,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi ,,by ,,paul ,,sabati] ,quiv]e mona*us e/ nihil reputat esse suum nisi ci?>am ,,gioac*9o ,,di ,,fiore 9 ,apoc4 #ahb a #b ,,translat$ ,,by ,,l\ise ,,seym\r ,,h\ghton ,,london ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton #aiai ,copyright1 #ahid1 by ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,pr9t$ by ! ,scribn] ,press ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,! ,,/rasburgh]s ,fri5ds6 ,at la/ "h is ?is book :i* ,i told y ab\t s long ago4 ,! result is small inde$ 9 relation to ! endeavor1 z ,i1 alas6 see bett] ?an anyone4 ,! wid[ ( ! ,gospel put only "o mite into ! alms-box ( ! temple1 b ?is mite1 !y tell u1 won h] ,p>adise4 ,accept ! mite t ,i (f] y to-day z ,god accept$ t ( ! poor woman1 look+ n at h] (f]+1 b at h] love1 ,feci quod potui1 omnia d$i4 ,d n *ide me too sev]ely = ?is long delay1 = y are some:at its cause4 ,_m times a day at ,flor5ce1 at ,assisi1 at ,rome1 ,i h =gott5 ! docum5t ,i _h to /udy4 ,some?+ 9 me seem$ to h gone to flutt] at y\r w9d[s1 & sometimes !y op5$4444 ,"o ev5+ at ,/4 ,damian ,i =got myself & rema9$ long aft] sunset4 ,an old monk came to w>n me t ! sanctu>y 0 clos$4 ,p] ,bacco6 he g5tly murmur$ z he l$ me away1 all ready to receive my confid5ce1 sognava d'amore o di tri/itia8 ,well1 yes4 ,i 0 dream+ ( love & ( sadness1 = ,i 0 dream+ ( ,/rasb\rg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction1 xi ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,y\?1 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,/ages ,,( ,,conv]sion1 #ae ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,ab\t #abji1 #bh ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,/ruggles ,,& ,,triumphs1 #ec ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,fir/ ,,ye> ,,( ,,apo/olate1 #ga ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,innoc5t ,,iii41 #hh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,rivo-,,torto1 #ajc ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,portiuncula1 #abj ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,santa ,,cl>a1 #adg ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,fir/ ,,attempts ,,to ,,rea* ,,! ,,infidels1 #afh ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,man ,,& ,,wond]-,,work+1 #ahc ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,*apt]-,,g5]al ,,( #abag1 #aih ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,/4 ,,dom9ic ,,& ,,/4 ,,francis1 #bag ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,crisis ,,( ,,! ,,ord]1 #bci ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,rule ,,( #abba1 #beb ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,bro!rs ,,m9or ,,& ,,le>n+1 #bga ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,/igmata1 #bhg ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,canticle ,,( ,,! ,,sun1 #big ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,ye>1 #cjh ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,francis',s ,,w ,,& ,,dea?1 #ccc ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,s\rces1 #cdg ,,app5dix4 ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,/igmata ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,indulg5ce ,,( ,,augu/ #b1 #dcc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,9 ! r5asc5ce ( hi/ory :i* is 9 a mann] ! *>act]i/ic ( our "t1 ! ,middle ,ages h be5 ! object ( peculi> fondness ) bo? criticism & erudition4 ,we rummage all ! d>k corn]s ( ! libr>ies1 we br+ old p>*m5ts to light1 & 9 ! zeal & ardor we put into our se>* !re is an indef9able t\* ( piety4 ,^! ef=ts to make ! pa/ live aga9 reveal n m]ely our curiosity1 or ! lack ( p[] to grapple ) great philosophic problems1 !y are a tok5 ( wisdom & mode/y2 we are beg9n+ to feel t ! pres5t has its roots 9 ! pa/1 & t 9 ! fields ( politics & religion1 z 9 o!rs1 sl[1 mode/1 p]sev]+ toil is t :i* has ! be/ results4 ,!re is also a tok5 ( love 9 ?is4 ,we love our ance/ors ( five or six c5turies ago1 & we m+le n a little emotion & gratitude ) ?is love4 ,s1 if "o may hope ev]y?+ ( a son :o loves 8 p>5ts1 we mu/ n despair ( an age t loves hi/ory4 ,! ,middle ,ages =m an organic p]iod 9 ! life ( humanity4 ,l all p[]ful organisms ! p]iod began ) a long & my/]i\s ge/ation2 x _h its y\?1 its manhood1 its decrepitude4 ,! end ( ! twelf? c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? m>k its full expansion2 x is ! tw5tie? ye> ( life1 ) its poetry1 its dreams1 its en?usiasm1 its g5]osity1 its d>+4 ,love ov]fl[$ ) vigor2 m5 ev]y:]e _h b "o desire--to devote !mselves to "s great & holy cause4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ?\gh ,europe 0 m p>cell$ out ?an ev]1 x felt a new ?rill run ?r\gh its entire ext5t4 ,!re 0 :at we might call a /ate ( ,european consci\sness4 ,9 ord9>y p]iods ea* p has its own int]e/s1 its t5d5cies1 its te>s1 & its joys2 b let a "t ( crisis come1 & ! true unity ( ! human family w sudd5ly make itself felt ) a /r5g? nev] be=e suspect$4 ,ea* body ( wat] has its own curr5ts1 b :5 ! hurricane is abroad !y my/]i\sly int]m+le1 & f ! ocean to ! remote/ m\nta9 lake ! same tremor w upheave !m all4 ,x 0 ?us 9 '#hi1 x 0 ?us also 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,nev] 0 !re less ( fronti]1 nev]1 ei!r be=e or s9ce1 su* a m+l+ ( nationalities2 & at ! pres5t day1 ) all our highways & railroads1 ! p live m ap>t4#a ,! great movem5t ( ?\ght ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is above all a religi\s movem5t1 pres5t+ a d\ble "*--x is popul> & x is laic4 ,x comes out f ! he>t ( ! p1 & x looks a?w>t _m unc]ta9ties at no?+ less ?an wre/+ ! sacr$ ?+s f ! h&s ( ! cl]gy4 ,! cons]vatives ( our "t :o turn to ! ?irte5? c5tury z to ! gold5 age ( au?oritative fai? make a /range mi/ake4 ,if x is especially ! c5tury ( sa9ts1 x is also t ( h]etics4 ,we %all soon see t ! two words are n s contradictory z might appe>2 x is en\gh = ! mom5t to po9t out t ! ,*ur* _h nev] be5 m p[]ful nor m ?reat5$4 ,!re 0 a g5u9e attempt at a religi\s revolution1 :i*1 if x _h succe$$1 w\ld h end$ 9 a univ]sal prie/hood1 9 ! proclamation ( ! rights ( ! individual consci5ce4 ,! ef=t fail$1 & ?