file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core
 ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture   
7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7           
,new ,york   ,/ate ,college (           
,agriculture   ,at ,cornell ,univ]sity  
,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4   ,libr>y          99   
99       99       99       99           
,cabbages    &    ,caulifl[]s3     ,,h[ 
,,to ,,gr[ ,,!m4    ,a ,,practical      
,,treatise1 ,,giv+ ,,full ,,details ,,on
 ,,e ,,po9t1   ,,includ+ ,,keep+ ,,&    
,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,crop4     ,illu/ration3  
,cabbage ,head     ,,by    ,,james ,j4  
,h4 ,,gregory1    ,,orig9al ,,introduc] 
,,( ,,! ,,m>blehead1 ,,deep ,,head1     
,,w>r51   ,,all ,,seasons1 ,,h>d        
,,head+1 ,,& ,,reynolds ,,cabbages4     
,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! 
ye> #ahhi1 by   ,,james ,j4 ,h4         
,,gregory1   ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian (
 ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4        
,,cont5ts4                              
,,page   ,,object ,,( ,,treatise        
#a    ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,cabbage         
#a    ,,:at ,a ,,cabbage ,,is           

#b    ,,select+ ,,! ,,soil              
#d    ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,soil               
#e    ,,! ,,manure                      
#f    ,,h[ ,,to ,,apply ,,! ,,manure    
#h    ,,mak+ ,,! ,,hills ,,& ,,plant+   
,,! ,,se$                               
#aa    ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,"y ,,plants      
#af    ,,protect+ ,,! ,,plants ,,f ,,_! 
,,enemies                            #ah
    ,,! ,,gre5 ,,worm                   
#bb    ,,club1 ,,or ,,/ump ,,root1 ,,or 
,,maggot                                
#bd    ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,gr[+ ,,crop      
#bi    ,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,crop              
#cj    ,,keep+ ,,cabbage ,,?r\gh ,,!    
,,w9t]                                  
#cb    ,,hav+ ,,cabbage ,,make ,,heads  
,,9 ,,w9t]                              
#ci    ,,=eign ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,cabbage 
#dc-de    ,,am]ican ,,v>ieties          
#df-fj    ,,savoy ,,v>ieties            
#fj-fc    ,,o!r ,,v>ieties              
#fc-fg    ,,cabbage ,,gre5s             
#fg    ,,cabbage ,,= ,,/ock             
#fi    ,,rais+ ,,cabbage ,,se$          

#gc    ,,cook+ ,,cabbage1 ,,s\r-,,kr\t1 
,,etc4                                  
#ge    ,,cabbage ,,"u ,,glass           
#gf    ,,cold ,,frame ,,& ,,hot-,,b$    
#gh    ,,caulifl[]1 ,,broccoli1         
,,brussels-,,spr\ts1 ,,kale   ,,&       
,,sea-,,kale                            
#ha     ,,cabbages ,,& ,,caulifl[]s4    
,,object ,,( ,,?is ,,treatise4   ,z a   
g5]al1 yet v ?or\gh1 response to        
inquiries f _m ( my cu/om]s ab\t cabbage
 rais+1 ,i h aim$ 9 ?is treatise to tell
 !m all ab\t ! subject4 ,! diff]5t      
inquiries made f "t to "t h giv5 me a   
pretty cle> idea ( ! _m heads "u :i*    
in=mation is want$2 & x has be5 my aim  
to give ?is ) ! same ?or\ghness ( detail
 z 9 my little "w on ,squa%es4 ,i h     
endeavor$ to talk 9 a v practical way1  
draw+ f a l>ge obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 & 
receiv+1 9 describ+ v>ieties1 "s        
valuable in=mation f ,mc,intosh's "w1 ,!
 ,book ( ! ,g>d54     ,,! ,,orig9 ,,(   
,,cabbage4   ,botani/s tell u t all ( ! 
,cabbage family1 :i* includes n only e  

v>iety ( cabbage1 ,r$1 ,:ite1 & ,savoy1 
b all ! caulifl[]1 broccoli1 kale1 &    
brussels spr\ts1 _h _! orig9 9 ! wild   
cabbage ( ,europe 7,brassica ol]acea71 a
 plant ) gre51 wavy leaves1 mu* resembl+
 *>lock1 f\nd gr[+ wild at ,dov] 9      
,engl&1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,?is      
plant1 says ,mc,intosh1 is mo/ly conf9$ 
to ! sea-%ore1 & gr[s only on *alky or  
calc>e\s soils4  ,?us ?r\gh ! wisdom ( !
 ,great ,fa!r ( u all1 :o occasionally 9
 8 great g>d5 all[s vegetables to sport 
into a high] =m ( life1 & grants to "s (
 ^! sports suffici5t /r5g? (            
individuality to enable !m to p]petuate 
!mselves1 &1 at times1 to bl5d _!       
individuality ) t ( o!r sports1 we h !  
head+ cabbage 9 its num]\s v>ieties1 !  
creamy caulifl[]1 ! fea!ry kale1 ! curl$
 savoy4 ,on my own gr\nds f a /ra9 ( se$
 t _h be5 gr[n isolat$ = ye>s1 !re      
rec5tly came a plant t 9 its /ructure   
closely resembl$ ,brussels ,spr\ts1 gr[+
 ab\t two feet 9 height1 ) a small head 
"u ea* leaf4 ,! cultivat$ cabbage 0 fir/

 introduc$ into ,engl& by ! ,romans1 & f
 !re ne>ly all ! k9ds cultivat$ 9 ?is   
c\ntry 7 orig9ally br\ght4 ,^? :i* we   
consid] z peculi>ly ,am]ican v>ieties1 h
 only be5 made s by ye>s ( c>eful       
improvem5t on ! orig9al import$ sorts4  
,! *>act]i/ics ( ^! v>ieties w be giv5  
f>!r on4     ,,:at ,a ,,cabbage ,,is4   
,if we cut v]tically ?r\gh ! middle ( ! 
head1 we %all f9d x made up ( successive
 lay]s ( leaves1 :i* gr[ small] &       
small]1 almo/ ad inf9itum4 ,n[1 if we   
take a fruit bud f an apple-tree & make 
a simil> section ( x1 we %all f9d ! same
 /ructure4 ,if we obs]ve ! developm5t ( 
! two1 z spr+ advances1 we %all f9d     
ano!r simil>ity 7! loos] ! head ! clos] 
w be ! resemblance71--! out] leaves (   
ea* w unwrap & unfold1 & a fl[] /em w   
pu% out f ea*4 ,"h we see t a cabbage is
 a bud1 a se$ bud 7z all fruit buds may 
be t]m$1 ! production ( se$ be+ ! prim>y
 object 9 nature1 ! fruit enclos+ x     
play+ b a second>y "p71 ! (fice ( !     
leaves be+ to cov]1 protect1 & aft]w>ds 

n\ri% ! "y se$ %oot4 ,! out] leaves :i* 
surr\nd ! head appe> to h ! same (fice z
 ! leaves :i* surr\nd ! gr[+ fruit bud1 
& t (fice closes ) ! fir/ ye>1 z does t 
( ! leaves surr\nd+ fruit buds1 :5 ea*  
die & drop (f4 ,9 my locality ! public  
mu/ h p]ceiv$ m or less cle>ly ! analogy
 betwe5 ! heads ( cabbage & ! buds (    
trees1 = :5 !y speak ( small heads !y   
frequ5tly call !m buds4 ,t ! close      
wrapp$ leaves :i* make ! cabbage head & 
surr\nd ! se$ g]m1 situat$ j 9 ! middle 
( ! head at ! t]m9ation ( ! /ump1 are   
necess>y = its protection & nutrition :5
 "y1 is prov$1 ,i ?9k1 by ! fact t ^?   
cabbages1 ! heads ( :i* are mu* decay$1 
:5 set out = se$1 no matt] h[ s\nd ! se$
 g]m may be at ! end ( ! /ump1 nev] make
 s l>ge or heal?y a se$ %oot z ^? d !   
heads ( :i* are s\nd2 z a rule1 aft]    
pu%+ a feeble gr[?1 !y die4  ,= ?is     
reason ,i believe t ! (fice ( ! head is 
simil> to & z necess>y z t ( ! leaves   
:i* unwrap f ar\nd ! blossom buds ( our 
fruit trees4 ,x is true t ! p>allel _c  

be fully ma9ta9$1 z ! leaves :i* make up
 ! cabbage head d n to an equal degree  
unfold 7p>ticul>ly is ?is true ( h>d    
heads72 yet !y exhibit a vitality ( _!  
own1 :i* is se5 9 ! deep] gre5 color !  
out] leaves soon atta91 & ! *ange f     
t5d]ness to t\ghness 9 _! /ructure3 ,i  
?9k1 !re=e1 t ! degree ( failure 9 !    
p>allel may be measur$ by ! diff]5ce    
betwe5 a high] & a l[] =m ( organic     
life4  ,"s advocate ! economy ( cutt+ (f
 a l>ge portion ( ! heads :5 cabbages   
are set out = se$ to use z food = /ock4 
,!re is c]ta9ly a great temptation1 /&+ 
amid acres ( l>ge1 solid1 heads 9 ! e>ly
 spr+ mon?s1 :5 gre5 food ( all k9ds is 
sc>ce1 to cut & use su* an imm5se am\nt 
( ri* food1 :i*1 to ! inexp]i5c$ eye1   
appe>s to be utt]ly wa/$ if left to     
decay1 dry1 & fall to ! gr\nd2 b1 = !   
reason giv5 above1 ,i h nev] done s4 ,x 
is possible t l>ge heads may be> trimm+ 
to a degree )\t injury to ! se$ crop2   
yet ,i %\ld consid] ?is an exp]im5t1 &  
"o to be tri$ ) a good deal ( caution4  

,,select+ ,,! ,,soil4   ,9 "s ( ! be/   
cabbage-gr[+ sections ( ! c\ntry1 until 
)9 a comp>atively few ye>s x 0 ! v g5]al
 belief t cabbage w\ld n d well on upl&4
 ,accord+ly ! cabbage pat* w\ld be f\nd 
on ! l[e/ tillage l& ( ! f>m4 ,no d\bt1 
! l[e/ soil be+ ! ri*] f a gradual      
accumulation ( ! wa% f ! upl&1 :5 manure
 0 b sp>+ly us$1 cabbage w\ld ?rive     
bett] !re ?an else:]e1--& n1 z 0 g5]ally
 held1 because t vegetable ne$$ m       
moi/ure ?an any o!r crop4 ,cabbage c be 
rais$ ) success on any good corn l&1    
provid$ su* l& is well manur$2 & !re is 
no m loss 9 seasons ( dr\? on su* l& ?an
 !re is 9 seasons ( excessive moi/ure on
 ! l[] tillage l& ( ! f>m4 ,i wi% ,i    
c\ld prea* a v l\d s]mon to all my f>m] 
fri5ds on ! great value ( lib]al manur+ 
to c>ry crops successfully ?r\gh !      
effects ( a sev]e dr\?4 ,crops on soil  
precisely alike1 ) b a wall to sep>ate  
!m1 w1 9 a v dry season1 pres5t a /rik+ 
diff]5ce1--! "o be+ 9 f9e vigor1 & ! o!r
 suff]+ f dr\?1 z ! own] w tell y2 b1 9 

reality1 f want ( food4  ,! small]      
v>ieties ( cabbage w ?rive well on ei!r 
light or /rong soil1 b ! l>ge/ drumheads
 d be/ on /rong soil4 ,= ! ,brassica    
family1 includ+ cabbages1 caulifl[]s1   
turnips1 etc41 !re is no soil s suitable
 z fre%ly turn$ sod1 provid$ ! surface  
is well f9$ by ! h>r[2 x is well to h z 
/\t a crop ( clov] or grass1 gr[+ on ?is
 sod1 :5 turn$ "u1 z possible1 & ,i     
incl9e to ! belief t x w\ld be a        
judici\s inve/m5t to />t a ?ick gr[? (  
^! by ! application ( guano to ! surface
 suffici5tly long be=e turn+ ! sod to   
get an extra gr[? ( ! clov] or grass4   
,if ! soil be v s&y 9 "*1 ,i w\ld advise
 t ! v>iety plant$ be ! ,w9nig/adt1 :i*1
 9 my exp]i5ce1 is unexcell$ = mak+ a   
h>d head "u almo/ any conditions1 h[ev] 
unpropiti\s4 ,%\ld ! soil be naturally v
 wet x %\ld be und]dra9$1 or /ump foot w
 be v likely to appe>1 :i* is dea? to   
all success4     ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,soil4   
,%\ld ! soil be a heavy clay1 a deep    
fall pl\gh+ is be/1 t ! fro/s ( w9t] may

 dis9tegrate x2 & %\ld ! plan be to     
raise an e>ly crop1 ?is end w be promot$
 by fall pl\gh+1 on any soil1 z ! l& w  
!reby be made dri] 9 e>ly spr+4 ,9 ,new 
,engl& ! soil = cabbages %\ld be pl\gh$ 
z deep z ! subsoil1 & ! l>g] drumheads  
%\ld be plant$ only on ! deepe/ soil4   
,if ! season %\ld prove a favorable "o1 
a good crop ( cabbage may be gr[n on sod
 brok5 up imm$iately aft] a crop ( hay  
has be5 tak5 f x1 provid$ pl5ty ( f9e   
manure is h>r[$ 94 ,"o great risk "h is 
f ! dry wea!r t usually prevails at t   
season1 prev5t+ ! prompt g]m9ation ( !  
se$1 or root+ ( ! plants4 ,x is prud5t 9
 su* a case to h a good /ock ( plants1 t
 su* z die may be promptly replac$4 ,x  
is wise to plant ! se$ = ^! a week e>li]
 ?an ! ma9 crop1 = :5 transplant$ to    
fill ! vacant places x w take ab\t a    
week = !m to get well root$4  ,! manure 
may be spread on ! surface ( ei!r sod or
 /ubble l& & pl\gh$ "u1 or be spread on 
! surface aft] pl\gh+ & ?or\ghly work$  
into ! soil by ! :eel h>r[ or           

cultivator4 ,on pl\gh$ sod ,i h f\nd    
no?+ s satisfactory z ! class ( :eel    
h>r[s1 :i* n only cut ! manure up f9e & 
"w x well "u1 b by ! same op]ation cut &
 pulv]ize ! turf until ! sod may be left
 n ov] an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,to d ! "w ?us
 ?or\ghly requires a yoke ( ox5 or a    
pair ( /\t horses4 ,all l>ge /ones &    
l>ge pieces ( turf t are torn up &      
br\ght to ! surface %\ld be c>t$ (f be=e
 mak+ ! hills4     ,,! ,,manure4   ,any 
manure b hog manure = cabbage1--b>n     
manure1 rott5 kelp1 night-soil1 guano1  
f]tiliz]s1 wood a%es1 fi%1 salt1 glue   
wa/e1 h5 manure1 slaught]-h\se manure4  
,i h us$ all ( ^!1 & f\nd !m all good :5
 rightly appli$4 ,if pure hog manure is 
us$ x is apt to produce t corpul5t      
enl>gem5t ( ! roots kn[n 9 diff]5t      
localities z /ump foot1 und]gr\nd head1 
f+] & ?umb2 b ,i h f\nd b>n manure on   
:i* hogs h run1 two hogs to ea* animal1 
excell5t4 ,! cabbage is ! ranke/ (      
fe$]s1 & to p]fect ! l>g] sort a mo/    
lib]al all[ance ( ! ri*e/ compo/s is    

requir$4 ,to gr[ ! small] v>ieties ei!r 
b>n-y>d manure1 guano1 f]tiliz]s1 or    
wood a%es1 if ! soil be 9 good          
condition1 w answ]2 ?\gh ! ri*] & m     
abundant ! manure ! l>g] are ! cabbages1
 & ! e>li] ! crop w mature4  ,to p]fect 
! l>ge v>ieties ( drumhead1--by :i* ,i  
mean to make !m gr[ to ! greate/ size   
possible1--,i want a /rong compo/ (     
b>n-y>d manure1 ) night-soil & muck or  
fi%-wa/e1 &1 if possible1 rott5 kelp4 ,a
 compo/ into :i* night-soil ent]s z a   
compon5t is be/ made by fir/ cov]+ a    
plot ( gr\nd1 ( easy access1 ) soil or  
muck t has be5 expos$ to a w9t]'s fro/1 
to ! dep? ( ab\t eighte5 in*es1 & rais+ 
ar\nd ?is a rim ab\t ?ree feet 9 height1
 & ?ickness4 ,into ?is ! night-soil is  
p\r$ f c>ts built = ! purpose1 until !  
receptacle is ab\t two-?irds full4 ,b>n 
manure is n[ add$1 be+ dropp$ ar\nd &   
cov]+ ! out] rim1 &1 if ! supply is     
suffici5t1 on ! top ( ! heap also1 on   
:i* x c be c>t$ aft] cold wea!r sets 94 
,e>ly 9 spr+1 ! entire mass %\ld be     

pit*$ ov]1 ?or\ghly brok5 up ) ! b> &   
pick :]e froz51 & ! froz5 masses ?r[n on
 ! surface4 ,9 pit*+ ov] ! mass1 "w !   
rim 9 t[>ds ! middle ( ! heap4 ,aft] !  
froz5 lumps h ?aw$1 give ! heap ano!r   
pit*+ ov]1 aim+ to mix all ! mat]ials   
?or\ghly toge!r1 & make ! entire mass z 
f9e z possible4 ,a cov]+ ( s&1 ?r[n ov] 
! heap1 be=e ! la/ pit*+1 w help f9e x4 
,to produce a good crop ( cabbages1 ) a 
compo/ ( ?is quality1 f six to twelve   
cords w be requir$ to ! acre4 ,if ! l&  
is 9 good he>t1 by previ\s high         
cultivation1 or ! soil is naturally v   
/rong1 six cords w give a fair crop ( ! 
small v>ieties2 :ile1 ) ! same          
conditions1 f n9e to twelve cords to !  
acre w be requir$ to p]fect ! l>ge/     
v>iety gr[n1 ! ,m>blehead ,mammo?       
,drumhead4  ,( ! o!r k9ds ( manure nam$ 
above1 ,i w treat f>!r "u ! head (3     
,,h[ ,,to ,,apply ,,! ,,manure4   ,!    
manure is sometimes appli$ :olly 9 !    
hill1 at o!r times p>tly broadca/ &     
p>tly 9 ! hill4 ,if ! f>m] desires to   

make ! utmo/ use ( 8 manure = t season1 
x w be be/ to put mo/ ( x into ! hill1  
p>ticul>ly if 8 supply runs r %ort2 b if
 he desires to leave 8 l& 9 good        
condition = next ye>'s crop1 he _h bett]
 use "p ( x broadca/4 ,my own practice  
is to use all my ri* compo/ broadca/1 & 
dep5d on guano1 f]tiliz]s1 or h5 manure 
9 ! hill4 ,let all guano1 if at all     
lumpy1 l ! ,p]uvian1 be sift$1 & let all
 ! h>d lumps be r$uc$ by p\nd+1 until ! 
l>ge/ pieces %all n be l>g] ?an half a  
pea1 be=e x is br\ght ^u ! gr\nd4 ,my l&
 be+ ready1 ! compo/ work$ "u & ! r[s   
m>k$ out1 ,i select ?ree tru/y h&s :o c 
be reli$ ^u to foll[ fai?fully my       
directions 9 apply+ s dang]\s manure z  
guano is 9 c>eless or ignorant h&s2 "o  
takes a bucket ( x1 &1 if = l>ge        
cabbage1 drops z mu* z he c readily     
close 9 8 %ut h&1 :]e ea* hill is to be2
 if = small sorts1 !n ab\t half t       
quantity1 spread+ x ov] a circle ab\t a 
foot 9 diamet]2 ! second man foll[s ) a 
prong$ hoe1 or bett] yet1 a six-t9$ =k1 

) :i* he works ! guano well into ! soil1
 fir/ turn+ x ?ree or f\r in*es "u !    
surface1 & !n /irr+ ! soil v ?or\ghly ) 
! hoe or =k4 ,unless ! guano 7& ?is is  
also true ( mo/ f]tiliz]s7 is fai?fully 
mix$ up ) ! soil1 ! se$ w n vegetate4   
,give ! second man ab\t an h\r ! />t1 & 
!n let ! ?ird man foll[ ) ! se$4 ,( o!r 
f]tiliz]s1 ,i use ab\t half z mu* aga9 z
 ( guano to ea* hill1 & ( h5 manure a   
heap+ h&ful1 aft] x has be5 f9ely brok5 
up1 &1 if moi/1 slightly mix$ ) dry e>?4
 ,:5 salt is us$1 x %\ld n be dep5d$ on 
exclusively1 b be us$ 9 connection ) o!r
 manures1 at ! rate ( f t5 to fifte5    
bu%els to ! acre1 appli$ broadca/ ov] ! 
gr\nd1 or ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! manure be=e 
t is appli$2 if dissolv$ 9 ! manure1    
bett] yet4 ,salt itself is n a manure4  
,its pr9cipal (fice is to *ange o!r     
mat]ials into plant food4 ,fi% & glue   
wa/e are exce$+ly p[]ful manures1 v ri* 
9 ammonia1 &1 if us$ ! fir/ season1 !y  
%\ld be 9 compo/4 ,x is be/ to h&le fi% 
wa/e1 su* z heads1 entrails1 backbones1 

