de ,france 7,bn,f_/,gallica7 at http3_/_/gallica4bnf4fr7 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,?is pap] is an extract f ! foll[+ publication3 ,p[ell1 ,j4 ,w4 #ahig ,sixte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 pp4 #aii-bff4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,! index 0 extract$ f ! complete volume index4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation & spell+ h be5 ma9ta9$1 along ) two typographical errors4 ,! typographical errors are m>k$ ) ,,tn- 9 ! text4 ,a complete li/ ( inconsi/5cies & errors is f\nd at ! end ( ?is pap]4 ,! orig9al publication us$ two less-common *>act]s3 7op5 o7 & 7h ) /roke74 ,if ^! *>act]s d n display correctly1 please try *ang+ y\r font or us+ ! ,lat9-#a text v]sion ( ?is pap]4 ,,day ,,symbols ,,( ,,! ,,maya ,,ye> ,,by ,,cyrus ,,?omas ,,cont5ts ,page ,introductory #bje ,! fir/ day #bjg ,! second day #bae ,! ?ird day #bba ,! f\r? day #bbf ,! fif? day #bbi ,! six? day #bca ,! sev5? day #bcb ,! eigh? day #bce ,! n9? day #bcg ,! t5? day #bci ,! elev5? day #bda ,! twelf? day #bdc ,! ?irte5? day #bde ,! f\rte5? day #bdh ,! fifte5? day #bej ,! sixte5? day #beb ,! sev5te5? day #bed ,! eighte5? day #beh ,! n9ete5? day #bei ,! tw5tie? day #bfb ,app5dix--,a li/ ( ! deities ( ! days ( ! mon? 9 ! ,maori cal5d> #bfe ,,illu/rations ,page ,,plate ,,lxiv4 ,copies ( glyphs f ! codices #bjh ,,lxv4 ,copies ( glyphs f ! codices #bbf ,,lxvi4 ,copies ( glyphs f ! codices #bdb ,,lxvii4 ,copies ( glyphs f ! codices #beb ,,lxviii4 ,copies ( glyphs f ! codices #bfj ,,lxix4 ,%ell be>+ ,maya glyphs #bfb ,,day ,,symbols ,,( ,,! ,,maya ,,ye> ,,by ,,cyrus ,,?omas ,,introductory ,z ! orig9 & signification ( ! day & mon?1 names ( ! ,maya cal5d>1 & ( ! symbols us$ to repres5t ^! "t p]iods1 are n[ be+ discuss$ by /ud5ts ( ,mexican & ,c5tral ,am]ican paleography1 ,i deem x advisable to pres5t ! result ( my inve/igations 9 ?is l9e4 ,! pres5t pap]1 h[ev]1 w be limit$ to ! days only1 z ,i h b little to add 9 reg>d to ! mon? names or symbols4 ,z ! conclusion rea*$ by ,drs ,sel] & ,br9ton 9 reg>d to ! ord] & sequ5ce ( ! days ( ! mon? 9 ! diff]5t cal5d>s appe>s to be satisfactorily e/abli%$1 x w be accept$4 ,z frequ5t allusion is made h]e9 to ! phoneticism or phonetic value ( ! writt5 *>act]s or hi]oglyphs1 x is prop] t ! writ]'s position on ?is po9t %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,he does n claim t ! ,maya scribes _h rea*$ t advanc$ /age :]e !y c\ld indicate ea* lett]-s\nd by a glyph or symbol4 ,on ! contr>y1 he ?9ks a symbol1 probably d]iv$ 9 mo/ cases f an old] me?od ( picture writ+1 0 select$ because ! "n or ^w x repres5t$ _h z its *ief phonetic elem5t a c]ta9 consonant s\nd or syllable4 ,if ?is consonant elem5t 7 b1 ! symbol w\ld be us$ :]e b 0 ! prom95t consonant elem5t ( ! ^w to be indicat$1 no ref]5ce1 h[ev]1 to its orig9al signification be+ necess>ily reta9$4 ,?us ! symbol = cab1 e>?1 might be us$ 9 writ+ ,caban1 a day "n1 or cabil1 honey1 because cab is _! *ief phonetic elem5t4 ,9 a previ\s "w#bje-a ,i h express$ ! op9ion t ! *>act]s are to a c]ta9 ext5t phonetic--are n true alphabetic signs1 b syllabic4 ,& at ! same "t ,i express$ ! op9ion t ev5 ?is def9ition did n hold true ( all1 z "s 7 app>5tly ideographic1 :ile o!rs 7 simple abbreviat$ pictorial repres5tations4 ,9 a subsequ5t pap]#bje-b ,i express$ sub/antially ! same op9ion1 & gave z my belief t "o reason :y attempts at deciph]m5t h fail$ ( success is a misconception ( ! peculi> "* ( ! writ+1 :i* peculi>ity is f\nd 9 ! fact t1 z x exi/s 9 ! codices & inscriptions1 x is 9 a transition /age f ! purely ideographic to ! phonetic4 ,i /at$ also my belief t ! writ+ _h n rea*$ ! /age :5 ea* s\nd 0 indicat$ by a glyph or sign4 ,?is may fur!r be expla9$ by ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,! conv5tionaliz$ figure ( a turtlehead is ! symbol = a turtle1 ak1 ac1 or aac 9 ,maya2 & a conv5tionaliz$ footpr9t is ! symbol = /ep or road1 be1 beil1 9 ,maya4 ,^! may be br\ght toge!r to =m ! ^w akyab or kayab1 :i* may h no ref]5ce to ! orig9al signification ( ! comb9$ symbols4 ,^! two glyphs are1 9 fact1 comb9$ to =m ! symbol = ! mon? ,kayab4 ,^! /atem5ts w p]haps suffice to make cle> my views on ?is "q1 :i* d n appe> to h be5 cle>ly und]/ood1 possibly because ( my frequ5t use ( ! words phonetic & phoneticism1 & p]haps r loose ref]5ce to lett] elem5ts4 ,x is prop]1 h[ev]1 to add t ,i am incl9$ to ! op9ion t modification 9 ! =m & details ( a glyph :i* belongs to ! class :i*1 = want ( a bett] t]m1 we may designate phonetic1 9 _m cases indicates a modification or *ange 9 ! signification or ^w value4 ,i say 9 _m cases1 because ^! modifications are due (t5 to ! great] or less] accuracy ) :i* ! glyph is drawn1 ! caprice ( ! scribe1 & o!r causes :i* h no ref]5ce to s\nd or signification4 ,= example1 ! *ange ( a r\nd$ or circul> symbol to a face figure1 z is (t5 done1 does n appe>1 at lea/ 9 ! day signs1 to h any significance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a slight v>iation1 if p]man5t1 may be indicative ( a diff]5ce 9 signification or phonetic value4 ,?is appe>s to be true1 to "s ext5t1 :e!r we consid] ! *>act]s ideographic or z1 9 "s s5se1 phonetic4 ,! li/s ( ! days 9 ! ,maya1 ,tz5tal1 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 ,zapotec1 & ,nahuatl1 9 ! ord] usually giv51 are z foll[s3 ,names ( ! days 9 ! diff]5t cal5d>s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,maya ,tz5tal ,qui*e-,cak*iquel ,zapotec ,nahuatl ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,imix4 ,imox4 ,imox4 ,*illa4 ,cipactli4 ,ik4 ,igh4 ,ik'4 ,gui1 ,ni1 ,laa4 ,ehecatl4 ,akbal4 ,votan4 ,akbal4 ,gula4 ,calli4 ,kan4 ,ghanan4 ,k'at4 ,gua*e4 ,cuetzpall94 ,*ic*an4 ,abagh4 ,c4 ,ci1 ,ziie4 ,cohuatl4 ,cimi4 ,tox4 ,camey4 ,lana4 ,miquiztli4 ,manik4 ,moxic4 ,qu*4 ,*9a4 ,mazatl4 ,lamat4 ,lambat4 ,canel4 ,lapa4 ,to*tli4 ,muluc4 ,molo4 ,toh4 ,niza4 ,atl4 ,oc4 ,elab4 ,tzi4 ,tella4 ,itzcu9tli4 ,*u54 ,batz4 ,batz4 ,goloo4 ,ozomatli4 ,eb4 ,euob4 ,e1 ,ee4 ,pija4 ,mall9alli4 ,b51 ,be54 ,b54 ,ah4 ,quii4 ,acatl4 ,ix1 ,hix4 ,hix4 ,balam4 ,e*e4 ,ocelotl4 ,m54 ,tziqu94 ,tziqu94 ,naa4 ,quauhtli4 ,cib4 ,*ab94 ,ahmak4 ,loo4 ,cozcaquauhtli4 ,caban4 ,*ic4 ,noh4 ,xoo4 ,oll94 ,edznab4 ,*9ax4 ,tihax4 ,gopaa4 ,tecpatl4 ,cauac4 ,cahogh4 ,caoc4 ,appe4 ,quiahuitl4 ,ahau4 ,aghual4 ,hunahpu4 ,lao4 ,xo*itl4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,day ,maya1 imix 7or ymix72 ,tz5tal1 imox or mox2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 imox or mox92 ,zapotec1 *illa or *iylla2 ,nahuatl1 cipactli4 ,! symbol ( ?is day1 :i* is q uni=m 9 ! day s]ies ( ! codices1 is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #a4bjg-a ,9 ?is ! ess5tial features appe> to be ! black spot at ! top1 ! semicircle ( dots ar\nd x1 & ! %ort p]p5dicul> l9es 9 ! l[] half4 ,! =m on ! "r slab ( ! ,pal5que tablet1 & also 9 ! ,lorill>d ,city inscription1 copi$ by ,*>ney1,,tn-#a is giv5 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #b4 ,! only p>ticul> 9 :i* ?is diff]s f ! o!r is t ! little circle at ! top is cros%at*$4 ,! =m %[n 9 ,,lxiv1 #c1 is f\nd 9 ! ,tikal inscription2 x %[s also ! cros%at*+ 9 ! little circle at ! top4 ,?is "*1 h[ev]1 :5 comb9$ ) o!r glyphs1 & :5 us$ o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 sometimes v>ies f ! types giv54 ,= example1 9 ! symbol ( ! mon? ,mac x is z %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #d4 ,9 ?is a m9ute1 divid$ oblong1 takes ! place ( ! d>k spot at ! top1 & a d\ble curv$ l9e accompanies ! circle ( dots4 ,ano!r =m is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #e4 ,! only v>iation 9 ?is f ! usual type is ! introduction ( two or ?ree m9ute circles 9 ! curv$ l9e ( dots & ! divid$ oblong4 ,dr ,sel] is incl9$ to believe t ^! are ess5tial v>iants f ! true imix symbol2 nev]!less1 z m is ! *ief consonant elem5t bo? 9 imix1 or mox & mac1 !re appe>s to be a relation betwe5 ! =m ( ! glyphs & _! phonetic value4 ,drs ,sel] & ,s*ellhas believe im to be ! radical ( imix & imox1 :i* are dialectal v>iations ( ! same ^w4 ,dr ,br9ton1 h[ev]1 bas+ 8 op9ion on ! fact t mox & mox9 are us$ sometimes z equival5ts1 decides t ! radical syllable is m-x4 ,9 ?is he is probably correct1 & if s1 ?is furni%es additional evid5ce ( ! close relation betwe5 =m & s\nd1 z 9 "o case m-x are ! *ief phonetic elem5ts & 9 ! o!r m-c4 ,x is probable t ,drs ,s*ellhas & ,sel] 7 l$ to _! conclusion by ! fact t ! symbol be>s a close resemblance to ! conv5tional =m ( ! female brea/1 :i* 9 ,maya is im4 ,?is1 :i* 0 p]haps ! orig9 ( ! symbol1 0 probably select$ simply because m is its only prom95t elem5t4 ,nev]!less1 x is wor?y ( notice t ! symbol = ! day ,ix is frequ5tly repres5t$ z %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #cf1 f ,tro4 #e99;c4 ,?is is simil> 9 "s respects to ! ,imix symbol1 & ! "n conta9s ! i & x ( ! latt]4 ,if ! writ+ is phonetic1 ! po9ts ( resemblance may h "s significance1 o!rwise !y d n4 ,9 a previ\s pap]#bjh-a ,i sugge/$ t ! probable signification ( ! "* ,,lxiv1 #g1 f ,dres4 #ad;c & #df;b1 is maax1 monkey1 ape1 imitator4 ,bel[ ! text 9 ea* case is se5 a d>k male figure 7or deity71 to :i* x und\bt$ly ref]s1 z is conc$$ by ,drs ,s*ellhas & ,sel]4 ,! face "*1 :i* =ms "p ( ! glyph1 may be only a det]m9ative2 at lea/ ,i am unable to assign x any o!r value 9 ?is connection1 & ! necessity = su* det]m9ative is app>5t4 ,brasseur1 "u akab-maax1 speaks ( a phantom or hobgobl9 ( ?is "n1 :i* he says signifies ! great monkey ( ! night4 ,p]ez gives z def9itions du5de 7elf or hobgobl97 & mico nocturno4 ,h5d]son1 :o writes ! "n akabmax1 simply says sprite1 phantom4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t among ! sup]/iti\s beliefs ( ! ,maya 0 t ( a night phantom or deity1 :i* took ! =m ( a monkey4 ,b ?is black figure appe>s to be diff]5t f ^? on ,tro4 #cd99-ca991 ) :i* ,sel] connects x & to :i* he applies ! "n ,ek*uah4#bjh-b ,9 ! pap] above ref]r$ to1 ,i h int]pret$ ! symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #h 7f ,dres4 #ce;c7 maa*1 ! cr[1 assum+ ! birdhead to be a det]m9ative4 ,sel] concludes t ! bird :i* ?is repres5ts is a sub/itute1 colleague1 or symbol ( ! ,ra9 god ,*ac1 ! s-call$ ,maya ,tlaloc s frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ! codices4 ,al?\gh !re is 9 ?is case no bird figure bel[ to confirm our int]pretation1 yet x appe>s to be ju/ifi$ by ! comp>isons giv5 & by its agreem5t ) ! phonetic value ( ! imix symbol4 ,x is also fur!r confirm$ by ! two glyphs %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ac1 #ad1 :i* occur toge!r 9 ,dres4 #ch;b4 ,9 ?is case ! two *>act]s1 :i* are comb9$ 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #h1 are sep>at$1 yet mu/ h ! same signification4 ,"h ! bird figure 7a man ) a bird's head or bird mask7 is se5 bel[4 ,9 bo? in/ances ra9 is repres5t$1 %[+ t ! bird is suppos$ to be> "s relation !reto4 ,b x is m likely t x has direct ref]5ce to ! w9d :i* accompanies ! ra9 /orm r ?an to fruitfulness1 z ,sel] supposes4 ,be ?is1 h[ev]1 z x may1 our r5d]+ ( ! imix symbol 9 ?is connection appe>s to be ju/ifi$1 & indicates t ! symbol is us$ "h = its phonetic value r ?an ) any ref]5ce to its prim>y signification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxiv4 ,,copies ,,( ,,glyphs ,,f ,,! ,,codices ,dr ,sel] also ref]s 9 ?is connection to ! l[] l9e ( symbols on ,dres4 #bi-cj;b 7?ree ( :i* are %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ae1 #af1 #ag72 to ^? %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ah1 #ai1 f ,tro4 #ad;c2 & ^? %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #bj1 #ba1 f ,tro4 #aa;a4 ,he rem>ks t 9 a numb] ( hi]oglyphs ! "* imix /&s z an equival5t ( a peculi> animal head :i* be>s z a di/9ctive m>k ! elem5t akbal ov] ! eye4 ,?us 9 ! hi]oglyphs enum]at+ ^? above m5tion$ :i*1 /&+ aft] ! hi]oglyphs ( ! c>d9al po9ts1 seem to express ! deities presid+ ov] !m1 inde$ !re appe>s "h on ! same animal head1 on "o h& ! "* imix1 on ! o!r ! elem5t figure #afe 7our plate ,,lxiv1 #e74 ,al?\gh ,i am unable to int]pret satisfactorily ! imix symbols 9 ! places above ref]r$ to1 ,i ?9k x c be made app>5t t ,dr ,sel]'s explanation is )\t f\ndation4 ,= in/ance1 by ref]r+ to ! plates ( ! ,dresd5 & ,troano codices m5tion$1 x w be se5 t !re is no?+ :atev] t ref]s to an animal head :i* be>s ! elem5t akbal ov] ! eye1 unless we suppose x to be 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #af 7f ,dres4 #bi;b7 & ,,lxviii1 #ba 7f ,tro4 #aa;a74 ,!re is no figure bel[ or connect$ ) ei!r s]ies to ju/ify ?is conclusion4 ,x is also c]ta9 t plate ,,lxviii1 #ba 7,tro4 #aa;a7 is n an animal head4 ,possibly plate ,,lxviii1 #af 7,dres4 #bi;b7 may be int5d$ = an animal head1 b ?is is n c]ta9 &1 moreov]1 x is n repeat$ 9 ! s]ies4 ,ref]r+ to ,cort4 #bg;a x w be se5 t ! comp\nd glyph %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #bb 7app>5tly ! same z t on ,tro4 #aa;a7 is repeat$ f\r times 9 "o l9e1 ea* connect$ ) a c>d9al po9t symbol1 & ea* /&+ imm$iately ov] & evid5tly ref]r+ to a l>ge vessel4#bji-a ,x is /at$ t x 0 a cu/om among ! ,maya dur+ c]ta9 religi\s c]emonies to place a vessel 9 _! temples at ea* ( ! f\r c>d9al po9ts4#bji-b ,z cum & xama* are ,maya words signify+ vessel1 we /ill f9d 9 ^! ! m s\nd4 ,x is !re=e possible t ! simil> glyphs on ,dres4 #bi;b & ,tro4 #ad & #ae also ref] to vessels4 ,! supposition seems to be /r5g!n$ by ! fact t connect$ ) ! =m] are figures ( ! f\r classes ( food animals--quadrup$s1 birds1 reptiles 7iguana71 & fi%es4 ,! latt] ref] to ! hunt]'s occupation1 be+ accompani$ by figures ( ! de]4 ,l&a1 9 8 descriptions ( ! v>i\s fe/ivals1 repeat$ly alludes to ! f\r ,*acs or ,bacabs :i* repres5t ! f\r c>d9al po9ts1 & to ! diff]5t classes ( food animals pres5t$ :]e vessels 7 us$4 ,x is !re=e m likely t ! symbol is us$ 9 ! places m5tion$ because ( its phonetic value r ?an z a sub/itute = ! heads ( lightn+ animals1 = :i* suppos$ sub/itution ,dr ,sel] admits he c n acc\nt4 ,dr ,sel] ref]s also to ! glyph on :i* ! long nose deity is seat$1 ,dres4 #dd;a1 %[n 9 our plate ,,lxviii1 #bc4 ,! prefix he int]prets by man1 human be+1 & supposes ! :ole glyph ref]s to ! attributes ( ! ,ra9 god4 ,z ! deity holds a fi% 9 8 h&1 & is se5 9 ! l[e/ division ( ! same plate 9 ! act ( se9+ fi%1 is x n m likely t ?is symbol %\ld be r5d]$ by cayom1 a fi%]man8 ,?is is appropriate & reta9s ! phonetic value ( ! imix symbol4 ,9 ! comp\nd glyph #bd1 plate ,,lxviii1 f ,dres4 #fg;b1 to :i* ,sel] also ref]s 9 ! same connection1 we see 9 ! figure bel[ ! same deity wad+ 9 wat] 9 :i* a fi% is swimm+4 ,! "r portion ( ! symbol is ! same z ! la/ 7plate ,,lxviii1 #bc7 & presumably has ! same signification--cayom1 a fi%]man1 or cayomal1 to fi%4 ,i am unable to int]pret ! fir/ or left-h& "*2 possibly x may be f\nd 9 "o ( ! t]ms *ucay1 or aucay1 :i* ,h5d]son gives z equival5ts ( cayomal4 ,! latt]--aucay--w\ld give to ?is prefix precisely ! phonetic value ,i h hi!rto assign$ x4 ,! next "* ,dr ,sel] ref]s to 9 ?is connection is t %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #be1 f ,dres4 #dj;c1 :]e ! long-nose god is se5 bel[ r[+ a boat on ! wat]4 ,! adjo9+ symbol 9 ! text is a fi%4 ,x is probable !re=e t sub/antially ! same int]pretation is to be giv5 "h4 ,! gr\p %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #i1 consi/+ ( an ,imix & ,kan symbol1 is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 all ! codices4 ,! relation ( ! *>act]s 9 ?is comb9ation v>ies1 ! ord] be+ frequ5tly ! rev]se ( t giv5 9 ! figure1 & aga9 "o be+ plac$ on top ( ! o!r4 ,!y frequ5tly foll[ deity symbols1 especially ! symbol ( ! s call$ ,corn god1 & 9 ^! in/ances seem to ref] to "s attribute ( ! div9ity indicat$4 ,h[ev]1 !y are by no means conf9$ to ^! relations1 be+ f\nd q frequ5tly 9 o!r connections4 ,! comb9ation is occasionally borne ^u ! back ( an individual1 z ,dres4 #af;a1 & on ,tro4 #ba;b x is on ! back ( a dog4 ,dr ,sel] concludes t x d5otes ! copal or ! (f]+ ( inc5se4 ,h[ev]1 he subsequ5tly#baj-a expresses ! view t x may signify beans & maize4 ,9 a previ\s "w#baj-b "s reasons 7 pres5t$ by me = believ+ ?is comb9ation 0 int5d$ to d5ote bread or maize bread4 ,?is belief is bas$ on ! /atem5t by ,l&a 9 8 acc\nt ( ! sacrifices at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> ,muluc1 t !y made images ( dogs1 9 bak$ e>?1 c>ry+ bread on ! back1 & ! fact t 9 plate #ba ( ! ,codex ,tro41 repres5t+ ! sacrifices ( ?is ye>1 we see ! figure ( a dog ) ?is ,kan-,imix gr\p on its back4 ,?is figure 7plate ,,lxiv1 #aj7 probably repres5ts ! images ( :i* ,l&a speaks1 & ! symbols on ! back1 bread or food 9 ! g5]al s5se4 ,fur!r notice ( ?is comb9ation w be giv5 "u ! f\r? day1 ,kan4 ,! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #bf1 f ,tro4 #bj99;d1 is errone\sly giv5 by ,sel] z an example ( ! kan-imix symbol4 ,! two glyphs on ! mat figure are unque/ionably imix symbols1 ?\gh ( ! two diff]5t types %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #a & #e4 ,he sugge/s t "h x replaces ! deity symbol1 b ?is is contradict$ by ! fact t 9 bo? gr\ps :]e x appe>s ! deity symbol is pres5t4 ,! mat-l figure1 :i* is probably a det]m9ative1 %[s t x ref]s to ! sack1 bag1 or k9d ( hamp] :i* ! wom5 figur$ bel[ be> on ! back1 fill$ ) corn1 bones1 etc4 ,z mucuc signifies portmanteau1 bag1 sack1 etc1 mucub a bag or sack made ( sackclo?1 & mucubcu* to c>ry any?+ 9 a sack or fold$ 9 a %awl1 x is m ?an probable we h 9 ^! words ! signification ( ! symbol4 ,! duplication ( ! imix symbol may be to d5ote ! plural2 or1 z ! words come f a root signify+ secret1 hidd51 cov]$1 x may be to int5sify4 ,x is noticeable also t ! latt] or "r-h& ,imix symbol is simil> to t us$ = ! m\? ,mac4 ,9 ! "r section ( ,dres4 #da;b is ! glyph %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #aa1 :i*1 accord+ to ! phonetic sy/em t appe>s to prevail 9 ?is writ+1 may be translat$ yulpolic1 f yulpol1 to smoo? or plane wood1 or1 z giv5 by ,h5d]son 7,,ms4 ,lexicon71 to smoo?1 plane1 or squ>e timb]1 to beat (f ! log4 ,?is int]pretation1 :i* is giv5 "h m]ely because ( its relation to ! symbol :i* foll[s1 is bas$ 9 "p on ! foll[+ evid5ce3 ,! left "*1 :i* has y z its *ief phonetic elem5t1 is ! same z ! upp] "* 9 ! symbol = ! mon? ,yax 7plate ,,lxiv1 #ab71 & also ! upp] "* ( ! symbol = ! mon? ,yaxk9 7plate ,,lxiv1 #ac74 ,o!r evid5ce ( its use ) ?is value w be pres5t$ f>!r on1 & also 9 ref]5ce to ! "r "* ( ! above-m5tion$ symbol 7plate ,,lxiv1 #aa71 :i* has be5 giv5 p z its *ief phonetic elem5t4 ,by ref]5ce to ! figure bel[ ! text ! appropriat5ess ( ?is r5d]+ is at once app>5t1 z "h is repres5t$ an individual 9 ! act ( *ipp+ (f ! side ( a tree4 ,?is he appe>s to be do+ by hold+ 9 8 left h& an in/rum5t resembl+ a fr[1 :i* he /rikes ) a hat*et4 ,! "* imm$iately bel[ ! "o above m5tion$ & belong+ to ! same s]ies is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ad4 ,x may be int]pret$ mama*ah1 to make flat by repeat$ /rokes4 ,! phonetic value ( ! p>ts is obta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,! upp] "* ) two w+s is ,l&a's ma1 except t ! circul> w+s conta9 ! l9es or /rokes :i* ! bi%op has omitt$1 & :i* appe> to indicate ! m s\nd & are obs]v$ 9 ! ,imix symbol4 ,colonel ,mall]y1 comp>+ ?is ) ! sign ( negation made by ! ,indians & t ( ! ,egyptians giv5 by ,*ampollion 7our plate ,,lxiv1 #ae71 concludes t x is d]iv$ f ! symmetrically ext5d$ arms ) ! h&s curv$ slightly d[nw>d4 ,?is w furni% an explanation ( ! /rokes 9 ! t]m9al circles4 ,! left ( ! two l[] *>act]s is almo/ id5tical ) ! symbol = ! mon? ,mac 7plate ,,lxiv1 #d71 omitt+ ! ca glyph4 ,! l[] "r-h& "* is simil> to ! symbol = ! mon? ,*u54 ,we ?us obta9 legitimately ! s\nds ma ma-*1 :e!r we consid] ! p>ts truly phonetic or only ikonomatic4 ,= fur!r illu/ration ( ! use ( ?is symbol & evid5ce ( phoneticism1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! article 9 ! ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/ above m5tion$4 ,! fact t a symbol is us$ to d5ote a giv5 ,maya day does n prove1 suppos+ x to be 9 any s5se phonetic1 t ! ,maya "n gives ! orig9al equival5t4 ,x may h be5 adopt$ to repres5t ! old] "n 9 ! ,tz5tal1 or borr[$ f ! ,zapotec cal5d> & reta9$ 9 ! ,maya cal5d> = ! new "n giv5 9 t tongue4 ,h[ev]1 ! symbol = ?is fir/ day1 :i* has sub/antially ! same "n 9 ! ,maya & ,tz5tal1 appe>s to repres5t ! "n 9 ^! languages & to be 9 "s degree phonetic1 m be+ ! *ief phonetic elem5t repres5t$ by x4 ,! cros%at*+ 9 ! little circle at ! top1 se5 9 "s ( ! old] =ms f\nd 9 ! inscriptions1 may indicate1 z w lat] be se51 ! x or * s\nd1 ?us giv+ precisely ! radical m-x4 ,x may be said1 9 ref]5ce to ! signification ( ! names ( ! day 9 diff]5t dialects1 t no settl$ or entirely satisfactory conclusion has be5 rea*$ 9 reg>d to ei!r4 ,! ,cak*iquel ^w imox is translat$ by ! gramm>ian ,xim5es z swordfi%1 ?us correspond+ ) ! usual int]pretation ( ! ,mexican cipactli4 ,dr ,sel] ?9ks1 h[ev]1 t ! ,maya names 7 d]iv$1 z above /at$1 f im4 ,nev]!less he concludes t ! primitive signification ( bo? ! ,maya & ,mexican symbols is ! e>?1 :o br+s =? all ?+s f h] bosom & takes all liv+ ?+s aga9 into x4 ,if we may judge f its use1 !re is no d\bt t ! ,mexican cipactli figure is a symbol ( ! e>? or und]world4 ,! usual =m ( ! day symbol 9 ! ,mexican codices is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #af1 & m elaborately 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ag4 ,z pro( t x indicates ! e>? or und]world1 !re is %[n on plate #gc ( ! ,borgian ,codex an individual1 ^: he>t has be5 torn f 8 brea/1 plung+ d[nw>d ?r\gh ! op5 jaws ( ! mon/] into ! %ades or e>? bel[4 ,on plate #gf ( ! same codex1 ! ext5d$ jaws op5 upw>d1 & into !m a numb] ( p]sons are m>*+ 9 regul> ord]4 ,^! app>5tly repres5t ! ?irte5 mon?s ( ! sacr$ ye>4 ,"o has pass$ on & disappe>$ f view1 & ! o!r twelve are foll[+ ) b[$ heads4 ,x w\ld seem f ^! to be n only symbolic ( ! e>? or hades1 b also to h "s relation to "t4 ,= positive pro( t x is sometimes us$ to d5ote ! e>?1 or t f :i* vegetation comes1 x is only necess>y to ref] to ! l[] "r-h& figure ( plate #ab1 ,borgian ,codex4 ,"h is ,tlaloc s5d+ d[n ra9 ^u ! e>?1 f :i* ! enliv5$ plants are spr++ =? & exp&+ into leaf & blossom4 ,! e>?1 on :i* !y /& & f :i* !y arise1 is repres5t$ by ! figure ( ! my?ical ,cipactli4 ,x is q probable t ! mon/] on plates #d & #e ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 :i* appe>s to be ( ! same g5us1 is a "t symbol1 & also t on plate #gd ( ! same codex4 ,x is !re=e m ?an likely t ! animal indicat$ by ! ,mexican "n ( ! day is my?ical1 repres5t$ accord+ to locality by "s kn[n animal :i* seems to indicate be/ ! my?ical conception4 ,"s figures evid5tly ref] to ! alligator1 & o!rs app>5tly to ! iguana2 t on plates #d & #e ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex is purely my?ical1 b conta9s reptilian *>act]i/ics4 ,dr ,br9ton1 probably influ5c$ to "s ext5t by ! app>5t signification ( ! ,nahuatl "n & symbol1 expla9s ! o!r names z foll[s3 ,?is leads me to id5tify x ! ,maya "n )1 ! ,maya mex or meex1 :i* is ! "n ( a fi% 7! pez arana1 un pescado que ti5e mu*os brazos71 probably s call$ f ano!r mean+ ( mex1 ! be>d4 444 ,?is id5tification br+s ?is day "n into direct relation to ! ,zapotec & ,nahuatl names4 ,9 ! =m]1 *iylla1 sometimes giv5 z pi-*illa1 is app>5tly f bi-*illa-beo1 wat] liz>d1 & ,nahuatl cipactli c]ta9ly means "s fi% or fi%-l animal--a swordfi%1 alligator1 or ! l1 ?