\gh lat] on ! ,revolution made u all k+s1 nei!r ! ?irte5? c5tury nor ! ,re=mation 0 able to make u all prie/s4 ,h]e91 no d\bt1 lies ! ess5tial contradiction ( our lives & t :i* p]iodically puts our national in/itutions 9 p]il4 ,politically emancipat$1 we are n morally or religi\sly free4#b ,! ?irte5? c5tury ) juv5ile ardor und]took ?is revolution1 :i* has n yet rea*$ its end4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,europe x became inc>nate 9 ca!drals1 9 ! s\?1 9 sa9ts4 ,! ca!drals 7 ! lay *ur*es ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,built by ! p = ! p1 !y 7 orig9ally ! true common h\se ( our old cities4 ,museums1 gran>ies1 *amb]s ( comm]ce1 halls ( ju/ice1 depositories ( ar*ives1 & ev5 labor ex*anges1 !y 7 all ^! at once4 ,t art ( ! ,middle ,ages :i* ,victor ,hugo & ,viollet-le-,duc h taught u to und]/& & love 0 ! visible expression ( ! en?usiasm ( a p :o 7 a*iev+ communal lib]ty4 ,v f> f be+ ! gift ( ! ,*ur*1 x 0 9 its beg9n+ an unconsci\s prote/ aga9/ ! hi]atic1 impassive1 esot]ic art ( ! religi\s ord]s4 ,we f9d only laym5 9 ! long li/ ( ma/]-workm5 & pa9t]s :o h left u ! innum]able ,go?ic monum5ts :i* /ud ! soil ( ,europe4 ,^? arti/s ( g5ius :o1 l ^? ( ,greece1 knew h[ to speak to ! populace )\t be+ common1 7 = ! mo/ "p humble workm52 !y f\nd _! inspiration n 9 ! =mulas ( ! ma/]s ( mona/ic art1 b 9 con/ant communion ) ! v s\l ( ! nation4 ,!re=e ?is r5asc5ce1 9 its mo/ pr(\nd features1 conc]ns less ! ar*aeology or ! ar*itecture ?an ! hi/ory ( a c\ntry4 ,:ile 9 ! nor!rn c\ntries ! p 7 build+ _! own *ur*es1 & f9d+ 9 _! en?usiasm an art :i* 0 new1 orig9al1 complete1 9 ! s\?1 above ! (ficial1 cl]ical prie/hood ( div9e "r !y 7 greet+ & consecrat+ a new prie/hood1 t ( ! sa9ts4 ,! prie/ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is ! anti!sis ( ! sa9t1 he is almo/ always 8 enemy4 ,sep>at$ by ! holy unction f ! re/ ( mank9d1 inspir+ awe z ! repres5tative ( an all-p[]ful ,god1 able by a few signs to p]=m unhe>d-( my/]ies1 ) a ^w to *ange bread into fle% & w9e into blood1 he appe>$ z a sort ( idol :i* c d all ?+s = or aga9/ y & be=e :i* y h only to adore & tremble4 ,! sa9t1 on ! contr>y1 0 "o ^: mission 0 proclaim$ by no?+ 9 8 app>el1 b ^: life & words made !mselves felt 9 all he>ts & consci5ces2 he 0 "o :o1 ) no cure ( s\ls 9 ! ,*ur*1 felt himself sudd5ly impell$ to lift up 8 voice4 ,! *ild ( ! p1 he knew all _! mat]ial & moral woes1 & _! my/]i\s e*o s\nd$ 9 8 own he>t4 ,l ! anci5t prophet ( ,israel1 he he>d an imp]i\s voice say+ to him3 ,g & speak to ! *ildr5 ( my p4 ,ah1 ,"l ,god1 ,i am b a *ild1 ,i "k n h[ to speak4 ,say n1 ,i am b a *ild1 = ?\ %alt g to all ^? to :om ,i %all s5d !e4 ,behold ,i h set !e to-day z a /rong city1 a pill> ( iron & a wall ( brass aga9/ ! k+s ( ,judah1 aga9/ its pr9ces & aga9/ its prie/s4 ,^! ?irte5?-c5tury sa9ts 7 9 fact true prophets4 ,apo/les l ,/4 ,paul1 n z ! result ( a canonical consecration1 b by ! int]ior ord] ( ! ,_s1 !y 7 ! witnesses ( lib]ty aga9/ au?ority4 ,! ,calabrian se]1 ,gioac*9o di ,fiore1 hail$ ! new-born revolution2 he believ$ 9 its success & proclaim$ to ! wond]+ _w ! adv5t ( a new m9i/ry4 ,he 0 mi/ak54 ,:5 ! prie/ sees himself vanqui%$ by ! prophet he sudd5ly *anges 8 me?od4 ,he takes him "u 8 protection1 he introduces 8 h>angues into ! sacr$ canon1 he ?r[s ov] 8 %\ld]s ! prie/ly *asuble4 ,! days pass on1 ! ye>s roll by1 & ! mom5t comes :5 ! he$less cr[d no long] di/+ui%es betwe5 !m1 & x ends by believ+ ! prophet to be an emanation ( ! cl]gy4 ,?is is "o ( ! bitt]e/ ironies ( hi/ory4 ,francis ( ,assisi is pre-em95tly ! sa9t ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,ow+ no?