,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ,,( ,,ar*itectural ,,illu/ration4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,m>*1 #ahie4 ,no4 #c4 ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,at ,,monreale1 ,,ne> ,,pal]mo1 ,,sicily4 ,! isl& ( ,sicily1 be+ 9 =m ne>ly an equilat]al triangle1 ) "o side fac+ t[>ds ,italy1 ano!r t[>ds ,greece1 & ! ?ird1 t[>ds ,africa1 0 a tempt+ field = conque/ to ! v>i\s nations surr\nd+ x4 ,x 0 successively ov]run by ! ,greeks1 ,c>?ag9ians1 & ,romans1 & lat]1 aft] ! ,*ri/ian era1 aga9 successively by ! ,byzant9es1 ! ,moors1 & ! ,normans4 ,almo/ all ( ! ar*itectural rema9s ( ! old] p]iods belong to ! "t ( ! ,greeks1 z nei!r ! ,c>?ag9ians nor ,romans left mu* to %[ = _! occupation ( ! isl&4 ,) ! exception ( occasional ru9$ examples surviv+ f ! "t ( ! ,dorian ,greeks :o coloniz$ ,sicily1 mo/ ( ! monum5ts n[ exi/+ belong to ! ,byzant9e1 ,s>ac5ic1 & ,romanesque p]iods4 ,z w\ld be natural to expect1 ! latt] influ5ces are n cle>ly sep>able "o f ano!r ei!r 9 "t or 9 locality4 ,!y ov]lap 9 all directions2 b 9 g5]al ! ,byzant9e1 :i* 0 ! e>lie/ & mo/ p[]ful elem5t1 is f\nd m /rongly m>k$1 & m frequ5tly on ! ea/ coa/4 ,x h[ev] =ms ! gr\ndwork & is ! ma9 +r$i5t ( all t foll[s4 ,! ,s>ac5ic "w1 :i* succe$s ! ,byzant9e 9 date1 f\nd a /rong] foo?old 9 ! ,s\?1 on ! coa/ ne>e/ ,africa2 & ! influ5ce ( ! ,normans appe>s 9 ! ,nor?4 ,e new race ( ma/]s 9 ?is frequ5t recurr5ce ( conque/ f\nd ! isl& already occupi$ by a v num]\s population ( extremely v>i\s orig94 ,! newcom]s c\ld d no m ?an add _! own =ms to ^? previ\sly 9 use2 ! consequ5ce be+ 9 e case a mix$ /yle1 conta9+ elem5ts d]iv$ f e portion ( ! inhabitants4 ,pal]mo1 be+ on ! nor!rn coa/1 has felt ! ,norman influ5ce /rongly4 ,its ar*itecture is pr9cipally ,romanesque 9 =m1 ) a g5]\s admixture ( ,byzant9e & ,s>ac5ic motives 9 detail & decoration4 ,exub]ance ( detail & weal? ( color are ! rule4 ,"u ! ,norman conqu]ors ! ,sicilians built z !y 7 direct$4 ,_! arts & _! civilization 7 sup]ior to ^? ( _! ma/]s1 & ! ,normans 7 app>5tly will+ to make use ( ?is sup]iority1 & m]ely adapt$ ! =ms ( decoration & me?ods ( con/ruction :i* !y f\nd "h 9 use to _! own ne$s & purposes4 ,! poly*romatic decoration ( ! build+s ( ?is neighborhood1 su* z ! int]iors ( ! ,capella ,palat9a & ! ca!dral at ,monreale1 ranks among ! mo/ successful1 if x be n ! mo/ successful1 "w ( its class n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is ?or\ghly ,ori5tal 9 "*1 al?\gh appli$ to build+s int5d$ = ,roman ritual4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great sup]iority ( ! ,moors 9 art & civilization1 n only to ! ,normans b to all ! o!r inhabitants at ! "t ( ! ,norman conque/1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 _m ( ! build+s ( ?is p]iod %[ v little ,norman influ5ce4 ,9 fact ! ,ori5tal "* is s extreme 9 "s in/ances1 su* z ! *ur* ( ,san ,giovanni degli ,eremiti1 t !re is v little to sugge/ t x 0 ,norman & int5d$ = ,norman uses4 ,! village ( ,monreale is situat$ on ! /eep m\nta9-side ab\t five miles to ! we/ ( & ov]look+ ! city ( ,pal]mo4 ,! ca!dral & ! cloi/]-adjo9+ x on ! s\? 