& liv] wa/e1 precisely l night soil4    
,porgy *eese1 or *um1 ! refuse1 aft]    
press+ out ! oil f m5had5 & halibut     
heads1 & sometimes sold ext5sively =    
manure1 is be/ prep>$ = use by compo/+ x
 ) muck or loam1 lay] ) lay]1 at ! rate 
( a b>rel to e foot & a half1 cord      
measure1 ( soil4 ,z soon z x %[s "s     
heat1 turn x1 & repeat ! process1 two or
 ?ree times1 until x is well decompos$1 
:5 apply4 ,ano!r excell5t way to use fi%
 wa/e is to compo/ x ) b>n manure1 9 !  
op5 fields4 ,x w be be/ to h six in*es (
 soil "u ! heap1 & n lay] ! fi% ) ! l[] 
half ( ! manure1 = x /rikes d[n4 ,glue  
wa/e is a v co>se1 lumpy manure1 &      
requires a great deal ( sev]e           
manipulation1 if x is to be appli$ !    
fir/ season4 ,a bett] way is to compo/ x
 ) soil1 lay] ) lay]1 hav+ ea* lay] ab\t
 a foot 9 ?ickness1 & s all[ x to rema9 
ov] until ! next season1 be=e us+4 ,?is 
w decompose mo/ ( ! /raw1 & break d[n ! 
h>d1 t\gh lumps4 ,9 apply+ ?is to !     
crop1 mo/ ( x _h bett] be us$ broadca/1 

z x is apt1 at be/1 to be r too co>se & 
conc5trat$ to be us$ lib]ally directly 9
 ! hill4 ,slaught]-h\se manure %\ld be  
treat$ mu* l glue manure4  ,mr4         
,proctor1 ( ,bev]ly1 has rais$ cabbage  
successfully on /rong clay soil1 by     
spread+ a compo/ ( muck conta9+ fi%     
wa/e1 9 :i* ! fi% is well decompos$1 at 
! rate ( two tons ( ! fi% to an acre (  
l&1 aft] pl[+1 & !n1 hav+ made 8 furr[s 
at ! "r di/ance ap>t1 h>r[+ ! l&        
?or\ghly crossways ) ! furr[s4 ,! result
 01 besides mix+ ! manure ?or\ghly ) !  
soil1 to l& an extra proportion ( x 9 ! 
furr[s1 :i* 0 equival5t to manur+ 9 !   
drill4  ,cabbage c be rais$ on f]tiliz]s
 alone4 ,i h rais$ "s crops 9 ?is way2 b
 h be5 l$ to pl[ 9 f f\r to six cords ( 
good manure to ! acre1 & !n use f five  
hundr$ to a ?\s& p\nds ( "s good        
f]tiliz] 9 ! hill4 ,! reason ,i pref] to
 use a portion ( ! cabbage food 9 ! =m (
 manure1 is1 t ,i h notic$ t :5 !       
attempt is made to raise ! l>g] drumhead
 v>ieties on f]tiliz]s only1 ! cabbages1

 j z ! heads are well =m$1 are apt to   
come ne>ly to a /&/ill4 ,i expla9 ?is on
 ! supposition t !y exhau/ mo/ ( !      
f]tiliz]1 or "s "o ( ! +r$i5ts t ent]   
into x1 dur+ ! e>li] /age ( gr[?2 p]haps
 f ! fact t ! food is 9 s easily        
dige/ible condition1 !y use an ov] %>e (
 x1 & ! fact t ^? f$ on f]tiliz]s only1 
t5d to gr[ long] /ump$ ?an usual1 appe>s
 to give weight to ?is op9ion4 ,?\gh any
 good f]tiliz] is good = cabbage1 yet ,i
 pref] ^? comp\nd$ on ! basis ( an      
analysis ( ! composition ( ! plants2 !y 
%\ld conta9 ! ?ree +r$i5ts1 nitrog51    
pota%1 & phosphoric acid1 9 ! proportion
 ( six1 sev51 five1 tak+ !m 9 ! ord] 9  
:i* ,i h writt5 !m4     ,,mak+ ,,!      
,,hills ,,& ,,plant+ ,,! ,,se$4   ,!    
idea is q preval5t t cabbages w n head  
up well except ! plants are />t$ 9 b$s1 
& !n transplant$ into ! hills :]e !y are
 to mature4 ,?is is an error1 s f> z x  
applies to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1--! l>ge/ & 
mo/ exp]i5c$ cultivators ( cabbage 9    
,new ,engl& usually dropp+ ! se$        

directly :]e ! plant is to /&1 unless !y
 are fir/ />t$ "u glass1 or ! piece ( l&
 to be plant$ _c be prep>$ 9 season to  
enable ! f>m] to put 8 se$ directly 9 ! 
hill & yet give ! cabbage "t suffici5t  
to mature4 ,:]e ! climate is            
unpropiti\s1 or ! quantity ( manure     
appli$ is insuffici5t1 x is possible t  
transplant+ may promote head+4 ,!       
advantages ( plant+ directly 9 ! hill1  
are a sav+ ( "t1 avoid+ ! risks         
incid5tal to transplant+1 & hav+ all !  
piece />t alike2 =1 :5 transplant$1 _m  
die & h to be replac$1 :ile "s hesitate 
mu* long] ?an o!rs be=e />t+1 ?us mak+ a
 want ( uni=mity 9 ! matur+ ( ! crop4   
,!re is1 also1 ?is advantage1 !re be+   
sev]al plants 9 ea* hill1 ! cut-worm has
 to depr$ate pretty sev]ely be=e he     
really injures ! piece2 aga91 %\ld ! se$
 n vegetate 9 any ( ! hills1 e f>m] w   
appreciate ! advantage ( hav+ heal?y    
plants gr[+ s ne> at h& t !y c be       
transf]r$ to ! vacant spaces ) _! roots 
s undi/urb$ t _! gr[? is h>dly *eck$4 ,9

 addition to ! labor ( transplant+ sav$ 
by ?is plan1 ! great *eck t plants      
always receive :5 s treat$ is prev5t$1 &
 also ! extra risks t occur %\ld a      
season ( dr\? foll[4 ,x is ! belief ( "s
 f>m]s1 t plants gr[+ :]e ! se$ 0 plant$
 are less liable to be de/roy$ by !     
cut-worm ?an ^? t h be5 transplant$4 ,:5
 plann+ to raise late cabbage on upl&1  
,i s[ a portion ( ! se$ on a moi/ spot1 
or1 9 case a portion ( ! l& is moi/1 ,i 
plant ! hills on su* l& ) an extra      
quantity ( se$1 t ,i may h en\gh plants 
= ! :ole piece1 %\ld ! wea!r prove to be
 too dry = ! se$ to vegetate on ! dry]  
portions ( x4 ,x is wise to s[ ^! extra 
plants ab\t a week e>li]1 = !y w be put 
back ab\t a week by transplant+ !m4  ,"s
 ( our be/ f>m]s drill _! se$ 9 ) a s[+ 
ma*9e1 su* z is us$ = onions1 c>rots1 & 
o!r vegetable crops4 ,?is is a v        
exp$iti\s way1 & has ! advantage ( leav+
 ! plants 9 r[s in/ead ( bun*es1 z 9 !  
hill sy/em1 & ?us enables ! hoe to d mo/
 ( ! "w ( ?9n+4 ,x has also ?is         

advantage3 ea* plant be+ by itself c be 
left mu* long] be=e ?9n+1 & yet n gr[   
long 9 ! /ump1 ?us mak+ x available =   
transplant+1 or = sale 9 ! m>ket1 = a   
long] p]iod4  ,! usual way ( prep>+ !   
hills is to /rike out furr[s ) a small1 
"o-horse pl\gh1 z f> ap>t z ! r[s are to
 be4 ,z x is v important t ! r[s %\ld be
 z /raight z practicable1 x is a good   
plan to run back once 9 ea* furr[1      
p>ticul>ly on sod l& :]e ! pl\gh w be   
apt to cat* 9 ! turf & jump out ( l9e4  
,a manure team foll[s1 conta9+ ! dress+ 
= ! hills1 :i* has previ\sly be5 pit*$  
ov] & beat5 up until all ! +r$i5ts are  
f9e & well mix$4 ,?is team is s driv51  
if possible1 z to avoid runn+ 9 !       
furr[s4 ,two or ?ree h&s foll[ ) =ks or 
%ovels1 pit*+ ! manure into ! furr[s at 
! di/ance ap>t t has be5 det]m9$ on = ! 
hills4 ,h[ f> ap>t ^! are to be w dep5d 
on ! v>ieties1 f eighte5 in*es to f\r   
feet4 ,on l& t has be5 v highly manur$ =
 a s]ies ( ye>s1 cabbage c be plant$    
ne>] ?an on l& t has be5 "u ! pl[ b a   

few ye>s4 ,= ! di/ance ap>t = diff]5t   
v>ieties see f>!r on4 ,! manure is      
levell$ ) hoes1 a little soil is drawn  
ov] x1 & a slight /amp ) ! back ( ! hoe 
is giv5 to level ?is soil1 &1 at ! same 
"t1 to m>k ! hill4 ,! plant] foll[s )   
se$ 9 a t9 box1 or any small vessel hav+
 a broad bottom1 & tak+ a small p9*     
betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] he gives a slight 
scrat* ) ! rema9+ f+]s ( ! same h&1 &   
dropp+ 9 ab\t half a doz5 se$ cov]s !m  
half an in* deep ) a sweep ( ! h&1 &    
packs ! e>? by a g5tle pat ) ! op5 palm 
to keep ! moi/ure 9 ! gr\nd & ?us       
promote ! vegetation ( ! se$4 ,) c>e a  
qu>t] ( a p\nd ( se$ w plant an acre1 :5
 dropp$ directly 9 ! hills2 b half a    
p\nd is ! common all[ance1 z !re is     
usually "s wa/e f spill+1 :ile mo/      
labor]s plant ) a free h&4  ,! soil ov] 
! hills be+ v light & por\s1 c>eless h&s
 are apt to drop ! se$ too deep4 ,c>e   
%\ld be tak5 n to drop ! se$ all 9 "o   
spot1 b to scatt] !m ov] a surface ( two
 or ?ree in*es squ>e1 t ea* plant may h 

room to develop )\t cr[d+ its neighbors4
  ,if ! se$ is plant$ 9 a l9e in/ead ( 9
 a mass ! plants c be left long] be=e ! 
f9al ?9n+ )\t dang] ( gr[+ tall & weak4 
,if ! se$ is to be drill$ 91 x w be     
necess>y to scatt] ! manure all along ! 
furr[s1 !n cov] ) a pl\gh1 r\ghly level+
 ) a rake4  ,%\ld ! compo/ appli$ to !  
hills be v conc5trat$1 x w be apt to    
produce /ump foot2 x w1 !re=e1 be safe/ 
9 su* cases to holl[ out ! middle ) !   
corn] ( ! hoe1 or draw ! hoe ?r\gh &    
fill 9 ) e>?1 t ! roots ( ! "y plants   
may n come 9 direct contact ) ! compo/ z
 soon z !y beg9 to pu%4  ,:5 guano or   
phosphates are us$ 9 ! hills x w be well
 to m>k out ! r[s ) a pl\gh1 & !n1 :]e  
ea* hill is to be1 fill 9 ! soil level  
to ! surface ) a hoe1 be=e apply+ !m4 ,i
 h1 9 a previ\s p>agraph1 giv5 full     
in/ructions h[ to apply ^!4 ,h5 manure1 
if moi/1 %\ld be brok5 up v f9e1 & be   
mix$ ) "s dry e>? to prev5t x f aga9    
lump+ toge!r1 & ! mixture appli$ 9      
suffici5t quantity to make an equival5t 

( a heap+ h&ful ( pure h5 manure to ea* 
hill4 ,any liquid manure is excell5t = !
 cabbage crop2 b x %\ld be well dilut$1 
or x w be likely to produce /ump foot4  
,cabbage se$ ( almo/ all v>ieties are   
ne>ly r\nd 9 =m1 b are n s sph]ical z   
turnip se$4 ,i note1 h[ev]1 t se$ ( !   
,savoys are ne>ly oval4 ,9 color !y are 
light br[n :5 fir/ ga!r$1 b gradually   
turn d>k br[n if n ga!r$ too e>ly4 ,an  
ounce conta9s ne>ly t5 ?\s& se$1 b %\ld 
n be reli$ ^u = _m ov] two ?\s& good    
plants1 & ^! are available = ab\t z _m  
hills only :5 rais$ 9 b$s & transplant$2
 :5 dropp$ directly 9 ! hills x w take n
 f> f eight ounces ( ! l>g] sorts to    
plant an acre1 & ( ! small] cabbage r m 
?an ?is4 ,cabbage se$ :5 well cur$ &    
kept 9 close bags w reta9 _! vitality   
f\r or five ye>s2 old g>d5]s pref] se$ (
 all ! cabbage family two or ?ree ye>s  
old4  ,:5 ! plan is to raise ! "y plants
 9 b$s to be transplant$1 ! gr\nd       
select$ = ! b$s %\ld be ( ri* soil2 ?is 
%\ld be v ?or\ghly dug1 & ! surface     

work$ & rak$ v f9e1 e /one & lump ( e>? 
be+ remov$4 ,n[ spr9kle ! se$ ev5ly ov] 
! b$ & g5tly rake 9 j "u ! surface1     
compact+ ! soil by pressure ) a bo>d4 ,z
 soon z ! "y plants appe>1 spr9kle !m ) 
air-slak$ lime4 ,transplant :5 ?ree or  
f\r in*es high1 be+ v c>eful n to let ! 
plants get tall & weak4  ,= late        
cabbage1 9 ! latitude ( ,bo/on1 to h    
cabbages ready = m>ket ab\t ! fir/ (    
,novemb]1 ! ,m>blehead ,mammo? %\ld be  
plant$ ! #bj? ( ,may1 o!r late drumheads
 f ,june #a/ to ,june #ab?1 provid$ !   
plants are n to be transplant$2 o!rwise 
a week e>li]4 ,9 ^? localities :]e !    
gr[+ season is lat]1 ! se$ %\ld be      
plant$ proportionally lat]4     ,,c>e   
,,( ,,! ,,"y ,,plants4   ,9 f\r or five 
days1 if ! wea!r is propiti\s1 ! "y     
plants w beg9 to break gr\nd1 pres5t+ at
 ! surface two leaves1 :i* toge!r make  
ne>ly a squ>e1 l ! fir/ leaves ( turnips
 or radi%es4 ,z soon z ! ?ird leaf is   
develop$1 g ov] ! piece1 & boldly ?9 out
 ! plants4 ,:]ev] !y are v ?ick1 pull a 

mass ( !m ) ! f+]s & ?umb1 be+ c>eful to
 fill up ! hole made ) f9e e>?4 ,aft] ! 
f\r? leaf is develop$1 g ov] ! piece    
aga9 & ?9 /ill m2 y ne$ specially to    
gu>d aga9/ a sl5d]1 weak gr[?1 :i* w    
happ5 :5 ! plants are too cr[d$4 ,9     
?9n+1 leave ! %ort-/ump$ plants1 & leave
 !m z f> ap>t 9 ! hill z possible1 t !y 
may n %ade ea* o!r1 or s int]f]e 9 gr[+ 
z to make long /umps4 ,if !re is any    
m>ket = "y plants1 ?\s&s c be sold f an 
acre :5 ! se$ are plant$ 9 ! hill2 b 9  
do+ ?is be> 9 m9d t y\r pr9cipal object 
is to raise cabbages1 & to succe$ 9 ?is 
! "y plants mu/ on no acc\nt be all[$ to
 /& s long toge!r 9 ! hills z to cr[d   
ea* o!r1 mak+ a tall1 weak1 sl5d]       
gr[?1--gett+ long-legg$1 z ! f>m]s call 
x4  ,if ! manure 9 any ( ! hills is too 
/rong1 ! fact w be kn[n by its effects  
on ! plants1 :i* w be *eck$ 9 _! gr[?1 &
 be ( a d>k] gre5 color ?an ! heal?y    
plants4 ,g5tly pull away ! e>? f ! roots
 ( su* ) ! f+]s1 & draw ar\nd fre% e>?2 
or1 :at is z well or bett]1 transplant a

 heal?y plant j on ! edge ( ! hill4 ,:5 
! plants are f+] high !y are ( a good   
size to transplant into su* hills z h   
miss$1 or to m>ket4 ,:5 transplant+1    
select a ra9y day1 if possible1 & d n   
beg9 until suffici5t ra9 has fall5 to   
moi/5 ! e>? ar\nd ! roots1 :i* w make x 
m likely to adh]e to !m :5 tak5 up4     
,take up ! "y plants by runn+ ! f+] or a
 tr[el "u !m2 put ^! into a flat basket 
or box1 & 9 transplant+ set !m to ! same
 dep? !y orig9ally grew1 press+ ! e>? a 
little ab\t ! roots4  ,if x is necess>y 
to d ! transplant+ 9 a dry spell1 z     
usually happ5s1 select ! latt] "p ( !   
aft]noon1 if practicable1 &1 mak+ holes 
) a dibble1 or any po9t$ /ick an in* & a
 half 9 diamet]1 fill ^! holes1 a score 
or m at a "t1 ) wat]2 & z soon z ! wat] 
is ab\t soak$ away1 beg9n+ ) ! hole fir/
 fill$1 set out y\r plants4 ,!          
evaporation ( ! moi/ure bel[ ! roots w  
keep !m moi/ until !y get a hold4       
,cabbage plants h great t5acity ( life1 
& w rally & gr[ :5 !y appe> to be dead2 

! leaves may all die1 & dry up l hay1 b 
if ! /ump /&s erect & ! unfold$ leaf at 
! top ( ! /ump is alive1 ! plant w      
usually survive4 ,:5 ! plants are q     
l>ge1 !y may be us$ successfully by     
cutt+ or break+ (f ! l>g] leaves4 ,"s   
advocate wilt+ ! plants be=e            
transplant+1 pil+ !m 9 ! cell> a few    
days be=e sett+ !m out1 to t\gh5 !m &   
get a new sett+ ( f9e roots2 o!rs       
*all5ge _! vigor by mak+ x a rule to d  
all transplant+ "u ! heat ( mid-day4 ,i 
?9k !re is n mu* ( reason 9 ?is latt]   
c\rse4 ,! "y plants c be set out almo/ z
 fa/ z a man c walk1 by hold+ ! roots   
close to "o side ( ! hole made by !     
dibble1 & at ! same mom5t press+ e>?    
aga9/ !m ) ! o!r h&4     ,,protect+ ,,! 
,,plants ,,f ,,_! ,,enemies4   ,z soon z
 !y h brok5 ?r\gh ! soil1 an enemy      
awaits !m 9 ! small black insect        
commonly kn[n z ! cabbage or turnip fly1
 beetle1 or flea4 ,?is insect1 ?\gh s   
small z to appe> to ! eye z a black dot1
 is v voraci\s & surpris+ly active4 ,he 

app>5tly fe$s on ! juice ( ! "y plant1  
p]=at+ x ) small holes ! size ( a p9    
po9t4 ,he is s active :5 di/urb$ t 8    
motions _c be foll[$ by ! eye1 & 8 s5se 
( dang] is s ke5 t only by cauti\sly    
approa*+ ! plant c he be se5 at all4 ,! 
delay ( a s+le day 9 protect+ ! "y      
plants f 8 ravages w sometimes be !     
de/ruction ( ne>ly ! entire piece4 ,wood
 a%es & air-slak$ lime1 spr9kl$ ^u !    
plants :ile ! leaves are moi/ f ei!r ra9
 or dew1 af=d almo/ complete protection4
 ,! lime or a%es %\ld be appli$ z soon z
 ! plant c be se51 = !n1 :5 !y are 9 _! 
t5d]e/ condition1 ! fly is mo/          
de/ructive4 ,i am n c]ta9 t ! alkal9e   
nature ( ^! af=ds ! protection1 or :e!r 
a m]e cov]+ by common du/ might n answ] 
equally well4 ,%\ld ! cov]+ be wa%$ (f  
by ra91 apply x anew imm$iately aft] !  
ra9 has ceas$1 & s cont9ue to keep ! "y 
plants cov]$ until ! ?ird or f\r? leaves
 are develop$ :5 !y w h become too t\gh 
to s]ve z food = ?is insect enemy4  ,a  
new enemy mu* dread$ by all cabbage     

rais]s w beg9 to make 8 appe>ance ab\t !
 "t ! flea disappe>s1 kn[n z ! cut-worm4
 ,?is worm is ( a dusky br[n color1 ) a 
d>k color$ head1 & v>ies 9 size up to   
ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,he burr[s 9 !   
gr\nd j bel[ ! surface1 is sl[ ( motion1
 & does 8 mis*iev\s "w at night1 gnaw+  
(f ! "y plants close at ! surface ( !   
gr\nd4 ,?is enemy is h>d to battle )4   
,if ! pat* be small1 ^! worms c be      
scrat*$ out ( _! hid+ places by pull+ ! 
e>? c>efully away ! foll[+ morn+ = a few
 in*es ar\nd ! /ump ( ! plant de/roy$1  
:5 ! rascals w usually be f\nd half     
coil$ toge!r4 ,dropp+ a little wood a%es
 ar\nd ! plants close to ! /umps is "o (
 ! be/ ( rem$ies2 its alkal9e prop]ties 
burn+ 8 nose ,i presume4 ,a tunnel (    
pap] put ar\nd ! /ump b n t\*+ x1 & sunk
 j bel[ ! surface1 is recomm5d$ z       
efficaci\s2 & f ! habits ( ! worm ,i    
%\ld ?9k x w\ld prove s4 ,p]p5dicul>    
holes f\r in*es deep & an in* 9 diamet] 
is said to cat* & hold !m z effectively 
z d ! pit falls ( ,africa ! wild        

animals4 ,late plant$ cabbage w suff]   
little or none f ?is pe/1 z he disappe>s
 ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,"s seasons !y  
are rem>kably num]\s1 mak+ x necess>y to
 replant portions ( ! cabbage pat*      
sev]al times ov]4 ,i h he>d ( z _m z    
tw5ty be+ dug at diff]5t times ! same   
season out ( "o cabbage hill4 ,! f>m] :o
 till$ t pat* e>n$ 8 doll>s4 ,:5 !      
cabbage has a /ump ! size ( a pipe /em x
 is beyond ! de/ructive ravages ( !     
cut-worm1 & %\ld x escape /ump foot has 
usually q a p]iod ( gr[? free f !       
attacks ( enemies4 ,%\ld ! season prove 
unpropiti\s & ! plant be *eck$ 9 its    
gr[?1 x w be apt to become l\sy1 z !    
f>m]s t]m x1 ref]r+ to its condition :5 
attack$ by a small gre5 insect kn[n z   
aphid1 :i* preys ^u x 9 myriads2 :5 ?is 
is ! case ! leaves lose _! bright gre51 
turn ( a blui% ca/1 ! leaf /ocks lose   
some:at ( _! support+ p[]s1 ! leaves    
curl up into irregul> %apes1 & ! l[]    
lay] turns black & drops (f1 :ile !     
gr\nd "u ! plant appe>s cov]$ ) ! ca/s  

or bodies ( ! insects z ) a :ite p[d]4  
,:5 9 ?is condition ! plants are 9 a v  
bad way4  ,consid]+ ! circum/ances "u   
:i* ?is insect appe>s1 usually 9 a v dry
 season1 ,i hold t x is r ! product ?an 
! cause ( disease1 z ) ! b>k l\se on our
 apple-trees2 z a rem$y ,i advocate     
spr9kl+ ! plants ) air-slak$ lime1      
wat]+1 if possible1 & a frequ5t & ?or\gh
 /irr+ ( ! soil ) ! cultivator & hoe4 ,!
 bett] ! opportunities ! cabbage h to   
develop !mselves ?r\gh high manur+1     
suffici5t moi/ure1 good dra9age1 &      
?or\gh cultivation1 ! less liable !y are
 to be l\sy4 ,z ! season advances !re w 
sometimes be f\nd pat*es eat5 out ( !   
leaves1 leav+ no?+ b ! skeleton ( leaf  
ve9s2 an exam9ation w %[ a b& (         
cat]pill>s ( a light gre5 color at "w1  
:o fe$ 9 a compact mass1 (t5times a     
squ>e1 ) z mu* regul>ity z ?\gh "u ! be/
 ( milit>y discipl9e4 ,! readie/ way to 
dispose ( !m is to break (f ! leaf &    
cru% !m "u foot4 ,! common l>ge r$      
cat]pill> occasionally preys on !       