+ to *ur* or s*ool he 0 truly !odidact1#c & if he p]haps did n p]ceive ! revolution>y be>+ ( 8 prea*+1 he at lea/ always refus$ to be orda9$ prie/4 ,he div9$ ! sup]iority ( ! spiritual prie/hood4 ,! *>m ( 8 life is t1 ?anks to reliable docum5ts1 we f9d ! man beh9d ! wond] work]4 ,we f9d 9 him n m]ely noble actions1 we f9d 9 him a life 9 ! true mean+ ( ! ^w2 ,i mean1 we feel 9 him bo? developm5t & /ruggle4 ,h[ mi/ak5 are ! annals ( ! ,sa9ts 9 repres5t+ him z f ! v cradle surr\nd$ ) aureole & nimbus6 ,z if ! f9e/ & mo/ manly ( spectacles 7 n t ( ! man :o conqu]s 8 s\l h\r aft] h\r1 fight+ fir/ aga9/ himself1 aga9/ ! sugge/ions ( egoism1 idl5ess1 disc\ragem5t1 !n at ! mom5t :5 he might believe himself victori\s1 f9d+ 9 ! *ampions attract$ by 8 ideal ^? :o are de/9$ if n to br+ ab\t its complete ru91 at lea/ to give x its mo/ t]rible bl[s4 ,poor ,francis6 ,! la/ ye>s ( 8 life 7 inde$ a via dolorosa z pa9ful z t :]e 8 ma/] sank d[n "u ! weight ( ! cross2 = x is /ill a joy to die = "o's ideal1 b :at bitt] pa9 to look on 9 advance at ! apo!osis ( "o's body1 :ile see+ "o's s\l--,i w\ld say 8 ?\ght--misund]/ood & fru/rat$4 ,if we ask = ! orig9s ( 8 idea we f9d !m exclusively among ! common p ( 8 "t2 he is ! inc>nation ( ! ,italian s\l at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 z ,dante 0 to be its inc>nation a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,he 0 ( ! p & ! p recogniz$ !mselves 9 him4 ,he _h _! poetry & _! aspirations1 he esp\s$ _! claims1 & ! v "n ( 8 in/itute _h at fir/ a political signification3 9 ,assisi z 9 mo/ o!r ,italian t[ns !re 7 majores & m9ores1 ! popolo grasso & ! popolo m9uto2 he resolutely plac$ himself among ! latt]4 ,?is political side ( 8 apo/olate ne$s to be cle>ly appreh5d$ if we w\ld und]/& its amaz+ success & ! :olly unique "* ( ! ,franciscan movem5t 9 its beg9n+4 ,z to its attitude t[>d ! ,*ur*1 x 0 t ( filial ob$i5ce4 ,?is may p]haps appe> /range at fir/ z reg>ds an unau?oriz$ prea*] :o comes speak+ to ! _w 9 ! "n ( 8 own imm$iate p]sonal inspiration4 ,b did n mo/ ( ! m5 ( '#hi believe !mselves good & loyal subjects ( ,l\is ,,xvi48 ,! ,*ur* 0 to our ance/ors :at ! fa!rl& is to u2 we may wi% to remodel its gov]nm5t1 ov]turn its adm9i/ration1 *ange its con/itution1 b we d n ?9k ourselves less good patriots = t4 ,9 ! same way1 9 an age ( simple fai? :5 religi\s beliefs seem$ to be 9 ! v fibre & fle% ( humanity1 ,dante1 )\t ceas+ to be a good ,ca?olic1 c\ld attack ! cl]gy & ! c\rt ( ,rome ) a viol5ce t has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,/4 ,francis s surely believ$ t ! ,*ur* _h become unfai?ful to h] mission t he c\ld speak 9 8 symbolic language ( ! wid[hood ( 8 ,lady ,pov]ty1 :o f ,*ri/'s "t to 8 own _h f\nd no husb&4 ,h[ c\ld he bett] h decl>$ 8 purposes or reveal$ 8 dreams8 ,:at he purpos$ 0 f> m ?an ! f\ndation ( an ord]1 & x is to d him great wrong ?us to re/rict 8 endeavor4 ,he long$ = a true awak5+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! "n ( ! evangelical ideal :i* he _h rega9$4 ,all ,europe awoke ) a />t :5 x he>d ( ^! p5it5ts f a little ,umbrian t[n4 ,x 0 report$ t !y _h crav$ a /range privilege f ! c\rt ( ,rome3 t ( possess+ no?+4 ,m5 saw !m pass by1 e>n+ _! bread by ! labor ( _! h&s1 accept+ only ! b>e necessities ( bodily su/5ance f !m to :om !y _h giv5 ) lavi% h&s ! bread ( life4 ,! p lift$ up _! heads1 brea?