,,the ,,brochure ,,series  ,,of         
,,architectural ,,illustration4   ,,vol4
 ,i4    ,,march1 #ahie4    ,no4 #c4     
,,the ,,cloister ,,at ,,monreale1 ,,near
 ,,palermo1 ,,sicily4   ,the island of  
,sicily1 being in form nearly an        
equilateral triangle1 with one side     
facing towards ,italy1 another towards  
,greece1 and the third1 towards ,africa1
 was a tempting field for conquest to   
the various nations surrounding it4 ,it 
was successively overrun by the ,greeks1
 ,carthaginians1 and ,romans1 and later1
 after the ,christian era1 again        
successively by the ,byzantines1 the    
,moors1 and the ,normans4 ,almost all of
 the architectural remains of the older 
periods belong to the time of the       
,greeks1 as neither the ,carthaginians  
nor ,romans left much to show for their 
occupation of the island4 ,with the     
exception of occasional ruined examples 
surviving from the time of the ,dorian  
,greeks who colonized ,sicily1 most of  
the monuments now existing belong to the

 ,byzantine1 ,saracenic1 and ,romanesque
 periods4 ,as would be natural to       
expect1 the latter influences are not   
clearly separable one from another      
either in time or in locality4 ,they    
overlap in all directions2 but in       
general the ,byzantine1 which was the   
earliest and most powerful element1 is  
found more strongly marked1 and more    
frequently on the east coast4 ,it       
however forms the groundwork and is the 
main ingredient of all that follows4    
,the ,saracenic work1 which succeeds the
 ,byzantine in date1 found a stronger   
foothold in the ,south1 on the coast    
nearest ,africa2 and the influence of   
the ,normans appears in the ,north4     
,every new race of masters in this      
frequent recurrence of conquest found   
the island already occupied by a very   
numerous population of extremely various
 origin4 ,the newcomers could do no more
 than add their own forms to those      
previously in use2 the consequence being
 in every case a mixed style1 containing

 elements derived from every portion of 
the inhabitants4  ,palermo1 being on the
 northern coast1 has felt the ,norman   
influence strongly4 ,its architecture is
 principally ,romanesque in form1 with a
 generous admixture of ,byzantine and   
,saracenic motives in detail and        
decoration4 ,exuberance of detail and   
wealth of color are the rule4  ,under   
the ,norman conquerors the ,sicilians   
built as they were directed4 ,their arts
 and their civilization were superior to
 those of their masters1 and the        
,normans were apparently willing to make
 use of this superiority1 and merely    
adapted the forms of decoration and     
methods of construction which they found
 here in use to their own needs and     
purposes4 ,the polychromatic decoration 
of the buildings of this neighborhood1  
such as the interiors of the ,capella   
,palatina and the cathedral at          
,monreale1 ranks among the most         
successful1 if it be not the most       
successful1 work of its class now in    

existence4 ,it is thoroughly ,oriental  
in character1 although applied to       
buildings intended for ,roman ritual4   
,on account of the great superiority of 
the ,moors in art and civilization1 not 
only to the ,normans but to all the     
other inhabitants at the time of the    
,norman conquest1 in the eleventh       
century1 many of the buildings of this  
period show very little ,norman         
influence4 ,in fact the ,oriental       
character is so extreme in some         
instances1 such as the church of ,san   
,giovanni degli ,eremiti1 that there is 
very little to suggest that it was      
,norman and intended for ,norman uses4  
,the village of ,monreale is situated on
 the steep mountain-side about five     
miles to the west of and overlooking the
 city of ,palermo4 ,the cathedral and   
the cloister-adjoining it on the south  
were both parts of a ,benedictine       
convent1 which is now mostly in ruins4  
,they were erected by ,king ,william the
 ,second1 between the years #aagd and   