\gh exactly :i* is n c]ta91 & probably ! ref]5ce ) !m 0 altoge!r my?ical4 ,dr ,sel]1 9 8 subsequ5t pap]1 gives ! foll[+ explanation ( ! ,zapotec "n *illa or *ijlla3 ,= ?is ,i f9d 9 ! lexicon ?ree pr9cipal mean+s3 ,"o is ! cubical bean 7wurfel bohne74 ,pi*ijlla1 frisolillos o havas con que e*an las su]tes los sortilegos beans us$ by ! sorc]]s 9 ca/+ lots or tell+ =tunes2 ano!r mean+ is ! ridge 7pi*ijlla1 le*ijlla1 *ijllatani1 loma o cordill]a de si]ra72 ano!r is ! crocodile 7cocodrillo1 lag>to gr&e de agua72 & ano!r swordfi% 7pella-pi*ijlla-tao1 espad>te pescado74 ,f9ally1 we h *illa-tao1 ! great ,*illa1 giv5 aga9 z "o ( ! names ( ! highe/ be+4 ,"h x seems to me t ! signification crocodile is ! orig9al "o1 & ?us f> suitable4 ,= ! mann] 9 :i* ! fir/ day "* is del9eat$ 9 ,mexican & ,zapotec picture writ+ our plate ,,lxiv1 #af %[s und\bt$ly ! head ( ! crocodile ) ! movable snapp+ upp] jaw1 :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( ! animal4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! app>5tly closely relat$ ^w z giv5 by ,p]ez--me*1 ixme*1 lag>tija4 ,x w n be out ( place "h to ref] to a sup]/ition p]vad+ ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific ocean1 :i* seems /rangely co9cid5t ) ! conception ( ! physical symbol ( ?is day4 ,?is is a my?ological mon/] kn[n 9 "s sections by ! "n ,tani:a1 & 9 o!rs z moko or mo'o4 ,dr ,edw>d ,trege>#bad-a speaks ( x z foll[s3 ,tani:a 7 wat] mon/]s g5]ally4 ,!y mo/ly inhabit$ lakes & /reams1 b sometimes ! sea4 ,sometimes ! bea/ 0 a l& animal1 a liz>d1 etc1 b ! true tani:a is a wat] kelpie4 ,mr ,k]ry ,ni*ols1#bad-b speak+ ( ^! mon/]s1 says3 ,) ! o!r fabul\s creations ( ,maori my?ology 7 ! tani:as or evil demons1 my/]i\s mon/]s 9 ! =m ( gigantic liz>ds1 :o 7 said to inhabit subt]ranean caves1 ! deep places ( lakes & riv]s1 & to gu>d tabu$ di/ricts4 ,!y 7 on ! al]t to upset canoes & to dev\r m54 ,inde$1 ^! fabul\s mon/]s n only ent]$ l>gely into ! religi\s sup]/itions1 b into ! poetry & prose ( ,maori tradition4 ,! ,hawaiian ,mo'o or ,moko appe>s1 f ! foll[+ /atem5t by ,judge ,=n&]1 to h be5 appli$ sometimes to ?is my?ological mon/]3 ,! ,mo'o or ,moko m5tion$ 9 tradition--reptiles & liz>ds--7 ( sev]al k9ds--! mo'o ) l>ge1 %>p1 gli/5+ tee?2 ! talk+ mo'o1 moo-olelo2 ! creep+ mo'o1 moo-kolo2 ! rov+1 w&]+ mo'o1 moo-pelo2 ! wat*ful mo'o1 moo-kaala2 ! prophesy+ mo'o1 moo-kaula2 ! deadly mo'o1 moo-make-a-kane4 ,! ,hawaiian leg5ds frequ5tly speak ( mo'o ( extraord9>y size liv+ 9 cav]ns1 amphibi\s 9 _! nature1 & be+ ! t]ror ( ! inhabitants4#bad-c ,accord+ to ! ,codex ,fu5-leal1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s ! gods made ?irte5 heav5s1 & b5ea? !m ! primeval wat]1 9 :i* !y plac$ a fi% call$ cipactli 7queses como caiman74 ,?is m>9e mon/] br\ght ! dirt & clay f :i* !y made ! e>?1 :i*1 !re=e1 is repres5t$ 9 _! pa9t+s re/+ on ! back ( a fi%4 ,a simil> conception is f\nd bo? 9 ,malay & ,h9du my?ology1 diff]+ some:at 9 details1 b always relat+ to "s mon/] reptile4 ,9 ! ,manek ,maya1 "o ( ! anci5t epics ( ,java1 ,anta ,boga1 ! deity presid+ ov] ! l[e/ region ( ! e>?1 is a dragon-l mon/] ) n9ety no/rils4 ,! same conception is f\nd also among o!r peoples4 ,9 ! ,tonga language moco is a species ( liz>d2 9 ,hawaiian mo'o or moko is ! g5]al "n = liz>ds1 & ! same ^w signifies liz>d 9 ,samoan2 moko-moko is ! ,new ,zeal& 7,maori7 "n = a small liz>d4 ,taylor#bad-d says t moko-titi 0 a liz>d god4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t a sup]/ition reg>d+ "s reptilian wat] mon/] prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! ,pacific isl&s4 ,x is true also t ! ,nahuatl cipactli c]ta9ly means "s amphibi\s or wat] animal--a swordfi%1 alligator1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 ?\gh exactly :i* is n c]ta9--or1 :at is m likely1 ! ref]5ce 0 altoge!r my?ical4 ,x is possible1 & p]haps probable1 z /at$ above1 t ! ,maya symbol ( ?is day 0 tak5 orig9ally f ! conv5tional me?od ( repres5t+ ! female brea/4 ,drs ,sel] & ,s*ellhas appe> to be ( ?is op9ion4 ,b x does n necess>ily foll[ f ?is t ! "* us$ = ! "n ( ! day has any ref]5ce to ! female brea/1 z x is m likely us$ 9 ?is relation = its phonetic value alone1 m be+ ! *ief phonetic elem5t indicat$ !reby4 ,if ! supposition h]e9 advanc$ t ! comb9ation %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #i1 d5otes bread or food be correct1 x is possible t ! symbol is also sometimes us$ to indicate maize1 ixim or xim1 on acc\nt ( its phonetic value4 ,z w be %[n f>!r on1 ! kan symbol is n only us$ to d5ote ! gra9 ( maize & maize 9 ! g5]al s5se1 b x appe>s to d5ote 9 "s cases bread or ! tortilla4 ,,! ,,second ,,day ,maya1 ik2 ,tz5tal1 igh2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 ik'2 ,zapotec1 gui1 ni1 laa1 laala or liaa2 ,nahuatl1 ehecatl4 ,! =m ( ! symbol ( ?is day pres5ts a numb] ( m9or v>iations1 ! m important ( :i* are %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ah-bf4 ,symbol #ah is ! =m giv5 by ,l&a2 #ai-bd1 ^? f\nd 9 ! codices2 #be is f ! left slab ( ! ,pal5que tablet or alt> plate1 & #bf is f ! ,tikal inscription4 ,s f> z ?is "* c satisfactorily be int]pret$1 :]e us$ o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 ! signification appe>s to be w9d1 _s1 or life1 :e!r consid]$ phonetic or n4 ,z illu/rations ( its use1 ! foll[+ examples are pres5t$3 ,at ! "r side ( ,dres4 #gb;c are ! ?ree *>act]s %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #bg1 #bh1 & #bi1 :i* foll[ "o ano!r d[nw>d1 z %[n 9 ! figure1 ! ?ree =m+ "o ( ! %ort columns ( ! s]ies to :i* !y belong4 ,f ! l[e/1 :i* is ! ik symbol1 wav+ blue l9es1 indicat+ wat]1 ext5d d[nw>d to ! bottom ( ! division4 ,if ^! glyphs are consid]$ ideographic & n phonetic1 x is /ill possible to give !m a reasonable int]pretation4 ,! fall+ wat] %[s t !y relate to ! ra9 /orm or tempe/4 ,! upp]mo/ "*1 :i* appe>s to be fall+ ov] on its side1 we may assume to be ! symbol ( a h\se or build+ ( "s k9d2#bae-a ! dott$ l9es ext5d+ f its surface may well be suppos$ to repres5t ra9 driv5 f ! ro(4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r possible int]pretation ( ?is "* :i* appe>s to be consi/5t ) ,mexican & ,c5tral ,am]ican my?ology4 ,x is t x indicates a h\se1 vessel1 or region ( ! heav5s :i* holds ! wat]s ( ! upp] _w4 ,! turn+ on ! side w\ld1 9 ?is case1 d5ote ! act ( p\r+ out ! wat] 9 ! =m ( ra94 ,?is supposition 7al?\gh ,i am incl9$ to adopt ! =m]7 appe>s to be support$ by ! fact t ?is "* is us$ 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex z "o ( ! cl\d or heav5 symbols1 z1 = example1 on plates #ff & #fh4 ,accord+ to ,ramirez1 ! ,mexican w9d & ra9 gods occupy a l>ge mansion 9 ! heav5s1 :i* is divid$ into f\r ap>tm5ts1 ) a c\rt 9 ! middle4 ,9 ?is c\rt /& f\r enorm\s vases ( wat]1 & an inf9ite numb] ( v small slaves 7! ra9 drops7 /& ready to dip out ! wat] f "o or ! o!r ( ^! vases & p\r x on ! e>? 9 %[]s4#baf-a ,z ! l[e/ "* 9 ! gr\p m5tion$ is ! ik symbol1 its appropriate r5d]+ "h is beyond "q w9d2 !re=e1 z two out ( ! ?ree *>act]s1 & ! ra9 sign bel[1 indicate ! ra9 /orm1 we may take = grant$ t ! middle "* probably ref]s to lightn+ or ?und]4 ,additional reasons = ?is int]pretation are giv5 9 a previ\s pap]#baf-b & ne$ n be repeat$ "h1 z ! only object n[ 9 view 9 ref]r+ to !m is to %[ t ! ik symbol is !re us$ to d5ote w9d4 ,9 ! ?ird & f\r? divisions ( plate #af99 ,codex ,troano1 five p]sons are repres5t$1 ea* hold+ 9 8 h& an ik symbol f :i* arises :at appe> to be ! spr\t+ leaves ( a plant1 probably maize 7plate ,,lxiv1 #cj1 #ca74 ,?is is int]pret$ by ,dr ,sel] z ! he>t j tak5 f ! sacrific$ victim1 ! leaf-%ape figures repres5t+ ! vapor ris+ f ! w>m blood & fle%4 ,x is unnecess>y to give "h 8 reasons = ?is belief1 z ! sugge/ion pres5t$ bel[1 al?\gh :olly diff]5t1 gives to ! symbol 9 ?is place sub/antially ! same mean+ t he assigns to x1 to wit1 life1 vitality4 ,x is probable t ! figure is int5d$ to repres5t ! g]m9ation ( a plant--! spr++ =? ( ! blade f ! se$--& t ! ik symbol indicates plant life1 or r ! _s :i* ! natives believe dwells 9 plants & causes !m to gr[4 ,sel]'s sugge/ion t 9 ?is connection ik may be comp>$ to kan is appropriate1 b ?is comp>ison does n t5d to ! support ( 8 !ory4 ,take1 = example1 ! spr\t+ kan symbols on ,tro4 #bi;b1 to :i* he ref]s4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! symbol repres5ts ! gra9 ( maize f :i* ! spr\t+ leaves are ris+ 7plate ,,lxiv1 #cb74 ,9 "o place a bird is pull+ x up2 at ano!r place a small quadrup$ is attack+ x2 at ano!r ! ,tlaloc is plant+ 7or p]haps replant+7 ! se$4 ,9 ! l[e/ division ( ! same plate 7,tro4 #bi7 are f\r individuals1 ?ree ( :om1 z may be se5 by /udy+ ! simil> figures 9 ! division above1 are an?ropomorphic symbols ( corn2 ! o!r an e>? or und]world deity4 ,"o ( ! =m] holds 9 8 h&s a kan symbol1 :i* is color$ to signify maize2 ! o!rs hold ik symbols4 ,!re are two int]pretations :i* may be giv5 ?is symbolic repres5tation--"o1 t ! ik glyphs are int5d$ to d5ote plant life1 t :i* causes plants to spr+ up & gr[2 ! o!r1 t !y d5ote w9d1 :i* 9 t c\ntry 0 (t5 de/ructive to gr[+ corn4 ,v di/9ct ref]5ce is made 9 ! ,relacion de la ,villa ,valladolid#bag-a to ! injuri\s effects ( w9ds on ! maize crop4 ,x is relat$ 9 ?is report1 :i* appe>s to h be5 ( an (ficial "*1 made 9 #aegi1 t-- ,f ,june till ! middle ( ,augu/ x ra9s v h>d & !re are /rong w9ds2 f ! latt] date ! ra9s are n copi\s & ! w9d bl[s /rongly f ! nor?1 :i* causes mu* mortality among ! natives1 & ,spani>ds z well1 = !y contract cat>rh & b>riga 7dropsy874 ,?is nor? w9d de/roys ! maize crops1 :i* =m ! ma9 su/5ance ( bo? natives & ,spani>ds1 = !y use no o!r bread4 ,!re c be no d\bt t mo/1 if n all1 ( ! figures on ?is plate 7,tro4 #bi7 are int5d$ to repres5t ! injuri\s & de/ructive ag5cies to :i* maize & o!r cultivat$ plants 7 subject4 ,birds & quadrup$s pull up ! spr\t+ se$ & pull d[n & dev\r ! rip5+ gra92 worms gnaw ! roots & w9ds break d[n ! /alks1 "o out ( f\r escap+ injury & giv+ full return to ! plant]4 ,! latt] is !re=e probably ! correct int]pretation1 ! only difficult feature be+ ! pres5ce ( ! ,e>? god1 :i* agrees bett] ) ! fir/ sugge/ion4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! s]ies on ,tro4 #bi;c really comm5ces ) ! "r-h& gr\p on #cj;c4 ,! figure "h holds 9 8 h& an ik symbol4 ,foll[+ ?is1 ! left gr\p on #bi;c %[s a bird peck+ ! corn2 ! next1 a small quadrup$ te>+ x d[n2 ! next1 a worm gnaw+ at ! root ( a plant2 & ! f\r?1 or "r-h& gr\p1 a corn figure hold+ a kan symbol1 indicat+ ! mature gra91 ! un9jur$ portion ( ! crop4 ,x w\ld !re=e appe> t ! ik symbol 9 ?is s]ies d5otes w9d4 ,z additional pro( t ! symbol is us$ to indicate w9d1 ref]5ce is made to ,tro4 #bd;a4 ,"h ! long-nose ,ra9 god1 or ,maya ,tlaloc1 is se5 amid/ ! /orm1 clo!d 9 black & be>+ on 8 arm a %ield on :i* are two ik symbols 7plate ,,lxiv1 #cc71 d\btless indicative ( ! fi]c5ess ( ! tempe/4 ,9 front ( him is ! ,corn god1 b5d+ b5ea? ! p\r+ ra94 ,on plate #be1 same codex1 l[] division1 ! /orm is aga9 symboliz$1 & ! ik symbol is pres5t "h also4 ,x seems f ^! facts to be q c]ta9 t ! value ( ! symbol 9 ! codices1 s f> z x c be satisfactorily det]m9$1 corresponds 9 signification ) ! ,maya "n4 ,ref]r+ aga9 to ,dr ,sel]'s !ory t ! plant-l figures on ,tro4 #ae991 #af99 indicate ! fre%ly extract$ he>t & ! vapor aris+ !refrom1 ! foll[+ additional items are not$3 ,he says t 9 ! text ! sc5e bel[1 or at lea/ ^! spr\t+-plant figures1 are express$ by hi]oglyphs #bg-bi1 plate ,,lxviii4 ,8 comp>ison ) ! s-call$ he>t figures f ! ,mexican codices c sc>cely be reg>d$ z conv9c+1 = !re is h>dly any resemblance4 ,moreov]1 he omits to furni% an explanation1 on 8 !ory1 ( ! fact t "s ( ^! ris+ vapors are cr[n$ ) blossoms or fruit 7plate ,,lxiv1 #ca74 ,i ?9k x q probable t ,dr ,sel]1 al?\gh n accept+ ! !ory ( phoneticism1 has be5 influ5c$ to "s ext5t by ! =m ( ! "r-h& "* ( ! glyph %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #bg4 ,?is is mu* l ,l&a's o1 & ol 9 ,maya d5otes he>t1 etc4 ,accord+ to ,brasseur1 oloh signifies a g]m & to g]m9ate2 hokol also has ab\t ! same mean+4 ,?is furni%es a consi/5t & appropriate explanation ( ! figures1 & gives at ! same "t ! phonetic value ( ! glyph4 ,i h n det]m9$ ! prefix satisfactorily1 b presume x is "s ^w hav+ *' or tz' z its *ief phonetic elem5t1 :i* signifies little1 plant1 or some?+ simil>4 ,i h n det]m9$ ! o!r symbols to :i* ,sel] alludes 9 ?is connection1 b "s ( !m1 z may be se5 by comp>ison ) o!r passages1 d n h special ref]5ce to ! plant-l figures4 ,:e!r ! little %>p-corn] squ>e se5 9 ! upp] "r-h& "* ( ! comp\nd symbols %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #bh & #ee1 & o!rs ( simil> =m1 are to be tak5 z ik glyphs is yet an undecid$ "q4 ,dr ,sel] appe>s to h exclud$ !m f ?is category 9 8 pap]1 s frequ5tly ref]r$ to1 ?\gh he subsequ5tly br+s !m into ?is relation4 ,b 9 ^! places he gives ! glyph ! signification fire or flame4 ,x is possible t 9 "s ( ! cases to :i* he ref]s he is correct1 z1 = example1 9 reg>d to ! figure %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #cj1 f ,dres4 #be1 :]e x is 9 ! mid/ ( ! blaze4 ,if s1 ! ^w equival5t mu/ be kak1 z x is seem+ly a v>iant ( ik1 & h5ce may be suppos$ to h ! k s\nd4 ,?is w agree ) 8 int]pretation ( plate ,,lxvi1 #bi1 by k9i*kakmo2 b 9 ?is case we mu/ give i* z ! value ( ! s-call$ b5 symbol4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n s v objectionable1 z !re are o!r places :]e ! *ief phonetic elem5t ( ! b5 glyph appe>s to be i4 ,x is also to be rememb]$ t x is mu* l ,l&a's i4 ,x is likewise true1 z w h]eaft] be %[n1 t ! value b5 does n appe> to hold good :]e x occurs 9 comb9ation ) o!r symbols4 ,h[ev]1 until a satisfactory r5d]+ ( ?is little f\r-corn] ik 787 symbol 9 "s o!r place ?an ! fire is f\nd1 ,i am h>dly prep>$ to give full acceptance to ,dr ,sel]'s supposition4 ,! ,zapotec names are some:at difficult to br+ into h>mony ) ! o!rs4 ,dr ,br9ton's solution is z foll[s3 ,9 t tongue we h uii1 air1 w9d2 *iic1 brea?2 :i* we may br+ into relation ) gui2 & we f9d guiiebee1 w9d-&-wat] cl\d 7nube con vi5t y agua74 ,dr ,sel] pref]s to d]ive gui f quii1 fire1 flame1 ! notion ( :i* is (t5 associat$ ) w9d4 ,x 0 probably ?is notion & ! fact t ! little f\r-corn] ik 787 symbol is sometimes se5 9 ! flame1 :i* caus$ ?is au?ority to believe ! symbol d5otes fire1 flame4 ,9 ! manuscript ,zapotec vocabul>y by ,e4 ,a4 ,full]1 w9d is bii4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks t ni is ! radical ( nici1 to gr[1 increase1 ga9 life4 ,he says3 ,laa1 or laala1 is a ^w ( _m mean+s1 z w>m?1 heat1 reason1 or intellig5ce4 ,! s5se common to all ^! expressions seems to be t ( life1 vitality4 ,! =m ( ! ,mexican symbol = ! day ,ehecatl 7w9d71 %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #cd1 & also ( ! m\?s ( ! female figures on plates #bf & #bh1 ,troano ,codex1 :i* are emblematic ( ! /orm1 appe> to be tak5 f ! bird bill4 ,! bird1 z is well kn[n1 is a w9d symbol ) _m peoples4 ,x has be5 s e/eem$ among sev]al tribes ( ,am]ican ,indians1 & also by peoples ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,z nii or ni signifies nose1 beak1 po9t 9 ,maya & sev]al cognate dialects1 is x n possible t 9 ?is is to be f\nd an explanation ( ! second ,zapotec "n8 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 we mu/ assume t ! t]m is borr[$1 z 9 ?is language xi or xie is ! t]m = nose4 ,i notice1 h[ev]1 t ! "n = bird is giv5 z vigu9i & pigui9i4 ,if pi 7vi7 is a prefix1 z seems probable f ! ^w = h51 guitii1 !n we h "s gr\nd = believ+ t ! fir/ ,zapotec "n has ! same fundam5tal idea z ! ,mexican symbol4 ,x !re=e w\ld seem t x is n difficult to und]/& ! orig9 ( ! ,mexican symbol4 ,exam9+ plate #aj1 ,borgian ,codex1 :i* appe>s to repres5t ! home ( ! w9ds1 we see t1 ?\gh mo/ly furni%$ ) human bodies1 !y h bird claws z well z bills4 ,b ! orig9 ( ! ,maya symbol is m difficult to acc\nt =4 ,dr ,sel] rem>ks3 ,x is difficult to det]m9e ! orig9al idea ( ?is "*4 ,figure #baj our plate ,,lxiv1 #bd & ! =ms on ! reliefs--if we h correctly int]pret$ ^!--lead u to ?9k t ! w9d cross1 or ! figure ( ! ,tau result+ f x1 0 ! orig9 ( ! "*4 ,h[ev]1 ! =ms ( ! ,cod4 ,tro4 are n easily reconcil$ ) ?is4 ,dr ,br9ton#bai-a ass]ts1 )\t he$+ ,dr ,sel]'s caution1 t x is ! sign ( ! f\r directions or f\r w9ds--! w9d cross--evid5tly allud+ to ! %>p-corn] squ>e se5 9 our plate ,,lxvi1 #bh4 ,b he seems to h ov]look$ ! fact t x is nev] ?us repres5t$ 9 ! day symbol4 ,moreov]1 no satisfactory pro( has be5 pres5t$ %[+ t ?is =m has ?is signification4 ,sel] gives x 9 "s places1 z above /at$1 ! signification fire1 flame2 & if 8 int]pretation ( plate ,,lxvi1 #bi by ,k9i*-kakmo be correct1 z ,br9ton seems to ?9k x is1 8 int]pretations are consi/5t4 ,h[ev]1 ,sel]'s ass]tion t ! =ms ( ! ,cod4 ,tro4 are n easily reconcil$ ) ?is mu/ be admitt$4 ,9 ! codices ?is glyph1 z ?is au?or rem>ks1 r br+s to m9d ! idea ( hang+1 (t5 resembl+ a bun* ( grapes4 ,i take = grant$ ! symbol1 :5 /&+ = ! day1 is n pictorial or ideographic1 b is adopt$ = its s\nd value4 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 !n x mu/ be a conv5tional repres5tation ( some?+ ! ,maya "n ( :i* is ik or t has sub/antially ?is phonetic value4 ,! =m ( ! ,mexican symbol1 z above indicat$1 %[s t 9 select+ x ref]5ce 0 _h to ! bird bill1 to :i* possibly may h be5 add$ ! idea ( bl[+ =cibly f ! m\?1 a common me?od ( indicat+ w9d4 7,see = example ! bird-m\? female1 ,tro4 #be;b1 :]e ! ,ik symbol is pres5t47 ,b x seems impossible to f9d 9 ! symbol any ref]5ce to ! bird1 bird bill1 or ! act ( bl[+1 or 9 fact any?+ indicat+1 ev5 by a conv5tionaliz$ figure1 w9d1 air1 _s1 or brea?4 ,h5ce x is reasonable to conclude t x has be5 select$ only because ( ! resemblance 9 s\nd ( ! ?+ x repres5ts to ! "n ,ik4 ,i w\ld be incl9$ to believe t ! mo/ usual =m is ! repres5tation ( a too? or two tee?1 ! "n be+ us$ = its phonetic value only1 b = ! v tr\blesome fact t ,i c f9d no "n = too? 9 ,maya to su/a9 ?is view4 ,if we c\ld suppose x to be a conv5tionaliz$ ideogram ( an insect1 we w\ld obta9 ! desir$ s\nd1 z ,p]ez expla9s ikel by bi*o1 insecto1 polilla1 gorgojo4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be confess$ t none ( ^! sugge/ions are satisfactory4 ,! foll[+ additional ref]5ces to ! bird z a symbol ( ! w9d are appropriate at ?is po9t4 ,n only is ! day ,ehecatl repres5t$ 9 ! ,mexican codices by a bird's head1 b we see a bird p]*$ ^u a tree at ea* ( ! c>d9al po9ts on plate #dd ( ! ,fej]v>y ,codex4 ,birds are also p]*$ on ?ree ( ! f\r trees repres5t+ ! c>d9al po9ts on plate #fe ( ! ,vatican ,codex4 ,9 speak+ ( ! my?s ( ! ,muyscas1 ,dr ,br9ton#bbj-a says3 ,9 ! cosmogonical my?s ( ! ,muyscas1 ?is allud+ to a c]ta9 "n 0 ! home or s\rce ( light1 & 0 a "n appli$ to ! demiurgic =ce4 ,9 t my/]i\s dwell+1 s _! acc\nt ran1 light 0 %ut up & ! _w lay 9 primeval gloom4 ,at a c]ta9 "t ! light manife/$ itself1 & ! dawn ( ! fir/ morn+ appe>$1 ! light be+ c>ri$ to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>? by great black birds1 :o blew ! air & w9ds f _! beaks4 ,! ,javanese also assign$ a bird to ea* ( ! c>d9al po9ts1 d\btless ) sub/antially ! same my?ological concept4 ,comm5t+ on a passage ( ! ,popol ,vuh1 9 :i* ! "n ,voc is m5tion$1 ! same au?or#bbj-b says3 ,! "n ,voc is t ( a species ( bird 7,cak*iquel ,vaku74 ,coto describes x z hav+ gre5 plumage1 & a v l>ge & curv$ bill1 app>5tly a k9d ( p>rot4 ,else:]e 9 ! my? 7page #gj7 x is said to be ! mess5g] ( ,hurakan1 re/+ nei!r 9 ! heav5 nor 9 ! und]world1 b 9 a mom5t fly+ to ! sky1 to ,hurakan1 :o dwells !re4 ,?is is unque/ionably ! w9d symboliz$ z a bird4 ,! "n = w9d 9 ,malay is bayu1 & ,vayu is a ,w9d god 9 ,h9du my?ology4 ,g>ud1 ! ,bird deity ( ! ,h9du ,pan!on1 :o plays su* an important rle 9 ! ,mahabh>ata1 & is s frequ5tly t]m$ !re9 ! =emo/ rang] ( ! skies1 is app>5tly ! ,/orm god1 ! equival5t ( ! ,maya ,hurukan4 ,we may rem>k incid5tally t a curi\s co9cid5ce is f\nd 9 ! fact t !re appe>s to be a relation betwe5 ! w9d & monkeys 9 ! my?ology bo? ( ! ,h9du & ( ! natives ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 or at lea/ ( ,mexico4 ,hanuman1 ! ,monkey god1 :o plays su* an important "p 9 ! ,ramayana1 0 ! son ( ,pavana1 ! *ief ,w9d deity4 ,accord+ to ,brasseur1 9 8 introductory essay to ! ,popol ,vuh1 x is /at$ 9 ! ,codex ,*imalpopoca t ! m5 71 on a day ,ehecatl1 *ang$ by ! w9d into monkeys4 ,on :at peculi> my?ological conception ?is idea is bas$ ,i am unable to /ate4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,day ,maya1 akbal2 ,tz5tal1 votan2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 akbal2 ,zapotec1 gula2 ,nahuatl calli4 ,! =m ( ! ,maya "* z giv5 by ,l&a is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ce2 ^? usually f\nd 9 ! codices are pres5t$ 9 figures #cf & #cg ( ! same plate4 ,a slight v>iation :i* sometimes occurs 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex is giv5 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ch4 ,9 figure #ci ( ?is plate circul> dots take ! place ( ! tee?4 ,9 ano!r v>iant1 %[n 9 figure #dj1 !re is a r[ ( dots imm$iately bel[ ! brok5 cross l9e4 ,! =ms %[n 9 figures #da & #db are f ! inscriptions4 ,z w be se5 by comp>+ figures #cf & #ch ) plate ,,lxv1 #fd1 ?is glyph1 9 "s ( its =ms1 resembles some:at closely ! *u5 symbol1 b is g5]ally readily di/+ui%$ f x by ! wavy l9e across ! face & ! abs5ce ( ! little divid$ oblong at ! top1 :i* is mo/ly pres5t 9 ! *u5 symbol4 ,! l[] triangle is usually %>p & ext5ds to ! top 9 ! akbal symbol1 :ile t 9 ! *u5 glyph is broad or r\nd$ & does n ext5d to ! top4 ,! signification ( ! ,maya & ,cak*iquel names1 & also ( ! ,zapotec1 is night or d>kness4 ,! ,tz5tal "n is t ( a celebrat$ h]o1 :i*1 accord+ to ,dr ,br9ton1 is d]iv$ f ! ,tz5tal ^w uotan1 he>t or brea/4 ,?is explanation is accept$ by ,sel]1 z ,bi%op ,nuez de la ,vega1 ! pr9cipal au?ority reg>d+ ?is my?ological p]sonage1 says t 9 e prov9ce he 0 held to be ! he>t ( ! village4 ,dr ,sel] also adds t 'he>t ( ! village' is 9 ,mexican call$ tepeyollotl1 & t is ! "n ( ! deity ( ! ?ird day "*1 calli 7plate ,,lxiv1 #df74 ,! ,mexican "n calli signifies h\se4 ,! me?od by :i* ,dr ,br9ton br+s ?is & ! ,tz5tal names into h>mony ) ! idea ( d>kness or night is z foll[s3 ,! h\se is t :i* is )91 is d>k1 %uts out ! light1 etc4 ,possibly ! d]ivation 0 symbolic4 ,votan 0 call$ ! he>t ( ! nation1 & at ,tlazoaloyan1 9 ,soconusco1 he con/ruct$1 by brea?+ or bl[+1 a d>k h\se1 9 :i* he conceal$ ! sacr$ objects ( 8 cult4 ,9 ?is my? we f9d an unequivocal connection ( ! idea ( d>kness & h\se4 ,dr ,sel]'s explanation is sub/antially ! same2 he diff]s some:at1 h[ev]1 f ,dr ,br9ton 9 reg>d to ! d]ivation ( ! ^w votan 7or uotan71 z he obta9s x f ! ,maya ol1 uol1 he>t1 s\l1 w1 etc1 & tan1 9 ! mid/1 also surface1 level1 ext5t1 front4 ,he concludes1 !re=e1 if uo signifies he>t1 t uotan d5otes ! inmo/ he>t or he>t ( ! expanse4 ,x is prop]1 h[ev]1 to call att5tion to ! fact t ,dr ,br9ton's d]ivation ( ! "n 9 8 ,am]ican ,h]o ,my?s is slightly diff]5t f t giv5 9 8 ,native ,cal5d>1 above m5tion$4 ,9 ! =m] he says uotan is f ! pure ,maya root ^w tan1 :i* means prim>ily '! brea/1' or t :i* is 9 ! front or 9 ! middle ( ! body2 ) ! possessive prefix x becomes utan4 ,9 ,tz5tal ?is ^w means bo? 'brea/' & 'he>t4' ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ^! explanations are app>5tly some:at /ra9$1 yet x is possible !y are sub/antially correct1 z !y appe> to receive "s support f ! figures 9 ! ,mexican codices4 ,plate #ge ( ! ,borgian ,codex1 :i* is 9 fact ! l[] "p ( ! figure on plate #gf1 h]et(ore allud$ to1 al?\gh hav+ ref]5ce to ! und]world1 appe>s to be 9 "p a del9eation ( night4 ,! l>ge black figure probably repres5ts night1 ! small] />-l figures d5ot+ />s1 & ! l>ge "o ! night sun1 or moon4 ,! h\se 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn]1 ) ! black l9+1 is ! h\se ( d>kness4 ,! w9d symbol above ! ro( indicates relation%ip ) ! w9ds4 ,dr ,sel] int]prets ^! />-l figures z sun symbols1 b ! numb] f\nd toge!r on ?is plate =bids ! supposition t !y repres5t suns4 ,moreov]1 ! association ) ! d>k figure r5d]s x probable t !y are "h us$ to d5ote />s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a lack 9 ^! explanations ( a connect+ l9k1 :i* seems necess>y to r5d] !m entirely satisfactory4 ,! "n appe>s to be intimately associat$ ) t = s]p5t2 or p]haps x w\ld be m correct to say t ?is my?ological p]sonage appe>s to be intimately connect$ 9 "s way ) ! s]p5t4 ,! title ( ! ,tz5tal manuscript conta9+ ! my? 01 accord+ to ,cabr]a1 ,pro( t ,i am a ,*an1 :i* signifies s]p5t4 ,8 *ief city 0 ,na*an1 ! h\se ( ! s]p5t2 8 treasure h\se 0 a cav]n4 ,simply designat+ him by ! he>t ( ! nation1 he>t ( ! village1 does n appe> to furni% a full explanation ( 8 attributes or *>act]i/ics4 ,z ! symbol ( ?is day is frequ5tly connect$ ) cl\d & ra9-/orm s]ies1 z 9 ,tro4 #be;a1 :]e x appe>s to be t f :i* ra9 is fall+1 its signification 9 ^! places w\ld appe> to be cl\d1 :i* c>ries ) x ! idea ( %ade1 %ad[1 & d>kness4 ,?is be+ true1 ! mo/ likely supposition 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! symbol is1 t x 0 design$ to repres5t ! cl\d break+ into drops & fall+ z ra9--9 o!r words1 ! weep+ cl\d4 ,su* appe>s beyond "q to be its signification 9 ,tro4 #be;a & 9 o!r places 9 ! same & o!r codices4 ,?is supposition is also consi/5t ) ! fact t "s ( ! symbols1 especially ^? ( ! inscriptions 7plate ,,lxiv1 #db71 h dots along ! brok5 l9e1 :i* may indicate ! ra9drops into :i* ! cl\d is break+4 ,i am !re=e n incl9$ to accept ,dr ,sel]'s supposition t x is int5d$ to repres5t ! op5+ to a cav]n1 aft] ! conv5tional me?od adopt$ by ! ,mexican arti/s4 ,x is improbable1 ?