7 bo? p>ts ( a ,b5$ict9e conv5t1 :i* is n[ mo/ly 9 ru9s4 ,!y 7 erect$ by ,k+ ,william ! ,second1 betwe5 ! ye>s #aagd & #aahb1 & ri*ly end[$ by him4 ,! plan ( ! ca!dral is t ( a basilica4 ,! fam\s cloi/]1 ) c\pl$ columns & clu/]s ( f\r 9 ! corn]s1 & ) a *>m+ f\nta9 & a sep>ate little squ>e ( cloi/]s ar\nd x1 z x 71 9 "o corn] ( ! op5 space1 is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ relics ( ,pal]mo4 ,9 arrangem5t x foll[s ! /yle univ]sal 9 ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean1 t is1 consi/+ ( a po9t$ arcade support$ by small b elegant columns ( ,cor9?ian design1 gr\p$ 9 pairs2 :ile 9 ! ,nor?1 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 a cloi/] is =m$ ( a s]ies ( unglaz$ w9d[s4 ,! columns surr\nd+ ! f\nta91 :i* un=tunately _c be se5 9 ! g5]al view giv5 9 ,plate ,,xx41 %[ ! ri*e/ decoration4 ,! %afts are ei!r pla91 ru/icat$1 or cov]$ ) patt]ns execut$ 9 relief or mosaic4 ,!re appe>s to be "s d\bt z to ! date ( ?is "w1 z ! columns h evid5tly be5 ins]t$ s9ce ! ar*es :i* spr+ f !m 7 built4 ,! discrepancy w be se5 9 ,plates ,,xviii41 ,,xix41 & ,,xx4 ,! disproportion ( ! da9ty columns & capitals to ! heavy ar*es :i* are entirely 9 keep+ ) ! ar*itecture ( ! re/ ( ! ca!dral1 b :i* manife/ly d n fit ! columns1 leads to ! conclusion t ! columns 7 a lat] addition1 al?\gh probably ins]t$ soon aft] ! o!r "w 0 complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xvii4 ,capitals f ! ,cloi/] ( ,monreale1 ,sicily4 ,,xvii4 ,,capitals ,,f ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4 ,! hybrid "* ( ?is "w w be p]fectly evid5t at a glance4 ,x pla9ly belongs to none ( ! /yles ( ! ,nor?1 b nev]!less has a di/9ct "* & unmi/akable *>m4 ,! use ( mosaic orig9ally plac$ 9 ! *annels ( ! %afts add$ greatly to ! decorative effect & air9ess ( ^! columns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xviii4 ,capitals f ! ,cloi/] ( ,monreale1 ,sicily4 ,,xviii4 ,,capitals ,,f ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4 ,a common device 9 mo/ ( ! ,romanesque cloi/]s = add+ int]e/ to ! long colonnade 0 ! gr\p+ ( two columns ( dissimil> design4 ,?is plan is foll[$ "h 9 treat+ ! mosaic inlay v]tically 9 "o & horizontally 9 ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xix4 ,capitals f ! ,cloi/] ( ,monreale1 ,sicily4 ,,xix4 ,,capitals ,,f ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4 ,! design ( ! capitals %[n 9 ?is plate foll[s ! ,cor9?ian model v closely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xx4 ,! ,cloi/] ( ,monreale1 ,sicily4 ,,xx4 ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4 ,9 a lat] numb] ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ano!r view ( ?is mo/ *>m+ build+ w be giv54 ,! portion surr\nd+ ! f\nta91 ) its gr\ps ( f\r clu/]$ columns1 is1 9 _m respects1 ! mo/ beautiful portion ( ! /ructure ,?is w be tak5 up lat]4 ,rav5na ,capitals4 ,) ! reign ( ,con/ant9e1 & ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity z ! ackn[l$g$ religion ( ,rome1 ,byzant9e art1 z su*1 made its appe>ance4 ,! culture ( ,rome 0 transf]r$ to ,byzantium1 h5ce=? to be kn[n z ,con/ant9ople4 ,gov]n$ alt]nately by ,greek & by ,p]sian1 x _h receiv$ a /rong ,ori5tal "* f ! ,ea/]n nations1 & _h add$ to ! ,greek subtlety & delicacy ( expression ! ,ori5tal love ( detail4 ,:5 conv]t$ by ,con/ant9e into ,new ,rome1 x became a p]fect treasure h\se ( ,ea/]n & ,grecian