#aahb1 and richly endowed by him4 ,the  
plan of the cathedral is that of a      
basilica4  ,the famous cloister1 with   
coupled columns and clusters of four in 
the corners1 and with a charming        
fountain and a separate little square of
 cloisters around it1 as it were1 in one
 corner of the open space1 is one of the
 most interesting relics of ,palermo4   
,in arrangement it follows the style    
universal in the countries bordering on 
the ,mediterranean1 that is1 consisting 
of a pointed arcade supported by small  
but elegant columns of ,corinthian      
design1 grouped in pairs2 while in the  
,north1 in ,england1 ,france1 and       
,germany1 a cloister is formed of a     
series of unglazed windows4  ,the       
columns surrounding the fountain1 which 
unfortunately cannot be seen in the     
general view given in ,plate ,,xx41 show
 the richest decoration4 ,the shafts are
 either plain1 rusticated1 or covered   
with patterns executed in relief or     
mosaic4  ,there appears to be some doubt

 as to the date of this work1 as the    
columns have evidently been inserted    
since the arches which spring from them 
were built4 ,the discrepancy will be    
seen in ,plates ,,xviii41 ,,xix41 and   
,,xx4 ,the disproportion of the dainty  
columns and capitals to the heavy arches
 which are entirely in keeping with the 
architecture of the rest of the         
cathedral1 but which manifestly do not  
fit the columns1 leads to the conclusion
 that the columns were a later addition1
 although probably inserted soon after  
the other work was completed4           
,illustration3 ,,xvii4 ,capitals from   
the ,cloister of ,monreale1 ,sicily4    
,,xvii4  ,,capitals ,,from ,,the        
,,cloister ,,of ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4   
,the hybrid character of this work will 
be perfectly evident at a glance4 ,it   
plainly belongs to none of the styles of
 the ,north1 but nevertheless has a     
distinct character and unmistakable     
charm4 ,the use of mosaic originally    
placed in the channels of the shafts    

added greatly to the decorative effect  
and airiness of these columns4          
,illustration3 ,,xviii4 ,capitals from  
the ,cloister of ,monreale1 ,sicily4    
,,xviii4  ,,capitals ,,from ,,the       
,,cloister ,,of ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4   
,a common device in most of the         
,romanesque cloisters for adding        
interest to the long colonnade was the  
grouping of two columns of dissimilar   
design4 ,this plan is followed here in  
treating the mosaic inlay vertically in 
one and horizontally in the other4      
,illustration3 ,,xix4 ,capitals from the
 ,cloister of ,monreale1 ,sicily4       
,,xix4  ,,capitals ,,from ,,the         
,,cloister ,,of ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4   
,the design of the capitals shown in    
this plate follows the ,corinthian model
 very closely4     ,illustration3 ,,xx4 
,the ,cloister of ,monreale1 ,sicily4   
,,xx4  ,,the ,,cloister ,,of ,,monreale1
 ,,sicily4  ,in a later number of ,,the 
,,brochure ,,series another view of this
 most charming building will be given4  

,the portion surrounding the fountain1  
with its groups of four clustered       
columns1 is1 in many respects1 the most 
beautiful portion of the structure ,this
 will be taken up later4     ,ravenna   
,capitals4   ,with the reign of         
,constantine1 and the introduction of   
,christianity as the acknowledged       
religion of ,rome1 ,byzantine art1 as   
such1 made its appearance4 ,the culture 
of ,rome was transferred to ,byzantium1 
henceforth to be known as               
,constantinople4 ,governed alternately  
by ,greek and by ,persian1 it had       
received a strong ,oriental character   
from the ,eastern nations1 and had added
 to the ,greek subtlety and delicacy of 
expression the ,oriental love of detail4
 ,when converted by ,constantine into   
,new ,rome1 it became a perfect treasure
 house of ,eastern and ,grecian art4    
,the ,byzantine work1 which spread over 
the ,east in the sixth1 seventh1 and    
eighth centuries1 is therefore a union  
of the refinement of the ,greek1 the    

desire for color and detail of the      
,oriental1 and the vigor of             
constructional invention and conception 
of mass and grandeur of the ,roman4 ,a  
portion of it was transplanted to       
,ravenna during ,justinian's reign1 and 
there is a glorious afterglow in the    
,venetian splendor of the tenth and     
eleventh centuries4 ,the three great    
centres of ,byzantine art work are      
,constantinople1 ,ravenna1 and ,venice2 
and the three most noted examples1 the  
churches of ,sta4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,vitale1 
and ,st4 ,mark's4 ,apart from these1 the
 cathedral at ,monreale1 and the        
,capella ,palatina in ,palermo1 ,sicily1
 represent a variation from the         
,byzantine type affected by ,moslem     
design4  ,from the time of ,constantine 
to that of ,justinian1 one hundred and  
fifty years1 is a period of formation4  
,under the reign of ,justinian1         
,byzantine art reached its height4      
,prominent among its factors is the use 
of mosaic1 the influence of which spread