plants1 eat+ l>ge holes 9 ! leaves1     
especially ab\t ! head4 ,:5 ! cabbage   
plot is bord]$ by grass l&1 9 seasons :5
 gras%opp]s are pl5ty1 !y w frequ5tly   
de/roy ! out] r[s1 punctur+ ! leaves )  
small holes1 & fe$+ on !m until little  
besides _! skeletons rema94 ,9 isolat$  
locations rabbits & o!r vegetable fe$]s 
sometimes commit depr$ations4 ,! sn>e & 
! %ot-gun are ! rem$y = ^!4  ,o!r       
insects t prey ^u ! cabbage tribe1 9 _! 
cat]pill> /ate1 are ! cabbage mo?1      
:ite-l9e1 br[n-ey$ mo?1 l>ge :ite g>d5  
butt]fly1 :ite & gre5 ve9$ butt]fly4    
,all ( ^! produce cat]pill>s1 :i* c be  
de/roy$ ei!r by application ( air-slak$ 
lime1 or by remov+ ! leaves infe/$ &    
cru%+ ! intrud]s "u foot4 ,!            
cabbage-fly1 fa!r-long-legs1 !          
millip$es1 ! blue cabbage-fly1 brassy   
cabbage-flea1 & two or ?ree o!r insect  
enemies are m5tion$ by ,mc,intosh z     
infe/+ ! cabbage fields ( ,engl&2 also  
?ree species ( fungi kn[n z :ite ru/1   
mildew1 & cyl9drosporium conc5tricum2 ^!

 la/ are de/roy$ by ! spr9kl+ (         
air-slak$ lime on ! leaves4 ,9 ?is      
c\ntry1 along ! sea coa/ ( ! nor!rn     
section1 9 op5-gr\nd cultivation1 !re is
 comp>atively b little injury done by ^!
 m>aud]s1 :i* are ! cause ( s mu*       
annoyance & loss to our ,engli% c\s9s4  
,,! ,,gre5 ,,worm4   ,a new & tr\blesome
 enemy to ! cabbage tribe :i* has made  
its appe>ance )9 a few ye>s1 & spread   
rapidly ov] a l>ge section ( ! c\ntry1  
is a gre5 worm1 ,an?omia brassic4 ,?is  
pe/ infe/s ! cabbage tribe at all /ages 
( its gr[?2 x is believ$ to h be5       
introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,europe1 by 
! way ( ,canada1 :]e x 0 probably br\ght
 9 a lot ( cabbage4 ,x is ! cat]pill> ( 
a :ite butt]fly ) black spots on its    
w+s4 ,9 ,europe1 ?is butt]fly is prey$  
on by two or m p>asites1 :i* keep x     
some:at 9 *eck2 b its rem>kably rapid   
increase 9 ?is c\ntry1 caus+ a wail (   
lam5tation to rise 9 a s+le season f !  
cabbage gr[]s ov] areas ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( 
squ>e miles1 prov$ t :5 x fir/ appe>$ x 

_h rea*$ ?is c\ntry )\t its att5dant    
p>asites4  ,besides ?is gre5 worm1 !re  
are f\nd 9 ,europe f\r v>ieties (       
cat]pill> v>i\sly m>k$1 ! cat]pill>s f  
all ( :i* make great havoc among !      
cabbage tribe4  ,! mo/ effective de/roy]
 ( ?is1 & ab\t e o!r insect pe/1 is :at 
is kn[n z ! ,k]os5e ,emulsion4 ,?is is  
made by *urn+ common k]os5e ) milk or   
soap until x is diffus$ ?r\gh ! liquid4 
,take "o qu>t ( k]os5e oil & p\r x into 
a p9t ( hot wat] 9 :i* an ounce ( common
 soap has be5 dissolv$2 *urn ?is briskly
 :ile hot 7a =ce pump is excell5t =     
?is71 &1 :5 well mix$1 :i* w be 9 a few 
m9utes1 x w be ( a creamy consi/5cy2 mix
 "o qu>t to t5 or twelve ( cold wat]1 & 
spray or spr9kle x ov] ! plants ) a     
=ce-pump syr+e or a :isk broom4  ,ano!r 
rem$y is pyre?rum4 ,use t :i* is fre%2  
ei!r bl[+ x on 9 a dry /ate ) a bell[s1 
:]ev] ! worm appe>s1 or us+ x dilut$1 at
 ! rate ( a tablespoonful to two gallons
 ( wat]2 apply+ z ) ! k]os5e emulsion4  
,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 :o is good au?ority

 on g>d5 matt]s1 succe$s by apply+      
t>-wat]4 ,place a c\ple ( qu>ts ( coal  
t> 9 a b>rel & fill ) wat]2 let x /&    
=ty-eight h\rs1 !n dip (f1 & apply ) a  
wat]+-pot1 or syr+e4  ,*ick5s all[$ to  
run freely among ! gr[+ plants1 ! h5 be+
 conf9$ 9 a movable coop1 if once       
attract$ to !m w fatt5 on !m4 ,?is rem$y
 might answ] v well = small plots4 ,l>ge
 areas 9 cabbage1 9 proportion to _!    
size are1 z a rule1 f> less injur$ by   
insect enemies ?an small pat*es4 ,! worm
 is ( late ye>s less tr\blesome 9 !     
,nor? ?an =m]ly4     ,,club ,,or ,,/ump 
,,foot ,,& ,,maggot4   ,! great dread ( 
e cabbage gr[] is a disease ( ! bran*+  
roots1 produc+ a bun*y1 gl&-l enl>gem5t1
 kn[n 9 diff]5t localities "u ! "n (    
club foot1 /ump foot1 und]gr\nd head1   
f+] & ?umb4 ,! result is a *eck 9 !     
asc5t ( ! sap1 :i* causes a defective   
vitality4 ,!re are two !ories z to !    
orig9 ( club foot2 "o t x is a disease  
caus$ by poor soil1 bad cultivation1 &  
unsuitable manures2 ! o!r t ! injury is 

done by an insect enemy1 ,curculio      
contractus4 ,x is held by "s t ! maggots
 at ! root are ! prog5y ( ! cabbage     
flea4 ,?is ,i d\bt4 ,?is insect1 pi]c+ !
 sk9 ( ! root1 deposits its eggs 9 !    
holes1 lives dur+ a "t on ! sap ( !     
plant1 & !n escapes & buries itself = a 
"t 9 ! soil4  ,if ! w>t1 or gl&-l       
excresc5ce1 is se5 :ile transplant+1 ?r[
 all su* plants away1 unless y\r supply 
is %ort2 9 su* case1 c>efully trim (f   
all ! diseas$ portions ) a %>p knife4   
,if ! disease is 9 ! gr[+ crop1 x w be  
made evid5t by ! droop+ ( ! leaves "u ! 
mid-day sun1 leaves ( diseas$ plants    
droop+ m ?an ^? ( heal?y ones1 :ile !y w
 usually h a blu] ca/4 ,%\ld ?is disease
 %[ itself1 set ! cultivator go+        
imm$iately1 & foll[ ) ! hoe1 draw+ up   
fre% e>? ar\nd ! plants1 :i* w enc\rage 
!m to =m new fibr\s roots2 %\ld !y d ?is
 freely1 ! plants w be sav$1 z ! attacks
 ( ! insect are usually conf9$ to !     
co>se1 bran*+ roots4 ,%\ld ! disease    
prevail z late z :5 ! plants h rea*$    

half _! gr[?1 ! *ances are decid$ly     
aga9/ rais+ a pay+ crop4  ,:5 ! l&      
plant$ is too wet1 or ! manure 9 ! hill 
is too /rong1 ?is dread$ disease is     
liable to be f\nd on any soil2 b x is   
mo/ likely to manife/ itself on soils t 
h be5 previ\sly cropp$ ) cabbage1       
turnip1 or "s o!r memb] ( ! ,brassica   
family4  ,f>m]s f9d t1 z a rule1 x is n 
safe to foll[ cabbage1 ruta baga1 or any
 ( ! ,brassica family1 ) cabbage1 unless
 ?ree or f\r ye>s h int]v5$ betwe5 !    
crops2 & ,i h kn[n an in/ance 9 gr[+ !  
,m>blehead ,mammo?1 :]e1 ?\gh five ye>s 
_h int]v5$1 t portion ( ! piece occupi$ 
by ! previ\s crop c\ld be di/9ctly m>k$ 
(f by ! pres5ce ( club-foot4  ,s+ul> z x
 may appe>1 old g>d5s are an exception  
to ?is rule4 ,:ile x is next to         
impossible to raise1 9 old g>d5s1 a fair
 turnip1 free f club-foot1 cabbages may 
be rais$ ye> aft] ye> on ! same soil )  
impunity1 or1 at lea/1 ) b trifl+ injury
 f t disease4 ,?is seems to prove1      
contr>y to ,engli% au?ority1 t club-foot

 9 ! turnip tribe is ! effect ( a       
diff]5t cause f ! same disease 9 !      
cabbage family4  ,!re is ano!r position 
tak5 by ,/eph5s 9 8 ,book ( ! ,f>m1 :i* 
facts seem to disprove4 ,he puts =? !   
!ory t all su* diseases arise f pov]ty (
 ! soil1 ei!r f want ( manure :5 ! soil 
is naturally poor1 or r5d]$ effete by   
ov]-cropp+4 ,!re is a f>m on a neck ( l&
 belong+ to ?is t[n 7,m>blehead1        
,mass471 :i* has peculi> advantages =   
collect+ sea kelp & sea moss1 & ^!      
manures are !re us$ mo/ lib]ally1       
p>ticul>ly 9 ! cultivation ( cabbage1 f 
eight to twelve cords ( rott5 kelp1 :i* 
is /rong] ?an b>n manure1 & m suitable  
food = cabbage1 be+ us$ to ! acre4 ,a   
few ye>s ago1 on a *ange ( t5ants1 ! new
 incumb5t heavily manur$ a piece =      
cabbage1 & plant$ x2 b1 z ! season      
advanc$1 /ump-foot develop$ 9 e cabbage 
on "o side ( ! piece1 :ile all ! rema9d]
 7 heal?y4 ,^u inquiry1 he le>n$ t1 by  
mi/ake1 he _h ov]lapp$ ! cabbage plot ( 
la/ season j s f> z ! /ump-foot ext5d$4 

,9 ?is in/ance1 x c\ld n h be5 t !      
cabbage suff]$ = want ( food2 =1 n only 
0 ! piece heavily manur$ t ye> & ! ye>  
previ\s1 b x _h be5 lib]ally manur$     
?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s1 &1 to a l>ge      
ext5t1 ) ! manure :i*1 ( all o!rs1 !    
cabbage tribe delight 91 rott5 kelp &   
sea mosses4 ,i h kn[n o!r in/ances :]e  
soil1 naturally q /rong1 & kept heavily 
manur$ = a s]ies ( ye>s1 has %[n        
/ump-foot :5 cabbage 7 plant$1 )        
int]vals ( two & ?ree ye>s betwe54 ,my  
!ory is1 t ! m]e pres5ce ( ! cabbage    
causes /ump-foot on succe$+ crops gr[n  
on ! same soil4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact 
t :]e a piece ( l& 9 grass1 close adjo9+
 a piece ( gr[+ cabbage1 _h be5 us$ =   
/ripp+ !m = m>ket1 :5 ?is 0 brok5 up !  
next season & plant$ to cabbage1        
/ump-foot appe>$ only on t portion :]e !
 wa/e leaves fell ! ye> previ\s4 ,i h   
ano!r in/ance to ! same po9t1 told me by
 an obs]v+ f>m]1 t1 on a piece ( sod l&1
 on :i* he ran 8 cultivator ! ye>       
previ\s1 :5 turn+ 8 horse e "t he _h    

cultivat$ a r[1 he _h /ump-foot$ cabbage
 ! next season j z f> z t cultivator    
w5t1 dragg+1 ( c\rse1 a few leaves & a  
little e>? f ! cabbage piece ) x4 ,/ill1
 ?\gh ! m]e pres5ce ( cabbage causes    
/ump-foot1 x is a fact1 t1 "u c]ta9     
conditions1 cabbage c be gr[n on ! same 
piece ( l& ye> aft] ye> successfully1 ) 
b v little tr\ble f /ump-foot4 ,9 ?is   
t[n 7,m>blehead71 ?\gh1 z ,i h /at$1 we 
_c1 on our f>ms1 foll[ cabbage )        
cabbage1 ev5 ) ! highe/ ( manur+ &      
cultivation1 yet 9 ! g>d5s ( ! t[n1 on !
 same k9d ( soil 7& our soil is gre5    
/one & sy5ite1 n naturally conta9+      
lime71 !re are in/ances :]e cabbage has 
be5 successfully foll[$ by cabbage1 on !
 same spot1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury & m4 ,9
 ! g>d5 ( an ag$ citiz5 ( ?is t[n1      
cabbages h be5 rais$ on ! same spot ( l&
 = ov] half a c5tury4  ,! cause ( /ump  
foot _c1 !re=e1 be f\nd 9 ! pov]ty ( !  
soil1 ei!r f want ( manure or its hav+  
be5 r5d]$ effete f ov] cropp+4 ,x is    
evid5t t by long cultivation soils      

gradually h diffus$ ?r\gh !m some?+ t   
proves inimical to ! disease t produces 
/ump foot4 ,i w sugge/ z probable t !   
protection is af=d$ by ! pres5ce ( "s   
alkali t old g>d5s are con/antly acquir+
 ?r\gh h\se wa/e :i* is always f9d+ its 
way !re1 p>ticul>ly ! slops f ! s9k1 :i*
 ab\nd 9 pota%4 ,?is is r5d]$ fur!r     
probable f ! fact giv5 by ,mr4 ,pet]    
,h5d]son1 t1 on soils 9 ?is vic9ity1    
naturally ab\nd+ 9 lime1 cabbage c be   
rais$ ye> foll[+ ye> ) almo/ immunity f 
/ump foot4 ,he ascribes ?is to ! effects
 ( lime 9 ! soil d]iv$ f m>9e %ells1 &  
recomm5ds t lime f bones be us$ to      
secure ! same protection2 b ! lime t    
ent]s into ! composition ( m>9e %ells is
 = ! mo/ "p c>bonate ( lime1 :]eas !    
great] portion ( t :i* ent]s into !     
composition ( bones is phosphate ( lime4
 ,common air-slak$ lime is almo/ pure   
c>bonate ( lime1 & h5ce comes ne>] to ! 
composition ( m>9e %ells ?an lime f     
bones1 &1 be+ mu* *eap]1 w\ld appe> to  
be pref]able4  ,an able f>m] told me t  

by us+ wood a%es lib]ally he c\ld foll[ 
) cabbage ! next season on ! same piece4
 ,"o exp]im5t ( my own 9 ?is direction  
did n prove successful1 :]e a%es at !   
rate ( two hundr$ bu%els to ! acre 7    
us$2 & ,i h an impression t ,i h read ( 
a l want ( success aft] q lib]al        
applications ( lime4 ,9 a m rec5t       
exp]im5t1 on a gravelly loam on "o ( my 
se$ f>ms 9 ,middleton1 ,mass41 :]e two  
hundr$ bu%els ( unlea*$ a%es 7 us$ p]   
acre1 ?ree-f\r?s broadca/1 ,i h _h      
complete success1 rais+ z good a crop z 
,i ev] grew ! second ye> on ! same l&1  
)\t a s+le /ump foot on half an acre4   
,/ill1 x rema9s evid5t1 ,i ?9k1 t nature
 prev5ts /ump foot by ! diffus+ (       
alkalies ?r\gh ! soil1 & ,i mi/ru/ t !  
reason :y we sometimes fail ) ! same    
rem$ies is t we h !m mix$1 r ?an        
intimately comb9$1 ) ! p>ticles ( soil4 
,! roots ( "y plants are sometimes      
attack$ by a maggot1 ?\gh !re is no club
 root pres5t4 ,a rem$y = ?is is said to 
be 9 ! bury+ ( a small piece (          

bi-sulphide ( c>bon )9 a few in*es ( !  
diseas$ plant4 ,i h nev] tri$ x1 b "k t 
!re is no bett] insecticide4  ,z ,i h   
/at$ "u ano!r head1 an attack ( club    
foot is almo/ sure to foll[ ! use ( pure
 hog manure1 :e!r x be us$ broadca/ or 9
 ! hill4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s ago ,i v5tur$ to 
use hog manure ne>ly pure1 spread       
broadca/ & pl\gh$ 94 ,/ump foot soon %[$
 itself4 ,i cultivat$ & ho$ ! cabbage   
?or\ghly2 !n1 z !y /ill appe>$ sickly1  
,i _h ! entire piece ?or\ghly dug ov] ) 
a six-t9$ =k1 pu%+ x z deep or deep]    
into ! soil ?an ! pl\gh _h gone1 to br+ 
up ! manure to ! surface2 b all 0 ( no  
use2 ,i lo/ ! entire crop4 ,yet1 on     
ano!r occasion1 /able manure on :i* hogs
 _h be5 kept at ! rate ( two hogs to ea*
 animal1 gave me "o ( ! f9e/ lots (     
cabbage ,i ev] rais$4     ,,c>e ,,( ,,! 
,,gr[+ ,,crop4   ,z soon z ! "y plants  
are l>ge en\gh to be se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 9
 ) ! cultivator & g & return once 9 ea* 
r[1 be+ c>eful n to h any lumps ( e>?   
cov] ! plants4 ,foll[ ! cultivator      

imm$iately ) ! hoe1 loos5+ ! soil ab\t !
 hills4 ,! old rule ) f>m]s is to       
cultivate & hoe cabbage ?ree times dur+ 
_! gr[?1 & x is a rule t works v well   
:]e ! crop is 9 good gr[+ condition2 b  
if ! manure is defici5t1 ! soil bakes1  
or ! plants %[ signs ( disease1 !n      
cultivate & hoe once or twice extra4    
,hoe cabbage :5 wet1 is ano!r f>m]'s    
axiom4 ,9 a small g>d5 pat* ! soil may  
be /irr$ among ! plants z (t5 z may be  
conv5i5t3 x c d no h>m2 cabbages reli%  
t5d+1 ?\gh x is n necess>y to d ?is e   
day1 z "o en?usia/ic cultivator evid5tly
 ?\ght1 :o decl>$ t1 by hoe+ 8 cabbages 
e morn+1 he _h succe$$ 9 rais+ capital  
heads4  ,if a season ( dr\? occurs :5 ! 
cabbages h begun to head1 ! heads w h>d5
 prematurely2 & !n %\ld a heavy ra9     
fall1 !y w />t to make a new gr[?1 & !  
consequ5ce w be _m ( !m w split4 ,split 
or bur/$ cabbage are a s\rce ( great    
loss to ! f>m]1 & ?is %\ld be c>efully  
gu>d$ aga9/ by go+ frequ5tly ov] ! piece
 :5 ! heads are sett+1 & />t+ e cabbage 

t appe>s to be ab\t mature4 ,a          
/\t-prong$ potato hoe appli$ j "u !     
leaves1 & a pull giv5 suffici5t to />t !
 roots on "o side1 w accompli% :at is   
ne$$4 ,if cabbage t h once be5 />t$ seem
 /ill incl9$ to bur/1 />t ! roots on !  
o!r side4 ,in/ead ( a hoe !y may be pu%$
 ov] ) ! foot1 or ) ! h&4 ,frequ5tly1   
heads t are ?us />t$ w gr[ to d\ble !   
size !y _h atta9$ :5 ab\t to bur/4 ,!re 
is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ?is habit 9 diff]5t
 v>ieties ( cabbage4 ,i f9d t !         
,h>d-head+ is less incl9$ to bur/ its   
head ?an any ( ! k9ds ,i raise4         
,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,crop4   ,:5 prep>+ =     
m>ket cabbages t h be5 kept ov] w9t]1   
p>ticul>ly if !y are m>ket$ late 9 !    
season1 ! edges ( ! leaves ( "s ( !     
heads w be f\nd to be m or less decay$2 
d n /rip su* leaves (f1 b ) a %>p knife 
cut clean (f ! decay$ edges4 ,! e>li] ! 
v>iety ! soon] x ne$s to be m>ket$1 =1 z
 a rule1 cabbages pu% _! %oots 9 ! spr+ 
9 ! ord] ( _! e>l9ess4 ,if !y h n be5   
suffici5tly protect$ f ! cold1 ! /umps w