\gh n impossible1 t ! old] sy/em may h adopt$ "s features f ! y\ng]4 ,moreov]1 ?is supposition on ! "p ( ,dr ,sel] is 9 direct conflict ) 8 /atem5t 9 ! imm$iately prec$+ p>agraph4 ,he says3 ,x is to be obs]v$ z apply+ *iefly to ! manuscripts & ! reliefs1 t ! two side po9ts :i* project l tee? f ! inn] circle ( ! "* c\ld 9 no wise h signifi$ tee?4 ,su* an int]pretation is contradict$ by ! occasional *ange ( _! position plate ,,lxiv1 #dg & ! fact t !y also appe> n[ & !n exactly l eyes plate ,,lxiv1 #ci4 ,n[ ! ,mexican cav]n symbol1 z %[n 9 8 figures & z giv5 9 ,peafiel's ,nombres ,geogrficos1 appe>s to be ! op5 s]p5t m\? ) tee? & fangs4 ,x is !re=e m probable t ! symbol 0 d]iv$ z above indicat$4 ,among ! ,indian pictographs giv5 by ,colonel ,mall]y#bbc-a z repres5t+ cl\ds are ^? %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #dc & #dd4 ,an ,ojibwa cl\d symbol#bbc-b is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #de1 9 :i* ! circul> outl9e d5otes ! sky4 ,x seems q likely t ! ,maya symbol is int5d$ to convey precisely ! same idea4 ,on ! left 7bottom7 ( plate #gj1 ,borgian ,codex1 is a curv$ or ar*-l figure some:at on ! same ord] z ^? giv54 ,x appe>s to repres5t ! sky--b d>k5$ sky1 indicat+ night or obscurity4 ,on its upp] surface are n9e heads1 :i* probably signify ! ,n9e ,lords ( ! ,night4 ,bel[ x is a black figure4 ,on ea* side are two figures1 ! color ( ! f\r diff]+--"o blue1 ano!r yell[1 ano!r black1 & ! o!r r$4 ,^! are probably ! reg5ts ( ! c>d9al po9ts4 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 ! symbol is purely ideographic & n phonetic or ikonomatic2 b ?is does n =bid ! idea t :5 us$ 9 o!r comb9ations x is us$ phonetically to give ! *ief s\nd elem5t ( ! ^w indicat$ by ! ideograph4 ,dr ,sel] claims1 z corroborative ( 8 supposition1 t all symbols :i* are comb9$ ) ! "n ( ! ?ird "* are to be fully expla9$ ?r\gh ! ^w 'cav]n4' ,b x is f> m likely t ?is 7s f> z x holds good7 is due to ! fact t ! symbol is us$ because ( its phonetic value or its *ief phonetic elem5t1 ak1 :i* is ! same z ! *ief elem5t ( ! ,maya "n = cav]n--actun1 actan1 aktan 7,h5d]son1 ,,ms4 ,lexicon74 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 x may furni% a clue to ! "n ( ! deity ^: symbol is %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #dh4 ,"h ! left-h& "* is ! akbal symbol 7?\gh n complete7 surr\nd$ by a circle ( dots4 ,?is circle1 ,dr ,sel] cont5ds1 (t5 indicates flames :i* consume ! object x surr\nds1 or light :i* emanates f t object4 ,if ! :ole is b a simple ideogram1 x mu/ be tak51 z a :ole1 z indicat+ a p>ticul> my?ological p]sonage2 o!rwise x is 9 "p phonetic1 or giv5 aft] ! ,mexican rebus me?od ( d5ot+ names4 ,if n a simple ideogram1 ?is prefix is mo/ probably us$ 9 "s s5se phonetically ) ref]5ce *iefly to ! k s\nd4 ,! circle ( dots is us$ "h probably to indicate ! v[el s\nd u or o4 ,b 9 mak+ ?is sugge/ion ,i d n by any means int5d to sugge/ t ! ,maya scribes _h rea*$ t /age ( advancem5t :]e !y c\ld indicate ea* s\nd by a "*4 ,all ,i wi% to ass]t is t ,i f9d 9 num]\s cases *>act]s accompani$ by ?is circle ( dots :]e ! prop] int]pretation appe>s to be a ^w hav+ z its prom95t v[el elem5t u or o4 ,h5ce ! inf]5ce t !re is "s relation betwe5 ?is circle & ^! v[el s\nds--?is & no?+ m4 ,9 ,dres4 #af;c is ! symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #di4 ,?is1 z ,i h %[n else:]e1#bbd-a repres5ts ! kukuitz or ,quetzal figur$ bel[ ! text4 ,"h are encircl+ l9es ( dots1 & 9 ! ,maya "n ! u s\nd repeat$2 & "h also is ,l&a's ku4 ,9 ,dres4 #dg;c ! symbol = ! mon? ,mol is giv5 z %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ej4 ,"h aga9 is se5 ! circle ( dots1 & ! v[el appe>s to hold good 9 o!r places4 ,we see x 9 ,l&a's fir/ o4 ,x w also assi/ u 9 giv+ at lea/ a consi/5t int]pretation to ! /range "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ea1 :i* occurs repeat$ly on plate #ai ( ! ,tro4 ,codex4 ,9 ! pictures bel[ are individuals app>5tly1 & z int]pret$ by mo/ au?orities1 engag$ 9 gr9d+ pa9t or o!r sub/ance or 9 mak+ fire4 ,! "r half ( ! glyph1 includ+ ! circle ( dots & cros%at*+ might1 accord+ to ! value h]et(ore giv5 ^! elem5ts1 be r5d]$ by huck1 to rub1 gr9d1 p\nd1 pulv]ize2 :i* c]ta9ly agrees ) ! int]pretation usually giv5 ! pictures bel[4 ,possibly ! :ole glyph maybe int]pret$ by cecelhu*ah1 to triturate4 ,:ile ?is1 s f> z x relates to ! left portion ( ! glyph1 is a m]e sugge/ion1 x agrees ) ! fact t ! ornam5t$ or crossb>r$ bord] is f\nd 9 ! symbol = ,cib1 & ! ?ree dots ) ,l&a's e4#bbd-b ,9 ,tro4 #aa99;d is ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #eb4 ,z ! "r portion is ! upp] "p ( ! symbol = *ik91 we/ 7see plate ,,lxiv1 #ec71 its phonetic value may be a d]ivative ( ku*1 ku*nahi1 ku*ah1 to sp91 to draw out into ?reads4 ,h5d]son gives *u* z an equival5t4 ,z ! subfix 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #dh1 is ! "* ,i h usually int]pret$ by u1 ?is w\ld give u "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! "n ,kukulcan & n ,itzamna1 z ,sel] & ,s*ellhas suppose4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 ! deity repres5t$ may be ,baklum-,*aam1 ! god ador$ at ,ti-ho & usually consid]$1 ?\gh )\t app>5t ju/ification1 z ! ,maya ,priapus4 ,! some:at simil> "*1 plate ,,lxiv1 #ee1 f ,tro4 #ah99;c1 :i* ,dr ,sel] consid]s synonym\s1 is probably ess5tially di/9ct1 z x be>s a some:at /rong] resemblance to ! *u5 ?an to ! akbal symbol4 ,9 "* #ed1 plate ,,lxiv1 f ,dres4 #ag;b1 :i* d5otes ! vulture or rapaci\s bird figur$ bel[ ! text1 x probably indicates ! c s\nd1 z ! mo/ reasonable int]pretation ( ! symbol is h*om1 ! sopilote 7,p]ez71 or h*uy1 a hawk or eagle4 ,if ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ed1 is int5d$ to indicate ! bird figur$ bel[1 & is nei!r ( ^? m5tion$1 x is probably "o ! "n ( :i* beg9s ) *4 ,! symbol ( ! mon? ,zo 7,tsoz or ,zotz7 also conta9s ?is suppos$ akbal glyph1 b 9 ! v>i$ =m la/ above m5tion$1 :i*1 z we h said1 be>s a /rong resemblance to ! *u5 symbol4 ,?is1 z w be se5 by comp>+1 be>s a v close resemblance to glyph ,,lxiv1 #ed4 ,if phonetic1 we mu/ assume t ! * 7if ! int]pretation ( ! =m] be correct7 has be5 h>d5$ to z or tz4#bbe-a ,! same "* is also f\nd 9 ! symbol = ! mon? ,xul 7see plate ,,lxiv1 #ef1 f ,dres4 #di;c74 ,z ,dr ,sel] refuses to accept ! !ory t ! *>act]s are ei!r phonetic or ikonomatic1 he concludes1 9 ! foll[+ words1 t resemblance 9 ! =ms ( ! symbols indicates relation%ip 9 ! subject-matt]3 ,xul signifies ! end1 ! po9t2 xuulul1 to end2 xulah1 xulezah1 to br+ to an end2 xulub 7t )1 :i* any?+ ends71 horns1 or he :o has horns1 ! devil2 xulbil1 je/s1 tricks1 deviltry4 ,we see1 !re=e1 t ?is ^w conta9s d\btless a ref]5ce to some?+ unholy1 uncanny1 demoniac4 ,to ! ,c5tral ,am]icans ! bat 0 n m]ely a nocturnal animal4 ,! ,popol-,vuh speaks ( a ,zo'tzi-ha1 bat h\se1 "o ( ! five regions ( ! und]world4 ,!re dwells ! ,cama-zo'tz1 ! dea?-bat1 ! great bea/ t br+s dea? to all :o approa* x1 & also bites (f ! head ( ,hunapu4 ,in/ead ( hav+ to surmise ?is fanci$ relation1 ,i ?9k ! explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t simil>ity 9 ! =m ( ! glyph is indicative ( a simil>ity 9 ! s\nds ( ! words repres5t$4 ,"h ! * becomes x 7%74 ,dr ,sel] also calls att5tion 9 ?is connection to ! animal figures 9 ,dres4 #cf;a & else:]e1 :i* are repres5t$ z plung+ d[n f heav5 ) tor*es 9 _! paws1 & fire also issu+ f ! tassel-l ends ( _! tails1 :i* d\btless d5ote ! lightn+1 ! dea?-deal+ s]vant ( ! ,*ac4 ,by ! m5tion ( ?is la/ ^w--*ac--,dr ,sel] has %[n t correct reason+ by a diff]5t l9e leads to precisely ! same result z t :i* appeals to ! phonetic or ikonomatic "* ( ! symbol4 ,"h aga9 ! * s\nd appe>s z ! *ief elem5t ( ! "*4 ,! ra9 or field deities1 ! *acs1 are usually repres5t$ 9 ! codices z dog or pan!r l animals2 & *uac1 ! tempe/1 &1 accord+ to ,h5d]son1 *ac also1 signifies lightn+4 ,b ! relation ( figures & phonetic value includes also ! animal2 *acbolay1 a savage tig]1 a "y lion 7,p]ez72 *acboay1 a leop>d 7,h5d]son72 *acoh1 a leop>d2 *acekel1 a tig]1 jagu>2 *ac-ikal1 ! /orm1 ! tempe/4 ,! simil> figures 9 ,tro4 #cb;c probably symbolize ! dry burn+ season :i* p>*es & )]s ! corn4 ,! ^w is probably *oco1 *oc\1 or "s relat$ =m4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,day ,maya1 kan or kanan2 ,tz5tal1 ghanan2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 k'at 7k'ate1 k'atic1 gatu72 ,zapotec1 gua*e or gue*e2 ,nahuatl1 cuetzpall94 ,! ,maya symbol ( ?is day is subject to b few & slight v>iations4 ,! pr9cipal =ms are %[n 9 plates ,,lxiv1 #eg1 to ,,lxv1 #c4 ,t giv5 by ,l&a is pres5t$ 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #eg4 ,! =ms 9 ! codices are %[n 9 plates ,,lxiv1 #eh2 ,,lxv1 #a1 #b1 #c1 t ) ! eye 7,,lxv1 #c7 be+ ! usual =m giv5 9 ,p]esianus2 ,,lxv1 #d repres5ts x z f\nd on ! "r slab ( ! ,pal5que tablet4 ,! significations ( ! ,maya ^w kan are v>i\s1 z yell[1 rope1 hamac1 etc1 &1 accord+ to ,dr ,br9ton1 ! ,tz5tal ghanan is ! same ^w "u a slightly diff]5t =m4 ,h[ev]1 he cont5ds t ! orig9al s5se is to be f\nd 9 ! ,cak*iquel ^w k'an1 z giv5 by ,guzman 79 a manuscript "w 9 8 possession71 :o says x is ! "n appli$ to ! female iguana1 or tree liz>d4 ,?is1 x is true1 br+s ! signification into close correspond5ce ) t ( ! ,nahuatl t]m1 b x is m ?an probable t ! ,maya & ,tz5tal t]ms 7 9 use be=e ! application m5tion$ by ,guzman 0 made by ! ,cak*iquel4 ,x is noticeable1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! li/ f ,taylor's ,te-,ika-a-,maui1 pres5t$ 9 ! app5dix1 liz>ds are giv5 z symbolic ( "o ( ! ,new ,zeal& days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxv ,,copies ,,( ,,glyphs ,,f ,,! ,,codices ,?is int]pretation1 h[ev]1 savors too mu* ( an ef=t to br+ ! signification into h>mony ) ! ,mexican "n4 ,moreov]1 x is difficult to expla9 ! use ( ! ,maya symbol on ?is !ory1 z x is und\bt$ly frequ5tly employ$ to d5ote ! gra9 ( maize4 ,= example1 x repres5ts ! se$ f :i* a corn plant is spr++1 z on ,tro4 #bi;b 7see plate ,,lxiv1 #cb72 & "o figure 9 ! same division repres5ts a bird pluck+ x up1 :ile ano!r %[s "s small quadrup$ seiz+ x4 ,x is also frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 all ! codices z on a platt] or vessel plac$ z an (f]+ to "s deity1 & is (t5 giv5 a yell[i% t9t 9 ^! places4 ,t ! plant :i* arises f ! symbol 9 ^! in/ances is ! maize /alk is admitt$ by ,drs ,s*ellhas & ,sel]1 al?\gh !y d n seem to recognize ! fact t ! symbol repres5ts ! gra9 ( maize :i* gives bir? to ! /alk4 ,h[ev]1 ,dr ,sel]1 9 8 subsequ5t pap] above ref]r$ to1 concludes t x ref]s to ! se$1 dropp+ 8 =m] int]pretation4 ,bo? seem to recognize ! :ole glyph z a symbol ( ! /alk4 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ,dr ,sel] says3 ,inde$1 we see 9 ,cod4 ,m5doza ! maize %oot employ$ to express ! ^w acatl1 re$4 ,i believe t ! "* kan repeats ! ,mexican idea1 ! maize /alk4 ,?is expla9s = u ! reason :y ! "* kan1 z above po9t$ out1 always appe>s among ! sacrifices4 ,i fail to und]/& :y ?is au?ority applies ! symbol to ! /alk1 :5 x is ! fruit1 ! e>1 ! gra91 :i* furni%es food1 & may !re=e be v prop]ly us$ z ! symbol ( food4 ,9 plate ,,lxv1 #e1 is pres5t$ a copy ( "o ( ^! corn (f]+s z f\nd on ,tro4 #i99;b4 ,z ! vessel conta9+ ! (f]+ appe>s to be a vase1 pot1 or olla1 x seems improbable t ! (f]+ x conta9s %\ld consi/ ( maize /alks4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t in/ances occur1 z on plates #ba-bc1 ,troano1 :]e ! /alk rises f ! kan symbols conta9$ 9 a vessel1 b ^! are evid5tly giv5 9 a figurative s5se1 z ! vessel re/s on a s]p5t4 ,b ev5 "h !re is evid5ce t ! symbol d5otes ! gra9 or e>1 & n ! /alk1 z 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn] ( plate #ba a human figure is repres5t$ z fe$+ a bird ) ! symbol1 :i* c n be con/ru$ 9 ?is in/ance z repres5t+ ! /alk4#bbg-a ,xim5es1 :o gives ! ,cak*iquel "n z cat1 says x ref]s to a net us$ = c>ry+ maize1 b means liz>d4 ,dr ,sel]1 ref]r+ to ?is /atem5t1 says he /rongly suspects t ! ,mexican equival5t ( ?is "* has furni%$ him ) ?is int]pretation4 ,he adds fur!r t1 9 8 op9ion1 x has no connection ) ! ,maya root kan1 kaan1 'rope1' 'cord1' 'mat-cord1' & kan--,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 k'an 7gan7--'yell[4' ,he believes ! ,maya t]m is d]iv$ f kaanan1 kanan1 :i* signifies to be sup]flu\s1 ov]fl[1 to ab\nd4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks t ! ,zapotec gua*e1 translat$ by ,sel] frog or toad1 is m likely a v>iant ( gura*e or gora*e1 iguana4 ,x is app>5t f ^! widely diff]5t op9ions t ! signification ( none ( ! names1 save t ( ! ,mexican cal5d>--cuetzpall91 liz>d--has be5 satisfactorily det]m9$4 ,9 attempt+ to asc]ta9 ! signification ( ! names ( ! day1 exclusive ( ! ,mexican cal5d>1 x is be/ to exclude f consid]ation at fir/ ! signification ( ! latt]1 & all[ x to h no influ5ce 9 arriv+ at a conclusion4 ,! attempt by ,dr ,br9ton to =ce agreem5t ) ! latt] appe>s to be unsatisfactory4 ,i am incl9$ to agree ) ,dr ,sel] t ! ,maya symbol = ! day kan & ! ,mexican symbol = tecpatl1 fl9t1 are bas$ on ! same fundam5tal concept1 if ! fl9t-l symbols on plate #ab ( ! ,borgian ,codex1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #f1 are tecpatl figures2 ( ?is1 h[ev]1 !re is consid]able d\bt4 ,sel]'s op9ion is bas$ on ^? ( ?is type4 ,!re c be no d\bt t "h ?is sp9dle-%ape figure repres5ts ! %oot+ plant1 ! c5tral /ock or /em1 or1 :at is f> m likely1 ! se$ :i* gives bir? to ! plant4 ,al?\gh !y occupy ! position ( ! /ock or /em1 yet f ! =m1 ! fact t "s ( !m h ! eye1 & t f !m ! roots /ret* d[nw>d1 ,i am incl9$ to believe !y are int5d$ to d5ote ! se$4 ,! kan symbol1 z above /at$1 is also repres5t$ 9 ! codices z t :i* gives bir? to ! plant1 z t f :i* ! spr\t+ plant spr+s4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t x 0 orig9ally tak5 f ! gra9 ( maize1 :i* x fairly repres5ts4 ,n[ x is well kn[n t yell[ is "o ( ! prim>y mean+s ( kan1 & t ! ^w is closely associat$ ) fruit1 ! yell[ ref]r+ 9 a l>ge degree to ! rip5+ fruit1 especially ( ! maize plant4 ,accord+ to ,h5d]son "o signification ( kan is ripe1 z fruit1 timb]1 &1 accord+ to ,p]ez1 kankanil is sazon en que las frutas1 aunque no e/5 maduras por e/> las mas tom&o el color am>illo4 ,9 ,cak*iquel kan 7gan7 signifies yell[1 ripe1 ri*4 ,accord+ to ,otto ,/oll1 vui* 7or vua*71 :i* is almo/ id5tical ) ! ,zapotec "n ( ! day1 is ! ^w = fruit 9 sev]al ( ! ,maya dialects4 ,accord+ to ! vocabul>y ( ,cordova1 z giv5 by ,t]naux-,compans1 yell[ 9 ,zapotec is naga*e1 & 9 ,full]'s ,,ms4 ,vocabul>y x is na-gut*i1 ! na be+ a prefix signify+ ?+4 ,! anonym\s au?or1 h[ev]1 writes x bre*ii4 ,we also notice t gold 9 ?is language is ya*e1 probably ref]r+ to ! color4 ,x is likely1 !re=e1 t ! ,zapotec "n ( ?is day signifies yell[1 ripe1 mature1 ref]r+ to fruits1 especially maize4 ,:5 maize 0 introduc$ into ,new ,zeal& x 0 nam$ kanga1 probably aft] ! ,malay tangkai1 ! "n = an e> ( corn4 ,! ,meztitlan "n ( ! day is ,xilotl1 an e> ( corn1 or a "y maize %oot4 ,^! facts seem to %[ t ! symbol has "s ref]5ce to maize1 & t5d to confirm ! view express$ above1 t ! comp\nd symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #i1 d5otes maize bread4 ,! pres5ce ( ! kan "* 9 ! symbol ( ! mon? ,cumhu or ,cumku or ,humku 7plate ,,lxv1 #g7 is difficult to expla9 on ! !ory t x reta9s "h ! signification giv5 x z ! symbol ( ! day ,kan1 :e!r consid]$ ideographic or phonetic1 unless we suppose ! "n is incomplete & %\ld h kan add$ to x4 ,i am some:at dispos$ to believe t x is sometimes us$ alone to d5ote bread1 & is !n to be int]pret$ by uah4 ,take1 = example1 ! figure 9 ,tro4 #cj;d4 ,"h we see a dog seat$ on a kan symbol1 ) ! same symbol tak+ ! place ( ! eye4 ,z pek is dog 9 ,maya & pecuah ! tortilla or bread ( maize1 & ! comp\nd glyph 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #i1 is 9 ! text1 ?is may be an in/ance ( ! true rebus me?od ( repres5t+ a ^w4 ,ano!r in/ance ( a simil> "* w be giv5 "u ! day ,caban4 ,possibly ! kan glyph 9 ! mon? symbol may h !re ! signification uah4 ,! fact mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is "*1 z be=e /at$1 is (t51 & p]haps mo/ frequ5tly1 us$1 except :]e x indicates ! day1 m]ely z ! symbol ( corn or maize4 ,z an example1 take ! comp\nd "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #h1 f ,tro4 #cc;c4 ,9 ! picture "u ! text is ! ,corn god repres5t$ ) ! dead eye & b\nd ) cords2 above 8 head is a dog-l animal be>+ burn+ tor*es4 ,?is repres5tation1 tak5 9 connection ) :at is se5 9 ! o!r divisions ( ! plate1 appe>s1 z h]et(ore /at$1 to d5ote ! burn+ dr\ght ( summ]1 :i* is de/roy+ ! maize crop4 ,z ! "r portion ( ! comp\nd "* is ! cimi symbol1 probably repres5t+ dea?1 ! :ole "* v likely indicates ! dy+ corn4 ,i h n f\nd any comb9ation :]e ! r5d]+ ( ! symbol by kan proves satisfactory4 ,9 fact1 ) ! exception ( ! kan-imix comb9ation h]et(ore m5tion$1 kan is v seldom comb9$ ) o!r glyphs1 !re be+ only "s two or ?ree 9 ! ,tro4 ,cod41 & ?ree or f\r 9 ! ,cortesian ,codex4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( times 9 comb9ation 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 b z yet ,i am unable to int]pret any ( !m satisfactorily4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,day ,maya1 *ic*an2 ,tz5tal1 abagh2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 c2 ,zapotec1 ci1 ziie or guii2 ,nahuatl1 cohuatl4 ,! =ms 9 :i* ! symbol ( ?is day appe>s are v>i\s & sometimes widely div]g5t4 ,! pr9cipal ones are %[n 9 plates ,,lxv1 #i to #bj4 ,! =m giv5 by ,l&a is se5 at #i2 t mo/ common 9 ! ,codex ,tro4 at #aj4 ,o!r =ms :i* frequ5tly occur are %[n at #aa-ac2 ^? %[n at #ad-af are f ! ,troano ,codex4 ,"s unusual =ms :i* v>y widely f ! typical glyph are giv5 at #ag-bj4 ,! *ange ( a symbol to ! face =m1 z se5 9 ?is in/ance at ,,lxv1 #ae-af1 does n appe> to h any significance4 ,! *ief elem5t ( ?is "* is ! circul> spot 9 ! "r portion1 usually bord]$ by a d\ble l9e & little squ>e blocks1 ) ! int]ior g5]ally cros%at*$4 ,z ! cros%at*+ is also f\nd 9 ! symbol = ! mon? ,pax 7plate ,,lxv1 #bb71 x is probable1 if phonetic1 t ?is *>act]i/ic d5otes ! x 7%7 or * s\nd4 ,z a simil> m>k+ is frequ5tly pres5t on ! s]p5t figures 9 ! codices 7plate ,,lxv1 #bc71 x is possible t its signification is *an1 s]p5t1 or x may ref] to "s real or my?ological *>act]i/ic4 ,! signification ( ! names ( ?is day1 except t ( ! ,nahuatl cal5d>--cohuatl1 s]p5t--appe>s to be unc]ta94 ,p]ez says ! ^w *ic*an c be expla9$ only by consid]+ x to be incorrectly writt5 = *i*an1 little4 ,h5d]son 9 8 lexicon writes x *i*an1 & gives z ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 new1 "y1 z *i*an u1 ! new moon4 ,dr ,sel] fir/ sugge/$ t ! fir/ "p ( ! "n might be d]iv$ f ! root *i1 *ii1 m\?1 to bite1 & h5ce t ! signification might be ! bit+ s]p5t4 ,h[ev]1 he subsequ5tly conclud$ t ! prop] int]pretation is a sign m>k$ or tak51 f *i*1 a sign or m>k1 & *'aan1 some?+ tak5 or c>ri$ away4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks !re is mu* less difficulty 9 con/ru+ x z *i*1 /rong or great1 & *an1 ! g5]ic ,tz5tal t]m = s]p5t4 ,! g5]ic t]m = s]p5t 9 ! ,zoztzil is *am4 ,dr ,sel] does n attempt an explanation ( ! ,tz5tal t]m1 b ,dr ,br9ton says t x means 9 t dialect & 9 ,cak*iquel1 luck1 fate1 =tune4 ,?is1 he says1 is id5tical ) ! ,zapotec ci1 zii1 & guii1 &1 z he f9ds evid5ce t ! s]p5t is m5tion$ z an animal :5ce port5ts 7 d]iv$ by ! ,zapotecs1 ?9ks ?is furni%es ! connect+ l9k ) ! signification 9 o!r cal5d>s4 ,?is explanation is s circuit\s1 & 9 fact /ra9$1 z to r5d] x unsatisfactory4 ,a /udy ( ! symbol ) ref]5ce to its orig9 may p]haps furni% "s aid 9 arriv+ at ! true signification ( ! "n4 ,z w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! v>i\s =ms ( ! symbol1 ! bord]+ ( ! circul> inclos$ space appe>s to be m p]man5t ?an ! inn] m>k+s4 ,?is is app>5t f ! fact t ! little squ>es or blocks are reta9$ 9 all ! types except ! anomal\s =ms %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #af-ah1 & ev5 9 "o ( ^! 7,,lxv1 #ah7 !y appe>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m>k+s 9 ! inclos$ space are v>i$1 & 9 "s in/ances1 z ,,lxv1 #aa1 are omitt$ altoge!r4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 f ?is t ! bord]+ 0 consid]$ ! ess5tial elem5t ( ! glyph4 ,f :at1 !n1 is ! symbol tak58 ,if we turn to ,dresd5 #be;c1 we see 9 ! prie/'s robe1 9 all probability1 t f :i* ! symbol 0 d]iv$4 ,"h we h ! inn] cros%at*+ & ! little d>k blocks or squ>es ar\nd ! bord]4 ,! same patt]n is se5 also on ,tro4 #af99;b & c1 & on ! female dresses1 same codex1 #bj99;c & d4 ,on ! latt]1 9 "s cases1 is ! wav$ l9e se5 9 ! unusual =ms ( ! day symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #ag1 #ah1 & #ai4 ,o!r examples c\ld be ref]r$ to1 b att5tion is call$ only to "o m1 viz1 ! curta9-l articles exhibit$ on ,tro4 #bi99;b1 :]e we see n only ! inn] cros%at*+ & bord]+ blocks1 b on ! side bord]s ! precise m>k+ ( ! day symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #ag4 ,z *i1 *ii1 signifies n only m\?1 b also limit1 bord]1 m>g91 %ore1 & especially ! skirt or loose edge ( a g>m5t1 ! relation ( ! symbol to ! "n ( ! day is obvi\s4 ,x is us$ "h = its phonetic value--*i4 ,z *ii signifies to bite1 prick1 to /+ z a s]p5t1 & *an d5otes s]p5t1 ! true explanation ( ! "n ( ! day w\ld seem to be ! bit+ or /++ s]p5t4 ,?is w p]haps ju/ify u 9 suppos+ t :]e ! symbol is f\nd on a s]p5t x mu/ h ref]5ce to ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,i _h n obs]v$ :5 ! above 0 writt5 t ,brasseur _h express$ sub/antially ! same view 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ?is symbol4 ,,! ,,six? ,,day ,maya1 cimi2 ,tz5tal1 tox2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 camey2 ,zapotec1 lana2 ,nahuatl1 miquiztli4 ,l&a's symbol = ?is day is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #bd4 ,! usual =m 9 ! ,codex ,tro4 & ,cortesian ,codex is giv5 9 ,,lxv1 #be2 x is v>i$ frequ5tly by an ext5sion ( ! l9e f ! m\?1 some:at z 9 symbol #bh ( ! same plate1 :i* is ! usual =m 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex4 ,a v>iation ( ?is is se5 at #bi1 :i* seems to h giv5 rise to ! unusual =m %[n 9 #ca4 ,a radical v>iation is t giv5 at #bg4 ,! symbol ( ! ,dea? god1 #bf & #cj1 is sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 sub/itut$ z ! symbol ( ?is day4 ,! clos$ or dead eye & prom95t tee?1 z se5 9 ! usual =ms1 %[ v cle>ly t ! symbol is simply a conv5tional repres5tation ( ! nak$ skull4 ,! =m %[n at #bg1 h[ev]1 is m difficult to acc\nt =2 ref]5ce to x w be made f>!r on4 ,! ,maya1 ,qui*e ,cak*iquel1,,tn-#b & ,nahuatl t]ms signify dea?4 ,! ,tz5tal "n tox1 h[ev]1 pres5ts a difficulty n readily ov]come 9 ord] to br+ its signification into h>mony ) t ( ! o!rs4 ,dr ,sel] does n attempt an explanation 9 8 pap] on ! mean+ ( ! day names1 & 9 8 subsequ5t article fails to rea* any settl$ conclusion4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks x means some?+ 7z a human head7 sep>at$1 sund]$1 cut (f2 h5ce tox-oghbil1 ! ax or hat*et2 q-tox1 to split1 divide1 cut (f4 ,9 ?is1 he holds1 x agrees precisely ) ! ,zapotec lana1 :i*1 he says1 ! ,zapotec vocabul>y r5d]s a sep>at$ ?+1 l a s+le syllable1 ^w1 or lett]4 ,dr ,sel]'s int]pretation ( ! ,zapotec "n is :olly diff]5t1 z he says t ! mo/ natural ( ! v>i\s significations giv5 is1 9 8 op9ion1 h>e2 pela-pillaana1 liebre animal2 too-quixe-pillaana1 or pella-pillaana1 r$ p>a liebres4 ,i obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t 9 ,full]'s vocabul>y gu-lana is to /eal4 ,o!r significations are "n1 fle%1 secretly1 etc4 ,! prop] int]pretation ( ! ,zapotec "n !re=e appe>s to be v d\btful4 ,9 ,cordova's vocabul>y1 z giv5 by ,t]naux-,compans1 fle*e is giv5 z ! mean+ ( quii-lana4 ,9 ,tzotzil gtox signifies to split1 break (f1 break op51 to *op4 ,9 ,maya we h tok2 :i*1 z a sub/antive1 ,p]ez expla9s by p$]nal1 la sangria2 z a v]b x signifies to ble$1 let blood4 ,9 ?is dialect tox d5otes to dra91 draw (f liquor1 spill1 %$4 ,! usual =m ( ! ,mexican symbol = ?is day is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #cb4 ,x is also a nak$ skull4 ,l ,dr ,sel]1 ,i am compell$ to admit t ,i c give no satisfactory sugge/ion z to ! orig9 ( ! =m %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #bg4 ,accord+ to ,colonel ,mall]y1#bcb-a "o sign among ! ,indians = knife is to cut pa/ ! m\? ) ! rais$ "r h&1 :i*1 if figur$1 w\ld probably be> "s resemblance to ! m>ks on ?is symbol4#bcb-b ,,! ,,sev5? ,,day ,maya1 manik2 ,tz5tal1 moxic2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 queh2 ,zapotec1 *9a2 ,nahuatl1 mazatl4 ,! symbol = ?is day1 %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ca1 is )\t any *ange wor?y ( notice1 ! only diff]5ce obs]vable be+ a great] or less degree ( p]fection ) :i* x has be5 drawn by ! aborig9al arti/4 ,x is f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 v>i\s comb9ations :]e x is subject to v>iation 9 =m1 if ^! 9 tru? be int5d$ = ?is symbol4 ,z ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg has sugge/$1 ?is appe>s to h be5 tak5 f ! p>tially clos$ h&1 :]e ! po9ts ( ! f+]s are br\ght r\nd close to ! tip ( ! ?umb4 ,:e!r int5d$ to %[ ! palm or back outw>d is unc]ta91 ?