 insidiously through its whole system1  
until in the later work the cornices and
 entablatures of classic design withered
 into long thin lines of moulding2      
projections which disturbed the effect  
of color by the shadows they cast were  
discarded2 voussoirs disappeared under a
 mosaic veil2 surfaces resolved         
themselves into broad expanses of       
infinitely varied tones1 bounded by     
narrow but strongly contrasting bands   
and borders of marble4 ,all ornament had
 resolved itself into surface           
decoration1 or as nearly that as        
possible4  ,in #eci ,belisarius took    
,ravenna in the name of the ,emperor    
,justinian1 and to celebrate this event 
,justinian decided to erect a           
magnificent monument in the city4 ,he   
chose to replace1 by a more important   
structure1 the small church dedicated to
 ,s4 ,vitale1 and built by ,non in the  
reign of ,theodoric4  ,the wonderful    
basilica of ,sta4 ,sophia at            
,constantinople was just completed1 and 

the novelty of its plan and immense     
effect ,produced by its dome1 a method  
of construction entirely novel in ,roman
 architecture1 doubtless excited the    
admiration of the ,emperor and led to   
the adoption of a similar plan for ,s4  
,vitale4 ,s4 ,vitale #ah by no means a  
copy of ,sta4 ,sophia1 but              
unquestionably was strongly influenced  
by it4  ,it was founded in #edj1 and    
consecrated in #edg4 ,it is octagonal in
 plan1 with an inner structure of eight 
large piers1 arranged in a circle1      
connected by arches which support a     
pendentive dome4 ,following the custom  
then in vogue1 its interior is incrusted
 throughout with elaborate mosaics in a 
wealth of color4 ,the most elaborate    
design and richest color is used in the 
apse1 which was the centre of display in
 all ,byzantine churches4               
,illustration3 ,,xxi4 ,capital from the 
,apse of the ,church of ,s4 ,vitale1    
,ravenna1 ,italy4   ,,xxi4  ,,capital   
,,from ,,the ,,apse ,,of ,,the ,,church 

,,of ,s4 ,,vitale1 ,,ravenna1 ,,italy4  
,this is one of the most beautiful and  
most characteristic capitals of the     
,byzantine style4 ,its form and         
decoration are both typical of the      
style4 ,the flat treatment of the       
interlace of the vine motive is very    
generally used1 and can be seen in great
 variety in ,s4 ,vitale and elsewhere4  
,the ornament is here enriched with gold
 and color4 ,in the double capitals of  
,ravenna the upper member1 or cushion1  
is usually ornamented with symbolic     
designs drawn from various sources1 both
 ,pagan and ,christian4                 
,illustration3 ,,xxii4 ,capital from the
 ,church of ,s4 ,vitale1 ,ravenna1      
,italy4   ,,xxii4  ,,capital ,,from     
,,the ,,church ,,of ,s4 ,,vitale1       
,,ravenna1 ,,italy4  ,here again is the 
rhomboidal double capital of a much more
 severe design than that of the         
preceding plate1 but with a remarkable  
delicacy and refinement of treatment4   
,illustration3 ,,xxiii4 ,capital from   

the ,church of ,s4 ,vitale1 ,ravenna1   
,italy4   ,,xxiii4  ,,capital ,,from    
,,the ,,church ,,of ,s4 ,,vitale1       
,,ravenna1 ,,italy4  ,this is a mean    
between the two extreme types shown in  
,plates ,,xxi4 and ,,xxii4  ,in all     
these examples the treatment of the     
angles should be noted4 ,strong         
confining lines1 with a distinct upward 
tendency of the ornament1 contrasted    
with the flat sides1 contribute much to 
the good effect of these capitals as    
constructive members4     ,illustration3
 ,,xxiv4 ,capital in the ,museum of the 
,accademia di ,belle ,arti1 ,ravenna1   
,italy4   ,,xxiv4  ,,capital ,,in ,,the 
,,museum ,,of ,,the ,,accademia ,,di    
,,belle ,,arti1 ,,ravenna1 ,,italy4     
,whether this capital was originally    
intended for ,s4 ,vitale or some of the 
other churches of ,ravenna we cannot    
state1 but at all events it is a fitting
 companion for the others illustrated in
 this number4     ,the ,brochure ,series
  of ,architectural ,illustration4      