 (t5 rot (f close to ! head1 & sometimes
 ! rot w include ! "p ( ! /ump t ent]s !
 head4 ,if ! wat]y-look+ portion c be   
cut clean out1 ! head is salable2       
o!rwise x w be apt to h an unpleasant   
flavor :5 cook$4 ,z a rule1 cabbages =  
m>ket+ %\ld be trimm$ into z compact a  
=m z possible2 ! heads %\ld be cut (f   
close to ! /ump1 leav+ two or ?ree sp>e 
leaves to protect !m4 ,!y may be br\ght 
out ( ! piece 9 bu%el baskets1 & be pil$
 on ! wagon z high z a hay /ack1 be+    
kept 9 place by a /\t canvas %eet ti$   
closely d[n4 ,9 ! m>kets ( ,bo/on1 9 !  
fall ( ! ye>1 !y are usually sold at a  
price agre$ ^u by ! hundr$ head2 ?is w  
v>y n only ) ! size & quality ( !       
cabbage1 b ) ! season1 ! crop1 & !      
quality 9 m>ket on t p>ticul> day4 ,)9 a
 few ye>s ,i h kn[n ! range ( price = ! 
,/one ,mason or ,fottl] cabbage1 equal 9
 size & quality1 to be f #c to #ag p]   
hundr$2 = ! ,m>blehead ,mammo? f #f to  
#be p] hundr$4 ,cabbages br\ght to m>ket
 9 ! spr+ are usually sold by weight or 

by ! b>rel1 at f #a to #d p] hundr$     
p\nds4  ,! e>lie/ cabbages c>ri$ to     
m>ket sometimes br+ extraord9>y prices2 
& ?is has creat$ a ke5 competition among
 m>ket g>d5]s1 ea* /riv+ to produce !   
e>lie/1 a diff]5ce ( a week 9 m>ket+    
(t5times mak+ a diff]5ce ( "o half 9 !  
pr(its ( ! crop4 ,capt4 ,wyman1 :o      
controll$ ! ,e>ly ,wyman cabbage =      
sev]al ye>s1 sold "s seasons ?irty ?\s& 
heads if my memory s]ves me1 at pretty  
mu* 8 own price4 ,z a rule1 x is ! v    
e>ly & ! v late cabbages t sell mo/     
pr(itably4 ,%\ld ! m>ket = v late       
cabbages prove a poor "o1 ! f>m] is n   
compell$ to sell !m1 no matt] at :at    
sacrifice1 z w\ld be ! case a mon?      
e>li]2 he c pit !m1 & s keep !m ov] to !
 e>ly spr+ m>ket :i* is almo/ always a  
pr(itable "o4 ,9 m>ket+ 9 spr+ x %\ld be
 ! aim to make sale be=e ! crops ( spr+ 
gre5s become pl5ty1 z ^! replace !      
cabbage on _m tables4 ,by />t+ cabbage 9
 hot b$s a crop ( cel]y or squa%es may  
foll[ !m ! same season4     ,,keep+     

,,cabbages ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,w9t]4   ,9 !   
comp>atively mild climate ( ,engl&1 :]e 
!re are b few days 9 ! w9t] mon?s t !   
gr\nd rema9s froz5 to any dep?1 ! h>dy  
cabbage gr[s all seasons ( ! ye>1 &     
turnips left dur+ w9t] /&+ 9 ! gr\nd are
 f$ to %eep by y>d+ !m ov] ! diff]5t    
portions ( ! field4 ,) ! same impunity1 
9 ! s\!rn portion ( our own c\ntry1 !   
cabbages are left unprotect$ dur+ ! w9t]
 mon?s2 &1 9 ! w>m] portions ( ! ,s\? !y
 are pr9cipally a w9t] crop4 ,z we      
advance f>!r ,nor?1 we f9d t ! degree ( 
protection ne$$ is af=d$ by runn+ !     
pl\gh along ea* side ( ! r[s1 turn+ !   
e>? aga9/ !m1 & dropp+ a little litt] on
 top ( ! heads4 ,z we advance /ill f>!r 
nor?w>d1 we f9d suffici5t protection    
giv5 by b little m ?an a r\gh ro( (     
bo>ds ?r[n ov] ! heads1 aft] remov+ !   
cabbages to a %elt]$ spot & sett+ !m 9 !
 gr\nd z ne> toge!r z !y w /& )\t be+ 9 
contact1 ) ! tops ( ! heads j level ) ! 
surface4  ,9 ! latitude ( c5tral ,new   
,engl&1 cabbages are n secure f injury f

 fro/ ) less ?an a foot ( e>? ?r[n ov] !
 heads4 ,9 mild w9t]s a cov]+ ( half t  
dep? w be suffici5t2 b z we h no        
prophets to =etell our mild w9t]s1 a    
foot ( e>? is saf] ?an six in*es4 ,:]e  
eel-grass c be procur$ along ! sea coa/1
 or !re is /raw or co>se hay to sp>e1 ! 
bett] plan is to cov] ) ab\t six in*es (
 e>?1 & :5 ?is is froz5 suffici5tly h>d 
to be> a man's weight 7:i* is usually   
ab\t ,?anksgiv+ "t71 to scatt] ov] x !  
eel-grass1 =e/ leaves1 /raw1 or co>se   
hay1 to ! dep? ( ano!r six in*es4       
,eel-grass1 :i* gr[s on ! s&y flats "u !
 ocean along ! coa/1 is pref]r$ to any  
o!r cov]+ z x lays light & keeps 9 dead 
air :i* is a non-conductor ( heat4 ,=e/ 
leaves are next 9 value2 b sn[ & wat]   
are apt to get among ^! & freez+ solid  
de/roy mo/ ( _! protect+ value4 ,:5 ,i  
use =e/ leaves1 ,i cov] !m ) co>se hay1 
& add bran*es ( trees to prev5t its be+ 
bl[n away4 ,9 keep+ cabbages ?r\gh !    
w9t]1 ?ree g5]al facts %\ld be borne 9  
m9d1 viz43 t repeat$ freez+ & ?aw+ w    

cause !m to rot2 t excessive moi/ure or 
w>m? w also cause rot2 :ile a dry air1  
su* z is f\nd 9 mo/ cell>s1 w ab/ract   
moi/ure f ! leaves1 injure ! flavor ( ! 
cabbage1 & cause "s ( ! heads to wilt1 &
 ! h>d] heads to wa/e4 ,9 ! ,middle     
,/ates we h mo/ly to fe> ! wet ( w9t]1 &
 ! plan = keep+ = t section %\ld1 !re=e1
 h p>ticul>ly 9 view protection f       
moi/ure1 :ile 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates we h to
 fe> ! cold ( w9t]1 &1 consequ5tly1 our 
plan mu/ !re h specially 9 view         
protection f cold4  ,:5 /or+ = w9t]1    
select a dry day1 if possible1          
suffici5tly long aft] ra9y wea!r to h ! 
leaves free ( wat]1--o!rwise !y w sp\t x
 on to y1 & make y ! wette/ & muddie/   
sc>ecr[ ev] se5 (f a f>m1--!n /rip all !
 out] leaves f ! head b ! two la/ r[s1  
:i* are ne$$ to protect x4 ,?is may be  
readily done by draw+ 9 ^! two r[s t[>d 
! head ) ! left h&1 :ile a bl[ is /ruck 
aga9/ ! rema9+ leaves ) ! fi/ ( ! "r h&4
 ,next pull up ! cabbages1 :i*1 if !y   
are ( ! l>ge/ v>ieties1 may be          

exp$iti\sly done by a potato hoe4 ,if !y
 are n int5d$ = se$ purposes1 /& ! heads
 d[n & /umps up until ! e>? on ! roots  
is some:at dry1 :5 x c be mo/ly remov$  
by %>p bl[s aga9/ ! /ump giv5 ) a /\t   
/ick4 ,9 load+ d n bruise ! heads4      
,select ! place = keep+ !m 9 a dry1     
level location1 &1 if 9 ! ,nor?1 a s\!rn
 exposure1 :]e no wat] c /& & !re c be  
no wa%4 ,to make ! pit1 run ! pl\gh     
along f two to f\r furr[s1 & ?r[ out !  
soil ) ! %ovel to ! requisite dep?1 :i* 
may be f six to t5 in*es2 n[1 if !      
design is to ro( ov] ! pit1 ! cabbages  
may be put 9 z ?ickly z !y w /&2 if !   
heads are solid !y may be ei!r head up  
or /ump up1 & two lay]s deep2 b if !    
heads are s(t1 !n heads up & "o deep1 & 
n cr[d$ v close1 t !y may h room to make
 heads dur+ ! w9t]4 ,hav+ excavat$ an   
area twelve by six feet1 set a c\ple (  
po/s 9 ! gr\nd midway at ea* end1       
project+ ab\t five feet above ! surface2
 connect ! two by a joi/ secur$ firmly  
to ! top ( ea*1 & aga9/ ?is1 ext5d+ to !

 gr\nd j outside ! pit1 lay slabs1 bo>ds
 or poles1 & cov] ! ro( t w be ?us =m$ )
 six in*es ( /raw or old hay1 &1 if 9 ! 
,nor?1 ?r[ six or eight in*es ( e>? ov] 
?is4 ,leave "o end op5 = entrance & to  
air ! pit1 clos+ ! o!r end ) /raw or    
hay4 ,9 ! ,nor? close bo? ends1 op5+ "o 
( !m occasionally 9 mild wea!r4  ,:5    
cabbages are pitt$ on a l>ge scale ?is  
sy/em ( ro(+ is too co/ly & too         
cumb]some4 ,a few ?\s& may be kept 9 a  
cool root cell>1 by putt+ "o lay] heads 
d[n1 & /&+ ano!r lay] heads up betwe5   
^!4 ,)9 a few ye>s f>m]s 9 ! vic9ity (  
,l[ell1 ,mass41 h pres]v$ _! cabbages   
ov] w9t]1 on a l>ge scale1 by a new     
me?od1 ) results t h be5 v satisfactory4
 ,!y cut (f t portion ( ! /ump :i*      
conta9s ! root2 /rip (f mo/ ( ! out]    
leaves1 & !n pile ! cabbages 9 piles1   
six or eight feet high1 9 d\ble r[s1 )  
bo>ds to keep !m ap>t1 9 cool cell>s1   
:i* are built half out ( gr\nd4 ,!      
temp]ature ( ^!1 by ! judici\s op5+ &   
clos+ ( w9d[s1 is kept z ne>ly z        

possibly at ! freez+ po9t4 ,! common    
practice 9 ! ,nor?1 :5 _m ?\s&s are to  
be /or$ = w9t] & spr+ sales1 is to      
select a s\!rn exposure hav+ !          
protection ( a f5ce or wall1 if         
practicable1 &1 turn+ furr[s ) ! pl\gh1 
?r[ out ! e>? ) %ovels1 to ! dep? ( ab\t
 six in*es2 ! cabbages1 /ripp$ z be=e   
describ$1 are !n /or$ closely toge!r1 & 
/raw or co>se hay is ?r[n ov] !m to !   
dep? ( a foot or eighte5 in*es4         
,protect$ ?us !y are accessible = m>ket 
at any "t dur+ ! w9t]4 ,if ! design is  
to keep !m ov] till spr+1 ! cov]+ may be
 fir/ six in*es ( e>?1 to be foll[$1 z  
cold increases1 ) six in*es ( /raw1     
litt]1 or eel-grass4 ,?is latt] is my   
own practice1 ) ! addition ( leav+ a    
ridge ( e>? betwe5 e ?ree or f\r r[s1 to
 act z a support & keep ! cabbages f    
fall+ ov]4 ,i am1 also1 c>eful to br+ ! 
cabbages to ! pit z soon z pull$1 ) !   
e>? among ! roots z little di/urb$ z    
possible2 &1 %\ld ! roots appe> to be   
dry1 to ?r[ a little e>? ov] !m aft] !  

cabbages are set 9 ! tr5*4 ,! few loose 
leaves rema9+ w prev5t ! e>? f sift+ d[n
 betwe5 ! heads1 & ! air *amb]s ?us made
 answ] a capital purpose 9 keep+ out !  
cold1 z air is "o ( ! be/ non-conductors
 ( heat4 ,x is said t muck-soil1 :5 well
 dra9$1 is an excell5t "o to bury       
cabbage 91 z its antiseptic prop]ties   
pres]ve !m f decay4 ,if ! object is to  
pres]ve ! cabbage = m>ket purposes only1
 ! heads may be buri$ 9 ! same position 
9 :i* !y grew1 or !y may be inv]t$1 !   
/ump hav+ no value 9 itself2 b if = se$ 
purposes1 !y mu/ be buri$ head up1 z1   
:atev] injures ! /ump1 spoils ! :ole    
cabbage = t object4 ,i /ore betwe5 t5 & 
fifty ?\s& heads annually to raise se$  
f1 & c>ry !m ?r\gh till plant+ "t ) a   
degree ( success v>y+ f a loss1 = se$   
purposes1 ( f "o-half to ?irty-?ree p]  
c5t4 ( ! numb] buri$2 b1 if h&l$ e>ly 9 
spr+1 _m t w\ld be wor?less = se$       
purposes1 c\ld be pr(itably m>ket$4 ,a  
few ye>s s9ce1 ,i buri$ a lot ) a dep?  
v>y+ f "o to f\r feet1 & f\nd1 on       

uncov]+ !m 9 ! spr+1 t all _h kept1 &   
app>5tly equally well4 ,9 ! w9t] (      
#ahfh1 excessively cold wea!r came v    
e>ly & unexpect$ly1 be=e my cabbage plot
 _h receiv$ its full cov]+ ( litt]4 ,!  
consequ5ce 01 ! fro/ p5etrat$ s deep t x
 froze ?r\gh ! heads into ! /umps1 &1 :5
 spr+ came1 a l>ge portion ( !m came out
 spoil$ = se$ purposes1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m   
sold readily 9 ! m>ket4 ,a cabbage is   
r5d]$ wor?less = se$ :5 ! fro/ /rikes   
?r\gh ! /ump :]e x jo9s ! head2 & ?\gh1 
to ! unpractis$ eye1 all may appe> "r1  
yet1 if ! he>t ( ! /ump has a wat]-soak$
 appe>ance on be+ cut into1 x w almo/   
uni=mly decay j bel[ ! head 9 ! c\rse ( 
a few weeks aft] hav+ be5 plant$ out4   
,if !re is a probability t ! /umps h be5
 froz5 ?r\gh1 exam9e ! plot e>ly1 &1 if 
x proves s1 sell ! cabbages = eat+      
purposes1 no matt] h[ s\nd & h&some !   
heads look2 if y delay until "t = plant+
 out ! cabbage = se$1 mean:ile mu* wa/e 
w occur4 ,i once lo/ heavily 9          
,m>blehead ,mammo? cabbage by hav+ !m   

buri$ on a hill-side ) a g5tle slope4 ,9
 ! c\rse ( ! w9t] !y fell ov] on _!     
sides1 :i* let d[n ! soil f above1 &1   
clos+ ! air-*amb]s betwe5 !m1 br\ght !  
huge heads into a mass1 & ! result 01 a 
l>ge proportion ( !m rott$ badly4 ,at   
ano!r "t1 ,i lo/ a :ole plot by bury+ !m
 9 soil betwe5 l$ges ( rock1 :i* kept ! 
gr\nd v wet :5 spr+ op5$2 ! consequ5ce  
01 e cabbage rott$4 ,if ! heads are     
froz5 m ?an two or ?ree leaves deep be=e
 !y are pitt$ !y w n come out s h&some 9
 ! spr+2 b cabbages are v h>dy1 & !y    
readily rally f a little freez+1 ei!r 9 
! op5 gr\nd or aft] !y are buri$1 ?\gh x
 is be/1 :5 !y are froz5 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 
to let !m rema9 !re until ! fro/ comes  
out be=e remov+ !m1 if x c be done )\t  
too mu* risk ( freez+ /ill deep]1 z !y  
h&le bett] !n1 =1 be+ t\gh]1 ! leaves   
are n s easily brok54 ,if ! soil is     
froz5 to any dep? be=e ! cabbages are   
remov$1 ! roots w be likely to be injur$
 9 ! pull+1 a matt] ( no consequ5ce if !
 cabbages are int5d$ = m>ket1 b ( "s    

importance if !y are = se$ rais+4 ,l>ge 
cabbages are m easily pull$ by giv+ !m a
 little twi/2 if = se$ purposes1 ?is    
%\ld be avoid$1 z x injures ! /ump4 ,a  
small lot1 t are to be us$ )9 a mon?1 c 
be kept hung up by ! /ump 9 ! cell> ( a 
dwell+-h\se2 !y w keep 9 ?is way until  
spr+2 b ! out] leaves w dry & turn      
yell[1 ! heads %r9k "s 9 size1 & be apt 
to lose 9 quality4 ,"s practise putt+   
clean *opp$ /raw 9 ! bottom ( a box or  
b>rel1 wett+ x1 & cov]+ ) heads trimm$  
ready = cook+1 add+ aga9 wet /raw & a   
lay] ( heads1 s alt]nat+ until ! b>rel  
or box is fill$1 aft] :i* x is head$ up 
& kept 9 a cool place1 at1 or a little  
bel[1 ! freez+ po9t4 ,no d\bt ?is is an 
excell5t way to pres]ve a small lot1 z x
 has ! two ess5tials to success1 keep+  
!m cool & moi/4  ,in/ead ( bury+ !m 9 an
 upright position1 aft] a deep furr[ has
 be5 made ! cabbages are sometimes laid 
on _! sides two deep1 ) _! roots at !   
bottom ( ! furr[1 & cov]$ ) e>? 9 ?is   
position4 ,:]e ! w9t] climate is s mild 

t a %all[ cov]+ w be suffici5t          
protection1 ?is me?od saves mu* labor4  
,,hav+ ,,cabbage ,,make ,,heads ,,9     
,,w9t]4   ,:5 a piece ( drumhead has be5
 plant$ v late 7sometimes !y are plant$ 
on gr\nd brok5 up aft] a crop ( hay has 
be5 tak5 f x ! same season71 !re w be a 
p] c5t4 ( ! plants :5 ! gr[+ season is  
ov] t h n head$4 ,) c>e almo/ all ( ^! c
 be made to head dur+ ! w9t]4 ,a few    
ye>s ago ,i select$ my se$ heads f a    
l>ge piece & !n sold ! fir/ pick ( :at  
rema9$ at t5 c5ts a head1 ! second at   
eight c5ts1 & s d[n until all 7 tak5 =  
:i* pur*as]s 7 will+ to give "o c5t ea*4
 ,( c\rse1 aft] su* a ?or\gh sell+ out z
 ?is1 !re 0 n mu* 9 ! %ape ( a head     
left4 ,i n[ _h :at rema9$ pull$ up &    
c>t$ away1 d\btful :e!r to fe$ !m to !  
c[s or to set !m out to head up dur+    
w9t]4 ,z !y 7 v heal?y plants 9 ! full  
vigor ( gr[?1 hav+ rudim5t>y heads j    
ga!r+ 91 ,i det]m9$ to set !m out4 ,i _h
 a pit dug deep en\gh to br+ ! tops ( ! 
heads1 :5 ! plants 7 /ood upright z !y  

grew1 j above ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 ,i !n
 /ood ! cabbages 9 )\t break+ (f any ( !
 leaves1 keep+ ! roots well cov]$ ) e>?1
 hav+ ! plants f> en\gh ap>t n to cr[d  
ea* o!r v mu*1 ?\gh s ne> z to press    
some:at toge!r ! two out] circles (     
leaves4 ,!y 7 all[$ to rema9 9 ?is      
condition until x 0 cold en\gh to freeze
 ! gr\nd an in* 9 ?ickness1 :5 a cov]+ (
 co>se hay 0 ?r[n ov] !m a c\ple ( in*es
 ?ick1 &1 z ! cold increas$ 9 int5sity1 
?is cov]+ 0 increas$ to t5 or twelve    
in*es 9 ?ickness1 ! additions be+ made  
at two or ?ree int]vals4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i   
uncov]$ ! lot1 & f\nd t ne>ly e plant _h
 head$ up4 ,i sold ! heads = f\r c5ts a 
p\nd2 & ^! refuse cabbages av]ag$ me    
ab\t t5 c5ts a head1 :i* 0 ! price my   
be/ heads br\ght me 9 ! fall4 ,i h se5  
?\s&s ( cabbages 9 "o lot1 ! refuse (   
sev]al acres t _h be5 plant$ on sod l&  
brok5 up ! same season a crop ( hay _h  
be5 tak5 f x1 made to head by ?is c\rse1
 & sold 9 ! spr+ = #a4cj p] b>rel4 ,:5  
!re is a l>ge lot ( su* cabbages ! mo/  

economical way to plant !m w be 9 furr[s
 made by ! pl\gh4 ,mo/ ( ! b$d+ us$ 9   
cov]+ !m1 if x be z co>se z x ought to  
be to admit z mu* air z possible :ile x 
%\ld n mat d[n on ! cabbages1 w1 ) c>e 9
 dry+1 be aga9 available = cov]+ ano!r  
season1 or rema9 suitable = b$d+        
purposes4 ,^! w9t]-head$ cabbages1 z !y 
are call$ 9 ! m>ket1 are n s solid & h m
 %r9kage to !m ?an ^? head$ 9 ! op5     
gr\nd2 h5ce !y w n be> transportation z 
well1 nei!r w !y keep z long :5 expos$  
to ! air4 ,! effect ( w9t]+ cabbage by  
bury+ 9 ! soil is to make !m exce$+ly   
t5d] = table use4     ,,v>ieties ,,(    
,,cabbage4   ,if a piece ( l& is plant$ 
) se$ gr[n f two heads ( cabbage !      
product w be> a /rik+ resemblance to !  
two p>5t cabbages1 ) a ?ird v>iety :i* w
 comb9e ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! two1 yet !   
resemblance w be some:at modifi$ at     
times by a little m manure1 a little    
high] culture1 a little bett] location1 
& ! addition ( an individuality t       
p>ticul> vegetables occasionally take ^u

 !mselves :i* we designate by ! ^w      
sport4 ,! sports :5 !y occur are fix$ & 
p]petuat$ ) rem>kable read9ess 9 !      
cabbage family1 z is prov$ by a great   
numb] ( v>ieties 9 cultivation1 :i* are 
! num]\s prog5y ( "o ance/or4 ,!        
catalogues ( ! ,engli% & ,fr5* se$sm5   
conta9 long li/s ( v>ieties1 _m ( :i* 7&
 ?is is especially true ( ! e>ly k9ds7  
are ei!r ! same v>iety "u a diff]5t "n  
or are diff]5t /ra9s ( ! same v>iety    
produc$ by ! c>eful selections ( prom95t
 m>ket g>d5]s ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s4  ,e 
season ,i exp]im5t ) =eign & ,am]ican   
v>ieties ( cabbage to le>n ! *>act]i/ics
 ( ! diff]5t k9ds1 _! comp>ative        
e>l9ess1 size1 %ape1 & h>dness ( head1  
l5g? ( /ump1 & su* o!r facts z w\ld     
prove ( value to m>ket g>d5]s4 ,!re is  
"o fact t e c>eful exp]im5t] soon le>ns1
 t "o season w n tea* all t c be kn[n   
relative to a v>iety1 & t a numb] (     
specim5s ( ea* k9d mu/ be rais$ to      
enable "o to make a fair comp>ison4 ,x  
is amus+ to read ! dicta :i* appe> 9 !  