art4 ,! ,byzant9e "w1 :i* spread ov] ! ,ea/ 9 ! six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? c5turies1 is !re=e a union ( ! ref9em5t ( ! ,greek1 ! desire = color & detail ( ! ,ori5tal1 & ! vigor ( con/ructional inv5tion & conception ( mass & gr&eur ( ! ,roman4 ,a portion ( x 0 transplant$ to ,rav5na dur+ ,ju/9ian's reign1 & !re is a glori\s aft]gl[ 9 ! ,v5etian spl5dor ( ! t5? & elev5? c5turies4 ,! ?ree great c5tres ( ,byzant9e art "w are ,con/ant9ople1 ,rav5na1 & ,v5ice2 & ! ?ree mo/ not$ examples1 ! *ur*es ( ,/a4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,vitale1 & ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,ap>t f ^!1 ! ca!dral at ,monreale1 & ! ,capella ,palat9a 9 ,pal]mo1 ,sicily1 repres5t a v>iation f ! ,byzant9e type affect$ by ,moslem design4 ,f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e to t ( ,ju/9ian1 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 is a p]iod ( =mation4 ,"u ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 ,byzant9e art rea*$ its height4 ,prom95t among its factors is ! use ( mosaic1 ! influ5ce ( :i* spread insidi\sly ?r\gh its :ole sy/em1 until 9 ! lat] "w ! cornices & entablatures ( classic design )]$ into long ?9 l9es ( m\ld+2 projections :i* di/urb$ ! effect ( color by ! %ad[s !y ca/ 7 disc>d$2 v\ssoirs disappe>$ "u a mosaic veil2 surfaces resolv$ !mselves into broad expanses ( inf9itely v>i$ tones1 b\nd$ by n>r[ b /rongly contra/+ b&s & bord]s ( m>ble4 ,all ornam5t _h resolv$ itself into surface decoration1 or z ne>ly t z possible4 ,9 #eci ,belis>ius took ,rav5na 9 ! "n ( ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 & to celebrate ?is ev5t ,ju/9ian decid$ to erect a magnific5t monum5t 9 ! city4 ,he *ose to replace1 by a m important /ructure1 ! small *ur* d$icat$ to ,s4 ,vitale1 & built by ,non 9 ! reign ( ,!odoric4 ,! wond]ful basilica ( ,/a4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople 0 j complet$1 & ! novelty ( its plan & imm5se effect ,produc$ by its dome1 a me?od ( con/ruction entirely novel 9 ,roman ar*itecture1 d\btless excit$ ! admiration ( ! ,emp]or & l$ to ! adoption ( a simil> plan = ,s4 ,vitale4 ,s4 ,vitale #ah by no means a copy ( ,/a4 ,sophia1 b unque/ionably 0 /rongly influ5c$ by x4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #edj1 & consecrat$ 9 #edg4 ,x is octagonal 9 plan1 ) an inn] /ructure ( eight l>ge pi]s1 arrang$ 9 a circle1 connect$ by ar*es :i* support a p5d5tive dome4 ,foll[+ ! cu/om !n 9 vogue1 its int]ior is incru/$ ?r\gh\t ) elaborate mosaics 9 a weal? ( color4 ,! mo/ elaborate design & ri*e/ color is us$ 9 ! apse1 :i* 0 ! c5tre ( display 9 all ,byzant9e *ur*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxi4 ,capital f ! ,apse ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,vitale1 ,rav5na1 ,italy4 ,,xxi4 ,,capital ,,f ,,! ,,apse ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,vitale1 ,,rav5na1 ,,italy4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ *>act]i/ic capitals ( ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,its =m & decoration are bo? typical ( ! /yle4 ,! flat treatm5t ( ! int]lace ( ! v9e motive is v g5]ally us$1 & c be se5 9 great v>iety 9 ,s4 ,vitale & else:]e4 ,! ornam5t is "h enri*$ ) gold & color4 ,9 ! d\ble capitals ( ,rav5na ! upp] memb]1 or cu%ion1 is usually ornam5t$ ) symbolic designs drawn f v>i\s s\rces1 bo? ,pagan & ,*ri/ian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxii4 ,capital f ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,vitale1 ,rav5na1 ,italy4 ,,xxii4 ,,capital ,,f ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,vitale1 ,,rav5na1 ,,italy4 ,"h aga9 is ! rhomboidal d\ble capital ( a mu* m sev]e design ?an t ( ! prec$+ plate1 b ) a rem>kable delicacy & ref9em5t ( treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxiii4 ,capital f ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,vitale1 ,rav5na1 ,italy4 ,,xxiii4 ,,capital ,,f ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,vitale1 ,,rav5na1 ,,italy4 ,?is is a mean betwe5 ! two extreme types %[n 9 ,plates ,,xxi4 & ,,xxii4 ,9 all ^! examples ! treatm5t ( ! angles %\ld be not$4 ,/rong conf9+ l9es1 ) a di/9ct upw>d t5d5cy ( ! ornam5t1 contra/$ ) ! flat sides1 contribute mu* to ! good effect ( ^! capitals z con/ructive memb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxiv4 ,capital 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,accademia di ,belle ,arti1 ,rav5na1 ,italy4 ,,xxiv4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,accademia ,,di ,,belle ,,arti1 ,,rav5na1 ,,italy4 ,:e!r ?is capital 0 orig9ally int5d$ = ,s4 ,vitale or "s ( ! o!r *ur*es ( ,rav5na we _c /ate1 b at all ev5ts x is a fitt+ companion = ! o!rs illu/rat$ 9 ?is numb]4 ,! ,bro*ure ,s]ies ( ,ar*itectural ,illu/ration4 ,,publi%$ ,,mon?ly ,,by ,,bates ,,guild1 #f ,,beacon ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,subscription ,rates p] ye> #ej c5ts1 9 advance4 ,special ,club ,rate = five subscriptions #b4jj4 ,ent]$ at ! ,bo/on ,po/ ,(fice z ,second-class ,matt]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an illu/rat$ catalogue has come to be "o ( ! important features ( exhibitions ( ar*itectural draw+s1 & ^! catalogues are n[ exce$+ly valuable records ( rec5t progress 9 ar*itecture4 ,! contributions ( ! pres5t ye> to ?is dep>tm5t ( an ar*itect's libr>y are especially notable4 ,( ! catalogues :i* h come to our notice1 t ( ! ar*itectural exhibition at ! ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,philadelphia is 9 po9t ( illu/ration ! mo/ complete1 & %[s ! mo/ judici\s selection ( mat]ial4 ,9 ?is !re 0 a m>k$ endeavor to give z l>ge a numb] ( geometrical draw+s z possible1 & x is unque/ionably a move 9 ! "r direction4 ,! desire = ! picturesque1 :i* has be5 until rec5tly ! rul+ motive ) ,am]ican ar*itects1 has _h its day1 & tra9$ & cons]vative design]s h gradually tak5 ! place ( ! pyrote*nic draughtsman ( ! pa/4 ,! *ange has be5 work+ gradually to be sure1 b scale & detail draw+s bo? 9 ! exhibitions1 :i* ( necessity are int5d$ to appeal to a m or less popul> ta/e1 & 9 ! pr(essional j\rnals are f ye> to ye> gr[+ m prom95t4 ,9 _! recognition ( ?is t5d5cy1 ! ,philadelphia catalogue committee are to be highly comm5d$4 ,! same tr5d may be obs]v$ 9 a little less m>k$ degree 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,league catalogue4 ,! exhibitions ( ! ,league h = ye>s be5 ! models by :i* m9or exhibitions h be5 rul$1 & its catalogue has be5 a guide to all o!rs4 ,z usual !re is a