh #b4cej #d deg4 #a1dac #b4ieh #a1edj #c4dgh #c4jea #e deg4 #a1feg #c4fcb #a1ggj #d4bgc #c4gdi #f deg4 #a1hff #d4cjj 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,iv4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ix-,,inch ,,xi-,,inch ,,xi-,,inch ,,shell-,,gun4 ,,shell-,,gun4 ,,shell-,,gun4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,charge #aj lbs4 #ae lbs4 #ae lbs4 ,shell #gb lbs4 #ace lbs4 #ace lbs4 ,axis of bore #aj feet4 #aj feet4 #bj feet4 above load-line ,screw-sloops4 #b;d deck above water4 ,distance between sights #ci inches4 #dh inches4 #dh inches4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,elevation ,,range ,,graduation,,range ,,graduation,,range ,,graduation ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,degrees4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,yards4 ,inches4 ,level4 #cdj #j4dfa #cjf #j4fjj #dbj #j4hg 444 #gjj #j4ihc #ejj #j4ide #gjj #a4dh 444 #ijj #a4ead #gjj #a4ddb #ijj #b4ja 444 #a1ajj #b4jgc #ijj #b4jdj #a1ajj #b4fb 444 #a1cjj #b4fdf #a1ajj #b4fea #a1cjj #c4be 444 #a1ejj #c4bbb #a1cjj #c4bie #a1ejj #d4ib 444 #a1gjj #c4hac #a1ejj #c4iec 444 444 444 444 444 #a1gjj #d4fha 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,v4--,approximate ,ranges of ,shell-,guns4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ,,weight ,,height-------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,of ,,charge1,,above ,p4,b4 ,,gun4 ,,projectile4,,projectile4 lbs4 ,,plane4or #j deg4 #a deg4 #b deg4 #c deg4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,xv-inch ,cored shot #djj 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shell #cej #ce 444 #cjj #fbj #ibja1bjj #a4i #c4g ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,xi-inch ,shell #acf #ae #aj #cjf #fca #iaha1bjh 4#hd #a4gb #b4h #c4hh ,shell #acf #ae #bj #dba #fgi #iiba1beg #a4af #a4if #c4 #c4id ,shell #acf #bj #aj #daj #ffea1jjja1cdj #a4i #d4a ,shrapnel #ada #ae #aj #bie #fbj #iaja1bjj 4#h #a4g #b4g #c4g ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,x-inch ,shell #ajc #ab-a_/b #aa #cdj #gje #igja1bcj 4#a #b4 #b4i #c4i ,shrapnel #aja #ab-a_/b 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,ix-inch ,shell #gb-a_/b #aj #aj-c_/d #ccb #gah #ifba1bah 4#i #a4if #c4 #d4 ,shell #gb-a_/b #ac 444 #cej #gdj #ihja1bge 4#a #b4jh #b4hd #d4jd ,shrapnel #ge #aj 444 #ccb #gah #ifja1bae 4#h #a4i #b4i #d4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #h-;inch1 ,shell #ea-a_/b #i #h #ccj #ffj #igja1bfj #fc-;cwt4 4#h #a4hi #c4jg #d4cd ,shrapnel #eb #i 444 #cdj #fgj #ihja1bgj 4#i #a4h #c4 #d4b ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #h-;inch1 ,shell #ea-a_/b #g #g-a_/b #bhc #egi #hfia1adh #ee-;cwt4 4#h #a4g #b4i #c4ge and ,shrapnel #eb #g 444 #bij #eij #hhja1afj of #f1ejj lbs 4#h #a4f #b4h #c4i ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ---------------------------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,gun4 ,,projectile4 #d deg4 #e deg4 #f deg4 #g deg4 #h deg4 #i deg4 #aj deg4 #aa deg4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,xv-inch ,cored shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shell #a1dgja1gjja1ijjb1ajj 444 444 444 444 #d4c #e4g #f4e #g4g ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,xi-inch ,shell #a1dgba1gaba1iadb1ajeb1cjjb1ejjb1fhgb1hg j #d4i #e4ha #f4gd #aj4b #aa4gj ,shell #a1ebda1gega1iejb1adj 444 444 444 444 #d4ii #f4jd ,shell #a1ffja1igeb1beeb1dijb1fijb1hgjc1jbec1ag j #h4f #aj4b #aa4h ,shrapnel #a1dfea1gaj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4g #e4f ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,x-inch ,shell #a1dija1gdja1ifjb1bajb1dcjb1fdjb1hdjc1jj j #d4i #e4h #f4g #h4e #aj4a ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,ix-inch ,shell #a1dgaa1gaja1iccb1accb1cadb1dhdb1fddb1gh h #e4a #e4if #h4 #h4f #aa4e #ab4i ,shell #a1ebja1geja1ihjb1bjjb1cieb1ehjb1gejb1ia j #e4bj #f4bd #g4af #h4cf ,shrapnel #a1dgja1fij 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4 #e4i ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #h-;inch1 ,shell #a1edja1ggj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #fc-;cwt #e4cb #f4cb ,shrapnel #a1eeja1gge 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4b #f4b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #h-;inch1 ,shell #a1daca1fega1hff 444 #b1cae 444 #b1fjj 444 #ee-;cwt4 #d4gh #e4hb #f4ij #i4gj and ,shrapnel #a1dbja1ffj 444 444 444 444 444 444 of #f1ejj lbs #d4i #e4h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class -------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,gun4 ,,projectile4 #ab deg4 #ac deg4 #ad deg4 #ae deg4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,xv-inch ,cored shot 444 444 444 444 ,shell 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,xi-inch ,shell #c1jbbc1afjc1cjjc1djj #ab4ae ,shell 444 444 444 444 ,shell #c1cjec1dcec1eejc1fej #ad4 #af4e ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- ,x-inch ,shell 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,ix-inch ,shell #b1ibgc1jdec1aijc1ceg #ac4e #ad4g ,shell #c1jeec1aijc1cbjc1dej ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #h-;inch1 ,shell 444 444 444 444 #fc-;cwt4 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #h-;inch1 ,shell 444 444 444 444 #ee-;cwt4 and ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 of #f1ejj lbs ---------------------------------------- --- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,vi4--,approximate ,ranges of ,shot-,guns and ,howitzers4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ,,weight ,,height-------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,of ,,charge,,above ,p4,b4 ,,gun4 ,,projectile ,,projectile ,,plane4or #j deg4 #a deg4 #b deg4 #c deg4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #cb #i #h #cfj #gfj #a1aeja1ddj of #a4j #b4b #c4d #d4c #eg cwt4 ,shell #bf #f 444 #cgj #ghj #a1jija1cfj #a4jd #b4jj #c4ad #d4bj ,shrapnel #cb #i 444 #cfj #gfj #a1aeja4ddj #a4j #b4b #c4d #d4c ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #cb #f #g-a_/b #cac #fgb #ihh #a1bgd of #db cwt4 4#ij #b4j #c4j #d4j and of ,shell #bf #f 444 #ccj #gaj #a1jaba1bgj #d1ejj lbs4 4#ij #a4ij #c4je #d4ae ,shrapnel #cb #f 444 #cac #fgb #ihh #a1bgd 4#h #a4h #b4h #c4h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #cb #d-a_/b #g-a_/b #bhg #eha #heg #a1adj of #cc cwt4 ,shot #cb #d-a_/bae-a_/c #cff #fee #ibi #a1aeb #a4a #b4 #b4i #c4i ,shell #bf #d-a_/b #g-a_/b #bie #ffj #ieb #a1bje 4#ij #a4he #b4he #c4he ,shrapnel #cb #d-a_/b #g-a_/b #big #eha #heg #a1adj #a4 #a4h #b4g #c4h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #cb #d #g #bej #ede #hjj #a4jdg of #bg cwt4 4#g #a4d #b4f #c4g ,shell #bf #d 444 #cbj #ffj #ibj #a1abj #a4 #a4ie #b4ij #c4he ,shrapnel #cb #d 444 #bej #ede #hjj #a1jdg 4#g #a4d #b4f #c4g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #bd-pdr4 ,shell #bj #b #g #bhj #eij #haj #ihj howitzer4 4#ij #a4hj #b4ge #c4fe ,shrapnel #bf #b 444 #bee #eee #gij #ifj 4#if #a4ib #b4hg #c4hj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #ab-pdr4 ,shell #aj #a #g #bgj #eaf #gcj #hge heavy #a4j #a4fe #b4ce #c4a howitzer4 ,shrapnel #ac #a 444 #bej #ejj #gjj #hgj #a4 #a4i #b4h #c4g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ---------------------------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,gun4 ,,projectile #d deg4 #e deg4 #f deg4 #g deg4 #h deg4 #i deg4 #aj deg4 #aa deg4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #a1gaja1icjb1adjb1cajb1dfjb1fajb1gca 444 of #e4c #f4f #g4g #aj4g #eg cwt4 ,shell #a1fbja1hej 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4cj #f4dj ,shrapnel #a1gaja1icj 444 444 444 444 #b1fai 444 #e4c #f4f #aj4h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #a1ejea1gef 444 444 444 444 444 444 of #db cwt4 #e4j #f4j and of ,shell #a1diea1gaj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d1ejj lbs4 #e4cb #f4ej ,shrapnel #a1ejea1gef 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4h #e4h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #a1ciha1eih 444 444 444 444 444 444 of #cc cwt4 #a1che 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shot #d4i #a1dcea1fdh 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shell #d4ij #f4jj #a1ciha1eih 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel #d4i #f4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #cb-pdr4 ,shot #a1bgha1dfia1fcg 444 444 444 444 444 of #bg cwt4 #d4e #e4d #f4c ,shell #a1cjja1dfja1faj 444 444 444 444 444 #d4hj #e4ge #f4g ,shrapnel #a1bgha1dfia1fcg 444 444 444 444 444 #d4e #e4d #f4c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #bd-pdr4 ,shell #a1abea1bgj 444 444 444 444 444 444 howitzer4 #d4fc #e4fh ,shrapnel #a4adja1cjh 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4ge #e4gj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #ab-pdr4 ,shell #iij #a1jhe 444 444 444 444 444 444 heavy #c4i #d4h howitzer4 ,shrapnel #a1jaea1aej 444 444 444 444 444 444 #d4f #e4d ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class -------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,gun4 ,,projectile #ab deg4 #ac deg4 #ad deg4 #ae deg4 ---------------------------------------- --- #cb-pdr4 ,shot 444 444 444 444 of #eg cwt4 ,shell 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #cb-pdr4 ,shot 444 444 444 444 of #db cwt4 and of ,shell 444 444 444 444 #d1ejj lbs4 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #cb-pdr4 ,shot 444 444 444 444 of #cc cwt4 444 444 444 444 ,shot 444 444 444 444 ,shell 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel ---------------------------------------- --- #cb-pdr4 ,shot 444 444 444 444 of #bg cwt4 ,shell 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #bd-pdr4 ,shell 444 444 444 444 howitzer4 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- #ab-pdr4 ,shell 444 444 444 444 heavy howitzer4 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,vii4--,approximate ,ranges of ,rifle-,guns4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ,,weight ,,height-------------------- ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,of ,,charge1,,above ,p4,b4 ,,gun4 ,,projectile ,,projectile lbs4 ,,plane4or #j deg4 #a deg4 #b deg4 #c deg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,no4 #g ,parrott-- ,solid shot #ajj #aj 444 444 444 444 444 #ajj-pounder ,hollow shot #hj #aj 444 444 444 444 444 ,long shot #ajj #aj 444 444 #ejj #ibj #a1djj #d-a_/d ,short shot #hj #aj 444 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,parrott-- ,shot #fj #f 444 444 444 444 444 #fj-pounder ,shell #ej 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,can4 ,parrott-- ,shell #bi #c-a_/d 444 444 #ffj #a1ajja1ejj #cj-pounder ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,can4 ,parrott-- ,shell #ai #b 444 444 #fjj #a1jbja1cfe #bj-pounder ,can4 ,shrapnel #bj #b 444 444 #fbj #iej 444 ,can4 #a-g_/hc-a_/h ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,dahlgren-- ,shot 444 #b 444 444 444 444 444 #bj-pounder ,shell #bj #b #h #cgj #hae #a1aeea1ddj #a4d #b4d #c4d #d4e ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,can4 ,dahlgren-- ,shot 444 #a 444 444 444 444 444 #ab-pounder ,shell #ab #a #h #cfj #gej #a1jeja1cje #a4j #b4j #c4j #d4j ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,elevation ,,in ,,degrees4 ,,ranges ,,in ,,yards4 ,,time ,,of ,,flight ,,in ,,seconds4 ,,class ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,of ,,kind ,,of ,,gun4 ,,projectile #d deg4 #e deg4 #aj deg4 #ae deg4 #bj deg4 #be deg4 #cj deg4 #ce deg4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,parrott-- ,solid shot 444 #b1bjjc1haj #e1jcj #f1abef1iaj 444 444 #ajj-pounder #f-a_/b #ac #ah-a_/dbb-a_/b #bi ,hollow shot 444 444 444 #e1aij #f1cch #g1ahj #g1ihh #h1dec #ai #bc #bi-a_/bcb-a_/dcf-a_/d ,long shot #a1gjjb1aejc1gjj #d1gij #e1hcj #f1hbj 444 444 #e-a_/bf-a_/b #ac #ah #ba-c_/d #bh ,short shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 #g1haj 444 #cb-a_/b ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,parrott-- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #fj-pounder ,shell 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,parrott-- ,shell #a1hfjb1bjjc1ejj #d1hjje1gjj #f1gjj 444 444 #cj-pounder #f-g_/hab-a_/dag-e_/hba-a_/d #bg ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ,parrott-- ,shell #a1gjjb1ajjc1cej #d1djj 444 444 444 444 #bj-pounder #f-a_/baa-a_/dag-a_/d ,shrapnel 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,dahlgren-- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #bj-pounder ,shell #a1gaea1ifj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4e #f4e ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,dahlgren-- ,shot 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 #ab-pounder ,shell #a1eeja1ggj 444 444 444 444 444 444 #e4j #f4j ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,viii4 ,table for ,finding the ,distance of an ,object at ,sea4#a ,to use the ,table1 let an observer from the cross-trees measure the angle between the distant horizon and the enemy's water-line1 and look into the ,table with that angle2 opposite to it1 in the column marked distances1 will be found the distance of the object in yards4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,yards4 ,,height ,,of ,,the ,,eye ,,above ,,the ,,level ,,of ,,the ,,sea1 ,,in ,,feet4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,distance4 #bj #cj #dj #ej #fj #gj #hj #ij #ajj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' deg4 ' #ajj #c4dd #e4cg #g4bi #i4ba #aa4aa #ac4jj #ad4dg #af4cd #ah4af #bjj #a4ej #b4df #c4dc #d4ci #e4ce #f4ca #g4bg #h4bc #i4ah #cjj #a4ab #a4di #b4bf #c4jd #c4da #d4ai #d4ef #e4cc #f4aa #djj 4#eb #a4ba #a4dh #b4af #b4dd #c4ab #c4dj #d4jc #d4cf #ejj 4#da #a4jc #a4be #a4dh #b4aj #b4cb #b4ed #c4ag #c4ci #fjj 4#cd 4#eb #a4aj #a4bi #a4dg #b4je #b4bd #b4db #c4ja #gjj 4#bh 4#dd #a4ja #a4ae #a4ca #a4df #b4ja #b4ah #b4cd #hjj 4#bd 4#ch 4#ea #a4je #a4ah #a4cb #a4df #b4jj #b4ac #ijj 4#ba 4#cc 4#de 4#eg #a4ji #a4bb #a4cc #a4de #a4eg #ajjj 4#ah 4#bi 4#dj 4#ej #a4ja #a4ab #a4bc #a4cd #a4de #aajj 4#af 4#bf 4#ce 4#de 4#ee #a4je #a4ae #a4bd #a4cd #abjj 4#ae 4#bc 4#cb 4#da 4#ej 4#ei #a4jh #a4ag #a4bf #acjj 4#ac 4#ba 4#bi 4#cg 4#de 4#ec #a4jb #a4aj #a4ah #adjj 4#ab 4#ai 4#bg 4#cd 4#da 4#di 4#eg #a4jd #a4ab #aejj 4#aa 4#ah 4#bd 4#ca 4#ch 4#de 4#eb 4#ei #a4jg #afjj 4#aj 4#af 4#bb 4#bi 4#ce 4#db 4#dh 4#ee #a4jb #agjj 4#ji 4#ae 4#ba 4#bg 4#cc 4#ci 4#de 4#ea 4#eh #ahjj 4#jh 4#ad 4#ai 4#be 4#ca 4#cf 4#db 4#dh 4#ed #aijj 4#jh 4#ac 4#ah 4#bc 4#bi 4#cd 4#ci 4#de 4#ej #bjjj 4#jg 4#ab 4#ag 4#bb 4#bg 4#cb 4#cg 4#db 4#dg #bajj 4#jf 4#aa 4#af 4#bj 4#be 4#cj 4#ce 4#dj 4#de #bbjj 4#jf 4#aj 4#ae 4#ai 4#bd 4#bh 4#cc 4#ch 4#db #bcjj 4#je 4#aj 4#ad 4#ah 4#bb 4#bg 4#ca 4#cf 4#dj #bdjj 4#je 4#ji 4#ac 4#ag 4#ba 4#be 4#bi 4#cd 4#ch #bejj 4#je 4#jh 4#ab 4#af 4#bj 4#bd 4#bh 4#cb 4#cf ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,no correct use of this ,table can be made when the proximity of land may interfere with the distance of the horizon4 ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,ix4 ,,report ,,of ,,target ,,practice ,,with ,,great ,,guns ,,on ,,board ,u4,s4,s4 1 ,,commanding1 ,,made ,,this ,,day ,,of #ah 1 ,,at 4 ,,armament ,,key3 ,column ,a3 ,,kind ,,of ,,projectile4 ,column ,b3 ,,distance ,,of ,,target1 ,,in ,,yards4 ,column ,c3 ,,calibre ,,of ,,gun4 ,column ,d3 ,,class ,,of ,,gun4 ,column ,e3 ,,charge ,,of ,,powder4 ,column ,f3 ,,number ,,of ,,fires4 ,column ,g3 ,,length ,,of ,,fuze1 ,,in ,,seconds ,,of ,,time4 ,column ,h3 ,,elevation ,,of ,,gun1 ,,for ,,yards4 ,column ,j3 ,no4 of ,hits4 ,column ,k3 ,short of ,target4 ,column ,l3 ,beyond ,target4 ,column ,m3 ,right of ,target4 ,column ,n3 ,left of ,target4 ,column ,o3 ,at or near ,proper ,time4 ,column ,p3 ,too soon4 ,column ,q3 ,how much too soon4 ,column ,r3 ,not at all4 ,s3 ,no4 ,patches of ,fuzed returned4 ,t3 ,range sufficient to burn ,fuzes4 ,u3 ,range not sufficient to burn ,fuzes4 ,v3 ,no4 ,,fires ,,direct4 ,w3 ,no4 ,,fires ,,ricochet4 ,transcriber's note3 table is two pages wide ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,fall ,,of ,,projectile4 ,,bursting ,,of ,,shells4 --------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ---------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,shells ,,not ,n4,b4--,each kind of projectile1 distance ,,burst4 of target 7measured or estimated71 --------- class of gun1 and charge of powder require a separate line across the page4 ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,,remarks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,report ,,of ,,target ,,practice ,,with ,,small-,,arms ,,on ,,board ,,the ,u4,s4,s4 ------------1-------------- ,,commanding1 ,,made ,,this-------,,day ,,of--------1 #ah--1 ,,at---------4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,,distance ,,of ,,target1 ,,in ,,yards4 ,b3 ,,size ,,of ,,target1 ,,in ,,feet 7,,say #f ,,by #a-a_/b ,,feet7 ,c3 ,number ,fired4 ,d3 ,number ,shot in each ,volley4 ,e3 ,number of ,hits4 ,f3 ,no4 within #f inches of ,centre of ,bull's-,eye4 ,g3 ,,whole ,,shots ,,fired4 ,h3 ,,kind ,,of ,,ball ,,used4 ,i3 ,,charges ,,of ,,powder4 ,,single ,,shots ,,kind ,,of ,,arm ,,used4 ,a ,b ,,with ,,deliberate ,,volleys ,,at 7,each kind ,,aim ,,order ,,fire ,g ,h ,i requires a --------------------------- separate line47 ,c ,e ,f ,c ,d ,e ,f ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,remarks on each kind of arm used1 and the general results of practice2 names of those who made the best average of shots2 ,officers whose divisions fired best4 ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,x4 ,it being of great importance to know the endurance of guns in service1 ,commanding ,officers are directed to fill up the blanks of the annexed ,circular issued by the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 ,november #e1 #ahfc1 as far as in their power1 and forward it to the ,bureau at the expiration of every quarter4 ,when the total number of fires to date cannot be ascertained1 the number since the vessel has been in commission is to be stated4 ,column ,a4 ,class of ,gun ,column ,b4 ,register ,no4 ,column ,c4 ,foundry ,column ,d4 ,date of ,fabrication ,column ,e4 ,charge of ,powder ,column ,f4 ,shot ,column ,g4 ,shell ,column ,h4 ,shrapnel ,column ,i4 ,grape ,column ,j4 ,canister ,column ,k4 ,no4 of ,fires ,during ,quarter ,column ,l4 ,total ,no4 of ,fires to ,date ,,name ,,of ,,vessel4 ,,station4 ---------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------1 #ahf-4 --------------1 ,commander4 ,the object of this circular is to enable the ,bureau to know1 at all times1 how many rounds have been fired from every gun in the service2 and the following directions are to be observed in making the quarterly return of firing3 ,,class ,,of ,,gun4--,under this head give the kind of gun2 if rifled1 state it2 and if a #cb-pounder or #h-;inch1 give the weight4 ,it is not necessary to give the position of the gun in the vessel4 ,,register ,,no4--,be careful to give the register number correctly1 as this is most important4 ,,foundry1--,under this head give the initials on the base-ring4 ,date of fabrication will be found on the right trunnion4 ,charge of powder in pounds4 ,projectiles to be entered under their appropriate heads in the blank4 ,kind of fuze to be stated4 ,number of fires during quarter1 must be given for each gun separately4 ,total number of fires to date1 must include all rounds fired from each gun separately2 and each succeeding quarterly report must have the total number of fires to date from the report next preceding 7a copy of which is always to be kept on board the vessel7 brought forward1 added to the total for the quarter1 and the aggregate placed in the last column4 ,the ,bureau often receives reports with the last column left blank1 or with not known written therein4 ,reports sent in this way are of no value whatever to the ,bureau4 ,if a record of the total number of fires of any gun has not been kept1 or if it cannot be ascertained from the ,log1 then vent-impressions of such gun are to be taken2 and the ,commanding ,officer must determine1 as nearly as possible1 judging from these impressions1 the total number of fires1 and enter the same on his return4 7,see ,,ordnance ,,instructions1 ,part ,,iii47 ,the ,bureau expects that all ,commanding ,officers will1 in future1 have this return carefully made out2 and that they will not sign or forward one of them without first being satisfied of its correctness4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,by ,lieutenant ,w4,p4 ,buckner1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,see a pamphlet ,on the ,determination of ,distances at ,sea1 by ,captain ,a4,p4 ,ryder1 ,r4,n41 for more extended tables of this and other