agricultural press f ^? :o h made b a   
s+le exp]im5t ) "s vegetable2 !y        
proclaim m aft] a s+le trial ?an a      
cauti\s exp]im5t] w\ld d>e to decl>e    
aft] ye>s sp5t 9 c>eful obs]vation4 ,!  
ye> #ahfi ,i rais$ ov] sixty v>ieties ( 
cabbage1 import+ ne>ly complete suites (
 ^? adv]tis$ by ! lead+ ,engli% & ,fr5* 
se$ h\ses1 & collect+ ! pr9cipal k9ds   
rais$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! ye> #ahhh1 ,i  
grew eighty-five diff]5t v>ieties &     
/ra9s ( cabbages & caulifl[]s4 ,i d n   
propose describ+ all ^! 9 ?is treatise  
or _! comp>ative m]its2 ( "s ( !m ,i h  
yet some?+ to le>n1 b ,i w endeavor to  
introduce ) my description su* notes z  
,i ?9k w prove ( value to my fell[ f>m]s
 & m>ket g>d5]s4  ,i w "h say 9 g5]al ( 
! class ( e>ly cabbages1 t mo/ ( !m h   
elongat$ heads betwe5 ovoid & conical 9 
=m4 ,!y appe> to lack 9 ?is c\ntry !    
sweetness & t5d]ness t *>act]ize "s     
v>ieties ( our drumhead1 &1 consequ5tly1
 9 ! ,nor? :5 ! drumhead ent]s ! m>ket  
!re is b a limit$ call = !m4  ,x may be 

well "h to note a fundam5tal di/9ction  
betwe5 ! drumhead cabbage ( ,engl& & ^? 
( ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ,engl& ! drumhead class
 are almo/ :olly rais$ to fe$ to /ock4  
,i v5ture ! conjecture t ow+ 9 "p1 or   
pr9cipally1 to ! fact ,european g>d5]s h
 nev] _h ! motive1 &1 consequ5tly1 h    
nev] develop$ ! full capacity ( !       
drumhead z exampl$ by ! f9e v>ieties    
rais$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! secur+ ( sorts   
reliable = head+ be+ ) !m a matt] (     
second>y consid]ation1 se$ is rais$ f   
/umps or any refuse heads t may be /&+  
:5 spr+ comes r\nd4 ,= ?is reason       
,engli% drumhead cabbage se$ is bett]   
suit$ to raise a mass ( leaves ?an      
heads1 & always disappo9ts our ,am]ican 
f>m]s :o buy x because x is *eap ) !    
expectation ( rais+ cabbage = m>ket4    
,engli%-gr[n drumhead cabbage se$ is    
utt]ly wor?less = use 9 ?is c\ntry      
except to raise gre5s or coll>ds4  ,!   
foll[+ are =eign v>ieties t are accept$ 
9 ?is c\ntry z /&>ds1 & = ye>s h be5 m  
or less ext5sively cultivat$3 ,,e>ly    

,,york1 ,,e>ly ,,oxhe>t1 ,,e>ly         
,,w9nig/adt1 ,,r$ ,,dut*1 ,,r$          
,,drumhead4 ,9 my exp]i5ce z a se$      
deal]1 ! ,sug> ,loaf & ,oxhe>t are los+ 
gr\nd 9 ! f>m+ community1 ! ,e>ly ,j]sey
 ,wakefield hav+1 to a l>ge ext5t1      
replac$ !m4  ,e>ly ,york4 ,heads ne>ly  
ovoid1 r s(t1 ) few wa/e leaves surr\nd+
 !m1 :i* are ( a bright gre5 color4     
,reliable = head+4 ,/ump r %ort4 ,plant 
two feet by eighte5 in*es4 ,?is cabbage 
has be5 cultivat$ 9 ,engl& ov] a hundr$ 
ye>s4 ,,little ,,pixie ) me is e>li] ?an
 ,e>ly ,york1 z reliable = head+1 heads 
mu* h>d]1 & is ( bett] flavor2 ! heads d
 n gr[ q z l>ge4  ,e>ly ,oxhe>t4 ,heads 
ne>ly egg-%ap$1 small1 h>d1 few wa/e    
leaves1 /umps %ort4 ,a little lat] ?an  
,e>ly ,york4 ,h ! r[s two feet ap>t1 & !
 plants eighte5 in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4      
,e>ly ,w9nig/adt4 7,a ,g]man cabbage47  
,heads ne>ly conical 9 %ape1 hav+       
usually a twi/ ( leaf at ! top2 l>g] ?an
 ,oxhe>t1 are h>d] ?an any ( ! e>ly     
oblong head+ cabbages2 /umps middl+     

%ort4 ,matures ab\t t5 days lat] ?an    
,e>ly ,york4 ,! ,w9nig/adt is rem>kably 
reliable = head+1 be+ n excell$ 9 ?is   
respect :5 ! se$ has be5 rais$ ) c>e1 by
 any cabbage gr[n4 ,x is a capital sort 
= e>ly m>ket outside our l>ge cities1   
:]e ! v e>ly k9ds are n s eag]ly crav$4 
,x is s reliable = head+1 t x w (t5 make
 f9e heads :]e o!r sorts fail2 & ,i w\ld
 advise all :o h n succe$$ 9 _! ef=ts to
 gr[ cabbage1 to try ?is be=e giv+ up _!
 attempts4 ,x is rais$ by "s = w9t] use1
 & :]e ! drumheads are n s successfully 
rais$1 ,i w\ld advise my f>m] fri5ds to 
try ! ,w9nig/adt1 z ! heads are s h>d t 
!y keep )\t mu* wa/e4 ,h r[s two feet   
ap>t1 & plant tw5ty in*es to two feet   
ap>t 9 ! r[s4  ,r$ ,dut*4 ,heads ne>ly  
conical1 m$ium siz$1 h>d1 ( a v deep r$2
 out] leaves num]\s1 & n s r$ z ! head1 
be+ some:at mix$ ) gre52 /ump r long4   
,?is cabbage is usually plant$ too late2
 x requires ne>ly ! :ole season to      
mature4 ,x is us$ = pickl+1 or cut up   
f9e z a salad1 s]v$ ) v9eg> & pepp]4    

,?is is a v t5d] cabbage1 &1 7 x n = its
 color1 w\ld be an excell5t sort to     
boil2 to ^? :o h a m9d to eat x ) _!    
eyes %ut1 ?is objection w n apply4  ,r$ 
,drumhead4 ,l ! prec$+1 ) ! exception t 
! heads gr[ r\nd1 or ne>ly s1 are h>d]1 
& ( d\ble ! size4 ,x is v difficult to  
raise se$ f ?is cabbage 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i
 am acqua9t$ ) five trials1 made 9 z _m 
diff]5t ye>s1 two ( :i* ,i made myself1 
& all 7 ne>ly utt] failures1 ! yield1 :5
 ! h>de/ heads 7 select$1 be+ at ab\t ! 
rate ( two great spoonfuls ( se$ f e    
tw5ty cabbages4 ,fr5* se$-gr[]s are m   
successful1 o!rwise ?is se$ w\ld h to   
sell at a f> high] figure 9 ! m>ket ?an 
any o!r sort4  ,! ,little ,pixie4 has   
mu* to recomm5d x1 9 e>l9ess1 quality1  
reliability = head+1 & h>dness ( ! head2
 e>li] ?an ,e>ly ,york1 ?\gh some:at    
small]4  ,among ^? t des]ve to be       
he>tily welcom$ & gr[ 9 favor1 are !    
,,e>ly ,,ulm ,,savoy 7= engrav+ &       
description ( :i* see "u head ( ,savoy71
 & ! ,,/4 ,,d5nis ,,drumhead1 a late1   

%ort-/ump$ sort1 sett+ a l>ge1 r\nd1 v  
solid head1 z l>ge1 b h>d]1 ?an ,premium
 ,flat ,dut*4 ,! leaves are ( a         
blui%-gre51 & ?ick] ?an ^? ( mo/        
v>ieties ( drumhead4 ,our bre?r5 9      
,canada ?9k highly ( ?is cabbage1 & if  
we want to try a new drumhead1 ,i w     
speak a good ^w = ?is "o4  ,e>ly        
,s*we9furt1 or ,s*we9furt ,qu9tal1 is an
 excell5t e>ly drumhead = family use2 ! 
heads range 9 size f t5 to eighte5 in*es
 9 diamet]1 v>y+ ) ! conditions (       
cultivation m ?an any o!r cabbage ,i am 
acqua9t$ )4 ,!y are flatti% r\nd1 weigh 
f ?ree to n9e p\nds :5 well gr[n1 are v 
symmetrical 9 %ape1 /&+ ap>t f !        
surr\nd+ leaves4 ,!y are n solid1 ?\gh  
!y h ! f9i%$ appe>ance t solidity gives2
 !y are rem>kably t5d]1 z ?\gh blan*$1 &
 ( v f9e flavor4 ,x is among ! e>lie/ ( 
drumheads1 matur+ at ab\t ! same "t z ! 
,e>ly ,w9nig/adt4 ,z an e>ly drumhead = 
! family g>d51 x has no sup]ior2 & :]e !
 m>ket is ne>1 & does n insi/ t a       
cabbage head mu/ be h>d to be good1 x   

has prov$ a v pr(itable m>ket sort4  ,! 
foll[+ are ei!r already /&>d ,am]ican   
v>ieties ( cabbage1 or su* z are likely 
soon to become s2 v possibly !re are two
 or ?ree o!r v>ieties or /ra9s t des]ve 
to be includ$ 9 ! li/4 ,i give all t h  
prov$ to be fir/ class 9 my locality3   
,,e>ly ,,wakefield1 ,,e>ly ,,wyman1     
,,e>ly ,,summ]1 ,,all ,,seasons1 ,,h>d  
,,head+1 ,,succession1 ,,w>r51 ,,v&]gaw1
 ,,pe]less1 ,,new>k1 ,,flat ,,dut*1     
,,premium ,,flat ,,dut*1 ,,/one ,,mason1
 ,,l>ge ,,late ,,drumhead1 ,,m>blehead  
,,mammo? ,,drumhead1 ,,am]ican ,,gre5   
,,glaz$1 ,,fottl]',s ,,drumhead1 ,,b]g5 
,,drumhead1 ,,drumhead ,,savoy1 &       
,,am]ican ,,gre5 ,,globe ,,savoy4 ,all (
 ^! v>ieties1 z ,i h previ\sly /at$1 are
 b improvem5ts ( =eign k9ds2 b !y are s 
f> improv$ ?r\gh ye>s ( c>eful selection
 & cultivation1 t1 z a rule1 !y appe> q 
di/9ct f ! orig9als :5 gr[n side by side
 ) !m1 & ?is di/9ction is m or less     
recogniz$1 9 bo? ,engli% & ,am]ican     
catalogues1 by ! adjective ,am]ican or  

,engli% be+ add$ aft] v>ieties be>+ !   
same "n4  ,e>ly ,wakefield1 sometimes   
call$ ,e>ly ,j]sey ,wakefield4 ,heads   
mo/ly ne>ly conical 9 %ape b sometimes  
ne>ly r\nd1 ( good size = e>ly1 v       
reliable = head+2 /umps %ort4 ,a v      
popul> e>ly cabbage 9 ! m>kets ( ,bo/on 
& ,new ,york4 ,plant two & a half feet  
by two feet4 ,!re are two /ra9s ( ?is   
cabbage1 "o a little lat] & l>g] ?an !  
o!r4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration  ,e>ly 
,wyman4 ,?is cabbage is nam$ aft] ,capt4
 ,wyman1 ( ,cambridge1 ! orig9ator4 ,l  
,e>ly ,wakefield ! heads are usually    
some:at conical1 b sometimes ne>ly r\nd2
 9 /ructure !y are compact4 ,9 e>l9ess x
 ranks ab\t ) ! ,e>ly ,wakefield1 & mak+
 heads ( d\ble ! size1 x has a high     
value z an e>ly cabbage4 ,capt4 ,wyman  
_h entire control ( ?is cabbage until )9
 ! pa/ few ye>s1 &1 consequ5tly1 has    
held ,bo/on ,m>ket 9 8 own h&s1 to !    
*agr9 ( 8 fell[ m>ket g>d5]s1 rais+ "s  
seasons z _m z ?irty ?\s& heads4 ,h !   
r[s f two to two & a half feet ap>t1 & !

 plants f tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r in*es ap>t 
9 ! r[4 ,crane's ,e>ly is a cross betwe5
 ! ,wyman & ,wakefield1 int]m$iate 9    
size & e>l9ess4  ,illu/ration  ,premium 
,flat ,dut*4 ,l>ge1 late v>iety2 heads  
ei!r r\nd or flat1 on ! top 7v>y+ )     
diff]5t /ra9s72 r h>d2 color blui% gre52
 leaves ar\nd heads r num]\s2 t[>ds !   
close ( ! season1 ! edge ( "s ( !       
ext]ior leaves & ! top ( ! heads assume 
a purple ca/4 ,! edges ( ! ext]ior      
leaves1 & ( ! two or ?ree t make !      
outside ( ! head1 are q ruffl$1 s t :5  
gr[n side by side ) ,/one ,mason1 ?is   
di/9ction betwe5 ! habit ( gr[? ( ! two 
v>ieties is noticeable at q a di/ance4  
,/umps %ort2 reliable = head+4 ,h ! r[s 
?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants f two & a    
half to ?ree feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,?is    
cabbage is v widely cultivat$1 &1 9 _m  
respects1 is an excell5t sort to raise =
 late m>ket+4 ,!re are sev]al /ra9s ( x 
catalogu$ by diff]5t se$sm5 "u v>i\s    
names1 su* z ,sure ,head1 c4            
,illu/ration  ,/one ,mason4 ,an         

improvem5t on ! ,mason1 :i* cabbage 0   
select$ by ,mr4 ,john ,mason (          
,m>blehead1 f a numb] ( v>ieties (      
cabbage t came f a lot ( se$ pur*as$ &  
plant$ z ,savoys4 ,mr4 ,john ,/one      
aft]w>ds improv$ ^u ! ,mason cabbage1 by
 increas+ ! size ( ! heads4 ,diff]5t    
gr[]s diff] 9 _! /&>d ( a ,/one ,mason  
cabbage1 9 e>l9ess & lat5ess1 & 9 !     
size1 =m1 & h>dness ( ! head4 ,b all ^! 
v>ieties agree 9 ! *>act]i/ics ( be+ v  
reliable = head+1 9 hav+ heads :i* are  
l>ge1 v h>d1 v t5d]1 ri* & sweet2 %ort  
/umps1 & few wa/e leaves4 ,! color ( !  
leaves v>ies f a blui% gre5 to a        
pea-gre51 & ! /ructure f ne>ly smoo? to 
mu* bli/]$4 ,9 _! color & bli/]+ "s     
specim5s h almo/ a ,savoy ca/4 ,! heads 
( ! be/ v>ieties ( ,/one ,mason range 9 
weight f six to tw5ty-five p\nds1 !     
diff]5ce turn+ mo/ly on soil1 manure1 & 
cultivation4  ,! ,/one ,mason is an     
e>li] cabbage ?an ,premium ,flat ,dut*1 
has few] wa/e leaves1 & side by side1 "u
 high cultivation1 gr[s to an equal or  

l>g] size1 :ile x makes heads t are     
decid$ly h>d] & sweet]4 ,^! cabbages are
 equally reliable = head+4 ,i am incl9$ 
to ! op9ion t "u poor cultivation !     
,premium ,flat ,dut* w d some:at bett]  
?an ! ,/one ,mason4  ,until !           
introduction ( ,fottl]'s ,drumhead x 0 !
 /&>d drumhead cabbage 9 ! m>kets (     
,bo/on & o!r l>ge cities ( ! ,nor?4 ,h !
 r[s ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants f two to
 ?ree feet ap>t 9 ! r[4  ,l>ge ,late    
,drumhead4 ,heads l>ge1 r\nd1 sometimes 
flatt5$ at ! top1 close & firm2 loose   
leaves num]\s2 /ems %ort2 reliable =    
head+1 h>dy1 & a good keep]4 ,! "n ,l>ge
 ,late ,drumhead includes v>ieties rais$
 by sev]al se$sm5 9 ?is c\ntry1 all (   
:i* resemble ea* o!r 9 ! above          
*>act]i/ics1 & diff] 9 b m9or po9ts4 ,h 
r[s ?ree feet ap>t1 & plants f two & a  
half to ?ree feet ap>t 9 ! r[4          
,m>blehead ,mammo? ,drumhead4 ,?is is ! 
l>ge/ ( ! cabbage family1 hav+ sometimes
 be5 gr[n to weigh ov] n9ety p\nds to ! 
plant4 ,x orig9at$ 9 ,m>blehead1 ,mass41

 be+ produc$ by ,mr4 ,alley1 probably f 
! ,mason1 by ye>s ( high cultivation &  
c>eful selection ( se$ /ock4 ,i         
introduc$ ?is cabbage & ! ,/one ,mason  
to ! g5]al public _m ye>s ago1 & x has  
be5 pretty ?or\ghly dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,heads v>y+ 9 %ape      
betwe5 hemisph]ical & sph]ical1 ) b few 
wa/e leaves surr\nd+ !m2 size v l>ge1   
v>y+ f fifte5 to tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]1 
&1 9 "s specim5s1 !y h gr[n to !        
extraord9>y dim5sions ( tw5ty-f\r in*es4
 ,9 good soil1 & ) ! highe/ culture1 ?is
 v>iety has atta9$ an av]age weight (   
?irty p\nds by ! acre4 ,quality1 :5 well
 gr[n1 rem>kably sweet & t5d]1 z w\ld be
 inf]r$ f ! rapidity ( its gr[?4        
,cultivate 9 r[s f\r feet ap>t1 & all[  
f\r feet betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[s4 ,sixty
 tons ( ?is v>iety h be5 rais$ f a s+le 
acre4  ,am]ican ,gre5 ,glaz$4 ,heads    
loose1 ?\gh r l>ge1 ) a great body (    
wa/e leaves surr\nd+ !m2 quality poor2  
late2 /ump long4 ,?is cabbage 0 readily 
di/+ui%$ among all ! v>ieties 9 my      

exp]im5tal plot by ! deep1 ri* gre5 ( ! 
leaves1 ) _! bright lu/re z ?\gh v>ni%$4
 ,x is gr[n some:at ext5sively 9 ! ,s\?1
 z x is believ$ n to be s liable to     
injury f insects z o!r v>ieties4 ,plant 
two & a half feet ap>t ea* way4 ,i w\ld 
advise my ,s\!rn fri5ds to try ! m]its (
 o!r k9ds be=e adopt+ ?is poor affair4  
,i "k1 ?r\gh my correspond5ce1 t !      
,mammo? has done well z f> ,s\? z       
,l\isiana & ,cuba1 & ! ,fottl]1 9 _m    
sections ( ! ,s\?1 has giv5 great       
satisfaction4  ,illu/ration  ,fottl]'s  
,e>ly ,drumhead4 ,sev]al ye>s ago a     
,bo/on se$sman import$ a lot ( cabbage  
se$ f ,europe1 "u ! "n ( ,e>ly          
,brunswick ,%ort ,/emm$4 ,x prov$ to be 
a l>ge head+ & v e>ly ,drumhead4 ,!     
heads 7 f eight to eighte5 in*es 9      
diamet] ne>ly flat1 h>d1 sweet1 & t5d] 9
 quality2 few wa/e leaves2 /ump %ort4 ,9
 e>l9ess x 0 ab\t a =tnight ahead ( !   
,/one ,mason4 ,x 0 s mu* lik$ by ! m>ket
 g>d5]s t ! next season he ord]$ a l>g] 
quantity2 b ! second importation1 ?\gh  

ord]$ & s5t "u ! same "n1 prov$ to be a 
diff]5t & inf]ior k9d1 & ! same result  
foll[$ "o or two o!r importations4 ,!   
two g>d5]s :o receiv$ se$ ( ! fir/      
importation br\ght to m>ket a f9e1 l>ge 
,drumhead1 t5 days or a =tnight ahead ( 
_! fell[s4 ,! se$ ( ! true /ock 0 eag]ly
 b\ght up by ! ,bo/on m>ket g>d5]s1 mo/ 
( x at five doll>s an ounce4 ,aft] an   
ext5sive trial on a l>ge scale by !     
m>ket f>m]s ar\nd ,bo/on1 & by f>m]s 9  
v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,fottl]'s 
,cabbage has giv5 great satisfaction1 & 
become a univ]sal favorite1 & :5 once   
kn[n x1 & especially ! improv$ /ra9 ( x1
 kn[n z ,deep ,head1 is fa/ replac+ "s (
 ! old v>ieties ( ,drumhead4 ,v reliable
 = head+4  ,illu/ration  ,v&]gaw        
,cabbage4 ,?is new ,long ,isl& ,cabbage 
mu/ be class$ z ,a ,no4 #a = ! midsumm] 
& late m>ket4 ,x is z sure to head z !  
,succession1 & has "s excell5t          
*>act]i/ics 9 common4  ,x makes l>ge1   
gre5 heads1 h>d1 t5d]1 & crisp4 ,?is is 
an acquisition4  ,illu/ration  ,! ,w>r5 

