available by ,cornell ,univ]sity        
,digital ,collections7            ,,!   
,,cont95tal ,,mon?ly3  ,,devot$ ,,to    
,,lit]ature ,,& ,,national ,,policy4    
,,vol4 ,v4--,,april1 #ahfd4--,no4 ,,iv4 
,,sir ,,*>les ,,lyell ,,on ,,!          
,,antiquity ,,( ,,man4#a   ,:5 ,?omas   
,*alm]s1 sixty ye>s ago1 lectur+ at ,/4 
,&rews1 v5tur$ to ann\nce 8 conviction t
 '! writ+s ( ,moses d n fix ! antiquity 
( ! globe1' he />tl$ & al>m$1 to no     
small degree1 ! or?odoxy ( ! day4 ,x 0 a
 /atem5t f> 9 advance ( ! religi\s ?9k+ 
( ! "t4 ,t massive bread? &             
compreh5siv5ess ( intellect :i* soon    
plac$ him1 facile pr9ceps1 at ! head ( !
 cl]gy ( ,scotl&1 jo9$ ) a c&or1 & +5u\s
 hone/y1 :i* made him admir$ & belov$ by
 all1 c\ld n fail to p]ceive1 & w\ld n  
hesitate to ackn[l$ge1 ! =ce ( ! evid5ce
 !n = "s "t sl[ly b /eadily & surely    
accumulat+ f ! inve/igations &          
discov]ies ( geological sci5ce1 :i* has 
=c$ back ! orig9 ( ! e>? to a va/ &     
undat$ antiquity4 ,b no?+ c\ld h be5    

f>!r f ! imag9ation ( ! great majority (
 evangelical1 unsci5tific cl]gym5 ( 8   
day4 ,!y held t ! writ+s ( ,moses fix$ !
 antiquity ( ! globe z surely z !y fix$ 
any?+ else4 ,& x requir$ no little      
boldness 9 ! lectur] to ann\nce a       
doctr9e :i* 0 likely to raise ab\t 8 e>s
 ! hue & cry ( h]esy4 ,b =tunately = !  
ris+ ,boan]ges ( ! ,scotti% pulpit1     
:atev] que/ions might arise 9 philology 
& criticism z to ! mean+ ( ! writ+s (   
,moses1 ! evid5ce adduc$ 9 behalf ( !   
fact ( ! e>?'s antiquity 0 ( su* a      
nature t x c\ld n be resi/$1 & he n only
 escap$ a prosecution = h]esy1 b liv$ to
 see ! doctr9e he _h broa*$ almo/       
univ]sally accept$ by ! religi\s _w4    
,if n[ "s div9e ( ackn[l$g$ p[] &       
position 9 any bran* ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 
7 to put =? ! /atem5t t '! writ+s (     
,moses d n fix ! antiquity ( man1' he   
w\ld />tle ! e> ( or?odoxy q z mu*1 b no
 m ?an did ,*alm]s 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( !    
pres5t c5tury4 ,& if he w\ld f>e m h>dly
 ?an ! ,scotti% div9e1 & fall "u ! ban (

 *ur* c5sure1 :i* is n unlikely1 x w\ld 
be because ! evid5ce = ! fact is /ill   
in*oate & resi/ible by ! =ce ( e/abli%$ 
op9ion4 ,b x is q )9 ! range ( possible 
?+s t be=e ! close ( ! pres5t c5tury two
 ?+s may happ53 fir/1 t ! evid5ce = a   
high antiquity ( ! human race may       
accumulate to su* an ext5t z to c>ry ) x
 involunt>ily ! cons5t ( mank9d2 &      
second1 t ! sacr$ writ+s may be f\nd to 
adju/ !mselves z easily to ?is new f9d+ 
9 ! sph]e ( induction1 z !y h already   
done1 9 ! g5]al m9d ( ! ,*ur*1 to !     
doctr9e ( ! great age ( ! e>?4 ,! two   
/atem5ts are inde$ v mu* ak9 9 sev]al   
respects4 ,!y bo? trav]se ! accept$     
mean+ ( ! sacr$ writ+s at ! "t ( _!     
ann\ncem5t4 ,bo? are consid]$1 :5 fir/  
promulg$1 z irreconcilable ) ! pla9     
tea*+ & consequ5t inspiration ( !       
,scriptures4 ,bo? re/ solely1 z to _!   
evid5ce1 9 ! sph]e ( inductive sci5ce1 &
 are det]m9able :olly by ! f9d+ ( facts 
accumulat$ & comp>$ by ! processes (    
inductive reason+4 ,& bo?1 if ?us       

e/abli%$1 are de/9$ to be accept$ by !  
g5]al m9d ( ! age1 )\t actual h>m to !  
real int]e/s ( civilization & religion4 
,no fact1 :i* is a fact & n an illusion1
 c d h>m to any ( ! vital int]e/s (     
mank9d4 ,no tru? c /& 9 hopeless        
antagonism to any o!r tru?4 ,to suppose 
o!rwise w\ld be to resolve ! moral      
gov]nm5t ( ,god into a hopeless enigma1 
or en?rone a p]petual & ho/ile dualism1 
resign+ ! univ]se to ! rival & cont5d+  
sway ( ,ormuzd & ,ahriman4  ,be=e       
proce$+ to ! m]its ( ,sir ,*>les        
,lyell's discussion1 we wi% to glance at
 "s prelim9>y matt]s t\*+ ! great debate
 n[ p5d+ betwe5 sci5ce & !ology4 ,we wi%
 to review ! po/ure & temp] ( ! p>ties2 
& p>ticul>ly to ref] to ! tone & _s ( ! 
religi\s press & ! pulpit1 respect+ !   
alleg$ discov]ies & claims ( sci5ce1 &  
_! be>+ ^u ! religi\s op9ion ( ! "t4    
,moreov]1 9 pass+1 ! pres5t writ] begs  
p]mission to say t he speaks f ! or?odox
 side ( ?is "q2 he hails f ! or?odox    
camp2 he we>s ! cl]ical ve/ure ( !      

,scotti% wor?ies2 & is affiliat$        
!ologically ) ,knox & ,*alm]s1 ) ,edw>ds
 & ,alex&]1 ) ! ,new ,york ,obs]v] & !  
,pr9ceton ,review4 ,?is mu* we beg to   
say1 t :at foll[s 9 ^! pages may be     
fully und]/ood4  ,no "o :o has be5      
att5d+ to ! subject ) any degree (      
int]e/ c h fail$ to obs]ve t sci5ce1 9  
h] inve/igations ^u ! gr& & mom5t\s !mes
 :i* h absorb$ h] att5tion 9 ^! latt]   
ye>s1 has exhibit$1 & does /ill exhibit1
 a /eady & well-def9$ purpose1 & has    
pursu$ x ) a s+ul>ly calm1 sob]1        
unimpassion$1 yet resolute temp]4 ,its  
po/ure is firm1 /eady1 self-pois$1      
consci\s ( rectitude1 & anticipative (  
v]itable & valuable results4 ,its _s1   
?\gh eag]1 is quiet2 ?\gh en?usia/ic1 is
 cauti\s2 ?\gh ard5t1 is sceptical2 ?\gh
 flu%$ ) success1 is tra9$ to !         
discipl9e ( disappo9tm5t4 ,its object is
 to int]rogate nature4 ,x /&s at ! %r9e 
& awaits ! response ( ! oracle4 ,x w\ld 
fa9 int]pret & make intelligible !      
wondr\s hi]oglyphics ( ?is univ]se1 &   

specially ! my/ic *>act]s trac$ by !    
long-revolv+ ages ^u ! /ony tablets (   
?is planet ,e>?4 ,x has 9 ! fir/ in/ance
 no cre$ to support1 no dogmas to v]ify1
 no mean+ to foi/ ^u nature2 its sole & 
s+le qu]y is1 ,:at does nature tea*8    
,:at is fact8 ,:at is tru?8 ,:at has    
occurr$ 9 ! pa/ annals ( ?is planet8    
,:at is ! actual & true hi/ory ( its    
bygone ages1 & ( ! dwell]s !re98 ,^! are
 its que/ions1 address$ to nature by su*
 me?ods z exp]i5ce has taught w rea* h] 
e>1 & x does n hesitate to take nature's
 answ]4 ,x does n %r9k1 & quake1 & gr[  
pale le/ ! response %\ld ov]turn "s     
anci5t notion4 ,x does n dread to he> ! 
response1 le/ morals or religion %\ld be
 !reby imp]ill$4 ,x boldly & resolutely 
takes ! tea*+ ( nature1 :atev] x may be4
 ,its conviction is t tru? nev] c be    
any?+ else ?an tru?2 t fact c nev] be   
any?+ else ?an fact2 & t no two tru?s or
 two facts 9 ,god's univ]se c be 9      
hopeless & irreconcilable contradiction4
  ,9 ?is _s ! g5u9e sons ( sci5ce h     

exhibit$1 :at has seem$ to "s1 a        
he>tless indiff]5ce :e!r _! discov]ies  
or !ories h>moniz$ ) ! ,scriptures or n1
 or affect$ ! receiv$ op9ions (         
,*ri/5dom on subjects p]ta9+ to religion
 or morals4 ,!y h be5 sublimely         
unconc]n$ z to results 9 any su*        
direction4 ,!y h inve/igat$1 exam9$1    
comp>$1 collat$1 ) long-cont9u$ & pati5t
 toil1 to ga!r f ! buri$ pa/ ! actual   
/ory ( its dep>t$ cycles2 !y h n be5    
tr\bl$ le/ !y %\ld imp+e on ! cre$s ( ! 
religi\s _w1 or compel important        
modifications 9 ! lectures ( le>n$      
,pr(essors4 ,?is 0 no c>e ( !irs4 ,!y   
discov]$ facts1 !y did n make !m4  ,n[ )
 all due respect = ! op9ions & feel+s ( 
religi\s p1 we hesitate n to affirm t   
?is _s is ! only true "o 9 sci5tific m54
 ,conc$+1 z we mu/1 ! supremacy ( facts 
9 _! own sph]e1 & grant+ t1 z mundane & 
human affairs n[ /&1 ! evid5ce ( !      
s5ses1 purg$ f fraud & illusion1 mu/ be 
held to be conclusive1 we *e]fully aw>d 
to sci5tific m5 ! l>ge/ lib]ty to pursue

 _! inquiries 9 matt]s ( fact1 utt]ly   
reg>dless ( ! havoc :i* may be !reby    
wr\ght among ! traditional1 beliefs (   
m54 ,9 no o!r way c sci5ce be true to   
h]self4 ,%e is ! *ild ( induction4 ,%e c
 ackn[l$ge no au?ority b :at has be5    
en?ron$ by inductive reason+2 & 7 %e to 
adju/ h] conclusions1 & g>ble h] facts1 
to suit ! fai?s1 beliefs1 prejudices1 or
 traditions ( m51 %e w\ld !reby falsify 
h] inmo/ life1 & /ultify h]self be=e !  
_w4 ,& 9 ?is connection we may premise t
 we reg>d z wor?y ( all comm5dation !   
/raight=w>d & unemb>rass$ mann] 9 :i*   
,sir ,*>les ,lyell pursues 8 inquiries  
into ! geological evid5ces ( ! antiquity
 ( man4 ,he c\ld n h be5 unaw>e t he 0  
/rik+ a pond]\s bl[ at "o ( ! ma9       
traditions ( ,*ri/5dom2 nay1 t if       
successful 9 e/abli%+ 8 conclusions1 he 
mu/ revolutionize1 to a l>ge ext5t1 !   
religi\s ?9k+ ( ! civilization amid :i* 
he moves2 & yet he moves /eadily &      
quietly =w>d1 calm z ,m>ius amid ! ru9s 
( ,c>?age1 n /opp+ to consid] :at       

,biblical m5 w d ) 8 facts2 nev] m ?an  
t\*+ ^u _! religi\s be>+s2 int5t only on
 asc]ta9+ :at ! facts are1 & :at !y     
tea*4 ,?is1 we say1 is ! _s & temp] ( ! 
true philosoph]--?is betok5s ! g5u9e son
 ( sci5ce4 ,z well might we dem& (      
,watt1 or ,fulton1 or ,davy1 or ,brew/]1
 or ,f>aday1 9 pursu+ _! inquiries into 
! nature & laws ( /eam1 electricity1    
galvanism1 or light1 to be c>eful t _!  
discov]ies imp+e n on ! tea*+s (        
religion or ! cre$ ( or?odoxy1 z to dem&
 ( ,lyell to inve/igate ! antiquity (   
man 9 humble def]5ce to ! well-e/abli%$ 
belief ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w t he has no 
su* antiquity4 ,n a bitt] ?+ is said 9 !
 :ole book aga9/ any traditional belief2
 ! ,scriptures are sc>cely m ?an allud$ 
to2 he seems sc>cely consci\s t he is   
attempt+ to e/abli% conclusions at      
v>iance ) ! *]i%$ cre$s ( va/ multitudes
 ( m54 ,to "s ?is may seem ! call\sness 
( infidelity2 to u x seems ! sublime    
composure ( sci5ce4 ,to him1 ! fact 9 ! 
case is ev]y?+2 & he is cont5t to leave 

x to "w its own results4  ,:at n[1 on ! 
o!r h&1 h be5 ! _s & temp] ( ! religi\s 
press & ! pulpit t\*+ ! progress (      
sci5ce1 & especially its encroa*m5ts ^u 
! anci5t l&m>ks ( traditional belief8   
,we are sorry to be compell$ to say t1 )
 "s honorable exceptions1 ! _s manife/$ 
by religi\s j\rnals & cl]gym5 g5]ally1  
has n be5 wor?y ( unqualifi$ admiration4
 ,9 _m in/ances !y h %[n a dogg$        
det]m9ation to he> no?+ on ! subject4   
,assum+1 ) absolute confid5ce1 n only t 
! ,scriptures are :at ! ,*ur* claims !m 
to be1 b t _! int]pretation ( !m is     
infallible1 !y h affect$ to ignore all !
 f9d+s ( sci5ce1 & to treat !m1 9 _!    
be>+ on ,biblical int]pretation1 z      
pr(ane int]m$dl+ ) div9e ?+s4 ,!y seem  
to imag9e t _! safety consi/s 9 n see+  
dang]1 l ! o/ri* hid+ its head 9 ! s&1 &
 suppos+ t !reby its :ole body is       
protect$4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 :ile pr(ess+ 
a will+ness to he>--to seek tru?--to n  
be afraid ( ! light--to boa/ ( sci5ce   
ev5 z ! h&maid ( religion--!y h %[n a   

disposition to decry ! alleg$ discov]ies
 ( sci5ce1 to ridicule its suppos$      
facts1 to make light ( a :ole           
concat5ation ( evid5ce1 to prate ( !    
unc]ta9ties & vacillations ( sci5ce1 to 
sne] at 'scioli/s1' or 'm]e m5 (        
sci5ce1' to w>n aga9/ ! 'babbl+s (      
sci5ce' & 'philosophy falsely s call$1' 
& meantime !y h betray$ a n]v\s         
s5sitiv5ess ) reg>d to c]ta9 alleg$     
discov]ies & facts com+ to ! popul> e>4 
,!y affect to sne] at ! 'wise week' ( ! 
meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = !      
,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 & to turn !      
proce$+s ( t body into ridicule1 by     
c>icatur+ ! importance atta*$ to "s m9or
 organ ( ! human or animal frame1 9 !   
det]m9ation ( specific id5tity or       
diff]5ce4 ,:ile absolutely ignorant ( ! 
true /ate ( ! case z x /&s 9 ! sci5tific
 _w1 !y ?und] f ! pulpit 9 ! e>s ( _!   
p--a position :]e !y are safe f         
reply--crudities & mon/rosities ( sci5ce
 at :i* ! humble/ memb] ( ! a=esaid     
,association w\ld smile4 ,9 o!r         

in/ances1 ) a mo/ un=tunate or misguid$ 
zeal1 !y w\ld fa9 compel ,*ri/ian fai?  
to ov]ride & trav]se all ^? great laws (
 evid5ce :i* regulate human belief 9 o!r
 matt]s4 ,!y d n dispute ! facts (      
sci5ce :5 cle>ly e/abli%$--!y w conc$e  
to !m an exi/5ce z facts 9 _! own       
sph]e--b !y hold ! ,scriptures1 z be+   
inspir$ & infallible1 to be transc5d5t &
 p>am\nt1 & n to be affect$ by any      
possible comb9ation ( facts4 ,t is to   
say1 if ! ,scriptures tea* ! unity ( !  
race1 or ! univ]sality ( ! deluge1 or ! 
mod]n orig9 ( man--& if !y und]/& !m to 
tea* ^! ?+s1 !y d tea* !m = !m--!y hold 
t no am\nt ( evid5ce :i* sci5ce may     
adduce c be ( any avail1 ev5 ?\gh x     
might am\nt to absolute c]ta9ty1 did n !
 ,scriptures /& 9 ! way4 ,y may believe 
! facts ( sci5ce1 if y *oose1 b !       
,scriptures mu/ be believ$ to ! contr>y 
not)/&+4 ,if sci5ce does n agree ) !    
,scriptures1 s mu* ! worse = sci5ce--t  
is its own affair4 ,?is is ! s5tim5t1   
di/9ctly utt]$ n long s9ce by a le>n$   

,am]ican ,pr(essor4 ,consi/5tly ) ?is   
view1 !y ma9ta9 t ! ,scriptures are to  
be held z an au?ority 9 sci5tific       
matt]s2 t sci5ce mu/ ord] its           
conclusions 9 accordance ) !m2 & t any  
facts are to be di/ru/$ :i* conflict ) !
 decl>ations ( ! ,bible4 ,!y w\ld ?us   
place ! ,scriptures & nature 9 a po/ure 
( antagonism2 & require ,*ri/ian fai? to
 trample ^u & triumph ov] ! evid5ce ( ! 
s5ses1 z x is requir$ to triumph ov] !  
_w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil4 ,:at mu/ be ?\ght
 ( an o!rwise educat$ body ( m5 :o w\ld 
will+ly r$uce ! fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian _w to 
su* a po/ure z t8  ,fur!rmore1 9 ! g5]al
 _s & temp] ( ! religi\s press ) ref]5ce
 to sci5ce & sci5tific m51 !re is mu* to
 criticize & condemn4 ,x is (t5 snappi%1
 petulant1 ill-humor$1 unfair1 &        
sometimes malici\s 9 ! extreme4 ,su*    
opprobri\s t]ms z infidelity1           
irreligion1 rationaliz+ t5d5cies1       
naturalism1 contempt = ! ,scriptures1   
etc41 are freely us$4 ,sci5tific m5 are 
call$ infidel pret5d]s1 & are *>g$ ) a  

secret conspiracy to ov]?r[ ! fai? ( !  
,*ri/ian _w4 ,a respectable religi\s    
weekly pap] 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 notic+ ,sir 
,*>les ,lyell's "w1 :ile c>efully )hold+
 f its read]s ! slighte/ notion ( !     
array ( evid5ce adduc$ 9 ! book1 is     
prompt to in=m !m t ! le>n$ au?or %[s 8 
want ( respect = ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,ano!r1 9
 notic+ ! acc\nt ( ! la/ h\rs ( ,mr4    
,buckle1 is almo/ ready to exult 9 !    
fact t 9 ! wreck & pro/ration ( 8 great 
p[]s he :9$ out pite\sly3 ',i am go+    
mad6' & intimates t 8 m5tal suff]+s are 
to be attribut$ to ! judicial visitation
 ( ,god1 inflict$ z a puni%m5t = !      
employm5t ( ^? p[]s 9 ! s]vice (        
infidelity4 ,an able1 ?\gh g5]ally      
absurd qu>t]ly j\rnal1 9 review+ ,hugh  
,mill]'s ',te/imony ( ! ,rocks1' f9ds 9 
"s ( 8 gorge\s speculations premonitions
 ( t m5tal ab]ration :i* end$ 8 life1 & 
does n hesitate to attribute ! f9al     
cata/rophe to ! ov]work+ ( 8 p[]s 9 !   
s]vice ( pret5ti\s & unsanctifi$ sci5ce4
 ,noble & true-he>t$ son ( ! ,*ur* ?\gh 

he 01 & ?\gh labor+ ) h]culean /r5g? to 
set ! ,bible & sci5ce 9 h>mony1 he has n
 escap$ ! env5om$ %afts ( a portion ( ! 
religi\s press4 ,by "s he has be5 op5ly 
br&$ z a traitor 9 ! camp4  ,n[ ?is     
unseemly heat & ?is unbecom+ _s & temp] 
may be cloak$ "u a zeal = religion4 ,x  
may be said t we are to 'cont5d e>ne/ly 
= ! fai?4' ,we answ]1 v]ily1 b nev] ) ! 
weapons ( malice & wick$ness4 ,?is mode 
( treat+ sci5ce1 if p]si/$ 91 mu/ end   
only 9 *agr9 & defeat to ! p>ties       
employ+ x1 = ! simple reason t x does   
viol5ce to reason1 nature1 & all ! laws 
( man's be+4 ,sci5ce _c be turn$ aside 9
 h] /r5u\s & ev]-successful progress by 
any su* imp$im5ts ?r[n 9 h] way4 ,!     
cle>1 calm1 cog5t facts & inf]5ces ( !  
philosoph] _c be met successfully by !  
half-suppress$ %riek ( ! m]e ,biblici/4 
,& x mu/ be at once p]ceiv$ t any su*   
treatm5t ( sci5ce1 any su* half-conceal$
 fe> ( ! progress ( sci5ce1 any su*     
unfair & spiteful be>+ t[>d sci5tific   
m51 argues a secret di/ru/ ( ! sy/em or 

doctr9e :i* is assum$ to be held &      
pr(ess$ly def5d$4 ,^! petulant & mu*    
di/urb$ editors & div9es mu/ be really  
afraid t ! gr\nd is be+ und]m9$ b5ea? _!
 feet4 ,if a man really believes !      
inspiration & infallibility ( !         
,scriptures1 he may feel p]fectly at    
ease z to any facts pres5t or pa/ 9 !   
wide univ]se4 ,b if he is n s sure ( !m1
 & wi%es1 = "s p]sonal or int]e/$       
motive1 to believe !m1 he w be easily   
di/urb$ by any?+ :i* seems to militate  
aga9/ !m4 ,if ! ,scriptures are true1 !y
 c nev] be %[n to be false--if !y are n 
true1 we ought n to wi% to believe !m4  
,! _s & temp] above indicat$ are :olly  
out ( h>mony ) ! g5]al _s ( ,prote/ant  
,*ri/ianity4 ,x has ev] be5 ! boa/ (    
,prote/antism t x seeks ! light1 t x    
seeks discussion1 t x ass]ts ! "r (     
private judgm5t1 t x c\rts inve/igation1
 & is will+ to expose all its claims to 
! broad light ( day4 ,x claims to be an 
ev]la/+ prote/ aga9/ prie/ly tyranny1 & 
monki% au?ority1 & abject spiritual     

s]vitude 9 ! laity4 ,/range1 if 9 ?is   
new phase ( its hi/ory x %\ld fail to be
 true to itself6  ,aft] ! ,*ri/ian _w   
came g5]ally to accept ! /atem5t (      
,*alm]s t ! writ+s ( ,moses d n fix !   
antiquity ( ! _w1 & be=e sci5ce _h begun
 to moot s]i\sly ! que/ions ( ! unity ( 
! race1 ! univ]sality ( ! ,noahian      
deluge1 & ! antiquity ( man1 x 0 ! cu/om
 ( cl]gym5 g5]ally to re*o ! true       
,prote/ant /ra94 ,!y claim$ sci5ce4 ,!y 
expect$ mu* ( h]4 ,!y wi%$ full & free  
discussion 9 ord] t /ill /rong] ramp>ts 
might be erect$ ar\nd ! citadel ( _!    
fai?4 ,:y %\ld ! tone be *ang$ n[8 ,9 ! 
ye> #ahdj1 ! ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes1 (     
,philadelphia1 :o has long occupi$ a    
highly respectable & influ5tial position
 among ! cl]ical body 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 an
 address on ! ',progress & ,t5d5cies (  
,sci5ce1' deliv]$ be=e ! lit]>y         
societies ( "o ( ! colleges (           
,p5nsylvania1 gave utt]ance to ! foll[+ 
noble s5tim5ts3       ',x has co/ mu* to
 ov]come ?is'--t is1 ! panic fe>s (     

,*ri/ian p at ! amaz+ progress &        
discov]ies (      sci5ce--'& to re/ore  
confid5ce to ! ,*ri/ian _w t !          
rese>*es ( sci5ce w nev] p]man5tly cla% 
) !      doctr9es ( revelation4 ,b !    
,*ri/ian _w has come to t2      & sci5ce
 is to receive no m ob/ruction h5ce=? f 
any      al>m t its discov]ies w        
contrav5e ! reveal$ tru? (      ,god4   
,no future ,galileo is to be imprison$  
because he c look      f>!r into ! works
 ( nature ?an o!r m52 & ! po9t      :i* 
we h ga9$ n[1 is t no ob/ruction is to  
be ?r[n 9      ! way ( sci5ce by any    
dread t any sci5tific tru? w      infr+e
 on any !ological sy/em4 ,! great tru?  
has gone =?      at la/1 n to be        
recall$1 t ! a/ronom] may po9t 8        
glass to ! heav5s z long & z pati5tly z 
he pleases1      )\t appreh5d+          
opposition f ! ,*ri/ian _w2 !      *emi/
 may subject all objects to ! action ( !
 crucible &      ! bl[pipe1 ') none to  
mole/ him or make him afraid2' !        
geologi/ may p5etrate to any "p ( !     

e>?--may dig z deep      z he pleases1 &
 no "o may be al>m$4'  ,?is exhibits    
true ,*ri/ian c\rage & confid5ce1 & has 
! g5u9e ,prote/ant r+4 ,x is bas$1      
h[ev]1 on ! supposition t no possible   
conflict c arise betwe5 sci5ce & 8      
und]/&+ ( ! ,scriptures1 & x is d\btful 
:e!r ! same equanimity c\ld be ma9ta9$  
ev5 9 ! au?or's m9d if ! 'progress &    
t5d5cies ( sci5ce' %\ld take an         
unexpect$ direction4 ,?us1 9 ! same     
address1 he says3       ',"o fact is    
rem>kable4 ,! geologi/ proves t ! _w has
      /ood _m ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & we _c d5y 
x4 ,he po9ts to      fossil rema9s1 &   
tells u ( ord]s ( animals t liv$ _m     
ye>s be=e ! ,mosaic p]iod ( ! creation (
 man4 ,! ,bible      tells u t ,,man 0  
creat$ ab\t six ?\s& ye>s      ago4 ,n[1
 ! mat]ial fact is1 t amid all ! fossil 
rema9s (      ! geologi/1 & all !       
records ( pa/ times1 !re is no pro(     
t man has liv$ long] ?an t p]iod2 b !re 
is abundant      pro( to ! contr>y4     
,amid all on :i* ! geologi/ relies to   

demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( animals prior to 
! ,mosaic acc\nt (      ! creation1 he  
has n pres5t$ u ) "o human bone1 or     
) "o indication ( ! exi/5ce ( man4'     
,?is is "o ( ! facts1 among o!rs1 ^u :i*
 '! fri5ds ( sci5ce & revelation h equal
 cause to congratulate !mselves & ea*   
o!r4' ,b :at if ! fact %\ld *ange8 ,:at 
if n only "o1 b _m fossil human bones   
%\ld be f\nd8 ,h[ is a div9e1 :o has    
already said t ! ,bible tea*es ! mod]n  
orig9 ( man1 to avoid panic fe>s8       
,sci5ce is cumulative 9 its evid5ces1 & 
x is some:at haz>d\s to und]take to say1
 at any po9t1 t ! ultima ?ule ( discov]y
 has be5 rea*$4  ,we reit]ate n[1 9 !   
conclusion ( ^! prelim9>y matt]s1 !     
s5tim5t ( ,mr4 ,b>nes t sci5ce mu/ be   
free & untrammell$4 ,no matt] :at       
discov]ies may be made1 :at traditions  
ov]turn$1 :at fai?s unsettl$1 sci5ce mu/
 h a free re9 & an op5 c\rse4 ,x mu/ be 
s2 unless we return to m$ival d>kness & 
despotism4 ,sci5ce1 to be sci5ce at all1
 mu/ e/abli% its conclusions by its own 

me?ods1 & its me?ods mu/ be intact &    
supreme1 no matt] :at facts !y =ce ^u ! 
belief ( mank9d4 ,x _c accept any       
extrane\s au?ority4 ,x _c admit any     
=egone conclusions4 ,x _c accept !      
/atem5ts1 = in/ance1 ( ! fir/ *apt] (   
,g5esis z a/ronomical1 meteorological1  
geological1 or e?nological facts1 z !   
able b absurd ,review be=e ref]r$ to    
w\ld insi/4 ,x mu/ v]ify its own facts4 
,x _c he$ ! caveat ( any numb] or body (
 cl]gym51 or or?odox weekly newspap]s1  
:o might come =w>d & say1 respect+ !    
unity ( ! race1 or ! antiquity ( man3   
',g5tlem51 t "q is settl$4 ,x is put    
beyond ! purview ( y\r sci5ce4 ,an      
absolute & infallible au?ority has      
det]m9$ x4 ,to moot x is pr(ane4' ,any  
su* attempt w\ld be bo? prepo/]\s &     
useless4 ,! age w def5d ! fre$om (      
sci5ce2 & let all reasonable & "r-?9k+  
m5 take com=t 9 ! conviction t 9 ! long 
run ! conclusions rea*$ w be "r1 9      
accordance ) fact1 9 accordance ) tru?1 
& t no p]man5t int]e/ ( religion or     

morals c suff]4  ,b we beg p>don = hold+
 ! read] s long by ! button1 :ile ,sir  
,*>les ,lyell & 8 book h be5 kept 9 !   
backgr\nd4 ,^! ?\ghts h be5 ^u our m9d =
 _m mon?s1 & we h felt impell$ to give  
utt]ance to !m "h4  ,! publication ( ?is
 "w we reg>d z an ev5tful matt] 9 !     
hi/ory ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,! "t c\ld n h be5
 f> di/ant :5 :at we may call !         
geological hi/ory ( man on ?is planet1  
mu/ h come be=e ! popul> m9d2 & x is    
c]ta9ly a matt] ( congratulation t "o ( 
! mo/ v5]able1 indefatigable1 cauti\s1 &
 successful inve/igators ( mod]n times  
has und]tak5 ! task ( giv+ to ! public a
 full & labor$ rsum ( ! evid5ce :i* has 
accumulat$ on ! subject4 ,n unfrequ5tly 
are ! bigotry & prejudice ( well-mean+  
religi\s p int5sifi$ by ! imprud5t zeal 
( ! ,hotspurs ( sci5ce4 ,true sci5ce c  
always af=d to bide its "t1 & make ha/e 
sl[ly4  ,respect+ ! "w itself1 we beg9  
by say+ t ! !me propos$ is a p]fectly   
legitimate "o = sci5ce4 ,x is entirely  
p]t95t to sci5ce to und]take to se>* = !

 hidd5 traces ( man's =m] hi/ory1 if !re
 be any4 ,x is no dreaml& or cl\dl& :i* 
x proposes to explore4 ,x is no         
,quixotic adv5ture :i* x has gott5 up to
 a/oni% & al>m ! vulg>4 ,if our human   
ance/ors h liv$ fifty or "o hundr$ ?\s& 
ye>s long] on ?is planet ?an 0 g5]ally  
suppos$1 x is q likely !y h left "s     
traces beh9d !m4 ,& if s1 x is p]fectly 
legitimate = sci5ce to ga!r1 collate1 & 
int]pret ^? traces4 ,& f :at we "k ( h] 
pa/ a*ievem5ts1 we may assure ourselves 
t if man has _h su* a pre-hi/oric       
exi/5ce1 sci5ce w mo/ und\bt$ly prove x4
 ,%e has prov$ beyond all sane          
contradiction ! great age ( ! e>?4 ,%e  
has prov$ 9 l mann] ! va/ ext5t ( !     
univ]se 9 space4 ,%e has prov$ ! exi/5ce
 ( manifold =ms ( animal life on ?is    
planet = c\ntless ages be=e ! incom+ (  
man1 accord+ to ! popul> *ronology4 ,%e 
has prov$1 approximately1 ! ord] &      
succession ( animal life z x arose1 & ! 
=ms x assum$ z ! long cycles ( ages     
roll$ on4 ,all ^! 7 legitimate !mes =   

sci5ce2 & all ( !m 7 oppos$ to ! popul> 
belief at ! "t--z mu* s z is ! antiquity
 ( man n[4 ,& fur!r1 we say t ! m]e     
suspicion t any su* ?+ may be--! m]e    
surmise ( any su* fact--! m]e/ inkl+ :i*
 sci5tific m5 may get ( a secret yet    
hidd5 b5ea? ! veil1 & wait+ to be       
reveal$--is a suffici5t ju/ification (  
^? t5tative ef=ts ( sci5ce :i* (t5      
result 9 ! atta9m5t ( "s gr& discov]y4  
,let no timid religioni/ *>ge ^u        
sci5tific m5 t !y are conspir+ ) malice 
prep5se to und]m9e ! popul> cre$s &     
ov]?r[ ! ,bible4 ,?is is %e] nons5se4   
,!y foll[ :]e nature beckons !m4 ,if man
 has _h a high antiquity on ?is e>?1    
sci5ce w f9d x out & prove x beyond a   
d\bt4 ,if he has n _h su* antiquity1    
sci5ce w discov] t too1 & prove x4 ,all 
we h to d is to let sci5ce h h] way4    
,ano!r rem>k :i* we make "h1 is respect+
 ! p[] :i* a s+le fact may h 9 ?is      
inve/igation4 ,x is n (t5 t great       
que/ions 9 hi/ory1 or social polity1 or 
jurisprud5ce are det]m9$ by a s+le fact4

 ,! great results ( hi/ory1 economics1 &
 law are effect$ by ! conv]g+ p[] ( _m  
facts4 ,s also 9 sci5ce4 ,its great     
results are det]m9$ by ! accumulat$ p[] 
( multitud9\s facts4 ,its f9al          
categories are fix$ by abundant         
c]ta9ties & manifold inductions4 ,& yet 
x may sometimes occur t a s+le fact may 
be ( su* a nature t !re is no escap+ !  
conclusion :i* x =ces ^u ! m9d4 ,x may  
conc5trate 9 itself all ! elem5ts (     
c]ta9ty usually obta9$ f _m s\rces4 ,x  
may be det]m9ative 9 its v nature1 &    
admit ( scepticism only at ! exp5se (   
rationality4 ,a s+le human grave1 ) its 
entomb$ skeleton1 discov]$ 9 "s         
un9habit$ wa/e1 :]e x 0 nev] kn[n ! foot
 ( man _h trod1 w\ld prove conclusively 
t human foot/eps _h once trod !re4 ,!   
discov]y ( a s+le weapon ( ! quality &  
temp] ( ! ,damascus blade amid ! ru9s ( 
a buri$ city1 w\ld prove z fully z w\ld 
! discov]y ( a ?\s& t ! p ( t age ( ! _w
 und]/ood ! me?ods ( work+ /eel4 ,"o    
canoe f\nd moor$ to ! bank ( ! ,delaw>e1

 ! ,s*uylkill1 or ! ,susquehanna1 :5 !  
:ite man began to p5etrate ?is cont95t1 
w\ld h be5 suffici5t to prove t !       
aborig9es und]/ood1 to t ext5t1 ! art ( 
navigation4 ,s 9 sci5ce1 "o fossil ( a  
diff]5t species f any f\nd h]et(ore 9 a 
c]ta9 deposit is suffici5t to add ano!r 
to ! =ms ( life repres5t$ by t deposit4 
,"o fossil f\nd l[] 9 ! geological scale
 ?an life 0 suppos$ to h begun on ?is   
planet1 is suffici5t to prove t x _h a  
/ill e>li] beg9n+4 ,s ) reg>d to        
contempor>y =ms ( life1 "o fact may be  
suffici5t to w>rant or compel a         
conclusion4 ,hugh ,mill] cites ! in/ance
 ( fossil dung be+ f\nd z prov+ to !    
anti-geologi/s t ^! fossils 7 once real 
liv+ creatures1 & n m]e freaks ( nature4
 ,! in/ance might n be ?\ght conclusive1
 = if ! ,au?or ( nature saw fit to amuse
 himself by mak+ ! semblances ( huge    
iguanodons1 elephants1 & hippopotami1 9 
! solid rocks1 x might readily be       
suppos$ t ,he w\ld ext5d ,8 amusem5t to 
! mak+ ( fossil dung4#b ,b n[1 if 9 !   

fossil entrails ( ! cave hy5a ! bones ( 
a h>e %\ld be f\nd1 x w\ld prove        
conclusively to any b an anti-geologi/1 
t ! h>e liv$ contemporane\sly ) ! hy5a4 
,^! rem>ks are n ?r[n 9 by way ( apology
 = ! paucity ( facts adduc$ by ,sir     
,*>les ,lyell to prove ! antiquity (    
man1 b m]ely to illu/rate ! =ce :i* x is
 possible1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 = a    
s+le fact to h4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 !      
,scot* fir is n n[1 nor ev] has be5 9   
hi/oric times1 a native ( ! ,dani%      
isles1 yet x has be5 indig5\s !re 9 !   
human p]iod1 = ,/e5/rup has tak5 out ) 8
 own h&s a fl9t implem5t f b5ea? "o !   
buri$ trunks ( t species 9 ! ,dani% peat
 bogs4 ,aga91 if an implem5t ( human    
workman%ip is f\nd 9 close proximity to 
! leg ( a be>1 or ! horn ( a re9de]1 (  
ext9ct species1 9 an anci5t cav]n1 & all
 cov]$ by a floor ( /alagmite1 we see n 
h[ ! conclusion is to be avoid$ t !y 7  
introduc$ into ! cave be=e ! /alagmite 0
 =m$2 & 9 t case ! inf]5ce t !y 7       
contemporane\s1 or ne>ly s1 may well be 

left to take c>e ( itself4 ,! attempt   
has be5 made to treat ) levity ! :ole   
subject ( ! antiquity ( man because ( ! 
num]ical meagr5ess ( ! facts adduc$ 9   
support ( x4 ,b z to ?is1 x ne$ only be 
obs]v$ t z a new !me = inve/igation1 its
 facts mu/ necess>ily be meagre1 z mu/  
be ! facts ( any sci5ce 9 its in*oate   
condition1 & t !y are /eadily gr[+ 9    
volume1 s t x is n safe to v5ture a f9al
 v]dict aga9/ x on t score4 ,! facts 9  
support ( ! globul> =m ( ! e>?1 or !    
,cop]nican !ory ( ! heav5s1 or ! great  
age ( ! e>?1 7 at "o "t meagre--!y are n
 s n[4 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell is a pione]   
explor] 9 a new & my/]i\s realm3 ! "t   
may come :51 amid ! abundance ( !       
treasure ga!r$ f x1 ! scanty ho>d :i* he
 op5s to 8 read] may seem meagre en\gh4 
,nev]!less1 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell is fully 
a believ] 9 ! doctr9e ( ! high antiquity
 ( man4 ,8 book is n m]ely a debat+-club
 discussion ( ! pros & cons1 !          
probabilities = & aga9/ ! doctr9e1 b r !
 e>ne/ plead+ ( ! advocate fully p]suad$

 t ! tru? is on 8 side4 ,n t x displays 
any =5sic heat2--x is calm1 cauti\s1    
dispassionate2 b x has ! air ( "o gov]n$
 by conviction1 & he (t5 assumes !      
entire tru? ( 8 conclusions ) ! quiet   
non*alance ( a man seem+ly unconsci\s t 
:at he reg>ds z matt]s ( e/abli%$       
c]ta9ty w be view$ by ! great majority (
 8 fell[ be+s z />tl+ novelties4  ,! ma9
 /ream ( ! geological evid5ce ( !       
antiquity ( man t5ds to "o po9t1 viz41 t
 man coexi/$ ) ! ext9ct animals4 ,!re   
are collat]al bran*es ( pro(1 b ?is is !
 ma9 *annel4 ,! rema9s ( man & ( man's  
works & ! rema9s ( ext9ct races (       
animals lie side by side1 & claim f !   
geologi/ ! same me$ ( antiquity4 ,?is is
 ! burd5 ( ! book be=e u4 ,we (f] !     
read] a brief outl9e ( ?is evid5ce4 ,9  
do+ s1 we w foll[ ! ord] ( ,sir ,*>les  
,lyell's "w1 & m]ely /ate ! lead+ facts 
:i* geological inve/igations h br\ght to
 light4  ,9 ! ,dani% isl&s !re are      
deposits ( peat f t5 to ?irty feet ?ick1
 =m$ 9 ! holl[s or depressions ( !      

nor!rn drift or b[ld] =mation4 ,^! b$s (
 peat h be5 exam9$ to ! bottom1 & !y    
reveal ! hi/ory ( vegetation 9 ^?       
localities1 & ! contemporane\s hi/ory ( 
human progress4 ,beg9n+ at ! top1 !     
explor] f9ds ! fir/ lay]s to conta9     
pr9cipally ! trunks ( ! bee* tree1 along
 ) implem5ts & tools ( wood & iron4     
,bel[ ^! is a deposit ( oak trunks1 )   
implem5ts ma9ly ( bronze4 ,f>!r d[n /ill
 he f9ds ! trunks ( ! ,p9us sylve/ris1  
or ,scot* fir1 toge!r ) implem5ts (     
/one4 ,?is cle>ly indicates t 9 ! lapse 
( c5turies ! p9e 0 supplant$ by ! oak1 &
 ! oak by ! bee*1 & t man advanc$       
contemporane\sly f ! k & use ( /one     
implem5ts to ^? ( bronze & iron4 ,n[ !  
kn[n fact is t 9 ! "t ( ! ,romans1 z n[1
 ! ,dani% isles 7 cov]$ by magnific5t   
bee* =e/s1 & t eighte5 c5turies h done  
little or no?+ t[>d *ang+ ! "* ( !      
vegetation4 ,h[ _m c5turies mu/ h elaps$
 to enable ! oak to supplant ! p9e1 & ! 
bee* to supplant ! oak1 c only be       
vaguely conjectur$4 ,yet ! evid5ce is   

cle> t man liv$ 9 ^? old p9e =e/s--leav+
 8 implem5ts ( /one beh9d him1 z he did 
8 tools ( bronze & iron 9 ! succe$+     
p]iods4 ,along ! coa/ ( ,d5m>k1 also1   
are f\nd %ell m\nds mix$ ) fl9t knives1 
hat*ets1 etc41 b nev] any tools ( bronze
 or iron1 %[+ t ! rude hunt]s & fi%]s :o
 f$ on ! oy/]1 cockle1 & o!r mollusks1  
liv$ 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,scot* fir1 or1 z x  
has be5 call$1 ! 'age ( /one4'  ,9 _m ( 
! ,swiss lakes are f\nd anci5t piles    
driv5 into ! bottom1 on :i* 7 once      
erect$ huts or villages1 ! lacu/r9e     
abodes ( man4 ,?is use ( !m is prov$ by 
! abundance ( fl9t implem5ts & fragm5ts 
( rude pott]y1 toge!r ) bones ( animals1
 :i* h be5 dr$g$ up f among ! piles4 ,! 
implem5ts f\nd belong to ! 'age ( /one1'
 or ! p]iod ( ! ,scot* fir 9 ,d5m>k1 & !
 bones ( animals are all1 ) "o          
exception1 ^? ( liv+ species4  ,pass+   
ov] ! fossil human rema9s & works ( art 
( ! 'rec5t' p]iod1 z f\nd 9 ! delta &   
alluvial pla9 ( ! ,nile1 9 ! anci5t     
m\nds ( ! valley ( ! ,ohio1 9 ! m\nds ( 

,santos 9 ,brazil1 9 ! delta ( !        
,mississippi1 9 :i*1 at ! dep? ( sixte5 
feet f ! surface1 "u f\r buri$ =e/s1    
sup]impos$ "o ^u ! o!r1 0 f\nd1 a few   
ye>s ago1 a human skeleton1 e/imat$ by  
,dr4 ,b4 ,d[l] to h be5 buri$ at lea/   
fifty ?\s& ye>s--9 ! coral reefs (      
,florida1 9 :i* fossil human rema9s 7   
f\nd1 e/imat$ by ,pr(essor ,agassiz to h
 an antiquity ( t5 ?\s& ye>s--9 ! rec5t 
deposits ( seas & lakes1 9 ! c5tral     
di/rict ( ,scotl&1 :i* be>s cle> traces 
( an upheaval s9ce ! human p]iod1 & 9 ! 
rais$ bea*es ( ,norway & ,sw$5--pass+   
ov] ^! = want ( space = m9ute detail1 we
 g back to ! po/-plioc5e p]iod1 & f9d ! 
bones ( man & works ( art 9             
juxtaposition ) ! fossil rema9s ( ext9ct
 mammalia4  ,9 ! cav]n ( ,bize1 9 ! s\? 
( ,france1 & 9 ! caves ( ,engis1        
,engih\l1 ,*oki]1 & ,g(fonta9e1 ne>     
,lige1 human bones & tee?1 toge!r )     
fragm5ts ( rude pott]y1 h be5 f\nd      
envelop$ 9 ! same mud & breccia1 &      
cem5t$ by /alagmite1 9 :i* are f\nd also

 ! l& %ells ( liv+ species & ! bones (  
mammalia1 "s ( ext9ct1 & o!rs ( rec5t   
species4 ,! *emical condition ( all !   
bones 0 f\nd to be ! same4 ,q a full    
acc\nt is giv5 ( ! rese>*es ( ,,mm4     
,j\rnal & ,*ri/ol 9 ! ,bize cav]n1 & (  
,dr4 ,s*m]l+ 9 ! ,lige cav]ns1 & e ef=t 
made1 app>5tly1 by ! au?or1 to weigh    
c&idly & hone/ly ! evid5ce = & aga9/ !  
contemporane\s exi/5ce & deposition ( ! 
human & mammalian rema9s4 ,& :ile he    
admits t at "o "t he 0 /rongly incl9$ to
 suspect t !y 7 n coeval#c1 yet he has  
be5 compell$ by subsequ5t evid5ce1      
especially 9 view ( ! fact t he has _h  
conv9c+ pro(s 9 lat] ye>s t ! rema9s ( !
 mammo? & _m o!r ext9ct species1 v      
common 9 caves1 occur also 9 undi/urb$  
alluvium1 imb$d$ 9 su* a mann] ) works (
 art z to leave no room = d\bt t man & !
 ext9ct animals coexi/$1 to reconsid] 8 
=m] op9ion1 & to assign to ! pro(s d]iv$
 f caves ( ! high antiquity ( man a mu* 
m positive & emphatic "*4  ,9 *apt] fif?
 we h a m9ute & int]e/+ acc\nt ( su*    

fossil human skulls & skeletons z h be5 
f\nd 9 caves & anci5t tumuli1 & a c>eful
 endeavor made to e/imate _! approximate
 age4 ,9 #aheg1 9 a cave situat$ 9 t "p 
( ! valley ( ! ,dssel1 ne> ,dsseldorf1  
:i* is call$ ! ,ne&]?al1 a skull &      
skeleton 7 f\nd1 buri$ b5ea? five feet (
 loam1 :i* 7 pron\nc$ by ,pr(essor      
,huxley & o!rs to be cle>ly human1 ?\gh 
indicat+ small c]ebral developm5t &     
uncommon /r5g? ( corporeal frame4 ,9 !  
,engis caves1 ne> ,lige1 portions ( six 
or sev5 human skeletons 7 f\nd1 imb$d$ 9
 ! same matrix ) ! rema9s ( ! elephant1 
rh9oc]os1 be>1 hy5a1 & o!r ext9ct       
quadrup$s4 ,9 an anci5t tumulus ne>     
,borrely1 9 ,d5m>k1 a human skull 0     
discov]$ :i* 0 adjudg$ by its surr\nd+s 
to belong to ! '/one p]iod' ( ,d5m>k1 or
 ! era ( ! ,scot* fir4 ,! c>eful        
anatomical exam9ation & comp>ison to :i*
 ^! skulls h be5 subject$1 h l$ to      
important discussions1 n only z to _!   
age1 b also z to _! relation to exi/+   
races4  ,next comes an ext5d$ acc\nt ( !

 fl9t implem5ts & o!r works ( art1 f\nd 
s abundantly 9 juxtaposition ) ! bones (
 ext9ct mammalia1 9 v>i\s localities--9 
a cave at ,brixham1 ne> ,torquay1 9     
,devon%ire2 9 ! alluvium ( ! ,?ames     
valley2 9 ! gravel ( ! valley ( ! ,ouse1
 ne> ,b$=d2 9 a fre%-wat] deposit at    
,hoxne 9 ,suffolk2 9 ! valley ( ! ,la*  
at ,ickl+ham2 9 a cav]n 9 ,som]set%ire2 
9 ! caves ( ,gom] 9 ,glamorgan%ire1 9   
,s\? ,wales2 & especially 9 ! gravel b$s
 ( ,abbeville & ,ami5s1 9 ,france1 &    
v>i\s localities ( ! valley ( ! ,somme4 
,z to ^! fl9t implem5ts1 !y are *iefly  
knives1 hat*ets1 & in/rum5ts ( t sort1 &
 !y h be5 f\nd 9 su* l>ge numb]s1 & su* 
div]se localities1 & s uni=mly 9 close  
proximity ) ! rema9s ( ! same species ( 
ext9ct mammalia1 t ! evid5ce d]iv$ f !m 
is1 to say ! lea/1 ( a v weighty "*1 & 9
 ! op9ion ( ,sir ,*>les ,lyell cle>ly   
e/abli%es ! fact t ,elephas primig5ius1 
,elephas antiquus1 ,rh9oc]os ti*orrh9us1
 ,ursus speloeus1 & o!r ext9ct species (
 ! po/-plioc5e alluvium1 coexi/$ ) man4 

,attempts h be5 made to ?r[ d\bt ^u ^!  
implem5ts1 fir/ ^u _! nature1 & next ^u 
_! g5u95ess2 b we ?9k no "o :o weighs ! 
evid5ce c&idly & c>efully1 c aw>d to ^! 
d\bts ! m]it ( respectability4 ,t !y are
 works ( art & n native =ms1 is1 we ?9k1
 z fully e/abli%$ z human obs]vation c  
e/abli% any?+2 & ?\gh frauds h be5      
rec5tly detect$1 x w\ld be no m absurd  
to attribute ! :ole ph5om5a ( fossil    
rema9s to fraudul5t manufacture1 ?an to 
ref] to ! same s\rce ! :ole s]ies ( fl9t
 implem5ts4 ,9 _m cases ! fl9t tools 7  
tak5 out ( _! position by ! h&s (       
sci5tific m5 !mselves1 & 9 o!rs !       
excavations 7 made "u _! imm$iate       
sup]vision4 ,m4 ,g&ry1 9 giv+ an acc\nt 
( 8 rese>*es at ,/4 ,a*eul1 9 #ahei1 to 
! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1  
says3 ',! great po9t 0 n to leave !     
workm5 = a s+le in/ant4'  ,b ! mo/      
rem>kable1 n to say />tl+ revelations ( 
! :ole book1 are ^? p]ta9+ to ! discov]y
 ( an anci5t place ( sepulture at       
,auvignac1 9 ! s\? ( ,france4 ,"h we    

seem to be br\ght1 z x 71 face to face )
 ! d5iz5s ( ! dep>t$ ages1 & to h !m />t
 up f _! anci5t tombs to tell ! /ory (  
_! dea? & sepulture4 ,we ent] ?is old   
burial place ) feel+s ( m /range &      
solemn awe ?an we c\ld h 9 ?read+ !     
catacombs ( ,rome4 ,an obscure village  
at ! foot ( ! ,pyr5ees reveals 9 its    
prec9cts a m a/\nd+ hi/ory ?an all !    
monum5ts & mausoleums ( ! 'et]nal' city4
  ,9 ! ye> #aheb1 a labor] nam$         
,bonnemaison1 employ$ 9 repair+ roads1  
obs]v$ t rabbits1 :5 hotly pursu$ by !  
sportsman1 ran into a hole :i* !y _h    
burr[$ 9 a talus ( small fragm5ts (     
lime/one & e>?y matt] lodg$ 9 a         
depression on ! face ( a /eep esc>pm5t (
 nummulitic lime/one :i* =ms ! bank ( a 
small brook ne> ! t[n ( ,auvignac4 ,on  
rea*+ z f> into ! op5+ z ! l5g? ( 8 arm1
 he drew out to 8 surprise "o ( ! long  
bones ( ! human skeleton2 & 8 curiosity 
be+ excit$1 & hav+ a suspicion t ! hole 
communicat$ ) a subt]ranean cavity1 he  
comm5c$ digg+ a tr5* ?r\gh ! middle ( ! 

talus1 & 9 a few h\rs f\nd himself      
opposite a heavy slab ( rock1 plac$     
v]tically aga9/ ! entrance4 ,hav+ remov$
 ?is1 he discov]$ on ! o!r side ( x an  
ar*$ cavity1 sev5 or eight feet 9 its   
greate/ height1 t5 9 wid?1 & sev5 9     
horizontal dep?4 ,x 0 almo/ fill$ )     
bones1 among :i* 7 two entire skulls1   
:i* he recogniz$ at once z human4 ,! p (
 ,auvignac flock$ 9 a/oni%m5t to ! spot1
 & ,dr4 ,amiel1 ! mayor1 hav+ fir/      
asc]ta9$ z a m$ical man & anatomi/ t !  
relics conta9$ ! bones ( sev5te5 human  
skeletons ( bo? sexes & all ages1 ord]$ 
!m all to be re9t]r$ 9 ! p>i% cemet]y4  
,9 #ahfj1 ,m4 ,l>tet1 a di/+ui%$ ,fr5*  
savan1 exam9$ ?or\ghly ! rema9+ cont5ts 
( ! cav]n & its surr\nd+s & approa*es4  
,he f\nd1 on remov+ ! talus :i* fill$ up
 ! depression on ! face ( ! rock1 a     
level t]race lead+ to ! m\? ( ! cave4   
,on ?is t]race 0 a lay] ( *>coal & a%es1
 eight in*es ?ick1 conta9+ fragm5ts (   
brok51 burnt1 & gnaw$ bones ( ext9ct &  
rec5t mammalia1 9 all "s n9ete5 species1

 & "s sev5ty or eighty individuals4     
,also 9 ! same deposit 7 he>?/ones1 &   
works ( art1 fl9t knives1 projectiles1  
sl+-/ones1 & *ips4 ,_m ( ! bones ( !    
ext9ct h]bivora 7 /reak$1 z if ! fle% _h
 be5 scrap$ (f !m by a fl9t in/rum5t1 & 
o!rs 7 split op51 z if = ! purpose (    
extract+ ! m>r[4 ,inside ! grotto 7 two 
or ?ree feet ( made e>? mix$ ) human & a
 few animal bones ( ext9ct & rec5t      
species4 ,none ( !m1 h[ev]1 burnt or    
gnaw$2 & num]\s small flat plates ( a   
:ite %elly sub/ance made ( "s species ( 
cockle1 p]=at$ 9 ! middle z if = !      
purpose ( be+ /rung into a bracelet2    
also "s mem5tos & memorials ( ! *ase & !
 sepulture4 ,did no oppos+ traditions /&
 9 ! way1 we are q sure ! evid5ce       
elicit$ f ?is exam9ation w\ld at once   
fix its "* z a burial place1 ( an       
antiquity coeval ) ! exi/5ce ( ! great  
ext9ct mammalia ( ! po/-plioc5e p]iod4  
,x1 h[ev]1 conta9s "s features ( special
 int]e/4 ,9 ! words ( ,sir ,*>les       
,lyell3       ',! ,auvignac cave adds no

 new species to ! li/ ( ext9ct          
quadrup$s1 :i* we h else:]e1 & by       
indep5d5t evid5ce1      asc]ta9$ to h   
once fl\ri%$ contemporane\sly ) man4 ,b 
if ! fossil memorials h be5 correctly   
int]pret$--if we h      "h be=e u at !  
nor!rn base ( ! ,pyr5ees a sepul*ral    
vault ) skeletons ( human be+s1 consign$
 by fri5ds &      relatives to _! la/   
re/+ place--if we h also at !           
portal ( ! tomb ! relics ( fun]al fea/s1
 & )9 x      indications ( vi&s de/9$ = 
! use ( ! dep>t$ on _!      way to ! l& 
( spirits2 :ile among ! fun]al gifts are
      weapons :]e) 9 o!r fields to *ase 
! gigantic de]1 !      cave lion1 ! cave
 be>1 & woolly rh9oc]os--we h at la/    
succe$$ 9 trac+ back ! sacr$ rites (    
burial1 &1 m      int]e/+ /ill1 a belief
 9 a future /ate1 to times long         
ant]ior to ^? ( hi/ory & tradition4     
,rude & sup]/iti\s      z may h be5 !   
savage ( t remote era1 he /ill des]v$1  
by *]i%+ ! hopes ( a h]eaft]1 ! epi!t ( 
'noble1'      :i* ,dryd5 gave to :at he 

seems to h pictur$ to himself z      !  
primitive condition ( our race3         
',z ,nature fir/ made man1        ,:5   
wild 9 woods ! noble savage ran4'  ,!   
rema9d] ( ! book1 s f> z x relates to ! 
evid5ces ( man's antiquity1 is ma9ly    
occupi$ ) ! consid]ation ( ! glacial    
p]iod1 9 its relation to ! indications (
 man's fir/ appe>ance 9 ,europe4 ,x be>s
 evid5ce ?r\gh\t ( ! h& ( a ma/]4 ,!    
gigantic ph5om5a & wond]ful ag5cies ( t 
m>vell\s p]iod 9 geological hi/ory--its 
va/ icefields & glaci]s1 ) _! movem5ts1 
drifts1 & d5udations--its coa/ ice &    
glacial lakes & riv]s--! ris+s & s9k+s (
 level ( isl&s & cont95ts1 are all      
consid]$ & discuss$ 9 a ?or\ghly        
intellig5t & s*ol>ly mann]4 ,& "h1 also1
 amid ! debris ( ?is f>-di/ant &        
inhospitable era1 has man left ! traces 
( 8 exi/5ce1 z indubitably1 accord+ to  
,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 z ! great iceb]gs   
!mselves4 ,n only is x prov5 t man      
coexi/$ ) ! ext9ct animals1 b also t he 
coexi/$ ) ! ext9ct glaci]s4 ,we h n     

space1 h[ev]1 to foll[ out 9 detail ?is 
evid5ce4  ,! la/ five *apt]s ( ! book   
are devot$ to ! discussion ( c]ta9      
subjects ( vital int]e/ & great mom5t j 
n[ 9 ! sci5tific _w--! !ories (         
progression1 developm5t1 transmutation1 
& v>iation ( species4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1  
to be ! int5tion ( ! au?or to give u1 n 
s mu* 8 own views z a g5]al rsum or     
outl9e ( ! t5d5cies & conclusions ( !   
sci5tific _w ^u ^! subjects4 ,?is he    
does ) 8 usual fulness1 c&or1 &         
imp>tiality2 & ! read] at ! same "t     
ga!rs f him t he is /rongly incl9$ to   
accept ! doctr9e ( ! orig9 ( species by 
'v>iation & natural selection1' & to    
accord va/ p]iods ( "t = ! work+s ( t   
law ( developm5t & transmutation :i* he 
believes to p]vade all mundane affairs4 
,consid]able space is devot$ to !       
consid]ation ( man's place 9 nature1 &  
especially to ! discussions aris+ out ( 
! comp>ison ( ! human & simian bra92 &  
:ile ! au?or fully admits ! va/ gulf    
plac$ betwe5 man & ! animal creation    

bel[ him--a gulf :i* sci5ce _c          
bridge--by virtue ( ! moral & religi\s  
nature ( man1 yet he po9t$ly prote/s    
aga9/ conf\nd+ di/9ct ord]s ( ideas1 &  
insi/s t man z a physical be+ is cle>ly 
( ! same ord] z ! gorilla & ape2 & he   
does n %r9k f accept+ ! possibility t !y
 all may h sprung by successive /ages or
 'leaps' f ! same primordial =m4 ,8     
conclud+ words are1 t 's f> f hav+ a    
mat]iali/ic t5d5cy1 ! suppos$           
introduction into ! e>? at successive   
p]iods ( life--s5sation1 in/9ct1 !      
intellig5ce ( ! high] mammalia1 bord]+  
on reason--& la/ly ! improvable reason (
 man himself1 pres5ts u ) a picture ( ! 
ev]-increas+ dom9ion ( m9d ov] matt]4'  
,to our m9d "o ?+ is c]ta94 ,! :ole     
sci5tific _w is drift+ sl[ly1 b /eadily 
& surely1 to ! v]ification &            
acceptance--) c]ta9 & 9 "s cases        
important modifications--( ! developm5t 
hypo!sis ( ,maillet1 ,lam>ck1 ,la       
,place1 ,ow51 & ! au?or ( ! ',ve/iges#d 
( ,creation4' ,! movem5t rem9ds "o ( !  

motion ( "o ( ! great ,gre5l& glaci]s1 s
 sl[1 quiet1 almo/ imp]ceptible1 yet    
inexorable z fate--he$less ( all        
ob/acles4 ,z 9 ! case ( all great1 g5u9e
 revolution>y or =mative ideas1 x is    
curi\s to wat* ! incid5ts ( its c>e]--to
 note ! al>m1 indignation1 scorn1 & holy
 horror occasion$ by its fir/           
ann\ncem5t--to obs]ve ^! subsid+        
gradually into pati5t endurance &       
p]missive suff]ance1 & ^! aga9 giv+     
place to a c]ta9 curiosity & wakeful    
int]e/1 culm9at+ at la/ 9 d[nright      
advocacy & *ampion%ip4  ,we are incl9$  
to ?9k t great inju/ice has be5 done !  
developm5t !ory 9 ! "n ( morals &       
religion4 ,!re has be5 no end to ! rail+
 aga9/ x on ! "p ( cl]gym51 ,biblical   
int]pret]s1 !ological ,pr(essors1 &     
or?odox editors4 ,x 0 held to put       
inf9ite di%onor ^u ! ,creator1 n only to
 suppose t ,he %\ld take _m millions (  
ye>s to make a _w1 b t ,he %\ld employ !
 same l5g!n$ p]iod to make man1 in/ead (
 speak+ him into exi/5ce by a ^w4 ,x 0  

held to put inf9ite di%onor ^u !        
,scriptures to suppose t !y %\ld be     
und]/ood 9 any b ! mo/ lit]al s5se4 ,& x
 0 held to put inf9ite di%onor ^u man to
 suppose t he 0 ki? & k9 ) !            
monkey--bone ( ! bone & fle% ( ! fle% ( 
! unreason+ quadrup$s1 ov] :i* 9 8 god-l
 royalty he 0 to sway 8 imp]ial         
sceptre--& ?is1 too1 by a class ( tea*]s
 :o c\ld nev] h en\gh ( ?und]+ 9 ! e>s (
 m5 _! degradation1 _! lo/1 debas$1     
ins5sate1 & damnable condition1 worse   
?an t ( bea/s or devils4  ,n[1 ) all    
def]5ce1 we beg to say t ?is developm5t 
!ory does n /rike u z s fraught )       
di%onor1 ei!r to ! p[]s 9 heav5 or !    
be+s ^u e>?4 ,x has = _m ye>s impress$ u
 ) its gr&eur z an intellectual         
conception4 ,we d\bt :e!r any?+ s gr&   
has dawn$ ^u ! m9d ( mod]n civilization 
s9ce ! days ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,& we
 _c see :at di%onor x c "w to ei!r ,god 
or man--especially if x be prov$ to be  
true4 ,we reg>d x1 s f> z !re is tru? 9 
x1 z "o ( ^? great g]m9ant se$-?\ghts1  

:i* at long int]vals are dropp$ into !  
soil ( ! human m9d2 & ?\gh ! m9d ( !    
age1 9 its fir/ impulses ( joy1 may play
 wild gambols ) x1 x is de/9$ 9 ! end to
 m\ld & control ! ?9k+ ( ! civiliz$ _w4 
,b ap>t f its tru? or falsity1 9 :ole or
 9 "p1 reg>d$ simply z an intellection1 
x /rikes u z "o ( ! gr&e/ ( mod]n times4
 ,spread+ itself ov] almo/ illimitable  
space1 grasp+ back ?r\gh almo/          
illimitable "t1 claim+ = itself !       
b\ndless multiplicity ( type1 & =m1 &   
life1 & law ( ! organic _w1 & unfold+ to
 ! wond]+ gaze ! va/ prophetic          
possibilities ( ! future1 x possesses   
all ! attributes ( gr&eur1 magnific5ce1 
sublimity1 & my/]y4 ,if x is a phantasm1
 x is m gorge\s ?an ! mo/ spl5did       
creations ( poetry4 ,if x is a mirage1 x
 is m beautiful ?an any t ev] bewild]$ !
 vision ( en*ant$ travell]4 ,if x is an 
ignis fatuus1 x is m pot5t ?an any ev]  
rais$ by ! spell ( ! sorc]]4 ,b :e!r    
phantasm1 mirage1 ignis fatuus1 or sob] 
b gr& reality1 w assur$ly be f\nd out by

 sci5ce be=e ano!r half c5tury4 ,& !    
ultimate f9d+ ( sci5ce1 :atev] x may be1
 mu/ & w be believ$4  ,x is1 ( c\rse1 n 
to be expect$ t ! evid5ce ?us adduc$ by 
,sir ,*>les ,lyell 9 behalf ( !         
antiquity ( man1 w be accept$ z         
conclusive by ! religi\s & ?9k+ _w 9    
g5]al )\t a ?or\gh sift+ & an e>ne/     
/ruggle4 ,x is too novel & revolution>y 
9 its t5d5cies4 ,& inde$ x ought to be  
subject$ to ! sev]e/ ordeal ( fact &    
reason4 ,x is 9 ?is way alone t ! gold5 
gra9s ( tru? are sep>at$ f ! dross (    
crude conjecture & ha/y g5]alization4   
,we are n prep>$ ourselves to say t !   
evid5ce itself is f9al & conclusive4 ,we
 h sket*$ x = ! purpose ( giv+ !        
di/+ui%$ au?or a full he>+1 & af=d+ !   
read] an opportunity to judge = himself4
 ,we await ! logical sequ5ces ( "t1 kn[+
 full well t ! laws :i* regulate !      
progress ( sci5ce are z /able &         
infallible z ! laws :i* control !       
motions ( ! sol> & planet>y sy/ems4 ,"o 
?+1 h[ev]1 we may be excus$ = say+3 ,all

 ! attempts we h se5 to p>ry ! =ce ( ?is
 evid5ce1 & to acc\nt = ! ackn[l$g$     
ph5om5a & facts )9 ! s*$ule ( ! receiv$ 
*ronology1 /rike u z s+ul>ly & pa9fully 
feeble4 ,"o sugge/ion is t ! bodies ( ! 
ext9ct mammalia may h be5 pres]v$ 9 ice 
until ! rec5t p]iod1 & _! bones deposit$
 contemporane\sly ) ^? ( mod]n species &
 man4 ,ano!r is t ! geologi/s may be    
va/ly mi/ak5 z to ! date ( ! ext9ction (
 species1 & t 9 fact ! ma/odon1 mammo?1 
& o!r species f\nd 9 juxtaposition )    
human rema9s & works ( art1 h probably  
surviv$ until a v rec5t p]iod4 ,)\t     
ent]+ into detail on ^! po9ts1 we w\ld  
v5ture ! pr$iction t :5 weigh$ 9 !      
balance !y w be f\nd utt]ly want+4 ,"o  
type ( discussion w survive1 if x       
survive at all1 z a mo/ curi\s fossil ( 
! lay]s ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,x is t repres5t$
 by ! book ref]r$ to 9 a note on a =m]  
page1 by ,mr4 ,davies4 ,believ+ t all   
m9]al fossils 7 nev] liv+ animals at    
all1 b ! types simply ( animals t 7 to  
be1 /amp$ in/antane\sly ^u ! rocks z    

prophetic symbols ( a "w ( creation to  
be aft]w>d accompli%$1 he is prep>$ to  
he> )\t surprise t man %\ld "s day be   
f\nd z a fossil4 ,we ref] to x z a mo/  
curi\s m5tal product4 ,if x is n        
unansw]able1 we presume x w at lea/     
rema9 unansw]$4  ,:at n[1 9 conclusion1 
is to be ! effect ( ?is new developm5t (
 sci5ce on ! receiv$ & tradition>y ?9k+ 
( ! "t8 ,:at readju/m5ts w be necess>y 9
 case ! doctr9e ( ! antiquity ( man     
comes by & by to take its place1 9 !    
cre$ ( sci5ce1 alongside ( ! doctr9e ( !
 great age ( ! e>?8 ,c x be made to     
h>monize ) :at is n[ kn[n z or?odox &   
evangelical ,*ri/ianity8  ,t x _c be    
made to h>monize ) t sort ( or?odoxy :i*
 ass]ts t '! ,bible tea*es' t man began 
to exi/ ^u ! e>? ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago1
 we ne$ h>dly av]4 ,em95t !ologians may 
say1 'if sci5ce does n agree ) !        
,scriptures1 s mu* ! worse = sci5ce1' b 
we op9e t ! m9ds :i* w be able to /& ^u 
?is plat=m 9 ! face ( ov]:elm+ evid5ce w
 be few & f> betwe54 ,b x mu/ be        

rememb]$ t ! ,scriptures h adju/$       
!mselves1 9 ! popul> & or?odox m9d1 to  
sev]al ?+s :i* 7 once consid]$ oppos$ to
 _! tea*+s4 ,! ,cop]nican !ory ( ! sol> 
sy/em 0 once reg>d$ & treat$ z a        
palpable & dang]\s h]esy2 yet n[-a-days 
! bolde/ lit]ali/ w\ld n v5ture to insi/
 t ! ,bible tea*es a sy/em oppos$ to t4 
,)9 liv+ memory1 x is well kn[n t !     
doctr9e ( ! rec5t creation ( ! e>? 0    
reg>d$ z indubitably a "p ( ! tea*+ ( ! 
fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 yet x is n[ fully 
conc$$ 9 high or?odox qu>t]s t !        
opposite doctr9e does no viol5ce to !   
lett] or _s ( ! ,mosaic writ+s4 ,"h !   
adju/m5t has be5 ( ! int]pretation to ! 
fact4 ,x is up to ?is "t l>gely believ$ 
t ! ,bible tea*es ! doctr9e ( a g5]al   
deluge1 yet ,hugh ,mill] c\ld advocate1 
) all ! elegance ( 8 sup]b intellect1 & 
all ! p[] ( 8 unansw]able sci5ce1 !     
opposite doctr9e ( a p>tial or limit$   
deluge1 )\t be+ outlaw$ = h]esy 9 !     
,free ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,x is n[ held    
almo/ univ]sally t ! doctr9e ( ! unity (