,,published ,,monthly ,,by  ,,bates     
,,guild1  #f ,,beacon ,,street1         
,,boston1 ,,mass4   ,subscription ,rates
 per year #ej cents1 in advance4        
,special ,club ,rate for five           
subscriptions #b4jj4  ,entered at the   
,boston ,post ,office as ,second-class  
,matter4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,an illustrated catalogue  
has come to be one of the important     
features of exhibitions of architectural
 drawings1 and these catalogues are now 
exceedingly valuable records of recent  
progress in architecture4 ,the          
contributions of the present year to    
this department of an architect's       
library are especially notable4 ,of the 
catalogues which have come to our       
notice1 that of the architectural       
exhibition at the ,academy of ,fine     
,arts in ,philadelphia is in point of   
illustration the most complete1 and     
shows the most judicious selection of   
material4 ,in this there was a marked   
endeavor to give as large a number of   

geometrical drawings as possible1 and it
 is unquestionably a move in the right  
direction4 ,the desire for the          
picturesque1 which has been until       
recently the ruling motive with         
,american architects1 has had its day1  
and trained and conservative designers  
have gradually taken the place of the   
pyrotechnic draughtsman of the past4    
,the change has been working gradually  
to be sure1 but scale and detail        
drawings both in the exhibitions1 which 
of necessity are intended to appeal to a
 more or less popular taste1 and in the 
professional journals are from year to  
year growing more prominent4 ,in their  
recognition of this tendency1 the       
,philadelphia catalogue committee are to
 be highly commended4  ,the same trend  
may be observed in a little less marked 
degree in the ,architectural ,league    
catalogue4 ,the exhibitions of the      
,league have for years been the models  
by which minor exhibitions have been    
ruled1 and its catalogue has been a     

guide to all others4 ,as usual there is 
a great deal of valuable and interesting
 material presented in its              
illustrations4  ,the ,catalogue         
,committee of the ,st4 ,louis exhibition
 have made a departure from the general 
rule1 and increased the size of their   
pages1 allowing the use of much larger  
plates4 ,in some of the drawings this is
 a distinct advantage1 and their        
catalogue gains in consequence4  ,the   
,boston ,society of ,architects and the 
,boston ,architectural ,club will hold a
 joint exhibition in ,april1 and their  
catalogue now promises to be a very     
creditable publication4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,in the  
recent draughtsmen's competitions1      
,boston has been more than ordinarily   
fortunate4 ,the medal in both the       
competitions of the ,society of         
,beaux-,arts ,architects has come to    
,mr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,mann1 of the              
,massachusetts ,institute of            
,technology1 and a number of the first  

and second mentions have also come to   
,boston4 ,in fact1 nearly if not quite  
all the designs sent from ,boston have  
received some recognition at the hands  
of the jury4  ,a complimentary dinner   
has been arranged for by the ,m4 ,i4 ,t4
 ,architectural ,society in honor of the
 winners of the last competition4  ,the 
annual competition for the              
,architectural ,league gold medal1 which
 was awarded to ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,wright1   
also resulted in adding another victory 
to the credit of ,boston draughtsmen4   
,interest in these contests is not      
purely local1 however1 for              
,philadelphia1 ,rochester1 and several  
other cities have furnished contributors
 and shared the honors4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,l4    
,duhring1 ,jr41 of ,philadelphia1 was   
awarded the ,architectural ,league      
silver medal4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,fulfilling the   
bequest of the late ,arthur ,rotch      
leaving #e1jjj to the ,boston           
,architectural ,club1 this sum has been 

paid to the treasurer of the club by the
 executors of ,mr4 ,rotch's estate4 ,the
 income only is to be expended in the   
purchase of books to form an            
architectural library4 ,this is only one
 of many indications that the           
architectural clubs of the country are  
recognized as permanent and established 
institutions4 ,with the spread of this  
feeling their influence will grow in    
importance1 and as the working          
foundation of the profession they       
deserve all the encouragement that can  
be given them4     ,the ,cleveland      
,architectural ,club4   ,there are none 
of the now numerous architectural       
associations of the country which can   
more deservingly congratulate themselves
 upon the early success of their first  
few months of existence than the        
,cleveland ,architectural ,club1 which  
was organized on the #bb;d of last      
,november1 and is now only four months  
old4  ,its original members1 fifteen in 
number1 met in the office of ,messrs4   