methods4 ,,appendix ,c4--,no4 ,i4 ,,report ,,of ,,an ,,inspection ,of the ,u4,s4-----------1 -------------- ,commanding1 made by -----------1 this -------- day of ---------1 #ahf-1 at --------------------4 ,,armament4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,these inspections are required to be made of each vessel--when first commissioned and before proceeding to sea1 chiefly with reference to the completeness of her equipment and the proper stationing of her crew2 semi-annually during the cruise2 and at the end of it1 before being paid off4 ,as a general rule1 the first and last inspections are not to take place alongside of the ,navy ,yard1 but in the stream4 #a4 ,what time has the vessel been in commission1 and what opportunities has she had for exercise and target practice8 #b4 ,date of last inspection8 #c4 ,date of last target practice8 #d4 ,hours4 ,minutes4 ,gun ,divisions4 ,times #ast1 commanded by in which #bnd1 each #crd1 division #dth1 reported #eth1 etc4 ready ,master's for ,powder action4 ,engineer ,marine #e4 ,were all the divisions properly prepared8 ,if not1 state what divisions were found defective1 in what particulars1 and from what causes4 ,include in the answer to this question the condition of division-boxes1 spare implements1 and equipments1 and their readiness for use4 #f4 ,are the men well skilled in the exercise of the great guns1 including working both sides at once1 and in pointing and firing8 #g4 ,time required to dismount1 shift carriage1 remount1 load1 and run out any broadside-gun selected by the ,inspecting ,officer4 ,state its position and weight4 #h4 ,time required to transport a gun from one side to the other1 and back1 giving numbers of ports and weight of gun4 #i4 ,time required to shift breechings1 trucks1 and tackles4 #aj4 ,have the prescribed arrangements been correctly made for supplying the batteries with powder and projectiles2 are the men properly stationed for these purposes1 and are they expert in the performance of these duties8 ,is the supply ample1 and without confusion of charges8 #aa4 ,condition of magazines1 shell-rooms1 shot-lockers1 and lighting apparatus4 #ab4 ,are the men well trained in securing masts and spars1 stoppering rigging1 and repairing injuries to the steering apparatus1 and in getting springs on the cables8 ,state the time required to perform efficiently the most important of these operations2 for instance3 ,bowsprit shot away1 to secure foremast2 ,port main rigging and main stays disabled1 to secure mainmast2 ,to fish a lower mast and yard2 ,steering apparatus disabled1 what means of repairs or substitutes prepared4 #ac4 ,are the prescribed arrangements for stopping shot-holes complete1 and the men well trained to that duty8 #ad4 ,are the arrangements for boarding and repelling boarders efficient8 ,note the time required to assemble each division properly armed4 ,are the boarders and others well trained in the use of the single-stick or broadsword8 #ae4 ,is the whole crew well trained in the use of small-arms1 and in company and battalion drill8 ,if not1 state the reasons assigned4 ,state also the condition of the armory1 small-arms1 and their ammunition4 #af4 ,what is the state of the equipment and preparation of boats for armed service8 ,if defective1 in what particulars and for what assigned reasons8 #ag4 ,times from the call ,,arm ,,and ,,away to the shoving off of each boat4 ,time to form a line abreast4 ,time required for other evolutions4 ,time required to land small-arm men1 from the signal or order given when near the shore4 ,time to land howitzers1 specifying their weights4 ,time to embark them2 to shift from bow to stern4 ,time to load properly and fire safely three rounds4 ,are the crews expert in these points8 #ah4 ,are the arrangements and apparatus for extinguishing fire efficient8 ,if not1 state deficiencies and their causes4 ,times required to get the several streams of water to the designated point2 time required for complete readiness4 #ai4 ,have the ,,ordnance ,,instructions been fully complied with in this ship8 ,state exceptions and reasons assigned1 if any4 #bj4 ,general condition of the vessel in point of armament1 carriages1 and other ordnance equipments1 and of the crew as to efficiency for action1 stating particular exceptions1 if any1 and what remedies have been suggested or applied4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,order4 ,,navy ,,department1 ,april #e1 #ahfa4 ,flag ,officers are required to hold the semi-annual inspection of each vessel under their command1 according to the foregoing form given in ,appendix ,c1 ,no4 #a1 ,,ordnance ,,instructions4 ,commanding ,officers of vessels acting singly will hold the same general inspection1 and in either case1 the reports will be forwarded to the ,bureau of ,ordnance by the first favorable opportunity after the inspection has taken place4 ,,gideon ,,welles1 ,secretary of the ,navy4 ,,appendix ,c4--,no4 ,,ii4 ,,form ,,of ,,reports ,,of ,,target ,,practice4 ,,questions ,,to ,,be ,,answered ,,at ,,length ,,in ,,the ,,remarks ,,on ,,target ,,practice1 ,,in ,,addition ,,to ,,filling ,,the ,,tables4 ,,appendix ,b4--,no4 ,,ix4 ,was the ship at anchor or under way8 ,under what sail8 ,water rough or smooth8 ,force and direction of wind in reference to line of fire8 ,roll of the ship1 in degrees by pendulum1 during firing8 ,when carrying sail by the wind1 does heel of ship cause the weather or lee guns to wood before they are level8 ,was target to windward or to leeward8 ,how was its distance measured8 ,append sketch of target1 showing its dimensions1 mode of construction1 and materials1 with the hits1 and fall of projectiles around it4 ,the degree of strain on breechings of weather batteries8 ,were the chocking-quoins necessary8 ,probable causes of the failure of the shells to burst8 ,such other remarks as appear important or suggestive of improvement2 such as the best mode of constructing a floating target of #bj by #aj feet 7the size used at the ,experimental ,battery of the ,ordnance ,yard1 ,washington74 ,,appendix ,d4 ,,tables ,,of ,,allowances ,,of ,,ordnance ,,equipments ,,and ,,stores4 ,,note4--,allowances not proportioned to guns or to ships are proportioned to the complements of ,petty ,officers1 ,seamen1 ,ordinary ,seamen1 ,landsmen1 and ,boys1 and must vary with them4 ,the ,armaments are designated by special order of the ,bureau of ,ordnance4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4 ,,ammunition-,,chests #aa ,containing ,canister ,no4 #bg ,containing ,shell ,no4 #ah ,containing ,shrapnel ,no4 #ed ,,boat1 ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 ,one set for each boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,traverses for ,one set for each ,boat-,carriages sets4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,skids for landing sets4 ,one set for each boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,tracks for ,one set for each ,field-,carriages sets4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,wrenches for ,one set for each ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boring-,,bits ,no4 #b ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #bd-pounder and #bj-pounder1 ,no4 #c ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #ab-pounder1 ,two only1 if used field ,no4 #ab only as guns of battery4 ,,boxes1 for spare articles ,no4 #a ,,boxes1 ,caisson1 or ,two to each ,transporting ,no4 -- field-carriage4 ,,boxes1 ,primer ,no4 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4 ,,ammunition-,,chests ,containing ,canister ,no4 ,containing ,shell ,no4 ,containing ,shrapnel ,no4 ,,boat1 ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 ,one set for each boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,traverses for ,one set for each ,boat-,carriages sets4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,skids for landing sets4 ,one set for each boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,tracks for ,one set for each ,field-,carriages sets4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boat1 ,wrenches for ,one set for each ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 boat carrying a gun4 ,,boring-,,bits ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #bd-pounder and #bj-pounder1 ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #ab-pounder1 ,two only1 if used field ,no4 only as guns of battery4 ,,boxes1 for spare articles ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,caisson1 or ,two to each ,transporting ,no4 field-carriage4 ,,boxes1 ,primer ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4 ,,ammunition-,,chests ,containing ,canister ,no4 ,containing ,shell ,no4 ,containing ,shrapnel ,no4 ,,boat1 ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 ,,boat1 ,traverses for ,boat-,carriages sets4 ,,boat1 ,skids for landing sets4 ,,boat1 ,tracks for ,field-,carriages sets4 ,,boat1 ,wrenches for ,pivot-,clamps ,no4 ,,boring-,,bits ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #bd-pounder and #bj-pounder1 ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,,passing1 #ab-pounder1 field ,no4 ,,boxes1 for spare articles ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,caisson1 or ,transporting ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,primer ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,breechings1 for ,broadside #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 #a ,if required4 ,,chargers1 for ,rifle-shells1 copper ,no4 #a ,,chocks1 ,shifting ,no4 #a ,,compressors1 spare1 for ,boat-,guns ,no4 #a ,,dismounting ,,bars ,no4 #a ,,dismounting ,,straps ,no4 #a ,,drag-,,ropes for ,field-,guns ,no4 #a ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 #b guns1 if used as guns of the battery4 ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two #ab pounders ,no4 #b guns1 if used as guns of the battery4 ,,formers1 for ,one for each ,cartridge-,bags ,no4 class of howitzers4 ,,funnels1 ,copper ,no4 #a ,,fuze-,,cutters ,no4 ,one for each box of shell and shrapnel4 ,to be accounted for4 ,,fuze ,,extractors1 wrench ,no4 #a ,if required by kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,gauges for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #a kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,mallets for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #a kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,plug ,,extractors for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #a kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,reamers for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #a kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuzes1 ,,bormann',s1 spare ,no4 #e ,for exercising crews in cutting fuzes4 ,,haversacks ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,breechings1 for ,broadside #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 ,,chargers1 for ,rifle-shells1 copper ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,shifting ,no4 ,,compressors1 spare1 for ,boat-,guns ,no4 ,,dismounting ,,bars ,no4 ,,dismounting ,,straps ,no4 ,,drag-,,ropes for ,field-,guns ,no4 ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two guns1 if used as #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 guns of the battery4 ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two guns1 if used as #ab pounders ,no4 guns of the battery4 ,,formers1 for ,one for each class of ,cartridge-,bags ,no4 howitzers4 ,,funnels1 ,copper ,no4 ,,fuze-,,cutters ,no4 ,one for each box of shell and shrapnel4 ,to be accounted for4 ,,fuze ,,extractors1 wrench ,no4 ,if required by kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,gauges for ,if required by kind of fuze ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 furnished4 ,,fuze ,,mallets for ,if required by kind of fuze ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 furnished4 ,,fuze ,,plug ,,extractors for ,if required by kind of fuze ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 furnished4 ,,fuze ,,reamers for ,if required by kind of fuze ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 furnished4 ,,fuzes1 ,,bormann',s1 spare ,no4 ,for exercising crews in cutting fuzes4 ,,haversacks ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,breechings1 for ,broadside #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 ,,chargers1 for ,rifle-shells1 copper ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,shifting ,no4 ,,compressors1 spare1 for ,boat-,guns ,no4 ,,dismounting ,,bars ,no4 ,,dismounting ,,straps ,no4 ,,drag-,,ropes for ,field-,guns ,no4 ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two #bd and #bj pounders ,no4 guns1 if used as guns of the battery4 ,,elevating ,,screws1 ,three to two #ab pounders ,no4 guns1 if used as guns of the battery4 ,,formers1 for ,one for each ,cartridge-,bags ,no4 class of howitzers ,,funnels1 ,copper ,no4 ,,fuze-,,cutters ,no4 ,one for each box of shell and shrapnel4 ,to be accounted for4 ,,fuze ,,extractors1 wrench ,no4 ,if required by kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,gauges for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,mallets for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,plug ,,extractors for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuze ,,reamers for ,if required by ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 kind of fuze furnished4 ,,fuzes1 ,,bormann',s1 spare ,no4 ,for exercising crews in cutting fuzes4 ,,haversacks ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,howitzer ,no4 ,as may be ordered4 ,boat-,carriage4 ,no4 #a ,field-,carriage4 ,no4 #a ,,ladles ,no4 #a ,,locks for ,howitzers ,no4 #b ,,lock-,,lanyards ,no4 #c ,,lock-,,toggles ,no4 #b ,,loop-,,pins ,no4 #b ,,pivot-,,bolts ,no4 #b ,,priming-,,wires ,no4 #b ,,primers for ,howitzers ,no4 #bej ,,rammers and ,,sponges1 connected ,no4 #b ,,shifting-,,spar ,no4 ,one to each class of howitzers4 ,,sights for ,howitzers 7long and short7 ,no4 #b ,,sight1 ,thumb-screws ,no4 #b ,,screw-,,drivers for ,fuzes ,three-armed to for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #a unscrew the different kinds4 ,,tackles for ,broadside #bd-pounders and #bj-pdrs4 set4 #a ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 #a-a_/aj #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,howitzer ,no4,as may be ordered4 ,boat-,carriage4 ,no4 ,field-,carriage4 ,no4 ,,ladles ,no4 ,,locks for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,lock-,,lanyards ,no4 ,,lock-,,toggles ,no4 ,,loop-,,pins ,no4 ,,pivot-,,bolts ,no4 ,,priming-,,wires ,no4 ,,primers for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,rammers and ,,sponges1 connected ,no4 ,,shifting-,,spar ,no4 ,one to each class of howitzers4 ,,sights for ,howitzers 7long and short7 ,no4 ,,sight1 ,thumb-screws ,no4 ,,screw-,,drivers for ,fuzes ,three-armed to unscrew for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 the different kinds4 ,,tackles for ,broadside #bd-pounders and #bj-pdrs4 set4 ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,howitzer ,no4 ,boat-,carriage4 ,no4 ,field-,carriage4 ,no4 ,,ladles ,no4 ,,locks for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,lock-,,lanyards ,no4 ,,lock-,,toggles ,no4 ,,loop-,,pins ,no4 ,,pivot-,,bolts ,no4 ,,priming-,,wires ,no4 ,,primers for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,rammers and ,,sponges1 connected ,no4 ,,shifting-,,spar ,no4 ,,sights for ,howitzers 7long and short7 ,no4 ,,sight1 ,thumb-screws ,no4 ,,screw-,,drivers for ,fuzes for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,tackles for ,broadside #bd-pounders and #bj-pdrs4 set4 ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,trail-,,bars for ,field-,howitzers ,no4 #a ,,train-,,ropes for ,broadside #bd-pdrs4 and #bj-pdrs4 ,no4 #c ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 #a ,,wheels1 spare1 for ,field-,carriages ,no4 #a ,,shells for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #ij ,,shrapnel for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #aj ,,canister for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #aj ,,charges for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 #ajj ,,junk-,,wads for ,rifle-,canister ,no4 #aj ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,locks set4 #a-a_/aj ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,breech-sights set4 #a-a_/aj ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,reinforce-sights set4 #a-a_/aj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,trail-,,bars for ,field-,howitzers ,no4 ,,train-,,ropes for ,broadside #bd-pdrs4 and #bj-pdrs4 ,no4 ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 ,,wheels1 spare1 for ,field-,carriages ,no4 ,,shells for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,shrapnel for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,canister for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,charges for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,junk-,,wads for ,rifle-,canister ,no4 ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,locks set4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,breech-sights set4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,reinforce-sights set4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,howitzers1 ,equipments1 and ,implements4--,continued ,,trail-,,bars for ,field-,howitzers ,no4 ,,train-,,ropes for ,broadside #bd-pdrs4 and #bj-pdrs4 ,no4 ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 ,,wheels1 spare1 for ,field-,carriages ,no4 ,,shells for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,shrapnel for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,canister for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,charges for ,rifle-,howitzers ,no4 ,,junk-,,wads for ,rifle-,canister ,no4 ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,locks set4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,breech-sights set4 ,,aprons1 ,brass1 for ,reinforce-sights set4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,note4--,each rifle or smooth-bore howitzer used1 in the ship's battery1 and also as a boat and field gun1 shall be furnished with fifty per cent4 addition to the above ammunition4 ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,beds ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,blocks1 double1 spare ,no4 #b_/aj ,,blocks1 single1 spare ,no4 #b_/aj ,,bolts1 ,pivot1 for ,pivot-,guns1 spare1 bronze ,no4 #a ,,bolts1 ,breeching1 spare ,no4 #b_/aj ,,boring-,,bits1 ,cannon ,no4 #a-d_/aj ,,boxes1 ,passing1 for ,guns ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,boxes1 ,primer1 for ,gun ,captains ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,breechings1 fitted1 for and #b for ,friction-,carriage ,no4 #a pivot-guns4 ,,breechings1 fitted1 for ,truck-,carriage ,no4 #b ,,buckets1 ,fire ,no4 #a and four for each top4 ,,buckets1 ,fire lanyards ,no4 #a and four for each top4 ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 #aj ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 #e ,,canister1 for ,,xv-in4 ,guns ,no4 #e ,,carriages1 ,gun ,no4 #a ,,carriages1 ,gun spare1 in ,one for each parts ,no4 -- class of guns on trucks over #cb cwt4 ,,chocks1 ,shifting1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 #d ,,chocks1 ,rail for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 #b ,,chocks1 ,housing1 lower deck ,no4 #b ,,covers1 canvas1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,beds ,no4 ,,blocks1 double1 spare ,no4 ,,blocks1 single1 spare ,no4 ,,bolts1 ,pivot1 for ,pivot-,guns1 spare1 bronze ,no4 ,,bolts1 ,breeching1 spare ,no4 ,,boring-,,bits1 ,cannon ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,passing1 for ,guns ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,primer1 for ,gun ,captains ,no4 ,,breechings1 fitted1 for and #b for ,friction-,carriage ,no4 pivot-guns4 ,,breechings1 fitted1 for ,truck-,carriage ,no4 ,,buckets1 ,fire ,no4 and four for each top4 ,,buckets1 ,fire lanyards ,no4 and four for each top4 ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 ,,canister1 for ,,xv-in4 ,guns ,no4 ,,carriages1 ,gun ,no4 ,,carriages1 ,gun spare1 in ,one for each parts ,no4 class of guns on trucks over #cb cwt4 ,,chocks1 ,shifting1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,rail for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,housing1 lower deck ,no4 ,,covers1 canvas1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,beds ,no4 ,,blocks1 double1 spare ,no4 ,,blocks1 single1 spare ,no4 ,,bolts1 ,pivot1 for ,pivot-,guns1 spare1 bronze ,no4 ,,bolts1 ,breeching1 spare ,no4 ,,boring-,,bits1 ,cannon ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,passing1 