 ! race is ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity2 &   
we1 = ourselves1 _c see t x is o!rwise  
?an ess5tial to a prop]ly organic       
,*ri/ianity1 & yet we beg9 to see a     
bl9k+ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s t[>d ! opposite    
view2--& we may m5tion t ! curi\s book (
 ,mr4 ,davies be=e m5tion$1 :i* is      
writt5 9 ! special int]e/ ( ! mo/ lit]al
 or?odoxy1 advocat+ ! doctr9e ( imm$iate
 creation 9 six lit]al days1 & o!r      
equally indige/ible matt]s1 insi/s on ! 
doctr9e ( div]sity ( orig9 9 ! human    
race1 because x is taught 9 !           
,scriptures6 ,& he does n fail to f9d   
pro( texts4 ,he rightly av]s t sev]al   
important assumptions are ne$$ 9 ord] to
 extract ! doctr9e ( unity f ! ,mosaic  
record4  ,we h n adduc$ ^! in/ances ( ! 
v>iations ( or?odoxy = ! purpose (      
intimat+ t ! ,bible is a nose ( wax1 :i*
 c be twi/$ into any %ape )\t injury--t 
x is a book :i* c be made to mean any?+ 
or no?+1 z ! circum/ances ( ! case may  
require--b t x has a vital ela/icity &  
p[] ( adju/m5t to all v]itable f9d+s ( !

 human m9d 9 e sph]e2 z inde$ x mu/ h1  
if x is 9 any important respect su* a   
communication to mank9d z x is claim$ to
 be4 ,:atev] may be said ( !            
infallibility ( ! ,scriptures1 x is     
c]ta9 t int]pretation is n infallible--a
 di/9ction t is n always kept 9 m9d by  
^? zeal\s def5d]s ( ! fai? :o are ready 
to make ! inspiration ( ! ,scriptures /&
 or fall ) a giv5 int]pretation ( a     
p>ticul> passage4  ,b c ! doctr9e (     
man's antiquity be made to h>monize ) ! 
ess5tials ( ,*ri/ianity & ! inspiration 
( ! ,scriptures8 ,if ,*ri/ianity be a   
religion = man1 z ! pres5t writ]        
believes1 we answ] emphatically 9 !     
affirmative4 ,n ! smalle/ feature t is  
ess5tial to make ,*ri/ianity a religion 
= man1 if x be su*1 w be imp]ill$ by ?is
 or any o!r well-e/abli%$ doctr9e (     
sci5ce4 ,b precisely h[ mu* modification
 ( exi/+ op9ion1 h[ mu* sepulture (     
tradition>y relics1 h[ mu* cle>+ away ( 
rubbi% w be indisp5sable1 x is n[ n easy
 to say4 ,x is c]ta9 t x mu/ be conc$$ t

 we h z yet atta9$ to no infallible     
*ronology4 ,& x is equally c]ta9 t a    
l>g] am\nt ( allegory mu/ be infus$ into
 ! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis ?an w\ld h be5 
dige/ible by ! !ologians ( ! la/        
g5]ation1 if we w\ld ev] h !ology &     
sci5ce /& ^u ! same plane4 ,! "q 9 !    
*ild's cate*ism1 ',:o 0 ! fir/ man8' w  
by & by be easi] ask$ ?an answ]$4 ,if1  
moreov]1 ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis ref]s to  
"s imag9>y be+ suppos$ to h exi/$ ^u !  
e>? ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago1 x seems cle>
 t ?is be+ _c be reg>d$ z ! 'f$]al head'
 ( ! human race1 f :om 'all mank9d h    
desc5d$ by ord9>y g5]ation4' ,& we      
/rongly suspect t a v l>ge am\nt (      
!ological ma*9]y w ne$ to be readju/$2 &
 amid _m pangs & ) mu* tribulation w n a
 few canons ( or?odoxy pass away to !   
region ( fossil =ms4  ,9 conclusion1 we 
take leave ( ?is "w ( ,sir ,*>les ,lyell
 ) ! conviction t h[ev] obnoxi\s x may  
be to or?odox editors & sup]annuat$     
doctors ( div9ity1 x is de/9$ to        
/imulate greatly sci5tific inquiry &    

active ?\ght4 ,x is impossible t :5 su* 
a m9e has be5 sprung1 & promises to     
yield su* tangible results1 x %\ld      
sudd5ly cease to "w1 because ! note (   
al>m is rais$ by affright$ !ologians4   
,we pr$ict = sci5ce 9 ?is dep>tm5t a ri*
 & rapid progress ( discov]y4 ,& we are 
pr(\ndly gratifi$ t ! subject has be5   
brok5 to ! popul> m9d 9 su* a cauti\s & 
unexceptionable mann] z to ! tone & _s (
 ! "w--! au?or hold+ ) philosophic      
/eadfa/ness to ! subject matt] 9 h&1 &1 
9 ! true sci5tific _s1 es*ew+ all side  
issues1 & exhibit+ ?r\gh\t a c&or1      
imp>tiality1 & hone/y1 wor?y ! well-e>n$
 fame ( ?is ,ne/or ( geologi/s4         
,,none3  ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,slave ,,life   
,,9 ,,rome4   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,! ?\ghts 
( none foll[$ h] into sleep1 & color$ h]
 dreams ) pleasant memories ( ! pa/2 &  
:5 ! morn+ sun1 p\r+ its beams ?r\gh !  
w9d[1 awak5$ h]1 !re 0 a mom5t>y /ruggle
 be=e %e c\ld ?r[ (f ! fancies ( ! night
 & realize t %e 0 no long] 9 h] cottage 
home4 ,b di/9ct p]ception soon return$ z

 %e glanc$ ar\nd h] & recogniz$ ! pa9t+s
 :i* adorn$ h] *amb]1 & ! m>ble goddess 
/ill hold+ =? a welcom+ h&1 z ?\gh 9    
greet+ = ! return ( ano!r day4  ,?r[+   
op5 ! w9d[1 %e sat d[n = a mom5t to     
enjoy ! s(t breeze1 :i*1 lad5 ) p]fume1 
came gamboll+ fre% f ! ,alban ,hills4 ,!
 w9d[ at :i* %e plac$ h]self look$ out  
^u a c5tral c\rty>d1 =m$ by !           
int]section ( ! ma9 body ( ! palace at  
"r angles ) ! two w+s4 ,?is c\rt 0 pav$ 
f "o side to ! o!r ) m>ble flags (      
diff]5t %ades1 except+ 9 ! middle1 :]e  
play$ ! f\nta9--a circul> bas9 ( wat]1  
^u a rock1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* two bronze   
satyrs /ruggl$ = a tortoise1 f ^: m\? ! 
supply+ /ream p\r$ =?4 ,f ! end ( ea* w+
 ( ! palace ! l9e ( ! sides 0 cont9u$ by
 a /raight /one wall ( consid]able      
height1 lead+ across ! :ole bread? ( !  
,clian ,hill to ! slope ( its f>!r side1
 & enclos+ an area ?ickly plant$ ) su*  
fl[]s1 %rubb]y1 & trees z ! ta/e ( !    
p]iod consid]$ mo/ ess5tial to a        
well-appo9t$ g>d54  ,= ! mom5t ! c5tral 

c\rt 0 almo/ des]t$1 ! only appe>ance ( 
life be+ a little ,nubian slave1 :o sat 
^u ! edge ( ! f\nta91 & lazily play$ ) a
 tame /ork4 ,b all at once none he>d    
m+l$ voices1 & di/+ui%$ among !m ! tones
 ( h] husb&--deep] ?an ! o!rs1 & m>k$ ) 
t quick] & m decid$ acc5t acquir$ by a  
long c\rse ( undisput$ au?ority4 ,at    
fir/ ! s\nds seem$ /ation>y1 z ?\gh !   
speak]s 7 t>ry+ 9 "o place = discussion2
 b 9 a mom5t !y approa*$ ne>]1 & !      
disputants /ood 9 full sight ^u a       
balcony :i* ran ar\nd ! int]ior wall ( !
 palace & ov]hung ! sides ( ! c\rt4     
,=emo/ & talle/ ( ! gr\p /ood ,s]gius   
,vanno1 recognizable at once by 8       
a?letic & graceful figure1 reflective   
face1 comm&+ eye1 bright ) intellig5ce1 
& 8 agreeable1 ref9$1 & attractive      
pres5ce1 z ! lead+ _s ( ! gr\p4 ,at 8   
side lean$ ! poet ,emilius1 ^: weak &   
sl5d] figure & mild1 girli% expression  
w\ld h>dly appe> to su/a9 ! reputation  
he enjoy$ ( devot+ half 8 "t to !       
inv5tion & elaboration ( new =ms (      

pr(ligacy1 & !reby c>ry+ 8 exploits into
 realms ( vice hi!rto undiscov]$ ev5 9 t
 age ( unbridl$ indulg5ce4 ,beh9d ^!    
/ood ?ree o!rs--a capta9 ( ! prtorian   
gu>d1 a tribune ( ! law1 & a com$ian ( !
 s*ool ( ,plautus--ea* probably c>ry+ ! 
palm ( excell5ce 9 8 especial call+1 &  
all ( !m d\btless end[$ ) sup]ior       
capacities z boon companions 9 a        
night-long revel4 ,!y _h evid5tly b j   
left ! banquet+ hall1 & bore indications
 ( hav+ pass$ a some:at unquiet night1  
?\gh 9 diff]5t degrees2 = :ile ! capta9 
& com$ian /ill /agg]$ confus$ly &       
display$ hagg>d faces & disord]$        
dresses1 ! sup]ior tact1 con/itutional  
/r5g?1 or recup]ative p[]s ( ! o!rs     
enabl$ !m to ma9ta9 su* a demeanor (    
prop] sobriety1 t b = a slight flu% & ! 
companion%ip 9 :i* !y 7 plac$1 _! late  
excesses might h pass$ unnotic$4  ',x 0 
! *oice ( all ! slaves1 bo? male &      
female1 ,i tell y1' said ! com$ian1     
evid5tly resum+ an unf9i%$ dispute4 ',! 
*oice ( all ! slaves1 ,s]gius4'  ',he> y

 n[ ?is man6' exclaim$ ,s]gius1 turn+   
t[>d 8 fri5d ,emilius ) a quiet smile4  
',?rice already h ,i told him ! tru? ( !
 matt]1 & /ill he p]si/s2 well kn[+ t1  
if n[ he c sc>cely su/a9 himself f fall+
 ov] into ! area bel[1 he c]ta9ly c\ld  
n1 ?ree h\rs ago1 h be5 able to tell :at
 play he made1 or :e!r he made any play 
at all4 ,nay1 ,bassus1 x 0 only ( ! male
 slaves t ,i spoke4'  ',yet li/5 to me1'
 insi/$ ! com$ian1 plac+ 8 h& ^u ! o!r's
 %\ld] & lean+ heavily ^u him1 ',y d n  
d5y t we gam$8'  ',( a surety ,i d n4'  
',nor t ,i won money ( y8'  ',t5        
se/]tia4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4'  ',nay1 tw5ty 
se/]tia1 0 x n8'  ',tw5ty se/]tia be x1 
!n4 ,:at matt]s ! am\nt1 :5 ,i paid y ^u
 ! mom5t1 & y n[ h ! sum1 :atev] x may  
be1 9 y\r own purse8'  ',true1 true1'   
rejo9$ ! o!r1 nodd+ 8 head ) an air (   
sage gravity2 ':atev] x 01 ( a c]ta9ty  
,i n[ h x4 ,& !n1 ,s]gius1 y (f]$ aga9/ 
! t5--no1 ! tw5ty se/]tia--to play !    
*oice ( all y\r new slaves4'  ',( my new
 male slaves1 c]ta9ly4'  ',no1 ( !      

slaves bo? male & female4 ,i w tell y h[
 x is t ,i s especially recollect4 ,x 0 
because ,i _h he>d f our lawgiv] "h ab\t
 ! beautiful ,samian girl y h borne home
 among y\r %>e ( ! spoils4 ,y did n ?9k1
 p]haps1 t ,i knew ( h]2 b :5 ,i (f]$ to
 ?r[ ! dice1 ,i held h] 9 my m9d4 ,& !n1
 :5 ,i _h won1 & told y t ,i w\ld select
 h]1 y said--'  ',exactly :at ,i _h said
 to y be=e1 t y c\ld take y\r *oice f ! 
male slaves1' int]rupt$ ! o!r           
impati5tly4 ',& ,i h br\ght y directly  
hi!r to make y\r selection1 = fe> t :5 y
 became sob] y w\ld =get ! matt]        
altoge!r1 & !reby *eat y\rself out ( a  
fairly won prize4 ,am ,i n "r1 comrades8
 ,0 n ! play z ,i h /at$ x8'  ',nei!r m 
nor less1' ! poet answ]$2 & ! tribune & 
! prtorian capta9 spoke to ! same       
effect4 ,! com$ian /ill look$ unconv9c$1
 &1 = ! mom5t1 gaz$ inquir+ly f "o to ! 
o!r1 9 ! hope t "s new] recollection    
w\ld come to ! m9d ( ei!r ( !m & lead to
 a recantation4 ,b 9 t desire he 0      
disappo9t$1 & at la/ he reluctantly gave

 up ! conte/1 n d>+ to protract x long] 
= fe> ( provok+ a qu>rel1 & !reby be+   
?ru/ out ( ! society to :i* he 0 aw>e 8 
social tal5ts1 c\nt]act+ 8 l[ bir? &    
call+1 7 8 sole passport4 ,& aft] all1  
?\gh he _h too c>elessly made 8 wag]1 he
 _h won tw5ty se/]tia & a male slave1 & 
t 0 some?+4  ',well1 be x s1' he ass5t$1
 ) a sigh4 ',a male slave1 s9ce y say x4
 ,i _h suppos$ ,i _h spok5 m p>ticul>ly1
 b x seems t my poor bra9 0 c>eless & at
 fault4 ,only br+ ! slaves hi!r quickly1
 t ,i may *oose & g home1 = ,i mu/ play 
,ca/orex ?is morn+1 & ?is head ( m9e    
seems likely to split4'  ',let x split1 
!n1' retort$ ,s]gius ) a laugh4 ',x may 
save our crack+ x "s day ) a goblet4    
,ho1 !re1 ,drumo6'  ,he 0 n oblig$ to   
call a second "t1 =1 at ! fir/ r+ ( 8   
voice1 ! ob$i5t armor be>] em]g$ f "o ( 
! l[] entrances into ! c\rt4 ,he also1 z
 well z 8 ma/]1 _h be5 convivially      
celebrat+ 8 return1 & n[ bore ! evid5ces
 ( 8 frolic 9 a sad comb9ation ( inflam$
 features1 tangl$ hair1 & disord]$      

clo?+4  ',:at ho1 ma/]8' he cri$1 /ret*+
 8 huge limbs 9 a yawn & look+ up4 ',am 
,i want$8'  ',y h be5 dr9k+1' said      
,s]gius2 'g to ! f\nta9 bas9 !re &      
cleanse y\rself4 ,if !re 7 fi% 9 x1 ,i  
w\ld feel half incl9$ to ca/ y 9 to fe$ 
!m4 ,aft] t1 come back to me4'  ,! giant
 gr9n$1 kn[+ t 8 ma/] plac$ too high a  
value ^u him ev] to make a d9n] ( him = 
! c>p1 ?\gh he might n[ & !n inflict a  
/ripe or two 9 ang] ^u 8 broad %\ld]s4  
,!n kneel+ d[n at ! f\nta91 he quickly  
spla%$ ! wat] into 8 face & eyes1 ran "o
 f+] f 8 =ehead to ! cr[n ( 8 head 9    
ord] to "p 8 disord]$ locks1 pull$ away 
a loose /raw f beh9d 8 neck1 gave 8     
tumbl$ tunic "o j]k to /raight5 x1 &1 ) 
! air ( a p]son :o _h made an elaborate 
toilet1 & c\ld af=d to be well satisfi$ 
) ! result1 pres5t$ himself =           
inspection4  ',s6 ,7 my new slaves s5t 9
 la/ night8'  ,! armor be>] nodd$4  ',! 
:ole allotm5t8'  ',i suppose s1 ma/]4   
,fifty !re %\ld h be51 ! lictor said1 :5
 he br\ght !m1 b "o _h di$1 & !y _h ?r[n

 him into ! ,tib] to ! fi%es4 ,ho1 ho1  
ma/]1 we %all all g "o day to fe$ !     
fi%es or ! dogs or ! worms1 bo? y & ,i  
alike4'  ',sil5ce1 y h\nd6' said        
,s]gius1 m by way ( habit ?an because he
 really m9d$ a famili>ity to :i* he _h  
gradually gr[n accu/om$4  ',! o!rs came 
a little be=e midnight1 & ,i lock$ !m up
 bel[1' ! ,gaul add$1 po9t+ to a l[     
range ( build+s at ! foot ( ! g>d54 ',!y
 are a well-look+ lot1 ma/]1 b among !m 
all y w n f9d "o to take my place2 s1 = 
?is "t1 ,i am safe1 & c yet say & d :at 
,i please4 ,ho1 ho6 ,& "h is ! li/ ( !m 
:i* ! mess5g] br\ght4'  ',nev] m9d !    
li/4 ,x is d\btless all correct1' said  
,s]gius1 wav+ ! papyrus aside4 ',g1 n[1 
& br+ ! slaves hi!r4'  ,! man nodd$1 &  
tak+ a l>ge key f a nail ov] 8 head1    
disappe>$ d[n ! g>d5 walk1 & 9 a few    
mom5ts return$1 driv+ be=e him ! :ole   
body ( captives :i* _h fall5 to ! %>e ( 
8 ma/]4 ,z he _h report$1 !y 7 ( good   
quality1 ! be/ ( ! prison]s ( w> hav+   
naturally be5 res]v$ = ! comm&] ( !     

exp$ition4 ,! m5 7 mo/ly /\t & a?letic1 
:ile ! wom5 7 ( heal?y & prop]ly        
agreeable appe>ance4 ,( ! :ole numb] !re
 7 none :o seem$ to be at all sickly or 
ill favor$2 :ile ! only "o :o exhibit$  
any signs ( de=mity 0 a dw>f1 ^: )]$ &  
twi/$ figure imp>t$ to him t peculi>    
grotesque & ape-l appe>ance :i*1 at t   
p]iod1 0 c]ta9 to comm5d him to ! ta/e (
 weal?y pur*as]s1 & r5d] him ( m value  
?an a man ( correct proportions4        
,moreov]1 z a g5]al ?+1 ! captives seem$
 m *e]ful ?an !y _h be5 ! day be=e1 hav+
 _h ! advantage ( sev]al h\rs' re/ & (  
bett] food ?an _h fall5 to _! lot at any
 "t dur+ ! j\rney4 ,!re 7 a few :o      
manife/$ sorr[ at hav+ be5 sep>at$ f    
relatives or fri5ds ) :om !y _h succe$$ 
9 travell+ to ! v gates ( ! city2 & "s  
o!rs1 z yet unbrok5 to mis=tune1 ma9ta9$
 a rebelli\s & intractable demeanor4 ,b 
! majority _h already made up _! m9ds t 
slav]y 0 h5ce=? _! inevitable fate1 & t 
_! highe/ future happ9ess mu/ be look$ =
 9 its alleviation r ?an 9 its          

abolition2 & !y n[ appe>$ to take       
pleasure 9 ! ?\ght t _! =tune _h l$ !m  
to a weal?y h\sehold1 :]e !y w\ld       
probably exp]i5ce k9d treatm5t & h easy 
tasks allott$ to !m4  ,n[1 hav+ rea*$ ! 
pav$ c\rt1 ! captives re/$ & await$ !   
inspection ( _! own]--"s sitt+ ^u !     
m>ble bord] ( ! f\nta91 "s /&+ by 9     
gr\ps1 & ?r\gh a sort ( sympa?y hold+   
ea* o!rs' h&s1 z ?\gh t w\ld give       
protection4 ,a few gaz$ moodily ^u !    
gr\nd2 & "o or two1 oppress$ ) sorr[ or 
n]v\s appreh5sion1 quietly wept4 ,b !   
great] portion1 impress$ ) a dim        
consci\sness t _! future lot might dep5d
 ^u _! pres5t conduct & appe>ance1      
endeavor$ to assume an air ( pleas$     
satisfaction1 & !reby possibly w9 !     
favorable notice ( ! gr\p :i* /ood      
survey+ !m f ! balcony1 or at ! lea/ !  
fri5dly compassion ( ! old] slaves ( !  
h\sehold1 :o began to p\r =? f ! diff]5t
 doors ^u ! gr\nd floor ( ! palace1 &   
jo9 unbidd5 9 ! inspection4 ,mo/ ( ^!1 9
 ! e>ly days ( _! captivity1 _h /ood up 

9 ! c5tre ( simil> gap+ & curi\s cr[ds1 
& n[ 9 _! turn !y sat$ _! curiosity ^u !
 new com]s4 ,a few1 rememb]+ _! own     
sorr[s ( ^? =m] times1 seem$            
compassionate2 o!rs manife/$ c>eless    
indiff]5ce2 "s wond]$ :e!r en\gh ( !    
pres5t re9=cem5t w\ld be reta9$ to      
mat]ially light5 _! own labors2 & o!rs1 
:o _h be5 kn[n to fail 9 att5tion to _! 
peculi> dep>tm5ts ( indu/ry1 trembl$ le/
 _! places might n[ be suppli$ by ! new 
com]s1 & !mselves be aga9 driv5 (f to   
m>ket4 ,:atev] _! ?\ghts & feel+s1      
h[ev]1 no "o v5tur$ to approa* too ne>  
or speak al\d1 except+ ! armor be>]1 :o1
 z ! privileg$ slave ( ! h\sehold z well
 z ! m>%al ( ! occasion1 mov$ hi!r &    
?i!r among ! captives1 enc\rag+ "s )    
rude jokes1 %ov+ o!rs back or =w>d into 
suitable positions1 & g5]ally endeavor+ 
to set =? ! m]its ( ! :ole mass 9 z     
favorable a light z possible4  ',n[ /&  
=w>d :]e ! noble imp]ator & 8 fri5ds c  
see y1' 0 8 comm& to a well-featur$1    
/rong-limb$ ,rhodian4 ',d y ?9k to bett]

 y\r lot by sl9k+ out ( sight among !   
wom51 & s p]haps be s5t (f unnotic$ to !
 m>ket1 & !re be pur*as$ = h>d labor 9 !
 qu>ry pits8 ,:o kn[s b t if my ma/]    
sees y1 he may make a gladiator ( y2 &  
!n y c fight be=e emp]ors & consuls4'   
',:at c>e ,i = y\r ma/]8' retort$ ! man4
 ',let him give me back my wife & my    
*ild1 :om ,i ye/]day _h1 & :o n[ are    
gone4'  ,! armor be>] %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s4  
',is t all8' he said4 ',wives are pl5ty 
9 ?is city ( ,rome4 ,:5 ,i fir/ came f  
,gaul1 ,i too _h a wife1 &1 l y1 lo/ h]4
 ,:at !n8 ,i suppose t %e is happy1     
:]ev] %e may be2 & ,i--,i h n all[$     
myself to be lonely s9ce4 ,b nei!r did  
,i let myself sl9k beh9d1 :5 ,i /ood 9 !
 m>ket2 b ,i press$ =w>d & /ruck ^u my  
*e/1 & call$ to ! highborn & ! ri* to   
look ^u me1 & see h[ a man c\ld be made1
 & :at he c\ld be good =4 ,& "h am ,i   
n[1 a slave1 inde$--t _c be help$--b =  
all t1 a rul] ov] ! o!r slaves1 & my    
ma/]'s favorite & companion4 ,by !      
immortal gods6 !re is m manl9ess 9 yond]

 dw>f1 ) 8 op5 face1 ?an 9 y1 ) y\r     
:imp]+ & y\r te>s4 ,i w call him =w>d to
 tea* y a lesson h[ to act4'  ,at ! fir/
 beck ! dw>f press$ =w>d ) a smile1     
alt]nately /ret*+ up to make ! mo/ ( 8  
dim9utive proportions1 & !n b[+ l[ to   
crave ! good w ( ! spectators4 ,8       
appe>ance br\ght him in/ant comm5dation2
 & m p>ticul>ly did ! prtorian capta9   
break =? into expressions (             
appreciation4  ',a prop] dw>f6 a mo/    
excell5t dw>f6 ,small] & m ugly by a    
qu>t] ?an "o :i* ,i h kn[n to be sold = 
=ty se/]tia6 ,& see1 ,bassus1 h[ he b[s 
& rubs 8 h&s & %[s 8 tee? at y\rself4   
,he has p]haps be5 ! buffoon 9 a        
,grecian !atre1 & 9 y n[ recognizes a   
bro!r 9 ! art4 ,take him1 !re=e1 = y\r  
*oice4 ,at ! v lea/1 he w be ( value to 
c>ry y\r bag ( plays be=e y1 & he may   
ev5 help y act4'  ,! com$ian =c$ a      
sickly smile ^u 8 features1 n d>+ to    
qu>rel ) 8 companion1 yet n ins5sible to
 ! sne]+ tone ) :i* he 0 address$4 ,he  
_h1 at ! fir/1 be5 /ruck ) ! dw>f1 &    

half incl9$ to *oose him4 ,b n[ ! mock+ 
spee* det]r$ him4  ',y are dispos$ to be
 m]ry1' he said2 'nor d y reason well4  
,x is n an ape t an actor wants to c>ry 
8 plays4 ,!re are en\gh su* to li/5 to  
!m4 ,i w leave ! dw>f1 !re=e1 = y to    
pur*ase4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 !re may be a
 place f\nd = him some:]e 9 y\r own     
h\sehold4 ,i w make ano!r selection =   
myself4'  ,& desc5d+ f ! piazza1 he mov$
 9 among ! captives = ! purpose ( ent]+ 
^u a m c>eful inspection4 ,eag] z he 0  
at all times to make ! be/ ( a b>ga91 he
 0 ! m especially anxi\s n[2 = !        
contemptu\s tones ( 8 companions rankl$ 
9 8 he>t1 & he felt t ! m he ev9c$ a    
capacity to b5efit himself1 ! m he w\ld 
be likely to disappo9t !m4 ,pass+       
delib]ately ab\t ! slaves1 !re=e1 he    
scrut9iz$ ea* face & =m be=e him ) ! mo/
 exact att5tion2 c>efully lift+ ! eyelid
 ( "o1 & exam9+ ! tee? ( ano!r--n[      
press+ 8 knuckles into an exp&$ *e/1 !n 
twi/+ a muscul> arm--caus+ "s to /oop1 &
 o!rs to b5d back--& g5]ally practis+   

all ^? arts & exp$i5ts :i* a pr(essional
 slave deal] w\ld employ to gu>d himself
 aga9/ imposition4 ,nor 0 x until !     
lapse ( _m m9utes t he settl$ ^u 8      
prize4  ',i w take ?is man1' he said1   
dragg+ ! ,rhodian =? by ! %\ld]4 ',he   
%all be my slave4'  ',x is well2 take   
him1' respond$ ,s]gius1 9 8 mo/ c\rtly  
tone4 ,& = ! mom5t or two1 dur+ :i* 8   
companions yet t>ri$1 he ma9ta9$ a      
demeanor s /udi$ & controll$ t x w\ld h 
requir$ a ke5 glance to detect 9 8 face 
8 bitt] s5se ( disappo9tm5t at !        
selection :i* ! com$ian _h made4        
,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,z ,s]gius turn$ & ent]$ 
! h\se1 ^? :o _h se5 him salut$ z !     
favorite ( ! emp]or & ! idol ( ! cr[d1 &
 !nce _h believ$ unb\nd$ happ9ess mu/ be
 8 nev]-v>y+ lot1 w\ld h be5 a/oni%$ to 
"k h[ _m ?+s !re 7 :i* rankl$ pa9fully 9
 8 he>t1 &1 = ! mom5t1 made him         
discont5t$ & fretful4  ,?or\ghly jeal\s 
9 respect to 8 milit>y fame1 he 0       
suspici\s t ! *e]s ( ! cr[d ^u 8 ovation
 _h be5 elicit$ m by ! p]fection ( !    

pageantry ?an by a prop] appreciation ( 
8 own m]its2 :ile x 0 c]ta9 t ! ,s5ate1 
?\gh meet+ him ) ! cu/om>y              
congratulations1 _h deliv]$ !m ) m =m   
?an en?usiasm4 ,& ?\gh ! emp]or _h giv5 
audi5ce1 he _h be/[$ no new honors ^u   
him4 ,to ^! disappo9tm5ts 0 add$ !      
unhappy1 self-accus+ consci\sness ( hav+
 fail$ 9 duty to 8 own dignity1 by hav+ 
pass$ ! night 9 wild revelry & among    
companions1 _m ( :om 7 b5ea? him 9 e    
quality except _! tal5t = ribald je/+ & 
buffoon]y4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh reput$ weal?y1
 he 0 at pres5t press$ = money1 & _h    
add$ to 8 emb>rassm5ts by los+ at ! gam+
 table dur+ ! pa/ night m ?an he c\ld   
well af=d to "p )2 :ile1 to add to all  
o!r vexations1 ! com$ian ,bassus _h n   
only increas$ ! loss by select+ ! mo/   
valuable slave1 b _h p]=m$ ! action 9 a 
cool & calculat+ mann]1 :i* 0 p>ticul>ly
 exasp]at+4  ',! l[ buffoon6' ,s]gius   
mutt]$ to himself4 ',:o w\ld h ?\ght t1 
half drunk5 z he 01 he w\ld h _h ! wit  
to select a slave wor? d\ble ! sum :i*  

_h be5 /ak$ aga9/ him1 & "o :om ,i _h   
obta9$ ) su* tr\ble1 & = my own         
purposes8 ,c x be t he pret5d$ 8        
intoxication ! m easily to outwit me8 ,i
 _h no fe>1 b believ$ t he w\ld be sure 
to select "s slim y\? :o c\ld be taught 
to play ! flute be=e him or act z       
cupbe>]4 ,:at demon put x into 8 head s 
sudd5ly to look = bone & muscle r ?an = 
girli% graces8'  ,?is la/ suspicion (   
hav+ be5 made ! victim ( artful         
dissimulation add$ fuel to 8 vexation1 m
 especially z1 turn+ 8 head & glanc+    
into ! c\rty>d1 he saw ! com$ian slipp+ 
?r\gh a side passage1 & ! ,rhodian      
ob$i5tly foll[+ at 8 heels4 ,?is fill$  
up ! measure ( ,s]gius's wra?4 ,to 8    
excit$ fancy ! actor bore ^u 8 face an  
insult+ly satisfi$ smirk ( triumph1 :ile
 ! ,rhodian appe>$ l>g] & /rong] ?an    
ev]4 ,) an exclamation ( unavail+ ang]1 
,s]gius pu%$ op5 ! door1 & /ood 9 !     
pres5ce ( 8 wife4  ,x 0 into ! d9+ hall 
t he _h plung$4 ,^u a small table 0     
plac$ ! w9e & bread & fruits :i* =m$ !  

cu/om>y morn+ meal among ! ri*] ,romans2
 & beside ! table /ood none1 9 an       
attitude 9 :i* hope & fe> & surprise &  
disappo9tm5t 7 equally bl5d$4  ,clad 9 !
 mann] :i* %e knew _h always be/ pleas$ 
8 fancy1 we>+ ! adornm5ts :i*1 z 8      
gifts1 he w\ld mo/ naturally pref] to   
see ^u h]1 ) h] curl+ locks p>t$ z 9 =m]
 days he _h lik$ h] to dress !m1 ev5    
/riv+ to imp>t to h] features ! peculi> 
radiant expression :i*1 9 o!r times1 _h 
mo/ won 8 he>t--%e _h impati5tly await$ 
8 approa*1 ) a vague fe> :isp]+ poison\s
 surmises to h] s\l1 b yet ) a joyful & 
hopeful assurance ( good pr$om9at+ ov]  
all4 ,z soon z ^! fri5ds ( 8 _h         
dep>t$--%e _h said to h]self--he w\ld no
 long] delay com+ to h]4 ,he w\ld meet  
h] ) ext5d$ arms & ! same joy\s welcome 
z ( old4 ,he w\ld utt] k9d & pleasant   
words expressive ( 8 happ9ess1 & w\ld   
fold h] to 8 he>t4 ,!re w\ld %e ne/le & 
=get h] fooli% fe>s & suspicions ( ! pa/
 night1 & w\ld only rememb] t %e 0 lov$4
 ,z1 h[ev]1 %e n[ saw ! fr[n ^u 8 face1 

h] he>t & c\rage fail$ h]2 & 9          
proportion z %e _h previ\sly =tifi$ h]  
m9d ) hopeful confid5ce1 a t]rible      
reaction ( appreh5sion ov]came h]4 ,c\ld
 x be t ! angry look 0 = h]1 & t x c\ld 
be ju/ifi$ by any ^w t %e _h ev] spok5  
or any duty t %e _h neglect$8 ,) "o h&  
lightly re/+ ^u ! table1 h] "r foot ?r[n
 =w>d 9 impulsive read9ess to spr+ into 
8 ext5d$ arms1 b h] :ole =m droop+ &    
%r9k+ ) dismay1 h] face pale1 & ! smile 
:i* %e _h call$ ^u x n[ fa9tly &        
pa9fully flick]+ 9 a dea?like mann] ab\t
 h] :it5$ lips1 z x glid$ f h] control &
 began to give place to an utt] &       
undisguis$ fe>1 %e /ood await+ 8 fir/ ^w
 or action4  ',ha1 none6'  ',my "l--'   
,!n rememb]+ :at 0 due to h] ^u _! fir/ 
meet+1 he smoo!d ! fr[n f (f 8 face1    
held out 8 arms1 & t5d]ly embrac$ h]1   
utt]+ k9d & lov+ words4 ,x 0 ! same     
ge/ure ) :i* he _h p>t$ f h] :51 six    
mon?s be=e1 ! /ate _h call$ ^u him to   
ar\se f ! ease & tranquility ( 8 w$d$   
life & d new s]vice ^u ! field4 ,^? 7 ! 

same g5tle & affectionate words :i* he  
_h be5 wont to utt]4 ,& yet to h]       
quick5$ appreh5sion1 urg$ on by "s      
secret in/9ct1 x seem$ z ?\gh ! s\l ( ! 
t5d] greet+ 0 gone1 leav+ b ! m]e =m    
beh9d4 ,c\ld x be t dur+ ^? few mon?s ( 
abs5ce he _h le>n$ to ?9k less de>ly (  
h]8 ,at ! ?\ght1 ! la/ fa9t gleams ( !  
flick]+ smile di$ away f h] face2 :ile  
he1 unobs]vant ( h] di/ress1 & /ill     
goad$ by ! remembrance ( 8 losses1      
releas$ h] f 8 embrace & ?rew himself   
heavily d[n ^u ! ne>e/ l\nge4  ',i am   
?ir/y1' he said4 ',give me "s dr9k4'    
,%e p\r$ "s w9e into a goblet1 & timidly
 pres5t$ x to 8 lips4 ,! liquid1 cool$ )
 sn[ f ! m\nta9s1 0 refre%+ to 8 palate1
 & he drank x to ! la/ drop4 ,z he p>t$ 
) ! goblet--r toss+ x away ?an sett+ x  
d[n--he notic$ h[ %e /ood be=e him )    
:it5$ face & fright5$ features1 & ) !   
attitude ( a %r9k+ slave r ?an ( a wife 
joy\s to be ( s]vice4 ,8 he>t smote him 
= 8 neglig5t greet+1 & he rose up f !   
l\nge & plac$ 8 arm ab\t h]4  ',n ) y1  

none1 am ,i vex$1' he said1 p>tly       
compreh5d+ ! cause ( h] emotion4 ,&     
draw+ h] ne>]1 he comm5c$ toy+ ) h] wav+
 locks1 tell+ h] h[ = mon?s he _h be5   
long+ to meet h]1 & h[ h] looks m ?an   
ev] delight$ him1 & o!rwise utt]+ su*   
pleasant & reassur+ words z soone/ came 
into 8 m9d4 ,z %e began to p]ceive t x 0
 n = any fault ( h]s t he _h display$   
ang]1 h] face gradually lo/ its         
expression ( dread4 ,b /ill %e c\ld n   
fail to notice t ! words :i* he spoke 7 
n su* z are commonly prompt$ by a true &
 unprem$itat$ affection2 b 7 r ! labor$ 
& s\lless result ( a m]e good-natur$    
desire to make atonem5t = a neglect1 & 7
 utt]$ 9 all ! c>eless _s ) :i* "o tries
 to soo! an improp]ly aggriev$ *ild2 & !
 old smile b feebly play$ ^u h]         
features1 /ruggle ) x z e>ne/ly z %e    
w\ld4  ',nay1 n at y\r sweet face is my 
ang] excit$1 none1' he said2 'b at t    
scurvy dog1 ,bassus4 ,he %\ld himself be
 a slave & ! companion ( slaves1 7 8    
true /ation met$ out to him4'  ',he )   

:om y pass$ ! night8' sugge/$ none4     
',ay1 he 0 "o ( u1' ,s]gius answ]$1 tak+
 a position ne>] ! table1 & comm5c+ to  
pick (f a crumb ( bread z ! inc5tive to 
a m ext5d$ repa/4 ',he 0 ) u1 z !re     
always w be "s rude & unmann]ly intrud] 
9 e company2 b !re 7 also o!rs1 !       
associates ( ,emilius4 ,!re 0 ,sotus1 ! 
,egyptian1 a le>n$ a/ronom]1 & ,cyope1 !
 r5[n$ ,greek dramati/1 & ,spoletius1 :o
 is n[ writ+ a hi/ory ( ! empire1 &1 if 
:at he says is true1 has already br\ght 
8 "w d[n to ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,n]o--'    
',& w c>ry x on until he rea*es ! pres5t
 day6 ,& w !n1 9 _! prop] place1 tell   
ab\t y\r a*ievem5ts1 my "l6' exclaim$   
none1 a flu% ( expectation gl[+ ^u h]   
face1 z %e ?\ght t "h 7 h] conjectures (
 ! prec$+ ev5+ ab\t to be realiz$4      
',ay6' respond$ ,s]gius2 ',i presume t  
he w speak ( me & ( :at y dignify z my  
a*ievem5ts1 fooli%ly fond *ild2 & !re=e 
x 0 meet t ,i %\ld n neglect !          
opportunity ( be+ 9 8 pres5ce1 9 ord] t 
he might speak well ( me r ?an ! rev]se4

 ,o!rwise1 y well "k t ,i w\ld h pref]r$
 to let revell+ h ! g-by1 & to h come at
 once to ga!r y to my he>t4 ,b we m51   
:om ! _w calls celebrat$1 mu/ be        
wat*ful1 & le>n to resign pleasure to   
duty1 & gu>d our fame1 or else x may g  
out l a wa/$ lamp1 & leave x 9 ! d>kness
 ( oblivion4 ,we _c sp>e our "t to give 
free scope to our love1 z ?\gh we 7 poor
 & unkn[n4'  none reproa*$ h]self = h]  
suspicions4 ,surely %e _h done wrong 9  
di/ru/+ him = ! coldness ( 8 greet+4 ,he
 may h meant no?+ b love & k9dness1 & h 
be5 weigh$ d[n by c>es & anxieties :i*  
%e c\ld n compreh5d4 ,_h he n said t    
some?+ _h made him angry8 ,he1 ! great  
imp]ator1 to h be5 ruffl$ by ! conduct (
 a l[ com$ian1 ^: company 8 int]e/      
oblig$ him to tol]ate6 ,%e w\ld yet be  
pati5t & wait4  ',& n only ,spoletius1 !
 hi/orian1 b also o!rs1 poets &         
philosoph]s1 ^: good w x is prop] to    
secure1 & ^: conv]sation w\ld be improv+
 to ! gods !mselves1' cont9u$ ,s]gius1  
almo/ blu%+ z he rememb]$ h[ little     

philosophy _h be5 spok5 dur+ ! pa/      
night1 except+ t %all[ doctr9e :i*      
inculcates full enjoym5t ( ! pass+      
pleasure ( ! _w1 le/ dea? might come &  
too sudd5ly end !m2 & h[ little poetry  
_h be5 recit$1 except z ro>$ =? 9 ! =m (
 bac*analian *oruses4 ',& ev5 ?is       
,bassus x 7 wor? my :ile to condesc5d   
to1 le/ ! notion might seize him to     
satirize me ^u ! public /age4 ,& x 0 to 
conciliate him t ,i lo/ to him tw5ty    
se/]tia & a well-favor$ slave4 ,may x n 
be t ,i paid too high a price = 8       
fri5d%ip1 & h5ce h a "r to be angry8'   
',b let my "l reflect t he has _m       
slaves--m ?an he well c f9d use =2 & t1 
!re=e1 "o less may n be ( great         
consequ5ce to him4'  ',nay1 b su* a     
slave6' respond$ ,s]gius2 'tall1 almo/1 
z my armor be>]1 & /rong z an elephant6 
,a man :o 0 wor? to me all ^? o!rs1     
?rice ov]1 = ! use to :i* ,i c\ld h put 
him4 ,! re/ w d\btless be ( good acc\nt 
9 _! way4 ,"s ( !m w g & dig 9 my       
qu>ries1 & a few w be expos$ 9 ! m>ket1 

& w br+ _! prop] price4 ,b ?is          
,rhodian--li/56 ,y "k t 9 a few weeks ! 
new amphi!atre ( our emp]or w be op5$ ) 
gr& spectacles la/+ _m days4 ,at my     
audi5ce ) him la/ ev5+ he spoke !reupon1
 & ( ! wild bea/s he _h s5t = to give   
dignity to ! occasion2 b ( ?is anon4 ,y 
"k t = mon?s all ,rome has be5 prep>+ = 
t "t8'  none nodd$ ass5t4 ,ev5 _h %e    
desir$1 %e c\ld n h rema9$ ignorant t ! 
great colossus ( all amphi!atres 0      
approa*+ completion1 s9ce1 f h] w9d[1 %e
 c\ld look d[n ! ,appian ,way & wat* e  
/one be+ laid1 :ile1 9 all societies1 ! 
magnitude & magnific5ce ( ! approa*+    
games 7 ! !me ( univ]sal conv]sation4   
',well1' cont9u$ ,s]gius1 'mon?s ago--,i
 h>dly rememb] h[ _m--,i wag]$ ) !      
proconsul ,s>desus t ,i w\ld furni% = ! 
games ! sup]ior gladiator ( ! two4      
,fifte5 purses ( a hundr$ se/]tia ea*2 a
 l>ge sum1 b ! l>g] ! bett]1 s9ce ,i _h 
my armor be>] 9 my m9d1 & felt c]ta9 to 
w94 ,b s9ce !n ,i h become atta*$ to ?is
 ,drumo4 ,! dog has twice sav$ my life1 

& h5ce has become too preci\s to be     
risk$2 = ?\gh he w\ld mo/ likely w9 !   
day1 yet a *ance ?ru/ might de/roy him  
at ! end4 ,i !re=e look$ ar\nd = a      
sub/itute1 & f\nd him--?is ,rhodian     
slave4 ,day aft] day ,i m>k$ him 9 !    
opposite ranks1 fight+ aga9/ u1 & ,i    
gave ord]s to capture him alive4 ,twice 
we ?\ght we _h secur$ him1 & z (t5 did  
he break away1 kill+ _m ( our m54 ,b at 
la/ ! comm&] ( "o ( my cohorts obta9$   
possession ( 8 wife & five *ildr51 & s5t
 him ^w t ea* day1 until he deliv]$     
himself up1 "o ( !m %\ld be put to      
dea?4'  ',surely t ?+ 0 n done8'        
exclaim$ none1 horror /ruck4  ',z ,i    
live1 x 0 n ord]$ by me1 nor did ,i le>n
 ( ! s*eme until x 0 too late to arre/  
x1' respond$ ,s]gius2 'else w\ld ,i h   
=bidd5 x4 ,b :at w\ld y expect8 ,w> has 
its practices1 & m]cy is n exactly "o ( 
!m4 ,& cruelties w happ51 d :at we may4 
,:atev] transpir$1 !re=e1 0 ! "w ( !    
comm&] ( my fir/ cohort1 to :om ,i _h   
giv5 directions to take ! man alive1 &  

:o knew t x mu/ be done1 & )\t tr\bl+ me
 ab\t ! process4 ,p]haps y d n c>e to   
he> ! re/8'  ',g on1' said none1 %udd]+ 
) a sick5+ appreh5sion ( :at 0 to come4 
',well1 ! fir/ day 8 olde/ *ild 0 sla91 
& ! body s5t to him2 & ! next day !     
second "o sla91 & 9 l mann] s5t to him2 
& s on until b 8 wife & "o *ild 7 left4 
,!n he came 9 & gave himself up4'  ',&  
?is brave man--fight+ = 8 c\ntry--y h   
made a slave (6' exclaim$ none1         
impetu\sly4 ',he has be5 /ripp$ ( 8     
family "o by "o1 & n[ y w\ld place him 9
 ! ar5a1 to be ! victim ( wild bea/s1 or
 at ! be/1 ( o!r slaves6'  ',:at else   
w\ld y wi%8 ,! man is ( a w>like nature2
 & x 7 bett] = him to bravely cont5d = 8
 life 9 ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or himself1   
?an ignom9i\sly to we> x out 9 ! base   
labor ( ! qu>ries4 ,& ,i w tell y :at ,i
 meant to h done4 ,i "k :]e are 8 wife &
 rema9+ *ild1 ) :om he ye/]day ent]$    
,rome2 & if 9 ! amphi!atre he _h won !  
victory = me1 ,i w\ld h re/or$ !m to him
 & giv5 him 8 fre$om besides4 ,b all t  

is pa/ n[4 ,9 ! heat ( ! mom5t ,i =got  
him1 & suff]$ ?is drunk5 dog1 ,bassus1  
to take 8 *oice2 & he has _h too good an
 eye = :at is valuable n to select !    
,rhodian4 ,/range1 inde$1 t ,i %\ld h   
be5 s c>eless4 ,b ?r\gh\t all1 ,i nev]  
dream$ t 8 ta/e w\ld lead him to d m ?an
 *oose "s slight-built boy1 :o c\ld     
assi/ him 9 8 trade4 ,once1 inde$1 ,i   
fe>$ = ! mom5t t he w\ld select amiss1 &
 take a r>ely preci\s dw>f1 :om1 bo? = 8
 appe>ance & = 8 k ( armor1 ,i _h res]v$
 z a gift = y\r fa!r2 & :5 t dang] 0    
pa/1 ,i brea!d fre]1 n calculat+ ^u any 
fur!r mis*ance4'  none rema9$ sil5t4    
,ready z %e 0 at all times to give h]   
utmo/ sympa?y to h] husb& = ! slighte/  
annoyance :i* he might exp]i5ce1 x seem$
 to h] n[ t 8 compla9+ 0 pu]ile & unju/1
 s utt]ly _h ! s5se ( 8 disappo9tm5t be5
 swall[$ up1 9 h] ?\ghts1 by ! real &   
tragic woe ( ! ,rhodian captive4 ,f9d+  
day aft] day 8 dead *ildr5 laid at 8 v  
door--!n sep>at$ rudely f all :o 7      
left--& 9 ! end br\ght *a9$ into ! ar5a1

 & oblig$ to fight to ! dea? = !        
pleasure ( 8 conqu]ors1 & p]haps aga9/ 8
 own c\ntrym53 :y %\ld su* ?+s be8 none 
0 no n]veless creature to fa9t at !     
sight ( blood4 ,! education ( all       
,romans ( t day 0 adapt$ to a f> diff]5t
 result1 & %e c\ld look ) enjoym5t ^u ! 
conte/s ( wild bea/s1 or ev5 view )\t   
disapprobation ! /ruggles ( gladiators  
tra9$ to _! "w z to a pr(ession1 &1 ( _!
 own free w & ) full k1 tak+ its risks  
^u !mselves4 ,& yet1 = all t1 %e c\ld n 
b feel t e h\r !re 7 be+ enact$ ar\nd   
h]1 & z a "p ( ! daily work+s ( ! social
 sy/em1 abuses ( p[]1 :i*1 l ! pres5t1  
no?+ c\ld ju/ify2 & %e wond]$ :e!r x    
w\ld la/ =ev]1 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 ! 
outrag$ gods w\ld n "s day arise & p\r  
d[n ^u ?is imp]ial ,rome ! v5geance due 
to ! oppress$4  ,s]gius p>tially read h]
 ?\ghts1 & set himself to "w to rev]se  
_! curr5t & turn x into a m *e]ful      
*annel4 ,draw+ 8 seat clos] to h]1 he   
began to speak to h] ( m pleasant       
topics1 tell+ ( ! enliv5+ incid5ts ( 8  

campaign1 rehe>s+ ! exploits ( ^? ab\t  
him1 & dwell+ ^u ! few occasions 9 :i*1 
by "s unusual dep>ture f m>tial cu/oms1 
m]cy _h be5 %[n to ! weak & helpless1 & 
captives :o 7 n fit = slaves _h n be5   
crucifi$4 ,! gift ( fasc9ation 0 "o ( 8 
di/+ui%+ traits2 & :5 he *ose1 he c\ld  
*>m1 ) 8 w9n+ spee*1 ! mo/ obdurate &   
unlov+4 ,!re=e1 z he n[ s(tly :isp]$ ^! 
n>rations into none's e>s1 m+l+ g5tle   
words ( ende>m5t ) !m1 x 0 n long be=e  
%e began to yield to ! pleasant         
influ5ce1 & 0 almo/ ready to believe t  
%e _h judg$ ra%ly1 & t ev]y?+ ^u e>? 0 n
 s v wrong4 ,:y1 aft] all1 %\ld %e      
presume to criticize matt]s :i* did n   
ar\se ! discont5t ( ! wise/ ( m58 ,& if 
! gods felt really outrag$1 :y did !y   
let _! ?und]s sleep s long8 ,at ! lea/1 
x 0 n ! duty ( h]self1 a weak girl1 to  
/rive to "r ! _w4 ,h] only doma9 mu/ be 
h] "l's he>t--h] only rule ( life1 8 w4 
,lean+ ^u 8 %\ld]1 & look+ up into 8    
face z %e li/5$1 %e ?\ght ^u ! old      
times1 :5 %e _h fir/ met him1 & h[ he _h

 !n1 z n[1 s successfully ex]t$ 8 p[]s (
 *>m+1 t x _h seem$ z ?\gh no m]e e>?ly 
love c\ld be good en\gh rew>d = him4    
,c\ld x be t 9 h] di/ru/ %e _h be5 !    
victim ( a mom5t>y delusion1 & t he w\ld
 always ex]t himself h]eaft]1 z n[1 to  
please h]8 ,might x n be1 aft] all1 t   
?is great happ9ess1 ) its t5d] :isp]+s &
 c>esses1 w\ld ev] cont9ue unbrok51 z 9 
pa/ times8  ',b1 aha6' he sudd5ly       
exclaim$1 9 ! tone ( "o newly awak5$ to 
! exi/5ce ( a fact ^: comp>ative        
unimportance _h l$ to its =getfulness by
 him4 ',let n my own losses make me     
indiff]5t to y\r pleasure1 love1 = ,i h 
n be5 s4 ,= y1 & y alone1 ,i h res]v$ a 
gift fit = ! palace ( ! ,cs>s4'  ',a    
gift1 my "l8 ,& = me8'  ',yes2 b ask me 
no que/ions n[4 ,y %all see x to-morr[4 
,a few h\rs only ( my/]y & wait+ mu/ yet
 elapse be=e ,i w br+ x to y4 ,until !n 
y c enjoy a woman's pleasure & nurse y\r
 gre$y curiosity--hopeless ( solv+ !    
enigma until ,i myself *oose to give !  
clew4'     ,,! ,,"y ,,au?or',s ,,dream4 

',"o m ,un=tunate4'    ,alone 9 a g>ret 
:]e cobwebs hang ?ick   ,ov] walls t    
display ! b>e mort> & brick1   ,^: w9d[s
 look d[n on ! ro(s ( back %$s1   ,f a  
height t w\ld dizzy ! coole/ ( heads1   
,a "y au?or sits by a rickety /&1   ,9 a
 brok5-back$ *air1 ) a p5 9 8 h&1   ,&  
pati5tly toils ere ! sunlight %all fade 
,to black ! la/ quire ( a ream ( ':ite  
laid4'   ,! %ad[s h deep5$ t hang on !  
wall2   ,b ! ,f9is is writt51 ! p5 is   
let fall2   ,&1 glad ( a respite f      
labors complete1   ,8 h&s & 8 head press
 ! la/ writt5 %eet4   ,sleep comes n    
alone2 = ! goddess ( dreams   ,is       
accu/om$ to visit ?is black] ( reams4   
,l ! man t sits "u a mon/] balloon1   ,&
 so>s o'er ! e>? halfway up to ! moon1  
,n[ /epp+ at once into ,fancy's fair c>1
   ,he sails f ! dusky old g>ret af>2   
,&1 leav+ ! _w ) its practical cr[ds1   
,su* visions z ^! meet 8 gaze 9 ! cl\ds3
    ,,! ,,dream4    ,=ty l>ge editions  
,( ! '?rill+ tale2'   ,=ty ?\s& doll>s1 
,net proce$s ( sale4   ,=ty smil+       

critics   ,lavi%+ _! praise2   ,=ty     
fam\s flori/s   ,bidd+ = ! bays4    ,=ty
 ?\s& maid5s   ,sitt+ up at night1      
,por+ o'er ! volume   ,) int5se delight4
    ,=ty ?\s& lett]s   ,f ! c\ntry s5t1 
,blurr$ by frequ5t te>drops1   ,fill$ ) 
s5tim5t4    ,=ty s*em+ mo!rs   ,anxi\s =
 a mat*2   ,=ty blu%+ daught]s1   ,ea* a
 glori\s cat*4    ,=ty g5]ations        
,rev]5ce 8 "n2   ,=ty future ages       
,=tify 8 fame4     ,,! ,,reality4       
,=ty dunn+ lett]s   ,com+ e day2   ,=ty 
c5ts = wa%+1   ,:i* he _c pay4    ,=ty  
jokes malici\s   ,crack$ by =ty wags2   
,=ty p]t "y misses   ,sne]+ at 8 rags4  
,=ty old companions   ,wond]+ at 8 mood2
   ,=ty fri5ds (fici\s   ,prea*+        
=titude4    ,=ty days ( sadness2   ,=ty 
nights ( sorr[2   ,=ty d>k =ebod+s      
,hang+ o'er ! morr[4    ,=ty hemp5 in*es
   ,borr[$ f a fri5d2   ,raft] at !     
upp]1   ,neck at l[]1 end4    ,=ty e>?y 
spadefuls   ,on ! gre5 hillside2   ,=ty 
l9es ( 'local1'   ,tell+ n[ he di$4     
,,! ,,great ,,lakes ,,to ,,/4 ,,paul4   

,t[>d ! close ( ,july1 #ahfj1 our p>ty  
ga!r$ at ,canaudaigua1 t beautiful piece
 ( ,swiss ov]l& sc5]y1 transport$ to    
,we/]n ,new ,york4 ,its ,indian "n1     
signify+ '! *os5 place1' 0 n inapt = our
 meet+ gr\nd4  ,by ! #ca/ ( ,july we 7  
at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ov] ! ,buffalo &    
,lake ,%ore ,railway & ,new ,york       
,c5tral4 ,x 0 a beautiful day's ride1 ! 
mo/ ( ! way skirt+ ! lake1 ^: broad     
expanse gleam$ 9 ! sun%9e1 & bore _m a  
sail & propell] to ! great hav5s ( its  
comm]ce4 ,! railway bord]s f9e t[ns &   
f>ms1 =m$ by ! d5se settlem5t ( ! oak   
op5+s & groves ( ! ,we/]n ,res]ve (     
,ohio1 :i* 0 pur*as$ f ! ,holl& ,l&     
,company1 by a company f ,connecticut1 (
 :om ,g5]al ,clevel&1 :o names ! pres5t 
city1 0 ! ag5t4  ,clevel& city1 ) ab\t  
=ty ?\s& population1 lies on ,lake      
,erie1 at ! m\? ( ! ,cuyahoga ,riv]1 :i*
 =ms its h>bor4 ,x is well built1 *iefly
 ( ! light gray/one ( ! vic9ity1 ^u a   
declivity %ad$ ) trees1 among :i* !     
buckeye hickory ab\nds1 has _m f9e      

dwell+s1 & pres5ts a fair front to !    
lake view4  ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #ca/ ,july we
 emb>k$ on ! ,nor? ,/> = ,sup]ior ,city4
 ,%e is ( fir/ class1 elev5 hundr$ & six
 tons1 & bore an imm5se freight f ! ,ea/
 to ! remote p59sula1 9 ex*ange = its   
preci\s m9]als4 ,! entire sail f        
,clevel& to ,sup]ior is n9e hundr$ &    
sixty-f\r miles4  ,z ^! boats are ! only
 means ( comm]ce & int]c\rse = ! dwell]s
 on ! upp] lakes above ,detroit1 v      
frequ5t are _! /ops & calls1 tak+ &     
leav+ mu* freight1 consum+ mu* "t on _! 
way4 ,h[ev]1 our voyage 0 spe$y3 we     
arriv$ at our di/ant t]m9us1 ,sup]ior   
,city1 v e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! #e? (      
,augu/1 mak+ ! runn+ "t ab\t sev5ty-five
 h\rs4  ,leav+ ,ohio1 "o ( ! e>lie/     
settl$ ,/ates ( ! ,we/]n ,valley1 &     
organiz$ sixty ye>s s9ce1 our c\rse f   
,clevel& /ret*$ nor?we/]ly across ! wide
 lake1 pass+ ! isl& sc5e ( ,p]ry's      
spl5did triumph1 & !nce nor!rly1 by its 
riv]1 to ,detroit1 a sail ( "o hundr$ & 
tw5ty miles1 arriv+ e>ly on ! #a/ (     

,augu/4  ,! city lies ext5d$ along its  
beautiful riv]1 at "o extremity gu>d$ by
 its old =t1 & at ! o!r are ! ext5sive  
copp]-smelt+ furnaces1 :]e ! ore f !    
,sup]ior m9es1 br\ght by ! /eam]s1 fl[s 
9 liquid copp]4 ,x is comp>atively an   
anci5t t[n1 settl$ z e>ly z #agja z a   
,fr5* fronti] po/2 & "s ( its l& titles1
 always protect$ at ea* national *ange1 
) "s ( its old families1 d]ive _! orig9 
f ^! e>ly ,fr5* pione]s4  ,our aft]noon 
sail 0 up ,detroit ,riv] & ! ,/4 ,clair1
 ?read+ our way among its _m v]dant     
isl&s & ri* %ores grac$ ) num]\s pretty 
villages4 ,at #i p4m4 we rea*$ ,port    
,huron & its ,canadian opposite         
neighbor1 ,s>nia4 ,at ?is po9t is !     
s\!rn outlet ( ,lake ,huron1 di/ant     
sev5ty-?ree miles f ,detroit4 ,s>nia is 
also ! we/]n depot ( ! ,gr& ,trunk      
,railway ( ,canada1 :ile ,w9dsor1 fac+  
,detroit1 t]m9ates ! ,canadian ,great   
,we/]n4 ,f ,s>nia1 pass+ old ,=t        
,gratiot1 ov] to ,port ,huron1 ! railway
 f]ry boat1 propell$ by ! curr5t only1  

transf]s its pass5g]s to ! c>s ( ! ,gr& 
,trunk l9e1 on ,mi*igan soil1 & by a    
%ort bran* int]sects ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral 
,railroad1 a few miles we/ ( ,detroit4  
,= ov] twelve hundr$ miles ?is iron     
road1 fitly nam$ ! ,gr& ,trunk1         
transports our ,we/]n products4 ,ent]+  
,lake ,huron1 ) its innum]able isl&s &  
almo/ wild]ness %ores1 our sail ?r\gh x1
 ( two hundr$ & sev5ty-five miles 9 all1
 br\ght u e>ly1 on ! #b;d ( ,augu/1 (f  
,sag9aw & ,?und] ,bays1 its we/]n arms1 
) ,presque ,isle1 ! ,great ,manit\l9    
,isl&1 be>+ nor? by ea/2 & by noon1 we  
rea*$ ,po9t de ,t\r1 at ! outlet ( ,/4  
,m>y's ,riv]1 ?ree hundr$ miles f       
,detroit1 ly+ opposite to ,drummond's   
,isl&4  ,po9t de ,t\r has b a solit>y   
dwell+1 f ^: ro( rises ! light t[]4 ,its
 inmates are said to h pref]r$ ?is      
solitude to ! cr[d$ ref9em5t ( a ,new   
,engl& city4 ,%ortly aft]1 & /ill coa/+ 
! we/]n side1 we /opp$ at ,*ur*'s ,l&+1 
:]e an ent]pris+ ,new ,engl&] has built 
8 log h\ses 9 ! =e/1 amid ! ,indians1 & 

drives an active comm]ce 9 raspb]ry jam4
 ,8 trade has prosp]$1 & he _h j        
complet$ a new & h&some dwell+4 ,f\rte5 
miles f>!r br\ght u to ,saut ,sa9te     
,m>ie1 or ! rapids ( ! ea/]n outlet (   
,lake ,sup]ior4  ,lake ,huron is at an  
av]age height ( five hundr$ &           
sev5ty-five feet above ! sea level1 & "o
 hundr$ feet 9 dep? bel[ ,lake ,sup]ior1
 ) a l5g? 9 direct l9e ( two hundr$ &   
sev5ty-five miles1 f ,port ,huron to    
,saut ,sa9te ,m>ie4 ,georgian ,bay1 to !
 ea/ ( ! ,great ,manit\l9 ,isl&1 is its 
broad ea/]n expansion2 :ile1 on ! we/1 !
 ,/raits ( ,mack9aw op5 into ! va/      
expanse ( ,lake ,mi*igan1 ext5d+ a l5g? 
( f\r hundr$ & =ty-six miles to ,*icago4
 ,! bord]s ( ,lake ,huron are sp>sely   
peopl$4 ,! primitive =e/ b5ds ov] !     
lake's cle> wat]s1 & surr\nds ! log cab9
 or infant settlem5t ) ! wigwam & canoe 
( ! ,indian half bre$s1 :o are /ill fi%+
 & hunt+ r\nd ! graves ( _!             
ance/ors-once ! fi]ce/ ( all ! w>rior   
races t sc>ce =ty ye>s ago z sov]eigns  

roam$ its wilds4  ,! maje/ic solitudes (
 ^! lakes fir/ receiv$ ! :ite man 9     
#afgi1 :5 ! discov]]s ,la ,salle &      
,h5nep91 9 ! vessel ( sixty tons1 :i* !y
 _h built ) _! ,indians at ,cayuga      
,creek1 sail$ up ,niag>a ,riv]1 ,lakes  
,erie1 ,/4 ,clair1 & ,huron1 to         
,mack9aw1 & !nce ?r\gh ,lake ,mi*igan to
 ! m\? ( ,gre5 ,bay4 ,ent]+ ,lake ,erie 
on ! #g? ( ,augu/1 #afia1 !y arriv$ at  
,gre5 ,bay on ! #b;d ( ,septemb] foll[+1
 enc\nt]+ _m /orms & cauti\sly seek+ _! 
untri$ way4 ,aft] ga!r+ a ri* c>go (    
furs1 ! vessel1 9 *>ge ( ! pilot & five 
m51 />t$ to return1 & 0 he>d ( no m4 ,%e
 d\btless p]i%$ ) h] crew 9 a gale on   
,lake ,huron4 ,%e c>ri$ sev5 cannon1 0  
well mann$ & arm$1 adorn$ ) c>v$ griff9 
& eagle heads1 & bore ! bann] & religion
 ( ,france amid all ! bord] tribes4     
,surely ! voyage ( ,columbus1 discov]+  
,hispaniola1 :ile sail+ be=e & obey+ !  
trade w9ds1 did n surpass 9 real        
adv5ture ?is simple exp$ition ( ^?      
half-w>rior pione] voyageurs1 ,fa!rs    

,h5nep9 & ,la ,salle4 ,! memory ( _!    
visit is yet immortal 9 ! local names   
giv5 by !m & /ill *]i%$2 :ile ! influ5ce
 ( ,france /ill l+]s at ,detroit & _m   
o!r prom95t po9ts 9 ?is wide region1    
once ! empire ( ,l\is ,,xiv4  ,we rea*$ 
! ,saut ,sa9te ,m>ie ab\t #d ,p4 ,m4 ( !
 #b;d ( ,augu/4 ,"h ! ,riv] ,/4 ,m>y1 or
 ! ea/]n outlet ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 aft] a
 wide c\rse ( fifty miles1 ga!rs !      
multitude ( its wat]s into a n>r[ *annel
 ( less ?an a mile 9 wid? & l5g?1 (     
swift & impassable rapids4  ,! gr& ,%ip 
,canal1 ) its /one banks ( ab\t eighty  
feet wid? & ?ree locks1 transports !    
l>ge/ tonnage ar\nd ^! rapids4 ,?is     
great "w 0 complet$ 9 #aheg by !        
contractors1 ,era/us ,corn+1 ( ,new     
,york1 ,fairbanks1 & o!rs1 = a contract 
price ( sev5 hundr$ & fifty ?\s& acres (
 l&1 *iefly m9]al1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan4
 ,dur+ our /eam]'s canal passage ( ab\t 
two h\rs1 we 7 int]e/$ by ! picturesque 
sc5]y1 unt5ant$ save by ! wigwam & ! b>k
 canoe4 ,z usual1 ^u ! arrival ( !      