,coburn  ,barnum1 and here the meetings 
for the few succeeding weeks were also  
held4  ,it soon became evident that a   
wide field of usefulness was open to the
 new organization1 and a permanent      
location of its own would become        
necessary4 ,such a location in the heart
 of the city1 with all necessary        
conveniences1 was found in the ,garfield
 ,building1 and the new rooms have been 
properly fitted up for the use of the   
club4  ,with the purpose of making the  
influence of its work as far-reaching as
 possible1 the restriction which has    
commonly been applied in other similar  
clubs1 limiting the membership to       
architects and draughtsmen1 or at least 
limiting the number of non professional 
members1 has been entirely done away    
with1 and any one who may have an       
interest in architecture or the allied  
arts is eligible for membership4 ,what  
will be the effect of this arrangement  
it remains for the future to decide4 ,in
 some of the older clubs it has been    

found by experience that the            
professional membership was overbalanced
 and its work impeded by a too large    
non-professional element1 and the       
professional lines have been closely    
drawn in consequence4  ,the work thus   
far entered upon is modest but of an    
important character1 and if pursued with
 the earnest purpose which has marked   
the first few months will lead to a     
fruitful future4  ,of the monthly       
competitions in design the one for      
,march1 the subject of which is a scheme
 for the public buildings of ,cleveland1
 has attracted considerable attention1  
and the public exhibition of the designs
 will doubtless lead to profitable      
discussion outside the club4 ,a plan    
which we believe has not been adopted   
here1 but which has been the means of   
awakening considerable interest in the  
study of design in the clubs of ,new    
,york1 ,philadelphia1 and ,boston1 might
 possibly be followed to advantage4 ,in 
the ,january number of ,,the ,,brochure 

,,series the competitions instituted by 
the ,society of ,beaux-,arts ,architects
 were outlined4 ,of course with all the 
numberless calls upon his time1 the     
average draughtsman does not have the   
leisure to properly study and render the
 drawings required in these             
competitions2 but by the joining of     
forces four or five1 or even more1 men  
can easily work out such a problem1 and 
in some respects the advantages to be   
gained are greater than is the case when
 an individual works alone4 ,several    
large tables can be provided in the     
club-rooms1 and the problem worked up as
 a club design4 ,this plan has been     
followed in the ,boston ,architectural  
,club with great success4  ,the study of
 academic design is of the utmost       
importance to the young architect1 and  
unfortunately the opportunities for such
 study in the usual routine of office   
practice are not very extensive4 ,the   
working out each season of two or three 
such designs as those required by the   

,beaux-,arts ,society will be of        
material benefit to the older men who   
are already familiar with the academic  
methods of design1 and of much more     
benefit to the younger men whose        
opportunities have been more limited4   
,the criticism and suggestion of the    
older men in the profession is easily   
obtained while the work is in progress4 
,nothing could be better calculated to  
foster a certain esprit de corps1 which 
is certainly a desirable quality in any 
club4  ,the personnel of the ,cleveland 
,club is as follows3 ,benj4 ,s4         
,hubbell1 president2 ,harry ,s4 ,nelson1
 vice-president2 ,herbert ,b4 ,briggs1  
secretary2 ,perley ,h4 ,griffin1        
librarian2 ,e4 ,e4 ,noble1 treasurer2   
,w4 ,d4 ,benes and ,wilbur ,m4 ,hall1   
members of the executive board4 ,the    
officers and ,robert ,allen1 ,frederick 
,baird1 ,j4 ,w4 ,russell1 ,g4 ,b4 ,bohm1
 ,williard ,hirsh1 ,ray ,rice1 ,albert  
,e4 ,skeel1 and ,c4 ,s4 ,schneider      
constitute the charter membership4      