\gh app>5tly ! latt]4 ,! ne>e/ approa* ,i f9d among ! ,indian signs figur$ by ,colonel ,mall]y is t d5ot+ little1 dim9utive1 small4 ,b ! position ( ! h& 9 ! symbol appe>s to indicate ! act ( grasp+2 ei!r signification gives * z ! *ief phonetic elem5t ( ! ,maya ^w *an & *i*an1 signify+ little1 & *uc1 *ucah1 to grasp1 to seize 7alcanz>1 asir1 pr5d]1 ,p]ez72 or *uuc1 to take1 grasp1 cat*1 seize1 ,h5d]son4#bcb-c ,x w\ld seem f ?is t if ! symbol is phonetic 9 any s5se1 ! *ief elem5t ( ! ^w indicat$ is *4 ,! supposition by ,drs ,s*ellhas & ,sel] t ?is symbol sometimes conta9s ! elem5ts ( ! sign ( ! f\r w9ds or w9d cross1 appe>s to be )\t any real f\ndation4 ,! p>tial cross-%ape figure 9 x is m]ely ! conv5tional me?od ( draw+ ! op5+ betwe5 ! f+]s1 & w\ld be j z correctly giv5 z an oval z an inv]t$ tau4 ,z ?is int]pretation ( ! symbol is q diff]5t f t giv5 by o!r writ]s1 "s evid5ce to ju/ify x is pres5t$ "h4 ,att5tion is call$ fir/ to ! symbol = we/1 %[n 9 plate ,,lxiv1 #ec4 ,! l[] portion is ! recogniz$ symbol = k91 day or sun1 & ! upp] portion is beyond "q ! manik "*4 ,z *ik9 is ! ,maya "n = we/1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t "h at lea/ ?is manik symbol is to be int]pret$ by *i1 & is 9 "s s5se phonetic4 ,z *9a is ! ,zapotec "n ( ! day1 & signifies de]1 & *igh is ! ,zotzil "n = de]1 x is probable t ! symbol pres]ves ! old "n1 :ile 9 ,maya ?is old "n has be5 supplant$ = "s reason1 or ?r\gh "s l+ui/ic process1 by manik4 ,dr ,sel] calls att5tion to ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #cb1 f ,dres4 #ac;c1 :i* is repeat$ 9 ! =m ,,lxviii1 #cc1 on plate #ba;b4 ,t ?is ref]s to ! de] figur$ bel[ mu/ be admitt$1 z ?is is cle>ly %[n by ! relation ( ! *>act]s 9 ! adjo9+ section to ! animals figur$ bel[ ! text4 ,h5d]son 7,,ms4 ,lexicon7 gives xolke z ! male de]4 ,if ?is c\ld be consid]$ sub/antially equival5t to *olceh 9 s\nd1 our manik symbol w\ld reta9 its value4 ,! objection to ?is supposition is t ! figure is probably int5d$ = a doe in/ead ( ! male4 ,brasseur gives *acyuc z ! "n appli$ to a small species ( de]4 ,x is true ^! int]pretations leave out ! num]al prefix2 nev]!less !y s]ve to %[ t x is probable ! true "n is a ^w :i* reta9s ! phonetic value ( ! manik symbol z we h giv5 x4 ,be ! ^w :at x may1 two conclusions maybe reli$ on3 ,fir/1 t x alludes to ! de]1 &1 second1 t "o ( its *ief phonetic elem5ts is *4 ,! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #cd1 f ,tro4 #aa99;b1 has probably ! same elem5t 9 its phonetic equival5t1 = ! ,maya v]b hax 7haxnahi71 to twi/ or turn by roll+ ! ?+ betwe5 ! palms ( ! h&2 make cord us$ = musl9 or clo?1 etc1 gives sub/antially ?is phonetic equival5t4 ,! "* %[n1 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ce1 f ,dres4 #aj;b1 is ref]r$ to by ,sel] z indicat+ an (f]+ to ! gods4 ,9 ?is he is possibly correct4 ,z ti*1 9 ,maya1 signifies an (f]+1 a sacrifice1 & ti* 7ti*ah7 to (f]1 pres5t1 etc1 x is probable t 9 ?is in/ance also ! manik symbol reta9s *1 z its *ief phonetic elem5t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am incl9$ to believe x ref]s to ! collect+ or ga!r+ ( ! rip5$ fruit4 ,9 ?is case ! prefix mu/ be und]/ood z a det]m9ative indicat+ pil+ or heap+ up1 putt+ toge!r or 9 a heap1 or /or+ away4 ,( ! ,maya words indicat+ ?is op]ation1 we note ! foll[+3 ,cic 7cicah71 hi*1 & ho*1 ea* ( :i* has * or c z its *ief consonant elem5t4 ,?is int]pretation agrees v well ) ! fact t "h1 z else:]e1 a date is to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,on su* a date1 at su* a "t1 ! cacao is to be ga!r$1 is to be h>ve/$ & /or$ away4 ,/ud5ts ( ^! codices1 9 _! attempts at int]pretation1 appe>1 z a g5]al ?+1 to ov]look ! fact t almo/ e p>agraph or gr\p ( glyphs 9 ! script is accompani$ by a date :i* mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation 9 ! int]pretation4 ,! symbol :i* foll[s imm$iately to ! "r1 %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #cf1 may be r5d]$ cacau1 ! cacao1 z ! duplicat$ comb-l "* is ,l&a's ca4 ,z ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 ,zapotec1 & ,nahuatl names all signify de]1 ! difficulty 9 br++ all into h>mony lies 9 ! ,maya & ,tz5tal names4 ,dr ,sel]'s explanation is sub/antially z foll[s3 ,t ! ^w manik is f ! root man or mal1 :i* signifies to pass quickly2 manik may !re=e mean t :i* passes by1 t :i* is fleet+4 ,dr ,br9ton gives ! same explanation1 & concludes t ! de] is ref]r$ to metaphorically4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,tz5tal "n moxic1 ,dr ,sel] sugge/s t x may be f\nd$ on ! root max1 f :i* is d]iv$ maxan1 swift4 ,dr ,br9ton objects to ?is d]ivation1 z maxan ) ! signification swift is f ma1 n1 & xan1 sl[1 t>dy1 & sugge/s t ! "n is probably a corruption ( ! ,nahuatl mazatl4 ,h[ev]1 x may be /at$ 9 favor ( ,sel]'s explanation1 t ,h5d]son gives moxan1 quickly1 %ortly1 )\t h9drance1 :i* is app>5tly ano!r =m ( maxan4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 concludes1 f a /udy ( ! relations 9 :i* ! "* is f\nd 9 ! codices1 t x is ! symbol ( (f]+1 ( sacrifice1 ! de] be+ e/eem$ ! animal mo/ appropriate = ?is purpose4 ,h5d]son says manik signifies calm1 evid5tly consid]+ x to be =m$ ( ma1 negative1 & ik1 w9d4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! au?orities are at sea 9 reg>d to ! signification ( ! ,maya & ,tz5tal names4 ,if ! symbol is us$1 z ,sel] claims1 to indicate (f]+s or sacrifices1 ?is may be readily expla9$ on ! supposition t x is us$ ikonomatically because ( ! phonetic value ,i h assign$ x2 b o!rwise x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to see any relation betwe5 ! symbol & ! "n giv5 x4 ,s f> ,i h f\nd x us$ 9 no place1 9 comb9ation1 :]e ! value manik w give a satisfactory int]pretation4 ,! foll[+ additional r5d]+s are add$ "h z t5d+ to confirm ! phonetic value assign$ ! manik "*4 ,! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #cg1 is f ,tro4 #bj99;c1 :]e x is repeat$ f\r times4 ,! figures bel[ ! text %[ wom5 9 ! act ( spr9kl+ or p\r+ wat] on *ildr54 ,:e!r ?is be consid]$ a religi\s c]emony or n1 x is probably int5d$ to d5ote purify+ or cleans+1 & n baptism 9 ! mod]n acceptation ( ! t]m4 ,z *oah1 accord+ to ,p]ez1 signifies to cleanse1 purify1 sc\r1 & *oi* to clean1 sc\r1 or wa% ! face1 we h !re9 a q appropriate int]pretation ( ! symbol4 ,! pres5ce ( ! c>d9al-po9t symbols r5d]s x probable t ! sc5e ref]s to a religi\s c]emony ( "s k9d4 ,! /rict reg>d paid to ! position relative to ! c>d9al po9ts by savage & semiciviliz$ p is too well kn[n to require any pro( "h4 ,on ,tro4 #cd99;c two individuals are engag$ 9 "s "w :i* we might suppose to be weav+ b = ! fact t !re is no cord or ?read to be se54 ,ov] ea* is ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxviii1 #ch4 ,?is is evid5tly an incomplete manik symbol4 ,z ! suppos$ aspirate sign is pres5t1 x is probable t hoo*1 to p>e (f1 to scrape1 or hoo*ci1 to p>e (f1 or scrape ! h5nequ91 w furni% an appropriate r5d]+4 ,,! ,,eigh? ,,day4 ,maya1 lamat2 ,tz5tal1 lambat2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 canel or kanel2 ,zapotec1 lapa or laba2 ,nahuatl1 to*tli4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( ! symbol ( ?is day are %[n 9 plates ,,lxv1 #cc to #cg1 & ,,lxviii1 #ci-dj4 ,t giv5 by ,l&a is se5 9 ,,lxv1 #cc2 x is also f\nd v frequ5tly 9 ! codices z ,,lxv1 #cd4 ,! ?ree o!r =ms f\nd 9 ! codices are %[n 9 ,,lxv1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg4 ,! =m on ! ,pal5que ,tablet is giv5 9 ,,lxviii1 #dj2 t ( ! ,tikal inscription is simil> to ,l&a's figure1 if we are correct 9 our det]m9ation1 ( :i* !re is "s d\bt1 z ! dots are effac$4 ,a comp>ison ( plate ,,lxv1 #cf1 ) ! symbol ( ! day ,ahau1 %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #e1 leads at once to ! impression t ! =m] 0 d]iv$ f ! latt]1 & t1 if 9 any s5se phonetic1 ! equival5ts ( ! two are closely relat$4 ,z w be %[n h]eaft]1 ! ,ahau symbol has l z its *ief phonetic elem5t1 if x be consid]$ 9 any s5se phonetic4 ,we %\ld !re=e expect to f9d1 9 ! v]bal equival5t ( ?is ,lamat symbol1 l z a prom95t elem5t4 ,9 ! =m %[n at ,,lxv1 #cc1 x w\ld seem t we see an ef=t to intimate by ! "* itself ! pres5ce ( ! b elem5t4 ,t ! symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #ch1 has b z its *ief elem5t is %[n else:]e4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t ?is ,lamat symbol _h no orig9al signification purely its own1 b t x is a composite d]iv$ f ! ,ahau1 & :at ,i h t]m$ ! b symbol4 ,)\t anticipat+ ! pro( t ! ,ahau symbol has l z its *ief phonetic elem5t1 ,i call att5tion to ! fact t x is ! upp] "* 9 ! symbol = lik91 ea/ 7plate ,,lxviii1 #ab74 ,z ! l[] "* is ! well-kn[n symbol = k91 day or sun1 we mu/ assume t ! value ( our ,ahau1 9 ?is case at lea/1 is li4 ,z ano!r sugge/ion1 ,i w\ld add t x may h be5 d]iv$ f a figure us$ 9 "s game4 ,z ! figure is usually divid$ into ap>tm5ts or cells1 mo/ ( :i* inclose a dot1 ! ,maya ^w lem1 lemah1 met]1 encaj>1 pon] d5tro1 introducir 7,p]ez71 w\ld n inappropriately express ! idea4 ,its use z a day symbol w\ld !n be simply = its phonetic value4 ,?is is bas$1 ( c\rse1 on ! d]ivation4 ,i sugge/ bel[4 ,nev]!less x mu/ be admitt$ t ^! are b m]e guesses4 ,9 8 article s frequ5tly ref]r$ to ,dr ,sel] has little to say 9 reg>d to ! signification ( ! names ( ?is day4 ,he rem>ks t ! ^w kanel is giv5 by ,xim5es--) :at au?ority ,i "k n--) ! signification 'rabbit1' ?us correspond+ to ! ,mexican "n = ?is "* 7,to*tli74 ,he says he is unable to int]pret ! words lambat & lamat4 ,9 8 subsequ5t article he int]prets ! ,zapotec ^w by to divide1 to break into pieces1 & rem>ks t ! concept ( some?+ divid$1 brok5 9 pieces1 lies at ! f\ndation ( ! del9eation ( ?is day "* is also prov$ by ! ,maya hi]oglyph = ! same see plate ,,lxv1 #cc & #cf1 9 :i* some?+ divid$ or brok5 up is und\bt$ly indicat$4 ,he adds t p]haps also ! t]ms lambat & lamat1 us$ 9 ,tz5tal-,zoztzil & 9 ,maya = ! day "*1 & :i* are h>dly expla9able f ! well-kn[n ,maya1 are d]iv$ f ! ,zapotec ^w lapa4 ,dr ,br9ton's explanation is z foll[s3 ,! ,maya lamat is evid5tly a %ort5$ =m ( ! ,tz5tal lambat1 :i* is compos$ ( lam1 to s9k into some?+ s(t 7hundirse 9 cosa bl&a1 l light loam71 & bat1 ! gra91 ! se$1 & ! "n ref]s to ! plant+ ( ! crops4 ,! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel kanel is ! "n ( ! ,gu>dian ( ! ,s[n ,se$1 probably f kan1 yell[1 ref]r+ to ! yell[ gra9s or maize4 ,! ,zapotec lapa or laba means a drop1 & a cr[n or g>l&2 "h probably ! latt]1 9 ref]5ce to ! products ( ! fields4 ,! rabbit1 9 ,nahuatl1 is ! symbol ( ease & intoxication4 ,?us1 :ile ,dr ,br9ton expla9s ! "n by s9k+ 9 ! mud or soil1 ,brasseur expla9s x by s9k+ 9 ! wat]4 ,x is mu* m likely t ! ,maya "n is b a modification ( lemba1 :i*1 z a v]b1 accord+ to ,h5d]son1 signifies to fla%1 to %9e1 etc2 & z a n\n1 accord+ to ,p]ez1 respl5dor1 brillo1 relampago4 ,i h no ,tz5tal vocabul>y at h&1 b obs]ve t 9 ! closely alli$ ,zoztzil1 relampage> is giv5 z ! equival5t ( lemlaghet4 ,x is a co9cid5ce wor?y ( a pass+ notice t 9 ,hawaiian lama & pu-lama signify a tor*2 au-lama1 to give light2 malama1 light f ! sun or moon2 9 ,samoan1 lama1 ! c&le-nut tree1 & a tor* made ( ! nuts2 9 ,tonga1 mama1 light1 a flambeau2 ,new ,zeal&1 rama1 c&le1 light2 ,tahaitan1 rama1 a tor*4 ,x is some:at s+ul> t ,dr ,br9ton1 aft] 8 int]pretation ( ! ,maya "n ( ! f\r? day h]et(ore giv51 %\ld 9 ?is in/ance d]ive kanel--! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel "n ( ?is day--f lean1 yell[1 ref]r+ to ! yell[ gra9s ( maize4 ,h[ev]1 x is q probable t ! ref]5ce to ! color 9 ?is explanation is correct4 ,! traditions ( ! ,indians 9 :i* ! rabbit is br\ght into relation ) ! sun are well kn[n4 ,dr ,br9ton has %[n 9 8 "w on ,am]ican ,h]o ,my?s t ! ,rabbit or ,great ,h>e 9 ! ,algonquian my?s symboliz$ light4 ,he rem>ks 9 ,! ,l5ape & _! ,leg5ds t-- ,! famili> ,algonk9 my? ( ! ,great ,h>e1 :i* ,i h else:]e %[n to be di/9ctively a my? ( ,light1 0 also well kn[n to ! ,delaw>es1 & !y appli$ to ?is animal1 also1 ! appellation ( ! ,gr&fa!r ( ! ,indians4 ,l ! fire1 ! h>e 0 consid]$ _! ance/or1 & 9 bo? in/ances ! ,light 0 meant1 fire be+ its symbol1 & ! ^w = h>e be+ id5tical ) t ( brightness & light4#bcf-a ,x is possible t ! ,mexicans select$ ! rabbit = ?is day z a kn[n symbol ( light1 ?us br++ x into correspond5ce ) ! signification ( ! day names ( ! o!r cal5d>s4 ,! me?od by :i* ,drs ,sel] & ,br9ton try to br+ ! ,maya & ,zapotec names into h>mony ) ! ,mexican appe>s to me to be 9 ! wrong direction4 ,x is !re=e q probable1 f :at has be5 %[n1 t ! ,maya1 ,tz5tal1 & ,qui*e-,cak*iquel names ref] to light1 flame1 or ! lightn+ fla%1 & t ! rabbit 0 select$ because ( "s my?ological relation x 0 suppos$ to be> to ! sun1 or light4#bcg-a ,z ?is "* is seldom f\nd 9 comb9ation1 or us$ o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 x is probable t ! signification is repres5t$ by "s o!r symbol1 or is n ref]r$ to 9 ! text4 ,,! ,,n9? ,,day ,maya1 muluc2 ,tz5tal1 molo or mulu2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 toh2 ,zapotec1 niza or queza2 ,nahuatl1 atl4 ,!re are b few & slight v>iations 9 ! =m ( ! symbol ( ?is day4 ,t giv5 by ,l&a is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #ci4 ,! usual =ms 9 ! codices are se5 at #dj-db ( ! same plate4 ,symbol #dc1 :i* is an important v>iation1 is f ! ,cortesian ,codex4 ,! addition ( ! little circle & loop 9 example ,,lxv1 #dc1 f ! ,cortesian ,codex1 is important1 z x possibly indicates t ! simple =ms giv5 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dj-db1 are incomplete1 & may be a slight indication ( phoneticism4 ,if ! latt] supposition be correct1 x is probable t 9 ?is additional feature we f9d ! elem5t 'c ( ! ^w4 ,x is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! manik symbol1 :i*1 z h]et(ore %[n1 has1 9 "s in/ances at lea/1 * z "o ( its phonetic elem5ts1 :e!r consid]$ truly phonetic or n4 ,?is clue1 if foll[$ up1 appe>s to furni% an explanation ( "s o!r *>act]s 9 :i* ! little circle & loops are f\nd4 ,= example1 ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dd 7,dres4 #b 7#de7;b & c71 app>5tly ref]s to ! act ( sew+ or /it*+ indicat$ by ! pictures bel[ ! text4 ,z ! circle & loops =m an important "p ( ! "*1 x is probable t c or * is ! *ief or prom95t elem5t ( ! ^w4 ,x is possible !re=e1 t *uyah1 to sew1 or "s d]ivative !re(1 w\ld be a prop] r5d]+4 ,! glyph %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #de1 f4 ,tro4 #aa99;c is a duplication ( ,,lxv1 #dd4 ,z ! app5dix1 z %[n else:]e1 probably has ah1 ha1 or hal z its phonetic equival5t1 we h1 z ! elem5ts ( ! ^w repres5t$ by ! :ole glyph 7omitt+ ! prefix71 *'-*'ah4 ,z *o* 7*o*ah71 ,p]ez1 & *oo* 7*oo*ah71 ,h5d]son1 signify to loos51 untie1 disunite1 deta*1 ?is may be ! true int]pretation ( ! symbol4 ,! pres5ce ( ! eye 9 a symbol appe>s1 z a rule1 to h no special significance1 z is %[n by its pres5ce sometimes 9 ! symbols = ! days *ic*an & oc4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ,dr ,sel] introduces into 8 manik s]ies ! "* above %[n z hav+ "s relation to & be+ possibly a v>iation ( t symbol4 ,be=e attempt+ to trace ! symbol ( ! day 9 its comb9ations ) o!r *>act]s1 ) a view ( asc]ta9+ its orig9al signification1 ref]5ce w be made to ! signification ( ! day names 9 ! diff]5t cal5d>s4 ,! signification ( ! ,nahuatl ^w atl is wat]2 ! ,zapotec names are also words = wat]4 ,tohil 0 ! "n ( ! pr9cipal ,qui*e deity1 & appe>s to h be5 ! god ( ?und] & ra91 &1 z ,sel] presumes1 0 ! repres5tative 9 ^! nations ( ! ,maya ,*ac & ,mexican ,tlaloc4 ,accord+ to ,brasseur1 toh signifies a heavy or sudd5 %[] or ?und] %[]4 ,drs ,sel] & ,br9ton bo? d]ive ! ,maya & ,tz5tal names f ! radical mul or mol1 to jo9 toge!r1 collect1 heap up1 & suppose x ref]s to ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ! wat]s 7t is1 ! cl\ds7 9 ! heav5s4 ,?is br+s ! signification ( ^! two names into h>mony ) t ( ! names ( ! o!r cal5d>s1 & is probably a correct int]pretation4 ,!re are b few places :]e ! symbol ( ?is day is f\nd 9 connection ) o!r *>act]s t ,i h be5 able to int]pret entirely satisfactorily4 ,! comp\nd "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #df1 is f ,dres4 #af;c4 ,judg+ by ! evid5t p>allelism ( ! gr\ps 9 ?is division1 ?is "* is ! symbol ( ! bird figur$ bel[ ! text4 ,9 ?is picture is easily recogniz$ ! head ( ! p>rot4 ,z moo is ! ,maya "n ( a species ( p>rot 7! macaw71 & ! circul> "* ( ! glyph is l ! symbol = muluc1 except t ! circumscrib+ l9e is ( dots1 we may safely accept ?is t]m z ! phonetic value4 ,! fact t ! small "* is d\ble1 z is ! o 9 ! ^w1 is ano!r indication t ! r5d]+ is correct1 & probably acc\nts = ! circle be+ ( dots4 7,see above "u akbal47 ,?is int]pretation appe>s to be fur!r support$ by ! =m ( ! symbol = ! mon? ,mol z f\nd at ,dres4 #dg;c4 7,see plate ,,lxiv1 #ej47 ,! h9t furni%$ by ^! *>act]s may enable u to ga9 a correct idea ( ! signification ( ! dott$ l9e :i* surr\nds "o ( ! *>act]s 9 ea* gr\p ( ,dres4 #g;c1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dg4 ,z ! inclos+ l9e ( dots appe>s 9 "s cases 7b n all1 = 9 "s in/ances o or u appe>s to =m ! *ief phonetic elem5t7 to indicate mo or mu1 x is possible t ?is glyph may be prop]ly int]pret$ by muhul1 a gift1 d[]1 pres5t1 or to pres5t a gift or d[]1 to (f] a pres5t4 ,h5ce ! :ole "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dg1 may be int]pret$ to make a gift ( cacao4#bch-a ,! usual =m ( ! ,mexican symbol ( ?is day is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dh1 ! leaf-l portion be+ blue 9 ! orig9al to indicate wat]4 ,9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! "*1 ,sel] rem>ks3 ,if ! ,maya "* agrees ) ! ,mexican 7atl71 we mu/ look ^u x z a wat] vessel4 ,yet aft] a numb] ( illu/rations & ref]5ces he decl>es3 ,i by no means affirm t ! vessel is express$ by ! =m ( ?is "*4 ,! =m seems to me to express r ! wat] drop4 ,x is m likely t x repres5ts a little circul> hillock1 se5 f above1 or some?+ ( t nature surr\nd$ by a r+1 z ! significations giv5 ! ,maya ^w mul are hillock1 heap1 m\nd1 m\nta91 ants' ne/1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 if ,h5d]son is correct 9 giv+ z "o ( its special mean+s out ( _m "o1 its orig9 may readily be se54 ,t x 0 tak5 f "s object :i* c\ld be designat$ by ! ^w mul or mol may confid5tly be assum$4 ,h5ce ! symbol is us$ = its phonetic value z a day "* & n ) any ref]5ce to ! object repres5t$4 ,! little circle & loops se5 9 plate ,,lxv1 #dc1 f ! ,cortesian ,codex #cj;b1 are probably1 z h]et(ore /at$1 introduc$ to give ! c s\nd4 ,dr ,br9ton sugge/s t x repres5ts "o ?+ 9 ano!r ( ! same k9d1 ) a ref]5ce to collect+ toge!r or heap+ up4 ,,! ,,t5? ,,day ,maya1 oc2 ,tz5tal1 elab2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 tzi2 ,zapotec1 tella2 ,nahuatl1 itzcu9tli4 ,! symbol ( ?is day z giv5 by ,l&a is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #di4 ,?is is sub/antially ! usual =m f\nd 9 ! codices z giv5 9 ,,lxv1 #ej1 #ea1 #ee1 ! fir/ two be+ usual 9 ! ,troano1 ,cortesian1 & ,p]esian codices1 & #ee 9 ! ,dresd54 ,9 a few in/ances1 z ,tro4 #ab;a & #ab;c1 x assumes ! face =m #eb4 ,! face =m %[n at #ed occurs 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 z d ! v>iations se5 at #ec & #ef4 ,dr ,sel] & ,brasseur cont5d t ! =ms %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #eb & #ed1 make x evid5t t ! brok5 l9e1 :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! glyph1 is int5d$ to repres5t1 or r is d]iv$ f1 ! e> ( ! dog4 ,?is1 ,sel] says1 is frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ! ,mexican codices1 & also _m times 9 ! ,maya manuscripts1 ) ! tip ( ! e> torn away4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 he pres5ts sev]al figures ( dog's heads1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 our plate ,,lxv1 #eg4bci-a ,!re w\ld seem to be "s f\ndation = ?is supposition1 yet !re are difficulties 9 ! way ( its acceptance :i* appe> unsurm\ntable4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is t x furni%es no explanation or clue to ! relation betwe5 ! symbol & ! ,maya or ,tz5tal "n4 ,second1 x does n appe> to h be5 us$ 9 any in/ance z ! symbol ( ! dog1 :i* seems to be a fatal objection1 if x is assum$ to be m]ely ideographic4 ,?ird1 x r5d]s only m difficult any explanation ( ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #eh1 :i* is ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce 9 all ! codices4 ,if a satisfactory int]pretation ( ?is glyph c\ld be f\nd1 x w\ld assi/ greatly 9 deciph]+ ! codices4 ,i am r incl9$ to ?9k x is a sign ( repetition--z repeat ?rice4 ,if !re 7 "s ^w = e> :i* c\ld be connect$ ) oc or elab1 !n we might suppose ! symbol to be us$ phonetically4 ,h[ev]1 z ?is c n be f\nd1 "s o!r explanation mu/ be s\ght4 ,! ,nahuatl & ,qui*e-,cak*iquel names are ! ord9>y t]ms 9 ^! languages = dog1 & ! ,mexican symbol = ! day is ! head ( a dog4 ,dr ,sel] does n attempt to expla9 ! ,tz5tal "n1 & m]ely sugge/s t ! ,maya ^w oc1 foot1 footpr9t1 track1 & z a v]b1 to ent]1 to g into1 may h be5 adopt$ by ! prie/s z express+ a prom95t *>act]i/ic ( ! dog4 ,dr ,br9ton is incl9$ to d]ive ! "n oc f ! v]b ocol1 oclah1 to /eal1 to rob1 r ?an f ocol1 to ent]1 suppos+ x to h be5 select$ z indicative ( ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! dog4 ,?is he believes also to be ! signification ( ! ,tz5tal t]m elab4 ,?is x seems to me is aga9 rev]s+ ! ord]1 unless we assume t ! ,qui*e tzi & ,mexican itzcu9tli are ! old] t]ms4#bdj-a ,dr ,br9ton says t accord+ to ,b>tolom de ,pisa ! ,zapotec "n signifies dog1 ?\gh he does n f9d x ) ?is mean+ 9 ! vocabul>ies4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 obta9s ! signification dog = ?is "n by suppos+ t x is d]iv$ f tee-lao1 m\? d[nw>d1 ref]r+ to "s my? ( a dog repres5t+ ! lightn+1 or lightn+ demon1 z fall+ or plung+ d[nw>d f ! sky 9 c]ta9 figures ( ! codices4 ,?is1 ,dr ,br9ton says1 seems /ra9$1 :i* may also be said ( ! explanations ( ! ,maya "n4 ,! symbol ( ! dog z f\nd 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex 7#ac;c71 & z admitt$ by ,dr ,sel]1 is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #ei4 ,! same symbol is f\nd 9 ! same codex1 #ba;b4 ,n[1 ,i ?9k x possible to %[1 ) a consid]able degree ( c]ta9ty1 :at is ! *ief phonetic elem5t ( ?is symbol1 at lea/ ( its fir/ or left-h& "*4 ,9 plate ,,lxv1 #fj1 f ,tro4 #bb99;a1 is se5 7omitt+ ! prefix7 sub/antially ! symbol t ,l&a int]prets le1 ! lasso1 & also to lasso4 ,z ! l[] "* is 8 e1 we may take = grant$ t ! upp] portion indicates ! l s\nd2 fur!r evid5ce ( ?is1 h[ev]1 w be pres5t$ "u ! tw5tie? day4 ,z ?is is foll[$ by ! symbol se5 9 plate ,,lxv1 #fa1 :i* ref]s to ! turkey 7kutz or cuitz71#bdj-b & ! figure bel[ ! text %[s a sn>$ turkey1 ! int]pretation appe>s to be appropriate4 ,turn+ n[ to ,dres4 #dd 7l7c1 we notice 9 ! picture bel[ ! text ! comp\nd glyph %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #fb4 ,imm$iately bel[ x is ! figure ( a fi%1 :i* ! two individuals repres5t$ are try+ to cat* 9 a se9e4 ,z ?is conta9s ! same elem5ts z #fa 7plate ,,lxv71 rev]s$1 ! phonetic value %\ld be tz'c4 ,ref]r+ to ,p]ez' ,lexicon1 we f9d t tzac is a fi% s nam$2 ,brasseur says1 a little fi% resembl+ a s>d9e :i* inhabits ! s5otes4 ,n[ ^! give tz' z ! *ief phonetic elem5t ( ! left "* ( ! dog symbol 7,,lxv1 #ei71 :i* is also ! consonant elem5t ( ! "n = dog 7tzi7 9 ! ,tz5tal1 ,cak*iquel1 & mo/ ( ! ,maya dialects1 ?\gh n ( ! ,maya prop]4 ,?is furni%es a consi/5t & appropriate r5d]+ ( ! left portion ( ! symbol4 ,al?\gh ! symbol = ! m\? ,kank9 7,,lxv1 #fc7 pres5ts a difficulty1 x is possible "s o!r "n 0 appli$ to ?is mon? ( :i* tz 0 a lead+ elem5t2 ,yaxk9 is sometimes writt5 ) ! prefix ,dze4 ,z o* is ! ,maya "n = ! male fox1 & oquil or ocquil is ! "n 9 ,tz5tal & ,tzotzil = wolf1 x is possible ! ,maya "n may h be5 d]iv$ f "o ( ^!4 ,moreov]1 x is wor?y ( notice t foot 9 ,tzotzil is writt5 oquil z well z oc4 ,i 0 at fir/ incl9$ to adopt ,dr ,sel]'s sugge/ion t ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! symbol might h be5 tak5 f ! dog's e>s z giv5 9 ! codices4 ,h[ev]1 a m ?or\gh exam9ation leads me to d\bt ?is sugge/ion4 ,! little black clots or blocks on ! b5t l9e appe> "h1 z 9 ! *ic*an symbol1 to be ! mo/ prom95t & ess5tial elem5ts ( ! symbol4 ,z !y d n appe> 9 ! e> figures1 x seems impossible t ! "* %\ld h be5 d]iv$ f ^! figures4 ,x is m likely t !y repres5t ! knots on a /r+ or cord2 & ?is supposition appe>s to be su/a9$ by ! fact t ! ,maya ^w hok1 accord+ to ,brasseur1 signifies a knot1 hook2 & hokal to be knott$1 =m$ ( knots4 ,p]ez says hok1 el lazo =mado p>a anud>2 hokol1 laz>se p>a anud>se la cu]da4 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 ! symbol is us$ = ! day because ( its phonetic value1 & )\t any ref]5ce to its orig9al signification4 ,,! ,,elev5? ,,day ,maya1 *u52 ,tz5tal1 batz2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 batz2 ,zapotec1 loo2 ,nahuatl1 ozomatli4 ,! symbol ( ?is day is subject to few & slight v>iations4 ,! =m giv5 by ,l&a1 :i* is also q common 9 mo/ ( ! codices1 especially ,tro4 & ,cort41 is %[n 9 plate ,,lxv1 #fd4 ,slight v>iants are %[n 9 ,,lxv1 #fe1 #ff1 & #fg4 ,an exceptional & peculi> =m f ,dres4 #cb;b is se5 9 ,,lxv1 #fh4 ,a =m f ! ,p]ez codex 9 :i* an eye is introduc$ is giv5 at ,,lxv1 #fi4 ,! "* on ! ,pal5que ,tablet & "s o!r inscriptions1 :i* is suppos$ to be ! symbol ( ?is day1 is %[n at ,,lxv1 #gj1 b ! pro( t x is1 9 ^! cases1 ! day symbol is n s conclusive z t 9 reg>d to o!r day symbols1 z no me?od ( br++ x into relation ) ! o!r "t symbols ( ! inscriptions has be5 f\nd4 ,a closely correspond+ =m is se5 9 ! symbol = ! m\? ,tzec z f\nd 9 ! ,dres4 ,codex 7see plate ,,lxv1 #ga74 ,if ! glyphs are 9 any s5se phonetic1 x is probable t 9 ! comb-l app5dage to ?is symbol 7,l&a's ca7 we h ! 