,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,adult]ations ,,( ,,food1 ,,& ,,cul9>y ,,poisons4 ,,exhibit+ ,! ,fraudul5t ,sophi/ications ( ,,bread1 ,,be]1 ,,w9e1 ,,spirit\s ,,liquors1 ,,tea1 ,,c(fee1 ,,cream1 ,,confection]y1 ,,v9eg>1 ,,mu/>d1 ,,pepp]1 ,,*eese1 ,,olive ,,oil1 ,,pickles1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,articles ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,dome/ic ,,economy4 ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,detect+ ,,!m4 ,by ,fr$rick ,accum1 ,,op]ative ,,*emi/1 ,,& ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,academies ,,& ,,societies ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,sci5ces ,,9 ,,europe4 ,philadelphia3 ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,ab',m ,,small #ahbj4 ,,preface4 ,?is ,treatise1 z its title expresses1 is int5d$ to exhibit easy me?ods ( detect+ ! fraudul5t adult]ations ( food1 & ( o!r articles1 class$ ei!r among ! necess>ies or luxuries ( ! table2 & to put ! unw>y on _! gu>d aga9/ ! use ( su* commodities z are contam9at$ ) sub/ances delet]i\s to heal?4 ,e p]son is aw>e t bread1 be]1 w9e1 & o!r sub/ances employ$ 9 dome/ic economy1 are frequ5tly met ) 9 an adult]at$ /ate3 & ! late convictions ( num]\s individuals = c\nt]feit+ & adult]at+ tea1 c(fee1 bread1 be]1 pepp]1 & o!r articles ( diet1 are /ill fre% 9 ! memory ( ! public4 ,to su* p]fection ( +5uity has ! sy/em ( c\nt]feit+ & adult]at+ v>i\s commodities ( life arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 t spuri\s articles are e :]e to be f\nd 9 ! m>ket1 made up s skilfully1 z to elude ! discrim9ation ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ judges4 ,b ( all possible nef>i\s traffic & deception1 practis$ by m]c5>y deal]s1 t ( adult]at+ ! articles int5d$ = human food ) +r$i5ts delet]i\s to heal?1 is ! mo/ crim9al1 &1 9 ! m9d ( e hone/ man1 mu/ excite feel+s ( regret & disgu/4 ,num]\s facts are on record1 ( human food1 contam9at$ ) poison\s +r$i5ts1 hav+ be5 v5d$ to ! public2 & ! annals ( m$ic9e record tragical ev5ts ensu+ f ! use ( su* food4 ,! eag] & insatiable ?ir/ = ga91 is pro( aga9/ prohibitions & p5alties2 & ! possible sacrifice ( a fell[-creature's life1 is a second>y consid]ation among unpr9cipl$ deal]s4 ,h[ev] invidi\s ! (fice may appe>1 & h[ev] pa9ful ! duty may be1 ( expos+ ! names ( individuals1 :o h be5 convict$ ( adult]at+ food2 yet x 0 necess>y1 = ! v]ification ( my /atem5t1 t cases %\ld be adduc$ 9 _! support2 & ,i h c>efully avoid$ cit+ any1 except ^? :i* are au!nticat$ 9 ,p>liam5t>y docum5ts & o!r public records4 ,to r5d] ?is ,treatise /ill m useful1 ,i h also animadv]t$ on c]ta9 mat]ial errors1 sometimes unconsci\sly committ$ ?r\gh accid5t or ignorance1 9 private families1 dur+ ! prep>ation ( v>i\s articles ( food1 & ( delicacies = ! table4 ,9 /at+ ! exp]im5tal proce$+s necess>y = ! detection ( ! frauds :i* x has be5 my object to expose1 ,i h conf9$ myself to ! task ( po9t+ out su* op]ations only z may be p]=m$ by p]sons unacqua9t$ ) *emical sci5ce2 & x has be5 my purpose to express all necess>y rules & in/ructions 9 ! pla9e/ language1 dive/$ ( ^? recondite t]ms ( sci5ce1 :i* w\ld be out ( place 9 a "w int5d$ = g5]al p]usal4 ,! design ( ! ,treatise w be fully answ]$1 if ! views "h giv5 %\ld induce a s+le read] to pursue ! object = :i* x is publi%$2 or if x %\ld t5d to impress on ! m9d ( ! ,public ! magnitude ( an evil1 :i*1 9 _m cases1 prevails to an ext5t s al>m+1 t we may exclaim ) ! sons ( ! ,prophet1 ,,!re ,,is ,,dea? ,,9 ,,! ,,pot4 ,= ! abolition ( su* nef>i\s practices1 x is ! int]e/ ( all classes ( ! community to co-op]ate4 ,,fr$rick ,,accum4 ,,london4 #ahbj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,prelim9>y ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,food ,page #ac ,,effect ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,wat] ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,dome/ic ,,economy #cc ,*>act]s ( ,good ,wat] #cg ,*emical ,con/itution ( ! ,wat]s us$ 9 ,dome/ic ,economy & ! ,arts #dj ,ra9 ,wat] #dj ,sn[ ,wat] #da ,spr+ ,wat] #db ,riv] ,wat] #dd ,sub/ances usually conta9$ 9 ,common ,wat]1 & ,te/s by :i* !y are detect$ #dh ,me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! ,quantity ( ea* ( ! diff]5t ,sub/ances usually conta9$ 9 ,common ,wat] #ed ,delet]i\s ,effects ( keep+ ,wat] = ,dome/ic ,economy1 9 ,lead5 ,res]voirs #fj ,me?od ( detect+ ,lead1 :5 conta9$ 9 common ,wat] #fi ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,w9e #gd ,me?od ( detect+ ! ,delet]i\s ,adult]ations ( ,w9e #hf ,specific ,diff]5ces1 & ,compon5t ,p>ts ( ,w9e #hi ,easy process ( asc]ta9+ ! ,quantity ( ,br&y conta9$ 9 v>i\s sorts ( ,w9e #ib ,tabul> ,view1 exhibit+ ! ,p] ,c5tage ( ,br&y or ,alcohol conta9$ 9 v>i\s k9ds ( ,w9e & o!r f]m5t$ ,liquors #id ,con/itution ( ,home-made ,w9es #if ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,bread #ih ,me?od ( detect+ ! ,pres5ce ( ,alum 9 ,bread #ajh ,easy ,me?od ( judg+ ( ! ,goodness ( ,bread-,corn & ,bread-,fl\r #aaj ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,be] #aac ,li/ ( ,druggi/s & ,groc]s1 prosecut$ & convict$ = supply+ illegal ,+r$i5ts to ,brew]s = ,adult]at+ ,be] #aai ,port] #aba ,/r5g? & ,specific ,diff]5ces ( diff]5t k9ds ( ,port] #abe ,li/ ( ,publicans prosecut$ & convict$ = adult]at+ ,be] ) illegal ,+r$i5ts1 & = mix+ ,table ,be] ) _! ,/rong ,be] #abi ,illegal ,sub/ances us$ = adult]at+ ,be] #aca ,+r$i5ts seiz$ at v>i\s ,brew]ies & ,brew]s' ,druggi/s1 = adult]at+ ,be] #acf ,li/ ( ,brew]s prosecut$ & convict$ = adult]at+ ,/rong ,be] ) ,table ,be] #adc ,old1 or ,entire ,be]2 & ,new or ,mild ,be] #add ,li/ ( ,brew]s prosecut$ & convict$ = receiv+ & us+ illegal ,+r$i5ts 9 _! ,brew+s #aea ,me?od ( detect+ ! ,adult]ation ( ,be] #aeh ,me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! ,quantity ( ,_s conta9$ 9 ,port]1 ,ale1 c4 #afj ,p] ,c5tage ( ,alcohol conta9$ 9 ,port]1 & o!r k9ds ( ,malt ,liquors #afb ,,c\nt]feit ,,tea-,,leaves #afc ,me?ods ( detect+ ! ,adult]ations ( ,tea-,leaves #aga ,,c\nt]feit ,,c(fee #agf ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,br&y1 ,,rum1 ,,& ,,g9 #ahg ,me?od ( detect+ ! ,adult]ations ( ,br&y1 ,rum1 & ,malt ,_s #aie ,me?od ( detect+ ! ,pres5ce ( ,lead 9 ,spirit\s ,liquors #bjb ,me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! ,quantity ( ,alcohol conta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds ( ,spirit\s ,liquors #bjc ,table exhibit+ ! ,p] ,c5tage ( ,alcohol conta9$ 9 v>i\s k9ds ( ,spirit\s ,liquors #bje ,,poison\s ,,*eese1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bjf ,,c\nt]feit ,,pepp]1 & ,me?od ( detect+ x #baa ,:ite ,pepp]1 & me?od ( manufactur+ x #bac ,,poison\s ,,cay5ne ,,pepp]1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bae ,,poison\s ,,pickles1 & me?od ( detect+ !m #bag ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,v9eg>1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bbj ,di/ill$ ,v9eg> #bba ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,cream1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bbb ,,poison\s ,,confection]y1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bbd ,,poison\s ,,catsup1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bbg ,,poison\s ,,cu/>ds #bca ,,poison\s ,,an*ovy ,,sauce1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bcd ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,loz5ges1 & me?od ( detect+ !m #bcf ,,poison\s ,,olive ,,oil1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bci ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,mu/>d #bda ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,lemon ,,acid1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bdc ,,poison\s ,,mu%rooms #bdf ,mu%room catsup #bej ,,poison\s ,,soda ,,wat]1 & me?od ( detect+ x #bea ,,food ,,poison$ ,,by ,,copp] ,,vessels1 & me?od ( detect+ x #beb ,,food ,,poison$ ,,by ,,lead5 ,,vessels1 & me?od ( detect+ x #beg ,,index #bfa ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,adult]ations ,,( ,,food1 ,,& ,,cul9>y ,,poisons4 ,,prelim9>y ,,obs]vations4 ,( all ! frauds practis$ by m]c5>y deal]s1 !re is none m repreh5sible1 & at ! same "t m preval5t1 ?an ! sophi/ication ( ! v>i\s articles ( food4 ,?is unpr9cipl$ & nef>i\s practice1 increas+ 9 degree z x has be5 f\nd difficult ( detection1 is n[ appli$ to almo/ e commodity :i* c be class$ among ei!r ! necess>ies or ! luxuries ( life1 & is c>ri$ on to a mo/ al>m+ ext5t 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x has be5 pursu$ by m51 :o1 f ! magnitude & app>5t respectability ( _! conc]ns1 w\ld be ! lea/ obnoxi\s to public suspicion2 & _! successful example has call$ =?1 f among ! retail deal]s1 a multitude ( competitors 9 ! same iniquit\s c\rse4 ,to su* p]fection ( +5uity has ?is sy/em ( adult]at+ food arriv$1 t spuri\s articles ( v>i\s k9ds are e :]e to be f\nd1 made up s skilfully z to baffle ! discrim9ation ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ judges4 ,among ! numb] ( sub/ances us$ 9 dome/ic economy :i* are n[ v g5]ally f\nd sophi/icat$1 may be di/+ui%$--tea1 c(fee1 bread1 be]1 w9e1 spirit\s liquors1 salad oil1 pepp]1 v9eg>1 mu/>d1 cream1 & o!r articles ( subsi/5ce4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be difficult to m5tion a s+le article ( food :i* is n to be met ) 9 an adult]at$ /ate2 & !re are "s sub/ances :i* are sc>cely ev] to be procur$ g5u9e4 ,"s ( ^! spuri\s comp\nds are comp>atively h>mless :5 us$ z food2 & z 9 ^! cases m]ely sub/ances ( inf]ior value are sub/itut$ = m co/ly & g5u9e +r$i5ts1 ! sophi/ication1 ?\gh x may affect our purse1 does n injure our heal?4 ,( ?is k9d are ! manufacture ( factiti\s pepp]1 ! adult]ations ( mu/>d1 v9eg>1 cream1 c4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 are highly delet]i\s2 & to ?is class belong ! adult]ations ( be]1 w9es1 spirit\s liquors1 pickles1 salad oil1 & _m o!rs4 ,!re are p>ticul> *emi/s :o make x a regul> trade to supply drugs or nef>i\s prep>ations to ! unpr9cipl$ brew] ( port] or ale2 o!rs p]=m ! same (fice to ! w9e & _s m]*ant2 & o!rs aga9 to ! groc] & ! oilman4 ,! op]ators c>ry on _! processes *iefly 9 secresy1 & "u "s delusive firm1 ) ! o/5sible d5otem5ts ( a fair & lawful e/abli%m5t4 ,^! illicit pursuits h assum$ all ! ord] & me?od ( a regul> trade2 !y may sev]ally claim to be di/+ui%$ z an art & my/]y2 = ! workm5 employ$ 9 !m are (t5 :olly ignorant ( ! nature ( ! sub/ances :i* pass ?r\gh _! h&s1 & ( ! purposes to :i* !y are ultimately appli$4 ,to elude ! vigilance ( ! inquisitive1 to defeat ! scrut9y ( ! rev5ue (fic]1 & to ensure ! secresy ( ^! my/]ies1 ! processes are v +5i\sly divid$ & subdivid$ among individual op]ators1 & ! manufacture is purposely c>ri$ on 9 sep>ate e/abli%m5ts4 ,! task ( proportion+ ! +r$i5ts = use is assign$ to "o individual1 :ile ! composition & prep>ation ( !m may be said to =m a di/9ct "p ( ! bus9ess1 & is entru/$ to ano!r workman4 ,mo/ ( ! articles are transmitt$ to ! consum] 9 a disguis$ /ate1 or 9 su* a =m t _! real nature _c possibly be detect$ by ! unw>y4 ,?us ! extract ( coculus indicus1 employ$ by fraudul5t manufactur]s ( malt-liquors to imp>t an intoxicat+ quality to port] or ales1 is kn[n 9 ! m>ket by ! "n ( black extract1 o/5sibly de/9$ = ! use ( tann]s & dy]s4 ,x is obta9$ by boil+ ! b]ries ( ! coculus indicus 9 wat]1 & conv]t+1 by a subsequ5t evaporation1 ?is decoction into a /iff black t5aci\s mass1 possess+1 9 a high degree1 ! n>cotic & intoxicat+ quality ( ! poison\s b]ry f :i* x is prep>$4 ,ano!r sub/ance1 compos$ ( extract ( quassia & liquorice juice1 us$ by fraudul5t brew]s to economise bo? malt & hops1 is te*nically call$ multum4#a ,! quantities ( coculus indicus b]ries1 z well z ( black extract1 import$ into ?is c\ntry = adult]at+ malt liquors1 are enorm\s4 ,x =ms a consid]able bran* ( comm]ce 9 ! h&s ( a few brok]s3 yet1 s+ul> z x may seem1 no inquiry appe>s to h be5 hi!rto made by ! (fic]s ( ! rev5ue respect+ its application4 ,_m o!r sub/ances employ$ 9 ! adult]ation ( be]1 ale1 & spirit\s liquors1 are 9 a simil> mann] int5tionally disguis$2 & ( ! p]sons by :om !y are pur*as$1 a great numb] are totally unacqua9t$ ) _! nature or composition4 ,an extract1 said to be innoc5t1 sold 9 casks1 conta9+ f half a cwt4 to five cwt4 by ! brew]s' druggi/s1 "u ! "n ( bitt]n1 is compos$ ( calc9$ sulphate ( iron 7copp]as71 extract ( coculus indicus b]ries1 extract ( quassia1 & ,spani% liquorice4 ,x w\ld be v easy to adduce1 9 support ( ^! rem>ks1 ! te/imony ( num]\s individuals1 by :om ,i h be5 pr(essionally engag$ to exam9e c]ta9 mixtures1 said to be p]fectly innoc5t1 :i* are us$ 9 v ext5sive manufactories ( ! above description4 ,inde$1 dur+ ! long p]iod devot$ to ! practice ( my pr(ession1 ,i h _h abundant reason to be conv9c$ t a va/ numb] ( deal]s1 ( ! highe/ respectability1 h v5d$ to _! cu/om]s articles absolutely poison\s1 :i* !y !mselves consid]$ z h>mless1 & :i* !y w\ld n h (f]$ = sale1 _h !y be5 appris$ ( ! spuri\s & p]nici\s nature ( ! comp\nds1 & ( ! purposes to :i* !y 7 de/9$4 ,= in/ance1 ,i h kn[n cases 9 :i* br&y m]*ants 7 n aw>e t ! sub/ance :i* !y frequ5tly pur*ase "u ! delusive "n ( fla%1 = /r5g!n+ & cl>ify+ spirit\s liquors1 & :i* is held out z consi/+ ( burnt sug> & is+lass only1 9 ! =m ( an extract1 is 9 reality a comp\nd ( sug>1 ) extract ( capsicum2 & t to ! acrid & pung5t qualities ( ! capsicum is to be ascrib$ ! height5$ flav\r ( br&y & rum1 :5 col\r$ ) ! above-m5tion$ matt]4 ,9 o!r cases ! ale-brew] has be5 suppli$ ) ready-gr\nd cori&] se$s1 previ\sly mix$ ) a portion ( nux vomica & quassia1 to give a bitt] ta/e & n>cotic prop]ty to ! bev]age4 ,! retail v5d]s ( mu/>d d n appe> to be aw>e t mu/>d se$ alone _c produce1 :5 gr\nd1 a p[d] ( s int5se & brilliant a col\r z t ( ! common mu/>d ( comm]ce4 ,nor w\ld ! p[d] ( real mu/>d1 :5 mix$ ) salt & wat]1 )\t ! addition ( a portion ( pulv]is$ capsicum1 keep = s long a "t z ! mu/>d usually (f]$ = sale4 ,_m o!r in/ances ( unconsci\s deceptions might be m5tion$1 :i* 7 practis$ by p]sons ( upright & hon\rable m9ds4 ,x is a pa9ful reflection1 t ! division ( lab\r :i* has be5 s in/rum5tal 9 br++ ! manufactures ( ?is c\ntry to _! pres5t fl\ri%+ /ate1 %\ld h also t5d$ to conceal & facilitate ! fraudul5t practices 9 "q2 & t f a correspond5t ramification ( comm]ce into a multitude ( di/9ct bran*es1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! metropolis & ! l>ge t[ns ( ! empire1 ! traffic 9 adult]at$ commodities %\ld f9d its way ?r\gh s _m circuit\s *annels1 z to defy ! mo/ scrut9is+ endeav\r to trace x to its s\rce4 ,x is n less lam5table t ! ext5sive application ( *emi/ry to ! useful purposes ( life1 %\ld h be5 p]v]t$ into an auxili>y to ?is nef>i\s traffic4 ,b1 happily = ! sci5ce1 x may1 )\t difficulty1 be conv]t$ into a means ( detect+ ! abuse2 to effect :i*1 v little *emical skill is requir$2 & ! c\rse to be pursu$ =ms ! object ( ! foll[+ pages4 ,! bak] ass]ts t he does n put alum into bread2 b he is well aw>e t1 9 pur*as+ a c]ta9 quantity ( fl\r1 he mu/ take a sack ( %>p :ites 7a t]m giv5 to fl\r contam9at$ ) a quantity ( alum71 )\t :i* x w\ld be impossible = him to produce light1 :ite1 & por\s bread1 f a half-spoil$ mat]ial4 ,! :olesale mealman frequ5tly pur*ases ?is spuri\s commodity1 7:i* =ms a sep>ate bran* ( bus9ess 9 ! h&s ( c]ta9 individuals17 9 ord] to enable himself to sell 8 decay$ & half-spoil$ fl\r4 ,o!r individuals furni% ! bak] ) alum mix$ up ) salt1 "u ! obscure d5om9ation ( /uff4 ,!re are :olesale manufactur+ *emi/s1 ^: sole bus9ess is to cry/allise alum1 9 su* a =m z w adapt ?is salt to ! purpose ( be+ mix$ 9 a cry/all9e /ate ) ! cry/als ( common salt1 to disguise ! "* ( ! comp\nd4 ,! mixture call$ /uff1 is compos$ ( "o "p ( alum1 9 m9ute cry/als1 & ?ree ( common salt4 ,9 _m o!r trades a simil> mode ( proce$+ prevails4 ,potatoes are soak$ 9 wat] to augm5t _! weight4 ,! practice ( sophi/icat+ ! necess>ies ( life1 be+ r$uc$ to sy/ematic regul>ity1 is rank$ by public op9ion among o!r m]cantile pursuits2 & is n only reg>d$ ) less disgu/ ?an =m]ly1 b is almo/ g5]ally e/eem$ z a ju/ifiable way to weal?4 ,x is really a/oni%+ t ! p5al law is n m effectually en=c$ aga9/ practices s inimical to ! public welf>e4 ,! man :o robs a fell[ subject ( a few %ill+s on ! high-way1 is s5t5c$ to dea?2 :ile he :o di/ributes a sl[ poison to a :ole community1 escapes unpuni%$4 ,x has be5 urg$ by "s1 t1 "u s va/ a sy/em ( f9ance z t ( ,great ,brita91 x is exp$i5t t ! rev5ue %\ld be collect$ 9 l>ge am\nts2 & !re=e t ! sev]ity ( ! law %\ld be relax$ 9 fav\r ( all m]cantile conc]ns 9 proportion to _! ext5t3 enc\ragem5t mu/ be giv5 to l>ge capitali/s2 & :]e an ext5sive brew]y or di/ill]y yields an important contribution to ! rev5ue1 no /rict scrut9y ne$ be adopt$ 9 reg>d to ! quality ( ! article f :i* su* contribution is rais$1 provid$ ! excise d n suff] by ! fraud4 ,b ! pr9ciples ( ! con/itution af=d no sanction to ?is pref]5ce1 & ! true int]e/s ( ! c\ntry require t x %\ld be aboli%$2 = a tax dep5d5t ^u deception mu/ be at be/ prec>i\s1 & mu/ be1 soon] or lat]1 dim9i%$ by ! irresi/ible diffusion ( k4 ,s\nd policy requires t ! law %\ld be imp>tially en=c$ 9 all cases2 & if its p5alties 7 ext5d$ to abuses ( :i* x does n n[ take cognisance1 !re is no d\bt t ! rev5ue w\ld be abundantly b5efit$4 ,ano!r species ( fraud1 to :i* ,i %all at pres5t b briefly adv]t1 & :i* has increas$ to s al>m+ an ext5t1 t x l\dly calls = ! int]f]5ce ( gov]nm5t1 is ! adult]ation ( drugs & m$ic9es4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! mo/ pot5t drugs & *emical prep>ations us$ 9 ph>macy1 are v5d$ 9 a sophi/icat$ /ate by deal]s :o w\ld be ! la/ to be suspect$4 ,x is well kn[n1 t ( ! article ,p]uvian b>k1 !re is a v>iety ( species inf]ior to ! g5u9e2 t too little discrim9ation is ex]cis$ by ! collectors ( ?is preci\s m$icam5t2 t x is c>elessly assort$1 & is frequ5tly pack$ 9 gre5 hides2 t mu* ( x arrives 9 ,spa9 9 a half-decay$ /ate1 mix$ ) fragm5ts ( o!r vegetables & v>i\s extrane\s sub/ances2 & 9 ?is /ate is di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,b z if ?is 7 n a suffici5t det]ioration1 ! public are (t5 s]v$ ) a spuri\s comp\nd ( mahogany saw-du/ & oak wood1 gr\nd into p[d] mix$ ) a proportion ( good qu9qu9a1 & sold z g5u9e b>k p[d]4 ,e *emi/ kn[s t !re are mills con/antly at "w 9 ?is metropolis1 :i* furni% b>k p[d] at a mu* *eap] rate ?an ! sub/ance c be procur$ = 9 its natural /ate4 ,! price ( ! be/ g5u9e b>k1 ^u an av]age1 is n l[] ?an twelve %ill+s ! p\nd2 b imm5se quantities ( p[d] b>k are suppli$ to ! apo!c>ies at ?ree or f\r %ill+s a p\nd4 ,x is also notori\s t !re are manufactur]s ( spuri\s rhub>b p[d]1 ipecacuanha p[d]1#b ,james's p[d]2 & o!r simple & comp\nd m$ic9es ( great pot5cy1 :o c>ry on _! diabolical trade on an amaz+ly l>ge scale4 ,inde$1 ! quantity ( m$ical prep>ations ?us sophi/icat$ exce$s belief4 ,*eapness1 & n g5u95ess & excell5ce1 is ! gr& desid]atum ) ! unpr9cipl$ deal]s 9 drugs & m$ic9es4 ,^? :o are famili> ) *emi/ry may easily conv9ce !mselves ( ! exi/5ce ( ! fraud1 by subject+ to a *emical exam9ation ei!r spirits ( h>t%orn1 magnesia1 calc9$ magnesia1 calomel1 or any o!r *emical prep>ation 9 g5]al dem&4 ,_s ( h>t%orn is c\nt]feit$ by mix+ liquid cau/ic ammonia ) ! di/ill$ _s ( h>t%orn1 to increase ! pung5cy ( its od\r1 & to enable x to be> an addition ( wat]4 ,! fraud is detect$ by add+ _s ( w9e to ! sophi/icat$ _s2 =1 if no consid]able coagulation ensues1 ! adult]ation is prov$4 ,x may also be discov]$ by ! h>t%orn _s n produc+ a brisk eff]vesc5ce :5 mix$ ) muriatic or nitric acid4 ,magnesia usually conta9s a portion ( lime1 orig9at+ f h>d wat] be+ us$ in/ead ( s(t1 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is m$ic9e4 ,to asc]ta9 ! purity ( magnesia1 add to a portion ( x a little sulphuric acid1 dilut$ ) t5 times its bulk ( wat]4 ,if ! magnesia be completely soluble1 & ! solution rema9s transp>5t1 x may be pron\nc$ pure2 b n o!rwise4 ,or1 dissolve a portion ( ! magnesia 9 muriatic acid1 & add a solution ( sub-c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,if any lime be pres5t1 x w =m a precipitate2 :]eas pure magnesia w rema9 9 solution4 ,calc9$ magnesia is seldom met ) 9 a pure /ate4 ,x may be assay$ by ! same te/s z ! common magnesia4 ,x ought n to eff]vesce at all1 ) dilute sulphuric acid2 &1 if ! magnesia & acid be put toge!r into "o scale ( a balance1 no dim9ution ( weight %\ld ensue on mix+ !m toge!r4 ,calc9$ magnesia1 h[ev]1 is v seldom s pure z to be totally dissolv$ by dilut$ sulphuric acid2 = a small insoluble residue g5]ally rema9s1 consi/+ *iefly ( silici\s e>?1 d]iv$ f ! alkali employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( x4 ,! solution 9 sulphuric acid1 :5 l>gely dilut$1 ought n to af=d any precipitation by ! addition ( oxalate ( ammonia4 ,! g5u95ess ( calomel may be asc]ta9$ by boil+1 = a few m9utes1 "o "p1 ) #a_/cb "p ( muriate ( ammonia 9 t5 p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,:5 c>bonate ( pota% is add$ to ! filt]$ solution1 no precipitation w ensue if ! calomel be pure4 ,inde$1 "s ( ! mo/ common & *eap drugs d n escape ! adult]at+ h& ( ! unpr9cipl$ druggi/4 ,syrup ( buck?orn1 = example1 in/ead ( be+ prep>$ f ! juice ( buck?orn b]ries1 7rhamnus ca?>ticus17 is made f ! fruit ( ! blackb]ry be>+ ald]1 & ! dogb]ry tree4 ,a mixture ( ! b]ries ( ! buck?orn & blackb]ry be>+ ald]1 & ( ! dogb]ry tree1 may be se5 publicly expos$ = sale by "s ( ! v5d]s ( m$ic9al h]bs4 ,?is abuse may be discov]$ by op5+ ! b]ries3 ^? ( buck?orn h almo/ always f\r se$s2 ( ! ald]1 two2 & ( ! dogb]ry1 only "o4 ,buck?orn b]ries1 bruis$ on :ite pap]1 /a9 x ( a gre5 col\r1 :i* ! o!rs d n4 ,in/ead ( worm-se$ 7artemisia santonica17 ! se$s ( tansy are frequ5tly (f]$ = sale1 or a mixture ( bo?4 ,a great _m ( ! ess5tial oils obta9$ f ! m exp5sive spices1 are frequ5tly s mu* adult]at$1 t x is n easy to meet ) su* z are at all fit = use3 nor are ^! adult]ations easily discov]able4 ,! gross] abuses1 inde$1 may be readily detect$4 ,?us1 if ! oil be adult]at$ ) alcohol1 x w turn milky on ! addition ( wat]2 if ) express$ oils1 alcohol w dissolve ! volatile1 & leave ! o!r beh9d2 if ) oil ( turp5t9e1 on dipp+ a piece ( pap] 9 ! mixture1 & dry+ x ) a g5tle heat1 ! turp5t9e w be betray$ by its smell4 ,! m subtile arti/s1 h[ev]1 h contriv$ o!r me?ods ( sophi/ication1 :i* elude all trials4 ,& z all volatile oils agree 9 ! g5]al prop]ties ( solubility 9 _s ( w9e1 & volatility 9 ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 c4 x is pla9 t !y may be v>i\sly mix$ ) ea* o!r1 or ! de>] sophi/icat$ ) ! *eap]1 )\t any possibility ( discov]+ ! abuse by any ( ! be=e-m5tion$ trials4 ,p]fum]s ass]t t ! smell & ta/e are ! only c]ta9 te/s ( :i* ! nature ( ! ?+ w admit4 ,= example1 if a b>k %\ld h 9 e respect ! appe>ance ( good c9namon1 & %\ld be prov$ indisputably to be ! g5u9e b>k ( ! c9namon tree2 yet if x want ! c9namon flav\r1 or has x b 9 a l[ degree1 we reject x3 & ! case is ! same ) ! ess5tial oil ( c9namon4 ,x is only f use & habit1 or comp>isons ) specim5s ( kn[n quality1 t we c judge ( ! goodness1 ei!r ( ! drugs !mselves1 or ( _! oils4 ,mo/ ( ! arr[-root1 ! fecula ( ! ,m>anta arud9acea1 sold by druggi/s1 is a mixture ( potatoe />* & arr[-root4 ,! same sy/em ( adult]ation ext5ds to articles us$ 9 v>i\s trades & manufactures4 ,= in/ance1 l95 tape1 & v>i\s o!r h\sehold commodities ( t k9d1 in/ead ( be+ manufactur$ ( l95 ?read only1 are made up ( l95 & cotton4 ,col\rs = pa9t+1 n only ^? us$ by arti/s1 su* z ultram>9e1#c c>m9e1#d & lake2#e ,antw]p blue1#f *rome yell[1#g & ,indian ink2#h b also ! co>s] col\rs us$ by ! common h\se-pa9t] are m or less adult]at$4 ,?us1 ( ! latt] k9d1 :ite lead#i is mix$ ) c>bonate or sulphate ( b>ytes2 v]milion#aj ) r$ lead4 ,soap us$ 9 h\se-keep+ is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) a consid]able portion ( f9e :ite clay1 br\ght f ,/4 ,/eph5s1 9 ,cornwall4 ,9 ! manufacture ( pr9t+ pap]1 a l>ge quantity ( pla/] ( ,p>is is add$ to ! pap] /uff1 to increase ! weight ( ! manufactur$ article4 ,! selvage ( clo? is (t5 dy$ ) a p]man5t col\r1 & artfully /it*$ to ! edge ( clo? dy$ ) a fugitive dye4 ,! frauds committ$ 9 ! tann+ ( sk9s1 & 9 ! manufacture ( cutl]y & jewelry1 exce$ belief4 ,! object ( all unpr9cipl$ mod]n manufactur]s seems to be ! sp>+ ( _! "t & lab\r z mu* z possible1 & to increase ! quantity ( ! articles !y produce1 )\t mu* reg>d to _! quality4 ,! +5uity & p]sev]ance ( self-int]e/ is pro( aga9/ prohibitions1 & contrives to elude ! vigilance ( ! mo/ active gov]nm5t4 ,! eag] & insatiable ?ir/ = ga91 :i* seems to be a lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ! times1 calls into action e human faculty1 & gives an irresi/ible impulse to ! p[] ( inv5tion2 & :]e lucre becomes ! reign+ pr9ciple1 ! possible sacrifice ( ev5 a fell[ creature's life is a second>y consid]ation4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! det]ioration ( almo/ all ! necess>ies & com=ts ( exi/5ce1 x may be ju/ly obs]v$1 9 a civil z well z a religi\s s5se1 t 9 ! mid/ ( life we are 9 dea?4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! ,times1 ,may #ah1 #ahah4 ,! ,k+ v4 ,ri*>d ,b[man4 ,! def5dant 0 a brew]1 liv+ 9 ,wapp+-/reet1 ,wapp+1 & 0 *>g$ ) hav+ 9 8 possession a drug call$ multum1 & a quantity ( copp]as4 ,! articles 7 produc$ by ,?omas ,gates1 an excise (fic]1 :o _h1 aft] a se>*1 f\nd !m on ! def5dant's premises4 ,! ,c\rt s5t5c$ ! def5dant to pay a f9e ( #bjjl4 ,! ,k+ v4 ,luke ,lyons4 ,! def5dant is a brew]1 & 0 br\ght up "u an indictm5t *>g+ him ) hav+ made use ( v>i\s delet]i\s drugs 9 8 brew]y1 among :i* 7 capsicum1 copp]as1 c4 ,! def5dant 0 ord]$ to pay ! f9es ( #bjl4 ^u ! fir/ c\nt1 #bjjl4 ^u ! ?ird1 & #bjjl4 ^u ! sev5? c\nt 9 ! indictm5t4 ,! ,k+ v4 ,?omas ,evans4 ,! *>ge aga9/ ?is def5dant 01 t he _h 9 8 possession =ty-sev5 b>rels ( /ale unpalatable be]4 ,on1 ! #aa? ( ,m>*1 ,john ,wilson1 an excise (fic]1 w5t to ! /oreh\se1 & f\nd =ty-sev5 casks conta9+ =ty-?ree b>rels & a half ( s\r un:olesome be]4 ,sev]al samples ( ! be] 7 produc$1 all ( !m ( a diff]5t col\r1 & fill$ ) s$im5t4 ,a f9e ( #cjl4 0 ord]$ to be paid by ! def5dant4 #b ,( ?is root1 sev]al v>ieties are import$4 ,! :ite sort1 :i* has no wr9kles1 & no p]ceptible bitt]ness 9 ta/e1 & :i*1 ?\gh tak5 9 a l>ge dose1 has sc>cely any effect at all1 aft] be+ pulv]is$ by fraudul5t druggi/s1 & mix$ ) a portion ( emetic t>t>1 is sold1 at a l[ price1 = ! p[d] ( g5u9e ipecacuanha root4 #c ,g5u9e ultram>9e %\ld become depriv$ ( its col\r :5 ?r[n into conc5trat$ nitric acid4 #d ,g5u9e c>m9e %\ld be totally soluble 9 liquid ammonia4 #e ,g5u9e madd] & c>m9e lakes %\ld be totally soluble by boil+ 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( soda or pota%4 #f ,g5u9e ,antw]p blue %\ld n become depriv$ ( its col\r :5 ?r[n into liquid *lor9e4 #g ,g5u9e *rome yell[ %\ld n eff]vesce ) nitric acid4 #h ,! be/ ,indian ink breaks1 spl9t]y1 ) a smoo? glossy fracture1 & feels s(t1 & n gritty1 :5 rubb$ aga9/ ! tee?4 #i ,g5u9e :ite lead %\ld be completely soluble 9 nitric acid1 & ! solution %\ld rema9 transp>5t :5 m+l$ ) a solution ( sulphate ( soda4 #aj ,g5u9e v]milion %\ld become totally volatilis$ on be+ expos$ to a r$ heat2 & x %\ld n imp>t a r$ col\r to _s ( w9e1 :5 dige/$ ) x4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,effect ( diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,wat]s ,,9 ,,_! ,,application ,,to ,,dome/ic ,,economy ,,& ,,! ,,arts2 ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,_! ,,purity4 ,x requires n mu* reflection to become conv9c$ t ! wat]s :i* issue f ! recesses ( ! e>?1 & =m spr+s1 wells1 riv]s1 or lakes1 (t5 mat]ially diff] f ea* o!r 9 _! ta/e & o!r obvi\s prop]ties4 ,!re are few p :o h n obs]v$ a diff]5ce 9 ! wat]s us$ = dome/ic purposes & 9 ! arts2 & ! di/9ctions ( h>d & s(t wat] are famili> to e body4 ,wat] p]fectly pure is sc>cely ev] met ) 9 nature4 ,x mu/ also be obvi\s1 t ! heal? & com=t ( families1 & ! conv5i5ces ( dome/ic life1 are mat]ially affect$ by ! supply ( good & :olesome wat]4 ,h5ce a k ( ! quality & salubrity ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( wat]s employ$ 9 ! common conc]ns ( life1 on acc\nt ( ! abundant daily use we make ( !m 9 ! prep>ation ( food1 is unque/ionably an object ( consid]able importance1 & dem&s our att5tion4 ,! effects produc$ by ! =eign matt]s :i* wat] may conta91 are m consid]able1 & ( great] importance1 ?an might at fir/ be imag9$4 ,x _c be d5i$1 t su* wat]s z are h>d1 or load$ ) e>?y matt]1 h a decid$ effect ^u "s important functions ( ! human body4 ,!y increase ! di/ress+ symptoms "u :i* ^? p]sons lab\r :o are afflict$ ) :at is commonly call$ gravel compla9ts2 & _m o!r ailm5ts might be nam$1 t are always aggravat$ by ! use ( wat]s ab\nd+ 9 sal9e & e>?y sub/ances4 ,! purity ( ! wat]s employ$ 9 "s ( ! arts & manufactures1 is an object ( n less consequ5ce4 ,9 ! process ( brew+ malt liquors1 s(t wat] is pref]able to h>d4 ,e brew] kn[s t ! l>ge/ possible quantity ( ! extractive matt] ( ! malt is obta9$ 9 ! lea/ possible "t1 & at ! smalle/ co/1 by means ( s(t wat]4 ,9 ! art ( ! dy]1 h>d wat] n only opposes ! solution ( sev]al dye /uffs1 b x also alt]s ! natural t9ts ( "s delicate col\rs2 :il/ 9 o!rs aga9 x precipitates ! e>?y & sal9e matt]s ) :i* x is impregnat$1 into ! delicate fibres ( ! /uff1 & ?us imp$es ! s(tness & brilliancy ( ! dye4 ,! blea*] _c use ) advantage wat]s impregnat$ ) e>?y salts2 & a m9ute portion ( iron imp>ts to ! clo? a yell[i% hue4 ,to ! manufactur] ( pa9t]s' col\rs1 wat] z pure z possible is absolutely ess5tial = ! successful prep>ation ( sev]al delicate pigm5ts4 ,c>m9e1 madd] lake1 ultram>9e1 & ,indian yell[1 _c be prep>$ )\t p]fectly pure wat]4 ,= ! /eep+ or rait+ ( flax1 s(t wat] is absolutely necess>y2 9 h>d wat] ! flax may be imm]s$ = mon?s1 till its texture be injur$1 & /ill ! ligne\s matt] w n be decompos$1 & ! fibres prop]ly sep>at$4 ,9 ! cul9>y art1 ! effects ( wat] m or less pure are likewise obvi\s4 ,good & pure wat] s(t5s ! fibres ( animal & vegetable matt]s m readily ?an su* z is call$ h>d4 ,e cook kn[s t dry or ripe pease1 & o!r f>9ace\s se$s1 _c readily be boil$ s(t 9 h>d wat]2 because ! f>9a ( ! se$ is n p]fectly soluble 9 wat] load$ ) e>?y salts4 ,gre5 escul5t vegetable sub/ances are m t5d] :5 boil$ 9 s(t wat] ?an 9 h>d wat]2 al?\gh h>d wat] imp>ts to !m a bett] col\r4 ,! effects ( h>d & s(t wat] may be easily %[n 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,let two sep>ate portions ( tea-leaves be mac]at$1 by precisely ! same processes1 9 circum/ances all alike1 9 simil> & sep>ate vessels1 ! "o conta9+ h>d & ! o!r s(t wat]1 ei!r hot or cold1 ! infusion made ) ! s(t wat] w h by f> ! /ronge/ ta/e1 al?