/eam]1 ! long canoe1 /eadily held by a  
s+le boy & paddle1 9 a curr5t swift z ! 
,niag>a1 %oots out into ! ,saut1 :ile ! 
,indian1 /&+ erect 9 ! canoe1 pois+ 8   
h>poon & scrap net1 /rikes or swoops 9 !
 l>ge & delici\s :ite fi%1 assur$ ( a   
capaci\s basketful & m1 be=e ! /eam]    
leaves ! canal4  ,& ?us we float$ onw>d 
to ! bosom ( great ,sup]ior4  ,our c\rse
 0 along ! ,/4 ,m>y outlet1 nor?we/]ly  
t[>d ,:ite ,fi% ,po9t1 on ! ma9 s\?     
%ore1 project+ f> out into ! lake4 ,we 7
 h5ce c>ri$ miles away f sight ( !      
fam$-pictur$ rocks or ( any l&4 ,t5d+   
s\!rly & /ill we/w>d1 we /eam$ on ov] ! 
d>k wat]s1 dur+ a s]5e night1 until     
daylight %[$ u ! beautiful t[n (        
,m>quette4 ,sc>ce sev5 ye>s old1 ! fruit
 ( ! iron m9+ 9 its vic9ity1 x spreads  
its neat :ite cottages ar\nd ! cresc5t (
 its bay & riv] on an amphi!atre (      
hills4 ,! rail tra9 de/9$ to ,bai de    
,noc1 on ,gre5 ,bay1 & f9i%$ to         
,m>quette ,m9es1 9 all "s eighte5 miles1
 0 />t+ ^u our arrival4 ,m>quette1 ?\gh 

s "y1 a m]e gr\p ( cottages1 front+ a   
wild]ness1 f its ri* m9es ( ! be/ iron1 
has become at once a sc5e ( indu/ry &   
l>ge outlay ( capital2 :ile ! beauty (  
its position & its unrivall$ climate1   
surpass+ all o!rs on ,lake ,sup]ior1 h  
already made x ! mo/ attractive summ]   
resort1 z well = ! pleasure travell] z !
 pulmon>y invalid4 ,its climate1 )\t !  
sea air1 has a cool1 silk5 s(tness1     
rem9d+ "o ( ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,x  
is m equable & c]ta92 ! summ] av]age is 
#ff1 & ! w9t] #da2 :ile ! lake w9d &    
evaporation secure x f ! rapid *anges ( 
! sea %ores4  ,m>quette is ! lake port &
 entrepot ( ! %ort range ( iron m\nta9s 
:i* adjo9 _! si/]s1 kn[n z ! ,porcup9e  
,m\nta9s1 9 ^: dep?s lies ! fam\s copp] 
ore1 n unmix$ ) silv] & o!r preci\s     
deposits4 ,?is great m\nta9 =tress      
ext5ds f ,m>quette to ,montreal ,riv]1  
beyond ,ontonagon1 ! we/]n b\nd>y ( !   
,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 9 a l9e ( ab\t twelve 
to eighte5 miles s\? ( ! lake1 & (t5    
approa*es two ?\s& feet 9 height1 lift+ 

its =e/ sides 9 con/ant view = m ?an two
 hundr$ miles4 ,leav+ ,m>quette & ! iron
 range at #g ,a4,m41 on ! #c;d ( ,augu/1
 we sail$ = ,portage1 ! fir/ h>bor 9 !  
copp] m\nta9s1 arriv+ ab\t noon4        
,portage is a %all[ bay or m\? ( ! riv] 
( ! same "n1 on ! ea/ %ore (            
,keewaiwonah ,promontory1 or1 z x is    
commonly call$1 ,kewe5aw ,po9t4 ,! m9es 
& t[n ( ,portage lie at ! m\nta9s1 ab\t 
sixte5 miles inl&4 ,a few huts 7 ! only 
signs ( settlem5t at ! bay4 ,tugs l&$ ! 
freight & pass5g]s1 & we soon left !    
wood$ bank = ! broad expanse ( ! lake1  
turn+ ! head ( ! promontory1 & at #e    
,p4,m4 rea*+ ,copp] ,h>bor on its       
nor?we/ %ore4 ,"h we lay till morn+4 ,! 
village is small1 at ! base ( a l[]     
range ( m9]al m\nta9s1 spurs ( ! ma9    
*a94  ,! ,cl>ke ,copp] ,m9e is )9 two   
miles ( ! :>f4 ,?is m9e1 l _m o!rs1 has 
_h _m own]s4 ,x _h j gone ?r\gh !       
exp]im5ts ( a ,fr5* company1 :i* exp5d$ 
its capital1 z alleg$1 9 build+ f9e     
roads1 bridges1 & resid5ces = its ag5ts1

 :ile ! m9+ _h sc>cely rea*$ "o hundr$ &
 tw5ty feet deep1 & !n employ$ only six 
,fr5*m5 z its m9]s1 ^: ore product 0    
little ov] ?ree p] c5t4 ( copp]4 ,9 o!r 
h&s1 p]haps1 x may n[ yield a bett]     
rew>d4  ,we 7 mu* amus$ ) ! description 
giv5 by ^! ,fr5*m5 ( ! mi%aps ( _!      
ill-direct$ ent]prise4 ,p]si/5t z       
,*9ese1 resembl+ _m o!rs ( ! ,fr5*      
nation 9 _! ignorance ( our c\ntry1     
language1 or cu/oms1 !y _h pass$ ?r\gh  
_m droll blund]s1 :i* r5d]$ _! n>rative 
highly ent]ta9+4  ,copp] ,h>bor1 al?\gh 
s small1 only !n claim+ ab\t sev5ty     
legal vot]s 9 ! entire t[n%ip1 includ+ !
 m9es1 0 promis$ ! unusual treat ( a    
political address t ev5+1 z duly        
plac>d$1 f a g5tleman1 :o 0 !n c&idate =
 ,gov]nor ( ,mi*igan1 & came 9 our boat4
 ,! apa?y & indiff]5ce ( ! free &       
enlight5$ electors ( ,copp] ,h>bor 7    
rem>kable4 ,a small1 d+y room1 adjo9+ ! 
only /ore1 0 ! de/9$ ar5a2 & !re91 dimly
 light$ by "s tall[ c&les1 long sat !   
c&idate--alone3 a reject$ ,timon1 ^:    

reflections 7 nev] publi%$4 ,! only     
int]e/ tak5 9 ! meet+ 7t came "u my     
notice7 0 an anxi\s inquiry by ! own] ( 
! build+ = 8 r5t & exp5se ( c&les1 etc41
 paym5t ( :i* 0 alleg$ to h be5 refus$  
by ! c&idate4  ,s+ul>ly happy ,copp]    
,h>bor6 y\r cont5t$ equanimity is       
unruffl$ by all ! /ormy /rife (         
politicians4  ,its lake front is grac$  
by a =t1 n[ & long s9ce a wat]-cure     
e/abli%m5t4 ,all ^! ,we/]n =ts1 erect$  
_m ye>s ago1 seem n int5d$ = (f5ce1 b r 
z /ockades or blockh\ses ( %elt] f !    
,indians4 ,!y are arrang$ z ext5sive    
t5em5ts )91 pi]c$ = musketry1 & only 9  
"s cases ) t]races = cannon4 ,^! fronti]
 =ts1 long ! dwell+ ( ! hunt] or 8      
family 9 ! wild]ness1 7 gu>d$ by !      
company ( troops :o protect$ ! settl]s &
 ma9ta9$ ! sov]eignty ( our flag &      
nation ov] ^! remote wilds4 ,!y are     
always plac$ 9 ! mo/ eligible & comm&+  
positions1 & seem z if by design to h   
secur$ ! settlem5t ( ^! po9ts1 :i* 9 all
 cases h become ! ?rong$ cities or      

favorite t[ns ( ! ev]-gr[+ ,we/4 ,?us1 9
 ,europe1 ! anci5t ,roman =tifi$ camps  
on _! fronti]s f\nd$ ,cologne1 ,*e/]1   
,vi5na1 ,milan1 ,v]ona1 & o!r cities1   
once _! milit>y outpo/s aga9/ b>b>ism4  
,ab\t #g ,a4 ,m4 ( ! #d? ,augu/1 we left
 ,copp] ,h>bor on our c\rse1 & soon     
rea*$ ,eagle ,riv]4 ,?is is ano!r       
copp]-m9+ settlem5t1 /raggl+ along its  
poor h>bor1 some:at l>g] ?an ,copp]     
,h>bor1 & m picturesque4 ,l&+ a few (   
our company1 we sail$ to ,ontonagon1 !  
l>ge/ ( ^! copp]-m9e t[ns 7p]haps two   
?\s& 9 population71 & situat$ ^u a s&   
rea* at ! m\? ( its riv]1 :i* leads to !
 ,great ,m9nesota ,m9e1 eighte5 miles   
di/ant4  ,e>ly 9 ! cle> morn+ ( ! #e? ( 
,augu/1 we 7 mov+ up ,all\ez ,bay4      
,s\nd+ sl[ly ov] its b>1 & pass+        
,m9nesota ,po9t & ,isl&1 betwe5 ! m\?s (
 ! ,riv]s ,/4 ,l\is & ,nemadji1 we      
arriv$ at ,sup]ior ,city1 our de/9$     
hav54  ,sup]ior ,city1 by its pret5ti\s 
"n1 great di/ance1 & our expectations1  
_h ris5 to mu* importance 9 our         

imag9ation1 b ! actual sc5e pres5t$ a   
wide contra/4 ,a l>ge t[n--or           
metropolis--on a poor h>bor1 )\t int]ior
 res\rces or communications1 _h be5     
ha/ily project$4 ,x is call$ ! head (   
ocean navigation1 & ! t]m9us ( _m       
propos$ b z yet imag9>y railroads4 ,:ile
 ! titles to all ! l& are /ill 9        
litigation1 ! wild]ness %ades its       
/reets1 &1 sav+ ! r>e arrival ( !       
,indian mail c>ri] on sn[ %oes1 dur+ six
 mon?s ( int5se cold1 !y are isolat$ f  
all humanity4 ,its gr& prospectus1 "s   
five ye>s be=e1 _h drawn !re ab\t ?ree  
?\s& p2 & soon aft]w>d1 />v$ &          
disappo9t$1 ne>ly all1 save p]haps five 
hundr$1 _h des]t$4 ,ab\t two miles (    
/reets1 plank$ f ! mud1 ) frame dwell+s1
 _h be5 con/ruct$1 & !y _h already      
atta9$ ! fir/ municipal                 
bless+--taxes--to ! total ( #de1jjj1    
payable by ?is feeble remnant ( a       
settlem5t1 ma9ly ( ab&on$ dwell+s4 ,%\ld
 ! railroads s frequ5tly survey$ &      
design$ to t]m9ate "h be really built1  

,sup]ior ,city may see1 to "s ext5t1 9  
future ye>s1 some:at ( t prosp]ity :i*  
its projectors1 bl9d$ by _! hopes1 _h   
?\ght already realiz$4  ,few positions  
are m picturesque4 ,9 front1 ! %ores (  
,portl& & ,m9nesota rise 9 beautiful    
gr&eur1 & ! bay & h>bor1 al?\gh         
imp]fect1 are ri*ly wood$ & v graceful2 
:ile1 all ! way ?i!r1 f ,la ,po9te1 !   
lake's wat]s1 ly+ among ! m\nta9s1 %ad[$
 by _! heavy foliage1 rem9d "o mu* ( !  
sc5]y ( ! ,l[] ,danube4 ,?is gho/ ( a   
city _h n mu* left ( int]e/1 & we pass$ 
our day 9 arrang+ = ! j\rney across !   
c\ntry s\?w>d to ,/4 ,paul4  ,& "h we   
f\nd ourselves really pione]s4 ,no road 
or transport 0 alleg$ to exi/4 ,we      
p]sev]$4 ,indians & trapp]s beset u ) _!
 projects ( track+ & portage by ! ,/4   
,croix & o!r riv]s1 requir+ a camp life 
) /range companions ( ne>ly a mon? to   
accompli% ! di/ance ( only "o hundr$ &  
sixty-?ree miles1 equival5t to t (      
,albany f ,new ,york4 ,a milit>y road   
direct ?r\gh ! wild]ness _h be5 (t5     

survey$1 & once cut ?r\gh1 ( ab\t eighty
 feet wid?1 to ne> ,sunrise ,city1 fifty
 miles f ,/4 ,paul2 at :i* po9t ! d5se  
=e/ spreads into oak op5+s & beautiful  
prairies4 ,?is s+le cutt+1 long ov]gr[n 
9 l(ty p9es1 ) ! frequ5t surveys &      
contracts1 f ! ye> #aheb to #aheg1 _h   
co/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 = ?is    
di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ & twelve miles1
 #aej1jjj2 & no actual road _h ev] yet  
be5 made4 ,=tunately = our ent]prise1 we
 met a g5tleman :o _h j grop$ ?r\gh     
safely on horseback4 ,we 7 reassur$1 &  
engag$ ! only available wagon & team--a 
small1 frail affair1 devoid ( cov]1     
seats1 or spr+s2 &1 ) ample provisions1 
p]*$ ^u our luggage1 we roll$ out (     
,sup]ior ,city t ev5+1 &1 pass+ its     
significantly l>ge cemet]y1 we at once  
ent]$ ! =e/4 ,^! woods are *iefly ( p9e1
 c$>1 tam>ack1 or hemlock1 gigantic 9   
size1 a dre>y solitude1 unvisit$ by any 
bird or game1 save an occasional hawk or
 owl4 ,!y are b ! s\!rn outpo/s ( t =e/ 
army :i* begirds ,hudson's ,bay1 &      

spreads its gloomy b>ri] ( ! same trees 
ar\nd ! dom9ions ( ! ,ice ,k+1 :ile x is
 ! only =e/ to be met ) 9 all !         
,mississippi ,valley4  ,! wid? ( ab\t   
eighty feet--t !oretical road = :i* !   
,unit$ ,/ates _h paid s (t5 & s well--0 
se5 betwe5 ! mightie/ s5t9el trees2 b 9 
! mid/ _h sprung up a fre% gr[?1 (t5    
ne>ly "o hundr$ feet high1 surr\nd$ by  
huge /umps1 & heavy und]gr[? ( ! r5ew+  
=e/1 v>i$ ) hopeless mudholes & swamps1 
& only at int]vals ( ab\t tw5ty miles 0 
!re any habitation4  ,su* 0 ! great     
milit>y road4 ,p]haps its progress      
equall$ ! actual wants ( ?is region2 =  
population _h n yet cr[d$ any ( ! =e/   
bord]s4 ,x 0 !n by ! adjo9+ t[n%ips1 "u 
,/ate laws1 feebly comm5c+ to be really 
made z a road2 & frequ5tly we halt$ at !
 camps ( ^! h>dy sons ( toil4 ,our fir/ 
tw5ty-"o miles to ,tw9 ,lakes1 at ! be/ 
spe$1 ) good horses1 occupi$ eight h\rs1
 ?ree ( :i*1 9 ! middle ( ! night1 7    
pass$ "u delug+ ra9 accompani$ by ?und] 
& lightn+ ( ! mo/ appall+ gr&eur1 ?ump+ 

9 ! %elt]less wagon ov] /umps & bogholes
 ?r\gh ! dre>y woods4  ,tw9 ,lakes--or !
 i/hmus betwe5 two small lakes1 9 !     
dep?s ( ! =e/--is a solit>y log h\se &  
/able4 ,its proprietor & our l&lord = ! 
night's %elt] 01 ,i believe1 nam$ ,john 
,smi?4 ,) 8 family he _h liv$ !re1 keep+
 ?is hotel = "s ye>s1 own+ sev]al lots 9
 ! pap] ,city ( ,tw9 ,lakes1 ri* 9 !    
anticipat$ tide ( ga9 to fl[ f ! cr[d$  
?or\ghf>e ( ! great milit>y road4       
,happy man6 we 7 ! fir/ p>ty on :eels t 
_h yet essay$ ! road4 ,p]haps 8 po/]ity1
 by pati5ce1 may w9 _! rew>d4  ,our ra9 
deluge1 ) %eet$ lightn+ & peal+ ?und]1 0
 ceaseless ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,its e*oes  
amid ! =e/ solitudes 7 awful2 & our     
fitful sleep 0 v>i$ by ! ra9 dripp+     
betwe5 ! logs ( our %elt]4  ,h[ev]1     
morn+ came at la/1 bright1 cle>1 & calm2
 & e>ly we resum$ our wagon & way-pick+ 
among ! famili> logs & /umps1 conte/+ z 
= life ) legions ( mosquitoes1 s&flies1 
etc4 ,& ?us we made ?irty miles f>!r    
7halt+ at a camp = d9n]7 to ! ,city (   

,*5gwatana1 :i* is s nam$ on ! l>ge &   
beautiful map !re(1 prep>$ 9 ,new ,york4
 ,x is laid out 9 ,broadways1 ,fif?     
,av5ues1 ,lydig ,av5ue1 &1 ,i believe1  
,daly ,squ>e1 s nam$ f ,j4 ,daly1 ( ,new
 ,york1 ) p>ks1 colleges1 etc41 etc41   
adequate = a million ( inhabitants4 ,?is
 f9e imag9>y picture prov$ unavail+ to  
sell ! l&4 ,x /ill rema9s a swamp bord]+
 ,snake ,riv]1 9 ! bosom ( ! wild]ness2 
& its entire population 0 only "o ,g]man
 & 8 family--really indef9ite 9 numb] ( 
*ildr5--& two log h\ses1 betwe5 :i* he  
vibrat$ at pleasure4  ,our arrival 0 9  
ano!r viol5t ra91 la/+ f> into ! night2 
b we consid]$ ourselves1 by ?is "t1 road
 & wat] pro(4 ,on ! riv] %ore1 by ! r$  
gl>e ( ! fire light a wigwam & "s       
,indians 7 visible2 & frequ5tly we he>d 
_! rifle %ots4 ,to our surprise1 9 !    
morn+1 in/ead ( de]1 !y br\ght 9 a l>ge 
basket ( lake tr\t1 ea* pi]c$ ?r\gh !   
head ) a bullet :5 approa*+ ! fire      
light4  ,morn+ f\nd u e>ly on our h>d   
way to ! fam$ ,city ( ,=tuna1 ^: picture

 display$ a simil> orig9 & imag9ation1 &
 its reality 0 ev5 m doleful4  ,=tuna   
,city1 on ,kettle ,riv]1 9 ! woods1     
conta9$ ?ree log cab9s1 & no            
inhabitants4 ,a boy came hi!r1 p]haps f 
,sup]ior1 ! day be=e1 to meet our p>ty4 
,aft] repell+ "s furi\s *>ges ( !       
mosquito cavalry1 :o display$ _! vigor  
aft] long />v+1 we gave up ! conte/1 &  
attempt$ sleep4  ,to our log cab9 _h    
come t day sev]al eng9e]s1 :o =m$ a     
survey+ p>ty = ano!r railroad project1  
pass+ ?r\gh ?is =e/ f ,/4 ,paul1 :5ce !y
 _h />t$ a mon? be=e ) an ample wagon   
tra94 ,! ,indians _h murd]$ ! driv]s &  
captur$ ! wagons ) _! entire prop]ty2 & 
9 _! de/itution !y s\ght ?is only %elt]4
 ,we took !m =w>d ) u into ,/4 ,paul1 & 
7 greatly indebt$ = _! intellig5t       
society & k9d att5tions4  ,=tuna ,city  
_h "o peculi> int]e/ to u2 x 0 ! la/    
halt & lodg+ 9 ! =e/4 ,our next day's   
ride--if su* x may be call$--br\ght u to
 ! oak op5+s at ,folsom's1 a cle>+ on ! 
s\!rn skirt ( ?is wild]ness1 & %ortly   

aft] to ,sunrise ,city4  ,our =e/ j\rney
 to-day 0 v>i$ by ! utt] collapse ( !   
wagon 9 a va9 *>ge ^u an ob/9ate /ump2 &
 p]=ce we walk$ = miles1 till rea*+ a   
camp ( ! road work]s on ! f>!r bank (   
,gr9d/one ,riv]1 we joyfully =d$ & f\nd 
%elt] f ! noontide heat & mosquitoes2   
:ile ! ,g]man sutl]1 :o alone rema9$1   
busi$ himself 9 8 primitive al fresco   
cook]y1 :i* we enjoy$1 & !n1 ex*ang+ to 
ano!r wagon1 ha/5$ on to our de/9ation4 
,! oak op5+s--^? gr& p>klike expanses & 
rolls ( l&1 ) /ately gr\ps ( giant      
oaks--f> surpass+ all culture ( man1 set
 out by ! ,creator on su* a noble =e/   
backgr\nd1 nev] look$ m maje/ic &       
beautiful4 ,!y 7 vocal ) s++ birds1 &   
fill$ ) life2 at _! foot ?rong$ ! gr\se 
or prairie *ick51 d>t+ ?r\gh ! high     
fl[]+ grasses 7ri*] ?an all g>d5 fl[]s7 
9 su* numb]s t b a few feet f our :eels 
we %ot !m 9 great abundance4  ,sunrise  
,city--a village b ( ye/]day 7public    
l&s1 = sale by proclamation1 adjo9+7--is
 beautifully plac$ on ,sunrise ,riv]1 & 

might h !n conta9$ ab\t five hundr$     
inhabitants1 ^: neat :ite cottages &    
pleasant /reets1 bord]+ a romantic riv] 
& bridge1 made a picture n unlike !     
sc5]y ( ,w>wick%ire1 ,engl&4  ,we rea*$ 
"h--fifty miles /ill nor? ( ,/4         
,paul--to pass ! fir/ night ( our ride 9
 a com=table dwell+4  ,_m a f9e f>m1 j  
cle>$ & brok51 attract$ u "h1 & h5ce    
along ! prairie road into ,/4 ,paul1 :]e
 we arriv$ at ! close ( ! foll[+ day1   
:i* prov$ to be1 z we kept no cal5d>1   
,?ursday1 ! #i? ( ,augu/4  ,our drive   
?is la/ day l$ pa/ num]\s l9k$ lakes1 ) 
_! bord]s ( ! tall ,m9nesota rice grass 
9 fl[]1 ! home ( ! canvas back1 pelican1
 & swan4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! village (       
,little ,canada1 we rode on to ,m9nehaha
 ,prairie along its g5tle1 v]dant slope1
 & lapse ( %9+ wat]s ( ,twelve ,lakes1  
grac$ ) ! names ( ,como1 ,g>da1 etc41 & 
adorn$ ) _m a pretty boat & sail4 ,a few
 miles fur!r br\ght u to ! upp] t]race (
 beautiful ,/4 ,paul4  ,z pione]s ( ?is 
wild]ness r\te1 we met ) m>k$ att5tion f

 all1 & pass$ "s agreeable days at ,/4  
,paul1 ,=t ,snell+1 ,m9neapolis1 ,/4    
,an?ony1 & _! num]\s po9ts ( int]e/4    
,our homew>d r\te 0 by ! ,mississippi   
,riv] to ,prairie du ,*i51 :]e old ,=t  
,craw=d1 !n a m]e t5em5t1 comm&s !      
conflu5ce ( ! ,wiscons9 ,riv] ) ! ,fa!r 
( ,wat]s4 ,?is sail ( ?ree hundr$ miles 
consum$ =ty-eight h\rs4  ,! riv] banks  
rec$e & advance 9 lake-l expanses along 
its w9d+ c\rse1 & _! ri*ly wood$        
heights1 cr[n$ ) r$ s&/one1 resemble !  
ru9$ ,rh9e ca/les4 ,! sail ?r\gh ,lake  
,pep91 & betwe5 ! ,/ates ( ,m9nesota1   
,i[a1 & ,wiscons91 0 v>i$ by frequ5t &  
?riv+ t[ns & villages4  ,f ,prairie du  
,*i5--a picture ( /raggl+ despair--by ! 
,milwaukie & ,prairie du ,*i5 ,railroad1
 & ! ,nor?we/]n ,railroad1 two hundr$ & 
tw5ty-two miles1 we rea*$ ,*icago1 &    
pass$ ?r\gh a cr[d ( beautiful t[ns1 9 a
 ,/ate sc>ce a g5]ation s9ce reclaim$ f 
! ,indians4 ,famili> railroads          
transport$ u f ,*icago to ,detroit1     
,niag>a1 ,albany1 & ,new ,york4  ,our   

:ole di/ance ( travel 9 ?ree weeks 0    
?irty-f\r hundr$ & =ty-"o miles4 ,x 0   
brief1 b spic$ ) adv5ture1 & ov] a field
 ( va/ int]e/1 pres5t & future4  ,our   
beautiful c\ntry1 made "o & indivisible 
by ! great & good ,au?or ( its exi/5ce1 
?r\gh its mighty natural features1 has1 
among its *ief gr&eurs1 ?is wat] sy/em (
 ! great nor!rn lakes1 ! fronti] ( !    
ev]-progressive & patriotic ,we/ &      
,nor?4 ,9 dim5sions1 sublimity1 &       
beauty1 by ! cons5t ( all1 x is )\t     
p>allel on e>?4  ,a volume ( ! pure/    
fre% wat] is ga!r$ 9 ,lake ,sup]ior1 )\t
 visible1 adequate supply1 to a dep? (  
"o ?\s& feet1 ) a l5g? ( ne> five hundr$
 miles1 & av]age bread? ( "o hundr$ &   
sixty miles1 on a bottom lift$ six      
hundr$ feet above sea level4  ,?is      
incalculable mass ( wat] moves its      
limpid wave ?r\gh ! ,saut ,sa9te ,m>ie  
into its tw9 seas1 ,lakes ,mi*igan &    
,huron1 !n by ,/4 ,clair & ,detroit     
,riv]s is p\r$ ?r\gh ,lake ,erie1 ev]   
gradually desc5d+1 till1 at great       

,niag>a1 ',! ,?und] ( ! ,wat]s1' x      
tosses 9 fury along its rapids1 leaps ! 
cat>act 9 glory1 at a rate ( "o hundr$  
millions ( tons ( wat] ! h\r1 & !n      
sweeps away into ,lake ,ont>io1 to =m t 
nor!rn ,mississippi1 ! ,riv] ,/4        
,lawr5ce1 :i*1 = ov] "o ?\s& miles1     
holds on its ev] increas+ & wid5+       
curr5t1 9 maje/y to ! broad ,atlantic4  
,by ! canals at ! ,falls & ,saut ,sa9te 
,m>ie1 direct & cont9u\s %ip & /eam     
navigation = sea-go+ vessels f !        
,atlantic to ,sup]ior ,city1 ! extreme  
,nor?we/1 or ,*icago on ! ,s\?we/1 ov]  
?ree ?\s& miles ?r\gh ! he>t ( !        
cont95t1 is op51 :ile ! ,am]ican coa/   
l9e along ^! great wat]s1 exce$s        
?irty-two hundr$ miles4 ,complete 9     
itself1 ! s\rce ( life1 heal?1 f9e      
climate1 f]tility1 weal?1 & c\ntless    
bless+s to all its %ores & valleys1 x is
 divid$ by l(ty b>ri]s f all ! o!r *ief 
wat] sy/ems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!       
,mississippi rises 9 ! highl&s (        
,m9nesota at ,lake ,itasca1 m ?an "o    

hundr$ miles we/ ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 &    
ga!rs 9 its c\rse all ! riv]s ( its     
valley4 ,/ill l(ti] m\nta9s sep>ate !   
s\rces ( ! ,hudson & ,connecticut1 & !  
o!r riv]s ( ! ,atlantic slope4  ,bless$ 
) soil & climate unsurpass$1 & a        
,gov]nm5t ! ne>e/ to p]fection1 ?is     
region1 wat]$ by a mighty inl& ocean1 is
 already ! *ief gran>y ( ! _w1 z well z 
its great m9]al /ore1 al?\gh its railway
 sy/em is n yet ext5d$ to its utmo/     
limits2 & beyond ,mi*igan x is sc>ce    
?irty ye>s s9ce ! ,am]icans ga9$ a      
settlem5t 9 its bord]s4  ,! greatness ( 
anci5t ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa ga!r$  
along ! %ores & h>bors ( ! ,m$it]ranean2
 all beyond 0 b>b>ism1 b\nd to !        
sov]eigns ( ! ,midl& ,sea only by t]ror 
( arms4 ,ev5 to ?is day1 ! laws &       
lit]ature ( ^? ma/] nations are yet     
dom9ant 9 all ! le>n+ & social polity ( 
,europe4 ,?is great nor!rn wat] sy/em is
 geographically ! ,m$it]ranean ( ! ,nor?
 ,am]ican cont95t1 & ,m9nesota1 ! actual
 c5tre1 is its omphalos4  ,!            

geographical c5tre ( ,nor? ,am]ica 9 !  
he>t ( ,m9nesota is also ! p9nacle ( its
 wat]%$--! c5tral s\rce ( ! maje/ic     
riv]s ^: va/ bas9s det]m9e ! physical   
cont\r1 climates1 products1 comm]ce1    
indu/ry1 & political de/9y ( two-fif?s (
 ! :ole cont95t4  ,) su* a !atre =      
developm5t1 ! future ( ?is great area1 9
 ne> grasp1 surpasses conception4       
,egypt1 ) x endless r5[n1 dw9dles into  
insignificance 9 comp>ison4 ,! p>am\nt  
supremacy ( any nation dep5ds :olly on  
its utility to ! re/ ( mank9d4  ,!      
w>rior nation yields 9 turn to a /rong] 
foe1 :ile all alike are will+ tribut>ies
 to ! natural arbit] ( comm]ce & s\rce (
 food supply4 ,w>s1 by ! laws (         
,provid5ce1 att5d ! convulsions (       
national *ange & gr[?2 b all alike ev]  
welcome ! :ite-w+$ doves ( comm]ce z !  
m9i/]s & mess5g]s ( national glory &    
prosp]ity4     ,,engli% ,,& ,,am]ican   
,,taxation4   ,!re h be5 few m /rik+    
circum/ances connect$ ) ! transc5d5t    
*anges :i* h tak5 place 9 ?is c\ntry    

dur+ ! pa/ ?ree ye>s ?an ! /eady        
v]ification1 amid e *ange1 ( ^? great   
pr9ciples ( political economy :i*1 dur+ 
! pa/ half c5tury1 h be5 ! practical    
guides ( ,european legislation4 ,9 fact1
 "u ! pressure ( w> we are sl[ly com+ to
 realize our fell[%ip ) ! communities ( 
! ,old ,_w 9 ! laws ( social *ange4 ,/ep
 by /ep ! nation is n[ pass+ ?r\gh all !
 *anges 9 its int]nal & dome/ic         
condition t took place 9 ,great ,brita9 
9 ! w>s ) ,napoleon4 ,/ruck ) ! novelty 
& app>5t anomalies ( our condition1 we h
 be5 incl9$ to feel t x 0 )\t p>allels 9
 hi/ory4 ,b 9 t p]iod ( ,engli% hi/ory  
:i* beheld a susp5sion ( specie paym5t  
protract$ tw5ty ye>s1 an enorm\s        
expansion ( ! curr5cy--! appreciation ( 
gold--a rise 9 prices unp>allel$ 9 any  
c\ntry--a wild _s ( speculation--&1 )   
all1 an appe>ance ( a/oni%+ prosp]ity 9 
! mid/ ( a mo/ exhau/+ w>1 we see !     
reflection ( our own condition1 & f9d ! 
lessons by :i* we %\ld be gov]n$4 ,we h 
n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 become a p consci\s (  

taxation4 ,x is cle> t ! burd5s ( !     
future mu/ be /ill great] ?an any?+ we h
 yet borne 9 ! pa/4 ,! que/ions z to !  
be/ modes ( taxation h already begun to 
call =? ! anxi\s delib]ation ( ! nation4
 ,! "q is ask$ by "s if we h n already  
rea*$ t limit :]e taxation ceases to be 
a contribution f ! surplus ( society1 & 
beyond :i* x w become a draught on !    
vital1 productive en]gies ( ! c\ntry4 ,x
 _c be unpr(itable1 at su* a "t1 to     
exam9e ! hi/ory ( ,engli% taxation 9 !  
great p]iods ( simil> trial ?r\gh :i* t 
nation has pass$4  ,! great rebellion   
m>ks ! era ( ! adoption ( a regul> sy/em
 ( taxation 9 ,great ,brita94 ',f a     
p]iod ( immemorial antiquity1' says     
,macaulay1 'x _h be5 ! practice ( e     
,engli% ,gov]nm5t to contract debts2 :at
 ! ,revolution introduc$ 0 ! practice ( 
hone/ly pay+ !m4'  ,! *ange is          
significant ( ! triumph ( ! p4 ,x 0     
f\nd1 on ! break+ out ( ! rebellion1 t n
 ev5 an army ( ,puritans c\ld be su/a9$ 
)\t money4 ,! plan ( weekly assessm5ts 0

 at fir/ adopt$4 ,x 0 unequal &         
frequ5tly oppressive4 ,9 #afdc x 0      
propos$1 9 ! republican ,p>liam5t1 to   
place a tax on ! manufacture ( be] &    
cid]4 ,! proposition 0 n at fir/        
favorably receiv$4 ,t solemn body _h no 
objection to *eck+ ! abom9ations ( be]  
dr9k+1 b x hesitat$ to inaugurate a     
species ( taxation :i* seem$ to infr+e  
^u "s ( ! mo/ *]i%$ rights ( ,engli%m54 
,aft] mu* discussion ! bill 0 c>ri$1    
?\gh ) ! express decl>ation t x 0       
compell$ by ! necessities ( ! /ate1 &   
%\ld n be r5ew$4 ,! tax 0 soon f\nd too 
conv5i5t to be disp5s$ )4 ,9 spite ( !  
good resolutions ( ,p>liam5t1 ! act 0   
aga9 & aga9 r5ew$4 ,z ! necessities ( ! 
/ate increas$1 ! li/ ( articles 0       
enl>g$1 & ! rate ( duty gradually       
augm5t$4 ,?us ! excise 0 introduc$ to ! 
,engli% p1 & ?us1 almo/ be=e !y _h ceas$
 to look ^u x z an intrud]1 x _h acquir$
 a foo?old 9 ! budget1 f :i* x has nev] 
s9ce be5 possible to %ake x4 ,! burd5 ( 
! excise at ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 0 n       

oppressive4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? & !    
reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 a tax1 :i* has s9ce
 produc$ to ! /ate an annual income (   
#ij1jjj1jjj1 did n probably av]age m ?an
 #ejj1jjj4 ,x gives u a s+ul> picture ( 
! simplicity ( t p]iod t ev5 ?is small  
sum made up "o ?ird ( ! :ole royal      
rev5ue = ! ye>4 ,! o!r two ?irds 7 drawn
 9 ab\t equal proportions f ! cu/oms &  
cr[n l&s4  ,we n[ approa* "o ( ! mo/    
important eras 9 ! f9ancial hi/ory (    
,engl&4 ,! nation 0 yet unaccu/om$ to   
taxation1 & 0 weigh$ d[n by no national 
debt4 ,9 ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 & !     
ev5ts t grew imm$iately out ( x1 we f9d1
 h[ev]1 ! orig9 ( ne>ly e species ( tax 
n[ 9 use 9 ,great ,brita94 ,9 ! same    
agitat$ p]iod we f9d also ! beg9n+ ( !  
national debt4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 esp\s$ !    
cause ( ,james1 & ,engl& ent]$ ^u a w> )
 ,france4 ,9 a conflict ) ! greate/     
mon>*y ( ,europe1 ! ,gov]nm5t soon f\nd 
itself =c$ to adopt a scale ( national  
exp5diture :i* ! prec$+ g5]ation w\ld n 
h conceiv$ possible4 ,at once1 z 9 a    

night1 a h>ve/ ( /range taxes sprang up 
on e h&4 ,! li/ ( excisable articles 0  
increas$4 ,! tax on h\ses & w9d[s1 t _h 
be5 s unpopul> 9 ! prec$+ reign1 0 aga9 
introduc$1 & a new appraisem5t 0 made ( 
all ! real e/ate 9 ! k+dom4 ,a deg5]ate 
age might take exceptions to "s ( ! o!r 
taxes n[ in/itut$4 ,an act 0 pass$ plac+
 a tax ^u ba*elors & wid[]s1 fix+1 at ! 
same "t1 'c]ta9 rules & duties on       
m>riages1 bir?s1 & burials1 = ! t]m (   
five ye>s1 = ! c>ry+ on ! w> aga9/      
,france ) vigor4' ,m5 7 n ev5 p]mitt$ to
 enjoy ! subtile luxury d]iv$ f hav+ a  
title atta*$ to ! "n )\t taxation4      
,p]sons ( ! pres5t day1 wi%+ to "k !    
relative value ( ! titles1 w be int]e/$ 
9 ! foll[+ law1 pass$ at ?is "t3    ,e  
p]son be>+ ! title (   esquire1 or      
reput$1 or own+1 or   writ+ himself su*1
 %all pay      #e    ,e g5tleman1 or    
reput$ g5tleman1   or own+ himself su*1 
%all pay                            #a  
,^!1 h[ev]1 7 by no means ! mo/         
burd5some =ms ( taxation4 ,a man w\ld   

will+ly pay = ! di/9ction ( writ+       
himself an esquire1 :o w\ld grumble )   
dissatisfaction at ! duty on 8 salt4 ,b 
to meet ! increas+ exp5se ( ! /ate1 &   
'c>ry+ on ! w> ) vigor 9 ,france &      
,irel&' 7! propitiat+ clause ) :i* ne>ly
 all ! acts ( taxation ( ! p]iod close71
 ! mo/ m9ute articles1 bo? ( necessity &
 luxury1 7 requir$ to be> a portion ( ! 
common burd54 ,! nation bore its        
unaccu/om$ load ) s+ul> pati5ce4 ,a     
lic5se duty on hackney coa*es1 impos$ 9 
#afic1 call$ =?1 h[ev]1 opposition f an 
unexpect$ qu>t]4 ,! outrag$ wives ( !   
hackm5 assembl$1 &1 to express _!       
indignation at ! tax1 mobb$ ! (f5d+     
memb]s ( ,p>liam5t on _! way f ! ,h\se4 
,x %\ld be m5tion$1 z %[+ ! intrepidity 
( t body1 or1 m probably1 ! great       
necessities ( ! /ate1 t ! tax rema9$    
un*ang$4 ,9 spite ( all ^! taxes1 !     
greate/ difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 procur+ 
funds to c>ry on ! w>4 ,a g5]al lack (  
confid5ce 9 ! /ability ( ! ,gov]nm5t    
prev5t$ m5 f tak+ up readily ! loans :i*

 ! ,gov]nm5t 0 =c$ to call =4 ,v>i\s    
exp$i5ts 7 adopt$ to attract ! cupidity 
( capitali/s4 ,among ^! ! mo/ successful
 0 ! cu/om ( receiv+ loans ^u tont9es4  
,?is 0 a species ( annuity4 ,tw5ty or   
?irty p]sons unit$ 9 ! pur*ase f        
,gov]nm5t ( an annuity ^u ! jo9t lives (
 _! :ole numb]4 ,at ! dea? ( ea* 8 %>e  
w5t to ^? :o rema9$1 & 0 di/ribut$      
equally among !m4 ,! f9al survivor took 
! :ole annuity4 ,no inducem5ts1 h[ev]1 7
 suffici5t to ov]come ! popul> di/ru/4  
,! national debt _h already begun to    
accumulate4 ,ex*equ] bills sold on !    
/reet at =ty p] c5t4 disc\nt2 :ile1 at !
 same "t1 a wild _s ( speculation &     
adv5ture1 su* z is too apt to be produc$
 by ! unnatural excitem5ts ( a /ate (   
w>1 _h seiz$ ^u ! popul> m9d1 & ?reat5$1
 9 its reaction1 to br+ ! :ole nation to
 ru94  ,x 0 at ?is "t ( excitem5t &     
dang] t ! ,national ,bank 0 e/abli%$4 ,x
 0 n at fir/ favorably receiv$4 ,b !    
effect ( its /eady+ influ5ce soon began 
to be felt 9 ! :ole f9ancial condition (

 ! /ate4 ,x ev5 *eck$ = a "t ! fr5zi$ _s
 ( /ock jobb+1 :i* 0 absorb+ ! /r5g? ( !
 nation1 & ) :i* a few ye>s lat]1 :5 !  
:ole c\ntry ran wild ) ! ,s\? ,sea      
,bubble1 x 0 s ne>ly involv$ 9 a mortal 
/ruggle4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,bank1 !    
bus9ess ( ! nation gradually acquir$ an 
ev5ness & /ability :i* 0 unkn[n to any  
=m] age4  ,b :ile ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is    
,national ,bank suppli$ ! ,gov]nm5t ) a 
ready & economical me?od ( procur+      
funds1 x did n d away ) ! necessity (   
taxes4 ,a new =m ( taxation 0 n[ furni%$
 by ! ,dut*4 ,?is small & +5i\s p1 9 !  
def5ce ( _! lib]ty1 _h be5 e>ly =c$ into
 extraord9>y exp5ditures1 & 7 9 advance 
( e o!r nation 9 ! p]fection ( _! sy/em 
( taxation4 ,! ,engli% ,p>liam5t _h1 9 !
 prec$+ age1 borr[$ f !m ! excise4 ,!y  
n[ took f ! same s\rce ! idea ( /amp    
duties4 ,?is species ( tax _h be5 inv5t$
 9 a competition = a prize (f]$ by !    
,dut* ,gov]nm5t = ! discov]y ( a new =m 
( tax1 :i* %\ld press lightly on ! p1 &1
 at ! same "t1 produce a l>ge rev5ue to 

! /ate4 ,/amps 7 introduc$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! 
ye> #afic4 ,! nation 0 n[ 9 possession (
 ! f\r mo/ important me?ods ( taxation3 
cu/oms1 excise1 lic5ses1 & /amps4 ,!    
fir/ _h exi/$ 9 ! isl& f a p]iod (      
immemorial antiquity4 ,! second 0       
introduc$ by ! ,great ,rebellion4 ,!    
?ird & f\r? came 9 ) ! w>s att5dant ^u !
 accession ( ,william & ,m>y4  ,( ^!    
diff]5t =ms x may be said1 t ! second is
 mo/ obnoxi\s to ! p1 & ! ?ird mo/      
unequal4 ,we %\ld add1 p]haps1 to ?is   
li/ ! l& tax1 :i*1 f\nd$ on ! new       
assessm5t made by ,william1 became f ?is
 "t a regul> s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,9 ?is     
p]iod1 we see1 0 laid ! f\ndation ( !   
:ole sy/em ( taxation n[ 9 use 9 ?is    
c\ntry & 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! hundr$    
ye>s t foll[$ produc$ no new species (  
tax4 ,! five =ms :i* we h m5tion$1      
h[ev]1 7 dilig5tly cultivat$4 ,9 ! n9e  
ye>s :i* imm$iately foll[$ ! accession (
 ,william & ,m>y1 ab\t =ty di/9ct acts (
 taxation 7 pass$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,/ill x 
0 impossible = a nation c\nt+ less ?an  

six million inhabitants to pay ! exp5ses
 ( a va/ & protract$ w> by imm$iate     
taxation4 ,9 #afig a debt exi/$ ( ab\t  
"o hundr$ million doll>s4 ,?is is !     
f\ndation ( t national debt :i*1 )      
trifl+ exceptions1 has be5 con/antly    
increas+ = m ?an two c5turies1 & :i* n[ 
occupies a position ( influ5ce n second 
to t ( ! ?rone itself4 ,! importance ( !
 ,bank increas$ ) ! gr[? ( ! debt1 & !  
effects ( _! comb9$ influ5ce appe>$ on e
 h&4 ,!y 7 ! national pl$ges = !        
/ability ( ! ,gov]nm5t4  ,e fre% rumor (
 prep>ation on ! "p ( ! exil$ ,/u>ts to 
ent] ,engl&1 fill$ ! p ) al>m = ! safety
 ( ! ,bank4 ,& :51 9 #agde1 ,*>les      
,edw>d l&$ 9 ,scotl&1 & made 8 romantic 
advance into ! k+dom1 an enorm\s run 0  
begun on ! ,bank4 ,x 0 prev5t$ f do+ h>m
 only by ! patriotism ( ! ,london       
m]*ants4 ,9 ?is brief rebellion ! p     
realiz$ ! important f9ancial int]e/ :i* 
ea* citiz5 _h acquir$ 9 ! p]man5cy ( !  
exi/+ ,gov]nm5t & ! /ability ( ! reign+ 
h\se4  ,at fir/ ,p>liam5t _h proce$$ 9 !

 imposition ( its taxes on ! pr9ciple t 
a tax1 to be equitable & easy1 %\ld be  
di/ribut$ ov] a great v>iety ( articles4
 ,x 0 argu$ t a man w\ld pay a small    
duty on a l>ge numb] ( ?+s ) less       
inconv5i5ce & consci\sness ( burd5 ?an  
if ! same tax 0 levi$ ^u a few prom95t  
articles4 ,! pett9ess ( ! tax w\ld keep 
him 9 a k9d ( deception z to ! total    
am\nt he 0 pay+1 :i* n ev5 ! frequ5cy ) 
:i* he 0 call$ ^u to pay x w\ld entirely
 remove4 ,?is !ory1 toge!r ) a condition
 ( /ate 9 :i* ! wants ( ,gov]nm5t 7     
con/antly increas+1 produc$1 9 ! "t (   
,william & ,m>y1 a con/ant              
multiplication ( petty taxes4 ,9 ! e>ly 
"p ( ! foll[+ reign _m ( ^! 7           
consolidat$ 9 sep>ate funds1 :i* 7      
designat$ to pay specific p>ts ( !      
national debt4  ,b ! numb] ( articles   
subject to taxation 0 n r$uc$4 ,!       
re/lessness ( ! p "u ! num]\s exactions 
( ! excise soon1 h[ev]1 sugge/$ !       
necessity ( a *ange4 ,gov]nm5t n[ pass$ 
to "o ( ^? extremes :i* 7 only too      

common 9 an age :5 political economy _h 
n yet ris5 into a sci5ce1 & legislation 
0 only an art ( %ifts & exp$i5ts4 ,9    
#agcf a tax ( five doll>s ^u ! gallon 0 
impos$ on all ,engli%-made spirits1 ) a 
correspond+ protective t>iff on ^? (    
=eign manufacture4 ,! result ( ?is      
extraord9>y tax prov$ ! folly ( its     
orig9ators4 ,x fail$ z a s\rce ( rev5ue1
 &1 s f> f remov+ ^! articles beyond !  
rea* ( ! poor1 :i* _h be5 "o ( ! designs
 ( ! bill1 x 0 e/imat$ t ! bus9ess (    
smuggl+ 0 s /imulat$ by ! enorm\s b\nty 
(f]$ ^u its labors1 t ! am\nt ( spirits 
consum$ 9 ! k+dom dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ?is  
tax 0 n s5sibly dim9i%$4 ,aft] a %ort   
trial ! tax 0 remov$4  ,! "w ( r$uc+ !  
li/ ( excisable articles 0 nev]!less    
begun1 & f ?is "t x w5t sl[ly1 &1 except
 z int]rupt$ by extraord9>y dem&s ^u !  
/ate1 /eadily =w>d4 ,/amps1 h[ev]1 7    
gov]n$ by a diff]5t law4 ,its           
in(f5siv5ess1 ! economy ( its mode (    
collection1 toge!r ) its ready          
availability1 caus$ ?is species ( tax to

 be br\ght into m & m ext5sive use4 ,9  
fact1 a con/ant increase ( taxation 9 "s
 =m _h become necess>y 9 ord] to meet ! 
increas+ exp5ses ( ! /ate4 ,aft] ! close
 ( ! w> 9 #afig1 /rong ef=ts 7 made to  
pay (f ! national debt1 ! ris+ greatness
 ( :i* fill$ all classes ) al>m4 ,no    
correspond+ ef=ts s9ce h be5 rew>d$ )   
simil> results4 ,9 ! brief p]iod ( peace
 t foll[$1 ! national debt 0 r$uc$ "o   
fif?4 ,f\r exp5sive w>s1 foll[+ ea* o!r 
9 rapid succession1 ov]:elm$ ! petty    
labors ( ! s9k+ fund1 put an end to ! "w
 ( dim9ution1 & left ! nation1 at !     
beg9n+ ( ! w> ) h] colonies 9 ?is       
c\ntry1 oppress$ ) a debt (             
#fjj1jjj1jjj4 ,x came out f ?is /ruggle 
) #ejj1jjj1jjj add$ to ! burd5 ( ! /ate4
 ,?is po9t ( "t may be fix$ z ! close ( 
! second epo*4 ,a new class ( *anges n[ 
beg91 :i* h _h1 if possible1 a great]   
influ5ce on ! f9ancial condition (      
,engl&1 z x exi/s at ! pres5t1 ?an ^? we
 h already describ$4  ,9 #agic1 not)/&+ 
its enorm\s debt1 ! c\ntry boldly ent]$ 

^u its great conflict ) ,france4 ,x is  
impossible to look )\t admiration ^u !  
ob/9ate en]gy display$ by ! ,engli%     
nation dur+ ?is conflict1 :i* la/$1 )   
slight int]missions1 = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1
 & by :i* ! annual tax 0 quadrupl$1 & ! 
national debt increas$ beyond a *ance ( 
f9al ext9ction4 ,9 ! a/oni%+ revolution 
:i* x wr\ght 9 ! f9ancial condition ( ! 
/ate1 z well z 9 mu* ( ! social ph5om5a 
) :i* x 0 accompani$1 ?is conflict      
/rongly resembles t 9 :i* ! ,/ates ( !  
,nor? are engag$ aga9/ ! ,s\?4 ,! fir/  
effects ( ! w> appe>$ 9 ! tax sy/em4    
,great *anges _h tak5 place 9 ,great    
,brita9 s9ce ! "t ( ! introduction ( a  
regul> sy/em ( taxation 9 #afhh4 ,l& 0  
no long] ! mo/ important s\rce ( income 
to ! citiz54 ,pr(its f o!r s\rces _h    
sprung up4 ,comm]ce _h discov]$ ! ri*es 
( ! ,ea/]n trade1 & manufactures1       
/imulat$ by new inv5tions1 _h begun to  
assume an importance & ex]t an influ5ce 
:i* already ?reat5$ to revolutionize !  
:ole condition ( society4 ,unconsci\sly 

to itself1 ! nation _h rea*$ a po9t :]e 
any l>ge increase 9 ! dem&s ( ! /ate mu/
 produce a new species ( taxation4 ,! w>
 ) ,france suppli$ ! impulse requir$4 ,9
 #agig1 ,gov]nm5t attempt$ to meet !    
extraord9>y exp5ses ( ! ye> by tripl+ ! 
tax on h\ses & w9d[s1 etc4 ,! exp]im5t  
fail$4 ,x 0 f\nd t ^! taxes1 :i* _h be5 
! 't[]s ( /r5g?' ( a prec$+ g5]ation1   
c\ld no long] be reli$ on 9 ! *ang$     
circum/ances t _h be5 br\ght ab\t by "t4
  ,x 0 9 _m respects "o ( ! d>ke/ p]iods
 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,! ,au/rian armies1  
exhau/$ by repeat$ defeats1 hop$ only to
 be able to def5d !mselves if attack$4  
,spa9 & ! ,ne!rl&s _h jo9$ !mselves to  
,france4 ,aga9/ ! p[] ( ,napoleon ,engl&
 /ood up alone4 ,at ?is critical        
juncture1 a mut9y broke out 9 ! ,engli% 
navy4 ,! :ole fleet 9 ! *annel refus$ to
 d duty4 ,! fleet at ! ,nore1 cat*+ ! _s
 ( revolt1 also rais$ ! r$ flag4 ,!     
doctr9es ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution 7        
s$ul\sly scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 & 9   
sev]al c\nties ( ,irel& actual upris+s  

_h tak5 place4 ,add$ to ^! 7 f9ancial   
difficulties4 ,! enorm\s outlays dem&$ =
 ! prosecution ( ! w> 7 v naturally     
weak5+ ! public confid5ce 9 ! f9al      
ability ( ! ,gov]nm5t to pay !          
extravagant sums x 0 oblig$ to borr[4   
,"u ! influ5ce ( ! di/ru/ ?us eng5d]$   
/ocks fell4 ,?ree p] c5ts41 :i* _h sold 
at #ih1 w5t d[n to #ec4 ,_m ( ! loans   
effect$ by ! ,gov]nm5t at ?is "t & dur+ 
! w> 7 made ) a disc\nt ( =ty p] c5t4 on
 ! nom9al value ( ! /ock4 ,gold 0 sc>ce1
 & rapidly ris+4 ,! pressure on ! ,bank 
= r$emption 0 great] ?an x _h be5 s9ce !
 rebellion ( #agde1 & ?reat5$1 unless   
corrective measures 7 at once adopt$1 to
 br+ t in/itution to actual bankruptcy4 
,! undaunt$ c\rage & resolution ( !     
,gov]nm5t1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is accumulation (
 difficulties1 sav$ ! c\ntry4 ,! writ ( 
habeas corpus 0 susp5d$4 ,by an         
admirable m+l+ ( firmness & conciliation
 ! mut9y 0 quell$ 9 ! navy )\t s]i\s    
consequ5ces result+ to ! /ate4 ,to meet 
! f9ancial difficulties1 an act 0 pass$ 

by ,p>liam5t p]mitt+ ! ,bank to susp5d  
specie paym5t--?us deliv]+ ! c\ntry1 = a
 p]iod ( m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 ov] to a     
:olly inconv]tible pap] curr5cy4 ,f ^!  
/rong measures ! enemies ( ! c\ntry     
anticipat$ ! mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,!y  
71 h[ev]1 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,ev5   
,napoleon at l5g? grew we>y ( prophesy+ 
! bankruptcy ( a nation :i* e ye>1 f ?is
 "t1 gave m & m effective pro(s ( !     
/ability ( its f9ances4 ,x 0 ! s+ul>    
=tune ( ,great ,brita9 to h at ! head ( 
its f9ances1 at ?is juncture1 a man1 :o 
9 a diff]5t sph]e1 exhibit$ a _s sc>cely
 less bold1 indomitable1 & compreh5sive 
?an t ( ! ,fir/ ,consul himself4 ,?is   
man 0 ,mr4 ,pitt4 ,! f9ances ( ,great   
,brita91 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 be>       
witness to ! extraord9>y *anges in/itut$
 by ?is /atesman4 ,! tax on h\ses1      
w9d[s1 etc41 _h fail$4 ,9 #agih1 ,mr4   
,pitt1 ) a *>act]i/ic f]tility (        
inv5tion1 br\ght =w>d a bill lay+ a tax 
on incomes4 ,by ?is bill1 :i* is !      
f\ndation ( all ^? t h s9ce foll[$1 no  

tax 0 impos$ on incomes t 7 less ?an    
#cjj2 on incomes above ?is sum a small  
tax 0 laid1 :i* gradually increas$ until
 x became "o t5? ( all incomes ov]      
#a1jjj4 ,! income tax 0 design$ by ,mr4 
,pitt to be simply a w> tax4 ,accord+ to
 8 plan ! int]e/ ^u ! national debt1 :i*
 he kept fund$ z f> z possible1 0 to be 
provid$ = solely f ! indirect taxes1    
leav+ ! direct tax to meet ! extraord9>y
 exp5ses ( ! w>4 ,! mo/ orig9al feature 
( ! f9ancial sy/em in/itut$ by ?is      
/atesman1 h[ev]1 0 ! s9k+ fund4 ,to     
prev5t ! rapid accumulation ( ! national
 debt1 ,mr4 ,pitt1 ev5 be=e ! break+ out
 ( ! w> ) ,france1 _h obta9$ f ,p>liam5t
 p]mission to set aside six million     
doll>s1 ) an addition1 aft]w>d made1 (  
"o p] c5t4 ( all ! loans made by        
,gov]nm5t1 z a fund to be exp5d$ 9 !    
pur*ase ( ,gov]nm5t /ock4 ,! rapid gr[? 
( ?is fund f ! con/ant comp\nd+ ( int]e/
 w\ld1 he decl>$1 be suffici5t1         
ultimately1 to consume ! entire debt ( !
 /ate4 ,! result seem$ to ju/ify 8      

pr$iction4 ,con/antly 9 ! m>ket1 ! s9k+ 
fund sav$ ! /ate1 by its timely pur*ases
 _m times dur+ ! w>1 f ! disa/r\s       
depreciation to :i* ! public /ock 0     
liable at e unfavorable turn ( !        
conflict4 ,9 #ahae1 s enorm\s _h be5 !  
f9ancial transactions ( ! /ate t ?is    
fund am\nt$ to ab\t #ge1jjj1jjj4  ,9    
#ahjb ! income tax 0 discont9u$2 &1 9 ! 
foll[+ ye>1 0 r5ew$ "u ! "n ( ! prop]ty 
tax4 ,! exp5ses ( ! /ate cont9u$ to     
rise1 & x became necess>y t ?is tax %\ld
 be l>gely increas$4 ,dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s
 ( ! w> ! prop]ty tax requir$ t5 p] c5t4
 ( all ! incomes ( ! k+dom--) a few     
exceptions--to be paid into ! national  
treasury e ye>4 ,nev] be=e _h su* a     
burd5 be5 laid on ,engli%m54 ,all       
classes groan$ "u ! exactions ( a tax e 
p5ny ( :i* !y 7 made consci\s ( by      
direct collection4 ,9 comp>ison ) !     
prop]ty tax all o!r burd5s seem$ easy4  
,x is n[ cle>1 h[ev]1 t ! nation c\ld   
nev] h pass$ successfully ?r\gh ! great 
/ruggle 9 :i* x 0 engag$ )\t ! assi/ance

 ( ! tax ^u incomes4 ,x /ood next 9 ord]
 ( productiv5ess to ! excise4 ,9 ! ye>  
#ahae ! prop]ty tax produc$ sev5ty-five 
millions ( doll>s4 ,/ill ! p rememb]$ ) 
pleasure t ! ^w ( ,p>liam5t _h be5 giv5 
t x %\ld n cont9ue long] ?an ! return ( 
peace4 ,! "t 0 eag]ly look$ =w>d to :5 t
 promise %\ld be r$eem$4 ,e>ly 9 #ahaf !
 "q ( ! cont9uance ( ! tax came up be=e 
,p>liam5t4 ,a /rong p>ty1 impress$ ) !  
importance ( dim9i%+ ! national debt1   
advocat$ its cont9uance4 ,e night1 = two
 mon?s1 ! subject 0 anxi\sly discuss$4  
,! motion = its abolition 0 at la/      
c>ri$4 ,! va/ cr[d :i* _h assembl$ )\t !
 ,p>liam5t ,h\se to await ! result1     
caught ! s\nd ( *e]+ 9 ! *amb]1 &1      
receiv+ x z a signal ( success1 r5t !   
air ) %\ts ( joy4 ,! en?usiasm spread ) 
! news4 ,bells 7 rung z = a great       
victory1 & bonfires 9 all p>ts ( ! k+dom
 proclaim$ ! joy ( ! nation at its      
release f :at 0 reg>d$ ! moat oppressive
 burd5 ( ! w>4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s lat] !  
income tax 0 aga9 reviv$4  ,! national  

debt at ! close ( ! w> ) ,france am\nt$ 
to a little m ?an #dbd1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,(  
?is1 #cjj1jjj1jjj1jjj _h be5 add$ by !  
w>4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ! conte/ ! annual
 exp5ditures ( ! /ate 7 #ehe1jjj1jjj4 ,!
 population ( ! isl& 0 at ?is "t        
#ac1djj1jjj1 f :i* #cfj1jjj1jjj 0       
annually collect$ 9 taxes4 ,x is        
important to notice ! condition ( ! p   
dur+ ?is epo*4 ,= ne>ly tw5ty ye>s !    
c\ntry _h be5 "u ! uncontroll$ influ5ce 
( a pap] curr5cy4 ,x _h be5 a p]iod (   
rem>kable prosp]ity1 c\pl$ ) unp>allel$ 
*anges4 ,& "h we f9d _m po9ts (         
resemblance ) ! pres5t condition ( our  
own c\ntry4 ,! rapidly exp&+ curr5cy1 ! 
enorm\s dem&s ( ! w>1 & ! _s (          
speculation eng5d]$ by ! %>p alt]nations
 ( hope & fe>1 & ! extraord9>y          
fluctuations ( ! m>kets _h /imulat$ 9 e 
bran* ( bus9ess a pret]natural activity4
 ,manufactures1 :i* ! beg9n+ ( ! w> _h  
f\nd j ris+ into prom95ce1 rapidly      
develop$ 9 an age ( f9ancial pr(usion4  
,no su* progress _h ev] be5 made 9 a    

correspond+ p]iod4 ,exports 7 d\bl$4 ,! 
%ipp+ rose f "o to two & a half million 
tons4 ,! :ole nation exhibit$ ! s+ul>   
spectacle ( a c\ntry con/antly advanc+ 9
 weal? & prosp]ity 9 ! mid/ ( "o ( ! mo/
 exhau/ive w>s t ! _w has ev] se54  ,to 
?is1 h[ev]1 !re 0 app>5tly1 at lea/1 "o 
exception4 ,prices rose /eadily f !     
beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,?is 0 true n m]ely (    
unimportant articles1 or ^? :i*1 by !   
ex]cise ( a m sev]e economy1 c\ld be 9  
"p disp5s$ )4 ,! co/ ( ! necess>ies (   
life d\bl$4 ,:eat rose f =ty-n9e %ill+s 
p] qu>t] 9 #agig to "o hundr$ & =ty     
%ill+s 9 #ahac2 :ile ! beef :i* 0 sold 9
 ,smi?field m>ket1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1  
at ?ree %ill+s p] /one1 con/antly       
advanc$ 9 price1 until ! same quantity 9
 #ahad c\ld only be b\ght = six %ill+s4 
,malt1 coal1 wages--ev]y?+ rose         
proportionately4 ,few que/ions h be5 !  
subject ( m discussion ?an ! cause ( ?is
 rem>kable rise ( prices4 ,two div]se   
explanations h be5 giv51 ea* put =? by  
m5 ^: habits ( ?\ght & opportunities =  

obs]vation qualify !m to speak on !     
subject ) au?ority4 ,"o l>ge p>ty       
attribute ! rise ( prices t took place  
at ?is p]iod1 entirely to ! influ5ce ( !
 susp5sion ( specie paym5t by ! ,bank1  
:i*1 z !y say1 flood$ ! c\ntry ) an     
inflat$ & depreciat$ pap] curr5cy1 & ?us
 necessitat$ a correspond+ rise 9 !     
price ( ! articles giv5 9 ex*ange = x4  
,s /rongly does ?is reason+ comm5d      
itself to ! m9ds ( ^? famili> ) ! fir/  
pr9ciples ( political economy1 t x has  
be5 v g5]ally accept$4 ,& x is wor?y (  
notice t ^! are almo/ ! only argum5ts   
:i* c be he>d 9 explanation ( ! simil>  
rise ( prices n[ go+ on 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a
 m subtile b v important class (        
influ5ces 7 br\ght to notice by ano!r   
p>ty1 "u ! able lead]%ip ( ,mr4 ,tooke4 
,by ^! ! rise ( prices is1 to a l>ge    
degree1 attribut$ to ! excit$ _s (      
speculation produc$ by ! w>1 :i*1 z !y  
%[1 twice dur+ ?is p]iod br\ght ! c\ntry
 to ! br9k ( ru94 ,9 favor ( ?is        
explanation x may be fur!r said t ! fall

 ( prices began imm$iately on ! close ( 
! w>1 & at no "t 0 great] ?an 9 #ahag1  
two ye>s be=e ! resumption ( specie     
paym5t by ! ,bank4 ,9 #ahai ! ,bank (   
,engl& resum$ ! paym5t ( specie4 ,gold1 
:i* _h be5 at "o "t at a premium (      
tw5ty-five p] c5t41 n[ fell rapidly1 & 9
 #ahba 0 aga9 at p>4  ,x is difficult to
 say :i* has ex]t$ ! l>ge/ influ5ce on !
 f9ances ( ,great ,brita9--! ,revolution
 ( #afhh1 or ! w>s ) ,france 9 ! beg9n+ 
( ?is c5tury4 ,! fir/ gave to ,engl& its
 sy/em ( taxation1 b ! la/ develop$ !   
capabilities ( t sy/em1 & adapt$ x to ! 
wants ( a gr[+ & comm]cial p4  ,! nation
 came out ( its long conflict ) taxes   
press+ ^u ne>ly e important bran* (     
indu/ry4 ,9 ! sixte5 ye>s t foll[$ ! w> 
) ,france1 taxes to ! am\nt ( ne>ly     
#bjj1jjj1jjj1 7 tak5 (f f ! c\ntry4 ,^! 
*anges gave opportunities = _m important
 re=ms4 ,:ile ! national debt 0 sl[ly   
r$uc$1 ! tax sy/em und]w5t great *anges4
 ,_m taxes :i* _h *eck$ ! gr[? (        
important bran*es ( bus9ess 7 entirely  

remov$4 ,ef=ts 7 made to r$uce ! excise1
 :i* 0 always an unpopul> =m ( taxation4
 ,9 c>ry+ =w>d ^! *anges1 x 0 f\nd t "o 
really productive tax might be made to  
take ! place ( a l>ge numb] ( small     
duties :i* press$ ) peculi> sev]ity ^u !
 p4 ,gov]nm5t n[ turn$ long+ly to t     
'spl5did s\rce ( rev5ue1' z x 0 aptly   
call$1 :i* x _h s reluctantly rel9qui%$ 
9 #ahaf4 ,9 #ahdb1 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel    
sudd5ly br\ght =w>d a plan = a new tax  
^u incomes4 ,x 0 at once adopt$4 ,?is   
income tax diff]$1 h[ev]1 9 _m important
 p>ticul>s1 f ! "o :i* ! ,gov]nm5t _h   
be5 compell$ to make use ( 9 ! w>s )    
,france4 ,by x incomes "u #gej 7 exempt4
 ,a discrim9ation ( v great importance 0
 also made1 :i* has be5 ! occasion s9ce 
= mu* ref9$ discussion1 & is f\nd$ 9    
s\nd reason1 b :i* has hi!rto be5 :olly 
ov]look$ 9 ! legislation 9 ?is c\ntry4  
,a discrim9ation 0 made betwe5 sal>ies &
 ! incomes divid$ f realiz$ capital4    
,taxable incomes1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( a 
sal>y1 & ^u :i* a tax w\ld h ! "* ( a   

duty on capital1 7 requir$ by !         
provisions ( ?is new act to pay only "o 
half z mu* z ^? incomes :i* arose f1 &  
w\ld be !re=e add$ to1 weal? already    
acquir$4  ,! income1 or prop]ty tax1 z x
 is n[ call$1 completes ! sy/em (       
taxation :i* is n[ reli$ ^u to supply ! 
v>y+ b always enorm\s wants ( ,great    
,brita94 ,?r\gh ^! v>i\s s\rces dur+ !  
pa/ ye> ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t has collect$
 an income ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty million
 doll>s--ab\t ! same x obta9$ ?r\gh !   
same *annels f a population ( ?irte5    
million inhabitants 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( !  
w> ) ,napoleon4 ,) ! same sy/em (       
taxation1 our own ,gov]nm5t has1 dur+ ! 
pa/ ye>1 obta9$ an income ( "o hundr$ & 
elev5 million doll>s4 ,if we exam9e     
p>ticul>ly ! s\rces ( ! ,engli% rev5ue  
at ^! two epo*s1 & comp>e !m ) !        
correspond+ bran*es ( taxation ) u1 we  
f9d t 9 ! ye> clos+ 9 #ahae1 ! receipts 
f cu/oms am\nt$ to ab\t fifty-six       
million doll>s--a sum1 x w be notic$1   
consid]ably less ?an t drawn f ! same   

s\rce 9 ?is c\ntry = ! pa/ ye>1 b only  
ab\t half ! am\nt d]iv$ f cu/oms 9      
,great ,brita9 9 ! ye> end+ ,septemb]1  
#ahfc4 ,f ! prop]ty tax 0 obta9$ ab\t   
sev5ty-five million doll>s--! modifi$ =m
 ( ?is tax n[ 9 use 9 ,great ,brita9    
produces ab\t fifty million doll>s p]   
annum4 ,ei!r ( ^! sums is probably mu*  
l>g] ?an x w\ld be advisable to attempt 
to produce by a direct tax 9 ?is c\ntry4
 ,/amps1 9 #ahae1 yield$ an income (    
?irty million doll>s4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye>   
?is simple & productive s\rce ( rev5ue  
produc$ 9 ,great ,brita9 =ty-five       
million doll>s4 ,x seems probable t ?is 
species ( tax might be ext5d$ 9 ?is     
c\ntry mu* f>!r ?an x n[ is1 )\t        
oppression to ! p1 & ) a h&some increase
 ( ! rev5ue4  ,b ! excise has ev] be5 ! 
mo/ productive f\nta9 ( rev5ue 9 ,great 
,brita94 ,! income f ?is tax 9 t c\ntry1
 dur+ ! ye> end+ ,septemb]1 #ahfc1 0    
eighty-f\r million doll>s4 ,9 ! ye>     
#ahae1 :51 on acc\nt ( ! small]         
population1 ! o!r s\rces ( rev5ue 7 less

 productive ?an at ! pres5t day1 !      
excise yield$ an income ( n less ?an a  
hundr$ & ?irty-five million doll>s4 ,x  
is wor?y ( notice t1 ( ?is income1 ! tax
 ^u ! v>i\s =ms ( spiritu\s liquors     
suppli$ a l>ge elem5t4 ,engli% spirits1 
:i*1 9 ! exp]im5t ( #agcf1 x _h be5 f\nd
 c\ld n c>ry a tax ( five doll>s p]     
gallon1 x 0 n[ f\nd easily bore ! m     
mod]ate b /ill l>ge tax ( t5 %ill+s     
sixp5ce /]l+4 ,aside f ?is tax 0 ! duty 
on be]1 cid]1 & malt1 ! la/ ( :i* alone 
yield$ an income ( ?irte5 million doll>s
 annually4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,we h l+]$ on ^! details1  
:i* to _m w be dry & un9t]e/+1 because  
!y supply a k9d ( guide to ! *anges :i* 
mu/ ultimately take place 9 ! tax laws (
 ?is c\ntry1 & because1 fur!r1 !y furni%
 an answ] to all ^? objections :i*      
p]iodically di/urb ! m9ds ( ! timid &   
d\btfully patriotic 9 our mid/4 ,b ^!   
lessons we mu/ leave ! read] to extract 
= himself4 ,we close simply ) say+ t1   
:ile excessive & undiscrim9at+ taxation 

is always a curse1 yet taxation1 prop]ly
 impos$1 al?\gh sev]e & long cont9u$1   
may be f> f disadvantage\s4 ,we h se5 ! 
,engli% p sl[ly aris+1 ?r\gh two        
c5turies1 f a nation comp>atively free f
 taxation & )\t a national debt1 to "o  
be>+ an annual tax ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty
 million doll>s1 & hold+ absorb$ 9 its  
mid/ a national debt ( ne>ly f\r ?\s&   
million doll>s4 ,we h se5 x dur+ ?is    
p]iod con/antly advanc+ 9 prosp]ity &   
greatness--! national debt add+ /ability
 to ! ,gov]nm5t1 & taxation giv+ caution
 & /ability to ! transactions ( private 
life4     ,,aphorisms4  ,,no4 ,i4   ,"o 
( ! mo/ sublime ( all facts b5ea? t ( ! 
,div9e ,be+1 appe>s 9 ! exi/5ce ( an    
immortal s\l4 ,!re x /&s--once = all1   
once =ev]4 ,! e>? might be wa/$ away1 at
 ! rate ( a s+le gra9 9 a c5tury1 )\t   
pass+ ! v infancy ( our _s's life4 ,h[  
insignificant1 9 ! comp>ison1 a _w l our
 own1 9 all its temporal aspects4 ,:at !
 future duration ( ! e>? may be1 we h no
 means ( kn[+2 b if less ?an endless1 x 

is ( little mom5t 9 ! pres5ce ( ! lea/  
capaci\s human s\l4     ,,! ,,love      
,,lucif]4   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,i f9d myself
 writ+ ^u matt]s connect$1 at lea/1 )1  
religion1 ) ! ?\ght ( say+ some?+       
useful--( pres5t+ a valuable exp]i5ce1  
if n a valuable cong]ies ( new ideas4   
,mo/ read]s deeply int]e/$ 9 religion   
are1 by ?is "t1 dem&+ t ,i %[ my        
colors--pres5t my cre$2 o!rwise !y w %ut
 !mselves up f my influ5ce4 ,z ,i write1
 *ur* bells are r++4 ,i "k t _m ( ^? :o 
n[ assemble to hang ) a dea?ly solemnity
 ^u ! lips ( prea*]s--:ile dea?1 hell1  
heav51 et]nity1 atonem5t are ! !mes--w  
say3 ',he treats lightly ! mo/ s]i\s    
matt]s3 he treads ) danc+ pumps on holy 
gr\nd4' ,n[ ,i claim to be1 above all   
?+s1 an e>ne/1 solemn p]son4 ,yet d ,i  
v]ily believe t !re is a humor\s side to
 all subjects1 t is n ignor$ by ev5 !   
l(tie/ be+s2 & t1 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 x  
may be said ( all well-balanc$ p]sons1 z
 a philosoph] has said ( *ildr53        
',because !y are 9 innoc5ce1 !re=e !y   

are 9 peace2 & because !y are 9 peace1  
!re=e all ?+s are ) !m full ( mir?4' ,x 
mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t if ! 'or?odox' 
cre$ is :olly correct1 we f9d 9 !       
,puritans & _! exi/+ imitators ! only   
consi/5t ,*ri/ians4 ,9 view ( !         
inevitable damnation ( a majority ( !   
race1 !y set _! faces aga9/ all mir?2   
w\ld eat no pleasant bread1 & we> no    
beautiful raim5t4 ,i foll[$ !m to !     
lett]1 till1 ! 'nak$ eye' n be+ :olly   
bl9d$1 nor ! e> deaf5$ by !ologic d91 ,i
 saw t nature1 9 all h] guises & voices1
 0 firmly oppos$ to all su* gloomy      
dogmas4  ,9 a ^w1 !n1 z to cre$1 ,i f9d 
no satisfactory plat=m save t ( !       
broade/ eclecticism4 ,! motto ( ! old   
,greek1 ',"k t good is 9 all1' is m9e4  
,i am aw>e t ! dang] accru+ f ?is /yle (
 cre$ is1 t "o (t5 gets1 9 ! ef=t at    
imp>tiality1 into ! me%es ( pan!ism2 &  
!n y\r li/ ( gods _m & lords _m         
comprises all ! *ief div9ities1 f ,brahm
 & ,buddh to ,?or2 y prid+ y\rself !    
:ile ^u ! consid]ation %[n = 'local     

prejudices' by y\r n putt+ ,*ri/ at !   
end ( ! li/4 ,b1 aft] life-long         
inve/igation1 ,i am n a%am$ to say1 9 ! 
words1 ?\gh n 9 ! _s ( ,emp]or ,julian1 
',galilean1 ?\ ha/ conqu]$2' ) ,augu/9e1
 ',let my s\l calm itself 9 ,!e2 ,i say1
 let ! great sea ( my s\l1 t swelle? )  
waves1 calm itself 9 ,!e2' ) ,de ,/al1  
',inconcevable nigme de la vie2 que la  
passion1 ni la d\leur1 ni le gnie ne    
peuv5t dc\vrir1 v\s revel]ez-v\s  la    
prire2' ) practical ,napoleon1 ',i "k   
m51 & ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n a man2' ) a      
,*evali] ,buns5 & a ,bee*]1 ',jesus     
,*ri/ is my ,god1 )\t any ifs or buts4' 
,i c ass5t m decid$ly ?an does          
,teuflesdrck1 9 ! ',ev]la/+ ,nay1' to ! 
doctr9e ( reg5]ation4 ,i n>r[ ! :ole    
matt] d[n to ^! pla9 facts3 ,( all      
religions1 ,*ri/ianity is be/ calculat$ 
to elevate man's nature2 & ( all        
,*ri/ians1 !y rea* ! highe/ spiritual   
condition :o reg>d ,*ri/ z utt]ly div9e4
  ,on ?is o!r matt] t ent]s s l>gely    
into my n>rative--! conjugality (       

disembodi$ spirits--,i _c =be> "s fur!r 
disc\rse be=e proce$+ hi/orically4 ,!   
absurd idea is /ill preval5t t !re is no
 sex 9 heav54 ,^? :o reta9 ?is notion1  
despite ! revelations ( sci5ce conc]n+ !
 univ]sality ( sex ?r\gh\t creation1 _c 
reason v c&idly4 ,:5 we f9d 9 ! e>?     
positives b no negatives1 light b no    
heat1 /r5g? b no beauty1 action b no    
passivity1 wisdom b no love1            
intellection b no intuition1 reflection 
b no p]ception1 sci5ce b no religion1   
!n1 at la/1 may we expect to see 9 !    
heav5s m5 b no wom54  ,take ! conjugal  
elem5t f human creatures1 & y h ,hamlet 
)\t ! gho/4 ,except+1 p]haps1 !         
religi\s1 x is ! mo/ p[]ful1 prom95t1   
exact+ "p ( our nature4 ,9 'man's       
unreg5]ate /ate1' at lea/1 ! love /ory  
is ! mo/ int]e/+ book1 m>riage ! mo/    
int]e/+ c]emony1 true lov]s' dalliance !
 mo/ int]e/+ sight4 ,= ! belov$1 "o     
rel9qui%es all else--p]=ms ! greate/    
prodigies4 ,m>riage is ! subject mo/    
?\ght (1 mo/ talk$ ab\t4 ,ar\nd x clu/] 

all ! o!r ev5ts ( life4 ,rejoice1 !n1 ,o
 'romantic' y\? & maid51 n[ 9 ! days (  
?y y\?2 = ?is flitt+ romance--s soon    
int]rupt$ by c>e & grief1 by %op & kit*5
 & nurs]y1 by but*]1 bak]1 tailor1      
mill9]1 & cordwa9]--is ab\t ! mo/ g5u9e 
exp]i5ce y w h 9 ?is _w4 ,!re=e1 say ,i1
 cultivate romance4 ,dev\r a goodly     
numb] ( ! heal?i] novels4 ,weep & laugh 
ov] !m--believ+ e ^w4 ,amadis de ,gaul1 
ev51 is a bett] model ?an ,gradgr9d4    
,adore ea* ! o!r sex--positively wor%ip6
 ,bo? are wor%ipful 79 ! 'ab/ract'74    
,:at heal?y-m9d$ p]son loves n to behold
 ! eye-sp>kle ( pure admiration betwe5  
"y man & maid8 ',!y wor%ip1 truly1 !y "k
 n :at4' ,9 b[+ d[n to _! ideal1 !y b[  
to ! real human--! purifi$ man or woman 
( ! bett] l&4 ,! recluse is ev] ! true  
prophet & se]1 9 ?is z 9 /ill high]     
matt]s4 ,y\r mode/-ey$ /ud5t1 /eal+     
glances ( unfeign$ admiration at ord9>y 
maid5s1 is n su* a simpleton z "s       
suppose4 ,8 seclusion has cle>$ 8       
vision4 ,he sees on ?r\gh ! eons--sees  