'c 7'k7 s\nd1 & t ! v>iation 9 ! ma9 "* f ! usual *u5 glyph 79 hav+ ! b\nd+ l9e op5 & turn$ "r & left at ! top7 is indicative ( ! v>iation 9 ! phonetic value4 ,! explanation ( ! symbol1 :i* replaces ! eye 9 ! dog or pan!r l figure 9 ,tro4 #cb;c & #cc;c1 & is allud$ to by ,dr ,sel] 9 ?is connection 7,,lxvi1 #a71 has already be5 giv5 "u ! discussion ( ! ,?ird ,day4 ,!re1 z ,i h %[n1 x probably indicates ! ,maya ^w *oco1 heat1 w>m?1 allud+ to ! hot1 dry season :i* p>*es & %rivels up ! gr[+ corn4 ,?is explanation reta9s ! phonetic value ( ! symbol1 & x appe>s also to be entirely consi/5t ) ! figures f\nd 9 connection ) x4 ,!re is ano!r symbol closely alli$ 9 =m 7plate ,,lxvi1 #b7 :i* is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! codices1 usually1 &1 9 fact1 almo/ exclusively1 9 ! picture spaces1 & app>5tly be>+ "s relation to ! (f]+s4 ,x is (t5 9 gr\ps1 & is _m times repeat$ 9 gr\ps on ! s-call$ title pages ( ! ,tro4 & ,cort4 manuscripts4 ,x1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly occurs 9 ! =m se5 9 ! dog's eye 7,,lxvi1 #a71 gr\p$ z ! o!r 7,dres41 #be;a1 etc7 & und\bt$ly us$ z an equival5t1 z we f9d num]als atta*$ z ) ! o!r =m4 ,! only di/9ction1 z w be obs]v$1 is ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! little divid$ squ>e at ! top4 ,z t ) ! divid$ squ>e is m detail$1 x is probably ! correct =m1 &1 if s1 c n be di/+ui%$ f ! ,*u5 symbol4 ,on ,dres4 #bi;b1 #cj;b1 & #ca;b ! symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #c1 is f\nd 9 ea* gr\p ( *>act]s4 ,?is be>s a close resemblance to ! symbol = ! mon? ,tzec1 b v>ies 9 "s important respects1 z w be se5 by comp>ison4 ,! app5dix1 z ,i am incl9$ to believe1 gives ! ah1 ha1 or hal s\nd1 & %[s t x is a v]b or ^w indicat+ action4 ,z we f9d 9 ea* gr\p ! figure or symbol ( a food animal1 ! :ole s]ies may be suppos$ to relate to fea/s1 or eat+1 or ! collection ( food4 ,?is sugge/ion is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ! kan or maize symbol is plac$ 9 connection ) ! animal figures4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t ?is "* may be correctly r5d]$ by tziclim 7tziclimtah71 to di/ribute1 %>e1 divide among _m4 ,z x is foll[$ 9 ea* case by a c>d9al-po9t symbol1 & ! symbol ( ! d\ble tongu$ or too!d deity1 probably ,itzamna1 is f\nd 9 ea* gr\p1 x is probable t ! text relates to religi\s fe/ivals4 ,?is int]pretation1 h[ev]1 is a m]e sugge/ion or guess1 :i* z yet ,i am unable to =tify by any o!r evid5ce ?an ! resemblance ( ! ma9 "* to ! ,tzec symbol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxvi ,,copies ,,( ,,glyphs ,,f ,,! ,,codices ,! ,nahuatl1 ,tz5tal1 & ,qui*e-,cak*iquel names ( ?is day are ! ord9>y t]ms 9 ^! languages = monkey4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks ! ,maya "n1 :i* does n appe> to h any signification 9 ?is language z a sep>ate ^w 7?\gh *u5*e is aborao1 tuble1 a c]ta9 tree71 is d]iv$ f a ,tz5tal t]m1 *iu1 :i* is appli$ to a p>ticul> species ( monkey4 ,he & ,dr ,sel] ref] to ! *\5 9 a leg5d ( ! ,popol ,vuh1 :i* und\bt$ly /&s 9 close relation to batz or monkey1 !re spok5 ( z hunbatz4 ,z ^! words 9 ! ,qui*e my? appe> unque/ionably to ref] to a species ( ! monkey tribe1 or my?ical p]sons "u ! symbolism ( monkeys1 ! conclusion !y rea* is probably correct1 & ju/ifies ! belief t ! ,maya "n %\ld be int]pret$ monkey4 ,! orig9 ( ! symbol is unc]ta91 & ,dr ,sel] makes no attempt to expla9 x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! simple =m ) ! ?ree tee? only 7plate ,,lxvi1 #b7 & ! typical ,*u5 symbol indicates a diff]5ce 9 ! ^w equival5ts1 or 9 ! signification if ideographic4 ,x is possible t ,brasseur is "r 9 r5d]+ ! =m] by co1 :i* signifies too?2 9 :i* case we may be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ! additions 9 ! ,*u5 symbol give ! additional phonetic elem5ts 9 ! ^w4 ,x may be1 z suppos$ by "s au?ors1 t x 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! front view ( an op5 m\? ( "s animal1 z *i is ! ,maya ^w = m\?4 ,,! ,,twelf? ,,day ,maya1 eb2 ,tz5tal1 euob2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 e or ee2 ,zapotec1 pija2 ,nahuatl1 mall9alli or itlan4 ,!re are comp>atively few v>iations 9 ! symbol ( ?is day2 "s1 h[ev]1 are ( suffici5t importance to r5d] recognition d\btful b = _! pres5ce 9 ! day s]ies4 ,t giv5 by ,l&a is se5 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #d2 ! =m mo/ usual 9 ! ,tro4 & ,cort4 codices is t %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #e2 ! v>iations se5 9 ,,lxvi1 #f1 #g1 #h1 are f ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 & t 9 ,,lxvi1 #i1 is f ! ,p]esianus4 ,?is "* occurs v seldom1 if ev]1 except z a day symbol1 h5ce x is presum$ to be purely ideographic or pictorial4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a deity symbol f\nd 9 ! ,tro4 ,codex 7plate ,,lxvi1 #aj7 9 :i* we see app>5tly ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! eb symbol4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( a dot-bord]$ too?1 !re is a dot-bord]$ d>k /ripe :i* runs d[nw>d entirely across ! face4 ,?is is accompani$ usually by ! num]al prefix #aa4 ,! symbol ( ! same deity z f\nd 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex is %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #aa4 ,"h ! /ripe is r$uc$ to a s+le brok5 l9e4 ,dr ,s*ellhas cont5ds t he is a ,dea? god & ! equival5t ( ! ,mexican ,xipe4 ,t he is a god ( ! und]world 9 ! ,tro4 ,codex is app>5t f 8 ornam5ts & ! dott$ l9es on 8 body or limbs2 yet 9 two in/ances--plates #e;a & b--he is repres5t$ z a travel+ m]*ant4 ,:e!r ! deity 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex is ! same z t ( ! ,tro4 ,codex is n positively c]ta91 b ! pres5ce ( ! num]al #aa ) ! symbol1 & 9 "s in/ances ! dott$ l9es on ! body ( ! deity1 indicate t ! two are id5tical4 ,:e!r ?is deity glyph be>s any relation to ! day symbol is1 h[ev]1 d\btful4 ,! only names ( ,maya deities ,i f9d ) buluc 7elev57 z a prefix are ,ahbuluc-,balam & ,buluc-,ahau 7874 ,! fir/1 :i* signifies ,he ( ! ,elev5 ,tig]s1 0 "o ( ! idols made at ! fe/ival ( ! new ye> ,cauac4 ,on "o ( ! f\r plates ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex repres5t+ ! fe/ivals ( ! new ye> 7#bf;a7 we obs]ve t ! image c>ri$ by ! *ac is a tig]-l animal m>k$ ) dott$ l9es4 ,:e!r ?is is to be connect$ ) ! deity above m5tion$ is d\btful4 ,! o!r "n1 ,buluc-,ahau1 m5tion$ by ,l&a1 is ! "n ( "o ( ! signs ( ! ,katun giv5 9 8 figure ( ! cycle1 &1 al?\gh he uses ! ^w idol1 does n appe> to ref] to any p>ticul> deity4 ,9 reg>d to ! names ( ! fir/ ?ree cal5d>s1 ,dr ,sel] rem>ks z foll[s3 ,e1 ye signifies ! edge1 %>pness1 ! not*2 eb1 ebil1 ebal1 yebal1 a r[ ( not*es1 flight ( /eps1 /airs4 ,9 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel e signifies ! too?1 ! edge2 ee is ! plural =m 9 ,cak*iquel ( ! ^w1 z eeb ( ! ,qui*e2 euob is also a plural =m 9 ! ,tz5tal1 z ,i ?9k1 f a s+ul> eu-ee4 ,! "n mu/ d5ote ! same ?+ 9 all ! languages1 i4 e41 a r[ ( tee?1 flight ( /eps--a signification :i* h>monizes excell5tly ) _m ,mexican =ms ( ! "* plate ,,lxvi1 #ab z well z ) ! ,meztitlan "n ( x 7itlan1 8 too?74 ,dr ,br9ton says t 9 ,maya eb is ! plural ( e1 :i* means 'po9ts' or 'ends1' l ^? ( p9s or ?orns1 & pla9ly 0 int5d$ to designate ! broom by ref]5ce to its num]\s po9ts4 ,f ! same idea1 r[s ( tee? receiv$ ! same "n4 ,! ,tz5tal & ,qui*e names e & euob--! latt] a plural--7 f ! same radical & _h ! same signification4 ,he says ! ,nahuatl & ,zapotec names bo? signify ! bru% or broom ( twi/$ twigs1 or /iff grass us$ = clean+ & du/+1 & also ?is grass itself4 ,?us he br+s ! names ( ! five cal5d>s into h>mony4 ,?is explanation corresponds ) t giv5 by ,clavig]o ( ! ,mexican t]m1 :i* he says is ! "n ( a c]ta9 plant ( :i* brooms 7 made4 ,i am incl9$ to believe ! symbol 9 ?is in/ance is a m]e pictograph int5d$ to repres5t ! tip ( "s lanceolate leaf1 ! dots d5ot+ ! hairs along ! edge4 ,! tips ( ! re$ grass1 z %[n 9 ! symbolic repres5tation ( ,zacatla 7,nombres ,geogrficos by ,peafiel2 plate ,,lxvi1 #ac71 w\ld give precisely ! dot-bord]$ too? 9 ! symbol4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,mexican symbol = ?is day1 ! usual =m ( :i* is %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #ad1 is ess5tially diff]5t & has jo9$ ) ! gre5 blades ! skeleton und]jaw4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z at ,mal9altepec 7,nombres ,geogrficos71 ! entire skull is add$4 ,a m elaborate =m ( ! symbol1 f ! ,borgian ,codex plate #bf1 is giv5 9 ,,lxvi1 #ae4 ,"h ! skeleton jaw is replac$ by ! roots ( ! plant2 obs]ve1 h[ev]1 ! bru%-l projections above4 ,are we to see 9 ?is associat$ dea?'s-head a ref]5ce to dea?1 or r to ! e>?1 a symbolism und\bt$ly f\nd 9 ! ,tro4 ,codex8 ,or mu/ we suppose t beh9d ! "n is to be f\nd ! signification ( ! ,meztitlan "n itlan1 f tlantli1 too?8 ,dr ,sel] rem>ks t x seems to me q possible t ! po9t surr\nd$ by dots 9 ! "* eb is an abbreviation ( figure #cbf 7! prefix to our plate ,,lxiv1 #dh74bde-a ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,day ,maya1 b5 or be52 ,tz5tal1 b52 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 ah2 ,zapotec1 quii1 ii1 or laa2 ,nahuatl1 acatl4 ,! symbol ( ?is day is subject to b few &1 ) "o or two exceptions1 b slight v>iations4 ,l&a's figure is repres5t$ at ,,lxvi1 #af1 ^? usual 9 ! codices 9 ,,lxvi1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 & an irregul> =m f\nd 9 ,dres4 #aj;c 9 symbol #bj ( ! same plate4 ,:5 us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r glyphs & o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 ! =m1 ?\gh usually typical1 is subject occasionally to wide v>iations1 ?\gh !re is consid]able d\bt :e!r ! latt] are to be consid]$ b5 symbols4 ,dr ,sel] cont5ds t ! figure orig9at$ f ! plait$ re$ or mat1 :i*1 if correct1 enables u to trace x by gradations to a :olly diff]5t figure4 ,b be=e ref]r+ fur!r to ^!1 x is be/ t ! signification ( ! names %\ld be giv51 z det]m9$ by l+ui/ic evid5ce4 ,! ,nahuatl "n acatl signifies re$1 cane1 or /alk2 &1 accord+ to ,xim5es & ,brasseur1 ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel ah also signifies re$1 especially ! corn/alk or sug> cane4 ,! ,zapotec quii has also ! same signification1 re$1 & ,dr ,br9ton says laa has ! same mean+1 b ,dr ,sel] says he c n f9d x ) ?is signification 9 ! lexicons1 nor d ,i f9d x 9 any to :i* ,i h access4 ,! ,maya & ,tz5tal b51 h[ev]1 pres5ts a m s]i\s difficulty 9 ! attempt to br+ x into h>mony ) ! o!rs4 ,dr ,sel] cont5ts himself ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 words :i* h be5 or b5 z _! root4 ,?is root1 he says1 signifies consum$1 & ! words to :i* he ref]s mean to be consum$1 to wa/e away1 to fail1 be lack+1 g away4 ,?is is also ! signification to :i* ,dr ,br9ton ref]s4 ,i f9d1 he says1 t 9 ,tz5tal ! dri$ corn/alk 7caa de mais seco7 is call$ cagh-b51 & f ?is ,i d\bt n ?is day-"n 9 t dialect & ! ,maya 0 tak5 & syncopat$4 ,! v]b b5 or be5 9 ,tz5tal means 'to walk1 to g1' b 9 ! above comp\nd ! b5 is f ! ,maya /em b5el1 'to be us$ up1 to be dead4' ,! op9ion ( ,dr ,sel]1 above /at$1 t ! symbol ( ?is day orig9at$ f ! del9eation ( ! plait$ re$ or mat1 is bas$ on ! repres5tation ( ! mat bo? 9 symbols & figures 9 ! ,mexican & ,maya codices4 ,"s ( ^! are %[n 9 our plate ,,lxvi1 #ba to #bd4 ,! fir/1 #ba1 is f ! ,m5doza ,codex1 & is f\nd also 9 ,tro4 #bj99;d4 ,^! are und\bt$ly int5d$ to d5ote mats or some?+ ( a k9dr$ nature4 ,! same figure is se5 on ! ro(s ( temples & h\ses1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #bb1 f ,tro4 #aj99;c4 ,9 ^! in/ances !y appe> to indicate ! ?at*+ ) :i* ! ro( is cov]$4 ,! =m is sometimes v>i$1 z 9 ,,lxvi1 #bc1 f ,tro4 #aj99;a4 ,! symbol :i*1 x is presum$1 ref]s to ! mat z se5 9 ,tro4 #ba99;d1 is giv5 9 ,,lxvi1 #bd2 t repres5t+ ! h\se 9 ,tro4 #aj99;c is se5 9 ,,lxvi1 #be2 ano!r ( a slightly diff]5t =m1 f ,tro4 #g99;c1 9 ,,lxvi1 #bj2 & ano!r1 ref]r+ also to a h\se or to ! ro(1 z ,dr ,sel] supposes1 is giv5 9 ,,lxvi1 #bg4 ,!re c be no "q t plate ,,lxvi1 #ba1 is int5d$ to repres5t a mat or some?+ ( t nature1 nor t ! "* %[n at #bd is ! symbol us$ to repres5t ?is mat1 /raw1 or plait$ fabric2 nor c x be d\bt$ t ! figures %[n at #bb & #bc are conv5tional figures = h\ses ( "s k9d4 ,x mu/ also be admitt$ t ! *>act]s %[n at #be1 #bf1 & #bg are symbols d5ot+ ^! h\ses4 ,accord+ to ,dr ,sel]'s int]pretation1 figures #bd & #bg are1 9 "s cases1 us$ to d5ote a seat on a mat #bd2 sometimes ! mat ro( ( ! temple or ! temple itself 7#bg74 ,9 8 op9ion ^! *>act]s1 especially #bg1 conta9 ! elem5t ( ! mat & a symbol ( c>ry+--! h& or elem5ts :i* h be5 borr[$ f ! figure ( ! h&--& 9 ^! hi]oglyphs ! transition ( ! reali/ically del9eat$ mat into ! "* b5 may be di/9ctly trac$4 ,t ! upp] "p ( plate ,,lxvi1 #be & #bf1 & ( o!r simil> figures 9 ! codices :i* might be %[n1 d make a close approa* 9 =m to ! b5 symbol1 mu/ be admitt$4 ,b !re is "o break 9 ! *a9 :i* ne$s to be clos$ be=e ! evid5ce is entirely satisfactory4 ,does ! upp] "p ( ^! h\se symbols 7#be-bf7 indicate ro( mats or ?at*+8 ,an exam9ation ( ! h\se figures %[s ^! suppos$ mat figures to be some?+ /&+ on ! top ( ! ro(--some?+ ris+1 z x 71 p]p5dicul>ly along & above ! comb or cre/4 ,n[1 precisely su* battlem5ts or elevat$ cre/s appe> to h be5 common on ! ro(s ( ! temples or /ructures :i* h be5 pres]v$ to mod]n times4 ,we see !m 9 ! figures giv5 by ,*>nay1 ,/ev5s1 & o!r explor]s2 & :at is wor?y ( special notice 9 ?is connection is1 t !y sometimes consi/ ( op5work or trellis-l figures4 ,!re=e1 if we connect ! upp] "p ( ! h\se symbols ) ! b5 glyph1 x is /ill by no means c]ta9 t x is d]iv$ f1 or be>s any relation to1 ! mat "*4 ,we notice fur!r t 9 ! figures ( h\ses ?is suppos$ mat figure is n us$ to indicate ! ?at*+1 b is cle>ly di/+ui%$ f x4 ,aga91 if ! upp] *>act]s ( ,,lxvi1 #be1 #bf1 are int5d$ to signify ! ?at*+1 ro( matt+1 or ro(1 & are simple ideograms drawn f ! ?+ repres5t$1 !n ! l[] *>act]s 9 ^! symbols might well be suppos$ to repres5t ! wall or framework ( ! h\se4 ,b ! widely diff]5t relations 9 :i* we f9d ?is l[] "* =bid ?is conclusion4 ,t ! wall may be indicat$ is true1 b if s x mu/ be ikonomatically or by ! phonetic value ( ! symbol4 ,i h !re=e f\nd x v difficult to rea* any entirely satisfactory conclusion 9 reg>d to ^! h\se symbols4 ,t ! l[] "* is phonetic 9 ! true or rebus s5se c1 ,i ?9k1 be %[n1 b1 not)/&+ ! objections ,i h pres5t$1 ! mo/ satisfactory int]pretation ( ! upp] "p is t x repres5ts ! ro(1 z we see 9 ! upp] figure ( ,,lxvi1 #be1 ! cros%at*+ & ! d\ble b5 l9es4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem satisfactory to consid] x m]ely an ideogram or picture b = ! prefix1 :i* c n be readily acc\nt$ = on ! idea ( a pictorial repres5tation4 ,z we h f\nd t ! l[] "* ( plate ,,lxvi1 #bf1 has ! phonetic value ( * usually comb9$ ) o or u 7see rem>ks above on ,,lxv1 #dd71 we may f9d 9 ?is glyph oto*1 h\se1 ?\gh ! full signification ( ! entire comp\nd symbol appe>s to embrace m ?an ?is4 ,possibly ! upp] "p is a det]m9ative4 ,! l[] "p1 h[ev]1 ( ,,lxvi1 #be & #bg1 is f\nd1 z be=e rem>k$1 :]e x c h no ref]5ce to a build+4 ,z x has ! two heavy l9es indicative ( ! p s\nd 7see explanation ( ,,lxiv1 #aa71 & also ( ! guttural1 x is probable t ! signification1 :]e a /ructure is ref]r$ to1 is pak 7pakal71 a build+1 wall1 =tification4 ,b :5 x is f\nd 9 an entirely diff]5t relation1 z 9 ,tro4 #ag;b1 :]e x is ov] an individual ty+ a de]1 x mu/ h an entirely diff]5t signification4 ,x is possible t x may be consi/5tly r5d]$ by pacoc 7paccah71 to cord1 fa/51 b9d 7,h5d]son71 or "s d]ivative !re(4 ,we f9d x aga9 on ,tro4 #ai99;d & #bj99;d1 & ,dres4 #ah;c1 #ai;c1 & #bj;c1 :]e females are repres5t$ z be>+ burd5s on _! backs4 ,n[1 cu* signifies to be>1 to c>ry1 & also a load1 a burd51 & cu*-pa*1 a c>ri]1 a port] 7lit]ally to c>ry on ! back1 pa* d5ot+ back74 ,9 ?is in/ance also ! phonetic value assign$ x holds good4 ,on ,tro4 #ag;b ! same glyph /&s above an individual :o is 9 ! act ( /rik+ a snake :i* is bit+ 8 foot4 ,9 ?is case x has a suffix l t to ,,lxvi1 #c1 :i*1 z we h /at$1 probably repres5ts ! s\nd ah1 ha1 or hal1 & indicates t ! ^w is a v]b4 ,!re are sev]al words conta9+ ! phonetic value assign$ ! "*1 :i* are applicable1 z pok*etah1 :i* ,p]ez int]prets pis>1 pon] el pie sobre algo2 pu*ah1 despa*urran1 ma*uc>2 pa*ah1 to scatt]1 break 7,h472 pe*1 to cru% 7,h472 pacez 7paczah71 to squeeze1 press1 cru% 7,h474 ,x seems1 !re=e1 q probable t ! l[] "p ( ^! comp\nd symbols is phonetic4 ,if ,dr ,sel] is correct 9 8 supposition t ! symbol is d]iv$ f ! plait$ mat1 !n x is mo/ likely simply ideographic or a m]e conv5tional pictograph4 ,possibly ?is is ! correct conclusion1 z ,i c f9d no evid5ce t5d+ to %[ t x is phonetic4 ,if we c\ld suppose ! =m 0 int5d$ to repres5t a road or pa?way--be1 beil1 & bel 9 ,maya1 & beel 9 ,zotzil--we might assume x to be phonetic4 ,! comb9ations %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 & #ee1 9 :i* ! symbol ( ?is day appe>s1 h z yet receiv$ no satisfactory explanation4 ,^? %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #bh1 & #ee1 are ( v frequ5t occurr5ce & probably indicate "s common c]emony1 ord]1 or direction 9 ! religi\s c]emonies4 ,i h a /rong suspicion t ! fir/ indicates exorcism or driv+ away ! evil spirits1 b ,i f9d no appropriate ,maya ^w unless x be pekokalil1 giv5 by ,h5d]son4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n agree ) ! int]pretation ,k9i*kakmo1 giv5 by ,sel] to ,,lxvi1 #bi1 above ref]r$ to4 ,sel] gives to ,,lxvi1 #cj1 ! app>5tly /ra9$ int]pretation1 he :o is conqu]$ 9 w> & br\ght home prison]4 ,i h no int]pretation to (f]4#bdh-a ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,day ,maya1 ix or hix2 ,tz5tal1 hix2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 balam1 yiz1 or hix2 ,zapotec1 e*e2 ,nahuatl1 ocelotl4 ,! symbol ( ?is day is f\nd 9 q a numb] ( diff]5t =ms1 "s ( :i* are wide v>iations f ! prevail+ type4 ,l&a's figure is %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #ca4 ,! usual =ms f\nd 9 ! ,tro4 ,codex are ,,lxvi1 #cb to #cg2 #cf is some:at r>e4 ,t %[n at #ch is f\nd only on plate #cj99;c1 & t %[+ ! animal head 7#ci7 on plate #ab;c4 ,no ess5tial v>iations f ^! are f\nd 9 ei!r ! ,codex ,p]esianus or ,cortesianus4 ,^? %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #dj-db1 are f ! ,dresd5 ,codex4 ,! ,nahuatl "n & ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 balam1 d5ote ! tig]1 possibly ! jagu>1 ?\gh ! ,mexican "n c]ta9ly ref]s to ! ocelot4 ,dr ,br9ton says t ! ,zapotec e*e1 or 9 ! full =m be-e*e-guia1 has ! same signification4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 d]ives x f ! t]m pe*e-tao1 ! great animal--! tig]1 or f]oci\s animal4 ,b ! o!r names1 ix1 hix1 hiix or gix1 z !y are v>i\sly writt5 7?\gh really "o ^w71 pres5t a m s]i\s difficulty to ! attempt to br+ !m into h>mony ) ! o!rs4 ,dr ,sel] says3 ,! ,cak*iquel t]m yiz1 i4 e41 ! ,maya h-ez1 ! sorc]]1 may well be consid]$ z giv+ an explanation ( ! ,maya "n ( ?is day "* 7ix74 ,my conception1 aft] "o m l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce po9t+ t[>d x1 is t ! day-"* sy/em has become kn[n to ! ,mayas ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! cognate bran*es ( ,*iapas1 = we frequ5tly f9d ! ,tz5tal-,zotzil x correspond+ to ! ,maya z4 ,dr ,br9ton says t ! ,maya1 ,tz5tal1 & ,cak*iquel ^w hix or ix means sorc]]1 ?\gh he does n furni% ! evid5ce4 ,moreov]1 he adds imm$iately aft] t x is probable ix is a v>iant ( ik or igh 'w9d1 brea?1 life1' & makes ! connection by ref]r+ to ! fact t bl[+ 0 practic$ 9 m$ic9e rites4 ,x w\ld h be5 m satisfactory1 h[ev]1 _h he giv5 ! evid5ce on :i* he bas$ 8 ass]tion t ! ,maya & ,tz5tal "n means sorc]]4 ,accord+ to ,xim5es ! ,cak*iquel "n yiz d5otes ! sorc]]2 & x is probable t ! signification ( ix or hix is ! same1 z ! codices appe> to give support to ?is conclusion4 ,on ,dres4 #h;a ! "* %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #dc1 /&s 9 ! text ov] ! figure ( a tig]1 & evid5tly ref]s to x4 ,! close resemblance ( ?is to ! ix symbol f ,tro4 #ab;c %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #ci1 is too manife/ to be ov]look$4 ,! same symbol is f\nd 9 ,tro4 #ag;c1 b "h ! prefix is *ang$ to ! num]al #d2 bel[ is a tig]-l animal ) a fea!r$ tongue protrud+ f its m\?4 ,i h tak5 = grant$1 f ! indicat$ action & my int]pretation ( "o ( ! accompany+ symbols1 t ?is figure 0 int5d$ to indicate ! sorc]] or div9]4 ,?is supposition ,i admit is n support$ by suffici5t evid5ce to dem& acceptance4 ,h[ev]1 x is probable t ,lon de ,rosny is ju/ifi$ 9 r5d]+ ,,lxvi1 #dc1 by ek-balam4 ,?is supposition w be /r5g!n$ by any evid5ce t5d+ to %[ t ! prefix is prop]ly int]pret$ by ek4 ,! symbol = ! mon? ,ceh1 z giv5 9 ,dres4 #di;c1 is %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #dd1 & is ! same z ,l&a's figure m9us ! suffix or mon? det]m9ative4 ,x w\ld seem f ! fact t ! l[] "* ( ?is symbol is ! same z ! l[] portion ( ! symbols = ,yax 7,,lxiv1 #ab7 & ,zac 7,,lxvi1 #dh71 t ! ^w ,ceh1 if ! writ+ is phonetic or ikonomatic1 does n give ! entire phonetic equival5t unless ! x or c ( ! o!r names is "h s(t5$ to h4 ,x may be add$1 h[ev]1 t ,h5d]son gives bo? ,ceh & ,kez z ! "n ( ! mon? & ! ,maya "n = de]4 ,9 ! ,zotzil vocabul>y ci]vo is *ig & v5ado *igh4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a difficulty 9 h>moniz+ ?is ) ! symbol = ! mon? ,zip--9 :i* ! same "* appe>s--t ,i h n be5 able to expla94 ,nev]!less1 x may be said1 z ! l[] "* appe>s 7f evid5ce t w n be introduc$ at ?is po9t7 to h z or dz z its *ief phonetic elem5t1 t x is possible ! "n _h sometimes ek or ke prefix$4 ,runn+ ?r\gh ! l[] division ( plates #df-ej ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex is a l9e consi/+ ( repetitions ( ! "* %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #de4 ,"h we h aga9 our k'1 ke1 or ek glyph z a prefix4 ,! "r portion ( ! symbol be>s a some:at close resemblance to "s =ms ( ! symbol ( ! day ,lamat 7b n to k91 z has be5 sugge/$71 & is s int]pret$ by ,brasseur & ,lon de ,rosny4 ,z ek signifies />1 & lemba respl5d5t1 bright1 %9+1 sp>kl+1 ! phonetic value ( ! glyph may be ! bright1 %9+ />1 allud+ to ,v5us4 ,accord+ to ,h5d]son1 eekil1 ekil1 or yekil 0 us$ to designate ?is />1 zaztal be+ add$ to "n x z a morn+ />4 ,accord+ to ! ,report on ! city ( ,valladolid1#bej-a ! "n giv5 ! morn+ /> 0 no* eke 7or eque74 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t ,dr ,fr/emann is "r 9 suppos+ t ! long num]al s]ies runn+ ?r\gh plates #df-ej ( ?is codex relates to ! app>5t revolution ( ! planet ,v5us4 ,9 ,dres4 #ah;c is ! comp\nd symbol %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #df1 foll[$ by #dg4 ,9 ! =m] we see our ek or ke symbol z ! upp] "* & ! suppos$ cimi 7,,lxv1 #bh7 glyph z ! l[] "*1 & to ! left a prefix4 ,?is prefix is precisely t 9 ! symbol = ! mon? ,zac 7,,lxvi1 #dh71 & has presumably ! same value 9 "o glyph z ! o!r4 ,?is w give1 z ! prop] r5d]+ ( ! symbol ,,lxvi1 #df1 zeek-cimil1 ! skull ( ! dead4 ,by ref]r+ to ! figure bel[ ! text1 a woman is se5 be>+ on h] back a skull inclos$ 9 a wrapp+ ( "s k9d1 :i* 9 ,k+sbor\gh1 :]e ! color is reta9$1 appe>s to be clo?4 ,?is c]ta9ly agrees ) ! r5d]+ ( ! glyph4 ,! symbol :i* foll[s x1 %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #dg1 has "o ( ! elem5ts ( ,,lxvi1 #bg1 &1 z sugge/$ "u ! ,?irte5? ,day1 %\ld probably be int]pret$ cu*pa*1 a c>ri] or port] 7or be> ^u ! back74 ,9 ! correspond+ glyph 9 ,tro4 #bj99;d 7,,lxvi1 #bd7 ! upp] portion1 z above /at$1 ref]s probably to ! hamp] or basket-l hold] 9 :i* ! load is c>ri$1 & is a simple ideogram2 b "h 7,,lxvi1 #dg7 ! upp] "* is phonetic1 correspond+ v closely to ! l[] "p ( ! symbols = ! mon?s ,yax & ,zac4 ,! "* :i* foll[s--! l[] left-h& ( ! gr\p ( f\r--se5 at ,,lxvi1 #di1 is ! well-kn[n symbol = woman4 ,z ! wom5 7 ! burd5 be>]s 9 ,yucatan1 ! int]pretation appe>s to be consi/5t4 ,x is !re=e probable t ! prefix to ,,lxvi1 #dc1 is to be int]pret$ by ek1 z ,rosny has sugge/$4 ,sel]1 allud+ to ! symbol1 asks1 ,may n ! sk9 ( ! tig]1 in/ead ( ! animal itself1 be "h indicat$8 ,he fur!r sugge/s t x repres5ts ! r\nd hairy e> & ! spott$ sk9 ( ! tig]1 & t ! glyph %[n at ,,lxvi1 #ci1 repres5ts ! entire head ( ?is animal1 ( :i* !re c be little d\bt4 ,"s ( ! symbols ( ?is day1 f\nd 9 ! ,fej]v>y ,codex1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #da1 appe> to favor ,sel]'s idea4#bej-b ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,day ,maya1 m52 ,tz5tal1 tziqu92 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 tziqu92 ,zapotec1 naa or aa2 ,nahuatl1 quauhtli4 ,l&a's figure is s imp]fect 9 ?is case t x is n giv54 ,! usual =ms & v>iations are %[n 9 plate ,,lxvi1 #ej to #ed4 ,! la/ two1 :i* %[ ! wide/ v>iation1 are f ! ,dresd5 ,codex4 ,! ,tz5tal & ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 tziqu91 signifies bird 9 g5]al1 & ! ,nahuatl1 quauhtli1 eagle4 ,! ,maya & ,zapotec names are m difficult to br+ into h>mony ) ! o!rs4 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks t ! ,zapotec "n is d]iv$ f na1 to "k1 to und]/&1 to be able ?r\gh k4 ,?is1 he says1 exactly corresponds to ! ,maya m51 :i* means to und]/&1 to be able to d 4442 h5ce 9 ?is latt] tongue1 ah-m5 means ! man ( k1 ! wise "o1 ! ma/] ( wisdom4 ,! bird1 he adds1 0 ! symbol ( wisdom & k4 ,dr ,sel] says x is difficult to det]m9e ! ,yucatan "n4 ,h[ev]1 f ! =m ( ! symbol he concludes x is int5d$ to repres5t an ag$ face1 by :i* he connects x ) an ag$ goddess1 ,ix*el1 ! companion ( ,itzamna1 & ) c]ta9 ,mexican deities4 ,9 8 subsequ5t pap] he says ! ,zapotec "n furni%es l+ui/ic pro( ( ! above conclusion4 ,i _h conclud$1 he says1 t ! ,maya hi]oglyph repres5t$ ! image ( ! old e>? "m1 ! univ]sally wor%ipp$ goddess call$ ,tonantz91 'our "m1' :o is connect$ 9 ! ,codex ,vi55sis ) ! eagle symbol4 ,he !n adds t ! ,zapotec t]m naa or aa signifies "m1 & ?us f9ds ! connection betwe5 ! cal5d> names4 ,x is probable we w n be f> wrong if we assume t ref]5ce to ! bird z us$ 9 ?is connection is n s mu* to x z an animal z an augury1 sign1 or port5t4 ,! birds introduc$ 9 ! ,dresd5 & ,troano codices1 especially ^? on pages #af1 #ag1 & #ah ( ! =m] & #ah99 & #ai99 ( ! latt]1 are suppos$ to h ref]5ce to auguries4 ,9 ! ,vocabul>io ,ca/ellano ,zapoteco1 "u ,ave1 we f9d mani-biici1 ave agor]a4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex 7#ag;b7 "o ( ! birds introduc$ z play+ ?is rle is an eagle1 or "s rapaci\s species resembl+ an eagle or vulture4 ,al?