\gh x possesses less col\r ?an ! infusion made ) ! h>d wat]4 ,x w /rike a m int5se black ) a solution ( sulphate ( iron1 & af=d a m abundant precipitate1 ) a solution ( animal jelly1 :i* at once %ews t s(t wat] has extract$ m tann+ matt]1 & m gallic acid1 f ! tea-leaves1 ?an c\ld be obta9$ f !m "u l circum/ances by means ( h>d wat]4 ,_m animals :i* are accu/om$ to dr9k s(t wat]1 refuse h>d wat]4 ,horses 9 p>ticul> pref] ! =m]4 ,pigeons refuse h>d wat] :5 !y h be5 accu/om$ to s(t wat]4 ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,good ,,wat]4 ,a good crit]ion ( ! purity ( wat] fit = dome/ic purposes1 is its s(tness4 ,?is quality is at once obvi\s by ! t\*1 if we only wa% our h&s 9 x ) soap4 ,good wat] %\ld be beautifully transp>5t2 a slight opacity indicates extrane\s matt]4 ,to judge ( ! p]fect transp>5cy ( wat]1 a quantity ( x %\ld be put into a deep glass vessel1 ! l>g] ! bett]1 s t we c look d[n p]p5dicul>ly into a consid]able mass ( ! fluid2 we may !n readily discov] ! slighte/ degree ( mudd9ess mu* bett] ?an if ! wat] be view$ ?r\gh ! glass plac$ betwe5 ! eye & ! light4 ,x %\ld be p]fectly col\rless1 devoid ( od\r1 & its ta/e s(t & agreeable4 ,x %\ld s5d out air-bubbles :5 p\r$ f "o vessel into ano!r2 x %\ld boil pulse s(t1 & =m ) soap an uni=m opal9e fluid1 :i* does n sep>ate aft] /&+ = sev]al h\rs4 ,x is to ! pres5ce ( common air & c>bonic acid gas t common wat] owes its ta/e1 & _m ( ! good effects :i* x produces on animals & vegetables4 ,spr+ wat]1 :i* conta9s m air1 has a m lively ta/e ?an riv] wat]4 ,h5ce ! insipid or vapid ta/e ( newly boil$ wat]1 f :i* ^! gases are expell$3 fi% _c live 9 wat] depriv$ ( ^? ela/ic fluids4 #ajj cubic in*es ( ! ,new ,riv] wat]1 ) :i* "p ( ?is metropolis is suppli$1 conta9s #b1be ( c>bonic acid1 & #a1be ( common air4 ,! wat] ( ! riv] ,?ames conta9s r a l>g] quantity ( common air1 & a small] portion ( c>bonic acid4 ,if wat] n fully saturat$ ) common air be agitat$ ) ?is ela/ic fluid1 a portion ( ! air is absorb$2 b ! two *ief con/itu5t gases ( ! atmosph]e1 ! oxyg5 & nitrog51 are n equally affect$1 ! =m] be+ absorb$ 9 pref]5ce to ! latt]4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,dalton1 9 agitat+ wat] ) atmosph]ic air1 consi/+ ( #gi ( nitrog51 & #ba ( oxyg51 ! wat] absorbs #a_/fd ( #gi_/ajj nitrog5 gas #a1bcd1 & #a_/bg ( #ba_/ajj oxyg5 gas #ggh1 am\nt+ 9 all to #b1jab4 ,wat] is fre$ f =eign matt] by di/illation3 & = any *emical process 9 :i* accuracy is requisite1 di/ill$ wat] mu/ be us$4 ,h>d wat]s may1 9 g5]al1 be cur$ 9 "p1 by dropp+ into !m a solution ( sub-c>bonate ( pota%2 or1 if ! h>dness be ow+ only to ! pres5ce ( sup]-c>bonate ( lime1 m]e boil+ w greatly rem$y ! defect2 "p ( ! c>bonic acid flies (f1 & a neutral c>bonate ( lime falls d[n to ! bottom2 x may !n be us$ = wa%+1 sc>cely curdl+ soap4 ,b if ! h>dness be ow+ 9 "p to sulphate ( lime1 boil+ does n s(t5 x at all4 ,:5 spr+ wat] is us$ = wa%+1 x is advantage\s to leave x = "s "t expos$ to ! op5 air 9 a res]voir ) a l>ge surface4 ,"p ( ! c>bonic acid becomes ?us dissipat$1 & "p ( ! c>bonate ( lime falls to ! bottom4 ,mr4 ,dalton#aa has obs]v$ t ! m any spr+ is drawn f1 ! s(t] ! wat] becomes4 ,,*emical ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,wat]s ,,us$ ,,9 ,,dome/ic ,,economy ,,& ,,! ,,arts4 ,ra9 ,wat]1 ,collect$ ) e precaution z x desc5ds f ! cl\ds1 & at a di/ance f l>ge t[ns1 or any o!r object capable ( impregnat+ ! atmosph]e ) =eign matt]s1 approa*es m ne>ly to a /ate ( purity ?an p]haps any o!r natural wat]4 ,ev5 collect$ "u ^! circum/ances1 h[ev]1 x inv>iably conta9s a portion ( common air & c>bonic acid gas4 ,! specific gravity ( ra9 wat] sc>cely diff]s f t ( di/ill$ wat]2 & f ! m9ute portions ( ! =eign +r$i5ts :i* x g5]ally conta9s1 x is v s(t1 & admirably adapt$ = _m cul9>y purposes1 & v>i\s processes 9 diff]5t manufactures & ! arts4 ,fre%-fall5 sn[1 melt$ )\t ! contact ( air1 appe>s to be ne>ly free f air4 ,gay-,lussac & ,humboldt1 h[ev]1 affirm1 t x conta9s ne>ly ! usual proportion ( air4 ,wat] f melt$ ice does n conta9 s mu* air4 ,dew has be5 suppos$ to be saturat$ ) air4 ,sn[ wat] has long laid "u ! imputation ( occasion+ ^? /rum\s swell+s 9 ! neck :i* de=m ! inhabitants ( _m ( ! ,alp9e vallies2 b ?is op9ion is n support$ by any well-au!nticat$ indisputable facts1 & is r5d]$ /ill m improbable1 if n entirely ov]turn$1 by ! frequ5cy ( ! disease 9 ,sumatra#ab1 :]e ice & sn[ are nev] se54 ,9 high nor!rn latitudes1 ?aw$ sn[ =ms ! con/ant dr9k ( ! inhabitants dur+ w9t]2 & ! va/ masses ( ice :i* float on ! pol> seas1 af=d an abundant supply ( fre% wat] to ! m>9]4 ,spr+ ,wat]1 ,includes well-wat] & all o!rs t arise f "s dep? bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?1 & :i* are us$ at ! f\nta9-head1 or at lea/ be=e !y h run any consid]able di/ance expos$ to ! air4 ,inde$1 spr+s may be consid]$ z ra9 wat] :i* has pass$ ?r\gh ! fissures ( ! e>?1 &1 hav+ accumulat$ at ! bottom ( declivities1 rises aga9 to ! surface =m+ spr+s & wells4 ,z wells take _! orig9 at "s dep? f ! surface1 & bel[ ! influ5ce ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 _! temp]ature is 9 g5]al pretty uni=m dur+ e vicissitude ( season1 & always sev]al degrees l[] ?an ! atmosph]e4 ,!y diff] f "o ano!r accord+ to ! nature ( ! /rata ?r\gh :i* !y issue2 = ?\gh ! +r$i5ts usually exi/+ 9 !m are 9 su* m9ute quantities z to imp>t to ! wat] no /rik+ prop]ties1 & d n r5d] x unfit = common purposes1 yet !y modify its nature v consid]ably4 ,h5ce ! wat] ( "s spr+s is said to be h>d1 ( o!rs s(t1 "s sweet1 o!rs bracki%1 accord+ to ! nature & degree ( ! inpregnat+ +r$i5ts4 ,common spr+s are ins5sibly *ang$ into m9]al or m$ic9al spr+s1 z _! =eign cont5ts become l>g] or m unusual2 or1 9 "s in/ances1 !y d]ive m$ic9al celebrity f ! abs5ce ( ^? +r$i5ts usually occurr+ 9 spr+-wat]2 z1 = example1 is ! case ) ! ,malv]n spr+1 :i* is ne>ly pure wat]4 ,almo/ all spr+-wat]s possess ! prop]ty t]m$ h>dness 9 a great] or less degree2 a prop]ty :i* dep5ds *iefly ^u ! pres5ce ( sup]-c>bonate1 or ( sulphate ( lime1 or ( bo?2 & ! quantity ( ^! e>?y salts v>ies v consid]ably 9 diff]5t in/ances4 ,mr4 ,dalton#ac has %ewn t "o gra9 ( sulphate ( lime1 conta9$ 9 #bjjj gra9s ( wat]1 conv]ts x into ! h>de/ spr+ wat] t is commonly met )4 ,! wat]s ( deep wells are usually mu* h>d] ?an ^? ( spr+s :i* ov]fl[ ! m\? ( ! well2 b !re are "s exceptions to ?is rule4 ,! pure/ spr+s are ^? :i* occur 9 primitive rocks1 or b$s ( gravel1 or filt] ?r\gh s& or silici\s /rata4 ,9 g5]al1 l>ge spr+s are pur] ?an small ones3 & our old wells conta9 f9] wat] ?an ^? t are new1 z ! soluble p>ts ?r\gh :i* ! wat] filt]s 9 *annels "u gr\nd become gradually wa%$ away4 ,riv] ,wat]1 ,is a t]m appli$ to e runn+ /ream or rivulet expos$ to ! air1 & always fl[+ 9 an op5 *annel4 ,x is =m$ ( spr+ wat]1 :i*1 by exposure1 becomes m pure1 & ( runn+ l& or surface wat]1 :i*1 al?\gh turbid f p>ticles ( ! alluvial soil susp5d$ 9 x1 is o!rwise v pure4 ,x is pure/ :5 x runs ov] a gravelly or rocky b$1 & :5 its c\rse is swift4 ,x is g5]ally s(t1 & m free f e>?y salts ?an spr+ wat]2 b x usually conta9s less common air & c>bonic acid gas2 =1 by ! agitation ( a long curr5t1 & expos$ to ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 "p ( its c>bonic acid gas is dis5gag$1 & ! lime held 9 solution by x is 9 "p precipitat$1 ! loss ( :i* contributes to ! s(tness ( ! wat]4 ,its specific gravity !reby becomes less1 ! ta/e n s h>%1 b less fre% & agreeable2 & out ( a h>d spr+ is (t5 made a /ream ( suffici5t purity = mo/ ( ! purposes :]e a s(t wat] is requir$4 ,! wat] call$ 9 ?is metropolis ,new ,riv] ,wat]1 conta9s a m9ute portion ( muriate ( lime1 c>bonate ( lime1 & muriate ( soda4 ,"s /reams1 h[ev]1 t arise f clean silici\s b$s1 & fl[ 9 a s&y or /ony *annel1 are f ! outset rem>kably pure2 su* z ! m\nta9 lakes & rivulets 9 ! rocky di/ricts ( ,wales1 ! s\rce ( ! beautiful wat]s ( ! ,dee1 & numb]less o!r riv]s t fl[ ?r\gh ! holl[ ( e valley4 ,switz]l& has long be5 celebrat$ = ! purity & excell5ce ( its wat]s1 :i* p\r 9 copi\s /reams f ! m\nta9s1 & give rise to ! f9e/ riv]s 9 ,europe4 ,"s riv]s1 h[ev]1 t d n take _! rise f a rocky soil1 & are inde$ at fir/ consid]ably *>g$ ) =eign matt]1 dur+ a long c\rse1 ev5 ov] a ri*ly cultivat$ pla91 become rem>kably pure z to sal9e cont5ts2 b (t5 f\l$ ) mud conta9+ mu* animal & vegetable matt]1 :i* are r susp5d$ ?an held 9 true solution4 ,su* is ! wat] ( ! riv] ,?ames1 :i*1 tak5 up at ,london at l[ wat] m>k1 is v s(t & good2 &1 aft] re/1 x conta9s b a v small portion ( any ?+ t c\ld prove p]nici\s1 or imp$e any manufacture4 ,x is also excell5tly fitt$ = sea-/ore2 b x !n und]goes a rem>kable spontane\s *ange1 :5 pres]v$ 9 wood5 casks4 ,no wat] c>ri$ to sea becomes putrid soon] ?an t ( ! ,?ames4 ,b ! mode n[ adopt$ 9 ! navy ( sub/itut+ iron tanks = wood5 casks1 t5ds greatly to obviate ?is disadvantage4 ,:oev] w consid] ! situation ( ! ,?ames1 & ! imm5se population along its banks = s _m miles1 mu/ at once p]ceive ! prodigi\s accumulation ( animal matt]s ( all k9ds1 :i* by means ( ! common sew]s con/antly make _! way into x4 ,^! matt]s are1 no d\bt1 9 "p ! cause ( ! putrefaction :i* x is well kn[n to und]go at sea1 & ( ! c>burett$ & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gases :i* are evolv$ f x4 ,:5 a wood5 cask is op5$1 aft] be+ kept a mon? or two1 a quantity ( c>burett$ & sulphurett$ hydrog5 escapes1 & ! wat] is s black & (f5sive z sc>cely to be borne4 ,^u rack+ x (f1 h[ev]1 into l>ge e>!n vessels1 & expos+ x to ! air1 x gradually deposits a quantity ( black slimy mud1 becomes cle> z cry/al1 & rem>kably sweet & palatable4 ,x might1 at fir/ sight1 be expect$ t ! wat] ( ! ,?ames1 aft] hav+ receiv$ all ! cont5ts ( ! sew]s1 dra9s1 & wat] c\rses1 ( a l>ge t[n1 %\ld acquire !reby su* impregnation ) =eign matt]s1 z to become v impure2 b x appe>s1 f ! mo/ accurate exp]im5ts t h be5 made1 t ^? k9ds ( impurities h no p]ceptible influ5ce on ! salubri\s quality ( a mass ( wat] s imm5se1 & con/antly kept 9 motion by ! action ( ! tides4 ,"s traces ( animal matt] may1 h[ev]1 be detect$ 9 ! wat] ( ! ,?ames2 = if nitrate ( lead be dropp$ into x1#ad y w f9d t x becomes milky1 & t a :ite p[d] falls to ! bottom1 :i* dissolves )\t eff]vesc5ce 9 nitric acid4 ,x is1 !re=e1 7says ,dr4 ,?omson7 a comb9ation ( oxide ( lead ) "s animal matt]4 ,,sub/ances ,,usually ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,common ,,wat]1 ,,& ,,te/s ,,by ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,detect$4 ,to acquire a k ( ! g5]al nature ( common wat]1 x is only necess>y to add to x a few *emical te/s1 :i* w quickly indicate ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! sub/ances t may be expect$4 ,almo/ ! only salts conta9$ 9 common wat]s are ! c>bonates1 sulphates1 & muriates ( soda1 lime1 & magnesia2 & sometimes a v m9ute portion ( iron may also be detect$ 9 !m4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,fill a w9e-glass ) di/ill$ wat]1 & add to x a few drops ( a solution ( soap 9 alcohol1 ! wat] w rema9 transp>5t4 ,?is te/ is employ$ = asc]ta9+ ! pres5ce ( e>?y salts 9 wat]s4 ,h5ce x produces no *ange :5 m+l$ ) di/ill$ or p]fectly pure wat]2 b :5 add$ to wat] conta9+ e>?y salts1 a :ite floccul5t matt] becomes sep>at$1 :i* spe$ily collects on ! surface ( ! fluid4 ,n[1 f ! quantity ( floccul5t matt] produc$1 9 equal quantities ( wat] submitt$ to ! te/1 a tol]able notion may be =m$ ( ! degrees ( h>dness ( diff]5t k9ds ( wat]1 at lea/ s f> z reg>ds ! fitness ( ! wat] = ! ord9>y purposes ( dome/ic economy4 ,?is may be r5d]$ obvi\s 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,fill a numb] ( w9e-glasses ) diff]5t k9ds ( pump or well wat]1 & let fall into ea* glass a few drops ( ! solution ( soap 9 alcohol4 ,a turbidness w in/antly ensue1 & a floccul5t matt] collect on ! surface ( ! fluid1 if ! mixture be left undi/urb$4 ,! quantity ( floccul5t matt] w be 9 ! ratio ( ! quantity ( e>?y salts conta9$ 9 ! wat]4 ,x is obvi\s t ! action ( ?is te/ is n discrim9ative1 ) reg>d to ! *emical nature ( ! e>?y salt pres5t 9 ! wat]4 ,x s]ves only to indicate ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ^? k9ds ( sub/ances :i* occasion t quality 9 wat] :i* is usually call$ h>dness1 & :i* is always ow+ to salts ) an e>?y base4 ,if we wi% to "k ! nature ( ! diff]5t acids & e>?s conta9$ 9 ! wat]1 ! foll[+ te/ may be employ$4#ae ,,exp]im5t4 ,add ab\t tw5ty drops ( a solution ( oxalate ( ammonia1 to half a w9e-glass ( ! wat]2 if a :ite precipitate ensues1 we conclude t ! wat] conta9s lime4 ,by means ( ?is te/1 "o gra9 ( lime may be detect$ 9 #bd1bej ( wat]4 ,if ?is te/ occasion a :ite precipitate 9 wat] tak5 fre% f ! pump or spr+1 & n aft] ! wat] has be5 boil$ & suff]$ to gr[ cold1 ! lime is dissolv$ 9 ! wat] by an excess ( c>bonic acid2 & if x cont9ues to produce a precipitate 9 ! wat] :i* has be5 conc5trat$ by boil+1 we !n are sure t ! lime is comb9$ ) a fix$ acid4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,to detect ! pres5ce ( iron1 add to a w9e-glassful ( ! wat] a few drops ( an infusion ( nut-galls2 or bett]1 suff] a nut-gall to be susp5d$ 9 x = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :i* w cause ! wat] to acquire a bluei% black col\r1 if iron be pres5t4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,add a few gra9s ( muriate ( b>ytes1 to half a w9e-glass ( ! wat] to be exam9$2 if x produces a turbidness :i* does n disappe> by ! admixture ( a few drops ( muriatic acid1 ! pres5ce ( sulphuric acid is r5d]$ obvi\s4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,if a few drops ( a solution ( nitrate ( silv] occasions a milk9ess ) ! wat]1 :i* vani%es aga9 by ! copi\s addition ( liquid ammonia1 we h reason to believe t ! wat] conta9s a salt1 "o ( ! con/itu5t p>ts ( :i* is muriatic acid4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,if lime wat] or b>ytic wat] occasions a precipitate :i* aga9 vani%es by ! admixture ( muriatic acid1 !n c>bonic acid is pres5t 9 ! wat]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,if a solution ( phosphate ( soda produces a milk9ess ) ! wat]1 aft] a previ\s addition to x ( a simil> quantity ( neutral c>bonate ( ammonia1 we may !n expect magnesia4 ,! application ( ?is te/ is be/ made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,conc5trate a quantity ( ! wat] to be exam9$ to ab\t #a_/bj "p ( its bulk1 & drop into ab\t half a w9e-glassful1 ab\t five gra9s ( neutral c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,no magnesia becomes yet precipitat$ if ?is e>? be pres5t2 b on add+ a l quantity ( phosphate ( soda1 ! magnesia falls d[n1 z an insoluble salt4 ,x is ess5tial t ! c>bonate ( ammonia be neutral4 ,?is te/ 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,wolla/on4 ,! pres5ce ( oxyg5 gas loosely comb9$ 9 wat] may readily be discov]$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,fill a vial ) wat]1 & add to x a small quantity ( gre5 sulphate ( iron4 ,if ! wat] be entirely free ( oxyg51 & if ! vessel be well /opp$ & completely fill$1 ! solution is transp>5t2 b if o!rwise1 x soon becomes slightly turbid1 f ! oxide ( iron attract+ ! oxyg51 & a small portion ( x1 9 ?is m highly oxidat$ /ate1 leav+ ! acid & be+ precipitat$4 ,or1 accord+ to a me?od po9t$ out by ,driess51 ! wat] is to be boil$ = two h\rs 9 a flask fill$ ) x1 & imm]s$ 9 a vessel ( wat] kept boil+1 ) ! m\? ( ! flask "u ! surface ( ! wat]3 x is to be inv]t$ 9 quicksilv]1 tak+ c>e t no air-bubble adh]es to ! side ( ! flask1 & be+ t+$ ) infusion ( litmus1 a little nitr\s gas is to be introduc$3 if ! oxyg5 gas has be5 suffici5tly expell$ f ! wat]1 ! purple col\r ( ! litmus does n *ange2 :ile1 if oxyg5 be pres5t1 x imm$iately becomes r$4#af ,if we exam9e ! diff]5t wat]s :i* are us$ = ! ord9>y purposes ( life1 & judge ( !m by ! above te/s1 we %all f9d !m to diff] consid]ably f ea* o!r4 ,"s conta9 a l>ge quantity ( sal9e & e>?y matt]s1 :il/ o!rs are ne>ly pure4 ,! diff]5ces are produc$ by ! great solv5t p[] :i* wat] ex]cises ^u mo/ sub/ances4 ,wells %\ld nev] be l9$ ) bricks1 :i* r5d] s(t wat] h>d2 or1 if bricks be employ$1 !y %\ld be b$d$ 9 & cov]$ ) cem5t4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,! ,,relative ,,quantity ,,( ,,ea* ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,sub/ances ,,usually ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,common ,,wat]4 ,to asc]ta9 ! quantity ( e>?y & sal9e matt] conta9$ 9 wat]1 ! foll[+ is ! mo/ simple & easy me?od4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,put any measur$ quantity ( ! wat] into a plat9a1 or silv] evaporat+ bas91 ! weight ( :i* is kn[n1 & evaporate ! wat] ^u a /eam ba?1 at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ahj1 ne>ly to dryness2 &1 la/ly1 remove ! bas9 to a s& ba?1 & let ! mass be evaporat$ to p]fect dryness4 ,! weight ( ! plat9a bas9 be+ already kn[n1 we h only to weigh x c>efully4 ,:5 ! solid sal9e cont5ts ( ! wat] is atta*$ to x1 ! increase ( weight gives ! quantity ( solid matt] conta9$ 9 a giv5 quantity ( ! wat]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,p\r ^u ! sal9e cont5ts a quantity ( di/ill$ wat] equal to t 9 :i* ! obta9$ salts 7 orig9ally dissolv$4 ,if ! :ole sal9e matt] become dissolv$ 9 ?is wat]1 !re is reason to believe t ! sal9e matt] has n be5 alt]$ dur+ ! evaporation ( ! wat]4 ,b if a portion rema9 undissolv$1 z is usually ! case1 !n we may conclude t "s ( ! salts h mutually decompos$ ea* o!r1 :5 br\ght into a conc5trat$ /ate by ! evaporation1 & t salts h be5 =m$ :i* did n orig9ally exi/ 9 ! wat] be=e its evaporation4 ,we h already m5tion$ t almo/ ! only salts conta9$ 9 common wat]s1 are ! c>bonates1 sulphates1 & muriates1 ( soda1 lime1 & magnesia2 & sometimes a v m9ute portion ( iron4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! diff]5t acids & bases pres5t1 9 ! mann] /at$ at p4 #di1 we may easily asc]ta9 ! relative weight ( ea*4 ,! foll[+ =mula sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,murray1#ag is fully z accurate a means ( analys+ wat]s z any o!r1 & x is easy ( execution4 ,! weight ( ! sal9e +r$i5ts ( a giv5 quantity ( wat] be+ det]m9$1 we may proce$ to ! accurate analysis ( x 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,measure out a det]m9ate volume ( ! wat] 7z #ejj or #ajjj cubic in*es17 & evaporate x gradually1 9 an unglaz$ op5 vessel def5d$ f du/1 to "o ?ird ( its orig9al bulk2 !n divide ?is evaporat$ liquid into ?ree equal portions4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,drop into ! fir/ portion1 muriate ( b>ytes2 wa% ! precipitate1 collect x1 dry x at a r$ heat ^u plat9a foil1 & weigh x2 dige/ x 9 nitric acid1 dry x1 & weigh x aga94 ,! loss ( weight indicates ! quantity ( c>bonate ( b>ytes :i* ! precipitate conta9$4 ,! residual weight is sulphate ( b>ytes2 ! c>bonic acid 9 ! wat] is equival5t to #j1bb ( ! weight ( ! c>bonate ( b>ytes2 ! sulphuric acid to #j1cci ( ! weight ( ! sulphate ( b>ytes4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,precipitate ! second portion ( ! conc5trat$ wat]1 by ! addition ( nitrate ( silv]2 wa% ! precipitate1 dry x1 & fuse x on a piece ( foil plat9a1 previ\sly weigh$4 ,by weigh+ ! foil conta9+ ! fus$ *loride ( silv]1 ! weight ( ! precipitate may be asc]ta9$4 ,! f\r? "p ( ?is weight is equival5t to ! weight ( ! muriatic acid conta9$ 9 ! portion ( wat] precipitat$4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,precipitate ! ?ird portion ( ! wat] by ! addition ( oxalate ( ammonia2 wa% & dry ! precipitate2 expose x to a r$ heat1 on a plat9a foil1 or 9 a capsule ( plat9a2 p\r on x "s dilute sulphuric acid2 dige/ = "s "t1 !n evaporate to dryness1 expose ! capsule to a pretty /rong heat1 &1 la/ly1 weigh ! sulphate ( lime ?us produc$3 #j4dec ( its weight indicate ! quantity ( lime 9 ! portion ( wat] precipitat$4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,add to ! same ?ird portion ( ! wat] ?us fre$ f lime1 a portion ( a solution ( neutral c>bonate ( ammonia1 & !n add phosphoric acid1 drop by drop1 z long z any precipitate falls d[n4 ,wa% ! precipitate1 dry x1 & expose x to a r$ heat 9 a plat9a capsule3 x is phosphate ( magnesia4 #j4ceg ( ! weight ( ?is salt is equival5t to ! weight ( ! magnesia conta9$ 9 ! wat]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,if ! wat] conta9 a m9ute portion ( iron1 a quantity ( x equal to "o ( ! ?ree prec$+ portions1 mu/ be tak5 & mix$ ) a solution ( b5zoate ( ammonia4 ,! precipitate be+ wa%$1 dri$1 & expos$ to a r$ heat1 & weigh$1 n9e-t5?s ( its weight indicate ! weight ( protoxide ( iron conta9$ 9 ! wat]4 ,9 ?is mann] ! quantity ( all ! sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! wat] w be asc]ta9$1 except !re be any soda4 ,to "k ! am\nt ( x1 ! foll[+ me?od1 po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,murray1 answ]s v well4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,evaporate a portion ( ! wat] to "o ?ird ( its bulk4 ,precipitate ! c>bonic & sulphuric acids by ! addition ( muriate ( b>ytes1 tak+ c>e n to add any excess ( ! te/s4 ,precipitate ! lime by oxalate ( ammonia1 & ! magnesia by c>bonate ( ammonia & phosphoric acid4 7,page #eb47 ,!n evaporate ! liquid ?us treat$ to dryness4 ,a quantity ( common salt w rema93 let ?is be expos$ to a r$ heat2 #j4d ( its weight indicate ! sodium conta9$ 9 ! bulk ( wat] employ$2 & #j4d sodium are equival5t to #j4ec ( soda4 ,x seems h>dly requisite to m5tion "s o!r sub/ances t occasionally make _! appe>ance 9 ! wat]s us$ = dome/ic purposes4 ,a f9e divid$ s& is a common con/itu5t1 :i* is easily obta9$ 9 a sep>ate /ate4 ,we h only to evaporate a portion ( ! wat] to dryness1 & r$issolve ! sal9e residue 9 di/ill$ wat]4 ,! silici\s s& rema9s undissolv$1 & betrays itself by its insolubility 9 acids1 & its easy fusibility into a transp>ant glass1 ) soda1 be=e ! bl[-pipe4 ,,delet]i\s ,,effects ,,( ,,keep+ ,,wat] ,,= ,,dome/ic ,,economy ,,9 ,,lead5 ,,res]voirs4 ,! delet]i\s effect ( lead1 :5 tak5 into ! /oma*1 is at pres5t s univ]sally kn[n1 t x is q unnecess>y to adduce any argum5t 9 pro( ( its dang]\s t5d5cy4 ,! anci5ts 71 upw>ds ( #bjjj ye>s ago1 z well aw>e ( ! p]nici\s quality ( ?is metal z we are at ! pres5t day2 & inde$ !y appe>$ to h be5 mu* m appreh5sive ( its effects1 & scrupul\s 9 ! application ( x to purposes ( dome/ic economy4 ,_! precautions may h be5 occasionally c>ri$ to an unnecess>y l5g?4 ,?is 0 ! natural consequ5ce ( ! imp]fect /ate ( exp]im5tal k at t p]iod4 ,:5 m5 7 unable to detect ! poison\s matt]s--to be ov] scrupul\s 9 ! use ( su* wat]1 0 an error on ! "r side4 ,! mod]ns1 on ! o!r h&1 9 "p1 p]haps1 f an ill-f\nd$ confid5ce1 & inatt5tion to a c>eful & cont9u$ exam9ation ( its effects1 h fall5 into an opposite error4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! mode ( pres]v+ wat] int5d$ = food or dr9k 9 lead5 res]voirs1 is exce$+ly improp]2 & al?\gh pure wat] ex]cises no s5sible action ^u metallic lead1 provid$ air be exclud$1 ! metal is c]ta9ly act$ on by ! wat] :5 air is admitt$3 ?is effect is s obvi\s1 t x _c escape ! notice ( ! lea/ att5tive obs]v]4 ,! :ite l9e :i* may be se5 at ! surface ( ! wat] pres]v$ 9 lead5 ci/]ns1 :]e ! metal t\*es ! wat] & :]e ! air is admitt$1 is a c>bonate ( lead1 =m$ at ! exp5se ( ! metal4 ,?is sub/ance1 :5 tak5 into ! /oma*1 is highly delet]i\s to heal?4 ,?is 0 ! reason :i* induc$ ! anci5ts to condemn lead5 pipes = ! conveyance ( wat]2 x hav+ be5 rem>k$ t p]sons :o swall[$ ! s$im5t ( su* wat]1 became affect$ ) disord]s ( ! b[els4#ah ,lead5 wat] res]voirs 7 condemn$ 9 anci5t times by ,hyppocrates1 ,gal51 & ,vitruvius1 z dang]\s3 9 addition to :i*1 we may dep5d on ! obs]vations ( ,van ,swiet51 ,tron*91 & o!rs1 :o h quot$ num]\s unhappy examples ( :ole families poison$ by wat] :i* _h rema9$ 9 res]voirs ( lead4 ,dr4 ,john/on1 ,dr4 ,p]cival1 ,sir ,george ,bak]1 & ,dr4 ,lamb1 h likewise record$ num]\s in/ances :]e dang]\s diseases ensu$ f ! use ( wat] impregnat$ ) lead4 ,diff]5t potable wat]s h unequal solv5t p[]s on ?is metal4 ,9 "s places ! use ( lead5 pumps has be5 discont9u$1 f ! exp5se entail$ ^u ! proprietors by ! con/ant want ( repair4 ,dr4 ,lamb#ai /ates an in/ance :]e ! proprietor ( a well ord]$ 8 plumb] to make ! lead ( a pump ( d\ble ! ?ickness ( ! metal usually employ$ = pumps1 to save ! *>ge ( repairs2 because he _h obs]v$ t ! wat] 0 s h>d1 z he call$ x1 t x corrod$ ! lead v soon4 ,! foll[+ in/ance is relat$ by ,sir ,george ,bak]3#bj ,a g5tleman 0 ! fa!r ( a num]\s (fspr+1 hav+ _h "o-&-tw5ty *ildr51 ( :om eight di$ "y1 & ?irte5 surviv$ _! p>5ts4 ,dur+ _! infancy1 & inde$ until !y _h quitt$ ! place ( _! usual resid5ce1 !y 7 all rem>kably unheal?y2 be+ p>ticul>ly subject to disord]s ( ! /oma* & b[els4 ,! fa!r1 dur+ _m ye>s1 0 p>alytic2 ! "m1 = a long "t1 0 subject to colics & bili\s ob/ructions4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! p>5ts1 ! family sold ! h\se :i* !y _h s long inhabit$4 ,! pur*as] f\nd x necess>y to repair ! pump4 ,?is 0 made ( lead2 :i*1 ^u exam9ation 0 f\nd to be s corrod$1 t sev]al p]=ations 7 obs]v$ 9 ! cyl9d]1 9 :i* ! bucket plays2 & ! ci/]n 9 ! upp] "p 0 r$uc$ to ! ?9ness ( common br[n pap]1 & 0 full ( holes1 l a sieve4 ,i h myself se5 num]\s in/ances :]e lead5 ci/]ns h be5 completely corrod$ by ! action ( wat] ) :i* !y 7 9 contact3 & !re is1 p]haps1 n a plumb] :o _c give te/imony ( hav+ exp]i5c$ num]\s simil> in/ances 9 ! practice ( 8 trade4 ,i h be5 frequ5tly call$ ^u to exam9e lead5 ci/]ns1 :i* _h become leaky on acc\nt ( ! action ( ! wat] :i* !y conta9$2 & ,i c\ld adduce an in/ance ( a legal controv]sy hav+ tak5 place to settle ! disputes betwe5 ! proprietors ( an e/ate & a plumb]1 orig9at+ f a simil> cause--! plumb] be+ accus$ ( hav+ furni%$ a faulty res]voir2 :]eas ! case 0 prov$ to be ow+ to ! *emical action ( ! wat] on ! lead4 ,wat] conta9+ a l>ge quantity ( common air & c>bonic acid gas1 always acts v s5sibly on metallic lead4 ,wat]1 :i* has no s5sible action1 9 its natural /ate1 ^u lead1 may acquire ! capability ( act+ on x by het]og5e\s matt]1 :i* x may accid5tally receive4 ,num]\s in/ances h %ewn t vegetable matt]1 su* z leaves1 fall+ into lead5 ci/]ns fill$ ) wat]1 imp>t$ to ! wat] a consid]able solv5t p[] ( action on ! lead1 :i*1 9 its natural /ate x did n possess4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( keep+ lead5 ci/]ns clean2 & ?is is ! m necess>y1 z _! situations expose !m to accid5tal impurities4 ,! not$ saturn9e colic ( ,am/]dam1 describ$ by ,tron*91 orig9at$ f su* a circum/ance2 z also ! case relat$ by ,van ,swiet51#ba ( a :ole family afflict$ ) ! same compla9t1 f su* a ci/]n4 ,& x is highly probable t ! case ( disease record$ by ,dr4 ,duncan1#bb proce$$ m f "s f\lness 9 ! ci/]n1 ?an f ! solv5t p[] ( ! wat]4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! (fic]s ( ! packet boat us$ wat] = _! dr9k & cook+ out ( a lead5 ci/]n1 :il/ ! sailors us$ ! wat] tak5 f ! same s\rce1 except t !irs 0 kept 9 wood5 vessels4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t all ! (fic]s 7 seiz$ ) ! colic1 & all ! m5 cont9u$ heal?y4 ,! c>elessness ( ! bulk ( mank9d1 ,dr4 ,lambe v ju/ly obs]ves1 to ^! ?+s1 is s great1 t to repeat !m aga9 & aga9 _c be :olly useless4 ,al?