?+s z !y w or may be--reg>ds ! objects (
 8 adoration z he w 9 ! angelhood4 ,:y w
 s _m decry ?is admiration8--:5 !y see  
t1 n till ! y\? passes ! purely romantic
 age--f\rte5 to sixte5 or eighte5--&    
beg9s to h commonplace ?\ghts ( ! o!r   
sex1 does mis*ief arise4  ,! idea (     
et]nal conjugality %\ld light5 all faces
 ) hope1 & %\ld h a mo/ cons]vative     
influ5ce 9 society4 ,^? :o are n v well 
mat*$1 & yet are consci\s t ! v highe/  
e>?ly bliss comes ( a "r mat+1 are n    
cont5t to pass ?r\gh ?is life )\t enjoy+
 ?is bliss1 if !y suppose t x app]ta9s  
solely to e>?4 ,s1 _m ( !m break b\nds &
 bonds4 ,let ^! b accept ! idea t       
conjugality is "o ( ! *ief features ( ! 
heav5ly life1 & !y c settle d[n /eadily 
to ! app>5t duties ( ?is sph]e1 cont5t )
 'peace on e>?1' s9ce n[ !y feel sure ( 
rapture 9 heav5--a rapture1 too1 m9d y1 
( a k9d ) :i* !y are some:at acqua9t$4  
,x is all v well to anticipate ! fact   
:i* 'eye ha? n se51' etc4 ,b m5 ne$ !   
prospect ( an et]nal joy !y "k (1 z mu* 

z !y ne$$ t awe-inspir+ ,jehovah %\ld   
outwork 9 love-inspir+ ,*ri/4 ,9 view ( 
?is1 among o!r joys set be=e him1 !     
extra-e>ne/ work]1 9 public or private1 
c m easily deprive himself ( t am\nt (  
social int]c\rse ) ! o!r sex :i* he     
craves4 ,su* c suffice !mselves )       
occasional glances ( ! complem5t>y      
portion ( mank9d2 & z !y hurri$ly pass  
s]aphic faces 9 ! /reet1 !y wave ! h& ( 
! _s aft] !m1 say+3 ',i pri!e1 ,o ?\    
wond]1 art human or no8' ',o y sweet    
beautiful6 '! k+'s bus9ess requires     
ha/e4 ,provid5ce has set our lives s f> 
ap>t we _c he> ea* o!r speak4' ,b y w be
 a woman1 & ,i w be a man1 =ev]4 ,9     
p>adise1 ,i w read wond]ful ?+s 9 ^? &  
o!r su* eyes1 & wond] at y =ev]4 ,vale6 
vale6'  ,!re is a poet claim+ to be ( ! 
sup]nal life--especially ( ! sup]nal    
conjugal--:o has writt5 'epics' &       
'lyrics1' ( :i* ,i mu/ hone/ly say1 z   
,em]son1 ,i believe1 once hone/ly said (
 "s ( ! writ+s ( ,sw$5borg3 ',i read !m 
) an unction & an afflatus q            

indescribable4' ,!y lift "o to !        
empyrean l no?+ else ,i "k ( outside !  
,bible4 ,!re is su* a sa9tly purity2 su*
 a wondr\s1 ri*1 mell[ joy\sness2 su*   
b\nd+ ela/icity ( _s2 su* an evid5tly   
irresi/ible gu% ( song 9 ! he>t2 su*    
broad ca?olicity ( religion1 t1 to "s1 x
 seems impossible t !y c\ld h be5 writt5
 any:]e b "u ! p]petual midsumm] skies (
 p>adise4 ,x may %[ poor ta/e1 b to me1 
9 ^? regions ( ! upp] e!r :]e9 ,t5nyson1
 ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 & ,%elley gr[ w+-we>y1 he
 so>s on /rong1 free p9ion4 ,8          
'imag9+s1' if su* !y are1 ( immortal    
life1 z mu* surpass 9 plausibility &    
naturalness ^? ( ,milton1 ,dante1 &     
,virgil1 z ! act+ ( a fir/-class !atre  
surpasses t se5 9 ! old monki%          
'my/]ies4' ,?is writ]1 ,t4 ,l4 ,h>ris1  
has won mu* recognition 9 bo?           
hemisph]es2 w\ld w9 mu* m if he appe>$  
simply z a poet1 & did n claim a se]    
faculty1 mak+ _m positive /atem5ts t _c 
be v]ifi$4 ,he c]ta9ly comes up to      
,ari/otle's /&>d1 :]e he says3 ',!      

object ( ! poet is n to treat ! ,true z 
x really happ5$1 b z x %\ld h happ5$4'  
,& n[ ! /ory4 ,i left myself indulg+ 9  
rev]ies conc]n+ ! expect$ sight ( my    
invisible *>m]4 ,! appo9t$ h\r came4 ,i 
0 q excit$4 ,i knew t ! l& 0 already    
full ( p :o claim$ to see ! sights ( !  
o!r _w z spirits see !m1 & fully expect$
 to h my clairvoyant faculty op5$4 ,b ,i
 saw no 'sudd5 ,ian!2' & to ?is day h   
nev] se5 ev5 a kobold1 a wrai?1 or a    
dppelgang]6 ,?is 0 d\btless =tunate2 =  
,i 0 ne>ly driv5 into lunacy by ! ?+s ,i
 he>d be=e ,i rea*$ ! end ( ?is 'y\?ful 
adv5ture4' ,i %\ld h gone 'clean daft'  
if ! bugaboo _h be5 p]mitt$ to %[ me !  
sights !y pres5tly promis$4  ,soon came 
aga9 my collocutor ) explanations4  ',y 
7 9 su* a /ate ( excitem5t t ! unit$    
ef=ts ( m ?an =ty ( y\r _s fri5ds 7     
utt]ly unavail+ = ! op5+ ( y\r sight4   
,we1 too1 became s excit$ t we lo/ all  
control ( ourselves1 & c\ld only weep to
 he> y\r m\rnful appeals foll[$ by y\r  
surr5d] ( all claims ^u me4' 444 ',d n  

?9k t ,i c\ld ev] hope to bask b5ea? !  
sun%9e ( y\r smile aft] hav+            
int5tionally deceiv$ y4'  ,!n foll[$ mu*
 simil> fem99e beguilem5t2 ! faculty =  
:i* seems to be r increas$ by ! ,jordan 
ba?4  ,x began to be a noticeable fact t
 _! magnetic p[] ov] me 0 su* t !y c\ld 
ca/ me d[n to ! bord]s ( despair1 &     
raise me !nce to rapture at w4 ,?us a   
few mom5ts ( su* ord9>y bl&i%m5ts z !   
foll[+ 7 ! only app>5t means ( rais+ my 
usually sl[-mov+ spirits f a v l[ to a v
 high pit*4 ,i 0 compla9+ ( ! wa/e (    
pap]1 9 writ+ words ( lett]s ?ree or f\r
 in*es high2 did n ?9k any law1 ev5 a   
law ( nature1 ju/ifi$ ! imposition ( su*
 an exp5diture ^u a sp\se 9 a sep>ate   
sph]e4 ',%e' promis$ to tone d[n !      
expressions ( atta*m5t until %e c\ld    
talk z l>gely z %e pleas$2 & to "s fur!r
 sugge/ions1 repli$3  ',really1 y are q 
imp]t95t1 consid]+ ! %ort "t we h be5   
m>ri$4' 444  ,slightly s+ul> z x may    
seem to ^? :o ?9k t ?is n>ration is 'all
 gammon1' ,i _h gone ?r\gh ! usual c\rse

 ( acqua9tance%ip ) ?is airy no?+2 0    
fir/ di/ant & res]v$2 !n slightly ?aw$1 
?\gh /ill horrifi$ at ! ?\ght ( hav+ all
 my ?\ghts read2 & f9ally1 aft] ,i felt 
t ! invisible eyes _h read1 9 my memory1
 e page ( my hi/ory1 0 p]fectly famili> 
& at ease 9 ! pres5ce ?is f9ite se>*] ( 
he>ts4  ,i f9d1 next 9 ord]1 ! foll[+3  
',s y wi% me to prove t we 7 m>ri$1 d y8
 ,well1 :5 y become a d5iz5 ( ?is high]1
 b none ! less practical sph]e1 y may   
read1 if y please1 :]e1 ) wond] & /range
 emotion1 ,i read1 9 ! heav5ly records (
 m>riages4' 444 ,x 0 dat$ ab\t ! "t ( my
 bir?4 ',y\r bant] is n s agreeable z   
y\r t5d]ness4' 444 ',y are incorrigible4
 ,x w take me _m a long age to br+ y to 
a due s5se ( my importance1' etc4 ',"s (
 my fri5ds are beside !mselves ) mir?1  
at my va9 attempts at tam+ a _s s rude4'
 ,!n came ano!r promise ( op5$ vision4  
',a truly solemn sc5e is at h&4 ,sp5d ! 
int]val 9 pray]4'  ,b aga9 !re 0 some?+ 
wrong ab\t ! spiritual z9c or acid1 & ! 
electrical ma*9]y w\ld n "w4 ,! fair or 

f\l deceiv] 7:o kn[s87 came up v solemn 
aft] ?is failure4  '',?\gh all m5 =sake 
!e1' said ,pet]1 'yet w n ,i =sake !e4' 
,s n[1 :5 ! highe/ spirits ( heav5 h fl$
 9 t]ror & dismay1 y\r poor d>l+ w n    
=sake y4 ,well might ,i sit1 l ,job's   
fri5ds1 sev5 days1 ay1 sev5ty times     
sev51 9 sil5t contemplation ( him       
:o--woe is me6--fe>s t ,i am b ano!r    
,delilah1 commission$ by 8 enemies to   
betray him into _! h&s4 ,:at c ,i say8  
:at d8 ,oh t ,i _h nev] se5 ! glori\s   
light ( ! sun or ! pure myriads ( my    
happy home1 r ?an ,i %\ld h beheld t    
sight la/ night4 ,h[ c ,i expla9 ! fact 
t he1 :om ,i1 at lea/1 believe to be    
heav5's mo/ supreme 7/r+ ( adjectives7  
favorite1 is sitt+ "h ) 8 unutt]able b  
unrep9+ sorr[ look+ =? f 8 444 eyes4'   
,j "h ,i caught a glimpse ( my div9ity1 
& turn+ 9 wra? & scorn to my ,titania1  
said1 mock+ly3  ,:ile ,i ?9e amiable    
*eeks d coy6  ,to ?is %e replies3 ',d n 
heap additional reproa*es ^u me1 by any 
su* awfully ludicr\s quotations4' 444   

',s y ?9k t y\r ,delilah is /riv+ to ga9
 "t by all ^! pi\s & o!rwise int]e/+    
rem>ks8' 444 ',nay1 d n ) loa?+ ca/ me f
 y z an an unholy & hateful ?+6 = !n1   
oh1 :at ,i %\ld !n d or be1 ,i _c1 d>e n
 ev5 ?9k4' 444 ',aga9 y see my woman's  
he>t _c suppress its emotions t[>d "o :o
 /ill hopes t he has be5 talk+ ) ----2 &
 :o says t1 = him to be conv9c$ ( ?is1  
is to be conv9c$ t %e :o has be5 talk+ )
 him has n int5tionally deceiv$ him4'   
,%e !n wr\ght ^u my feel+s by portray+  
h] suff]+s1 until1 9 my maudl9          
condition1 ,i 0 ca/+ ab\t to f9d h[ ,i  
%\ld help h]2 j z y sometimes see a     
drunk5 tramp /riv+ to pull 8 drunk5 pal 
out ( a dit*4  ',s1 mo/ self-=getful1 y 
beg9 to ?9k t y ought to help me be> my 
burd52 z y h plann$ sitt+ !re1 ) y\r    
little fri5d encircl+ y 9 h] s w>m      
embrace4 ,b :y %\ld ,i in=m y ( su*     
fact1 z ?is la/1 until y are conv9c$ t  
all y h he>d is n ! wily utt]ance (     
s$uc+ & helli% spirits8 ,try n to       
ent]ta9 su* awful suspicions4 ,z to !   

cause ( ^! lam5table failures1 ,i c only
 suppose t ! ,"l wi%es to make u1 :o    
wrongly prophesi$1 s5sible ( our        
inability to =etell future ev5ts4'  ,!n 
came "s bungl$ ,scriptures ab\t my      
'mission1' :i* r\s$ my ire4 ,my taunts  
drew =? ?is response3  ',:y d y love to 
ridicule my t5d]ness1 & speak s awfully 
to "o :o has no o!r human s\rce ( p]fect
 happ9ess8'  ,! day foll[+1 ! solemn    
dodge 0 aga9 resort$ to4 ,i began to    
feel a sort ( awe creep+ ov] me4 ,my    
affectionate fri5d !reupon wrote3  ',:at
 a *ange a few m9utes h wr\ght 9 y4     
,yes6 yes6 ! morn+ light is break+4 ,!  
fi]y trial is complete4 ,z ,i write !re 
re/s ^u y\r n[ placid br[ a glori\s &   
m>vell\sly beautiful cr[n4 ,! cup is    
dra9$4 ',to him t sat 9 ! valley & %ad[ 
( dea? light has sprung up4' ,& n[ awe  
seize? me3 = !re /&e?1 z yet a long way 
(f1 "o ^: =m is l to t ( ! ,son ( ,man4 
,9 a v little :ile1 n[1 ! great ev5t mu/
 inevitably occur4 ,he :o /&s ^u ! holy 
m\nt prep>es to op5 y\r sight1 & give y 

y\r commission4 ,h[ c we see him face to
 face & live6 ,let n a pass+ suspicion (
 fur!r delay di/urb y4 ,already y beg9  
to feel ! influ5ce ( 8 approa*4 ,well   
may y heave a sigh--z "o :o exp]i5ces a 
sudd5 & unlook$-= relief4 ,9 less ?an t5
 m9utes ! ,"l w appe> to y4 ,s make     
ready1 9 solemn m$itation & pray]1 = !  
mo/ solemn ev5t ( y\r or any o!r man's  
life is at h&4'  ',if ! vision t>ry1    
wait = x1' is ! only scripture t seems  
applicable to my visions3 = /ill !y came
 n4 ,yet "s v s]i\s & sub/antial        
exp]i5ces n[ fell to my lot1 :i* %all be
 ! !me ( ano!r *apt]4   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  
,z manag] ( ?is exhibition1 ,i w\ld     
reque/ ! or*e/ra to play some?+ gloomy &
 gr&1 dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! p]=mance2      
some?+ weird1 my/]i\s2 some?+ 9 :i* y c 
he> ! s\gh+ ( ! w9d ?r\gh ! p9es ( !    
,h>tz ,m\nta9s or ! ,black ,=e/4 ,a     
passage f a ,fau/ op]a or ,d] ,freis*utz
 might meet ! case2 = x began to be     
intimat$ to me1 n[ t ,i 0 suffici5tly   
clairaudi5t to be able to disp5se almo/ 

entirely ) ! p5cil1 t 8 ,satanic ,maje/y
 0 no indiff]5t spectator ( ! prep>ation
 ( ! man :o 0 ab\t to int]f]e s signally
 ) 8 plans & pursuits4 ,!reupon !re     
began to /eal ov] me = ! fir/ "t1    ',a
 s5se ( some?+ dreadful1 some?+ ne>4    
,h[ev] x 0 manag$1 f ?is mom5t till !   
end ( ?is phase ( life ,i am n>rat+1 ,i 
_h an almo/ con/ant s5se ( ! pres5ce (  
'g5ii ( ! pit1' ( va/ intellig5ce1 cruel
 z ev] ,satan 0 imag9$1 rel5tless z     
fate1 cold z ,dante's ice hells c\ld    
make !m4 ,at fir/1 "s influ5ce l$ me to 
review ! traditional hi/ory & prospects 
( my suppos$ di/+ui%$ visitor1 at "s    
l5g?4 ,i discuss$ ! /ate ( 8 case ) no  
little unction1 ?\gh %ak+ 9 my boots1 & 
9 mom5t>y expectation ( be+ gobbl$ up1  
body & s\l1 & :isk$ (f 9 sulphur\s      
smoke1 ) only a sulphur-burnt hole 9 !  
c>pet to m>k ! spot :]e ,i saw ! la/ (  
e>?4  ,pres5tly my insep>able companion 
broke 9 )3  ',he he>s y6 he he>s y6 &   
nev] may x be my lot aga9 to look ^u--' 
444 ',!re he is aga91 gl>+ )            

inexpressible rage ^u ! comp>atively    
insignificant man :o j n[ s pla9ly      
reveal$ to him '! true /ate ( ! case4'  
,i am almo/ afraid to look ^u t awful   
visage4 ',! /ate ( ! case is x8' he     
exclaims4 ',we w see :at is ! /ate4''-- 
,!re is a break "h 9 ! manuscript1 :i*  
is resum$ ?us3 ',y h conqu]$6 frantic ) 
rage he has fl$1 nev]1 ,i tru/1 to      
return4'  ,h[ w ,i rememb] :at happ5$   
dur+ t awful pause8 ,x 0 sp5t1 ,i       
suppose1 9 a h&-to-h& conflict ) !      
,pr9ce ( ,d>kness2 ! agreeabl5ess ( :i* 
0 n enhanc$ by my vivid recollection ( !
 'bit ( a discoo%9' betwe5 ,*ri/ian &   
,apollyon depict$ 9 ! old family        
,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,we are truly '!  
/uff t dreams are made (4' ,:at matt]$ x
 to me1 on t bl& summ] aft]noon1 s9ce ,i
 0 ( ?is op9ion1 :e!r x 0 ,beelzebub    
himself or "s dep>t$ 'blaz+ t9man1' ) a 
suit ( 8 maje/y's old clo!s on1 :ile    
himself1 all snug at home1    ',sat 9 8 
easy *air1   ,dr9k+ 8 sulphur tea4'  ,t 
0 c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ awful mom5ts ( my  

life1 9 :i* ,i felt ! fir/ dreadful ru% 
( ?is invisible tig]4 ,x seem$ z if he  
swoop$ t[>d me to annihilate me 9 a     
mom5t2 b 0 re/ra9$ by a high] p[]4 ,8   
com+ 0 l ! ru% ( a fifte5-in* %ell pa/  
"o's head4  ,z soon z ,i saw t ! fir/   
onset did n de/roy me1 ,i ga!r$ /r5g? to
 face ! mon/]2 = a tongue combat seem$  
all t 0 p]mitt$ him4 ,he put me ?r\gh my
 !ological paces at an awful rate--us+ !
 ,socratic dialectic--gr[l+ out que/ions
 9 ! tones ( a ca!dral organ1 t made me 
%iv]4 ,oh t ,i c\ld rememb] t fe>ful    
cate*ism6 ,x w\ld make a tract = :i* !  
,tom ,pa9e ,association w\ld pay a high 
price4 ,he drove me--p>tly1 ,i suppose1 
by magnetic =ce--/ep by /ep1 f my *]i%$ 
religi\s op9ions4 ,my reasons = believ+ 
9 ! c>d9al doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity seem$ 
to burn l /raw be=e 8 fi]y rhetoric1 &  
to turn to du/ b5ea? ! pond]\s bl[s ( 8 
iron logic4 ,he pu%$ me away f all ,i _h
 e/eem$ reliable 9 ! univ]se1 till ,i   
seem$ to /& on ! v]ge ( creation4 ,!re  
,i hung ) ! /r5g? ( t]ror4 ,!n ,i f\nd  

poet ,campbell true to nature1 :]e he   
speaks ( hope /&+ intact ''mid ,nature's
 fun]al pyre4' ,i insi/$ ^u 'hop+1' 9   
spite ( all 8 fi]y hail4  ,aft] he _h   
beat5 d[n all my def5ces1 he began to   
je] at me ) fi]ce sne]s & gobl9 laught] 
t froze my blood4 ',s ,i 0 !            
contemptible manik9 :o d>$ to ent]ta9 ! 
idea ( equality ) him--! ,/> ( !        
,morn+--"o brea? ( ^: no/rils w\ld )] me
 into non5tity4 ,s ,i presum$ to /& up &
 face him1 :o _h1 9 8 "t1 scatt]$ ! ho/s
 ( heav56 ,if x 7 n = ^? curs$1         
:ite-liv]$ ?+s 7angels7 t /ood 9 ! way1 
he w\ld swoop d[n & de/roy me 9 an      
in/ant4'  ,hav+ f\nd & ma9ta9$ foo?old =
 sev]al m9utes on ! rock ( hope1 ,i     
began to consid] h[ weak ?+s _h ( er/   
conf\nd$ ! ?+s t 7 mighty1 & soon !     
wirepull]s beh9d ! sc5es 7:oev] !y 77 _h
 me smit+ him hip & ?igh4 ,i 'began 9   
weakness1 b end$ 9 p[]4' ,at fir/ a few 
mutt]$ remon/rances1 b f9ally :ole      
,ironsides broadsides1 ) ! result above 
nam$4 ,! words ( my antagoni/1 dur+ ?is 

enc\nt]1 rang ?r\gh my bra9 ) awful     
di/9ctness4 ,= a day or two ,i _h be5   
communicat+ p>tly ) ! p5cil1 & p>tly by 
clairaudi5ce1 ek$ out by writ+ 9 ! air )
 my =ef+]4 ,b ?is demon1 or demon pro   
tem41 ne$$ n to write 8 words3 8        
'trumpet gave no unc]ta9 s\nd4'  ,!     
?\ghtful read] w p]ceive :at a /rong    
po9t my magnetiz]s ga9$ by ?is sc5e4    
,aft] disappo9t+ me s _m times1 !y c\ld 
n1 ) all _! p[] ov] me1 h kept me f ?r[+
 ! :ole ?+ ov]bo>d1 )\t resort+ to "s   
su* c\p d'tat4 ,be+1 d\btless1 on bett] 
t]ms ) ! inf]nal ?an ) ! sup]nal        
regions1 ^! d5iz5s ( ! ,int]m$iate      
,limbo 7we w suppose t my /range gue/s 7
 mo/ly ( ?is sort ( nondescripts7 _h    
p]haps induc$ "s bona fide demon to act 
! "p ( ! k+ ( !m all1 '= ?is night      
only4' ,x c]ta9ly 0 an imm5se success4  
,i1 to be sure1 _h n receiv$ ! expect$  
commission3 b _h ,i n f\ght ! great r$  
dragon1 &1 l ano!r ,/4 ,george1 p9n$ him
 to ! e>?1 ?r\gh sup]natural aid8 ,"h 0 
a sub/antial success4 ,i write ?is      

m]rily en\gh n[2 b 0 n (t5 m]ry !n--0   
inde$ act+ great1 real trag$y4  ,i 0 n  
long to enjoy ?is triumph4 ,! ^w came3  
',aga9 he comes6' ,!n ,i _h ano!r long1 
h>d fight2 b ?is "t 0 n pu%$ s ne> !    
wall4 ,i 0 !n told by my spiritual      
advis] & ,circe ( ! unb\nd$ admiration  
express$ = me by ^? :o _h li/5$ to ?is  
'ev]-memorable' disputation4  ,! attempt
 to craze me1 or--putt+ ! be/ face on   
x--to %[ me h[ spiriti/s are g5]ally    
craz$1 n[ began 9 d[nright e>ne/4 ,all t
 night1 despite my entreaties to be     
p]mitt$ to sleep1 ,i 0 kept awake1 &    
busi$ ) a v>iety ( 'extremely important'
 bus9ess4 ,i am naturally a solid1      
regul> sleep]1 & d n prosp] ^u ,napoleon
 or ,humboldt portions ( repose2 b n[   
c\ld only suit my p]secutors by ris+ on 
"o elb[ 9 b$1 & 'wre/l+' = ! salvation (
 my next neighbor4 ,!y s$ul\sly p\r$    
into my m9d all mann] ( apocrypha       
conc]n+ ?is g5tleman's %ortcom+s--ab\t !
 necessity ( pray+ = & at him1 & ab\t ! 
effects ( my ef=ts1 i4 e41 br++ a /reak 

( cele/ial light ^u him--until ,i 0     
almo/ ready to wi% t he might be ----1 r
 ?an t ,i %\ld h any su* unseasonable "w
 to p]=m 9 8 behalf4 ,b !y kept me at x1
 /raight ?r\gh ! night & a l>ge portion 
( ! next day2 & f9ally induc$ me to g1  
mu* aga9/ my w1 to reveal to him "s ( my
 exp]i5ces1 & to endeavor to =ce f him  
an ackn[l$gm5t t :at ,i _h he>d ab\t him
 0 true4  ,! attempt to cause at lea/ a 
tempor>y ab]ration ( my intellect n[    
becomes v pla9 9 ! manuscript4 ,e idea  
is utt]$ 9 ! mo/ excit+ mann]4 ,all     
/atem5ts & progno/ications ab\t my      
neighbor hav+ prov$ false 7he 0 amaz$ at
 my proc$ure71 ! invisible busybodies   
boil$ ov] ?us3  ',he has li$6 he has li$
 to y6 & if y w\ld pres]ve y\r reason1 g
 & read ! pap]s to him4 ,he _h s*ool$   
himself to %[ no emotion1 & y %[$ en\gh 
to excite 8 wor/1 mo/ hide\s fe>s4 ,s g1
 = ,heav5's sake6 ,he quail$ once1 &    
only once1 be=e y\r n suffici5tly /eady 
gaze4 ,woe6 woe6 woe6 ,n[ :at %all be   
done8' 444 ,evid5tly try+ to get up a   

teapot tempe/4 ',d n /rive to unravel   
?is my/]y 9 t fi]cely ke5 way1 or ?is   
evil _s w h to give place to a m exp]t  
deceiv]4 ,god w c]ta9ly d some?+ soon to
 set ^! matt]s /raight1 or ,i %all cease
 to be6' ,%e _h said annihilation 0     
possible6 ',y\r fa!r wi%es to speak to  
y4'  ,a fa!rly _s x 0 truly--0 = driv+  
me mad (f h&1 b ov]%ot ! m>k4  ',son1   
?is is awful6 ,i c only say to y1 be    
calm & cool1 = y w ne$ to be bo? to get 
free f ?is sn>e ( ,satan1 s well        
conceiv$4 ,bett] g to supp] n[ 7=       
appe>ance sake73 aft] t1 pray = help4   
,:5 y took away ^? books aft] read+     
extracts to ! neighbor1 ! :ole crew (   
devils1' etc41 etc4  ,?is excit+        
language 'br\ght me up ) a r\nd turn4'  
,i saw at once ! object ( ! p]son :o 0  
talk+ ) me4 ,s ,i br\ght ! affair to a  
full /op1 z f> z ! use ( my h& 0        
conc]n$4 ,i simply add$1 on t           
leaf--speak+ n[ = myself3  ',i w he> no 
fur!r4 ,?is "p ( my discipl9e is f9i%$4'
  ,b ,i 0 =c$ to he>1 :e!r ,i wrote or  

n4 ,i _h come to ?is wisdom too late4 ,i
 fully believe t1 z f> z my ability to  
prev5t ! cata/rophe 0 conc]n$1 ,i 0 !n &
 !re a possess$ p]son--a slave (        
spirits--z utt]ly b\nd to d ! w ( my    
magnetiz]s z ev] a 'subject' 04 ,?\gh ,i
 _c be p]suad$ t all ^! be+s1 f :om     
unse5 ,i _h he>d s mu*1 7 'only evil    
cont9ually1' no 'h>moniali/' c p]suade  
me t ^? :o n[ began to play ) me1 z a   
cat plays ) a m\se1 7 o!r ?an evil4 ,9  
all imag9able ways1 !y /rove to %[ me h[
 utt]ly ,i _h lo/ self-comm& &          
self-control4 7,i am e/eem$ ob/9ate by  
nature47  ,:at is v s+ul>1 ,i n[ lo/    
sight ( my 'prima donna4' ,x w\ld seem  
natural t a ,delilah w\ld1 at lea/1 h   
come ) a je]+ ',! ,phili/9es be ^u !e1  
,samson4' ,b no1 n till ?is great       
tribulation 0 ov] did ,i he> f 'h]4'  ,t
 ev5+ & night 7 sp5t1 mo/ly1 9 %[+ me t 
,i 0 no long] my own ma/]4 ,!re 0 n1    
h[ev]1 t cont9u\s hell-bla/ ^u me t s   
scor*$ my s\l on ! foll[+ aft]noon4 ,!  
cats 7 toss+ me 9 _! velvet paws--only  

occasionally protrud+ a %>p claw z a    
rem9d]1 until !y c\ld feel sur] ( _!    
victim4 ,!y w\ld say to me3 ',n[ we w   
exalt y to heav52' & up ,i w5t1 high]1  
high]1 high] into ! empyrean1 until ,i  
he>d ! music ( ! sph]es1 & all ?+s 7    
ablaze ) light & glory4 ,aga9 !y w\ld   
say3 ',n[ g d[n into hell2' & ! sc5e    
*ang$ z sudd5ly z d ^? ( a t5-c5t       
panorama1 :5 a midnight /orm at sea or a
 volcanic eruption is ab\t to be roll$ 9
 view3 ,i w5t d[n ad imis--'d[n to !    
bottom ( ! sea--! e>? ) h] b>s 0 ar\nd  
me =ev]4' ,blank horror & angui% seiz$  
me4 ,hope fl$ to its impregnable corn] (
 my he>t1 till ! calamity 0 ov]pa/4 ,a  
hu%$ agony 0 ^u me1 z be=e ,i _h kn[n   
its b\ndless bliss4 ,& ?us v>i\sly ,i   
f>$ ?r\gh all t second night (          
sleeplessness4 ,!y probably s5t me up & 
d[n ?is scale ( s5sation tw5ty times    
dur+ eight h\rs4 ,?is night ,i 0 n at   
all sleepy4 ,a few m su* w\ld h f9i%$ ! 
bus9ess2 & !re w\ld h be5 'ano!r awful  
effect ( ! spiritual delusion' to       

*ronicle4 ,! hone/ v]dict ( ! fir/      
c5tury w\ld h be53 ',ano!r possess$ (   
devils or devil-craz$4' ,! wret*es well 
knew t insomnia is an excell5t          
prep>ation = insanity4  ,t[>d morn+ a   
new s*eme 0 inv5t$4 ,"s o/5sible good   
fri5d in=m$ me1 9 a bus9ess-l way1 t !  
"w ( ! morr[ = me--! new ,saul (        
,t>sus--0 to set out = a c]ta9 t[n 9    
,v]mont1 :]e ,i %\ld f9d my ,ananias2 :o
 'w\ld %[ me :at ?+s ,i %\ld d4' ,s !   
fai?ful slave ( ! g5ii prep>$ to obey4  
,i pack$ a c>pet bag1 & w5t e>ly to !   
resid5ce ( a m$ical fri5d1 :o _h be5    
dabbl+ 9 ! same arcana4 ,i gave him a   
sket* ( :at ,i _h exp]i5c$2 yet1 = "s   
reason1 did n />t = ,v]mont1 b rema9$ ) 
him all ! morn+4 ,my invisible monitors 
s5t me out into ! /reet sev]al times1 to
 f9d p :o c\ld n be f\nd4 7,any?+ to    
keep up _! influ5ce47  ,t[>d noon ! fact
 came pla9ly to me t an ef=t 0 be+ made 
to di/urb1 if n de/roy1 my reason4 ,i   
began to f9d my ideas becom+ incoh]5t 9 
spite ( huge/ ef=t4 ,i call$ my fri5d1 &

 said to him1 ?r\gh set tee?1 b z coolly
 z possible3  ',i f9d myself to be      
?or\ghly & utt]ly a magnetic subject1 an
 abject subject ( mis*iev\s spirits4 ,!y
 are /riv+ to d]ange my faculties4 ,i am
 exce$+ly al>m$ to f9d t !y are try+1 ) 
mu* success1 to r5d] my ideas incoh]5t4 
,x is only by a v great ef=t ( w t ,i am
 enabl$ to speak ^! words di/9ctly to y4
 ,z f> z my private p[] ( resi/ance is  
conc]n$1 ,i am gone4 ,d ex]t y\r p[]ful 
magnetism2 p]haps y c drive !m (f4'  ,he
 0 mu* di/ress$1 & ex]t$ himself        
mightily 7he 0 a pr(ess$ electrician71  
comb9+ w p[] ) t anci5t ag5t1 pray]1 to 
exorcise ! evil influ5ce4 ,b 8 ef=ts 7  
useless1 z ! vagabonds well knew1 be=e  
!y br\ght me !re on exhibition4 ,!y _h n
 sp5t ! week 9 va94 ,i _h sold myself to
 !m z squ>ely z fools ev] did 9 ,g]man  
leg5d4  ,:5 d9n] 0 ann\nc$1 ! doctor    
wi%$ me to accompany him4 ,i refus$1 &  
he left me1 to take a ha/y meal4 ,f9d+1 
:5 he 0 gone1 t ,i 0 gr[+ worse1 ,i w5t 
into ! /reet1 det]m9$ t if ,i 0 to be   

craz$1 ,i w\ld n sit !re & let him wat* 
! op]ation4 ,i walk$ on1 v[+ t ,i w\ld n
 turn t[>d home until my faculties 7    
re/or$2 & execrat+ my folly 9 p]mitt+ ! 
enslavem5t6 ,on1 on ,i ru%$1 my head all
 ablaze ) 'od' t _h no bus9ess !re1 &   
pray+ z ,i nev] _h pray$ be=e4 ,i took !
 ,g[anus road t[>d ,gre5wood4 ,p]haps x 
0 "s defunct rogue !re int]r$1 :o 0     
lead+ me on to 'rave among ! tombs4'    
,arriv$ at a spot :]e a little          
tree-capp$ promontory ov]hangs ! bea*1  
,i turn$ aside1 b5ea? ! projection1 &   
sat d[n on a log--l ,jonah "u ! g\rd--&1
 gaz+ out on ! rippl+ waves ( ! bay1    
desir$ t dea? or relief might come4 ,i 0
 det]m9$ to sit !re until ,god or ,satan
 made good 8 claim ^u me4 ,sudd5ly      
relief came4 ,! fi]ce onset ^u my       
intellect ceas$4 ,i 0 made :ole4 ,i     
'leap$ & walk$4' ,! means ( my relief ,i
 nev] knew4  ,b my lesson 0 n complete4 
,i _h b j in=m$ my m$ical fri5d ( my    
deliv]ance 7he _h sc\r$ ! neighborhood1 
& in=m$ sev]al ( ! cause ( 8 fe>s71 :5  

!re 7 mutt]+s & gr[l+s ( ano!r approa*+ 
/orm4 ,! mess5g]s ( ,satan s5t to baffle
 me gave me to und]/& t !y _h n ab&on$  
_! prey1 b 7 sure ( x yet4 ,!y p\r$ !   
wra? ( hell ^u my def5celess head t     
aft]noon4 ,i h n1 hi!rto1 attempt$ to   
(f] mu* direct pro( to ! un9itiat$ t my 
exp]i5ces1 9 ?is connection1 7 o!r ?an  
halluc9ation4 ,t :i* n[ occurr$ is1 z x 
seems to me1 9 ! nature ( su* pro(4 ,"h 
0 ,i ?or\ghly al>m$ = my safety1 &      
extremely anxi\s to get rid ( my        
torm5tors4 ,yet1 n = a s+le mom5t n[1   
c\ld ,i close my m5tal e>s to _! horrid 
clangor ( ?reats & imprecations2 =1 ?r[+
 (f all re/ra9t1 !y flood$ me )         
,bill+sgate4 ,!y curs$ & damn$ me1 & all
 p]sons1 ?+s1 & ideas e/eem$ by me1 9 ! 
mo/ approv$ /yle4 ,inde$1 ! swe>+ exce$$
 any?+ ,i ev] he>d on ! ,mississippi &  
,alabama riv] boats1 :5 =c$1 = lack (   
room1 to sleep on ! floor ( ! saloon1   
almo/ "u ! feet ( ! *ivalry1 dur+ _!    
midnight gambl+ c>\sals4  ,! mode (     
spee* is n easily describ$4 ,sometimes !

 words came sl[ly & di/9ctly4 ,aga9 !re 
w\ld be m]ely ?\ght-panorama pres5t$4 ,a
 complete /atem5t or view ( ?+s c be    
fla%$ into ! m9d 9 an in/ant4 ,!re=e !  
language ( spirits is ( va/ly great]    
compass ?an t ( m54 ,^! immortal        
blackgu>ds c\ld vomit m oa?s & o!r      
blasphemy 9 five m9utes1 ?an a mortal "o
 c\ld 9 an h\r4 ,if x is difficult to   
translate f "o e>?-language into ano!r1 
h[ mu* h>d] mu/ x be to br+ ! ideas ( an
 inn] sph]e into outw>d =ms (           
expression6  ,!y told me t x 0 _!       
int5tion to op5 my clairvoyant faculty  
n[ ) a v5geance4 ,=1 hav+ fairly        
accompli%$ x1 !y w\ld worry me to dea?  
or madness by ! cont9ual sight & he>+ ( 
all t hell c\ld %[ or conjure up4 ,i    
only wi% t a few ( ^? ,sadducees :o     
philosophize all ?is sort ( ?+ into     
moon%9e1 c\ld be1 = a :ile1 z sore beset
 z ,i 0 on t ev5tful day6 ,x w\ld ne$ b 
a few m9utes' p>ley ) ^! 'fi]ce         
,ephesian bea/s' to induce !m to repeat 
! language ( an old] sceptic1 :o return$

 f ! dead to ! fri5d :o _h discuss$     
immortality ) him1 & :o exclaim$1 z he  
pass$ f sight3  ',mi*ael6 ,mi*ael6 v]a  
sunt illa6'  ,! s*eme ( ! diabolians    
seem$ s feasible t ,i 0 greatly p]plex$4
 ,!y _h %[n !mselves able to keep me    
awake ! two prec$+ nights2 & ,i knew t1 
if p]mitt$1 !y c\ld accompli% _! purpose
 9 t way alone4 ,h[ mu*1 !n1 w\ld !     
p]petual sight ( fi]y fly+ dragons1     
horn$ satyrs1 & o!r hide\s half-human   
creatures1 te>+ ar\nd1 ) m\?s agape to  
take me 9--:ile o!r lo/ s\ls flitt$ ab\t
 z fly+ s]p5ts1 bats1 & owls--ha/5 !    
evil "w4 ,i ?\ght ov] all ! horrible =ms
 portray$ 9 ! ,ca?olic purgatory        
pictures1 & describ$ by delirium trem5s 
subjects1 until ,i 0 a ?\s& times m     
anxi\s to h ! eyes ( my _s kept %ut1 ?an
 ,i ev] _h be5 to h !m op5$4  ,i tri$ to
 exorcise ! foe by read+ ! ,bible2 b ?is
 only increas$ _! je]+ at ! '---- fool1'
 :om !y _h work$ h>d to get1 _h got1 &  
meant to keep1 9 spite ( 'hell1 book1 & 
c&le4' ,truly '_! m\?s 7 full ( curs+ & 

bitt]ness4'  ,did space p]mit1 & 7 x n t
 ! pr9t+ ( oa?s1 :i* has become s       
fa%ionable ev5 9 respectable p]iodicals1
 is hurtful to morals1 ,i c\ld fill     
pages ) _! je]s1 taunts1 blasphemies1   
?reats1 & execrations4  ,i left my      
private room1 & w5t among ! h\sehold1 9 
hopes t1 amid busy out] sc5es1 ! hold ( 
! invisible tig]s w\ld be loos$4 ,b !n1 
:ile conv]s+ on commonplace subjects1 ,i
 realiz$ m fully ?an ev] ^u :at a fe>ful
 precipice ! he$less spiriti/ is ev]    
sport+4 ,=1 cle>]1 m di/9ct1 came       
?reats1 curses1 gobl9 laught]2 & ',fool6
 dolt6' 0 ! cry4  ',simpleton1 etc41 ?9k
 y t ! company ( wom5 & *ildr5 w save y1
 :5 ! mightie/ spirits 7angels !y call  
!mselves7 _c n[ r5d y f our grasp8 ,z   
soon z we *oose1 we w te> y\r silly s\l 
out ( y\r c>case2 & !n we w make a      
v]itable ,lucif] ( y4 ',lucif]6         
,,lucif]6 /> ( ! morn+6 h[ art ?\ fall51
 & become z "o ( u6' ,ha6 ha6 ha6 yes6  
yes6 y mu/ g ) u4 ,we fancy y4 ,= a     
call[ prie/1 y h a deal ( music 9 y4    

,w\ld-be ,samson1 y mu/ gr9d 9 our      
prison h\se & sport 9 our temple2 !     
pill>s :]e( y c nev] cause to tremble4' 
,!y said t ,i 0 a 'c[>d--d>$ n face a   
set ( %ad[s1 figm5ts ( ! bra91 empty    
no?+s4' ,i saw t 'va9 0 ! help ( man2'  
&1 retir+ to my room1 _h an awful season
 ( worse ?an 'temptation combats4'  ,!n 
came ! la/ sc5e 9 ! tragic "p ( my      
unromantic exp]i5ce4 ,"o ( ! artful     
dodg]s1 hav+ trans=m$ himself into an   
angel ( light 79 my he>+1 n 9 my sight71
 in=m$ me1 at ab\t eight o'clock 9 !    
ev5+1 t1 ?\gh my de/ruction appe>$      
imm95t1 !re 0 "o way ( escape left4 ,my 
own pray]s 7 useless3 b if ,i w\ld get  
d[n on my knees1 & repeat a confession &
 supplication at 8 dictation1 x might   
avail4 ,enslav$ z ,i 01 ,i ( c\rse      
compli$2 & !n und]w5t a humiliation t1  
ev5 9 my horrifi$ /ate1 0 v bitt]4 ,i _h
 always1 9 my mo/ puritanical days1     
kick$ at ! doctr9e t we are all su*     
abom9able1 hell-des]v+1 self-degrad$    
creatures1 responsible = our own ru91 t 

x is ! wond] ( creation t ,god w\ld give
 our s\ls any lea/ *ance ( heav54 ,i _h 
always felt ) ,t5nyson3    ',?\ wilt n  
leave u 9 ! du/2   ,?\ made/ man1 & ,?\ 
art j4'  ,b n[ ,i 0 =c$ to *ange all    
?is2 & = once ,i utt]$ a p]fectly       
or?odox pray]4 ,sl[ & di/9ct came !     
words1 :i* ,i mu/ p]=ce repeat z sl[ly1 
?\gh e "o 0 a bitt] pill4 ,i 0 made to  
say t ,i 0 entirely mi/ak5 9 suppos+    
myself a ,*ri/ian 79 ! 'evangelical'    
s5se72 t ,i _h be5 a fool1 a bragg>t1 a 
sort ( impo/or2 t my life _h be5 "o     
s]ies ( %ams & follies2 t ,i _h disgrac$
 my religi\s pr(ession1 etc41 etc41 ad  
nauseam1 w9d+ up ) ! abject decl>ation t
 ,i des]v$ to g /raight to '! city (    
,dis1 & ! ?ree-head$ dog2' & t if ,i 0  
sp>$1 x w\ld be 'a miracle ( m]cy4'  ,! 
high] p[]s mu/ h ?\ght t ,i _h swall[$  
en\gh ( ?is hell-bro?2 =1 at ?is        
juncture1 ! dictation & compulsion      
sudd5ly ceas$4 ,i /ood ^u my feet1 no   
long] a slave4 ,x seem$ z if "s gr&1    
calm ,i?uriel _h t\*$ ) 8 spe>-po9t !   

v5om\s toad t sat by my e>1 or ! wily   
s]p5t t 'held me 7en*ant$7 ) 8 glitt]+  
eye4' ,f t mom5t to ?is1 ,i h n be51 =  
an in/ant1 s]i\sly annoy$ by invisible  
di/urb]s ( ! peace4  ,a sweet quiet came
 ov] me2 ,i w5t to b$ & slept s\ndly4 ,!
 next day ,i det]m9$ to complete !      
exorcism by walk+ a doz5 miles into !   
c\ntry1 to visit a relation4 ,! only    
trace ( ! fe>ful sc5es ?r\gh :i* ,i _h  
pass$1 consi/$ 9 ! fact t my head 0 /ill
 all ablaze ) ! f\l1 gross magnetic     
fluids ( my ex-torm5tors2 & 0 s hot t ,i
 f\nd x agreeable to walk ) my hat (f4  
,i 0 two days gett+ rid ( ! heat4  ,?\gh
 ,i _h no m sulphur tea to dr9k1 ,i 0 n 
yet wean$ f ! invisible milk & wat]4 ,i 
0 at once in=m$1 by 'respectable appe>+'
 spirits1 t my trials _h appe>$         
necess>y1 because ,i _h ?r[n myself op5 
to promiscu\s communication ) ! o!r     
_w--a ?+ peculi>ly dang]\s 9 my case2 & 
t ,i c\ld n[ see ! propriety ( nev] aga9
 surr5d]+ my manhood1 my individuality1 
& my common s5se to any brig& 9 or out (

 ! body4 ,i 0 also told t x nev] _h be5 
int5d$ to use me = any important        
m$iumi/ic purpose1 except s f> z my     
exp]i5ce might be useful4 ,s ,i         
gradually let ! ?+ drop4 ,reg>d+ ! new  
light z sci5tific r ?an religi\s1 ,i    
long s9ce pigeon-hol$ x among my        
sci5ces4 ,i s>donically tell total      
,sadducees t ,i h plac$ x among ! exact 
sci5ces4  ,i am sorry t ,i am unable to 
enlight5 ! novel-read+ read] fur!r      
conc]n+ ! 'prima donna2' b t is a       
delicate subject "u exi/+ circum/ances4 
,s pres5t+1 h]e)1 ! bright & sulphur\s  
end ( ! ,lucif] ,mat* "u ! nose ( a     
disc]n+ public1 ,i w wat* ! upcurl+ &   
dilat+ ( no/rils4 ,z ,i p5 ^! la/ l9es1 
! live body look+ ov] my %\ld] smiles   
scornfully4     ,,sket*es ,,( ,,am]ican 
,,life ,,& ,,sc5]y4  ,,iii4--,,m\nta9   
,,ways4   ',lucy ,d----1' said ,aunt    
,s>ah ,grundy1 ',i really _c conceive   
:at y & ,elsie f9d to ent]ta9 y 9 !     
desolate1 out-(-!-way places :]e y are 9
 ! habit ( wa/+ y\r summ]s4 ,:y c y n be

 cont5t ) ! ord9>y highways1 :]e p      
travel com=tably 9 good boats & rail    
c>s8 ,:y mu/ y leave tol]ably conv5i5t  
hotels1 regul> meals1 & agreeable1 prop]
 p1 to bury y\rself 9 "s m\nta9 fa/ness1
 :]e ! inns are poor1 ! food pla91 & !  
p--well6 su* z are totally unfit        
associates = two well-br$ "y wom58'  ',o
 auntie6 auntie6 we ?\ght y call$       
y\rself a democrat6' said ,elsie4       
',politically1 my de>1 b n socially1' 0 
! reply4  ',& a ,*ri/ian6' add$ ,lucy   
,d----4  ',i see1' cont9u$ ,mrs4        
,grundy1 't1 by rais+ o!r issues1 y hope
 to escape an explanation ( ! my/]y to  
:i* ,i h ref]r$4'  ',a my/]y inde$6'    
repli$ ,lucy ,d----4 ',! my/]y ( nature1
 ( creation1 ( ! communion ( ! creature 
) ! inf9itely b\ntiful ,creator4 ,h y   
nev] w&]$ away f ! beat5 track1 f       
tiresome d9n]s1 ) m]c5>y wait]s &       
elaborate c\rses1 f yawn+1 blas m51 &   
ov]-dress$1 artificial1 weakly wom51 &1 
re/+ ^u "s quiet hillside1 suff]$ !     
glories ( ext]nal nature to fill y\r s\l

 z y dra9$ ! cup ( beauty1 until        
sunrises & sunsets1 /orm cl\ds & morn+  
mi/s1 broad b&s ( light & d>ksome %ad[s1
 /eep m\nta9s & curv+ valleys1 hurry+   
brooks & tidal oceans1 dusky p9e =e/s & 
tremul\s bluebells1 dreamily float$ be=e
 ! vision1 soo?+ c>e & ! petty w\nds    
inflict$ by ! human d5iz5s ( ?is ne!r   
_w8 ,i love my k9d1 ,i %>e _! faults &  
follies1 ,i pity _! sorr[s1 & w\ld d my 
utmo/ to succor or to soo!2 b ,i d n    
und]/& !m z ,i d ! woods3 _! faces ,i   
readily =get1 b nev] ! =ms ( m\nta9     
crag1 ( noble tree1 or ( fir/ spr+ wild 
fl[]4 ,among m5 ,i may be misund]/ood1  
dislik$ p]haps1 or1 m g5]ally1 simply   
ignor$ & ov]look$2 b among ! hills ,i   
fe> no h>%1 no indiff]5t ^w3 ea*        
treasure ( beauty brea!s to me ( ,"o :o 
kn[s my e he>t-beat1 ,"o :om ,i c love  
)\t fe> ( w\nd or dis5*antm5t4 ,! m\nta9
 clefts h no unk9d words1 no fault-f9d+1
 no ridicule1 no ra% judgm5ts = ! sons (
 m54 ,!y (f] cle> spr+s1 fre% fruits1 & 
fe/al fl[]s1 peace & re/ & pure joy6'   

',really1 ,lucy1' said ,aunt ,s>ah1 ',i 
am n sure y\r rhapsody has made ! my/]y 
any pla9] ?an be=e4 ,may ,i n1 9 my     
turn1 ask if y\r feel+s are q ,*ri/ian8 
,are y n afraid y ent]ta9 a species (   
repulsion t[>d y\r fell[ m58'  ',aunt   
,s>ah1 ,i ne>ly always feel m = !m ?an  
!y = me4 ,p]haps !y hurt my vanity by   
ov]:elm+ me ) ! s5se ( my own           
insignificance4 ,be t z x may1 _!       
ev]la/+ wrangl+ among !mselves is m ?an 
,i c endure4 ,:5 p beg9 to qu>rel1 ev5  
to disagree w>mly1 ! blood ru%es to my  
bra91 & ,i long = a cool breeze f "s p9y
 height1 a mossy seat by "s calm lake1 t
 mirrors only ! blue ( heav51 ! measur$ 
fl[ ( fall+ wat]s1 ! ru/le ( leaves1 !  
hum ( bees1 or ! song ( birds4'  ',y are
 n /rong1 & h gr[n n]v\s1 ,i fe>1' said 
,aunt ,s>ah4 ',i c rememb] :5 y greatly 
enjoy$ a good discussion1 & nev] %rank f
 an enc\nt] ( op9ions4'  ',i 0 "y !n1'  
repli$ ,lucy2 ',i am old] n[1 & h less  
confid5ce 9 my argum5tative p[]s4 ,i    
love tru? z well1 b d\bt my capacity to 

lift h] veil1 ! will+ness ( mortals to  
seek h] humbly1 or ! c]ta9ty ( _! yield+
 to conviction1 ev5 7 %e bodily1 9      
uncl\d$ radiance1 to /& be=e !m4 ,i hope
 ,i may always h c\rage suffici5t to    
support my hone/ convictions1 b ,i mu/  
confess ! ef=t has become a pa9ful "o1 &
 ,i in/9ctively fly all wrangl+ z ,i    
w\ld ! plague4'  ',d y !n desire to lead
 an isolat$ life8' ask$ ,mrs4 ,grundy4  
',by no means1' repli$ ,lucy4 ',duty &  
affection bo? b9d me to active s]vice 9 
! ranks ( ! _w1 &1 to return to !       
subject ( a retir$ c\ntry soj\rn1 !     
fre$om f gne1 ! abs5ce ( hurry1 !       
confid5tiality ( nature1 lead u 9 a week
 to a bett] compreh5sion & appreciation 
( ! few p]sons surr\nd+ u ?an c\ld be   
obta9$ 9 ye>s ( ord9>y city acqua9tance4
 ,bricks & mort> & cut /ones t5d to !   
revelation ( b few secrets1 b ! ev5+    
twilight1 ! cresc5t moon1 ! morn+ dawn1 
! =e/ %ade1 & ! noonday repose are      
p]suasive op5]s ( he>ts & weav]s (      
sympa?y4 ,a walk ) ,elsie is f> m to me 

?an a solit>y ramble4 ,!n1 too1 ! c\ntry
 population frequ5tly exhibit an        
orig9ality & individuality ( developm5t 
m (t5 miss$ ?an f\nd 9 ! assimilat+     
atmosph]e ( cities4'  ',i %\ld we>y 9 a 
week ( su* a dull1 s5tim5taliz+ mode (  
exi/5ce1' said ,aunt ,s>ah1 ) a         
significant %rug ( h] prettily droop+   
%\ld]s4  ',s5tim5taliz+6' cri$ ,lucy2   
'no?+ c be m heal?fully real1 m         
conducive to /r5g? & w to "w1 :5 ! la/  
r$ leaf has fall51 & ! gray ,novemb]    
cl\ds rem9d "o t ,p>adise is n yet ga9$1
 & t a _w ( toil & /rife & passion has a
 claim ^u ea* mortal's e>ne/ labor4     
,also1 ! comic side ( life is by no     
means want+ among ! hills1 & _m an      
innoc5t laugh is to be enjoy$ )1 n at1  
"o's fell[ creatures4 ,humor ,i love    
de>ly2 satire is simply hateful--fill$ )
 pa94 ,i c always see ! victim 7if he   
only knew67 wri?+ & bl5*+ b5ea? ! bitt] 
glances & bla/+ words ( fi5di%          
torm5tors4'  ',yes1 inde$1' said ,elsie1
 '_m a m]ry ev5+ h we sp5t laugh+ ov] ! 

day's adv5tures4 ,! s+ul> co9cid5ces &  
/range incongruities ( ,am]ican life are
 n[h]e m /rik+ly exhibit$ ?an among !   
hills & lakes bord]+ ! great ?or\ghf>es 
( travel4 ,d y rememb]1 ,lucy1 ! transit
 ( our fri5ds1 ! =eign pr(essor & !     
arti/1 f ! ,catskill ,m\nta9 ,h\se to ! 
head ( ! ,kaut]skill ,falls8'  ',c ,i   
ev] =get x8'  ',:at transit 0 t1 ,lucy8'
 ask$ ,mrs4 ,grundy4  ',y "k1 ,aunt     
,s>ah1 t midway up ! ,clove1 ne/l$ aga9/
 ! side ( ! ,s\? ,m\nta91 is            
,brockett's1 & two miles up ! rav9e1 at 
! head ( ! ,kaut]skill ,falls1 /&s !    
,laurel ,h\se1 :]e we pass$ a portion ( 
la/ summ]4 ,two miles f>!r ea/ is ! /eep
 br9k ( ! ,p9e ,or*>d1 cr[n$ by ! ,:ite 
colonnade ( ! ,m\nta9 ,h\se4 ,e>ly "o   
morn+1 a mu*-e/eem$ fri5d1 "o ( our be/ 
arti/s1 left ,brockett's1 &1 climb+ !   
rav9e1 pass$ our h\se on 8 way to !     
,nor? ,m\nta91 :5ce a sket* 0 desir$4   
,we _h _h ne>ly f\r weeks ( cont9u$ ra91
 ! brooks 7 full1 ! falls magnific5t1 ! 
roads 9 "s p>ts "u wat]1 & e pa?way a   

runn+ /ream4 ,we 7 daily expect+ !      
arrival f abroad ( a g5tleman :om ,i _h 
nev] se51 b :o 0 well kn[n to1 & highly 
reg>d$ by1 sundry memb]s ( our family4  
,he _h writt5 to ann\nce 8 com+1 b we _h
 fail$ to receive 8 lett]1 &1           
consequ5tly1 :5 he1 on ! aft]noon ( !   
day already m5tion$1 arriv$ at ! ,m\nta9
 ,h\se1 he f\nd no "o wait+ to receive  
him1 & no c>riage to convey him to 8    
f9al de/9ation4 ,no vehicle 0 to be     
obta9$ at ! great c>avans>y1 & he 0     
va9ly endeavor+ to h at lea/ a note     
despat*$ to our address1 :5 ! arti/1 :o 
_h meantime f9i%$ 8 sket* & desc5d$ !   
,nor? ,m\nta9 on 8 way home1 ent]$ !    
(fice4 ,he 0 we>y f a toilsome walk "u  
heavy trapp+s1 b he>+ a fell[ mortal 9  
di/ress1 & p>tially le>n+ ! cause1 8    
habitual k9dness ( he>t induc$ him to   
say to ! /rang] t he 0 ab\t to walk ov] 
to ! ,laurel ,h\se1 & w\ld lead ! way1  
if he *ose to foll[4 ,! pr(essor1       
despair+ ( 8 ability to make any m      
com=table arrangem5t1 accept$ ! (f]1 &  

prep>$ to foll[ 8 guide4  ',our =eign   
visitor 0 a tall1 a?letic man1 ) a noble
 =ehead & pi]c+ black eyes4 ,8 attire 0 
irreproa*ably neat1 8 pat5t-lea!r boots 
r ?9 = s r\gh a walk1 especially z he 0 
j !n mu* out ( heal?1 & he c>ri$ a heavy
 basket ( fruit1 :i* he _h k9dly br\ght 
f a tropical clime to give pleasure to 8
 fri5ds4 ,he add$ to a g5]\s &          
affectionate disposition pr(\nd le>n+ 9 
languages1 sci5ce1 & philosophy1 & 0 a  
devot$ patriot & lov] ( lib]ty4 ,he _h1 
h[ev]1 l&$ 9 ,new ,york dur+ ! t]rible  
riots ( la/ summ]1 & _h h5ce imbib$ no v
 exalt$ idea ( ! ord]l9ess ( our        
population4 ,he 0 ( c\rse totally unaw>e
 ( ! frank confid5ce plac$ by man 9 8   
bro!r man among our ,nor!rn m\nta9s4    
',:5 ! outside door 0 rea*$1 ! arti/    
paus$ to ga!r toge!r 8 po9t$ /aff1      
sket*+ box1 & o!r traps4 ,^! implem5ts 7
 evid5tly n famili> objects 9 !         
pr(essor's exp]i5ce1 z he suppos$ !y    
might be "p ( ! ge> ( a p$dl]1 & h5ce   
conceiv$ a c]ta9 di/ru/ ( 8 guide4 ,!   

arti/ 0 tall & h&some1 ) a vigor\s      
frame1 a long1 wav+ be>d1 a sl\*$ hat1 &
 g>m5ts r ! worse = mu* exposure to !   
suns1 w9ds1 & ra9s ( a summ] sp5t 9 !   
op5 air4 ,"o :o did n exam9e ! cle> eyes
 ray+ ! ess5ce ( tru?1 & ! high-cut     
features be>+ ! unmi/akable impress (   
manly honor1 might p]haps h err$ ) !    
/rang]1 & h suppos$ x possible t '! man'
 7z ! pr(essor inv>iably call$ 8 guide  
:5 he relat$ ! adv5ture7 might be a     
brig& int5t ^u lur+ travell]s into      
byways = s9i/] purposes4 ,?is idea 0    
/r5g!n$ by ! "* ( ! pa?way *os5 by !    
arti/ z ! %orte/ r\te betwe5 ! two      
hotels4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh a d5se =e/1 & 0  
ankle deep 9 wat]4 ,fall5 trunks lay    
across its s9u\s track1 & no s\nd save a
 twitt]+ bird or crackl+ bran* broke !  
sil5ce ( ! rugg$1 lonely way4 ,! active 
guide /rode on f /one to /one1 return+  
%ort answ]s to 8 companion1 ^: d\bts    
began to take ! =m ( que/ions z to '!   
man's' k ( ! road1 & ! c]ta9ty ( f9d+ ! 
,laurel ,h\se at ! end ( ?is w-o'-!-wisp

 j\rney4 ,we>9ess f a long day's walk & 
"w1 & ! dawn+ p]ception ( ! /rang]'s    
suspicions1 7 n calculat$ to induce a v 
bl& frame ( m9d or tone ( mann]1 & !    
replies receiv$ confirm$ ! pr(essor's   
det]m9ation to keep a wat*ful eye ^u 8  
lead]4 ,he fell beh9d a few paces1 &    
prep>$ 8 only weapon1 a /rong p5knife1 9
 case ! enemy %\ld sudd5ly turn ^u him1 
meantime consol+ himself t1 %\ld matt]s 
culm9ate 9 a h&-to-h& fight1 he 0 r !   
/\t] & heavi] man ( ! two4 ,! ?9 boots  
_h soon be5 saturat$ ) wat]1 ! basket ( 
fruit grew heavi] & heavi]1 & ! way     
seem$ int]m9able4 ,! guide1 n[ fully    
awake to ! absurdity ( ! situation1 &   
p]haps z mu* provok$ z amus$1 /rode     
rapidly on1 &1 at a =k 9 ! pa?way1      
mom5t>ily /ruck into a wrong r\te4 ,he 0
 =c$ to retrace a few paces1 & !        
/rang]'s dismay 0 n[ complete--! way 0  
surely lo/1 & a night 9 ! damp wood !   
lea/ evil to be anticipat$4  ',a wide   
mead[ 0 soon aft] rea*$1 b no sign (    
human habitation greet$ ! long+ eyes ( !

 expectant travell]4 ,ano!r b& ( woodl& 
0 ent]$1 & a des]t$ *>coal hut = a mom5t
 *e]$ ! he>t & !n da%$ ! hopes ( our    
we>y fri5d4 ,! woodl& cross$1 an op5    
field & a *e]y f>mh\se broke ^u 8 view4 
,suff]+ ! arti/ to ha/5 on1 he eag]ly   
b5t 8 /eps to ! f>mh\se door1 & !re     
inquir$ conc]n+ ! way to ! ,laurel      
,h\se4 ,he 0 9 fact r surpris$ to le>n t
 he 0 on ! direct r\te1 & n[ n f> away4 
,n>r[ly escap+ ! fangs ( a cross dog1 he
 hurri$ on1 & ov]took ! n[ ?or\ghly     
amus$ arti/ be=e ! latt] rea*$ !        
long-expect$ ,laurel ,h\se4 ,t goal won1
 ! two g5tlem5 ent]$ ! (fice1 &1 z ! re/
 ( ! family 7 out walk+1 ! pr(essor s5t 
to me ! note already prep>$ at ! ,m\nta9
 ,h\se4 ,n kn[+ t he _h himself br\ght  
x1 ,i w5t into ! b> room1 :]e ! fir/    
p]son ,i saw 0 ! arti/4 ,i gave him z   
usual a cordial greet+1 notic+ 8        
travel-/a9$ appe>ance z be>+ honorable  
evid5ce to a good day's "w1 & said ,i _h
 come to ord] a c>riage = a =eign fri5d 
j arriv$ at ! o!r hotel4 ,! arti/ ask$ a

 "q or two1 !n said he presum$ he _h    
br\ght ov] ! v g5tleman1 &1 ) a         
quizzical expression1 (f]$ to introduce 
me4 ,! pr(essor meantime _h be5 wat*+ ! 
int]view ) "s surprise4 ,he recogniz$ me
 f my resemblance to o!r memb]s ( my    
family kn[n to him1 & wond]$ to see '!  
man' s high 9 my e/eem4 ,he aft]w>d     
rem>k$ t he _h ?\ght x /range t :5 he   
invit$ '! man' to a jo9t pun* at ! b>   
c\nt]1 ! /rang] %\ld h drawn =? a two   
%ill+ note1 & insi/$ ^u pay+ ! :ole     
scot4 ,night 0 rapidly approa*+1 & !    
arti/ ha/5$ d[n ! gl5 :ile ! summ]      
twilight might s]ve to illum9ate !      
some:at intricate way4  ',bur/s (       
laught] greet$ ! comical recital ( !    
adv5ture z good-natur$ly giv5 by !      
pr(essor4 ,! only drawback ^u our mir? 0
 ! fe> le/ wet feet & ov] fatigue might 
p]haps h increas$ 8 malady4'  ',y see   
n[1' said ,aunt ,s>ah1 ) an om9\s %ake (
 ! head1 'if y w g to su* =lorn1 wild   
places1 :at may be expect$ to happ54 ,_h
 ,i be5 9 y\r fri5d's place1 ,i %\ld    

nev] h =giv5 y = caus+ me su* an        
uncom=table1 &1 9 "o s5se1 dang]\s      
walk4'  ',oh yes1 y w\ld1' cri$ ,elsie2 
'! remembrance w\ld h add$ a ze/ to !   
monotony ( y\r e-day life1 y w\ld nev]  
will+ly h resign$4'  ',i presume1 !n1   
,elsie1 y also h _h adv5tures8'  ',h ,i 
n8' repli$ ,elsie2 'f ! "y ,s\!rn] :o   
in=m$ me he w\ld l ! m\nta9s v mu* if ! 
roads 7 n s t]ribly up & d[n1 to !      
infuriat$ bull t took especial (f5ce at 
my :ite umbrella1 & came *>g+ t[>d me1 )
 fla%+ eyeballs1 horns te>+ up ! sod1 & 
ho(s ?reat5+ a leap ov] a l[ /one wall1 
! only b>ri] divid+ u4'  ',i suppose y  
call t pleasure1 too6' said ,aunt ,s>ah4
 ',well1 ,i mu/ confess ,i am m my/ifi$ 
?an ev]4'  ',i presume1 ,aunt ,s>ah1 y  
c\ld z little appreciate ! attractions  
to be f\nd 9 a walk ( ov] tw5ty miles 9 
t5 h\rs8'  ',v well = m51 my de> ,elsie1
 b ,i ?9k su* excursions sc>cely fitt+ =
 ladies1 especially = "y & pretty ones4 
,"o ( ,lucy's wild-goose *ases1 ,i d\bt 
n6 ,h[ev]1 ,i am q ready to li/5 to y\r 

exp]i5ce4'  ',"o morn+1 at n9e o'clock1 
,lucy & ,i left ! ,laurel ,h\se1 int5d+ 
to visit ! valley ( ! ,ea/ ,kill1 a f9e 
tr\t /ream t rises ne> ! ,nor? ,m\nta91 
& fl[s into ! ,s*oh>ie4 ,! fir/ ?ree    
miles be+ well-kn[n gr\nd1 we pref]r$ to
 drive1 b left ! little c>riage on !    
/ony road to ,ea/ ,jewett1 soon aft] t  
road bran*es f ! ma9 ,clove /age r\te4  
,! day 0 magnific5t1 & ! view f !       
fir-g>l&$ sides ( ! ,p>k] ,m\nta9 novel 
& bewit*+4 ,! ,nor? & ,s\? ,m\nta9s1    
,r\nd ,top1 ! jagg$ peaks b\nd+ !       
,plattekill ,clove1 ! n>r[ cleft ( !    
,/ony ,clove1 & ! t]rac$ slope ( ,clum's
 ,hill swept across ! horizon ba!d 9 a  
s(t ,septemb] %imm]4 ,a few birds 7 /ill
 pip+1 gold5 rods & purple a/]s light$  
up ! wayside1 & lusci\s blackb]ries1    
l>ge z ,lawtons1 hung 9 great clu/]s1 f 
:i* no mortal h& _h z yet pluck$ a s+le 
b]ry4 ,!re !y grew all = u & ! birds1 & 
y may be sure we enjoy$ ?is fea/ s      
lavi%ly spread 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! cr[n ( 
! hill pass$1 we left ! lovely view     

beh9d1 & began ! desc5t into ! valley ( 
! ,ea/ ,kill4 ,! =e/ gr[? 0 "h d5se & ( 
v>i\s species1 & ! road1 al?\gh solit>y1
 app>5tly well worn4 ,an om9\s ru/l+    
among ! trees 0 ! only s\nd we he>d     
until we aga9 rea*$ ! op5 c\ntry1 :]e a 
m>ket c>t1 driv5 by a woman1 assur$ u ( 
"s ne> habitation4 ,a long1 brok5 valley
 lies betwe5 ! hills bord]+ ! ,s*oh>ie1 
& ! riv] range1 & conta9s ! settlem5ts (
 ,ea/ ,jewett1 ,big ,holl[1 & ,w9dham   
,c5tre4 ,ne> ! fir/-nam$ place 7a       
scatt]$ collection ( f>mh\ses71 we /ruck
 ! ,ea/ ,kill1 & began to foll[ x up    
t[>d its s\rce4 ,x is a cle>1 rapid     
/ream1 & we did n wond] ! tr\t /ill lov$
 to l+] 9 its cool wat]s4 ,on a ru/ic   
bridge we sat d[n & ate our simple lun* 
( g+]bread1 crack]s1 plums1 & almonds4  
,! sun 0 9 ! m]idian1 & c\nsell$ return1
 b curiosity l$ u on to fur!r           
explorations4  ',! w9d+ road cross$ &   
re-cross$ ! /ream4 ,x 0 bord]$ by l(ty  
summits1 & l$ ?r\gh _m a cle>+ & pa/ _m 
a f>mh\se4 ,at "o ( ^! we met a man hiv+

 sw>ms ( bees4 ,he liv$ bel[1 & told u  
we 7 eight miles f ,cairo1 a t[n ne> !  
ea/]n foot ( ! ,catskills4 ,! fri5dly   
mi/ress ( ! cottage in=m$ u t ! pass at 
! summit 0 only ?ree miles di/ant1 & we 
h5ce conclud$ to return home by desc5d+ 
! ea/]n slope ( ! m\nta9s1 cross+ ! l[] 
portion ( ! int]v5+ spur1 & reasc5d+ by 
! ,m\nta9 ,h\se road4 ,m\nta9 miles are 
prov]bial = _! l5g?1 & s we f\nd !m1 z  
we w&]$ on until civilization & ! la/   
good piece ( road 0 left beh9d at a l>ge
 /eam sawmill4 ,our way n[ skirt$ ! ne> 
hills1 & pass$ ?r\gh an upl& bog (      
app>5tly int]m9able wid?4 ,=tunately1 ! 
la/ few weeks _h be5 comp>atively dry1 &
 h5ce x 0 possible to make "o's way by  
spr++ f clump to clump ( rank grass1 or 
m frequ5tly f hurdle to hurdle1 z long  
/ret*es ( half-decay$ bran*es cov]$ !   
p>tially hidd5 quagmire4 ,! air _h      
become close1 ! sun hot2 a d5se1 l[ gr[?
 ( wood %ut 9 ! devi\s way2 desolation &
 neglect m>k$ ! environs1 & we 7 by no  
means sure we 7 on ! "r road4 ,ev5 ,lucy

 began to d\bt ! prud5ce & f9al success 
( ! exp$ition4 ,a v suspici\s           
circum/ance 0 ! fact t ?is road1 by :i* 
we expect$ to cross ! m\nta9 top1 _h    
lately made v little ( an asc5t4  ',at  
l5g? a fre%1 cool breeze began to fan   
our *eeks1 su* a breeze z is nev] felt  
except ^u m\nta9 heights1 & /eep piles (
 rock rose ^u our left4 ,! road _h      
%ortly be=e become h>d & dry1 &1 z x n[ 
comm5c$ to desc5d1 we c\ld n d\bt !     
summit ( ! pass 0 rea*$4 ,f9e trees1    
h[ev]1 s closely hemm$ u 9 t we c\ld see
 no?+ beyond1 & n until we 7 "s di/ance 
d[n1 did we come to an op5+ :5ce ! l[]  
c\ntry 0 visible1 ) ! ,b]k%ire hills1 ! 
riv]1 ! city ( ,hudson directly         
opposite1 & ,kiskatom ,r\nd ,top ly+ to 
our "r4 ,we ex*ang$ glances1 = we knew  
some?+ ( ! di/ance signifi$ by ?is      
situation ( l&m>ks4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no?+  
to be done except to press on1 :i* we   
did1 d[n a road at fir/ en*ant+1 b      
f9ally dete/able1 :]e x _h be5 neglect$1
 & _h become ! rocky b$ ( a /ream !n    

dry4 ,we c\ld fancy x 9 ! spr+1 at !    
melt+ ( ! sn[s1 ) ! wild wat] da%+ d[n !
 /eep pa?way1 & ! :ite foam gleam+ &    
glitt]+1 z a newly ris5 ,und9e1 9 !     
sight ( ! a/oni%$1 f>-(f behold]s4      
',lovely vi/as ov] ! roll+ l&s b5ea?1 & 
up to ! m\nta9s we 7 leav+ beh9d1 *>m$  
away fatigue1 & made ! way l fairyl&4   
,ne> ! fir/ cottage we aga9 sat d[n to  
re/ & consid] our r\te4 ,we hop$ to f9d 
"s ne> wood road lead+ ov] ! wide base (
 ! ,nor? ,m\nta9 into ! ,m\nta9 ,h\se   
road2 b nev] a wood road 0 to be se54   
,on & on we walk$1 desc5d+ l[] & l[]    
into ! valley1 & com+ ne>] & ne>] to    
,kiskatom ,r\nd ,top4 ,at a turn 9 ! way
 we ask$ a p>ty ( c>p5t]s work+ on a    
h\se1 if ?is 0 ! "r r\te to ! ,m\nta9   
,h\se tollgate4 ,"s laugh$1 all />$1 &  
"o answ]$1 ',yes4' ,on & on we plodd$   
along a du/y highway1 till we rea*$ a   
h\se by a brook1 ) ducks & geese1 a g>d5
 fill$ ) autumn fl[]s1 & a pleasant old 
lady sitt+ ne> ! door4 ,%e also op5$ h] 
eyes at our "q1 & said ! di/ance to !   