,books4   ,church of ,sancta ,sophia1   
,constantinople3 ,a ,study of ,byzantine
 ,building4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,lethaby and    
,harold ,swainson4 ,macmillan  ,co4     
#ahid4 #cjg pages with illustrations4   
#f4ej4  ,it seems especially fitting    
that a notice of ,mr4 ,lethaby's work on
 the church of ,sta4 ,sophia1 or as he  
calls it ,sancta ,sophia1 should appear 
in the same issue with the beautiful    
,byzantine capitals from ,ravenna1 which
 we publish this month4 ,in the         
description of this work from ,ravenna1 
on another page1 the connection is      
pointed out between ,constantinople1 the
 capital of the ,roman ,empire in the   
,east1 and ,ravenna1 then the ,western  
capital4  ,the work before us is an     
important and exhaustive study1 both    
architecturally and historically1 of    
this beautiful building1 which ,mr4 ,van
 ,brunt has called the central building 
of the world4 ,nothing has ever been    
done in enriching interiors which       
approaches in splendor the best work of 

the ,byzantine builders1 and ,sta4      
,sophia1 by general consent1 is the most
 beautiful of the ,byzantine churches2  
but its exterior is by no means without 
faults1 and its claim for distinction   
would fall if supported only by this4   
,the book takes up in order the history 
of ,sta4 ,sophia1 with citations of     
various authorities for statements      
concerning its early history2 accounts  
of the various vicissitudes through     
which it has passed2 its construction1  
lighting1 details1 mosaics1 etc41 all   
carefully and conscientiously described1
 the descriptive portion based on a     
painstaking study of the building       
itself4 ,the illustrations which        
accompany the text are numerous and     
excellent2 there is no attempt to       
furnish illustrations at large scale1   
which are already accessible in         
,salzenberg4  ,the monumental work of   
,salzenberg1 which has been the         
architect's reference book for ,sta4    
,sophia1 is referred to and largely     

quoted from4  ,the two articles by ,mr4 
,henry ,van ,brunt and ,prof4 ,a4 ,d4   
,f4 ,hamlin1 published in ,the          
,architectural ,review1 ,vol4 ,,ii41    
,no4 #e1 and ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,no4 #b1 will
 be found of considerable interest in   
connection with ,mr4 ,lethaby's book4   
,club ,notes4   ,when in our ,january   
issue it was announced that we should   
devote a certain amount of space and    
attention to the architectural clubs of 
the country1 we had no idea of the      
extent to which these organizations had 
developed within the last year or two4  
,the work of a few of the older clubs   
was familiar to us1 but it is a surprise
 to find that nearly every city of      
importance in the ,united ,states has an
 active and flourishing society of      
draughtsmen and young architects4 ,it   
may be well to suggest right here that  
any city which has not such an          
organization should look to its laurels4
  ,among the newer accessions to the    
ranks is the ,baltimore ,architectural  

,club4 ,it is fortunate in being able to
 start with a strong1 if limited        
membership4 ,it is holding weekly       
meetings1 and has already instituted a  
series of monthly competitions in       
design1 for which a small cash prize is 
offered4  ,the list of officers is the  
best evidence of its seriousness of     
purpose and ability to accomplish an    
unlimited amount of good work4  ,the    
officers are3 president1 ,j4 ,e4        
,sperry2 vice-president1 ,j4 ,b4 ,n4    
,wyatt2 secretary1 ,louis ,e4 ,simon2   
and ,e4 ,f4 ,baldwin1 ,george           
,worthington1 ,j4 ,w4 ,case1 and ,w4 ,g4
 ,keimig1 together with the officers1   
constitute the ,board of ,control4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,sketch ,club of ,new ,york is     
following the lead of the ,chicago      
,architectural ,club in delegating to   
one or two of its members the office of 
,entertainment ,committee for one       
evening1 when these members act as hosts
 and provide for the entertainment of   

the club4 ,this plan has resulted in an 
increased attendance at the meetings1   
and is giving general satisfaction4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,an outgrowth of the ,boston            
,architectural ,club which has shown a  
great deal of vitality and in many ways 
justified its claim to a separate       
existence is the little club of twelve  
members known as the ,p4 ,d's4 ,without 
organization and with only the mutual   
desire for a sort of ,bohemian          
companionship1 these congenial spirits  
have worked together and amused each    
other for the last two years4  ,they are
 all members of the ,architectural ,club
 and among its most zealous supporters4 
,the mystic monogram of the club1 the   
initials ,p and ,d contained in a       
circle1 which was placed on their       
designs submitted in the two            
,beaux-,arts competitions1 has probably 
set more than one interested person     
guessing its significance4 ,its primary 
meaning is said to be ,poor             