\gh ! great majority ( p]sons :o daily use wat] kept 9 lead5 ci/]ns receive no s5sible injury1 yet ! app>5t salubrity mu/ be ascrib$ to ! great sl[ness ( its op]ation1 & ! m9ut5ess ( ! dose tak51 ! effects ( :i* become modifi$ by diff]5t causes & diff]5t con/itutions1 & accord+ to ! pr$isposition to diseases inh]5t 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,! suppos$ security ( ! multitude :o use ! wat] ) impunity1 am\nts to no m ?an presumption1 9 fav\r ( any individual1 :i* may or may n be confirm$ by exp]i5ce4 ,indep5d5t ( ! morbid susceptibility ( impressions :i* di/+ui% c]ta9 habits1 !re is1 besides1 mu* v>iety 9 ! orig9al con/itution ( ! human frame1 ( :i* we are totally ignorant4 ,! susceptibility or pron5ess to disease ( ea* individual1 mu/ be e/eem$ peculi> to himself4 ,confid+ to ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs is a gr\nd ( security :i* may prove fallaci\s2 & ! dang] c ) c]ta9ty be obviat$ only by avoid+ its s\rce4 ,& consid]+ ! v>i\s & complicat$ *anges ( ! human frame1 "u diff]5t circum/ances & at diff]5t ages1 x is nei!r impossible nor improbable t ! sub/ances tak5 into ! sy/em at "o p]iod1 & ev5 = a s]ies ( ye>s1 ) app>5t impunity may1 not)/&+1 at ano!r p]iod1 be ev5tually ! occasion ( disease & ( dea?4 ,! exp]i5ce ( a s+le p]son1 or ( _m p]sons1 h[ev] num]\s1 is q incompet5t to ! decision ( a "q ( ?is nature4 ,! p]nici\s effects ( an intemp]ate use ( spirit\s liquors is n less c]ta9 because we (t5 see habitual drunk>ds enjoy a /ate ( good heal?1 & arrive at old age3 & ! same may be said ( individuals :o indulge 9 vices ( all k9ds1 evid5tly de/ructive to life2 _m ( :om1 9 spite ( _! bad habits1 atta9 to a vigor\s old age4#bc ,9 confirmation ( ^! rem>ks1 we adduce ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! effect ( wat] contam9at$ by lead1 giv5 by ,sir ,g4 ,bak]3 ,! mo/ rem>kable case on ! subject t n[ occurs to my memory1 is t ( ,"l ,a%burnham's family1 9 ,sussex2 to :i*1 spr+ wat] 0 suppli$1 f a consid]able di/ance1 9 lead5 pipes4 ,9 consequ5ce1 8 ,lord%ip's s]vants 7 e ye> torm5t$ ) colic1 & "s ( !m di$4 ,an em95t physician1 ( ,battle1 :o correspond$ ) me on ! subject1 s5t up "s gallons ( t wat]1 :i* 7 analys$ by ,dr4 ,higg9s1 :o report$ t ! wat] _h conta9$ m ?an ! common quantity ( c>bonic acid2 & t he f\nd 9 x lead 9 solution1 :i* he attribut$ to ! c>bonic acid4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ,"l ,a%burnham sub/itut$ wood5 = lead5 pipes2 & f t "t 8 family h _h no p>ticul> compla9ts 9 _! b[els4 ,ri*mond1 ,sept4 #bg1 #ahjb4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,lead1 ,,:5 ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,wat]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ delicate te/s = detect+ lead1 is wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* in/antly imp>ts to ! fluid conta9+ ! m9ute/ quantity ( lead1 a br[n or blacki% t+e4 ,?is te/ is s delicate t di/ill$ wat]1 :5 cond5s$ by a lead5 pipe 9 a /ill tub1 is affect$ by x4 ,to %ew ! action ( ?is te/1 ! foll[+ exp]im5ts w s]ve4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,p\r into a w9e-glass conta9+ di/ill$ wat]1 an equal quantity ( wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas3 no *ange w take place2 b if a #a_/d ( a gra9 ( acetate ( lead 7sug> ( lead ( comm]ce71 or any o!r prep>ation ( lead1 be add$1 ! mixture w in/antly turn br[n & d>k-col\r$4 ,to apply ?is te/1 "o "p ( ! suspect$ wat] ne$ m]ely to be m+l$ ) a l quantity ( wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,or bett]1 a l>g] quantity1 a gallon = example1 ( ! wat] may be conc5trat$ by evaporation to ab\t half a p9t1 & !n submitt$ to ! action ( ! te/4 ,ano!r & m effici5t mode ( apply+ ?is te/1 is1 to pass a curr5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas ?r\gh ! suspect$ wat] 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,illu/ration ,take a bottle 7a7 or ,flor5ce flask1 adapt to ! m\? ( x a cork furni%$ ) a glass tube 7b71 b5t at "r angles2 let "o leg ( ! tube be imm]s$ 9 ! vial 7c7 conta9+ ! wat] to be exam9$2 z %ewn 9 ! foll[+ sket*4 ,!n take "o "p ( sulphuret ( antimony ( comm]ce1 break x into pieces ( half ! size ( split pease1 put x into ! flask1 & p\r ^u x f\r p>ts ( common conc5trat$ muriatic acid 7_s ( salt ( comm]ce74 ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas w become dis5gag$ f ! mat]ials 9 abundance1 & pass ?r\gh ! wat] 9 ! vial 7c74 ,let ! extrication ( ! gas be cont9u$ = ab\t five m9utes2 & if ! m9ute/ quantity ( lead be pres5t1 ! wat] w acquire a d>k-br[n or blacki% t+e4 ,! extrication ( ! gas is facilitat$ by ! application ( a g5tle heat4 ,! action ( ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 te/1 :5 appli$ 9 ?is mann]1 is a/oni%+ly great2 = "o "p ( acetate ( lead may be detect$ by means ( x1 9 #bjjjj p>ts ( wat]4#bd ,ano!r te/ = readily detect+ lead 9 wat]1 is sulphurett$ *yazate ( pota%1 fir/ po9t$ out z su* by ,mr4 ,porret4 ,a few drops ( ?is re-ag5t1 add$ to wat] conta9+ lead1 occasion a :ite precipitate1 consi/+ ( small brilliant scales ( a consid]able lu/re4 ,sulphate ( pota%1 or sulphate ( soda1 is likewise a v delicate te/ = detect+ m9ute portions ( lead4 ,dr4 ,?omson#be discov]$1 by means ( x1 "o "p ( lead 9 #ajjjjj p>ts ( wat]2 & ?is acute ,philosoph] consid]s x z ! mo/ unequivocal te/ ( lead t we possess4 ,dr4 ,?omson rem>ks t no o!r precipitate c well be conf\nd$ ) x1 except sulphate ( b>ytes2 & !re is no probability ( ! pres5ce ( b>ytes exi/+ 9 common wat]4 ,c>bonate ( pota%1 or c>bonate ( soda1 may also be us$ z ag5ts to detect ! pres5ce ( lead4 ,by means ( ^! salts ,dr4 ,?omson 0 enabl$ to detect ! pres5ce ( a small] quantity ( lead 9 di/ill$ wat]1 ?an by ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,b ! read] mu/ "h be told1 t ! use ( ^! te/s _c be entru/$ to an unskilful h&2 because ! alkal9e c>bonates ?r[ d[n also lime & magnesia1 two sub/ances :i* are frequ5tly f\nd 9 common wat]2 ! =m] te/s1 namely1 wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 & nasc5t sulphurett$ hydrog51 are !re=e pref]able4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial t ! wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 :5 employ$ z a te/ = detect+ v m9ute quantities ( lead1 be fre% prep>$2 & if sulphate ( pota%1 or sulphate ( soda1 be us$ z te/s1 !y %\ld be p]fectly pure4 ,sulphate ( pota% is pref]able to sulphate ( soda4 ,x is likewise advisable to act ) ^! te/s ^u wat] conc5trat$ by boil+4 ,! wat] to :i* ! te/ has be5 add$ does sometimes appe> n to und]go any *ange1 at fir/2 x is !re=e necess>y to suff] ! mixture to /& = a few h\rs2 aft] :i* "t ! action ( ! te/ w be m evid5t4 ,mr4 ,silve/]#bf has propos$ gallic acid z a delicate te/ = detect+ lead4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,dalton1 ,man*e/] ,memoirs1 vol4 iv4 p4 #ee4 #ab ,m>sd5's ,hi/ory ( ,sumatra4 #ac ,man*e/] ,memoirs vol4 x4 #ahai4 #ad ,obs]vations on ! ,wat] ) :i* ,tunbridge ,wells is *iefly suppli$ = ,dome/ic ,purposes1 by ,dr4 ,?omson2 =m+ an ,app5dix to an ,analysis ( ! ,m9]al ,wat]s ( ,tunbridge ,wells1 by ,dr4 ,scudamore4 #ae ,x is absolutely ess5tial t ! te/s %\ld be pure4 #af ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 vol4 xv4 p4 #beb4 #ag ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 vol4 viii4 p4 #bei4 #ah ,sir ,g4 ,bak]1 ,m$4 ,trans4 vol4 i4 p4 #bhj4 #ai ,lamb on ,spr+ ,wat]4 #bj ,m$ical ,trans4 vol4 i4 p4 #dbj4 #ba ,van ,swiet5 ad ,bo]haave1 ,aphorisms1 #ajfj4 ,comm5t4 #bb ,m$ical ,comm5t4 ,dec4 #b1 #agid4 #bc ,lambe on ,spr+ ,wat]4 #bd ,see ,an ,analysis ( ! ,m9]al ,wat]s ( ,tunbridge ,wells1 by ,dr4 ,scudamore1 p4 #ee4 ,! application ( ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 te/ requires "s precautions 9 ^? cases :]e o!r metals besides lead may be expect$2 because silv]1 quicksilv]1 t91 copp]1 & sev]al o!r metals1 are affect$ by x1 z well z lead2 b !re is no *ance ( ^! metals be+ met ) 9 common wat]4--,see ,*emical ,te/s1 ?ird edition1 p4 #bjg4 #be ,analysis ( ,tunbridge ,wells ,wat]1 by ,dr4 ,scudamore1 p4 #ee4 #bf ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 p4 #cc1 #caj4 ,adult]ation ( ,w9e4 ,x is suffici5tly obvi\s1 t few ( ^? commodities1 :i* are ! objects ( comm]ce1 are adult]at$ to a great] ext5t ?an w9e4 ,all p]sons mod]ately conv]sant ) ! subject1 are aw>e1 t a portion ( alum is add$ to "y & meagre r$ w9es1 = ! purpose ( bright5+ _! col\r2 t ,brazil wood1 or ! husks ( eld]b]ries & bilb]ries1#bg are employ$ to imp>t a deep ri* purple t9t to r$ ,port ( a pale1 fa9t col\r2 t gypsum is us$ to r5d] cl\dy :ite w9es transp>5t2#bh t an additional a/r+5cy is imp>t$ to immature r$ w9es by means ( oak-wood sawdu/1#bi & ! husks ( filb]ts2 & t a mixture ( spoil$ =eign & home-made w9es is conv]t$ into ! wret*$ comp\nd frequ5tly sold 9 ?is t[n by ! "n ( g5u9e old ,port4 ,v>i\s exp$i5ts are resort$ to = ! purpose ( communicat+ p>ticul> flav\rs to insipid w9es4 ,?us a nutty flav\r is produc$ by bitt] almonds2 factiti\s ,port w9e is flav\r$ ) a t9cture drawn f ! se$s ( rais9s2 & ! +r$i5ts employ$ to =m ! b\quet ( high-flav\r$ w9es1 are sweet-bri]1 oris-root1 cl>y1 *]ry laurel wat]1 & eld]-fl[]s4 ,! flav\r+ +r$i5ts us$ by manufactur]s1 may all be pur*as$ by ^? deal]s 9 w9e :o are initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ! trade2 & ev5 a manuscript recipe book = prep>+ !m1 & ! :ole my/]y ( manag+ all sorts ( w9es1 may be obta9$ on paym5t ( a consid]able fee4 ,! sophi/ication ( w9e ) sub/ances n absolutely noxi\s to heal?1 is c>ri$ to an enorm\s ext5t 9 ?is metropolis4 ,_m ?\s& pipes ( spoil$ cyd] are annually br\ght hi!r f ! c\ntry1 = ! purpose ( be+ conv]t$ into factiti\s ,port w9e4 ,! art ( manufactur+ spuri\s w9e is a regul> trade ( great ext5t 9 ?is metropolis4 ,!re is1 9 ?is city1 a c]ta9 frat]nity ( *emical op]ators1 :o "w und]gr\nd 9 holes1 cav]ns1 & d>k retirem5ts1 to conceal _! my/]ies f ! eyes & obs]vation ( mank9d4 ,^! subt]rane\s philosoph]s are daily employ$ 9 ! transmutation ( liquors2 & by ! p[] ( magical drugs & incantations1 rais+ "u ! /reets ( ,london ! *oice/ products ( ! hills & valleys ( ,france4 ,!y c squeeze ,b\rdeaux out ( ! sloe1 & draw ,*ampagne f an apple4 ,virgil1 9 t rem>kable prophecy1 ,incultisque ruh5s p5debit s5tibus uva4 ,virg4 ,ecl4 iv4 #bi4 ,! rip5+ grape %all hang on e ?orn4 seems to h h9t$ at ?is art1 :i* c turn a plantation ( nor!rn h$ges into a v9ey>d4 ,^! adepts are kn[n among "o ano!r by ! "n ( ,w9e-brew]s2 &1 ,i am afraid1 d great injury1 n only to h] ,maje/y's cu/oms1 b to ! bodies ( _m ( h] good subjects4#cj ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! recipes employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( spuri\s w9e3 ,to make ,briti% ,port ,w9e4#ca--,take ( ,briti% grape w9e1 or good cyd]1 #d gallons2 ( ! juice ( r$ beet root two qu>ts2 br&y1 two qu>ts2 logwood #d ounces2 rhatany root1 bruis$1 half a p\nd3 fir/ infuse ! logwood & rhatany root 9 br&y1 & a gallon ( grape w9e or cyd] = "o week2 !n /ra9 (f ! liquor1 & mix x ) ! o!r +r$i5ts2 keep x 9 a cask = a mon?1 :5 x w be fit to bottle4 ,briti% ,*ampagne4--,take ( :ite sug>1 #h p\nds2 ! :ite/ br[n sug>1 #g p\nds1 cry/all9e lemon acid1 or t>t>ic acid1 #a ounce & a qu>t]1 pure wat]1 #h gallons2 :ite grape w9e1 two qu>ts1 or p]ry1 #d qu>ts2 ( ,fr5* br&y1 #c p9ts4 ,put ! sug> 9 ! wat]1 skimm+ x occasionally = two h\rs1 !n p\r x into a tub & dissolve 9 x ! acid2 be=e x is cold1 add "s yea/ & f]m5t4 ,put x into a clean cask & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,! cask is !n to be well bung$1 & kept 9 a cool place = two or ?ree mon?s2 !n bottle x & keep x cool = a mon? long]1 :5 x w be fit = use4 ,if x %\ld n be p]fectly cle> aft] /&+ 9 ! cask two or ?ree mon?s1 x %\ld be r5d]$ s by ! use ( is+lass4 ,by add+ #a lb4 ( fre% or pres]v$ /rawb]ries1 & #b ounces ( p[d]$ co*9eal1 ! ,,p9k ,*ampagne may be made4 ,s\?ampton ,port4#cb--,take cyd]1 #cf gallons2 eld] w9e1 #aa gallons2 br&y1 #e gallons2 damson w9e1 #aa gallons2 mix4 ,! p>ticul> & sep>ate dep>tm5t 9 ?is factiti\s w9e trade1 call$ cru/+1 consi/s 9 l9+ ! int]ior surface ( empty w9e-bottles1 9 "p1 ) a r$ cru/ ( sup]-t>trate ( pota%1 by suff]+ a saturat$ hot solution ( ?is salt1 col\r$ r$ ) a decoction ( ,brazil-wood1 to cry/allize )9 !m2 & aft] ?is simulation ( maturity is p]fect$1 !y are fill$ ) ! comp\nd call$ ,port w9e4 ,o!r artisans are regul>ly employ$ 9 /a9+ ! l[] extremities ( bottle-corks ) a f9e r$ col\r1 to appe>1 on be+ drawn1 z if !y _h be5 long 9 contact ) ! w9e4 ,! prep>ation ( an a/r+5t extract1 to produce1 f spoil$ home-made & =eign w9es1 a g5u9e old ,port1 by m]e admixture2 or to imp>t to a weak w9e a r\gh au/]e ta/e1 a f9e col\r1 & a peculi> flav\r2 =ms "o bran* ( ! bus9ess ( p>ticul> w9e-coop]s3 :ile ! mell[+ & re/or+ ( spoil$ :ite w9es1 is ! sole occupation ( m5 :o are call$ ref9]s ( w9e4 ,we h /at$ t a cry/all9e cru/ is =m$ on ! int]ior surface ( bottles1 = ! purpose ( mislead+ ! unw>y into a belief t ! w9e conta9$ 9 !m is ( a c]ta9 age4 ,a correspond5t op]ation is p]=m$ on ! wood5 cask2 ! :ole int]ior ( :i* is /a9$ artificially ) a cry/all9e cru/ ( sup]-t>trate ( pota%1 artfully affix$ 9 a mann] precisely simil> to t be=e /at$4 ,?us ! w9e-m]*ant1 aft] bottl+ (f a pipe ( w9e1 is enabl$ to impose on ! und]/&+ ( 8 cu/om]s1 by tak+ to pieces ! cask1 & exhibit+ ! beautiful d>k col\r$ & f9e cry/all9e cru/1 z an indubitable pro( ( ! age ( ! w9e2 a practice by no means uncommon1 to flatt] ! vanity ( ^? :o pride !mselves 9 _! acute discrim9ation ( w9es4 ,^! & _m o!r sophi/ications1 :i* h long be5 practis$ ) impunity1 are consid]$ z legitimate by ^? :o pride !mselves = _! skill 9 ! art ( manag+1 or1 accord+ to ! famili> phrase1 doctor+ w9es4 ,! plea alleg$ 9 exculpation ( !m1 is1 t1 ?\gh deceptive1 !y are h>mless3 b ev5 admitt+ ?is z a palliation1 yet !y =m only "o dep>tm5t ( an art :i* includes o!r processes ( a t5d5cy absolutely crim9al4 ,sev]al well-au!nticat$ facts h conv9c$ me t ! adult]ation ( w9e ) sub/ances delet]i\s to heal?1 is c]ta9ly practis$ (t5] ?an is1 p]haps1 suspect$2 & x w\ld be easy to give "s in/ances ( v s]i\s effects hav+ aris5 f w9es contam9at$ ) delet]i\s sub/ances1 7 ?is a subject on :i* ,i meant to speak4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t is copi$ f ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,m>* #ahaa1 p4 #ahh4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 ! pass5g]s by ! ,highfly] coa*1 f ! nor?1 d9$1 z usual1 at ,new>k4 ,a bottle ( ,port w9e 0 ord]$2 on ta/+ :i*1 "o ( ! pass5g]s obs]v$ t x _h an unpleasant flav\r1 & begg$ t x might be *ang$4 ,! wait] took away ! bottle1 p\r$ into a fre% decant] half ! w9e :i* _h be5 object$ to1 & fill$ x up f ano!r bottle4 ,?is he took into ! room1 & ! great] "p 0 drank by ! pass5g]s1 :o1 aft] ! coa* _h set out t[>ds ,gran?am1 7 seiz$ ) extreme sickness2 "o g5tleman 9 p>ticul>1 :o _h tak5 m ( ! w9e ?an ! o!rs1 x 0 ?\ght w\ld h di$1 b has s9ce recov]$4 ,! half ( ! bottle ( w9e s5t out ( ! pass5g]s' room1 0 put aside = ! purpose ( mix+ negus4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,mr4 ,bl&1 ( ,new>k1 w5t into ! hotel1 & drank a glass or two ( w9e & wat]4 ,he return$ home at 8 usual h\r1 & w5t to b$2 9 ! middle ( ! night he 0 tak5 s ill1 z to induce ,mrs4 ,bl& to s5d = 8 bro!r1 an apo!c>y 9 ! t[n2 b be=e t g5tleman arriv$1 he 0 dead4 ,an inque/ 0 held1 & ! jury1 aft] ! fulle/ enquiry1 & ! exam9ation ( ! surgeons by :om ! body 0 op5$1 return$ a v]dict (--,di$ by ,poison4 ,! mo/ dang]\s adult]ation ( w9e is by "s prep>ations ( lead1 :i* possess ! prop]ty ( /opp+ ! progress ( acesc5ce ( w9e1 & also ( r5d]+ :ite w9es1 :5 muddy1 transp>5t4 ,i h good reason to /ate t lead is c]ta9ly employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,! effect is v rapid2 & !re appe>s to be no o!r me?od kn[n1 ( rapidly recov]+ ropy w9es4 ,w9e m]*ants p]suade !mselves t ! m9ute quantity ( lead employ$ = t purpose is p]fectly h>mless1 & t no atom ( lead rema9s 9 ! w9e4 ,*emical analysis proves ! contr>y2 & ! practice ( cl>ify+ spoil$ :ite w9es by means ( lead1 mu/ be pron\nc$ z highly delet]i\s4 ,lead1 9 :atev] /ate x be tak5 into ! /oma*1 occasions t]rible diseases2 & w9e1 adult]at$ ) ! m9ute/ quantity ( x1 becomes a sl[ poison4 ,! m]*ant or deal] :o practises ?is dang]\s sophi/ication1 adds ! crime ( murd] to t ( fraud1 & delib]ately scatt]s ! se$s ( disease & dea? among ^? consum]s :o contribute to 8 emolum5t4 ,if to debase ! curr5t co9 ( ! realm be d5\nc$ z a capital (f5ce1 :at puni%m5t %\ld be aw>d$ aga9/ a practice :i* conv]ts into poison a liquor us$ = sacr$ purposes4 ,dr4 ,watson#cc relates1 t ! me?od ( adult]at+ w9e ) lead1 0 at "o "t a common practice 9 ,p>is4 ,dr4 ,w>r5#cd /ates an in/ance ( ?irty-two p]sons hav+ become sev]ely ill1 aft] dr9k+ :ite w9e t _h be5 adult]at$ ) lead4 ,"o ( !m di$1 & "o became p>alytic4 ,9 ,graham's ,treatise on ,w9e-,mak+1#ce "u ! article ( ,secrets1 belong+ to ! my/]ies ( v9tn]s1 p4 #ca1 lead is recomm5d$ to prev5t w9e f becom+ acid4 ,! foll[+ l9es are copi$ f ,mr4 ,graham's "w3 ,to h9d] ,w9e f turn+4 ,put a p\nd ( melt$ lead1 9 fair wat]1 into y\r cask1 pretty w>m1 & /op x close4 ,to s(t5 ,grey ,w9e4 ,put 9 a little v9eg> :]e9 li?>ge has be5 well /eep$1 & boil "s honey1 to draw out ! wax4 ,/ra9 x ?r\gh a clo?1 & put a qu>t ( x into a ti]ce ( w9e1 & ?is w m5d x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! anci5ts knew t lead r5d]$ h>% w9es mild]1 & pres]v$ x f acidity1 )\t be+ aw>e t x 0 p]nici\s3 x 0 !re=e long us$ ) confid5ce2 & :5 its effects 7 discov]$1 !y 7 n ascrib$ to t metal1 b to "s o!r cause4#cf ,:5 ! ,greek & ,roman w9e m]*ants wi%$ to try :e!r _! w9e 0 spoil$1 !y imm]s$ 9 x a plate ( lead2#cg if ! col\r ( ! lead 7 corrod$1 !y conclud$ t _! w9e 0 spoil$4 ,w9e may become accid5tally impregnat$ ) lead4 ,x is well kn[n t bottles 9 :i* w9e has be5 kept1 are usually clean$ by means ( %ot1 :i* by its roll+ motion deta*es ! sup]-t>trate ( pota% f ! sides ( ! bottles4 ,?is practice1 :i* is g5]ally pursu$ by w9e-m]*ants1 may give rise to s]i\s consequ5ces1 z w become evid5t f ! foll[+ case3#ch ,a g5tleman :o _h nev] 9 8 life exp]i5c$ a day's illness1 & :o 0 con/antly 9 ! habit ( dr9k+ half a bottle ( ,madeira w9e aft] 8 d9n]1 0 tak5 ill1 ?ree h\rs aft] d9n]1 ) a sev]e pa9 9 ! /oma* & viol5t b[el colic1 :i* gradually yield$ )9 twelve h\rs to ! rem$ies prescrib$ by 8 m$ical advis]4 ,! day foll[+ he drank ! rema9d] ( ! same bottle ( w9e :i* 0 left ! prec$+ day1 & )9 two h\rs aft]w>ds he 0 aga9 seiz$ ) ! mo/ viol5t colliquative pa9s1 heada*1 %iv]+s1 & great pa9 ov] ! :ole body4 ,8 apo!c>y becom+ suspici\s t ! w9e he _h drank might be ! cause ( ! disease1 ord]$ ! bottle f :i* ! w9e _h be5 decant$ to be br\ght to him1 ) a view t he might exam9e ! dregs1 if any 7 left4 ,! bottle happ5+ to slip out ( ! h& ( ! s]vant1 disclos$ a r[ ( %ot w$g$ =cibly into ! angul> b5t-up circumf]5ce ( x4 ,on exam9+ ! beads ( %ot1 !y crumbl$ into du/1 ! out] cru/ 7def5d$ by a coat ( black lead ) :i* ! %ot is glaz$7 be+ alone left unact$ on1 :il/ ! rema9d] ( ! metal 0 dissolv$4 ,! w9e1 !re=e1 _h become contam9at$ ) lead & ars5ic1 ! %ot be+ a comp\nd ( ^! metals1 :i* no d\bt _h produc$ ! mis*ief4 ,,te/ ,,= ,,detect+ ,,! ,,delet]i\s ,,adult]ations ,,( ,,w9e4 ,a ready re-ag5t = detect+ ! pres5ce ( lead1 or any o!r delet]i\s metal 9 w9e1 is kn[n by ! "n ( ! w9e te/4 ,x consi/s ( wat] saturat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 acidulat$ ) muriatic acid4 ,by add+ "o "p ( x1 to two ( w9e1 or any o!r liquid suspect$ to conta9 lead1 a d>k col\r$ or black precipitate w fall d[n1 :i* does n disappe> by an addition ( muriatic acid2 & ?is precipitate1 dri$ & fus$ be=e ! bl[pipe on a piece ( *>coal1 yields a globule ( metallic lead4 ,?is te/ does n precipitate iron2 ! muriatic acid reta9s iron 9 solution :5 comb9$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog52 & any acid 9 ! w9e has no effect 9 precipitat+ any ( ! sulphur ( ! te/ liquor4 ,or a /ill m efficaci\s me?od is1 to pass a curr5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas ?r\gh ! w9e1 9 ! mann] describ$1 p4 #gj1 hav+ previ\sly acidulat$ ! w9e ) muriatic acid4 ,! w9e te/ sometimes employ$ is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,mix equal p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ sulphur & ( slack$ quick-lime1 & expose x to a r$ heat = tw5ty m9utes4 ,to ?irty-six gra9s ( ?is sulphuret ( lime1 add tw5ty-six gra9s ( sup]-t>trate ( potassa2 put ! mixture into an ounce bottle1 & fill up ! bottle ) wat] t has be5 previ\sly boil$1 & suff]$ to cool4 ,! liquor1 aft] hav+ be5 repeat$ly %ak51 & all[$ to become cle>1 by ! subsid5ce ( ! undissolv$ matt]1 may !n be p\r$ into ano!r phial1 into :i* ab\t tw5ty drops ( muriatic acid h be5 previ\sly put4 ,x is !n ready = use4 ,?is te/1 :5 m+l$ ) w9e conta9+ lead or copp]1 turns ! w9e ( a d>k-br[n or black col\r4 ,b ! m]e application ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas to w9e1 acidulat$ by muriatic acid1 is a f> m pref]able mode ( detect+ lead 9 w9e4 ,m4 ,vogel#ci has lately recomm5d$ acetate ( lead z a te/ = detect+ extrane\s col\rs 9 r$ w9e4 ,he rem>ks1 t none ( ! sub/ances t c be employ$ = col\r+ w9e1 su* z ! b]ries ( ! ,vacc9ium ,mirtillus 7bilb]ries71 eld]b]ries1 & ,campea* wood1 produce ) g5u9e r$ w9e1 a gre5i% grey precipitate1 :i* is ! col\r t is procur$ by ?is te/ by means ( g5u9e r$ w9es4 ,w9e col\r$ ) ! juice ( ! bilb]ries1 or eld]b]ries1 or ,campea* wood1 produces1 ) acetate ( lead1 a deep blue precipitate2 & ,brazil-wood1 r$ saund]s1 & ! r$ beet1 produce a col\r :i* is precipitat$ r$ by acetate ( lead4 ,w9e col\r$ by beet root is also r5d]$ col\rless by lime wat]2 b ! weake/ acid br+s back ! col\r4 ,z ! col\r+ matt] ( r$ w9es resides 9 ! sk9 ( ! grape1 ,m4 ,vogel prep>$ a quantity ( sk9s1 & r$uc$ !m to p[d]4 ,9 ?is /ate he f\nd t !y communicat$ to alcohol a deep r$ col\r3 a pap] /a9$ ) ?is col\r 0 r5d]$ r$ by acids & gre5 by alkalies4 ,m4 ,vogel made a quantity ( r$ w9e f black grapes1 = ! purpose ( 8 exp]im5ts2 & ?is produc$ ! g5u9e greyi% gre5 precipitate ) acetate ( lead4 ,he also f\nd ! same col\r$ precipitate 9 two specim5s ( r$ w9e1 ! g5u95ess ( :i* c\ld n be suspect$2 ! "o f ,*ateau-,m>guaux1 & ! o!r f ! neighb\rhood ( ,cobl5tz4 ,,specific ,,diff]5ces1 ,,& ,,compon5t ,,p>ts ,,( ,,w9e4 ,e body kn[s t no product ( ! arts v>ies s mu* z w9e2 t diff]5t c\ntries1 & sometimes ! diff]5t prov9ces ( ! same c\ntry1 produce diff]5t w9es4 ,^! diff]5ces1 no d\bt1 mu/ be attribut$ *iefly to ! climate 9 :i* ! v9ey>d is situat$--to its culture--! quantity ( sug> conta9$ 9 ! grape juice--! manufacture ( ! w9e2 or ! mode ( suff]+ its f]m5tation to be accompli%$4 ,if ! grapes be ga!r$ unripe1 ! w9e ab\nds ) acid2 b if ! fruit be ga!r$ ripe1 ! w9e w be ri*4 ,:5 ! proportion ( sug> 9 ! grape is suffici5t1 & ! f]m5tation complete1 ! w9e is p]fect & g5]\s4 ,if ! quantity ( sug> be too l>ge1 "p ( x rema9s undecompos$1 z ! f]m5tation is languid1 & ! w9e is sweet & lusci\s2 if1 on ! contr>y1 x conta9s1 ev5 :5 full ripe1 only a small portion ( sug>1 ! w9e is ?9 & weak2 & if x be bottl$ be=e ! f]m5tation be complet$1 "p ( ! sug> rema9s undecompos$1 ! f]m5tation w g on sl[ly 9 ! bottle1 &1 on draw+ ! cork1 ! w9e sp>kles 9 ! glass2 z1 = example1 ,*ampagne4 ,su* w9es are n suffici5tly mature4 ,:5 ! mu/ is sep>at$ f ! husk ( ! r$ grape be=e x is f]m5t$1 ! w9e has little or no col\r3 ^! are call$ :ite w9es4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! husks are all[$ to rema9 9 ! mu/ :ile ! f]m5tation is go+ on1 ! alcohol dissolves ! col\r+ matt] ( ! husks1 & ! w9e is col\r$3 su* are call$ r$ w9es4 ,h5ce :ite w9es are (t5 prep>$ f r$ grapes1 ! liquor be+ drawn (f be=e x has acquir$ ! r$ col\r2 = ! sk9 ( ! grape only gives ! col\r4 ,besides 9 ^! pr9cipal circum/ances1 w9es v>y mu* 9 flav\r4 ,all w9es conta9 "o common & id5tical pr9ciple1 f :i* _! simil> effects are produc$2 namely1 br&y or alcohol4 ,x is especially by ! diff]5t proportions ( br&y conta9$ 9 w9es1 t !y diff] mo/ f "o ano!r4 ,:5 w9e is di/ill$1 ! alcohol readily sep>ates4 ,! _s ?us obta9$ is well kn[n "u ! "n ( br&y4 ,all w9es conta9 also a free acid2 h5ce !y turn blue t9cture ( cabbage1 r$4 ,! acid f\nd 9 ! greate/ abundance 9 grape w9es1 is t>t>ic acid4 ,e w9e conta9s likewise a portion ( sup]-t>trate ( pota%1 & extractive matt]1 d]iv$ f ! juice ( ! grape4 ,^! sub/ances deposit sl[ly 9 ! vessel 9 :i* !y are kept4 ,to ?is is ow+ ! improvem5t ( w9e f age4 ,^? w9es :i* eff]vesce or fro?1 :5 p\r$ into a glass1 conta9 also c>bonic acid1 to :i* _! briskness is ow+4 ,! peculi> flav\r & od\r ( diff]5t k9ds ( w9es probably dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( a volatile oil1 s small 9 quantity t x _c be sep>at$4 ,,easy ,,me?od ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,! ,,quantity ,,( ,,br&y ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,sorts ,,( ,,w9e4 ,! /r5g? ( all w9es dep5ds ^u ! quantity ( alcohol or br&y :i* !y conta94 ,mr4 ,br&e1 & ,gay-,lussac1 h prov$1 by v decisive exp]im5ts1 t all w9es conta9 br&y or alcohol ready =m$4 ,! foll[+ is ! process discov]$ by ,mr4 ,br&e1 = asc]ta9+ ! quantity ( _s1 or br&y1 conta9$ 9 diff]5t sorts ( w9e4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,add to eight p>ts1 by measure1 ( ! w9e to be exam9$1 "o "p ( a conc5trat$ solution ( sub-acetate ( lead3 a d5se insoluble precipitate w ensue2 :i* is a comb9ation ( ! te/ liquor ) ! col\r+1 extractive1 & acid matt] ( ! w9e4 ,%ake ! mixture = a few m9utes1 p\r ! :ole ^u a filtre1 & collect ! filt]$ fluid4 ,x conta9s ! br&y or _s1 & wat] ( ! w9e1 toge!r ) a portion ( ! sub-acetate ( lead4 ,add1 9 small quantities at a "t1 to ?is fluid1 w>m1 dry1 & pure sub-c>bonate ( pota% 7n salt ( t>t>1 or sub-c>bonate ( pota% ( comm]ce71 :i* has previ\sly be5 fre$ f wat] by heat1 till ! la/ portion add$ rema9s undissolv$4 ,! br&y or _s conta9$ 9 ! fluid w become sep>at$2 = ! sub-c>bonate ( pota% ab/racts f x ! :ole ( ! wat] ) :i* x 0 comb9$2 ! br&y or _s ( w9e =m+ a di/9ct /ratum1 :i* floats ^u ! aque\s solution ( ! alkal9e salt4 ,if ! exp]im5t be made 9 a glass tube1 f "o-half in* to two in*es 9 diamet]1 & graduat$ into #ajj equal p>ts1 ! p] c5tage ( _s1 9 a giv5 quantity ( w9e1 may be read (f by m]e inspection4 ,9 ?is mann] ! /r5g? ( any w9e may be exam9$4 ,tabul> ,view1 exhibit+ ! ,p] ,c5tage ( ,br&y or ,alcohol#dj conta9$ 9 v>i\s k9ds ( ,w9es1 & o!r f]m5t$ ,liquors4#da ,proportion ( ,_s p] ,c5t4 by measure4 ,lissa #bf1dg ,ditto #bd1ce ,av]age #be1da ,rais9 ,w9e #bf1dj ,ditto #be1gg ,ditto #bc1cj ,av]age #be1ab ,m>cella #bf1jc ,ditto #be1je ,av]age #be1ji ,madeira #bd1db ,ditto #bc1ic ,ditto 7,s]cial7 #ba1dj ,ditto #ai1bd ,av]age #bb1bg ,port #be1hc ,ditto #bd1bi ,ditto #bc1ga ,ditto #bc1ci ,ditto #bb1cj ,ditto #ba1dj ,ditto #ai1if ,av]age #bb1if ,%]ry #ai1ha ,ditto #ai1hc ,ditto #ah1gi ,ditto #ah1be ,av]age #ai1ag ,t5]iffe #ai1gi ,col>es #ai1ge ,la*ryma ,*ri/i #ai1gj ,con/antia 7,:ite7 #ai1ge ,ditto 7,r$7 #ah1ib ,lisbon #ah1id ,malaga 7#afff7 #ah1id ,bucellas #ah1di ,r$ ,madeira #bb1cj ,ditto #ah1dj ,av]age #bj1ce ,cape ,mus*at #ah1be ,cape ,madeira #bb1id ,ditto #bj1ej ,ditto #ah1aa ,av]age #bj1ea ,grape ,w9e #ah1aa ,calcavella #ai1bj ,ditto #ah1aj ,av]age #ah1fe ,vidonia #ai1be ,alba ,flora #ag1bf ,malaga #ag1bf ,h]mitage 7,:ite7 #ag1dc ,r\ssillon #ai1jj ,ditto #ag1bj ,av]age #ah1ac ,cl>et #ag1aa ,ditto #af1cb ,ditto #ad1jh ,ditto #ab1ia ,av]age #ae1aj ,malmsey ,madeira #af1dj ,lunel #ae1eb ,%]aaz #ae1eb ,syracuse #ae1bh ,saut]ne #ad1bb ,burgundy #af1fj ,ditto #ae1bb ,ditto #ad1ec ,ditto #aa1ie ,av]age #ad1eg ,hock #ad1cg ,ditto #ac1jj ,ditto 7old 9 cask7 #h1fh ,av]age #ab1jh ,nice #ad1fb ,b>sac #ac1hf ,t5t #ac1cj ,*ampagne 7,/ill7 #ac1hj ,ditto 7,sp>kl+7 #ab1hj ,ditto 7,r$7 #ab1ef ,ditto 7ditto7 #aa1cj ,av]age #ab1fa ,r$ ,h]mitage #ab1cb ,v9 de ,grave #ac1id ,ditto #ab1hj ,av]age #ac1cg ,frontignac #ab1gi ,cote ,rotie #ab1cb ,gooseb]ry ,w9e #aa1hd ,currant ,w9e #bj1ee ,orange ,w9e av]4 #aa1bf ,tokay #i1hh ,eld] ,w9e #i1hg ,cyd] highe/ av]4 #i1hg ,ditto l[e/ ditto #e1ba ,p]ry av]age #g1bf ,mead #g1cb ,ale 7,burton7 #h1hh ,ditto 7,ed9burgh7 #f1bj ,ditto 7,dor*e/]7 #e1ej ,av]age #f1hg ,br[n ,/\t #f1hj ,london ,port] av]4 #d1bj ,d4 ,small ,be]1 d4 #a1bh ,br&y #ec1ci ,rum #ec1fh ,g9 #ea1fj ,scot* ,:iskey #ed1cb ,iri% ditto #ec1ii ,,con/itution ,,( ,,home-,,made ,,w9es4 ,besides grapes1 ! mo/ valuable ( ! articles ( :i* w9e is made1 !re are a consid]able numb] ( fruits f :i* a v9\s liquor is obta9$4 ,( su*1 we h 9 ?is c\ntry ! gooseb]ry1 ! currant1 ! eld]b]ry1 ! *]ry1 c4 :i* f]m5t well1 & af=ds :at are call$ home-made w9es4 ,!y diff] *iefly f =eign w9es 9 conta9+ a mu* l>g] quantity ( acid4 ,dr4 ,maccullo*#db has rem>k$ t ! acid 9 home-made w9es is pr9cipally ! malic acid2 :ile 9 grape w9es x is ! t>t>ic acid4 ,! great defici5cy 9 ^! w9es1 indep5d5t ( ! flav\r1 :i* *iefly orig9ates1 n f ! juice1 b f ! se$s & husks ( ! fruits1 is ! excess ( acid1 :i* is b imp]fectly conceal$ by ! addition ( sug>4 ,?is is ow+1 *iefly1 z ,dr4 ,maccullo* rem>ks1 to ! t>t>ic acid exi/+ 9 ! grape juice 9 ! /ate ( sup]-t>trate ( pota%1 :i* is 9 "p decompos$ dur+ ! f]m5tation1 & ! re/ becomes gradually precipitat$2 :il/ ! malic acid exi/s 9 ! currant & gooseb]ry juice 9 ! =m ( malate ( pota%2 :i* salt does n appe> to suff] a decomposition dur+ ! f]m5tation ( ! w9e2 &1 by its great] solubility1 is reta9$ 9 ! w9e4 ,h5ce ,dr4 ,maccullo* recomm5ds ! addition ( sup]-t>trate ( pota%1 9 ! manufacture ( ,briti% w9es4 ,!y also conta9 a mu* l>g] proportion ( mucilage ?an w9es made f grapes4 ,! juice ( ! gooseb]ry conta9s "s portion ( t>t>ic acid2 h5ce x is bett] suit$ = ! production ( :at is call$ ,engli% ,*ampagne1 ?an any o!r fruit ( ?is c\ntry4 ,,footnotes3 #bg ,dri$ bilb]ries are import$ f ,g]many1 "u ! fallaci\s "n ( b]ry-dye4 #bh ,! gypsum _h ! prop]ty ( cl>ify+ w9es1 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans put gypsum 9 _! new w9es1 /irr$ x (t5 r\nd1 !n let x /& = "s "t2 & :5 x _h settl$1 decant$ ! cle> liquor4 7,geopon1 lib4 vii4 p4 #dhc1 #did47 ,!y knew t ! w9e acquir$1 by ?is addition1 a c]ta9 %>pness1 :i* x aft]w>ds lo/2 b t ! good effects ( ! gypsum 7 la/+4 #bi ,sawdu/ = ?is purpose is *iefly suppli$ by ! %ip-build]s1 & =ms a regul> article ( comm]ce ( ! brew]s' druggi/s4 #cj ,tatl]1 vol4 viii4 p4 #aaj1 edit4 #agig4 #hvo4 #ca ,dr4 ,reece's ,gazette ( ,heal?1 ,no4 #g4 #cb ,supplem5t to ! ,ph>macopoeias1 p4 #bde4 #cc ,*emical ,essays1 vol4 viii4 p4 #cfi4 #cd ,m$ical ,trans4 vol4 ii4 p4 #hj4 #ce ,?is book1 :i* has run ?r\gh _m editions1 may be suppos$ to h done "s mis*ief4--,9 ! ,v9tn]'s ,guide1 #d? edit4 #aggj1 p4 #fg1 a lump ( sug> ( lead1 ( ! size ( a walnut1 & a table-spoonful ( sal enixum1 are direct$ to be add$ to a ti]ce 7=ty-two gallons7 ( muddy w9e1 to cure x ( its mudd9ess4 #cf ,beckman's ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions1 vol4 i4 p4 #cih4 #cg ,pl9y1 lib4 xiv4 cap4 #bj4 #ch ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 #ahai1 ,no4 #beg1 p4 #bbi4 #ci ,j\rn4 ,ph>m4 iv4 #ef 7,feb4 #ahah47 & ,?omson's ,annals1 ,sept4 #ahah1 p4 #bcb4 #dj ,( a ,specific ,gravity4 #hbe4 #da ,philosophical ,trans4 #ahaa1 p4 #cde2 #ahac1 p4 #hg2 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts1 ,no4 viii4 p4 #bij4 #db ,maccullo* on ,w9e4 ,?is is by f> ! be/ treatise publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry on ! ,manufacture ( ,home-made ,w9es4 ,adult]ation ( ,bread4 ,?is is "o ( ! sophi/ications ( ! articles ( food mo/ commonly practis$ 9 ?is metropolis1 :]e ! goodness ( bread is e/imat$ entirely by its :it5ess4 ,x is !re=e usual to add a c]ta9 quantity ( alum to ! d\gh2 ?is improves ! look ( ! bread v mu*1 & r5d]s x :it] & firm]4 ,good1 :ite1 & por\s bread1 may c]ta9ly be manufactur$ f good :eat5 fl\r alone2 b to produce ! degree ( :it5ess r5d]$ indisp5sable by ! caprice ( ! consum]s 9 ,london1 x is necess>y 7unless ! v be/ fl\r is employ$17 t ! d\gh %\ld be blea*$2 & no sub/ance has hi!rto be5 f\nd to answ] ?is purpose bett] ?an alum4 ,)\t ?is salt x is impossible to make bread1 f ! k9d ( fl\r usually employ$ by ! ,london bak]s1 s :ite1 z t :i* is commonly sold 9 ! metropolis4 ,if ! alum be omitt$1 ! bread has a slight yell[i% grey hue--z may be se5 9 ! in/ance ( :at is call$ home-made bread1 ( private families4 ,su* bread rema9s long] moi/ ?an bread made ) alum2 yet x is n s light1 & full ( eyes1 or por\s1 & x has also a diff]5t ta/e4 ,! quantity ( alum requisite to produce ! requir$ :it5ess & porosity dep5ds entirely ^u ! g5u95ess ( ! fl\r1 & ! quality ( ! gra9 f :i* ! fl\r is obta9$4 ,! mealman makes diff]5t sorts ( fl\r f ! same k9d ( gra94 ,! be/ fl\r is mo/ly us$ by ! biscuit bak]s & pa/ry cooks1 & ! inf]ior sorts 9 ! mak+ ( bread4 ,! bak]s' fl\r is v (t5 made ( ! wor/ k9ds ( damag$ =eign :eat1 & o!r c]eal gra9s mix$ ) !m 9 gr9d+ ! :eat into fl\r4 ,9 ?is capital1 no few] ?an six di/9ct k9ds ( :eat5 fl\r are br\ght into m>ket4 ,!y are call$ f9e fl\r1 seconds1 middl+s1 f9e middl+s1 co>se middl+s1 & tw5ty-p5ny fl\r4 ,common g>d5 beans1 & pease1 are also frequ5tly gr\nd up among ! ,london bread fl\r4 ,i h be5 assur$ by sev]al bak]s1 on ^: te/imony ,i c rely1 t ! small pr(it atta*$ to ! bak]s' trade1 & ! bad quality ( ! fl\r1 induces ! g5]ality ( ! ,london bak]s to use alum 9 ! mak+ ( _! bread4 ,! smalle/ quantity ( alum t c be employ$ ) effect to produce a :ite1 light1 & por\s bread1 f an inf]ior k9d ( fl\r1 ,i h my own bak]'s au?ority to /ate1 is f ?ree to f\r ounces to a sack ( fl\r1 weigh+ #bdj p\nds4 ,! alum is ei!r mix$ well 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 ) a quantity ( fl\r previ\sly made into a liquid pa/e ) wat]1 & !n incorporat$ ) ! d\gh2 or ! alum is dissolv$ 9 ! wat] employ$ = mix+ up ! :ole quantity ( ! fl\r = mak+ ! d\gh4 ,let u suppose t ! bak] int5ds to conv]t five bu%els1 or a sack ( fl\r1 into loaves ) ! lea/ adult]ation practis$4 ,he p\rs ! fl\r into ! knead+ tr\gh1 & sifts x ?r\gh a f9e wire sieve1 :i* makes x lie v light1 & s]ves to sep>ate any impurities ) :i* ! fl\r may be mix$4 ,two ounces ( alum are !n dissolv$ 9 ab\t a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 & ! solution p\r$ into ! season+-tub4 ,f\r or five p\nds ( salt are likewise put into ! tub1 & a pailful ( hot-wat]4 ,:5 ?is mixture has cool$ d[n to ! temp]ature ( ab\t #hd1 ?ree or f\r p9ts ( yea/ are add$2 ! :ole is mix$1 /ra9$ ?r\gh ! season+ sieve1 empti$ into a hole 9 ! fl\r1 & mix$ up ) ! requisite portion ( x to ! consi/5ce ( a ?ick batt]4 ,"s dry fl\r is !n spr9kl$ ov] ! top1 & x is cov]$ up ) clo?s4 ,9 ?is situation x is left ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,x gradually swells & breaks ?r\gh ! dry fl\r scatt]$ on its surface4 ,an additional quantity ( w>m wat]1 9 :i* "o ounce ( alum is dissolv$1 is n[ add$1 & ! d\gh is made up into a pa/e z be=e2 ! :ole is !n cov]$ up4 ,9 ?is situation x is left = a few h\rs4 ,! :ole is !n intimately knead$ ) m wat] = upw>ds ( an h\r4 ,! d\gh is cut into pieces ) a knife1 & p5n$ to "o side ( ! tr\gh2 "s dry fl\r is spr9kl$ ov] x1 & x is left 9 ?is /ate = ab\t f\r h\rs4 ,x is !n knead$ aga9 = half-an-h\r4 ,! d\gh is n[ cut into pieces & weigh$1 9 ord] to furni% ! requisite quantity = ea* loaf4 ,! loaves are left 9 ! ov5 ab\t two h\rs & a half4 ,:5 tak5 out1 !y are c>efully cov]$ up1 to prev5t z mu* z possible ! loss ( weight4#dc ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( mak+ a sack1 ( five bu%els ( fl\r into bread1 is tak5 f ,dr4 ,p4 ,m>kham's ,consid]ations on ! ,+r$i5ts us$ 9 ! ,adult]ation ( ,bread ,fl\r1 & ,bread1 p4 #ba3 #e bu%els ( fl\r1 #h ounces ( alum1#dd #d lbs4 ( salt1 #a_/b a gallon ( yea/1 mix$ ) ab\t #c gallons ( wat]4 99 99 99 99 99 lbs4 ,! :ole quantity ( bread-fl\r obta9$ f ! bu%el ( :eat1 weighs #dh lbs4 ,f9e poll>d #d-a_/d ,co>se poll>d #d ,bran #b-c_/d ------ #aa -- ,! :ole toge!r #ei ,to :i* add ! loss ( weight 9 manufactur+ a bu%el ( :eat #b -- ,produces ! orig9al weight #fa -- ,! !ory ( ! blea*+ prop]ty ( alum1 z manife/$ 9 ! panification ( an inf]ior k9d ( fl\r1 is by no means well und]/ood2 & inde$ x is really surpris+ t ! effect %\ld be produc$ by s small a quantity ( t sub/ance1 two or ?ree ounces ( alum be+ suffici5t = a sack ( fl\r4 ,f exp]im5ts 9 :i* ,i h be5 employ$1 ) ! assi/ance ( skilful bak]s1 ,i am au?oris$ to /ate1 t )\t ! addition ( alum1 x does n appe> possible to make :ite1 light1 & por\s bread1 su* z is us$ 9 ?is metropolis1 unless ! fl\r be ( ! v be/ quality4 ,ano!r sub/ance employ$ by fraudul5t bak]s1 is subc>bonate ( ammonia4 ,) ?is salt1 !y realise ! important consid]ation ( produc+ light & por\s bread1 f spoil$1 or :at is te*nically call$ s\r fl\r4 ,?is salt :i* becomes :olly conv]t$ into a gase\s /ate dur+ ! op]ation ( bak+1 causes ! d\gh to swell up into air bubbles1 :i* c>ry be=e !m ! /iff d\gh1 & ?us x r5d]s ! d\gh por\s2 ! salt itself is1 at ! same "t1 totally volatilis$ dur+ ! op]ation ( bak+4 ,?us n a ve/ige ( c>bonate ( ammonia rema9s 9 ! bread4 ,?is salt is also l>gely employ$ by ! biscuit & g+]-bread bak]s4 ,potatoes are likewise l>gely1 & p]haps con/antly1 us$ by fraudul5t bak]s1 z a *eap +r$i5t1 to enhance _! pr(it4 ,! potatoes be+ boil$1 are triturat$1 pass$ ?r\gh a sieve1 & incorporat$ ) ! d\gh by knead+4 ,?is adult]ation does n mat]ially injure ! bread4 ,! bak]s ass]t1 t ! bad quality ( ! fl\r r5d]s ! addition ( potatoes advantage\s z well to ! bak] z to ! pur*as]1 & t )\t ?is admixture 9 ! manufacture ( bread1 x w\ld be impossible to c>ry on ! trade ( a bak]4 ,b ! grievance is1 t ! same price is tak5 = a potatoe loaf1 z = a loaf ( g5u9e bread1 ?