great deal ( valuable & int]e/+ mat]ial pres5t$ 9 its illu/rations4 ,! ,catalogue ,committee ( ! ,/4 ,l\is exhibition h made a dep>ture f ! g5]al rule1 & increas$ ! size ( _! pages1 all[+ ! use ( mu* l>g] plates4 ,9 "s ( ! draw+s ?is is a di/9ct advantage1 & _! catalogue ga9s 9 consequ5ce4 ,! ,bo/on ,society ( ,ar*itects & ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club w hold a jo9t exhibition 9 ,april1 & _! catalogue n[ promises to be a v cr$itable publication4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! rec5t draughtsm5's competitions1 ,bo/on has be5 m ?an ord9>ily =tunate4 ,! m$al 9 bo? ! competitions ( ! ,society ( ,beaux-,arts ,ar*itects has come to ,mr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,mann1 ( ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 & a numb] ( ! fir/ & second m5tions h also come to ,bo/on4 ,9 fact1 ne>ly if n q all ! designs s5t f ,bo/on h receiv$ "s recognition at ! h&s ( ! jury4 ,a complim5t>y d9n] has be5 arrang$ = by ! ,m4 ,i4 ,t4 ,ar*itectural ,society 9 honor ( ! w9n]s ( ! la/ competition4 ,! annual competition = ! ,ar*itectural ,league gold m$al1 :i* 0 aw>d$ to ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,wright1 also result$ 9 add+ ano!r victory to ! cr$it ( ,bo/on draughtsm54 ,int]e/ 9 ^! conte/s is n purely local1 h[ev]1 = ,philadelphia1 ,ro*e/]1 & sev]al o!r cities h furni%$ contributors & %>$ ! honors4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,l4 ,duhr+1 ,jr41 ( ,philadelphia1 0 aw>d$ ! ,ar*itectural ,league silv] m$al4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fulfill+ ! beque/ ( ! late ,ar?ur ,rot* leav+ #e1jjj to ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club1 ?is sum has be5 paid to ! treasur] ( ! club by ! executors ( ,mr4 ,rot*'s e/ate4 ,! income only is to be exp5d$ 9 ! pur*ase ( books to =m an ar*itectural libr>y4 ,?is is only "o ( _m indications t ! ar*itectural clubs ( ! c\ntry are recogniz$ z p]man5t & e/abli%$ in/itutions4 ,) ! spread ( ?is feel+ _! influ5ce w gr[ 9 importance1 & z ! work+ f\ndation ( ! pr(ession !y des]ve all ! enc\ragem5t t c be giv5 !m4 ,! ,clevel& ,ar*itectural ,club4 ,!re are none ( ! n[ num]\s ar*itectural associations ( ! c\ntry :i* c m des]v+ly congratulate !mselves ^u ! e>ly success ( _! fir/ few mon?s ( exi/5ce ?an ! ,clevel& ,ar*itectural ,club1 :i* 0 organiz$ on ! #bb;d ( la/ ,novemb]1 & is n[ only f\r mon?s old4 ,its orig9al memb]s1 fifte5 9 numb]1 met 9 ! (fice ( ,messrs4 ,coburn ,b>num1 & "h ! meet+s = ! few succe$+ weeks 7 also held4 ,x soon became evid5t t a wide field ( usefulness 0 op5 to ! new organization1 & a p]man5t location ( its own w\ld become necess>y4 ,su* a location 9 ! he>t ( ! city1 ) all necess>y conv5i5ces1 0 f\nd 9 ! ,g>field ,build+1 & ! new rooms h be5 prop]ly fitt$ up = ! use ( ! club4 ,) ! purpose ( mak+ ! influ5ce ( its "w z f>-rea*+ z possible1 ! re/riction :i* has commonly be5 appli$ 9 o!r simil> clubs1 limit+ ! memb]%ip to ar*itects & draughtsm51 or at lea/ limit+ ! numb] ( non pr(essional memb]s1 has be5 entirely done away )1 & any "o :o may h an int]e/ 9 ar*itecture or ! alli$ arts is eligible = memb]%ip4 ,:at w be ! effect ( ?is arrangem5t x rema9s = ! future to decide4 ,9 "s ( ! old] clubs x has