,cabbage4 ,?is fir/-class cabbage is    
closely alli$ to1 b an improvem5t on1 ! 
old ,mason ,cabbage ( tw5ty-five ye>s   
ago4 ,x makes a head deep1 r\nd1 & v    
h>d1 ! out] leaves wrapp+ x ov] v       
h&somely4 ,9 reliability = head+ no     
cabbage surpasses x2 a field ( !m :5 9  
_! prime is z pretty a sight z a cabbage
 man w\ld wi% to see4 ,x comes 9 z e>ly 
z "s /ra9s ( ,fottl]1 & a little e>li]  
?an o!rs4 ,a capital sort to succe$ !   
,e>ly ,summ]4 ,! heads be+ v ?ick ?r\gh1
 & ne>ly r\nd1 make x an excell5t sort  
to c>ry ?r\gh ! w9t]1 z x peels well1 z 
cabbage-gr[]s say4 ,t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 
9 size x is j ab\t "r = pr(itable       
m>ket+4 ,a capital sort1 exce$+ly popul>
 among m>ket-man 9 ?is vic9ity4         
,illu/ration  ,e>ly ,blei*feld ,cabbage4
 ,i f9d ! ,blei*feld to be among !      
e>lie/ ( ! l>ge1 h>d-head+ ,drumheads1  
matur+ e>li] ?an ! ,fottl]'s ,brunswick4
 ,! heads are l>ge1 v solid1 t5d] :5    
cook$1 & ( excell5t flavor4 ,! color is 
a light] gre5 ?an mo/ v>ieties & x is z 

reliable = head+ z any cabbage ,i h ev] 
gr[n4 ,! above engrav+ ,i h _h made f a 
photograph ( a specim5 gr[n on my       
gr\nds4  ,illu/ration  ,dani% ,drumhead 
,cabbage4 ,9 #ahgi1 ,mr4 ,edw>d         
,abelgoord wrote me f ,canada1 t he     
rais$ a l>ge ,drumhead ,cabbage1 ! se$ (
 :i* 0 br\ght f ,d5m>k1 :i* 0 ! be/ k9d 
( cabbage t he _h se5 9 t latitude      
7#df71 be+ v valuable = ! extreme ,nor?4
 ,x 0 e>li] ?an ,fottl]'s ,drumhead1 &  
made l>ge1 flat heads1 ( excell5t       
flavor1 & 0 s reliable = head+4 ,i rais$
 a field ( ?is new cabbage1 & x prov$ a 
l>ge1 flat1 e>ly ,drumhead1 v reliable =
 head+4  ,illu/ration  ,! ,reynolds     
,e>ly ,cabbage4 ,9 ! ye> #ahge1 ,mr4    
,frankl9 ,reynolds1 ( ?is t[n1 cross$ ! 
,cannon-,ball ,cabbage on ! ,s*we9furt  
,qu9tal1 by c>efully transf]r+ ! poll5 (
 ! =m] on ! latt]1 ! /am5s hav+ fir/ be5
 remov$1 & imm$iately ty+ musl9 ar\nd ! 
impregnat$ blossoms to keep away all    
insects4 ,! results 7 a few ripe se$s4  
,^! 7 c>efully sav$ & plant$ ! next     

season1 :5 ! product %[$ ! *>act]i/ics (
 ! two p>5ts4 ,! be/ heads 7 select$ f !
 lot1 &1 f ^!1 se$s 7 rais$4 ,sev]al    
selections 7 made ( ! *oice/ heads f ye>
 to ye>2 & ,i n[ h ! pleasure (         
introduc+ ! results1 a new cabbage :i*  
comb9es ! good qualities ( bo? its      
p>5ts4  ,! flavor ( ?is new cabbage is  
ri*1 t5d]1 & sweet1 be+ sup]ior to !    
g5]al ,drumhead class1 mak+ x a v       
sup]ior v>iety = family use1 & also =   
m>ket+ :5 !re is n a long               
transportation4 ,none ( ! scores (      
v>ieties ,i h ev] gr[n has a %ort] /ump 
?an ?is2 ! heads appe> to re/ directly  
on ! gr\nd1 & no "o is sur] to head4    
,illu/ration  ,all-,seasons ,cabbage4   
,?is new cabbage is ! result ( a cross  
made by a ,long ,isl& g>d5] betwe5 !    
,flat ,dut* & a v>iety ( ,drumhead4 ,!  
result is a rem>kably l>ge1 e>ly        
,drumhead1 t matures close 9 "t ) !     
,e>ly ,summ]1 :ile x is f "o ?ird to "o 
half l>g]4 ,x is an excell5t v>iety ei!r
 z an e>ly or late sort2 ! r\ndness ( ! 

head1 leav+ a ?ick1 solid cabbage1 %\ld 
x become necess>y1 z is (t5 ! case ) ^? 
m>ket$ 9 ! spr+1 to peel (f ! out] lay] 
( leaves4 ,heads l>ge 9 size1 solid &   
t5d]1 & ri* flavor$ :5 cook$4 ,x has    
already1 9 ?ree ye>s1 v]ifi$ ! prophecy 
,i made :5 s5d+ x out1 & become a /&>d  
v>iety 9 "s localities4  ,illu/ration   
,gregory's ,h>d-,head+ ,cabbage4 ,i am n
 acqua9t$ ) any v>iety ( cabbage 7,i    
believe ,i h rais$ ab\t all ! native &  
=eign v>ieties t h be5 catalogu$7 t     
makes s h>d a head z does ! ,h>d-head+  
:5 fully matur$4 ,nei!r am ,i acqua9t$ )
 any v>iety t is s late a keep] z is    
?is2 ! ,g]man g>d5]1 f :om ,i obta9$ x1 
said t x gave him1 & 8 fri5ds :o _h x1  
complete control ( ! ,*icago m>ket =    
ab\t a =tnight aft] all o!r v>ieties _h 
play$ out4 ,my own exp]i5ce ) x t5ds to 
confirm ?is /atem5t1 = "u ! same        
conditions x kept decid$ly lat] ?an all 
my o!r v>ieties1 0 gre5] 9 color1 & :5  
plant$ out !y 7 s late to pu% se$-%oots 
t ,i almo/ despair$ ( gett+ a crop (    

se$4 ,i f9d1 also1 t !y are mu* less    
incl9$ to bur/ ?an any ( ! h>d-head+    
v>ieties4 ,heads gr[ to a good m>ket    
size1 are m globul> ?an ,flat ,dut*2 &1 
z might be presum$1 ( great weight 9    
proportion to _! size4 ,! color is a    
peculi> gre51 r m ( an olive ?an mo/    
k9ds ( cabbage4 ,ab\t a =tnight lat] ?an
 ,flat ,dut*4 ,= late fall1 w9t]1 & spr+
 sales plant #c by #c ! fir/ ( ,june4   
,illu/ration  ,e>ly ,deep-,head         
,cabbage4 ,?is is a valuable improvem5t 
on ! ,fottl] made by ye>s ( c>eful      
selection & high cultivation by ,mr4    
,alley ( ,m>blehead1 a fam\s cabbage    
gr[]1 :o1 z ! "n indicates1 has produc$ 
a deep]1 r\nd] head+ v>iety ?an !       
orig9al ,fottl]1 ?us mak+ :at t 0 n1 an 
excell5t sort = w9t] & spr+ m>ket+4 ,x  
has all ! excell5t traits ( its p>5t 9  
reliability = mak+ l>ge1 h&some heads4  
,b]g5 ,drumhead4 ,heads r\nd1 r flat on 
! top1 solid2 leaves /\t1 ?ick1 & r     
num]\s2 /ump %ort4 ,) me1 "u same       
cultivation1 x is lat] ?an ,/one ,mason4

 ,x is t5d] & ( good flavor4 ,a popul>  
sort 9 _m sections1 p>ticul>ly 9 !      
m>kets ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,h ! plants  
?ree feet ap>t ea* way4     ,,savoy     
,,cabbages4   ,! ,savoys are ! t5d]e/ & 
ri*e/-flavor$ ( cabbages1 ?\gh n always 
z sweet z a well-gr[n ,/one ,mason2 nor 
is a ,savoy gr[n on poor soil1 or "o t  
has be5 p9*$ by dr\?1 z t5d] z a ,/one  
,mason t has be5 gr[n "u favor+         
circum/ances2 yet x rema9s1 z a rule1 t 
! ,savoy surpasses all o!r cabbages 9   
t5d]ness1 & 9 a ri*1 m>r[-l flavor4 ,!  
,savoys are also ! h>die/ ( ! cabbage   
tribe1 endur+ 9 ! op5 field a temp]ature
 )9 sixte5 degrees ( z]o )\t s]i\s      
injury2 & if ! heads are n v h>d !y w   
cont9ue to )/& repeat$ *anges f freez+  
to ?aw+ = a c\ple ( mon?s1 z f> nor? z !
 latitude ( ,bo/on4 ,a degree ( freez+  
improves !m1 & x is common 9 t latitude 
to let su* z are int5d$ = e>ly w9t] use1
 9 ! family1 rema9 /&+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd :]e
 !y grew1 cutt+ ! heads z !y are want$4 
,z a rule ,savoys nei!r head z readily  

7! ,improv$ ,am]ican ,savoy be+ an      
exception7 nor d ! heads gr[ z l>ge z ! 
,drumhead v>ieties2 inde$1 mo/ ( ! k9ds 
9 cultivation are s unreliable 9 ^!     
respects z to be utt]ly wor?less = m>ket
 purposes1 & ne>ly s = ! kit*5 g>d54  ,!
 ,drumhead ,savoy4 ,?is1 z ! "n implies1
 is ! result ( a cross betwe5 a ,savoy &
 a ,drumhead cabbage1 p>tak+ ( !        
*>act]i/ics ( ea*4 ,_m ( ! cabbages sold
 9 ! m>ket z ,savoy are really ?is      
v>iety4 ,"o v>iety 9 my exp]im5tal g>d51
 :i* ,i receiv$ z ,,t\r',s ,,savoy      
7evid5tly a ,drumhead v>iety ( !        
,savoy71 prov$ to be mu* l ,e>ly        
,s*we9furt 9 e>l9ess & /yle ( head+2 !  
heads 7 v l>ge1 b q loose 9 /ructure2 ,i
 %\ld ?9k x w\ld prove valuable = family
 use4  ,x is a fact t does n appe> to be
 g5]ally kn[n t we h among ! ,savoys "s 
rem>kably e>ly sorts :i* rank ) ! e>lie/
 v>ieties ( cabbage gr[n4 ,pancali] &   
,e>ly ,ulm ,savoy are e>li] ?an t old   
/&>d ( e>l9ess1 ,e>ly ,york2 ,pancali]  
be+ some:at e>li] ?an ,ulm4  ,pancali]  

is *>act]iz$ by v co>sely bli/]$ leaves 
( ! d>ke/-gre5 color2 ! heads usually   
ga!r toge!r1 be+ ! only exception ,i "k 
( to ! rule t cabbage heads are made up 
( ov]lapp+ leaves1 wrapp$ closely       
toge!r4 ,x has a %ort /ump1 & ) high    
cultivation is reliable = head+4 ,!     
leaves ne>e/ ! head1 ?\gh n =m+ a "p (  
x1 are q t5d]1 & may be cook$ ) ! head4 
,plant fifte5 by ?irty in*es4  ,e>ly    
,ulm ,savoy is a few days lat] ?an      
,pancali]1 & makes a l>g] head2 ! leaves
 are ( a light] gre5 & n s co>sely      
bli/]$2 /ump %ort2 head r\nd2 v reliable
 = head+4 ,x has a capital *>act]i/ic 9 
n be+ s liable z mo/ v>ieties to bur/ ! 
head & pu% ! se$ %oot imm$iately aft] ! 
head is matur$4 ,= fir/ e>ly1 ,i "k no  
cabbages s desirable z ^! = ! kit*5     
g>d54  ,illu/ration  ,! ,e>ly ,dw>f     
,savoy is a desirable v>iety ( second   
e>ly4 ,! heads are r flat 9 %ape1 & gr[ 
to a fair size4 ,/umps %ort2 reliable = 
head+4  ,improv$ ,am]ican ,savoy4       
,ev]y?+ consid]$1 ?is is ! ,savoy1 p>   

excell5ce1 = ! m>ket g>d54 ,x is a true 
,savoy1 ! heads gr[ to a l>ge size1 f   
six to t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 v>y+1 (      
c\rse1 ) soil1 manure1 & cultivation4 ,9
 %ape ! heads are mo/ly globul>1        
occasionally oblong1 hav+ b few wa/e    
leaves1 & gr[ v solid4 ,/ump %ort4 ,9   
reliability = head+ x is unsurpass$ by  
any o!r cabbage4  ,illu/ration  ,gold5  
,savoy diff]s f o!r v>ieties 9 ! color (
 ! head1 :i* rises f ! body ( light gre5
 leaves1 ( a s+ul> pale yell[ color1 z  
?\gh blan*$4 ,! /umps are long1 & ! head
 r small1 a portion ( ^! gr[+ po9t$4 ,x 
is v late1 n wor? cultivat+1 except z a 
curiosity4  ,norwegian ,savoy4 ,?is is a
 s+ul> half cabbage1 half kale--at lea/1
 s x has prov$ "u my cultivation4 ,!    
leaves are long1 n>r[1 tasselat$1 &     
some:at bli/]$4 ,! :ole appe>ance is v  
s+ul> & r ornam5tal4 ,i h tri$ ?is      
cabbage twice1 b h nev] got beyond !    
possible promise ( a head4  ,victoria   
,savoy1 ,russian ,savoy1 & ,cape ,savoy1
 te/$ 9 my exp]im5tal g>d51 did n prove 

desirable ei!r = family use or = m>ket  
purposes4  ,fea!r ,/emm$ ,savoy4 ,?is is
 a cross betwe5 ! ,savoy & ,brussels    
spr\ts1 hav+ ! habit ( gr[? ( ,brussels 
spr\ts4     ,,o!r ,,v>ieties ,,(        
,,cabbage4   ,i w add notes on "s o!r   
v>ieties :i* h be5 te/$1 f ye> to ye>1 9
 my exp]im5tal plot4 ,! results f te/s (
 diff]5t /ra9s ( /&>d sorts1 ,i h n     
?\ght x wor? ! :ile to record4  ,cannon 
,ball4 ,! heads are usually sph]ical1   
atta9+ to a diamet] ( f five to n9e     
in*es1 ) ! surr\nd+ leaves ga!r$ r      
closely ar\nd !m2 9 h>dness & relative  
weight x is excell$ by b few v>ieties4  
,/ump %ort4 ,x delights 9 ! highe/      
cultivation possible4 ,x is ab\t a week 
lat] ?an ,e>ly ,york4 ,9 ^? m>kets :]e  
cabbages are sold by weight1 x w pay to 
gr[ = m>ket2 x is a good cabbage = !    
family g>d54  ,e>ly ,cone1 ( !          
,wakefield class1 b ) me n z e>ly4      
,g>field ,pickl+1 ( late v>iety1 ( !    
conical class4  ,c>d9al ,r$4 ,a l>ge1   
late v>iety ( r$2 b on my gr\nds1 x is n

 equal to ,r$ ,drumhead4  ,vilmor9's    
,e>ly ,flat ,dut*4 ,n q z l>ge z ,e>ly  
,summ]1 ?\gh ab\t z e>ly & resembles x 9
 %ape ( head4  ,royal ,g]man ,drumhead4 
,reliable = head+4  ,l>ge ,:ite ,solid  
,magdeburg4 ,a late ,drumhead2 %ort     
/ump$2 reliable = head+4 ,m$ium late4   
,pak ,*oi4 ,evid5tly ( ! ,kale class2 no
 heads4  ,*\ de ,burghlez & ,*\ de      
,milan4 ,^! are co>se1 loose1 small     
head+ v>ieties1 alli$ to ,kale4 ,! latt]
 is ( ! ,savoy class4  ,e>lie/ ,erfurt  
,blood-,r$4 ,decid$ly ! e>lie/ ( ! r$   
cabbages4 ,v reliable = head+4 ,a       
,drumhead2 small] ?an ,r$ ,drumhead4 ,v 
d>k r$4  ,empress4 ,resembles ,wyman 9  
size & %ape2 b ! heads are m po9t$1 & x 
makes head e>li]4 ,heads well4          
,s*litz]4 ,?is makes heads mo/ly %ap$ l 
! ,w9nig/adt1 b a ?ird l>g]4 ,its mottl+
 ( gre5 & purple gives x a /rik+        
appe>ance4 ,e>ly & v reliable = head+4  
,heads are n v h>d2 b1 :5 cook$1 are j  
ab\t z t5d] & ri*-flavor$ z ! ,savoy4   
,promises to be an excell5t sort =      

family use4  ,ro!lburg4 ,an e>ly sure   
head+ v>iety ( ! ,drumhead class4 ,heads
 ( m$ium size2 resembl+ 9 %ape ,deep    
,head4  ,sure ,head4 ,a /ra9 ( ,flat    
,dut*4 ,a late v>iety2 heads deep] ?an  
,fottl]1 b ) me n s reliable4  ,d>k ,r$ 
,po9t$4 ,resembles ,w9nig/adt 9 %ape4   
,ab\t z late z ,r$ ,dut*1 & n z         
desirable4  ,bacalan ,late4 ,9 %ape     
resembles ,w9nig/adt4 ,gr[ a little     
wild4  ,amack4 ,a late v>iety4 ,heads   
g5]ally ne>ly globul> & q h>d4 ,v       
reliable = head+4  ,bangholm4 ,fir/ (   
all4 ,z e>ly z ! e>lie/1 b v small1--n z
 l>ge z ,little ,pixie4  ,e>ly ,enfield 
,m>ket4  ,t\rleville4 ,heads resemble   
,wakefield 9 =m2 b1 ) me1 are nei!r s   
l>ge nor s l>ge1 & are m incl9$ to bur/4
  ,dani% ,r\nd ,w9t]4 ,a late v>iety2   
be>+ deep1 h>d heads on long /umps4     
,dw>f ,dani%4 ,late4 ,reliable to head2 
unev5 9 "t ( head+4 ,wor? plant+ =      
m>ket4  ,dani% ,ball ,drumhead4 ,heads n
 *>act]iz$ by globul> %ape1 b r flatti%4
 ,irregul> 9 l5g? ( /ump4  ,e>ly ,p>is4 

,closely resembles ,wakefield4  ,v ,e>ly
 ,etampes4 ,e>li] ?an ,wakefield4 ,%ape 
p>takes ( bo? ,oxhe>t & ,wakefield4     
,e>ly ,mohawk4 ,light gre5 9 color2 a   
good head]1 b n s h>d head+ z ,fottl]4  
,appe>s to h a little ( ! ,savoy cross 9
 x4  ,sure ,head4 ,a late v>iety ( !    
,dut* class2 reliable = head+2 /ump r   
long4  ,excelsior4 ,a v>iety :i* is ( ! 
,fottl] class1 b makes small] siz$      
heads4  ,l\isville ,drumhead4 ,( ! flat 
,dut* type2 ne>ly z e>ly z ,e>ly ,summ]4
  ,e>ly ,advance4 ,( ! ,wakefield type4 
,) me x is full z e>ly z ,wakefield1 &  
consid]ably l>g]4 ,r co>s] 9 /ructure4  
,m>ket ,g>d54 ,( ! ,fottl] class2 v     
reliable = head+4 ,heads ( good size1 b 
r co>s] ?an ! ,deep ,head4  ,*ase's     
,excelsior4 ,a second e>ly2 mu* l       
,fottl]2 heads f9ely4  ,bloomsdale ,e>ly
 ,m>ket4 ,) me ?is is n z good a v>iety 
z ,wakefield4  ,b]k%ire ,beauty4 ,!re   
appe> to be f9e possibilities 9 ?is     
cabbage1 :i* h n yet be5 develop$ into  
uni=mity4  ,l&r$?'s ,extra ,e>ly4 ,) me 

x does n prove z e>ly z ,wakefield1 &   
does n head z well4  ,bridgeport ,late  
,drumhead4 ,a l>ge ,drumhead2 9 size1   
betwe5 ,/one ,mason & ,m>blehead        
,mammo?4 ,reliable = head+1 b does n    
head z h>d z ei!r ( ^! v>ieties4 ,n     
incl9$ to bur/4  ,l>ge ,fr5* ,oxhe>t    
closely resembles ,e>ly ,oxhe>t1 b gr[s 
to d\ble ! size1 & is ab\t t5 days lat]2
 quality usually good4  ,e>ly ,sug>     
,loaf4 ,heads %ap$ mu* l a loaf ( sug>  
/&+ on its small] end1 resembl+1 z ,burr
 well says1 a head ( ,cos lettuce 9 its 
%ape1 & 9 ! peculi> clasp+ ( ! leaves   
ab\t ! head4 ,heads r h>d1 m$ium size2  
e>ly1 & t5d]4 ,x is said n to /& ! heat 
z well z mo/ sorts4  ,l>ge ,brunswick   
,%ort-,/emm$4 7,engli% se$47 ,late1     
long-/ump$1 wild1 pl5ty ( leaves1 almo/ 
no head2 be>s b a slight resemblance to 
,fottl]'s ,drumhead4  ,e>ly ,empress4   
,cabbages well2 heads conical2 e>ly4    
,rob9son's ,*ampion ,ox ,drumhead4 ,/ump
 long2 heads s(t & n v l>ge2 wild4      
,engli% ,w9nig/adt4 ,long-/ump$2        

irregul>2 n to be comp>$ ) ,fr5* /ock4  
,bl5heim4 ,e>ly2 heads mo/ly conical2 ( 
good size4  ,%ill+s ,que54 ,e>ly2 heads 
conical2 /umps long4  ,c>t]'s ,sup]f9e  
,e>ly ,dw>f4 ,surpasses 9 e>l9ess &     
h>dness ( head4 ,closely alli$ to       
,little ,pixie4  ,enfield ,m>ket        
,improv$4 ,mo/ ( ! heads 7 flat2 r wild2
 n to be comp>$ ) ,fottl]4  ,kemp's     
,incomp>able4 ,long-head$2 heads1 :5    
mature1 d n appe> to bur/ z readily z ) 
mo/ ( ! conical class4  ,field]kraut4   
,closely resembles ,w9nig/adt1 ) l>g] & 
long] heads & /ump2 requires m room ?an 
,w9nig/adt4  ,ramsay's ,w9t] ,drumhead4 
,closely resembles ,/4 ,d5nis4 ,i ?9k x 
is ! same4  ,pom]anian ,cabbage4 ,heads 
v long2 q l>ge = a conical head+ sort2 v
 symmetrical & h>d2 color1 yell[i%-gre54
 ,x h&les well1 & ,i %\ld ?9k w\ld prove
 a good keep]4 ,m$ium e>ly4  ,alsacian  
,drumhead4 ,/ump long2 late2 wild4      
,m>bl$ ,b\rgogne4 ,/umps long2 heads    
small & h>d2 color1 a mixture ( gre5 &  
r$4     ,,cabbage ,,gre5s4   ,9 !       