tollgate 0 eight miles4 ,eight miles to 
! gate1 ?ree !nce up ! /eep m\nta91 & !n
 aga9 two to ! ,laurel ,h\se6 ,?is1 add$
 to ! _m miles we _h already walk$1 & ! 
lat5ess ( ! h\r1 0 inde$ al>m+4 ,%e     
add$1 we might obta9 full] in=mation at 
a r$ f>mh\se to be f\nd "s di/ance on4  
,aga9 we walk$ & walk$1 pass+ ?r\gh a   
wild region1 ,kiskatom ,r\nd ,top       
cont9ually mo/ provok+ly ne>1 ! road    
evid5tly lead+ due ea/1 & s9k+ l[] & l[]
 t[>d ! riv]4 ,at ! end ( two or ?ree   
miles we rea*$ ! r$ f>mh\se1 & 7 glad to
 re/ 9 a neat sitt+ room1 ) a *e]ful    
woman & two bright1 h&some *ildr54 ,!   
h>ve/ "w be+ ne>ly done1 ! husb& 0 abs5t
 on a day's hunt1 b ! ag$ fa!r 0 soon   
call$ 9 to give u ! desir$ in=mation4 ,!
 di/ance to ! tollgate 0 only two miles1
 & :ile ! boy made ready ! team to take 
u ov]1 ! hone/1 intellig5t f>m] gave u a
 few sket*es f 8 life hi/ory4 ,8 daught]
 wi%$ him to don 8 bett] coat1 b he     
repli$ t he _h nev] be5 able to ?9k t   
clo!s c\ld make or unmake a g5tleman4   

,he also obs]v$ t e>ly adv]sity _h be5 !
 greate/ boon he _h ev] receiv$1 z1 _h  
he nev] fail$ 9 8 city trad+ projects1  
he nev] w\ld h come to ! c\ntry1 or h   
enjoy$ 8 pres5t heal? & happ9ess4 ,he 0 
a good patriot1 & eag]ly ask$ ! late/   
news ( ! w>4 ,he _h also pleasant       
rem9isc5ces to relate ( a ,c>ol9a       
,s5ator1 :o1 ) 8 family1 _h "o summ]    
b5ea? 8 ro( s\ght heal? & /r5g? "u !    
%ad[ ( ! ,catskills4  ',a lively lad &  
fleet team soon plac$ u at ! gate1 :i* !
 /age f ! boat 0 j pass+4 ,! little re/ 
& drive _h greatly invigorat$ u1 & we   
bravely pu%$ on to ! summit1 out/ripp+ !
 heavy coa*1 & rea*+ ! top ( ! m\nta9 j 
z ! r$ rays ( ! sett+ sun 7 flu%+ !     
hills ) crimson4 ,! h\r 0 too late to   
risk ! d>k pa? ?r\gh ! wood1 & we       
cont9u$ ^u ! ma9 highway1 mak+ b "o     
deviation d[n a /ony road1 & ov] ,spruce
 ,creek1 until we rea*$ ! ,laurel ,h\se1
 :]e ! twilight 0 /ill l+]+1 & :]e we   
f\nd our fri5ds a little anxi\s4'  ',i d
 n wond]1' said ,aunt ,s>ah4 ',su*      

vag>ies are en\gh to keep a :ole        
h\sehold 9 a *ronic /ate ( anxiety4 ,&  
,i really _c see :at y _h ga9$6'  ',i h 
only giv5 y a simple /atem5t ( ! facts1'
 repli$ ,elsie2 'to "k our feel+s by !  
way1 ! delight we exp]i5c$1 all we      
le>n$1 includ+ geography & topography1 &
 ! life & heal? we drank 9 at e /ep1 y  
mu/ take t v same walk4'  ',m           
inscrutable my/]ies6' return$ ,aunt     
,s>ah4  ',yes1' said ,lucy ,d----1      
'inscrutable1 & yet subtilely vivify+ z 
! brea? ( _! ,au?or1 ! ,great ,ar*itect 
( ?is glori\s univ]se4'     ,,our       
,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,! ,,blacks4   ,all     
?\ghtful m9ds are pr(\ndly consci\s t ! 
problems ( w> are n ! la/ & mo/         
important to be solv$ 9 our national    
affairs4 ,x is cle> en\gh t ?is great   
convulsion mu/ end2 & end1 too1 9 !     
total ext9ction ( t /up5d\s sy/em (     
iniquity 9 ! int]e/s ( :i* x 0 project$4
 ,presid5t ,l9coln's ,proclamation (    
emancipation ?r\gh\t rebeldom1 & ! rec5t
 ord] to enli/ ! slaves ?r\gh\t ! ,bord]

 ,/ates 9 milit>y s]vice to ! ,gov]nm5t1
 emancipat+ all ?us enli/$1 :e!r slaves 
( loyal or disloyal ma/]s1 ) ! c]ta9ty t
 !re is to be no cessation to ! gr&     
a*ievem5ts ( our arms %ort ( ! complete/
 success1 all conspire to assure u t !  
dreadful disord] hi!rto consum+ our     
national vitals is to pass f9ally away 9
 ! convulsive disease ( its la/ ?roes1 s
 di/ress+ to u all4 ,x be+ ?us c]ta9 t  
?is consecrat$ crime is to be dismantl$1
 di%onor$1 & ab&on$ =ev]1 ! "q is =c$ ^u
 u3 ',:at is to be done ) ! negroes8'   
,"s f\r millions ( human be+s1 doom$ to 
remorseless s]vitude1 d5i$ ! /atic =ce (
 social law1 =bidd5 by positive law !   
rights ( education1 ?r\gh :i* alone are 
atta9$ ! culture & ref9em5t ( real      
manhood--^! are ! 'fre$m5' j em]g+ f !  
mo/ insignificant nonage to ! sublime   
p]sonality ( citiz5%ip 9 a ,gov]nm5t ( !
 p4 ,su* be+ practically _! attitude1   
:at are ! real dem&s & ne$s 9 ! case8   
,reput$ /atesm51 j\rnali/s1 public      
speak]s1 & politicians are all ready    

en\gh to det]m9e ! matt]4 ',let !m      
alone1' say !y4 ',!y are ne$$ :]e !y    
are2 & ! respective wants ( capital &   
labor w regulate ! int]c\rse betwe5 ^!  
simple & uncultur$ p & ! p[]ful & %rewd 
m5 :o h5ce=? are to buy _! s]vice4'     
,su*1 9 our humble op9ion1 is n ! wisdom
 ( s\nd1 heal?y /atesman%ip4 ,let u see4
  ,we _c get a complete h&l+ ( ?is matt]
 )\t fir/ det]m9+ ! purpose & "* (      
gov]nm5t z a pr9ciple2 & we _c det]m9e  
?is )\t a cle> und]/&+ ( ! laws ( !     
human m9d 9 its hi/oric evolution4 ,we  
mu/ und]/&1 !n1 t gov]nm5t is           
legitimately only an in/itution 9 !     
s]vice ( univ]sal man4 ,x is subjective1
 m9i/]ial1 in/rum5tal always ways2 aim+ 
only at ! int]e/s ( ! gov]n$2 else x    
conta9s an elem5t ho/ile to ! ,div9e    
ord] t peacefully directs all movem5t1 &
 mu/ !re=e be di/urb$ ) a commotion t w 
ei!r re/ore or de/roy x4  ,we may n     
h]eupon assume t gov]nm5t mu/ necess>ily
 assume only "o =m2 =1 be+ ?us subs]vi5t
 to human use1 to manly culture1 to     

complete social /ate1 x mu/ infallibly  
assume =ms precisely proportion$ to !   
human conditions to :i* appli$2 h5ce1 we
 mu/ und]/& ! laws ( ! human m9d1 :i*   
display its v>i$ conditions 9 ! c\rse ( 
its evolution f infancy to manhood1 be=e
 we c h a cle>1 sci5tific conception ( !
 pr9ciples1 op]ations1 & organic =ms (  
human gov]nm5t4 ,let u1 !n1 inquire     
briefly z to ^! laws4  ,h]eupon we f9d !
 m5tal conditions ( ! ,gr& ,man--! human
 race at l>ge--precisely analog\s to ^? 
( ! small man--! individual p]son4 ,& by
 exhibit+ ! m5tal conditions ) pr9ciples
 ( gov]nm5t prop]ly relat$1 :i* rule 9  
"o sph]e1 we infallibly pres5t !        
correspond+ conditions & =ms 9 ! o!r    
sph]e4  ,! human m9d1 !n1 is a ?ree-fold
 =m1 ea* fold hav+ its own di/9ct "*1 9 
consequ5ce ( :i* x is broadly & v       
def9itely individualiz$4 ,*ildhood1     
y\?hood1 & manhood1 con/itute ?is triple
 =m4 ,! slighte/ consid]ation w readily 
confirm "o z to ! propriety ( ?is       
analysis2 =1 "o _c fail to see t !      

di/9ct *>act]i/ics ( ea* are broad &    
m>k$1 & !re=e necess>ily discrim9ate to 
any complet5ess ( ?\ght ^u ?is subject4 
,*ildhood is a =m ( total inexp]i5ce &  
unlimit$ dep5d5ce4 ,y\?hood is a =m (   
gr[? f ! helplessness ( ! *ild to !     
/r5g? & complet5ess ( ! man2 involv+ !  
trials ( exp]im5tal endeavor1 att5d$ ) !
 num]\s buffs & rebuffs s surely !      
witness ( vital ef=ts t[>d fulness4     
,manhood is ! =m ( fulness1 complet5ess1
 maturity4 ,x is ! =m ( lusci\s juices  
ultimat$ 9 ! p]fectly r\nd$ & gl[+      
fruitage2 juices t press$ ! t5d] bud    
into ! ?\s& *>ms ( floral beauty1 & !nce
 m\ld$ & urg$ ! gr[+ =m to its cr[n+    
excell5ce4  ,*ildhood1 !re=e1 is a =m 9 
:i* activities are comm&$ f )\t2 z !    
p>5t comm&s ! *ild1 kn[+ t ! *ild's be/ 
int]e/s--! ultimate realization ( true1 
manly fre$om--are only to be realiz$    
?r\gh su* arbitr>y tutelage4 ,y\?hood is
 a =m ( rational fre$om1 :]e9 !         
subject's moral fre$om is /imulat$ "u   
v>i\s =ms ( appeal 9 behalf ( "r do+4   

,"h ! c>eful p>5t keeps ! re9s firmly 9 
h&1 b /ill slack5s !m to all[ ! plung+  
/e$ to det]m9e 8 own c>e]2 ov]joy$ if he
 *oose rightly & make 8 c\rse ) vigor & 
safety2 sad & anxi\s if =c$ to draw re9 
& urge anew ! prop] direction4 ,x is    
evid5t t ! subject's activities "h are  
p>tly self-det]m9$ or free1 & p>tly     
co]c$ or outw>dly impos$4  ,manhood is a
 =m t repudiates all me?ods ( ext]nal   
appliances1 scales ! b\nds ( p>5tal     
dictation1 & f9ds only life's fulness 9 
a fre$om all agl[ ) ! s\l's adoration4  
,x kn[s no law b t ( attraction2 feels  
no impulse b t ( love4 ,its activities  
are p]fectly free or spontane\s4 ,!     
human m9d ?us fall+ "u ?is triple ord] (
 developm5t1 inevitably projects        
gov]nm5tal =ms /rictly proportion$ or   
relat$ !reto4 ,& ?is is true reg>d+ any 
( its organiz$ =ms1 f ! individual to ! 
human race at l>ge3 h5ce ! infantile    
condition ( a p or a nation dem&s a     
p]fectly absolute1 arbitr>y1 or comm&+  
=m ( gov]nm5t2 :ile ! y\?ful condition  

dem&s a mix$ =m2 :]e9 ! rul$ are p>tly  
free or self-det]m9$1 & p>tly subject or
 direct$ by ! reign+ au?ority2 & ! manly
 condition dem&s a sy/em ( pure         
self-gov]nm5t1 :]e9 ! law is writt5 on !
 he>t4  ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t gov]nm5t
 is solely in/rum5tal or m9i/]ial to    
human use2 be+ design$ to m\ld & fa%ion 
unfold+ human p[]s to high] & /ill high]
 social conditions1 t5d+ all to t p]fect
 ultimate :]e9 life & law are bo?       
spontane\s & exactly balanc$1 & no?+    
detrim5tal to ! de>e/ int]e/s ( manhood 
c by possibility exi/4  ,gov]nm5t1 !n1 (
 :atev] k9d1 mu/ always be adm9i/]$ )   
/rict reg>d = ! int]e/s ( ! gov]n$2 & x 
is ! endeavor to subv]t & ov]come ?is   
legitimate pr9ciple ( gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh ! 
mi/ak5 selfi%ness ( rul+ p[]s1 :i*      
attempt to adm9i/] 9 behalf ( _! own    
lu/s & 9 violation ( univ]sal ends1 :i* 
has kept & is keep+ up n[ ! convulsions 
t %ake & try civil in/itutions to _!    
utmo/4  ,! !ory or decl>atory =m ( our  
,gov]nm5t /&s out1 boldly & di/9ctly1 z 

t ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,9 !ory x is ! =m    
proportionate to full manhood2 plant+ & 
fo/]+ in/itutions t5d+ to promote ! free
 play ( all t is great & glori\s 9 human
 "*4 ,x does n ?us f> practically       
realize its !ory1 because1 )\t reg>d to 
?is incongru\s sy/em ( inhumanity1 :i*1 
by its v nature1 c f9d no h>mony nor    
peace 9 connection1 nations !mselves we>
 ! human =m1 & mu/1 !re=e1 realize !    
v>i\s /ates ( infancy1 y\?fulness1 &    
manhood--( g]m1 gr[?1 & fruitage4 ,?is  
is true ( :atev] national =m4           
,nationalities f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciples (   
absolutism1 embody & express ! same laws
 & conditions4 ,_! pr9ciple ( supreme   
ext]nal au?ority is fir/ a condition (  
g]m9ation1 !n ( gr[? or labor$ ef=t t[>d
 maturity1 & la/ly ( fruitage1 9 :i* !  
:ole =m is matur$ 9 p]fectly organic    
complet5ess1 manife/+ despotism 9       
gov]nm5t1 9 ord]ly or sci5tific         
proportions4  ,our nation1 !n1 has n    
realiz$ its highe/ conditions1 because x
 is z yet only g]m9al1 or ! national    

*ild-man2 or1 at be/1 is b ! vigor\s    
blade1 or national y\?-man2 :ile ! corn1
 fully ripe 9 ! e>--! national          
man-man--is res]v$ unto ! glory ( !     
approa*+ future1 ^: rays already dawn ^u
 u & illu/rate ! cl\ds1 t h hi!rto hung 
ov] u & d>k5$ our way1 ) ! p[] & great  
glory ( ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man4  ,let u 
n[ try to draw ne>] to ! m>k at :i* we  
pr9cipally aim$ 9 project+ ?is article4 
,we said t ! 'let-!m-alone' sy/em1      
conc]n+ ! nation's 'fre$m51' is n !     
sy/em ( s\nd /atesman%ip4 ,:y n8        
,because !y are a p 9 a /ate ( infantile
 weakness & inexp]i5ce2 :om1 f !        
irrepressible laws & conditions ( !     
human m9d1 we mu/ gov]n & control1 ei!r 
wisely & b5efic5tly or o!rwise4 ,to     
unloose ! *a9s t h b\nd !m1 & set !m    
adrift to cont5d & compete "u our me?ods
 ( individualism or isolat$ int]e/s1 is 
to doom !m to conditions h>dly to be    
pref]r$ to ^? f :i* !y are ab\t to      
escape4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true ) respect  
to a l>ge majority4 ,witness ! /ate (   

our weake/ :ite labor]s1 p>ticul>ly 9   
all our l>ge cities1 & "s few ye>s back4
 ,see !m by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s implor+ 
= employm5t1 & only too happy if !y may 
f9d x at ! mo/ repulsive & un:olesome   
labor1 suffici5t to /ay _! fami%$ frames
 & adj\rn = a "t ! pangs ( hung] &      
fro/s4 ,driv5 9 despair+ hordes to      
begg>y1 pro/itution1 & crimes ( e k9d1  
h[ fe>fully ?reat5+ are ! neglect$      
duties & obligations t confront u 9 _!  
behalf6 ,:at1 !n1 %all we say to ^? :o  
propose to swell ! frightful tide by    
turn+ loose millions m1 weak] & m       
incompet5t1 x may be1 besides be+       
subject to ! evils ( ! reign+ prejudices
 aga9/ color8 ,no1 no2 x mu/ n be done4 
,! ,gov]nm5t mu/ become ! visible       
provid5ce ( ^! weak *ildr54 ,x mu/      
organize & direct _! ef=ts & int]e/s4 ,x
 mu/1 at lea/1 organize !m into         
indu/rial legions1 & c>efully direct all
 _! educational int]e/s4 ,?is "w1 too1  
mu/ assume pat]nal =m4 ,gov]nm5t is     
rightfully ! fo/] p>5t ( all its t5d]1  

weak1 or by any means incompet5t *ildr52
 & unless x ackn[l$ge & fulfil its      
functions z su*1 x is n ,div9ely        
adm9i/]$1 & /&s acc\ntable be=e ,supreme
 ,wisdom = all remissness4 ,to meet all 
! dem&s1 an especial commission mu/ be  
e/abli%$1 & organiz$ ) a complet5ess t w
 meet all ! educational & indu/rial ne$s
 ( ^! dep5d5t *ildr54 ,?is commission   
mu/ h a wise head & t5d] he>t4 ,x mu/ be
 fully alive to ! great issues involv$1 
& mu/ be heal?y & vigor\s 9 its         
extremities1 :]e w come ! imm$iate po9ts
 ( contact )1 ! great p[] x is to       
op]ate--! organiz$ fre$m54 ,! exp5se (  
?is commission mu/ n be a tax ^u !      
,gov]nm5t1 nor mu/ ,gov]nm5t d]ive any  
pr(it !refrom4 ,su* an organiz$         
directory1 ) extremities all complete1  
may be amply paid f ! fre$m5's labors2  
at ! same "t1 ^? labors be+ d\bly       
remun]ative to !mselves1 9 consequ5ce ( 
! wise adju/m5t ( ! organiz$ ma*9]y (   
su* a commission4 ,= ! weak & un$ucat$  
to be 9 complete subjection to ! /rong] 

& m cultivat$ is 9 /rict accordance ) ! 
div9e/ ord]2 only ?is relation mu/ be t 
( dep5d5ce & provid5ce1 )\t a ta9t (    
selfi%ness4 ,x mu/ be humanit>y or      
b5efic5t 9 its aims1 & n inhuman &      
malevol5t1 z is always ! case :5 ! weak 
are subject$ to di/+ui%1 aggr&ize1 &    
enri* ^? :o subject !m4 ,t ! fre$m5 may 
be organiz$ & direct$ ^u su* humane &   
economical pr9ciples & accord+ to !     
/ricte/ me?od & ord]--an ord] am\nt+ to 
def9ite sci5ce--w be practically        
demon/rat$ :5 ! ,gov]nm5t1 9 ! full     
consci\sness ( its mission1 calls to its
 aid compet5t m5 = ?is commission1 &    
moves vigor\sly 9 ! "w4 ,! pr9ciples (  
gov]nm5t :i* we h briefly sugge/$ z !   
basis ( movem5t 9 ?is matt]1 bas$ ^u !  
laws & consequ5tly apply+ to ! ne$s ( ! 
human m9d1 enable u infallibly to       
e/imate ! :ole relations ( ,gov]nm5t &  
p4 ,our ,gov]nm5t be+ 9 its !ory !      
highe/ =m--! =m proportion$ to manhood1 
or ! human m9d s matur$ z to h !        
intellig5ce to p]ceive & ! virtue to    

execute ! "r--proce$s1 ( c\rse1 ^u !    
decl>ation t 'all m5 are creat$ free &  
equal2' b 9 ! only practical s5se ( free
 or self-gov]nm5t1 :i*1 9 its v nature1 
c only re/ ^u ! virtue & intellig5ce (  
its subjects1 m5 _c be reg>d$ z 'creat$'
 until !y are made :ole or complete 9 ! 
cr[n+ intellig5ce & virtue ( ! l(tie/   
human attributes4 ,b z gov]nm5t1 (      
:atev] k9d1 foll[s ! laws ( ! human m9d1
 is fir/ a g]m1 !n a gr[?1 & !n a       
fruitage--%oot1 blade1 & e>--our        
,gov]nm5t c only realize ?is greatness &
 p]fection 7unlimit$ intellig5ce &      
virtue7 9 its matur$ or organic /ate2 :5
 ! decl>$ pr9ciples ( its =m %all h     
become liv+ly comb9$ or organiz$ 9      
in/itutions ( unlimit$ excell5ce &      
p[]--in/itutions t w p]petually embody &
 express ! exalt$ human =ce t inspir$   
!m4 ,t our ,gov]nm5t has ?us f> fail$ to
 exhibit su* complet5ess1 only argues t 
x has h]et(ore be5 9 a =mative          
condition--a condition ( labori\s trial1
 tuition1 & gr[?1 fitt+ x to realize    

ultimately its fullness1 :]e9 x w /&    
relat$ to previ\s conditions z ! gr&1   
symmetric beauty ( ! e> ( gra9 /&s      
relat$ to its v>i\s =mative /ates4  ,if 
n[ our ,gov]nm5t is1 z we fondly hope1  
approa*+ its ?ird degree1 its matur$    
condition1 ) a race ( dep5d5t *ildr5    
em]g+ f ! l[e/ condition1 t ( *attel    
slav]y1 x is pla9 en\gh :at ! relation (
 ^! p & ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld be4 ,!y are    
simply m9ors1 subjects ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 b 
n a "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! "r ( suffrage  
is n to be ext5d$ to !m1 because1 f !   
nature & _s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 !y are       
necess>ily exclud$ f ! highe/           
pr]ogatives ( citiz5%ip4 ,_! education &
 :ole tra9+ are to proce$ ) a view to _!
 becom+ ultimately a function 9 !       
gov]nm5t4  ,if ! pr9ciples ?us /at$     
am\nt to a sci5ce ( gov]nm5t--& we      
unhesitat+ly av] t !y d--!n x is cle>   
en\gh t self-gov]nm5t--! highe/ =m--does
 by no means necessitate1 "u all        
conditions1 univ]sal suffrage4 ,9 tru?1 
its ord]ly developm5t /rictly =bids x4  

,a gov]nm5t1 f\nd$ & only heal?ily      
op]at$ on virtue & intellig5ce1 mu/     
apply itself /udi\sly to develop ^!     
conditions 9 its subjects2 ?us1 & only  
?us1 may ^! subjects become a "p ( !    
gov]nm5tal p[] 9 its full1 h>moni\s     
developm5t4 ,self-gov]nm5t mu/ recognize
 ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal suffrage1 because
 x proce$s ^u1 &1 9 its ripe/ =m1 mu/   
come to t2 b1 z x is an op]ation or     
analytic be=e x is an ord]$ =m or       
syn!tic 9 its "*1 x w1 :ile =m+ or gr[+1
 bo? re/rict ! rights ( suffrage1 &     
p]mit its subjects to a "p 9 gov]nm5t :5
 !y are n fully qualifi$ !re=4 ,our     
fre$m51 !n1 are nei!r to be subject$    
contr>y to ! dem&s ( _! own highe/ good1
 nor are !y to become an elem5t 9       
gov]nm5t 9 detrim5t to ! public good4   
,h5ce !y mu/ n be controll$ 9 any =m (  
s]vitude to int]e/$ & selfi% sup]iors1  
nor mu/ !y1 by p>tak+ ( ! elective      
fran*ise1 become1 at pres5t1 active     
p>ticipants 9 ! gov]nm5t4  ,our curr5t  
national hi/ory mu/ be reg>d$ z s+ul>ly 

m>k$ by b5efic5t ,provid5tial design4   
,at ! same "t t a p hi!rto despis$ &    
oppress$ are emancipat$ f a dreadful    
?raldom1 ! conditions att5d+ su*        
emancipation are =c+ ^u ! nation a sy/em
 ( indu/rial organization :i* we tru/ w 
n only prove effective 9 all t p]ta9s to
 _! future welf>e1 b w1 at ! same "t1   
become ! example ( an organization t    
%all emancipate & en?rone labor ev]y:]e 
& 9 all conditions4 ,see+ ?us ! light ( 
day /ream+ 9 ) unm>r$ radiance1 dispell+
 e trace ( d>kness & gloom1 we _c b ?ank
 ,god = ,8 wise disp5sations1 & ) r5ew$ 
hope & en]gy press onw>d t[>d ! gl[+ ea/
 to greet ! ris+ sun4     ,,out ,,(     
,,prison4    ,f cr[ds t scorn ! m\nt+   
w+s1    ,! happy heights ( s\ls s]5e1   
,i w&] :]e ! blackbird s+s1   ,& ov]    
bubbl+1 %ad[y spr+s1    ,! bee*-leaves  
clu/]1 "y & gre54    ,i "k ! =e/'s      
*angeful tongue    ,t talke? all ! day )
 me3   ,i trill 9 e bobol9k's song1   ,&
 e brooklet be>s along    ,my greet+ to 
! *a9less sea6    ,! l\d w9d laughs1 !  

l[ w9d broods2    ,!re is no sorr[ 9 !  
/ra96   ,( all ! voices ( ! woods1   ,t 
haunt ^! h\seless solitudes1    ,n "o   
has any tone ( pa94    ,9 m]ry r\nd my  
days run free1    ,) sl5d] ?\ght =      
worldly ?+s3   ,a little toil suffice?  
me2   ,i live ! life ( bird & bee1      
,nor fret = :at ! morr[ br+s4    ,nor   
c>e1 nor age1 nor grief h ,i1    ,only a
 measureless cont5t6   ,s "t may creep1 
or "t may fly2   ,i reck n h[ ! ye>s g  
by1    ,) ,nature's y\? =ev] bl5t4      
,!y beckon me by day1 by night1    ,!   
bodiless elves t r\nd me play6   ,i so> 
& sail f height to height2   ,no mortal1
 b a ?+ ( light    ,z free f e>?ly clog 
z !y4    ,b :5 my feet1 unwill+1 tread  
,! cr[d$ walks ( busy m51   ,_! walls t 
close above my head   ,beat d[n my      
buoyant w+s outspread1    ,& ,i am b a  
man aga94    ,my pulses spurn ! n>r[    
b\nd6    ,! cold1 h>d glances give me   
pa96   ,i long = wild1 unmeasur$ gr\nd1 
,free w9ds t wake ! leaves to s\nd1     
,l[ ru/les ( ! summ] ra96    ,my s5ses  

loa! _! liv+ dea?--    ,! c(f9$ g>b !   
city we>s6   ,i draw ?r\gh sighs my     
heavy brea?1   ,& p9e till l5g?s ( wood 
& hea?    ,bl[ ov] me _! endless airs6  
,,lies1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,kill ,,!m4      
',i said1 9 my ha/e1 all m5 are         
li>s4'--,,k+ ,,david4       ',ye said x 
9 y\r ha/e1 did ye1 ,david8 ,he*1 mon1 7
 ye       leev9 n[1 ye might say x at   
y\r leisure4'--,,dom9ie                 
,mc,p,h,a,i,l4  ,! ,dom9ie 0 "r4 ,x's a 
ly+ _w4 ,x does n improve ) age ei!r4 ,!
 habit has become *ronic1 & ! wor/ ( all
 is1 t ! _w has told "s lies s (t51 t x 
actually n[ believes !m itself4 ,!      
wret*$ family propagates1 too1 at a     
t]rible rate4 ,lies bre$1 l o!r v]m91   
rapidly1 & !y are n at all mode/ ab\t   
intrud+ 9 any company4  ,i meet !m 9 !  
gossip+ circle1 & ,i meet !m 9 ! c\rts (
 ju/ice4 ,i f9d lies 9 politics & lies 9
 religion1 lies 9 ! pulpit1 'nail't wi' 
,scripture1' lies 9 ! c\nt+ room rail$ )
 false entries1 religi\s lies1 told by  
,deacon ,longface1 = ! advancem5t ( :at 

! ,deacon calls '! gospel1' & irreligi\s
 lies told by ,bill ,snooks1 & cl5*$ )  
an oa?1 lies 9 good books1 & lies 9 bad 
ones1 lies writt51 & pr9t$ 9 !          
newspap]s1 & lies :isp]$ 9 ! e>1 & any  
numb] ( lies s5t by telegraph6 ,& !n1   
!re's ! walk+ lies1 go+ ab\t on two     
legs1 say+ :at !y d n believe1 pr(ess+  
:at !y d n feel1 ! mo/ sc&al\s sort (   
lies extant4  ,i meet !m (t51 too1 9 '! 
be/ society4' ,!y are v impud5t1 y "k4  
,i suppose !y =ce _! pres5ce on p4 ,at  
all ev5ts1 ,i "k ,i f9d !m 9 respectable
 company1 & !y seem q at home !re4  ,my 
fri5d ,jones has j built :at ! newspap]s
 call 'an elegant mansion4' ,i 0 invit$ 
to ! h\se-w>m+4 ,mrs4 ,jones's set is v 
exclusive1 & ,i 0 greatly complim5t$1 ( 
c\rse4 ,i w5t4 ,jones has ta/e4 ,i      
notic$ ! pla/] walls4 ,jones _h !m      
color$ to m>ble4 ,! wa9scot+ ( ! libr>y 
0 p9e1 b ! p9e li$ itself into a        
passable walnut4 ,! fold+ doors ( !     
p>lor 7 p9e1 too1 :5 ,i came ne>4 ,!y   
pret5d$ to be solid oak :ile ,i /ood at 

! o!r end ( ! room4 ,jones _h succumb$  
to ! dem&s ( 8 "t1 & _h made 8 dwell+   
among lies4 ,8 'elegant mansion' 0 a    
big1 />+ lie f top to bottom4 ,f ! plat$
 door-knob to ! gra9$ rail+ r\nd ! g>ret
 /airs1 he _h 'made lies 8 refuge4' ,i 0
 bewild]$ t ev5+4 ,x 0 impossible to say
 :at 0 real4 ,miss ,s]aph9a ,jones _h a 
lovely color4 ,0 x done l ! fold+ doors8
 ,mrs4 ,smy! _h ! :ite/ ( tee? :5 %e    
smil$4 ,7 !y only a pret5ce at tee?8    
,mrs4 ,rob9son _h beautiful masses ( t  
*e/nut hair ar\nd h] h&some neck4 ,!    
bewild]+ 'mansion' ( my fri5d made me   
half d\bt ev5 t spl5did hair4 ,tom      
,h>ris's magnific5t :isk]s1 ,i knew1 7 n
 color$ by fancy to t dep? ( d>kness4   
,at la/ ,i actually began to d\bt !     
s9c]ity ( ev]ybody pres5t4 ,_! w>m      
expressions ( delight ) ,jones's new    
h\se1 _! pleasure 9 ea* o!r's society1  
_! e>ne/ inquiries aft] ea* o!r's       
welf>e1 all began to affect me ) a s5se 
( unreality1 ow+ to t masqu]ad+         
'mansion4' ,i began to ?9k1 9 su* a     

h\se1 !re might be m %ams ?an ! m>bl$   
pla/] or ! gra9$ p9e4  ,jones's *ur* is 
n bett]4 ,i occupi$ a seat 9 8 'eligible
 pew' la/ ,sunday4 ,! la? & pla/] walls 
pret5d$ to be ,ca5 /one4 ,! *eap deal 0 
all 'make-believe' oak4 ,! brick pill>s 
7 'block$ (f1' & unblu%+ly claim$ to be 
granite4 ,z ,i ent]$1 ,i obs]v$ t !     
pulpit /ood "u ! ar* ( a recess1 ro($ ) 
c>v$ /one1 ) clu/]$ columns ris+ on !   
sides & spread+ into graceful ar*es     
ov]head4 ,z ,i walk$ up ! broad aisle1 !
 recess %ift$ /rangely1 & ! clu/]$      
columns ( 'c>v5 /one' ran 9 & out1 at   
hide & seek4 ,at la/ ! tru? fla%$ on me4
 ,! *ancel 0 only pa9t$ on ! flat re>   
wall ( ! build+6 ,i don't "k :at ! s]mon
 0 ab\t4 ,x doesn't matt]4 ,h[ c\ld a   
man prea* tru?1 fram$ 9 su* a />+ lie8  
,i h no d\bt he tri$ to1 =1 ,i believe1 
he is an excell5t man2 b :at a place to 
put him1 ,sunday aft] ,sunday1 ) t pa9t$
 *eat beh9d him1 mock+ all he says6  ,b 
lies are v5]able z well z respectable4  
,!re are old1 gray lies t m5 half       

wor%ip4 ,! m too?less & drivell+1 (t5 ! 
m v5]able4 ,!y h impos$ _! solemn       
empt9ess on m5 = g5]ations4 ,!y h aw$ ! 
s\ls ( ! fa!rs4 ,!y make ! *ildr5       
tremble4 ,m5 *ant _! praises1 call !m   
great names1 & tell ea* o!r ! old       
sc>ecr[s are bett] ?an any tru?s--!y are
 s anci5t1 s v5]able1 y see2 & all ! old
 wom51 male & female1 believe !m4  ,!n1 
!re are p[]ful lies4 ,?9k on ! w>s m5 h 
f\ght = lies1 on ! millions ( foll[]s   
lies h _h--h[ f _! l(ty seats !y gov]n  
empires1 convulse cont95ts1 & drive     
pati5t nations mad4 ,?9k on ! money !y h
 made1 ! m\?s !y h fill$1 ! backs !y h  
w>m$1 ! h\ses !y h built1 ! reputations 
!y h creat$1 ! sy/ems !y h propp$1 !    
books !y h s5t out1 ! presses !y h kept 
busy4 ,?9k ( ! ,donation ( ,con/ant9e1 !
 ,=g$ ,decretals1 ! ,s\? ,sea ,s*eme1 ! 
,mississippi ,bubble1 ( ,wild ,cat      
,banks1 & ,joyce ,he?6 ,he is c]ta9ly a 
bold man :o w ra%ly measure 8 /r5g? )   
?is mighty family4  ,z ! _w goes1 !     
,fa!r ( ,lies cr[ns himself & claims !  

sov]eignty4 ',all ^! ?+s w ,i give      
!e'--ri*es1 honor1 p[]4 ,x is ! old     
,temptation ( ! ,des]t =ev] repeat$4 ,he
 lies :5 he makes ! (f]4 ,!y 7 nev] 8 to
 give4 ,b x's a ly+ _w4 ,!re are        
millions ( u *eat$4 ,!y take ! old      
sc\ndrel at 8 ^w4  ,y & ,i1 read]1 d n1 
let u hope4 ,we agree 9 believ+ t1 "u   
any circum/ances1 lies are n good2 t1 at
 all times1 !y are unsafe1 un:olesome1 &
 9 e way bad1 v bad2 t1 on ! :ole1 x is 
n safe to tru/ !m1 or g ) !m4 ,t is a   
good cre$4 ,x appe>s to me ! only cre$1 
on ?is subject1 t w /&4  ,= ?is is1 aft]
 all1 a v solemn sort ( life4 ,x has a v
 s]i\s end+4 ,a great univ]se :irls away
 ) its ebon-fac$ my/]ies pil$ f c5tral  
caves to highe/ heav5s--a univ]se1 ) all
 its my/]ies1 ( h>de/ reality & balde/  
tru?4 ,a man1 look+ up to ! cold1 cle>1 
unsw]v+ />s1 out yond] 9 ! w9try night1 
or d[n at ! grave t lies1 some:]e1 = !  
digg+ across 8 pa?1 mu/ feel t a lie =  
him1 kn[+ 8 place1 kn[+ himself1 t a lie
 = him is accurs$4  ,we want ! tru?     

always--cle>-ey$1 %>p-cut1 m>ble-fac$   
tru?4 ,we want to "k ! facts & realities
 ( our position1 j z !y are4 ,! m>9]    
sails away into ! lonely sea4 ,! my/]y (
 ! unfa?om$ deep sways miles d[n b5ea? 8
 pass+ keel4 ,! my/]y ( ! ov]>*+ heav5s 
swims f> above ) mazy con/ellation &    
revolv+ sph]e4 ,betwe5 ! my/]y ( ! sky &
 ! my/]y ( ! sea he /e]s "r on1 9 calm &
 tempe/ confid5t1 9 night & noonday     
secure4 ,= he !re1 on ! trackless wa/es 
t girdle 9 ! great wide _w1 alone ) !   
sil5ce ( ,nature & ,god1 kn[s ! facts ( 
8 position1 ! realities ( 8 place4 ,!   
*>ts lie spread be=e him4 ,isl&1        
cont95t1 lone sea-rock1 hidd5 %oal1 !y  
are all mapp$ to 8 eye4 ,! fai?ful ne$le
 po9ts due nor?4 ,! true sun rises :]e  
he always has4 ,! fai?ful1 *angeless />s
 look d[n at midnight4 ,! tru? saves    
him1 rock$ 9 ! arms ( ! wild sea4 ,!    
reality holds him secure4 ,ask him1     
look+ out1 9 ! night wat*1 ov] ! black  
sea & up to ! inky deeps1 & d[n to !    
dim-light$ compass be=e him1 ask him 8  

op9ion ( a lie6 ,:at 8 hone/ notion may 
be ab\t a false light on yond] headl&1 a
 false latitude on 8 *>t = ?is isl& or t
 %oal1 a mi/ak5 measurem5t ( dep? across
 ?is bay or ?r\gh yond] /raits6 ,ask him
 ! nature & effects ( a lie 9 ! *>t he  
sails by6  ,& we are all sailors4 ,we   
want true *>ts4 ,! false *>t is our ru94
 ,! false beacon on ! headl& is k9dl$ by
 ! fi5ds4 ,x leads to dea?--a           
wreck-/rewn sea1 da%+ :ite up ! black   
cliffs1 & bubbl+ cries1 ris+ above !    
tempe/'s ro> & ! surges' boom1 z1 "o by 
"o1 ! swimm]s s9k to d>kness ?r\gh !    
foam6  ,nay1 = u1 sailors ov] life's    
seas1 sailors into et]nity's dimness1 ! 
lie we>s its ,fa!r's lik5ess4 ,& ! li>1 
! man :o makes a lie1 or helps a lie to 
success1 a lie ( ^w or de$1 a ly+ boa/  
m]ely1 or a bad1 vile1 ly+ sy/em1 is my 
enemy1 y\r enemy1 humanity's enemy4 ,he 
has des]t$ ,god's army1 has d5i$ 8 human
 bro!rhood s f>1 has gone ov]1 s\l &    
body1 to ,satan4 ,he is ,god's enemy &  
man's !nce=w>d4  ,t1 ,i say1 is1 ,i     

tru/1 our cre$ ab\t lies & li>s too4 ,we
 "k :]e ! lie comes f4 ,we "k :i!r x    
t5ds4 ,we h made up our m9ds t x1 & all 
its belong+1 7 be/ swept clean away &   
pit*$ into ! ,big ,fire4 ,bless$ be !   
man1 we say1 :o successfully kills lies6
 ,he is a man to be honor$ & lov$1 no   
matt] h[ r\gh he is 9 ! process4 ,x is  
nev] v smoo? bus9ess4 ,x is n a ?+ t c  
be well done 9 gloves4 ,let u n qu>rel )
 h[ ! *ampion does x4 ,! ma9 end is to  
get ! lies well *ok$ someh[4  ,b ! "o   
great difficulty 9 ! way ( su* a man is1
 t s _m p believe 9 lies4 ,my eag] "y   
fri5d1 ,philale!s1 supposes t1 if he c  
only expose ?is falsehood1 %[ up ?is    
%am1 or s\nd ! empt9ess ( ?is piece (   
cant or pret5ce1 he w d ! /ate "s       
s]vice1 t m5 w ?ank him & call him      
b5efactor4 ,he does ! "w1 & lo6 to 8    
amazem5t1 _m excell5t m5 c\nt him _!    
deadly enemy4  ,^! good s\ls see :at he 
sees1 t lies1 & %ams1 & *eats 9 bus9ess1
 9 sci5ce1 9 politics1 9 religion1 9    
social life1 are (t5 v successful & v   

p[]ful1 & !y come to _! conclusion1 :i* 
is n 8 by a great deal4 ,he ?9ks ! lie  
ought to be hat$1 ) a hatr$ ! m int5se  
because ( its success4 ,!y conclude t   
lies1 9 ?is _w at lea/1 are necess>y4   
,!y h se51 ) _! own eyes1 h[ p[]ful1    
v5]able1 or respectable lies are1 & !y  
act on _! k4 ,!y take ! lie into sleep+ 
p>tn]%ip--,quirk & ,co4  ,!re are m5 :o 
d n believe pla9 tru? c walk alone 9 ?is
 _w4 ,%e ne$s a pair ( lies = crut*es6  
,m5 w actually write & pr9t lies = !    
tru?'s sake4 ,m5 h pi\sly writt5 d[n &  
copyright$ lies 7,i h _! books on my    
%elves7 = ! sake ( religion6 ,!y h s    
little fai? 9 ,god1 !y ?9k !y mu/ :e$le 
,satan ov] on ,8 side1 or ! tru? & ! "r 
w fail4 ,x is v easy to believe 9 ,god =
 ! o!r _w1 b v h>d to believe 9 ,him =  
?is4 ,he w be omnipot5t "l & ma/] !re1 b
 "h1 n[1 9 ?is bewild]+ _w1 9 ?is       
confus$ & wret*$ "t1 :]e wrong seems s  
prosp]\s & lies s /rong1 is ,he         
omnipot5t "h8 ,h]eaway1 is n ! ,devil   
mighti]8 ,c we get along )\t a little ( 

8 help8  ,n[ lies c nev] end till ?is   
ends4 ,:ile m5 ?9k !m necess>y to tru?1 
9 bus9ess1 9 politics1 9 social ord]1   
ev5 9 religion1 !y w /&4 ,p mu/ be got  
to see t !y are evil1 t "u no           
circum/ances c !y be any?+ else1 t !re c
 be no alliance betwe5 tru? & falsehood1
 t ! false ?+ mu/1 9 ! end1 be !        
corrupt+ ?+1 ,satanic & vile utt]ly4 ,!y
 mu/ "k t1 j s f> z any?+ is incorporate
 ) a lie1 s f> is x f\l to ! no/rils (  
all angels1 & ought to be to ! no/rils (
 all m54  ,weave a lie into y\r social  
polity4 ,x may prosp] = a :ile1 b soon  
or late y\r social polity runs mad4     
,take a lie into y\r bus9ess1 z sleep+  
p>tn]1 try to live & prosp] 9 t         
connection1 &1 "s "t1 y & y\r bus9ess w 
g to ! dogs toge!r4 ,adopt a lie 9 y\r  
religion1 make up y\r m9d1 pi\sly z y   
?9k1 to believe :at y d n believe & _c  
believe1 attempt to sanctify falsehood &
 lie y\rself into a fai?1 & y\r %am cre$
 & y\r ly+ religion w d y no good 9 ?is 
_w or 9 ! o!r4  ,because a lie is a     

respectable lie1 believ$ & patroniz$ by 
respectable p1 %all y respect x8        
,because "s v5]able %am has impos$ its  
empt9ess on a score ( g5]ations1 %all we
 g on rev]5c+ x1 & pass ! sc>ecr[ & its 
trump]y trapp+s on = ! rev]5ce ( our    
*ildr58 ,%all we1 = any cause1 t is1    
turn li>s ourselves1 & use ! tongues    
,god gave u to speak hone/ tru? & simple
 mean+ )1 to deceive1 9 small matt] or  
great1 "o human bro!r ( ours1 & make him
 ?9k ,satan's black lie z good z ! ,"l's
 :ite tru?8  ,x may be /rong prea*+1 b  
h[ c "o help x8 ,nev] yet did a         
true-he>t$1 cle>-head$ re=m] set to "w  
to cle> away "s old cank]+ sore (       
falsehood f a p's life t he did n meet )
 opposition4 ,& nev] yet did t          
opposition come f ^? :o lov$ ! lie = !  
lie's sake or ! bad = ! bad's sake4 ,x  
came f ^? :o love ,tru?1 b :o c\ld n    
tru/ h]1 :o lov$ ,good1 b _h no fai? 9  
its success1 :o want$ to see ! "r side  
triumph1 b _h no confid5ce 9 ! "r--:o   
really believ$1 t is to say1 t ,satan 0 

almighty & ! ,"l's cause c\ld n prosp]1 
9 ?is _w at lea/1 )\t 8 help6 ,!        
opposition came f ^? :o w\ld deal g5tly 
) respectable lies1 n because !y are    
lies1 b because !y are respectable2 :o  
trembl$ be=e p[]ful lies1 n because !y 7
 lies1 b because !y 7 p[]ful2 :o1 see+  
%ams & *eats s prosp]\s1 s v5]able1 s   
/rong1 got ! notion into _! poor c[>dly 
he>ts t !y are /ronge/1 & want$ ! re=m] 
to come humbly1 cap 9 h&1 & ask !m to   
let a little tru? live1 a little mode/1 
humble1 unaggressive tru?--x w be v     
ord]ly1 v quiet1 v def]5tial1 if !y1 !  
p[]ful1 ! v5]able1 ! respectable lies w 
let x /ay "h1 9 "s corn]1 out ( *>ity6  
,^! are ! m5 :o1 9 all ages1 h built    
b>ri]s aga9/ heav51 ! c[>ds1 ! fai?less1
 ! unbeliev+4 ,!y d>e n tru/ tru?       
because x is tru?1 & good because x is  
good1 leav+ consequ5ces ) ,him ^:       
special bus9ess x is to take c>e (      
consequ5ces4 ,no1 x is n love = ! lie1 b
 want ( fai? 9 ! tru?1 t blocks ! *>iot 
:eels ( ! gold5 ye>4  ,= m5 d n love !  

lie aft] all4 ,!re's com=t 9 t4 ,!y d n 
l be+ *eat$4 ,!y nev] get q us$ to x1 z1
 !y say1 eels d to sk9n+4 ,!y sometimes 
turn on ! man1 or ! sy/em1 t tries x on 
!m1 9 a v t]rible & savage mann]1 ) fury
 z ( a mad lion1 & take swift1 fe>ful   
v5geance4 ,! big1 dumb he>t ( humanity1 
9 ! long1 run1 c be tru/$4 ,x is (t5    
impos$ ^u1 its bl9d tru/ %amefully      
abus$4 ,sc\ndrels exi/ & prosp] on its  
pati5ce & cr$ulity4 ,b only = a "t4 ,!re
 is a reckon+ = all su* deceptions1 if  
ne$ be1 9 blood & fire4 ,! dull he>t    
?robs1 ! dull eyes op51 ! great bra9    
/irs 9 its sleep1 & humanity1 true to   
its orig91 rises to cru% ! lie ) its    
million arms ( p[]4 ,& e>?-born         
,bri>eus1 :5 8 ?\s& h&s turn to "r 8    
wrongs1 is n delicate 9 _! h&l+4 ,!     
e*oes ( a ,fr5* ,revolution w r+ = "s   
g5]ations yet4  ,! man :o turns to      
combat error ne$s ! assurance ( ! true  
in/9cts ( 8 race1 = he ent]s on a task t
 mu/ seem hopeless (t54    ',tru? cru%$ 
to e>? w rise aga92'  s ,mr4 ,bryant    

tells him1 & he is mu* oblig$ to ,mr4   
,bryant4 ,b w n error d j ! same8 ,he   
kill$ a lie ye/]day1 & buri$ x dec5tly4 
,he f9ds x alive aga9 & prosp]\s to-day4
 ,cut a man's head (f1 & he dies4 ,!re's
 no help = x1 unless he is a ,/4 ,d5is1 
& !n he c only take a walk ) 8 head 9 8 
h&4 ,b1 if he is n a ,/4 ,d5is1 he dies4
 ,t is ! law4 ,cut ! head (f a lie1 x   
does n die at all4 ,x r seems to enjoy !
 op]ation4 ,y w meet x1 l fifty ,/4     
,d5ises1 on e morn+ walk1 dur+ y\r      
lifetime4 ,!y h a m>vell\s vitality4 ,i 
meet lies e day t1 to my c]ta9 k1 7 put 
to dea? a hundr$ ye>s ago1 by ma/] h&s  
at ! bus9ess1 too4 ,!y ought1 9 dec5cy  
at lea/1 to look l pale gho/s 'revisit+ 
! glimpses ( ! moon1' b !y don't4 ,!y   
are smug1 com=table1 & some:at portly1 z
 f good1 solid liv+4  ,n[ ?is is        
disc\rag+ some:at4 ,b !re is no good 9  
%utt+ "o's eyes to ! fact4 ,t is :at ,i 
am go+ aga9/4 ,x is be/ to "k t lies die
 h>d4 ,!y w be> at lea/ z _m kill+s z a 
cat1 & t's n9e4 ,/ill1 mu* dep5ds ^u !  

mann] ( ! op]ation4 ,h[ is x be/ p]=m$8 
,k is ne$$ 9 all pursuits4 ,!re is a    
sci5ce und\bt$ly 9 kill+ lies4 ,if y wi%
 to g into ! bus9ess1 & ,i tru/ mo/     
hone/ m5 d1 y ne$ to /udy x some:at4    
,o!rwise y w wa/e mu* ef=t1 & get few   
results4 ,x is n easy to kill "o wolf ) 
a /ick1 b1 call sci5ce to y\r aid1 & an 
ounce ( /ry*n9e1 well adm9i/]$1 w d !   
bus9ess = a pack4 ,in/ead ( go+ into a  
r\gh-&-tumble fight ) "s co>se1 rude1   
vile lie1 & maul+ x to dea? by %e] =ce (
 muscle1 x is bett] to use sci5ce & put 
x to dea? neatly1 cleanly1 & delicately1
 ) unsoil$ h&s4 ,let u see if we c f9d !
 sci5ce ( kill+ lies4  ',! great] ! lie 
! great] ! tru?4' ,take t ) y4 ,a lie   
mu/1 some:]e1 h a tru? to prop x4 ,9 !  
he>t ( e big successful lie y w f9d "s  
reality4 ,( c\rse y _c build a h\se on  
no?+4 ,a pyramid _c be con/ruct$ 9 !    
air4 ,n[ a lie is no?+1 ! v def9ition ( 
no?+4 ,x is :at is n4 ,s1 ( c\rse1 no   
pure & simple lie exi/s4 ,x always      
builds itself on "s tru?4 ,x always     

roots itself into "s fact4 ,& !re is !  
secret ( its vitality4 ,y batt] ! lie ) 
y\r logic1 b ! bl[s reb\nd f ! iron tru?
 b5ea?4 ,y assail x ) ! fla%+ d>ts ( y\r
 rhetoric1 ! po9ts fly h>mless f ! m>ble
 reality bel[4 ,!re is tru? !re some:]e4
 ,t is :y y\r rhetoric & y\r logic fail4
 ,t1 too1 is :y "o s (t5 sees t mo/     
bewild]+ & despair+ sight1 m5 cl++ to a 
lie1 honor+ x1 tru/+ x1 def5d+ x1 9 all 
s9c]ity1 aga9/ all assailants4 ,x is n !
 lie !y def5d1 b ! tru? 9 ! lie4 ,:at a 
relief x 0 :5 ,i fir/ made t discov]y6  
,i 0 ready to ?9k meanly ( my k9d1 to   
di/ru/ humanity's in/9cts = tru?4 ,!    
look\t 0 on despair4 ,b1 :5 ,i und]/ood 
! nature ( ! lie1 ,i le>n$ to ?9k bett] 
( my bre?r51 ,i le>n$ to h m hope 9 _!  
,mak]4 ,no1 !re is no build+ on no?+4 ,e
 lie has a sub/ratum ( tru?4 ,9 fact1   
look clos]1 & is n a lie only a di/ort$ 
tru?8--a tru? torn f its connections1   
its features twi/$ out ( all symmetry1  
its outl9es batt]$ out ( all %ape8  ,a  
man tells a true /ory to-day1 9 ! he>+ (

 "o :o has ?is di/ort+ p[]1 an          
ess5tially untrue s\l4 ,he he>s ! same  
/ory to-morr[1 ! v same1 b s de=m$1 s   
mangl$1 s pat*$1 t x is1 n[1 e in* a    
lie--! tru? gone crazy4 ,t is1 a tru?   
half told is a lie1 a tru? add$ to is a 
lie1 a tru? di/ort$ is a lie1 a tru? )  
its due proportions *ang$ is a lie4 ,& a
 lie may always be def9$ z a lame1      
de=m$1 or crazy tru?4  ,& x is ! tru? 9 
! lie t gives x its p[]1 t makes hone/  
m5 s (t5 accept1 love1 & help x4 ,_!    
consci\s design is to "w = ! tru?'s     
sake4 ,x is ! tru? 9 ! lie t makes s _m 
logic %afts1 s _m rhetoric arr[s glance 
(f1 z f ! hide ( a rh9oc]os4  ,& ! bigg]
 ! lie ! bigg] also ! tru?4 ,t is ano!r 
bit ( sci5ce4 ,if ,mrs4 ,tattle tells   
,mrs4 ,tittle a lie ab\t ,mrs4 ,j5k9s1  
%e kn[s v well ,mrs4 ,tittle w n believe
 h] unless h] lie has "s spice ( fact to
 g on1 unless x has vraisemblance1      
tru?-lik5ess1 an appe>ance ( f\ndation  
at lea/4 ,mean little lies1 l ^? %e sets
 go+1 d n ne$ mu* salt ( tru? to keep !m

 f spoil+2 /ill !y require _! due       
modicum1 & !y usually h x4 ,z = in/ance1
 %e says1 ) a long face1 to ,mrs4       
,tittle3 ',mrs4 ,j5k9s1 ! wid[ ,j5k9s1 y
 "k1 x's awful4 ,%e w5t ov] to ,p9k9s's 
la/ ev5+2 ,i saw h] g1 & ,i d believe %e
 /ay$ till twelve1 & ,mrs4 ,p9k9s is    
away1 y "k4 ,isn't x t]rible8' & %e     
raises h] eyes 9 pi\s horror at !       
depravity ( ! _w1 & ( h&some "y wid[s 9 
p>ticul>4 ,t is ! lie4 ,n[ "h is ! tru?4
 ,mrs4 ,j5k9s did g across ! way to     
,p9k9s's1 because "o ( 8 little ones 0  
sudd5ly tak5 ) "s baby ailm5t1 & ! poor 
fell[1 9 8 wife's abs5ce1 0 sc>$ out ( 8
 few wits 9 consequ5ce4 ,he s5t = !     
k9d-he>t$ wid[1 & begg$ h] help =       
,johnny4 ,%e came1 nurs$ ! "y scamp l a 
"m1 & return$ at n9e1 ) h] consci5ce    
gl[+ "u ! p]=mance ( a k9dly &          
neighborly act4  ,n[1 )\t ?is mu* (     
tru?1 ! amiable ,mrs4 ,tattle w\ld nev] 
h manufactur$ ?is p>ticul> lie4 ,all    
li>s und]/& ! pr9ciple4 ,!y sc>cely ev]1
 until !y become bl9d & /upid li>s1     

inv5t a falsehood out ( m]e fancy4 ,!y  
pay tribute to humanity's in/9ct = tru? 
s f> z to tell z mu* ( x z possible )\t 
ceas+ to lie4 ,!y get 9 z great an am\nt
 ( tru? z conv5i5t1 to save _! lie f    
swift1 sure dea?4  ,b a r\s+ big lie6--n
 "o ( ^! small neighborhood affairs1 t  
buzz ab\t l wasps 9 e community--b a gr&
 & magnific5t lie1 impos$ on a nation1  
impos$ maybe on half a _w1 mu/ h a      
correspond+ tru? to make x prosp]4 ,x   
takes less salt to cure ! small pig1 m  
to cure ! l>ge hog4 ,s1 ! great] !      
weight ( dead lie1 ! great] ! am\nt     
requir$ ( pres]v+ tru?4  ,mohamm$ impos$
 a lie on half a cont95t4 ,t lie has    
liv$ &1 9 "s sort1 prosp]$ to ?is day4  
,all sorts ( babblem5t h be5 writt5 &   
spok5 ab\t t wond]ful fact4 ,! tru? is1 
,mohamm$'s great lie 0 f\nd$ on1 &      
propagat$ )1 an equally great tru?1 a   
tru? amply suffici5t to c>ry x4 ,9 !    
mid/ ( abom9able idolatry1 ( /upid      
poly!ism1 ,mohamm$ proclaim$3 ',!re is  
no ,god b ,god6' ,8 wild & fooli%       

fictions 7 bas$ on t gr&1 unalt]able    
tru?4 ,t tru? is big en\gh to be> up m  
lies ?an ev5 he v5tur$ to cov] x )4 ,!  
human he>t leap$ up to grasp ! great    
fact t props ! ,univ]se--',,god         
,,is6'--&1 9 its love = t1 accept$ also 
! falsehoods wov5 into its proclamation4
  ,9 all ! univ]se ! evil roots itself  
into ! good4 ,evil nev] has an indep5d5t
 life4 ,l an idol1 'x is no?+ 9 ! _w4'  
,an evil nature is a good nature1 only  
turn$ f its aim4 ,dea? exi/s only       
because !re is life4 ,disease fe$s on   
rosy heal?4 ,devils are1 by nature1     
angels4 ,! f\le/ fi5d is only ! l(tie/  
s]aph spoil$4 ,! evil is always a       
p>asite4 ,all ?+s 7 made 'v good4' ,an  
evil ?+ is only "o ( ^? good ?+s        
corrupt$4 ,! lie1 !re=e1 gr[s out ( !   
tru?4 ,! cle>e/ heav5's tru?1 half told1
 di/ort$1 pat*$ ^u1 is ! vile/ lie      
!nce=?4  ,n[1 :5 "o wants to kill lies  
successfully1 he mu/ rememb] all ?is4   
,he may turn1 z _m h done1 to ! "w (    
prov+ ,mohamm$anism a *eat4 ,he sees x  

is4 ,he wants to get o!rs to see x4 ,he 
br+s 8 logic artill]y & ! rifle brigades
 ( 8 fla%+ rhetoric to ! battle4 ,b1 let
 him n be surpris$ if 8 heavy %ot is    
p[d]$1 & 8 ,m9i bullets glance h>mless1 
z f a ,monitor's turret1 = b5ea? lies ! 
iron tru? t ',god is ,god1' & t saves ! 
lie t ',mohamm$ is ,8 prophet4' ,he is n
 to ru%1 l a madman1 at ! lie1 & try to 
maul x to dea? by %e] =ce ( arm & h&4   
,!re is a h>d tru? b5ea? x1 & he w only 
lame 8 knuckles4 ,let him g at ! ?+     
sci5tifically4 ,!y say ( sl&]1 :i* is "o
 k9d ( lie1 t1 if left alone1 x w /+    
itself to dea?4 ,x is s some:at ) all   
falsehood4 ,"o %\ld pay less att5tion to
 ! lie & m to ! tru?4 ,& ! be/ way to   
de/roy ! false is to tea* simply ! true1
 & leave ! false no room to /& on4  ,x  
is possible to de/roy "o lie by ano!r4  
,!y are cannibals1 & eat ea* o!r4       
,voltaire tri$ to conqu] ! lie ( a      
corrupt *ur* by e/abli%+ ! great] lie ( 
! d5ial ( any *ur*4 ,t is a v un=tunate 
process1 & yet x is common en\gh4 ,! be/

 way is to set out ! tru?1 pla91 &      
simple1 & :ole1 & s kill lies 9 flocks4 
,positive tea*+ w be f\nd ! mo/         
effective tea*+4 ,! man :o takes up !   
bus9ess ( combat+ error1 may orig9ate q 
z _m errors z he de/roys4 ,!re are a    
hundr$ prom95t examples4 ,negative tea*+
 is b>r5 bus9ess at be/4 ,bett] %[ :at  
is ! tru? ?an worry oneself to %[ :at is
 n x4  ,=1 z ,i h %[n1 all lies h "s    
tru? 9 !m4 ,t is :y !y kick1 & /ruggle1 
& die s h>d4 ,n[1 take ! tru?1 te> away 
! lies pat*$ ab\t x1 tell x all1 & y h  
qu5*$ t p>ticul> lie t worri$ y1 d y n  
see8 & e lie t roots itself 9 t giv5    
tru?1 or lives on its di/ortion4 ,decl>e
 y\r "o tru? conv9c+ly1 cle>ly1 w>mly z 
if y lov$ x1 & ! "w is done4 ,all t does
 n agree ) t is1 ( c\rse1 false1 )\t    
fur!r brea? wa/$4  ,i might sp5d "o day 
9 prov+ t two & ?ree are n f\r1 ano!r 9 
prov+ t n9e & six are n f\r1 & s on ad  
inf9itum4 ,h[ mu* m s5sible to prove t  
two & two are f\r1 & s end ! ?+6 ,h[ mu*
 simpl] to %[ :at is ! tru? ?an1        

labori\sly1 to expose ! claims ( a ?\s& 
pret5d]s t are n x6 ,"h are five hundr$ 
,john ,smi?s4 ,!y ea* pret5d to be our  
,john1 ! man we "k & e/eem s highly4 ,i 
c\ld set to "w ) inf9ite labor1 &1 by   
hav+ commissions appo9t$ all ov] ! _w to
 take evid5ce1 & by employ+ a hundr$ or 
s ( my fri5ds ! lawy]s1 ,i might1 aft] a
 lifetime ( inve/igation1 prove !       
negative1 t f\r hundr$ & n9ety-n9e ( !m 
are n ,john4 ,b h[ mu* easi] to walk out
 ! real ,john at once1 prove ! positive1
 & let ! re/ pack6 ,by prov+ t "o tru?1 
y see1 ,i kill f\r hundr$ & n9ety-n9e   
lies--a good day's "w t4  ,!re is       
altoge!r too mu* ( ?is negative /yle 9  
all our def5ces ( tru?1 too mu* attempt 
to de/roy :at is wrong1 & too little to 
build :at is "r4 ,&1 aft] all1 ! bus9ess
 ( ! de/ructive1 ?\gh _m times v        
necess>y & v useful1 is n ! highe/ /yle 
( "w4 ,y are nev] sure ( y\r gr\nd till1
 on ! ru9s ( ! t[]s ( inju/ice & wrong1 
y erect ! =tresses ( ju/ice & "r4  ,!   
wise way is to let tru? fight h] own    

battles4 ,%e w r5d] a good acc\nt ( all 
h] foes4 ,our humble duty is to /& by   
h]1 m]ely z seconds 9 ! /rife1 to help  
h] to h] feet %\ld %e fall1 to burni% h]
 armor if ! ru/ come to dim its         
brightness or spoil ! ke5ness ( h]      
weapon's edge1 kn[+ t %e1 z ) ! sword ( 
! *]ubim1 w scatt]1 at ! la/1 ! evil    
legions & _! d>k array1 z ! :irlw9d     
scatt]s ! *aff4  ,i h writt5 ( a w> t1 z
 f> z ?is _w is conc]n$1 is endless4 ,z 
long z ! _w exi/s lies w exi/4 ,tru?s w 
always be half told1 half le>n$1 half   
und]/ood4 ,! man :o girds himself to d  
battle ) falsehood & wrong %\ld und]/& t
 '!re is no dis*>ge 9 ?is w>4' ,x w la/ 
8 life out4 ,he mu/ accept ! inevitable 
condition ( 8 place1 & mu/ be cont5t to 
d 8 be/1 hopefully & bravely1 9 ?is     
_w-"w1 ?\gh he surely "k t x %all be    
said ( him1 z ( ^? fai?ful ones :o saw  
only 9 vision ! com+ ,*ri/3 ',^! all di$
 9 hope1 n hav+ obta9$ ! promise4' ,i h 
attempt$ "h "s h9ts = ! tru?-lov]4 ,i   
w>n him1 on ! />t1 t 8 "w is endless1 8 

disc\ragem5ts _m & great4 ,(t5 & (t5 x w
 seem t ! evil is omnipot5t1 ! false    
all-conqu]+4 ,aga9 & aga9 8 he>t mu/ s9k
 9 half despair be=e ! _w's triumphant  
wrongs1 be=e its ov]:elm+ lies4 ,9 _m a 
d>k "t ! heav5s w seem brass & ! e>?    
iron1 & ! evil victori\s ov] all4 ,he   
mu/ be prep>$ = ?is4 ,!re is no good 9  
*eat+ m5 ) false hopes4 ,9 a _w t cr[ns 
its saviors ) ?orns1 su* ?+s are1 & x is
 j z well to "k x4  ,b !re are          
enc\ragem5ts too4 ,! conviction is      
p]5nial among m51 t1 on ! :ole1 ! false 
mu/ g d[n4 ,t is "o /rong enc\ragem5t4  
,?is is ano!r1 t1 aft] all1 m5 are      
tru?-lov]s4 ,! true in/9cts ( ! race w  
give !mselves voice "s "t1 & :5 !y speak
 !y %ake ! _w4 ,on ! :ole1 !y are = ! "r
 ?+ & ! true ?+4 ,all hi/ory1 ,i        
believe1 w be> !m t te/imony4  ,b !     
great enc\ragem5t is1 t ! ,"l is ,k+1 t 
a true ,god owns creation1 t ,he is on !
 side ( tru?1 & arm$ aga9/ e lie4 ,i    
?9k1 betwe5 ourselves1 t is enc\ragem5t 
en\gh4 ,! side t ,jehovah is on is a    

pretty /rong side1 no matt] :o is on !  
o!r4 ,9 ! long run x w be ! safe side1 &
 ! successful side4     ,,0 ,,he        
,,successful8  ,,"p ,,! ,,la/4       ',d
 b grasp into ! ?ick ( human life6 ,e "o
 lives      x6--to n _m is x kn[n2 &    
seize x :]e y w1 x is                   
int]e/+4'--,,goe!4                      
',,successful4--,t]m9at+ 9 accompli%+   
:at is wi%$      or int5d$4'--,,web/]',s
 ,diction>y4   ,,*apt] ,x4  ,! read] mu/
 imag9e a lapse ( five ye>s4  ,hiram    
,meek] sits by an op5 w9d[ ( 8 front    
p>lor4 ,x is ! fir/ week 9 ,june2 &1    
al?\gh e>ly 9 ! aft]noon1 ! av5ue is    
beg9n+ to be ?rong$ ) ! fa%ionable _w4  
,hiram sits1 idly reg>d+ ! pass]s by4   
,if y obs]ve p>ticul>ly1 y w p]ceive t !
 *air 9 :i* he is sitt+ is ( a peculi>  
con/ruction4 ,x is made s z to be :eel$ 
f "o po9t to ano!r1 )\t di/urb+ !       
occupant4  ,if y reg>d 8 c\nt5ance ) a  
little m scrut9y1 y w f9d x greatly     
*ang$4 ,!re is no long] t firm texture (
 ! sk9 :i* indicates ! vigor ( heal?1 & 