+ 9 ) deep inspirations ! airs ( a spr+time ^u :i* 0 already float+ ! p]fume ( new fl[]s4 ,"h & !re 9 ! _w !re are _m s\ls capable ( all h]oism1 if only !y c see be=e !m a true lead]4 ,/4 ,francis became = ^! ! guide !y _h long$ =1 & :atev] 0 be/ 9 humanity at t "t leap$ to foll[ 9 8 foot/eps4 ,?is movem5t1 :i* 0 de/9$ to result 9 ! con/itution ( a new family ( monks1 0 9 ! beg9n+ anti-mona/ic4 ,x is n r>e = hi/ory to h simil> contradictions to record4 ,! meek ,galilean :o prea*$ ! religion ( a p]sonal revelation1 )\t c]emonial or dogmatic law1 triumph$ only on condition ( be+ conqu]$1 & ( p]mitt+ 8 words ( _s & life to be confiscat$ by a *ur* ess5tially dogmatic & sac]dotal4 ,9 ! same way ! ,franciscan movem5t 0 orig9ally1 if n ! prote/ ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness aga9/ mona*ism1 at lea/ ! recognition ( an ideal s+ul>ly high] ?an t ( ! cl]gy ( t "t4 ,let u picture to ourselves ! ,italy ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ) its divisions1 its p]petual w>f>e1 its depopulat$ c\ntry di/ricts1 ! impossibility ( till+ ! fields except 9 ! n>r[ circle :i* ! g>risons ( ! t[ns might protect2 all ^! cities f ! greate/ to ! lea/ occupi$ 9 wat*+ = ! mo/ favorable mom5t = fall+ ^u & pillag+ _! neighbors2 sieges t]m9at$ by unspeakable atrocities1 & aft] all ?is1 fam9e1 spe$ily foll[$ by pe/il5ce to complete ! deva/ation4 ,!n let u picture to ourselves ! ri* ,b5$ict9e abbeys1 v]itable =tresses set ^u ! hill-tops1 :5ce !y seem$ to comm& all ! surr\nd+ pla9s4 ,!re 0 no?+ surpris+ 9 _! prosp]ity4 ,%ield$ by _! inviolability1 !y 7 9 ^! disord]$ times ! only refuge ( peaceful s\ls & timid he>ts4#d ,! monks 7 9 great majority des]t]s f life1 :o = motives entirely aside f religion _h tak5 refuge beh9d ! only walls :i* at ?is p]iod 7 secure4 ,ov]look ?is z we may1 =get z we may ! demoralization & ignorance ( ! inf]ior cl]gy1 ! simony & ! vices ( ! prelates1 ! co>s5ess & av>ice ( ! monks1 judg+ ! ,*ur* ( ! ?irte5? c5tury only by ^? ( h] sons :o d h] ! mo/ honor2 none ! less are ^! ! an*orites :o flee into ! des]t to escape f w>s & vices1 paus+ only :5 !y are v sure t none ( ! _w's noises w int]rupt _! m$itations4 ,sometimes !y w draw away ) !m hundr$s ( imitators1 to ! solitudes ( ,clairvaux1 ( ! ,*>treuse1 ( ,vallombrosa1 ( ! ,camaldoli2 b ev5 :5 !y are a multitude !y are alone2 = !y are dead to ! _w & to _! bre?r54 ,ea* cell is a des]t1 on ^: ?re%old !y cry ,o beata solitudo4 ,o sola beatitudo4 ,! book ( ! ,imitation is ! picture ( all t is pure/ 9 ?is cloi/]$ life4 ,b is ?is ab/95ce f action truly ,*ri/ian8 ,no1 repli$ ,/4 ,francis4 ,he = 8 "p w\ld d l ,jesus1 & we may say t 8 life is an imitation ( ,*ri/ s+ul>ly m real ?an t ( ,?omas a ,kempis4 ,jesus w5t inde$ into ! des]t1 b only t he might f9d 9 pray] & communion ) ! heav5ly ,fa!r ! inspiration & /r5g? necess>y = keep+ up ! /ruggle aga9/ evil4 ,f> f avoid+ ! multitude1 he s\ght !m out to enlight51 console1 & conv]t !m4 ,?is is :at ,/4 ,francis desir$ to imitate4 ,m ?an once he felt ! s$uction ( ! purely contemplative life1 b ea* "t 8 own _s w>n$ him t ?is 0 only a disguis$ selfi%ness2 t "o saves oneself only 9 sav+ o!rs4 ,:5 he saw suff]+1 wret*$ness1 corruption1 in/ead ( flee+ he /opp$ to b9d up1 to heal1 feel+ 9 8 he>t ! surg+ ( waves ( compassion4 ,he n only prea*$ love to o!rs2 he himself 0 ravi%$ ) x2 he sang x1 & :at 0 ( great] value1 he liv$ x4 ,!re _h inde$ be5 prea*]s ( love be=e 8 day1 b mo/ g5]ally !y _h appeal$ to ! l[e/ selfi%ness4 ,!y _h ?