vic9ity ( our l>ge cities1 ! m>ket      
g>d5]s s[ l>ge areas v ?ickly ) cabbage 
se$1 e>ly 9 ! spr+1 to raise "y plants  
to be sold z gre5s4 ,! se$ is s[n       
broadca/ at ! rate ( t5 p\nds & upw>ds  
to ! acre4 ,se$ ( ! ,savoy cabbage is   
usually s[n = ?is purpose1 :i* may be   
sometimes pur*as$ at a disc\nt1 ow+ to  
"s defect 9 quality or purity1 t w\ld   
r5d] x wor?less = plant+ = a crop (     
head+ cabbage4  ,! "y plants are cut (f 
ab\t ev5 ) ! gr\nd1 :5 f\r or five in*es
 high1 wa%$1 & c>ri$ to m>ket 9 b>rels  
or bu%el boxes4 ,! price v>ies ) ! /ate 
( ! m>ket1 f #ab c5ts to #c a b>rel1 !  
av]age price 9 ,bo/on m>ket be+ ab\t a  
doll>4 ,) ! return ( spr+ mo/ families h
 "s cabbage /umps rema9+ 9 ! cell>2 ^! c
 be plant$ ab\t a foot ap>t 9 "s h&y    
spot along ! edge ( ! g>d51 :]e !y w n  
int]f]e ) ! g5]al crop1 sett+ !m "u     
gr\nd f a qu>t] to a half _! l5g?1      
dep5d+ on ! l5g? ( ! /umps4 ,!y w soon  
be cov]$ ) gre5 %oots1 :i* %\ld be us$ z
 gre5s be=e ! blossom buds %[ !mselves1 

z !y !n become too /rong to be          
agreeable4 ,if ! spot is ri* & has be5  
well dug1 ! rapidity ( gr[? is surpris+2
 & if ! %oots are frequ5tly ga!r$1 _m   
nice messes ( gre5s c be gr[n f a few   
/umps4 ,f>m]s 9 ,nor!rn ,v]mont tell me1
 t if !y break (f ea* se$ %oot z soon z 
x %[s itself1 close home to ! /ump1 nice
 little heads w pu% out on almo/ e /ump4
 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ! w9t] climate is mu*   
mild] ?an t ( ,new ,engl&1 x is !       
practice to raise a second crop ( heads 
9 ?is way4 ,9 my own neighborhood ,i h  
se5 an acre f :i* a crop ( drumhead     
cabbage _h be5 cut (f e>ly 9 ! season1 e
 /ump on :i* _h f ?ree to six h>d heads1
 v>y+ f ! size ( a h5's egg to t ( a    
goose egg2 b to get ?is second gr[? (   
heads1 z mu* ( ! /ump & leaves %\ld be  
left z possible1 :5 cutt+ out ! orig9al 
head4 ,z 9 ! cabbage di/ricts ( ! ,nor? 
little or no use is made ( ?is prolific 
aft] gr[?1 x is worse ?an useless to    
suff] ! gr\nd to be exhau/$ by x2 ! /ump
 %\ld be pull$ by ! potato hoe z soon z 

! heads are m>ket$4 ,:5 cabbages are    
plant$ out = se$1 if1 = any reason1 !   
se$ %oot fails to pu% out1 & at times :5
 x does pu% out1 f9e spr\ts = gre5s w   
/>t bel[ ! head2 :5 ! /ock ( ^! spr\ts  
becomes too t\gh = use1 ! l>ge leaves   
may be /ripp$ f !m & cook$4 ,i usually  
break (f ! t5d] tops ( l>ge spr\ts1 & !n
 /rip (f ! t5d]e/ ( ! l>ge leaves bel[4 
,,cabbage ,,= ,,/ock4   ,no vegetable   
rais$ 9 ! temp]ate zone1 ,mangold       
,wurtzel alone except$1 w produce z mu* 
food to ! acre1 bo? = man & bea/1 z !   
cabbage4 ,i h se5 acres ( ! ,m>blehead  
,mammo? drumhead :i* w\ld av]age ?irty  
p\nds to ea* cabbage1 "s specim5s weigh+
 ov] sixty p\nds4 ,! plants 7 f\r feet  
ap>t ea* way :i* w\ld give a product (  
ov] =ty tons to ! acre2 & ,i h te/$ a   
crop ( ,fottl]'s t yield$ ?irty tons (  
gre5 food to ! half acre4 ,o!r          
vegetables are at times rais$ = cattle  
fe$1 su* z potatoes1 c>rots1 ruta bagas1
 mangold wurtzels2 a crop ( potatoes    
yield+ f\r hundr$ bu%els to ! acre at   

sixty p\nds ! bu%el w\ld weigh twelve   
tons2 a crop ( c>rot yield+ twelve      
hundr$ bu%els to ! acre w\ld weigh ?irty
 tons2 ruta bagas sometimes yield ?irty 
tons2 & mangolds z high z sev5ty tons to
 ! acre4 ,i h set all ^! crops at a high
 capacity = fodd] purposes2 ! same      
favor+ conditions ( soil1 manure1 &     
cultivation t w\ld produce f\r hundr$   
bu%els ( potatoes1 twelve hundr$ bu%els 
( c>rots1 & ?irty-five tons ( ruta baga 
turnips1 w\ld give a crop ( =ty tons ( !
 l>ge/ v>iety ( drumhead cabbage4 ,if we
 n[ consid] ! comp>ative m]its ( ^!     
crops = nutrim5t1 we f9d t ! cabbage    
excels !m all 9 ?is dep>tm5t also4 ,!   
potatoes ab\nd 9 />*1 ! mangold & c>rot 
are l>gely compos$ ( wat]1 :ile !       
cabbage ab\nds 9 ri*1 nitrog5e\s food4  
,pr(4 ,/ew>t /ates t cabbage = mil* c[s 
has ab\t ! same fe$+ value z sweet corn 
ensilage1 & makes ! value n ov] #c4dj p]
 ton4 ,n[ x is admitt$ by g5]al curr5t t
 ! value ( common ensilage1 :i* is      
inf]ior to t made f sweet corn1 is1 :5  

comp>$ ) good ,engli% hay1 z #c to #a4  
,?is w\ld make cabbages = mil* c[s wor? 
n f> f #g4jj p] ton4  ,:5 cabbage is    
kept = /ock fe$ lat] ?an ! fir/ sev]e   
fro/1 if ! quantity is l>ge !re is      
consid]able wa/e ev5 ) ! be/ ( c>e4 ,!  
loose leaves %\ld be f$ fir/1 & ! heads 
kept 9 a cool place1 n m ?an two or ?ree
 deep1 at z ne> ! freez+ po9t z         
possible4 ,if x has be5 necess>y to cut 
! heads f ! /umps1 !y may be pil$1 aft] 
! wea!r has set 9 decid$ly cold1        
conv5i5tly ne> ! b>n1 & kept cov]$ ) a  
foot ( /raw or old litt]4 ,z long z a   
cabbage is kept froz5 !re is no wa/e to 
x2 b if x be all[$ to freeze & ?aw two  
or ?ree times1 x w soon rot ) an awful  
/5*4 ,i suspect t x is ?is rott5 portion
 ( ! cabbage t (t5 gives ! bad flavor to
 milk4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x is kept 9 too 
w>m & dry a place1 ! out] leaves w dry1 
turn+ yell[1 & ! :ole head lose 9       
weight1--if x be n v h>d1 %rivell+1 &1  
if h>d1 %r9k+4 ,if !y are kept 9 too w>m
 & wet a place1 ! heads w decay fa/1 9 a

 black1 s(t rot4 ,! be/ way to pres]ve  
cabbages = /ock into ! w9t]1 is to place
 !m 9 tr5*es a few in*es bel[ ! surface1
 & !re cov] ) f a foot to two feet (    
co>se hay or /raw1 ! dep? dep5d+ on !   
coldness ( ! locality4 ,:5 ! gr\nd has  
be5 froz5 too h>d to op5 ) a pl\gh or   
spade1 ,i h kept !m until spr+ by pil+  
!m loosely1 hay-/ack %ape1 ab\t f\r feet
 high1 lett+ ! fro/ /rike ?r\gh !m1 &   
aft]w>ds cov]+ ) a c\ple ( feet (       
eel-grass2 /raw or co>se hay w\ld       
d\btless d z well4  ,i h treat$ (       
cabbage ?us f> :5 gr[n specially = /ock2
 9 e piece ( cabbage h&l$ = m>ket       
purposes1 !re is a l>ge proportion (    
wa/e suitable = /ock fe$1 :i* includes !
 outside leaves & su* heads z h n h>d5$ 
up suffici5tly = m>ket4 ,on walk+ ov] a 
piece j aft] my cabbages = se$ /ock h   
be5 tak5 (f1 ,i note t ! refuse leaves t
 7 /ripp$ f ! heads be=e pull+ are s    
abundant !y ne>ly cov] ! gr\nd4 ,if     
leaves s /ripp$ rema9 expos$ to fro/1 !y
 soon spoil2 or1 if e>li] 9 ! season !y 

are expos$ to ! sun1 !y soon become     
yell[1 dry1 & ( b little value4 ,!y c be
 rapidly collect$ ) a hay =k & c>t$1 if 
!re be b a few1 into ! b>n2 %\ld !re be 
a l>ge quantity1 dump !m )9 a conv5i5t  
di/ance ( ! b>n or fe$+ gr\nd1 b n :]e !
 cattle c trample !m1 & spread !m s t !y
 w be b a few in*es 9 dep?4 ,if pil$ 9  
heaps !y w quickly heat2 b ev5 !n1 if n 
too mu* decay$1 cattle w eat !m )       
avidity4 ,cabbages are h>dy plants1 &   
loose heads w /& a good deal ( freez+ & 
?aw+ )\t s]i\s injury4 ,!y are n g5]ally
 injur$ ) ! !rmomet] #af bel[ freez+4 ,!
 wa/e1 aft] ! se$ & all m>ket cabbage   
are remov$1 br+s me ab\t #aj p] acre on 
! gr\nd1 = c[ fe$4  ,if cabbage is f$ to
 c[s 9 milk )\t "s c>e1 x w be apt to   
give ! milk a /rong cabbage flavor2 all 
! fe$ = ! day %\ld be giv5 e>ly 9 !     
morn+4 ,beg9n+ ) a small quantity1 &    
gradually increas+ x1 ! dairy man w soon
 le>n 8 limits4 ,! effect ( a lib]al fe$
 to milk /ock is to l>gely increase !   
fl[ ( milk4 ,avoid fe$+ to any ext5t    

:ile ! leaves are froz54  ,an ,engli%   
writ] says3 ,! cabbage comes into use :5
 o!r ?+s beg9 to fail1 & x is by f> !   
be/ succul5t vegetable = milk+          
c[s1--keep+ up ! yield ( milk1 &        
pres]v+1 bett] ?an any o!r food1 "s     
portion ( ! quality :i* *eese loses :5 !
 c[s quit _! natural pa/urage4 ,c[s f$  
on cabbages are always quiet & satisfi$1
 :ile on turnips !y (t5 sc\r & are      
re/less4 ,:5 fro/$1 !y are liable to    
produce hov51 unless kept 9 a w>m %$ to 
?aw be=e be+ us$2 fifty-six p\nds giv51 
at two meals1 are z mu* z a l>ge c[ %\ld
 h 9 a day4 ,frequ5t cases ( abortion   
are caus$ by an ov]-supply ( gre5 food4 
,cabbages are excell5t = "y animals1    
keep+ !m 9 heal?1 & prev5t+ 'black leg4'
 ,a calf ( sev5 mon?s may h tw5ty p\nds 
a day4     ,,rais+ ,,cabbage ,,se$4     
,cabbage se$ 9 ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly ( !   
drumhead sorts1 is mo/ly rais$ f /umps1 
or f ! refuse t rema9s aft] all t is    
salable has be5 dispos$ (4 ,! ag5t ( "o 
( ! l>ge/ ,engli% se$ h\ses1 a few ye>s 

s9ce1 laugh$ at my wa/efulness1 z he    
t]m$ x1 9 rais+ se$ f solid heads4 ,9   
our c\ntry1 cabbage se$ is mo/ly rais$ f
 s(t1 half-=m$ heads1 :i* are gr[n z a  
late crop1 few1 if any ( !m1 be+ h>d    
en\gh to be ( any value 9 ! m>ket4      
,se$sm5 practise select+ a few f9e1 h>d 
heads1 f :i* to raise _! se$ /ock4 ,x   
has be5 my practice to gr[ se$ f none b 
extra f9e heads1 bett] ?an ! av]age ( ^?
 c>ri$ to m>ket4 ,i d ?is on ! !ory t no
 cabbage c be too good = a se$head1 if !
 design is to keep ! /ock fir/-class4   
,p]haps su* /rictness may n be necess>y2
 b ,i _h r err 9 sett+ out too good     
heads ?an too poor ones2 besides1 !     
great h>dness obta9$ by ! heads ( !     
,/one ,mason1 makes x possible1 at lea/1
 t ,i am "r4 ,cabbage rais$ f se$ gr[n f
 /umps are apt to be unreliable = head+1
 & to gr[ long-/ump$1 ?\gh "u           
unfavorable conditions1 long-/ump$ &    
poor-head$ cabbage may gr[ f ! be/ (    
se$4 ,to h ! be/ ( se$1 all %oots t />t 
bel[ ! head %\ld be brok5 (f4 ,to prev5t

 ! plants fall+ ov] aft] ! se$-/alks are
 gr[n1 dig deep holes1 & plant ! entire 
/ump 9 ! gr\nd4 ,sc>ecr[s %\ld be set   
up1 or "s l precaution be tak51 to keep 
away ! little se$-birds1 t beg9 to crack
 ! pods z soon z !y comm5ce to rip54 ,a 
pla/] cat is a v good sc>ecr[ to fright5
 away birds f se$ & small fruits1 if its
 location is *ang$ e few days4  ,i f9d t
 ! pods ( cabbage se$ gr[n ,s\? are     
t\gh1 & n brittle1 l ^? gr[n ,nor?1 &   
h5ce t !y are injur$ b little1 if any1  
by se$ birds4 ,:5 ! se$-pods h pass$ :at
 se$sm5 call _! r$ /age1 !y beg9 to     
h>d52 z soon z a ?ird ( !m are br[n1 !  
entire /alk may be cut & hung up 9 a    
dry1 airy place1 = a few days1 :5 ! se$ 
w be ready = rubb+ or ?re%+ out4        
,diff]5t v>ieties %\ld be rais$ f> ap>t 
to insure purity2 & cabbage se$ _h bett]
 n be rais$ 9 ! vic9ity ( turnip se$4   
,!re is "s diff]5ce ( op9ion z to !     
effect ( gr[+ ^! ne> ea* o!r2 :]e ! two 
vegetables blossom at ! same "t1 ,i %\ld
 fe> an admixture4 ,:5 ! c>e requisite  

to select good se$ /ock1 & ! tr\ble1 &1 
(t51 great loss1 9 keep+ x ov] w9t]1    
plant+ x 9 isolat$ locations1 protect+ x
 f w9d & wea!r1 gu>d+ x f injury f birds
 & o!r enemies1 ga!r+ x1 clean+ x1 are  
all consid]$1 few m5 w f9d t !y c af=d  
to raise _! own se$1 provid$ !y c buy x 
f reliable se$sm54     ,,cook+          
,,cabbage1 ,,s\r-,,kr\t1 ,,etc4         
,cabbage :5 boil$ ) salt pork1 z x is   
mo/ly us$1 is ! food = /rong & heal?y   
dige/ive p[]s2 b :5 eat5 9 its raw /ate1
 s]v$ ) v9eg> & pepp]1 x is consid]$ "o 
( ! mo/ easily dige/$ articles ( diet4  
,9 ! process ( cook+1 ev5 ) ! greate/   
c>e1 a l>ge portion ( ! sweetness is    
lo/4 ,! l5g? ( "t requir$ to cook       
cabbage by boil+ v>ies ) ! quality1 ^? (
 ! be/ quality requir+ ab\t tw5ty       
m9utes1 :ile o!rs require an h\r4 ,9    
cook+ put x into boil+ wat] 9 :i* a     
little salt & soda has be5 spr9kl$1 :i* 
w t5d to pres]ve ! natural gre5 color4  
,x w be well to *ange ! wat] once4 ,!   
peculi> aroma giv5 out by cabbage :5    

cook+ is ?\ght to dep5d some:at on !    
mann] 9 :i* x is gr[n2 ^? hav+ be5 rais$
 ) ! lea/ rank manure hav+ ! lea/4 ,i   
?9k ?is is "o ( ! :ims ( ! community4   
,by us+ "s v>ieties ( boil]s all /eam is
 c>ri$ into ! fire1 & !re is no smell 9 
! h\se4  ,to ,pickle1 select h>d heads1 
qu>t] !m1 soak 9 salt & wat] f\r or five
 days1 !n dra9 & treat z = o!r pickles1 
) v9eg> spic$ to suit4  ,= ,cold ,slaw1 
select h>d heads1 halve & !n slice up ^!
 halves exce$+ly f9e4 ,lay ^! 9 a deep  
di%1 & p\r ov] v9eg> t has be5 rais$ to 
! boil+ po9t 9 :i* has be5 mix$ a little
 pepp] & salt4  ,s\r-,kr\t4 ,take l>ge1 
h>d-head$ drumheads1 halve1 & cut v f9e2
 !n pack 9 a clean1 tight b>rel1 beg9n+ 
) a spr9kl+ ( salt1 & foll[+ ) a lay] ( 
cabbage1 & ?us alt]nat+ until ! b>rel is
 fill$4 ,n[ compact ! mass z mu* z      
possible by p\nd+1 aft] :i* put on a    
well-fitt+ cov] re/+ on ! cabbage1 & lay
 heavy weights or a /one on ?is4 ,:5    
f]m5t$ x is ready = use4 ,to prep>e = ! 
table fry 9 butt] or fat4  ,! out] gre5 

leaves ( cabbages are sometimes us$ to  
l9e a brass or copp] kettle 9 :i*       
pickles are made 9 ! belief t ! v9eg>   
extracts ! color+ sub/ance 7*lorophyl7 9
 ! leaves1 & ! cucumb]s absorb+ ?is     
acquire a ri* gre5 color4 ,be n deceiv$ 
by ?is transp>5t *eat1 ,o simple        
h\sewife6 ! color+ matt] comes almo/    
:olly f ! copp] or brass beh9d ^?       
leaves2 &1 in/ead ( an innoc5t vegetable
 pigm5t1 y\r gre5 cucumb]s are dy$ ) !  
poison\s c>bonate ( copp]4              
,,cabbages ,,"u ,,glass4   ,! v e>ly    
cabbages usually br++ high prices1 !    
ent]pris+ m>ket g>d5] ei!r w9t]s ! "y   
plants "u glass or />ts !m !re1 plant+ !
 se$ "u its protect+ %elt] long be=e !  
cold ( w9t] is pass$4 ,:5 ! design is to
 w9t] ov] fall gr[n plants1 ! se$ are   
plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd ab\t ! middle (    
,septemb]1 & at ab\t ! la/ ( ,octob] !y 
are ready to g into ! cold frames1 z su*
 are call$ t dep5d :olly on ! sun =     
heat4 ,select ^? hav+ %ort /umps &      
transplant into ! frames1 ab\t an in* & 

a half by two in*es ap>t1 sett+ !m deep 
9 ! soil up to ! l[] leaves1 %ad+ !m ) a
 /raw mat1 or ! l1 = a few days1 aft]   
:i* let !m rema9 )\t any glass ov] !m   
until ! fro/ is sev]e en\gh to beg9 to  
freeze ! gr\nd1 !n place ov] ! sa%es2 b 
be> 9 m9d t ! object is n to promote    
gr[?1 b1 z ne>ly z possible1 to keep !m 
9 a dormant /ate1 to keep !m s cold t !y
 w n gr[1 & j suffici5tly protect$ to   
prev5t injury f freez+4 ,) ?is object 9 
view ! sa%es mu/ be rais$ :5ev] !       
temp]ature is above freez+1 & ?is       
process w s h>d5 ! plants t !y w receive
 no s]i\s injury ?\gh ! gr\nd "u ! sa%  
%\ld freeze two in*es deep2 cabbage     
plants w /& a temp]ature ( fifte5 to    
tw5ty degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,a    
cov]+ ( sn[ on ! sa% w d no h>m1 if x   
does n la/ long] ?an a week or t5 days1 
9 :i* case x mu/ be remov$4 ,!re is "s  
dang] to be fe>$ f gr\nd mice1 :o1 :5   
ev]y?+ else is lock$ up by ! fro/1 w    
in/9ctively take to ! sa%1 & !re cause  
mu* de/ruction among ! plants unless ^! 

are occasionally exam9$4 ,:5 ,m>* op5s  
remove ! sa% :5 ! temp]ature w all[1    
replac+ x :5 ! wea!r is unseasonably    
cold1 p>ticul>ly at night4 ,! plants may
 be br\ght /ill f>!r =w>d by transf]r+  
!m f ! hot-b$ :5 two or ?ree in*es high 
to cold frames1 hav+ fir/ some:at h>d5$ 
!m4 ,:5 s transf]r$ plant !m ab\t an in*
 ap>t1 & %ield f ! sun = two or ?ree    
days4 ,aft] ?is !y may be treat$ z 9    
cold frames4 ,! transf] t5ds to keep !m 
/ocky1 increases ! fibr\s roots & makes 
! plants h>di]4 ,z ! mon? advances x may
 be left entirely (f1 & ab\t ! fir/ (   
,april ! plants may be set out 9 ! op5  
field1 press+ f9e e>? firmly ar\nd !    
roots4  ,:5 cabbages are rais$ 9 hot-b$s
 ! se$1 9 ! latitude ( ,bo/on1 %\ld be  
plant$ on ! fir/ ( ,m>*2 9 t ( ,new     
,york1 ab\t a =tnight e>li]4 ,:5 two or 
?ree in*es high1 :i* w be 9 ?ree or f\r 
weeks1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ to ab\t f\r or   
less to an in* 9 ! r[4 ,!y %\ld n[ be   
well h>d5$ by p>tly draw+ (f ! sa%es 9 !
 w>m "p ( ! day1 & cov]+ at night2 z !  