:i* %[s t ! muscles are "u full control4
 ,"o side ( ! face is a v little out (  
%ape2 n en\gh1 h[ev]1 to affect !       
appe>ance ( ! m\?1 & probably n to      
int]f]e ) articulation4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,read]1 !
 'evil days' h come to ,hiram4 ,!y h    
come1 b1 z "o might say1 g5tly1 )\t     
aggravat+ circum/ances or att5d+        
mis=tunes4 ,/ill1 ! evil days h come4 ,!
 'ye>s1' too1 draw nigh :5 he %all h no 
pleasure 9 !m4  ,x is a twelvemon? n[   
s9ce ! fatal1 long-dread$ p>alysis came4
 ,! /roke 0 a mild "o1 b !re x 04 ,all t
 c>e1 & =e?\ght1 & ! be/ m$ical advice  
c\ld accompli%1 _h be5 put 9            
requisition1 & n )\t effect2 b !        
millionnaire c\ld n neglect 8 va/       
int]e/s1 nor fail to mature plans :i* 8 
f]tile bra9 orig9at$4  ,! ma*9e gave    
occasional tok5 ( ! we> & te> to :i* x 0
 subject$4 ,!n ,hiram w\ld int]mit 8    
labor2 w\ld ride f>!r & %>p] ( a morn+2 
w\ld subject himself to an extra am\nt (
 friction4 ,pres5tly ! bra9 w\ld "w     

bravely on aga91 z ( yore1 j !          
same--exactly ! same4 ,hiram c\ld       
p]ceive no diff]5ce--none4 ,!n w\ld come
 ano!r premonitory symptom1 :i* w\ld be 
foll[$ by o!r extra rides & v>i\s new   
c\rses ( treatm5t1 till all work$ well  
aga94 ,dur+ ^! p]iods1 ,doctor ,frank1  
"u ^: *>ge ,hiram _h at l5g? plac$      
himself1 w\ld urge on 8 bro!r !         
necessity ( "s relief f 8 self-impos$   
labors4 ,b1 z ,i h intimat$1 ! advice 0 
he$$ only :ile dang] 0 app>5t4  ,:5 !   
fe>ful visitor did appe>1 ,hiram bitt]ly
 regrett$ task+ 8 bra9 s sev]ely4 ,he 0 
n[ q will+ to obey e injunction & foll[ 
e sugge/ion ( 8 physician4  ,to ?is is  
ow+ 8 pres5t com=table /ate & tol]able  
degree ( heal?4 ,b privately let me tell
 y t he is fail+--n fa/1 b gradually1   
surely fail+4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,let u return to !
 w9d[4  ,mrs4 ,meek]'s c>riage is at !  
door4 ,9 a few mom5ts ,arabella h]self  
comes out & ent]s x1 & drives away4     
,positively %e does n appe> 9 ! lea/    

*ang$ s9ce we la/ saw h]4 ,9 fact1 h]   
heal? 0 nev] s good z at pres5t4  ',%e w
 outlive me1' mutt]s ,hiram--'%e w      
outlive me1 ?\gh %e is m ?an two ye>s   
old] ?an ,i am4 ,let me see1 f ,april to
 ,novemb] is sev5 mon?s4 ,yes1 x is ne>]
 ?ree ye>s ?an two4 ,%e w outlive me1   
?\gh4  ',i say1 ,williams6'  ',yes1     
sir4'  ',williams1 h y he>d h[ ,mr4     
,hill is to-day8 ,i am told he is n     
expect$ to live4'  ',no m he wasn't sir2
 b ,i met 8 man ?is morn+1 at m>ket1 &  
he says z h[ ,mr4 ,hill is v mu* bett]1 
sir1 v mu* bett]4'  ',humph6            
',williams1 :o 0 t "y man ,i saw come to
 ! door ?is morn+8'  ',i really c\ldn't 
say1 sir--,i didn't "k ( any1 sir--oh1  
n[ ,i recollect1 sir3 x 0 a mess5g] f ! 
,doctor1 sir1 ) ! new friction gloves4' 
',humph6--  ',y und]/&1 ,williams1 if t 
"y man ev] comes ne> ! h\se--y "k :o ,i 
mean--,i say1 y--y und]/& :at ,i told   
y8'  ',oh1 yes1 sir--c]ta9ly1 sir4'  ',t
 w d1 ,williams4--,hill is gett+ bett]1 
is he8' pursues ,hiram to himself4 ',let

 me see--,hill mu/ be at lea/ f\r ye>s  
old] ?an ,i4 ,yes1 ,i recollect p]fectly
 :5 he 0 at ,josl9's1 ! "t ,i came d[n f
 ,burnsville4 ,:y1 ,i 0 a m]e boy1 !n1 &
 ,hill--,hill 0 a "y man ( five-&-tw5ty4
 ,yes1 ,i recollect p]fectly'--& ,hiram 
smil$1 z if 8 enc\nt] ) ,josl9 & 8 cl]k 
0 fre% 9 8 m9d4 ',s ,hill is bett]      
to-day1' he cont9u$4 ',he w outlive me  
too4 ,yet he is c]ta9ly f\r ye>s        
old]--f\r ye>s old]4'         99        
99       99       99       99  ,!re may 
be "s ( my read]s :o h tak5 suffici5t   
int]e/ 9 't scapegrace ,hill' to wi% to 
"k some?+ ab\t him dur+ ^! la/ ?irty    
ye>s4  ,i w say1 !re=e1 t :5 ,hiram     
jilt$ ,emma ,t5ant1 ,hill took a p]fect 
disgu/ t[>d him4 ,he pres5tly quit dr9k+
 & swe>+1 & m>ri$ a pretty--inde$1 a v  
*>m+--rosy-*eek$ girl1 ^: only fault 01 
z he said1 t %e 0 fooli% en\gh to love  
him4 ,?is girl 0 ! daught] ( 8 l&lady1 &
 n wor? a p5ny--9 money4 ,till ,hiram's 
'affair' ) ,emma ,t5ant1 he _h ex]cis$  
suffici5t influ5ce ov] ,hill to prev5t 8

 committ+ himself4 ,t result$ 9 ,hill's 
?r[+ (f ! yoke1 & ann\nc+ 8 indep5d5ce4 
,hill 0 no fool4 ,! fact is1 ,hiram1 to 
a c]ta9 ext5t1 0 9 8 p[]4 ,! p>ties nev]
 qu>rell$4 ,b all acc\nts 7 clos$ betwe5
 !m ! foll[+ season4 ,i am con/ra9$ to  
add ,hill cont9u$ 9 ! liquor bus9ess1 9 
:i* he amass$ a pretty l>ge =tune4 ,he 0
 aft]w>d made ,presid5t ( ! ,globe      
,bank1 "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ! city1 z all "k1 
:i* (fice he cont9ues to hold4 ,he has  
prov$ a good husb&1 a k9d fa!r1 & a     
useful memb] ( society4 ,! phrase is a  
/]eotyp$ "o1 b x is true ( ,hill4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,leav+ ,hiram ,meek] to pursue 8        
soliloquy1 ,i w endeavor to put ! read] 
9 possession ( su* facts z may be       
necess>y = ! bett] und]/&+ ( ! n>rative1
 & ! pres5t situation ( affairs 9       
,hiram's own h\se4  ,aft] ! dep>ture (  
,belle1 ,i rem>k$ t ,hiram 0 busily     
engag$ = m ?an a week 9 prep>+ 8 w4 ,) !
 defection ( 8 son & ! elopem5t ( 8     
favorite daught]1 ,hiram's ideas took a 

new & di/9ctive turn4  ,he at "o "t _h  
consid]able pride 9 ! idea ( build+ up !
 family "n 9 8 *ildr51 'ev5 unto 8      
*ildr5's *ildr54' ,?is he ?\ght a       
laudable ambition1 s9ce he f\nd ! phrase
 9 ,scripture4 ,b :5 ,belle des]t$ him1 
& he f\nd himself n only =sak5 b dup$1 8
 feel+s und]w5t an entire *ange4  ,:5   
,h>riet1 9 h] anxiety to induce h] fa!r 
to br+ back h] si/]1 said1 ',give h] my 
%>e--,i %all n require x1' !re 0 /irr$ 9
 ,hiram's he>t ! old demon (            
,calculation & ,acquisitiv5ess4 ,x seem$
 z if some?+ _h be5 sav$ to him by      
,h>riet's untimely dep>ture f ! _w4 ,x  
is difficult fully to und]/& ?is1 s9ce1 
:ile he liv$1 c]ta9ly he w\ld reta9     
control ( all 8 prop]ty2 & aft] 8 dea?1 
:at c\ld x avail him8 ,nev]!less1 ,i b  
rec\nt ! simple tru?4  ,t night he      
conceiv$ ! idea ( a magnific5t          
disposition ( 8 va/ e/ate1 to take place
 on 8 decease4 ,n[ he began to reg>d 8  
afflictions 9 a provid5tial light4 ,^! 7
 *a/5+s1 at pres5t n joy\s b griev\s2 b 

!y w\ld "w out = him a m et]nal weight (
 glory4  ,! consequ5ce 01 t by 8 w be   
f\nd$ ?ree di/9ct public in/itutions1   
all be>+ 8 "n2 & prep>$1 at ! same "t1  
m9ute directions h[ to c>ry 8 beque/s   
into effect4 ,^! in/itutions 7 n :at are
 call$ *>itable1 nei!r did _! e/abli%m5t
 indicate a he>t easily t\*$ by human   
mis=tune4 ,!y 7 calculat$1 h[ev]1 to    
adorn & ornam5t ! city1 & to blazon =?  
,h4 ,meek] to ! _w s long z !y /ood4    
,"o ?+ ?reat5$ to int]f]e ) ,hiram's    
arrangem5ts4 ,8 wife w\ld h a "r ( d[] 9
 all 8 real e/ate1 9 case %e surviv$    
him4 ,?is annoy$ ,hiram greatly4  ,he   
got along ) ! matt] 9 a bus9ess way4    
,arabella h]self 0 call$ 94 ,hiram      
ann\nc$1 9 g5]al t]ms1 :at he propos$ to
 d1 & sugge/$ t he 0 ready to leave h] a
 sum c]ta91 provid$ %e w\ld rel9qui% h] 
rights 9 ! real e/ate4  ,"u ord9>y      
circum/ances ,arabella w\ld h be5       
indignant2 b h] ?\ghts 7 ( h] son1 n[ a 
w&]] f 8 home4 ,%e 0 tol]ably famili> ) 
! laws :i* regulate prop]ty4 ,%e knew if

 %e insi/$ on h] d[]1 :i* %e _h a "r to 
d1 t h[ev] afflu5t %e w\ld be :ile %e   
liv$1 %e w\ld h no?+ to leave h] *ild4  
,%e did n give ,belle a ?\ght4  ,aft] a 
good deal ( haggl+1 x 0 agre$ t ,hiram  
%\ld give h] by 8 w ?ree hundr$ ?\s&    
doll>s 7j ab\t ! sum1 by ! way1 %e      
br\ght h] husb&71 toge!r ) ! h\sehold   
furniture1 plate1 horses1 c>riages1 & s 
=?1 & ! use ( ! h\se dur+ h] life4  ,?is
 settl$1 ,hiram 0 left free to foll[ out
 8 ambiti\s plans = rais+ a monum5t     
to--himself4  ,^! occupy him entirely4  
,s mu* s1 t he has no "t to look =w>d to
 ! great future :i* _c n[ be v f> (f to 
him4 ,inde$1 /range z "o may ?9k1 al?\gh
 ,hiram feels well assur$ ( 8 title to !
 k+dom1 he ?9ks v little ab\t x2 nei!r  
does ! prospect give him ! lea/         
satisfaction4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,mean:ile1 :]e is 
,h>riet8 ,:at has become ( ,belle6 ,h[  
did ,gus turn out8  ,h>riet surviv$     
long] ?an "o w\ld h imag9$1 consid]+ !  
progress disease _h made :5 we fir/     

became acqua9t$ ) h]4 ,:ile %e liv$1 %e 
c\ld n fail to imp>t h] influ5ce--!     
influ5ce ( a g5tle & a *a/5$ _s--ov] !  
:ole h\sehold4  ,i h already intimat$ t 
!re 0 a new tie betwe5 h] & h] "m--!    
worldly m9d$ & fa%ionable ,arabella4 ,x 
0 9 ! int]e/ :i* bo? felt 9 ,gus4 ,x    
seem$ to be ! *ief object ( ,h>riet 9   
liv+1 to br+ back h] bro!r to 8 home1 & 
to see him 9 ! "r pa?4 ,! "m long$ to   
br+ ab\t ! same ?+1 b probably = v      
diff]5t reasons f ^? :i* actuat$ ! dy+  
girl4 ,b "h _! sympa?ies met1 & !y c\ld 
act 9 conc]t4 ,gus _h always be5 s5sibly
 alive to ,h>riet's reg>d = him4 ,he    
lov$ h] ) real affection2 & :51 9 a     
=eign l&1 he read h] lett]s1 fraught ) !
 /ronge/ expressions ( love & sympa?y1 &
 fill$ ) ! mo/ e>ne/ appeals f 8 'dy+   
si/]1 ^: e brea? 0 a pray] = him1' x 0  
impossible = 8 nature to resi/4  ,9 a   
few mon?s1 ,gus _h tak5 8 resolution4   
,he abhorr$ trade4 ,8 f\r ye>s 9 college
 7 n altoge!r lo/ on him4 ,he felt q    
sure t 8 fa!r w\ld nev] rel5t4 ,he      

believ$ he discov]$ 9 himself a ta/e = !
 m$ical pr(ession4 ,s1 aft] a %ort      
p]iod1 ,gus e/abli%$ himself 9 a v quiet
 way 9 ,p>is1 & became a v p]sev]+ &    
devot$ /ud5t4 ,8 "m1 ( c\rse1 manag$ to 
keep him 9 funds2 b 8 drafts on h] 7 v  
mod]ate4 ,8 re=mation seem$ complete4   
,aft] devot+ ab\t eighte5 mon?s to !    
/udy ( m$ic9e abroad1 he return$ to ,new
 ,york4 ,?is 0 ! season be=e ,h>riet    
di$4 ,he said he c\ld n endure ! idea ( 
h] pass+ out ( ! _w )\t 8 see+ h] aga91 
& tell+ h] :at 0 9 8 he>t4  ,hiram all  
?is "t rema9$1 or pr(ess$ to rema91     
pr(\ndly ignorant ( :at 0 go+ on4 ,he   
cont9u$ to speak ( 8 'reprobate son1'   
among 8 acqua9tances 9 ! *ur*4 ,! lea/  
attempt on ,h>riet's "p to introduce !  
=bidd5 subject 0 met by ! mo/ /]n       
repulse4  ,b ,gus came back4 ,he 0      
oblig$ to ent] 8 own home /eal?ily & 9  
secret1 :]e he des]v$ to be welcom$ back
 9 honor & ) rew>d4 ,b he came4 ,:at 0 !
 joy1 ! int5se satisfaction ( ,h>riet1  
to see him aga96 ,& ,arabella--x 0 a    

/range sight inde$ to see h] give way to
 any real emotion4  ,p]haps1 be=e ?is1 y
 h guess$ t ,doctor ,frank has _h some?+
 to d ) ,gus's return4 ,he has _h a     
great deal to d ) x4 ,doctor ,frank is  
an old man4 ,he has no boys--liv+4 ,he  
wants ,gus to live ) him4 ,he w give him
 ! b5efit ( 8 l>ge exp]i5ce1 & ,gus 9   
return w relieve ! doctor ( mu* ( ! h>d 
"w :i* is con/antly accumulat+4 ,?is is 
,doctor ,frank's plan4 ,x has be5 c>ri$ 
out1 & ,gus is n[ '! "y doctor4' ,bravo 
,gus6 ,god bless y6         99       99 
99       99       99  ,poor ,belle6  ,at
 ! end ( a s+le ye>1 %e 0 oblig$ to quit
 h] husb&4 ,quit h] husb&1 did ,i say8  
,i mean t h] husb& quitt$ h]4 ,aft]     
sp5d+ a few weeks 9 travell+1 ! two set 
(f = ,europe2 &1 go+ to ,p>is1 !y gave  
!mselves up to ! enjoym5t ( ! gay sc5es 
:i* ?is rem>kable city af=ds4  ',:5 !   
ocean %all be betwe5 u1 papa w no long] 
hold out--,i "k he w n4'  ,s ,belle said
 to h] husb&4 ,b ,belle 0 mi/ak54 ,mon?s
 pass$1 & de/itution />$ ! c\ple 9 !    

face4 ,!n ! v>i\s articles ( jewelry    
w5t1 "o by "o--& !n ! crisis arriv$4    
,:5 ,signor ,filippo ,b>bone became     
fully satisfi$ t 8 fa!r-9-law 0 n to be 
turn$ f 8 resolution3 :5 x became app>5t
 t ! "m 0 n to be influ5c$1 he came to !
 conclusion t he _h made a bad b>ga91 & 
resolv$ to escape z soon z possible f ! 
consequ5ces ( x4  ,belle1 on h] "p1     
began to be dis5*ant$4 ,!n all ! elem5ts
 ( h] imp]i\s1 passionate nature1 broke 
out 9 ! fi]ce/1 mo/ vehem5t1 mo/        
v9dictive mann]4 ,%e heap$ reproa*es1   
taunts1 & mal$ictions on ! head ( !     
signor1 :o bore !m ) m equanimity ?an   
w\ld be suppos$1 b :o det]m9$ n to h    
ano!r su* tempe/4 ,"o night he decamp$1 
tak+ ) him ! few rema9+ valuables !     
mis]able girl possess$4  ,belle _h n    
communicat$ ) ,gus1 or ev5 p]mitt$ him  
to "k h] :]eab\ts4 ,n[ %e wrote him a   
note1 implor+ him to come to h]4 ,he    
respond$ at once1 & in/antly made :at   
arrangem5ts he c\ld = h] com=t4 ,aft] a 
season1 & by ! jo9t ef=ts ( ,gus &      

,h>riet & ,doctor ,frank1 ,belle 0      
enabl$ to g back to ,new ,york4 ,h] fa!r
 w\ld n see h]2 h] "m w\ld n p]mit h] to
 ent] ! h\se2 b a small weekly /ip5d 0  
all[$1 to enable h] to bo>d 9 a         
respectable place1 & to dress dec5tly4  
,h] un=tunate m>riage has _h v little   
effect on h]4 ,%e nev] 0 s h&some 9 h]  
life4 ,%e enjoys excit+ ! sympa?ies ( ^?
 by :om %e is surr\nd$1 includ+         
half-a-doz5 g5tlem5 :o are con/antly    
dangl+ ar\nd h]4 ,a "y lawy]1 :o 0 bo>d+
 at ! same h\se1 und]took to in/itute   
proce$+s = a divorce aga9/ ! abs5t      
signor4 ,he 0 successful 9 8            
application1 & ,belle is n[ legally     
free4 ,%e w probably m>ry "s man ( co>se
 ta/e1 :o w be attract$ by h] f9e =m &  
%[y appe>ance1 to say no?+ ( ! effect ( 
! preval5t belief t %e w c]ta9ly be     
provid$ = 'on old ,meek]'s dea?4'       
99       99       99       99       99  
,s mu* = ! pres5t situation ( ! ,meek]  
family4 ,:ile ,arabella is tak+ h]      
drive1 ,i h _h "t to tell ! read] ?us   

mu* ab\t x4 ,! c>riage is n[ approa*+1 &
 ,i mu/ /op4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,! %ad[s ( ev5+   
beg9 to ga!r4 ,along ! great art]y ( !  
city press ! cr[d4 ,_! /eps t5d homew>d4
  ,/ill ,hiram sits by ! w9d[1 b        
oblivi\s ( ! curr5t :i* sweeps by4  ,8  
?\ghts g back to ,hampton4 ,he is a cl]k
 9 ! 'opposition /ore1' mak+ love to    
,m>y ,jessup4  ',:at a pretty girl %e   
us$ to be6--h[ mu* %e always did =      
me--:at pa9s %e took to please me6' he  
mutt]s to himself4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,n[ he is ?9k+ (  
,burnsville4 ,8 m9d seems pr9cipally to 
dwell on :at 0 =m]ly ( second>y         
importance to him4  ',^? ,hawk9s        
girls--!y 7 good girls--v k9d to me     
always--nice girls--h&some girls--bo? ( 
!m 9 love ) me4 ,! wid[ ,hawk9s1 too4444
         99       99       99       99  
99  ',s>ah ,burns--%e 0 a diff]5t sort f
 ! re/4 ,i don't ?9k ,i ev] c>$ s mu*   
ab\t h]--too indep5d5t--?\ght too mu* ( 
h]self4 ,h[ quick %e broke ! engagem5t6 

,i rememb] x 0 prep>atory               
lecture--prep>atory lecture4444         
99       99       99       99       99  
',emma ,t5ant--%e wasn't pr\d--,emma    
really lov$ me--,i always1 knew %e      
did4444'  ,he rais$ 8 eyes4  ,0 x ?r\gh 
"s species ( traction1 z believ]s 9 odic
 =ce o!r peculi> aff9ities1 attribute to
 _! influ5ces1 t he did s at t mom5t8   
,!re 0 ,emma ,t5ant--,mrs4              
,lawr5ce--pass+ 9 h] c>riage1 surr\nd$  
by bloom+1 gr[n-up *ildr54  ,h]         
att5tion1 x seems1 0 direct$ = an in/ant
 to ! w9d[4 ,_! gaze met4  ,no outw>d   
sign t !y 7 ev] acqua9t$ 0 manife/$4 ,b 
!re 01 on bo? sides1 a recognition1     
in/antane\s & complete4  ',poor old     
man6' exclaim$ ,mrs4 ,lawr5ce1          
involunt>ily4  ',:o1 mamma8'  ',we h    
pass$ him n[4' ,& no m 0 said4  ',%e    
lov$ me once1' 0 ! soliloquy4 ',t 0 a   
great :ile ago1 too4444'         99     
99       99       99       99  ,ano!r   
c>riage pass$4 ,a b[ f a lady1          
accompani$ by a pleasant smile4 ,x is   

,miss ,innis 7,mrs4 ,l]oy71 driv+ out ) 
h] *ildr54 ,?\gh no long] "y1 %e is /ill
 a mo/ attractive & elegant woman4      
',:at a wife %e w\ld h made me6 ,i %\ld 
n be 9 ?is /ate if ,i _h h] to look aft]
 me4 ,%e has a k9d he>t--always smil+1  
always happy4'  ',mr4 ,meek]6'  ,! %rill
 voice ( ,arabella is he>d4  ,hiram     
groans 9 _s4  ',don't y ?9k y _h bett]  
be :eel$ to y\r room8 ,y "k ,i d9e out  
to-day4'  ',i pref] to sit "h4 ,tell    
,williams to come to me4'         99    
99       99       99       99  ,! %ad[s 
fall ?ick] & fa/]4  ,/ill ,hiram ,meek] 
sits by ! w9d[4  ,despite my real       
incl9ation1 ,i h a morbid desire to l+] 
by 8 side4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,i he> ! %>p r+ ( !        
prompt]'s bell6 ,! curta9 is ab\t to    
fall4 ,i _c /ay 9 ! gloom alone ) t     
man6--,good by to y1 ,hiram6         99 
99       99       99       99  ,i brea! 
aga9--9 ! *e]ful /reets1 surr\nd$ by    
bu/l+1 e>ne/1 sympa?iz+ humanity4       
99       99       99       99       99  

,read]1 :at ?9k y8 ,,0 ,,he             
,,successful8     ,,aphorisms4  ,,no4   
,,ii4   ,"o may effect an absolute      
insurance aga9/ all real evil by !      
adoption ( a s+le rule1 i4 e41 nev] to d
 any?+ aga9/ consci5ce4 ,?is mu/ be     
appli$ 9 our treatm5t ( ourselves1 9    
body & m9d--especially ! =m]2 because   
!re we are mo/ apt to fail4 ,x mu/ be   
kept /rictly t[>d ! s\l1 9 view ( its   
endless welf>e1 & 9 all our relations to
 ,god & man4 ,?is1 ,i admit1 may n save 
u f ! invasions ( app>5t ill2 b f !     
entire reality ( evil1 ! security ?us   
furni%$ is absolute4 ,consci5ce is !    
voice ( ,god 9 ! s\l2 & no "o truly     
obey+ ?is voice w meet ) p]man5t h>m4   
,?is rule1 let u fur!r obs]ve1 is mo/   
ne$$ :]e x is lea/ likely to be reg>d$1 
i4 e41 9 circum/ances :]e ! voice (     
consci5ce is n s decid$ z 9 ! case (    
temptations to palpable vice4 ,our dang]
 is (t5 greate/1 :]e we h to resi/ only 
an obscure s5se ( "r & wrong1 9 seek+ ! 
l[] gratifications ( life4 ,s mu* ! m   

scrupul\s mu/ we !re be4     ,,b5$ict   
,,( ,,nursia ,,& ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,!     
,,b5$ict9es4   ,b5$ict ( ,nursia1 !     
f\nd] ( ! celebrat$ ord] :i* be>s 8 "n1 
gave to ! ,we/]n mona/icism a fix$ &    
p]man5t =m1 & ?us c>ri$ x f> above !    
,ea/]n ) its imp]fect attempts at       
organization1 & made x exce$+ly         
pr(itable to ! practical1 & incid5tally 
also to ! lit]>y int]e/s ( ! ,ca?olic   
,*ur*4 ,he holds1 !re=e1 ! dignity (    
patri>* ( ! ,we/]n monks4 ,he has       
furni%$ a rem>kable in/ance ( !         
incalculable influ5ce :i* a simple b    
judici\s moral rule ( life may ex]cise  
on _m c5turies4  ,b5$ict 0 born ( !     
illu/ri\s h\se ( ,anicius at ,nursia 7n[
 ,norcia71 9 ,umbria1 ab\t ! ye> #dhj1  
at ! "t :5 ! political & social /ate (  
,europe 0 di/ract$ & dismemb]$1 &       
lit]ature1 morals1 & religion seem$ to  
be doom$ to irrem$iable ru94 ,he /udi$ 9
 ,rome1 b s e>ly z 8 fifte5? ye> he fl$ 
f ! corrupt society ( 8 fell[ /ud5ts1 & 
sp5t ?ree ye>s 9 seclusion 9 a d>k1     

n>r[1 & almo/ inaccessible grotto at    
,subiaco4#e ,a neighbor+ monk1 ,romanus1
 furni%$ him f "t to "t 8 scanty food1  
lett+ x d[n by a cord1 ) a little bell1 
! s\nd ( :i* ann\nc$ to him ! loaf (    
bread4 ,he !re pass$ ?r\gh ! usual      
an*oretic battles ) demons1 & by pray] &
 ascetic ex]cise atta9$ a r>e p[] ov]   
nature4 ,at "o "t1 ,pope ,gregory tells 
u1 ! allurem5ts ( voluptu\sness s       
/rongly tempt$ 8 imag9ation t he 0 on ! 
po9t ( leav+ 8 retreat 9 pursuit ( a    
beautiful woman ( previ\s acqua9tance2 b
 summon+ up 8 c\rage1 he took (f 8      
ve/m5t ( sk9s1 & roll$ himself nak$ on  
?orns & bri]s ne> 8 cave1 until ! impure
 fire ( s5sual passion 0 =ev] ext+ui%$4 
,sev5 c5turies lat]1 ,/4 ,francis (     
,assisi plant$ on t spiritual battle    
field two rose trees1 :i* grew & surviv$
 ! ,b5$ict9e ?orns & bri]s4 ,he         
gradually became kn[n1 & 0 at fir/ tak5 
= a wild bea/ by ! surr\nd+ %eph]ds1 b  
aft]w>d rev]5c$ z a sa9t4  ,aft] ?is    
p]iod ( h]mit life1 he began 8 labors 9 

behalf ( ! mona/]y prop]4 ,9 t m\nta9\s 
region he e/abli%$1 9 succession1 twelve
 cloi/]s1 ea* ) twelve monks & a        
sup]ior1 himself hold+ ! ov]sight ( all4
 ,! p]secution ( an unwor?y prie/ caus$ 
him1 h[ev]1 to leave ,subiaco1 & retire 
to a wild b picturesque m\nta9 di/rict 9
 ! ,neapolitan prov9ce ^u ! b\nd>ies (  
,samnium & ,campania4 ,!re he de/roy$ ! 
remnants ( idolatry1 conv]t$ _m ( !     
pagan inhabitants to ,*ri/ianity by 8   
prea*+ & miracles1 & 9 ! ye> #ebi1 "u _m
 difficulties1 f\nd$ ^u ! ru9s ( a      
temple ( ,apollo ! r5[n$ cloi/] ( ,monte
 ,cass9o1#f ! alma mat] & capital ( 8   
ord]4 ,"h he labor$ f\rte5 ye>s till 8  
dea?4 ,al?\gh nev] orda9$ to !          
prie/hood1 8 life !re 0 r t ( a         
mission>y & apo/le ?an ( a solit>y4 ,he 
cultivat$ ! soil1 f$ ! poor1 heal$ !    
sick1 prea*$ to ! neighbor+ population1 
direct$ ! "y monks1 :o 9 increas+ numb]s
 flock$ to him1 & organiz$ ! mona/ic    
life ^u a fix$ me?od or rule1 :i* he    
himself consci5ti\sly obs]v$4 ,8 p[] ov]

 ! he>ts & ! v5]ation 9 :i* he 0 held is
 illu/rat$ by ! visit ( ,jotila1 9 #edb1
 ! b>b>ian k+1 ! victor ( ! ,romans &   
ma/] ( ,italy1 :o ?rew himself on 8 face
 be=e ! sa9t1 accept$ 8 repro( &        
exhortations1 ask$ 8 bless+1 & left a   
bett] man1 b fell1 aft] t5 ye>s' reign1 
z ,b5$ict _h pr$ict$1 9 a great battle )
 ! ,grco-,roman army "u ,n>ses4 ,b5$ict 
di$1 aft] p>tak+ ( ! holy communion1    
pray+1 9 /&+ po/ure at ! foot ( ! alt>1 
on ! #ba/ ( ,m>*1 #edc1 & 0 buri$ by !  
side ( 8 si/]1 ,s*ola/ica1 :o _h        
e/abli%$ a nunn]y ne> ,monte ,cass9o1 & 
di$ a few weeks be=e him4 ,!y met only  
once a ye> on ! side ( ! m\nta9 = pray] 
& pi\s conv]sation4 ,on ! day ( 8       
dep>ture two monks saw 9 a vision a %9+ 
pa?way ( />s lead+ f ,monte ,cass9o to  
heav51 & he>d a voice t said by ?is road
 ,b5$ict1 ! well belov$ ( ,god1 _h      
asc5d$ to heav54#g  ,8 biograph]1 ,pope 
,gregory ,i41 9 ! second book ( 8       
,dialogues1 ascribes to him miracul\s   
prophecies & heal+s1 & ev5 a rais+ ( !  

dead4#h ,) ref]5ce to 8 want ( secul>   
culture & 8 spiritual k1 he calls him a 
le>n$ ignorant & an unlett]$ sage4#i ,at
 all ev5ts he possess$ ! g5ius ( a      
lawgiv]1 & holds ! fir/ place among !   
f\nd]s ( mona/ic ord]s1 ?\gh 8 p]son &  
life are mu* less int]e/+ ?an ^? ( a    
,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 a ,francis (       
,assisi1 & an ,ignatius ( ,loyola4  ,!  
rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 on :i* 8 fame re/s1 
=ms an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( mona/icism4 ,9 
a %ort "t x sup]s$$ all contempor>y &   
old] rules ( ! k9d1 & became ! immortal 
code ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s bran* ( ! mona/ic
 army1 & ! basis ( ! :ole ,roman        
,ca?olic cloi/] life4#aj ,x consi/s ( a 
preface or prologus1 & a s]ies ( moral1 
social1 liturgical1 & p5al ord9ances1 9 
sev5ty-?ree *apt]s4 ,x %[s a true k (   
human nature1 ! practical wisdom (      
,rome1 & adaptation to ,we/]n cu/oms2 & 
x comb9es simplicity ) complet5ess1     
/rictness ) g5tl5ess1 humility ) c\rage1
 & gives ! :ole cloi/] life a fix$ unity
 & compact organization1 :i*1 l !       

episcopate1 possess$ an unlimit$        
v]satility & p[] ( expansion4 ,x made e 
cloi/] an ecclesiola 9 ecclesia1        
reflect+ ! relation ( ! bi%op to 8 *>ge1
 ! mon>*ical pr9ciple ( au?ority on !   
democratic basis ( ! equality ( !       
bre?r51 ?\gh claim+ a high] degree (    
p]fection ?an c\ld be realiz$ 9 ! great 
secul> *ur*4 ,= ! rude & undiscipl9$ _w 
( ! ,middle ,age1 ! ,b5$ict9e rule      
furni%$ a :olesome c\rse ( tra9+ & a    
con/ant /imulus to ! ob$i5ce1           
self-control1 ord]1 & indu/ry :i* 7     
indisp5sable to ! reg5]ation & heal?y   
gr[? ( social life4#aa  ,! _s ( ! rule  
may be judg$ f ! foll[+ s5t5ces ( !     
prologus1 :i* conta9s pi\s exhortations3
 ',hav+ ?us1' he says1 'my bre?r51 ask$ 
( ! ,"l :o %all dwell 9 ,8 tab]nacle1 we
 h he>d ! precepts prescrib$ to su* a   
"o4 ,if we fulfil ^! conditions we %all 
be heirs ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,let u1 !n1 
prep>e our he>ts & bodies to fight "u a 
holy ob$i5ce to ^! precepts2 & if x is n
 always possible = nature to obey1 let u

 ask ! ,"l t ,he w\ld deign to give u ! 
succor ( ,8 grace4 ,w\ld we avoid ! pa9s
 ( hell & atta9 et]nal life :ile !re is 
/ill "t1 :ile we are /ill 9 ?is mortal  
body1 & :ile ! light ( ?is life is be/[$
 ^u u = t purpose1 let u run & /rive s z
 to reap an et]nal rew>d4 ,we mu/1 !n1  
=m a s*ool ( div9e s]vitude1 9 :i*1 we  
tru/1 no?+ too heavy or rigor\s w be    
e/abli%$4 ,b if1 9 con=mity ) "r &      
ju/ice1 we %\ld ex]cise a little sev]ity
 = ! am5dm5t ( vices or ! pres]vation ( 
*>ity1 bew>e ( flee+ "u ! impulse (     
t]ror f ! way ( salvation1 :i* _c b h a 
h>d beg9n+4 ,:5 man has walk$ = "s "t 9 
ob$i5ce & fai?1 8 he>t w exp&1 & he w   
run ) ! unspeakable sweetness ( love 9 !
 way ( ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,may ,he grant 
t1 nev] /ray+ f ! in/ruction ( ! ,ma/]1 
& p]sev]+ 9 ,8 doctr9e 9 ! mona/]y until
 dea?1 we may %>e by pati5ce 9 ! suff]+s
 ( ,*ri/1 & be wor?y to %>e toge!r ,8   
k+dom4'  ,! lead+ provisions ( ?is rule 
are z foll[s3  ,at ! head ( ea* society 
/&s an abbot1 :o is elect$ by ! monks1 &

 ) _! cons5t appo9ts a provo/           
7prpositus71 &1 :5 ! numb] ( ! bre?r5   
requires1 deans ov] ! sev]al divisions  
7decani71 z assi/ants4 ,he gov]ns1 9    
,*ri/'s /ead1 by au?ority & example1 &  
is to 8 cloi/] :at ! bi%op is to 8      
diocese4 ,9 ! m weighty matt]s he takes 
! congregation ( ! bre?r5 into          
consultation2 9 ord9>y affairs1 only !  
old] memb]s4 ,! =mal entrance into !    
cloi/] mu/ be prec$$ by a probation or  
novitiate ( "o ye> 7subsequ5tly x 0 made
 ?ree ye>s71 t no "o might prematurely  
or ra%ly take ! solemn /ep4 ,if ! novice
 rep5t$ 8 resolution1 he c\ld leave !   
cloi/] )\t h9drance2 if he adh]$ to x1  
he 01 at ! close ( 8 probation1 subject$
 to an exam9ation 9 pres5ce ( ! abbot & 
! monks1 & !n1 appeal+ to ! sa9ts1 ^:   
relics 7 9 ! cloi/]1 he laid ^u ! alt> (
 ! *apel ! irrevocable v[1 writt5 or at 
lea/ subscrib$ by 8 own h&1 & !re) cut  
(f f himself =ev] all return to ! _w4   
,f ?is important arrangem5t ! cloi/]    
receiv$ its /ability1 & ! :ole mona/ic  

in/itution d]iv$ additional e>ne/ness1  
solidity1 & p]man5ce4  ,! v[ 0 ?reefold1
 compris+ /ablitas1 p]petual adh]5ce to 
! mona/ic ord]2 conv]sio morum1         
especially volunt>y pov]ty & *a/ity1 :i*
 7 always reg>d$ z ! v ess5ce ( mona/ic 
piety "u all its =ms2 & ob$i5tia coram  
,deo et sanctis ejus1 absolute ob$i5ce  
to ! abbot1 z ! repres5tative ( ,god &  
,*ri/4 ,?is ob$i5ce is ! c>d9al virtue (
 a monk4#ab  ,! life ( ! cloi/] consi/$ 
( a judici\s alt]nation ( spiritual &   
bodily ex]cises4 ,?is is ! great        
excell5ce ( ! rule ( ,b5$ict1 :o proce$$
 "h ^u ! true pr9ciple t idl5ess is !   
mortal enemy ( ! s\l & ! work%op ( !    
devil4#ac ,sev5 h\rs 7 to be devot$ to  
pray]1 s++ ( psalms1 & m$itation2#ad f  
two to ?ree h\rs1 especially on ,sunday1
 to religi\s read+2 & f six to sev5 h\rs
 to manual labor indoors or 9 ! field1  
or1 in/ead ( ?is1 to ! tra9+ ( *ildr51  
:o 7 committ$ to ! cloi/] by _! p>5ts   
7oblati74#ae  ,"h 0 a />t+ po9t = !     
aft]w>d celebrat$ cloi/] s*ools1 & = t  

att5tion to lit]>y pursuits :i*1 ?\gh   
entirely =eign to ! un$ucat$ ,b5$ict & 8
 imm$iate successors1 aft]w>d became "o 
( ! *ief ornam5ts ( 8 ord]1 & 9 _m      
cloi/]s took ! place ( manual labor4  ,9
 o!r respects ! mode ( life 0 to be     
simple )\t extreme rigor1 & conf9$ to   
/rictly necess>y ?+s4 ,clo?+ consi/$ ( a
 tunic ) a black c[l 7:5ce ! "n ,black  
,fri>s72 ! mat]ial to be det]m9$ by !   
climate & season4 ,on ! two weekly fa/  
days1 & f ! middle ( ,septemb] to ,ea/]1
 "o meal 0 to suffice = ! day4 ,ea* monk
 is all[$ daily a p\nd ( bread & pulse1 
&1 accord+ to ! ,italian cu/om1 half a  
flagon 7hem9a7 ( w9e2 ?\gh he is advis$ 
to ab/a9 f ! w9e1 if he c d s )\t injury
 to 8 heal?4 ,fle% is p]mitt$ only to ! 
weak & sick1#af :o 7 to be treat$ )     
special c>e4 ,dur+ ! meal "s edify+     
piece 0 read1 & sil5ce enjo9$4 ,!       
individual monk kn[s no p]sonal prop]ty1
 n ev5 8 simple dress z su*2 & ! fruits 
( 8 labor g into ! common treasury4 ,he 
%\ld avoid all contact ) ! _w z dang]\s 

to ! s\l1 & !re=e e cloi/] %\ld be s    
arrang$ z to be able to c>ry on ev5 !   
arts & trades necess>y = supply+ its    
wants4#ag ,hospitality & o!r works (    
love are especially comm&$4  ,! p5alties
 = transgression ( ! rule are1 fir/1    
private admonition1 !n exclusion f !    
fell[%ip ( pray]1 next exclusion f      
frat]nal int]c\rse1 & f9ally expulsion f
 ! cloi/]1 aft] :i*1 h[ev]1 re/oration  
is possible1 ev5 to ! ?ird "t4  ,b5$ict 
_h no pres5tim5t ( ! va/ hi/orical      
importance :i* 8 rule1 orig9ally design$
 simply = ! cloi/] ( ,monte ,cass9o1 0  
de/9$ to atta94 ,he probably nev] aspir$
 beyond ! reg5]ation & salvation ( 8 own
 s\l & t ( 8 bro!r monks1 & all ! talk (
 "s lat] hi/orians ab\t 8 f>-rea*+ plans
 ( a political & social reg5]ation (    
,europe1 & ! pres]vation & promotion (  
lit]ature & art1 f9d no support :atev] 9
 8 life or 9 8 rule4 ,b he humbly plant$
 a se$ :i* ,provid5ce bless$ a          
hundr$fold4 ,by 8 rule1 he became1 )\t 8
 own w or k1 ! f\nd] ( an ord]1 :i*1    

until 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! ,dom9icans & 
,franciscans press$ x p>tially into !   
backgr\nd1 spread ) great rapidity ov] !
 :ole ( ,europe1 ma9ta9$ a cle>         
supremacy1 =m$ ! model = all o!r mona/ic
 ord]s1 & gave to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* an   
impos+ array ( mission>ies1 au?ors1     
arti/s1 bi%ops1 ar*bi%ops1 c>d9als1 &   
popes1 z ,gregory ! ,great & ,gregory   
,,vii4 ,9 less ?an a c5tury aft] ! dea? 
( ,b5$ict1 ! conque/s ( ! b>b>ians 9    
,italy1 ,gaul1 & ,spa9 7 reconqu]$ =    
civilization1 & ! va/ t]ritories (      
,great ,brita91 ,g]many1 & ,sc&9avia    
incorporat$ into ,*ri/5dom or op5$ to   
mission>y labor2 & 9 ?is progress (     
hi/ory ! mona/ic in/itution regulat$ &  
organiz$ by ,b5$ict's rule be>s an      
honorable %>e4  ,b5$ict himself e/abli%$
 a second cloi/] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,t]rac9a1
 & two ( 8 favorite disciples1 ,placidus
 & ,/4 ,maurus1#ah introduc$ ! 'holy    
rule1' ! "o into ,sicily1 ! o!r into    
,france4 ,pope ,gregory ! ,great1       
himself at "o "t a ,b5$ict9e monk1      

enhanc$ its pre/ige1 & conv]t$ !        
,anglo-,saxons to ! ,roman ,*ri/ian fai?
 by ,b5$ict9e monks4 ,gradually ! rule  
f\nd s g5]al acceptance bo? 9 old & 9   
new in/itutions1 t1 9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1
 x became a "q1 :e!r !re 7 any monks at 
all :o 7 n ,b5$ict9es4 ,! ord]1 x is    
true1 has deg5]at$ f "t to "t1 ?r\gh !  
increase ( its weal? & ! decay ( its    
discipl9e1 b its fo/]+ c>e ( religion1 (
 humane /udies1 & ( ! g5]al civilization
 ( ,europe1 f ! till+ ( ! soil to !     
noble/ le>n+1 has giv5 x an honorable   
place 9 hi/ory & won immortal praise4   
,! patronage ( le>n+1 h[ev]1 z we h     
already said1 0 n )9 ! design ( ! f\nd] 
or 8 rule4 ,! jo9+ ( ?is to ! cloi/]    
life is due1 if we leave out ( view !   
le>n$ monk ,j]ome1 to ,,cassiodorus1 :o1
 9 #ech1 retir$ f ! honors & c>es ( high
 civil (fice 9 ! ,go?ic mon>*y (        
,italy1#ai to a mona/]y f\nd$ by himself
 at ,viv>ium#bj 7,vivi]s71 9 ,calabria1 
9 ,l[] ,italy4 ,"h he sp5t ne>ly ?irty  
ye>s z monk & abbot1 collect$ a l>ge    

libr>y1 enc\rag$ ! monks to copy & to   
/udy ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! works ( !   
*ur* fa!rs1 & ev5 ! anci5t classics1 &  
wrote = !m sev]al lit]>y & !ological    
text books1 especially 8 treatise ,de   
in/itutione div9>um lit]>um1 a k9d (    
elem5t>y encyclopdia1 :i* 0 ! code (    
mona/ic education = _m g5]ations4       
,viv>ium at "o "t almo/ rivall$ ,monte  
,cass9o1 & ,cassiodorus#ba won ! honor>y
 title ( ! re/or] ( k 9 ! six? c5tury4  
,! ,b5$ict9es1 already accu/om$ to      
regul> "w1 soon foll[$ ?is example4     
,?us1 t v mode ( life :i* 9 its f\nd]1  
,an?ony1 despis$ all le>n+1 became1 9 ! 
c\rse ( its developm5t1 an asylum (     
culture 9 ! r\gh & /ormy times ( !      
immigration & ! crusades1 & a cons]vator
 ( ! lit]>y treasures ( antiquity = !   
use ( mod]n times4     ,,hannah         
,,?ur/on4  ,,paul4 ,well1 ,dorcas1 n[ y 
h f9i%$ ! book1 :at d y ?9k ( x8        
,,dorcas4 ,i mu/ confess1 my            
expectations on ! :ole h be5 agreeably  
disappo9t$4 ,f ! criticisms ,i _h read1 

bo? favorable & adv]se1 ,i 0 fully      
prep>$ to qu>rel ) x f beg9n+ to end4 ,i
 f9d 9 x mu* p[] & su/a9$ int]e/4 ,!    
descriptions ( nature are               
admirable--fre%1 unhackney$1 & vivid4   
,we/]n ,new ,york1 ) its blue lakes1    
slop+ hills1 %9+ brooks1 quiet woodl&s1 
spr+ buds1 autumn fl[]s1 w9d+ c\ntry    
roads1 & lad5 gra9 fields1 /&s be=e "o1 
cle>ly pictur$4 ,! *>act]s1 ) _! isms1  
seem l old acqua9tances1 & ! see?+1     
f]m5t+ condition ( ,am]ican society is  
mo/ accurately repres5t$4 ,!re is pa?os1
 too1 9 ! /ory1 & _m w read x ) moi/5$  
eyes4  ,,paul4 ,s f> s good1 b--8       
,,dorcas4 ,b !re runs ?r\gh ! entire "w 
a ve9 ( s5tim5t or philosophy1 :i* we>s 
a v suspici\s resemblance to t ( a c]ta9
 s*ool j n[ popul> 9 ,france4 ,i ne$ n  
tell y1 ,uncle ,paul1 h[ di/a/eful to me
 is t s*ool1 nor h[ false ,i ?9k !      
premises ^u :i* x is f\nd$4 ,i am       
conv9c$ !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! m5tal &   
moral con/itution ( m5 & wom54 ,i w n   
bore y by any disquisition ^u relative  

sup]iority or inf]iority1 b w simply    
give y a portion ( my idea z ,i f9d x   
laid d[n by ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om3 ',d n  
conf\nd submission ) slav]y1' says !    
gold5-m\!d ,greek4 ',! woman obeys1 b   
rema9s free2 %e is equal 9 honor4 ,x is 
true t %e is subject to h] husb&2 & ?is 
is h] puni%m5t = hav+ r5d]$ h]self      
guilty 9 ! beg9n+4 ,m>k x well2 woman 0 
n condemn$ to subjection at ! "t ( h]   
creation2 :5 ,god made & pres5t$ h] to  
h] husb&1 ,he said no?+ ( dom9ation2 we 
he> no?+ f ! lips ( ,adam :i* supposes  
x4 ,x 0 only aft] hav+ violat$ h] duty  
by lead+ him a/ray to :om %e _h be5 giv5
 z a support1 t %e he>d ^! words3 ',?\  
%alt be "u ?y husb&'s p[]1 & he %all h  
dom9ion ov] !e4''  ,n[1 9 ! book "u     
consid]ation1 we are l$ to suppose t ev5
 ! 'exceptional wom5' f9d submission &  
dep5d5ce1 n only delightful1 b absolute 
necessities ( _! be+4 ,!y are only too  
happy to succumb to ! p[]ful magnetism  
attribut$ to m5 by reason alone ( _!    
manhood4 7,a doctr9e too repulsive to   

admit ( discussion47 ,i fancy t ?9k+1   
s5sitive1 & high-spirit$ wom5 h n yet   
ceas$ to f9d submission & dep5d5ce a    
puni%m5t4 ,!y may take up _! cross      
*e]ily1 & we> x gracefully1 b none !    
less d !y feel x to be a cross4 ,z =    
pecuni>y dep5d5ce1 s long z all goes    
smoo?ly & matt]s are s arrang$ t ! wife 
is n oblig$ to ask ! husb& = funds1 !   
p[] ( cu/om & ( legal provisions may be 
suffici5t to prev5t any disquietude2 b  
aft] ! fir/ misund]/&+1 ! fir/ unk9d ^w1
 8 money1 z x passes ?r\gh h] h&s1 burns
 l coals ( fire1 & ! bitt]ness ( h]     
he>t1 z %e p]haps va9ly longs = "s means
 ( employm5t by :i* to procure at lea/  
suffici5t = h] own p]sonal exp5ses1 w\ld
 cause him a new & /range s5sation1 did 
%e n deem x h] duty to suppress all     
evid5ce1 ev5 ! exi/5ce1 ( su*           
self-ass]tion1 & quietly %\ld] ?is ) !  
re/1 z a portion ( ! burd5 to be borne  
?r\gh ! valley ( humiliation into :i* %e
 has ent]$1 & :]e91 by reason ( !       
especial p[] grant$ h] ( kn[+ & lov+    

,god1 %e usually f9ds h]self ,heav5's   
own mission>y1 ! keep] & guide ( s\ls4  
,n[1 d n misund]/& me1 ,uncle ,paul2 :5 
,i say t m>riage is a valley (          
humiliation1 ,i int5d no reproa* to m52 
,i simply /ate a fact dep5d5t ^u !      
nature ( ?+s1 & ^u ! primal s5t5ce pass$
 aga9/ ! pride t1 9 spite ( !           
prohibition ( ! ,almighty1 s\ght to "k  
all ?+s1 'to become z gods4' ,meekness1 
humility1 self-abnegation1 affection1   
are ! beautiful fl[]s t gr[ by !        
wayside2 b ! pa?way is n ! less ?orny1 &
 no good c be accompli%$ by d5y+ or     
sug>-coat+ ! fact4  ,,paul4 ,i d n d\bt 
! correctness ( y\r views1 ,dorcas2 b   
y\r r vehem5t /atem5t ( !m some:at      
surprises me1 z y y\rself m>ri$ ( y\r   
own free w1 & at an age :5 wom51 if ev]1
 are suppos$ to "k _! own m9ds4         
,,dorcas4 ,t my own m>riage has be5 a   
happy "o1 & t my good husb& has /riv51  
by recogniz+ my womanly z well z        
individual idiosyncrasies1 to r5d] !    
yoke z light z x possibly c be1 is ! v  

circum/ance t gives me a "r to speak &  
(f] my te/imony aga9/ ideas :i* ,i ?9k  
:olly unw>rant$ by ! facts 9 ! case4 ,! 
views ( mod]n philosoph]s1 attack+ !    
sanctity ( ,*ri/ian m>riage1 are to me  
p]fectly abhorr5t4 ,deprive m>riage (   
its my/ical1 sacram5tal1 p5it5tial "*1 &
 x ceases to be ! bulw>k ( a well-ord]$ 
society4 ,i mu/ aga9 call ^u ,/4 ,john  
,*ryso/om to speak = me4 ,he says3      
',m>riage is "o ( ! mo/ surpris+        
my/]ies1 by reason ( ! sublime "* :i*   
belongs to x1 ( repres5t+ ! alliance (  
,jesus ,*ri/ ) ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! necess>y    
consequ5ce ( :i* is1 t x %\ld n be      
contract$ lightly & ?r\gh int]e/$       
motives4 ,no1 m>riage is no b>ga92 x is 
! union ( ! entire life4' ,?is is :at   
true m>riage %\ld be2 b 9 s f> z mank9d 
fall bel[ ! l(ty /&>ds set be=e !m1 s f>
 does actual m>riage fail to rea* its   
glori\s ideal4 ,meantime1 rev]5ce =     
maid5hood is "o ( ! /ronge/ safegu>ds ( 
! sanctity ( w$d$ life1 & no delusions (
 any s*ool1 :e!r romantic1 s5tim5tal1   

,mi*eletic1 humanit>ian1 or ,lu!rani/ic1
 %\ld be p]mitt$ to obscure ?is rev]5ce4
 ,nei!r my own exp]i5ce1 nor t ( ! "y   
maid5s be/ kn[n to me1 tea*es me t !    
idle h\rs ( wom5 are haunt$ by dreams ( 
"s human lov]1 :o mu/ be f\nd to save !m
 f despair4 ,i _c ?9k t m>riage is      
ess5tial to1 or ev5 be/ =1 ! happ9ess ( 
wom54 ,if we ent] ! ne>e/ in/itution (  
,*>ity ,si/]s1 ,si/]s ( ,m]cy1 or ( !   
,poor1 we _c fail to rem>k ! contra/    
betwe5 ! heal?ful1 *e]y1 unsolicit\s    
c\nt5ances ( ! inmates1 & ! n]v\s1      
suff]+1 c>eworn faces ( ! wives & mo!rs 
9 our mid/4 ,bo? live 9 ! consci5ti\s   
p]=mance ( equally e/imable duties1 b ! 
pleas+ ( a ,heav5ly ,ma/] w\ld seem to  
be a m peaceful & less we>+ task ?an !  
gratification ( an e>?ly "l4 ,let u     
he>k5 = a mom5t to an eloqu5t ,fr5*     
!ologian3 ',woman's nature1 9 "s        
exceptional cases1 rises to su* a height
 ( intellect & s5sitiv5ess1 t x ceases  
to be capable ( accept+ t subord9ation  
:i* con/itutes ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ian      

m>riage4 ,?9k y !re are n wom5 a?ir/ = !
 ideal2 :o are cru%$ by ! commonplace ( 
ord9>y affections2 :o w\ld g beyond t   
n>r[ circle trac$ r\nd !m by dome/ic    
c>es8 ,give to su* natures z good1 k9d1 
& consci5ti\s a husb& z y w1 d y ?9k he 
c ev] satisfy ! ard5t long+s ( _! m9d & 
he>t8 ,d y ?9k !y c f9d 9 ! family !    
realization ( ! brilliant dream c>ess$  
by !m f ! e>lie/ ye>s ( infancy8 ,d y n 
believe t !y w con/antly feel cruel     
disappo9tm5ts1 inf9ite tortures1 & !    
deepe/ angui%8'  ,,paul4 ,b if su* be a 
true /atem5t ( ! case1 :at are ^! good  
ladies to d8  ,,dorcas4 ,! _w has always
 ne$ ( intellect & en?usiasm1 & ^!1     
direct$ by ! _s ( devotion &            
self-sacrifice1 )\t :i* no?+ good or    
great c be accompli%$1 w po9t ! way to !
 fulfilm5t ( :atev] may be ! especial   
vocation ( ! individual4 ,! au?or above 
quot$ cont9ues3 ',"s h]oic virg9s h     
play$ s wond]ful a "p t1 by ! sublimity 
( _! devotion & ! p[] ( _! intellect1 !y
 h occasionally eclips$ ! r5[n ( ! mo/  

illu/ri\s m54 ,a ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5na 0 
! light ( doctors1 ! ambassadress (     
nations1 ! c\nsellor ( popes1 & !       
admiration ( h] age4 ,a ,/4 ,rose (     
,vit]bo1 a *>m+ & graceful *ild1 became 
! intrepid buckl] ( ,rome aga9/ !       
pret5sions ( ! ,ghibell9e emp]ors4 ,a   
,/4 ,cl>a1 by h] ard5t love = ! poor & !
 ,cross1 0 wor?y ( aid+ ! ,s]aph (      
,assisi 9 8 admirable re=m4 ,a ,/4      
,!resa a/oni%$ ! _w by ! gr&eur ( h] "* 
9 ! age ( ! ,loyolas1 ! ,xavi]s1 & !    
,francis ,borgias4' ,to ^! few b /rik+  
in/ances we may add ,joan ( ,arc1 ^:    
patriotism & valor sav$ h] c\ntry f !   
dom9ion ( ! =eign invad]1 &1 9 our own  
day1 ,flor5ce ,night+ale & ,miss ,dix1  
toge!r ) ho/s ( c\rage\s maid5s1 :o 9 e 
,*ri/ian l& ye>ly devote !mselves to !  
s]vice ( suff]+ humanity4 ,i %\ld we>y  
y1 uncle1 7 ,i to pursue ?is subject    
into f>!r dep?s3 suffice x to say t x is
 "o :i* no man1 h[ev] t5d] or tal5t$1   
c\ld ev] exhau/1 = !re are *ords 9 !    
fem99e organization beyond 8            

compreh5sion--/range *ords1 ! resolution
 ( :i* w be f\nd only 9 t heav5 :]e !re 
%all be no m>ry+ nor giv+ 9 m>riage4    
,,paul4 ,y m5tion$ ,joan ( ,arc3 did y  
obs]ve t ! au?or ( ',hannah ,?ur/on'    
notices ! fact1 t :ile %e has be5       
poetiz$ by ,s*ill]1 ,s\!y1 & o!rs1 no   
woman has ev] yet made h] ! !me ( song8 
,,dorcas4 ,i 0 no little surpris$ to f9d
 su* a reproa* issu+ f ! lips ( "o :o   
mu/ h kn[n t no man _h yet sung h] 9 8  
v]se :o _h n violat$ ! tru? ( hi/ory &  
smir*$ ! beauty ( a noble "*1 devot$    
solely to h] c\ntry & h] ,god1 by       
pictur+ h] z enamor$ ( "s mortal lov]4  
,%akspe>e mu/ "h receive 8 %>e ( blame1 
al?\gh ! national prejudices /ill exi/5t
 9 8 age may (f] "s excuse4 ,voltaire is
 n to be m5tion$1 ,s*ill] twaddles ?r\gh
 a tissue ( %e] inv5tions & impossible  
absurdities1 & ev5 ,s\!y1 :o /rives to  
be fai?ful to hi/ory1 ?9ks he mu/ inve/ 
h] ) a 'suppress$ atta*m5t' 9 ord] to   
r5d] h] suffici5tly int]e/+ to be !     
h]o9e ( a poem4 7,inconceivable & insane

 vanity1 t imag9es no woman c live h]   
life ?r\gh )\t lay+ h] he>t at ! feet ( 
"o ( ! 'irresi/ibles'67 ,! hi/oric "* ( 
,joan ( ,arc has be5 t]ribly maltreat$ &
 misrepres5t$ by e man :o has attempt$  
to portray x1 ) ! s+le exception ( !    
,g]man hi/orian1 ,guido ,go]res1 ^: "w1 
by ! way1 has be5 rev]5tly done into    
,engli% by two si/] wom54  ,,paul4      
,well1 & ! f9al conclusion to all ?is8  
,,dorcas4 ,! f9al conclusion is1 t a    
l>ge portion ( ev5 ! wor?i] s\ls 9 ?is  
_w1 is drift+ away into a sea (         
mat]ialism1 %r\d$ 9 rose-color$ mi/s (  
poetry & s5tim5t1 & x behooves e e>ne/  
fri5d ( humanity to s\nd ! al>m1 & at   
lea/ /rive to give w>n+ ( ! dang]4      
,,glori\s6     ',f> h[ c a man die      
bett]1     ,?an 9 fac+ fe>ful odds4   ,=
 ! a%es ( 8 fa!rs--     ,& ! temples ( 8
 gods6'        ,,macaulay',s ,ballads ( 
,anci5t ,rome4     ,alone--& wid[$ s    
e>ly1     ,ag$ only tw5ty-"o--   ,only s
 few ( h] ye>s are pa/1     ,& yet h]   
life is q done6    ,q conclud$ h] life  

is--     ,no?+ = hopes1 or = fe>s2      
,no?+ to ?9k (1 or look to see     ,b a 
b>r5 des]t ( ye>s6    ,sl5d]1 li! little
 figure--     ,graceful & yield+ =m1    
,nev] aga9 to be held 9 ! close         
,clasp ( a manly arm6    ,oh ! sweet    
oval face1     ,& ! wond]ful violet     
eyes6   ,no m to be seal$ ) true kisses1
     ,& op5$ to love's p>adise6    ,& oh
 ! sunny1 br[n hair1     ,:i* breaks    
into ripples & waves   ,o'er h] sad     
br[--l ! laught]     ,( "y *ildr5 ov]   
graves6    ,put x away "u wid['s we$s-- 
,draw x z /raight z y c3   ,nev] aga9 w 
! de> little head     ,be held to ! he>t
 ( a man4    ,daz$1 %e sits 9 ! twilight
     ,( ! fun]al-d>k5$ room1   ,h] :ole 
s\l ga!r$ to li/5--alas6     ,= a voice 
t is /ill$ 9 ! tomb4    ,de> voice1 n[  
sil5t =ev]6     ,god help h]6 ,x seems a
 dream6   ,%e hopes1 ev5 n[ %e may wak52
     ,b see yond] cruel sunbeam4    ,h[ 
x w&]s ov] ! c>pet--     ,x lights up ! 
di/ant room--   ,x falls on 8           
portrait--8 portrait6--     ,8 face %9es

 out 9 ! gloom    ,z w>mly & lov+ z     
ev]2--     ,b1 oh1 !re hangs "u its     
frame   ,! sword he has wield$ s        
bravely--     ,! blade t has lett]$ 8 "n
    ,on ! tablets ( ,glory--erect$      
,o'er ! bodies ( ?\s&s ( sla92   ,:o h  
di$ to pres]ve ! ,republic6   ,our      
loss--b ! nation's great ga94    ,wr+ ! 
small1 :ite h&s toge!r--     ,clasp !m  
close ov] ! brea/3--   ,prison$ he>t1   
?robb+ s wildly1     ,nev] aga9 to "k   
re/4    ,c y n leap & be joyful1        
,kn[+ ! nation is free6   ,g5tle-ey$    
,peace is b wait+     ,sure ( a welcome1
 to be4    ,ask n = pans ( triumph      
,f 'only a woman's' he>t3   ,alas6 9 !  
triumph ( nations     ,%e ha? b an      
humble "p6    ,h]s to be pati5t1 &      
suff]--     ,:ile h] s\l goes out to !  
fray   ,) ! "o :o is de>] ?an heav51    
,to see him %ot d[n by ! way4           
,angui%$1 = drops ( cold wat]     ,t    
e'en to ! vile/ we give6   ,mangl$ &    
cru%$ & insult$6     ,god6 c ,i write x1
 & live6    ,fold ! h&s o'er ! s(t bosom

     ,baby h&s nev] c>ess$--   ,hu% into
 pati5ce ! sweet lips     ,nev] to man's
 to be press$4    ,!re on ! alt> (      
nations     ,%e has giv5 ! s\l out ( h] 
life3   ,holocau/ great] 0 nev]3        
,god help ! poor1 little wife6     ,,!  
,,isle ,,( ,,spr+s4   ,,*apt] ,v4       
,,hi/orical ,,sket*4  ,jamaica 0        
discov]$ by ,columbus himself1 on ! #c;d
 ( ,may1 #adid1 :ile prosecut+ 8 second 
voyage4 ,on 8 f\r? & la/ voyage he 0    
%ipwreck$ on its nor!rn coa/1 &1 ?r\gh !
 cruel jeal\sy ( ! gov]nor (            
,hispaniola1 0 deta9$ !re ne>ly a ye>   
be=e relief 0 s5t4 ,9 ! de>? ( hi/orical
 associations1 ,i h sometimes pleas$    
myself ) gaz+ at ! high summit ( ,cape  
,cle> ,hill1 :i* is f> & wide conspicu\s
 along ! nor!rn %ore1 & reflect+ t ! eye
 ( ! great discov]] may h (t5 re/$ ^u x 
dur+ 8 we>y det5tion1 endeavor+ ?us to  
raise pres5t insignificance some:at by  
l9k+ x ) ! "o illu/ri\s "n 9 ! annals ( 
! isl&4  ,sevilla d',oro1 ! fir/        
settlem5t ( ! ,spani>ds 9 ,jamaica1 0   

f\nd$ 9 #aeji1 ne> ! place ( ,columbus's
 %ipwreck4 ,x soon became a spl5did     
city4 ,traces ( pavem5t are /ill        
discov]able two miles di/ant f ! *ur* & 
abbey ar\nd :i* ! t[n 0 built4 ,9 a few 
ye>s1 h[ev]1 x disappe>$ z sudd5ly z x  
_h aris54 ,ev5 ! cause ( its de/ruction 
is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,x is suppos$1 h[ev]1
 to h be5 a sudd5 irruption ( !         
,indians4 ,^! 7 ( ! same voluptu\s &    
g5tle race :i* peopl$ ! o!r ,great      
,antilles1 b1 l !m1 might h be5 r\s$ to 
tempor>y madness by ! diabolical        
cruelties ( ! ,spani>ds4 ,if s1 _! brief
 rev5ge avail$ !m little1 = by #aeeh1 ! 
sixty ?\s& ,indians1 :o inhabit$ ! isl& 
:5 discov]$1 _h be5 extirpat$1 x is     
said1 to ! v la/ "o4 ,ne> ! sea%ore 9 ! 
ea/ ( ! isl& are "s caves1 9 :i* m\ld]+ 
bones ( ! unhappy aborig9es are /ill    
f\nd1 :o _h tak5 refuge "h1 pref]r+ to  
die ( fam9e r ?an to fall into !        
m]ciless h&s ( ! ,spani>ds4  ,aft] !    
extirpation ( ! ,indians1 ! labor (     
,african slaves 0 introduc$4 ,"s sug> 0 

rais$1 b ! great] "p ( ! isl& 0 devot$  
to ! rais+ ( cattle & sw9e4 ,besides !  
few :ites & negroes ne$$ = ?is1 & a     
small numb] at two or ?ree seaports1 !  
population 0 ma9ly ga!r$ 9 ! t[n ( ,/4  
,jago de la ,vega4 ,?is 0 built on ! s\?
 side1 a few miles f ! sea1 aft] !      
de/ruction ( ,sevilla d',oro4 ,at ! "t (
 ! ,engli% conque/ 9 #afee1 dur+        
,cromwell's protectorate1 ! population  
consi/$ ( twelve hundr$ :ites & fifte5  
hundr$ negro slaves4 ,!y 7 summon$ by ! 
,engli% admiral to take ! oa? (         
allegiance to ,engl& or to leave ! isl&4
 ,b !y decl>$ t !y c\ld d nei!r2 t !y 7 
born subjects ( ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 & knew no
 o!r allegiance2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 t !y 7 
natives ( ,jamaica1 & _h nei!r fri5ds   
nor k9dr$ else:]e4 ,!y implor$ him1     
!re=e1 n to exact an impossible oa?1 nor
 yet to turn !m adrift 9 ! wide _w4 ,b !
 mis=tunes ( ,spani% ,papi/s 7 a matt] (
 little conc]n to ,engli% ,puritans4 ,!y
 7 expell$ ! isl&1 b leav+ _! slaves 9 !
 m\nta9 =e/s ( ! c5tral ridge1 !y plant$

 a se$ :i* = g5]ations bore bitt] fruit 
to _! cruel enemies4 ,^! slaves became !
 nucleus ( ^? =midable ,m>oon           
communities :i* = g5]ations 7 a t]ror to
 ! isl&4 ,_! ma/]s1 hav+ convey$ _!     
families across to ,cuba1 return$ ) a   
body ( ,spani% troops1 hop+1 9 _! turn1 
to expel ! invad]s4 ,!y intr5*$ !mselves
 9 a natural fa/ness t appe>$           
impregnable1 & an ,engli% mess5g] be+   
s5t to dem& a surr5d]1 ! v5]able        
gov]nor1 ,don ,arnoldo ,sasi1 x is said1
 ord]$ him to be %[n ar\nd !            
=tification1 t he might see t x 0       
impossible to take x1 & !n dismiss$ him 
) a h&some pres5t4 ,b ! ,engli% soldi]s 
knew no su* ?+ z an impregnable =tress2 
!y soon /orm$ ! height1 &1 z ! ,spani>ds
 7 flee+ along ! cliffs1 pick$ !m (f l s
 _m cr[s4 ,a few att5dants hurri$ d[n ! 
ag$ gov]nor to ! sea1 & convey$ him     
across to ,cuba4 ,& ?us p]i%$ ! tranquil
 & happy colony ( ,/4 ,jago de la ,vega4
 ,! victors took possession ( ! des]t$  
t[n1 :i* has f9ally become ! seat (     

gov]nm5t4 ,b !y *ang$ its ,popi%        
appellation ( ,/4 ,jago de la ,vega to !
 homely b unimpea*ably ,prote/ant "n (  
,spani%t[n1 :i* x /ill be>s 9 popul>    
use1 al?\gh (ficially x has resum$ its  
=m] designation4 ,!re 7 two ,roman      
,ca?olic *ur*es 9 ! t[n1 ea* ( :i* gave 
! "n ( its patron sa9t to ! /reet on :i*
 x /ood4 ,b ! ,puritans w\ld "k !m only 
z ,:ite*ur* /reet & ,r$*ur* /reet--names
 :i*1 ,i believe1 /ill rema91 curi\s    
monum5ts ( ,puritan scrupulosity 9 t    
s\!rn l&4 ,spani%t[n has increas$ 9     
population to ab\t five ?\s&1 & 9 its   
palmy days ( slavehold+ prosp]ity       
exhibit$ d\btless mu* pomp ( vice-regal 
spl5dor4 ,b ?is has long fl$1 & its s&y 
/reets are n[ almo/ z sil5t & sombre 9 !
 glitt]+ sun%9e z if trav]s$ only by !  
gho/s ( ! ,spani% coloni/s :o dwelt "h 9
 peace until ru?lessly ?ru/ =? by !     
,engli% invad]4  ,aft] ! conque/1 ! isl&
 fill$ up ) ,engli%1 p>tly by volunt>y  
emigration1 & p>tly by a d\ble          
deportation f home1 fir/ ( refractory   