for ,guns ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,primer1 for ,gun ,captains ,no4 ,,breechings1 fitted1 for ,friction-,carriage ,no4 ,,breechings1 fitted1 for ,truck-,carriage ,no4 ,,buckets1 ,fire ,no4 ,,buckets1 ,fire lanyards ,no4 ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 ,,canister1 for smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 ,,canister1 for ,,xv-in4 ,guns ,no4 ,,carriages1 ,gun ,no4 ,,carriages1 ,gun spare1 in ,one for parts ,no4each class of guns on trucks over #cb cwt4 ,,chocks1 ,shifting1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,rail for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,chocks1 ,housing1 lower deck ,no4 ,,covers1 canvas1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,dismounting ,,apparatus 7,griolet7 ,no4 ,one to each gun-deck4 ,,division-,,bags ,no4 ,one to each division1 of ,no4 #h canvas4 ,,flasks1 ,powder ,no4 #a_/d ,,fuze-,,pickers ,no4 #b ,,gauges1 ,,shell ,no4 ,one for strapped shell for each calibre on board1 and one for each calibre of rifled projectiles4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #c pounds ,no4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #e pounds ,no4 ,,guns ,,of ,,battery ,no4 ,as may be ordered4 ,,gun-,,scrapers ,no4 #a_/aj ,,gun-,,scrapers to fit on ,rammer-head ,no4 ,one to each calibre of chamber4 ,,handspikes1 ,ordinary ,no4 #b-a_/b ,,handspikes1 ,roller ,no4 #a-b_/aj ,,heavers for ,,selvagees set4 #a ,,impression-,,taker for ,for each class ,vents ,no4 #a of gun of #cb-pdr4 calibre and upwards1 and all iron rifles4 ,,ladles1 ,shot ,no4 ,one to each calibre4 ,,lanyards1 ,port ,no4 #e ,and one tricing-line for ports requiring them4 ,,lanterns1 ,battle1 gun-decks ,no4 #a ,,lashings1 ,breast ,no4 #a ,,lashings1 ,housing-straps ,no4 #a ,,linch-,,pins1 ,spare ,no4 #a_/aj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,dismounting ,,apparatus 7,griolet7 ,no4 ,one to each gun-deck4 ,,division-,,bags ,no4 ,one to each division1 of ,no4 #h canvas4 ,,flasks1 ,powder ,no4 ,,fuze-,,pickers ,no4 ,,gauges1 ,,shell ,no4 ,one for strapped shell for each calibre on board1 and one for each calibre of rifled projectiles4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #c pounds ,no4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #e pounds ,no4 ,,guns ,,of ,,battery ,no4,as may be ordered ,,gun-,,scrapers ,no4 ,,gun-,,scrapers to fit on ,rammer-head ,no4 ,one to each calibre of chamber4 ,,handspikes1 ,ordinary ,no4 ,,handspikes1 ,roller ,no4 ,,heavers for ,,selvagees set4 ,,impression-,,taker for ,for each class of gun of ,vents ,no4#cb-pdr4 calibre and upwards1 and all iron rifles4 ,,ladles1 ,shot ,no4 ,one to each calibre4 ,,lanyards1 ,port ,no4 ,and one tricing-line for ports requiring them4 ,,lanterns1 ,battle1 gun-decks ,no4 ,,lashings1 ,breast ,no4 ,,lashings1 ,housing-straps ,no4 ,,linch-,,pins1 ,spare ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,dismounting ,,apparatus 7,griolet7 ,no4 ,,division-,,bags ,no4 ,,flasks1 ,powder ,no4 ,,fuze-,,pickers ,no4 ,,gauges1 ,,shell ,no4 ,one for strapped shell for each calibre on board1 and one for each calibre of rifled projectiles4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #c pounds ,no4 ,,grenades1 ,hand1 #e pounds ,no4 ,,guns ,,of ,,battery ,no4 ,,gun-,,scrapers ,no4 ,,gun-,,scrapers to fit on ,rammer-head ,no4 ,,handspikes1 ,ordinary ,no4 ,,handspikes1 ,roller ,no4 ,,heavers for ,,selvagees set4 ,,impression-,,taker for ,for each class of gun ,vents ,no4of #cb-pdr4 calibre and upwards1 and all iron rifles4 ,,ladles1 ,shot ,no4 ,,lanyards1 ,port ,no4 ,,lanterns1 ,battle1 gun-decks ,no4 ,,lashings1 ,breast ,no4 ,,lashings1 ,housing-straps ,no4 ,,linch-,,pins1 ,spare ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,locks1 ,cannon ,no4 #a-a_/d strings ,no4 #c ,toggles ,no4 #b screws and nuts set4 #a-a_/d ,blanks1 ,composition ,no4 #a-a_/d ,,match-,,staves ,no4 #a_/aj ,,muzzle-,,bags ,no4 #a ,,pins1 for ,breeching ,shackles1 spare ,no4 #b ,,pins1 for ,shackles in brackets of ,carriages1 spare ,no4 #b ,,port-,,fire ,,staves ,no4 #a_/aj ,,primers for ,,cannon1 quill ,no4 ,one hundred and twenty for each #ajj rounds4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction 7copper7 ,no4 #ej ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction lanyards1 complete ,no4 #b ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as wood ,no4 needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as tin ,no4 needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as ,keys for ,no4 needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,priming-,,wires1 ,cannon ,no4 #b ,,punches for ,,shackle-,,pins ,no4 #b_/aj ,,quoins1 ,ordinary1 for ,carriages requiring them ,no4 #a-a_/aj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,locks1 ,cannon ,no4 strings ,no4 ,toggles ,no4 screws and nuts set4 ,blanks1 ,composition ,no4 ,,match-,,staves ,no4 ,,muzzle-,,bags ,no4 ,,pins1 for ,breeching ,shackles1 spare ,no4 ,,pins1 for ,shackles in brackets of ,carriages1 spare ,no4 ,,port-,,fire ,,staves ,no4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 quill ,no4 ,one hundred and twenty for each #ajj rounds4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction 7copper7 ,no4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction lanyards1 complete ,no4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as wood ,no4needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as tin ,no4needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many as ,keys for ,no4needed1 to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,priming-,,wires1 ,cannon ,no4 ,,punches for ,,shackle-,,pins ,no4 ,,quoins1 ,ordinary1 for ,carriages requiring them ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,locks1 ,cannon ,no4 strings ,no4 ,toggles ,no4 screws and nuts set4 ,blanks1 ,composition ,no4 ,,match-,,staves ,no4 ,,muzzle-,,bags ,no4 ,,pins1 for ,breeching ,shackles1 spare ,no4 ,,pins1 for ,shackles in brackets of ,carriages1 spare ,no4 ,,port-,,fire ,,staves ,no4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 quill ,no4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction 7copper7 ,no4 ,,primers for ,,cannon1 friction lanyards1 complete ,no4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many wood ,no4as needed to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many tin ,no4as needed to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,primers ,packing-boxes1 ,as many ,keys for ,no4as needed to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,priming-,,wires1 ,cannon ,no4 ,,punches for ,,shackle-,,pins ,no4 ,,quoins1 ,ordinary1 for ,carriages requiring them ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,quoins1 ,chocking ,no4 ,,quoins1 ,transom1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,rammers ,no4 ,,sabots1 for ,bouched ,shells ,no4 ,,screws1 ,compressing1 for ,friction-,carriages1 spare ,no4 ,,screws1 ,elevating1 for guns needing them ,no4 ,,selvagees for ,,breechings sets4 ,,shells in boxes1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,broadside ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,broadside ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,note 993 ,fuzes1 one-half percussion1 one-half time4 ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,pivot ,rifled-,guns ,no4 #ce;,a ,,shells in boxes or bags1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 #ej ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 #e ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 #e ,,shot1 ,cored1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 #e ,,shot1,b ,solid1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 #aj ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,broadside ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 #aj ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 #aj ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #aj ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #ae ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #aj ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #ae ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside1 ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 #ae ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 #ce ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #ae ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 #be ,,shrapnel1 for ,,xv-inch guns ,no4 #ae ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,pivot ,rifled-,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes or bags1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 ,,shot1 ,cored1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1,b ,solid1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,broadside ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside1 ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,,xv-inch guns ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shells in boxes1 not loaded nor fuzed1 for ,pivot ,rifled-,guns ,no4 ,,shells in boxes or bags1 loaded and fuzed1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,pivot-,gun ,no4 ,,shot1 ,grape1 stands for each ,smooth-bore ,broadside-,gun ,no4 ,,shot1 ,cored1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1,b ,solid1 for ,,xv-inch ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,broadside ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 ,rifle1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shot1 ,solid1 7round7 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside1 ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,smooth-bore ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,broadside ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,pivot ,rifled ,guns ,no4 ,,shrapnel1 for ,,xv-inch guns ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,note ,a3 ,fuzes1 one-half percussion1 one-half time4 ,note ,b3 ,when steel shot are to be furnished1 the number will be designated by the ,bureau4 ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shell-,,bearers for all ,pivot-guns of heavy calibre4 ,no4 #b ,,sights sets4 #a-a_/aj ,,sights ,reinforce ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,sights ,reinforce ,bands1 ,screws ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,sights ,bolts and ,nuts ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,sights ,screws for ,reinforce ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,sights ,thumb-screws1 spare ,no4 #a ,,sights ,breech-side or ,trunnion1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 #a ,,sponges1 ,sheepskin ,no4 #a-c_/aj ,,sponges1 ,bristle ,no4 ,one to each division for each calibre1 for cleaning guns4 ,,sponge-,,caps1 ,canvas ,no4 #a-c_/aj ,,straps for ,bouched ,shells ,no4 ,one for each empty shell4 ,,tackles1 ,gun set4 #a ,,tackles1 ,gun ,spare ,no4 #a ,,tackles1 ,gun ,pivot1 if required ,no4 #a ,,tackles1 ,gun ,port1 lower deck set4 #b ,,thumb-,,stalls ,no4 #b ,eight to each reserve box4 ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 #a-a_/aj ,,trucks1 spare1 lignum-vitae ,no4 #b_/aj ,,transporting ,,trucks sets4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages4 ,,transporting ,,axles ,no4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shell-,,bearers for all ,pivot-guns of heavy calibre4 ,no4 ,,sights sets4 ,,sights ,reinforce ,no4 ,,sights ,reinforce ,bands1 ,screws ,no4 ,,sights ,bolts and ,nuts ,no4 ,,sights ,screws for ,reinforce ,no4 ,,sights ,thumb-screws1 spare ,no4 ,,sights ,breech-side or ,trunnion1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,sponges1 ,sheepskin ,no4 ,,sponges1 ,bristle ,no4 ,one to each division for each calibre1 for cleaning guns4 ,,sponge-,,caps1 ,canvas ,no4 ,,straps for ,bouched ,shells ,no4 ,one for each empty shell4 ,,tackles1 ,gun set4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,spare ,no4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,pivot1 if required set4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,port1 lower deck ,no4 ,,thumb-,,stalls ,no4 ,eight to each reserve box4 ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 ,,trucks1 spare1 lignum-vitae ,no4 ,,transporting ,,trucks sets4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages4 ,,transporting ,,axles ,no4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,shell-,,bearers for all ,pivot-guns of heavy calibre4 ,no4 ,,sights sets4 ,,sights ,reinforce ,no4 ,,sights ,reinforce ,bands1 ,screws ,no4 ,,sights ,bolts and ,nuts ,no4 ,,sights ,screws for ,reinforce ,no4 ,,sights ,thumb-screws1 spare ,no4 ,,sights ,breech-side or ,trunnion1 for ,pivot-,guns ,no4 ,,sponges1 ,sheepskin ,no4 ,,sponges1 ,bristle ,no4 ,one to each division for each calibre1 for cleaning guns4 ,,sponge-,,caps1 ,canvas ,no4 ,,straps for ,bouched ,shells ,no4 ,,tackles1 ,gun set4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,spare ,no4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,pivot1 if required set4 ,,tackles1 ,gun ,port1 lower deck ,no4 ,,thumb-,,stalls ,no4 ,,tompions1 with wads and lanyards ,no4 ,,trucks1 spare1 lignum-vitae ,no4 ,,transporting ,,trucks sets4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages ,,transporting ,,axles ,no4 ,one for each class of guns on friction carriages ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,tubs1 ,division ,no4 ,one for each division ,,vent-,,drills1 with ,braces sets4 ,one for each division ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 #a ,,vent-,,punches ,no4 #b_/aj ,,wads1 ,junk ,no4 #aj ,,wads1 ,selvagee ,no4 ,one to each shot and shell4 ,not to be put in box4 ,,worms1 ,robinson's ,no4 #b_/aj ,,wrenches1 ,fuze1 with water-cap drivers ,no4 #b_/aj ,,wrenches1 ,screw1 ,patent ,no4 ,two to each vessel for tightening bolts4 ,small ,arms4 ,,arm-,,chests 7not lined7 ,no4 ,as required4 ,,axes1 ,battle1 with frogs ,no4 ,number required by ,article #aja1 ,part ,i41 to arm crew4 ,,belts1 ,waist ,no4 ,sufficient to supply arms furnished4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,navy ,no4 #bjj per piece4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,revolver ,no4 #bjj per piece4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as ,packing-boxes1 wood ,no4 needed4 ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as ,packing-boxes1 tin ,no4 needed4 ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as ,packing-boxes1 ,keys for ,no4 needed4 ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,tubs1 ,division ,no4 ,one for each division ,,vent-,,drills1 with ,braces sets4 ,one for each division ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 ,,vent-,,punches ,no4 ,,wads1 ,junk ,no4 ,,wads1 ,selvagee ,no4 ,one to each shot and shell4 ,not to be put in box4 ,,worms1 ,robinson's ,no4 ,,wrenches1 ,fuze1 with water-cap drivers ,no4 ,,wrenches1 ,screw1 ,patent ,no4 ,two to each vessel for tightening bolts4 ,small ,arms4 ,,arm-,,chests 7not lined7 ,no4 ,,axes1 ,battle1 with frogs ,no4 ,number required by ,article #aja1 ,part ,i41 to arm crew4 ,,belts1 ,waist ,no4 ,sufficient to supply arms furnished4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,navy ,no4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,revolver ,no4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as needed4 ,to be ,packing-boxes1 wood ,no4accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as needed4 ,to be ,packing-boxes1 tin ,no4accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many as needed4 ,to be ,packing-boxes1 ,keys for ,no4accounted for by ,gunner4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,articles under proportion to ,guns of ,battery4 --,continued4 ,,tubs1 ,division ,no4 ,,vent-,,drills1 with ,braces sets4 ,,vent-,,guards ,no4 ,,vent-,,punches ,no4 ,,wads1 ,junk ,no4 ,,wads1 ,selvagee ,no4 ,one to each shot and shell ,not to be put in box4 ,,worms1 ,robinson's ,no4 ,,wrenches1 ,fuze1 with water-cap drivers ,no4 ,,wrenches1 ,screw1 ,patent ,no4 ,small ,arms4 ,,arm-,,chests 7not lined7 ,no4 ,,axes1 ,battle1 with frogs ,no4 ,number required by ,article #aja1 ,part ,i41 to arm crew4 ,,belts1 ,waist ,no4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,navy ,no4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,revolver ,no4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many ,packing-boxes1 wood ,no4as needed ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many ,packing-boxes1 tin ,no4as needed ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,caps1 ,percussion1 ,as many ,packing-boxes1 ,keys for ,no4as needed ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,musket1 ,sufficient to leather ,no4 supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,carbine or ,sufficient to ,rifle1 leather ,no4 supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,pistol or ,sufficient to ,revolver1 leather ,no4 supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,revolver1 ,sufficient to leather ,no4 supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge ,,paper1 reams ,no4 #c #b ,,carbines or ,,rifles ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,ball-moulds ,no4 ,if needed4 ,,carbines ,bayonets1 if needed1 ,number required with scabbards frogs ,no4 to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,cones ,no4 #abj #ajj ,,carbines ,cones-picks ,no4 #ab #aj ,,carbines ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #ab #aj ,,carbines ,wiper-rods ,no4 #ab #aj ,,carbines ,wipers ,no4 ,,cutlasses and ,,scabbards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,cutlasses ,frogs ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,lacquer1 for small arms galls4 #h #f ,,lacquer1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,as required4 ,,muskets1 ,rifled ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,muskets1 ,ball-,moulds ,no4 #a #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,musket1 ,sufficient to leather ,no4supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,carbine or ,sufficient to ,rifle1 leather ,no4supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,pistol or ,sufficient to ,revolver1 leather ,no4supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,revolver1 ,sufficient to leather ,no4supply arms furnished4 ,,cartridge ,,paper1 reams ,no4 #a #a #a #a #a #a_/b ,,carbines or ,,rifles ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,ball-moulds ,no4 ,if needed4 ,,carbines ,bayonets1 if needed1 ,number required to arm the with scabbards frogs ,no4crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,cones ,no4 #hj #hj #gj #fj #ej #bj ,,carbines ,cones-picks ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,carbines ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,carbines ,wiper-rods ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,carbines ,wipers ,no4 ,,cutlasses and ,,scabbards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,cutlasses ,frogs ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,lacquer1 for small arms galls4 #e #e #e #e #e #b ,,lacquer1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,,muskets1 ,rifled ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,muskets1 ,ball-,moulds ,no4 #a #a #a #a #a #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,musket1 leather ,no4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,carbine or ,rifle1 leather ,no4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,pistol or ,revolver1 leather ,no4 ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 ,revolver1 leather ,no4 ,,cartridge ,,paper1 reams ,no4 #b #a #aa_/b #b #a #a_/ba_/b ,,carbines or ,,rifles ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,ball-moulds ,no4 ,if needed4 ,,carbines ,bayonets1 if needed1 ,number required with scabbards frogs ,no4to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,carbines ,cones ,no4 #ajj #hj #ej #bj #hj #gj #cj #bj ,,carbines ,cones-picks ,no4 #aj #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,carbines ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #aj #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,carbines ,wiper-rods ,no4 #aj #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,carbines ,wipers ,no4 ,,cutlasses and ,,scabbards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,cutlasses ,frogs ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,lacquer1 for small arms galls4 #f #e #e #c #e #e #c #b ,,lacquer1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,,muskets1 ,rifled ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,muskets1 ,ball-,moulds ,no4 #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ---------------------------------------- --------------------_/ ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,ball