season advances remove ! sa%es entirely 
by day1 cov]+ only at night4 ,by ab\t ! 
middle ( ,april ! plants w be ready = ! 
op5 gr\nd4  ,:5 rais$ 9 cold frames 9 ! 
spr+1 ! se$ %\ld be plant$ ab\t ! fir/ (
 ,april1 mats be+ us$ to reta9 by night 
! sol> heat accumulat$ dur+ ! day4 ,z ! 
season advances ! same process ( h>d5+ w
 be necess>y z ) ^? rais$ 9 hot-b$s4    
,,cold ,,frame ,,& ,,hot-,,b$4   ,to    
c>ry on hot-b$s on a l>ge scale         
successfully is almo/ an art 9 itself1 &
 = full] details ,i w ref] my read]s to 
works on g>d5+4 ,e>ly plants1 9 a small 
way1 may be rais$ 9 fl[] pots or boxes 9
 a w>m kit*5 w9d[4 ,x is be/1 if        
practicable1 to h b "o plant 9 ea* pot1 
t !y may gr[ %ort & /ocky4 ,if ! se$ are
 n plant$ e>li] ?an ,april1 = out-(-door
 cultivation1 a cold frame w answ]4  ,= 
a cold frame select ! locality 9 ! fall1
 *oos+ a w>m location on a s\!rn slope1 
protect$ by a f5ce or build+ on ! nor? &
 nor?-we/4 ,set po/s 9 ! gr\nd1 nail two
 bo>ds to ^! p>allel to ea* o!r1 "o ab\t

 a foot 9 height1 & ! o!r t[>ds ! s\?   
ab\t f\r in*es n>r[]2 ?is w give ! sa%es
 re/+ on !m ! "r slope to %$ ! ra9 &    
receive z mu* heat z possible f ! sun4  
,h ^! bo>ds at a di/ance ap>t equal to !
 l5g? ( ! sa%1 :i* may be any common    
w9d[ sa% = a small b$1 :ile ?ree & a    
half feet is ! l5g? ( a common g>d5]'s  
sa%4 ,if common w9d[ sa% is us$ cut     
*annels 9 ! cross-b>s to let ! wat] run 
(f4 ,dig ! gr\nd ?or\ghly 7x is be/ to  
cov] x 9 ! fall ) litt]1 to keep ! fro/ 
out7 & rake out all /ones or clods2 !n  
slide 9 ! sa% & let x rema9 clos$ = ?ree
 or f\r days1 t ! soil may be w>m$ by ! 
sun's rays4 ,! two end bo>ds & ! bottom 
bo>d %\ld rise z high z ! sa%1 to prev5t
 ! heat escap+1 & ! bottom bo>d ( a     
small frame %\ld h a /rip nail$ inside  
to re/ ! sa% on4 ,next rake 91 ?or\ghly1
 guano1 or phosphate1 or f9ely pulv]iz$ 
h5 manure1 & plant 9 r[s f\r to six     
in*es ap>t4 ,z ! season advances raise !
 sa%es an in* or two1 9 ! middle ( !    
day1 & wat] freely1 at ev5+1 ) wat] t is

 ne>ly ( ! temp]ature ( ! e>? 9 ! frame4
 ,z ! heat ( ! season increases :itewa% 
! glass1 & keep !m m & m op5 until j    
be=e ! plants are set 9 op5 gr\nd1 !n   
all[ ! glass to rema9 entirely (f1 bo?  
day & night1 unless !re %\ld be a cold  
ra94 ,?is w h>d5 !m s t !y w n be apt to
 be injur$ by ! cabbage beetle1 z well z
 *ill$ & put back by ! *ange4 ,%\ld !   
plants be gett+ too l>ge be=e ! season =
 transplant+1 !y %\ld be *eck$ by root  
prun+1--draw+ a %>p knife )9 a c\ple (  
in*es ( ! /alk4 ,if x is desirable /ill 
fur!r to *eck _! gr[?1 or h>d5 !m1      
transplant into ano!r cold frame1 all[+ 
ea* plant d\ble ! di/ance x be=e        
occupi$4  ,! /ructure & managem5t ( a   
hot-b$ is mu* ! same z t ( a cold frame1
 ) ! exception t ! sa%es are usually    
long] & ! back & front some:at high]2   
be+ />t$ e>li] ! requisite temp]ature   
has to be kept up by artificial means1  
f]m5t+ manure be+ reli$ ^u = ! purpose2 
& ! loss ( ?is heat has to be *eck$ m   
c>efully by /raw matt+1 &1 9 ! f> ,nor?1

 by %utt]s also4 ,9 con/ruct+ x1        
horse-manure1 ) pl5ty ( litt]1 & ab\t a 
qu>t] its bulk 9 leaves1 if atta9able1  
all hav+ be5 well mix$ toge!r1 is ?r[n  
into a pile1 & left = a few days until  
/eam escapes1 :5 ! mass is aga9 ?r[n ov]
 & left = two or ?ree days m1 aft] :i* x
 is ?r[n into ! pit 7or x may be plac$  
directly on ! surface7 :i* is l9$ )     
bo>ds1 f eighte5 in*es to two feet 9    
dep?1 :5 x is beat5 d[n ) a =k & trodd5 
well toge!r4 ,! sa%es are n[ put on &   
kept !re until heat is develop$4 ,! fir/
 int5se heat mu/ be all[$ to pass (f1   
:i* w be 9 ab\t ?ree days aft] ! high   
temp]ature is rea*$4 ,n[ ?r[ on six or  
eight in*es ( f9e soil1 9 :i* mix well  
rott$ manure1 free f all /raw1 or rake  
91 ?or\ghly1 sup]phosphate1 or guano1 at
 ! rate ( two ?\s& p\nds to ! acre1 &   
plant ! se$ z 9 cold frame4 ,h>d5 !     
plants z direct$ 9 prec$+ p>agraph4     
,,caulifl[]1 ,,broccoli1                
,,brussels-,,spr\ts1 ,,kale1 ,,&        
,,sea-,,kale4   ,my treatise on !       

cabbage w\ld h>dly be complete )\t "s   
allusion to su* prom95t memb]s ( !      
,brassica family z ! caulifl[]1         
broccoli1 brussels-spr\ts1 & kale4      
,caulifl[]4 ,wrote ! great ,dr4         
,johnson3 ,( all ! fl[]s ( ! g>d51 give 
me ! caulifl[]4 ,:e!r f ?is we are to   
inf] ! surpass+ excell5ce ( ?is memb] ( 
! ,brassica family1 or t ! di/+ui%$     
lexicograph] meant emphatically to /ate 
8 pref]5ce ( utility to beauty 7p]haps  
our own ,b54 ,frankl9 took a leaf f     
him71 ea* read] mu/ be 8 own judge2 b be
 t z x may1 x rema9s true1 beyond all   
controv]sy1 t ! caulifl[]1 9 too?some   
excell5ce1 /&s at ! head ( ! great      
family ( :i* x is a memb]4 ,to be       
successful1 & raise *oice caulifl[]s1 is
 ! height ( ! ambition ( ! m>ket g>d5]2 
&1 ) all 8 exp]i5ce1 & ) e facility at  
h&1 he does n expect full success (t5]  
?an ?ree ye>s 9 f\r4 ,! caulifl[]1 l !  
/rawb]ry1 is exce$+ly s5sitive to !     
pres5ce or abs5ce ( suffici5t wat]1 &   
success or failure ) ! crop may turn on 

its hav+ a full supply f ! "t !y are    
half gr[n4 ,! f9e/ specim5s rais$ 9     
,europe are gr[n 9 b$s1 :i* are kept    
well wat]$ f ! supply :i* runs betwe5   
!m2 & ! mo/ successful gr[]s 9 ! c\ntry 
irrigate _! crops dur+ p]iods ( dr\?4   
,caulifl[]s d be/ on deep1 ri*1 r moi/  
soils4 ,9 ! way ( food1 !y want ! v be/1
 & pl5ty ( x at t4 ,! successful        
competitor1 :o won ! fir/ prize at !    
great ,bay ,/ate ,fair1 to ! disgu/$    
surprise ( a gr[] ju/ly fam\s = 8 almo/ 
uni=m success 9 w9n+ ! laurels1 :isp]$ 9
 my e> 8 secret3 ,r4 manures v heavily 9
 ! spr+ = 8 crop4 ,i manure v heavily   
bo? fall & spr+4 ,9 manur+1 !re=e1 d z  
well by !m z by y\r heavie/ crop ( l>ge 
drumhead cabbage1 us+ ri* & well-rott$  
manure1 broadca/1 ) dissolv$ bone or    
a%es1 or bo?1 9 ! drill4 ,pl\gh deep1 & 
"w ! l& v ?or\ghly1 two pl\gh+s1 ) a    
h>r[+ betwe51 are bett] ?an "o4 ,give   
pl5ty ( room2 ?ree by ?ree = ! small]   
sorts1 & ?ree by ?ree & a half = ! lat] 
& l>g]4 ,!y ne$ ! same cultivation1 &1  

be+ subject to ! same diseases & injury 
f insect enemies1 ne$ ! same protection 
z _! c\s9s ( ! cabbage tribe4 ,9 rais+ =
 ! summ] m>ket1 />t 9 ! cold frame1 or  
plant z e>ly z ! gr\nd c be work$1 t !  
plants may get well />t$ be=e ! dry     
season1 or ! crop w be likely to make   
su* small heads buttons z to be         
practically a failure4 ,= late crop1    
plant se$ 9 ! hills :]e !y are to gr[1 f
 ! #bj? ( ,may to ! middle ( ,june4 ,!  
crop rip5s some:at irregul>ly4 ,:5 !re  
is dang] f fro/1 ! lat] heads %\ld be   
pull$ & /or$1 ) bo? roots & leaves1 be+ 
cr[d$1 /&+ z !y grew1 into a cold cell> 
or cold pit1 :5 !y w cont9ue gr[+4 ,z   
soon z ! heads beg9 to =m1 !y %\ld be   
protect$ f sunlight by ei!r half break+ 
(f ! out] leaves & b5d+ !m ov] !m1 or by
 ga!r+ ^! leaves loosely toge!r & conf9+
 !m loosely by r\gh pegs1 or by ty+ !m  
toge!r ) a wisp ( rye-/raw4  ,v>ieties4 
,^! are almo/ z num]\s z 9 ! cabbage    
family4 ,i f9d notes on "s ?irty-five   
v>ieties1 te/$ f ye> to ye>1 9 my       

exp]im5tal gr\nds4 ,mo/ ( !m prove      
!mselves to be b a lott]y1 9 ?is c\ntry 
( dry seasons1 ?\gh 9 ! moi/] climate ( 
! ,european localities1 :]e !y are at   
home1 !y are a success4  ,illu/ration   
,illu/ration  ,! ,half-,e>ly ,p>is1 or  
,demi-,dur1 0 = ye>s ! /&>d v>iety rais$
 9 ?is c\ntry1 & f ?is1 by selection1   
favorite local v>ieties 7 obta9$2 b1 (  
late ye>s1 ?is has be51 to a l>ge       
degree1 sup]s$$ by sev]al excell5t      
sorts1 ( :i* ! ,extra-,e>ly ,dw>f       
,erfurt 01 d\btless ! p>5t4 ,pr9cipal   
among ^! v>ieties are ! ,sn[ball1 !     
,sea-,foam1 ,vick's ,ideal1 & ,b]l9     
,dw>f4 ,all ( ^! are e>ly sorts &       
excell5t /ra9s4 ,aft] te/+ !m side by   
side1 ,i f9d t ! be/ /ra9 ( ! ,sn[ball  
is n excell$ by ei!r ( !m4 ,( ! some:at 
lat] rip5+ sorts1 a v>iety :i* orig9at$ 
9 ?is c\ntry1 call$ ! ,long ,isl&       
,beauty1 gives me great satisfaction1 9 
its reliability = head+1 & 9 ! l>ge size
 ( its heads2 ?is1 ) ! ,alg]ian1 z a    
l>g] late sort1 w give u a fir/-class   

s]ies4  ,illu/ration  ,caulifl[] se$ is 
n rais$1 z yet1 to any l>ge ext5t 9 ?is 
c\ntry1 ?\gh "s successful ef=ts h      
rec5tly be5 made 9 ?is direction4 ,i h  
f\nd t !re is a rem>kable diff]5ce      
betwe5 v>ieties 9 ! quantity ( se$ !y w 
yield4 ,f "o v>iety ,i h rais$ z high z 
sixty p\nds ( se$ f a giv5 numb] (      
plants1 :ile f two o!rs1 equally e>ly1  
hav+ ! same numb] ( plants 9 ea*        
in/ance1 & rais$ 9 ! same location 7an  
isl& 9 ! ocean71 ) precisely ! same     
treatm5t 9 e way1 ,i got1 9 ea* case1   
less ?an a tablespoonful ( se$1 ?\gh !  
heads ( "s ( !m grew to ! enorm\s size (
 sixte5 in*es 9 diamet]4  ,a f9e        
caulifl[] is ! pet a*ievem5t ( ! m>ket  
g>d5]4 ,! great aim is n to produce size
 only1 b ! f9e1 :ite1 creamy color1     
compactness1 & :at is te*nically call$  
curdy appe>ance1 f its resemblance to ! 
curd ( milk 9 its prep>ation = *eese4   
,:5 ! fl[] beg9s to op51 or :5 x is ( a 
w>ty or fro/-l appe>ance1 x is less     
e/eem$4 ,x %\ld n be cut 9 summ] above a

 day be=e x is us$4 ,! caulifl[] is s]v$
 ) milk & butt]1 or x may become a      
compon5t ( s\ps1 or be us$ z a pickle4  
,! ,broccoli are closely alli$ to !     
caulifl[]1 ! :ite v>ieties be>+ s close 
a resemblance t "o ( !m1 ! ,wal*]51 is  
by "s class$ indiscrim9ately ) ea*4 ,!  
*ief di/9ction betwe5 ! two is 9        
h>d9ess1 ! broccoli be+ mu* ! h>di]4  ,(
 ,broccoli ov] =ty v>ieties are nam$ 9  
=eign catalogues1 ( :i* ,,wal*]5 is "o (
 ! v be/4 ,,knight',s ,,protect+ is an  
exce$+ly h>dy dw>f sort4 ,z a rule1 !   
:ite v>ieties are pref]r$ to ! purple   
k9ds4 ,plant & treat z caulifl[]4  ,(   
,brussels-,spr\ts 7or bud-be>+ cabbage7 
!re are b two v>ieties1 ! dw>f & ! tall2
 ! tall k9d produces m buds1 :ile ! dw>f
 is ! h>di]4 ,! spr\ts =m on ! /alks1 & 
are m9iature heads ( cabbage f ! size ( 
a pea to t ( a pigeon's egg4 ,!y are    
rais$ to b a limit$ ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 
b 9 ,europe !y are gr[n on a l>ge scale4
 ,! spr\ts may be cook$ & s]v$ l        
cabbage1 ?\gh (t5times !y are treat$ m z

 a delicacy & s]v$ ) butt] or "s ri*    
sauce4 ,! ,,fea!r ,,/em ,,savoy &       
,,dalm5y ,,spr\ts are consid]$ z        
hybrids1 ! "o betwe5 ! brussels-spr\ts &
 ,savoy1 ! o!r betwe5 x & ,drumhead     
,savoy4 ,! soil = brussels-spr\ts %\ld n
 be s ri* z = cabbage1 z ! object is to 
gr[ !m small & solid4 ,give ! same      
di/ance ap>t z = e>ly cabbage1 & ! same 
mann] ( cultivation4 ,break (f ! leaves 
at ! sides a few at a "t :5 ! spr\ts    
beg9 to =m & :5 !y are ready to use cut 
!m (f ) a %>p knife4  ,kale4 ,sea-kale1 
or sea-cabbage1 is a native ( ! sea coa/
 ( ,engl&1 gr[+ 9 ! s& & pebbles ( !    
sea-%ore4 ,x is a p]5nial1 p]fectly     
h>dy1 )/&+ ! colde/ w9t]s ( ,new ,engl&4
 ,! blossoms1 ?\gh be>+ a g5]al         
resemblance to ^? ( o!r memb]s ( !      
cabbage family1 are yet q unique 9      
appe>ance1 & ,i ?9k wor?y ( a place 9 ! 
fl[] g>d54 ,x is propagat$ bo? by se$ & 
by cutt+s ( ! roots1 hav+ ! r[s ?ree    
feet ap>t1 & ! plants ?ree feet ap>t 9 !
 r[s4 ,x is difficult to get ! se$s to  

vegetate4 ,plant se$ 9 ,april & ,may4 ,!
 gr\nd %\ld be ri*ly manur$1 & deeply & 
?or\ghly work$4 ,x is blan*$ be=e us+4  
,9 cook+ x x requires to be v ?or\ghly  
boil$1 aft] :i* x is s]v$ up 9 melt$    
butt] & toa/$ bread4 ,! sea-kale is     
highly priz$ 9 ,engl&2 b ?us f> its     
cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 v      
limit$4  ,! ,borecole1 or common kale1  
is ( ! cabbage family1 b is *>act]iz$ by
 n head+ l ! cabbage or produc+ eatable 
fl[]s l ! caulifl[] & broccoli4 ,!      
v>ieties are v num]\s1 "s ( !m gr[+ v   
l>ge & co>se1 suitable only z food =    
/ock2 o!rs are exce$+ly f9ely curl$1 &  
excell5t = table use2 :ile o!rs 9 _!    
color & /ructure are highly ornam5tal4  
,!y are annual1 bi5nial1 & p]5nial4 ,!y 
d n require s /rong a soil or su* high  
manur+ z o!r v>ieties ( ! cabbage       
family4  ,! v>ieties are almo/ endless2 
"s ( ! be/ 9 cultivation = table use are
 ! ,,dw>f ,,scot*1 ,,dw>f ,,gre5 ,,curl$
 or ,,g]man ,,gre5s1 ,,tall ,,gre5      
,,curl$1 ,,purple ,,borecole1 & !       

v>iegat$ kales4 ,! cr[n ( ! plant is us$
 z gre5s1 or z an +r$i5t 9 s\ps4 ,!     
kales are v h>dy1 & ! dw>f v>ieties1 ) b
 little protection1 c be kept 9 ! ,nor? 
well into ! w9t] 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,plant &
 cultivate l ,savoy cabbage4  ,!        
v>iegat$ sorts1 ) _! f9e curl$ leaves ( 
a ri* purple1 gre51 r$1 :ite1 or yell[  
color1 are v pleas+ 9 _! effects1 & =m a
 /rik+ & attractive feature :5 plant$ 9 
clumps 9 ! fl[] g>d51 p>ticul>ly is ?is 
s because _! extreme h>d9ess leaves !m 9
 full vigor aft] ! cold has de/roy$ all 
o!r plants--"s ( ! ri*e/ colors are     
develop$ along ! ve9s ( ! upp]mo/ leaves
 aft] ! plant has ne>ly f9i%$ its gr[? =
 ! season4 ,! ,,j]sey ,,c[ ,,kale gr[s  
to f ?ree to six feet 9 height & yields 
a great body ( gre5 food = /ock2 h ! r[s
 ab\t ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants two to 
?ree feet di/ant 9 ! r[s4 ,9 sev]al     
in/ances my cu/om]s h writt5 me t ?is   
kale rais$ = /ock fe$ has giv5 !m great 
satisfaction4  ,! ,,?\s&-,,head$ ,,kale 
is a tall v>iety s5d+ out num]\s side   

%oots1 :5ce ! "n4          99       99  
99       99       99   ,,squa%es3  ,,h[ 
,,to ,,gr[ ,,!m4  ,,price1 #cj ,,c5ts1  
,,by ,,mail4  ,?is treatise is amply    
illu/rat$1 & gives full p>ticul>s on e  
po9t1 includ+ keep+ & m>ket+ ! crop4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,f]tiliz]s3  ,,:]e ,,! ,,mat]ials      
,,come ,,f2 ,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,,!m ,,9 ,,!
 ,,*eape/ ,,=m2 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,our  
,,own ,,f]tiliz]s4   ,9 ?is "w !re w be 
f\nd _m valuable tables1 ) _m           
sugge/ions1 & mu* in=mation on ! pur*ase
 ( mat]ials1 ! comb9+ ( !m1 & ! use ( ! 
f]tiliz]s made f !m4 ,i believe x w give
 a good return to any ( my cu/om]s1 = 8 
outlay4 ,! treatise makes a book ( #aaf 
pages4  ,,price1 ,,by ,,mail1 #dj       
,,c5ts4   ,,cabbages ,,& ,,caulifl[]s3  
,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[ ,,!m4  ,a ,,practical   
,,treatise1 ,,giv+ ,,full ,,details ,,on
 ,,e ,,po9t1 ,,includ+ ,,keep+ ,,&      
,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,crop4  ,,by  ,,james ,j4 
,h4 ,,gregory1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,works ,,on 
,,squa% ,,rais+1 ,,onion ,,rais+1       

,,etc41 ,,etc4  ,,bo/on3 ,,ca%man1      
,,keat+  ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s1 #ahhi4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,onion ,,rais+3    ,,:at ,,k9ds ,,to   
,,raise   ,,&   ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,raise  
,,!m4  ,,by    ,,james ,j4 ,h4          
,,gregory1   ,,se$ ,,gr[] ,,& ,,deal]1  
,,m>blehead1 ,,mass4  ,?is "w has be5   
w>mly recomm5d$ by "s ( ! be/ au?orities
 9 ! c\ntry1 & has gone ?r\gh f\rte5    
editions4 ,x gives ! m9ute/ details1 f  
select+ ! gr\nd & prep>+ ! soil1 up to  
ga!r+ & m>ket+ ! crop4 ,illu/rat$ )     
?irte5 engrav+s ( ,onions1 ,s[+ ,ma*9es1
 & ,we$+ ,ma*9es4  ,,price1 ,,by ,,mail1
 #cj ,,c5ts4          99       99       
99       99       99   ,a ,,new         
,,treatise4  ,,c>rots1 ,,mangold        
,,wurtzels  ,,&  ,,sug> ,,beets4  ,,:at 
,,k9d ,,to ,,raise3  ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m    
,,&  ,h[ to ,fe$ ,!m4  ,?is treatise    
pres5ts1 9 m9ute/ detail1 e /ep (       
progress1 f plant+ ! se$ to ! matur$    
crop4  ,,by    ,,james ,j4 ,h4          
,,gregory1   ,,m>blehead1 ,,mass4       

,,price1 ,,by ,,mail1 #cj ,,c5ts4