\gh ,sel] believes ! symbol to h be5 d]iv$ f ! ag$ wr9kl$ female face1 yet he closes 8 obs]vations on ?is day 9 8 fir/ article z foll[s3 ,i ?9k ! ref]5ce to ! eagle is v di/9ctly indicat$ ref]r+ to a numb] ( glyphs accompany+ or indicat+ an eagle-l bird4 ,we c und]/& t ^! hi]oglyphs 7 annex$ z attributes ( ! deities4 ,b h[ is x t figures #fhg-fhi same z our plate ,,lxviii1 #db s]ve z a seat = ! ,*ac8 ,n[ ,*ac he ref]s to ! long-nose god is n really a god ( wat]1 b ( ra92 ! ra9-produc+ /orm cl\d is 8 vehicle2 ! /orm bird is 8 bea/ ( burd5 on :i* he rides4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 not)/&+ 8 supposition 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! symbol1 t he looks ^u x z signify+ ! eagle1 or bird4 ,h[ev]1 ! explanations giv5 by ,drs ,br9ton & ,sel] ( ! ,maya "n fail to make a satisfactory connection betwe5 ! names 9 ! diff]5t cal5d>s4 ,n only d we f9d birds introduc$ on ! pages ( ! ,troano & ,dresd5 codices above ref]r$ to1 app>5tly = ! purpose ( indicat+ augury1 b on ,dres4 #fi;b we see ! long-nose god 7probably ,itzamna7 sitt+ on ! glyph ,,lxviii1 #db1 hold+ a bird 9 8 arms4 ,also on ,dres4 #gc;b1 :]e ! gr\ps are compos$ ( %ort columns1 ea* app>5tly relat+ to /orms1 w9ds1 etc1 we see 9 ! "r-h& gr\p ! bird & m5-l glyph associat$4 ,:e!r ^! are 9 fact m5 glyphs is a "q n yet det]m9$4 ,i am z yet unable to int]pret satisfactorily any ( ! comp\nd *>act]s ( :i* ^! suppos$ m5 glyphs =m a "p4 ,if ! =m %[n 9 ,,lxvi1 #bh1 ! l[] portion ( :i* is sub/antially ! same z ,l&a's fir/ l1 is to be accept$ z equival5t to ,,lxvi1 #ee1 !n x is probable t ! symbol ( ! day does n indicate ! phonetic value ( ! "n4 ,?is w\ld lead to ! supposition t ! "n m5 is n ! orig9al "o appli$ to ! day1 or t ! symbol has be5 *ang$4 ,i am incl9$ to believe "o or ! o!r ( ^! suppositions to be correct4 ,if ! symbol c\ld be id5tifi$ 9 ! inscriptions1 ,i w\ld adopt ! fir/ supposition until sub/antial evid5ce ( its errone\sness c\ld be produc$4 ,i am unable to (f] any sugge/ions z to ! orig9 ( ! symbol4 ,i d n ?9k ! sugge/ion t x is int5d$ to repres5t an ag$ face ( woman or man ( any =ce or wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,! symbol w\ld be j z complete s f> z its signification is conc]n$ )\t ! eye z ) x4 ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,day ,maya1 cib2 ,tz5tal1 *ab92 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 ahmak2 ,zapotec1 guilloo or loo2 ,nahuatl1 cozcaquauhtli4 ,9 addition to ^! ! foll[+ are also giv53 ,pipil1 tecolotl2 ,meztitlan1 teotl itonal or temetlatl4 ,! =ms ( ?is symbol %[n 9 plates ,,lxvi1 #ef to #ei1 & ,,lxvii1 #a to #c1 are ^? usually f\nd 9 ! codices1 ! slight diff]5ces be+ due to ! great] or less degree ( p]fection ) :i* !y h be5 made4 ,l&a's figure is simil> to ,,lxvii1 #a4 ,! v>iants 9 ,,lxvii1 #d & #e1 are f ,dres4 #df & #di2 b ! symbols f\nd 9 ! day columns ( ,dres4 #df to #ej mu/ n be tak5 z evid5ce ( peculi> types1 z !y are to a l>ge ext5t da%$ (f )\t c>e1 "o or two ( a column be+ suffici5tly exact = det]m9ation & ! re/ m]e blot*es4 ,i h ref]r$ to !m "h & "u o!r days simply because ,dr ,sel] has notic$ !m2 h5ce _h ,i fail$ to allude to !m x might be ?\ght an ov]sight4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d n ?9k any ( ! v>iations 9 ! day columns ( ^! five plates %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation z types4 ,! ,nahuatl "n cozcaquauhtli is ! royal zopilote 7,s>coramphus papa ( orni?ologi/s74 ,drs ,sel] & ,br9ton agree 9 ! supposition t ! ,zapotec "n is d]iv$ f balloo1 ! rav5 or cr[4 ,dr ,sel] says t ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel ^w ahmak seems to signify ! vulture1 :o pecks out ! eyes1 :o makes deep holes2 :ile ,dr ,br9ton ma9ta9s t ! ,qui*e ahmak means ! ma/] ( evil1 ref]r+ to ! owl1 :i* is e/eem$ a bird ( evil om5 & bad =tune4 ,! ,pipil tecolotl also d5otes ! night bird or owl4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxvii ,,copies ,,( ,,glyphs ,,f ,,! ,,codices ,! ,maya & ,tz5tal names1 h[ev]1 pres5t a difficulty n s easily expla9$4 ,! signification ( ! =m] is wax1 gum1 or copal gum1 & also1 accord+ to ,h5d]son1 root4 ,accord+ to ,br9ton ! ,tz5tal radical *ab means honey1 01 bee1 a late meal4 ,he ref]s1 h[ev]1 to ! ,cak*iquel1 :]e he f9ds t *'ab means mud1 clay1 mire1 & sugge/s t z r$ & black clays 7 ! primitive pigm5ts ?is may connect ! ,tz5tal day "n ) ! ,maya4 ,sel]1 h[ev]1 d]ives ! ,maya "n f ci or cii1 to ta/e good1 to smell good2 & z ci is also ! "n ( ! maguey plant1 & likewise ref]s to ! pulque or intoxicat+ dr9k f ?is plant1 he concludes t cib mu/ h be5 =m$ by ! addition ( ! in/rum5tal suffix1 & h5ce ref]s to t :i* is us$ = w9e1 ei!r ! honey1 or1 m correctly1 ! n>cotic root4 ,?is conclusion he ?9ks is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ! corkscrew figure1 :i* is ! *ief elem5t ( ! cib symbol1 is f\nd sev]al times on vases or e>!n vessels 7see ,,lxvii1 #f74 ,att5tion is call$ 9 ?is connection to ! fact t loo 9 ,zapotec signifies root1 :i* is also "o ( ! mean+s giv5 by ,h5d]son to ! ,maya cib1 :i* w\ld seem to /r5g!n ,dr ,sel]'s conclusion4 ,! glyph is seldom if ev] f\nd 9 comb9ation ) o!r *>act]s or us$ o!rwise ?an z a day symbol4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! fact t x is n f\nd except z a day symbol 9 ! beekeep]'s cal5d> 9 ! ,troano ,codex1 w\ld seem to indicate t !re has be5 a *ange 9 ! "n ( ! day s9ce ! orig9 ( ! symbol2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ! symbol has be5 modifi$ f "s old] =m4 ,nev]!less1 !re are "s indications t x is phonetic & t ! corkscrew figure has b z its *ief elem5t1 :e!r cib be ! ^w indicat$ or n4 ,9 ! symbol = ! day ,caban 7,,lxvii1 #i7 we see ! same corkscrew figure1 & obs]ve t b is ! *ief consonant elem5t ( ! ^w4 ,9 ! well-kn[n symbol = woman 7,,lxvi1 #di7 !re appe>s ! same "*1 usually d\ble1 "o at ! front ( ! face1 ! o!r on ! back "p ( ! head4 ,i h usually consid]$ ?is a m]e conv5tional symbol1 tak5 f ! female head1 ^! corkscrew figures indicat+ ! rolls ( hair4 ,nev]!less x is possible t x is phonetic1 z we see on ! *eek ! c1 *1 or k "* h]et(ore ref]r$ to4 ,z *up1 *upal1 & *uplal are names = woman1 female1 or girl1 ! p may replace ! b & repres5t ! corkscrew figure4 ,i am unable1 h[ev]1 to expla9 ! prefix1 :i* %\ld h ! b or p s\nd1 or be a det]m9ative4 ,possibly x may d5ote pal1 signify+ a "y p]son1 ?\gh ?is appe>s to ref] g5]ally to ! male sex4 ,h5d]son1 h[ev]1 prefixes x to give x ! signification daught]1 or girl4 ,t ! symbol on vessels z %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #f1 indicates liquid1 or dr9k ( "s k9d1 is m ?an probable4 ,x may ref] to bal*e 7or baleze71 ! c]emonial dr9k1 ! symbol indicat+ ! phonetic elem5t b4 ,! upp] portion ( ! figure %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #g1 f ,tro4 #c99;b & #d99;b 79 ! space7 ,i 0 at fir/ incl9$ to reg>d z a reptile ( "s k9d1 b ! fact ( its pres5ce 9 ! section relat+ to bees & honey1 & ! corkscrew m>k+s1 r5d] x probable t x is beeswax4 ,to ?is evid5ce may be add$ ! fact t ! symbol ov] :i* x is plac$ conta9s "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! cib glyph4 ,!re are a numb] ( places :]e q simil> m>k+s appe> on seats & o!r ?+s1 b ^! are di/+ui%$ by ! add$ l9e ( dots1 %[+ x1 z w be se5 h]eaft]1 to be 9 ^! cases ! cab or caban symbol4 ,! facts :i* h be5 m5tion$1 toge!r ) ! =m ( ! symbol1 may possibly lead to a correct und]/&+ ( its orig94 ,x seems probable t ! corkscrew figure1 :i* is ! *ief1 & app>5tly only1 ess5tial elem5t1 is tak5 f ! root ( a plant & 0 ! conv5tional me?od ( repres5t+ t object4 ,z x appe>s f ,h5d]son's ,lexicon t root 0 "o signification ( cib 7probably f cibah1 to foll[1 succe$1 :i* also signifies born1 manife/$1 root1 allud+ to orig971 & also t 9 ,zotzil yib or yibel is root 7raiz de arbol1 yibel-te71 we f9d ! reason :y ?is 0 select$ z ! symbol to express ! s\nd cib4 ,! fact t 9 ! ,zapotec loo signifies root /r5g!ns ?is conclusion & indicates t ! symbol is n us$ simply = ! s\nd indicat$--t is1 phonetically or ikonomatically--b also ) ref]5ce to ! signification4 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,day ,maya1 caban2 ,tz5tal1 *ic2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 noh2 ,zapotec1 xoo2 ,nahuatl1 oll94 ,9 addition to ^!1 ! foll[+ are also sometimes giv53 ,9 ,meztitlan1 nahui olli2 ,pipil1 tecpila nahuatl4 ,?is "*1 z is app>5t f plate ,,lxvii1 #h-ac1 is subject to no mat]ial v>iation2 9 fact1 to no v>iation :i* w\ld prev5t u f at once id5tify+ x4 ,t %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #h1 is ,l&a's figure4 ,! *ange 9 position ( ! black spot & l9es ) ref]5ce to "o ano!r does n appe> to h any significance4 ,9 ! ,troano & ,cortesian codices ! black dot is sometimes on "o side & sometimes on ! o!r4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 h[ev]1 x is ne>ly always on ! left4 ,! "o %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #ac1 9 :i* !re is introduc$ a new elem5t1 is f\nd sev]al times 9 ! la/ "p ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex4 ,?is "* is us$ v frequ5tly o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 be+ f\nd sep>ate & 9 comb9ation1 also z a m>k on a numb] ( articles4 ,z x is possible to det]m9e ) reasonable1 & 9 fact satisfactory1 c]ta9ty its signification 9 a numb] ( in/ances :]e us$ o!rwise ?an z a day symbol1 "s ( ^! w be notic$1 z !y seem to furni% /rong evid5ce ( phoneticism4 ,b ,i repeat "h ! /atem5t made at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is pap]1 t 9 us+ ?is t]m phoneticism1 ,i include t :i* may1 9 a /rict classification1 be call$ ikonomatic4 ,h[ev]1 be=e ref]r+ to ^!1 x is be/ to give ! int]pretations ( ! names :i* h be5 sugge/$1 z ! be>+ ( our int]pretations ( ! symbols w !n be bett] und]/ood4 ,! ,mexican "n oll9 or ol9 is g5]ally int]pret$ motion or movem5t1 ) special ref]5ce to ! e>?quake4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 adds ca\t*\c ball4 ,9 8 fir/ pap]1 h]et(ore ref]r$ to1 he rem>ks 9 reg>d to ! ,maya1 ,tz5tal1 & ,qui*e-,cak*iquel names3 ,!re is n mu* to be drawn f ^! words4 ,9 8 subsequ5t pap] he app>5tly relies ^u ! usual signification ( ! ,mexican t]m1 & f ?is & ! signification ( ! ,zapotec xoo1 p[]ful1 /rong1 viol5t1 concludes t ! ,tz5tal "n may be consi/5tly r5d]$ by l>ge1 p[]ful1 & ! ,maya "n by t :i* is br\ght d[n1 :i* is above1 ref]5ce be+ made to asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,dr ,br9ton d]ives ! ,maya t]m f cab1 might or /r5g?1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,motul ,dicc41 & says t 9 ?is s5se x corresponds precisely ) ! ,tz5tal *ic 7equal ,maya *i*1 cosa fu]ta y dura71 ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel noh1 /rong1 great1 & ! ,zapotec xoo1 =ce1 p[]1 or might4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 concludes t ! ,zapotec "n is "h to be int]pret$ e>?1 or to be und]/ood z ref]r+ to ! e>?4 ,he ?9ks t ! day symbol is an abbreviat$ =m (1 or d]iv$ f1 ,,lxvi1 #di1 :i* he takes to be a symbol ( ! goddess ,*iribias or ,ix*ebelyax1 :om he id5tifies ) ,zaczuy1 ! :ite maid54 ,z w be obs]v$1 we h express$ ! op9ion t ?is glyph is a symbol = woman 9 ! g5]al s5se1 :i* conclusion appe>s to be confirm$ by its connection ) diff]5t female figures4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 prefixes & suffixes :i* may s]ve to give x a specific application2 = example1 9 ,,lxvii1 #ad1 f ,dres4 #af;c1 ! prefix1 accord+ to my int]pretation1 conta9s ! z s\nd z its *ief phonetic elem5t4 ,x is possible t 9 ?is case a p>ticul> p]son may be ref]r$ to by ! prefix1 ! woman symbol be+ "h simply a det]m9ative4 ,dr ,br9ton1 9 8 explanation ( ! mon? "n ,zip1 rem>ks3 ,?is 0 ,zuhuy ,zip1 ! virg9 ,zip1 h] "n be+ prop]ly ,dzip1 'to sk91 to dress sla9 animals4' ,i pref]1 h[ev]1 to int]pret ! symbol by maid51 or "y woman1 ! prefix signify+ zuhuy4 ,nev]!less1 ! suffix 9 "s in/ances1 z ,,lxvii1 #ae1 f ,dres4 #ah;b1 may indicate t a sacr$ or my?ological p]sonage is ref]r$ to1 z x is add$ z a suffix 9 "s cases to deity symbols2 h[ev]1 z x is (t5 f\nd 9 o!r relations1 :]e x c h no su* signification1 ,i am n incl9$ to give x ?is int]pretation1 z ! evid5t female deities are d5ot$ by q diff]5t glyphs4 ,! evid5ce t ! ,caban symbol is 9 "s s5se phonetic appe>s to me to be too /rong to be reject$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 "o ( its *ief elem5ts is ! corkscrew figure1 :i*1 z %[n "u ! prec$+ day1 appe>s to h b z its consonant elem5t1 ?is s\nd be+ a prom95t elem5t ( bo? cib & caban4 ,x also has be5 %[n t x is n out ( place 9 ! woman glyph1 "u ! supposition t ?is is also phonetic1 z *up or *upal is ! ,maya "n = woman1 & ! *ange f b to p is n uncommon4 ,x is f\nd 9 sev]al places z t out ( :i* plants are gr[+1 z ,,lxvii1 #af1 f ,tro4 #cb;b1 :i* appe>s to repres5t "s legum9\s plant support$ by a /ake driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,x is t on :i* p]sons are sitt+ ,indian fa%ion1 & on :i* o!rs are ly+2 aga91 x is t out ( :i* a s]p5t is aris+4 ,z e>?1 gr\nd1 w furni% an entirely satisfactory explanation 9 all ^! cases1 !re is no app>5t reason :y x %\ld n be accept$4 ,z cab has e>? z "o ( its lead+ significations1 we n only f9d !re9 a connection ) ! day "n1 b also an indication ( phoneticism4 ,9 ,cort4 #cj;a is ! figure %[n at ,,lxvii1 #ag4 ,! animal repres5t$1 not)/&+ ! quadrup$ head1 is conc$$ to be int5d$ = ! s]p5t4 ,! %ad+ ar\nd ! vessel1 a blot* ( :i* is on ! s]p5t's nose1 ,i take = ! clay or pa/e out ( :i* ! vessel is be+ =m$1 or to be =m$4 ,9 ! division imm$iately bel[ is a repres5tation ( :at appe>s to be "s /ep 9 ! manufacture ( vessels4 ,may ?is n be correctly int]pret$ by kancab1 la t]ra roja o am>illa1 or r$ clay8 ,h5d]son gives cancan z an equival5t t]m ( kankan4 ,z ,i h n se5 a copy ( ! color$ edition ( ?is codex1 ,i c n say :e!r ?is int]pretation is borne out by ! color ( ! %ad+4 ,if ?is int]pretation be correct1 ! s]p5t figure mu/ be us$ symbolically or z a true rebus4 ,9 ,tro4 #i99;c an individual is repres5t$ lift+ :at is suppos$ to be honey or honeycomb out ( a box-%ape object on :i* is ! caban symbol4 ,?is symbol is presum$ to indicate ! cont5ts--honey4 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 !n1 z cab is ! ,maya "n = honey1 we h 9 ?is co9cid5ce 9 s\nd & glyph ano!r indication ( pboneticism4 ,support is giv5 to ?is int]pretation by ! fact t ?is is f\nd 9 :at is kn[n z ! bee section1 & t on ! upp] division ( ! same plate ! same figure1 ) ! caban symbol ^u x1 is se5 9 ! h&s ( an individual :o holds x to a bee4 ,z ! "* :5 us$ o!rwise ?an a day symbol is frequ5tly1 p]haps mo/ g5]ally1 drawn ) a suffix1 z %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #ah1 ,i sugge/ t x is possible x is a conv5tional me?od ( repres5t+ e>? or soil4 ,by ref]5ce to ! ,borgian ,codex1 plate #aa1 also #ai;a & #fa;b1 x w be se5 t :]e e>? is introduc$ into ! picture x is indicat$ by heavy & wavy l9es1 z %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #ai4 ,?is be>s a v /rong resemblance to ! suffix ( ,,lxvii1 #ah4 ,! corkscrew or root figure is add$ z appropriate1 z an elem5t1 9 =m+ an e>? figure4 ,su*1 ,i am incl9$ to believe1 is ! orig9 ( ! symbol :i*1 :5 us$ to indicate any?+ else ?an e>?1 is us$ phonetically or ikonomatically4 ,! figure %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #bj1 f ,dres4 #cj;a1 :i* ,sel] calls a s]p5t1 is m]ely ! repres5tation ( a clay image & ! seat or oratorio 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,x is probably f some?+ ( comp>atively small size1 burnt 9 "o piece4 ,! m>k ( ! e>? symbol1 to di/+ui% ! sub/ance ( :i* x is made1 is c]ta9ly appropriate4 ,9 ,tro4 #f;b we see ano!r on :i* is q a diff]5t symbol1 indicat+1 z w h]eaft] be %[n1 t ! mat]ial is wood4 ,! comp\nd "* 9 ,,lxvii1 #ba1 is f\nd 9 ,tro4 #i99;b & #aj99;c4 ,x occurs 9 ! latt] twice1 ! p>ts1 h[ev]1 rev]s$ 9 ! p>allel gr\ps1 :ile 9 t ( #i99;b "o is above ! o!r4 ,^! v>iants d n necess>ily indicate a diff]5ce 9 ! signification1 z c readily be asc]ta9$ by comp>+ *>act]s 9 ! num]\s p>allel gr\ps4 ,omitt+ ! prefix1 ?is maybe r5d]$ mak-cab1 to eat honey )\t *ew+ 7t is1 by suck+72 to break into a hive & /eal ! honey4 ,by ref]5ce to ! plates on :i* ! symbols are f\nd ! appropriat5ess ( ?is r5d]+ w be app>5t1 if ,i rightly int]pret ! figures bel[ ! text4 ,!re we see ! twi/$ r$ symbols d5ot+ ! fire k9dl$ b5ea? ! hives1 or beeh\ses1 by :i* to drive out or de/roy ! busy little work]s4 ,9 "o ( ! fires we obs]ve bone symbols1 probably d5ot+ a me?od ( giv+ to ! smoke an unpleasant odor1 z rags 7 =m]ly us$ 9 "s sections ( our c\ntry = ! same purpose4 ,! *>act]s %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #bb & #bc1 are f ! upp] "p ( ,cort4 #bb1 :i* is suppos$ to be ! "r half ( ! s-call$ title page ( ! ,tro4 ,codex4 ,^! are int]pret$ by ,sel]1 & probably correctly1 z indicat+ above & bel[ 7,,lxvii1 #bb1 ! =m]1 & ,,lxvii1 #bc1 ! latt]74 ,by foll[+ ! l9e 9 :i* ^! *>act]s are f\nd1 ?r\gh ! two pages1 beg9n+ at ! left ( ! plate ( ! ,tro4 ,codex1 ! result appe>s to be z foll[s1 giv+ ! signification ( ! *>act]s s f> z kn[n3 ,fir/1 ! f\r c>d9al po9ts 9 "o direction1 !n two *>act]s app>5tly correspond+ ) ! two we h figur$1 "o ( :i* is p>tly oblit]at$2 next ! c>d9al po9ts 9 an opposite direction1 aft] :i* foll[ ! two *>act]s %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #bb & #bc4 ,z ! "r half ( ! fir/ 7#bb7 is ! cab or caban symbol1 x is presumable t x has "h sub/antially ! same phonetic value4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t ! :ole comp\nd "* maybe r5d]$ yokcabil 7or okcabil71 above ! e>?1 or z ,h5d]son1 :o gives two words ( ?is =m1 int]prets ! fir/1 ov]1 above ! e>?1 above4 ,! second 7,,lxvii1 #bc7 has also z its *ief "p ! cab symbol1 & ! upp] "r-h& portion appe>s to h x'm z its *ief phonetic elem5ts4 ,x is possible t cabnix2 a /air1 d[nw>d1 giv5 by ,h5d]son1 furni%es ! phonetic equival5t ( ! comp\nd "*4 ,^! six directions1 accord+ to ,dr ,j4 ,w4 ,fewkes1#beg-a 7 not$ by ! ,tusayan ,indians 9 "s ( _! religi\s c]emonies4 ,mr ,cu%+ says ! same ?+ is true 9 reg>d to "s ( ! ,zui c]emonies4 ,plate ,,lxvii1 #bd1 is a comp\nd "* f ,dres4 #ci;b1 bel[ :i* ! long-nose deity holds 9 8 h& a peculi> article 7,,lxvii1 #be71 z if1 says ,sel]1 p\r+ out ( a bottle4 ,t ! prefix has ! int]ior cross-hat*$ :5 complete appe>s f a numb] ( o!r places1 z1 = example1 9 ! upp] division ( ! same plate4 ,?is1 z h]et(ore /at$1 gives ! x or * s\nd4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t ! symbol1 omitt+ ! "r portion1 %\ld be int]pret$ xa*cab1 abrir de p> en p>1 or he*cab1 to op5 little by little1 to develop1 discov] x 7,h5d]son74 ,z ! "r portion has a "* resembl+ ! ,muluc symbol z its *ief elem5t1 & bel[ x ! u glyph1 we may translate x muyal1 cl\d4 ,?is w\ld give z ! mean+ ( ! entire symbol op5 ! cl\d--t is1 to p\r out ! ra94 ,z ?is is connect$ ) a ra9 s]ies1 & we see a simil> glyph 7?\gh ) diff]5t prefix7 on plate #ch;b1 :]e ! same deity is 9 ! mid/ ( a ra9 /orm & hold+ 9 8 h& a simil> object1 ! r5d]+ appe>s to be1 at lea/1 appropriate4 ,x is to be fur!r obs]v$ t ?is comb9$ ,caban & ,muluc symbol is f\nd frequ5tly 9 connection ) ra9 /orms & cl\d symbols4 ,accord+ to ! int]pretation giv5 ,,lxvii1 #bb & #bd1 ! comp\nd symbol %[n at #bf1 f ,dres4 #ce;b & #cd;b1 %\ld be r5d]$ ,yokcabil muyal1 ! cl\d above4 ,z we see 9 bo? places1 9 ! picture "u ! text1 ! loop$ s]p5t inclos+ wat]1 :i* ,dr ,sel] consid]s ! wat] sack or cl\d1 ?is int]pretation is appropriate4 ,z fur!r confirmation ( ! int]pretation giv5 ,,lxvii1 #bb1 att5tion is call$ to ! picture 9 ,tro4 #cb99;c ov] :i* ! same symbol is f\nd4 ,"h ! allusion is d\btless to ! basket-l cov]+ ov]1 or above1 ! black deity ly+ on a mat4 ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,day ,maya1 edznab or ezanab2 ,tz5tal1 *9ax2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 tihax2 ,zapotec1 gopaa2 ,nahuatl1 tecpatl4 ,! =m ( ! symbol ( ?is day v>ies b little 9 ! codices1 z %[n by plate ,,lxvii1 #bh-ca4 ,x is seldom f\nd 9 ?is =m 9 comb9ation4 ,if its equival5t is giv5 9 ^!1 x is ( ! =m %[n 9 #cc4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 occasionally se5 on articles ( /one1 z ! spe>po9t 7#cb7 & /one hat*et 7#cd7 & sacrificial knife4 ,x also appe>s 9 ! symbol = ! /one mort> 7#cf7 f ,tro4 #ai;c4 ,be=e discuss+ its signification & probable orig9 we w give ! significations :i* h be5 sugge/$ ( ! diff]5t names ( ! day4 ,! signification ( ! ,nahuatl "n--tecpatl--is fl9t4 ,dr ,br9ton says1 especially ! fl9t-/one knife us$ 9 sacrific+1 to cut ! victim4 ,dr ,sel] f9ds agreem5t 9 ! ,tz5tal "n f a /atem5t1 by ,nuez de la ,vega1 t ! symbol *9ax1 or r ! tutel>y god ( ! same1 0 a great w>rior1 :o 0 always repres5t$ 9 ! cal5d>s ) a bann] 9 8 h&1 & t he 0 sla9 & burn$ by ! nagual ( ano!r hea!n symbol4 ,dr ,br9ton /ates t ! "n is an old or sacr$ =m ( ! usual zni-nax1 'knife4' ,! lit]al mean+ ( ! ,cak*iquel tihax is1 accord+ to ,xim5es1 x bites1 scrap+ 7mu]de rasg&o74 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 affirms t ,xim5es 7) :at au?ority he kn[s n7 gives obsidian z ! mean+4 ,he ?9ks ! ^w is relat$ to ! root teuh1 cold--tih-ih1 to be cold--) :i* may be comp>$ ! words tic1 to /ick 91 prick2 tiz1 to /it*1 & tiztic1 po9t$4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,zapotec "n1 gopa1 gopaa1 or opa1 ! au?ors nam$ diff] q widely1 ,dr ,sel] d]iv+ x f rogopa1 cold1 & ,dr ,br9ton sugge/+ t x is m likely a v>iant ( guipa1 a %>p po9t or edge1 :5ce ! ^w = /one knife1 gueza-guipa1 f guia1 /one4 ,! ,maya "n1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to be readily br\ght into h>mony ) ! o!rs4 ,dr ,sel] simply rem>ks t x may be relat$ to ! root e1 firm1 rigid1 h>d4 ,pio ,p]ez (f]s no explanation4 ,dr ,br9ton sugge/s t x is a figurative expression = ! sacrificial knife1 f nab1 some?+ ano9t$1 or blood1 & edz1 to adju/1 to po9t1 to %>p54 ,!re c be no "q t ! articles 9 ! codices on :i* ! trembl+ cross is f\nd consi/s1 9 mo/ in/ances1 if n all1 ( /one4 ,h5ce x is a reasonable conclusion t ! prim>y signification ( ! symbol is /one4 ,! ,zotzil "n = fl9t 7p$]nal7 is zuiton4 ,i am incl9$ to believe t ! symbol is d]iv$ f a conv5tional =m us$ = indicat+ /one or fl9t1 probably f ! cracks or fissures 9 x4 ,i am n prep>$ yet to discuss ! some:at simil> figures :i* assume ! =m ( ! ,/ ,an?ony cross4 ,v>i\s int]pretations1 z symbol = union1 night sun1 etc1 h be5 giv54 ,h[ev]1 z ?is =m is nev] us$ z a day symbol1 x has no direct relation to ! pres5t discussion4 ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,day ,maya1 cauac2 ,tz5tal1 cahogh2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 caok1 cook2 ,zapotec1 ape1 appe1 aape2 ,nahuatl1 quiahuitl4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( ! symbol ( ?is day are %[n 9 plate #cg-dh--t by ,l&a at #cg2 ^? ( ! ,troano & ,cortesian codices at #ch-dc1 & ^? f ! ,dresd5 ,codex at #de-dg4 ,! irregul> =m giv5 at #dd is f ,tro4 #bh;d1 & t at #dh f ! ,p]esianus4 ,?is symbol is f\nd q frequ5tly 9 comb9ation ) o!r *>act]s1 9 "s ( :i* its phonetic value c be asc]ta9$ ) reasonable c]ta9ty4 ,= example1 x =ms ! l[] half ( ! symbol = ! mon? ,yax1 z se5 at ,,lxiv1 #ab2 also 9 ! symbol = ! mon? ,zac 7,,lxvi1 #dh74 ,9 bo? ^! in/ances its *ief phonetic elem5t appe>s to be ! guttural s\nd k1 or ks4 ,! ess5tial elem5ts are also f\nd frequ5tly on objects :i* are und\bt$ly ( wood & :]e no reasonable explanation c be giv5 except t x signifies wood 9 ^! places4 ,= example1 x is f\nd on :at appe> to be bo>ds c>ri$ 9 ! h&s ( individuals1 on ,tro4 #cb99;b 7,,lxvii1 #di72 & x also is se5 on :at appe> to be wood5 boxes or gums f :i* ! honeycomb is be+ remov$1 z ,tro4 #e99;c & #i99;a4 ,dr ,sel]1 :o gives q a diff]5t int]pretation ( ! "* f t pres5t$ "h1 admits t ^! are bo>ds4 ,x is also f\nd on trees1 z ,tro4 #ae99;a 7%[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #a7 & #ag99;a1 & ,dres4 #bf;c1 #bg;c1 & #bh;c4 ,x is m>k$ on ! walls ( h\ses or canopi$ seats1 z ,tro4 #f;b1 #bi99;c1 & #ah99;b4 ,"u ! la/ m5tion$ we obs]ve ! cab symbol1 %[+ t x is a build+ plac$ on ! gr\nd & n on a /one f\ndation4 ,x also appe>s on ! ends ( beams1 z at ,tro4 #i;a & #bb99;a4 ,true1 ,dr ,sel] cont5ds t ^! are /ones in/ead ( weight poles1 b ,i ?9k all trapp]s w decide aga9/ him4 ,aga91 x appe>s on seats 7,tro4 #ac;a & #ad99;a7 & also m>k$ on heads1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #b4 ,t ! symbol is n int5d$ to indicate ! diff]5t articles on :i* x is f\nd is evid5t2 h5ce x mu/ be giv5 to d5ote ! sub/ance ( :i* ^! ?