be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! pr(essional memb]%ip 0 ov]balanc$ & its "w imp$$ by a too l>ge non-pr(essional elem5t1 & ! pr(essional l9es h be5 closely drawn 9 consequ5ce4 ,! "w ?us f> ent]$ ^u is mode/ b ( an important "*1 & if pursu$ ) ! e>ne/ purpose :i* has m>k$ ! fir/ few mon?s w lead to a fruitful future4 ,( ! mon?ly competitions 9 design ! "o = ,m>*1 ! subject ( :i* is a s*eme = ! public build+s ( ,clevel&1 has attract$ consid]able att5tion1 & ! public exhibition ( ! designs w d\btless lead to pr(itable discussion outside ! club4 ,a plan :i* we believe has n be5 adopt$ "h1 b :i* has be5 ! means ( awak5+ consid]able int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( design 9 ! clubs ( ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 & ,bo/on1 might possibly be foll[$ to advantage4 ,9 ! ,janu>y numb] ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ! competitions in/itut$ by ! ,society ( ,beaux-,arts ,ar*itects 7 outl9$4 ,( c\rse ) all ! numb]less calls ^u 8 "t1 ! av]age draughtsman does n h ! leisure to prop]ly /udy & r5d] ! draw+s requir$ 9 ^! competitions2 b by ! jo9+ ( =ces f\r or five1 or ev5 m1 m5 c easily "w out su* a problem1 & 9 "s respects ! advantages to be ga9$ are great] ?an is ! case :5 an individual works alone4 ,sev]al l>ge tables c be provid$ 9 ! club-rooms1 & ! problem work$ up z a club design4 ,?is plan has be5 foll[$ 9 ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club ) great success4 ,! /udy ( academic design is ( ! utmo/ importance to ! "y ar*itect1 & un=tunately ! opportunities = su* /udy 9 ! usual r\t9e ( (fice practice are n v ext5sive4 ,! work+ out ea* season ( two or ?ree su* designs z ^? requir$ by ! ,beaux-,arts ,society w be ( mat]ial b5efit to ! old] m5 :o are already famili> ) ! academic me?ods ( design1 & ( mu* m b5efit to ! y\ng] m5 ^: opportunities h be5 m limit$4 ,! criticism & sugge/ion ( ! old] m5 9 ! pr(ession is easily obta9$ :ile ! "w is 9 progress4 ,no?+ c\ld be bett] calculat$ to fo/] a c]ta9 esprit de corps1 :i* is c]ta9ly a desirable quality 9 any club4 ,! p]sonnel ( ! ,clevel& ,club is z foll[s3 ,b5j4 ,s4 ,hubbell1 presid5t2 ,h>ry ,s4 ,nelson1 vice-presid5t2 ,h]b]t ,b4 ,briggs1 secret>y2 ,p]ley ,h4 ,griff91 libr>ian2 ,e4 ,e4 ,noble1 treasur]2 ,w4 ,d4 ,b5es & ,wilbur ,m4 ,hall1 memb]s ( ! executive bo>d4 ,! (fic]s & ,rob]t ,all51 ,fr$]ick ,baird1 ,j4 ,w4 ,russell1 ,g4 ,b4 ,bohm1 ,willi>d ,hir%1 ,ray ,rice1 ,alb]t ,e4 ,skeel1 & ,c4 ,s4 ,s*neid] con/itute ! *>t] memb]%ip4 ,books4 ,*ur* ( ,sancta ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople3 ,a ,/udy ( ,byzant9e ,build+4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,le?aby & ,h>old ,swa9son4 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahid4 #cjg pages ) illu/rations4 #f4ej4 ,x seems especially fitt+ t a notice ( ,mr4 ,le?aby's "w on ! *ur* ( ,/a4 ,sophia1 or z he calls x ,sancta ,sophia1 %\ld appe> 9 ! same issue ) ! beautiful ,byzant9e capitals f ,rav5na1 :i* we publi% ?is mon?4 ,9 ! description ( ?is "w f ,rav5na1 on ano!r page1 ! connection is po9t$ out betwe5 ,con/ant9ople1 ! capital ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,rav5na1 !n ! ,we/]n capital4 ,! "w be=e u is an important & exhau/ive /udy1 bo? ar*itecturally & hi/orically1 ( ?is beautiful build+1 :i* ,mr4 ,van ,brunt has call$ ! c5tral build+ ( ! _w4 ,no?