screws and wipers ,no4 #bg #ac ,,muskets1 ,bands1 sets ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,bayonets1 ,scabbards1 ,sufficient for and ,frogs ,no4 arms furnished4 ,,muskets1 ,breech-screws ,no4 #g #c ,,muskets1 ,cartridge-formers sets4 #b #b ,,muskets1 ,cones ,no4 #bgj #abj ,,muskets1 ,cones picks ,no4 #bg #ab ,,muskets1 ,guard-screws ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,hammers ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,hand-vices1 spring ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,locks1 complete ,no4 #g #c ,,muskets1 ,lock-screws1 spare1 small ,no4 #ge #cj ,,muskets1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #bg #ab ,,muskets1 ,side-screws1 spare ,no4 #bg #ab ,,muskets1 ,springs sets4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,tang-screws ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,triggers ,no4 #g #c ,,muskets1 ,wire and ,tumbler ,punches ,no4 #ad #f ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,ball screws and wipers ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,muskets1 ,bands1 sets ,no4 #d #d #c #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,bayonets1 ,scabbards1 ,sufficient for and ,frogs ,no4arms furnished4 ,,muskets1 ,breech-screws ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,muskets1 ,cartridge-formers sets4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,muskets1 ,cones ,no4 #hj #hj #gj #fj #ej #bj ,,muskets1 ,cones picks ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,muskets1 ,guard-screws ,no4 #d #d #d #c #c #a ,,muskets1 ,hammers ,no4 #d #d #d #c #c #a ,,muskets1 ,hand-vices1 spring ,no4 #d #d #d #c #c #a ,,muskets1 ,locks1 complete ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,muskets1 ,lock-screws1 spare1 small ,no4 #bj #bj #ah #ae #ac #e ,,muskets1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,muskets1 ,side-screws1 spare ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,muskets1 ,springs sets4 #d #d #c #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,tang-screws ,no4 #d #d #c #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,triggers ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,muskets1 ,wire and ,tumbler ,punches ,no4 #d #d #d #c #c #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,ball screws and wipers ,no4 #ab #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,muskets1 ,bands1 sets ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,bayonets1 ,scabbards1 and ,frogs ,no4 ,,muskets1 ,breech-screws ,no4 #c #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,muskets1 ,cartridge-formers sets4 #b #b #b #a #b #b #b #a ,,muskets1 ,cones ,no4 #abj #hj #ej #bj #hj #gj #cj #bj ,,muskets1 ,cones picks ,no4 #ab #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,muskets1 ,guard-screws ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #d #b #a ,,muskets1 ,hammers ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #d #b #a ,,muskets1 ,hand-vices1 spring ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #d #b #a ,,muskets1 ,locks1 complete ,no4 #c #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,muskets1 ,lock-screws1 spare1 small ,no4 #cj #bj #ac #e #bj #ah #h #e ,,muskets1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #ab #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,muskets1 ,side-screws1 spare ,no4 #ab #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,muskets1 ,springs sets4 #f #d #c #a #d #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,tang-screws ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #c #b #a ,,muskets1 ,triggers ,no4 #c #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,muskets1 ,wire and ,tumbler ,punches ,no4 #f #d #c #b #d #d #b #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,wipers1 bristle ,no4 #bg #ab ,,muskets1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #ad #f ,,muskets1 ,scraper1 ,crane's ,no4 ,half the above4 ,,pistols1 ,navy ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,ball-moulds ,no4 #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cartridge-formers ,no4 #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cones1 spare ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,sufficient for arms furnished4 ,,pistols1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,bullet-moulds ,no4 #b #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cone-wrenches ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,extra bolts ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cones ,no4 #ahe #aaj ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hammers ,no4 #cj #bj ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hands ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,lock-screws ,no4 #ah #aa ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,triggers ,no4 #ah #aa ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,wipers1 bristle ,no4 #h #h #g #f #e #b ,,muskets1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #d #d #d #c #c #b ,,muskets1 ,scraper1 ,crane's ,no4 ,half the above4 ,,pistols1 ,navy ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,ball-moulds ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cartridge-formers ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cones1 spare ,no4 #h #h #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,sufficient for arms furnished4 ,,pistols1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #h #h #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #h #h #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,bullet-moulds ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cone-wrenches ,no4 #h #h #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,extra bolts ,no4 #g #g #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cones ,no4 #gf #gf #fj #ej #dj #bj ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hammers ,no4 #ae #ae #aj #aj #h #e ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hands ,no4 #g #g #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,lock-screws ,no4 #g #g #f #e #d #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,triggers ,no4 #g #g #f #e #d #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,muskets1 ,wipers1 bristle ,no4 #ab #h #e #b #h #g #c #b ,,muskets1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #f #d #c #a #d #d #b #b ,,muskets1 ,scraper1 ,crane's ,no4 ,half the above4 ,,pistols1 ,navy ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,ball-moulds ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cartridge-formers ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,,pistols1 ,cones1 spare ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #h #f #c #b ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,,pistols1 ,screw-drivers and ,cone-keys ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #h #f #c #b ,,pistols1 ,worms and ,scrapers ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #h #f #c #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as allowed by ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,bullet-moulds ,no4 #b #b #b #a #b #b #b #a ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cone-wrenches ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #h #f #c #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,extra bolts ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #g #f #b #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,cones ,no4 #abj #hj #dj #bj #gf #fj #be #bj ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hammers ,no4 #bj #ae #aj #e #ae #aj #e #e ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,hands ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #g #f #b #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,lock-screws ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #g #f #b #b ,,pistols1 ,revolvers ,triggers ,no4 #ab #h #d #b #g #f #b #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers1 ,main and ,sear ,springs ,no4 #cj #bj ,,pistols1 ,flasks ,no4 ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,sufficient for arms furnished4 ,,pistols1 ,spring-vices ,no4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,guards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,single ,,sticks ,no4 #gj #fj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers1 ,main and ,sear ,springs ,no4 #ae #ae #aj #aj #h #e ,,pistols1 ,flasks ,no4 ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,sufficient for arms furnished4 ,,pistols1 ,spring-vices ,no4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,guards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja ,part #a4 ,,single ,,sticks ,no4 #ej #ej #dj #dj #cj #bj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,small ,arms--,continued4 ,,pistols1 ,revolvers1 ,main and ,sear ,springs ,no4 #bj #ae #aj #e #ae #aj #e #e ,,pistols1 ,flasks ,no4 ,,pistols1 ,frogs ,no4 ,,pistols1 ,spring-vices ,no4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,pikes1 ,boarding ,guards ,no4 ,number required to arm the crew as per ,art4 #aja1 ,part #a4 ,,single ,,sticks ,no4 #fj #ej #dj #bj #ej #dj #cj #bj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 ,,adzes1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,buckets1 ,water1 ,one to each ,copper-bound ,no4 magazine and shell-room4 ,,brushes1 ,dusting ,no4 ,two to each magazine4 ,,brushes1 ,paint ,no4 ,two to each gun1 assorted sizes4 ,,cans1 ,water1 ,copper-bound ,no4 ,two to each magazine and one to each shell-room4 ,,cartridges1 ,carbine1 ball ,no4 #ajj per piece1 #bjj if breech-loader4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 ball ,no4 #ajj per piece4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 blank ,no4 #bj per piece4 ,,cartridges1 ,buckshot ,no4 #bj per piece4 ,,cartridges1 ,pistol1 ball ,no4 #ajj per piece4 ,,cartridges1 ,revolver1 ball ,no4 #ajj per piece4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to for ,carbine ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to for ,musket ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to for ,rifle ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to for ,pistol ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to for ,revolver ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to ,keys for ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridge-,,bags1 spare ,no4 #aj ,,dust-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 ,,adzes1 ,copper ,no4,one to each magazine4 ,,buckets1 ,water1 ,one to each magazine and ,copper-bound ,no4shell-room4 ,,brushes1 ,dusting ,no4 ,two to each magazine4 ,,brushes1 ,paint ,no4 ,two to each gun1 assorted sizes4 ,,cans1 ,water1 ,copper-bound ,no4 ,two to each magazine and one to each shell-room4 ,,cartridges1 ,carbine1 ball ,no4 #ajj per piece1 #bjj if breech-loader4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 blank ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,buckshot ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,pistol1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,revolver1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted for ,carbine ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted for ,musket ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted for ,rifle ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted for ,pistol ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted for ,revolver ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,as required4 ,to be accounted ,keys for ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,cartridge-,,bags1 spare ,no4 ,,dust-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 ,,adzes1 ,copper ,no4 ,,buckets1 ,water1 ,copper-bound ,no4 ,,brushes1 ,dusting ,no4 ,,brushes1 ,paint ,no4 ,,cans1 ,water1 ,copper-bound ,no4 ,two to each magazine and one to each shell-room4 ,,cartridges1 ,carbine1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,musket1 blank ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,buckshot ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,pistol1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,revolver1 ball ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes for ,carbine ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes for ,musket ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes for ,rifle ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes for ,pistol ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes for ,revolver ,no4 ,,cartridges1 ,packing-boxes ,keys for ,no4 ,,cartridge-,,bags1 spare ,no4 ,,dust-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fireworks1 ,blue-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #de ,,fireworks1 ,red-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #de ,,fireworks1 ,white-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #de ,,fireworks1 ,port-fires ,no4 #be #bj ,,fireworks1 ,rockets and ,staves ,no4 #ajj #fj ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to for blue1 white1 and red be accounted for lights ,no4 by ,gunner4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to for ,port-fires ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to for ,rockets ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes1 ,as needed4 ,to ,keys for ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,formers1 for cutting ,one set to each ,cartridge-,bags sets4 class of cartridge4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,one to each ,cartridges ,no4 magazine4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,two to each ,shells ,no4 shell-room4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,one in each loaded shell4 ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #aj ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #ae ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #bj ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells ,spherical4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fireworks1 ,blue-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #dj #dj #be #bj #ae #aj ,,fireworks1 ,red-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #dj #dj #be #bj #ae #aj ,,fireworks1 ,white-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #dj #dj #be #bj #ae #aj ,,fireworks1 ,port-fires ,no4 #ae #ae #aj #e #e #e ,,fireworks1 ,rockets and ,staves ,no4 #ej #ej #dj #bj #bj #bj ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to be accounted for blue1 white1 and red for by ,gunner4 lights ,no4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to be accounted for ,port-fires ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to be accounted for ,rockets ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes1 ,as needed4 ,to be accounted ,keys for ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,formers1 for cutting ,one set to each class of ,cartridge-,bags sets4cartridge4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,one to each ,cartridges ,no4magazine4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,two to each ,shells ,no4shell-room4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,one in each loaded shell4 ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells4 ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #aj ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells4 ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #ae ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells4 ,spherical4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #bj ,no4 ,one for every four empty shells4 ,spherical4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fireworks1 ,blue-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #dj #be #aj #dj #be #ae #bj ,,fireworks1 ,red-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #dj #be #aj #df #be #ae #bj ,,fireworks1 ,white-lights1 new pattern ,no4 #ej #dj #be #aj #dj #be #ae #bj ,,fireworks1 ,port-fires ,no4 #be #ab #aj #e #ab #aj #e #e ,,fireworks1 ,rockets and ,staves ,no4 #ajj #ej #dj #bj #ej #dj #bj #bj ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes for blue1 white1 and red lights ,no4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes for ,port-fires ,no4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes for ,rockets ,no4 ,,fireworks1 ,packing-boxes1 ,keys for ,no4 ,,formers1 for cutting ,cartridge-,bags sets4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,cartridges ,no4 ,,funnels1 for filling ,shells ,no4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #e ,no4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #aj ,no4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #ae ,no4 ,,fuzes in metal stocks1 #bj ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fuzes1 ,,percussion for ,one-half the ,rifle-,shell ,no4 number of shell4 ,,fuzes1 in metal stocks1 spare1 assorted #c-a_/b1 ,one to four #g1 #bj sec4 ,no4 shells4 ,,fuzes1 ,,time1 for ,one-half the ,rifle-,shell ,no4 number of shell4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes for ,no4 ,as needed4 ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to ,keys for ,no4 be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,fuzes1 ,plug-extractor ,no4 ,one to each shell-room4 ,,hose1 with ,pipes ,no4 ,one to each magazine and shell-room4 ,,knives1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,lamp-,,feeders1 ,tin ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,lanterns1 ,copper1 with ,one to each ,lamps ,no4 light-box4 ,,lanterns1 ,glass ,chimneys ,six to each lamp for ,no4 requiring them4 ,,magazine-,,dresses suits4 #aj #h ,,magazine ,shoes pair4 #aj #h ,,powder1 ,rounds #aaj and #fe extra for each ,pivot-gun4 ,,powder1 ,musket lbs4 #aej #ajj ,,powder1 ,saluting #ej and #gcj extra for each flag ship4 ,not to be given to vessels less than six guns4 ,,powder1 ,shell-,charges in ,bags ,one to each empty shell4 ,,powder1 ,measures1 ,one to each ,copper sets4 magazine and shell-room4 ,,powder1 ,whips ,no4 ,as required4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fuzes1 ,,percussion for ,one-half the ,rifle-,shell ,no4number of shell4 ,,fuzes1 in metal stocks1 spare1 assorted #c-a_/b1 ,one to four shells4 #g1 #bj sec4 ,no4 ,,fuzes1 ,,time1 for ,one-half the ,rifle-,shell ,no4number of shell4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes for ,no4 ,as needed4 ,to be accounted for by ,gunner4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes ,as needed4 ,to be accounted ,keys for ,no4for by ,gunner4 ,,fuzes1 ,plug-extractor ,no4 ,one to each shell-room4 ,,hose1 with ,pipes ,no4 ,one to each magazine and shell-room4 ,,knives1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,lamp-,,feeders1 ,tin ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,lanterns1 ,copper1 with ,one to each ,lamps ,no4light-box4 ,,lanterns1 ,glass ,chimneys ,six to each lamp for ,no4requiring them4 ,,magazine-,,dresses suits4 #h #h #f #c #d #b ,,magazine ,shoes pair4 #h #h #f #c #d #b ,,powder1 ,rounds #aaj1 and #fe extra for each ,pivot-gun4 ,,powder1 ,musket lbs4 #fj #fj #ej #ej #ej #ej ,,powder1 ,saluting #ej and #gcj extra for each flag ship4 ,not to be given to vessels less than six guns4 ,,powder1 ,shell-,charges in ,bags ,one to each empty shell4 ,,powder1 ,measures1 ,one to each magazine and ,copper sets4shell-room4 ,,powder1 ,whips ,no4 ,as required4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,fuzes1 ,,percussion for ,rifle-,shell ,no4 ,,fuzes1 in metal stocks1 spare1 assorted #c-a_/b1 #g1 #bj sec4 ,no4 ,,fuzes1 ,,time1 for ,rifle-,shell ,no4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes for ,no4 ,,fuzes1 ,packing-boxes ,keys for ,no4 ,,fuzes1 ,plug-extractor ,no4 ,,hose1 with ,pipes ,no4 ,,knives1 ,copper ,no4 ,,lamp-,,feeders1 ,tin ,no4 ,,lanterns1 ,copper1 with ,lamps ,no4 ,,lanterns1 ,glass ,chimneys for ,no4 ,,magazine-,,dresses suits4 #h #f #d #b #h #f #d #b ,,magazine ,shoes pair4 #h #f #d #b #h #f #d #b ,,powder1 ,rounds ,,powder1 ,musket lbs4 #aaj #fe #ej #ej #fj #ej #ej #ej ,,powder1 ,saluting #ej and #gcj extra for each flag ship4 ,not to be given to vessels less than six guns4 ,,powder1 ,shell-,charges in ,bags ,,powder1 ,measures1 ,copper sets4 ,,powder1 ,whips ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,scissors1 ,lamp ,no4 ,one pair to each light-box4 ,,scoops1 ,copper ,no4 ,two to each magazine4 ,,screens1 ,baize ,no4 ,two to each magazine and shell-room1 if required4 ,,swabs ,no4 ,two to each magazine1 if required4 ,,tanks1 ,powder1 ,copper ,no4 ,enough to hold all the powder4 ,,tank-,,screws1 ,spare ,no4 ,one to ten tanks4 ,,tank ,wrenches ,no4 ,one to each magazine when necessary4 ,,tank ,heavers1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,vices1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each