+s are =m$1 :i* ,i ma9ta9 c only be wood4 ,t ! trees & bo>ds mu/ be wood is admitt$2 t ! walls ( _m ( ! h\ses & ( "s ( ! o!r build+s ( ,yucatan 7 ( wood mu/ be admitt$2 t seats 7 (t5 ( wood is well kn[n4 ,! heads ) ?is m>k are 9 all probability repres5tations ( wood5 masks4 ,masks are repres5t$ 9 ! h&s ( individuals at sev]al places 9 ! codices1 z ,dres4 #db7a7;a & 9 ,p]esianus4 ,i !re=e conclude t 9 all ^! cases ! symbol is to be int]pret$ by *e1 *eil1 wood1 tree1 timb]1 /ick4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! explanation giv5 "h & t by ,dr ,sel]1 ,i copy ! latt]3 ,we f9d1 = in/ance1 on ! "o h& ! und\bt$ application :i* is connect$ ) ! idea ( cl\d or ra94 ,?us1 9 ! hi]oglyph1 figure #hj1 ! accompany+ hi]oglyph ( figure #df1 i4 e41 ! bird ,moan4 ,s also ! "o 9 figure #bh 7p4 #ajg7 ! accompany+ hi]oglyph ( ! "n ,k9*ahau1 :i*1 besides cauac1 conta9s fur!r ! elem5t ( fire & t ( ! hat*et1 :i* may rem9d u ( ! ray or fla% d>t+ f ! cl\d4 ,! hi]oglyph cauac is1 h[ev]1 us$ f> m commonly 9 ! s5se ( /one or heav9ess4 ,?is is mo/ cle>ly %[n 9 ! case ( ! animal figures pictur$ 9 ,cod4 ,tro4 #i;a & #bb99;a1 :]e ! /one laid ^u & weigh+ d[n ! horizontal beam is repres5t$ by ! elem5t cauac4 ,b ?is explanation mu/ be accept$ also1 because we f9d ! pyramidal f\ndation ( ! temple cov]$ ) ! elem5t cauac4 ,& :]e1 9 ,cod4 ,tro4 #ae99;a1 to ! ,*ac :o is fell+ a tree is oppos$ ! dea? god1 also fell+ a tree1 cov]$ by ! elem5t cauac1 x is cle> t "h !re is sub/itut$ ) ! dea? god a rigid /one 9 place ( :at ) ! ,*ac is a spr\t+ tree4 ,! num]\s cases 9 :i* ! hi]oglyph cauac s]ves z a seat or foot/ool ( ! gods are sometimes easily int]pret$ z signify+ cl\ds1 b 9 ! majority ( cases x und\bt$ly repres5ts /one1 homolog\s to ! hi]oglyph caban & ! elem5t tun1 /one1 itself 7figure #he71 bo? ( :i* are f\nd equally (t5 d5ot+ ! seat & foot/ool ( ! gods4 ,x is equally evid5t t 9 ! hi]oglyph figure #hd1 9 :i* !re is indicat$ ! be>+ ( a burd5 on ! back1 ! elem5t cauac is to be und]/ood simply z ! expression ( ! weight1 ! burd54 ,9 ! peculi> cases :]e we see ! gods hold+ a bo>d provid$ ) ! elem5ts ( ! "* cauac1 or :]e a bo>d is plac$ be=e ! gods1 furni%$ ) a plait$ h&le ^: side be>s ! elem5t cauac1 ! latt] seems to relate to a s\nd+ bo>d1 = ! accompany+ hi]oglyphs seem to signify music4 ,f9ally1 !re c be f\nd a direct homology betwe5 ! elem5t cauac & ! elem5t tun4 ,?is is se5 9 ! hi]oglyph ( ! hunt+ god ( figure #hc1 ^: di/+ui%+ m>k is usually an eye or ! elem5t tun 7i4 e41 a preci\s /one71 :i* he he>s 9 ! front ( ! headdress4 ,! hi]oglyph ( ?is god is writt5 sometimes z 9 figure #ha1 sometimes z figure #hb4 ,& t ! elem5t "h1 :i* 9 figure #hb replaces ! elem5t cauac1 is to be und]/ood 9 fact z tun or /one1 preci\s /one1 is evid5t1 on ! "o h& f ! application ( ! preci\s /one 9 ! headdress 7tun1 pi$ra1 pi$ra preciosa71 &1 on ! o!r h&1 f its use z ! base ( ! pole on :i* ,mam1 ! ,uayeyab demon1 is set up dur+ ! xma kaba k9 7,cod4 ,dres4 #be;c74 ,n[1 x is true t a connection ( ideas c be e/abli%$ ) consid]able c]ta9ty betwe5 cl\ds1 ra91 & /one1 = 9 t region e ra9 0 a ?und]/orm4 ,b at ! same "t x w be f\nd compreh5sible t a b>ri] ( d\bt 0 remov$ :5 ,i discov]$ 9 ! c\rse ( my ,zapotec /udies t 9 ,zapotec ! same ^w 0 us$ = ra9 & /one1 namely1 quia1 quie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxviii ,,copies ,,( ,,glyphs ,,f ,,! ,,codices ,accord+ to ! explanation ,i h giv5 above1 ! *ief phonetic elem5t ( ! "* is ! guttural s\nd k1 ks 7or x71 & *4 ,z additional evid5ce t5d+ to confirm ?is conclusion1 ! foll[+ examples are giv53 ,symbols #fa1 ,,lxv1 f ,tro4 #bb99;a1 & #fb1 f ,dres4 #a 7#db71 h already be5 expla9$1 ! fir/ z signify+ kutz or cutz1 ! turkey1 & ! second tzac1 ! "n ( a c]ta9 fi% f\nd 9 ! s5otes4 ,9 ! fir/ 7#fa7 ! fir/ or left-h& "* is our ,cauac symbol & has ! k s\nd1 & ! same symbol =ms ! "r portion 9 ! second 7#fb7 & also has ! k s\nd4 ,9 ,,lxvi1 #dg1 f ,dres4 #ah;c1 ! ,cauac symbol =ms ! fir/ or upp] portion4 ,! :ole comp\nd symbol1 z above %[n1 may be consi/5tly int]pret$ cu*pa*1 a port] or c>ri]2 lit]ally1 "o :o be>s on ! back4 ,aga9 we see ! k s\nd giv5 ! "* is consi/5t4 ,! symbol = ! mon? ,ceh1 z f\nd 9 ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 is %[n at ,,lxvi1 #dd4 ,9 ?is ! la/ or l[] portion is also ! ,cauac "*1 &1 accord+ to ! value assign$ x1 %\ld h a h>d] s\nd ?an ! simple aspirate4 ,t su* is ! case is r5d]$ probable by ! fact t ,h5d]son gives ceh & kez bo? z names ( ! mon? & z ,maya words = de]4 ,9 ! ,zotzil *igh is ! "n = de]4 ,x is !re=e app>5t t ! symbol has "h ! guttural s\nd4 ,! glyphs 9 ,,lxvii1 #ej & #ea 7,cort4 #ba71 probably signify night & ev5+2 ! fir/ 7#ej71 akab1 night1 & ! second 7#ea71 kank91 "o signification ( :i*1 accord+ to ,h5d]son1 is ev5+4 ,! w+-l app5dage is probably a "t det]m9ative4 ,^! la/ int]pretations are ( c\rse giv5 ) "s d\bt4 ,h[ev]1 ?is may be said 9 _! favor1 t w+-l app5dages are usually atta*$ to "t symbols1 & t ! figures bel[ ! text repres5t p]sons1 ea* ( :om c>ries :at appe>s to be a :eel1 possibly l ^? us$ 9 keep+ "t1 & ! ma9 "* ( ! prec$+ symbol 9 bo? cases is ! ,manik glyph1 hav+ * z its *ief phonetic elem5t & *ack9il1 signify+ h\rs1 :eel4 ,precisely ! same symbol z ,,lxvii1 #ea1 prec$$ by ! ,manik glyph1 & a :eel 9 ! h& ( ! p]son figur$ bel[ ! text1 is se5 9 ,troano #ce;d4 ,! "* %[n 9 ,,lxvii1 #eb1 f ,tro4 #ce;c1 may possibly be correctly r5d]$ by bakah 7baakal71 to roll r\nd ab\t1 to g r\nd ab\t1 allud+ to ! flight ( ! vulture figur$ bel[ ! text4 ,?is supposition appe>s to be /r5g!n$ by ! probable int]pretation ( ! symbol imm$iately bel[ x 7,,lxvii1 #ec71 malaalahah1 )\t repeat$ buffet+s4 ,! "* giv5 9 ,,lxviii1 #c1 f ,tro4 #ca;a1 may be int]pret$ pak1 to s[ se$1 to plant1 & t %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #d1 f ! second division ( ! same plate1 indicates ! same ^w1 z ! transposition ( ! p>ts ( a symbol does n always indicate a *ange ( signification4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 its equival5t may be capak1 to rese$ or s[ se$ ! second "t1 or kapak1 to place 9 a tr5* or hole4 ,z ! p]sons figur$ bel[ ! text appe> to be plant+ se$ by dibbl+ !m 9 ) a /ick1 ?is w\ld seem to be an appropriate r5d]+4 ,dr ,sel] appe>s to h entirely misund]/ood ^! figures1 z he ?9ks !y repres5t ! deities p\r+ out wat]4 ,i h 9 a previ\s "p ( ?is pap] giv5 "s reasons = believ+ t ^! plates ref] to ! plant+ & cultivation ( corn4 ,^! examples w suffice at ?is po9t4 ,x is difficult to decide z to ! orig9 ( ! glyph4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am incl9$ to believe x has gr[n out ( a conv5tional symbol = wood1 possibly drawn f ! little knots & m>ks se5 on ! inside surface ( split wood4 ,?is may be wide ( ! true explanation1 b all ! indications ,i c f9d po9t 9 ?is direction4 ,z wood 7lea7 9 ,zotzil 7,i d n "k :at x is 9 ,tz5tal7 is ci--equal to ki or qi--we obta9 ! guttural s\nd :i* appe>s to be ! *ief elem5t ( ! symbol4 ,9 its use x appe>s to %ade (f f ! h>d to ! s(t s\nd4 ,! ,zapotec "n ape1 :i*1 accord+ to ,dr ,br9ton1 may prop]ly be translat$ by lightn+1 or ! lightn+ fla%1 is mu* l ! "n = fire :i* prevails ?r\gh\t ,oceanica4 ,comm5c+ ) ! ,malay api1 we trace x ?r\gh ! ,oceanic isl&s 9 su* =ms z api1 lap1 yap1 nap1 yaf2 to ,new ,zeal& kapura2 ,tonga & ,samoan afi1 & ,hawaiian ahi4 ,9 ! ,zapotec words la>i-api-niza & ri-api-laha1 translat$ relampage1 relampague>1 we f9d precisely ! orig9al =m ( ! ,oceanic ^w = five4 ,,! ,,tw5tie? ,,day ,maya1 ahau2 ,tz5tal1 aghual2 ,qui*e-,cak*iquel1 hunahpu2 ,zapotec1 lao or loo2 ,nahuatl1 xo*itl4 ,! symbol = ?is day1 except :]e evid5tly imp]fectly drawn1 is subject to b few & slight *anges1 t giv5 by ,l&a correspond+ to ! =m f\nd 9 ! codices4 ,! usual & correct =m is %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #e-g2 slight v>iations are se5 9 ,,lxviii1 #h & #i4 ,dr ,sel] figures sev]al o!r v>ieties1 b z ^! are f plates ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex1 :]e ! symbol is 9 columns1 :]e !y are evid5tly ha/ily made1 )\t any attempt to h m ?an "o or two 9 a column complete1 !y are n giv5 "h4 ,! "* repres5t$ 9 ,,lxviii1 #aj1 is f ! ,tikal inscription1 & t 9 ,,lxviii1 #aa1 f ! ,pal5que ,tablet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,lxix ,,%ell ,,be>+ ,,maya ,,glyphs ,?is %ell1 on :i* are engrav$ sev5 ,maya hi]oglyphs1 0 f\nd 9 ,belize & c\rte\sly s5t to ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology by ,sir ,alfr$ ,moloney1 ,gov]nor ( ,briti% ,honduras4 ,! %ell is "h figur$ = ! purpose ( plac+ x be=e /ud5ts ( ,c5tral ,am]ican paleography,,tn-#c ,! ,maya & ,tz5tal names signify k+1 "l1 sov]eign4 ,! d]ivation ( ! ^w has be5 expla9$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,brasseur expla9s x by ! "l ( ! coll>1 ah-au1 z does ,dr ,br9ton2 ,/oll gives "l ( ! cultivat$ l&s1 f ! ,ixil1 avuan1 to s[4 ,dr ,sel]1 h[ev]1 is dispos$ to d]ive ! "n f ! mascul9e prefix ah & u9ic or v9ak1 man4 ,8 me?od ( rea*+ ?is conclusion is z foll[s3 ,= ! ,tz5tal ^w aghual1 /&+ p>allel ) ! ,maya ahau1 :i* d\btless corresponds to ! ab/ract =m ahaual ( ! ^w ahau1 is to be ref]r$ r to a primitive =m avu1 a'ku1 ahu1 ?an to ahau4 ,9 ! ,tz5tal ,pat] ,no/] :i* ,pim5tal gives1 we f9d ! phrase to u come ,?y k+dom 7,?y dom9ion7 express$ by ! words aca taluc te aguajuale4 ,! primitive mean+ ( ahau is c]ta9ly man1 "l1 & ! two roots ( simil> significance1 ah & vu 7see u9ic1 v9ak1 man7 seem to concur 9 ?is ^w4 ,he expla9s ! ,qui*e-,cak*iquel hunahpu by hun1 "o1 & ahpu "l ( ! bl[pipe1 or bl[pipe %oot]4 ,dr ,br9ton translates x ! ,"o ,ma/] ( ,p[]4 ,he br+s ! ,mexican "n into h>mony by r5d]+ x ! fl[] ( ! day--t is1 ! sun2 & ! ,zapotec by r5d]+ x eye1 mean+ ! eye ( ! day--i4 e41 ! sun4 ,:5 we attempt to br+ ! symbol ( ! day into h>mony ) ! ,maya "n1 we enc\nt] a difficulty :i* c be ov]come only by foll[+ a diff]5t l9e f t sugge/$ by ,dr ,br9ton or ,dr ,sel]4 ,t ! "* %[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #ab1 is ! symbol = ! c>d9al po9t ea/1 :i* 9 ,maya is lik91 is n[ g5]ally admitt$1 & t ! l[] portion is ! symbol = k91 day or sun1 is also admitt$4 ,we are !re=e ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ! upp] portion1 :i* is ! ,ahau symbol1 /&s = li1 & t l is its consonant elem5t4 ,if ,l&a's second l 7%[n 9 ,,lxviii1 #dc7 is turn$ "p way r\nd1 x w be se5 t x is a r\gh attempt to draw ! ,ahau symbol4 ,if a c>eful /udy is made ( 8 l's z giv5 9 8 li/1 & 8 example ( spell+ le1 & ( ! simil> *>act]s 9 ! codices1 x w be se5 t bo? 8 l *>act]s are d]iv$ f ! same orig9al4 ,= example1 ! "* %[n 9 ,,lxv1 #fj1 f ,tro4 #bb99;a is precisely ! comb9ation :i* ?is au?or translates le1 a sn>e1 or to sn>e4 ,by ref]r+ to ! plate x w be se5 t x is foll[$ by ! "* 7,,lxv1 #fa7 :i* we h int]pret$ kutz1 turkey1 & t 9 ! picture bel[ ! text !re is a lasso$ turkey4 ,x is app>5t1 !re=e1 t bo? ^! =ms are us$ sometimes = words ( :i* l is ! *ief phonetic elem5t1 & t ! p>allelogram & two int]ior dots are ! ess5tial elem5ts4 ,! day symbol is ( less frequ5cy 9 comb9ation ?an ! o!r =m1 b x sometimes occurs4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be di/+ui%$ f ! closely alli$ p symbol h]et(ore allud$ to4 ,f :at has be5 %[n 9 reg>d to ! symbol x w\ld seem1 if consid]$ phonetic1 t ! orig9al day "n x 0 int5d$ to repres5t conta9$ l z its *ief consonant elem5t4 ,if ikonomatic1 ! "n ( ! ?+ indicat$ _h l z its *ief elem5t4 ,i ?9k !re c be little d\bt t ! symbol1 z has be5 sugge/$ by o!rs1 0 tak5 f ! full face1 ! c5tral d\ble l9e repres5t+ ! nose1 ! two op5 dots ! eyes1 & ! circle bel[ ! m\?4 ,n[1 accord+ to ,full]'s ,zapotec ,vocabul>y1 ! "n = face is lu1 :i* is ! ,zapotec "n ( ! day4 ,z has be5 /at$1 ,dr ,br9ton ?9ks ! ,nahuatl & ,zapotec names ref] to ! sun1 & he is incl9$ also to believe t ! rul] or sov]eign ref]r$ to by ! names ( ! ,maya dialects is ! sun4 ,i ?9k we may re/ assur$ t ! symbol ( ?is day 0 d]iv$ f ! full face1 & t ! ^w 7= face7 x 0 int5d$ to indicate _h l z its *ief phonetic elem5t--possibly f lec1 br[1 front1 =ehead4 ,if d]iv$ f ! face1 its use z a day symbol1 & 9 num]\s comb9ations1 proves beyond "q t x is phonetic 9 ! true or 9 ! rebus s5se4 ,,footnotes3 #bje-a ,/udy ( ! ,manuscript ,troano1 pref41 p4 viii4 #bje-b ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,wa%+ton1 ,july1 #ahic4 #bjg-a ,! plates are designat$ by ,roman num]als1 & ! figures by ! ,arabic numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 etc4 ,h5ce ,,lxiv1 #a1 signifies figure #a ( plate ,,lxiv2 ,,lxiv1 #b1 figure #b ( plate ,,lxiv1 etc4 #bjh-a ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,july1 #ahic1 p4 #bed4 #bjh-b ,!re appe>s to be mu* confusion among writ]s :o h ref]r$ to ?is subject 9 reg>d to ! ,black ,deities ( ! codices4 ,dr ,br9ton's rem>ks on ?is subject 9 8 late "w1 ,a ,prim] ( ,mayan ,hi]oglyphics1 does n cle> up ! confusion4 ,app>5tly he has n discov]$ t q a numb] ( ^! are m]ely black figures ( well-recogniz$ deities n ?us usually color$4 ,x appe>s also1 judg+ by 8 /atem5ts1 t ,dr4 ,br9ton has fail$ to id5tify ! *>act]i/ics by :i* ! diff]5t deities ( ?is class are to be di/+ui%$4 ,dr ,s*ellhas1 9 8 excell5t pap] ,die ,gott]ge/all5 d] ,maya ,h&s*rift51 fails also to prop]ly di/+ui% betwe5 ^! deities4 ,dr ,sel]1 ^: pr(\nd /udies h ?r[n mu* light on ! ,maya hi]oglyphs1 fixes q satisfactorily ! *>act]i/ics ( "s ( ^! deities1 yet he conf\nds o!rs :i* %\ld h be5 sep>at$4 #bji-a ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim] ( ,mayan ,hi]oglyphics1 p4 #ic7 claims to h discov]$ t ?is hi!rto suppos$ vessel is1 9 reality1 a drum4 ,z ! f\r 7,cort4 #bg;a7 are )\t any accompanim5ts to indicate _! use z drums1 & z ea* has above x "o ( ! c>d9al po9t signs1 !re is no?+1 unless x be ! =m1 to lead to ! supposition t !y are drums4 ,9 ! same division ( ! two prec$+ & ?ree foll[+ pages we see vessels ( diff]5t k9ds repres5t$4 ,9 ! l[] divisions pages #bi & #cj1 are vessels some:at ( ! same elongate1 cyl9drical =m1 borne on ! backs ( individuals2 & also 9 ! l[] division ( page #dj are f\r tall cyl9drical vessels1 9 ea* ( :i* ! arm ( a deity figure is ?ru/4 ,?is section is copi$ 9 ,dr ,br9ton's "w ) ! subscript ,! b5efic5t gods draw f _! /ores4 ,additional pro(1 if any is ne$$ to %[ t ^! are vessels1 is f\nd 9 ! ,tro4 ,codex4 ,on plates #f99 & #g99 are tall cyl9drical vessels ) ! same inv]t$ ,v m>ks on !m2 moreov]1 "o ( !m has ! upp] portion m>g9$ by ! same too?-l projection z ^? 9 ! ,cortesian plate4 ,t ^! are vessels ( "s k9d is app>5t f ! use ! pictures %[ is made ( !m4 #bji-b ,see ,brasseur's lexicon "u bacab1 also ! m5tion bel[1 "u ! day ,ik1 ( f\r vessels4 #baj-a ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 p4 #aae4 #baj-b ,a ,/udy ( ! ,manuscript ,troano1 pp4 #hj & #ef4 #bad-a ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ,g4 ,b4 & ,i41 ,novemb]1 #ahhi1 p4 #aba4 #bad-b ,ibid41 #ahhe1 p4 #aii4 #bad-c ,polynesian ,race1 vol ,i1 pp4 #ge-gg4 #bad-d ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,taylor1 ,te-,ika-a-,maui2 ,london1 #ahgj4 #bae-a ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,july1 #ahic1 pp4 #bfc-bfd4 #baf-a ,hi/oria de los ,mexicanos1 z quot$ by ,br9ton4 #baf-b ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,july1 #ahic4 #bag-a ,cong4 ,int]4 des ,am]icani/es1 ,actes de la ,cu>ta ,reunion1 ,madrid1 #ahha1 tom4 #b1 pp4 #agc-agd4 #bai-a ,prim] ( ,mayan ,hi]oglyphics1 p4 #aae4 #bbj-a ,am]ican ,h]o ,my?s1 p4 #bbb4 #bbj-b ,names ( ! ,gods 9 ,ki*e ,my?s1 p4 #bb4 #bbc-a ,f\r? ,ann4 ,rep4 ,bur4 ,e?4 7#ahhb-hc71 p4 #bch4 #bbc-b ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 etc1 vol4 ,i1 pl4 #ea1 ,no4 #aj1 p4 #cfj4 #bbd-a ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,july1 #ahic1 pp4 #beh-bei4 #bbd-b ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim]1 etc1 p4 #ic7 expla9s x z ! symbol ( a drum4 ,he rem>ks t 9 a m highly conv5tionaliz$ =m we f9d !m 9 ! ,cod4 ,troano ?us giv+ plate ,,lxiv1 #ea1 :i* has be5 expla9$ by ,p\sse1 ,?omas1 & o!rs z mak+ fire or z gr9d+ pa9t4 ,x is obvi\sly ! dzacatan1 :at ,i h call$ ! 'pott]y decoration' ar\nd ! figures1 %[+ t ! body ( ! drum 0 e>!nw>e4 ,yet 7p4 #acj & fig4 #ge7 ,dr4 ,br9ton expla9s ?is id5tical gr\p or p>agraph z a repres5tation ( ! process ( mak+ fire f ! friction ( two pieces ( wood4 ,x seems to mo cle> t ?is glyph repres5ts some?+ 9 ! picture1 & n ! p]sonage1 z !re is a special glyph = ?is4 ,a comp>ison ( ! gr\ps 9 ! two divisions ( ?is plate 7,tro4 #ai7 & plates #e & #f b ( ! ,dresd5 ,codex %[s t ! glyph ref]s to ! "w or action indicat$ by ! pictures4 ,t x ref]s to some?+ 9 or indicat$ by ! pictures1 & t no drum is figur$1 w1 ,i ?9k1 be admitt$ by mo/ /ud5ts ( ^! codices4 #bbe-a ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim]1 p4 #aag7 errs 9 reg>d+ ! sup]fix to ?is glyph z ! k9 or sun symbol4 #bbg-a ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim]1 p4 #aaj7 says ! object repres5t$ by ?is symbol is a poli%$ /one1 %ell p5dant1 or bead4 ,?is au?ority consid]s ! dot or eye 9 ! upp] "p z a p]=ation by :i* x 0 /rung on a cord4 ,if ?is be true1 x is /range t we see !m n[h]e 9 ! codices /rung on /r+s1 ?\gh necklaces are frequ5tly repres5t$2 & t we d see !m pil$ up 9 vessels1 see !m putt+ =? %oots & leaves1 & see birds & quadrup$s dev\r+ ?orn4 ,dr ,br9ton himself 7p4 #abc1 ,e4 ,no4 #bi7 gives "o ( ^! spr\t+ kan symbols1 :i* he says is a picture ( ! maize plant f ,cod4 ,tro41 p4 #bi4 ,t x is n us$ ikonomatically "h is evid5t1 z kan 9 ,maya is n a "n = maize or gra9 ( maize4 #bcb-a ,fir/ ,ann4 ,rep4 ,bur4 ,e?n41 p4 #chf4 #bcb-b ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim]1 p4 #fe7 says3 ,=m] /ud5ts h be5 unable to expla9 ?is design & sugge/s t x is a maggot4 #bcb-c ,br9ton foll[s ,brasseur 9 suppos+ x repres5ts ! grasp+ h&1 & ?9ks x is a rebus ( ma*1 asir1 tom> con los manos4 #bcf-a ,page #ff4 #bcg-a ,not)/&+ 8 def9ition giv5 above1 ,dr ,br9ton sugge/s 9 8 late "w t ! symbols ( ! day be> a close resemblance to "s ( ! sun signs4 #bch-a ,= explanation ( ! inclos$ comb-l *>act]s1 ,l&a's ca1 see ,six? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 page #cee4 #bci-a ,br9ton ?9ks t 9 "s ( ! =ms x indicates a trail or footpr9ts1 :i* are mean+s ( oc4 #bdj-a ,i 0 n aw>e t oc _h ! signification dog 9 any ( ! ,mayan languages1 nor d ,i f9d t ,sel] or ,br9ton appeal to ?is fact 9 _! ef=ts to expla9 ! day "n 9 ! ,maya cal5d>4 ,h[ev]1 ,dr ,br9ton rem>ks t ,brasseur & ,sel] ?9k t "s =ms ( ! symbol portray ! e>s ( a dog1 z 9 "s ( ! ,mayan dialects ! dog is call$ oc4 #bdj-b ,dr ,br9ton 7,prim]1 p4 #ie7 says t ?is is call$ an article ( food1 by ,?omas4 ,:ile ?is is correct 9 ! s5se t ,i speak ( ! turkey 7kutz or cuitz7 z food1 x is incorrect 9 giv+ ! impression t ,i int]pret ! symbol by article ( food1 z ,i h always int]pret$ x turkey4 #bde-a ,dr ,br9ton says x is ! face ( an old woman ) a peculi> po9t$ e>m>k4 #bdh-a ,br9ton says ! b5 symbol looks to him l a wood5 bridge1 ! two supports ( :i* are %[n & :i* 0 sometimes cov]$ ) a /raw mat4 ,if s1 x mu/ be %[n 9 pr(ile1 & ! hang+ m>ks above 7see ,,lxvi1 #af1 #ag1 #ai7 w\ld seem to be )\t signification2 moreov]1 9 ,,lxvi1 #ah1 ! supports hang f above1 :i* w\ld1 on ?is !ory1 imply a hang+ bridge4 #bej-a ,cong4 ,int]4 ,am]icani/es1 #ahha1 tom4 #b4 #bej-b ,dr ,br9ton says ! usual =m sugge/s scatt]$ gra9 husks1 ! ^w = :i* is xiix4 #beg-a ,j\r4 ,am4 ,e?4 & ,ar*41 ,,ii1 p4 #ch4 ,,app5dix ,a ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,deities ,,( ,,! ,,days ,,( ,,! ,,mon? ,,9 ,,! ,,maori ,,cal5d> 7,,aft] ,,taylor74 #a4 ,tane 0 ! p>5t ( ! tui1 ( birds 9 g5]al1 & trees4 #b4 ,ru1 ! fa!r ( lakes & riv]s4 #c4 ,rupe1 ( ! pigeon4 #d4 ,tang>oa1 ( fi%4 #e4 ,iraw>u1 ( dogs4 #f4 ,nga rangi-hore1 ( /ones4 #g4 ,mauika1 ( fire4 #h4 ,maui1 ( ! l&4 #i4 ,mumuhanga1 ( ! ,tot>a2 also call$ ,tukau moana4 #aj4 ,p>uri1 ( ! ,tui bird4 #aa4 ,papa1 ( ! ,kiwi ,apt]ix ,au/ralis4 #ab4 ,owa1 ( ! dog2 he 0 also ! fa!r ( ,iraw>u4 #ac4 ,pahiko1 ( ! ,kaka4 #ad4 ,punga ,matua1 ( ! %>k 7tuat9i71 liz>d1 & tamuri ! snapp]-fi%4 #ae4 ,tute maona1 ( ! ,kahikatoa a plant s nam$4 #af4 ,h9a-moki1 ( ! rat4 #ag4 ,tuwairore1 ( ! ,kahikatea a c]ta9 tree & ,rimu a species ( p9e4 #ah4 ,ha]e-awa-awa1 ( ! ,weka a l>ge bird4 #ai4 ,rongo1 ( ! ,kum>a sweet potato2 also call$ ,rongomatane4 #bj4 ,tiki1 ( man4 #ba4 ,tute-nga-nahu1 ( evil4 #bb4 ,tahu1 ( all good4 #bc4 ,tawiri-matea1 ( ! w9ds4 #bd4 ,mokoikuw>u1 ( liz>ds4 #be4 ,otunai-rangi1 ( ! palm tree 7nikau7 & flax 7h>akeke74 #bf4 ,haumia1 ( ! f]n root4 #bg4 ,tomairangi1 ( dew4 #bh4 ,haupapa1 ( ice4 #bi4 ,hauhunga1 ( cold4 #cj4 ,te-apu hau1 fa!r ( /orm & tempe/s4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ^! are n ! names ( ! days1 b ( ! deities :i* preside ov] !m1 & ( ! ?