+ has ev] be5 done 9 enri*+ int]iors :i* approa*es 9 spl5dor ! be/ "w ( ! ,byzant9e build]s1 & ,/a4 ,sophia1 by g5]al cons5t1 is ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*es2 b its ext]ior is by no means )\t faults1 & its claim = di/9ction w\ld fall if support$ only by ?is4 ,! book takes up 9 ord] ! hi/ory ( ,/a4 ,sophia1 ) citations ( v>i\s au?orities = /atem5ts conc]n+ its e>ly hi/ory2 acc\nts ( ! v>i\s vicissitudes ?r\gh :i* x has pass$2 its con/ruction1 light+1 details1 mosaics1 etc41 all c>efully & consci5ti\sly describ$1 ! descriptive portion bas$ on a pa9/ak+ /udy ( ! build+ itself4 ,! illu/rations :i* accompany ! text are num]\s & excell5t2 !re is no attempt to furni% illu/rations at l>ge scale1 :i* are already accessible 9 ,salz5b]g4 ,! monum5tal "w ( ,salz5b]g1 :i* has be5 ! ar*itect's ref]5ce book = ,/a4 ,sophia1 is ref]r$ to & l>gely quot$ f4 ,! two articles by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,van ,brunt & ,pr(4 ,a4 ,d4 ,f4 ,haml91 publi%$ 9 ,! ,ar*itectural ,review1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 ,no4 #e1 & ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,no4 #b1 w be f\nd ( consid]able int]e/ 9 connection ) ,mr4 ,le?aby's book4 ,club ,notes4 ,:5 9 our ,janu>y issue x 0 ann\nc$ t we %\ld devote a c]ta9 am\nt ( space & att5tion to ! ar*itectural clubs ( ! c\ntry1 we _h no idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ^! organizations _h develop$ )9 ! la/ ye> or two4 ,! "w ( a few ( ! old] clubs 0 famili> to u1 b x is a surprise to f9d t ne>ly e city ( importance 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has an active & fl\ri%+ society ( draughtsm5 & "y ar*itects4 ,x may be well to sugge/ "r "h t any city :i* has n su* an organization %\ld look to its laurels4 ,among ! new] accessions to ! ranks is ! ,baltimore ,ar*itectural ,club4 ,x is =tunate 9 be+ able to />t ) a /rong1 if limit$ memb]%ip4 ,x is hold+ weekly meet+s1 & has already in/itut$ a s]ies ( mon?ly competitions 9 design1 = :i* a small ca% prize is (f]$4 ,! li/ ( (fic]s is ! be/ evid5ce ( its s]i\sness ( purpose & ability to accompli% an unlimit$ am\nt ( good "w4 ,! (fic]s are3 presid5t1 ,j4 ,e4 ,sp]ry2 vice-presid5t1 ,j4 ,b4 ,n4 ,wyatt2 secret>y1 ,l\is ,e4 ,simon2 & ,e4 ,f4 ,baldw91 ,george ,wor?+ton1 ,j4 ,w4 ,case1 & ,w4 ,g4 ,keimig1 toge!r ) ! (fic]s1 con/itute ! ,bo>d ( ,control4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,sket* ,club ( ,new ,york is foll[+ ! lead ( ! ,*icago ,ar*itectural ,club 9 delegat+ to "o or two ( its memb]s ! (fice ( ,ent]ta9m5t ,committee = "o ev5+1 :5 ^! memb]s act z ho/s & provide = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! club4 ,?is plan has result$ 9 an increas$ att5dance at ! meet+s1 & is giv+ g5]al satisfaction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an outgr[? ( ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club :i* has %[n a great deal ( vitality & 9 _m ways ju/ifi$ its claim to a sep>ate exi/5ce is ! little club ( twelve memb]s kn[n z ! ,p4 ,d's4 ,)\t organization & ) only ! mutual desire = a sort ( ,bohemian companion%ip1 ^! cong5ial spirits h work$ toge!r & amus$ ea* o!r = ! la/ two ye>s4 ,!y are all memb]s ( ! ,ar*itectural ,club & among its mo/ zeal\s support]s4 ,! my/ic monogram ( ! club1 ! initials ,p & ,d conta9$ 9 a circle1 :i* 0 plac$ on _! designs submitt$ 9 ! two ,beaux-,arts competitions1 has probably set m ?an "o int]e/$ p]son guess+ its significance4 ,its prim>y mean+ is said to be ,poor ,draughtsm54 99 99 99 99 99 ,prec$+ ! la/ regul> meet+ ( ! ,philadelphia ,t ,squ>e ,club an in=mal supp] 0 held at ,bohemia1 a *>m+ ra?