,cavali]s dur+ ,cromwell's protectorate1
 & p>tly ( mut9\s ,puritans aft] !      
return ( ! ,/u>ts4 ,^! (t5 r5ew$ 9 !    
/reets ( ,spani%t[n ! brawls ( ! "m     
c\ntry1 & ! exclamation1 ',my k+6' :i* !
 negroes are fond ( us+1 is said to be a
 g5u9e relic ( ! "t :5 x 0 ! wat*word ( 
! outnumb]$ b c\rage\s ,cavali]s4 ,ev5  
aft] ! ,re/oration1 ! ,puritans 7 = a   
:ile 9 ! asc5dant 9 ! isl& :i* !        
,puritan protector _h wre/$ f ! great   
foe ( ,prote/antism2 b gradually all    
traces ( t h>dy sect disappe>$ f a l&   
:i* an en]vat+ climate & ! rapidly      
advanc+ b>b>ism ( slav]y r5d]$ f> fitt] 
= ano!r sort ( inhabitants1 namely1 !   
buccane]s4 ,! buccane]s1 x w be         
rememb]$1 7 n exactly pirates prey+     
indiscrim9ately ^u all4 ,!y 7 r ,engli% 
corsairs1 :o took advantage ( ! long    
enmity betwe5 ,engl& & ,spa9 to c>ry on1
 9 "t ( peace & w> alike1 p]petual =rays
 aga9/ ! ,spani% settlem5ts & comm]ce ( 
! ,we/ ,indies4 ,!y 7 simply ! jayhawk]s
 & bord] ruffians ( _! day1 &1 ) "s     

traits ( *ivalry1 diff]$ probably z     
little f pirates z ,quantrell & 8 fell[ 
sc\ndrels diff] f robb]s4 ,?is villan\s 
crew e>ly resort$ 9 great numb]s to     
,jamaica1 :i* became z good a base (    
op]ations aga9/ a p[] ) :i* ,engl& 0    
pr(ess$ly at peace z ,liv]pool &        
,gre5ock are n[ aga9/ ano!r p[] ) :i* %e
 is pr(ess$ly at peace4 ,dr4 ,arnold1 9 
"o ( 8 lett]s1 says he imag9es ! ,briti%
 ,we/ ,indies h nev] recov]$ f ! ta9t ( 
buccane] blood4 ,x is h>d to say1 = !   
univ]sal corruption ( morals & ju/ice   
induc$ by slav]y1 exi/+ 9 ! ov]:elm+    
proportions :i* x _h 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1  
r5d]s x almo/ impossible to measure h[  
f> any subsidi>y influ5ce ( evil may h  
help$ to aggravate ! mis*ief4  ,jamaica1
 l ! o!r colonies1 soon receiv$ a       
con/itution4 ,l h] si/]s on ! cont95t1  
%e oppos$ a spirit$ & successful        
resi/ance to ! e>ly encroa*m5ts ( !     
cr[n4 ,:5 our ,revolution broke out1 h] 
,assembly pass$ resolutions decl>+ _!   
entire concurr5ce 9 ! pr9ciples set =?  

by ! ,congress1 & gave z ! reasons = n  
jo9+ 9 our arm$ v9dication ( !m1 _!     
insul> position1 & ! peculi> nature ( _!
 population4 ,_h geography p]mitt$1     
,jamaica w\ld d\btless h made "o ,slave 
,/ate ! m 9 ! orig9al ,union1 & w\ld h  
be5 "o ( ! fi]ce/ aft]w>d 9 ! secession4
 ,we may well believe t no?+ b ! k t %e 
w\ld be cru%$ l an egg%ell by ! mighty  
p[] ( ,engl&1 h9d]$ h] 9 #ahcd f head+  
h] si/] isl&s 9 a revolt aga9/ ! imp5d+ 
abolition ( slav]y1 & ?us giv+ ! _w     
tw5ty-sev5 ye>s e>li] ! spectacle ( a   
great slavehold]s' rebellion4  ,! hi/ory
 ( ,jamaica1 o!rwise s monoton\s &      
devoid ( int]e/1 ev5 to its own p1 yet  
includes "o awful ev5t1 ! de/ruction (  
,port ,royal by ! e>?quake ( #afib4 ,?is
 city1 built by ! ,engli% soon aft] !   
conque/1 on ! tongue ( l& :i* encloses !
 pres5t h>bor ( ,k+/on1 soon became !   
mo/ spl5did city ( ! ,engli% 9 ,am]ica4 
,its quays & w>eh\ses1 ,macaulay says1 7
 ?\ght to rival ^? ( ,*eapside4 ,?is    
weal? & spl5dor 7 n :olly ! fruit (     

lawful comm]ce1 = ,port ,royal 0 !      
favor$ resort ( ! buccane]s4 ,_! lawless
 =rays aga9/ ! ,spani% fill$ x ) weal?1 
& fill$ x also ) voluptu\s wick$ness4   
,tradition adds1 p]haps to give emphasis
 to its doom1 t j be=e ! e>?quake1 a    
successful exp$ition _h fill$ ! city )  
booty1 :i* load$ ! w>eh\ses1 & ev5      
ov]fl[$ into ! dwell+ h\ses & v]&as4 ,b 
! /roke ( judgm5t came1 & a few %ocks ( 
an e>?quake 9 a few seconds buri$ !     
great] "p ( ! dissolute & spl5did city  
b5ea? ! wat]s ( its own h>bor4 ,! decay+
 bodies t 7 ?r[n aft]w>d on ! %ore      
produc$ a pe/il5ce :i* swept (f ?ree    
?\s& ( ^? :o _h surviv$ ! e>?quake4 ,!  
sad remnant w5t ov] to ! inside %ore ( !
 h>bor1 & built ,k+/on4 ,a poor village 
( "s twelve or fifte5 hundr$ s\ls1      
adjo9+ ! naval /ation1 is n[ all t      
repres5ts ! once weal?y & wick$ city1 ! 
,sodom ( ! ,we/1 & smitt5 ) a fate l t (
 ,sodom4  ,! same e>?quake :i* de/roy$  
,port ,royal1 almo/ ru9$ ! isl&4 ,:ole  
plantations *ang$ _! places4 ,! m\nta9s 

7 /rangely torn & r5t4 ,9 _m p>ts !     
imm5se accumulation ( e>? fall5 f !     
m\nta9s *ok$ up ! c\rse ( ! /reams =    
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & :5 at la/ !y bur/ _!  
way ?r\gh1 !y bore d[n on _! swoll5     
floods ?\s&s ( trunks ( trees1 bran*less
 & b>kless1 to ! sea4 ,! gorge ( !      
,bocaguas1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,rio ,cobre w9ds 
9 a glori\s succession ( cascades &     
:irl+ pools1 is said to h be5 entirely  
fill$ up1 caus+ ! wat]s to ov]spread !  
upl& bas9 ( ,/4 ,?omas-9-!-,vale ) a    
lake1 :i* la/$ n9e days be=e ! wat]s    
tore loose f _! conf9em5t1 & swept ov] !
 pla9s to ! ocean4 ,!re 0 evid5ce ( a   
slight subsid5ce ov] ! :ole isl&4 ,!    
e>?quake ( #afib is und\bt$ly ! mo/     
desolat+ convulsion ( nature :i* has ev]
 befall5 any portion ( ! ,engli% race4  
,= g5]ations aft] ! de/ruction ( ,port  
,royal1 x 0 affirm$ t ! spires &        
h\setops ( ! sunk5 city c\ld be disc]n$ 
on a cle> day ?r\gh ! wat]s ( ! h>bor4  
,ev5 n[ !re is a float+ belief t !y may 
occasionally be dimly descri$1 ?\gh ,i h

 nev] be5 able to asc]ta9 :e!r x is     
wor?y ( cr$it4  ,s9ce !n1 al?\gh !re are
 (t5 %ocks ( e>?quake1 sometimes sev]al 
9 a ye>1 & ?\gh "s h occurr$ q          
de/ructive to prop]ty1 !re has be5 none 
to divide ) t ( #afib its awful         
preem95ce ( desolation4 ,x is true1 we  
"k n at :at "t su* a "o may come1 & x   
has be5 truly said t '?is beautiful isl&
 may be reg>d$ z a gorge\s c>pet spread 
ov] ! deeply *>g$ m9es ( a volcano4'    
,hurricanes1 ?\gh v mu* less frequ5t ?an
 9 ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s1 h yet left _!      
traces 9 ! annals ( ,jamaica4           
,p>ticul>ly not$ are ^? ( ! #bh? (      
,augu/1 #agab1 ( ! #bh? ( ,augu/1 #agbb1
 & ! s]ies :i*1 ) ! exception ( two     
ye>s1 annually ravag$ ! isl& f #aghj to 
#aghf inclusive4 ,x 0 9 "o ( ^! t ! t[n 
( ,savanna-la-,m> 0 s completely        
ov]:elm$ by ! sea1 driv5 ov] x by ! =ce 
( ! w9d1 t :5 ! flood roll$ back to its 
home1 n ! slighte/ ve/ige ( ! place 0   
disc]nible4 ,9 su* a region ! petition (
 ! ,litany1 z x is "h (f]$1 ',f lightn+1

 tempe/1 & e>?quake1 good ,"l1 deliv]   
u1' falls on ! /rang]'s e> ) unwont$ly  
solemn =ce4  ,! awful magnific5ce ( ^!  
convulsions ( nature is 9 /range contra/
 ) ! insignificance ( ! record ( human  
actions 9 ?is isl&4 ,n t ,jamaica 0 an  
insignificant memb] ( ! empire4 ,f> f x4
 ,! teem+ s\rce ( weal?1 %e 01 on !     
contr>y1 dur+ ! :ole ( ! eighte5?       
c5tury1 cont9ually increas+ 9           
importance4 ,ev5 dukes 7 glad to leave  
,engl& to assume ! pr9cely /ate ( a     
gov]nor ( ,jamaica4 ,six hundr$ ?\s&    
,african slaves 7 introduc$ dur+ ! la/  
c5tury1 ( :i* numb] some?+ ov] half     
rema9$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is4 ,human blood  
fl[$ 9 f]tiliz+ /reams ov] ! isl&1 & out
 ( ?is gha/ly compo/ rose an opul5ce s  
spl5did z to sil5ce = g5]ations all     
inquiry into its orig9 or "*4 ,x secur$ 
its possessors n only easy access1 b    
frequ5t int]m>riages among ! ari/ocracy 
( ,engl&1 :o ?us 9 "t came to be among !
 l>ge/ ,we/ ,indian slavehold]s4        
,jamaica 0 ju/ly reckon$ "o ( ! brighte/

 jewels 9 ! ,briti% cr[n4 ,b !          
brilliancy 0 m]ely t ( weal?1 & z !     
own]%ip ( ?is 0 transf]r$ m & m to      
,great ,brita91 ! isl& itself at l5g?   
came to be ( little m indep5d5t acc\nt  
?an an outly+ e/ate4 ,petty squabbles   
betwe5 ! gov]nors & ! ,assembly1        
occasional negro conspiracies1 soon     
suppress$ & cruelly puni%$1 & ! we>y+   
conte/s ) ! rema9+ negroes1 :o1 "u ! "n 
( ,m>oons1 long ma9ta9$ a h>ass+ w>f>e f
 _! m\nta9 fa/nesses1 & yield$ at la/ to
 favorable t]ms1 are almo/ all t fills !
 *ronicles ( ! colony4  ,! isl& society1
 unreliev$ by any em95ce ( g5ius or     
virtue1 or by ! /ir ( great public      
int]e/s1 pres5t$ little m ?an a dull    
monotony ( s5suality & indol5ce1 on a   
gr\nd ( inhumanity4 ,x is no wond] t    
,za*>y ,macaulay1 f 8 exp]i5ce 9        
,jamaica z ! sup]9t5d5t ( an e/ate1 =m$ 
9 quiet /]nness t resolution to devote 8
 life to uproot+ a social sy/em ^:      
presid+ div9ities he saw to be ,mammon &
 ,molo*1 :i* he aft]w>d s nobly         

fulfill$4 ,! graces & virtues ( private 
"* t l5t "s relief to ?is dre>y picture1
 ,i %all speak ( h]eaft]4  ,"o relief to
 ! prevail+ dulness ( ,jamaica life 0   
f\nd 9 a b> ( fir/-rate tal5t4 ,!re 0 s 
mu* weal? pass+ f h& to h&1 & s _m      
disput$ titles 9 ! cont9ual mutations ( 
own]%ip among ! e/ates "u ! reckless    
sy/em ( conduct+ !m preval5t1 t !       
disciples ( ! law f\nd a ri* h>ve/1 & x 
0 wor? :ile = a fir/-rate man to settle 
9 ! isl&4 ,x is ?\ght t ! lawy]s (      
,jamaica us$ to receive n less ?an      
#ejj1jjj annually4 ,:e!r ?is 0 reckon$ 9
 /]l+ money or 9 ! isl& curr5cy1 ,i d n 
"k1 b probably ! latt]1 equival5t to    
#cjj1jjj /]l+4 ,( m5 n lawy]s1 ,bryant  
,edw>ds is ! only "o ( ! la/ c5tury or !
 e>ly "p ( ?is ( any note :atev] among  
^? p]man5tly settl$ 9 ! isl&4 ,8 *ief   
claim to di/9ction is f\nd 9 8 c>efully 
prep>$ & judici\s ',hi/ory ( ! ,we/     
,indies4' ,beck=d1 ! au?or ( ',va!k1' & 
,monk ,lewis1 *ri/5$ ,mat!w1 ! pat5t    
gho/-/ory tell] ( half a c5tury ago1 & m

 honorably connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! isl& 
z a proprietor1 ^: inexp]i5c$ k9dness   
t[>d 8 negroes _h almo/ l$ to 8         
prosecution1 bo? resid$ 9 ! isl& = a    
:ile4 ,jamaica _h almo/ drawn to h]self 
a "n f> m illu/ri\s ?an any or all :i*  
_h appe>$ 9 h] annals--t ( ,rob]t       
,burns4 ,x is kn[n t he _h already      
engag$ 8 passage to ! isl&1 :5 ! c\rse (
 ev5ts turn$ him f x4 ,he celebrates 8  
expect$ dep>ture 9 "s v]ses m witty ?an 
moral1 9 :i* he addresses our isl&]s z  
foll[s3    ',jamaica bodies1 use him    
weel1   ,& hap him 9 a cosy biel1       
,ye'll f9d him aye a da9ty *iel1     ,& 
fu' ( glee2   ,he wadna wrang ! v deil1 
,t's ow] ! sea4'  ,poor fell[6 _h he    
really gone1 ! admonition to ',jamaica  
bodies' to 'use him weel1' w\ld probably
 h be5 obey$ by mak+ him dr9k himself to
 dea? t5 or twelve ye>s e>li] ?an he did
 9 ,dumfries1 & ?us w\ld "o ( e>?'s     
great1 ?\gh /a9$ names1 h be5 lo/ 9 !   
+lori\s d>kness ( a ,jamaica bookkeep]'s
 %ort life1 z _m a "y c\ntryman ( 81    

p]haps n less gift$ ?an he1 _h p]i%$    
be=e him4  ,among ! di/+ui%$ p]sonages (
 ,jamaica1 ,i ought n to omit m5tion ( !
 ,duke ( ,man*e/]1 gov]nor soon aft] !  
beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 :o 0 able to boa/ t
 no virtu\s woman _h cross$ ! ?re%old ( 
! ,k+'s ,h\se 9 ,spani%t[n dur+ 8       
adm9i/ration4 ,s t if ,jamaica has nev] 
_h h] p>c-aux-c]fs1 %e c at lea/ boa/ h]
 ,reg5t ,orleans4 ,!re is small ne$ (   
any special p>c-aux-c]fs 9 a slavehold+ 
c\ntry4#bb  ,9 brief1 except a c]ta9    
int]e/ atta*$ to ! /ruggles ( ! b>b>\s  
,m>oons to ma9ta9 _! wild fre$om 9 !    
woods & m\nta9s1 ! human hi/ory (       
,jamaica1 f ! ,engli% conque/ 9 #afee to
 ! abolition ( slav]y 9 #ahcd1 is little
 m ?an a monoton\s blank4  ,%e _h a     
vigor\s b>1 a sumptu\s *ur* e/abli%m5t1 
& b\ndless1 ?\gh %ift+ weal?4 ,b all ^! 
toge!r1 smitt5 z !y 7 ) ! palsy (       
voluptu\sness & oppression1 _h n ! p[]  
to br+ =? "o great "n1 to a*ieve "o     
h]oic de$1 or on ! o!r h&1 to fo/] any  
gr[? ( humble1 diffus$ happ9ess4 ,h] s91

 plat$ ) gold1 dazzl$ ! eyes & conf\nd$ 
! consci5ces ( m51 b1 l ! ornam5ts ( a  
sepul*re1 x only beautifi$ outw>dly :at 
)9 0 full ( dead m5's bones & all       
uncleanness4  ,^? ev5ts ( h] hi/ory :i* 
be> on ! abolition ( slav]y w be        
specially notic$ h]eaft]4     ,,!       
,,developm5t ,,( ,,am]ican              
,,ar*itecture4   ,! rule held1 anci5tly1
 t a nation's ar*itecture 0 ! expon5t ( 
its national "*1 gr[+ ) & out ( its     
social1 civil1 & religi\s peculi>ities1 
& modifi$ by climate1 habit1 & ta/e4 ,9 
^? e>ly ages1 ! halcyon days ( ! art1 m5
 built ) a purpose1 built :at !y want$ 9
 a natural & appropriate way1 &--built  
successfully4 ,s true 0 ?is1 t to ?is   
day1 mo/ ( _! relics proclaim _! own    
orig91 j z fossils det]m9e ! relative   
positions ( _! enclos+ /rata1 & hi/ory  
owes to ar*itecture ! solution ( _m ( h]
 h>de/ problems4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 =
 in/ance1 glori$ 9 ! erection ( ! mo/   
magnific5t tombs t _! g5ius c\ld        
produce1 &1 ru9$ z !y are1 we f9d t x is

 9 _! sepul*ral monum5ts--! rock-wr\ght 
mausoleum1 & ! /up5d\s pyramid--t _!    
art-curr5t f\nd its readie/ fl[4 ,comp>e
 ^! ) ! light & graceful /ructures ( !  
,moors1 ! cool1 arcad$ c\rts1 & !       
tesselat$ pavem5ts1 ! orange trees1 & ! 
f\nta9s4 ',b no comp>ison1' says        
,f]gusson1 'is applicable to objects s  
totally diff]5t4 ,ea* is a true         
repres5tative ( ! feel+ & "* ( ! p by   
:om x 0 rais$4 ,! pla/] ,alhambra w\ld  
be totally out ( place & contemptible   
beside ! great temple-palace ( ,k>nak4  
,no less w\ld ! granite works ( ,egypt  
be consid]$ monum5ts ( ill-direct$ labor
 if plac$ 9 ! palace ( ! gay & luxuri\s 
,arab fatali/1 to :om ! pres5t 0 ev]y?+1
 & ) :om ! enjoym5t ( ! pass+ h\r 0 all 
9 all4'  ,/ill ano!r idea1 gr&] ?an any 
aspiration ( ,s>ac5 or ,egyptian1 we    
f9d1 :5 ,europe1 sl[ly %ak+ (f ! le?>gy 
( ! ,d>k ,ages1 0 develop+ ! idea (     
religion4 ,x 0 mat]ial1 h[ev]1 z well z 
spiritual4 ,god 0 glorifi$1 n only by   
rep5tance or hol9ess ( life1 b also by !

 devotion ( h& & he>t & =tune to ,8     
e>?ly temples & ! jewell$ %r9es ( ,8    
sa9ts4 ,all t impetus :i* is n[ giv5 to 
religion itself1 0 turn$ into ! *annels 
( religi\s art4 ,& yet1 temporally      
speak+1 h[ gr& 7 ! results6 ,sl[ly b    
surely arose ^? va/ & wond]ful ca!drals1
 spr++ lightly out ( ! qua9tly gabl$    
/reets1 ) _! ri*ly wr\ght transepts & _!
 p9nacl$ spires4 ,n trail+ along ! gr\nd
 l ! ,greek temple or ! ,arab mosque--( 
! e>?1 e>?y--b lead+ ! s\l heav5w>d ) _!
 upw>d fl[ ( h>mony4 ,va/ ,bibles (     
/one1 be>+ on l(ty faade & on buttress$ 
flank ! sculptur$ details ( ,holy       
,writ--sil5t lessons1 b n lo/ ^u ! rude 
?\gh rev]5t m5 :o dwelt )9 _! %ad[4 ,x  
is sad to ?9k t !re c nev] be any m     
ca!drals4 ,= !y grew 9 ^? times3 n[ !y  
w\ld h to be built4  ,b we are foll[+ a 
tang5t4 ,our idea is1 t ar*itecture1 to 
be good1 mu/ be appropriate--expressive 
( ! _s ( ! age4 ,x %\ld be an epitome ( 
! nation's progress1 an ab/ract ( its   
guid+ pr9ciples1 cond5s$1 z x 71 &      

cry/alliz$ into an art4 ,( :at use w\ld 
a g>m5t be1 ?\gh ev] s elaborate1 if x  
did n fit8 ,j s our h\ses1 :i* are b a  
broad] k9d ( clo?+1 %\ld be fitt$ to _! 
purpose1 or !y w nev] yield u any       
pleasure4  ,suppose t1 9 se>*+ ! ru9s ( 
anci5t ,greece1 we f\nd no?+ b          
pusillanim\s1 %am imitations ( ,egyptian
 art4 ,w\ld we n despise su* a paltry   
me?od ( mak+ matt] s]ve = m9d--su* a    
mis]able make-%ift to save ! labor (    
inv5tion8 ,& yet x is ?is same s]vile   
imitation ( classical & =eign models t  
is fett]+ ! progress ( art 9 ,am]ica4   
,in/ead ( hone/ly con/ruct+ :at we want1
 & !n decorat+ x ) a /yle ( ornam5t t   
%\ld assi/1 expla91 & int5sify x1 we g  
w&]+ (f to ! ends ( ! e>?1 build+       
,grecian temples & ,v]onese palaces1 "s 
entire & "s 9 slices1 dre>y1            
indef9ite-look+ objects1 devoid ( all   
con/ructive pr9ciples )91 & ornam5t$ )  
falsifi$ gewgaws )\t1 /uck on 9 ! hope (
 hid+ r ?an help+ out ! flimsy design4  
,our 'national /yle' we are sure c nev] 

be born ( any su* trave/ies4 ,borr[$    
ar*itecture nev] fits well4  ,! fact is1
 we ignore ! fir/ great pr9ciple--!     
ess5ce & s9e qua non1 ( !               
art--,,decorat$ ,,con/ruction4 ,by      
con/ruction is meant t me*anical        
arrangem5t ( p>ts :i* is be/ suit$ to   
conv5i5ce & mo/ conducive to /ability4  
,x is :at ! ,fr5* w\ld call ! motif1 !  
end 9 view1 :ile decoration is only !   
means4 ,& ! mom5t we lose sight ( x1 9  
our anxiety to make room = "s pet       
ornam5t1 t v ornam5t becomes an eyesore1
 & w p]si/ 9 spoil+ ! design1 = ! simple
 reason t ! end is sacrific$ to ! means4
 ,set x d[n1 !n1 at ! />t1 t ornam5t mu/
 be dep5d5t ^u con/ruction1 & n         
con/ruction ^u ornam5t4 ,! useful begets
 ! beautiful1 & ! ord] _c be rev]s$4  ,b
 be=e proce$+ to :at ,am]ican           
ar*itecture might be1 we mu/1 9 all     
fairness1 exam9e x z x is4  ,our great  
cities1 ( c\rse1 claim our att5tion     
fir/1 = ^! c5tres ( weal? & intellect   
mu/ necess>ily be c5tres ( art1 & !re1  

if at all1 are we to discov] our        
prospects = a national /yle4 ,z a s+le  
example ( :at x has atta9$ to s f>1 no?+
 c be bett] suit$ to our purpose ?an    
,broadway1 ,new ,york1 our be/-kn[n &   
mo/ ess5tially ,am]ican ?or\ghf>e4 ,b   
:at to comp>e x to we "k n4 ,nei!r      
hi/ory nor geography af=ds a p>allel4 ,x
 resembles nei!r ! ,london ,/r& nor !   
,p>isian ,b\lev>d1 nor is x l ! ,ludwig 
,/rasse ( ,muni*1 nor ! ,gr& ,canal (   
,v5ice2 & yet x has some?+ or o!r 9     
common ) all ( ^!4 ,!re is all !        
incongruity ( ! ,engli% ?or\ghf>e & !   
brilliancy ( ! ,fr5*1 :ile ! frequ5t    
succession ( va/ palatial /ructures     
allies x /ill clos] to ! la/-nam$       
examples4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 ! ,gr&     
,canal--! sil5t highway ( ! ,city ( !   
,sea--is m l x 9 g5]al effect ?an any   
o!r /reet 9 ,europe4 ,! "o1 x is true1  
is z /raight z an airl9e1 & ! o!r ne>ly 
! %ape ( an ,s2 ! "o a pav$ roadway1    
noisy ) ! ru% ( traffic1 &1 9 ! o!r1 !  
wat] wa%+ ! v walls ( palaces t are     

m\rnful & des]t$--:ile1 z reg>ds /yle1  
!re is sc>cely a s+le specim5 ( !       
,v5etian 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,b ! resemblance
 is ?is3 y\r prevail+ impression f fir/ 
to la/ is ! abs5ce ( all g5]al          
arrangem5t1 & ! indep5d5t elegance ( ea*
 sep>ate faade4 ,ea* tells ! same /ory3 
x is ! weal? & ent]prise ( ! citiz51 & n
 ! munific5ce ( ! sov]eign1 t has add$  
palace to palace1 & made ! dumb /ones   
eloqu5t4 ,rememb]+1 !n1 t x is private  
ta/e & influ5ce t is to develop our art1
 we proce$ to ! analysis ( ! great      
?or\ghf>e 9 "q4  ,fancy y\rself1 pati5t 
read]1 at "o end ( ?is /reet1 s z to    
comm& its vi/a4 ,:at d y see8           
,ar*itecture8 ,v little1 we imag9e4     
,save ! build+s imm$iately at y\r "r &  
left1 all ! o!rs are se5 9 pr(ile1 a    
cont+5cy nev] reckon$ on by _! build]s4 
,! decoration is all pil$ on ! front1 z 
elaborate a design1 (t51 z ,palladio ev]
 dreamt (1 b at ! side1 e cornice &     
/r+piece /ops z %ort z if x _h be5 sawn 
(f1 & ! :ole side is a flat blank piece 

( brickwork4 ,?is is greatly aggravat$  
by ! disp>ity 9 height1 & ! pond]\s     
cornices4 ,z to con/ruction1 ! prevail+ 
type is a flimsy pile ( brick & timb]1  
'put up1' app>5tly1 by mutual connivance
 ( ! contractor & ! coron]1 & scre5$ (f 
f ! /reet by a ?9 v5e] ( 'ar*itecture4' 
,n[ !re is a c]ta9 m]it1 sui g5]is1 9 a 
clev] deception1 b ^? 9 vogue "h are too
 utt]ly transp>5t to claim ev5 ?is4 ,!  
telltale wall ( brick *eats y out ( !   
pleasure ( *eat+ y\rself1 no matt] h[   
*>itably dispos$4  ,7 x necess>y to     
repres5t ?is /reet ^u ! /age1 !         
decorator w\ld simply h to pa9t 8 sc5es 
^u ! edges1 & leave ! side t[>d !       
audi5ce b>e4 ,z y walk along y see a    
giv5 build+ sideways = five m9utes or m1
 b y _c see x z x 0 meant to be         
se5--full 9 front--= z _m seconds4 ,we  
ev5 "k ( *ur*es 9 ! cross /reets1 ?\gh  
ne> ,broadway1 ^: squ>e t[]s are        
/one-front$ aft] ! usual fa%ion1 b      
pres5t no?+ to ! cr[d$ ?or\ghf>e b      
undress$ walls ( brick6 ,yes1 a ,*ri/ian

 *ur*1 9 flagrante delictu4  ,x w be    
object$ to ?is t !re is no use 9 f9i%+ !
 sides ( city build+s1 z !y may aft]w>d 
be hidd5 by o!rs4 ,?is w\ld d well en\gh
 if !y 7 all ( ! same height2 b !y are  
n1 & nev] c be4 ,inde$1 a h\se is by _m 
consid]$ 'h&som]' ?an its neighbors1 j s
 f> =? z x ov]tops !m4 ,! build] w\ld   
h>dly ?9k x a fair beat if ! cornices   
correspond$4 ,! successive erections on 
a r[ ( vacant lots1 usually illu/rate   
?is popul> ambition4 ,"s "o secures !   
corn] & builds 8 h\se4 ,s f>1 s good4   
,pres5tly numb] two comes along1 &1 to  
secure himself f invidi\s comp>ison1    
piles 8 h\se half a /ory high] ?an numb]
 "o4 ,b 8 triumph is %ort1 = ! ?ird     
aspirant soon arrives1 :o1 true to      
pr9ciple1 takes ano!r /ep 9 ! asc5d+    
s]ies4 ,s x goes till ! block is f9i%$1 
! :ole ?+ look+ z if ar*itecture 0 a    
sort ( auction1 9 :i* ! prize ( success 
0 aw>d$ to ! highe/ build]4  ,x be+ "o (
 our social necessities t our h\ses     
diff] 9 size1 we mu/ pay "s att5tion to 

_! sides4 ,n giv+ !m z decid$ a treatm5t
 z ! front1 b some?+ compatible ) a pla9
 surface4 ,&1 above all1 ! pr9cipal     
cornice & ro( l9es %\ld be c>ri$ r\nd on
 ! sides1 at lea/ z f> z !y c be se54 ,9
 "s r>e in/ances1 :]e ?is has be5 done1 
x is a/oni%+ to note ! improv$ appe>ance
 & f9i%1 t x gives4  ,did y ev] consid] 
! sup]ior elegance ( a corn] h\se8 ,yet 
x is n s mu* ! position z ! fact t !    
position is tak5 advantage (4 ,be+ f9i%$
 on bo? sides1 x gives to ! m9d ! idea (
 ?ickness z well z l5g? & bread?4 ,x is1
 9 %ort1 a solid1 :ile ! affair next    
door1 ov]topp+ x p]haps a /ory or two1  
is m]ely a sup]ficies4  ,b ?is is only a
 side ?ru/4 ,our 'comm]cial palaces'    
*all5ge ! same criticism face to face4  
,= ! front1 consid]$ by itself ev51 is  
g5]ally incomplete4 ,a supposititi\s    
=mula det]m9es t ! h\se mu/ be 9 !      
,italian palace /yle1 b ! n>r[ lot      
=bidd+ an entire design1 ! build]1 z he 
_c put 9 all1 puts 9 all he c1 s t1     
in/ead ( ! h\se be+ a h\se1 x is only a 

specim5 slice ( a palace4 ,x has no     
p>ticul> beg9n+ or middle or end+1 &1 ) 
! long visc]a ( brickwork trail+ (f     
beh9d1 x looks z if j wr5*$ out ( ! side
 ( "s ,flor5t9e or ,g5oese mansion4 ,&1 
9 v tru?1 is x n8  ,! common cause ( ^! 
errors & incongruities is our           
self-abasem5t to a /yle :i* dep5ds = its
 effect ^u cont9u\s uni=mity ( design1  
:ile1 f ! v nature ( our society1 our   
h\ses mu/ be div]se 9 size & pret5sion4 
,we are a social p1 x is true1 b our    
individualities are /rongly m>k$1 & our 
dwell+s1 :ile design$ ) ref]5ce to ea*  
o!r1 %\ld nev] be too uni=m4 ,h[        
frightful ^? :ite-%utt]$ brick piles :i*
 monotonize ! /reets ( ,philadelphia6 ,b
 to ass]t its individuality ! h\se ne$ n
 %oot up l a ve9 ( trap rock ?r\gh a    
/ratum ( conglom]ate3 an ,am]ican rises1
 n ?r\gh ! mass1 b out ( x4  ,h y ev]   
se5 a /reet view ( ,bruges or ,nuremb]g1
 ^? fanta/ic old cities ( m$ival        
,g]many8 ,y rememb] !m1 ! tall gabl$    
h\ses ) project+ /ories1 ! picturesque  

gr\p+ ( por* & gall]y & oriel1 ! curi\s 
old bridges & ! ,go?ic f\nta9s1 !       
grotesque c>v+s ov] ! doorways1 & !     
p]fect population ( dorm] w9d[s &       
turrets & lant]ns4 ,& did y n1 entre    
n\s1 l x bett] ?an ^? /iff1 =mal views (
 ! ,fr5* & ,italian cities8 ,0 n !      
poetry m pleas+ ?an ! prose8  ',oh      
well1' y say1 '^! turrets & gables & ?+s
 look all v well 9 pictures1 b !y w\ld  
nev] d = our /reets3 we mu/ build 9 "s  
regul> /yle1 y "k4' ,! same old error   
aga91 ! same s]vile imitation ( a vague 
some?+ or o!r1 :i* we call classic4 ,d y
 ?9k ! old ,g]man burgh]s built 9 any   
regul> /yle8 ,n a bit ( x4 ,!y built j  
:at !y want$1 9 ! mo/ natural &         
pla9-spok5 mann]4 ,if !y want$ a por*   
ov] ! door1 or a bay w9d[ at a c]ta9    
corn]1 or a turret to enjoy "s favorite 
view--!y made !m1 put !m j :]e !y 7     
ne$$4 ,conv5i5ce 0 ev]y?+1 & prec$5t    
no?+4  ,is !re n some?+ ab\t ?is        
individual orig9ality1 ?is p]fect fre$om
 ( ?\ght & expression1 t might be adapt$

 to express ! ,am]ican "*8 ,& if m      
pleas+1 :y cl+ to ! effete & cumbr\s    
tyrannies ( a s\lless classicism8 ,:y   
cru% out all symptoms ( natural gr[? to 
make room = ! unsightly exotic8  ,nature
 h]self has made ! law t beauty is      
v>iety4 ,monotony1 ?\gh magnific5t1 w   
become irksome1 b v>iety is an unceas+  
delight4 ,v]sailles1 ) its =mal av5ues (
 %orn foliage1 & its geometrical lawns &
 t]races1 may please y m at fir/ sight  
?an an ,engli% p>k1 because ! m9d feels 
a sort ( pride 9 be+ able to grasp su*  
va/ ideas at a glance4 ,b y w f9d1 ^u a 
second or ?ird visit1 t ! unnatural     
arrangem5t ( ! ,fr5* pleasure gr\nds has
 some?+ ( /al5ess ab\t x4 ,nature       
disda9s su* bondage4 ,l\is ,,xiv1 x is  
said1 grew we>y ( 8 spl5did play?+1     
almo/ be=e x 0 f9i%$4 ,h[ diff]5t !     
,engli% l&scape g>d51 :]e graceful      
sweeps & irregul> masses ( foliage meet 
! eye ) unlook$-= beauties at e turn6   
,well d we rememb] h[1 aft] a few days  
sp5t 9 view+ ! gr& dullness ( ! ,bav>ian

 capital1 we look$ we>ily back to !     
delightful visit we made at ,nuremb]g1 )
 its curi\s old /reets & f\nta9s3       
',qua9t old t[n ( toil & traffic1 qua9t 
old t[n ( art & song2   ,memories haunt 
?y po9t$ gables l ! rooks t r\nd !m     
?rong4'  ,to claim ! m]it ( v>iety = our
 /reets is wrong1 = !y are n v>i$1 b    
only incongru\s4 ,_! v>iety is r t ( an 
ar*itectural museum ?an ! result ( any  
comb9ation4 ,we h /yles en\gh1 9 all    
consci5ce1 b none t w tol]ate any o!r4  
,aga9/ ?is may be urg$ ! v argum5t ) :i*
 we set out1 t a nation's ar*itecture   
%\ld be ! expon5t ( its national "*1 & z
 we are made up ( e p & e class1 t ?is  
het]og5e\s mlange is our normal /yle4 ,b
 m>k ! di/9ction3 ,al?\gh we are made up
 ( s _m div]se elem5ts1 yet ! compon5t  
p>ts are sev]ally & mutually held 9     
solution4 ,ea* s affects ! mass z to    
give rise to a new elem5t--n a m]e      
union1 b a result--n an addition1 b a   
multiplication4 ,b ) ! repres5tative    
art1 ! mat]ials h m]ely come 9          

contact--no?+ m4 ,our h\ses lack t      
social elem5t :i* *>act]izes our p4 ,ea*
 is itself1 & itself alone1 ru9+ !      
appe>ance ( its neighbors1 & ru9$ by !m 
9 turn4 ,odi pr(anum vulgus1 et arceo1  
is ! only law2 :ile we are a *emical    
solution1 our ar*itecture is only a     
me*anical "o4  ,h[ proce$1 !n1 to       
develop our national /yle1 t unborn     
some?+ :i* a future age might ref] to z 
,am]ican1 j z we speak ( ,byzant9e or   
,go?ic8 ,are we wait+ = somebody to     
inv5t x8 ,we ?9k1 maybe1 t x is to spr+ 
=?1 ready made1 l ,m9]va f ! bra9 (     
,zeus4 ,if ?is is our idea1 we might z  
well give up at once & confess to ! _w  
our imbecility4 ,nev]1 f ,adam's day to 
?is1 did anybody ev] inv5t a new        
ar*itecture4 ,x is purely a matt] (     
g5ealogy4 ,= j z we trace back a family 
l9e1 c we trace ! g5]ations ( art4      
,spite ( its complications1 _m an (f%oot
 c be foll[$ up directly to ! p>5t /ock4
 ,tak+1 = example1 ! m$ival ar*itecture 
( ,spa91 ! brilliant ',moresco1' we f9d 

x to be a comb9ation ( ! vigor\s ,go?ic 
( ! ,nor? ) ! beautiful ?\gh effem9ate  
,s>ac5ic--! exotic ( ! ,s\?4 ,& ( ^!    
latt]1 ea* is traceable1 ?\gh by diff]5t
 l9es1 to ! same great prototype1 !     
,roman4 ,= :5 ,rome 0 divid$1 ! ,dome   
fell to ! inh]itance ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire1
 & ! ,basilica 7:i* 0 only a ,greek     
temple turn$ inside out7 to ! ,we/]n4 ,!
 =m]1 jo9$ to ! ,arabian1 & ! latt] to !
 ,go?ic1 =m$ two great families1 f !    
union ( ^: desc5dants sprang ! ,moresco4
 ,b ev5 ! ,roman 0 a d]ivative /yle1    
lead+ u back successively ?r\gh ,greece1
 ,assyria1 & ,egypt4 ,ea* /ep is visibly
 alli$ to ! prec$+1 & yet h[ unlike !   
pyramid & ! ,spani% ca!dral6 ,did hi/ory
 p]mit1 all ! /yles t h ev] exi/$ c\ld  
be trac$ 9 ! same way2 x is q z easy to 
acc\nt = _! div]sities1 z = ^? ( !      
nations t produc$ !m4 ,ham & ,japhe? 7 (
 ! same h\sehold1 yet h[ diff]5t _!     
desc5dants ( to-day6 ,z f "o man sprang 
all p1 s 0 !re an orig9al g]m (         
ar*itecture f :i* all successive /yles h

 be5 d]iv$4  ,! composite =ms t h aris5 
s9ce comm]ce & civilization h br\ght !  
ends ( ! _w toge!r1 increase !          
complication4 ,!re h be5 m>riages &     
int]m>riages1 "s good mat*es & "s bad   
ones1 "s ) vigor\s & "s ) sickly (fspr+1
 & "s hybrids ( su* mon/r\s mal=mation z
 almo/ to make u fe> t a new /yle c be  
inv5t$4 ,b ! effect is impossible )\t ! 
cause4 ,save ! my/]i\s ,pyramids1 e     
/ructure extant ackn[l$ges its ance/ry4 
,if physiologi/s are fond ( claim+ !    
hi/ory ( ! race z "o ( _! own *apt]s1   
ar*itecture has at lea/ an equal claim4 
,b all ?is does n mean t we are m]e     
passive ag5ts 9 ! matt]4 ,we are1 9 a   
great measure1 ! 'ext]nal influ5ces' t  
modify art4 ,! motion exi/s1 b x        
devolves ^u u to give direction4  ,we h 
already allud$ to ,v5etian ar*itecture z
 be+ p>allel 9 orig9 & t5d5cy to our    
own1 & mu* c be ga9$1 we believe1 by a  
c>eful exam9ation ( :at x accompli%$4 ,n
 t we ought to copy1 l9e = l9e1 ! doge's
 palace or ! ,casa d',oro--! arabesque  

arcade1 or ! ,go?ic balcony--t w\ld only
 be foll[+ ! well-worn rut ( imitation4 
,we are n to /udy ! result1 b ! cause4  
,= ! causes t produc$ ! /yle 9 "q 7 n   
unlike :at we f9d at home to-day4 ,a    
comm]cial republic1 !re 0 ! same lib]ty 
( expression--! same prepond]ance ( !   
individual ov] ! national2 & !re1 z "h1 
are we attract$ r by ! elegance (       
indep5d5t units ?an by any g5]al unity (
 design4  ,b ! gr[? ( art 9 ,v5ice 7we  
ask special att5tion7 0 due to h] c5tral
 situation1 & ! simultane\s influx (    
=eign elem5ts4 ,x 0 h] comm]ce t made   
,v5ice great3 h] glory came & dep>t$ )  
x4 ,witness+1 z %e did1 ! developm5t (  
all ! m$ival /yles1 %e                  
became--geographically & hi/orically--! 
metropolis ( ar*itecture4 ',! ,greeks1' 
says ,rusk91 'gave ! %aft1 ,rome gave ! 
ar*1 ! ,arabs po9t$ & foliat$ ! ar*4444 
,opposite 9 _! "* & mission1 alike 9 _! 
magnific5ce ( en]gy1 !y came f ! ,nor? &
 f ! ,s\?--! glaci] torr5t & ! lava     
/ream1 !y met & cont5d$ ov] ! wreck ( ! 

,roman ,empire2 & ! v c5tre ( ! /ruggle1
 ! po9t ( pause ( bo?1 ! dead wat] ( !  
opposite eddies1 *>g$ ) embay$ fragm5ts 
( ! ,roman wreck1 is ,v5ice4  ',! ducal 
palace ( ,v5ice conta9s ! ?ree elem5ts 9
 exactly equal proportions1 ! ,roman1   
,lomb>d1 & ,arab4 ,x is ! c5tral build+ 
( ! _w4'  ,truly1 x 0 a glori\s success 
t art a*iev$ 9 ! ,italian republic1     
,:e!r ! old prec$5ts 7 violat$ or n1 !  
result is unque/ionably pleas+1 & !     
pleasure-seek+ t\ri/ l+]s !re z long z !
 critic4  ,at ?is transition /ate1 ?r\gh
 :i* ,v5ice pass$ s nobly1 h we n[      
arriv$4 ,we h collect$ our mat]ials1 &  
pil$ !m up toge!r1 b j z all seems mo/  
propiti\s1 le m\vem5t s'arrte1 !        
mat]ials w n coalesce4 ,! brass & !     
silv]1 ! iron & ! gold1 are all 9 !     
crucible1 b !re is no fusion1 only a    
discordant cla%4  ,alas6 !re is no heat4
 ,we are n w>m$1 z yet1 ) any love =    
art4 ,we are too mu* absorb$ 9 ! rapid  
accumulation ( weal?1 or ! pass+        
excitem5t ( ! h\r1 to att5d to any?+ t  

is noble or hone/ or beautiful4 ,& n[ t 
deva/at+ w> is sweep+ ?r\gh ! l& &      
clogg+ ! :eels ( progress1 we are le>n+ 
t]rible lessons2 b1 ) exp]i5ce = our    
tea*]1 le>n+ !m well4 ,:]e w> prevails1 
civilization = ! "t mu/ /& /ill4 ,int]  
arma sil5t--artes4 ,& s long z we       
consid] art a m>ketable commodity1 &    
consign x1 l m]*&ise1 to s\lless        
build]s1 s long w x rema9 9 hopeless    
embryo4 ,only by tak+ a p]sonal int]e/ 9
 x c we hope to make x our own4  ,s mu* 
= :at we h done4 ,!re is little to be   
pr\d (1 & little1 we hope1 t w influ5ce 
our future art4 ,to :i* we n[ turn our  
att5tion4  ,to beg9 )1 great public     
build+s w nev] =m a di/+ui%+ feature (  
,am]ican ar*itecture4 ,x is to be       
preem95tly a dome/ic /yle4 ,h]e9 %all we
 diff] f ! ,european nations1 = 9 art1 z
 9 politics1 ! p are ! rul]s4 ,x is     
disc\rag+1 at fir/ ?\ght1 to reflect t  
no su* magnific5t ar*itectural          
comb9ations z ^? ( ! ,fr5* capital c ev]
 f9d place 9 an ,am]ican city4 ,!y are  

gr&1 !y are sup]b1 ^! endless           
successions ( palaces & g>d5s &         
triumphal ar*es1 ) groves & f\nta9s all 
9 p]fect symmetry1 & well-balanc$ vi/as 
radiat+ 9 all directions2 b !y are !    
result ( c5turies ( despotism--( !      
impov]i%m5t ( ! _m & ! aggr&izem5t ( !  
few4 ,?is1 we hope1 is n to be ! fa%ion 
9 ,am]ica4 ,x is true t ! gr\nd plan = !
 city ( ,wa%+ton exhibits a design      
analog\s to ! above1 b we ?9k x w be a  
long "t be=e x exi/s else:]e ?an on !   
map4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans1 we "k1 conf9$
 _! ef=ts to public build+s1 b t 0 _!   
bus9ess4 ,!y s]v$ _! ,gov]nm5ts1 b our  
,gov]nm5t s]ves u3 ! _s ( ! age po9ts 9 
an opposite direction4 ,s9ce we are s   
fond ( ! classic1 :y n h *>iots =       
c>riages1 & triremes in/ead ( gunboats &
 /eam]s8  ,our real /yle w fir/ appe> 9 
our resid5ces & w>eh\ses1 9 our banks & 
hotels & railroad depots4 ,x s\nds odd1 
b x is manife/ly s to be4 ,we are a     
comm]cial republic4 ,old ,european      
palaces & ca!drals are d\btless v gr&1  

&--= ^? :o ne$ su* ?+s--mo/ excell5t    
models4 ,b ) u ! private elem5t already 
pr$om9ates2 we only ne$ to beg9 hone/ly1
 & ! ?+ is half done4  ,our national    
dread ( ,go?ic1 except x be = *ur*      
purposes1 %\ld be done away )4 ,! ,go?ic
 pr9ciple1 we mean2 ! /yle we may foll[ 
or may n4 ,b to be s9c]e & con/ructive1 
to build ) a purpose1 we mu/ d z did !  
m$ival build]s4 ,9 _! h&s1 our dagu]rean
 sky-lights & %ot t[]s1 our factory     
*imneys & signbo>ds1 w\ld h become      
glori\s objects1 become useful objects4 
,_! art did n conf9e itself to "o day 9 
sev52 x p]meat$ ! commone/ details (    
e-day life1 because !y 7 common4 ,h5ce  
!y ennobl$ ev]y?+4  ,b ! ,romans1       
un=tunately1 nev] _h any %ot t[]s1 or   
hotels1 or railroad depots1 & s we ?9k  
su* ?+s exceptions to ! ord9>y rules (  
ar*itecture4 ,b aft] all1 p]haps1 ?is is
 all ! bett] = _! future1 z x leaves !m 
comp>atively untrammell$4 ,9 ! matt] (  
railroad depots1 ,engl& has c]ta9ly /ol5
 a m>* ^u u1 ! l>ge city /ations 9 t    

rail-b\nd c\ntry be+ p]fect ,cry/al     
,palaces 9 size & elegance1 :ile ^? = ! 
m rural places are (t5 ! mo/ exquisite  
little villas1 unapproa*able 9 neatness 
& ta/e4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,cont95t1 !      
,swiss /yle has be5 press$ into ?is     
s]vice ) notable success4  ,9 reg>d to  
fire-al>m t[]s1 we rejoice to be able to
 make an exceptional rem>k4 ,new ,york  
city has actually produc$ two or ?ree ( 
^! ( new & elegant %ape1 p]fectly adapt$
 to _! purpose2 & yet1 s f> z we "k1 n  
copi$ f any?+ else4 ,^? 9 ,six? & ,?ird 
av5ues h a grace ( outl9e t is really   
elegant1 & %[ :at we c accompli% if we  
only build :at we want 9 a natural &    
appropriate way4  ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is to   
ex]t a va/] influ5ce on our /yle ?an !  
hotel4 ,?is 'in/itution1' z we h x1 is  
comp>atively unkn[n 9 ,europe2 beyond   
all nations are we a travell+ &         
hotel-build+ p4 ,our hotels h n gr[n up 
) ! scant traffic ( ! po/ *aise or      
dilig5ce2 !y ov]leap$ t feeble infancy1 
& />t$ at once ) ! railroad & /eamboat4 

,l>ge1 luxuri\s1 & well appo9t$1 !y are 
usually ! prom95t build+s 9 all our l>ge
 cities4  ,b z yet x is only _! size &  
social importance t di/+ui%es !m1 n _!  
ar*itecture4 ,! recipe = a fir/-class   
city h\se is simple3 a va/ squ>e front (
 :ite1 ) n9ety-six or a hundr$ & =ty-f\r
 w9d[s1 z ! case may be1 all alike1 &   
all equidi/ant4 ,! v>iety af=d$ by ?is  
arrangem5t is mu* ! same z t ( an uncut 
%eet ( po/age /amps4 ,9 su* l>ge masses1
 a s+le color--:ite especially--is      
always disagreeable1 unless treat$ ) "s 
v>iety ( =m4 ,brick1 ) /one dress+s1 w  
almo/ inv>iably produce a f9] front ?an 
/one alone4 ,b1 aft] all1 ! mo/         
desirable k9d ( v>iety is t :i* seeks to
 express ext]iorly ! inn] arrangem5t ( !
 build+1 by giv+ "s degree ( prom95ce to
 ! pr9cipal rooms4 ,z to int]ior1 our   
hotels neglect a gr& opportunity 9 mak+ 
no capital ( ! c5tral space !y g5]ally  
enclose4 ,?is1 in/ead ( be+ ab&on$ to   
cats & a% b>rels1 might be made !       
feature ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,fancy su* a    

c\rt ro($ ov] ) glass1#bc & surr\nd$ )  
light arcades ( ironwork =m+ a cont9u\s 
balcony at ea* /ory1 arrange a g>d5 9 ! 
c5tre ) a f\nta91 & give ! :ole a sort (
 ori5tal treatm5t1 & :at a really       
elegant effect c\ld be produc$6 ,! ma9  
entrance 9 ?is case w\ld be1 n on !     
/reet1 b on "o ( ! sides ( ?is inn]     
c\rt1 :ile an ar*$ c>riage way1 to      
connect ) ! /reet1 w\ld r5d] vehicles   
accessible "u cov]4 ,! arcades1 connect+
 all p>ts ( ! h\se1 w\ld take ! place ( 
halls & corridors1 besides =m+          
delightful prom5ades4 ,"s few hotels    
c\ld be nam$1 9 our l>ge cities1 :i*    
seem to h ! g]m ( ?is idea1 b we "k no  
in/ance ( its complete developm5t4      
,/ill we h great hopes ( ! hotel1       
because x is ! place ( all o!rs :i* x is
 to our int]e/ to make look well4 ,p g  
to ! po/ (fice all ! same1 be x a b>n or
 a p>!non1 b !y w g1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 
to ! be/ hotel4 ,"h comes 9 ! ,am]ican  
pr9ciple ( ,competition1 ! keynote ( all
 our ent]prise4 ,competition is to d = u

 :at ! hope ( e>?ly immortality did = ! 
build]s ( ! ,pyramids1 :at ! desire to  
glorify ,god did = ! build]s ( !        
ca!drals4 ,x is to be ! s\l ( our art3  
:at sort ( a body x is to put on1 we    
%all pres5tly see4 ,ev5 n[ x is safe to 
assume t no m su* granite prisons z !   
',rev]e' or ! ',a/or' w be built =      
hotels4 ,lightness1 v>iety1 & vivacity w
 m probably *>act]ize ?is /yle4  ,! %op 
front is some?+ t we mu/ h 9 "s %ape or 
o!r1 &1 if fairly treat$1 x w\ld become 
z decid$ly ,am]ican z bus9ess is4 ,x is 
susceptible ( great v>iety1 b c>e mu/ be
 tak5 t x h>monizes ) ! sup]/ructure4   
,h[ (t5 we see massive /ructures (      
m>ble1 five /ories or m1 support$ on    
basem5ts ( plate glass1 app>5tly2 :ile !
 real supports are c>efully conceal$6 ,!
 be/ me?od1 s f> tri$1 seems to be t 9  
:i* ! columns are made suffici5tly      
prom95t to %[ _! object1 & are surm\nt$ 
by ar*es1 :i* give a good basis = :at   
comes next above1 :ile af=d+ suffici5t  
w9d[ space to ! /ore front4  ,b we mu/  

make up our m9d to "p ) ^? hide\s       
signbo>ds1 :i* trail _! loa?some l5g?   
across our be/ build+s1 reg>dless (     
console or capital or cornice4 ,= !     
importance ( ! sign r5d]s x con/ructive1
 & x has z mu* "r to take "p 9 ! design 
z a door or a w9d[4 ,in/ead ( be+ p9n$  
on l an aft]?\ght1 x %\ld be built into 
! wall1 panel fa%ion1 & by a little ta/e
 9 ! selection ( ! /yle ( lett]1 x might
 become "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features ( !   
:ole front4 ,color w\ld be bett] = !    
lett]s ?an relief1 be+ m economical & m 
easily alt]$4  ,our w>eh\ses & ev5 our  
factories might become impos+ objects if
 appropriately conceiv$1 = is n labor   
ennobl+8 ,any?+ t is wor? do+1 is wor?  
do+ well2 & if any ( our manufactur+    
t[ns are hide\s1 !y are n necess>ily    
s4#bd ,!re is a c]ta9 gr&eur ab\t _m su*
 places1 ) _! myriad *imneys & pond]\s  
:eels & :irl+ eng9es1 t des]ves a       
correspond+ gr&eur ( expression1 & "s ( 
our ,p5nsylvania ironworks already af=d 
spl5did examples ( ?is4 ,we h seldom be5

 m impress$ by ! gr&eur ( me*anical     
op]ations ?an on a rec5t night visit to 
"o ( ! l>ge roll+ mills ( ,scranton4 ,! 
:ole int]ior1 va/ z a ca!dral1 0        
brilliantly light$ by ! num]\s op]ations
 9 molt5 & r$-hot iron t 7 ev]y:]e 9    
progress1 &1 ) its gleam+ furnaces1     
rang$ on ei!r h& d[n ! long vi/a1 & gl[+
 "h & !re f ! gall]ies1 really made u   
feel pr\d] ( our race ?an did _m a dim1 
dilapidat$ temple ( ! ,old ,_w4  ,z to  
*ur*es1 we _c expect mu*1 except t !y w 
be ta/eful & commodi\s audi5ce rooms1   
comm5surate ) ! importance ( _!         
congregations4 ,! religion ( to-day     
appeals to s\l1 & n to s\l & s5se4 ,! _w
 is old] & bett] educat$ ?an 9 ! ca!dral
 era1 & ! apo/les & prophets are read1 n
 f sculptur$ doors or pa9t$ w9d[s1 b f !
 pr9t$ page & ! w+$ ^w4 ,*ildhood1 t _c 
read1 requires gaudily pa9t$ prim]s =   
its in/ruction & amusem5t1 b ! _w is a  
gr[n man n[2 ! press has sup]s$$ !      
ca!dral1 & if we imitate ^? /ructures 9 
our *ur*es1 we %\ld be> 9 m9d t x 0 _!  

size t gave !m gr&eur1 & t !y w\ld be   
c>icatures )\t x4 ,we h he>d our        
,am]ican *ur* int]iors spok5 ( some:]e z
 divisible into two classes--!          
*>lotte-russe /yle & ! molasses-c&y     
/yle4 ,?is is n true1 we hope2 b !re is 
too mu* tru? 9 x1 = x %[s ! influ5ce ( a
 too close imitation ( ,european palaces
 & *ur*es1 & ! h>d %amm+ t has to be    
done to make ?is imitation app>5t4  ,if 
our rural ar*itecture has be5 m         
successful1 x is because our bett] class
 ( c\ntry h\ses are plann$ ) ref]5ce to 
! l&scapes !y occupy4 ,a ri* level mead[
 ) "h & !re a wav+ elm requires a       
diff]5t /yle ( h\se f a fir-clad bluff  
on a riv] bank or a wild gorge 9 a      
m\nta94 ,no intellig5t ar*itect1 we take
 x1 w\ld design a c\ntry h\se )\t an    
intimate acqua9tance ) ! surr\nd+s1 &   
yet ! same man1 likely z n1 w\ld make y 
a sket* = ! elevation ( y\r h\se 9 t[n1 
)\t ev5 look+ to see :at x 0 to adjo9 on
 ei!r side4 ,n[ ?is me?od may be        
correct1 b x seems to u t1 by fir/ putt+

 on pap] ! exi/+ h\ses1 say "o or two1  
on ea* side ( ! space to be built ^u1 ! 
new front c\ld be mu* bett] plann$1 &   
mu* ( t unnecess>y discord avoid$ :i*   
de/roys s _m ( our be/ /reets4 ,?is is  
:at is done 9 pa9t+ & o!r arts1 & :y n 9
 ar*itecture8 ,p>ticul> situations      
require p>ticul> treatm5ts4 ,a front t  
w\ld appe> well on a n>r[ /reet1 w\ld be
 inappropriate on a broad av5ue or a    
squ>e4 ,a corn]1 or ! head ( a /reet1   
are mo/ responsible situations4 ,a tall 
m>ble front1 plac$ 9 a mode/ r[ (       
free/one1 is hide\s1 & yet ! unreliev$  
monotony ( _m su* r[s is q z bad4 ,a    
dome1 unless at ! top ( a /reet or on "s
 op5 space1 is next to wor?less4 ,:o    
w\ld ev] notice ,bo/on ,/ate ,h\se or ! 
,baltimore ,ca!dral1 b = _! elevat$ &   
c5tral positions8  ,we (t5 f9d among !  
old ma/]s elegant ar*itectural pa9t+s1  
/reet views1 tak5 f ! picturesque cities
 !y liv$ 94 ,we %\ld l to f9d "s "o bold
 en\gh to pa9t a /reet view ( ,broadway 
or ,wa%+ton /reet or ,*e/nut /reet4  ,x 

is a pity t our ar*itects are unwill+ to
 ackn[l$ge ! importance ( ! buttress4   
,conc]n+ ?is feature1 x is n easy to say
 :e!r beauty or utility is mo/ app>5t4  
,x is ! v idealization ( /r5g?1 & h5ce  
its inh]5t elegance4 ,suppose ,ntre     
,dame or ,milan ,ca!dral /ripp$ ( _!    
d\ble ti]s ( fly+ buttresses4 ,w\ld y n 
say t _! glory 0 gone--_! beauty dep>t$8
 ,& yet ! old build]s did n pile !m up  
aga9/ _! naves = m]e beauty's sake4 ,by 
no means4 ,b !y knew ! imm5se weight (  
_! vault$ ro(s1 & anticipat$ ! outw>d   
?ru/ ( ! walls4 ,t 0 ! problem1 & mo/   
fairly 0 x met4 ,!y c\nt]act$ ! outw>d  
pressure f )9 by an inw>d pressure f    
)\t1 & !re 0 ! buttress4 ,b :at if !y _h
 said1 ,we are n go+ to spoil our f9e   
*ur*es by /ick+ props all ar\nd !m1 & _h
 resort$ to conceal$ b$plates &         
invisible rods ( iron1 w\ld _! /ructures
 h be5 bett] or nobl] or m endur+8      
,=tunately1 !y gave !mselves no conc]n1 
z to h[ !y w\ld look--= ar*itecture 0   
hone/ 9 ^? days--!y simply built !m1    

all[+ decoration to come 9 aft]w>d 9 its
 prop] ord]2 & !reupon ! buttress became
 ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,go?ic art4       
,p]haps ?is is ! v reason :y we s       
neglect x2 b symptoms are already appe>+
 :i* lead u to hope t go?ophobia is on !
 decl9e1 & n ! lea/ ( !m is ! outcropp+ 
( some?+ t w\ld be a buttress if x d>$  
to1 b hides its real int5tion "u a      
classic mask1 & passes (f z a pila/] or 
a panel bord]4 ,b x has a guilty look1 &
 ! soon] x puts (f its borr[$ g>m5ts !  
bett]4 ,c]ta9ly ! dem& = x is imm5se4 ,s
 long z we are a comm]cial p1 va/       
w>eh\ses1 pil$ f cell> to ro( ) heavy   
m]*&ise1 mu/ ab\nd 9 all our cities4 ,& 
yet h[ utt]ly incompet5t w\ld _m su*    
build+s be to /& alone6 ,s long1 too1 z 
we are a manufactur+ p1 mu/ we h huge   
mills cr[d$ full ) heavy app>atus1      
vibrat+ ma*9]y1 & human lives4 ,h we    
=gott5 ,lawr5ce8 ,let u n wait = ano!r  
su* holocau/ ere we le>n wisdom4 ,we c d
 )\t ornam5t1 b we mu/ h safety4 ,a m]e 
increase ( dead weight is no rem$y2 !re 

%\ld be a well-/udi$ me*anical          
disposition ( mat]ial4 ,if buttresses   
are appli$ to w>eh\ses & factories )    
sole ref]5ce to _! utility1 elegance w  
gr[ ^u !m aft]w>d z naturally z leaves  
gr[ ^u trees4  ,mat]ial mu/ dep5d mu* ^u
 locality1 b iron is und\bt$ly to hold  
an important place 9 our ar*itecture4   
,already x is ext5sively us$1 b does n  
seem to comm& g5]al favor4 ,! reason is 
t ne>ly ev]y?+ t has be5 done ) x s f>  
is n iron ar*itecture1 b /one           
ar*itecture done 9 iron4 ,we d n let x  
speak its own language2 ! truss1 ! tie  
rod1 & ! gird] are kept out ( sight1    
:ile e possible display is made (       
consoles & cornices & ,cor9?ian columns 
& balu/rades1 & all sorts ( =eign       
expressions4 ,no wond] t x is unable to 
give an acc\nt ( itself ) all ^! false  
witnesses4 ,/one h\ses %\ld be made (   
/one1 & if made ( wood or iron or pla/]1
 !y are no?+ b %ams1 un5dur+ &          
unsatisfactory4  ,n[ ar*itecture        
requires ! lea/ am\nt ( mat]ial t is    

compatible ) ! greate/ am\nt ( /r5g?4 ,!
 =ms ( diff]5t mat]ials mu/ be v>i$ to  
suit _! texture1 accord+ z x is fibr\s  
or cry/all9e1 t\gh or brittle4 ,iron1 ( 
c\rse1 requires a peculi> treatm5t4 ,at 
! risk ( be+ *>g$ ) p$antry1 we say t   
!re h nev] be5 b two iron build+s1 ( any
 pret5sion1 9 ?is c\ntry--! ,niag>a     
,susp5sion ,bridge & ! ,cry/al ,palace  
at ,new ,york4 ,! fir/ /ill speaks =    
itself2 & ( ! latt]1 no "o :o saw x c   
=get :at an exquisite /ructure x 01 s   
light & airy & elegant1 & yet s /rong4  
,x 0 b a bird cage1 ?\gh1 comp>$ ) its  
enorm\s prototype at ,syd5ham4 ,t is    
unque/ionably "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w2 its 
int]nal c\p d'oeil is )\t a p>allel4    
,fancy a broad level vi/a1 a ?ird ( a   
mile long1 flank$ on ei!r side by       
graceful groves ( ironwork1 & cov]$ ) a 
cont9u\s cry/al ar*1 a hundr$ feet above
 y\r head2 l9e x ) a pr(usion ( tropical
 foliage & clamb]+ v9es1 t gr[ z        
luxuriantly z 9 _! native woods1 &      
int]sp]s$ ) /atu>y & vases gleam+       

ev]y:]e ?r\gh ! ri* masses ( v]dure1    
:ile "h & !re f\nta9s ( r>e & exquisite 
design1 ris+ f broad m>ble bas9s1       
relieve )\t less5+ ! imm5se l5g?--& y   
may h "s fa9t idea ( ?is pe]less        
/ructure4 ',no mat]ial is us$ 9 x1' says
 ,f]gusson1 ':i* is n ! be/ = its       
purpose1 no con/ructive exp$i5t employ$ 
:i* 0 n absolutely necess>y1 & x dep5ds 
:olly = its effect on ! arrangem5t ( its
 p>ts & ! display ( its con/ruction4' ,x
 is 9 iron :at ,go?ic is 9 /one4        
,details1 if fairly /udi$1 w\ld d mu* to
 nationalize our ar*itecture4 ,:y %\ld  
we1 9 design+ a capital or cornice1 /ill
 cl+ to ! classic acan?us or honeysuckle
 ornam5t1 or ev5 ! ,engli% ivy1 :5 we h 
su* a fund ( our own8 ,! maize & !      
sug>cane1 ! potato blossom & ! cotton   
boll af=d s _m m9es ( treasure1 t x is  
surpris+ t !y h n already be5 work$4 ,9 
! ar*itecture ( ! ,c5tral ,p>k1 h[ev]1 a
 decid$ impetus has be5 giv5 9 ?is      
direction4 ,! details ( ! gr& t]race at 
! end ( ! ,mall are z elaborate z ^? ( a

 ,european ca!dral1 b !y are all        
,am]ican--all our own4  ,ano!r excell5t 
feature ( our city h\ses is t little    
/rip ( g>d5 9 front1 j )9 ! sidewalk4 ,=
 ?is1 too1 we ?9k we h "s claim (       
orig9ality4 ,at lea/ x is n ,european1 =
 9 ,b]l91 ,vi5na1 etc41 "s ( ! mo/      
palatial qu>t]s are )\t s mu* z a       
sidewalk--! pav+ /ones rea*+ f wall to  
wall4 ,su* b>r5ness ( arrangem5t _c be  
reliev$ by any ar*itecture1 nor 0 !re   
ev] a build+ s good t x c\ld n be       
improv$ by a sett+ ( foliage4 ,! p[] (  
mutual relief betwe5 art & nature is    
wond]ful4 ,to ?is is ow+ mu* ( ! effect 
( ! celebrat$ ',place ,napoleon1' ! c\rt
 ( ! ,new ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,! contra/   
betwe5 ! ri*ly wr\ght faades ( ,ca5 /one
 & ! foliage 9 ! c5tre1 is mo/ grateful 
to ! eye4 ,ev5 ! gr& quadrangle ( !     
,tuil]ies seems dismal aft] x1 gr& z are
 its ogre-ro($ 'pavilions' & triumphal  
ar*1 = x lacks ! refre%+ v]dure4 ,! eye 
we>ies ( ! ev]la/+ buff color4  ,n to   
ov]/ep ! subject1 we w say j "o ^w ab\t 

! /reet plans ( our cities4 ,x is really
 %ameful t ^! are n m /udi$4 ,no "o     
seems to ?9k ( adapt+ !m to ! surface ( 
! gr\nd1 b ev]y?+ mu/ ne$s be grad$     
flat1 & rectangul> blocks laid out      
!reon4 ,our ,we/]n cities1 p>ticul>ly1  
appe> to cry/allize 9 cubes--_! monotony
 is pa9ful4 ,an occasional introduction 
( ! curv$ /reet1 s common 9 ,brita91    
w\ld be a delightful relief4 ,! ,london 
',quadrant' is a sup]b example--! way 9 
:i* ! h\ses come into view1 "o by "o1 z 
y foll[ ! curve1 is n to be surpass$4 ,b
 ! *ief secret ( success 9 plott+ a t[n 
is to seize ^u ! natural irregul>ities (
 ! gr\nd1 & make !m "p & p>cel ( !      
design4 ,! beauty ( ,ed9burgh--!        
',scotti% ,a!ns1' z ,dugald ,/ew>t call$
 x--is entirely ow+ to ?is4 ,! new t[n  
is a 'wild]ness ( granite1 magnific5tly 
dull1' & ! old has b>ely en\gh ( !      
picturesque to save x f be+ hide\s4 ,b  
!re is a broad1 natural rav9e1 divid+ ! 
two1 :i* has be5 reta9$ 9 its orig9al   
%ape1 & be+ ta/efully arrang$ ) %rubb]y 