,draughtsmen4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,preceding the    
last regular meeting of the             
,philadelphia ,t ,square ,club an       
informal supper was held at ,bohemia1 a 
charming rathsheller recently designed  
by ,wilson ,eyre1 ,jr41 a member of the 
executive committee of the club4 ,the   
president1 ,walter ,cope1 presided1     
while the fifty-four members present    
lubricated their supper with #aeh steins
 of old musty ale4  ,the meeting which  
followed was of unusual interest1 as the
 double programme brought forth a great 
many designs4  ,in the competition for a
 chapel located on the terrace of a     
wealthy gentleman's country house1      
,albert ,kelsey1 who submitted two sets 
of drawings1 was fortunate enough to win
 both first and second mentions1 while  
,e4 ,s4 ,powers was voted third place4  
,the competition for a pedestal for a   
monument was well contested1 but the    
winner of the first place failed to     
claim his design4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,munoz1 a

 former winner of the ,mc,kim           
,travelling ,scholarship1 won second    
place2 and ,chas4 ,z4 ,klauder1 third4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,to the list of ,architectural ,clubs   
contained in our ,february issue should 
be added the following3--  ,baltimore   
,architectural ,club2 secretary1 ,louis 
,e4 ,simon1 ,builders' ,exchange        
,building4  ,cincinnati ,architectural  
,club2 secretary1 ,john ,e4 ,zettel1    
#bbg ,main ,st4     ,society of         
,beaux-,arts ,architects4   ,the        
,committee on ,education proposes as the
 subject for its third competition4     
,a ,,large ,,city ,,church  for an      
,episcopal parish4  ,the wealth of the  
congregation has been lavished upon this
 building to give it a special character
 of devotion and beauty1 to which the   
richness of material and the sedate     
spirit of its classic architecture alike
 contribute4  ,in addition to the vast  
body of the church1 which is to be so   
arranged as to give an impression of    

amplitude and splendor1 provision should
 be made for vestry1 sacristy1 and      
choir-room1 conveniently situated for   
the service of the sanctuary4 ,two small
 chapels for the celebration of minor   
services will be situated so as to be   
accessible both from the exterior and   
from the interior of the church proper4 
,the plot of ground secured for the     
building is rectangular1 and measures   
two hundred feet by four hundred feet1  
open to streets on all sides4  ,sketches
 of plan1 elevation1 and section1 at a  
scale of one thirty-second inch to the  
foot1 will be required of all students  
wishing to compete2 these sketches      
should be made on opaque drawing paper1 
not tracing paper1 and forwarded not    
later than #bb;d ,april1 #ahie1 to ,mr4 
,john ,e4 ,howe1 #adj ,west #cdth       
,street1 ,new ,york ,city4  ,for the    
finished drawings the plan will be      
rendered at a scale of one sixteenth    
inch to the foot1 the elevation and     
section at twice that scale1 and a      

detail at a quarter of the size of      
execution4 ,the finished drawings should
 in every case be mounted on stretchers4
 ,the address to which they are to be   
forwarded will be announced later4 ,all 
drawings must be sent on or before #bdth
 ,june1 #ahie4  7,signed7 ,,ernest      
,,flagg1 ,chairman1          ,,john ,m4 
,,carrere1          ,,john ,g4 ,,howard1
          ,,thomas ,,hastings1          
,,whitney ,,warren1          ,,john ,e4 
,,howe1 ,secretary1 ,committee on       
,education4  ,this competition is open  
to all students of architecture4        
,conditions of judgment and jury to be  
arranged by the committee4  #ast ,april1
 #ahie4