%ell] rec5tly design$ by ,wilson ,eyre1 ,jr41 a memb] ( ! executive committee ( ! club4 ,! presid5t1 ,walt] ,cope1 presid$1 :ile ! fifty-f\r memb]s pres5t lubricat$ _! supp] ) #aeh /e9s ( old mu/y ale4 ,! meet+ :i* foll[$ 0 ( unusual int]e/1 z ! d\ble programme br\ght =? a great _m designs4 ,9 ! competition = a *apel locat$ on ! t]race ( a weal?y g5tleman's c\ntry h\se1 ,alb]t ,kelsey1 :o submitt$ two sets ( draw+s1 0 =tunate en\gh to w9 bo? fir/ & second m5tions1 :ile ,e4 ,s4 ,p[]s 0 vot$ ?ird place4 ,! competition = a p$e/al = a monum5t 0 well conte/$1 b ! w9n] ( ! fir/ place fail$ to claim 8 design4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,munoz1 a =m] w9n] ( ! ,mc,kim ,travell+ ,s*ol>%ip1 won second place2 & ,*as4 ,z4 ,klaud]1 ?ird4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! li/ ( ,ar*itectural ,clubs conta9$ 9 our ,febru>y issue %\ld be add$ ! foll[+3-- ,baltimore ,ar*itectural ,club2 secret>y1 ,l\is ,e4 ,simon1 ,build]s' ,ex*ange ,build+4 ,c9c9nati ,ar*itectural ,club2 secret>y1 ,john ,e4 ,zettel1 #bbg ,ma9 ,/4 ,society ( ,beaux-,arts ,ar*itects4 ,! ,committee on ,education proposes z ! subject = its ?ird competition4 ,a ,,l>ge ,,city ,,*ur* = an ,episcopal p>i%4 ,! weal? ( ! congregation has be5 lavi%$ ^u ?is build+ to give x a special "* ( devotion & beauty1 to :i* ! ri*ness ( mat]ial & ! s$ate _s ( its classic ar*itecture alike contribute4 ,9 addition to ! va/ body ( ! *ur*1 :i* is to be s arrang$ z to give an impression ( amplitude & spl5dor1 provision %\ld be made = ve/ry1 sacri/y1 & *oir-room1 conv5i5tly situat$ = ! s]vice ( ! sanctu>y4 ,two small *apels = ! celebration ( m9or s]vices w be situat$ s z to be accessible bo? f ! ext]ior & f ! int]ior ( ! *ur* prop]4 ,! plot ( gr\nd secur$ = ! build+ is rectangul>1 & measures two hundr$ feet by f\r hundr$ feet1 op5 to /reets on all sides4 ,sket*es ( plan1 elevation1 & section1 at a scale ( "o ?irty-second in* to ! foot1 w be requir$ ( all /ud5ts wi%+ to compete2 ^! sket*es %\ld be made on opaque draw+ pap]1 n trac+ pap]1 & =w>d$ n lat] ?an #bb;d ,april1 #ahie1 to ,mr4 ,john ,e4 ,h[e1 #adj ,we/ #cd? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,= ! f9i%$ draw+s ! plan w be r5d]$ at a scale ( "o sixte5? in* to ! foot1 ! elevation & section at twice t scale1 & a detail at a qu>t] ( ! size ( execution4 ,! f9i%$ draw+s %\ld 9 e case be m\nt$ on /ret*]s4 ,! address to :i* !y are to be =w>d$ w be ann\nc$ lat]4 ,all draw+s mu/ be s5t on or be=e #bd? ,june1 #ahie4 7,sign$7 ,,erne/ ,,flagg1 ,*airman1 ,,john ,m4 ,,c>r]e1 ,,john ,g4 ,,h[>d1 ,,?omas ,,ha/+s1 ,,:itney ,,w>r51 ,,john ,e4 ,,h[e1 ,secret>y1 ,committee on ,education4 ,?is competition is op5 to all /ud5ts ( ar*itecture4 ,conditions ( judgm5t & jury to be arrang$ by ! committee4 #a/ ,april1 #ahie4