& t]rac$ walks1 =ms a f9e p>k4 ,ne> "o  
end ( ?is ! ,ca/le ,hill rises abruptly 
aga9/ ! old t[n1 :ile at ! o!r end !    
view is clos$ by ,calton ,hill1 ) its   
classic monum5ts1 & ,ar?ur's ,seat ris+ 
gr&ly beyond4 ,two or ?ree bridges af=d 
a level communication betwe5 ! old t[n &
 ! new1 & ,pr9ce's /reet1 ! ?or\ghf>e ( 
! latt]1 =ms a f9e t]race along ! nor!rn
 edge ( ! rav9e1 pass+ midway ! ,scott  
monum5t1 a sup]b spire ( ,go?ic4 ,?is   
latt] is p]haps ! only comm5dable       
feature p] se 9 ! city--= ! details (   
,ed9burgh are notably poor1 its         
pictorial effect aris+ solely f ! v     
happy mann] 9 :i* !y are gr\p$1         
amphi!atre-l1 ar\nd ! ',g>d5s4'  ,did   
su* a vale lie 9 ! track ( "o ( our     
cities1 we w\ld consid] x an unlucky    
blemi%1 to be fill$ up at once to !     
g5]al level4 ,x w\ld be nam$ 9 !        
contract z su*-&-su* 'sunk5 lots1' & z !
 ,ca/le ,rock 0 digg$ d[n & dump$ 91    
tax-pay]s w\ld rejoice ov] ! sav$       
c>tage4 ,hav+ ?us kill$ (f ,nature1 we  

w\ld put up squ>es ( h\ses ^u ! dead    
level1 :ile ! local pap]s w\ld comm5t ^u
 ! 'improvem5t ( prop]ty4'  ,if we only 
_h a ,napoleon "h1 "s ?9k1 8 ma/] m9d   
might arre/ ?is ,v&alism1 infuse "s     
sy/em into our rag-bag cities1 & make   
ea* a ,p>is4 ,b h we n ,public ,op9ion1 
/rong] ?an any despot8 ,let a little (  
?is curr5t1 guid$ by ta/e1 be turn$ into
 ! *annels ( art1 & ! results w soon be 
=?com+4 ,we seem to be hamp]$1 z yet1 ) 
a k9d ( feudal sy/em ( ar*itecture2 ?is 
w pres5tly be done away )1 = ! ,am]ican 
"* is eclectic1 & naturally selects &   
comb9es ! be/ 9 art1 z 9 politics &     
comm]ce4 ,to comb9e ,engli% good s5se   
)\t its heav9ess1 ,fr5* vivacity )\t its
 holl[ness1 & ! exub]ance ( ,g]man fancy
 )\t its in]tia--to comb9e & reflect all
 ^! %\ld be ! mission ( our ar*itecture4
  ,nei!r is x too mu* to say t a g5u9e  
love = art may h its be>+ on t "p ( u   
:i* is immortal4 ,n t any ( ^! ?+s w    
exi/ aft] ?is life1 b z *ildr5 are      
drill$ by _! tea*]s 9 _m /udies :i* h no

 practical be>+ on _! aft] life1 s may  
we consid] ourselves z only at bo>d+    
s*ool ) ,nature :ile 9 ?is pres5t       
tempor>y /ate2 & if %e has set u "s     
lessons :i* d n app]ta9 directly to our 
m exalt$ future1 we %\ld rememb] t ?is  
is h] me?od ( discipl9e4 ,b %e has done 
m2 %e has made ! v tasks delightful4    
,are n su* /udies m b5eficial &         
satisfactory ?an ! idl5ess & play :i*   
fill up s mu* ( our lives8  ,no /ud5t c 
succe$1 h[ev]1 :o tamely copies 8       
neighbor's "w4 ,let u hope1 !n1 t our   
art w soon drop its clumsy co/ume1 &    
take to itself some?+ natural &         
national2 t x w become1 z x %\ld1 ! type
 ( our ,we/]n civilization--a           
civilization t spreads itself1 n by     
sword or sceptre or crozi]1 b by life & 
lib]ty & light4     ,,jeff]son ,,davis  
,,& ,,repudiation ,,( ,,arkansas ,,bonds
  ,,lett] ,,no4 ,,iii ,,( ,,hon4 ,,rob]t
 ,j4 ,,walk]4                           
,london1 #aj ,half ,moon ,/reet1        
,piccadilly1                            

,janu>y #bh?1 #ahfd  ,9 two pamphlets1  
publi%$ by me la/ summ]1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son 
,davis 0 cle>ly convict$ ( su/a9+ !     
repudiation ( ! ,union ,bank bonds1 & ! 
,plant]s' ,bank bonds ( ! ,/ate (       
,mississippi4 ,^! pamphlets 7 mo/       
ext5sively circulat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & ^u ! cont95t 
( ,europe1 & sev]al conf$]ate writ]s h  
s9ce ref]r$ to !m2 b no attempt ev] has 
be5 made1 ei!r by ,mr4 ,davis himself1  
or by any ( 8 ag5ts or fri5ds1 to refute
 any "o ( ! facts or d$uctions conta9$ 9
 ^? pamphlets4 ,inde$1 ! facts 7 f\nd$  
^u au!ntic docum5ts1 (ficial pap]s1 &   
,mr4 ,davis's own two lett]s ov]        
signature1 pla9ly & unequivocally su/a9+
 ! repudiation ( ,mississippi4 ,x is    
true1 9 ! case ( ! ,union ,bank bonds ( 
,mississippi1 t ,mr4 ,davis ju/ifi$ _!  
repudiation on ! gr\nd t ! bonds ( !    
,/ate 7 uncon/itutional4 ,b ! utt]      
fallacy ( ?is position 0 %[n by two     
unanim\s decisions ( ! highe/ judicial  
tribunal ( ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 be=e 

:om ?is v "q 0 br\ght directly =        
adjudication1 affirm+ ! con/itutionality
 & validity ( ^! bonds4 ,:5 x is        
recollect$1 also1 t ?is 0 ! ,c\rt       
designat$ by ! ,con/itution & laws (    
,mississippi1 z ! tribunal to :i* !     
ultimate decision ( ?is "q 0 ref]r$1 !  
wret*$ "* ( ?is pretext mu/ be at once  
p]ceiv$4 ,mr4 ,davis's two repudiat+    
lett]s 7 publi%$ by him 9 ! spr+ & summ]
 ( #ahdi1 yet "o ( ^! decisions by !    
highe/ judicial tribunal ( ,mississippi1
 quot$ by me1 affirm+ ! validity &      
con/itutionality ( ^! v bonds1 0 made 9 
#ahdb1 & aga9 unanim\sly reaffirm$ 9    
#ahec4 ,b /ill1 ,mr4 ,davis adh]$ to !  
same position4 ,z to ! ,plant]s' ,bank  
bonds1 h[ev]1 ! repudiation ( :i* 0 %[n 
to h be5 ju/ifi$ by ,mr4 ,davis1 !re    
nev] 0 ev5 a pretext t !y 7 illegal or  
uncon/itutional4 ,nor is !re any =ce 9 !
 sugge/ion1 t ^! que/ions 7 decid$ be=e 
,mr4 ,davis came into public life4 ,!y 7
 cont9u\s que/ions1 con/antly discuss$ 9
 ! press & be=e legislative & judicial  

tribunals4 ,&1 we h se51 ev5 z late z   
#ahec1 f\r ye>s succe$+ ,mr4 ,davis's   
repudiat+ lett]s1 ! second decision 0   
made by ! highe/ judicial tribunal (    
,mississippi1 reaffirm+ ! validity &    
con/itutionality ( ^! bonds4  ,b ,i w n[
 cite ano!r in/ance ( ! advocacy (      
repudiation by ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis1   
/ill m flagiti\s ?an t ( ,mississippi4  
,x 0 t ( ! ,/ate bonds ( ,arkansas1 !   
validity & con/itutionality ( :i* nev]  
has be5 disput$4 ,a brief hi/ory ( ?is  
transaction is z foll[s3 ,9 #ahcj1      
,james ,smi?son1 an em95t & weal?y      
citiz5 ( ,london1 9 ! k+dom ( ,great    
,brita91 di$1 bequea?+1 by 8 la/ w &    
te/am5t1 ! :ole ( 8 prop]ty to ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ( ,am]ica1 9 tru/1 to f\nd at    
,wa%+ton1 "u ! "n ( ',! ,smi?sonian     
,in/itution1' an e/abli%m5t '= !        
increase ( diffusion ( k among m54'     
,aft] "s delay1 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 9 #ahcf1 pass$ an act1 accept+ !
 tru/1 & pl$g+ ! fai? ( ! ,gov]nm5t = ! 
fai?ful application ( ! money to ! noble

 purpose designat$ by ! illu/ri\s donor4
 ,"u ?is act1 ,ri*>d ,ru%1 "o ( our mo/ 
di/+ui%$ citiz5s1 :o _h be5 m9i/] to    
,engl& & to ,france1 & _h held !        
position ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate & ( !      
,treasury1 at ,wa%+ton1 0 s5t by !      
,gov]nm5t to ,london1 to obta9 f ! ,c\rt
 ( ,*anc]y ! fund1 am\nt+ to ov]        
#ejj1jjj4 ,x is usual 9 ! proce$+s ( !  
,engli% ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y1 :5 funds1 "u   
circum/ances l ^!1 are bequea!d to      
tru/ees = sci5tific or *>itable         
purposes1 n to "p ) ! money to ! tru/ee1
 except ^u 8 fil+ 9 c\rt absolute       
security = ! fai?ful fulfilm5t ( ! tru/4
 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ! ,high ,c\rt (    
,*anc]y 9 ,engl&1 consid]+ t to imply   
any la*es or neglect ( a tru/ s sacr$1  
on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 0 an idea n to be ent]ta9$1 did1 by _! 
decree1 )\t any security1 h& ov] all !  
money to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
to be appropriat$ to ! purpose designat$
 by ! donor1 receiv+ only ! pl$ge giv5  
by ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = !   

fai?ful appropriation ( ! money4 ,n[1 if
 !re ev] 0 any obligation1 t w\ld be    
consid]$ sacr$ by ! :ole civiliz$ _w1 x 
0 ?is1 & mo/ fai?fully has ! ,gov]nm5t (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates execut$ ?is tru/4 ,nay1
 x has done mu* m2 x has grant$ =ty     
acres ( gr\nd1 belong+ to ! ,gov]nm5t1 9
 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 gratuit\sly1 = !    
erection ( ! build+s ^u !m1 erect$ by ! 
,gov]nm5t1 are wor? l>gely m ?an ! :ole 
beque/4 ,n only has ! ,gov]nm5t done    
?is1 b1 ^u ! :ole fund receiv$ f ,mr4   
,smi?son1 x has always punctually paid  
an int]e/ ( six p] c5t4 9 gold ^u ! :ole
 sum1 & pl$g$ its fai? = a simil>       
p]petual paym5t4 ,x has also l>gely aid$
 ! in/itution by contributions to its   
museum1 collections1 & libr>y1 & by !   
gratuit\s s]vices ( public (fic]s 9 its 
behalf4 ,su* 0 ! bill pass$ by ,congress
 9 #ahdf1 & :i* has always be5 mo/      
fai?fully execut$4 ,s t ! in/itution is 
n[ e/abli%$ ^u a p]man5t basis1 & is    
fulfill+ all ! great & noble purposes   
propos$ by ! illu/ri\s donor4 ,n[1 9    

#ahcg1 ?is fund 0 receiv$ by ! ,gov]nm5t
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & inve/$ by !       
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ,mr4 ,woodbury1
 9 ! six p] c5t4 bonds ( ! ,/ate (      
,arkansas at p>1 to ! ext5t ( ov] half a
 million ( doll>s4 ,dur+ ! same ye>     
,arkansas inve/$ ?is money 9 a bank1    
entitl$ ',! ,real ,e/ate ,bank (        
,arkansas2' & ( :i* ! ,/ate 0 ! great   
/ockhold]4 ,9 #ahci1 ?is ,bank1 hav+    
loan$ out ^! funds to ! citiz5s (       
,arkansas1 became absolutely & totally  
insolv5t1 & has nev] be5 able to pay "o 
c5t on ! doll> to any ( its cr$itors4 ,9
 #ahci1 ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas fail$ to pay
 ! int]e/ on its bonds1 & f t day to ?is
 has nev] paid "o doll> ei!r ( int]e/ or
 pr9cipal on any ( ^! mo/ sacr$         
obligations4  ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahde1  
,i became ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 & hav+ tak5 ! deepe/     
int]e/ 9 ?is ,smi?sonian fund1 & 9 its  
fai?ful application to ! noble purpose (
 ! donor1 & inasmu* z "o ( my           
pr$ecessors _h inve/$ ^! funds 9 ^!     

bonds1 & ! ,gov]nm5t _h made itself     
directly responsible = ! fai?ful        
execution ( ?is tru/1 ,i endeavor$ to   
reclaim1 z f> z possible1 ?is money f ! 
,/ate ( ,arkansas1 & to induce ,congress
 to appropriate its own moneys to r$eem 
! pl$ge ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & fulfil ?is     
tru/4 ,my fir/ (ficial action on ?is    
subject 0 z foll[s3 ,by act ( ,congress1
 five p] c5t4 ( ! net proce$s ( ! sales 
( ! public l&s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9      
,arkansas 0 payable to t ,/ate1 = c]ta9 
purposes designat$ 9 ! act4 ,!re 01     
also1 an act ( ,congress 9 =ce1 au?oriz+
 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 :]e !re 7   
mutual debts & cr$its betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t
 & any o!r p]son1 to (fset any debt due 
by any cr$itor ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aga9/ 
any debt1 s f> z x w\ld g1 due by !     
,unit$ ,/ates to su* cr$itor4 ,i        
int]pret$ ?is act z au?oriz+ me to )hold
 ?is five p] c5t4 fund f ! ,/ate (      
,arkansas & appropriate x1 z f> z x w\ld
 g1 9 paym5t ( ! int]e/ :i* _h          
accumulat$ on ! bonds ( ! ,/ate (       

,arkansas1 9 :i* my pr$ecessor1 ,mr4    
,woodbury1 on behalf ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 _h  
inve/$ ! ,smi?sonian ,fund2 ?us sav+ a  
small portion ( ! int]e/ :i* _h accru$  
on ^! bonds4 ,= ?is act ,i 0 viol5tly   
d5\nc$ by ! ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives (
 ,arkansas 9 ,congress1 z also by !     
,legislature & ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate1 &    
/r5u\s ef=ts 7 made1 unsuccessfully1    
fir/ to induce me to revoke my action1  
&1 secondly1 to h x ov]rul$ by !        
,gov]nm5t4 ,b ,i adh]$ to x1 & decl>$   
op5ly1 t if su* a brea* ( tru/ 7        
consummat$1 & my action ov]rul$ 9 !     
premises1 ,i w\ld resign my seat 9 !    
cab9et4 ,my (ficial action1 h[ev]1 0    
su/a9$ by an almo/ unanim\s public      
s5tim5t ( ,congress1 & ( ! c\ntry4      
,inde$1 beyond ! limits ( ! ,/ate (     
,arkansas1 & ! circle ( ! repudiators ( 
,mississippi1 my c\rse 0 su/a9$ &       
approv$4  ,n[1 !n1 let u see :at 0 !    
action ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis on ! "q (
 ^! ,arkansas bonds4 ,on ref]5ce to !   
j\rnals ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ( !

 ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x appe>s t
 ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis took 8 seat 9 t  
body1 z "o ( ! memb]s elect f ! ,/ate ( 
,mississippi1 on ! #h? ( ,decemb]1      
#ahde4 7,p4 #ef47 ,:5 ! bill 0 p5d+ =   
organiz+ ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 &   
mak+ good = bo? pr9cipal & int]e/1 ! sum
 bequea!d by ,mr4 ,smi?son t _h be5     
inve/$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
9 ^! ,arkansas ,/ate bonds1 ,mr4        
,jeff]son ,davis1 on ! #bi? ,april1     
#ahdf1 z appe>s by ! (ficial proce$+s ( 
! ,h\se1 page #gdi1 mov$ an am5dm5t3    
',to add at ! end ( ! section !         
foll[+'--',provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t if !      
,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas %all make
 x appe> to ! satisfaction ( !          
,attorney-,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t he
 has us$ suitable means to obta9 f !    
,real ,e/ate ,bank ( ! ,/ate (          
,arkansas1 paym5t ( ! debt due by said  
,bank to ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas1 b )\t     
success1 !n1 9 t case1 & until ! arre>s 
due by ! said ,real ,e/ate ,bank %all h 
be5 receiv$ into ! ,treasury ( ! ,/ate (

 ,arkansas1 ! said ,/ate %all be & is   
h]eby decl>$ to be absolv$ f ! promises 
on ! face ( h] bonds by :i* ! said ,/ate
 h]et(ore pl$g$ h] fai? = ! due paym5t (
 ! pr9cipal & int]e/ ( said bonds4' ,n[1
 !n1 x w be rememb]$1 t ! legality &    
con/itutionality ( ^! ,arkansas ,/ate   
bonds nev] has be5 disput$4 ,^! bonds 7 
issu$ by ! ,/ate1 "u direct au?ority (  
law1 sign$ by ! ,gov]nor1 ) ! broad seal
 ( ! ,/ate atta*$1 & recogniz$ by !     
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by !       
inve/m5t ( ?is sacr$ fund 9 ^!          
obligations4 ,nay1 m1 ?is fund ?us      
receiv$ by ! ,/ate f ! ,gov]nm5t on ^!  
bonds1 _h be5 inve/$1 "u ! law ( ! ,/ate
 ( ,arkansas1 9 a ,real ,e/ate ,bank1   
creat$ by t ,/ate1 & ! money loan$ to ! 
citiz5s ( ! ,/ate4 ,t ,/ate ,bank1      
h[ev]1 9 #ahci1 became utt]ly &         
notori\sly insolv5t1 & nev] did or c\ld 
pay "o c5t 9 ! doll> on its obligations4
 ,&1 m especially1 nev] did x pay1 aft] 
#ahci1 "o s+le c5t ( ! pr9cipal or      
int]e/ ^u ^! ,/ate obligations4 ,n[1 !n1

 ?is in/itution1 9 #ahdf1 be+ absolutely
 & totally insolv5t1 its funds hav+ be5 
wa/$ & squ&]$ )\t ! possibility (       
recov]y1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ,mr4      
,davis (f]s ?is resolution to au?orize !
 ,/ate to repudiate its bonds1 & t !    
,gov]nm5t %\ld look only to ?is insolv5t
 ,bank = ! paym5t ( ! pr9cipal & int]e/ 
on ^! bonds1 am\nt+ !n to ov] #gjj1jjj4 
,x 0 n alleg$ by ,mr4 ,davis1 or by any 
o!r p]son1 t ^! bonds 7 uncon/itutional4
 ,no su* pretext 0 ev] made ev5 by !    
,/ate ( ,arkansas4 ,x 0 a mo/ atroci\s  
case ( op5 repudiation4 ,& "h1 x matt]s 
n1 s f> z ?is "q is conc]n$1 :at may h  
be5 ! obligation ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to make good ^! funds4 ,t 
is a totally di/9ct & indep5d5t "q4 ,!  
true & real issue 9 ?is case is ?is3 ,0 
n ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas b\nd to pay ^!    
bonds1 bo? int]e/ & pr9cipal1 z x fell  
due1 91 :i* bonds1 by ! reque/ &        
au?ority ( ! ,/ate1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates _h inve/$ ?is ,smi?sonian 
fund8 ,?is obligation ( ! ,/ate (       

,arkansas1 bo? moral & legal1 is        
undisput$ & indisputable2 & yet ,mr4    
,davis mov$ ! resolution be=e quot$1    
absolv+ ! ,/ate f ! paym5t ( ! pr9cipal 
& int]e/ ( ^! bonds1 except s f> z !    
assets ( h] own ,bank1 !n notori\sly    
bankrupt1 %\ld avail to make good ^!    
obligations4 ,t is1 ! ,congress ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 by solemn act1 0 to      
au?orize ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas to         
repudiate h] solemn obligations4        
,recollect1 ?is 0 n a case (            
,mississippi bonds1 ( :i* ,/ate ,mr4    
,davis 0 !n a ,repres5tative 9          
,congress1 b x 0 ! case ( ,arkansas1    
ano!r ,/ate1 hav+ on ! floor ( ,congress
 its own ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives4 ,b 
x is a v rem>kable fact1 t ,mississippi1
 = _m ye>s1 _h !n repudiat$ h] own      
bonds1 t ,mr4 ,davis ju/ifi$ & su/a9$ t 
repudiation1 & t n[ he appe>s on behalf 
( ,arkansas to induce ,congress1 by     
solemn act1 to au?orize t ,/ate to      
repudiate h] obligations also4 ,?us 0 x 
t ,mr4 ,davis travell$ out ( 8 own ,/ate

 into ano!r1 to make ! ,gov]nm5t ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates a p>ty to ! repudiation ( 
h] bonds by ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas4 ,let me
 n be misund]/ood4 ,i d n mean to say1 t
 ,mr4 ,davis propos$ or int5d$ t !      
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld        
repudiate its fai?1 plight$ to ! ,briti%
 ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y1 to make good ?is fund4
 ,t is n ! "q4 ,x is entirely collat]al4
 ,b1 :at he did d 0 ?is1 & !re /&s 8 own
 resolution1 (f]$ by himself 9 !        
,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i*1 if    
c>ri$ into effect1 w\ld h releas$ !     
,/ate ( ,arkansas f ^! bonds1 or1 9 ,mr4
 ,davis's own words1 ',! said ,/ate %all
 be & is h]eby decl>$ to be absolv$ f ! 
promises on ! face ( h] bonds1 by :i* ! 
said ,/ate h]et(ore pl$g$ h] fai? = !   
due paym5t ( ! pr9cipal & int]e/ ( said 
bonds4'  ,:y %\ld ,congress release     
,arkansas f ! paym5t ( h] ,/ate         
obligations8 ,:y ?us ju/ify !           
repudiation ( h] bonds8 ,c any o!r      
reason be assign$ ?an ?is1 t ,mr4       
,jeff]son ,davis 0 look+ to ! repudiat$ 

bonds ( ,mississippi1 & 0 endeavor+ to  
e/abli% a prec$5t1 by solemn act ( !    
,congress1 by :i*1 if adopt$ z a        
pr9ciple1 ,mississippi1 & e o!r default+
 ,/ate1 c\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 ! repudiation 
( _! bonds also4 ,x is to ! cr$it ( !   
,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t ,mr4     
,davis's resolution 0 reject$ )\t a     
division1 & )\t a c\nt4 ,:5 x is        
recollect$1 t at ?is v "t1 ,i1 z        
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 0 appropriat+ !
 five p] c5t4 f\nd payable by !         
,gov]nm5t to ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas t[>d ! 
liquidation ( ^! bonds aga9/ ! prote/ ( 
t ,/ate1 ! fur!r mean+ ( ^! movem5ts w  
be cle>ly p]ceiv$4 ,_h ?is resolution ( 
,mr4 ,davis pass$ ! two ,h\ses (        
,congress1 absolv+ ! ,/ate ( ,arkansas f
 ! paym5t ( ^! bonds1 ,i c\ld1 ( c\rse1 
z ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 no long] h   
)held t fund f ! ,/ate1 & appropriat$ x1
 s f> z x w5t1 t[>d ! liquidation ( !   
int]e/ accru$ & accru+ on ^! bonds4 ,x  
appe>s1 !n1 by conclusive & (ficial     
evid5ce1 t ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis's      

repudiation ( ,/ate obligations1 0 n    
conf9$ to 8 own ,/ate1 nor ev5 to !     
,/ate ( ,arkansas2 b t he desir$ to make
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by      
solemn act ( ,congress1 a p>ty directly 
sanction+ su* atroci\s violations (     
,/ate fai? & ,/ate obligations4         
,r4 ,j4 ,,walk]4     ,,aphorisms4       
,,no4 ,,iii4  ,,two ,,rules4-,to get    
safely & com=tably ?r\gh ! _w1 "o mu/   
obs]ve two rules3 fir/1 keep y\r eyes   
op52 second1 keep !m %ut4  ,n to see !  
actual realities ( our daily exi/5ce1 is
 ! "p ( a fool4  ,n to notice ! ?\s& &  
"o petty faults ( o!rs1 & ! ev]-recurr+ 
petty annoyances ( our circum/ances1 is 
! "p ( a wise man4  ,ev5 injuries       
int5tionally done to u1 are (t5 be/     
dispos$ ( by resolutely ignor+ !m4  ,s (
 evils t _c be rem$i$--! less we "k ( !m
 ! bett]4 ,n to see an ill sight1 is (t5
 j z good z to remove x f exi/5ce4  ,we 
ne$ only to add3 ,?is see+ & n see+1    
dep5ds v mu* ^u ! w4 ,! wolf t wills x c
 easily see ! lamb di/urb+ ! wat] t he  

dr9ks1 ev5 :ile ! lamb is bel[ him on ! 
bank ( ! /ream2 & ! lamb1 by a /]n      
resolve1 c refuse to see ! inju/ice :i* 
x has no p[] to rem$y4 ,! w ( man is    
little less ?an omnipot5t 9 ! wide sph]e
 ( its appropriate p[]2 & t sph]e is mu*
 wid] ?an feeble-m9d$ p may suppose4    
,,lit]>y ,,notices4       ,,life ,,&    
,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,!odore ,,p>k]1    
,m9i/] (      ! ,tw5ty-eigh?            
,congregational ,society1 ,bo/on4 ,by   
,,john      ,,weiss4 ,9 #b volumes4 ,new
 ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41 #ddc  #dde 
,broadway4  ,a "w ( two l>ge octavo     
volumes1 conta9+ #a1jbj pages1 ) two    
portraits ( ,mr4 ,p>k]1 & "s vignettes  
on wood4 ,! au?or is ,john ,weiss1 & !  
biography is exce$+ly well writt51 a    
great deal ( x be+ giv5 directly f ,mr4 
,p>k]'s own lett]s & j\rnals4 ,he 0 born
 9 ,massa*usetts 9 #ahaj1 & di$ 9 ,italy
 be=e he _h complet$ 8 fiftie? ye>4 ,he 
0 br\ght up on 8 fa!r's f>m1 taught     
s*ool :ile 9 8 te5s to provide money =  
fur!r progress1 prep>$ himself = !      

univ]sity1 taught a high] s*ool dur+ 8  
college c\rse1 /udi$ ! classics1 acquir$
 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani%1 became a     
div9ity /ud5t 9 ,cambridge1 add$ ,dani%1
 ,sw$i%1 ,arabic & ,syriac1             
,anglo-,saxon & ,mod]n ,greek1 0 orda9$ 
a ,unit>ian m9i/] 9 #ahcg1 & settl$ at  
,we/ ,roxbury4 ,8 labors 7 great3 he    
prea*$1 lectur$1 translat$1 edit$1 &    
wrote4 ,8 heal? sank "u 8 ardu\s m5tal  
toil4 ,he w5t abroad to rega9 x1 & di$ 9
 ,flor5ce 9 #ahfj4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ( 
8 cre$1 z a prea*] he 0 able & e>ne/4   
,he 0 a man ( v>i$ gifts1 ( wide &      
detail$ culture4 ,he 0 oppos$ to slav]y1
 & /ood 9 bold antagonism to ! ,fugitive
 ,slave ,law4 ,he 0 blam$1 p]haps       
malign$1 dur+ 8 lifetime1 b po/]ity w   
ackn[l$ge him z a man ( l>ge bra9 &     
g5]\s he>t4 ,8 lett]s are exce$+ly      
int]e/+1 t\*+ ^u almo/ e subject n[ "u  
discussion4    ',w\ld y be good1 & fill 
ea* human duty8   ,"o art's en\gh = t--!
 f9e/ art--   ,see b ! good 9 e human   
he>t4'       ,,0 ,,he ,,successful8 ,a  

,novel4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,b4      ,,kimball1 
,au?or ( ',/4 ,leg]1' ',und]curr5ts1'   
',romance (      ,/ud5t ,life1' etc4    
,new ,york2 ,c>leton1 publi%]1 #dac     
,broadway4      ,leipsic3 ,tau*nitz4    
#ahfd4  ,! read]s ( ,,! ,,cont95tal h   
be5 favor$ ) ! fir/ p]usal ( ?is        
monitory novel4 ,x is an accurate       
del9eation ( m5 & mann]s f\nd too       
frequ5tly 9 our mid/1 & ! moral %\ld be 
deeply grav5 on e he>t4 ,we feel ! m at 
lib]ty to recomm5d ?is "w1 z x 0 comm5c$
 9 our columns be=e ! pres5t corps (    
editors _h ent]$ ^u _! labors1 & we     
cordially wi% e species ( success to    
,mr4 ,kimball4       ,,musical          
,,sket*es4 ,by ,,eliza ,,polko4         
,translat$ f      ! six? ,g]man edition1
 by ,,fanny ,,full]4 ,philadelphia3     
,fr$]ick ,leypoldt4 ,new ,york3 ,f4 ,w4 
,*ri/]n4  ,we ?9k ?is book w become a   
favorite ) our p4 ,x conta9s sket*es1   
leg5ds1 & traditions ( _m ( ! great     
musicians4 ,ba*1 ,gluck1 ,moz>t1        
,m5delssohn1 ,p]golesi1 ,s*ub]t1        

,sc>latti1 ,web]1 ,pagan9i1 ,gretry1    
,catalani1 ,malibran1 ,h&el1 ,&]le1     
,haydn1 ,boieldieu1 ,cim>osa1 ,bee?ov51 
,lully1 ,b]g]1 etc41 float pleasantly   
?r\gh its fanciful pages4 ,romance &    
reality m+le g5ially toge!r1 ! reality  
half p]suad+ u t ! romance is true4 ,x  
is appreciative & t5d] 9 ! orig9al1 & ! 
translation is well execut$4 ,! vignette
 ( ! music-mak+ *]ubs is really         
beautiful4       ,,husks4 ,,colonel     
,,floyd',s ,,w>ds4 ,by ,,m>ion ,,h>l&4  
,new ,york3 ,%eldon  ,co41 #cce         
,broadway4  ,few "y writ]s h atta9$ s   
sudd5 a popul>ity z ,m>ion ,h>l&4 ,we   
believe x well des]v$4 ,h] plots are    
int]e/+1 h] *>act]s well drawn1 h] /yle 
natural1 h] morals unexceptionable4 ,( !
 two tales compos+ ! pres5t volume1 we  
pref] ',colonel ,floyd's ,w>ds4' ,!     
int]e/ is well su/a9$1 & ,virg9ian      
society & mann]s tru?fully depict$4     
,,di>y1 f ,novemb] #ah1 #ahfb1 to       
,octob] #ah1 #ahfc4 ,by      ,,adam     
,,gur[ski4 ,volume ,second4 ,new ,york3 

,c>leton1      publi%]1 #dac ,broadway4 
,has ,c\nt ,gur[ski's c\rse t[>d 8 own  
un=tunate c\ntry1 h]oic ,pol&1 be5      
suffici5tly loyal & fai?ful to induce u 
to put mu* confid5ce 9 8 portraitures ( 
! m5 & ev5ts ( ! l& ( 8 adoption8       
,,! ,,great ,,consummation4 ,,!         
,,mill5nial ,,re/2 or1 ,! ,_w      z x  
,w ,be4 ,by ,,rev4 ,,john ,,cumm+1 ,d4  
,d41 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,e41      ,m9i/] ( !   
,scotti% ,national ,*ur*1 ,cr[n ,c\rt1  
,cov5t      ,g>d52 ,au?or ( ',! ,great  
,tribulation1' & ',! ,great             
,prep>ation4' ,second ,s]ies4 ,new      
,york3 ,c>leton1 publi%]1 #dac          
,broadway4  ,! writ+s ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4    
,cumm+ are too well kn[n to ! public to 
ne$ any *>act]ization at our h&s4 ,8    
/yle is cle> & simple1 & we believe x is
 8 desire to awak5 & w9 s\ls4 ,al?\gh   
frequ5tly miscompreh5d+ ! dogmas ( ! ,"m
 ,*ur*1 he is nei!r n>r[ nor bigot$ 9 8 
religi\s views4 ,9 ! volume "u          
consid]ation1 he takes passages f\nd    
pr9cipally 9 ,isaiah & ,revelations z   

texts to describe ! ,mill5nium :i* he   
believes at h&4 ,he /rives to inculcate 
! lesson1 ',be ye !re=e ready4'         
,,cudjo',s ,,cave4 ,by ,j4 ,t4          
,,tr[bridge1 ,au?or (      ',neighbor   
,jackwood1' ',! ,drumm] ,boy1' etc4     
,bo/on3 ,tilton  ,co4  ,we believe ,mr4 
,tr[bridge has a*iev$ a real success 9 8
 ,cudjo4 ,! plot is well conceiv$ &     
su/a9$1 & ! int]e/ nev] flags f ! fir/  
page to ! la/4 ,!re is no dull read+ 9 !
 book1 no int]m9able preludes or        
introductions4 ,we are pres5t$ 9 ! v    
fir/ *apt] to ! h]o1 ! "y s*oolma/]1    
ab\t to be t>r$ & fea!r$ by a brutal    
mob4 ,& a real h]o he proves himself 9 8
 g5tl5ess1 consci5ti\sness1 & manly     
moral & physical c\rage4 ,c>l1 ! ,g]man 
boy1 is an inimitable picture ( "y      
,g]man life & "*4 ,toby1 ! h\se negro1  
is1 9 8 m+l$ /upidity1 cunn+1 &         
fai?fulness1 drawn to ! life4 ,nor are !
 negroes ( ! cave less excell5t4 ,ev5ts 
hurry =w>d1 diff]5t *>act]s are /rangely
 gr\p$1 new elem5ts & capacities        

con/antly develop$1 :ile tru? to !      
orig9al conception is con/antly adh]$   
to4 ,graphic descriptions & picturesque 
situations ab\nd4 ,if sc5es ( viol5ce   
occur1 x is because !y are true to !    
hi/ory ( ! h\r4 ,we close by extract+ ! 
clos+ s5t5ce ( ?is loyal & natural      
novel3 ',= peaceful days1 a peaceful &  
sunny lit]ature3 & may ,heav5 ha/5 ! "t 
:5 !re %all be no m /rife1 & no m human 
bondage2 :51 "u ! folds ( ! />ry flag1 f
 ! lake *a9 to ! gulf1 & f sea to sea1  
fre$om1 peace1 & righte\sness %all      
reign2 :5 all m5 %all love ea* o!r1 & ! 
nations %all "k ,god6'        ,,unit$   
,,/ates ,,wall ,,atlas4 ,con/ruct$ &    
drawn "u !      direction ( ,a4 ,,guyot1
 by ,,erne/ ,,s&oz4 ,new      ,york3    
,publi%$ by ,*>les ,scribn]1 #abd ,gr&  
/reet4  ,?is is a physical map ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 giv+ ! altitudes 7)9     
c]ta9 limits7 ( ! surface ( ! l&1 !     
height ( ! pr9cipal m\nta9s1 ! c\rses ( 
! ranges & also ( ! riv]s1 toge!r ) _m  
o!r int]e/+ p>ticul>s4 ,! pr9cipal      

political divisions & ! *ief t[ns are   
also indicat$4 ,! names ( t pr(\nd &    
e>ne/ savant1 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,guyot1 & ( 8   
tal5t$ nephew1 ,e4 ,s&oz1 are a         
suffici5t gu>antee ( ! accuracy &       
excell5ce ( ?is useful "w4        ,a    
,,budget ,,( ,,fun ,,= ,,little ,,folks4
 ,by ,,aunt ,,maggie4      ,bo/on3      
,lor+1 publi%]1 #cai ,wa%+ton /reet4    
,,jean ,,bel92 or1 ,! ,adv5tures ( a    
,little ,fr5* ,boy4 ,by      ,,alfr$    
,,de ,,brehat4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4    
,bo/on3      ,lor+1 publi%]1 #cai       
,wa%+ton /reet4 ,= sale by ,o4 ,s4      
,felt1      #cf ,walk] /reet1 ,new      
,york4  ,two v pleasant books = *ildr54 
,! fir/ conta9s ! adv5tures ( a knitt+  
society1 int]sp]s$ ) sundry novel fairy 
tales1 & ! second is int5d$ to supply ! 
ne$ felt by all ! little ones :5        
',rob9son ,crusoe' & ! ',swiss ,family  
,rob9son' h be5 exhau/$4 ,! tale is     
lively & well told1 & ! *>act]s natural 
& ably su/a9$4 ,we notice 9 bo? works an
 occasional inaccuracy ( expression4    

,su* slight blemi%es d n mat]ially      
impair ! excell5ce ( ^! sprightly       
volumes1 b a little m att5tion w\ld h   
suffic$ to r5d] !m entirely free f      
error4 ,! examples ( language plac$ be=e
 y\? _c be too c>efully revis$4 ,) ?is  
m9ute exception1 we he>tily recomm5d !  
',budget ( ,fun' & ',jean ,bel91'       
especially ! latt]1 to all "y p4        
,,c>rot-,,pomade1 ) tw5ty-six           
,illu/rations by      ,,augu/us ,,hopp94
 ',hair t5 c>ats f9e4' ,new ,york3      
,james      ,g4 ,gregory1 publi%]1 #df  
,walk] /reet4  ,a ludicr\s satire1 &    
well des]v$1 on ! g5]al /yle (          
adv]tisem5ts4 ,hopp9 is too well kn[n to
 ne$ laudation4 ,8 illu/rations are     
irresi/ibly comic4 ,:at c\ld be happi]  
?an ! cupids ( ! bru% & comb on !       
frontispiece8 ,! poor 'krittur :i*      
furni%$ ! grease' is well conceiv$ &    
execut$4       ,,poems4 ,by ,,h5ry      
,,pet]son4 ,philadelphia3 ,j4 ,b4       
,lipp9cott4  ,a volume ( graceful v]ses4
 ,we quote its d$ication3 ',to ! memb]s 

( t h>d-work+1 poorly rew>d$ editorial  
pr(ession1 :o make s _m reputations =   
o!rs1 & s few = !mselves1 ?is book is   
respectfully d$icat$ by "o ( !          
frat]nity4' ',abra's ,vision' is a happy
 r5d]+ ( ,leigh ,hunt's ',ab\ ,b5       
,adhem4'       ,,appleton',s ,,unit$    
,,/ates ,,po/al ,,guide2 conta9+ !      
,*ief ,regulations ( ! ,po/ ,(fice2 & a 
complete ,li/ ( ,po/      ,(fices       
?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) o!r in=mation
 =      ! ,p4 ,publi%$ ,qu>t]ly4 ,new   
,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41 #ddc        
#dde ,broadway4 ,"o doll> p] annum4     
,price1 #be c5ts4  ,?is volume has be5  
prep>$ ) ! sanction ( ,mr4 ,blair1      
,po/ma/] ,g5]al1 & is an au?oriz$ m$ium 
( in=mation betwe5 ! ,po/ ,(fice        
,dep>tm5t & ! public4 ,x meets a want v 
g5]ally felt1 & w be welcom$ by !       
community at l>ge4 ,its table ( cont5ts 
is a full "o2 we h space b = a few      
items3 ',(fic]s1 & rec5t ,ord]s ( !     
,dep>tm5t2 ,rates ( ,po/age to ,=eign   
,c\ntries2 ,rates ( ,dome/ic ,po/age2   

,date ( ,sail+ ( ,=eign ,/eam]s2        
,e/abli%m5t ( ,po/ ,(fices2 ,mail       
,contracts2 ,p5alties 9 c]ta9 cases2    
,sugge/ions to ! ,public2 ,"t occupi$ 9 
! transmission ( ,lett]s2 ,local ,po/   
,(fice ,regulations2 ,li/ ( ,po/ ,(fices
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 etc4 ,we reg>d !    
cond5sation ( important & inde$ almo/   
necess>y in=mation z ( great value to   
our p4       ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,! ,,birds4  
,by ,,*>les ,,godfrey ,,lel&4           
,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,moras4 ,philadelphia3
 ,fr$]ick ,leypoldt1      publi%]4 ,new 
,york3 = sale by ,f4 ,w4 ,*ri/]n1 #gfc  
,broadway4  ,an exquisite volume1       
conta9+ illum9at$ pictures ( ! ,birds ( 
! ,leg5ds4 ,v beautiful are ! leg5ds1   
t5d]ly & simply told 9 ! gold5 words ( a
 poet4 ,!y are calculat$ to tea* u      
humanity t[>d ! w+$ creatures ( ! air1 s
 (t5 ! victims ( our cruel sports4 ,we h
 ,! ,swall[1 ,! ,eagle1 ,! ,rob91 ,!    
,cock1 ,! ,swan1 ,! ,falcon1 ,! ,wood   
,dove1 ,! ,humm+ ,bird1 ,! ,sc>let      
,tannag]1 ,! ,peacock1 & ,! ,owl1 ea*   

bird occupy+ 8 own illum9at$ page2 ea* )
 8 own simple & t\*+ leg5d4 ,mr4 ,lel&'s
 little poems w speak to _m a he>t1 & _m
 a "m w read !m al\d to ! wild boys     
begg+ = guns to deva/ate our =e/s1 to   
inspire !m ) m]cy = ^! fly+ fl[]s1 ^!   
musicians ( ! air4 ,pap]1 pr9t1 type1   
arabesques1 & designs1 are excell5t4 ,we
 he>tily congratulate ,mr4 ,leypoldt on 
! beauty ( ! publication4       ,,h&    
,,book ,,( ,,cali/h5ics ,,& ,,gymna/ics3
 ,a ,complete ,drill      ,book =       
,s*ools1 ,families1 & ,gymnasiums4 ,)   
,music to accompany      ! ,ex]cises4   
,illu/rat$ f orig9al designs4 ,by ,j4   
,,madison      ,,watson4 ,new ,york &   
,philadelphia3 ,s*]m]horn1 ,bancr(t     
,co4 ,*icago3 ,george ,%]wood4 #ahfd4   
,! ,am]ican p are wak+ up to !          
importance ( physical culture1 /ruggl+  
to develop muscle1 to /r5g!n weak n]ves1
 & to build up national bodily vigor4 ,!
 purpose ( ! volume be=e u is to solve  
?is problem4 ,! au?or has aim$ to make x
 a complete gymna/ic drill book1 ) words

 ( comm& & classes ( movem5ts           
sy/ematically arrang$1 embrac+ all      
necess>y ex]cises = ! lungs1 ! voice1 ! 
organs ( spee*1 ! jo9ts1 & ! muscles4   
,"p #a/1 "u ! head ( ,vocal ,gymna/ics1 
treats ( ,respiration1 ,phonetics1 &    
,elocution2 concise & cle> pr9ciples &  
rules are giv51 accompani$ by examples &
 ex]cises suffici5tly num]\s to enable !
 /ud5t to br+ !m completely )9 8        
compreh5sion & "u 8 control4 ,we reg>d  
?is "p ( ! "w be=e u z exce$+ly         
important4 ,to read al\d well is "o ( ! 
r>e/ ( accompli%m5ts1 ?\gh "o ( ! mo/   
desirable1 & ! tra9+ ( ! voice is       
absolutely necess>y to atta9 ?is end4   
,:5 prop]ly pursu$1 su* ex]cises are    
exce$+ly invigorat+4 ',9 =m+ & undulat+ 
! voice1' says ,dr4 ,combe1 'n only !   
*e/1 b also ! diaphragm & abdom9al      
muscles are 9 con/ant action1 &         
communicate to ! /oma* & b[els a heal?y 
& agreeable /imulus4' ,! poetic         
selections are made ) great ta/e1 & are 
admirably fitt$ to a*ieve ! end = :i* !y

 are design$4  ,"p #b;d1 "u ! head (    
,cali/h5ics1 exhibits a v>i$ c\rse (    
ex]cises )\t ! aid ( app>atus4 ,pupils  
are taught to beat "t1 & use is ?us made
 ( ! magic p[] ( rhy?mical movem5t4     
,n9ete5 pieces ( piano music are giv51  
:i* are well *os51 & appropriately      
introduc$4  ,"p #c;d1 "u ! head (       
,gymna/ics1 pres5ts a wid] collection ( 
ex]cises = w&s1 dumb bells1 ,indian     
clubs1 & h& r+s1 ?an any ( ! books we h 
yet se54 ,all ! ex]cises are arrang$ 9  
accordance ) well-kn[n pr9ciples (      
,anatomy1 ,physiology1 & ,hygi5e4 ',9   
pres5t+ a new sy/em ( ,cali/h5ics &     
,gymna/ics1 a s]ies ( illu/rations f    
orig9al designs is indisp5sable4' ,^!   
are rem>kably well drawn & execut$4     
,acc5t1 quantity1 ) ,iambic1 ,tro*aic1  
,anape/ic1 & ,dactylic ,rhy?ms1 are     
practically giv5 9 ! "w1 :i*1 %\ld !    
/ud5t h poetic tal5t1 w\ld be ( great   
use to him 9 mak+ 8 own v]ses1 :ile to !
 read] ( poetry a k ( !m is             
indisp5sable4  ,we he>tily comm5d ?is   

book to ! notice ( our read]s--to all :o
 prize physical culture1 heal?1 &       
symmetrical education4 ,we hope x may   
f9d its way into our s*ools & families4 
,pr9t1 pap]1 & ! me*anical execution (  
?is valuable ,h& ,book are really       
excell5t4       ,,light ,,on ,,%ad[$    
,,pa?s4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,,ar?ur1 ,au?or     
( ',t5 ,nights 9 a ,b> ,room1' ',/eps   
t[>d ,heav51' ',gold5      ,gra91' etc4 
,new ,york3 ,c>leton1 publi%]1 #dac     
,broadway4  ,! books ( ,t4 ,s4 ,ar?ur h 
_h a v wide circulation bo? 9 ?is c\ntry
 & 9 ,engl&4 ,?is volume is compos$ (   
?irty-?ree %ort tales1 well calculat$ to
 t\* & soo! ! popul> he>t4 ,!y are t5d]1
 moral1 & simple4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,,janu>y          
,,p]iodicals ,,receiv$4       ,,!       
,,univ]sali/ ,,qu>t]ly4 ,bo/on3 ,publi%$
 by ,t4      ,tompk9s  ,co4 ,new ,york3 
,h4 ,lyon1 #aai ,nassau /reet4          
,,cont5ts3 ,! ,logic & ! ,end ( !       
,rebellion4 ,! ,ea/]n ,*ur* & ,c\ncil ( 
,nice4 ,salvation 9 ,*ri/ n ,limit$ to  

?is ,life4 ,contributions ( ,sci5ce to  
,religion4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e ( a     
,future ,life4 ,a!ism & its ,expon5ts4  
,=mula ( ,baptism4 ,! ,univ]sali/s z a  
,*ri/ian ,sect4 ,g5]al ,review4 ,rec5t  
,publications4 ,am]ican & ,engli%       
,qu>t]lies4       ,,! ,,nor? ,,am]ican  
,,review1 ,janu>y #a/1 #ahfd4 ,editors3 
,pr(4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell & ,*>les   
,eliot ,norton1 ,esqs4 ,bo/on3          
,crosby  ,ni*ols1 #aag ,wa%+ton /reet4  
,new ,york3 ,h4 ,dext]1      ,hamilton  
,co41 ,s9clair ,t\sey1 & ,d4 ,g4        
,francis4  ,,cont5ts3 ,ticknor's ,life (
 ,prescott4 ,! ,bible & ,slav]y4 ,!     
,ambulance ,sy/em4 ,! ,biblio!ca ,sacra4
 ,immorality 9 ,politics4 ,! ,e>ly ,life
 ( ,gov]nor ,w9?rop4 ,! ,sanit>y        
,commission4 ,r5an's ,life ( ,jesus4 ,! 
,presid5t's ,policy4 ,critical ,notices4
       ,,! ,,*ri/ian                    
,,exam9]4--,cont5ts3 ,weiss's ,life (   
,!odore ,p>k]4 ,uhl&4 ,! ,pati5ce (     
,hope4 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]4      ,! ,sy/em
 & ,ord] ( ,*ri/'s ,m9i/ry4 ,ticknor's  

,life (      ,prescott4 ,our ,ambulance 
,sy/em4 ,! ,two ,messages4 ,review (    
,curr5t      ,lit]ature4 ,new           
,publications ,receiv$4 ,bo/on3 ,by !   
,proprietors1      at ,walk]1 ,wise     
,co4's1 #bde ,wa%+ton /reet4            
,,editor',s ,,table4   ,,arti/s'        
,,reception4  ,! ev5+ ( ,febru>y #d?1   
#ahfd1 w long be rememb]$ z ! occasion (
 "o ( ! mo/ delightful receptions ev]   
giv5 9 ! ,t5?-/reet ,/udio ,build+4 ,!  
,committee des]ve great praise = !      
successful mann] 9 :i* !y fill$ )\t     
cr[d+ ! pleasant exhibition-room & ! _m 
int]e/+ /udios4 ,_! task 0 c]ta9ly n an 
easy "o1 & m]its imitation by all       
manag]s ( social ent]ta9m5ts4  ,want (  
space mu/ = ! pres5t prev5t any         
description ( ! f9e works exhibit$2     
suffice x to say t !                    
,committee--,:ittr$ge1 ,mc,entee1       
,?ompson1 z well z ,gif=d1 ,ea/man      
,johnson1 ,bi]/adt1 ,be>d1 ! ,weirs1    
,hazelt9e1 ,william ,h>t1 ,dana1        
,leutze1 ,gign\x1 ,%attuck1 ,br[n1      

,suydam1 etc41 7 all wor?ily repres5t$4 
,new ,york has reason to be pr\d ( h]   
arti/s4  ,amus+ incid5ts 7 n want+4 ,z  
we /ood be=e ,be>d's ',wat*]s' 7an      
impressive repres5tation ( a company (  
cr[s wat*+ ! la/ /ruggles ( a dy+ de]71 
we he>d a lady ask h] att5dant ! mean+ (
 ! picture & ( its "n4 ,! reply 01      
',:y--d y n see8 ,^? birds are owls1 &  
!y are asleep1 & ! de] is asleep too1 & 
s !y are all wat*]s6' ',ah6' return$ !  
lady1 z if ?is lucid explanation _h     
flood$ ! subject ) light4 ,we 7         
accompani$ by a v bright "y girl1 :o1   
desir\s ( visit+ ! /udio ( ,mr4 ,*ur*1 &
 disappo9t$ at le>n+ t x _h n be5 op5$  
to ! gue/s ( ! build+1 exclaim$1 ',he>t 
( ! ,&es1 inde$6 ,:]e is 8 own8' ,no    
lov] ( ! true & ! beautiful c\ld h      
resi/$ ! plead+ ( ^? e>ne/ blue eyes4   
,we also ov]he>d t '! ,t5?-/reet boys   
hold _! heads mighty high6' ,long may !y
 cont9ue to d s1 & long may success ( e 
k9d cr[n _! ef=ts1 :e!r z arti/s or z   
consci5ti\s1 patriotic m56   ,,g\nod',s 

',,fau/4'  ,?is op]a has attract$ l>ge  
audi5ces :]ev] x has be5 repres5t$1 &   
has elicit$ mu* att5tion & criticism f !
 musical public4 ,dwight's ,j\rnal (    
,music1 ,bo/on1 ,janu>y #bc;d1 conta9s !
 be/ review ( its m]its & defects :i* we
 h ?us f> *anc$ to meet4 ,mr4 ,dwight   
gives ,m4 ,g\nod ample cr$it = ! good   
judgm5t1 common s5se1 sci5ce1 ta/e1     
poetic feel+1 ri* & highly dramatic     
or*e/ration1 +5i\s musical *>act]ization
 ( individuals & situations1 & ! _m     
passages ( beautiful music f\nd 9 ?is   
elaborate "w1 b d5ies to him ! highe/   
inspiration1 ! spontaneity ( g5ius1 & ! 
atta9m5t ( any v l(ty ideal 9 !         
production ( cont9u\s1 elevat$1 &       
s\l-entranc+ melodies4 ,we ?9k ?is a    
pretty fair /atem5t ( ! facts 9 ! case4 
,mr4 ,dwight1 h[ev]1 says3 ',n ev5      
,moz>t 9 ',don ,juan' _h s great a      
subject2' & 9 ?is connection we feel    
compell$ to (f] a few rem>ks4 ,we ?9k e 
great compos] owes x to 8 own ,god-gift1
 & to ! human be+s :om he is to         

influ5ce1 n to select intr9sically      
repulsive subjects1 & su* h we f\nd bo? 
',don ,juan' & ',fau/4' ,n[ we are n    
morbidly fa/idi\s1 & we well "k ! fre$om
 t mu/ be accord$ to art1 t x may h     
ample scope & range 9 ! del9eation (    
human feel+ & romantic situation2 b :5  
we see a repres5tation ( ',don ,juan1'  
we in/9ctively /rive to ignore ! plot1 )
 its odi\s *>act]s 7! s5sual ,don1 !    
co>se-m9d$ s]vant1 ! unwomanly1         
man-seek+ ,elvira1 ! v5geful ,anna1 !   
insignificant ,ottavio1 ! light-head$ & 
%all[-he>t$ ,z]l9a71 & live only 9 !    
beautiful music :i* ! prodigality (     
g5ius has wa/$ ^u s poor a !me4 ,n ev5 t
 libretto c\ld degrade ! pure1 s]i\s1 & 
ess5tially innoc5t "* ( ,moz>t's        
conceptions2 b1 9 turn1 8 ref9$ musical 
conception has be5 unable to lift !     
subject f ! mire ( ,da ,ponte's         
del9eation4 ,we "k t page aft] page has 
be5 writt5 to unfold ! my/ic mean+s &   
pr(\nd philosophy conta9$ 9 ! /ory1 b   
our obs]vation has be51 t ! effect ( !  

:ole ^u pure m9ds is simply--disgu/4 ,! 
musical gr&eur ( ! f9ale r>ely saves its
 becom+ ludicr\s 9 ! repres5tation1 & ! 
good joke ( a life ( unblu%+ immorality 
is 9 no way less5$ by ! appe>ance (     
demons1 9 ^: exi/5ce half ! _w 7at lea/ 
( ( op]a go]s7 has ceas$ to believe4  ,!
 ',fau/' is ne>ly1 if n q1 z bad4 ,!    
undisguis$ s5suality ( ,fau/1 bo? 9     
,goe!'s drama & 9 ! op]atic r5d]+1 is   
su* t x ne>ly de/roys our sympa?y )     
,m>g>et1 & sc5es t %\ld be pa!tic are   
ei!r m]ely repulsive1 or excite our     
indignation to su* a degree t we 'turn  
all our te>s to sp>ks ( fire4'  ,no?+ b 
loa?+ c att5d ! op51 delib]ate1 & utt]ly
 gross de/ruction ( virtue z plann$ &   
execut$ by t mis]able lib]t9e4          
,mephi/opheles himself is sc>cely m     
corrupt1 & ! repres5tation ( ^! two     
great poison\s spid]s1 weav+ _! me%es   
r\nd _! un=tunate & b too easy prey1 c  
nev] 9 any s5se impress u z l(ty        
specim5s ( high art4  ,h[ diff]5t is !  
plot ( ',fidelio1' :]e "o c yield       

oneself to ! beauty ( ! music & ! pa?os 
( ! /ory )\t a s+le j>r+ s5sation6  ,let
 ! ma/]s !n bew>e6 ,music is ess5tially 
pure1 & %\ld nev] by great m9ds be w$d$ 
to co>se ideas4 ,! subject mu/ h an     
influ5ce ^u ! immortality ( ! "w4 ,!    
really noble & truly art-lov+ m5 & wom5 
( all c\ntries w1 z !y advance 9 m5tal  
cultivation & compreh5sion ( ! high]    
aims ( art1 bani% su* gross del9eations 
& fe/]+ moral sores f ! /age1 & f9e     
musical works ?us sulli$ w cont9ue to   
live solely z repres5t$ by su* in/rum5t 
or in/rum5ts z may be/ be calculat$ to  
express _! real value & mean+4  ,we g to
 ! op]a = relaxation1 improvem5t1 &     
enjoym5t1 & none ( ^! c be f\nd 9 !     
spectacle ( noble means p]v]t$ to       
corrupt ends4 ,may ! day soon come :5   
su* important *annels ( public amusem5t 
& in/ruction may be guid$ by a ref9$    
ta/e & correct views ( ! intimate       
connection betwe5 ! ,beautiful & !      
,absolute ,good6   ,ballads ( ! ,w>4    
,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,colonel ,,%aw4    ,by  

,,isabella ,mc,f,a,r,l,a,n,e4    ,l\d   
rang ! voice ( ! *iefta91      ,z !     
,fifty-f\r? ru%$ on3   ',*>ge on ! guns 
( ,wagn]1      ,*>ge--& ! =t is won6'   
,on--l a wave ( ! ocean1      ,da%+     
aga9/ a rock6--   ,back--ah6 back--all  
brok51      ,l a wave f ! fruitless     
%ock4    ,?us f ! guns ( ,wagn]      ,! 
,fifty-f\r? surg$ back3   ,b ! voice (  
_! brave "y *iefta9      ,*eck$ n _!    
backw>d track    ,= !re1 on ! s&s by    
,wagn]1      ,! gallant ,%aw lay l[1    
',mid/ a heap ( 8 brave black soldi]s1  
,left 9 ! h&s ( ! foe4    ,n a flag 0   
l[]$ 9 8 honor1      ,n a gun its deep  
voice gave1   ,:51 on ! s&s by ,wagn]1  
,%aw 0 laid 9 ! grave4    ,n a fri5d    
/ood ov] 8 c(f91      ,%$d+ te>s on 8   
gory brea/2   ,b in/ead1 0 curse &      
insult1      ,cruel laught]1 ribald je/4
    ,wide & deep 0 ! tr5* !y holl[$1    
,:]e ! gallant ,%aw 0 laid1   ,) =ty    
negro soldi]s      ,pil$ ov] 8 noble    
head4    ,yes1 =ty negro soldi]s1       
,^: he>ts 7 he>ts ( /eel1   ,:o _h f\ght

 9 ! cause ( fre$om1      ,:o _h di$ =  
_! c\ntry's weal4    ,0 x !n s great    
di%onor      ,= t *ief s "y & brave--   
,:o _h l$ !m on to ! battle--      ,to  
be ) !m 9 ! grave8    ,nay--mo/ j 0 !   
m&ate      ,t 9 dea? !y %\ld n "p1   ,= 
he lov$ 8 poor black bro!rs1      ,) a  
true & /eadfa/ he>t4    ,move n 8 honor$
 a%es--      ,let him slumb] :]e he     
lies1   ,till ! voice ( ! great         
,ar*angel      ,s\nds ! trumpet-call to 
! skies6#be     ,,footnotes3  #a ,,!    
,,geological ,,evid5ces ,,( ,,!         
,,antiquity ,,( ,,man1 ) ,rem>ks on     
,!ories ( ! ,orig9 ( ,species by        
,v>iation4 ,by ,sir ,,*>les ,,lyell1 ,f4
 ,r4 ,s4 ,au?or ( ',pr9ciples (         
,geology1' ,elem5ts ( ,geology1' etc41  
etc4 ,illu/rat$ by woodcuts4            
,philadelphia3 ,george ,w4 ,*ilds1 #fbh 
& #fcj ,*e/nut /reet4 #ahfc  #b ,if any 
"o is dispos$ to d\bt t ! doctr9e t     
fossil =ms are direct creations1 & 7    
nev] liv+ animals at all1 is held by any
 respectable p]son1 we ref] !m to a book

 entitl$ ',cosmogony1 or ! ,my/]ies (   
,creation1' by ,?omas ,a4 ,davies1 &    
publi%$ by ,rudd  ,c>leton1 ( ,new      
,york1 ( no long] ago ?an #aheg4  #c    
,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 #i? ed41 p4 #gdj4
  #d ,pr(essor ,l\is ,agassiz1 ! mo/    
pati5t1 le>n$1 & acute inve/igator (    
embryology n[ liv+1 f9ds 9 t sci5ce 7^u 
:i*1 9 tru?1 re/s ! f9al settlem5t ( !  
s-call$ developm5t !ory7 'no s+le fact  
to ju/ify ! assumption t ! laws (       
developm5t1 n[ kn[n to be s precise &   
def9ite = e animal1 h ev] be5 less s1 or
 h ev] be5 all[$ to run into ea* o!r4 ,!
 philosoph]'s /one is no m to be f\nd 9 
! organic ?an ! inorganic _w2 & we %all 
seek z va9ly to trans=m ! l[] animal    
types into ! high] ones by any ( our    
!ories1 z did ! al*emi/s ( old to *ange 
! bas] metals into gold4' ,he also says3
 ',to me ! fact t ! embryonic =m ( !    
highe/ v]tebrate recalls 9 its e>li]    
/ages ! fir/ repres5tatives ( its type 9
 geological times & its l[e/            
repres5tatives at ! pres5t day1 speaks  

only ( an ideal relation1 exi/+1 n 9 !  
?+s !mselves1 b 9 ! m9d t made !m4 ,x is
 true t ! naturali/ is sometimes />tl$  
at ^! transi5t resemblances ( ! "y among
 ! high] animals 9 "o type to ! adult   
condition ( ! l[] animals 9 ! same type2
 b x is also true t he f9ds ea* "o ( !  
prim>y divisions ( ! animal k+dom b\nd  
to its own norm ( developm5t1 :i* is    
absolutely di/9ct f t ( all o!rs2 x is  
also true t1 :ile he p]ceives           
correspond5ces betwe5 ! e>ly phases ( ! 
high] animals & ! mature /ate ( ! l[]   
ones he nev] sees any "o ( !m div]ge 9 !
 slighte/ degree f its own /ructural    
"*--nev] sees ! l[] rise by a %ade      
beyond ! level :i* is p]man5t = ! gr\p  
to :i* x belongs--nev] sees ! high] ones
 /op %ort ( _! f9al aim1 ei!r 9 ! mode  
or ! ext5t ( _! trans=mation4' ,he      
likewise 7',me?ods ( ,/udy 9 ,natural   
,hi/ory1' page #adj7 discusses ! matt] (
 bre$s z be>+ ^u div]sities ( species 9 
a mann] to ju/ify 8 conclusion1 t3 ',!  
influ5ce ( man ^u animals is1 9 o!r     

words1 ! influ5ce ( m9d ^u !m2 & yet !  
ord9>y mode ( argum5t ^u ?is subject is1
 t1 because ! intellig5ce ( man has be5 
able to produce c]ta9 v>ieties 9        
dome/icat$ animals1 !re=e physical      
causes h produc$ all ! div]sity exi/+   
among wild ones4 ,surely1 ! s\nd] logic 
w\ld be to inf] t1 because our f9ite    
intellig5ce may cause ! orig9al patt]n  
to v>y by "s slight %ades ( diff]5ce1   
!re=e a sup]ior intellig5ce mu/ h       
e/abli%$ all ! b\ndless div]sity ( :i*  
our boa/$ v>ieties are b ! fa9te/ e*o4  
,x is ! mo/ intellig5t f>m] :o has !    
greate/ success 9 improv+ 8 bre$s2 & if 
! animals he has s fo/]$ are left to    
!mselves )\t t intellig5t c>e1 !y return
 to _! normal condition4 ,s )           
plants4444'--,ed4 ,con4  #e ,9 ,lat91   
,sublaqueum1 or ,sublacum1 9 ! ,/ates ( 
! ,*ur*1 ov] ?irty ,engli% miles 7,butl]
 says 'ne> =ty1' ,montalomb]t1 'fifty   
miles'7 ea/ ( ,rome1 on ! ,tev]one4     
,butl] describes ! place z 'a b>r51     
hide\s *a9 ( rocks1 ) a riv] & lake 9 ! 

valley4'  #f ,mona/]ium ,cass95se4 ,x 0 
de/roy$1 inde$1 by ! ,lomb>ds1 z e>ly z 
#ehc1 z ,b5$ict is said to h pr$ict$ x  
w\ld be1 b 0 rebuilt 9 #gca1 consecrat$ 
9 #gdh1 aga9 de/roy$ by ! ,s>ac5s 9     
#heg1 rebuilt ab\t #iej1 & m completely1
 aft] _m o!r calamities1 9 #afdi1       
consecrat$ = ! ?ird "t by ,b5$ict ,,xiii
 9 #agbg1 enri*$ & increas$ "u !        
patronage ( ! emp]ors & popes1 9 mod]n  
times despoil$ ( ts enorm\s income 7:i* 
at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 reckon$ at
 #ejj1jjj ducats71 & has /ood ?r\gh all 
vicissitudes to ?is day4 ,9 ! times (   
its spl5dor1 :5 ! abbot 0 fir/ b>on ( ! 
k+dom ( ,naples1 & comm&$ ov] f\r hundr$
 t[ns & villages1 x numb]$ sev]al hundr$
 monks b 9 #ahdc only tw5ty4 ,x has a   
consid]able libr>y4 ,montalemb]t 7,monks
 ( ! ,we/1 ii4 #ai7 calls ,monte ,cass9o
 '! mo/ p[]ful & celebrat$ mona/]y 9 !  
,ca?olic univ]se2 celebrat$ especially  
because !re ,b5$ict wrote 8 rule & =m$ !
 type :i* 0 to s]ve z a model to        
innum]able communities submitt$ to t    

sov]eign code4' ,he also quotes ! poetic
 description f ,dante's ,p>adiso4 ,dom  
,luigi ,to/i publi%$ at ,naples1 9      
#ahdb1 a full hi/ory ( ?is conv5t1 9    
?ree volumes4  #g ,gregor4 ,dial4 ii4   
#cg4  #h ,butl]1 9 8 ,lives ( ,sa9ts1   
comp>es ,b5$ict ev5 ) ,moses & ,elijah4 
',be+ *os5 by ,god1 l ano!r ,moses1 to  
conduct fai?ful s\ls into ! true promis$
 l&1 ! k+dom ( heav51 he 0 enri*$ )     
em95t sup]natural gifts1 ev5 ^? (       
miracles & prophecy4 ,he seem$1 l ano!r 
,eliseus1 endu$ by ,god ) an extraord9>y
 p[]1 comm&+ all nature1 &1 l ! anci5t  
prophets1 =esee+ future ev5ts4 ,he (t5  
rais$ ! s9k+ c\rage ( 8 monks1 & baffl$ 
! v>i\s artifices ( ! devil ) ! sign ( !
 cross1 r5d]$ ! heavie/ /one light1 9   
build+ 8 mona/]y1 by a %ort pray]1 &1 9 
pres5ce ( a multitude ( p1 rais$ to life
 a novice :o _h be5 cru%$ by ! fall ( a 
wall at ,monte ,cass9o4' ,montalemb]t   
omits ! m extraord9>y miracles1 except !
 deliv]ance ( ,placidus f ! :irlpool1   
:i* he relates 9 ! language ( ,bossuet1 

ii4 #ae4  #i ',sci5t] nesci5s1 et       
sapi5t] indoctus4'  #aj ,! ,ca?olic     
,*ur* has recogniz$ ?ree o!r rules      
besides t ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 viz43 #a4 ,t ( 
,/4 ,basil1 :i* is /ilt reta9$ by !     
,ori5tal monks2 #b4 ,t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1  
:i* is adopt$ by ! regul> canons1 ! ord]
 ( ! prea*+ bro!rs or ,dom9icans1 &     
sev]al milit>y ord]s2 #c4 ,! rule ( ,/4 
,francis ( ,assisi & 8 m5dicant ord]1 9 
! ?irte5? c5tury4  #aa ,pope ,gregory   
believ$ ! rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict ev5 to be  
directly inspir$1 & ,bossuet 7,pangyrie 
de ,sa9t ,b5ot71 9 evid5t exagg]ation1  
calls x 'an epitome ( ,*ri/ianity1 a    
le>n$ & my/]i\s abridgem5t ( all        
doctr9es ( ! gospel1 all ! in/itutions (
 ! holy fa!rs1 & all ! c\nsels (        
p]fection4' ,montalemb]t speaks 9 a     
simil> /ra9 ( ,fr5* declamatory         
eloqu5ce4  #ab ,cap4 #e3 ',primus       
humilitatis gradus e/ ob$i5tia s9e mora4
 ,hc conv5it iis1 qui nihil sibi ,*ri/o 
c>ius aliquid exi/imant3 propt] s]vitium
 sanctum1 quod pr(essi sunt1 seu propt] 

metum geh5n1 vel gloriam vit t]n1 mox ut
 aliquid imp]atum a majore fu]it1 ac si 
div9itus imp]etur1 moram pati nesciunt 9
 faci5do4'  #ac ,cap4 #dh3 ',otiositas  
inimica e/ anim2 et ideo c]tis          
temporibus occup>i deb5t fratres 9      
labore manuum1 c]tis it]um horis 9      
lectione div9a4' v9a4'  #ad ,! hor      
canonic are ! ,nocturn vigili1 ,matut91 
,prima1 ,t]tia1 ,sexta1 ,nona1 ,vesp]a1 
& ,completorium1 & are tak5 7c4 #af7 f a
 lit]al int]pretation ( ,ps4 cxix4 #afd3
 ',sev5 times a day d ,i praise !e1' &  
v4 #fb3 ',at midnight ,i w rise to give 
?anks unto !e4' ,! ,psalt] 0 ! liturgy &
 hymn book ( ! conv5t4 ,x 0 s divid$    
among ! sev5 s]vices ( ! day1 t ! :ole  
,psalt] %\ld be *ant$ once a week4  #ae 
,cap4 #ei3 ',si quis =te de nobilibus   
(f]t filium suum ,deo 9 mona/]io1 si    
ipse pu] m9ori tate e/1 p>5tes ejus     
faciant petitionem1' etc4  #af ,cap4    
#dj3 ',c>nium quadrup$um ab omnibus     
ab/9etur come/io1 prt] omn9o debiles et 
grotos4' ,ev5 birds are exclud$1 :i* 7  

at t "t only delicacies = pr9ces &      
nobles1 z ,mabillon %[s f ! contempor>y 
te/imony ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs4  #ag ,cap4 
#ff3 ',mona/]ium1 si possit fi]i1 ita   
debet con/rui1 ut omnia necess>ia1 id e/
 aqua1 mol5d9um1 hortus1 pi/r9um1 vel   
artes div]s intra mona/]ium ex]ceantur1 
ut non sit necessitas mona*is vag&i =as1
 quia omn9o non exp$it animabus eorum4' 
#ah ,?is ,maurus1 ! f\nd] ( ! abbacy (  
,glanfeuil 7,/4 ,maur sur ,loire71 is ! 
patron sa9t ( a bran* ( ! ,b5$ict9es1 ! 
celebrat$ ,maurians 9 ,france 7dat+ f   
#afah71 :o s highly di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 
! sev5te5? & e>ly "p ( ! eighte5?       
c5turies1 by _! ?or\gh ar*ological &    
hi/orical rese>*es1 & _! sup]ior        
editions ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,! mo/ em95t ( !   
,maurians are ,d4 7,dom1 equival5t to   
,domnus1 ,sir7 ,m5>d1 d',a*]y1 ,god91   
,mabillon1 le ,n\rry1 ,m>tianay1 ,ru9>t1
 ,m>t5e1 ,montfaucon1 ,massuet1 ,g>ni]1 
& de la ,rue1 & 9 our "t ,dom ,pitra1   
editor ( a valuable collection (        
patri/ic fragm5ts1 at ! cloi/] (        

,solesme4  #ai ,he 0 ! la/ ( ! ,roman   
consuls--an (fice :i* ,ju/9ian          
aboli%$--& 0 successively ! m9i/] (     
,odoac]1 ,!odoric1 & ,a?al>ic1 :o made  
him prefect ( ! pretorium4  #bj ,or     
,viv>ia1 s call$ f ! num]\s viv>ia1 or  
fi% ponds1 9 t region  #ba ,comp4       
,mabillon1 ,ann4 ,b5$4 #a4 v4 c4 #bd1   
#bg2 ,f4 de ,/e4-,m>!1 ,vie de          
,cassiodore1 #afhd4  #bb ,i take ?is    
anecdote on ,mr4 ,und]hill's au?ority4  
#bc ,z 9 ! ,hotel du ,l\vre 9 ,p>is4    
#bd ,! great ,bible-pr9t+ e/abli%m5t at 
,ox=d encloses a spaci\s c\rty>d1 :i* is
 laid out z a g>d54 ,! foliage is       
agreeably dispos$1 & !re are %rubb]y    
walks1 fl[]s1 vases1 & p>t]res1 all     
arrang$ 9 ! be/ ta/e4 ,consid] :at a    
heal?ful influ5ce ?is mu/ h on ! "* ( ! 
workman4  #be ',buri$ ) 8 nigg]s4' ,su* 
0 ! answ] ( ! rebel comm&] at ,*>le/on  
to ,g5]al ,gillmore's dem& = ! body (   
,colonel ,%aw1 :o comm&$ ! #ed?         
,massa*usetts1 "o ( ! fir/ negro        
regim5ts organiz$1 & 0 kill$ 9 an       

unsuccessful attempt to c>ry ,=t ,wagn] 
by assault4