+s :i* !y creat$ or ( :i* !y _h special c>e4 ,,index ,,aape1 see ,,ape4 ,,abagh day symbol discuss$ #bbi ,,acatl day symbol discuss$ #bde --1 mean+ ( #bbg ,,aghual day symbol discuss$ #bfb ,,ah day symbol discuss$ #bde ,,ahau & lamat symbols comp>$ #bce -- day symbol discuss$ #bfb ,,ahbuluc-,,balam1 a ,maya deity #bdd ,,ahmak day symbol discuss$ #beb ,,ak1 phonetic value ( #bbc ,,akab1 def9ition ( #bfa ,,akbal symbol 9 ,maya cal5d> #bba ,,ape day symbol discuss$ #bei --1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,appe1 see ,,ape4 ,,atl day symbol discuss$ #bcg --1 mean+ ( #bch ,,bakah1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,baklum-,,*aam1 a ,maya deity #bbe ,,balam day symbol discuss$ #bdh ,,bal*e1 a c]emonial dr9k #bec ,,balloo1 def9ition ( #beb ,,bat1 h[ reg>d$ by ,c5tral ,am]icans #bbe ,,batz day symbol discuss$ #bda ,,bee1 see ,,honey4 ,,be51 see ,,b54 ,,b5 symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bah1 #bde ,,b5el1 mean+ ( #bde ,,bird z a w9d symbol #bai -- symbols 9 ! codices #bai1 #bbj1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bea ,,black ,,deities ( ,maya codices #bjh ,,borgian ,,codex1 discussion ( symbols 9 #bab1 #bac1 #bai1 #bbb1 #bdd --1 e>? symbol 9 #bef --1 fl9t symbols 9 #bbh --1 sky symbol 9 #bbc ,,brasseur ,,de ,,b\rb\rg1 oc symbol int]pret$ by #bci --1 on def9ition ( ah #bde --1 on def9ition ( ahau #bfc --1 on def9ition ( *acyuc #bcc --1 on def9ition ( hok #bda --1 on def9ition ( lamat #bcf --1 on def9ition ( toh #bch --1 on def9ition ( tzac #bda --1 on d]ivation ( *u5 #bdc --1 on ,mexican my?ology #bba --1 on orig9 ( *ic*an symbol #bca --1 on ! akab-maax symbol #bjh --1 on ! bacab symbol #bji --1 on ! g]m symbol #bah --1 on ! manic day symbol #bcb --1 on ! lamat symbol #bdi ,,bre*ii1 mean+ ( #bbh ,,br9ton1 ,d4 ,g41 b5 symbol int]pret$ by #bdh --1 on drum symbol 9 ,maya codex #bji1 #bbd --1 on mean+ ( c]ta9 symbols #bac1 #bbg1 #bci1 #bej --1 int]pretation ( light symbol by #bcg --1 int]pretation ( oc symbol by #bci1 #bdj --1 ,maya & ,zapotec names h>moniz$ by #bcg --1 on def9ition ( ahau #bfc --1 on def9ition ( ahmak #beb --1 on def9ition ( ape #bfb --1 on def9ition ( aunahpu #bfc --1 on def9ition ( *ab #bec --1 on def9ition ( *9ax #beh-bei --1 on def9ition ( eb #bdd --1 on def9ition ( edznab #bei --1 on def9ition ( gua*e #bbg --1 on def9ition ( hix #bdi --1 on def9ition ( laa #bde --1 on def9ition ( lamat #bcf --1 on def9ition ( tecpatl #beh --1 on def9ition ( tox #bca --1 on def9ition ( uotan #bba1 #bbb --1 on d]ivation ( caban #bee --1 on d]ivation ( *ic*an #bcj --1 on d]ivation ( *u5 #bdc --1 on d]ivation ( gopa #bei --1 on d]ivation ( kanel #bcf --1 on d]ivation ( manik #bcd --1 on d]ivation ( muluc #bch --1 on maggot sign 9 ! codices #bbb --1 on ! black deities #bjh --1 on ! e*e day symbol #bdh --1 on ! f\r-w9ds symbol #bai --1 on ! ghanan symbol #bbf --1 on ! ,maya cal5d> #bje --1 on ! mon? "n zip #bee --1 on orig9 ( guilloo symbol #beb --1 on orig9 ( naa symbol #bea --1 on ! rabbit 9 indian my?ology #bcf --1 on ! t]m ni #bai --1 ,zapotec t]ms int]pret$ by #bah ,,bru% symbol ! codices #bdd ,,buluc-,,ahau1 a ,maya deity #bdd ,,burd5-,,be>] 9 ,troano codex #bej ,,ca symbol ( ,l&a #bdb ,,cab1 def9ition ( #bee -- symbol1 application ( #bje ,,caban symbol discuss$ #bje1 #bec1 #bed ,,cabnix1 def9ition ( #beg ,,cabr]a1 --1 on title ( a ,tz5tal manuscript #bbb ,,cacao symbol 9 ! codices #bcd4,,tn-#d #bch ,,cagh-,,b51 mean+ ( #bde ,,cahogh day symbol discuss$ #bei ,,cal5d>1 ,maori1 day deities 9 #bfe ,,calli day symbol discuss$ #bba --1 signification ( #bba ,,cama-,,zo',,tz 9 ,c5tral ,am]ican my?ology #bbe ,,camey day symbol discuss$ #bca ,,c day symbol discuss$ #bbi ,,canel day symbol discuss$ #bce ,,caok day symbol discuss$ #bei ,,capak1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,c>d9al po9ts1 birds symbolic ( ! #bbj --1 obs]v$ 9 c]emonies #beg --1 symbols (1 9 ! codices #bcd1 #bdb1 #beg1 #bfc -- w9ds symbolic ( #bcb ,,cauac day symbol discuss$ #bei ,,cav]n symbol 9 ,mexican pictography #bbc ,,cecelhu*ah1 mean+ ( #bbd ,,ceh symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bdi -- symbol discuss$ #bfa ,,*'1 phonetic value ( #bah1 #bbf ,,*',,ab1 mean+ ( #bec ,,*ab9 day symbol discuss$ #beb ,,*ac1 a ,maya ra9 god #bjh1 #bch -- def9$ #bbf1 #bea -- symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbe-bbf ,,*acbolay1 mean+ ( #bbf ,,*ack9il1 def9ition ( #bfa ,,*ampollion1 --1 ,egyptian negation sign$ by #bab ,,*an1 mean+ ( #bcj1 #bcb ,,*>nay1 ,,desir1 day symbol copi$ by #bjg --1 battlem5t$ /ructures figur$ by #bdf ,,*e1 def9ition ( #bfj ,,*eil1 def9ition ( #bfj ,,*i1 def9ition ( #bdc ,,*ic day symbol discuss$ #bed ,,*ic*an day symbol discuss$ #bbi1 #bch1 #bda ,,*i*1 phonetic value ( #bcc ,,*i*an1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,*igh1 mean+ ( #bcc1 #bfa ,,*ik91 mean+ ( #bcc -- symbol 9 ,maya codex #bbe ,,*illa day symbol discuss$ #bjg --1 mean+ ( #bac ,,*imalpopoca ,,codex1 int]pretation ( my?ic concept 9 #bba ,,*9a day symbol discuss$ #bcb ,,*9ax day symbol discuss$ #beh ,,*iribias1 a ,zapotec goddess #bee ,,*iylla1 see ,,*illa4 ,,*oah symbol 9 ,troano codex #bcd ,,*o*1 mean+ ( #bcg ,,*oco1 mean+ ( #bdb ,,*oi*1 mean+ ( #bcd ,,*olceh1 equival5t to xolke #bcc ,,*oo*1 mean+ ( #bcg ,,*uac symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbf ,,*uc1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,*u*1 significance ( #bbe ,,*u5 & akbal symbols comp>$ #bba1 #bbe -- day symbol discuss$ #bab1 #bda ,,*u5*e1 def9ition ( #bdc ,,*up1 mean+ ( #bec ,,*uuc1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,ci day symbol discuss$ #bbi --1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,cib day symbol discuss$ #bbd1 #beb ,,cimi symbol discuss$ #bca -- symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bej -- symbol 9 ,troano codes #bbi ,,cipactli symbol discuss$ #bjg1 #bab -- symbol 9 ,borgian codex #bac ,,clavig]o1 ,f4 ,s41 on signification ( ,mexican t]m #bdd ,,cl\d ,,symbols comp>$ #bbc -- 9 ! codices #bbb1 #beh ,,cohuatl day symbol discuss$ #bbi ,,color ,,symbolism 9 ! codices #bbc1 #bbh ,,comb-,,l ,,*>act]s 9 ,maya codex #bch -- 9 ,dresd5 codex #bdb ,,cook1 see ,,caok4 ,,cordova1 --1 on mean+ ( maga*e #bbh -- on mean+ ( quii-lana #bca-bcb ,,corn de/ruction 9 ,troano codex #bag --1 significance ( #bbh -- symbols 9 ! codices #baf1 #bbf1 #bdb ,,corn ,,god 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #baj1 #bag1 #bbi ,,cortesian ,,codex1 caban symbol 9 #bed --1 cauac day symbol 9 #bei --1 *u5 symbol 9 #bda --1 cimi symbol 9 #bca --1 discussion ( symbols 9 #bef1 #bfa --1 eb symbol 9 #bdc --1 ix symbol 9 #bdh --1 kan symbol 9 #bbi --1 muluc symbol 9 #bcg --1 oc symbol 9 #bci --1 phonetic elem5ts ( symbols 9 #bci ,,cosmogongy ( ! ,muyscas #bbj ,,cozcaquauhtli day symbol discuss$ #beb ,,cross symbol 9 ! codices #bcb1 #bei ,,cu*1 mean+ ( #bdg ,,cu*pa*1 mean+ ( #bej1 #bfa ,,cuetzpall9 day symbol discuss$ #bbf --1 mean+ ( #bbg ,,cuitz1 see ,,kutz4 ,,cumhu symbol 9 ! codices #bbh ,,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h41 on c>d9al po9ts 9 ,zui c]emonies #beg ,,cutz1 see ,,kutz4 ,,day deities 9 ,maori cal5d> #bfe -- names 9 ,maya & ,mexican cal5d>s #bjf -- ,,symbol 9 ,troano codex #bbb -- ( ! ,maya ye> #aii-bfe ,,dea? ,,god ( ! ,mexicans #bdc -- symbol z a day symbol #bca ,,de] symbol 9 ! codices #bcc1 #bcd ,,deities1 day1 9 ,maori cal5d> #bfe ,,dog-,,e> ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bci ,,dog-,,eye ,,symbol 9 ,mexican codices #bdb ,,dog ,,images1 sacrifice ( #baa ,,dog-,,l ,,animals 9 ! codices #bbf1 #bbi ,,dog ,,symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bdj -- 9 ,maya codex #bbi ,,dots connect$ ) ,maya glyphs #bbc1 #bbd1 #bce1 #bch1 #bda1 #bdc1 #bed ,,dresd5 codex1 ahau symbol 9 #bfc --1 akbal symbol 9 #bba --1 b5 symbol 9 #bde --1 bird symbols 9 #bbe1 #bea --1 burd5-be>]s symboliz$ 9 #bdg --1 caban day symbol 9 #bed --1 cauac day symbol 9 #bei --1 ceh symbol 9 #bdi --1 *ac symbol 9 #bbe-bbf --1 *u5 symbol 9 #bda --1 cib symbol 9 #beb --1 cimi symbol 9 #bca --1 discussion ( symbols 9 #bac,,tn-#e #bcc1 #bdj1 #bee1 #bfj1 #bfa --1 eb symbol 9 #bdc --1 ik symbol 9 #baf --1 ix symbol 9 #bdh --1 kan symbol 9 #bbi --1 long-nose deity 9 #beh --1 m5 symbol 9 #bej --1 mol symbol 9 #bbd1 #bch --1 muluc symbol 9 #bcg1 #bch --1 oc symbol 9 #bci --1 ,quetzal symbol 9 #bbd --1 s]p5t symbol 9 #bef --1 xul symbol 9 #bbe ,,drum ,,symbol 9 ,maya codex #bbd ,,dzacatan1 significance ( #bbd ,e day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,eagle ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bea ,,e>1 see ,,dog-,,e>4 ,,e>? symbol 9 ,borgian codes #bef ,,e>? ,,deity 9 ,troano codex #baf1 #bag ,,e>?mo!r symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bea ,,e>?quake symbol 9 ! codices #bee ,,eb day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,e*e day symbol discuss$ #bdh ,,edznab day symbol discuss$ #beh ,,ee day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,ehecatl day symbol discuss$ #bae1 #bai1 #bbj ,,elab day symbol discuss$ #bci ,,euob day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,exorcism repres5t$ 9 ,maya glyphs #bdh ,,eye1 dog1 symbol 9 ,maya codices #bdb -- 9 ,maya glyphs #bcg ,,ezanab1 see ,,edznab4 ,,fej]v>y ,,codex1 bird symbol 9 #bbj --1 ref]5ce to symbols 9 #bej ,,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w41 on c>d9al directions 9 c]emonies #beg ,,field ,,deities 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbf ,,fire ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bah1 #bai1 #bbd1 #beg ,,fi% ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bda1 #bfa ,,fl9t ,,symbols 9 ,borgian codex #bbh ,,=n&]1 --1 cit$ on ,hawaiian mon/]s #bad ,f,,r/emann1 ,e41 on significance ( c]ta9 glyphs #bej ,,fu5-,,leal ,,codex1 mon/]s pictur$ 9 #bad ,,full]1 ,e4 ,a41 on mean+ ( gu-lana #bca --1 on mean+ ( lu #bfd --1 on mean+ ( na-gut*i #bbh --1 on ,zapotec "n = w9e #bai ,,gatu1 see ,k',,at4 ,,ghanan day symbol discuss$ #bbf ,,gopa1 def9ition ( #bei ,,gopaa day symbol discuss$ #bdh1 #beh ,,grass symbol 9 ! codices #bdd ,,gtox1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,gua*e day symbol discuss$ #bbf ,,gue*e1 see ,,gua*e4 ,,gu,,la day symbol discuss$ #bba ,,gueza-,,guipa1 def9ition ( #bei ,,gui day symbol discuss$ #bae ,,guii day symbol discuss$ #bbi ,,guilloo day symbol discuss$ #beb ,,guipa1 def9ition ( #bei ,,guzman1 --1 on mean+ ( k'an #bbf ,,h& symbol 9 ! codices #bcb ,,hanuman1 a ,h9du monkey god #bba ,,hawaiian & ,c5tral ,am]ican l+ui/ic simil>ities #bcf -- & ,zapotec t]ms comp>$ #bfb -- my?ology1 mon/]s 9 #bad ,,hax1 mean+ ( #bcc ,,h*om symbol 9 ,dresd5 codes #bbe ,,h*uy1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,he>t figures 9 ,mexican codices #bah ,,he*cab1 see ,,xa*cab4 ,,h5d]son1 ,a41 an au?ority = pekokalil #bdh --1 on ,maya names ( ,v5us #bdi --1 on mean+ ( cabnix #beg --1 on mean+ ( cancan #bef --1 on mean+ ( ceh & kez #bdi1 #bfa --1 on mean+ ( *ac #bbf --1 on mean+ ( *acboay #bbf --1 on mean+ ( *i*an #bcj --1 on mean+ ( cib #bec1 #bed --1 on mean+ ( *oo* #bcg --1 on mean+ ( *uuc #bcb --1 on mean+ ( kan #bbh --1 on mean+ ( kank9 #bfa --1 on mean+ ( lemba #bcf --1 on mean+ ( manik #bcd --1 on mean+ ( moxan #bcd --1 on mean+ ( mul #bci --1 on mean+ ( pacoc #bdg --1 on mean+ ( pal #bec --1 on mean+ ( v>i\s ,maya t]ms #bdg --1 on mean+ ( xa*cab #beh --1 on mean+ ( xolke #bcc --1 on mean+ ( yokcabil #beg --1 on mean+ ( yulpol #baa --1 on phonetic value ( ak #bbc --1 on ! akabmax symbol #bjh --1 on ! *ucay symbol #baj --1 on ! t]m *u* #bbe ,,hi*1 phonetic value ( #bcc ,,h9du ,,my?ology1 mon/]s 9 #bad --1 w9d god 9 #bba ,,hix1 see ,,balam2 ,,ix4 ,,ho*1 phonetic value ( #bcc ,,hok def9ition ( #bda ,,hokol symbol discuss$ #bah ,,honey symbol 9 ,troano codex #bef ,,hoo*1 mean+ ( #bce ,,huck1 mean+ ( #bbd ,,humku symbol 9 ! codices #bbh ,,hunahpu day symbol discuss$ #bfb ,,hunapu1 9 ,c5tral ,am]ican my?ology #bbe ,,hurakan 9 ! ,popol ,vuh #bbj1 #bba ,,igh day symbol discuss$ #bae ,,ii1 see ,,quii4 ,,ik symbol 9 ,maya cal5d> #bae ,,imiz,,tn-#f symbol discuss$ #bjg ,,imox symbol discuss$ #bjg ,,itlan1 possible d]ivation ( #bde --1 see ,,malli-,,nalli4 ,,itzamna1 a ,maya deity #bdb1 #bea --1 elem5ts ( ! t]m #bbe ,,itzcu9tli day symbol discuss$ #bci ,,ix day symbol discuss$ #bdh ,,ix*eblyax1 a ,zapotec goddess #bee ,,ix*el1 a ,maya deity #bea ,,javanese1 my?ic birds ( ! #bbj --1 my?ic mon/]s ( ! #bad ,,kak symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bah ,,kan symbol discuss$ #bae1 #bbf1 #bdb ,,kanan1 see ,,kan4 ,,kancab1 def9ition ( #bef ,,kanel1 mean+ ( #bce --1 see ,,canel4 ,,kank91 def9ition ( #bfa -- symbol 9 ,maya codices #bda ,,kapak1 def9ition ( #bfb ,k',,at day symbol discuss$ #bbf ,k',,atic1 see ,k'at4 ,,kayab symbol1 use ( #bjf ,,ki1 def9ition ( #bjb ,,k9 symbol 9 ! codices #bcc1 #bce1 #bfc ,,k+sbor\gh1 ,"l1 skull glyph pictur$ by #bej ,,k9i*kakmo repres5t$ 9 ! codices #bah1 #bai1 #bdh ,,knife sign among ,indians #bcb ,,ku*1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,kukulcan1 elem5ts ( ! t]m #bbe ,,kutz1 def9ition ( #bfa -- symbol 9 ,troano codex #bdj1 #bfc ,,laa1 see ,,gui2 ,,quii4 ,,laala1 see ,,gui4 ,,la>i-,,api-,,niza1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,laba1 see ,,lapa4 ,,lamat1 & ceh symbols comp>$ #bdi -- day symbol discuss$ #bce ,,lambat day symbol discuss$ #bce ,,lana day symbol discuss$ #bca ,,l&a1 --1 ahau symbol giv5 by #bfb --1 b5 symbol giv5 by #bde --1 ca symbol giv5 by #bcd1 #bch1 #bdb --1 caban day symbol giv5 by #bed --1 cauac day symbol giv5 by #bei --1 *ic*an symbol giv5 by #bbi --1 cib symbol giv5 by #beb --1 cimi symbol giv5 by #bca --1 cit$ on ,buluc-,ahau #bdd --1 cit$ on ,maya sacrifices #baa --1 cu5 symbol giv5 by #bda --1 e symbol ( #bbd --1 eb symbol giv5 by #bdc --1 =m ( akbal symbol giv5 by #bba --1 i symbol giv5 by #bah --1 ik symbol giv5 by #bae --1 int]pretation ( symbols by #bfc --1 ix symbol giv5 by #bdh --1 kan symbol giv5 by #bbf --1 ku symbol giv5 by #bbd --1 lamat symbol giv5 by #bce --1 le symbol int]pret$ by #bdj --1 ma symbol giv51 by #baa --1 m5 symbol giv5 by #bej --1 muluc symbol giv5 by #bcg --1 o symbol giv5 by #bah1 #bbd --1 oc day symbol giv5 by #bci ,,lao day symbol discuss$ #bfb ,,lapa day symbol discuss$ #bce ,,le1 mean+ ( #bdj ,,lec1 mean+ ( #bfd ,,lem1 mean+ ( #bce ,,lemlaghet1 mean+ ( #bcf ,,liaa1 see ,,gui4 ,,light symbol 9 ! codices #bcg -- symboliz$ by ! rabbit #bcf ,,lightn+ ,,symbol 9 ! codices #baf1 #bbf1 #bcg1 #bdj1 #bfb ,,lik9 symbol 9 ,maya codices #bfc --1 mean+ ( #bce ,,liz>d symbolism ( ! ,maori #bbf ,,long-,,nose ,,god 9 ,maya codices #baj1 #bag1 #bea1 #beh ,,loo day symbol discuss$ #bda -- signification ( #bec1 #bed --1 see ,,guilloo2 ,,lao4 ,,ma1 mean+ ( #bcd ,,mac1 symbol = #bab ,,macaw symbol 9 ,maya codex #bch ,,maggot symbol 9 ! codices #bcb ,,mak-,,cab1 def9ition ( #beg ,,malaalahah1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,malay & ,zapotec t]m comp>$ #bfb -- my?ology1 mon/]s 9 #bad ,,mal9altepec symbol 9 ,mexican pictography #bdd ,,mall]y1 ,,g>rick1 on indian sign = knife #bcb --1 on mean+ ( c]ta9 h& symbols #bcb --1 on ,mexican cl\d symbols #bbc --1 on ! sign ( negation #bab ,,malli-,,nalli day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,mani-,,biici1 mean+ ( #bea ,,manik day symbol discuss$ #bcb1 #bfa --1 phonetic elem5t ( #bcg ,,maori1 corn introduc$ among ! #bbh -- day deities ( ! #bfe -- liz>d symbolism ( ! #bbf -- my?ic mon/]s ( ! #bad ,,mask$ symbols 9 ! codices #bfj ,,mat symbol 9 ! codices #bdf ,,maya1 day names ( ! #bjf -- ye>1 day symbols ( !1 memoir on #aii-bfe ,,mazatl day symbol discuss$ #bcb ,,m5 day symbol discuss$ #bej ,,m5doza codex1 corn symbol 9 #bbg --1 mat symbol 9 ! #bdf ,,meztitlan1 day symbol ( ! #beb ,,miquiztli day symbol discuss$ #bca ,,mol symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbd1 #bch ,,molo day symbol discuss$ #bcg ,,monkey 9 ,qui*e my?ology #bdc -- 9 ,mexican my?ology #bba -- ,,god ( ! ,h9du #bba ,,mon/]s 9 ,oceanic my?ology #bad ,,moon symbol 9 ,borgian codex #bbb ,,mox1 see ,,imox4 ,,moxic day symbol discuss$ #bcb ,,mox91 see ,,imox4 ,,muhul1 def9ition ( #bch ,,mul1 def9ition ( #bci ,,mulu1 see ,,molo4 ,,muluc symbol discuss$ #bcg -- symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #beh ,,muyal1 def9ition ( #beh ,,muyscas1 cosmogony ( ! #bbj ,,naa day symbol discuss$ #bej ,,na*an1 mean+ ( #bbb ,,naga*e1 mean+ ( #bbh ,,na-,,gut*i1 mean+ ( #bbh ,,nahuatl1 day names ( ! #bjf ,,nahui ,,olli day symbol discuss$ #bed ,,new ,,ye>1 ,mexican fe/ival ( ! #bdd ,,new ,,zeal& & ,c5tral ,am]ican l+ui/ic simil>ities #bcf -- & ,zapotec t]m comp>$ #bfb --1 see ,,maori4 ,,ni1 signification (1 9 ,maya #bai --1 see ,,gui4 ,,ni*ols1 ,,k]ry1 cit$ on ,maori mon/]s #bad ,,n9e ,,lords ,,( ,,! ,,night 9 ,borgian codex #bbc ,,niza day symbol discuss$ #bcg ,,noii day symbol discuss$ #bed ,,nu,,ez ,,de ,,la ,,vega1 ,bi%op1 on ,c5tral ,am]ican deity #bba --1 on ! *9ax symbol #beh ,,oc day symbol discuss$ #bch1 #bci ,,ocelotl day symbol discuss$ #bdh ,,o*1 mean+ ( #bda ,,ocquil1 mean+ ( #bda ,,ojibwa cl\d symbol #bbc ,,okcabil1 see ,,yokcabil4 ,,oll9 day symbol discuss$ #bed --1 mean+ ( #bee ,,oloh symbol discuss$ #bah ,,oquil1 mean+ ( #bda ,,oto*1 mean+ ( #bdg ,,ozomatli day symbol discuss$ #bda ,,pacez1 def9ition ( #bdg ,,pa*ah1 def9ition ( #bdg ,,pacoc1 mean+ ( #bdg ,,pak1 mean+ ( #bdg1 #bfb ,,pal1 signification ( #bec ,,pal5que tablet1 ahau symbol on #bfc --1 *u5 symbol on #bda --1 day symbol on #bjg --1 ik symbol on #bae --1 kan symbol on #bbf --1 lamat symbol on #bce ,,pan!r-,,l animals 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbf ,,p>rot symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bch ,,pax symbol ref]r$ to #bbi ,,pe*1 def9ition ( #bdg ,,pecuah symbol 9 ,maya codex #bbi ,,pek symbol 9 ,maya codex #bbi ,,pekokalil1 application ( t]m #bdh ,,pela-,,pillaana1 mean+ ( #bca ,,pe,,afiel1 ,a41 on ,mexican cav]n symbol #bbc --1 on symbolism ( zacatla #bdd ,,p]esianus ,,codex1 cauac day symbol 9 #bei --1 *u5 symbol 9 #bda --1 eb symbol 9 #bdc --1 ix symbol 9 #bdh --1 kan symbol 9 #bbf --1 oc symbol 9 #bci ,,p]ez1 ,,pio1 on mean+ ( *acbolay #bbf --1 on mean+ ( *ic*an #bcj --1 on mean+ ( *oah #bcd --1 on mean+ ( *o* #bcg --1 on mean+ ( *uc #bcb --1 on mean+ ( edznab #bei --1 on mean+ ( h*om #bbe --1 on mean+ ( hok #bda --1 on mean+ ( ikel #bbj --1 on mean+ ( kankanil #bbh --1 on mean+ ( lemba #bcf --1 on mean+ ( l5 #bce --1 on mean+ ( me*1 ixme* #bac --1 on mean+ ( pok*etah #bdg --1 on mean+ ( tok #bcb --1 on mean+ ( tzac #bda ,,phonetic value ( ,maya hi]oglyphs #bje,,tn-#g #bah1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bce1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bci1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdg1 #bdi1 #bec1 #bed1 #bee1 #beg1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bfc ,,phoneticism1 application ( t]m #bed ,,pija day symbol discuss$ #bdc ,,pim5tel1 ,f41 ,tz5tal pat]no/] giv5 by #bfc ,,pipil1 day symbol ( ! #beb ,,pisa1 ,,b>tolome ,,de1 on mean+ ( c]ta9 symbol #bdj ,,pok*etah1 def9ition ( #bdg ,,popol ,,vuh1 bat h\se m5tion$ 9 #bbe --1 my?ic bird m5tion$ 9 #bbj --1 ref]5ce to monkey 9 #bdc ,,p\sse1 --1 c]ta9 symbols int]pret$ by #bbd ,,priapus ( ! ,maya #bbe ,,pu*ah1 def9ition ( #bdg ,,purification symbol 9 ,troano codex #bcd ,,qi1 def9ition ( #bfb ,q-,,tox1 mean+ ( #bca ,,quau*tli day symbol discuss$ #bej ,,queh day symbol discuss$ #bcb ,,quetzal symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbd ,,queza1 see ,,niza4 ,,quiahuitl day symbol discuss$ #bei ,,qui*e-,,cak*iquel1 day names ( ! #bjf ,,qui*e my?1 ref]5ce to monkey 9 #bdc ,,quii day symbol discuss$ #bde ,,quii-,,lana1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,rabbit 9 ,indian my?ology #bcf -- symbol 9 ! codices #bce ,,ra9 ,,deity 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbf -- 9 ,troano codex #bag -- ( ! ,qui*e #bch -- ( ! ,mexicans #baf ,,ra9 ,,symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #beh -- 9 ,troano codex #bbb ,,ramirez1 --1 on ,mexican w9d & ra9 gods #baf ,,ri-,,api-,,laha1 def9ition ( #bfb ,,rogopa1 def9ition ( #bei ,,rosny1 ,l4 ,,de1 on ! lamat symbol #bdi ,,sacrifice ( dog images #baa ,,samoan & ,c5tral ,am]ican simil>ities #bcf -- & ,zapotec t]m comp>$ #bfb ,,s*ellhas1 ,p41 on corn symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbg --1 on dea? god symbol 9 codices #bdc --1 on orig9 ( c]ta9 ,maya symbol #bae --1 on ! black deities #bjh --1 on ! imix symbol #bjg1 #bjh --1 on w9d symbol 9 ! codices #bcb ,,sel]1 ,,edw>d1 ahau symbol figur$ by #bfb --1 discussion ( symbols by #bfj --1 int]pretation ( c]ta9 symbols by #baf1 #bah1 #bbc1 #bcc1 #beg --1 ,dresd5 codex glyphs int]pret$ by #beh1 #bfj --1 int]pretation ( kan symbol by #bbh --1 int]pretation ( muluc symbol by #bci --1 int]pretation ( oc symbol by #bci1 #bdj1 #bda --1 int]pretation ( ,troano figures by #bag --1 ,maya & ,zapotec names h>moniz$ by #bcg --1 mis9t]pretation ( symbols by #bfb --1 on c]ta9 bird-l figures #bai --1 on c]ta9 deity symbols #baj --1 on corn symbol on ,maya codices #bbg --1 on d]ivation ( *ic*an #bcj --1 on d]ivation ( gopa #bei --1 on d]ivation ( imox #bab --1 on d]ivation ( manik #bcd --1 on d]ivation ( muluc #bch --1 on d]ivation ( xoo #bee --1 on dot circle 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbc --1 on mean+ ( ahau #bfc --1 on mean+ ( ahmak #beb --1 on mean+ ( aunahpu #bfc --1 on mean+ ( c]ta9 cal5d> names #bdd1 #bde1 #bdh --1 on mean+ ( *illa #bac --1 on mean+ ( *u5 #bdc --1 on mean+ ( cib #bec --1 on mean+ ( oll9 #bee --1 on mean+ ( tecpatl #beh --1 on mean+ ( tihax #bei --1 on mean+ ( tox symbol #bca --1 on mean+ ( uotan1 votan #bba1 #bbb --1 on orig9 ( b5 symbol #bde --1 on orig9 ( c]ta9 ,maya symbol #bae --1 on sun symbols 9 ,borgian codes #bbb --1 on ! black deities #bjh --1 on ! cav]n symbol #bbc --1 on ! cayom symbol #baj --1 on ! *ac symbol #bjh1 #bbe-bbf --1 on ! *u5 symbol #bdb --1 on ! eagle glyph #bea --1 on ! e*e day symbol #bdh --1 on ! guilloo symbol #beb --1 on ! imix symbol #bjg1 #bjh1 #bji --1 on ! ix glyph #bej --1 on ! kan-imix symbol #baa --1 on ! lamat symbol #bce --1 on ,maya cal5d> #bje --1 on ! m5 symbol #bea --1 on s]p5t symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bef --1 on w9d symbol 9 ! codices #bcb ,,sel]1 ,,edw>d1 on ,xim5es' int]pretation ( c]ta9 t]ms #bbg --1 phonetcism,,tn-#h ( hi]oglyphs n accept$ by #bah1 #bbe ,,s]p5t figures 9 ! codices #bcj1 #bef -- 9 ,mexican pictography #bbc -- 9 ,tz5tal pictography #bbb --1 see ,,snakes4 ,,sew+ symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bcg ,,skull symbol 9 ! codices #bbc1 #bcb1 #bej ,,snakes1 see ,,s]p5t4 -- symbol 9 ,troano codex #bdg ,,/> ,,symbol 9 ,maya codices #bbb1 #bdi ,,/ev5s1 ,j4 ,l41 battlem5t$ /ructures figur$ by #bdf ,,/oll1 ,,otto1 on def9ition ( ahau #bfc --1 on signification ( vui* #bbh ,,/orm ,,god 9 ,h9du my?ology #bba ,,sun symbol 9 ! codices #bbb1 #bcc1 #bce ,,symbolism1 see ,,day ,,symbols4 ,,tahaitan & ,c5tral ,am]ican l+ui/ic simil>ities #bcf ,,tani:a1 a my?ic mon/] #bad ,,tax symbol1 phonetic value ( #bei ,,taylor1 ,,ri*>d1 cit$ on ,maori liz>d god #bad --1 on ,maori liz>d symbolism #bbf ,,tecolotl day symbol discuss$ #beb --1 def9ition ( #beb ,,tecpatl day symbol discuss$ #beh --1 mean+ ( #bbh ,,tecpila ,,nahuatl day symbol discuss$ #bed ,,tee-,,lao1 def9ition ( #bdj ,,tella day symbol discuss$ #bci ,,temetlatl1 see ,,teotl-,,itonal4 ,,teotl-,,itonal day symbol discuss$ #beb ,,tepeyollotl1 signification ( #bba ,,?omas1 ,,cyrus1 on day symbols ( ! ,maya ye> #aii-bfe ,,?und] god ( ! ,qui*e #bch -- symbol 9 ,mexican hi]oglyphs #baf ,,ti*1 mean+ ( #bcc ,,tig]-,,l ,,animal 9 ,mexican hi]oglyphs #bdd ,,tig] ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bdh ,,tihax day symbol discuss$ #beh --1 def9ition ( #bei ,,tikal ,,inscription1 ahau glyph 9 #bfc --1 ik symbol 9 #bae --1 lamat symbol 9 #bce ,,tlaloc1 a ,mexican god #bch -- symbol 9 ,borgian codex #bac -- symbol 9 ,troano codex #baf1 #bag ,,to*tli day symbol discuss$ #bce ,,toh day symbol discuss$ #bcg --1 mean+ ( #bch ,,tohil1 a ,qui*e deity #bch ,,tok1 mean+ ( #bcb ,,tonga & ,c5tral ,am]ican l+ui/ic simil>ities #bcf -- & ,zapotec t]m comp>$ #bfb ,,too-,,quixe-,,pillaana1 mean+ ( #bca ,,torture repres5t$ 9 ,troano codex #bbi ,,tox day symbol discuss$ #bca ,,tox-,,oghbil1 mean+ ( #bca ,,trege>1 ,,edw>d1 cit$ on my?ic wat] mon/]s #bad ,,troano ,,codex1 bird symbols 9 ! #bea --1 burd5 be>]s symboliz$ 9 #bdg --1 caban symbol 9 #bed --1 cauac day symbol 9 #bei --1 *ic*an symbol 9 #bbi --1 *u5 symbol 9 #bda --1 cimi symbol 9 #bca --1 corn god 9 #bbi --1 corn symbol 9 #bbg --1 discussion ( glyphs 9 #baf1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bcd1 #bef1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bfb --1 eb symbol 9 #bdc --1 edznab day symbol 9 #beh --1 ix symbol 9 #bdh --1 oc symbol 9 #bci --1 mat symbol 9 #bdf --1 pak symbol 9 #bdg --1 snake symbol 9 #bdg --1 symbolic figures 9 #bai ,,turkey ,,symbol 9 ! codices #bdj1 #bfa ,,tz'1 phonetic value ( #bah1 #bbe ,,tzac1 def9ition ( #bda ,,tzec1 symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bdb ,,tz5tal1 day names ( ! #bjf ,,tzi day symbol discuss$ #bci ,,tziclim1 def9ition ( #bdb ,,tziqu9 day symbol discuss$ #bej ,,tzoz symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbe ,,uah1 signification ( #bbi ,,und]world god 9 ,troano codex #bdc -- 9 ,troano codex #baf ,,uotan1 see ,,votan4 ,,vi55sis ,,codex1 eagle symbol 9 #bea ,,votan day symbol discuss$ #bba --1 significance ( #bba ,,vui*1 signification ( #bbh ,,:eel ,,glyph 9 ,troano codex #bfa ,,w9d1 effect (1 on maize crop #bag -- god 9 ,h9du my?ology #bba -- gods ( ! ,mexicans #baf -- 9 ,mexican my?ology #bba -- symbol 9 ! codices #bcb -- symbol 9 ,mexican hi]oglyphs #baf1 #bag1 #bai1 #bbb1 #bdi1 #beb -- symbol1 ! bird z a #bai ,,wood symbol 9 ! codices #bfb ,,xa*cab1 def9ition ( #beh ,,xan1 mean+ ( #bcd ,,xim5es1 --1 on def9ition ( ah #bde -- on mean+ ( c]ta9 ,maya t]ms #bbg -- on mean+ ( imox #bab -- on mean+ ( kanel #bce -- on mean+ ( tihax #bei -- on mean+ ( yiz #bdi ,,xipe1 a ,mexican dea? god #bdc ,,xo*itl day symbol discuss$ #bfb ,,xolke1 mean+ ( #bcc ,,xoo day symbol discuss$ #bed ,,xulah1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,xulbil1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,xulezah1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,xulub1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,xuulul1 mean+ ( #bbe ,,ya*e1 mean+ ( #bbh ,,yax & ceh symbols comp>$ #bdi -- symbol ( ! ,maya #baa ,,yaxk91 =m (1 discuss$ #bda -- symbol ( ! ,maya #baa ,,ye>1 ,maya1 day symbols ( ! #aii-bfe ,,yell[1 h[ repres5t$ 9 codices #bbh ,,yib1 signification ( #bed ,,yiz1 see ,,balam4 ,,ymix1 see ,,imix4 ,,yokcabil1 def9ition ( #beg -- ,,muyal1 def9ition ( #beh ,,zac & ceh symbols comp>$ #bdi --1 phonetic value ( #bei -- symbol dismiss$ #bej ,,zacatla symbol 9 ,mexican pictography #bdd ,,zaczuy1 a ,zapotec goddess #bee ,,zapotec & ,oceanic t]ms comp>$ #bfb --1 day names ( ! #bjf -- t]ms1 int]pretation ( #bah ,,zeek-,,cimil1 mean+ ( #bej ,,ziie day symbol discuss$ #bbi ,,zip1 explanation ( ! "n #bee -- mon? symbol 9 ! codices #bdi ,,zni-,,nax1 def9ition ( #bei ,,zoo symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbe ,,zotz symbol 9 ,maya hi]oglyphs #bbe ,,zo',,tzi-,,ha m5tion$ 9 ,popol ,vuh #bbe ,,zuiton1 def9ition ( #bei ,,zul symbol 9 ,dresd5 codex #bbe ,transcrib]'s ,note ,! table ( ,names ( ! days 9 diff]5t cal5d>s 0 orig9ally pr9t$ on two pages1 ) ! page break foll[+ ! l9e beg9n+ ,m54 ,! repeat$ column head+s h be5 omitt$ 9 ?is v]sion ( ! text4 ,! foll[+ errors & inconsi/5cies h be5 ma9ta9$4 ,misspell$ words & typographical errors3 ,page ,error ,,tn-#a #bjg ,*>ney %\ld read ,*>nay ,,tn-#b #bca ,qui*e ,cak*iquel %\ld read ,qui*e-,cak*iquel ,,tn-#c ,plate ,,lxix ,! f9al 4 is miss+ ,,tn-#d ,index ,cacao entry ,a 4 0 us$ in/ead ( a 1 ,,tn-#e ,index ,dresd5 entry ,discussion ( symbols1 comma miss+ aft] #bac ,,tn-#f ,index ,imiz entry ,imiz %\ld read ,imix ,,tn-#g ,index ,phonetic entry ,comma miss+ aft] #bje ,,tn-#h ,index ,sel] entry phonetcism %\ld read phoneticism ,! foll[+ ^w 0 inconsi/5tly spell$3 ,zotzil _/ ,zoztzil ,! foll[+ words _h inconsi/5t hyph5ation3 cross-hat*$ _/ cros%at*$ cu*-pa* _/ cu*pa* ,k9i*-kakmo _/ ,k9i*kakmo ,o!r inconsi/5cies3 ,! abbreviation ,dr is n usually foll[$ by a 4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! footnotes on pp4 #bjh & #bbd1 x ends ) a 4