\gh x mu/ co/ ! bak] less4 ,i h witness1 t five bu%els ( fl\r1 ?ree ounces ( alum1 six p\nds ( salt1 "o bu%el ( potatoes boil$ into a /iff pa/e1 & ?ree qu>ts ( yea/1 ) ! requisite quantity ( wat]1 produce a :ite1 light1 & highly palatable bread4 ,su* are ! artifices practis$ 9 ! prep>ation ( bread1#de & x mu/ be all[$1 on contra/+ !m ) ^? sophi/ications practis$ by manufactur]s ( o!r articles ( food1 t !y are comp>atively unimportant4 ,h[ev]1 "s m$ical m5 h no hesitation 9 attribut+ _m diseases incid5tal to *ildr5 to ! use ( eat+ adult]at$ bread2 o!rs aga9 w n admit ^! allegations3 !y p]suade !mselves t ! small quantity ( alum add$ to ! bread 7p]haps ^u an av]age1 f eight to t5 gra9s to a qu>t]n loaf17 is absolutely h>mless4 ,dr4 ,edmund ,davy1 ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry1 at ! ,cork ,in/itution1 has communicat$ ! foll[+ important facts to ! public conc]n+ ! manufacture ( bread4 ,! c>bonate ( magnesia ( ! %ops1 :5 well mix$ ) fl\r1 9 ! proportion ( f tw5ty to =ty gra9s to a p\nd ( fl\r1 mat]ially improves x = ! purpose ( mak+ bread4 ,loaves made ) ! addition ( c>bonate ( magnesia1 rise well 9 ! ov52 & aft] be+ bak$1 ! bread is light & spongy1 has a good ta/e1 & keeps well4 ,9 cases :5 ! new fl\r is ( an indiff]5t quality1 f tw5ty to ?irty gra9s ( c>bonate ( magnesia to a p\nd ( ! fl\r w consid]ably improve ! bread4 ,:5 ! fl\r is ( ! wor/ quality1 =ty gra9s to a p\nd ( fl\r seem necess>y to produce ! same effect4 ,z ! improvem5t 9 ! bread f new fl\r dep5ds ^u ! c>bonate ( magnesia1 x is necess>y t c>e %\ld be tak5 to mix x intimately ) ! fl\r1 previ\s to ! mak+ ( ! d\gh4 ,mr4 ,davy made a great numb] ( comp>ative exp]im5ts ) o!r sub/ances1 mix$ 9 diff]5t proportions ) new bread fl\r4 ,! fix$ alkalies1 bo? 9 _! pure & c>bonat$ /ate1 :5 us$ 9 small quantity1 to a c]ta9 ext5t 7 f\nd to improve ! bread made f new fl\r2 b no sub/ance 0 s efficaci\s 9 ?is respect z c>bonate ( magnesia4 ,! great] numb] ( 8 exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ on ! wor/ new seconds fl\r ,mr4 ,davy c\ld procure4 ,he also made "s trials on seconds & fir/s ( diff]5t quality4 ,9 "s cases ! results 7 m /rik+ & satisfactory ?an 9 o!rs2 b 9 e in/ance ! improvem5t ( ! bread1 by c>bonate ( magnesia1 0 obvi\s4 ,mr4 ,davy obs]ves1 t a p\nd ( c>bonate ( magnesia w\ld be suffici5t to mix ) two hundr$ & fifty-six p\nds ( new fl\r1 or at ! rate ( ?irty gra9s to ! p\nd4 ,& suppos+ a p\nd ( c>bonate ( magnesia to co/ half-a-cr[n1 ! additional exp5se w\ld be only half a f>?+ 9 ! p\nd ( fl\r4 ,mr4 ,davy conceives t n ! slighte/ dang] c be appreh5d$ f ! use ( su* an innoc5t sub/ance1 z ! c>bonate ( magnesia1 9 su* small proportion z is necess>y to improve bread f new fl\r4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,,alum ,,9 ,,bread4 ,p\r ^u two ounces ( ! suspect$ bread1 half a p9t ( boil+ di/ill$ wat]2 boil ! mixture = a few m9utes1 & filt] x ?r\gh unsiz$ pap]4 ,evaporate ! fluid1 to ab\t "o f\r? ( its orig9al bulk1 & let gradually fall into ! cle> fluid a solution ( muriate ( b>ytes4 ,if a copi\s :ite precipitate ensues1 :i* does n disappe> by ! addition ( pure nitric acid1 ! pres5ce ( alum may be suspect$4 ,bread1 made )\t alum1 produces1 :5 assay$ 9 ?is mann]1 m]ely a v slight precipitate1 :i* orig9ates f a m9ute portion ( sulphate ( magnesia conta9$ 9 all common salt ( comm]ce2 & bread made ) salt fre$ f sulphate ( magnesia1 produces an infusion ) wat]1 :i* does n become di/urb$ by ! b>ytic te/4 ,o!r means ( detect+ all ! con/itu5t p>ts ( alum1 namely1 ! alum9e1 sulphuric acid1 & pota%1 s z to r5d] ! pres5ce ( ! alum unequivocal1 w readily sugge/ itself to ^? :o are famili> ) analytical *emi/ry2 namely3 "o ( ! readie/ means is1 to decompose ! vegetable matt] ( ! bread1 by ! action ( *lorate ( pota%1 9 a plat9a crucible1 at a r$ heat1 & !n to assay ! residu>y mass--by means ( muriate ( b>ytes1 = sulphuric acid2 by ammonia1 = alum9e2 & by muriate ( plat9a1 = pota%#df4 ,! above me?od ( detect+ ! pres5ce ( alum1 mu/ !re=e be tak5 ) "s limitation4 ,!re is no unequivocal te/ = detect+ 9 a ready mann] ! pres5ce ( alum 9 bread1 on acc\nt ( ! impurity ( ! common salt us$ 9 ! mak+ ( bread4 ,if we c\ld1 9 ! ord9>y way ( bread mak+1 employ common salt1 absolutely free f =eign sal9e sub/ances1 ! mode ( detect+ ! pres5ce ( alum1 or at lea/ "o ( its con/itu5t p>ts1 namely1 ! sulphuric acid1 w\ld be v easy4 ,"s conjecture may1 nev]!less1 be =m$ ( ! pres5ce1 or abs5ce1 ( alum1 by assay+ ! infusion ( bread 9 ! mann] /at$1 p4 #aji1 & comp>+ ! assay ) ! results af=d$ by an infusion ( home-made or h\sehold bread1 kn[n to be g5u9e1 & actually assay$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,,easy ,,me?od ,,( ,,judg+ ,,( ,,! ,,goodness ,,( ,,bread ,,corn1 ,,& ,,bread-,,fl\r4 ,mill]s judge ( ! goodness ( bread corn by ! quantity ( bran :i* ! gra9 produces4 ,su* gra9s z are full & plump1 t h a bright & %9+ appe>ance1 )\t any %rivell+ & %r9k+ 9 ! cov]+ ( ! sk91 are ! be/2 = wr9kl$ gra9s h a great] quantity ( sk91 or bran1 ?an su* z are s\nd or plump4 ,pa/ry-cooks & bak]s judge ( ! goodness ( fl\r 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x comports itself 9 knead+4 ,! be/ k9d ( :eat5 fl\r assumes1 at ! in/ant x is =m$ into pa/e by ! addition ( wat]1 a v gluey1 ductile1 & ela/ic pa/e1 easy to be knead$1 & :i* may be elongat$1 flatt5$1 & drawn 9 e direction1 )\t break+4 ,= ! foll[+ fact we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,hat*et4 ,gra9 :i* has be5 heat$ or burnt 9 ! /ack1 may 9 ! foll[+ mann] be r5d]$ fit = be+ made into bread3 ,! :eat mu/ be put into a vessel capable ( hold+ at lea/ ?ree times ! quantity1 & ! vessel fill$ ) boil+ wat]2 ! gra9 %\ld !n be occasionally /irr$1 & ! holl[ decay$ gra9s1 :i* float1 may be remov$4 ,:5 ! wat] has become cold1 or 9 ab\t half an h\r1 x is drawn (f4 ,!n r9ce ! corn ) cold wat]1 &1 hav+ completely dra9$ x1 spread x ?9ly on ! floor ( a kiln1 & ?us ?or\ghly dry x1 /irr+ & turn+ x frequ5tly dur+ ?is "p ( ! process4#dg ,,footnotes3 #dc ,! sack ( m>ketable fl\r is by law oblig$ to weigh #bdj p\nds1 :i* is ! produce ( five bu%els ( :eat1 & is ^u an av]age suppos$ to make eighty qu>t]n loaves ( bread2 & consequ5tly sixte5 ( su* loaves are made f ea* bu%el ( good :eat4 ,x is admitt$1 h[ev]1 t two or ?ree loaves m ?an ! above quantity c be made f ! sack ( fl\r1 :5 x is ! g5u9e produce ( good :eat2 t is1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t sixte5 & a half loaves f ea* bu%el ( s\nd gra91 &1 x may be presum$1 sixte5 f a bu%el ( m$ium corn4 ,! exp5se1 9 ,london1 ( mak+ ! sack ( fl\r into bread1 & dispos+ ( x1 is ab\t n9e %ill+s4 ,a bu%el ( :eat1 ^u an av]age1 weighs sixty-"o p\nds2 :5 gr\nd1 ! meal weighs #fj-c_/d lbs42 :i*1 on be+ dress$1 produces #df-c_/d lbs4 ( fl\r1 ( ! sort call$ seconds2 :i* alone is us$ = ! mak+ ( bread 9 ,london & ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ?is c\ntry2 & ( poll>d & bran #ab-c_/d lbs41 :i* quantity1 :5 bolt$1 produces #c lbs4 ( f9e fl\r1 ?is1 :5 sift$1 produces 9 good second fl\r #a-a_/d lb4 #dd ,:il/ correct+ ?is %eet = ! press1 ! pr9t] transmits to me ! foll[+ l9es3 ,on ,saturday la/1 ,george ,wood1 a bak]1 0 convict$ be=e ,t4 ,evance1 ,esq4 ,union ,hall1 ( hav+ 9 8 possession a quantity ( alum = ! adult]ation ( bread1 & f9$ 9 ! p5alty ( #el4 & co/s1 "u #ee ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #ii4--,! ,times1 ,oct4 #ahai4 #de ,!re are in/ances ( convictions on record1 ( bak]s hav+ us$ gypsum1 *alk1 & pipe clay1 9 ! manufacture ( bread4 #df ,see a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,use & ,application ( ,*emical ,te/s1 illu/rat$ by exp]im5ts1 #c;d edit4 p4 #bgj1 #bca1 #agg1 #aif4 #dg ,phil4 ,trans4 = #ahag1 "p i4 ,adult]ation ( ,be]4 ,malt liquors1 & p>ticul>ly port]1 ! fav\rite bev]age ( ! inhabitants ( ,london1 & ( o!r l>ge t[ns1 is among/ ^? articles1 9 ! manufacture ( :i* ! greate/ frauds are frequ5tly committ$4 ,! /atute prohibits ! brew] f us+ any +r$i5ts 9 8 brew+s1 except malt & hops2 b x too (t5 happ5s t ^? :o suppose !y are dr9k+ a nutriti\s bev]age1 made ( ^! +r$i5ts only1 are entirely deceiv$4 ,! bev]age may1 9 fact1 be nei!r m nor less ?an a comp\nd ( ! mo/ delet]i\s sub/ances2 & x is also cle> t all ranks ( society are alike expos$ to ! nef>i\s fraud4 ,! pro(s ( ?is /atem5t w be %ewn h]eaft]4#dh ,! au?or#di ( a ,practical ,treatise on ,brew+1 :i* has run ?r\gh elev5 editions1 aft] hav+ /at$ ! v>i\s +r$i5ts = brew+ port]1 obs]ves1 t h[ev] mu* !y may surprise1 h[ev] p]nici\s or disagreeable !y may appe>1 he has always f\nd !m requisite 9 ! brew+ ( port]1 & he ?9ks !y mu/ inv>iably be us$ by ^? :o wi% to cont9ue ! ta/e1 flav\r1 & appe>ance ( ! be]4#ej ,& ?\gh sev]al ,acts ( ,p>liam5t h be5 pass$ to prev5t port] brew]s f us+ _m ( !m1 yet ! au?or c affirm1 f exp]i5ce1 he c\ld nev] produce ! pres5t flav\r$ port] )\t !m4#ea ,! intoxicat+ qualities ( port] are to be ascrib$ to ! v>i\s drugs int]mix$ ) x4 ,x is evid5t "s port] is m heady ?an o!r1 & x arises f ! great] or less quantity ( /upify+ +r$i5ts4 ,malt1 to produce intoxication1 mu/ be us$ 9 su* l>ge quantities z w\ld v mu* dim9i%1 if n totally exclude1 ! brew]'s pr(it4 ,! practice ( adult]at+ be] appe>s to be ( e>ly date4 ,by an ,act s long ago z ,que5 ,anne1 ! brew]s are prohibit$ f mix+ cocculus indicus1 or any un:olesome +r$i5ts1 9 _! be]1 "u sev]e p5alties3 b few in/ances ( convictions "u ?is act are to be met ) 9 ! public records = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,to %ew t !y h augm5t$ 9 our own days1 we %all exhibit an ab/ract f docum5ts laid lately be=e ,p>liam5t4#eb ,^! w n only amply prove1 t un:olesome +r$i5ts are us$ by fraudul5t brew]s1 & t v delet]i\s sub/ances are also v5d$ bo? to brew]s & publicans = adult]at+ be]1 b t ! +r$i5ts mix$ up 9 ! brew]'s en*ant+ cauldron are plac$ above all competition1 ev5 ) ! pot5t *>ms ( ,macbe?'s wit*es3 ,root ( hemlock1 digg'd i' ! d>k1 ,= a *>m ( p['rful tr\ble1 ,l a hell-bro? boil & bubble2 ,d\ble1 d\ble1 toil & tr\ble1 ,fire burn1 & cauldron bubble4 ,! fraud ( imp>t+ to port] & ale an intoxicat+ quality by n>cotic sub/ances1 appe>s to h fl\ri%$ dur+ ! p]iod ( ! late ,fr5* w>2 =1 if we exam9e ! importation li/s ( drugs1 x w be notic$ t ! quantities ( cocculus indicus import$ 9 a giv5 "t prior to t p]iod1 w be> no comp>ison ) ! quantity import$ 9 ! same space ( "t dur+ ! w>1 al?\gh an additional duty 0 laid ^u ?is commodity4 ,su* has be5 ! am\nt br\ght into ?is c\ntry 9 five ye>s1 t x f> exce$s ! quantity import$ dur+ twelve ye>s ant]ior to ! above epo*4 ,! price ( ?is drug has ris5 )9 ^! t5 ye>s f two %ill+s to sev5 %ill+s ! p\nd4 ,x 0 at ! p]iod to :i* we h allud$1 t ! prep>ation ( an extract ( cocculus indicus fir/ appe>$1 z a new saleable commodity1 9 ! price-curr5ts ( brew]s'-druggi/s4 ,x 0 at ! same "t1 also1 t a ,mr4 ,jackson1 ( notori\s memory1 fell ^u ! idea ( brew+ be] f v>i\s drugs1 )\t any malt & hops4 ,?is *emi/ did n turn brew] himself2 b he /ruck out ! m pr(itable trade ( tea*+ 8 my/]y to ! brew]s = a h&some fee4 ,f t "t =w>ds1 writt5 directions1 & recipe-books = us+ ! *emical prep>ations to be sub/itut$ = malt & hops1 7 respectively sold2 & _m adepts soon aft]w>ds appe>$ e :]e1 to in/ruct brew]s 9 ! nef>i\s practice1 fir/ po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,jackson4 ,f t "t1 also1 ! frat]nity ( brew]s'-*emi/s took its rise4 ,!y made x _! *ief bus9ess to s5d travell]s all ov] ! c\ntry ) li/s & samples exhibit+ ! price & quality ( ! articles manufactur$ by !m = ! use ( brew]s only4 ,_! trade spread f> & wide1 b x 0 among/ ! c\ntry brew]s *iefly t !y f\nd ! mo/ cu/om]s2 & x is among/ !m1 up to ! pres5t day1 z ,i am assur$ by "s ( ^! op]ators1 on ^: v]acity ,i c rely1 t ! greate/ quantities ( unlawful +r$i5ts are sold4 ,! ,act ( ,p>liam5t#ec prohibits *emi/s1 groc]s1 & druggi/s1 f supply+ illegal +r$i5ts to brew]s "u a heavy p5alty1 z is obvi\s f ! foll[+ ab/ract ( ! ,act4 ,no druggi/1 v5d] (1 or deal] 9 drugs1 or *emi/1 or o!r p]son1 %all sell or deliv] to any lic5s$ brew]1 deal] 9 or retail] ( be]1 kn[+ him to be su*1 or %all sell or deliv] to any p]son on acc\nt ( or 9 tru/ = any su* brew]1 deal] or retail]1 any liquor call$ by ! "n ( or sold z col\r+1 f :atev] mat]ial ! same may be made1 or any mat]ial or prep>ation o!r ?an ungr\nd br[n malt = d>k5+ ! col\r ( worts or be]1 or any liquor or prep>ation made use ( = d>k5+ ! col\r ( worts or be]1 or any molasses1 honey1 vitriol1 quassia1 cocculus ,indian1 gra9s ( p>adise1 ,gu9ea pepp] or opium1 or any extract or prep>ation ( molasses1 or any article or prep>ation to be us$ 9 worts or be] = or z a sub/itute = malt or hops2 & if any druggi/ %all (f5d 9 any ( ^! p>ticul>s1 su* liquor prep>ation1 molasses1 c4 %all be =feit$1 & may be seiz$ by any (fic] ( excise1 & ! p]son s (f5d+ %all = ea* (f5ce =feit #ejjl4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( druggi/s & groc]s1 prosecut$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,excise1 & convict$ ( supply+ unlawful +r$i5ts to brew]s4 ,li/ ( ,druggi/s & ,groc]s1 prosecut$ & convict$ f #ahab to #ahai1 = supply+ illegal ,+r$i5ts to ,brew]s = adult]at+ ,be]4#ed ,john ,dunn & ano!r1 druggi/s1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to brew]s1 v]dict #ejjl4 ,george ,rugg & o!rs1 druggi/s1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to brew]s1 v]dict #ejjl4 ,john ,hodgk9son & o!rs1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to brew]s1 #ajjl4 & co/s4 ,william ,hiscocks & o!rs1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to a brew]1 #bjjl4 & co/s4 ,g4 ,hornby2 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to a brew]1 #bjjl4 ,w4 ,wilson1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to a brew]1 #bjjl4 ,george ,&rews1 groc]1 = sell+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts to a brew]1 #bel4 & co/s4 ,guy ,kn[les1 = sell+ sub/itute = hops1 co/s4 ,k]not & ,alsop1 = sell+ cocculus india1 c4 #bel4 ,joseph ,moss1 = sell+ v>i\s drugs1 #cjjl4 ,ph4 ,:itcombe1 ,john ,dunn1 & ,ar?ur ,wall]1 druggi/s1 = hav+ liquor = d>k5+ ! col\r ( be]1 hid & conceal$4 ,isaac ,hebb]d1 = hav+ liquor = d>k5+ ! col\r ( be]1 hid & conceal$4 ,ph4 ,:itcombe1 ,john ,dunn1 & ,ar?ur ,wall]1 druggi/s1 = mak+ liquor = d>k5+ ! col\r ( be]4 ,john ,"l1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bjl4 & co/s4 ,john ,smi? ,c>r1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bjl4 & co/s4 ,edw>d ,fox1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bel4 & co/s4 ,john ,coop]1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #djl4 & co/s4 ,joseph ,bick]+1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #djl4 & co/s4 ,john ,h[>d1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bel4 & co/s4 ,james ,reynolds1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 co/s4 ,?omas ,hammond1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bjl4 & co/s4 ,j4 ,mackway1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bjl4 ,t4 ,r5ton1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 co/s1 & tak+ out a lic5se4 ,r4 ,adamson1 groc]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 co/s1 & tak+ out a lic5se4 ,w4 ,weav]1 = sell+ ,spani% liquorice to a brew]1 #bjjl4 ,j4 ,moss1 = sell+ ,spani% liquorice to a brew]4 ,alex4 ,brad51 = sell+ liquorice1 #bjl4 ,j4 ,drap]1 = sell+ molasses to a brew]1 #bjl4 ,,port]4 ,! me?od ( brew+ port] has n be5 ! same at all times z x is at pres5t4 ,at fir/1 ! only ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! me?ods ( brew+ ?is liquor & t ( o!r k9ds ( be]1 01 t port] 0 brew$ f br[n malt only2 & ?is gave to x bo? ! col\r & flav\r requir$4 ,( late ye>s x has be5 brew$ f mixtures ( pale & br[n malt4 ,^!1 at "s e/abli%m5ts1 are ma%$ sep>ately1 & ! worts f ea* are aft]w>ds mix$ toge!r4 ,! proportion ( pale & br[n malt1 us$ = brew+ port]1 v>ies 9 diff]5t brew]ies2 "s employ ne>ly two p>ts ( pale malt & "o "p ( br[n malt2 b ea* brew] appe>s to h 8 own proportion2 :i* ! intellig5t manufactur] v>ies1 accord+ to ! nature & qualities ( ! malt4 ,?ree p\nds ( hops are1 ^u an av]age1 all[$ to e b>rel1 7?irty-six gallons7 ( port]4 ,:5 ! price ( malt1 on acc\nt ( ! great increase 9 ! price ( b>ley dur+ ! late w>1 0 v high1 ! ,london brew]s discov]$ t a l>g] quantity ( wort ( a giv5 /r5g? c\ld be obta9$ f pale malt ?an f br[n malt4 ,!y !re=e increas$ ! quantity ( ! =m] & dim9i%$ t ( ! latt]4 ,?is produc$ be] ( a pal] col\r1 & ( a less bitt] flav\r4 ,to rem$y ^! disadvantages1 !y inv5t$ an artificial col\r+ sub/ance1 prep>$ by boil+ br[n sug> till x acquir$ a v d>k br[n col\r2 a solution ( :i* 0 employ$ to d>k5 ! col\r ( ! be]4 ,"s brew]s made use ( ! infusion ( malt in/ead ( sug> col\r+4 ,to imp>t to ! be] a bitt] ta/e1 ! fraudul5t brew] employ$ quassia wood & wormwood z a sub/itute = hops4 ,b z ! col\r+ ( be] by means ( sug> became 9 _m in/ances a pretext = us+ illegal +r$i5ts1 ! ,legislature1 appreh5sive f ! mis*ief t might1 & actually did1 result f x1 pass$ an ,act prohibit+ ! use ( burnt sug>1 9 ,july #ahag2 & no?+ b malt & hops is n[ all[$ to ent] into ! composition ( be]3 ev5 ! use ( is+lass = cl>ify+ be]1 is contr>y to law4 ,no soon] _h ! be]-col\r+ ,act be5 repeal$1 ?an o!r p]sons obta9$ a pat5t = effect+ ! purpose ( imp>t+ an artificial col\r to port]1 by means ( br[n malt1 specifically prep>$ = t purpose only4 ,! be]1 col\r$ by ! new me?od1 is m liable to become spoil$1 ?an :5 col\r$ by ! process =m]ly practis$4 ,! col\r+ malt does n conta9 any consid]able portion ( sac*>9e matt]4 ,! gra9 is by m]e torrefaction conv]t$ into a gum-l sub/ance1 :olly soluble 9 wat]1 :i* r5d]s ! be] m liable to pass into ! acet\s f]m5tation ?an ! common br[n malt is capable ( do+2 because ! latt]1 if prep>$ f good b>ley1 conta9s a portion ( sac*>9e matt]1 ( :i* ! pat5t malt is de/itute4 ,b z br[n malt is g5]ally prep>$ f ! wor/ k9d ( b>ley1 & z ! pat5t malt c only be made f good gra91 x may become1 on t acc\nt1 an useful article to ! brew] 7at lea/1 x gives col\r & body to ! be]27 b x _c mat]ially economise ! quantity ( malt necess>y to produce good port]4 ,"s brew]s ( em95ce 9 ?is t[n h assur$ me1 t ! use ( ?is mode ( col\r+ be] is :olly unnecess>y2 & t port] ( ! requisite col\r may be brew$ bett] )\t x2 h5ce ?is k9d ( malt is n us$ 9 _! e/abli%m5ts4 ,! quantity ( gum-l matt] :i* x conta9s1 gives too mu* f]m5t to ! be]1 & r5d]s x liable to spoil4 ,repeat$ exp]im5ts1 made on a l>ge scale1 h settl$ ?is fact4 ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,specific ,,diff]5ces ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,port]4 ,! /r5g? ( all k9ds ( be]1 l t ( w9e1 dep5ds on ! quantity ( _s conta9$ 9 a giv5 bulk ( ! liquor4 ,! read] ne$ sc>cely be told1 t ( no article !re are m v>ieties ?an ( port]4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 arises f ! diff]5t mode ( manufactur+ ! be]1 al?\gh ! +r$i5ts are ! same4 ,?is diff]5ce is m /rik+ 9 ! port] manufactur$ among c\ntry brew]s1 ?an x is 9 ! be] brew$ by ! em95t ,london port] brew]s4 ,! totality ( ! ,london port] exhibits b v slight diff]5ces1 bo? ) respect to /r5g? or quantity ( _s1 & solid extractive matt]1 conta9$ 9 a giv5 bulk ( x4 ,! _s may be /at$1 ^u an av]age1 to be #d1ej p] c5t4 9 port] retail$ at ! publicans2 ! solid matt]1 is f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-?ree p\nds p] b>rel ( ?irty-six gallons4 ,! c\ntry-brew$ port] is seldom well f]m5t$1 & seldom conta9s s l>ge a quantity ( _s2 x usually ab\nds 9 mucilage2 h5ce x becomes turbid :5 mix$ ) alcohol4 ,su* be] _c keep1 )\t becom+ s\r4 ,x has be5 matt] ( frequ5t compla9t1 t ,,all ! port] n[ brew$1 is n :at port] 0 =m]ly4 ,?is idea may be true ) "s exceptions4 ,my pr(essional occupations h1 dur+ ^! tw5ty-eight ye>s1 repeat$ly oblig$ me to exam9e ! /r5g? ( ,london port]1 brew$ by diff]5t brew]s2 &1 f ! m9utes made on t subject1 ,i am au?oris$ to /ate1 t ! port] n[ brew$ by ! em95t ,london brew]s1 is unque/ionably /rong] ?an t :i* 0 brew$ at diff]5t p]iods dur+ ! late ,fr5* w>4 ,samples ( br[n /\t ) :i* ,i h be5 oblig+ly fav\r$1 :il/ writ+ ?is ,treatise1 by ,messrs4 ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s1 & ,co4--,messrs4 ,truman1 ,hanbury1 & ,co4--,messrs4 ,h5ry ,meux & ,co4--& o!r em95t brew]s ( ?is capital--af=d$1 ^u an av]age1 #g1be p] c5t4 ( alcohol1 ( #j1hcc specific gravity2 & port]1 f ! same h\ses1 yield$ ^u an av]age #e1be p] c5t4 ( alcohol1 ( ! same specific gravity2#ee ?is be] receiv$ f ! brew]s 0 tak5 f ! same /ore f :i* ! publicans are suppli$4 ,x is nev]!less s+ul> to obs]ve1 t f fifte5 samples ( be] ( ! same d5om9ations1 procur$ f diff]5t retail]s1 ! proportions ( _s fell consid]ably %ort ( ! above quantities4 ,samples ( br[n /\t1 procur$ f ! retail]s1 af=d$1 ^u an av]age1 #f1ej p] c5t4 ( alcohol2 & ! av]age /r5g? ( ! port] 0 #d1ej p] c5t4 ,:5ce c ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! be] furni%$ by ! brew]1 & t retail$ by ! publican1 arise8 ,we %all n be at a loss to answ] ?is "q1 :5 we f9d t s _m retail]s ( port] h be5 prosecut$ & convict$ = mix+ table be] ) _! /rong be]2 ?is is prohibit$ by law1 z becomes obvi\s by ! foll[+ words ( ! ,act4#ef ,if any common or o!r brew]1 innkeep]1 victuall]1 or retail] ( be] or ale1 %all mix or suff] to be mix$ any /rong be]1 ale1 or worts1 ) table be]1 worts1 or wat]1 9 any tub or measure1 he %all =feit #ejl4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 /rong & table be]1 is ?us settl$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,all be] or ale#eg above ! price ( eighte5 %ill+s p] b>rel1 exclusive ( ale duties n[ payable 7viz4 t5 %ill+s p] b>rel17 or t may be h]eaft] payable 9 respect !re(1 %all be deem$ /rong be] or ale2 & all be] ( ! price ( eighte5 %ill+s ! b>rel or "u1 exclusive ( ! duty payable 7viz4 two %ill+s p] b>rel7 9 respect !re(1 %all be deem$ table be] )9 ! mean+ ( ?is & all o!r ,acts n[ 9 =ce1 or t may h]eaft] be pass$ 9 relation to be] or ale or any duties !reon4 ,li/ ( ,publicans prosecut$ & convict$ f #ahae to #ahah1 = adult]at+ ,be] ) illegal ,+r$i5ts1 & = mix+ ,table ,be] ) _! ,/rong ,be]4#eh ,william ,att]bury1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #djl4 ,ri*>d ,dean1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #ejl4 ,john ,jay1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #ejl4 ,james ,atk9son1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #bjl4 ,samuel ,langwor?1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #ejl4 ,hannah ,sp5c]1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #aejl4 ---- ,hoeg1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #el4 ,ri*>d ,craddock1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #ajjl4 ,james ,h>ris1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = receiv+ /ale be]1 & mix+ x ) /rong be]1 #dbl4 & co/s4 ,?omas ,scoons1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /ale be] ) /rong be]1 v]dict #bjjl4 ,diones ,ge] & ano!r1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #djjl4 ,*>les ,coleman1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #cel4 & co/s4 ,william ,orr1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #ejl4 ,john ,g>d9]1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #ajjl4 ,john ,morris1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #bjl4 ,john ,h>bur1 = us+ salt ( /eel1 salt1 molasses1 c4 & = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #ejl4 ,john ,corrie1 = mix+ /rong be] ) table be]4 ,john ,cape1 = mix+ /rong be] ) table be]4 ,joseph ,gudge1 = mix+ /rong be] ) small be]4 ,,illegal ,,sub/ances ,,us$ ,,= ,,adult]at+ ,,be]4 ,we h /at$ already 7p4 #aac7 t no?+ is all[$ by law to ent] into ! composition ( be]1 b malt & hops4 ,! sub/ances us$ by fraudul5t brew]s = adult]at+ be]1 are *iefly ! foll[+3 ,quassia1 :i* gives to be] a bitt] ta/e1 is sub/itut$ = hops2 b hops possesses a m agreeable aromatic flav\r1 & !re is also reason to believe t !y r5d] be] less liable to spoil by keep+2 a prop]ty :i* does n belong to quassia4 ,x requires b little discrim9ation to di/+ui% v cle>ly ! peculi> bitt]ness ( quassia 9 adult]at$ port]4 ,va/ quantities ( ! %av+s ( ?is wood are sold 9 a half-torrefi$ & gr\nd /ate to disguise its obvi\s "*1 & to prev5t its be+ recognis$ among ! wa/e mat]ials ( ! brew]s4 ,wormwood#ei has likewise be5 us$ by fraudul5t brew]s4 ,! adult]at+ ( hops is prohibit$ by ! ,legislature4#fj ,if any p]son %all put any drug or +r$i5t :atev] into hops to alt] ! col\r or sc5t !re(1 e p]son s (f5d+1 convict$ by ! oa? ( "o witness be=e "o ju/ice ( peace = ! c\nty or place :]e ! (f5ce 0 committ$1 %all =feit #el4 = e hundr$ weight4 ,be] r5d]$ bitt] by quassia nev] keeps well1 unless x be kept 9 a place possess+ a temp]ature consid]ably l[] ?an ! temp]ature ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e2 & ?is is n well practicable 9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts4 ,! use ( boil+ ! wort ( be] ) hops1 is p>tly to communicate a peculi> aromatic flav\r :i* ! hop conta9s1 p>tly to cov] ! sweetness ( undecompos$ sac*>9e matt]1 & also to sep>ate1 by virtue ( ! gallic acid & tann9 x conta9s1 a portion ( a peculi> vegetable mucilage some:at resembl+ glut51 :i* is /ill diffus$ ?r\gh ! be]4 ,! comp\nd ?us produc$1 sep>ates 9 small flakes l ^? ( curdl$ soap2 & by ^! means ! be] is r5d]$ less liable to spoil4 ,= no?+ contributes m to ! conv]sion ( be]1 or any o!r v9\s fluid1 into v9eg>1 ?an mucilage4 ,h5ce1 also1 all full-bodi$ & clammy ales1 ab\nd+ 9 mucilage1 & :i* are g5]ally ill f]m5t$1 d n keep z p]fect ale ought to d4 ,quassia is1 !re=e1 unfit z a sub/itute = hops2 & ev5 ,engli% hops are pref]able to ^? import$ f ! ,cont95t2 = nitrate ( silv] & acetate ( lead produce a m abundant precipitate f an infusion ( ,engli% hops1 ?an c be obta9$ f a l infusion by ! same ag5ts f =eign hops4 ,"o ( ! qualities ( good port]1 is1 t x %\ld be> a f9e fro?y head1 z x is te*nically t]m$3 because pr(ess$ judges ( ?is bev]age1 w\ld n pron\nce ! liquor excell5t1 al?\gh x possess$ all o!r good qualities ( port]1 )\t ?is requisite4 ,to imp>t to port] ?is prop]ty ( fro?+ :5 p\r$ f "o vessel into ano!r1 or to produce :at is also t]m$ a caulifl[] head1 ! mixture call$ be]-head+1 compos$ ( common gre5 vitriol 7sulphate ( iron17 alum1 & salt1 is add$4 ,?is addition to ! be] is g5]ally made by ! publicans4#fa ,x is unnecess>y to g5u9e be]1 :i* ( itself possesses ! prop]ty ( be>+ a /rong :ite fro?1 )\t ^! additions2 & x is only 9 consequ5ce ( table be] be+ mix$ ) /rong be]1 t ! fro?