vessel4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,scissors1 ,lamp ,no4 ,one pair to each light-box4 ,,scoops1 ,copper ,no4 ,two to each magazine4 ,,screens1 ,baize ,no4 ,two to each magazine and shell-room1 if required4 ,,swabs ,no4,two to each magazine1 if required4 ,,tanks1 ,powder1 ,copper ,no4 ,enough to hold all the powder4 ,,tank-,,screws1 ,spare ,no4 ,one to ten tanks4 ,,tank ,wrenches ,no4 ,one to each magazine when necessary4 ,,tank ,heavers1 ,copper ,no4 ,one to each magazine4 ,,vices1 ,copper ,no4,one to each vessel4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,magazine ,stores1 c4 --,continued4 ,,scissors1 ,lamp ,no4 ,,scoops1 ,copper ,no4 ,,screens1 ,baize ,no4 ,,swabs ,no4 ,,tanks1 ,powder1 ,copper ,no4 ,,tank-,,screws1 ,spare ,no4 ,,tank ,wrenches ,no4 ,,tank ,heavers1 ,copper ,no4 ,,vices1 ,copper ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles ,,awls1 ,saddlers ,no4 #cf #bd ,,axes1 ,wood ,no4 #f #e ,,beeswax lbs4 ,one pound to each gun1 two to each shell and pivot gun4 ,,bolts1 ,clevis ,no4 ,as required4 ,,boxes1 ,division1 ,supply and ,reserve ,no4 ,one of each to each division of guns4 ,,callipers ,no4 ,,camphor lbs4 #f #e ,,chests1 ,arm1 for ,boats ,no4 ,one to each launch and first cutter4 ,,chute1 ,powder ,no4 ,one to each scuttle4 ,,emery 7for ,armorer's use7 lbs4 #e #d ,,files1 ,rat-tail1 for ,spikes for ,howitzers ,no4 #b ,,flash-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 #b #b ,,glass1 thick plates ,no4 ,half set to each battle-lantern1 cut to fit4 ,,gongs ,no4 ,one to each gun-deck4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles ,,awls1 ,saddlers ,no4 #ah #ah #ab #ab #ab #f ,,axes1 ,wood ,no4 #e #e #d #d #c #b ,,beeswax lbs4 ,one pound to each gun1 two to each shell and pivot gun4 ,,bolts1 ,clevis ,no4 ,as required4 ,,boxes1 ,division1 ,supply and ,reserve ,no4 ,one of each to each division of guns4 ,,callipers ,no4 ,,camphor lbs4 #d #d #c #c #b #a ,,chests1 ,arm1 for ,boats ,no4,one to each launch and first cutter4 ,,chute1 ,powder ,no4 ,one to each scuttle4 ,,emery 7for ,armorer's use7 lbs4 #c #c #b #b #b #a ,,files1 ,rat-tail1 for ,spikes for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,flash-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 #b #b #b #a #a #a ,,glass1 thick plates ,no4 ,half set to each battle-lantern1 cut to fit4 ,,gongs ,no4,one to each gun-deck4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles ,,awls1 ,saddlers ,no4 #bd #ah #ab #f #bd #ah #ab #f ,,axes1 ,wood ,no4 #e #e #d #c #e #d #c #b ,,beeswax lbs4 ,one pound to each gun1 two to each shell and pivot gun4 ,,bolts1 ,clevis ,no4 ,,boxes1 ,division1 ,supply and ,reserve ,no4 ,,callipers ,no4 ,,camphor lbs4 #e #d #b #a #d #c #b #a ,,chests1 ,arm1 for ,boats ,no4 ,,chute1 ,powder ,no4 ,,emery 7for ,armorer's use7 lbs4 #d #c #b #a #d #c #b #a ,,files1 ,rat-tail1 for ,spikes for ,howitzers ,no4 ,,flash-,,pans1 ,copper ,no4 #b #b #a #a #b #b #a #a ,,glass1 thick plates ,no4 ,,gongs ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,grubbing-,,hoe and ,,pickaxe1 ,one to each combined ,no4 field-carriage4 ,,hammers1 ,claw ,no4 #b #b ,,hammers1 ,saddler's ,no4 #b #b ,,knives1 ,shoe ,no4 #c #b ,,ladles1 ,shot1 great guns ,no4 ,one to each calibre4 ,,lanterns1 ,dark1 7small1 with ,reflectors7 ,no4 #a_/aj ,,lead1 ,black1 pulverized lbs4 #bd #ab ,,lock-,,strings1 spare faths4 #c ,,locks1 ,,pad1 ,brass1 and ,keys ,no4 ,two to each magazine and light box scuttle and arm-chest4 ,,match-,,rope lbs4 #ej #dj ,,muslin for ,,targets yds4 #ej #ej ,,oil1 ,sperm1 for ,small ,arms galls4 #aj #h ,,oil1 ,sperm1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,as needed4 ,,nails1 #c;d1 for strapping ,shell lbs4 #aj #e ,,pendulum ,no4 ,,putty1 in ,bladders lbs4 #ajj #ge ,,quadrant1 ,,gunner',s ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,grubbing-,,hoe and ,,pickaxe1 ,one to each combined ,no4field-carriage4 ,,hammers1 ,claw ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,hammers1 ,saddler's ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #a ,,knives1 ,shoe ,no4 #b #b #b #b #b #b ,,ladles1 ,shot1 great guns ,no4 ,one to each calibre4 ,,lanterns1 ,dark1 7small1 with ,reflectors7 ,no4 ,,lead1 ,black1 pulverized lbs4 #f #f #f #e #d #c ,,lock-,,strings1 spare faths4 ,,locks1 ,,pad1 ,brass1 and ,keys ,no4 ,two to each magazine and light box scuttle and arm-chest4 ,,match-,,rope lbs4 #cj #cj #be #be #bj #aj ,,muslin for ,,targets yds4 #ej #ej #dj #dj #dj #bj ,,oil1 ,sperm1 for ,small ,arms galls4 #f #f #e #e #e #c ,,oil1 ,sperm1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,,nails1 #c;d1 for strapping ,shell lbs4 #c #c #b #a #b #a ,,pendulum ,no4 ,,putty1 in ,bladders lbs4 #ej #ej #de #bj #dj #bj ,,quadrant1 ,,gunner',s ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,grubbing-,,hoe and ,,pickaxe1 combined ,no4 ,,hammers1 ,claw ,no4 #b #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,hammers1 ,saddler's ,no4 #b #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,knives1 ,shoe ,no4 #b #b #b #a #b #b #a #a ,,ladles1 ,shot1 great guns ,no4 ,,lanterns1 ,dark1 7small1 with ,reflectors7 ,no4 ,,lead1 ,black1 pulverized lbs4 #ab #f #e #c #f #e #d #c ,,lock-,,strings1 spare faths4 ,,locks1 ,,pad1 ,brass1 and ,keys ,no4 ,two to each magazine and light box scuttle and arm-chest4 ,,match-,,rope lbs4 #dj #cj #bj #aj #dj #cj #bj #aj ,,muslin for ,,targets yds4 #ej #ej #dj #bj #ej #ej #dj #bj ,,oil1 ,sperm1 for ,small ,arms galls4 #h #f #e #c #f #e #c #c ,,oil1 ,sperm1 ,tin ,cans for ,no4 ,,nails1 #c;d1 for strapping ,shell lbs4 #e #c #b #a #e #c #b #a ,,pendulum ,no4 ,,putty1 in ,bladders lbs4 #ge #ej #dj #bj #ej #dj #bj #bj ,,quadrant1 ,,gunner',s ,no4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,hand ,no4 #b_/aj ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,one at wheel and ,fixed ,no4 one on each gun-deck4 ,,screw-,,drivers ,no4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,one set for each ,navy ,no4 vessel armed with shell-guns4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,one set for each ,parrott ,no4 vessel armed with these guns4 ,,shears1 ,sheep ,no4 ,one pair to each vessel4 ,,shell-,,whips ,no4 ,as required4 ,,shovels1 ,intrenching ,no4 ,two for each field-carriage4 ,,signal-,,light ,,dischargers ,no4 ,one for each vessel4 ,,sheepskin1 covers for ,sponge-heads 7made up7 ,no4 #a-a_/b ,,slings1 ,gun1 chain ,no4 #b #b ,,tacks1 ,copper1 for ,sponge-heads ,no4 #ajjj #ejj ,,tacks1 ,iron1 for strapping ,shell ,no4 #djjj #bjjj ,,target ,,frame ,no4 ,one to each vessel2 to be fitted on board4 ,,thread1 ,shoe lbs4 #c #b ,,tongs1 ,shot ,no4 ,as required4 ,,tubs1 ,fire ,no4 ,one to each chain of scuttles4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,hand ,no4 ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,one at wheel and one on each ,fixed ,no4gun-deck4 ,,screw-,,drivers ,no4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,one set for each vessel armed ,navy ,no4with shell-guns4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,one set for each vessel armed ,parrott ,no4with these guns4 ,,shears1 ,sheep ,no4 ,one pair to each vessel4 ,,shell-,,whips ,no4 ,as required4 ,,shovels1 ,intrenching ,no4 ,two for each field-carriage4 ,,signal-,,light ,,dischargers ,no4 ,one for each vessel4 ,,sheepskin1 covers for ,sponge-heads 7made up7 ,no4 ,,slings1 ,gun1 chain ,no4 #a #a #a #a #a #a ,,tacks1 ,copper1 for ,sponge-heads ,no4 #cjj #cjj #bjj #bjj #bjj #ajj ,,tacks1 ,iron1 for strapping ,shell ,no4#abjjabjjajjjajjjajjj #fjj ,,target ,,frame ,no4,one to each vessel2 to be fitted on board4 ,,thread1 ,shoe lbs4 #a #a #a #a #a #a_/b ,,tongs1 ,shot ,no4 ,,tubs1 ,fire ,no4,one to each chain of scuttles4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,steamers4 -------------------------------------- ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 -------------------------------- #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd #dth ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,hand ,no4 ,,rattles for calling ,boarders1 ,fixed ,no4 ,,screw-,,drivers ,no4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,navy ,no4 ,,screw-,,plate and ,,tap1 fuze1 ,parrott ,no4 ,,shears1 ,sheep ,no4 ,,shell-,,whips ,no4 ,,shovels1 ,intrenching ,no4 ,,signal-,,light ,,dischargers ,no4 ,,sheepskin1 covers for ,sponge-heads 7made up7 ,no4 ,,slings1 ,gun1 chain ,no4 #b #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,,tacks1 ,copper1 for ,sponge-heads ,no4 #ejj #cjj #bjjajj #ejj #cjj #bjjajj ,,tacks1 ,iron1 for strapping ,shell ,no4#bjjjabjjajjjfjjbjjjabjjajjjfjj ,,target ,,frame ,no4 ,,thread1 ,shoe lbs4 #b #a #aa_/b #b #a #aa-a_/b ,,tongs1 ,shot ,no4 ,,tubs1 ,fire ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,proportion,,ships- ,,frigates4 ,,to ,,each ,,of-,,the ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,,gun4 -,,line4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #gba #djb ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,wax1 for taking ,vent ,impressions lbs4 #a_/b ,,wicks1 ,woven gross4 ,one-half to each lamp requiring them4 ,,wicks1 ,cotton lbs4 ,,yarn1 ,worsted lbs4 #b #a ,,yarn1 ,coarse ,woollen 7,thrums7 lbs4 #b #a #ba-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 #ah-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,sloops-,,of-,,war4 ,,brigs4 ,classes4 ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ----------------------- ,razees4 -------------------- #ast #bnd #ast #bnd #crd ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,complements #bfe #bce #aef #ace #ig #fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,wax1 for taking ,vent ,impressions lbs4 ,,wicks1 ,woven gross4 ,one-half to each lamp requiring them4 ,,wicks1 ,cotton lbs4 ,,yarn1 ,worsted lbs4 #a #a #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b ,,yarn1 ,coarse ,woollen 7,thrums7 lbs4 #a #a #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b #a_/b #ba-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 #ah-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,steamers4 ------------------------------------ ,,names ,,of ,,articles4 ,screw4 ,side-wheel4 ,classes4 ,classes4 ------------------------------ #ast #bnd #crd#dth #ast #bnd #crd#dth ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,complements #eba #ccc #aaj #fa #bbd #ahg #ge #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,miscellaneous ,articles --,continued4 ,,wax1 for taking ,vent ,impressions lbs4 ,,wicks1 ,woven gross4 ,,wicks1 ,cotton lbs4 ,,yarn1 ,worsted lbs4 #a #a #a_/ba_/b #a #a #a_/ba_/b ,,yarn1 ,coarse ,woollen 7,thrums7 lbs4 #a #a #a_/ba_/b #a #a #a_/ba_/b #ba-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 #ah-thd4 ,,hemp1 ,boat's service lbs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,tables of ,allowances of ,ordnance ,equipments and ,stores--,continued4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,,books4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- #a4 ,,ordnance ,,instructions ,one to ,commander1 one to ,executive ,officer1 one to each divisional officer1 and one to the ,gunner of every ship4,a #b4 ,,boat ,,armament--,dahlgren's ,one to each vessel of #ast1 #b;d1 and #c;d rates4 #c4 ,,shells ,,and ,,shell-,,guns1 do4 ,one to each vessel of #ast1 #b;d1 and #c;d rates4 #d4 ,,the ,,naval ,,howitzer ,,ashore ,,and ,,afloat--,parker ,two to each vessel above #dth rate2 one to #dth rate4 #e4 ,,naval ,,gunnery--,sir ,h4 ,douglas ,one to each vessel above #dth rate4 #f4 ,,naval ,,gunnery--,simpson ,one to each vessel4 #g4 ,,ordnance ,,and ,,armor--,holley ,one to #ast and #b;d rates4 #h4 ,,experiments ,,on ,,gunpowder--,mordecai ,one to #ast1 #b;d1 and #c;d rates4 #i4 ,,gunnery ,,catechism--,brandt ,same allowance as the ,ordnance ,instructions with the addition of one to each ,captain of a gun4,a #aj4 ,,ordnance ,,circulars ,same allowance as the ,ordnance ,instructions4,a #aa4 ,,blank-,,books ,,and ,,returns ,one set to each vessel4 #ab4 ,,table ,,of ,,ranges--,buckner ,two to each vessel above #dth rate2 one to #dth rate4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,note ,a3 ,all of these books to be receipted for by the persons receiving them1 accounted for1 and turned over to successor or ,inspector of ,ordnance4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,,absences1 temporary1 of some of a gun's crew1 how supplied #a2 #dh2 #bag1 #bah ,,accidents1 to guns1 to be reported in detail #c2 #ce2 #fg ,,aiming1 precautions to be observed in #a2 #gh2 #bhc by the line of metal1 not to be relied on1 c4 #a2 #hj2 #big ,,air-,,ports1 to be closed and secured in exercise with powder #a2 #ci2 #afh ,,all-,,hands1 the call for1 and duties of #a2 #ai1 #cg2 #ib1 #afa ,,allowances1 for target practice1 how to be expended #a2 #d2 #aj for mortars #a2 #abf2 #ejc of ordnance and ordnance stores1 not to be exceeded #c2 #e2 #ae1 #af ,,ammunition1 allowance of1 for target practice2 not to be reduced by target practice1 or saluting1 below #ajj broadsides #a2 #d2 #g expenditure of1 for target practice1 directions as to #a2 #d2 #aj for boats1 on armed expeditions #b2 #g2 #aj fixed1 preferable on the score of convenience1 c4 #b2 #bd2 #fh fixed1 should not be put where barreled powder is #c2 #di2 #acg a statement of the1 to be furnished by the ,ordnance ,officer1 to ,commanding ,officers of vessels #c2 #ea2 #adf for small arms1 dimensions of boxes for #c2 #ee2 #afg ,,ammunition-,,boxes1 to be preserved1 and returned into store #a2 #aj2 #dc ,,armament1 defects in1 to be remedied or reported #a2 #d2 #e quarterly examinations of1 to be made1 c4 #a2 #e2 #ae ,,armorers1 to accompany landing-parties with their tools #b2 #bf2 #gh ,,arms1 of any description1 not to be given away #a2 #f2 #ai for the men at the guns #a2 #ba-bd2 #aja of men in the master's division #a2 #be2 #aja fire1 use of1 in the tops1 dangerous1 c4 #a2 #be2 #ajc for the watch below1 to be ready for use in time of war #a2 #ie2 #cfa kind of1 to be furnished to boarders #b2 #c2 #d table of1 for boat expeditions #b2 #d2 #e pecuniary responsibility for the loss of #c2 #f2 #ag lost or destroyed in action1 to be certified to1 c4 #c2 #f2 #ai ,,assembling ,,at ,,quarters1 the drum beats for #a2 #cf2 #aed in what order the men proceed to their guns #a2 #cf2 #aee without powder1 orders to the men #a2 #cf2 #aeg with powder1 orders to the men #a2 #cg2 #aeh the call for boarders #a2 #cg2 #aei the call for pikemen to repel boarders #a2 #cg2 #afj the call for all-hands #a2 #cg2 #afa the call for sail-trimmers #a2 #cg2 #afb the call for firemen #a2 #cg2 #afc at the call for1 every person repairs to his station1 c4 #a2 #cg2 #aff ,,assistant ,,engineers1 part of the ,engineer's division1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #ge ,,artillery1 ,,naval ,,light1 remarks on the use of1 ashore and in boats #b2 #ba-bd2 #dd-fh ,b4 ,,balls1 the piling of2 to find the number of #c2 #da2 #ie the number of1 in a triangular pile #c2 #db2 #if the number of1 in a square pile #c2 #db2 #ig ,,batteries1 to be kept clean and ready for action #a2 #g2 #bd ,,battle-,,axes1 the number allowed for pivot and other guns #a2 #ba2 #aja ,,bayonet-,,scabbards1 the materials and sizes of #c2 #gi2 #beg ,,beaumont1 his roller handspike adopted for the service #c2 #ge2 #bch ,,beds ,,for ,,guns1 the arrangement of #a2 #hc2 #cjg ,,bells1 the ringing of1 indicative of a case of fire #a2 #ig2 #cga ,,black-,,stain1 for wood or iron1 its composition #c2 #hh2 #bga ,,boarders1 of whom to be composed #a2 #ah2 #hg-ij to be in two divisions #a2 #ah2 #hh assignment of officers to the divisions of #a2 #ah2 #ij the call for1 and duties of #a2 #cg2 #aei-afe may be ordered for service without the call #a2 #cg2 #afd swords and pistols to be ready for the use of #a2 #dj2 #agi general directions and orders2 when first called away #a2 #ib2 #ccf general directions and orders2 prepare to board #a2 #ib2 #ccg general directions and orders2 board the enemy #a2 #ib2 #cch general directions and orders2 prepare to repel boarders #a2 #ic2 #cci to be exercised with the single-stick and sword #a2 #ic2 #cdd what arms to be supplied with #b2 #c2 #d rattles for calling #c2 #fi2 #bag ,,boarding-,,nettings1 in time of war1 to be secured at evening quarters #a2 #ie2 #cei ,,boats1 crews of1 to be frequently exercised #a2 #e2 #ac equipment of1 when being armed for service #b2 #c-i2 #a-ah howitzers for1 exercises of #b2 #aa-bd2 #bj-fh armed for service1 manoeuvres of #b2 #bd2 #fi grapnels for1 description and use of #c2 #gj2 #bba harness-casks for1 use and size of #c2 #gg2 #bdh ,,boat-,,carriages1 for howitzers1 of what they consist #b2 #aj2 #ai ,,boat-,,guns1 tackles not required for #ab-pdrs #b2 #bb2 #eg proper charges for #c2 #ed2 #afd ,,boatswains1 in action1 their stations and duties #a2 #ae2 #fi duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #bh2 #aah ,,bombs1 for mortars1 #ajj to be kept always ready filled #a2 #abj2 #dfh to estimate distance by the bursting of #a2 #abj2 #dga filling1 directions concerning #a2 #abb2 #dib1 #dic ,,bormann ,,fuzes1 the description and use of #a2 #ij2 #cbh for shrapnell or shell1 a description of1 c4 #b2 #bc2 #ff the danger of cutting them improperly #c2 #de2 #aab ,,boys1 distribution of1 when at quarters #a2 #ag2 #ha ,,breechings1 for all guns1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #ff2 #bjh ,,bristle-,,sponges1 sizes and description of #c2 #gc2 #bca ,,broadside-,,guns1 equipments and implements for #a2 #cc2 #adh stations and gun-numbers of crews of #a2 #ce2 #aeb exercises at1 directions as to #a2 #ci1 #dj2 #afi-agi may be advantageously fired once in #ge seconds #a2 #da2 #ahb manual exercise of1 on one side2 orders for1 c4 #a2 #df-ed2 #bjd-bbi shifting positions of the crews of #a2 #ef2 #bcc firing them when partially run in #a2 #eg2 #bcd changing sides1 or manning one side only #a2 #eg2 #bce exercise of1 on both sides at once #a2 #eh2 #bcf firing alternately1 inferior to manning alternate guns with full crews #a2 #eh2 #bcg quick firing of1 directions as to #a2 #eh2 #bch1 #bci shifting breechings of1 in action #a2 #ei2 #bdj position of the bolts for carriages of #c2 #ff2 #bjg ,c4 ,,cables1 in time of war1 to be kept ready for slipping #a2 #ie2 #ceg ,,callipers1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #ai2 #bh1 #bi ,,canister1 in action1 the proper use of #a2 #gf2 #bgd in action1 the proper use of1 for boat-howitzers #b2 #bc2 #fe dimensions1 weight1 c41 of #c2 #dj2 #ic ,,captains4 ,see ,,commanding ,,officers4 ,,captains ,,of ,,guns1 the selection and examination of #a2 #ah2 #hd stations and numbers of1 for broadside guns #a2 #ce2 #aeb duties of1 when preparing for exercise at broadside guns #a2 #dj2 #agj duties of1 when exercising broadside guns on one side #a2 #dg-ed2 #bjf-bbi duties of1 when housing lower-deck guns #a2 #ed2 #bcj duties of1 when shifting breechings in action #a2 #ei2 #bdj stations1 c41 of1 for pivot guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc duties of1 when the vents are obstructed #a2 #gd2 #bei duties of1 when the locks or primers fail #a2 #gg2 #bgi duties of1 in pointing the guns #a2 #gd-gh2 #bha-cjh duties of1 in preparing howitzers for boats #b2 #aa2 #bj duties of1 in aiming and firing boat-howitzers #b2 #ae2 #bf duties of1 in disembarking howitzers #b2 #ag1 #ah2 #ca-ce waist belts for1 materials and sizes #c2 #gg2 #bdi ,,carbines1 crews to be exercised in the use of #a2 #e2 #ab how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,carcasses1 for mortars1 description and use of #a2 #aba2 #dge1 #dgf ,,carpenters1 general and special duties of #a2 #ab2 #eg-fj duties of1 in preparing for action1 c4 #a2 #ab2 #eg duties of1 in guarding against fire #a2 #ab2 #eh duties of1 in repairing injuries from shot #a2 #ab2 #ei directions to1 for finding the position of shot holes1 c4 #a2 #ab2 #fj duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #cj2 #acj-acf ,,carpenter',s ,,mates1 the stations of1 when at quarters #a2 #ae2 #gj ,,carriages4 ,see ,,gun-,,carriages4 ,,cascabels1 of boat-howitzers1 a description of #b2 #aj2 #ai ,,cascabel-,,blocks1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #bj2 #bh1 #bi ,,cartridges1 metallic1 how to be kept and stowed #a2 #aj2 #da passing them from the magazines #a2 #da2 #aha-ahc when to be put in the passing-boxes #a2 #dd2 #aie-agi when filled for issue1 directions as to #c2 #ea2 #adg1 #adh for small-arms1 the quantity of powder for each #c2 #ee2 #aff ,,cartridge-,,boxes1 materials1 description and sizes of #c2 #gh1 #gi2 #bed1 #bee ,,cement1 the composition of #c2 #hh2 #bga ,,chaplains1 their stations when at quarters #a2 #ae2 #gc ,,charges1 distinguishing marks of1 for all classes of guns #a2 #ai2 #ci for ,parrott-shells #a2 #aja2 #che for mortars1 directions as to #a2 #aai2 #dfa1 #dfb for #ac-;inch1 mortar-bombs #a2 #abd2 #ejj for proving shot and shell guns #c2 #bb2 #ca of powder1 for spherical shells #c2 #dd2 #aje for smooth-bore guns1 service #c2 #ec2 #afj for rifled guns1 service #c2 #ed2 #afa for boat and field howitzers1 service #c2 #ed2 #afd old cylinders may be used for saluting #c2 #ei2 #ahe ,,chief ,,engineers4 ,see ,,engineers-,,chief4 ,,cleaning1 small-arms1 directions as to #c2 #hj-hb2 #bfb-bfi ,,clerks1 their stations when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gf ,,coal-,,heavers1 when at quarters1 part of the ,engineer's division #a2 #af2 #ge ,,cocks1 for magazines1 the proper mode of their construction #c2 #fb2 #aii ,,cockswains1 duties of1 in preparing for boat expeditions #b2 #aa2 #bj ,,commanding ,,officers1 to require all ordnance instructions to be duly enforced and obeyed by all under them1 c4 #a2 #c2 #a duties of1 as to exercising crews when first received on board1 and subsequently #a2 #c2 #b exercising their crews at night #a2 #c2 #c to ascertain by firing one round1 whether all the gun equipments are complete1 c4 #a2 #d2 #d duties of1 when defects or deficiencies exist in the armament or equipments #a2 #d2 #e when to order surveys on ordnance stores #a2 #d2 #f directions to1 in expenditures for target practice #a2 #d2 #g1 #aj to accustom the men to the use of loaded shells #a2 #d2 #h to have duly preserved the relative proportions of the respective charges of powder on hand #a2 #d2 #i when practising at the guns in port1 directions #a2 #e2 #aa to exercise their crews in the use of small-arms #a2 #e2 #ab to exercise boats' crews in the use of howitzers1 c4 #a2 #e2 #ac to forward quarterly reports of all firing #a2 #e2 #ad to make quarterly examinations of the armament #a2 #e2 #ae special attention required as to condition of fuzes #a2 #e2 #af precautions to be taken when filling shells1 c4 #a2 #e2 #ag never to have the guns unfit for instant use1 unless #a2 #f2 #ah not to give away arms of any description #a2 #f2 #ai to keep the keys of the ordnance store-rooms in the cabin #a2 #f2 #bj entering friendly ports1 gun charges to be drawn1 c4 #a2 #f2 #ba not to allow friction matches on board #a2 #f2 #bb their stations when in action #a2 #ad2 #fe to designate the hatchways to be used by boarders #a2 #be2 #ajb alone to permit the use of fire-arms in the tops #a2 #be2 #ajc their duties at general quarters #a2 #bf2 #ajd-ajg to understand thoroughly the use of fuzes #a2 #ij2 #ccj to report the efficiency of all fuzes fired1 c4 #a2 #ij2 #cca of small vessels1 lying in rivers in time of war1 duties of #a2 #ie1 #if2 #cei-cfh duties of1 in case of fire #a2 #ig-ajj2 #cgj-chc to understand the construction of ,parrott projectiles #a2 #ajb2 #cij to forward reports on rifle projectiles #a2 #ajb2 #cib to refer to the ,allowance ,tables1 before making requisitions for ordnance or ordnance stores #c2 #e2 #af to certify as to arms lost or destroyed in action #c2 #f2 #ai to sign ,ordnance ,ledgers before leaving the ,navy ,yard #c2 #g2 #bj before sailing1 to be furnished with a descriptive list of their batteries #c2 #cb2 #eh before sailing1 to be furnished with impressions of the vents of their guns #c2 #cc2 #fj to report in detail the action of all fuzes #c2 #dg2 #abf before sailing1 to be furnished with a statement of the powder1 small-arms1 projectiles1 c41 put on board #c2 #ea2 #adf ,,commands4 ,see ,,words ,,of ,,command4 ,,compressormen1 for pivot-guns1 their stations and numbers #a2 #fb2 #bdc ,,compositions1 ,plantou's #c2 #he2 #bga ,brainard's #c2 #hh2 #bga for lining rifle shells #c2 #hi2 #bga ,,concussion-,,fuzes1 none reliable yet for spherical shells #a2 #ij2 #cbi ,,condemnations1 of guns or small-arms1 not allowed1 except #c2 #ca2 #ea ,,cone-,,picks1 materials and description of #c2 #gi2 #bef ,,contractors1 to be enjoined to secrecy in regard to guns1 c4 #c2 #d2 #i ,,cooking-,,utensils1 for boats on armed expeditions #b2 #g2 #ad ,,coopering1 never to be done in magazines #a2 #aj2 #dd ,,correspondence1 routine of1 between ordnance officers and the ,bureau #c2 #g2 #bb-bd ,,crews1 the stationing and exercising of #a2 #c #b to be exercised in the use of small-arms #a2 #e2 #ab to be instructed in their duties by division officers #a2 #h2 #ca distribution of1 for each class of guns #a2 #af2 #gh-ha qualifications of1 to be known1 prior to assignment1 c4 #a2 #ag2 #hc of pivot and other guns1 distribution and arms of #a2 #ba2 #aja of broadside guns1 stations and gun-numbers of #a2 #ce2 #aeb when assembled at quarters for inspection #a2 #cf2 #aef exercising at broadside-guns #a2 #ci2 #afi temporary absences at exercises1 how supplied #a2 #dh2 #bag1 #bah respective duties of1 when exercising broadside-guns #a2 #di2 #bai-bbi of guns1 directions as to shifting places of #a2 #ef2 #bcc of guns1 directions as to changing sides1 or manning one side only #a2 #eg2 #bce instructions to be given to1 for quick firing #a2 #eh2 #bch1 #bci of pivot-guns1 stations and gun-numbers of #a2 #fb2 #bdc of the guns of monitors1 the duties of #a2 #aji-aab2 #dba-dce of mortars1 with their titles1 c #a2 #aac2 #ddd of boat-howitzers1 with their stations and duties #b2 #ac2 #ba ,,cutlasses1 how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,cylinders1 white alone to be used in future #a2 #i2 #ci materials1 sizes and marks of #c2 #eg2 #aha the making of1 and patterns for #c2 #eh2 #ahb-ahd for saluting charges #c2 #eh2 #ahe preservation of1 from moths #c2 #ei2 #ahg ,d4 ,,dahlgren ,,rifled-,,cannon1 denominations1 weights1 charges1 c41 of4 #a2 #aja2 #chd prerequisites to the proper use of1 c #a2 #ajb2 #cib cutting the screw-holes for #c2 #bg2 #ch size of vents in #c2 #cd2 #fd ,,descriptive-,,lists1 of guns1 form of1 c4 #c2 #cc2 #eh ,,dies1 for marking guns1 description of1 c #c2 #ag2 #bh ,,distances ,,of ,,objects ,,at ,,sea1 how to be determined #a2 #ha1 #hb2 #cja-cje how to be determined when using mortars #a2 #aba2 #dhj-dhc ,,distinguishing-,,flags1 to be supplied to each division of boats1 when #b2 #bf2 #ha yellow1 to indicate the boat with medical officers #b2 #bf2 #hc ,,divisions1 of ,officers and guns on each deck #a2 #ad2 #fg1 #fh ,masters'1 station and duties of1 when at quarters1 c4 #a2 #ae2 #fi ,powder1 station and duties of1 when at quarters1 c4 #a2 #ae2 #gj ,marines1 station and duties of1 when at quarters1 c4 #a2 #ae2 #ga ,surgeons'1 station and duties of1 when at quarters1 c4 #a2 #ae2 #gb ,engineers'1 station and duties of1 when at quarters1 c4 #a2 #ae2 #ge ,masters'1 distribution of small-arms for #a2 #be2 #aja ,masters'1 duties of1 in battle #a2 #bg2 #aaa ,engineers'1 duties of1 in battle #a2 #bh2 #aai ,powder1 duties of1 in battle #a2 #bh-ca2 #abj-acg ,surgeons'1 duties of1 in battle #a2 #ca2 #ach1 #aci of guns1 duties of ,officers ,commanding1 in action #a2 #ca-cc2 #adj-aea ,shell and ,powder1 in ,monitors1 the duties of #a2 #aab2 #dcf-ddc ,,dresses4 ,see ,,magazine ,,dresses4 ,,drift1 in rifle-guns1 always to the right1 c4 #a2 #aje2 #djf1 #djg ,,drills1 company and battalion1 recommended #a2 #e2 #ab for howitzers in the field1 the proper kind of #b2 #ba2 #df-di ,,drums1 the beats on1 for assembling at ,quarters #a2 #cf2 #aed ,e4 ,,elevating-,,screws1 description1 use of1 c4 #a2 #hc2 #cjg for rifle-guns1 description and use of #a2 #aje2 #djh ,,engineers-,,chief1 duties of1 in relation to tools and implements #a2 #i2 #ce to be in charge of their divisions when at quarters #a2 #af2 #ge duties of1 when at general quarters #a2 #bh2 #aai duties of1 in cases of fire on board a ship #a2 #ii2 #cha ,,ensigns1 stations and duties of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gf ,,equipments1 one round to be fired to ascertain the completeness of #a2 #d2 #d when deficiencies exist in1 duty of ,commanding ,officers #a2 #d2 #e to be kept dry1 and salt water not to be used in cleaning #a2 #aa2 #dh for broadside-guns #a2 #cc2 #adh for pivot-guns #a2 #fa2 #bdb for mortars #a2 #aad2 #dde of ,captains of ,guns #c2 #gg2 #bdi ,,estimates1 for ordnance materials1 to be made by ,ordnance ,officers #c2 #c2 #b ,,evolutions1 of howitzers in the field1 directions as to #b2 #ba2 #dg ,,examinations1 of guns1 directions as to making #c2 #cb-ce2 #eg-fg ,,executive ,,officers1 duties of1 in receiving1 stowing1 and using ordnance stores #a2 #f2 #bc duties of1 in connection with the batteries1 magazines1 small-arms1 c4 #a2 #g2 #bd to arrange for the stowage of all spare articles1 and to have the shot and shells ready for action #a2 #g2 #be duties of1 when salutes are to be fired #a2 #g2 #bh to have cots ready for lowering the wounded #a2 #g2 #bh to inspect the magazines1 before receiving powder #a2 #g2 #bg the stations of1 in battle #a2 #ad2 #ff to lead the boarders #a2 #ah2 #ij duties of1 when at general quarters #a2 #bg2 #ajh to understand perfectly the use1 c41 of fuzes #a2 #ij2 #ccj to understand perfectly the use of ,parrott projectiles #a2 #ajb2 #cij to certify as to arms lost or destroyed in action #c2 #f2 #ai to sign the ,ordnance ,ledgers of vessels returning home #c2 #f2 #bj ,,exercises1 short and spirited preferable2 indulgences recommended for those who excel in #a2 #c2 #b of crews1 in the use of small-arms #a2 #e2 #ab of crews1 at general quarters1 without powder #a2 #ch2 #afg of crews1 at general quarters1 with powder #a2 #ci2 #afh of crews1 at broadside-guns #a2 #ci2 #afi of broadside-guns on one side only #a2 #df-ed2 #bjc-bbi general remarks on the manual #a2 #ee-eg2 #bca-bce of broadside-guns1 on both sides at once #a2 #eh2 #bcf of pivot-guns1 with orders and mode of executing #a2 #fc-gc2 #bdd-bed of pivot-guns1 notes upon #a2 #gd-hh2 #bef-cac for alarms of fire on board ship #a2 #ii2 #chc for boat-howitzers #b2 #aa2 #bj for boat-howitzers1 stations1 c41 of the men #b2 #ac2 #ba for boat-howitzers1 orders and mode of executing #b2 #ad-ah2 #bb-cf for howitzers on field-carriages1 stations of the crews1 orders and mode of manoeuvring #b2 #ai1 #bj2 #cg-dc ,f4 ,,field-,,carriages1 for howitzers1 of what they consist #b2 #aj2 #ai moderating the recoil of1 on smooth ground #b2 #bb2 #fj ,,filling1 shells1 directions as to #c2 #dd2 #ajh1 #aji cartridges1 directions as to #c2 #ea2 #adg ,,fires1 to be put out1 when preparing for action #a2 #ci2 #afh alarm of1 given when the men are not at quarters #a2 #ig2 #cga taking place when at anchor in port #a2 #ih2 #cgd ,,firing1 of one round directed1 to see that the gun equipments are complete1 c #a2 #d2 #d charges for distant1 ordinary1 and near1 the relative proportions of1 to be preserved1 c #a2 #d2 #i for target practice1 directions as to #a2 #d2 #aj1 #aa quarterly reports of1 to be prepared and forwarded #a2 #e2 #ad salutes1 directions as to #a2 #g2 #bf quick1 or with #b shot1 to be determined by the ,commanding ,officers1 c #a2 #bf2 #ajg two loaded shells together1 disapproved #a2 #gf2 #bfi grape-hot1 the proper occasions for #a2 #gf2 #bga canister1 the proper occasions for #a2 #gf2 #bgd shrapnell1 the proper occasions for #a2 #gf2 #bge at boats1 within point blank range #a2 #hj2 #bid at sea1 general directions as to #a2 #hd2 #caj-cac at will1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #cad in succession1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #cae quick1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #caf direct1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #cag ricochet1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #cah concentration of1 directions as to #a2 #hf-hh2 #cai-cbc solid shot from rifled guns #a2 #ajc2 #cih mortars against the wind1 precautions required #a2 #aai2 #dfe boat-howitzers point blank1 breech sights not required #b2 #af2 #bg amount of1 for each vent1 directions upon #c2 #cc2 #fa ,,firemen1 part of the ,engineer ,division when at quarters #a2 #af2 #ge at quarters1 the selection and duties of #a2 #ai2 #ie the call for1 to repair to the spar-deck1 and duties of #a2 #cg2 #afc-afe duties of1 in preparing for the use of broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agf ,,fire-,,bills1 to be prepared as soon as crews are on board #a2 #c1 #ig2 #b1 #cgj ,,fire-,,buckets1 materials of1 c #c2 #gf2 #bdd ,,fire-,,tubs1 materials of1 c #c2 #gf2 #bdc ,,fireworks1 how and where to be stowed #a2 #aj2 #db a list of1 to be furnished ,commanding ,officers #c2 #ea2 #adf boxes for1 their exterior dimensions1 c #c2 #ee2 #afg ,,flags1 distinguishing1 each division of boats to have #b2 #bf2 #ha yellow1 to indicate the boats with ,medical ,officers #b2 #bf2 #hc red1 to indicate the handling of powder #c2 #eb2 #aeg ,,flash-,,pans1 description and use of #c2 #gj2 #bai ,,friction-,,matches4 ,see ,,matches1 ,,friction4 special attention to be paid to the condition of1 c #a2 #e2 #af not to be shifted nor shortened1 except #a2 #e2 #ag the times of1 to be governed by ,commanding ,officers #a2 #bf2 #ajf construction and composition of #a2 #hi2 #cbd ,,fuzes1 construction of1 not to be explained to foreigners1 c4 #a2 #hi2 #cbe times of burning1 and use of #a2 #hi2 #cbf shortening1 manner of doing it #a2 #hi2 #cbg ,bormann1 description and use of #a2 #ij2 #cbh percussion1 nor concussion1 none yet for spherical shells #a2 #ij2 #cbi times and lengths of1 see ,appendix ,b #a2 #ij2 #ccb percussion1 how to obtain the best effects from #a2 #ij2 #ccc time1 not reliable in rifle-guns #a2 #ia2 #ccd percussion1 and time1 when to be used on rifle-guns #a2 #ajd2 #cii-djb for mortars1 description and use of #a2 #abb2 #dhf-dia examination of1 directions as to #c2 #de2 #aac1 #aad proportions of1 for the different times of #c2 #df2 #aba of #e times1 to be ready for spherical shells1 if required for immediate use1 c4 #c2 #df2 #abb the different kinds of1 to be separately and distinctly packed and marked #c2 #dg2 #abe ,,fuze-,,wrenches1 description and use of #c2 #gg2 #bdf ,g4 ,,gauges1 for shot and shell of rifled cannon #a2 #aja2 #chf cylinder1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #h1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi chamber1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #i1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi star1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #i1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi trunnion1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #ai2 #bh1 #bi vent1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ae1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi for inspection of shot and shell1 with their uses #c2 #cf2 #gj-gd for shot and shell #c2 #ci2 #hh-ij ,,general-,,quarters1 ,mondays to be set apart for1 unless #a2 #c2 #b calls for assembling at #a2 #cf1 #cg2 #aed-aff preparations for exercises at1 without powder #a2 #ch2 #afg preparations for exercises at1 with powder #a2 #ci2 #afh ,,grape-,,shot1 the proper occasions for the use of #a2 #gf2 #bga-bgc dimensions1 weight1 c41 of #c2 #dj2 #ib ,,grapnels1 for boats1 description and use of #c2 #gj2 #bba ,,gravimetric ,,density1 of powder1 what it is and ought to be #c2 #dh2 #acb ,,gravity1 ,,specific1 of powder #c2 #dh2 #acc ,,griolet-,,purchase1 the use of #a2 #abi2 #ejg1 #ejh a detailed description of #c2 #fh2 #bac ,,grommets1 over elongated projectiles1 prohibited #a2 #ajc2 #cif ,,grommet-,,muzzle-,,lashings1 the description and use of #c2 #gf2 #bde ,,guns1 not to be dismounted1 nor struck below1 unless1 c4 #a2 #f2 #ah charges of1 to be drawn1 on entering friendly ports #a2 #f2 #ba to be examined by ,division ,officers #a2 #h2 #cb when about to be struck below1 or prepared for transportation1 directions as to #a2 #aj2 #df to be kept dry2 salt water not to be used in cleaning #a2 #aa2 #dh when ordered to be drawn1 precautions to be taken #a2 #aa2 #eb numbering and arrangement of1 on each deck #a2 #ad2 #fg distribution of crews1 for each class of #a2 #af2 #gh-hj crews of1 their qualifications to be ascertained1 prior to assignment to #a2 #ag2 #hc the selection and examination of ,captains of #a2 #ah2 #hd distribution of crews and arms for the #a2 #ba2 #aja elevation of1 to be directed by ,commanding ,officers #a2 #bf2 #ajf not to be kept loaded longer than necessary #a2 #df2 #bjc housing lower deck1 how to be done #a2 #ed2 #bcj broadside1 exercises of1 objects to be attained #a2 #ee2 #bca1 #bcb broadside1 crews of1 directions as to shifting places #a2 #ef2 #bcc broadside1 the firing of1 when partially run in #a2 #eg2 #bcd fighting both sides at once1 directions as to #a2 #eh2 #bcf when all are to be manned #a2 #eh2 #bcg quick firing of1 directions as to #a2 #eh2 #bch pivot1 words of command1 and mode of execution #a2 #fc-gb2 #bdd-bed pivot1 moving them from one end of the vessel to the other #a2 #gb2 #bee not to be loaded with two shells1 nor two shots1 except #a2 #ge2 #bfh loading with shells1 great attention required #a2 #gf2 #bgj elevating or depressing them1 directions as to #a2 #gh2 #bhg elevating screws for1 directions for their use1 c4 #a2 #hc2 #cjg1 #cjh training of1 general directions upon #a2 #hh2 #cba1 #cbb to be kept ready for use1 in time of war #a2 #id2 #cdf-ceh loading with maximum charges1 c41 in time of war #a2 #if2 #cfi rifled1 must be kept free from sand1 dirt1 c4 #a2 #ajc2 #cie rifled1 description of the sights of #a2 #ajd2 #djd getting them in on covered decks1 how to be done #a2 #abh2 #ejd taking them in over all1 how to be done #a2 #abi2 #eje getting them out through ports1 how to be done #a2 #abi2 #ejf mounting or dismounting them on covered decks1 with the ,griolet-purchase #a2 #abi2 #ejg1 #ejh throwing them overboard1 mode of execution #a2 #aca2 #eji secrecy in the manufacture of1 strictly required #c2 #d2 #h-aa inspection and proof of1 directions as to #c2 #h-ba2 #bf-cj proof charges for shot and shell #c2 #bb2 #ca water-proof of #c2 #bc2 #cb marking them1 directions as to #c2 #bc2 #cc trial1 extreme proof of1 directions as to #c2 #bd-bf2 #cd-cf ,dahlgren1 cutting the screw-holes of the #c2 #bg2 #ch sights of1 the manner of adjusting #c2 #bg-bi2 #ci1 #dj preservation of1 their stowage1 c4 #c2 #cj-cb2 #da-eh shot and shell1 how to be denominated #c2 #cj2 #dg condemnations of1 not allowed1 except #c2 #ca2 #ea when about to be put on board ship #c2 #ca2 #eb-ee when shipped for transportation only #c2 #ca2 #ef of all vessels returning from cruises to be carefully examined1 c4 #c2 #cb2 #eg descriptive lists of1 forms for1 c4 #c2 #cc2 #eh to be frequently examined for cracks or defects #c2 #cd2 #fa ,dahlgren1 the sizes of vents in #c2 #cd2 #fd all accidents to1 to be reported in detail #c2 #ce2 #fg smooth-bore1 service charges for #c2 #ec2 #afj rifled1 service charges for #c2 #ed2 #afa cylinders for1 directions as to making1 c4 #c2 #eg1 #eh2 #aha-ahe breechings for1 their materials and sizes #c2 #ff2 #bjh ,,guns-,,broadside4 ,see ,,broadside-,,guns4 ,,gun-,,carriages1 implements1 and names of the parts of common truck #a2 #de2 #bjb names of the parts of1 peculiar to the ,marsilly #a2 #de2 #bjb directions as to shifting trucks #a2 #fj2 #bda the construction of1 directions concerning #c2 #fe2 #bjg ,,gun-,,gear1 with directions as to breechings1 falls1 blocks1 c4 #c2 #ff1 #fg2 #bjh-bab ,,gunners1 general and special duties of #a2 #i-ab2 #cf-ef to attend personally to receive ordnance stores #a2 #i2 #cf to stow and arrange the powder tanks #a2 #i2 #cg duties of1 when guns are to be struck below1 c4 #a2 #aj2 #df to report twice a day on articles in their charge #a2 #aj2 #dg to keep the guns and equipments as dry as possible #a2 #aa2 #dh discovering articles injured1 to ask in writing for a survey #a2 #aa2 #di duties of1 when magazines or shell-rooms are opened #a2 #aa2 #ej duties of1 when opening powder-tanks #a2 #aa2 #ea duties of1 when guns are ordered to be drawn #a2 #aa2 #eb duties of1 when salutes are being fired #a2 #aa2 #ec sick or absent1 their duties to be performed by a ,gunner's ,mate #a2 #aa2 #ed to keep minute books of all expenditures1 c41 and render quarterly returns thereof #a2 #aa2 #ee duties of1 when vessels return from cruises #a2 #ab2 #ef stations of1 at quarters #a2 #ae2 #gj duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #bi2 #abc to understand perfectly all about fuzes #a2 #ij2 #ccj to receive all ordnance stores except the ammunition #c2 #e2 #ag responsible for all deficiencies in ordnance stores1 c4 #c2 #f2 #ai1 #bj duties of1 when supplying ships with shells #c2 #de2 #aaj duties of1 when powder is sent on board ships #c2 #ea2 #aef ,,gunners' ,,mates1 when to perform the duties of the ,gunners #a2 #aa2 #ed the stations of1 at quarters #a2 #ae1 #ag2 #gj1 #hb ,,gunners-,,quarter4 ,see ,,quarter-,,gunners4 ,,guns-,,pivot4 ,see ,,pivot-,,guns4 ,,gunpowder4 ,see ,,powder4 ,,guns-,,rifled4 ,see ,,rifled-,,cannon4 ,,gun-,,slings1 