+ prop]ty ( ! port] is lo/4 ,f exp]im5ts ,i h tri$ on ?is subject1 ,i h reason to believe t ! sulphate ( iron1 add$ = t purpose1 does n possess ! p[] ascrib$ to x4 ,b ! publicans frequ5tly1 :5 !y f9e a butt ( be]1 by means ( is+lass1 adult]ate ! port] at ! same "t ) table be]1 toge!r ) a quantity ( molasses & a small portion ( extract ( g5tian root1 to keep up ! peculi> flav\r ( ! port]2 & x is to ! molasses *iefly1 :i* gives a spissitude to ! be]1 t ! fro?+ prop]ty mu/ be ascrib$2 =1 )\t x1 ! sulphate ( iron does n produce ! prop]ty ( fro?+ 9 dilut$ be]4 ,capsicum & gra9s ( p>adise1 two highly acrid sub/ances1 are employ$ to give a pung5t ta/e to weak insipid be]4 ,( late1 a conc5trat$ t9cture ( ^! articles1 to be us$ = a simil> purpose1 & possess+ a p[]ful effect1 has appe>$ 9 ! price-curr5ts ( brew]s' druggi/s4 ,g+] root1 cori&] se$1 & orange peels1 are employ$ z flav\r+ sub/ances *iefly by ! ale brew]s4 ,f ^! /atem5ts1 & ! seizures t h be5 made ( illegal +r$i5ts at v>i\s brew]ies1 x is obvi\s t ! adult]ations ( be] are n imag9>y4 ,x w be notic$1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ! sophi/ications are comp>atively h>mless1 :il/ o!rs are effect$ by sub/ances delet]i\s to heal?4 ,! foll[+ li/ exhibits "s ( ! unlawful sub/ances seiz$ at diff]5t brew]ies & at *emical laboratories4 ,li/ ( ,illegal ,+r$i5ts1 seiz$ f #ahab to #ahah1 at v>i\s ,brew]ies & ,brew]s' ,druggi/s4#fb #ahab1 ,july4 ,josiah ,nibbs1 at ,toot+1 ,surrey4 ,multum #hd lbs4 ,cocculus indicus #ab ,col\r+ #d galls4 ,honey ab\t #ahj lbs4 ,h>t%orn ,%av+s #ad ,spani% ,juice #df ,orange ,p[d] #ag ,g+] #ef ,p5alty #cjjl4 #ahac1 ,june #ac4 ,s>ah ,willis1 at ,we/ ,ham1 ,essex4 ,cocculus indicus #a lb4 ,spani% ,juice #ab ,h>t%orn ,%av+s #f ,orange ,p[d] #a ,p5alty #bjjl4 ,augu/ #c4 ,crat*]ode ,:iff+1 ,limeh\se4 ,gra9s ( ,p>adise #dd lbs4 ,quassia #aj ,liquorice #fd ,g+] #hj ,c>away ,se$s #dj ,orange ,p[d] #ad ,copp]as #d ,p5alty #bjjl4 ,nov4 #be4 ,elizabe? ,hasl]1 at ,/rat=d4 ,cocculus indicus #ab lbs4 ,multum #bf ,gra9s ( ,p>adise #ab ,spani% ,juice #cj ,orange ,p[d] #c ,p5alty #bjjl4 ,dec4 #ad4 ,john ,abbott1 at ,cant]bury1 ,k5t4 ,copp]as1 c4 #ad lbs4 ,orange p[d] #b ,p5alty #ejjl41 & ,cr[n's co/s4 ,pro( ( us+ drugs at v>i\s times4 #ahae1 ,feb4 #ae4 ,mantel & ,cook1 ,ca/le-/reet1 ,bloomsbury-squ>e4 ,pro( ( mix+ /rong ) table be]1 & us+ col\r+ & o!r ?+s4 ,compromis$ = #cjjl4 #ahag4 ,f ,pet] ,/ev5son1 an old ,s]vant to ,dunn & ,wall]1 ,/4 ,john-/reet1 brew]s' druggi/s4 ,cocculus ,indicus ,extract #f lbs4 ,multum #efj ,capsicum #hh ,copp]as #caj ,quassia #aej ,col\r+ & ,drugs #hd ,mix$ ,drugs #bdj ,spani% ,liquorice #dbj ,h>t%orn ,%av+s #gg ,liquorice ,p[d] #age ,orange p[d] #abf ,c>away ,se$s #ajj ,g+] #aaj ,g+] ,root #agf ,condemn$1 n be+ claim$4 ,july #cj4 ,luke ,lyons1 ,%adwell4 ,capsicum #a lb ,liquorice ,root ,p[d] #b ,cori&] ,se$ #b ,copp]as #a ,orange ,p[d] #h ,spani% ,liquorice #a_/b ,be] ,col\r+ #bd galls ,n tri$4 7#g? ,may1 #ahah47 ,aug4 #f4 ,john ,gray1 at ,we/ ,ham4 ,multum #d lbs4 ,spani% ,liquorice #ba ,liquorice ,root ,p[d] #aac ,g+] #aaf ,honey #aa ,p5alty1 #cjjl41 & co/s2 includ+ mix+ /rong be] ) table1 & pay+ table-be] duty = /rong be]1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,num]\s o!r seizures ( illegal sub/ances1 made at brew]ies1 might be advanc$1 7 x necess>y to enl>ge ?is subject to a great] ext5t4 ,mr4 ,james ,we/1 f ! excise (fice1 be+ ask$ 9 ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 appo9t$1 #ahai1 to exam9e & report on ! petition ( sev]al inhabitants ( ,london1 compla9+ ( ! high price & inf]ior quality ( be]1 produc$ ! foll[+ seiz$ articles3--,"o bladd] ( honey1 "o bladd] ( extract ( cocculus indicus1 gr\nd gu9ea pepp] or capsicum1 vitriol or copp]as1 orange p[d]1 quassia1 gr\nd be]-head+1 h>d multum1 ano!r k9d ( multum or be] prep>ation1 liquorice p[d]1 & gr\nd gra9s ( p>adise4 ,witness be+ ask$ ,:]e did y seize ^! ?+s8 ,answ]1 ,"s ( !m 7 seiz$ f brew]s1 & "s ( !m f brew]s' druggi/s1 )9 ^! two ye>s pa/4 7,may #h1 #ahah47 ,ano!r fraud frequ5tly committ$1 bo? by brew]s & publicans1 7z is evid5t f ! ,excise ,report17 is ! practice ( adult]at+ /rong be] ) small be]--,?is fraud is prohibit$ by law1 s9ce bo? ! rev5ue & ! public suff] by x4#fc ,! duty ^u /rong be] is t5 %ill+s a b>rel2 & ^u table be] x is two %ill+s4 ,! rev5ue suff]s1 because a l>g] quantity ( be] is sold z /rong be]2 t is1 at a price exce$+ ! price ( table be]1 )\t ! /rong be] duty be+ paid4 ,9 ! next place1 ! brew] suff]s1 because ! retail] gets table or mild be]1 & retails x z /rong be]4 ,! foll[+ are ! words ( ! ,act1 prohibit+ ! brew]s mix+ table be] ) /rong be]4 ,if any common brew] %all mix or suff] to be mix$ any /rong be]1 or /rong worts ) table be] or table worts1 or ) wat] 9 any guile or f]m5t+ tun aft] ! decl>ation ( ! quantity ( su* guile %all h be5 made2 or if he %all at any "t mix or suff] to be mix$ /rong be] or /rong worts ) table be] worts or ) wat]1 9 any vat1 cask1 tub1 measures or ut5sil1 n be+ an ent]$ guile or f]m5t+ tun1 he %all =feit #bjj p\nds4#fd ,) respect to ! p]sons :o commit ?is (f5ce1 ,mr4 ,c>r1#fe ! ,solicitor ( ! ,excise1 obs]ves1 t !y are g5]ally brew]s :o c>ry on ! d\ble trade ( brew+ bo? /rong & table be]4 ,x is almo/ impossible to prev5t !m f mix+ "o ) ! o!r2 & frauds ( v great ext5t h be5 detect$1 & ! p>ties puni%$ = t (f5ce4 ,"o brew] at ,plym\? evad$ duties to ! am\nt ( #cb1jjj p\nds2 & o!r brew]s1 :o brew p>ty guiles ( be]1 c>ry+ on ! two trades ( ale & table be] brew]s1 :]e ! trade is a victuall+ brew]1 :i* is diff]5t f ! common brew]1 he be+ a p]son :o sells only :olesale2 ! victuall+ brew] be+ a brew] & also a sell] by retail4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 ,mr4 ,c>r cont9ues1 m p>ticul>ly1 ,i speak f hav+ _h great exp]i5ce1 f ! in=mations & evid5ce :i* ,i h receiv$1 t ! retail]s c>ry on a mo/ ext5sive fraud ^u ! public1 9 pur*as+ /ale table be]1 or ! bottoms ( casks4 ,!re are a class ( m5 :o g ab\t & sell su* be] at table-be] price to public victuall]s1 :o mix x 9 _! cell>s4 ,if !y receive be] f _! brew]s :i* is mild1 !y pur*ase /ale be]2 & if !y receive /ale be]1 !y pur*ase common table be] = t purpose2 & _m ( ! prosecutions are aga9/ retail]s = t (f5ce4 ,! foll[+ may s]ve 9 pro( ( ?is /atem5t4 ,li/ ( ,brew]s prosecut$ & convict$ f #ahac to #ahai1 = adult]at+ ,/rong ,be] ) ,table ,be]4#ff ,?omas ,manton & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #cjjl4 ,m>k ,morrell & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #bjl4 & co/s4 ,rob]t ,jones & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #abel4 ,rob]t ,/road1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #bjjl4 & co/s4 ,william ,cobbett1 brew]1 mix+ /rong & table be]1 #ajjl4 & co/s4 ,?omas ,ri*>d ,)]s1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #gel4 & co/s4 ,john ,c[el1 brew]1 = mix+ table be] ) /rong1 #ejl4 & co/s4 ,john ,mit*ell1 brew]1 = mix+ table be] ) /rong1 abscond$4 ,george ,lloyd & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ table be] ) /rong1 #bel4 & co/s4 ,james ,edmunds & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ table be] ) /rong1 = a long p]iod1 v]dict #fjjl4 ,john ,h(fman1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 & us+ molasses1 #acjl4 & co/s4 ,samuel ,langwor?1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong ) /ale table be]1 #ajl4 & co/s4 ,hannah ,sp5c]1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong ) /ale table be]1 v]dict #aejl4 ,joseph ,smi? & o!rs1 brew]s1 = mix+ /rong & table be]4 ,philip ,george1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #bjjl4 ,jo%ua ,r[1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #djjl4 ,john ,drew1 jun4 & ano!r1 = mix+ /rong be] ) table1 #ejl4 & co/s4 ,john ,cape1 brew]1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 #bejl4 & co/s4 ,john ,williams & ano!r1 brew]s1 = mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #bjjl4 ,,old1 ,,or ,,entire2 ,,& ,,new1 ,,or ,,mild ,,be]4 ,x is necess>y to /ate1 t e publican has two sorts ( be] s5t to him f ! brew]2 ! "o is call$ mild1 :i* is be] s5t out fre% z x is brew$2 ! o!r is call$ old2 t is1 su* z is brew$ on purpose = keep+1 & :i* has be5 kept 9 /ore a twelve-mon? or eighte5 mon?s4 ,! orig9 ( ! be] call$ entire1 is ?us relat$ by ! editor ( ! ,picture ( ,london3 ,be=e ! ye> #agcj1 ! malt liquors 9 g5]al us$ 9 ,london 7 ale1 be]1 & two-p5ny2 & x 0 cu/om>y to call = a p9t1 or tank>d1 ( half-&-half1 i4e4 half ( ale & half ( be]1 half ( ale & half ( two-p5ny4 ,9 c\rse ( "t x also became ! practice to call = a p9t or tank>d ( ?ree-?reads1 mean+ a ?ird ( ale1 be]1 & two-p5ny2 & ?us ! publican _h ! tr\ble to g to ?ree casks1 & turn ?ree cocks1 = a p9t ( liquor4 ,to avoid ?is inconv5i5ce & wa/e1 a brew] ( ! "n ( ,h>wood conceiv$ ! idea ( mak+ a liquor1 :i* %\ld p>take ( ! same unit$ flav\rs ( ale1 be]1 & two-p5ny2 he did s1 & succe$$1 call+ x entire1 or entire butt1 mean+ t x 0 drawn entirely f "o cask or butt2 & z x 0 a v he>ty & n\ri%+ liquor1 & suppos$ to be v suitable = port]s & o!r work+ p1 x obta9$ ! "n ( port]4 ,! sy/em is n[ alt]$1 & port] is v g5]ally comp\nd$ ( two k9ds1 or r ! same liquor 9 two diff]5t /ates1 ! due admixture ( :i* is palatable1 ?\gh nei!r is good alone4 ,"o is mild port]1 & ! o!r /ale port]2 ! =m] is t :i* has a slightly bitt] flav\r2 ! latt] has be5 kept long]4 ,?is mixture ! publican adapts to ! palates ( 8 sev]al cu/om]s1 & effects ! mixture v readily1 by means ( a ma*9e1 conta9+ small pumps work$ by h&les4 ,9 ^! are f\r pumps1 b only ?ree sp\ts1 because two ( ! pumps ?r[ out at ! same sp\t3 "o ( ^! two pumps draws ! mild1 & ! o!r ! /ale port]1 f ! casks d[n 9 ! cell>2 & ! publican1 by dext]\sly *ang+ 8 hold works ei!r pump1 & draws bo? k9ds ( be] at ! same sp\t4 ,an indiff]5t obs]v] supposes1 t s9ce x all comes f "o sp\t1 x is entire butt be]1 z ! publican pr(esses ov] 8 door1 & :i* has be5 decid$ by vulg> prejudice to be only good port]1 ?\gh ! diff]5ce is n easily di/+ui%$4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by sev]al em95t brew]s1 t ( late1 a f> great] quantity is consum$ ( mild ?an ( /ale be]4 ,! entire be] ( ! mod]n brew]1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,c4 ,b>clay1#fg ,esq4 consi/s ( "s be] brew$ expressly = ! purpose ( keep+3 x likewise conta9s a portion ( returns f publicans2 a portion ( be] f ! bottoms ( vats2 ! be] t is drawn (f f ! pipes1 :i* convey ! be] f "o vat to ano!r1 & f "o "p ( ! premises to ano!r4 ,?is be] is collect$ & put into vats4 ,mr4 ,b>clay also /ates t x conta9s a c]ta9 portion ( br[n /\t1 :i* is tw5ty %ill+s a b>rel de>] ?an common be]2 & "s bottl+ be]1 :i* is t5 %ill+s a b>rel de>]2#fh & t all ^! be]s1 unit$1 are put into vats1 & t x dep5ds ^u v>i\s circum/ances1 h[ long !y may rema9 9 ^? vats be=e !y become p]fectly bright4 ,:5 bright1 ?is be] is s5t out to ! publicans1 = _! entire be]1 & !re is sometimes a small quantity ( mild be] mix$ ) x4 ,! pres5t entire be]1 !re=e1 is a v het]og5e\s mixture1 compos$ ( all ! wa/e & spoil$ be] ( ! publicans--! bottoms ( butts--! leav+s ( ! pots--! dripp+s ( ! ma*9es = draw+ ! be]--! remnants ( be] t lay 9 ! lead5 pipes ( ! brew]y1 ) a portion ( br[n /\t1 bottl+ be]1 & mild be]4 ,! old or entire be] we h exam9$1 z obta9$ f ,messrs4 ,b>clay's1 & o!r em95t ,london brew]s1 is unque/ionably a good comp\nd2 b x does no long] appe> to be necess>y1 among fraudul5t brew]s1 to brew be] on purpose = keep+1 or to keep x twelve or eighte5 mon?s4 ,a m easy1 exp$iti\s1 & economical me?od has be5 discov]$ to conv]t any sort ( be] into entire be]1 m]ely by ! admixture ( a portion ( sulphuric acid4 ,an imitation ( ! age ( eighte5 mon?s is ?us produc$ 9 an in/ant4 ,?is process is te*nically call$ to br+ be] =w>d1 or to make x h>d4 ,! practice is a bad "o4 ,! g5u9e1 old1 or entire be]1 ( ! hone/ brew]1 is q a diff]5t comp\nd2 x has a ri*1 g5]\s1 full-bodi$ ta/e1 )\t be+ acid1 & a v9\s od\r3 b x may1 p]haps1 n be g5]ally kn[n t ?is k9d ( be] always af=ds a less proportion ( alcohol ?an is produc$ f mild be]4 ,! practice ( br++ be] =w>d1 x is to be und]/ood1 is resort$ to only by fraudul5t brew]s4#fi ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! brew] has too l>ge a /ock ( old be] on 8 h&s1 rec\rse is _h to an opposite practice ( conv]t+ /ale1 half-spoil$1 or s\r be]1 into mild be]1 by ! simple admixture ( an alkali1 or an alkal9e e>?4 ,oy/]-%ell p[d] & subc>bonate ( pota%1 or soda1 are usually employ$ = t purpose4 ,^! sub/ances neutralise ! excess ( acid1 & r5d] s\r be] some:at palatable4 ,by ?is process ! be] becomes v liable to spoil4 ,x is ! wor/ exp$i5t t ! brew] c practise3 ! be] ?us r5d]$ mild1 soon loses its v9\s ta/e2 x becomes vapid2 & spe$ily assumes a muddy grey col\r1 & an exce$+ly disagreeable ta/e4 ,^! sophi/ications may be consid]$1 at fir/1 z m9or crimes practis$ by fraudul5t brew]s1 :5 comp>$ ) ! me?ods employ$ by !m = r5d]+ be] noxi\s to heal? by sub/ances absolutely injuri\s4 ,to increase ! intoxicat+ quality ( be]1 ! delet]i\s vegetable sub/ance1 call$ cocculus indicus1 & ! extract ( ?is poison\s b]ry1 te*nically call$ black extract1 or1 by "s1 h>d multum1 are employ$4 ,opium1 tobacco1 nux vomica1 & extract ( poppies1 h also be5 us$4 ,?is fraud con/itutes by f> ! mo/ c5surable (f5ce committ$ by unpr9cipl$ brew]s2 & x is a lam5table reflection to behold s great a numb] ( brew]s prosecut$ & convict$ ( ?is crime2 nor is x less deplorable to f9d ! names ( druggi/s1 em95t 9 trade1 implicat$ 9 ! fraud1 by sell+ ! unlawful +r$i5ts to brew]s = fraudul5t purposes4 ,li/ ( ,brew]s prosecut$ & convict$ f #ahac to #ahai1 = receiv+ & us+ illegal ,+r$i5ts 9 _! ,brew+s4#gj ,ri*>d ,g>dn]1 brew]1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 #ajjl41 judgm5t by default4 ,/eph5 ,webb & ano!r1 brew]s1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 & mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #ejjl4 ,h5ry ,wyatt1 brew]1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 v]dict #djjl4 ,john ,h>b>t1 retail]1 = receiv+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 v]dict #aejl4 ,philip ,blake & o!rs1 brew]s1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 & mix+ /rong & table be]1 v]dict #bejl4 ,james ,sne$1 = receiv+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 #bel4 & co/s4 ,john ,rewell & ano!r1 brew]s1 ditto1 v]dict #ajjl4 ,john ,swa9 & ano!r1 ditto1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 v]dict #bjjl4 ,john ,+1 brew]1 ditto1 /ay$ on def5dant's dea?4 ,john ,hall1 ditto1 = receiv+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 #el4 & co/s4 ,john ,webb1 retail]1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts4 ,ralph ,fogg & ano!r1 brew]s1 = receiv+ & us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts4 ,john ,gray1 brew]1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts1 #cjjl4 & co/s4 ,ri*>d ,b[man1 = us+ liquid 9 bladd]1 suppos$ to be extract ( cocculus1 #ajjl4 ,ri*>d ,b[man1 brew]1 = ditto1 #ajjl4 & co/s4 ,septimus ,/eph5s1 brew]1 = ditto1 v]dict #ejl4 ,james ,rog]s & ano!r1 brew]1 = ditto1 #bbjl4 & co/s4 ,george ,moore1 brew]1 = us+ col\r+1 #cjjl4 & co/s4 ,john ,morris1 = us+ adult]at+ +r$i5ts4 ,webb & ,ball1 = us+ g+]1 ,gu9ea pepp]1 & br[n p[d]1 7"n unkn[n71 #a/ #ajjl4 #bnd #ejjl4 ,h5ry ,cl>ke1 = us+ molasses1 #aejl4 ,kewell & ,burr[s1 = us+ cocculus india1 multum1 c4 #ajjl4 ,allatson & ,abraham1 = us+ cocculus india1 multum1 & port] flav\r1 #fcjl4 ,swa9 & ,sewell1 = us+ cocculus india1 ,gu9ea-opium1 c4 #bjjl4 ,john ,+1 = us+ cocculus india1 h>d col\r+1 & honey1 dead4 ,william ,dean1 = us+ molasses1 #ejl4 ,john ,c[ell1 = us+ ,spani%-liquorice1 & mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 #ejl4 ,john ,mit*ell1 = us+ cocculus india1 vitriol1 & ,gu9ea pepp]1 left ! c\ntry4 ,lloyd & ,man1 = us+ extract ( cocculus1 #bel4 ,john ,gray1 = us+ g+]1 h>t%orn %av+s1 & molasses1 #cjjl4 ,jon ,h(fman1 = us+ molasses1 ,spani% juice1 & mix+ table ) /rong be]1 #acjl4 ,rog]s & ,boon1 = us+ extract ( cocculus1 multum1 port] flav\r1 c4 #bbjl4 ---- ,betteley1 = us+ wormwood1 cori&] se$1 & ,spani% juice1 #bjjl4 ,william ,lane1 brew]1 = us+ wormwood in/ead ( hops1 #el4 & co/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t a m9ute portion ( an un:olesome +r$i5t1 daily tak5 9 be]1 _c fail to be productive ( mis*ief1 admits ( no d\bt2 & !re is reasons to believe t a small quantity ( a n>cotic sub/ance 7& cocculus indicus is a p[]ful n>cotic#ga71 daily tak5 into ! /oma*1 toge!r ) an intoxicat+ liquor1 is highly m efficaci\s ?an x w\ld be )\t ! liquor4 ,! effect may be gradual2 & a /rong con/itution1 especially if x be assi/$ ) con/ant & h>d lab\r1 may c\nt]act ! de/ructive consequ5ces p]haps = _m ye>s2 b x nev] fails to %ew its baneful effects at la/4 ,indep5d5t ( ?is1 x is a well-e/abli%$ fact1 t port] dr9k]s are v liable to apoplexy & palsy1 )\t tak+ ?is n>cotic poison4 ,if we judge f ! prec$+ li/s ( prosecutions & convictions furni%$ by ! ,solicitor ( ! ,excise#gb1 x w be evid5t t _m :olesale brew]s1 z well z retail deal]s1 /& v conspicu\s among ^? (f5d]s4 ,b ! read] w likewise notice1 t !re are no convictions1 9 any in/ance1 aga9/ any ( ! elev5 great ,london port] brew]s#gc = any illegal practice4 ,! great ,london brew]s1 x appe>s1 believe t ! publicans alone adult]ate ! be]4 ,t _m ( ! latt] h be5 convict$ ( ?is fraud1 ! ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,excise amply %ews4--,see p4 #abi4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t relat+ to ?is subject1 we transcribe f a ,p>liam5t>y docum5t3#gd ,mr4 ,p]k9s be+ ask$1 :e!r he believ$ t any ( ! inf]ior brew]s adult]at$ be]1 answ]$1 ,i am satisfi$ !re are "s in/ances ( t4 ,"q4--,d y believe publicans d8 ,answ]4--,i believe !y d4 ,q4--,to a great ext5t8 ,a4--,yes4 ,q4--,d y believe !y adult]ate ! be] y sell !m8 ,a4--,i am satisfi$ !re are "s in/ances ( t4--,mr4 ,j4 ,m>t9eau#ge be+ ask$ ! foll[+ ,"q4#gf--;,9 y\r judgm5t is any ( ! be] ( ! metropolis1 z retail$ to ! publican1 mix$ ) any delet]i\s +r$i5ts8 ,answ]4--,9 retail+ be]1 9 "s in/ances1 x has be54 ,"q4--,by :om1 9 y\r op9ion1 has t be5 done8 ,answ]4--,9 t case by ! publicans :o v5d x4 ,on ?is po9t1 x is b fair1 to ! m9or brew]s1 to record also ! answ]s ( "s (fic]s ( ! rev5ue1 :5 !y 7 ask$ :e!r !y consid]$ x m difficult to detect nef>i\s practices 9 l>ge brew]ies ?an 9 small ones4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,rog]s be+ ?us que/ion$ 9 ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1#gg ,suppos+ ! l>ge brew]s to use delet]i\s or any illegal +r$i5ts to su* an am\nt z c\ld be ( any importance to _! conc]n1 d y ?9k x w\ld1 or w\ld n1 be m easy to detect x 9 ^? l>ge brew]ies1 ?an 9 small ones8 8 answ] 01 m difficult to detect x 9 ! l>ge ones3 & witness be+ ask$ to /ate ! reason :y1 answ]$1 ,_! premises are s mu* l>g]1 & !re is s mu* m /r5g?1 t a c>t load or two is got rid ( 9 a m9ute or two4 ,witness _h kn[n1 9 five m9utes1 tw5ty b>rels ( molasses got rid ( z soon z ! door 0 %ut4 ,ano!r witness1 ,w4 ,wells1 an excise (fic]1#gh 9 describ+ ! contrivances us$ to prev5t detection1 /at$1 t at a brew]'s1 at ,we/ham1 ! adult]at+ sub/ances 7 n kept on ! premises1 b 9 ! brew]'s h\se2 n ! pr9cipal1 b ! work+ brew]s2 x n be+ consid]$1 :5 !re1 z liable to seizure3 ! brew] _h a v l>ge jacket made expressly = t purpose1 ) v l>ge pockets2 &1 on brew+ morn+s1 he w\ld take 8 pockets full ( ! diff]5t +r$i5ts4 ,witness suppos$ t su* a man's jacket1 simil> to :at he _h describ$1 w\ld convey q suffici5t = any brew]y 9 ,engl&1 z to cocculus indicus4 ,t x may be m difficult = ! (fic]s ( ! excise to detect fraudul5t practices 9 l>ge brew]ies ?an 9 small ones1 may be true to a c]ta9 ext5t3 b :at em95t ,london port] brew] w\ld /ake 8 reputation on ! *ance ( s paltry a ga91 9 :i* he w\ld inevitably be at ! m]cy ( 8 own man8 ,! elev5 great port] brew]s ( ?is metropolis are p]sons ( s high respectability1 t !re is no gr\nd = ! slighte/ suspicion t !y w\ld attempt any illegal practices1 :i* !y 7 aw>e c\ld n possibly escape detection 9 _! ext5sive e/abli%m5ts4 ,& let x be rememb]$1 t none ( !m h be5 detect$ = any unlawful practices1#gi ) reg>d to ! processes ( _! manufacture1 or ! adult]ation ( _! be]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,! ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,be]4 ,! detection ( ! adult]ation ( be] ) delet]i\s vegetable sub/ances is beyond ! rea* ( *emical analysis4 ,! pres5ce ( sulphate ( iron 7p4 #acd7 may be detect$ by evaporat+ ! be] to p]fect dryness1 & burn+ away ! vegetable matt] obta9$1 by ! action ( *lorate ( pot-a% 9 a r$-hot crucible4 ,! sulphate ( iron w be left beh9d among ! residue 9 ! crucible1 :i* :5 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 may be assay$1 = ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! salt1 namely1 iron & sulphuric acid3 = ! =m]1 by t9cture ( galls1 ammonia1 & prussiate ( pota%2 & = ! latt]1 by muriate ( b>ytes4#hj ,be]1 :i* has be5 r5d]$ fraudul5tly h>d 7see p4 #adh7 by ! admixture ( sulphuric acid1 af=ds a :ite precipitate 7sulphate ( b>ytes71 by dropp+ into x a solution ( acetate or muriate ( b>ytes2 & ?is precipitate1 :5 collect$ by filt]+ ! mass1 & aft] hav+ be5 dri$1 & heat$ r$-hot = a few m9utes 9 a plat9a crucible1 does n disappe> by ! addition ( nitric1 or muriatic acid4 ,g5u9e old be] may produce a precipitate2 b ! precipitate :i* x af=ds1 aft] hav+ be5 made r$-hot 9 a plat9a crucible1 in/antly becomes re-dissolv$ ) eff]vesc5ce by p\r+ on x "s pure nitric or muriatic acid2 9 t case ! precipitate is malate 7n sulphate7 ( b>ytes1 & is ow+ to a portion ( malic acid hav+ be5 =m$ 9 ! be]4 ,b ) reg>d to ! vegetable mat]ials delet]i\s to heal?1 x is extremely difficult1 9 any in/ance1 to detect !m by *emical ag5cies2 & 9 mo/ cases x is q impossible1 z 9 t ( cocculus indicus 9 be]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,! ,,quantity ,,( ,,_s ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,port]1 ,,ale1 ,,or ,,o!r ,,k9ds ,,( ,,malt ,,liquors4 ,take any quantity ( ! be]1 put x into a glass retort1 furni%$ ) a receiv]1 & di/il1 ) a g5tle heat1 z long z any _s passes ov] into ! receiv]2 :i* may be kn[n by heat+ f "t to "t a small quantity ( ! obta9$ fluid 9 a tea-spoon ov] a c&le1 & br++ into contact ) ! vap\r ( x ! flame ( a piece ( pap]4 ,if ! vap\r ( ! di/ill$ fluid cat*es fire1 ! di/illation mu/ be cont9u$ until ! vap\r ceases to be set on fire by ! contact ( a flam+ body4 ,to ! di/ill$ liquid ?us obta9$1 :i* is ! _s ( ! be]1 comb9$ ) wat]1 add1 9 small quantities at a "t1 pure subc>bonate ( pota% 7previ\sly fre$ f wat] by hav+ be5 expos$ to a r$ heat17 till ! la/ portion ( ?is salt add$1 rema9s undissolv$ 9 ! fluid4 ,! _s w ?us become sep>at$ f ! wat]1 because ! subc>bonate ( pota% ab/racts f x ! :ole ( ! wat] :i* x conta9$2 & ?is comb9ation s9ks to ! bottom1 & ! _s alone floats on ! top4 ,if ?is exp]im5t be made 9 a glass tube1 ab\t half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & graduat$ into #ej or #ajj equal p>ts1 ! relative p] c5tage ( _s 9 a giv5 quantity ( be] may be se5 by m]e inspection4 ,quantity ( ,alcohol conta9$ 9 ,port]1 ,ale1 & o!r k9ds ( ,malt ,liquors4#ha ,"o hundr$ p>ts1 by ,measure1 ,p>ts ( ,alcohol1 conta9$4 by ,measure4 ,ale1 home-brew$ #h1cj ,ale1 ,burton1 ?ree ,samples #f1be ,ale1 ,burton#hb #h1hh ,ale1 ,ed9burgh#hb #f1bj ,ale1 ,dor*e/]#hb #e1ej ,ale1 common ,london-brew$1 six samples #e1hb ,ale1 ,scot*1 ?ree samples #e1ge ,port]1 ,london1 eight samples #d1jj ,ditto1 ,ditto#hc #d1bj ,ditto1 ,ditto#hc #d1de ,ditto1 ,ditto1 bottl$4 #d1ge ,br[n ,/\t1 f\r samples #e ,ditto1 ,ditto#hc #f1hj ,small ,be]1 six samples #j1ge ,ditto1 ,ditto#hd #a1bh ,,footnotes3 #dh ,see pages #aai1 c4 #di ,*ild1 on ,brew+ ,port]1 p4 #g4 #ej ,*ild1 on ,brew+ ,port]1 p4 #af4 #ea ,ibid4 p4 #af4 #eb ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 to :om ! petition ( sev]al inhabitants ( ,london & its vic9ity1 compla9+ ( ! high price & inf]ior quality ( be]1 0 ref]r$1 to exam9e ! matt] !re(1 & to report ! same1 ) _! obs]vations !reupon1 to ! ,h\se4 ,pr9t$ by ord] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,april1 #ahai4 #ec #ef ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #b4 #ed ,copi$ f ! ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 appo9t$ = exam9+ ! price & quality ( ,be]4--,see pages #ah1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cf1 #dc4 #ee ,! av]age specific gravity ( diff]5t samples ( br[n /\t1 obta9$ direct f ! brew]ies ( ,messrs4 ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s1 & ,co4 ,messrs4 ,truman1 ,hanbury1 & ,co4 ,messrs4 ,h5ry ,meux & ,co4 & f sev]al o!r em95t ,london brew]s1 am\nt$ to #a1jbb2 & ! av]age specific gravity ( port]1 f ! same brew]ies1 #a1jah4 #ef #b ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #ad1 #b4 #eg #ei ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #ec1 #be4 #eh ,copi$ f ! ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 appo9t$ = exam9+ ! price & quality ( be]1 p4 #ai1 #bi1 #cf1 #cg1 #dc4 #ei ,see ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons = report+ on ! ,price & ,quality ( ,be]1 #ahai1 p4 #bi4 #fj #g ,geo4 ,,ii4 c4 #ai1 #b4 #fa ,see ,li/ ( ,publicans prosecut$ & convict$ = mix+ table be] ) /rong be]1 c4 p4 #abi4 ,alum gives likewise a smack ( age to be]1 & is p5etrat+ to ! palate4--,s4 ,*ild on ,brew+4 #fb ,copi$ f ! ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 appo9t$ = exam9+ ! price & quality ( be]1 p4 #ch4 #fc ,see ,mr4 ,c>r's evid5ce 9 ! ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #cb4 #fd #db ,george ,,iii1 c4 #ch1 #ab4 #fe ,see ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #cb4 #ff ,copi$ f ! m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 appo9t$ = exam9+ ! price & quality ( ,be]1 #ahai1 p4 #bi1 #cf1 #dc4 #fg ,see ! ,p>liam5t>y ,m9utes1 p4 #id4 #fh ,mr4 ,b>clay has n specifi$ ! relative proportions ( br[n /\t & ( bottl+ be] :i* are introduc$ at su* an augm5tation ( exp5se4 #fi ,mr4 ,*ild1 9 8 ,treatise on ,brew+1 p4 #bc directs1 to make new be] old]1 use oil ( vitriol4 #gj ,copi$ f ! ,m9utes ( ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons appo9t$ = exam9+ ! price & quality ( be]1 p4 #bi1 #cf4 #ga ,! delet]i\s effect ( ,cocculus ,indicus 7! fruit ( ! memisp]mum cocculus7 is ow+ to a peculi> bitt] pr9ciple conta9$ 9 x2 :i*1 :5 swall[$ 9 m9ute quantities1 intoxicates & acts z poison4 ,x may be obta9$ f cocculus indicus b]ries 9 a deta*$ /ate3--*emi/s call x picrotox91 f pi*ros1 bitt]2 & toxi*on poison4 #gb ,see ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #bh1 #cf4 #gc ,messrs4 ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s1 & ,co4--,truman1 ,hanbury & ,co4--,reid & ,co4--,:itbread & ,co4--,combe1 ,delafield1 & ,co4--,h5ry ,meux1 & ,co4--,calv]t & ,co4--,goodw9 & ,co4--,elliot & ,co4--,taylor & ,co4--,cox1 & ,camble & ,co4 ,see ! ,m9utes1 be=e quot$1 p4 #cb4 #gd ,ibid4 p4 #eh4 #ge ,a p>tn] 9 ! brew]y ( ,messrs4 ,:itbread & ,co4 #gf ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #ajd4 #gg ,m9utes1 be=e quot$1 p4 #bb4 #gh ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #dj4 #gi ,m9utes ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 p4 #cb #hj ,see a ,treatise on ! ,use & ,application ( ,*emical ,te/s1 #c;d edition2 ,te/s = ,sulphuric ,acid1 c4 #ha ,repository ( ,arts1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #gd4--ahaf4 #hb ,copi$ f ,pr(essor ,br&e's ,pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahaa1 p4 #cde4 #hc ,result ( our own ,exp]im5ts1 see p4 #abg4 #hd ,pr(essor ,br&e's ,exp]im5ts4 ,c\nt]feit ,tea-,leaves4 ,! late detections t h be5 made respect+ ! illicit e/abli%m5ts = ! manufacture ( imitation tea leaves1 arre/$1 n long ago1 ! att5tion ( ! public2 & ! p>ties by :om ^! manufactories 7 conduct$1 toge!r ) ! num]\s v5d]s ( ! factiti\s tea1 did n escape ! h& ( ju/ice4 ,9 pro( ( ?is /atem5t1 x is only necess>y to consult ! ,london newspap]s 7! ,times & ! ,c\ri]7 f ,m>* to ,july #ahah2 :i* %[ to :at ext5t ?is nef>i\s traffic has be5 c>ri$ on2 & !y report also ! prosecutions & convictions ( num]\s individuals :o h be5 guilty ( ! fraud4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ^? prosecutions & convictions4 ,,hatton ,,g>d54--,on ,saturday an in=mation came to be he>d at ?is (fice1 be=e ,?omas ,lea*1 ,esq4 ! sitt+ magi/rate1 aga9/ a man ( ! "n ( ,edmund ,rhodes1 *>g$ ) hav+1 on ! #ab? ( ,augu/ la/1 dy$1 fabricat$1 & manufactur$1 div]s l>ge quantities1 viz4 "o hundr$ weight ( sloe leaves1 "o hundr$ weight ( a% leaves1 "o hundr$ weight ( eld] leaves1 & "o hundr$ weight ( ! leaves ( a c]ta9 o!r tree1 9 imitation ( tea1 contr>y to ! /atute ( ! #ag? ( ,geo4 ,,iii4#he :]eby ! said ,edmund ,rhodes _h1 = e p\nd ( su* leaves s manufactur$1 =feit$ ! sum ( #el4 mak+ ! total ( ! p5alties am\nt to #b1jjjl4 ,! second c\nt 9 ! in=mation *>g$ ! said ,rhodes ) hav+ 9 8 possession ! above quantity ( sloe1 a%1 eld]1 & o!r leaves1 "u ! l p5alty ( #b1jjjl4 ,! ?ird c\nt *>g$ him ) hav+1 on ! said #ab? ( ,augu/ la/1 9 8 possession1 div]s quantities1 exce$+ six p\nds weight ( ea* respective k9d ( leaves2 viz4 fifty p\nds weight ( gre5 sloe leaves1 fifty p\nds weight ( gre5 leaves ( a%1 fifty p\nds weight ( gre5 leaves ( eld]1 & fifty p\nds weight ( ! gre5 leaves ( a c]ta9 o!r tree2 n hav+ prov$ t su* leaves 7 ga!r$ ) ! cons5t ( ! own]s ( ! trees & %rubs f :i* !y 7 tak51 & t su* leaves 7 ga!r$ = "s o!r use1 & n = ! purpose ( manufactur+ ! same 9 imitation ( tea2 :]eby he _h =feit$ = ea* p\nd weight1 ! sum ( #el4 am\nt+ 9 ! :ole to #a1jjjl42 &1 9 default ( paym5t1 9 ea* case1 subject$ himself to be committ$ to ! h\se ( correction = n m ?an twelve mon?s1 nor less ?an six mon?s4 ,mr4 ,d5ton1 :o appe>$ = ! def5dant1 :o 0 abs5t1 said t he 0 a v poor man1 ) a family ( five *ildr51 & 0 only ! s]vant ( ! real manufactur]1 & an ignorant man f ! c\ntry1 put into ! premises to c>ry on ! bus9ess1 )\t kn[+ :at ! leaves 7 int5d$ =4 ,by direction ( ,mr4 ,mayo1 :o conduct$ ! prosecution1 sev]al b>rels & bags1 fill$ ) ! imitation tea1 7 !n br\ght into ! (fice1 & a sample f ea* h&$ r\nd4 ,to ! eye !y seem$ a good imitation ( tea4 ,! def5dant 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejjl4 on ! second c\nt4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,palm]4--,?is 0 an action by ! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ! def5dant1 ,palm]1 *>g+ him ) hav+ 9 8 possession a quantity ( sloe-leaves & :ite-?orn leaves1 fabricat$ into an imitation ( tea4 ,mr4 ,dauncey /at$ ! case to ! jury1 & obs]v$ t ! def5dant1 ,mr4 ,palm]1 0 a groc]4 ,x w\ld appe> t a regul> manufactory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,gold/one-/reet4 ,! p>ties by :om ! manufactory 0 conduct$1 0 a p]son ( ! "n ( ,proctor1 & ano!r p]son nam$ ,j4 ,mal9s4 ,!y engag$ o!rs to furni% !m ) leaves1 :i*1 aft] und]go+ a c]ta9 process1 7 sold to & drank by ! public z tea4 ,! leaves1 9 ord] to be conv]t$ into an article resembl+ black tea1 7 fir/ boil$1 !n bak$ ^u an iron plate2 &1 :5 dry1 rubb$ ) ! h&1 9 ord] to produce t curl :i* ! g5u9e tea _h4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ :olesome "p ( ! op]ation2 = ! col\r :i* 0 yet to be giv5 to x1 0 produc$ by logwood4 ,! gre5 tea 0 manufactur$ 9 a mann] m de/ructive to ! con/itution ( ^? by :om x 0 drank4 ,! leaves1 be+ press$ & dri$1 7 laid ^u %eets ( copp]1 :]e !y receiv$ _! col\r f an article kn[n by ! "n ( ,dut* p9k4 ,! article us$ 9 produc+ ! appe>ance ( ! f9e gre5 bloom1 obs]vable on ! ,*9a tea1 01 h[ev]1 decid$ly a dead poison6 ,he allud$ to v]digris1 :i* 0 add$ to ! ,dut* p9k 9 ord] to complete ! op]ation4 ,?is 0 ! case :i* he _h to br+ be=e ! jury2 & h5ce x w\ld appe>1 t1 at ! mom5t !y 7 suppos+ !y 7 dr9k+ a pleasant & nutriti\s bev]age1 !y 71 9 fact1 9 all probability1 dr9k+ ! produce ( ! h$ges r\nd ! metropolis1 prep>$ = ! purposes ( deception 9 ! mo/ noxi\s mann]4 ,he tru/$ he %\ld be enabl$ to trace to ! possession ( ! def5dant eighty p\nds weight ( ! commodity he _h be5 describ+4 ,?omas ,jones depos$1 t he knew ,proctor1 & 0 employ$ by him at ! latt] end ( ,april1 #ahag1 to ga!r black & :ite ?orn leaves4 ,sloe leaves 7 ! black ?orn4 ,witness also knew ,john ,mal9s1 ! son ( ,william ,mal9s1 a c(fee-roa/]2 he did n at fir/ "k ! purpose = :i* ! leaves 7 ga!r$1 b aft]w>ds le>nt !y 7 to make imitation tea4 ,witness did n ga!r m ?an "o hundr$ & a half weight ( ^! leaves2 b he employ$ ano!r p]son1 ( ! "n ( ,john ,bag/]1 to ga!r !m4 ,he _h two-p5ce p] p\nd = !m4 ,!y 7 fir/ boil$1 & ! wat] squeez$ f !m 9 a press4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds plac$ ov] a sl[-fire ^u %eets ( copp] to dry2 :ile on ! copp] !y 7 rubb$ ) ! h& to curl !m4 ,at ! "t ( boil+ !re 0 a little v]digris put into ! wat] 7?is appli$ to gre5 tea only47 ,aft] ! leaves 7 dri$1 !y 7 sift$1 to sep>ate ! ?orns & /alks4 ,aft] !y 7 sift$1 m v]digris & "s ,dut* p9k 7 add$4 ,! v]digris gave ! leaves t gre5 bloom obs]vable on g5u9e tea4 ,! black tea w5t ?r\gh a simil> c\rse z ! gre51 except ! application ( ,dut* p9k3 a little v]digris 0 put 9 ! boil+1 & to ?is 0 add$ a small quantity ( logwood to dye x1 & ?us ! manufacture 0 complete4 ,! dry+ op]ation took place on %eets ( iron4 ,witness knew ! def5dant1 ,edw>d ,palm]2 he took "s ( ! mixture he _h be5 describ+1 to 8 %op4 ,! fir/ "t he took "s 0 9 ,may1 #ahag4 ,9 ! c\rse ( t mon?1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 he took f\r or five sev5-p\nd p>cels2 :5 he took x !re1 x 0 tak5 up to ! top ( ! h\se4 ,witness aft]w>ds c>ri$ "s to ,russell-/reet1 :i* 0 tak5 to ! top ( ! h\se1 ab\t "o hundr$ weight & ?ree qu>t]s2 f ?is quantity he c>ri$ fifty-?ree p\nds weight to ! h\se ( ! def5dant's port]1 by ! desire ( ,mr4 ,mal9s2 x 0 9 pap] p>cels ( sev5 p\nds ea*4 ,john ,bag/] prov$ t he _h be5 employ$ by ,mal9s & ,proctor1 to ga!r sloe & :ite-?orn leaves3 !y 7 tak5 to ,jones's h\se1 & f !nce to ,mal9s' c(fee-roa/+ premises2 witness receiv$ two-p5ce p] p\nd = !m2 he saw ! manufactur+ go+ on1 b did n "k mu* ab\t x3 witness saw ! leaves on %eets ( copp]1 9 ,gold/one-/reet4 ,?is 0 ! case = ! ,cr[n4--,v]dict = ! ,cr[n1 #hdjl4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,john ,pr5tice4--,?is 0 an in=mation simil> to ! la/1 9 :i* ! def5dant submitt$ to a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,lawson ,holmes4--,9 ?is case ! def5dant submitt$ to a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,john ,orkney4--,?omas ,jones prov$ t ! def5dant 0 a groc]1 & 9 ! mon? ( ,may la/ he c>ri$ to 8 %op sev5 p\nds ( imitation tea1 by ! ord] ( ,john ,mal9s1 = :i* he receiv$ ! money1 viz4 #aes4 #i;d4 or #bs4 #c;d4 p] p\nd4 ,! jury f\nd a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4--,p5alties #gjl4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,james ,gray4--,! def5dant submitt$ to a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4--,p5alties #abjl4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,h4 ,gilb]t1 & ,p[el4--,^! def5dants submitt$ to a v]dict4--,p5alties #adjl4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,william ,cl>ke4--,?is def5dant also submitt$ to a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,george ,david ,bellis4--,?is def5dant submitt$ to a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,john ,horn]4--,! def5dant 9 ?is case 0 a groc]2 x 0 prov$ by ,jones t he receiv$ tw5ty p\nds ( imitation tea4--,v]dict = ! ,cr[n4--,p5alties #bajl4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,william ,d[l+4--,?is 0 a groc]4 ,jones prov$ t he deliv]$ sev5 p\nds ( imitation tea at ,mr4 ,d[l+'s h\se1 & receiv$ ! money = x1 namely #aes4 #i;d4--,p5alties #gjl4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,! ,,adult]ations ,,( ,,tea4 ,! adult]ation ( tea may be ev9c$ by comp>+ ! botanical *>act]s ( ! leaves ( ! two respective trees1 & by submitt+ !m to ! action ( a few *emical te/s4 ,! %ape ( ! tea-leaf is sl5d] & n>r[1 z %ewn 9 ?is sket*1 ! edges are deeply s]rat$1 & ! end or extremity is acutely po9t$4 ,! texture ( ! leaf is v delicate1 its surface smoo? & glossy1 & its col\r is a lively pale gre54 ,illu/ration ,! sloe-leaf 7& also ! :ite-?orn leaf17 z %ewn 9 ?is sket*1 is m r\nd$1 & ! leaf is obtusely po9t$4 ,! s]ratures or jags on ! edges are n s deep1 ! surface ( ! leaf is m unev51 ! texture n s delicate1 & ! col\r is a d>k olive gre54 ,illu/ration ,^! *>act]s ( c\rse c be obs]v$ only aft] ! dri$ leaves h be5 suff]$ to mac]ate 9 wat] = ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! leaves ( "s sorts ( tea may diff] 9 size1 b ! %ape is ! same 9 all ( !m2 because all ! diff]5t k9ds ( tea import$ f ,*9a1 are ! produce ( "o species ( plant1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! gre5 & s\*ong1 or black tea1 dep5ds *iefly ^u ! climate1 soil1 culture1 age1 & mode ( dry+ ! leaves4 ,spuri\s black tea1#hf slightly moi/5$1 :5 rubb$ on a %eet ( :ite pap]1 imm$iately produces a bluei%-black /a92 & spe$ily af=ds1 :5 ?r[n into cold wat]1 a bluei%-black t9cture1 :i* in/antly becomes r$d5$ by lett+ fall into x1 a drop or two ( sulphuric acid4 ,two ounces ( ! suspect$ leaves1 %\ld be infus$ 9 half-a-p9t ( cold1 s(t wat]1 & suff]$ to /& = ab\t an h\r4 ,g5u9e tea produces an amb]-col\r$ infusion1 :i* does n become r$d5$ by sulphuric acid4 ,all ! samples ( spuri\s gre5 tea 7n9ete5 9 numb]7 :i* ,i h exam9$1 7 col\r$ ) c>bonate ( copp] 7a poison\s sub/ance17 & n by means ( v]digris1 or copp]as4#hg ,! latt] sub/ances w\ld in/antly turn ! tea black2 because bo? ^! metallic salts be+ soluble 9 wat]1 are act$ on by ! a/r+5t matt] ( ! leaves1 :e!r g5u9e or spuri\s1 & conv]t ! infusion into ink4 ,tea1 r5d]$ poison\s by c>bonate ( copp]1 spe$ily imp>ts to liquid ammonia a f9e sapphire blue t+e4 ,x is only necess>y to %ake up 9 a /opp$ vial1 = a few m9utes1 a tea-spoonful ( ! suspect$ leaves1 ) ab\t two table-spoonsful ( liquid ammonia1 dilut$ ) half its bulk ( wat]4 ,! sup]natant liquid w exhibit a f9e blue col\r1 if ! m9ute/ quantity ( copp] be pres5t4 ,gre5 tea1 col\r$ ) c>bonate ( copp]1 :5 ?r[n into wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 imm$iately acquires a black col\r4 ,g5u9e gre5 tea suff]s no *ange f ! action ( ^! te/s4 ,! pres5ce ( copp] may be fur!r r5d]$ obvi\s1 by mix+ "o "p ( ! suspect$ tea-leaves1 r$uc$ to p[d]1 ) two or ?ree p>ts ( nitrate ( pota%1 7or ) two p>ts ( *lorate ( pota%17 & project+ ?is mixture by small portions at a "t1 into a plat9a1 or porcela9-w>e crucible1 kept r$-hot 9 a coal fire2 ! :ole vegetable matt] ( ! tea leaves w ?us become de/roy$1 & ! oxide ( copp] left beh9d1 9 comb9ation ) ! pota%1 ( ! nitrate ( pota% 7or salt-petre17 or ) ! muriate ( pota%1 if *lorate ( pota% has be5 employ$4 ,if wat]1 acidulat$ ) nitric acid1 be !n p\r$ into ! crucible to dissolve ! mass1 ! pres5ce ( ! copp] may be r5d]$ manife/ by add+ to ! solution1 liquid ammonia1 9 su* quantity t ! pung5t od\r ( x pr$om9ates4 ,,footnotes3 #he ,also1 #b ,geo4 ,i1 c4 #cj1 #e2 & #d ,geo4 ,,ii1 c4 #ad1 #aa4 #hf ,! exam9ation ( tw5ty-sev5 samples ( imitation tea ( diff]5t qualities1 f ! mo/ co/ly1 to ! mo/ common1 :i* x fell to my lot to und]take1 induces me to po9t out ! m>ks ( sophi/ications "h detail$1 z ! mo/ simple & exp$iti\s4 #hg ,mr4 ,tw9+1 an em95t tea-m]*ant1 ass]ts1 t ! leaves ( spuri\s tea are boil$ 9 a copp]1 ) copp]as & %eep's dung4--,see ,encyclop4 ,britan4 vol4 xviii4 p4 #cca4 #agig4 ,see also ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,tea ,plant1 p4 #dh2 & p4 #afg ( ?is ,treatise4 ,c\nt]feit ,c(fee4 ,! fraud ( c\nt]feit+ gr\nd c(fee by means ( pigeon's beans & pease1 is ano!r subject :i*1 n long ago1 arre/$ ! att5tion ( ! public3 & f ! num]\s convictions ( groc]s prosecut$ = ! (f5ce1 x is evid5t t ?is practice has be5 c>ri$ on = a long "t1 & to a consid]able ext5t4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t exhibits "s ( ! prosecutions1 in/itut$ by ! ,solicitor ( ! ,excise1 aga9/ p]sons convict$ ( ! fraud ( manufactur+ spuri\s1 & adult]at+ g5u9e c(fee4 ,alex&] ,brady1 a groc]1 7,see p4 #ahb7 prosecut$ & convict$ ( sell+ %am-c(fee1 said1 ,i h sold x = tw5ty ye>s4 ,"s ( ! p]sons prosecut$ by ! ,solicitor ( ! ,excise = ?is fraud1 we might1 at fir/ sight1 be incl9$ to believe1 7 inconsci\s t ! adult]at+ ( g5u9e c(fee ) spuri\s sub/ances 0 illegal2 b ?is ignorance af=ds no excuse1 z ! ,act ( ! #dc ,geo4 ,,iii4 cap4 #abi1 explicitly /ates3 ,if aft] ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]1 #ahjc1 any burnt1 scor*$1 or roa/$ pease1 beans1 or o!r gra91 or vegetable sub/ance or sub/ances prep>$ or manufactur$ = ! purpose ( be+ 9 imitation ( or 9 any respect to resemble c(fee or cocoa1 or to s]ve z a sub/itute = c(fee or cocoa1 or alleg$ or pret5d$ by ! possessor or v5d] !re( s to be1 %all be made1 or kept = sale1 or %all be (f]$ or expos$ to sale1 or %all be f\nd 9 ! cu/ody or possession ( any deal] or deal]s 9 or sell] or sell]s ( c(fee1 or if any burnt1 scor*$1 or roa/$ pease1 beans1 or o!r gra91 or vegetable sub/ance or sub/ances n be+ c(fee1 %all be call$ by ! prep>]1 manufactur]1 possessor1 or v5d] !re(1 by ! "n ( ,engli% or ,briti% c(fee1 or any o!r "n ( c(fee1 or by ! "n ( ,am]ican cocoa1 or ,engli% or ,briti% cocoa1 or any o!r "n ( cocoa1 ! same respectively %all be =feit$1 toge!r ) ! packages conta9+ ! same1 & %all & may be seiz$ by any (fic] or (fic]s ( ,excise2 & ! p]son or p]sons prep>+1 manufactur+1 or sell+ ! same1 or hav+ ! same 9 81 h]1 or _! cu/ody or possession1 or ! deal] or deal]s 9 or sell] or sell]s ( c(fee or cocoa1 9 ^: cu/ody ! same %all be f\nd1 %all =feit & lose ! sum ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ,william ,mal9s4--,?is 0 an in=mation fil$ by ! ,attorney-,g5]al aga9/ ! def5dant1 *>g+ him1 he be+ a deal] 9 c(fee1 ) hav+ 9 8 possession a l>ge quantity ( imitation c(fee1 made f scor*$ pease & beans1 resembl+ c(fee1 & int5d$ to be sold z su*1 contr>y to ! /atute ( ! #dc;d ( ! ,k+1 :]eby he became liable to pay a f9e ( #ajjl4 ,j4 ,lawes depos$ t he _h liv$ s]vant ) ! def5dant2 he con/antly roa/$ pease & beans1 & gr\nd !m into p[d]4 ,:5 s gr\nd1 ! p[d] v mu* resembl$ c(fee4 ,sometimes ! sweep+s ( ! c(fee 7 ?r[n 9 among ! pease & beans4 ,witness c>ri$ out ?is p[d] to sev]al groc]s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n4 ,?omas ,jones liv$ ) ! def5dant4 ,8 occupation 0 roa/+ & gr9d+ pease & beans4 ,!y look$1 :5 gr\nd1 ! same z c(fee4 ,witness _h se5 ,mr4 ,john ,mal9s sweep up ! refuse c(fee1 & mix x ) ! pease & beans4 ,he _h tak5 out ?is mixture to groc]s4 ,j4 ,ri*>dson1 an excise-(fic]1 depos$1 t1 9 ,decemb] #ahag1 he w5t to ! premises ( ! def5dant1 & !re seiz$ f\r sacks1 five tubs1 & n9e p\nds 9 pap]1 ( a p[d] made to resemble c(fee4 ,! quantity gr\nd 0 #a1efg p\nds2 x _h all ! appe>ance ( c(fee2 & a little c(fee be+ mix$ ) x1 any common p]son might be deceiv$4 ,he also seiz$ two sacks1 conta9+ #bgi p\nds ( :ole pease & beans roa/$4 ,among ! latt] 7 "s gra9s ( c(fee4 ,! witness "h produc$ samples ( ! articles seiz$4 ,john ,lawes depos$1 t ! articles exhibit$ 7 su* z he 0 9 ! habit ( manufactur+ :ile 9 ,mr4 ,mal9s' employm5t4 ,! jury f\nd a v]dict = ! ,cr[n4--,p5alty #ajjl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,*alon]4--,mr4 ,*alon]1 a deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 0 *>g$ on ! oa?s ( ,*>les ,h5ry ,"l & ,john ,pe>son1 bo? ,excise (fic]s1 ) hav+ 9 8 possession1 on ! #ag? ( ,m>*1 n9e p\nds ( spuri\s c(fee1 consi/+ ( burnt pease1 beans1 & gravel or s&1 & a portion ( c(fee1 & ) sell+ "s ( ! same2 also ) hav+ 9 8 possession sev5te5 p\nds ( vegetable p[d]1 & an article imitat+ c(fee1 :i* conta9$ n a p>ticle ( g5u9e c(fee4 ,! def5dant 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ijl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,pee!r4--,?is 0 an in=mation aga9/ ,mr4 ,?omas ,pee!r1 tea & c(fee deal]1 *>g+ him ) hav+ 9 8 possession a quantity ( imitation c(fee 7or vegetable p[d]7 on ! #be? ( ,april la/4 ,! case be+ prov$ by ! evid5ce ( sev]al witnesses1 ! def5dant 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,topp+4--,?is 0 an in=mation aga9/ ,mr4 ,john ,lewis ,topp+1 a deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 *>g+ him ) hav+ ?irty-sev5 p\nds ( vegetable p[d] 9 8 possession4 ,! article seiz$ 0 produc$ to ! commission]s ( ! ,excise4 ,! def5dant 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,samuel ,hallett4--,! def5dant1 ,hallett1 a groc] & deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 0 *>g$ ) hav+ sev5 p\nds ( imitation c(fee 9 8 possession4 ,*>les ,h5ry ,"l1 an (fic] ( ! ,excise1 be+ sworn1 /at$1 t he & ,sp5c]1 an (fic]1 w5t1 on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y la/1 to ! %op ( ! def5dant1 & ask$ = an ounce ( c(fee1 at ?ree halfp5ce p] ounce4 ,he receiv$ ! same1 & hav+ paid = x1 left ! %op4 ,he exam9$ ! article1 & f\nd x 0 "p c(fee1 & "p imitation c(fee1 or :at ! def5dant call$ vegetable p[d]1 :i* is no?+ m nor less ?an burnt pease & beans gr\nd 9 a mill4 ,sp5c]1 ! (fic] ( ! ,excise1 corroborat$ ! above evid5ce1 & /at$1 t ! %am-c(fee seiz$ at ! def5dant's h\se 0 %[n to ,mr4 ,joseph ,hubb>d1 groc]1 & tea & c(fee deal]1 9 ,high-/reet1 9 ! ,bor\gh ( ,s\?w>k4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d be+ sworn1 /at$1 t he _h exam9$ ! %am-c(fee seiz$ by ! (fic]s 9 ! def5dant's %op4 ,! "o ounce pur*as$ by ,"l1 he knew to be no?+ else ?an black pigeon's beans2 !re 0 no c(fee among/ x4 ,! def5dant 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,fox4--,mr4 ,edw>d ,fox1 groc]1 & deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 0 *>g$ ) hav+ a l>ge quantity ( %am-c(fee 9 8 possession1 & ) sell+ ! same = g5u9e c(fee4 ,h5ry ,sp5c]1 an (fic] ( ! ,excise1 /at$1 t on ! #ba/ ( ,febru>y he & ,"l1 ano!r (fic]1 w5t to ! def5dant's %op & pur*as$ an ounce ( c(fee1 = :i* he paid ?ree halfp5ce4 ,!y exam9$ x1 & he 0 satisfi$ x 0 n g5u9e c(fee2 !y pur*as$ ano!r ounce 7:i* he produc$ to ! commission]s ( ! ,excise1 :o exam9$ x72 !y 7 conv9c$ x consi/$ p>tly ( c(fee & beans & pease4 ,! def5dant1 9 8 def5ce said1 t ! poor p want$ a l[-price article2 & by mix+ ! vegetable p[d] & c(fee toge!r1 he 0 able to sell x at ?ree halfp5ce an ounce2 he _h sold x = ye>s2 he did x z a matt] ( accommodation to ! poor1 :o c\ld n give a high] price2 he did n sell x = g5u9e c(fee4 ,commission]4--,!n y h be5 defraud+ ! public = _m ye>s1 & injur+ ! rev5ue by y\r illicit practices3 ! poor h an equal "r to be suppli$ ) z g5u9e an article z ! ri*4 ,he 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,brady4--,! def5dant1 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,brady1 groc]1 & deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 0 *>g$ ) hav+1 on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y la/1 9 8 possession eighte5 p\nds ( %am-c(fee1 & sell+ ! same = g5u9e c(fee4 ,"l & ,pe>son1 ,excise (fic]s1 /at$1 t !y pur*as$ an ounce ( c(fee ( ! def5dant1 on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y1 & ^u exam9+ x !y discov]$ t x 0 made up ( pease & beans1 gr\nd ) a small quantity ( c(fee4 ,!y also f\nd eighte5 p\nds ( vegetable p[d] mix$ ) c(fee1 9 a /ate prep>$ = sale1 wrapp$ 9 pap]s4 ,"o ( ! commission]s ta/$ "s ( ! eighte5 p\nds ( %am-c(fee produc$ by ! (fic]s1 & decl>$ t x 0 a mo/ infam\s /uff1 & unfit = human food4 ,def5dant4--,:y1 ,i h sold x = tw5ty ye>s4 ,commission]4--,!n y h be5 = tw5ty ye>s act+ mo/ di%one/ly1 defraud+ ! rev5ue2 & ! heal? ( ! poor mu/ h suff]$ v mu* by tak+ su* an un:olesome article4 ,y\r hav+ dealt 9 ?is article s long aggravates y\r case2 y h = tw5ty ye>s be5 sell+ burnt beans & pease = g5u9e c(fee4--,y are convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,b[s]4--,! excise (fic]s /at$1 t on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y !y w5t to 8 %op3 he 0 a groc]1 deal] 9 tea & c(fee2 !y seiz$ sev5 p\nds & a half ( vegetable p[d]1 :i* conta9$ v little c(fee1 if any2 & also a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( c(fee mix$ ) vegetable p[d]4 ,! def5dant plead$ guilty to ! *>ge1 & pray$ ! c\rt to mitigate ! p5alty4 ,he 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 ,! ,k+ aga9/ ,?omas ,ow54--,! def5dant1 an ext5sive deal] 9 tea & c(fee1 appe>$ to an in=mation *>g+ him ) hav+ 9 8 possession1 & sell+1 a quantity ( delet]i\s +r$i5ts1 & mix+ !m ) c(fee4 ,*>les ,h5ry ,"l depos$1 t on ! #bf? ( ,febru>y1 he f\nd1 at ! %op ( ! def5dant1 n9ete5 p\nds ( a composition consi/+ ( beans & pease gr\nd1 & prep>$ s z to imitate c(fee4 ,he also discov]$ two p\nds & a half ( a mixture ( c(fee & vegetable p[d]4 ,on ! same day he proce$$ to ano!r %op ( ! def5dant1 & he !re f\nd five p\nds m ( ! same /uff4 ,samples ( ! composition1 9 its mix$ & unmix$ /ate1 7 produc$4 ,mr4 ,lawes address$ ! commission]s on behalf ( ! def5dant1 9 mitigation ( puni%m5t2 = he did n mean to d5y ! (f5ce4 ,8 cli5t 0 a v "y man1 & _h be5 mo/ un=tunate 9 bus9ess4 ,he 0 n aw>e until lately ( ! exi/5ce ( any law by :i* x c\ld be puni%$4 ,! ,commission]s obs]v$1 t !y _h a d\ble duty to p]=m1 namely1 to protect ! rev5ue f fraud1 & to prev5t ! public f be+ impos$ ^u & injur$ by +r$i5ts s]v$ to !m in/ead ( ! food !y int5d$ to pur*ase4 ,! fraud ^u ! rev5ue 01 9 ! e/imation ( ! c\rt1 ! lea/ "p ( ! (f5ce4 ,"u all ! circum/ances1 h[ev]1 ! c\rt 0 incl9$ to be l5i5t to ! def5dant4 ,he 0 convict$ 9 ! p5alty ( #ejl4 = ea* quantity ( %am-c(fee4 ,mr4 ,greely & ,mr4 ,william ,d&o 7 f9$ #bjl4 ea*2 & ,mr4 ,hirl+ & ,mr4 ,t]ry 7 f9$ #ijl4 ea* = sell+ spuri\s c(fee4 ,! adult]ation ( gr\nd c(fee1 ) pease & beans1 is beyond ! rea* ( *emical analysis2 b x may1 p]haps1 n be amiss on ?is occasion to give to our read]s a piece ( advice giv5 by a retir$ groc] to a fri5d1 at no di/ant p]iod3--,nev]1 my good fell[1 he said1 pur*ase f a groc] any ?+ :i* passes ?r\gh 8 mill4 ,y "k n :at y get in/ead ( ! article y expect to receive--c(fee1 pepp]1 & all-spice1 are all mix$ ) sub/ances :i* detract f _! own natural qualities4--,p]sons keep+ mills ( _! own c at all times prev5t ^! impositions4 ,adult]ation ( ,br&y1 ,rum1 & ,g94 ,by ! ,excise laws at pres5t exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! v>i\s degrees ( /r5g? ( br&y1 rum1 arrack1 g91 :iskey1 & o!r spirit\s liquors1 *iefly compos$ ( little else ?an _s ( w9e1 are det]m9$ by ! quantity ( alcohol ( a giv5 specific gravity conta9$ 9 ! spirit\s liquors ( a suppos$ unkn[n /r5g?4 ,! great public importance ( ?is subject 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e ! consumption ( spirit\s liquors adds a va/ sum to ! public rev5ue1 has be5 ! means ( in/itut+ _m v int]e/+ s]ies ( exp]im5ts on ?is subject4 ,! in/rum5t us$ = t purpose by ! ,cu/oms & (fic]s ( ,excise1 is call$ ,sikes's hydromet]1#hh :i* has n[ sup]s$$ ! in/rum5t call$ ,cl>k's hydromet]1 h]et(ore 9 use4 ,! specific gravity or /r5g? ( ! legal /&>d _s ( ! ,excise1 is te*nically call$ pro( or pro( _s4 ,?is liquor 7n be+ _s sweet5$1 or hav+ any +r$i5t dissolv$ 9 x1 to defeat ! /r5g? !re(17 at ! temp]ature ( #eg ,faht4 weighs exactly #ab_/ac? p>ts ( an equal measure ( di/ill$ wat]2 & ) ?is _s ! /r5g? ( all o!r spirit\s liquors are comp>$ accord+ to law4 ,! /r5g? ( _s /rong] ?an pro( or ov] pro(1 z x is t]m$ by ! rev5ue (fic]s1 is indicat$ by ! bulk ( wat] necess>y to r$uce a giv5 volume ( x1 to ! legal /&>d _s1 d5om9at$ pro(--namely2 if "o gallon ( wat] be requir$ to br+ tw5ty gallons ( br&y1 rum1 or any o!r _s1 to pro(1 t _s is said to be #a to #bj ov] pro(4 ,if "o gallon ( wat] be requir$ to br+ #ae1 #aj1 #e1 or #b gallons ( ! liquor to pro(1 x is said to be #a to #ae1 #a to #aj1 #a to #e1 & #a to #b1 ov] pro(4 ,! /r5g? ( br&y1 rum1 arrack1 g91 or o!r spirit\s liquors1 weak] ?an pro(1 or "u pro(1 is e/imat$ by ! quantity ( wat] :i* w\ld be necess>y to ab/ract or br+ ! _s up to pro(4 ,?us1 if f tw5ty gallons ( br&y "o gallon ( wat] mu/ be ab/ract$ to br+ x to pro(1 x is said to be #a 9 #bj "u pro(4 ,if f #ae1 #aj1 #e1 or #b gallons ( ! liquor1 #a gallon ( wat] mu/ be ab/ract$ to br+ x to pro(1 x is said to be #a 9 #ae1 #a 9 #aj1 #a 9 #e1 & #a 9 #b "u pro(4 ,x is necess>y to und]/& ?is absurd language1 :i* is 9 use among/ ! (fic]s ( ,excise & deal]s 9 _s1 9 ord] to "k :at is meant 9 comm]ce by ! /r5g? ( spirit\s liquors ( diff]5t d5om9ations4 ,& h5ce1 = ! bus9ess ( ! exciseman1 a table has be5 con/ruct$1 express+ ! /r5g? or specific gravity ( mixtures ( diff]5t proportions ( _s & wat]1 at diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature2 & accord+ to ?is table ! duty on _s is n[ levi$4 ,br&y & rum is seizable1 if sold by1 or f\nd 9 ! possession (1 ! deal]1 unless x possesses a c]ta9 /r5g?4#hi ,! foll[+ are ! words ( ! ,act3 ,no di/ill]1 rectifi]1#ij comp\nd] or deal]1 %all s]ve or s5d out any =eign spirits1 ( a l[] /r5g? ?an t ( #a 9 #f "u hydromet] pro(1#ia nor h 9 8 possession any =eign spirits mix$ toge!r1 except %rub1 *]ry or raspb]ry br&y1 ( l[] /r5g? ?an z a=esaid1 ^u pa9 ( su* spirits be+ =feit$2 & su* spirits1 ) ! casks & vessels conta9+ ! same1 may be seiz$ by any (fic] ( ,excise4 ,we h1 !re=e1 a ready *eck aga9/ ! frauds ( ! di%one/ deal]s1 9 spirit\s liquors4 ,if ! _s m]*ant engages to deliv] a liquor ( a c]ta9 /r5g?1 ! hydromet] is by f> ! mo/ easy & exp$iti\s *eck t c be adopt$ to gu>d aga9/ frauds ( receiv+ a weak] liquor = a /rong] "o2 & to ^? individuals :o are 9 ! habit ( pur*as+ l>ge quantities ( br&y1 rum1 or o!r spirit\s liquors1 ! hydromet] r5d]s ! greate/ s]vice4 ,= x is by no means an uncommon occurr5ce to meet ) br&y1 rum1 & o!r spirit\s liquors1 ( a specific gravity v mu* bel[ ! pret5d$ /r5g? :i* ! liquor ought to possess4 ,! foll[+ advice1 giv5 to 8 read]s1#ib by ! au?or ( a ,treatise on ,brew+ & ,di/ill+1 may s]ve to put ! unw>y on _! gu>d aga9/ "s ( ! frauds practis$ by m]c5>y deal]s4 ,x is a cu/om among retail+ di/ill]s1 :i* ,i h n tak5 notice ( 9 ?is directory1 to put "o-?ird or "o-f\r? "p ( pro( molasses br&y1 proportionably1 to :at rum !y dispose (2 :i* _c be di/+ui%$1 b by an extraord9>y palate1 & does n at all less5 ! body or pro( ( ! goods2 b makes !m ab\t two %ill+s a gallon *eap]2 & mu/ be well mix$ & incorporat$ toge!r 9 y\r retail+ cask2 b y %\ld keep "s ( ! be/ rum1 n adult]at$1 to please "s cu/om]s1 ^: judgm5t & palate mu/ be hum\r$4 ,:5 y are to draw a sample ( goods to %ew a p]son t has judgm5t 9 ! pro(1 d n draw y\r goods into a phial to be ta/$1 or make exp]im5t ( ! /r5g? !re( t way1 because ! pro( w n hold except ! goods be exce$+ly /rong2 b draw ! patt]n ( goods r into a glass f ! cock1 to run v small1 or r draw (f a small quantity into a little pewt] pot & p\r x into y\r glass1 ext5d+ y\r pot z high above ! glasses z y c )\t wa/+ x1 :i* makes ! goods c>ry a bett] head abundantly1 ?an if ! same goods 7 to be put & tri$ 9 a phial4 ,y mu/ be s prud5t z to make a di/9ction ( ! p]sons y h to deal )2 :at goods y sell to g5tlem5 = _! own use1 :o require a great deal ( att5dance1 & z mu* = "t ( paym5t1 y mu/ take a consid]ably great] price ?an ( o!rs2 :at goods y sell to p]sons :]e y believe !re is a manife/1 or at lea/ "s haz>d ( y\r money1 y may safely sell = m ?an common pr(it2 :at goods y sell to ! poor1 especially m$ic9ally1 7z _m ( y\r goods are sanative17 be z compassionate z ! cases require4 ,all br&ies1 :e!r ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 or ,engli%2 be+ pro( goods1 w admit ( "o po9t ( liquor#ic to ea* gallon1 to be made up & incorporat$ !re) 9 y\r cask1 = retail1 or sell+ small] quantities2 & all p]sons t insi/ ^u hav+ pro( goods1 :i* n "o 9 tw5ty und]/&s1 y mu/ supply out ( :at goods are n s r$uc$1 ?\gh at a high] price4 ,su* is ! advice giv5 by ,mr4 ,%annon4 ,! mode ( judg+ by ! ta/e ( spirit\s liquors is deceitful4 ,a false /r5g? is giv5 to a weak liquor1 by infus+ 9 x acrid vegetable sub/ances1 or by add+ to x a t9cture ( gra9s ( p>adise & ,gu9ea pepp]4 ,^! sub/ances imp>t to weak br&y or rum1 an extremely hot & pung5t ta/e4 ,br&y & rum is also frequ5tly sophi/icat$ ) ,briti% molasses1 or sug>-_s1 col\r$ ) burnt sug>4 ,! flav\r :i* *>act]ises ,fr5* br&y1 & :i* is ow+ to a small portion ( a peculi> ess5tial oil conta9$ 9 x1 is imitat$ by di/ill+ ,briti% molasses-_s ov] w9e lees2#id b ! _s1 prior to be+ di/ill$ ov] w9e lees1 is previ\sly depriv$1 9 "p1 ( its peculi> disagreeable flav\r1 by rectification ov] fre% burnt *>coal & quick-lime4 ,o!r br&y-m]*ants employ a _s obta9$ f rais9 w9e1 :i* is suff]$ to pass into an incipi5t ascesc5cy4 ,! _s ?us procur$ p>takes /rongly ( ! flav\r :i* is *>act]i/ic to =eign br&y4 ,oak saw-du/1 & a spirit\s t9cture ( rais9 /ones1 are likewise us$ to imp>t to new br&y & rum a ripe ta/e1 resembl+ br&y or rum long kept 9 oak5 casks1 & a some:at oily consi/5ce1 s z to =m a durable fro? at its surface1 :5 /rongly agitat$ 9 a vial4 ,! col\r+ sub/ances are burnt sug>1 or molasses2 ! latt] gives to imitative br&y a lusci\s ta/e1 & fulness 9 ! m\?4 ,^! prop]ties are said to r5d] x p>ticul>ly fit = ! retail ,london cu/om]s4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od ( comp\nd+ or mak+ up1 z x is te*nically call$1 br&y#ie = retail3 ,gallons ,to t5 pun*eons ( br&y #ajha ,add flav\r$ rais9 _s #aah ,t9cture ( gra9s ( p>adise #d ,*]ry laurel wat] #b ,_s ( almond cakes #b ------- #abjg ,add also #aj h&fuls ( oak saw-du/2 & give x complexion ) burnt sug>4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,! ,,adult]ations ,,( ,,br&y1 ,,rum1 ,,& ,,malt ,,_s4 ,! false /r5g? ( br&y or rum is r5d]$ obvi\s by dilut+ ! suspect$ liquor ) wat]2 ! acrimony ( ! capsicum1 & gra9s ( p>adise1 or pepp]1 may !n be readily discov]$ by ! ta/e4 ,! adult]ation ( br&y ) ,briti% molasses1 or sug>-_s1 becomes evid5t by rubb+ a portion ( ! suspect$ br&y betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&s2 ! _s1 z x evaporates1 leaves ! disagreeable flav\r :i* is peculi> to all ,briti% spirits4 ,or ! liquor may be depriv$ ( its alcohol1 by heat+ a portion 9 a spoon ov] a c&le1 till ! vap\r ceases to cat* fire on ! approa* ( a light$ tap]4 ,! residue ?us obta9$1 ( g5u9e ,fr5* br&y1 possesses a v9\s od\r1 /ill resembl+ ! orig9al flav\r ( ! br&y1 :il/ ! residue1 produc$ f sophi/icat$ br&y1 has a peculi>ly disagreeable smell1 resembl+ g91 or ! brea? ( habitual drunk>ds4 ,arrack is co>sely imitat$ by add+ to rum a small quantity ( pyroligne\s acid & "s fl[]s 7acid7 ( b5zoe4 ,! comp\nd ?us produc$1 h[ev]1 mu/ be pron\nc$ a bad "o4 ,! au?or ( a v popul> ,cook]y ,book1#if directs two scruples ( b5zoic acid to be dissolv$ 9 "o qu>t ( rum1 to make mock arrack4 ,,malt ,,_s4 ,malt _s1 or g91 ! fav\rite liquor ( ! l[] ord] ( p1 :i* is *>act]is$ by ! peculi> flav\r ( junip] b]ries1 ov] :i* ! raw _s is di/ill$1 is usually obta9$ f a mixture ( malt & b>ley3 sometimes bo? molasses & corn are employ$1 p>ticul>ly if !re be a sc>city ( gra94 ,b ! flav\r ( :iskey1 :i* is made f b>ley & oats1 is ow+ to ! malt$ gra9 be+ dri$ ) peat1 ! smoke ( :i* gives x ! *>act]i/ic ta/e4 ,! malt di/ill] is n all[$ to furni%1 "u a heavy p5alty1 any crude or raw _s to ! rectifi] or manufactur] ( g91 ( a great] /r5g? ?an sev5 p] c5t4 ov] pro(4 ,! rectifi] :o receives ! _s f ! malt di/ill] is n all[$1 "u a c]ta9 p5alty1 to sweet5 ! liquor ) sug> or o!r sub/ances2 nor is he p]mitt$ to s5d out ! _s to 8 cu/om]s b ( a c]ta9 /r5g?1 z is obvi\s f ! foll[+ words ( ! ,act3 ,no rectifi] or comp\nd] %all sell or s5d out any ,briti% br&y1 ,briti% rectifi$ spirits1 ,briti% comp\nds1 or o!r ,briti% spirits1 ( great] /r5g? ?an t ( "o 9 five "u hydromet] pro(#ig3 & if he %all sell & s5d out any su* spirits ( a great] /r5g? ?an t ( "o 9 five "u hydromet] pro(1 su* spirits1 ) ! casks or vessels conta9+ ! same1 %all be =feit$1 & may be seiz$ by any (fic] ( ,excise2 & he %all also =feit treble ! value ( su* _s1 or #ejl4 at ! election ( ! ,k+'s attorney-g5]al1 or ! p]son :o %all sue = ! same2 ! s+le value ( su* spirits to be e/imat$ at ! highe/ ,london ,price4#ih ,if we exam9e g91 z retail$1 we %all soon be conv9c$ t x is a cu/om1 pretty preval5t among/ deal]s1 to weak5 ?is liquor consid]ably ) wat]1 & to sweet5 x ) sug>4 ,?is fraud may readily be detect$ by evaporat+ a quantity ( ! liquor 9 a table-spoon ov] a c&le1 to dryness2 ! sug> w ?us be r5d]$ obvi\s1 9 ! =m ( a gum-l sub/ance1 :5 ! _s is volatilis$4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty gallons ( g5u9e g91 z obta9$ f ! :olesale manufactories1 are usually made up by fraudul5t retail]s1 into a saleable commodity1 ) f\rte5 gallons ( wat] & tw5ty-six p\nds ( sug>4 ,n[ ?is dilution ( ! liquor produces a turbidness2 because ! oil ( junip] & o!r flav\r+ sub/ances :i* ! _s holds 9 solution1 become precipitat$ by virtue ( ! wat]1 & ?us cause ! liquor to assume an opal9e col\r3 & ! _s ?us weak5$1 _c readily be r5d]$ cle> aga9 by subsid5ce4 ,sev]al exp$i5ts are _h rec\rse to1 to cl>ify ! liquor 9 an exp$iti\s mann]2 "s ( :i* are h>mless2 o!rs are crim9al1 because !y r5d] ! liquor poison\s4 ,"o ( ! me?ods1 :i* is innoc5t1 consi/s 9 add+ to ! weak5$ liquor1 fir/1 a portion ( alum dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & !n a solution ( sub-c>bonate ( pota%4 ,! :ole is /irr$ toge!r1 & left undi/urb$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! precipitat$ alum9e ?us produc$ f ! alum1 by virtue ( ! sub-c>bonate ( pota%1 acts z a /ra9] ^u ! milky liquor1 & c>ries d[n ) x ! f9ely divid$ oily matt] :i* produc$ ! blue col\r ( ! dilut$ liquor4 ,roa*1 or ,roman alum1 is also employ$1 )\t any o!r addition1 = cl>ify+ spirit\s liquors4 ,to r$uce unsweet5$ ,g94#ii ,a tun ( f9e g9 #beb gallons ,wat] #cf ----- ,:i* add$ toge!r make #bhh gallons ,! doctor is n[ put on1 & x is fur!r r$uc$ ) wat] #ai ----- ,:i* gives ,total #cjg gallons ( g94 ,?is done1 let #a lb4 ( alum be j cov]$ ) wat]1 & dissolv$ by boil+2 rummage ! :ole well toge!r1 & p\r 9 ! alum1 & ! :ole w be f9e 9 a few h\rs4 ,to prep>e & sweet5 ,briti% ,g94#ajj ,get f y\r di/ill] an empty pun*eon or cask1 :i* w conta9 ab\t #acc gallons4 ,!n take a cask ( cle> rectifi$ spirits1 #abj gallons1 ( ! usual /r5g? z rectifi]s sell _! goods at1 put ! #abj gallons ( spirits into y\r empty cask4 ,!n take a qu>t] ( an ounce ( oil ( vitriol1 half an ounce ( oil ( almonds1 a qu>t] ( an ounce ( oil ( turp5t9e1 "o ounce ( oil ( junip] b]ries1 half a p9t ( _s ( w9e1 & half a p\nd ( lump sug>4 ,beat or rub ! above 9 a mort>4 ,:5 well rubb$ toge!r1 h ready prep>$ half a gallon ( lime wat]1 "o gallon ( rose wat]2 mix ! :ole 9 ei!r a pail1 or cask1 ) a /ick1 till e p>ticle %all be dissolv$2 !n add to ! =ego+1 tw5ty-five p\nds ( sug> dissolv$ 9 ab\t n9e gallons ( ra9 or ,?ames wat]1 or wat] t has be5 boil$1 mix ! :ole well toge!r1 & /ir !m c>efully ) a /ick 9 ! #acc gallons cask4 ,to =ce d[n ! same1 take & boil eight ounces ( alum 9 ?ree qu>ts ( wat]1 = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r2 take x f ! fire1 & dissolve by degrees six or sev5 ounces ( salt ( t>t>4 ,:5 ! same is milk-w>m p\r x into y\r g91 & /ir x well toge!r1 z be=e1 = five m9utes1 ! same z y w\ld a butt ( be] newly f9$4 ,let y\r cask /& z y mean to draw x4 ,at e "t y purpose to sweet5 aga91 t cask mu/ be well wa%$ out2 & take great c>e nev] to %ake y\r cask all ! :ile x is draw+4 ,ano!r me?od ( f9+ spirit\s liquors1 consi/s 9 add+ to x1 fir/1 a solution ( sub-acetate ( lead1 & !n a solution ( alum4 ,?is practice is highly dang]\s1 because "p ( ! sulphate ( lead produc$1 rema9s dissolv$ 9 ! liquor1 :i* x ?us r5d]s poison\s4 ,un=tunately1 ?is me?od ( cl>ify+ spirit\s liquors1 ,i h good reason to believe1 is m frequ5tly practis$ ?an ! prec$+ me?od1 because its action is m rapid2 & x imp>ts to ! liquor a f9e complexion1 or great refractive p[]2 h5ce "s ve/iges ( lead may (t5 be detect$ 9 malt _s4 ,! weak5$ _s is !n sweet5$ ) sug>1 &1 to cov] ! raw ta/e ( ! malt _s1 false /r5g? is giv5 to x ) gra9s ( p>adise1 ,gu9ea pepp]1 capsicum1 & o!r acrid & aromatic sub/ances4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,detect+ ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,,lead ,,9 ,,spirit\s ,,liquors4 ,! pres5ce ( lead may be detect$ 9 spirit\s liquors1 z /at$ on pages #gj & #hf4 ,! cordial call$ %rub frequ5tly exhibits ve/iges ( copp]4 ,?is contam9ation1 ,i h be5 in=m$1 is accid5tal1 & orig9ates f ! metallic vessels employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! liquor4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,! ,,quantity ,,( ,,alcohol ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,spirit\s ,,liquors4 ,! quantity ( real alcohol 9 any spirit\s liquors may readily be asc]ta9$ by simple di/illation1 :i* process sep>ates ! alcohol f ! wat] & =eign matt]s conta9$ 9 ! liquor4 ,put any quantity ( br&y1 rum1 or malt _s dilut$ ) ab\t "o-f\r? its bulk ( wat]1 into a retort fitt$ to a capaci\s receiv]1 & di/il ) a g5tle heat4 ,! /ronge/ _s di/ils ov] fir/ into ! receiv]1 & ! /r5g? ( ! obta9$ products decreases1 till at la/ x conta9s s mu* wat] z no long] to be inflammable by ! approa* ( a light$ tap]1 :5 held 9 a spoon ov] a c&le 7see p4 #afj47 ,if ! process be cont9u$1 ! di/ill$ product becomes milky1 sc>cely spirit\s to ! smell1 & ( an acidul\s ta/e4 ,! di/ill+ op]ation may !n be discont9u$4 ,if ! fir/1 f\r? or ?ird "p ( ! di/ill$ product has be5 set ap>t1 x w be f\nd a mod]ately /rong alcohol1 & ! rema9d] "o m dilut$4 ,if ! :ole di/ill$ _s be mix$ ) p]fectly dry subc>bonate ( pota%1 ! alcohol w float at ! top ( ! pota%1 z /at$1 p4 #afa2 x w sep>ate into two di/9ct fluids4 ,if ! decant$ alcohol be r$i/ill$ c>efully ) a v g5tle heat1 ov] a small portion ( dry quick lime1 or muriate ( lime1 x w be obta9$ extremely pure1 & ( a specific gravity ( ab\t #hbe1 at #fj ( temp]ature4 ,its flav\r w v>y accord+ to ! k9d ( spirit\s liquor f :i* x is obta9$4 ,table exhibit+ ! ,p] ,c5tage ( ,alcohol 7( #hbe specific gravity7 conta9$ 9 v>i\s k9ds ( spirit\s ,liquors4#aja ,proportion ( ,alcohol p] ,c5t4 by ,measure4 ,br&y1 ,cogniac1 av]age proportion ( #d samples #eb1ge ,ditto1 ,b\rdeaux1 ditto ditto #ed1ej ,ditto1 ,cette #ec1jj ,ditto1 ,naples1 av]age ( #c samples #ec1be ,ditto1 ,spani% av]age ( #f samples #eb1bh ,rum #ec1fh ,ditto1 ,leew>d1 av]age ( #i samples #ec1jj ,scot* ,:iskey1 av]age ( #f samples #ec1ej ,iri% ,ditto1 av]age ( #d samples #ed1be ,arrack1 ,batavia #di1ej ,dut* ,g5eva #eb1be ,g9 7,hodges's1#ajb7 #c samples1 procur$ f retail deal]s #dh1be ,ditto 7,ditto17#ajb procur$ f ! manufactur] #eb1ce ,,footnotes3 #hh ,george ,,iii4 c4 xxviii4 ,may #ahah--;,an ,act = e/abli%+ ! use ( ,sikes's hydromet] 9 asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? ( _s1 in/ead ( ,cl>k's hydromet]4 #hi ,sixte5 & a half p] c5t4 pro(1 accord+ to ,sikes's hydromet]4 #ij #cj ,geo4 ,,iii c4 #cg1 #ca4 #ia ,accord+ to ,cl>ke's hydromet]4 #ib ,obs]vations on ,malt$ & ,unmalt$ ,corn1 connect$ ) ,brew+ & ,di/ill+1 p4 #afg2 & ,%annon on ,brew+ & ,di/ill+1 p4 #bcb1 #bcc4 #ic ,wat]4 #id ,?is op]ation =ms "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! s-call$ brew]s' druggi/s4 ,x =ms ! article 9 _! ,price ,curr5ts1 call$ ,_s ,flav\r4 ,w9e lees are import$ 9 ?is c\ntry = t purpose3 !y pay ! same duty z =eign w9es4 #ie ,obs]vations on ,malt$ & ,unmalt$ ,corn1 connect$ ) ,brew+ & ,di/ill+1 p4 #afg4 #if ,apicius ,r$ivivus1 #b;d edition1 p4 #dhj4 #ig ,cl>k's hydromet]4 #ih #cj ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #cg1 #f4 #ii ,%annon on ,brew+ & ,di/ill+1 p4 #aih4 #ajj ,ibid4 p4 #aii4 #aja ,repository ( ,arts1 p4 #cej1 ,dec4 #ahai4 #ajb ,own exp]im5t4 ,poison\s ,*eese4 ,sev]al in/ances h come "u my notice 9 :i* ,gl\ce/] *eese has be5 contam9at$ ) r$ lead1 & has produc$ s]i\s consequ5ces on be+ tak5 into ! /oma*4 ,9 "o poison\s sample :i* x fell to my lot to inve/igate1 ! evil _h be5 caus$ by ! sophi/ication ( ! anotta1 employ$ = col\r+ *eese4 ,?is sub/ance 0 f\nd to conta9 a portion ( r$ lead2 a me?od ( sophi/ication :i* has lately be5 confirm$ by ! foll[+ fact1 communicat$ to ! public by ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 ( ,cambridge4#ajc ,z a /rik+ example ( ! ext5t to :i* adult]at$ articles ( food may be unconsci\sly diffus$1 & ( ! consequ5t difficulty ( detect+ ! real fabricators ( !m1 x may n be un9t]e/+ to relate to y\r read]s1 ! v>i\s /eps by :i* ! fraud ( a poison\s adult]ation ( *eese 0 trac$ to its s\rce4 ,y\r read]s ought "h to be told1 t sev]al in/ances are on record1 t ,gl\ce/] & o!r *eeses h be5 f\nd contam9at$ ) r$ lead1 & t ?is contam9ation has produc$ s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,9 ! in/ance n[ allud$ to1 & probably 9 all o!r cases1 ! delet]i\s mixture _h be5 caus$ ignorantly1 by ! adult]ation ( ! anotta employ$ = col\r+ ! *eese4 ,?is sub/ance1 9 ! in/ance ,i %all relate1 0 f\nd to conta9 a portion ( r$ lead2 a species ( adult]ation :i* subsequ5t exp]im5ts h %ewn to be by no means uncommon4 ,be=e ,i proce$ fur!r to trace ?is fraud to its s\rce1 ,i %all briefly relate ! circum/ance :i* gave rise to its detection4 ,a g5tleman1 :o _h occasion to reside = "s "t 9 a city 9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 0 "o night seiz$ ) a di/ress+ b indescribable pa9 9 ! region ( ! abdom5 & ( ! /oma*1 accompani$ ) a feel+ ( t5sion1 :i* occasion$ mu* re/lessness1 anxiety1 & repugnance to food4 ,he began to appreh5d ! access ( an inflammatory disord]2 b 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! symptoms entirely subsid$4 ,9 f\r days aft]w>ds he exp]i5c$ an attack precisely simil>2 & he !n recollect$1 t hav+1 on bo? occasions1 arriv$ f ! c\ntry late 9 ! ev5+1 he _h ord]$ a plate ( toa/$ ,gl\ce/] *eese1 ( :i* he _h p>tak5 he>tily2 a di% :i*1 :5 at home1 regul>ly s]v$ him = supp]4 ,he attribut$ 8 illness to ! *eese4 ,! circum/ance 0 m5tion$ to ! mi/ress ( ! inn1 :o express$ great surprise1 z ! *eese 9 "q 0 n pur*as$ f a c\ntry deal]1 b f a highly respectable %op 9 ,london4 ,he1 !re=e1 ascrib$ ! be=e-m5tion$ effects to "s peculi>ity 9 8 con/itution4 ,a few days aft]w>ds he p>took ( ! same *eese2 & he _h sc>cely retir$ to re/1 :5 a mo/ viol5t *olic seiz$ him1 :i* la/$ ! :ole night & "p ( ! ensu+ day4 ,! cook 0 n[ direct$ h5ce=? n to s]ve up any toa/$ *eese1 & he nev] aga9 exp]i5c$ ^! di/ress+ symptoms4 ,:il/ ?is matt] 0 a subject ( conv]sation 9 ! h\se1 a s]vant-maid m5tion$ t a kitt5 _h be5 viol5tly sick aft] hav+ eat5 ! r9d cut (f f ! *eese prep>$ = ! g5tleman's supp]4 ,! l&lady1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is /atem5t1 ord]$ ! *eese to be exam9$ by a *emi/ 9 ! vic9ity1 :o return$ = answ]1 t ! *eese 0 contam9at$ ) lead6 ,s unexpect$ an answ] arre/$ g5]al att5tion1 & m p>ticul>ly z ! suspect$ *eese _h be5 s]v$ up = sev]al o!r cu/om]s4 ,application 0 !re=e made by ! ,london deal] to ! f>m] :o manufactur$ ! *eese3 he decl>$ t he _h b\ght ! anotta ( a m]cantile travell]1 :o _h suppli$ him & 8 neighb\rs = ye>s ) t commodity1 )\t giv+ occasion to a s+le compla9t4 ,on subsequ5t inquiries1 ?r\gh a circuit\s *annel1 unnecess>y to be detail$ "h at l5g?1 on ! "p ( ! manufactur] ( ! *eese1 x 0 f\nd1 t z ! supplies ( anotta _h be5 defective & ( inf]ior quality1 rec\rse _h be5 _h to ! exp$i5t ( col\r+ ! commodity ) v]milion4 ,ev5 ?is admixture c\ld n be consid]$ delet]i\s4 ,b on fur!r application be+ made to ! druggi/ :o sold ! article1 ! answ] 01 t ! v]milion _h be5 mix$ ) a portion ( r$ lead2 & ! deception 0 held to be p]fectly innoc5t1 z frequ5tly practis$ on ! supposition1 t ! v]milion w\ld be us$ only z a pigm5t = h\se-pa9t+4 ,?us ! druggi/ sold 8 v]milion 9 ! regul> way ( trade1 adult]at$ ) r$ lead to increase 8 pr(it1 )\t any suspicion ( ! use to :i* x w\ld be appli$2 & ! pur*as] :o adult]at$ ! anotta1 presum+ t ! v]milion 0 g5u9e1 _h no hesitation 9 height5+ ! col\r ( 8 spuri\s anotta ) s h>mless an adjunct4 ,?us1 ?r\gh ! circuit\s & div]sifi$ op]ations ( comm]ce1 a portion ( deadly poison may f9d admission into ! necess>ies ( life1 9 a way :i* c atta* no crim9ality to ! p>ties ?r\gh ^: h&s x has successively pass$4 ,?is dang]\s sophi/ication may be detect$ by mac]at+ a portion ( ! suspect$ *eese 9 wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 acidulat$ ) muriatic acid2 :i* w in/antly cause ! *eese to assume a br[n or black col\r1 if ! m9ute/ portion ( lead be pres5t4 ,,footnotes3 #ajc ,repository ( ,arts1 vol4 viii4 ,no4 #dg1 p4 #bfb4 ,c\nt]feit ,pepp]4 ,black pepp] is ! fruit ( a %rubby creep+ plant1 :i* gr[s wild 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & is cultivat$1 ) mu* advantage1 = ! sake ( its b]ries1 9 ,java & ,malab>4 ,! b]ries are ga!r$ be=e !y are ripe1 & are dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,!y become black & corrugat$ on ! surface4 ,?is factiti\s pepp]-corns h ( late be5 detect$ mix$ ) g5u9e pepp]1 is a fact suffici5tly kn[n4#ajd ,su* an adult]ation may prove1 9 _m in/ances ( h\sehold economy1 exce$+ly vexati\s & prejudicial to ^? :o ignorantly make use ( ! spuri\s article4 ,i h exam9$ l>ge packages ( bo? black & :ite pepp]1 by ord] ( ! ,excise1 & h f\nd !m to conta9 ab\t #af p] c5t4 ( ?is artificial comp\nd4 ,! spuri\s pepp] is made up ( oil cakes 7! residue ( l9tse$1 f :i* ! oil has be5 press$17 common clay1 & a portion ( ,cay5ne pepp]1 =m$ 9 a mass1 & granulat$ by be+ fir/ press$ ?r\gh a sieve1 & !n roll$ 9 a cask4 ,! mode ( detect+ ! fraud is easy4 ,x is only necess>y to ?r[ a sample ( ! suspect$ pepp] into a b[l ( wat]2 ! artificial pepp]-corns fall to p[d]1 :il/ ! true pepp] rema9s :ole4 ,gr\nd pepp] is v (t5 sophi/icat$ by add+ to a portion ( g5u9e pepp]1 a quantity ( pepp] du/1 or ! sweep+s f ! pepp] w>eh\ses1 mix$ ) a little ,cay5ne pepp]4 ,! sweep+s are kn[n1 & pur*as$ 9 ! m>ket1 "u ! "n ( ,p4 ,d4 signify+ pepp] du/4 ,an inf]ior sort ( ?is vile refuse1 or ! sweep+s ( ,p4 ,d4 is di/+ui%$ among v5d]s by ! abbreviation ( ,d4 ,p4 ,d4 d5ot+1 du/ 7dirt7 ( pepp] du/4 ,! adult]ation ( pepp]1 & ! mak+ & sell+ commodities 9 imitation ( pepp]1 are prohibit$1 "u a sev]e p5alty4 ,! foll[+ are ! words ( ! ,act3#aje ,& :]eas commodities made 9 imitation ( pepp] h ( late be5 sold & f\nd 9 ! possession ( v>i\s deal]s 9 pepp]1 & o!r p]sons 9 ,great ,brita92 be x !re=e enact$1 t f & aft] ! said #e? day ( ,july1 #ahai1 if any commodity or sub/ance %all be prep>$ by any p]son 9 imitation ( pepp]1 %all be mix$ ) pepp]1 or sold or deliv]$ z & =1 or z a sub/itute =1 pepp]1 or if any su* commodity or sub/ance1 alone or mix$1 %all be kept = sale1 sold1 or deliv]$1 or %all be (f]$ or expos$ to sale1 or %all be 9 ! cu/ody or possession ( any deal] or sell] ( pepp]1 ! same1 toge!r ) all pepp] ) :i* ! same %all be mix$1 %all be =feit$1 ) ! packages conta9+ ! same1 & %all & may be seiz$ by any (fic] ( excise2 & ! p]son prep>+1 manufactur+1 mix+ z a=esaid1 sell+1 expos+ to sale1 or deliv]+ ! same1 or hav+ ! same 9 81 h]1 or _! cu/ody or possession1 %all =feit ! sum ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,,:ite ,,pepp]4 ,! common :ite pepp] is factiti\s1 be+ prep>$ f ! black pepp] 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,! pepp] is fir/ /eep$ 9 sea wat] & ur9e1 & !n expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun = sev]al days1 till ! r9d or out] b>k loos5s2 x is !n tak5 out ( ! /eep1 &1 :5 dry1 x is rubb$ ) ! h& till ! r9d falls (f4 ,! :ite fruit is !n dri$1 & ! rema9s ( ! r9d bl[n away l *aff4 ,a great deal ( ! peculi> flav\r & pung5t hot ta/e ( ! pepp] is tak5 (f by ?is process4 ,:ite pepp] is always inf]ior 9 flav\r & quality to ! black pepp]4 ,h[ev]1 !re is a sort ( native :ite pepp]1 produc$ on a species ( ! pepp] plant1 :i* is mu* bett] ?an ! factiti\s1 & inde$ little inf]ior to ! common black pepp]4 ,,footnotes3 #ajd ,?omson's ,annals ( ,*emi/ry1 #ahaf2 also ,repository ( ,arts1 vol4 i4 #ahaf1 p4 #aa4 #aje ,george ,,iii4 c4 #ec1 #ba1 #ahai4 ,poison\s ,cay5ne ,pepp]4 ,cay5ne pepp] is an indiscrim9ate mixture ( ! p[d] ( ! dri$ pods ( _m species ( capsicum1 b especially ( ! capsicum frutesc5s1 or bird pepp]1 :i* is ! hotte/ ( all4 ,?is annual plant1 a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 is cultivat$ 9 l>ge quantities 9 our ,we/-,india isl&s1 & ev5 frequ5tly 9 our g>d5s1 = ! beauty ( its pods1 :i* are long1 po9t$1 & p5dul\s1 at fir/ ( a gre5 col\r1 &1 :5 ripe1 ( a bright orange r$4 ,!y are fill$ ) a dry loose pulp1 & conta9 _m small1 flat1 kidney-%ap$ se$s4 ,! ta/e ( capsicum is extremely pung5t & acrimoni\s1 sett+ ! m\?1 z x 71 on fire4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* its pung5cy dep5ds1 is soluble 9 wat] & 9 alcohol4 ,x is sometimes adult]at$ ) r$ lead1 to prev5t x becom+ blea*$ on exposure to light4 ,?is fraud may be readily detect$ by %ak+ up "p ( x 9 a /opp$ vial conta9+ wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* w cause x spe$ily to assume a d>k muddy black col\r4 ,or ! vegetable matt] ( ! pepp] may be de/roy$1 by ?r[+ a mixture ( "o "p ( ! suspect$ pepp] & ?ree ( nitrate ( pota% 7or two ( *lorate ( pota%7 into a r$-hot crucible1 9 small quantities at a "t4 ,! mass left beh9d may !n be dige/$ 9 weak nitric acid1 & ! solution assay$ = lead by wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,poison\s ,pickles4 ,vegetable sub/ances1 pres]v$ 9 ! /ate call$ pickles1 by means ( ! antiseptic p[] ( v9eg>1 ^: sale frequ5tly dep5ds greatly ^u a f9e lively gre5 col\r2 & ! consumption ( :i*1 by sea-f>+ p 9 p>ticul>1 is prodigi\s1 are sometimes int5tionally col\r$ by means ( copp]4 ,g]k9s1 ,fr5* beans1 samphires1 ! gre5 pods ( capsicum1 & _m o!r pickl$ vegetable sub/ances1 (t5] ?an is p]haps expect$1 are met ) impregnat$ ) ?is metal4 ,num]\s fatal consequ5ces are kn[n to h ensu$ f ! use ( ^! /imulants ( ! palate1 to :i* ! fre% & pleas+ hue has be5 imp>t$ accord+ to ! deadly =mul laid d[n 9 "s mod]n cook]y books1 su* z boil+ ! pickles ) half-p5ce1 or suff]+ !m to /& = a consid]able p]iod 9 braz5 vessels4 ,dr4 ,p]cival#ajf has giv5 an acc\nt ( a "y lady :o amus$ h]self1 :ile h] hair 0 dress+1 ) eat+ samphire pickles impregnat$ ) copp]4 ,%e soon compla9$ ( pa9 9 ! /oma*2 &1 9 five days1 vomit+ comm5c$1 :i* 0 incessant = two days4 ,aft] ?is1 h] /oma* became prodigi\sly di/5d$2 &1 9 n9e days aft] eat+ ! pickles1 dea? reliev$ h] f h] suff]+4 ,among _m recipes :i* mod]n au?ors ( cook]y books h giv5 = imp>t+ a gre5 col\r to pickles1 ! foll[+ are p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( c5sure2 & x is to be hop$ t !y w be suppress$ 9 future editions ( ! works4 ,to ,pickle ,g]k9s4#ajg--;,boil ! v9eg> 9 a bell-metal or copp] pot2 p\r x boil+ hot on y\r cucumb]s4 ,to make gre5+4#ajh--,take a bit ( v]digris1 ! bigness ( a hazel-nut1 f9ely p[d]$2 half-a-p9t ( di/ill$ v9eg>1 & a bit ( alum p[d]1 ) a little bay salt4 ,put all 9 a bottle1 %ake x1 & let x /& till cle>4 ,put a small tea-spoonful into codl+s1 or :atev] y wi% to gre54 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,raffald#aji directs1 to r5d] pickles gre51 boil !m ) halfp5ce1 or all[ !m to /& = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 copp] or brass pans4 ,to detect ! pres5ce ( copp]1 x is only necess>y to m9ce ! pickles1 & to p\r liquid ammonia1 dilut$ ) an equal bulk ( wat]1 ov] !m 9 a /opp$ phial3 if ! pickles conta9 ! m9ute/ quantity ( copp]1 ! ammonia assumes a blue col\r4 ,,footnotes3 #ajf ,m$ical ,transactions1 vol4 iv4 p4 #hj4 #ajg ,! ,ladies' ,libr>y1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bjc4 #ajh ,mod]n ,cook]y1 or ! ,engli% ,h\sewife--#b;d edition1 p4 #id4 #aji ,! ,engli% ,h\sekeep]1 p4 #ceb1 #ced4 ,adult]ation ( ,v9eg>4 ,v9eg>1 z prep>$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 f malt1 %\ld be ( a pale br[n col\r1 p]fectly transp>5t1 ( a pleasant1 some:at pung5t1 acid ta/e1 & fragrant od\r1 b )\t any acrimony4 ,f ! mucilag9\s impurities :i* malt v9eg> always conta9s1 x is apt1 on exposure to air1 to become turbid & ropy1 & at la/ vapid4 ,! inconv5i5ce is be/ obviat$ by keep+ ! v9eg> 9 bottles completely fill$ & well cork$2 & x is ( advantage to boil x 9 ! bottles a few m9utes be=e !y are cork$4 ,v9eg> is sometimes l>gely adult]at$ ) sulphuric acid1 to give x m acidity4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is acid is detect$1 if1 on ! addition ( a solution ( acetate ( b>ytes1 a :ite precipitate is =m$1 :i* is insoluble 9 nitric acid1 aft] hav+ be5 made r$-hot 9 ! fire4 7,see p4 #aei47 ,) ! same int5tion1 ( mak+ ! v9eg> appe> /rong]1 diff]5t acrid vegetable sub/ances are infus$ 9 x4 ,?is fraud is difficult ( detection2 b :5 ta/$ ) att5tion1 ! pung5cy ( su* v9eg> w be f\nd to dep5d r on acrimony ?an acidity4 ,di/ill$ v9eg>1 :i* is employ$ = v>i\s purposes ( dome/ic economy1 is frequ5tly di/ill$1 n 9 glass1 z x ought to be1 b 9 common /ills ) a pewt] pipe1 :5ce x _c fail to acquire a metallic impregnation4 ,"o ounce1 by measure1 %\ld dissolve at lea/ ?irte5 gra9s ( :ite m>ble4 ,x %\ld n =m a precipitate on ! addition ( a solution ( acetate ( b>ytes1 or ( wat] saturat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,! =m] circum/ance %ews1 t x is adult]at$ ) sulphuric acid2 & ! latt] indicates a metal4 ,! metallic impregnation is be/ r5d]$ obvi\s by sulphurett$ hydrog51 9 ! mann] /at$1 page #fi4 ,! di/ill$ v9eg> ( comm]ce usually conta9s t91 & n lead1 z has be5 ass]t$4 ,adult]ation ( ,cream4 ,cream is (t5 adult]at$ ) rice p[d] or arr[ root4 ,! =m] is frequ5tly employ$ = t purpose by pa/ry cooks1 9 fabricat+ creams & cu/>ds1 = t>ts1 & o!r k9ds ( pa/ry4 ,! latt] is (t5 us$ 9 ! ,london dairies4 ,arr[-root is pref]able to rice p[d]2 =1 :5 conv]t$ ) milk into a ?ick mucilage by a g5tle ebullition1 x imp>ts to cream1 previ\sly dilut$ ) milk1 a consi/5ce & app>5t ri*ness1 by no means unpalatable1 )\t mat]ially impair+ ! ta/e ( ! cream4 ,! arr[-root p[d] is mix$ up ) a small quantity ( cold skimm$ milk into a p]fect1 smoo?1 uni=m mixture2 m milk is !n add$1 & ! :ole boil$ = a few m9utes1 to effect ! solution ( ! arr[-root3 ?is comp\nd1 :5 p]fectly cold1 is mix$ up ) ! cream4 ,f #bbj to #bfj gra9s1 7or ?ree l>ge tea-spoonfuls7 ( arr[ root are add$ to "o p9t ( milk2 & "o "p ( ?is solution is mix$ ) ?ree ( cream4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to /ate t ?is sophi/ication is innocu\s4 ,! fraud may be detect$ by add+ to a tea-spoonful ( ! sophi/icat$ cream a few drops ( a solution ( iod9e 9 _s ( w9e1 :i* in/antly produces ) x a d>k blue col\r4 ,g5u9e cream acquires1 by ! addition ( ?is te/1 a fa9t yell[ t+e4 ,poison\s ,confection]y4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( sug> plums1 comfits1 & o!r k9ds ( confection]y1 especially ^? sweetmeats ( inf]ior quality1 frequ5tly expos$ to sale 9 ! op5 /reets1 = ! allurem5t ( *ildr51 ! grosse/ abuses are committ$4 ,! :ite comfits1 call$ sug> pease1 are *iefly compos$ ( a mixture ( sug>1 />*1 & ,corni% clay 7a species ( v :ite pipe-clay27 & ! r$ sug> drops are usually col\r$ ) ! inf]ior k9d ( v]milion4 ,! pigm5t is g5]ally adult]at$ ) r$ lead4 ,o!r k9ds ( sweetmeats are sometimes r5d]$ poison\s by be+ col\r$ ) prep>ations ( copp]4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,miles#aaj may be advanc$ 9 pro( ( ?is /atem5t4 ,"s "t ago1 :ile resid+ 9 ! h\se ( a confection]1 ,i notic$ ! col\r+ ( ! gre5 fancy sweetmeats be+ done by dissolv+ sap-gre5 9 br&y4 ,n[ sap-gre5 itself1 z prep>$ f ! juice ( ! buck?orn b]ries1 is no d\bt a h>mless sub/ance2 b ! manufactur]s ( ?is col\r h = _m ye>s pa/ produc$ v>i\s t9ts1 "s extremely bright1 :i* !re c be no d\bt are effect$ by add+ prep>ations ( copp]4 ,! sweetmeats :i* accompany ^! l9es y w f9d exhibit ve/iges ( be+ contam9at$ ) copp]4--,! practice ( col\r+ ^! articles ( confection]y %\ld1 !re=e1 be bani%$3 ! proprietors ( :i* are n aw>e ( ! delet]i\s quality ( ! sub/ances employ$ by !m4 ,! =eign cons]ves1 su* z small gre5 limes1 citrons1 hop-tops1 plums1 angelica roots1 c4 import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & usually sold 9 r\nd *ip boxes1 are frequ5tly impregnat$ ) copp]4 ,! adult]ation ( confitures by means ( clay1 may be detect$ by simply dissolv+ ! comfits 9 a l>ge quantity ( boil+ wat]4 ,! clay1 aft] suff]+ ! mixture to /& undi/urb$ = a few days1 w fall to ! bottom ( ! vessel2 & on decant+ ! cle> fluid1 & suff]+ ! s$im5t to become dry gradually1 x may be obta9$ 9 a sep>ate /ate4 ,if ! adult]ation has be5 effect$ by means ( clay1 ! obta9$ precipitate1 on exposure to a r$ heat 9 ! b[l ( a common tobacco-pipe1 acquires a brick h>dness4 ,! pres5ce ( copp] may be detect$ by p\r+ ov] ! comfits liquid ammonia1 :i* spe$ily acquires a blue col\r1 if ?is metal be pres5t4 ,! pres5ce ( lead is r5d]$ obvi\s by wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 acidulat$ ) muriatic acid 7see p4 #fi17 :i* assumes a d>k br[n or black col\r1 if lead be pres5t4 ,,footnotes3 #aaj ,philosoph4 ,mag4 ,no4 #beh1 vol4 #ed4 #ahai1 p4 #cag4 ,poison\s ,catsup4 ,?is article is v (t5 subject$ to "o ( ! mo/ repreh5sible modes ( adult]ation ev] devis$4 ,quantities are daily to be met )1 :i*1 on a *emical exam9ation1 are f\nd to ab\nd ) copp]4 ,inde$1 ?is condim5t is (t5 no?+ else ?an ! residue left beh9d aft] ! process employ$ = obta9+ di/ill$ v9eg>1 subsequ5tly dilut$ ) a decoction ( ! out] gre5 husk ( ! walnut1 & season$ ) all-spice1 ,cay5ne pepp]1 pim5to1 onions1 & common salt4 ,! quantity ( copp] :i* we h1 m ?an once1 detect$ 9 ?is sauce1 us$ = season+1 & :i*1 on acc\nt ( its *eapness1 is mu* resort$ to by p 9 ! l[] walks ( life1 has exce$$ ! proportion ( lead to be met ) 9 o!r articles employ$ 9 dome/ic economy4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,lewis#aaa on ?is subject1 w be suffici5t to cause ! public to be on _! gu>d4 ,be+ 9 ! habit ( frequ5tly pur*as+ l>ge quantities ( pickles & o!r cul9>y sauces1 = ! use ( my e/abli%m5t1 & also = =eign trade1 x fell lately to my lot to pur*ase f a manufactur] ( ^? commodities a quantity ( walnut catsup1 app>5tly ( an excell5t quality2 b1 to my great surprise1 ,i _h reason to believe t ! article might be contam9at$ ) "s delet]i\s sub/ance1 f circum/ances :i* happ5$ 9 my bus9ess z a tav]n keep]1 b :i* are unnecess>y to be detail$ "h2 & x 0 ?is t induc$ me to make inquiry conc]n+ ! comp\nd+ ( ! suspect$ articles4 ,! catsup be+ prep>$ by boil+ 9 a copp]1 z is usually practis$1 ! out] gre5 %ell ( walnuts1 aft] hav+ be5 suff]$ to turn black on exposure to air1 9 comb9ation ) common salt1 ) a portion ( pim5to & pepp]-du/1 9 common v9eg>1 /r5g!n$ ) "s v9eg> extract1 left beh9d z residue 9 ! /ill ( v9eg> manufactur]s2 ,i !re=e suspect$ t ! catsup might be impregnat$ ) "s copp]4 ,to conv9ce myself ( ?is op9ion4 ,i boil$ d[n to dryness a qu>t ( x 9 a /one pipk91 :i* yield$ to me a d>k br[n mass4 ,i put ?is mass into a crucible1 & kept x 9 a coal fire1 r$-hot1 till x became r$uc$ to a por\s black *>coal2 on urg+ ! heat ) a pair ( bell[s1 & /irr+ ! mass 9 ! crucible ) ! /em ( a tobacco-pipe1 x became1 aft] two h\rs' exposure to an int5se heat1 conv]t$ into a greyi%-:ite a%2 b no metal c\ld be discrim9at$ among/ x4 ,i n[ p\r$ ^u x "s aqua =tis1 :i* dissolv$ ne>ly ! :ole ( x1 ) an eff]vesc5ce2 & produc$1 aft] hav+ be5 suff]$ to /&1 to let ! insoluble portion subside1 a bright grass-gre5 solution1 ( a /rong metallic ta/e2 aft] imm]s+ into ?is solution ! blade ( a knife1 x became in/antly cov]$ ) a bright coat ( copp]4 ,! walnut catsup 0 !re=e evid5tly /rongly impregnat$ ) copp]4 ,on in=m+ ! manufactur] ( ?is fact1 he assur$ me t ! same me?od ( prep>+ ! liquor 0 g5]ally pursu$1 & t he _h manufactur$ ! article 9 a l mann] = upw>ds ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,su* is ! /atem5t ,i wi% to communicate2 & if y w all[ x a place 9 y\r ,lit]>y ,*ronicle1 x may p]haps t5d to put ! unw>y on _! gu>d aga9/ ! practice ( prep>+ ?is sauce by boil+ x 9 a copp]1 :i* c]ta9ly may contam9ate ! liquor1 & r5d] x poison\s4 ,,footnotes3 #aaa ,lit]>y ,*ronicle1 ,no4 #bd1 p4 #cgi4 ,poison\s ,cu/>d4 ,! leaves ( ! *]ry laurel1 prunus lauro-c]asus1 a poison\s plant1 h a nutty flav\r1 resembl+ t ( ! k]nels ( pea*-/ones1 or ( bitt] almonds1 :i* to mo/ palates is grateful4 ,^! leaves h = _m ye>s be5 9 use among cooks1 to communicate an almond or k]nel-l flav\r to cu/>ds1 pudd+s1 creams1 blanc-mange1 & o!r delicacies ( ! table4 ,x has be5 ass]t$1 t ! laurel poison 9 cu/>ds & o!r articles ( cook]y is1 on acc\nt ( its be+ us$ 9 v small quantities1 q h>mless4 ,to refute ?is ass]tion1 num]\s in/ances might be cit$2 &1 among !m1 a rec5t "o1 9 :i* f\r *ildr5 suff]$ mo/ sev]ely f p>tak+ ( cu/>d flav\r$ ) ! leaves ( ?is poison\s plant4 ,sev]al *ildr5 at a bo>d+-s*ool1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ri*mond1 hav+ p>tak5 ( "s cu/>d flav\r$ ) ! leaves ( ! *]ry laurel1 z is frequ5tly practis$ by cooks1 f\r ( ! poor innoc5ts 7 tak5 sev]ely ill 9 consequ5ce4 ,two ( !m1 a girl six ye>s ( age1 & a boy ( five ye>s old1 fell into a pr(\nd sleep1 out ( :i* !y c\ld n be r\s$4 ,not)/&+ ! v>i\s m$ical ex]tions us$1 ! boy rema9$ 9 a /upor t5 h\rs2 & ! girl n9e h\rs2 ! o!r two1 "o ( :i* 0 six ye>s old1 a girl1 & a girl ( sev5 ye>s1 compla9$ ( sev]e pa9s 9 ! epiga/ric region4 ,!y all recov]$1 aft] ?ree days' illness4 ,i am anxi\s to communicate to y ?is fact1 be+ conv9c$ t y\r publication is read at all ! s*ola/ic e/abli%m5ts 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,i hope y w all[ ^! l9es a corn] 9 y\r ,lit]>y ,*ronicle1 :]e !y may contribute to put ! unw>y on _! gu>d1 aga9/ ! delet]i\s effects ( flav\r+ cul9>y di%es ) t baneful h]b1 ! ,*]ry ,laurel4 ,i am1 ) respect1 y\r's1 ,sir1 ,,?omas ,,lidi>d4#aab ,:at p]son ( s5se or prud5ce1 !n1 w\ld tru/ to ! discretion ( an ignorant cook1 9 mix+ s dang]\s an +r$i5t 9 8 pudd+s & creams8 ,:o b a maniac w\ld *oose to season 8 victuals ) poison8 ,! wat] di/ill$ f *]ry laurel leaves is frequ5tly mix$ ) br&y & o!r spirit\s liquors1 to imp>t to !m ! flav\r ( ! cordial call$ noyeau1 7see also page #aie47 ,?is fluid1 ?\gh long 9 frequ5t use z a flav\r+ sub/ance1 0 n kn[n to be poison\s until ! ye> #agbh2 :5 ! sudd5 dea? ( two wom51 9 ,dubl91 aft] dr9k+ "s ( ! common di/ill$ *]ry laurel wat]1 demon/rat$ its delet]i\s nature4 ,,footnotes3 #aab ,lit]>y ,*ronicle1 ,no4 #bb1 p4 #cdh4--ahai4 ,poison\s ,an*ovy ,sauce4 ,sev]al samples :i* we h exam9$ ( ?is fi% sauce h be5 f\nd contam9at$ ) lead4 ,! mode ( prep>ation ( ?is fi% sauce1 consi/s 9 rubb+ d[n ! brok5 an*ovy 9 a mort>3 & ?is triturat$ mass1 be+ ( a d>k br[n col\r1 receives1 )\t mu* risk ( detection1 a c]ta9 quantity ( ,v5etian r$1 add$ = ! purpose ( col\r+ x1 :i*1 if g5u9e1 is an innoc5t col\r+ sub/ance2 b in/ances h occurr$ ( ?is pigm5t hav+ be5 adult]at$ ) orange lead1 :i* is no?+ else ?an a bett] k9d ( m9ium1 or r$ oxide ( lead4 ,! fraud may be detect$1 z /at$ p4 #bbi4 ,! consci5ti\s oilm51 less anxi\s ) respect to col\r1 sub/itute = ?is poison ! m h>mless pigm5t1 call$ ,arm5ian bole4 ,! foll[+ recipe = mak+ ?is fi% sauce is copi$ f ,gray's ,supplem5t to ! ,ph>macopoeias1 p4 #bda4 ,an*ovies1 #b lbs4 to #d lbs4 & a half2 pulp ?r\gh a f9e hair sieve2 boil ! bones ) common salt1 #g oz4 9 wat] #f lbs42 /ra92 add fl\r #g oz4 & ! pulp ( ! fi%2 boil2 pass ! :ole ?r\gh ! sieve2 col\r ) ,v5etian r$ to y\r fancy4 ,x %\ld produce "o gallon4 ,adult]ation ( ,loz5ges4 ,loz5ges1 p>ticul>ly ^? into ! composition ( :i* sub/ances ent] t are n soluble 9 wat]1 z g+]1 cremor t>t>1 magnesia1 c41 are (t5 sophi/icat$4 ,! adult]at+ +r$i5t is usually pipe-clay1 ( :i* a lib]al portion is sub/itut$ = sug>4 ,! foll[+ detection ( ?is fraud 0 lately made by ,dr4 ,t4 ,lloyd4#aac ,"s g+] loz5ges hav+ lately fall5 into my h&s1 ,i 0 n a little surpris$ to obs]ve1 accid5tally1 t :5 ?r[n into a coal fire1 !y suff]$ b little *ange4 ,if "o ( ! loz5ges 0 laid on a %ovel1 previ\sly made r$-hot1 x spe$ily took fire2 b1 in/ead ( burn+ ) a blaze & becom+ conv]t$ into a *>coal1 x took fire1 & burnt ) a feeble flame = sc>cely half a m9ute1 & !re rema9$ beh9d a /ony h>d sub/ance1 reta9+ ! =m ( ! loz5ge4 ,?is unexpect$ result l$ me to exam9e ^! loz5ges1 :i* 7 b\ght at a respectable *emi/'s %op 9 ! city2 & ,i soon became conv9c$1 t1 9 ! prep>ation ( !m1 a consid]able quantity ( common pipe-clay _h be5 sub/itut$ = sug>4 ,on mak+ a compla9t ab\t ?is fraud at ! %op :]e ! article 0 sold1 ,i 0 in=m$ t !re 7 two k9ds ( g+] loz5ges kept = sale1 ! "o at ?ree-p5ce ! ounce1 & ! o!r at six-p5ce p] ounce2 & t ! article furni%$ to me by mi/ake 0 ! *eap] commodity3 ! latt] 7 di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t v]um1 !y be+ compos$ ( sug> & g+] only2 b ! =m] 7 manufactur$ p>tly ( :ite ,corni% clay1 ) a portion ( sug> only1 ) g+] & ,gu9ea pepp]4 ,i 0 likewise in=m$1 t ( ,tolu loz5ges1 pepp]m9t loz5ges & g+] pe>ls1 & sev]al o!r sorts ( loz5ges1 two k9ds 7 kept2 t ! r$uc$ articles1 z !y 7 call$1 7 manufactur$ = ^? v clev] p]sons 9 _! own conceit1 :o are fond ( haggl+1 & insi/ on buy+ bett] b>ga9s ?an o!r p1 %utt+ _! eyes to ! defects ( an article1 s t !y c enjoy ! delight ( gett+ x *eap2 &1 secondly = ^? p]sons1 :o be+ b bad payma/]s1 yet1 z ! manufactur]1 = 8 own cr$it's sake1 _c *>ge m ?an ! usual price ( ! articles1 he ?9ks himself !re=e au?oris$ to adult]ate x 9 value1 to make up = ! risk he runs1 & ! long cr$it he mu/ give4 ,! comfits call$ g+] pe>ls1 are frequ5tly adult]at$ ) clay4 ,^! frauds may be detect$ 9 ! mann] /at$1 page #bbe4 ,,footnotes3 #aac ,lit]>y ,gazette1 ,no4 #adf4 ,poison\s ,olive ,oil4 ,?is commodity is sometimes contam9at$ ) lead1 because ! fruit :i* yields ! oil is submitt$ to ! action ( ! press betwe5 lead5 plates2 & x is1 moreov]1 a practice 7p>ticul>ly 9 ,spa97 to suff] ! oil to become cle> 9 lead5 ci/]ns1 be=e x is br\ght to m>ket = sale4 ,! ,fr5* & ,italian olive oil is usually free f ?is impregnation4 ,olive oil is sometimes mix$ ) oil ( poppy se$s3 b1 by expos+ ! mixture to ! freez+ temp]ature1 ! olive oil freezes1 :ile t ( ! poppy se$s rema9s fluid2 & z oils :i* freeze ) mo/ difficulty are mo/ apt to become rancid1 olive oil is det]iorat$ by ! mixture ( poppy oil4 ,good olive oil %\ld h a pale yell[ col\r1 some:at incl9+ to gre52 a bl& ta/e1 )\t smell2 & %\ld congeal at #ch ,fahr5heit4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 x is frequ5tly met ) rancid4 ,! pres5ce ( lead is detect$ by %ak+1 9 a /opp$ vial1 "o "p ( ! suspect$ oil1 ) two or ?ree p>ts ( wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,?is ag5t w r5d] ! oil ( a d>k br[n or black col\r1 if any metal1 delet]i\s to heal?1 be pres5t4 ,! practice ( keep+ ?is oil 9 pewt] or lead5 ci/]ns1 z is (t5 ! case1 is objectionable2 because ! oil acts ^u ! metal4 ,! deal]s 9 ?is commodity ass]t1 t x prev5ts ! oil f becom+ rancid3 & h5ce "s retail]s (t5 suff] a pewt] measure to rema9 imm]s$ 9 ! oil4 ,adult]ation ( ,mu/>d4 ,g5u9e mu/>d1 ei!r 9 p[d]1 or 9 ! /ate ( a pa/e ready = use1 is p]haps r>ely to be met ) 9 ! %ops4 ,! article sold "u ! "n ( g5u9e ,durham mu/>d1 is usually a mixture ( mu/>d & common :eat5 fl\r1 ) a portion ( ,cay5ne pepp]1 & a l>ge quantity ( bay salt1 made ) wat] into a pa/e1 ready = use4 ,"s manufactur]s adult]ate _! mu/>d ) radi%-se$ & pease fl\r4 ,x has (t5 be5 /at$1 t a f9e yell[ col\r is giv5 to mu/>d by means ( turm]ic4 ,we d\bt ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,! pres5ce ( ! m9ute/ quantity ( turm]ic may in/antly be detect$1 by add+ to ! mu/>d a few drops ( a solution ( pota%1 or any o!r alkali1 :i* *anges ! bright yell[ col\r1 to a br[n or deep orange t9t4 ,two ounces & a half ( ,cay5ne pepp]1 #a-a_/b lbs4 ( bay salt1 #h lbs4 ( mu/>d fl\r1 & #a-a_/b lbs4 ( :eat5 fl\r1 made into a /iff pa/e1 ) ! requisite quantity ( wat]1 9 :i* ! bay-salt is previ\sly dissolv$1 =ms ! s-call$ g5u9e ,durham mu/>d1 sold 9 pots4 ,! salt & ,cay5ne pepp] contribute mat]ially to ! keep+ ( ready-made mu/>d4 ,!re is !re=e no?+ delet]i\s 9 ! usual practice ( adult]at+ ?is commodity ( ! table4 ,! fraud only t5ds to det]iorate ! quality & flav\r ( ! g5u9e article itself4 ,adult]ation ( ,lemon ,acid4 ,x is well kn[n to e "o1 t ! express$ juice ( lemons is extremely apt to spoil1 on acc\nt ( ! sug>1 mucilage1 & extractive matt] :i* x conta9s2 & h5ce v>i\s means h be5 practis$1 ) ! int5tion ( r5d]+ x less p]i%able1 & less bulky4 ,! juice has be5 evaporat$ to ! consi/5ce ( rob2 b ?is always gives an unpleasant empyreumatic ta/e1 & does n sep>ate ! =eign matt]s1 s t x is /ill apt to spoil :5 agitat$ on bo>d ( %ip 9 tropical climates4 ,x has be5 expos$ to fro/1 & "p ( ! wat] remov$ "u ! =m ( ice2 b ?is is liable to all ! =m] objections2 &1 besides1 :]e lemons are produc$ 9 suffici5t quantity1 !re is n a suffici5t degree ( cold4 ,! addition ( a portion ( _s to ! inspissat$ juice1 sep>ates ! mucilage1 b n ! extractive matt] & ! sug>4 ,by means1 h[ev]1 ( sep>at+ ! =eign matt]s associat$ ) x1 9 ! juice1 by *emical processes unnecess>y to be detail$ "h1 citric acid is n[ manufactur$1 p]fectly pure1 & 9 a cry/allis$ =m1 & is sold "u ! "n ( concrete lemon acid4 ,9 ?is /ate x is extremely conv5i5t1 bo? = dome/ic & m$ic9al purposes4 ,"o dra*m1 :5 dissolv$ 9 "o ounce ( wat]1 is equal 9 /r5g? to a l bulk ( fre% lemon juice4 ,to communicate ! lemon flav\r1 x is only necess>y to rub a lump ( sug> on ! r9d ( a lemon to become impregnat$ ) a portion ( ! ess5tial oil ( ! fruit1 & to add ! sug> to ! lemonade1 negus1 pun*1 %rub1 jellies or cul9>y sauces1 prep>$ ) ! pure citric acid4 ,fraudul5t deal]s (t5 sub/itute ! *eap] t>t>e\s acid1 = citric acid4 ,! negus & lemonade made by ! pa/ry-cooks1 & ! liquor call$ pun*1 sold at tav]ns 9 ?is metropolis1 is usually made ) t>t>e\s acid4 ,to discrim9ate citric acid f t>t>e\s acid1 x is only necess>y to add a conc5trat$ solution ( ! suspect$ acid1 to a conc5trat$ solution ( muriate ( pota%1 tak+ c>e t ! solution ( ! acid is 9 excess4 ,if a precipitate ensues1 ! fraud is obvi\s1 because citric acid does n produce a precipitate ) a solution ( muriate or pota%4 ,or1 by add+ to a saturat$ solution ( t>trate ( pota%1 a saturat$ solution ( ! suspect$ acid1 9 excess1 :i* produces ) x an almo/ insoluble precipitate 9 m9ute granul> cry/als4 ,pure citric acid produces no su* effect :5 add$ 9 excess to t>trate ( pota%4 ,poison\s ,mu%rooms4 ,mu%rooms h be5 long us$ 9 sauces & o!r cul9>y prep>ations2 yet !re are num]\s in/ances on record ( ! delet]i\s effects ( "s species ( ^! fungi1 almo/ all ( :i* are fraught ) poison4#aad ,pl9y already exclaims aga9/ ! luxury ( 8 c\ntrym5 9 ?is article1 & wond]s :at extraord9>y pleasure !re c be 9 eat+ su* dang]\s food4#aae ,b if ! palate mu/ be indulg$ ) ^! trea*]\s luxuries1 or1 z ,s5eca calls !m1 voluptu\s poison1#aaf x is highly necess>y t ! mild eatable mu%rooms1 %\ld be ga!r$ by p]sons skilful en\gh to di/+ui% ! good f ! false1 or poison\s1 :i* is n always ! case2 nor are ! *>act]s :i* di/+ui% !m /rongly m>k$4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t is publi%$ by ,mr4 ,gl51 surgeon1 ( ,knightsbridge3 ,a poor man1 resid+ 9 ,knightsbridge1 took a walk 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 ) ! int5tion ( ga!r+ "s mu%rooms4 ,he collect$ a consid]able numb]1 &1 aft] /ew+ !m1 began to eat !m4 ,he _h f9i%$ ! :ole1 ) ! exception ( ab\t six or eight1 :51 ab\t eight or t5 m9utes f ! comm5cem5t ( 8 meal1 he 0 sudd5ly seiz$ ) a dimness1 or mi/ be=e 8 eyes1 a gidd9ess ( ! head1 ) a g5]al trembl+ & sudd5 loss ( p[]2--s mu* s1 t he ne>ly fell (f ! *air2 to ?is succe$$ loss ( recollection3 he =got :]e he 01 & all ! circum/ances ( 8 case4 ,?is deprivation soon w5t (f1 & he s f> ralli$ z to be able1 ?\gh ) difficulty1 to get up1 ) ! int5tion ( go+ to ,mr4 ,gl5 = assi/ance--a di/ance ( ab\t five hundr$ y>ds3 he _h n proce$$ m ?an half way1 :5 8 memory aga9 fail$ him2 he lo/ 8 road1 al?\gh previ\sly well acqua9t$ ) x4 ,he 0 met by a fri5d1 :o ) difficulty le>n$ 8 /ate1 & conduct$ him to ,mr4 ,gl5's h\se4 ,8 c\nt5ance betray$ great anxiety3 he reel$ ab\t1 l a drunk5 man1 & 0 greatly incl9$ to sleep2 8 pulse 0 l[ & feeble4 ,mr4 ,gl5 imm$iately gave him an emetic draught4 ,! poison _h s dim9i%$ ! s5sibility ( ! /oma*1 t vomit+ did n take place = ne> tw5ty m9utes1 al?\gh ano!r draught _h be5 exhibit$4 ,dur+ ?is int]val 8 dr[s9ess increas$ to su* a degree1 t he 0 only kept awake by oblig+ him to walk r\nd ! room ) assi/ance2 he also1 at ?is "t1 compla9$ ( di/ress+ pa9s 9 ! calves ( 8 legs4--,full vomit+ 0 at l5g? produc$4 ,aft] ! op]ation ( ! emetic1 he express$ himself g5]ally bett]1 b /ill cont9u$ dr[sy4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,mr4 ,gl5 f\nd him do+ well4 ,! foll[+ case is record$ 9 ! ,m$ical ,transactions1 vol4 ii4 ,a middle-ag$ man hav+ ga!r$ :at he call$ *ampignons1 !y 7 /ew$1 & eat5 by himself & 8 wife2 _! *ild also1 ab\t f\r ye>s old1 ate a little ( !m1 & ! sippets ( bread :i* 7 put into ! liquor4 ,)9 five m9utes aft] eat+ !m1 ! man began to />e 9 an unusual mann]1 & 0 unable to %ut 8 eyes4 ,all objects appe>$ to him col\r$ ) a v>iety ( col\rs4 ,he felt a palpitation 9 :at he call$ 8 /oma*2 & 0 s giddy1 t he c\ld h>dly /&4 ,he seem$ to himself swell$ all ov] 8 body4 ,he h>dly knew :at he did or said2 & sometimes 0 unable to speak at all4 ,^! symptoms cont9u$ 9 a great] or less degree = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 aft] :i*1 he felt little or no disord]4 ,soon aft] he p]ceiv$ himself ill1 "o scruple ( :ite vitriol 0 giv5 him1 & repeat$ two or ?ree times1 ) :i* he vomit$ pl5tifully4 ,! woman1 ag$ ?irty-n9e1 felt all ! same symptoms1 b 9 a high] degree4 ,%e totally lo/ h] voice & h] s5ses1 & 0 ei!r /upid1 or s furi\s t x 0 necess>y %e %\ld be held4 ,! :ite vitriol 0 (f]$ to h]1 ( :i* %e 0 capable ( tak+ b v little2 h[ev]1 aft] f\r or five h\rs1 %e 0 mu* recov]$3 b %e cont9u$ _m days f> f be+ well1 & f enjoy+ h] =m] heal? & /r5g?4 ,%e frequ5tly fa9t$ = ! fir/ week aft]2 & !re 01 dur+ a mon? long]1 an uneasy s5se ( heat & weight 9 h] brea/1 /oma*1 & b[els1 ) great flatul5ce4 ,h] head 01 at fir/ wak+1 mu* confus$2 & %e (t5 exp]i5c$ palpitations1 trembl+s1 & o!r hy/]ic affections1 to all :i* %e _h ev] be=e be5 a /rang]4 ,! *ild _h "s convulsive agitations ( 8 arms1 b 0 o!rwise little affect$4 ,he 0 capable ( tak+ half a scruple ( ipecacuanha1 ) :i* he vomit$1 & 0 soon p]fectly recov]$4 ,,mu%room ,,catsup4 ,! edible mu%room is ! basis ( ! sauce call$ mu%room catsup2 a great proportion ( :i* is prep>$ by g>d5]s :o gr[ ! fungi4 ,! mu%rooms employ$ = prep>+ ?is sauce are g5]ally ^? :i* are 9 a putrefactive /ate1 & n hav+ f\nd a ready sale 9 ! m>ket2 = no vegetable sub/ance is liable to s rapid a spontane\s decomposition z mu%rooms4 ,9 a few days aft] ! fungus has be5 remov$ f ! dung-b$ on :i* x gr[s1 x becomes ! habitation ( myriads ( insects2 &1 if ev5 ! saleable mu%room be att5tively exam9$1 x w frequ5tly be f\nd to sw>m ) life4 ,,footnotes3 #aad ,fungi pl]ique v55o turg5t4 ,l9n4 ,amn4 ,acad4 #aae ,qu voluptas tanta ancipitis cibi8--,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxii4 #bc4 #aaf ,s54 ,ep4 #ie4 ,poison\s ,soda ,wat]4 ,! bev]age call$ soda wat] is frequ5tly contam9at$ bo? ) copp] & lead2 ^! metals be+ l>gely employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! app>atus = prep>+ ! c>bonat$ wat]1#aag & ! great excess ( c>bonic acid :i* ! wat] conta9s1 p>ticul>ly enables x to act /rongly on ! metallic sub/ances ( ! app>atus2 a tru?1 ( :i* ! read] w f9d no difficulty 9 conv9c+ himself1 by suff]+ a /ream ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas to pass ?r\gh ! wat]4--,see p4 #gj4 ,,footnotes3 #aag ,"s manufactur]s h be5 h5ce induc$ to con/ruct ! app>atus = manufactur+ soda wat] :olly ei!r ( e>!nw>e or ( glass4 ,mr4 ,john/on1 ( ,greek ,/reet1 ,soho1 0 ! fir/ :o po9t$ out to ! public ! absolute necessity ( ?is precaution4 ,food poison$ by ,copp] ,vessels4 ,_m k9ds ( vi&s are frequ5tly impregnat$ ) copp]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! employm5t ( cook+ ut5sils made ( t metal4 ,by ! use ( su* vessels 9 dress+ food1 we are daily liable to be poison$2 z almo/ all acid vegetables1 z well z sebace\s or p+uid sub/ances1 employ$ 9 cul9>y prep>ations1 act ^u copp]1 & dissolve a portion ( x2 & too _m examples are met ) ( fatal consequ5ces hav+ ensu$ f eat+ food :i* _h be5 dress$ 9 copp] vessels n well clean$ f ! oxide ( copp] :i* !y _h contract$ by be+ expos$ to ! action ( air & moi/ure4 ,! inexcusable neglig5ce ( p]sons :o make use ( copp] vessels has be5 productive ( mortality1 s mu* m t]rible1 z !y h ex]t$ _! action on a great numb] ( p]sons at once4 ,! annals ( m$ic9e furni% too _m examples 9 support ( ?is ass]tion1 to r5d] x necess>y to insi/ m ^u x "h4 ,mr4 ,?i]y1 :o wrote a !sis on ! noxi\s quality ( copp]1 obs]ves1 t our food receives its quantity ( poison 9 ! kit*5 by ! use ( copp] pans & di%es4 ,! brew] m+les poison 9 our be]1 by boil+ x 9 copp] vessels4 ,! sug>-bak] employs copp] pans2 ! pa/ry-cook bakes our t>ts 9 copp] m\lds2 ! confection] uses copp] vessels3 ! oilman boils 8 pickles 9 copp] or brass vessels1 & v]digris is pl5tifully =m$ by ! action ( ! v9eg> ^u ! metal4 ,?\gh1 aft] all1 a s+le dose be n mortal1 yet a quantity ( poison1 h[ev] small1 :5 tak5 at e meal1 mu/ produce m fatal effects ?an are g5]ally appreh5d$2 & diff]5t con/itutions are diff]5tly affect$ by m9ute quantities ( sub/ances t act p[]fully on ! sy/em4 ,! au?or ( a tract1 entitl$1 ,s]i\s ,reflections on ! ,dang]s att5d+ ! ,use ( ,copp] ,vessels1 ass]ts t a num]\s & frightful tra9 ( diseases is occasion$ by ! poison\s effects ( p]nici\s matt] receiv$ into ! /oma* ins5sibly ) our victuals4 ,dr4 ,john/on#aah gives an acc\nt ( ! melan*oly cata/rophe ( ?ree m5 be+ poison$1 aft] excruciat+ suff]+s1 9 consequ5ce ( eat+ food cook$ 9 an unclean copp] vessel1 on bo>d ! ,cyclops frigate2 &1 besides ^!1 ?irty-?ree m5 became ill f ! same cause4 ,! foll[+ case#aai is relat$ by ,sir ,george ,bak]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,"s cyd]1 :i* _h be5 made 9 a g5tleman's family1 be+ ?\ght too s\r1 0 boil$ ) honey 9 a brew+ vessel1 ! rim ( :i* 0 capp$ ) lead4 ,all :o drank ?is liquor 7 seiz$ ) a b[el colic1 m or less viol5tly4 ,"o ( ! s]vants di$ v soon 9 convulsions2 sev]al o!rs 7 cruelly tortur$ a long "t4 ,! ma/] ( ! family1 9 p>ticul>1 not)/&+ all ! assi/ance :i* art c\ld give him1 nev] recov]$ 8 heal?2 b di$ mis]ably1 aft] hav+ almo/ ?ree ye>s langui%$ "u a mo/ t$i\s & incurable malady4 ,too mu* c>e & att5tion _c be tak5 9 pres]v+ all cul9>y ut5sils ( copp]1 9 a /ate unexceptionably fit = _! de/9$ purpose4 ,!y %\ld be frequ5tly t9n$1 & kept ?or\ghly clean1 nor %\ld any food ev] be suff]$ to rema9 9 !m = a long] "t ?an is absolutely necess>y to _! prep>ation = ! table4 ,b ! sure prev5tive ( its p]nici\s effect1 is1 to bani% copp] ut5sils f ! kit*5 altoge!r4 ,! foll[+ :olesome advice on ?is subject is giv5 to cooks by ! au?or ( an excell5t cook]y book4#abj ,/ew-pans & s\p-kettles %\ld be exam9$ e "t !y are us$2 ^!1 & _! cov]s1 mu/ be kept p]fectly clean & well t9n$1 n only on ! inside1 b ab\t a c\ple ( in*es on ! outside2 s mu* mis*ief arises f _! gett+ out ( repair2 &1 if n kept nicely t9n$1 all y\r "w w be 9 va92 ! bro?s & s\ps w look gre5 & dirty1 & ta/e bitt] & poison\s1 & w be spoil$ bo? = ! eye & palate1 & y\r cr$it w be lo/2 & z ! heal?1 & ev5 ! life1 ( ! family dep5ds ^u ?is2 ! cook may be sure h] employ] _h r pay ! t9-man's bill ?an ! doctor's4 ,! s5ate ( ,sw$51 9 ! ye> #agec1 prohibit$ copp] vessels1 & ord]$ t none b su* z 7 made ( iron %\ld be us$ 9 _! fleet & armies4 ,,footnotes3 #aah ,john/on's ,essay on ,poison1 p4 #ajb4 #aai ,m$ical ,transactions1 vol4 i4 p4 #bac4 #abj ,apicius ,r$ivivus1 p4 #ia4 ,food ,poison$ by ,lead5 ,vessels4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( food us$ 9 dome/ic economy1 are liable to become impregnat$ ) lead4 ,! glaz+ ( ! common cream-col\r$ e>!n w>e1 :i* is compos$ ( an oxide ( lead1 readily yields to ! action ( v9eg> & sal9e comp\nds2 & !re=e j>s & pots ( ?is k9d ( /one w>e1 are :olly unfit to conta9 jellies ( fruits1 m>malade1 & simil> cons]ves4 ,pickles %\ld 9 no case be deposit$ 9 cream-col\r$ glaz$ e>!nw>e4 ,! cu/om :i* /ill prevails 9 "s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry ( keep+ milk 9 lead5 vessels = ! use ( ! dairy1 is v improp]4 ,9 ,lanca%ire#aba ! dairies are furni%$ ) milk-pans made ( lead3 & :5 ,mr4 ,p>ks expo/ulat$ ) "s individuals on ! dang] ( ?is practice1 he 0 told t lead5 milk-pans ?r[ up ! cream mu* bett] ?an vessels ( any o!r k9d4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! nor? ( ,engl& x is cu/om>y = ! inn-keep]s to prep>e m9t-salad by bruis+ & gr9d+ ! vegetable 9 a l>ge wood5 b[l ) a ball ( lead ( twelve or f\rte5 p\nds weight4 ,9 ?is op]ation ! m9t is cut1 & portions ( ! lead are gr\nd (f at e revolution ( ! pond]\s in/rum5t4 ,9 ! same c\nty1 x is a common practice to h brew+-copp]s con/ruct$ ) ! bottom ( copp] & ! :ole sides ( lead4 ,! bak+ ( fruit t>ts 9 cream-col\r$ e>!nw>e1 & ! salt+ & pres]v+ ( meat 9 lead5 pans1 are no less objectionable4 ,all k9ds ( food :i* conta9 free vegetable acids1 or sal9e prep>ations1 attack ut5sils cov]$ ) a glaze1 9 ! composition ( :i* lead ent]s z a compon5t "p4 ,! lead5 b$s ( presses = squeez+ ! fruit 9 cyd] c\ntries1 h produc$ incalculable mis*ief4 ,^! consequ5ces nev] foll[1 :5 ! lead is comb9$ ) t92 because ?is metal1 be+ m eag] = oxidation1 prev5ts ! solution ( ! lead4 ,:5 we consid] ! v>i\s unsuspect$ means by :i* ! poisons ( lead & copp] ga9 admittance into ! human body1 a v common b dang]\s in/ance pres5ts itself3 namely1 ! practice ( pa9t+ toys1 made = ! amusem5t ( *ildr51 ) poison\s sub/ances1 viz4 r$ lead1 v]digris1 c4 ,*ildr5 are apt to put e ?+1 especially :at gives !m pleasure1 into _! m\?s2 ! pa9t+ ( toys ) col\r+ sub/ances t are poison\s1 ought !re=e to be aboli%$2 a practice :i* lies ! m op5 to c5sure1 z x is ( no real utility4 ,,footnotes3 #aba ,p>k's ,*emical ,essays1 vol4 v4 p4 #aic4 ,,index4 ,a ,adult]ation ( an*ovy sauce1 #bcd be]1 #aac br&y1 #ahg bread1 #ih catsup1 #bbg cay5ne pepp]1 #bae *eese1 #bjf c(fee1 #agf confection]y1 #bbd cream1 #bbb cu/>d1 #bca g91 #ahg lemon acid1 #bdc loz5ges1 #bcf malt spirits1 #aig mu/>d1 #bda olive oil1 #bci pepp]1 #baa pickles1 #bag port]1 #aac rum1 #ahg soda wat]1 #bea tea1 black1 #agc gre51 #agc v9eg>1 #agc di/ill$1 #bba w9e1 #gd ,age ( be]1 h[ fraudul5tly imitat$1 #adh ,alcohol1 quantity conta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds ( w9e1 #id malt liquors1 #abf spirit\s liquors1 #bje ,ale1 ,burton1 quantity ( _s :i* x conta9s1 #afb ,dor*e/]1 ditto ditto1 #afb ,ed9burgh1 ditto ditto1 #afb ,home-brew$ ditto ditto1 #afb ,alum1 blea*+ prop]ty 9 ! panification ( bread fl\r1 #ajd me?od ( detect+ x 9 bread1 #ajh = bright5+ muddy w9es1 #gd cl>ify+ spirit\s liquors1 #bjj adult]at+ be]1 #acd ,arrack1 imitation (1 #aif ,batavia1 quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 x1 #bje ,arr[ root1 sophi/ication (1 #bi ,b ,bak]s1 _! me?ods ( judg+ ( ! goodness ( bread fl\r1 #aaa ,be]1 adult]ation (1 #aac act prohibit+ x1 #aad me?od ( detect+ x1 #aeh ) n>cotic sub/ances1 #aej ) opium1 tobacco1 c41 #aej col\r+ (1 act prohibit+ x1 #abc head+1 composition & use (1 #acd h>d1 :at is meant by x1 #adh fraudul5t me?od ( produc+ x1 #adh half-spoil$1 fraudul5t practice ( recov]+ x1 #adi illegal sub/ances us$ = adult]at+ x1 #aca old1 :at is meant by x1 #add quantity ( _s conta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds1 #afj /rong1 adult]ation ( ) small be]1 #adj act prohibit+ x1 #adj h[ def9$ by law1 #abh /r5g? ( diff]5t k9ds1 #abe ,bilb]ries1 employ$ = col\r+ port w9e1 #gd ,bitt]n1 = adult]at+ be]1 #ah ,black ,extract1 = adult]at+ be]1 #aej ,bl&1 ,mr4 tragical cata/rophe (1 #ha ,b\quet ( high-flav\r$ w9es1 h[ produc$1 #ge ,br&y1 adult]ation (1 #ahg & me?od ( detect+ x1 #aie complexion (1 :at is meant by x1 #aie ,br&y flav\r (1 h[ imitat$1 #aic imitative1 manufacture (1 #aid me?od ( comp\nd+ = retail trade1 #aie quantity conta9$ 9 diff]5t sorts ( w9e1 #id ( alcohol conta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds (1 #bje legal /r5g?1 #aij h[ discov]$ by ! ,excise1 #ahh false /r5g?1 #aie flav\r1 imitative1 h[ produc$1 #aic ,brazil wood1 application ( = col\r+ w9e1 #gd ,bread1 adult]ation ( ) alum1 #ih me?ods ( detect+ x1 #ajh ) potatoes1 #aje goodness (1 h[ e/imat$ 9 ?is metropolis1 #ih h[ r5d]$ :ite & firm1 #ii corn1 me?od ( judg+ its goodness1 #aaj fl\r1 diff]5t sorts ( f ! same k9d ( gra91 #ii adult]ation ( ) bean fl\r1 #ii process ( mak+ five bu%els into bread1 #ajb made f new corn1 improvem5t (1 #ajg me?od ( judg+ ( goodness1 #aaj ,brew]s1 li/ (1 prosecut$ = us+ illegal sub/ances 9 _! brew+s1 #aea convict$ ( adult]at+ _! /rong be] ) table be]1 #adc ,druggi/s1 #aai prosecut$ = supply+ illegal +r$i5ts to brew]s = adult]at+ be]1 #aai ,brew]ies1 illegal sub/ances seiz$ at v>i\s1 #acf ,br[n ,/\t1 quantity ( _s conta9$ 9 x1 #abf ,c ,calcavella1 quantity ( br&y :i* x conta9s1 #ie ,c>bonate ( ammonia1 us$ by fraudul5t bak]s1 #aje ,catsup1 adult]ation (1 #bbg ,cl>et1 quantity ( br&y :i* x conta9s1 #ie ,cl>y1 us$ = flav\r+ w9e1 #ge ,*eese1 poison\s1 & me?od ( detect+ x1 #bjf ,*emi/s1 are n p]mitt$ to sell illegal +r$i5ts to brew]s = adult]at+ be]1 #aah li/ (1 convict$ ( ?is fraud1 #aai ,*]ry-laurel wat]1 dang]\s application ( = flav\r+ creams1 c41 #bca us$ 9 ! manufacture ( spuri\s w9es1 #ge 9 ! manufacture ( br&y1 #aie ,citric ,acid1 adult]ation (1 #bdd me?od ( detect+1 #bde ,cocculus indicus1 nef>i\s application ( 9 ! brew+ ( be]1 #ah e>ly law prohibit+ its application1 #aae brew]s prosecut$ = us+ x1 #aeb seizures made ( at diff]5t brew]ies1 #acf n>cotic prop]ty (1 to :at ow+1 #aec extract (1 application 9 brew+1 #acf ,c(fee1 adult]ation (1 #agf law 9 =ce aga9/ x1 #agg groc]s lately convict$ ( sell+ spuri\s1 #agf ,confection]y1 adult]ation (1 #bbd me?ods ( detect+ x1 #bbe ,cons]ves1 contam9ation ( ) copp]1 #bbf %\ld nev] be deposit$ 9 vessels glaz$ ) lead1 #beg ,con/antia1 quantity ( _s :i* x conta9s1 #id ,copp]as1 or salt ( /eel1 publicans convict$ ( mix+ x ) _! be]1 #abi seizures (1 at v>i\s brew]ies1 #acf ,cream1 adult]ation (1 & mode ( detect+ x1 #bbb ,cu/>ds1 flav\r$ ) *]ry laurel leaves1 dang]\s effects f x1 #bca ,cyd]1 melan*oly cata/rophe ( p]sons dr9k+ su* z 0 contam9at$ ) lead1 #bed ,e ,eld]-b]ries are us$ = col\r+ port w9e1 #gd fl[]s are us$ = flav\r+ insipid :ite w9es1 #ge ,entire be]1 orig9 ( its "n1 #add composition (1 #adf ,extract ( cocculus indicus is us$ by fraudul5t brew]s1 #acf ,f ,false /r5g?1 h[ giv5 to w9e & spirit\s liquors1 #ai1 #aib h[ giv5 to v9eg>1 #bbj ,flav\r ( ,fr5* br&y1 h[ imitat$1 #aid ,fl\r1 new1 ( an indiff]5t quality1 h[ r5d]$ fit = be+ made into good & :olesome bread1 #ajg diff]5t sorts1 f ! same k9d ( gra91 #ii s\r1 practice ( conv]t+ x into bread1 #aje ,food1 r5d]$ poison\s by copp] vessels1 #beb by lead5 vessels1 #beg ,fro?y head ( port]1 h[ artificially produc$1 #acc ,g ,g5eva1 ,dut*1 quantity ( alcohol :i* x conta9s1 #bje ,g91 adult]ation (1 #ahg quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 diff]5t sorts1 #bje dang]\s me?od ( cl>ify+1 #bjb legal exactm5t ( its saleable /r5g?1 #aig pro(1 :at is meant by ?is t]m1 #ahh /r5g? (1 h[ asc]ta9$ by ! ,excise1 #ahh sweet5$1 fraudul5t practice ( compos+ x = sale1 #bjj unsweet5$1 ditto ditto1 #bjj false /r5g?1 h[ giv51 #bjb ,h ,h]mitage1 quantity ( br&y :i* x conta9s1 #ie ,hops1 adult]ation (1 prohibit$ by law1 #acb its *emical action ^u be]1 #acc ,hydromet]1 legal1 n[ 9 use = asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? ( spirit\s liquors1 #ahg ,hyson tea1 spuri\s4 ,see ,tea leaves ,i ,imitation arrack1 #aif tea4 ,see ,tea leaves c(fee4 ,see ,c(fee ,l ,lead5 pumps & wat] res]voirs1 dang]\s effects to be appreh5d$ f !m1 #fb ,lisbon1 quantity ( _s :i* x conta9s1 #id ,loz5ges1 adult]ation (1 #bcf ,lemon acid1 adult]ation (1 #bdc me?od ( detect+ x1 #bdd ,m ,madeira1 quantity ( br&y :i* x conta9s1 #id ,malaga1 quantity ( br&y conta9$ 9 x1 #id ,malt1 pat5t1 = col\r+ port]1 #abc disadvantages (1 #abd liquors1 dang]\s adult]ation (1 #aae /r5g? ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,see ,port]1 #abf spirits1 adult]ations (1 #aig *>act]i/ic flav\r1 to :at ow+1 #aig nef>i\s practices ( comp\nd+ !m = sale1 #aii false /r5g?1 h[ giv51 #bjb act re/rict+ ! /r5g? ( x1 #aig ,meat1 salt$1 %\ld n be pres]v$ 9 lead5 vessels1 #beh ,milk1 improp] practice ( keep+ x 9 lead5 vessels1 #beg ,m9t salad1 p]nici\s cu/om ( prep>+ x1 #beh ,multum1 a sub/ance employ$ = adult]at+ be]1 #ag seizures (1 at v>i\s brew]ies1 #acf ,mu%room1 poison\s1 #bdf ,catsup1 #bej ,mu/>d1 adult]ation (1 #bda ,o ,oak-wood saw-du/1 is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( spuri\s port w9e1 #ge 9 ! manufacture ( spuri\s br&y1 #aid ,orris-root1 is us$ = flav\r+ insipid w9es1 #ge ,olive oil1 contam9ation (1 ) lead1 & me?od ( detect+ x1 #bci ,p ,pickles1 contam9ation ( ) copp]1 #bai improp] vessels = keep+ !m1 #beg ,pepp]1 black1 adult]ation (1 #baa law 9 =ce aga9/ x1 #bac ,poison\s ,*eese1 #bjf ,cay5ne pepp]1 #bae catsup1 #bbg cu/>d1 #bca olive oil1 #bci mu%room1 #bdf pickles1 #bjg soda wat]1 #bea ,port]1 orig9 ( its "n1 #aba adult]ation ( ) wormwood1 #acb act prohibit+ x1 #aac av]age /r5g? (1 z furni%$ to ! publican1 #abf ditto1 z s5t out by ! retail]s1 #abg illegal sub/ances = adult]at+ x1 #aca brew]s1 convict$ ( adult]at+ _! port] ) illegal +r$i5ts1 #aea ,port]1 fro?y head (1 h[ produc$1 #acc me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? ( diff]5t k9ds1 #afj quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 ,london port]1 #afb ,port w9e1 adult]ation (1 #gd ,publicans1 prosecut$ = adult]at+ _! /rong be] ) table be]1 #abi ,q ,quassia1 fraudul5t sub/itution (1 = hops1 #aca disadvantages ( its application1 #acb seizures (1 at v>i\s brew]ies1 #acg ,r ,rais9 w9e1 quantity ( br&y :i* x conta9s1 #id ,rum1 adult]ation (1 #ahg false /r5g?1 h[ giv5 to x1 #bjb is seizable1 if sold1 unless ( a c]ta9 /r5g?1 #ahi quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 x1 #bje ,s ,soda ,wat]1 poison\s1 & me?od ( detect+ x1 #bea ,spirit\s ,liquors1 adult]ation (1 #ahg dang]\s practice ( f9+ !m ) noxi\s +r$i5ts1 #bjb quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds1 #bje ,sweetmeats1 adult]ation (1 #bbd ,sweet-bri]1 use ( x = flav\r+ w9es1 #ge ,t ,t>ts ( fruits1 %\ld n be bak$ 9 e>!nw>e vessels glaz$ ) lead1 #beh ,tea leaves1 adult]ation (1 #aga me?od ( detect+ x1 #aga law 9 =ce aga9/ x1 #afc poison\s sophi/ication (1 #agc me?od ( detect+ x1 #agd color+ (1 ) v]digris1 #afh black1 spuri\s1 process ( manufactur+ x1 #afh gre51 imitation (1 #afi ,tea deal]s1 convict$ = sell+ adult]at$ tea1 #afi ,toys1 improp] practice ( pa9t+ !m ) poison\s col\rs1 #bei ,v ,vidonia1 quantity ( br&y conta9$ 9 x1 #ie ,v9 de ,grave1 ditto ditto1 #ie ,v9eg>1 adult]ation (1 & me?od ( detect+ x1 #bbj di/ill$1 & me?od ( asc]ta9+ its /r5g?1 #bba ,w ,wat]1 *>act]s ( good1 #cg *emical con/itution ( ^? us$ 9 dome/ic economy & ! arts1 #cc dang] ( keep+ x 9 lead5 res]voirs1 #fj h>d1 h[ s(t5$ & r5d]$ fit = wa%+1 #ci ,new ,riv]1 con/itution (1 #ch1 #de sub/ances conta9$ 9 potable1 #dh h[ detect$1 #ej sub/ances usually conta9$ 9 spr+1 #db ta/e & salubri\s quality1 to :at ow+1 #cc ,?ames1 con/itution (1 #df1 #dh ,w9e1 adult]ation ( ) alum1 #gd ,briti% port1 #gg *ampaigne1 #gg bottles1 improp] practice ( clean+ !m1 #he bottle corks1 practice ( /a9+ !m r$1 #gi ,w9e doctors1 #hj quantity ( alcohol conta9$ 9 v>i\s k9ds1 #id1 #ie dang]\s practice ( f9+ !m1 #hc to prev5t !m turn+ s\r1 #hd art ( flav\r+ !m1 #ge home-made1 *emical con/itution (1 #if improvem5t f age1 to :at ow+1 #ia ,s\?ampton port1 #gh /r5g? (1 on :at x dep5ds1 #ib specific diff]5ces ( diff]5t k9ds1 to :at ow+1 #hi te/1 #hf :ite1 manufacture (1 f r$ grapes1 #ij ,:iskey1 ,iri%1 flav\r1 to :at ow+1 #aig /r5g? (1 #bje ,scot*1 ditto1 #bje ,wormwood1 sub/itution (1 = hops1 #acb ,,! ,,end4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,greek words 9 ?is text h be5 translit]at$ & plac$ betwe5 m>ks4 ,! ^w ,ph>macopoeias us$ an oe ligature 9 ! orig9al4 ,unusual spell+s1 v>iations 9 spell+s1 & v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,examples include3 inpregnat+ transp>ant coculus_/cocculus inconsci\s orris_/oris root ,! foll[+ corrections h be5 made to ! text3 page iii--comma add$ aft] be] 9 be]1 pepp]1 & o!r articles ( diet page x--*ang$ p]iod to comma aft] ,ale 9 ,me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! ,quantity ( ,_s conta9$ 9 ,port]1 ,ale1 c4 page #fa--;*ang$ :]e to 7 9 ,:5 m5 7 unable to detect ! poison\s matt]s page #fb--;correct$ spell+ ( snd to & 9 by ,hyppocrates1 ,gal51 & ,vitruvius page #gh--;add$ t to yeas & add$ p]iod at end ( be=e x is cold1 add "s yea/ & f]m5t4 page #ih--;correct$ spell+ ( indip5sable to indisp5sable 9 degree ( :it5ess r5d]$ indisp5sable by ! caprice ( ! consum]s page #ajd--;*ang$ comma to p]iod aft] suffici5t = a sack ( fl\r page #aac--;*ang$ comma to p]iod aft] made ( ^! +r$i5ts only1 are entirely deceiv$ page #abj--;correct$ ,au?ur to ,ar?ur 9 ,ar?ur ,wall] & correct$ ,dun to ,dunn 9 ,john ,dunn page #abf--;add$ p]iod aft] ,co 9 ,messrs4 ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s1 & ,co page #abi--;add$ p]iod aft] l 9 /rong be]1 #bjl page #acj--;add$ comma aft] ,h>bur 9 ,john ,h>bur1 = us+ salt ( /eel page #adj--;add$ end+ quote m>k aft] ( !m f brew]s' druggi/s1 )9 ^! two ye>s pa/4 page #adi--;*ang$ comma to p]iod aft] resort$ to only by fraudul5t brew]s page #aeb--;*ang$ semi-colon aft] ,/eph5s 9 ,septimus ,/eph5s1 brew] page #aed--;correct$ spell+ ( apolexy to apoplexy 9 dr9k]s are v liable to apoplexy page #afi--;correct$ spell+ ( ,mal9's to ,mal9s' 9 ,mal9s' c(fee-roa/+ premises page #ahe--;correct$ spell+ ( f9d to f9$ 9 7 f9$ #bjl4 ea* page #bjb--;add$ ! ^w on 9 z /at$ on pages #gj & #hf page #baj--;correct$ spell+ ( annotta to anotta 9 :o adult]at$ ! anotta page #bbb--;add$ hyph5 9 arr[-root page #bbc--;add$ hyph5 9 tea-spoonful & correct$ spell+ ( jod9e to iod9e 9 few drops ( a solution ( iod9e page #bbg--;add$ s at end ( ,mr4 ,lewi page #bca--;correct$ spell+ ( cookry to cook]y 9 articles ( cook]y page #bde--;correct$ spell+ ( glanul> to granul> 9 insoluble precipitate 9 m9ute granul> cry/als ,footnote #df--;add$ p]iod aft] p 9 #c;d edit4 p4 #bgj ,footnote #hg--;add$ miss+ end quote aft] ) copp]as & %eep's dung4 & remov$ extrane\s p]iod aft] #dh 9 ,plant1 p4 #dh2 ,footnote #aae--;correct$ spell+ ( ,qv to ,qu 9 ,qu voluptas tanta ancipitis cibi8