description and use of #c2 #ga2 #bbd ,h4 ,,handspikes1 ordinary1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #gd2 #bcg roller1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #ge2 #bch ,,handspike-,,men1 the selection and requirements of #a2 #ah2 #hd for broadside-guns1 stations and numbers of #a2 #ce2 #aeb duties of1 in preparing for exercise of broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agd duties of1 when exercising broadside-guns1 on one side only #a2 #dh2 #bad duties of1 when housing lower deck guns #a2 #ed2 #bcj ,,harness-,,casks1 for boats1 use and size of #c2 #gg2 #bdh ,,hatchways1 arrangements of1 for the wounded #a2 #dd2 #bja ,,howitzers1 boats' crews to be exercised in the use of1 c4 #a2 #e2 #ac ,borrman fuzes are fitted for the #ab and #bd pdrs4 #a2 #ij2 #cbh the use of1 in repelling boarders #a2 #ij2 #cdb the number1 c41 of1 for boats1 assigned by ,bureau #b2 #c2 #a fixtures1 c41 for1 in boat expeditions #b2 #d-i2 #f-ah exercise and manoeuvre of boat #b2 #aj-bd2 #ai-fh getting them ready for boat expeditions #b2 #aa2 #bj stations and duties of men for boat #b2 #aa2 #ba closing the vents of #b2 #ae2 #bg pivoting them1 manner of doing #b2 #af2 #bh1 #bi shifting them1 how to be done #b2 #af2 #cj disembarkation of1 commands and execution #b2 #ag1 #ah2 #ca-ce embarkation of1 commands and execution #b2 #ah2 #cf on field-carriages1 the exercises of1 commands1 c4 #b2 #ai-ba2 #cg-dc remarks on the use of1 ashore and in boats #b2 #ba-bd2 #dd-fh rifled #ab-pdrs41 the advantages of #b2 #bc2 #fg landing them for exercise or service #b2 #be-bg2 #fi-hh service charges for #c2 #ed2 #afd boat1 dimensions of boxes for the ammunition of #c2 #ee2 #afe ,,hydraulic ,,pump1 for proving guns1 a description of #c2 #ag2 #bh ,i4 ,,implements1 for broadside-guns #a2 #cc2 #adh for common truck and ,marsilly carriages #a2 #de2 #bjb for pivot-guns1 with their places #a2 #fa2 #bdb for mortars #a2 #aad2 #dde for boats1 when landed for service #b2 #bi2 #ia for extreme proof of trial guns #c2 #bd2 #ce ,,impression-,,takers1 what guns to be provided with1 and their use #c2 #ge2 #bci ,,inspection1 of naval guns1 directions as to #c2 #h-ba2 #bf-cj of shot and shell1 directions as to #c2 #cf-ch2 #fh-hg of cylinders1 directions as to #c2 #ei2 #ahf ,,inspecting-,,instruments1 for examining and proving guns1 names and description of #c2 #h-ag2 #bh for examining and proving guns1 the use of #c2 #ah-ba2 #bh1 #bi for measuring the interior position of vents #c2 #ab-ah2 #bh1 #bi for examining shot and shell1 with the use of1 c4 #c2 #cf1 #cg2 #gj-gh ,,invoices1 of all ordnance stores1 to be duly given and taken #c2 #g2 #bj ,k4 ,,keys1 of ordnance store-rooms1 c41 where to be kept #a2 #f2 #bj ,,lacquers1 for iron ordnance1 composition of #c2 #hd2 #bga for small-arms1 or water-proof paper #c2 #hf2 #bga for bright iron work #c2 #hf2 #bga ,l4 ,,ladles1 to be made according to patterns1 and not used for drawing rifle-projectiles #c2 #gd2 #bce ,,lamps1 for magazines1 the proper arrangement1 c41 of #c2 #fc2 #bjj ,,landing1 crews for exercise or service1 directions as to #b2 #be-bg2 #fi-hh ,,landsmen1 distribution of1 when at quarters #a2 #ag2 #ha ,,lanterns1 dark1 description of #c2 #gj2 #bbj ,,levermen1 stations and numbers of1 for pivot-guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc ,,lights1 precautions as to use of1 in time of war #a2 #id2 #cde ,,loaders1 the selection and requirements of #a2 #ah2 #hd for broadside-guns1 stations and numbers of #a2 #ce2 #aeb duties of1 when preparing for exercise at the broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agb duties of1 at the manual exercise of the broadside-guns1 on one side only #a2 #dg-ec2 #bjh-bbi duties of1 when housing lower-deck guns #a2 #ed2 #bcj duties of1 when firing quick #a2 #ei2 #bch1 #bci duties of1 when shifting breechings in action #a2 #ei2 #bdj for pivot-guns1 stations1 c41 of #a2 #fb2 #bdc to keep within the ports1 as much as possible #a2 #gd2 #bfj ,,log-,,book1 the time required for complete preparation for action1 c41 to be duly noted in the #a2 #c2 #c ,m4 ,,magazines1 to be carefully cleaned1 c41 before receiving powder1 #a2 #g2 #bh coopering never to be done in the #a2 #aj2 #dd when opened1 precautions to be taken against fire #a2 #aa2 #ej passing powder from1 directions as to #a2 #da-dc2 #aha-ahi for mortars1 directions concerning #a2 #aai1 #abj2 #deg-dgj on shore1 the inspection and stowage of powder in #c2 #di2 #acf-aci on shore1 directions as to keeping them dry1 c #c2 #ej2 #ada1 #adb the proper construction of on board ship #c2 #fj-fb2 #ahh-aih the proper arrangement of the cocks for #c2 #fb2 #aii the proper mode of lighting #c2 #fc2 #bjj the proper mode of stowing #c2 #fc2 #bja how to ascertain the dryness of #c2 #fd2 #bje the proper ventilation of #c2 #fd2 #bjf ,,magazine-,,dresses1 the materials of #c2 #fi2 #baf ,,magazine-,,screws1 the use and description of #c2 #fi2 #bae ,,manoeuvres1 for boat-howitzers #b2 #aj-bd2 #ai-fh ,,manual ,,exercises1 of broadside-guns1 on one side only #a2 #df-ed2 #bjc-bbi general remarks on #a2 #ee-eg2 #bca-bce of broadside-guns1 on both sides at once #a2 #eh-fj2 #bcf-bdj of pivot-guns with commands1 c4 #a2 #fa-gc2 #bdb-bee notes and suggestions upon the #a2 #gd-hh2 #bef-cbc of monitors1 with words of command1 c4 #a2 #aji-aab2 #dbj-dce of mortars1 with words of command1 c4 #a2 #aae-aah2 #ddf-def ,,marines1 their stations when at quarters #a2 #ae2 #ga their stations for repelling boarders #a2 #ic2 #cci landing them for exercise or service #b2 #be-bh2 #fi-hh ,,marking1 guns1 directions as to #c2 #bc2 #cc small-arms1 directions as to #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,marsilly-,,gun-,,carriages1 names of parts peculiar to #a2 #de2 #bjb shifting trucks of1 directions as to #a2 #fj2 #bda ,,masters1 to have all articles in their divisions ready for use1 c4 #a2 #i2 #cd divisions1 where stationed in action #a2 #ae2 #fi divisions1 distribution of small-arms for #a2 #be2 #aja duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #bg2 #aaa-aah duties of1 in cases of fire on board ship #a2 #ii2 #chj ,,masters-,,at-,,arms1 duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #ca2 #acg ,,mates1 stations and duties of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gf ,,matches--,,friction1 not allowed on board ship #a2 #f2 #bb ,,measuring-,,staff1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #h1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi ,,medical-,,officers1 stations of1 when at quarters #a2 #ae2 #gb ,,midshipmen1 stations in action1 when ,aids to ,commanding ,officers #a2 #ad2 #ff stations in action1 when not ,aids to ,commanding ,officers #a2 #af2 #gf ,,mirrors1 for proving guns1 description and use of #c2 #h1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi ,,mondays1 to be set apart for general quarters1 unless #a2 #c2 #b ,,monitors1 description of the turrets1 c41 of #a2 #ajh2 #dae-dah manual exercise of #a2 #aji-aab2 #dbj-dce shell and powder divisions of1 their duties #a2 #aab2 #dcf-ddc ,,mortars1 titles of the crews of #a2 #aac2 #ddd implements and equipments of #a2 #aad2 #dde exercise of1 with words of command1 and execution #a2 #aae-aah2 #ddf-def magazines and shell-rooms for1 description1 c41 of #a2 #aai1 #abj2 #deg-dgj when fired against the wind1 precautions required #a2 #aai2 #dfe rules and observations upon the use of #a2 #abj1 #aba2 #dga-dgi loading1 directions as to #a2 #abb2 #dhd1 #dhe fuzes for1 description and use of #a2 #abb2 #dhf-dia filling bombs for #a2 #abb2 #dib1 #dic pointing1 directions as to #a2 #abc2 #did-dii charges for #ac-;inch #a2 #abd2 #ejj ranges for #ac-;inch #a2 #abd1 #abe2 #eja1 #ejb allowances of implements1 c41 for #a2 #abf2 #ejc trunnion-sights for1 description and use of #c2 #ga2 #bbe ,,moths1 preservation of cartridge-bags from #c2 #ei2 #ahg ,,muskets1 crews to be exercised in the use of #a2 #e2 #ab number allowed for each pivot and other gun #a2 #ba2 #aja missing fire1 precautions to be used against #b2 #be2 #gf quantity of powder for the cartridges of #c2 #ee2 #aff how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh how to be cleaned #c2 #hj-hb2 #bfb-bfi ,,musketeers1 of whom composed1 and their duties #a2 #bj2 #ih ,n4 ,,nomenclature1 of common truck and ,marsilly carriages #a2 #de2 #bjb of the parts of the turrets of monitors #a2 #ajh2 #dae of boat-howitzers #b2 #aj2 #ai ,,nitre1 of condemned powder1 can be made use of #c2 #ea2 #aea ,o4 ,,officers1 the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--the ,captain #a2 #ad2 #fe the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--the ,executive ,officer #a2 #ad2 #ff the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,midshipmen as ,aids #a2 #ad2 #ff the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,signal ,officer #a2 #ad2 #ff the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,division ,officers #a2 #ad2 #fg1 #fh the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,master #a2 #ae2 #fi the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,boatswain #a2 #ae2 #fi the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,powder-division #a2 #ae2 #gj the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,marine-division #a2 #ae2 #ga the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,surgeon's-division #a2 #ae2 #gb the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,chaplain #a2 #ae2 #gc the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,paymaster #a2 #af2 #gd the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,engineer's-division4 #a2 #af2 #ge the stations1 c41 of1 at quarters--,miscellaneous #a2 #af2 #gf assignment of1 to the divisions of boarders #a2 #ah2 #ij in charge of powder-divisions1 the duties of #a2 #bh-ca2 #abj-acg in charge of gun-divisions1 the duties of #a2 #ca-cc2 #adj-aea of the watch1 their duties in time of war1 c4 #a2 #id2 #cdg-ceb of boats armed for service1 the duties #b2 #c2 #b duties of1 in preparing the boat-howitzers #b2 #aa2 #bj ,,officers-,,in-,,charge-,,of-,,division s1 to be thoroughly conversant with the exercise1 management1 c41 of the guns #a2 #h2 #bi to inspect thoroughly1 when called to quarters #a2 #h2 #cj to instruct their men fully in their duties #a2 #h2 #ca to examine weekly1 c41 their guns and attachments #a2 #h2 #cb the stations of1 at quarters #a2 #ad2 #fg1 #fh to teach the men how to point the guns #a2 #gh2 #bhc duties of1 in case of fire on board ship #a2 #ih2 #cgf1 #cgg ,,officers-,,of-,,powder-,,divisions1 to instruct their men fully in all their duties1 c4 #a2 #h2 #cc duties of1 in case of fire on board ship #a2 #ih2 #cgh1 #cgi ,,officers1 ,,petty4 ,see ,,petty-,,officers4 ,,oils1 linseed1 weight of a gallon of #c2 #hc2 #bga sperm1 weight of a gallon of #c2 #hc2 #bga neat's-foot1 weight of a gallon of #c2 #hc2 #bga ,,olive-,,paste1 the composition of #c2 #hg2 #bga ,,ordinary ,,seamen1 distribution of1 when at quarters #a2 #ag2 #ha ,,ordnance-,,instructions1 obedience to1 required from all on board ship #a2 #c2 #a ,,ordnance-,,ledgers1 to be signed by the ,executive ,officer1 or ,gunner1 and the ,commanding ,officer #c2 #f2 #bj ,,ordnance-,,officers1 to explain the use1 c41 of fuzes #a2 #ij2 #ccj duties of2 to have charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores1 at ,navy ,yards1 c4 #c2 #c-g2 #a-be enjoined to secrecy1 in relation to the mode of manufacturing guns1 c4 #c2 #d2 #h-aa to give no official opinions to inventors1 or others #c2 #d2 #aj to furnish ordnance and ordnance stores1 in accordance with the allowance tables1 except #c2 #e2 #af pecuniarily responsible for the loss of ordnance stores1 c4 #c2 #f2 #ag routine1 c41 of their correspondence with the ,bureau #c2 #g2 #bb-bd to make fortnightly examinations of all guns1 c41 under their charge #c2 #ca2 #di duties of1 when guns are to be placed on board ship #c2 #ca2 #eb-ee duties of1 when guns are to be shipped for transportation #c2 #ca2 #ef to examine carefully all the guns of vessels returning from cruises #c2 #cb2 #eg to furnish ,commanding ,officers of vessels with descriptive lists of their batteries #c2 #cb2 #eh to furnish ,commanding ,officers of vessels with impressions of the vents of their guns #c2 #cc2 #fj duties of1 when supplying ships with shells #c2 #de2 #aaj to examine the shell-houses1 and the condition of the shells1 every fortnight #c2 #df2 #aai to inspect the powder-houses every week1 c4 #c2 #di2 #acf duties of1 when powder is to be sent on board ship #c2 #ea2 #adf reports to be made by1 when supplying or receiving powder #c2 #ea2 #aeb instructions to1 as to marking small-arms #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,ordnance-,,stores1 surveys on1 when to be ordered #a2 #d2 #f the receiving1 stowing1 and expenditure of1 to be attended to by ,executive ,officers #a2 #f2 #bc at ,navy ,yards1 to be in charge of ,ordnance ,officers #c2 #c2 #b1 #c the delivery of1 to the ,gunner1 and his responsibility #c2 #e2 #ag when landed from ships1 directions as to #c2 #f2 #ah ,p4 ,,packing-,,boxes1 to be preserved1 duly accounted for1 c4 #c2 #ga2 #bbc ,,paints1 white1 the composition of #c2 #hc2 #bga lead-color1 the composition of #c2 #hd2 #bga black1 the composition of #c2 #hd2 #bga for tarpaulins1 the composition of #c2 #hd2 #bga ,brainard's1 the composition of #c2 #hd2 #bga ,,paper-,,parchment1 how to make it1 and its use #c2 #hh2 #bga ,,parrott-,,rifled-,,cannon1 denominations1 weights1 charges1 c41 of #a2 #aja2 #chd the full charge for2 the #aej-pdrs4 withdrawn from service #a2 #ajb2 #chg ,,parrott-,,shells1 time-fuzes for1 the most certain of ignition1 c4 #a2 #ia2 #ccd charges for #a2 #aja2 #che size of boxes containing #a2 #ajg2 #daa ,,passing-,,boxes1 in time of war1 to have charges ready for passing up at once #a2 #i2 #ch putting cartridges from the magazine into1 c4 #a2 #dd2 #aie color and size of lettering on #a2 #dd2 #aif1 #aig empty1 the handling of1 when returned by the shoots #a2 #dd2 #aih empty1 fire-tubs with water1 to be placed for #a2 #dd2 #aii materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #gf2 #bdj how to be painted #c2 #gf2 #bda1 #bdb ,,passing-,,scuttles4 ,see ,,powder-,,scuttles4 ,,paymasters1 the stations of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gd ,,percussion-,,caps1 the proper stowage of #a2 #aj2 #da for small arms1 will be furnished from ,washington #c2 #ee2 #afh ,,percussion-,,fuzes1 none reliable as yet for spherical shells #a2 #ij2 #cbi how to obtain the best effects from #a2 #ij2 #ccc when to be used in rifled guns #a2 #ajd2 #cii ,,petty-,,officers1 distribution of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gg-ha ,,picket-,,boats1 to be kept out in direction of the enemy #a2 #if2 #cfd ,,pikemen1 of whom to be composed1 with the duties of #a2 #ai2 #ia1 #ib to be covered by ,marines with fixed bayonets #a2 #ai2 #id the calls for and duties of #a2 #cg2 #afj1 #afe the stations of1 when repelling boarders #a2 #ic2 #cci-cda to be exercised with the single-stick and sword #a2 #ic2 #cdd ,,pikes-,,boarding1 to be near each gun on covered decks #a2 #ai2 #ic number allowed for each pivot1 and other gun #a2 #ba2 #aja ,,piling1 of balls1 to ascertain the number of1 c4 #c2 #da1 #db2 #ie-ig ,,pistol-,,frogs1 materials and description of #c2 #gh2 #beb ,,pistols1 crews to be exercised in the use of #a2 #e2 #ab number allowed for each pivot1 and other gun #a2 #ba2 #aja to be kept ready for the use of the boarders #a2 #dj2 #agi quantity of powder in the cartridges for #c2 #ee2 #aff how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,pivot-,,guns1 when practicable1 each to be in charge of an ,officer of the division1 c4 #a2 #ad2 #fh to have full gun's-crews #a2 #ag2 #hj distribution and arms for crews of #a2 #ba2 #aja equipments and implements belonging to #a2 #fa2 #bdb stations1 and gun-numbers of crews of #a2 #fb2 #bdc exercises of1 with commands1 and the mode of their execution #a2 #fc-gb2 #bdd-bed moving them from one end of the vessel to the other #a2 #gb2 #bee the trunnion-sights of1 with their use #a2 #ha2 #bii the trunnion-sights of1 a description of #c2 #ga2 #bbe to be supplied with tangent-sights #c2 #ga2 #bbf ,,plantou',s ,,compositions1 for preserving iron or wood #c2 #he2 #bga ,,point-,,blank-,,range1 what it signifies1 c4 #a2 #hj2 #bia ,,porter',s-,,scabbard1 a description of #c2 #gh2 #bej ,,port-,,fires1 not to be used when firing salutes #a2 #g2 #bf ,,powder1 saluting1 to be used when firing salutes #a2 #g2 #bf charges of1 how to be distinguished #a2 #i2 #ci loose1 never to be carried on board ship #a2 #aj2 #dj the delivery and distribution of1 at quarters #a2 #da-dc2 #ahj-ahi proper kind of1 for rifled cannon #a2 #ajb2 #chi proof1 for shot and shell guns #c2 #bb2 #ca charges of1 for spherical shells #c2 #dd2 #aje classifications of #c2 #dh2 #acj1 #aca size of the grains of1 and initial velocities1 c4 #c2 #dh2 #acj1 #aca gravimetric density of #c2 #dh2 #acb specific gravity of #c2 #dh2 #acc for small-arms1 size of #c2 #di2 #acd differences in the ,army and ,navy granulations of #c2 #di2 #ace stowage1 c41 of1 in powder-houses1 c41 directions as to #c2 #di1 #ej2 #acf-ade a statement of1 to be furnished to ,commanding ,officers of vessels1 before sailing1 c4 #c2 #ea2 #adf filling cartridges with1 directions as to #c2 #ea2 #adg when returned from ships1 directions as to #c2 #ea2 #adi1 #aej condemned1 never to be thrown overboard1 c4 #c2 #ea2 #aea samples of1 to be forwarded by ,ordnance ,officers1 c4 #c2 #eb2 #aeb for saluting1 may be purchased abroad1 when #c2 #eb2 #aec may be transferred to vessels remaining on a foreign station1 by those returning1 c4 #c2 #eb2 #aed when to be used1 though not regularly inspected1 c4 #c2 #eb2 #aee putting it on board ship1 directions as to #c2 #eb2 #aef when received or landed1 the red flag to be hoisted #c2 #eb2 #aeg moving it from or to vessels1 precautions required #c2 #eb2 #aeh1 #aei quantity of1 for cartridges for small-arms #c2 #ee2 #aff ,,powder-,,barrels1 directions as to stowage of #c2 #di2 #acg-aci should be turned once in three months1 c4 #c2 #ej2 #ade ,,powder-,,divisions1 stations of1 when in action #a2 #ae2 #gj duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #bh-ca2 #abj-acg on board monitors1 their duties #a2 #aab2 #dcf1 #ddc ,,powder-,,houses1 to be inspected once a week1 c4 #c2 #di2 #acf-aci directions as to keeping them dry1 c4 #c2 #ej2 #ada1 #adb ,,powder-,,men1 duties of1 in preparing for the use of broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #age duties of1 at the manual exercise of broadside-guns1 on one side only #a2 #dh2 #bae stations1 c41 of1 for pivot-guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc ,,powder-,,scuttles1 careful men to be selected for attending #a2 #ah2 #he directions as to use of1 in passing cartridges #a2 #da2 #aha-ahi position of1 on each deck #a2 #dc2 #aij-aib to be provided with water-tight tompions #a2 #dc2 #aia flap-holes in magazine screens to be provided for #a2 #dc2 #aic when guns of the same calibre on different decks may be supplied from the same #a2 #dc2 #aid ,,powder-,,tanks1 stowage and arrangement of1 by ,gunners #a2 #i2 #cg distinguishing colors and marks of #a2 #i2 #ci when opened1 precautions required #a2 #aa2 #ea tables of capacities1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #ed2 #afb1 #afc ,,precautions1 in time of war1 general instructions as to #a2 #id-if2 #cde-cfi to be observed1 in the use of rifled-guns #a2 #aje-ajg2 #daj to be observed1 in the use of small-arms #c2 #hb2 #bgj ,,primers1 the proper stowage of #a2 #aj2 #da for cannon1 directions as to management of #a2 #gg2 #bgf-bhj for cannon1 description1 use1 and preservation of1 with their boxes1 c4 #c2 #ef2 #agb-ahj ,,primer-,,boxes1 materials1 and description of #c2 #gh2 #bea ,,profile-,,boards1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ac1 #ai2 #bh1 #bi ,,projectiles1 for ,parrott-guns1 a peculiar kind1 c4 #a2 #ajb2 #cij for rifled-cannon1 are shells1 shrapnel1 and solid shot #a2 #ajb2 #cia rifled1 the bases of1 to be thickly greased1 c4 #a2 #ajb2 #cib rifled1 uniformity in size of1 requisite1 c4 #a2 #ajc2 #cif care required in placing them in the guns #a2 #ajc2 #cig ,parrott's1 size of boxes containing #a2 #ajg2 #daa ,hotchkiss's1 size of boxes containing #a2 #ajg2 #dab ,schenkl's1 size of boxes containing #a2 #ajg2 #dac ,dahlgren's1 size of boxes containing #a2 #ajg2 #dad ,,proof1 of naval-guns directions as to #c2 #h-ba2 #bf-cj of shot and shell-guns1 charges for #c2 #bb2 #ca extreme1 of trial-guns #c2 #bd-bf2 #cd-cf ,,provisions1 for boats1 on armed expeditions #b2 #g2 #ac ,,pumpmen1 the selection of1 c4 #a2 #bj2 #ii when to be in two divisions #a2 #bj2 #ajj to be at their stations1 when preparing for action1 c4 #a2 #ci2 #afh ,,putty1 the composition of #c2 #hc2 #bga ,q4 ,,quarter-,,gunners1 the stations of1 at quarters #a2 #ag2 #hb implements for1 when exercising without powder #a2 #ci2 #afg duties of1 in preparing for using broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agh duties of1 in case of fire on board ship #a2 #ih2 #cgg duties of1 in preparing howitzers for boats #b2 #aa2 #bj duties of1 in disembarking howitzers #b2 #ag2 #ca ,,quoins ,,for ,,guns1 the arrangement of #a2 #hc2 #cjg ,r4 ,,rammers1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #gb2 #bbg ,,ranges1 for shot-guns1 how and when marked #a2 #gi2 #bij point-blank1 firing at #a2 #hj2 #bid for shell-guns1 how marked #a2 #hj2 #bid for #ac-;inch mortars #a2 #abd1 #abe2 #eja1 #ejb exceeding #adjj yards1 kind of fuzes for1 c #c2 #dg2 #abd ,,rattles1 use and description of #c2 #fi2 #bag ,,receipts1 for all ordnance materials1 to be duly given and taken #c2 #g2 #bj ,,reports1 quarterly1 of all firing1 to be forwarded #a2 #e2 #ad quarterly1 of the condition of the armament1 c41 to be prepared and forwarded #a2 #e2 #ae twice a day1 to be made by ,gunners1 nature of #a2 #aj2 #dg to be made of the expenditures of ordnance materials #c2 #d2 #f in detail1 to be prepared and forwarded1 of all accidents to guns #c2 #ce2 #fg to be forwarded of the action1 c41 of all fuzes #c2 #dg2 #abf to be forwarded by ,ordnance ,officers1 when issuing or receiving powder #c2 #ea2 #aeb ,,requisitions1 for ordnance materials1 to be made by ,ordnance ,officers #c2 #c2 #b ,,responsibility1 of ,officers1 for loss of ordnance stores #c2 #f2 #ai1 #bj ,,returns1 quarterly1 of receipts and issues of ordnance1 to be forwarded by ,commanding ,officers #a2 #e2 #ad quarterly1 to be rendered by ,gunners #a2 #aa2 #ee ,,revolvers1 number of1 allowed for each pivot and other gun #a2 #ba-bd2 #aja quantity of powder in the cartridges for #c2 #ee2 #aff how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh ,,rewards1 recommended to those excelling in ordnance exercises #a2 #c2 #b ,,rifled-,,cannon1 the breech-sights in the side of1 with their use1 c4 #a2 #ha2 #cjj time-fuzes very unreliable for #a2 #ia2 #ccd denominations1 c41 of the ,parrott and ,dahlgren #a2 #aja2 #chd the bores and grooves of1 to be carefully cleaned1 c4 #a2 #ajb2 #cib the shells in1 must be close home on the powder #a2 #ajc2 #cic1 #cid must be kept free from sand1 dust1 c #a2 #ajc2 #cie projectiles for1 to be uniform in size #a2 #ajc2 #cif vents of1 how to replace old ones #a2 #ajd2 #djc sights of1 description and use of #a2 #ajd2 #djd all are rifled to the right #a2 #aje2 #dje precautions required in the use of #a2 #aje-ajg2 #daj kind of fuzes to be used for the shells of #c2 #dg2 #abc1 #abd table of charges for #c2 #ed2 #afa rammer-heads for1 made of composition #c2 #gb2 #bbg ,,ricochet1 firing1 directions as to #a2 #he2 #cah ,,rigging-,,stoppers1 description and use of #c2 #gg2 #bdg ,,robinson',s-,,worms1 description and use of #c2 #gc2 #bcd ,s4 ,,sabots1 for shells1 dimensions1 c41 of #c2 #ci2 #ia ,,sailmakers1 the stations of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gf ,,sail-,,trimmers1 when to be in two divisions1 and the stations of #a2 #ai2 #if when to be in three divisions1 and the stations of #a2 #ai2 #ig the call for and duties of #a2 #cg2 #afb1 #afe ,,salt-,,water1 not to be used in cleaning guns nor equipments #a2 #aa2 #dh ,,salutes1 directions as to firing #a2 #g2 #bf precautions required when firing #a2 #aa2 #ec powder for1 may be purchased abroad1 when #c2 #eb2 #aec old bags may be used for cylinders for #c2 #ei2 #ahe ,,scabbards1 for swords1 ,porter's1 description of #c2 #gh2 #bej for bayonets1 materials1 size1 c41 of #c2 #gi2 #beg varnish for1 its composition #c2 #hf2 #bga ,,scaling-,,ladders1 to be furnished each division of boats landed for service #b2 #bi2 #ia ,,scrapers1 for bottoms of bores1 description and use of #c2 #gd2 #bcf ,,screens4 ,see ,,magazine-,,screens4 ,,seamen1 distribution of1 when at quarters #a2 #af2 #gg the landing of1 for battle1 a remote contingency1 c4 #b2 #bb2 #ef the landing of1 for exercise or service1 directions as to #b2 #be-bg2 #fi-hh ,,seamen ,,ordinary4 ,see ,,ordinary-,,seamen4 ,,shells1 loaded1 to be frequently used in target practice1 c4 #a2 #d2 #h precautions required in filling #a2 #e2 #ag stowage of1 in the shell-rooms #a2 #aj2 #de how to be passed up for use #a2 #dd2 #bjj should be drawn if loaded more than #bd hours #a2 #df2 #bjd loading with1 directions as to #a2 #ge2 #bfa-bfc in battle1 proper occasions for using #a2 #ge2 #bfe getting jammed in the bore1 should be withdrawn #a2 #ge2 #bfg loading with1 precautions to be observed #a2 #gf2 #bgj all spherical1 fitted with time-fuzes1 except #a2 #hi2 #cbd ,parrott1 the navy time-fuze the most certain for #a2 #ia2 #ccd ,parrott1 charges for #a2 #aja2 #che for rifled-cannon1 gauges for #a2 #aja2 #chf for rifled-guns1 to be close home on the powder #a2 #ajc2 #cic1 #cid preferable for light artillery in the field #b2 #bb2 #eb when useful in boat-howitzers #b2 #bc2 #fd inspection of1 with instruments to be used #c2 #cg1 #ch2 #gg-hg gauges1 and dimensions of sabots and straps for #c2 #ci2 #hi-ia preservation of1 directions as to piling1 painting1 c4 #c2 #dc2 #ih-ajc preparation of1 for service1 directions as to #c2 #dd-dg2 #ajd-abh filling1 directions as to #c2 #dd2 #ajh emptying1 directions as to #c2 #df2 #aaf boxes for1 dimensions and areas occupied by #c2 #dg2 #abg1 #abh loaded1 directions as to putting them on board ship #c2 #eb2 #aeg ,,shell-,,bags1 to be preserved and returned into store #a2 #aj2 #dc ,,shell-,,divisions1 on board monitors1 the duties of #a2 #aab2 #dcf-ddc ,,shell-,,guns1 proof-charges for #c2 #bb2 #ca denominated by the diameters of their bores #c2 #cj2 #dg cylinders for1 directions as to making c4 #c2 #eg1 #eh2 #aha-ahe ,,shell-,,men1 stations and numbers of1 for broadside-guns #a2 #ce2 #aeb duties of1 in preparing for exercise of broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agc duties of1 at the exercise of broadside-guns #a2 #dh2 #bab duties of1 when housing lower-deck guns #a2 #ed2 #bcj stations1 c41 of1 for pivot-guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc ,,shell-,,rooms1 to be thoroughly cleaned1 dried1 and aired #a2 #g2 #bh when opened1 precautions to be taken against fire #a2 #aa2 #ej for mortars1 directions concerning #a2 #aai1 #abj2 #deg-dgj the position and construction of1 on board ships #c2 #fd2 #bjb-bjd to ascertain the dryness of #c2 #fd2 #bje ,,shell-,,whips1 description and use of #c2 #gj2 #bah ,,shifting ,,guns1 to have full gun's crews #a2 #ag2 #hj ,,ships' ,,corporals1 the duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #ca2 #acg ,,shot1 how to be passed up for use #a2 #dd2 #bjj solid when to be used in action #a2 #ge2 #bff if jammed in the bore1 should be withdrawn #a2 #ge2 #bfg solid1 not to be fired from shell-guns1 except #a2 #ge2 #bfh grape1 the use of #a2 #gf2 #bga-bgc canister1 the use of #a2 #gf2 #bgd shrapnel-shell1 or spherical case1 the use of #a2 #gf2 #bge for rifled-cannon1 the gauges for #a2 #aja2 #chf the #cb-pdr4 and #ah-pdr41 may be fired from the #ajj-pdr4 and #fj-pdr4 guns1 especially on ricochet1 c4 #a2 #ajc2 #cih manner of inspecting1 with the instruments used #c2 #cf1 #cg2 #fh-gf to determine the average weight of1 c4 #c2 #cg2 #gf gauges for1 with their dimensions1 c4 #c2 #ci2 #hh preservation of1 with directions as to piling1 painting1 c4 #c2 #dc2 #ih-ajc ,,shot-,,guns1 proof-charges for #c2 #bb2 #ca denominated by the weight of their shot #c2 #cj2 #dg cylinders for1 directions as to making1 c4 #c2 #eg1 #eh2 #aha-ahe ,,shrapnel-,,shell1 in action1 the proper use of #a2 #gf2 #bge time-fuzes1 only to be used with #a2 #ajd2 #djb useful with light artillery in the field #b2 #bb2 #eb when useful with boat-howitzers #b2 #bc2 #fa-fc gauges and dimensions of sabots and straps for #c2 #ci2 #ij1 #ia ,,sights1 for broadside-guns1 description and use of #a2 #gi-hc2 #bhh-cjh kind of1 furnished to the ,parrott-rifles #a2 #hb2 #cjc for rifled-guns1 description and use of #a2 #ajd2 #djd trunnion1 for mortars and pivot-guns1 use1 c41 of #c2 #ga2 #bbe tangent1 to be supplied to all pivot-guns #c2 #ga2 #bbf ,,signals1 making and answering1 in time of war #a2 #id2 #cdg-cej for returning boats1 in time of war #a2 #if2 #cfe ,,signal-,,officers1 in action1 stationed upon the quarter-deck #a2 #ad2 #ff the duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #bg2 #aji1 #aaj ,,selvagee-,,wads1 to be placed over shot #a2 #ge2 #bfd description of1 and mode of making #c2 #fh2 #bad ,,single-,,stick1 practice with the1 to be encouraged #a2 #ic2 #cdd ,,slings4 ,see ,,gun-,,slings4 ,,small-,,arms1 crews to be exercised in the use of #a2 #e2 #ab to be turned over at the end of cruises1 c4 #a2 #ab2 #ef not to be used in the tops1 without #a2 #be2 #ajc loading and distribution of #a2 #bf2 #ajg to be unloaded after exercise or battle #a2 #ed2 #bbi proper for boats on armed expeditions #b2 #g2 #aa1 #ab condemnations of1 not allowed1 except #c2 #ca2 #ea size of powder for #c2 #di2 #acd a list of1 to be furnished commanding officers of vessels #c2 #ea2 #adf quantity of powder for the cartridges of #c2 #ee2 #aff dimensions of the boxes for the ammunition1 c41 of #c2 #ee2 #afg percussion-caps1 and bullets for1 will be furnished from the ,washington ,yard #c2 #ee2 #afh how to be stamped #c2 #gi2 #beh to be carefully cleaned1 c41 after use #c2 #hj2 #bei to be frequently examined1 c4 #c2 #hj2 #bfj cleaning them1 directions as to #c2 #hj-hb2 #bfb-bfi precautions required in using #c2 #hb2 #bgj lacquer for1 its composition #c2 #hf2 #bga ,,small-,,arm-,,men1 formation1 c41 of1 when landed for service #b2 #be2 #gj-ge accoutrements and equipments for #c2 #gg2 #bdi ,,smooth-,,bore ,,guns1 service charges for #c2 #ec2 #afj ,,spare-,,articles1 required in action1 the stowage1 c41 of #a2 #g2 #be ,,spherical-,,case ,,shot1 in action1 the proper use of #a2 #gf2 #bg ,,sponges1 moist1 the use of1 recommended in wiping out1 c4 #a2 #gd2 #be ,,spongers1 the selection for guns1 merits of #a2 #ah2 #hd the selection and requirements of #a2 #ah2 #hd stations and numbers of1 for broadside-guns #a2 #ce2 #ae duties of1 in preparing for exercise at the broadside-guns1 c41 #a2 #dj2 #aga duties of1 at the exercise of broadside-guns1 on one side only #a2 #dg2 #baj-bbi duties of1 when housing lower-deck guns #a2 #ed2 #bcj duties of1 when shifting breechings in action #a2 #ei2 #bdj to keep within the ports1 as much as possible #a2 #gd2 #bfj ,,sponge-,,caps1 materials and description of #c2 #gc2 #bcc ,,sponge-,,heads1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #gb1 #gc2 #bbh-bcj ,,sponge-,,staves1 materials1 sizes1 c41 of #c2 #gc2 #bcb ,,steamships1 preparations on board of1 when going into action #a2 #ci2 #afh going into action1 to have all the fires lighted1 c4 #a2 #id2 #cec-cef ,,stores1 table of1 for armed boat expeditions #b2 #d1 #e2 #e ,,straps ,,for ,,shells1 dimensions1 c41 of #c2 #ci2 #ia ,,surgeons1 their stations when at quarters1 with their divisions1 #a2 #ae2 #gb the duties of1 at general quarters #a2 #ca2 #ach1 #aci the duties of1 in case of fire on board ship #a2 #ii2 #chb to accompany armed boat expeditions #b2 #bf2 #hc ,,surveys1 on ordnance stores1 when to be ordered #a2 #d2 #f on ordnance stores1 when to be asked for by gunners #a2 #aa2 #di on ordnance stores landed from ships1 reports of1 directions as to preparing1 c4 #c2 #f2 #ai ,,swords1 crews to be exercised in the use of #a2 #e2 #ab number allowed for pivot and other guns #a2 #ba2 #aja to be kept ready for the use of boarders #a2 #dj2 #agi the efficient use of1 in repelling boarders #a2 #ic2 #cda the practice with1 to be encouraged #a2 #ic2 #cdd ,,sword-,,scabbards1 of ,porter's pattern1 a description of #c2 #gh2 #bej ,t4 ,,tables1 of the number of men for each kind of gun #a2 #af2 #gh of the number of men and their stations1 for pivot-guns #a2 #ba2 #aja of the number of men1 with their stations1 c41 for different classes of guns #a2 #bb-bd2 #aja of small-arms1 allowed the master's division #a2 #be2 #aja of equipments and implements for broadside-guns #a2 #cc2 #adh of stations and gun-numbers for broadside-guns #a2 #ce2 #aeb of the wooden parts of ordinary truck-carriages #a2 #de2 #bjb of the metal parts of ordinary truck-carriages #a2 #de2 #bjb of parts peculiar to the ,marsilly carriage #a2 #de2 #bjb of equipments and implements for pivot-guns #a2 #fa2 #bdb of stations and gun-numbers for pivot-guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc of the weight1 charges1 c41 of rifled-guns1 with their shot1 shell1 c4 #a2 #aja2 #chd of the sizes of boxes for rifled projectiles #a2 #ajg2 #daa-dad of equipments1 arms1 and stores for boats #b2 #d2 #e of the stations1 c41 of the men of boat-howitzers #b2 #ac2 #ba of the stations1 c41 of the men for field-howitzers #b2 #ai2 #cg of allowed variations in guns from the proper dimensions #c2 #bj2 #cj of proof charges for shot and shell guns #c2 #bb2 #ca of shot and shell gauges #c2 #ci1 #dj2 #hh-ic of the number of balls in a triangular pile #c2 #db2 #if of the number of balls in a square pile #c2 #db2 #ig of charges of powder for spherical shells #c2 #dd2 #aje of exterior dimensions of shell-boxes #c2 #dg2 #abg of areas occupied by one tier of shell-boxes #c2 #dg2 #abh of the sizes of grains of different classes of powder #c2 #dh2 #acj1 #aca of differences between the army and navy powder granulations #c2 #di2 #ace of service-charges for smooth-bore guns #c2 #ec2 #afj of service-charges for navy rifle-guns #c2 #ed2 #afa of the capacity1 weight c41 of powder-tanks #c2 #ed2 #afb of the stowage of cartridges in powder-tanks #c2 #ed2 #afc of charges for boat and field howitzers #c2 #ed2 #afd of dimensions1 weight1 c41 of boxes for boat-howitzer projectiles #c2 #ee2 #afe of the quantity of powder in small-arm cartridges #c2 #ee2 #aff of the dimensions1 c41 of boxes for small-arm ammunition and fireworks #c2 #ee2 #afg of the dimensions1 c41 of cylinders for guns #c2 #eh2 #ahc1 #ahd of the dimensions1 c41 of sockets and pivots for carriages #c2 #fe2 #bjg of the dimensions1 c41 of breechings for guns #c2 #fg2 #baj of the dimensions1 c41 of ordinary handspikes #c2 #gd2 #bcg of the dimensions1 c41 of roller handspikes #c2 #ge2 #bch of the compositions of paints1 varnishes1 lacquers1 c4 #c2 #hb-hi2 #bga ,for ,appendix ,tables1 see ,,contents ,,of ,,appendix4 ,,tacklemen1 stations and numbers of1 for broadside-guns #a2 #ce2 #aeb the duties of1 in preparing for use of broadside-guns #a2 #dj2 #agg the duties of1 at the exercises of broadside-guns on one side only #a2 #dh2 #baa-baf stations1 c41 of1 for pivot-guns #a2 #fb2 #bdc ,,targets1 materials1 construction1 c41 of #c2 #gj2 #bbb ,,target-,,practice1 numbers of rounds and broadsides to be expended in #a2 #d2 #g the expenditure for the allowances for #a2 #d2 #aj in port1 directions as to #a2 #e2 #aa quarterly reports of1 to be prepared and forwarded #a2 #e2 #ae ,,thumbstalls1 the naked thumb may be used1 except for howitzers #a2 #gd2 #bef materials of #c2 #gh2 #bec ,,time-,,fuzes1 times and lengths of1 see ,appendix ,b #a2 #ij2 #ccb unreliable in rifle-guns #a2 #ia2 #ccd when may be used in rifle-guns #a2 #ajd2 #djb ,,tools1 for boats on armed expeditions #b2 #h2 #ae intrenching1 to be furnished for each division of boats1 when #b2 #bf2 #ha ,,tompions1 not to be put in guns when stowed1 except #c2 #cj2 #de ,,training1 guns sharp1 directions as to #a2 #ea #bbb guns lateral1 directions as to #a2 #gh2 #bhd guns1 general directions as to #a2 #hh2 #cba1 #cbb ,,trial-,,guns1 extreme proof for1 directions for #c2 #bd-bf2 #cd-cf ,,trucks1 shifting1 directions as to #a2 #fj2 #bda ,,truck-,,carriages1 the names1 c41 of the parts of #a2 #de2 #bjb ,,trunnion1 gauges1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #ai2 #bh1 #bi rules1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #ai2 #bh1 #bi sights1 for mortars and pivot-guns1 description and use of #c2 #ga2 #bbe squares1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ac1 #ai2 #bi1 #bi ,v4 ,,varnishes1 for scabbards or patent leather #c2 #hf2 #bga ,copal1 the composition of #c2 #hf2 #bga ,japan1 the composition of #c2 #hg2 #bga ,,vents1 the stopping of1 recommended #a2 #gd2 #bef obstructed how to be cleared #a2 #gd2 #bei of rifle-guns1 description of #a2 #ajd2 #djc of boat-howitzers1 as to closing them1 c4 #b2 #ae2 #bg measuring them1 in examining guns #c2 #ah2 #bi to take the impressions of #c2 #bd2 #cf the amount of firing allowed for each1 c4 #c2 #cc1 #cd2 #fa-fe wax for taking impressions of1 its composition #c2 #hh2 #bga ,,vent-,,gauges1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ae1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi ,,vent-,,guides1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ad1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi ,,vent-,,searchers1 for examining guns1 description and use of #c2 #ae1 #ah2 #bh1 #bi ,,ventilation1 for magazines and for magazine-men #c2 #fd2 #bjf ,w4 ,,wads1 hard1 not to be used in firing salutes #a2 #g2 #bf selvagee1 to be placed over shot #a2 #ge2 #bfd over elongated projectiles1 prohibited #a2 #ajc2 #cig selvagee1 a description of #c2 #fh2 #bad ,,waist-,,belts1 materials and sizes of #c2 #gg2 #bdi ,,water-,,proof1 of guns1 directions for #c2 #bc2 #cb ,,wax1 for taking impressions of vents1 its composition #c2 #hh2 #bga ,,whips4 ,see ,,shell-,,whips4 ,,words ,,of ,,command1 for broadside guns1 on one side only ,silence4 #a2 #dg2 #bje for broadside guns1 on one side only ,cast loose1 c4 #a2 #dg1 #dh2 #bjf-bah for broadside guns1 on one side only ,run in4 #a2 #di2 #bai for broadside guns1 on one side only ,serve vent and sponge4 #a2 #di2 #bbj for broadside guns1 on one side only ,load4 #a2 #di2 #bba for broadside guns1 on one side only ,run out4 #a2 #ej2 #bbb for broadside guns1 on one side only ,prime4 #a2 #ea2 #bbc for broadside guns1 on one side only ,point4 #a2 #ea2 #bbd for broadside guns1 on one side only ,ready--,fire4 #a2 #eb2 #bbe for broadside guns1 on one side only ,cease ,firing4 #a2 #eb2 #bbg for broadside guns1 on one side only ,secure4 #a2 #ec1 #ed2 #bbi for quick-firing ,load1 in one motion4 #a2 #eh1 #ei2 #bch1 #bci shifting breechings in action ,sponge1 ,load1 and ,shift1 c4 #a2 #ei1 #fj2 #bdj for pivot-guns ,silence6 ,cast ,loose and ,provide4 #a2 #fc1 #fe2 #bdd1 #bde for pivot-guns ,run in4 #a2 #fe2 #bdf for pivot-guns ,shift ,pivot1 c4 #a2 #fe1 #ff2 #bdg for pivot-guns ,serve vent and sponge4 #a2 #fg2 #bdh for pivot-guns ,load4 #a2 #fh2 #bdi for pivot-guns ,run out4 #a2 #fi2 #bej for pivot-guns ,prime4 #a2 #gj2 #bea for pivot-guns ,point4 #a2 #gj2 #beb for pivot-guns ,ready--,fire4 #a2 #ga2 #bec for pivot-guns ,shift to housing-pivot and ,secure4 #a2 #ga2 #bed for monitors ,serve vent and sponge4 #a2 #aji2 #dba for monitors ,load4 #a2 #aji2 #dbb for monitors ,prime4 #a2 #aaj2 #dbc for monitors ,elevate or ,depress4 #a2 #aaj2 #dbd for monitors ,run out4 #a2 #aaj2 #dbe for monitors ,train ,right or ,left4 #a2 #aaj2 #dbf for monitors ,ready--,fire4 #a2 #aaj2 #dbg for mortars ,silence4 #a2 #aae2 #ddg for mortars ,cast ,loose and ,provide4 #a2 #aae2 #ddh for mortars ,train ,right or ,left4 #a2 #aaf2 #ddi for mortars ,serve vent and sponge4 #a2 #aaf2 #dej for mortars ,load4 #a2 #aag2 #dea for mortars ,elevate4 #a2 #aag2 #deb for mortars ,prime4 #a2 #aag2 #dec for mortars ,ready--,fire4 #a2 #aah2 #ded for mortars ,mortar--,front4 #a2 #aah2 #dee for mortars ,secure4 #a2 #aah2 #def for boat-howitzers ,man the ,howitzer4 #b2 #ad2 #bb for boat-howitzers ,sponge4 #b2 #ad2 #bc for boat-howitzers ,load4 #b2 #ad2 #bd for boat-howitzers ,point4 #b2 #ad2 #be for boat-howitzers ,fire4 #b2 #ad2 #bf for disembarking howitzers ,prepare to ,land #b2 #ag2 #ca for disembarking howitzers ,trail bow and stroke oars4 #b2 #ag2 #cb for disembarking howitzers ,trail4 #b2 #ag2 #cc for disembarking howitzers ,shift the ,howitzer4 #b2 #ag2 #cd for disembarking howitzers ,land4 #b2 #ah2 #ce for embarking ,howitzers #b2 #ah2 #cf for field-,howitzers ,man the ,howitzer4 #b2 #ai2 #ch for field-,howitzers ,sponge4 #b2 #ai2 #ci for field-,howitzers ,load4 #b2 #ai2 #dj for field-,howitzers ,point4 #b2 #ai2 #da for field-,howitzers ,fire4 #b2 #ai2 #db for field-,howitzers ,secure the ,howitzer4 #b2 #ai2 #dc ,,worms4 ,see ,,robinson',s ,,worms4 ,,wounded1 arrangements for lowering the #a2 #dd2 #bja implements for1 on armed boat expeditions #b2 #h2 #ag ,y4 ,,yeomen1 what articles of ordnance stores to be accountable for #a2 #ac2 #fa duties of1 when their ships are to be laid up #a2 #ac2 #fb appointments and qualifications of4 #a2 #ac2 #fc