\ght to triumph by prov+ t 9 fact to give to o!rs is to put "o's money out at a usuri\s int]e/4 ,give to ! poor1 said ,/4 ,pet] ,*rysologus1#e t y may give to y\rself2 give him a crumb 9 ord] to receive a loaf2 give him a %elt] to receive heav54 ,!re 0 no?+ l ?is 9 ,francis2 8 *>ity is n selfi%ness1 x is love4 ,he w5t1 n to ! :ole1 :o ne$ no physician1 b to ! sick1 ! =gott51 ! disda9$4 ,he disp5s$ ! treasures ( 8 he>t accord+ to ! ne$ & res]v$ ! be/ ( himself = ! poore/ & ! mo/ lo/1 = lep]s & ?ieves4 ,! gaps 9 8 education 7 ( m>vell\s s]vice to him4 ,m le>n$1 ! =mal logic ( ! s*ools w\ld h robb$ him ( t fl[] ( simplicity :i* is ! great *>m ( 8 life2 he w\ld h se5 ! :ole ext5t ( ! sore ( ! ,*ur*1 & w\ld no d\bt h despair$ ( heal+ x4 ,if he _h kn[n ! ecclesia/ical discipl9e he w\ld h felt oblig$ to obs]ve x2 b ?anks to 8 ignorance he c\ld (t5 violate x )\t kn[+ x1#f & be a h]etic q unaw>es4 ,we c n[ det]m9e to :at religi\s family ,/4 ,francis belongs4 ,look+ at ! "q f a some:at high /&po9t we see t 9 ! la/ analysis m9ds1 l religi\s sy/ems1 are to be f\nd 9 two great families1 /&+1 s to say1 at ! two poles ( ?\ght4 ,^! two poles are only ma!matical po9ts1 !y d n exi/ 9 concrete reality2 b = all t we c set !m d[n on ! *>t ( philosophic & moral ideas4 ,!re are religions :i* look t[>d div9ity & religions :i* look t[>d man4 ,"h aga9 ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! two families is purely ideal & artificial2 !y (t5 s m+le & bl5d ) "o ano!r t we h mu* difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ !m1 especially 9 ! int]m$iate zone 9 :i* our civilization f9ds its place2 b if we g t[>d ! poles we %all f9d _! *>act]i/ics gr[+ gradually di/9ct4 ,9 ! religions :i* look t[>d div9ity all ef=t is conc5trat$ on wor%ip1 & especially on sacrifice4 ,! end aim$ at is a *ange 9 ! disposition ( ! gods4 ,!y are mighty k+s ^: support or favor "o mu/ pur*ase by gifts4 ,mo/ pagan religions belong to ?is category & ph>isaic ,judaism z well4 ,?is is also ! t5d5cy ( c]ta9 ,ca?olics ( ! old s*ool = :om ! great ?+ is to appease ,god or to buy ! protection ( ! ,virg9 & ! sa9ts by means ( pray]s1 c&les1 & masses4 ,! o!r religions look t[>d man2 _! ef=t is direct$ to ! he>t & consci5ce ) ! purpose ( trans=m+ !m4 ,sacrifice disappe>s1 or r x *anges f ! ext]ior to ! int]ior4 ,god is conceiv$ ( z a fa!r1 always ready to welcome him :o comes to him4 ,conv]sion1 p]fection1 sanctification become ! pre-em95t religi\s acts4 ,wor%ip & pray] cease to be incantations & become reflection1 m$itation1 virile ef=t2 :ile 9 religions ( ! fir/ class ! cl]gy h an ess5tial "p1 z int]m$i>ies betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 9 ^? ( ! second !y h none1 ea* consci5ce ent]+ into direct relations ) ,god4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ! prophets ( ,israel to =mulate1 ) a precision be=e unkn[n1 ! />t+-po9t ( spiritual wor%ip4 ,br+ no m va9 (f]+s2 ,i h a horror ( inc5se1 ,y\r new moons1 y\r ,sabba?s1 & y\r assemblies2 ,:5 y multiply pray]s ,i w n he>k54 ,y\r h&s are full ( blood1 ,wa% y1 make y clean1 ,put away f be=e my eyes ! evil ( y\r ways1 ,cease to d evil1 ,le>n to d well4#g ,) ,isaiah ^! vehem5t apo/rophes are b fla%es ( g5ius1 b ) ,jesus ! int]ior *ange becomes at once ! pr9ciple & ! end ( ! religi\s life4 ,8 promises 7 n = ^? :o 7 "r ) ! c]emonial law1 or :o (f]$ ! greate/ numb] ( sacrifices1 b = ! pure 9 he>t1 = m5 ( good w4 ,^! consid]ations are n p]haps )\t _! use 9 %[+ ! spiritual ance/ry ( ! ,sa9t ( ,assisi4 ,= him1 z = ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 conv]sion 0 a radical & complete *ange1 ! act ( w by :i* man wre/s himself f ! slav]y ( s9 & places himself "u ! yoke ( div9e au?ority4 ,!nce=? pray]1 become a necess>y act ( life1 ceases to be a magic =mula2 x is an impulse ( ! he>t1 x is reflection & m$itation ris+ above ! commonplaces ( ?is mortal life1 to ent] into ! my/]y ( ! div9e w & con=m itself to x2 x is ! act ( ! atom :i* und]/&s its littl5ess1 b :i* desires1 ?\gh only by a s+le note1 to be 9 h>mony ) ! div9e symphony4 ,ecce adsum ,dom9e1 ut faciam voluntatem tuam4 ,:5 we rea* ^! heights we belong n to a sect1 b to humanity2 we are l ^? wond]s ( nature :i* ! accid5t ( circum/ances has plac$ ^u ! t]ritory ( ?is or t p1 b :i* belong to all ! _w1 because 9 fact !y belong to no "o1 or r !y are ! common & inali5able prop]ty ( ! entire human race4 ,hom]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,dante1 ,goe!1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,rembr&t belong to u all z mu* z ! ru9s ( ,a!ns or ,rome1 or1 r1 !y belong to ^? :o love !m mo/ & und]/& !m be/4 ,b t :i* is a truism1 s f> z m5 ( g5ius 9 ! doma9 ( imag9ation or ?\ght are conc]n$1 /ill appe>s l a p>adox :5 we speak ( m5 ( religi\s g5ius4 ,! ,*ur* has laid su* absolute claim to !m t %e has creat$ 9 h] own favor a sort ( "r4 ,x _c be t ?is arbitr>y confiscation %all endure =ev]4 ,to prev5t x we h n to p]=m an act ( negation or demolition3 let u leave to ! *apels _! /atues & _! relics1 & f> f belittl+ ! sa9ts1 let u make _! true gr&eur %9e =?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is "t to say a few words conc]n+ ! difficulties ( ! "w "h pres5t$ to ! public4 ,hi/ory always embraces b a v feeble "p ( ! reality3 ignorant1 %e is l ! /ories *ildr5 tell ( ! ev5ts t h occurr$ be=e _! eyes2 le>n$1 %e rem9ds u ( a museum organiz$ ) all ! mod]n improvem5ts4 ,in/ead ( mak+ y see nature ) its ext]nal cov]+1 its diffuse life1 its my/]i\s e*oes 9 y\r own he>t1 !y (f] y a h]b>ium4 ,if x is difficult to n>rate an ord9>y ev5t ( our own "t1 x is f> m s to describe ! great crises :]e re/less humanity is seek+ its true pa?4 ,! fir/ duty ( ! hi/orian is to =get 8 own "t & c\ntry & become ! sympa!tic & int]e/$ contempor>y ( :at he relates2 b if x is difficult to give oneself ! he>t ( a ,greek or a ,roman1 x is inf9itely m s to give oneself a he>t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,i h said t at t p]iod ! ,middle ,age 0 tw5ty ye>s old1 & ! feel+s ( ! tw5tie? ye> are1 if n ! mo/ fugitive1 at lea/ ! mo/ difficult to note d[n4 ,ev]yone kn[s t x is impossible to recall ! feel+s ( y\? ) ! same cle>ness z ^? ( *ildhood or mature age4 ,d\btless we may h ext]nal facts 9 ! memory1 b we _c recall ! s5sations & ! s5tim5ts2 ! confus$ =ces :i* seek to move u are !n all at "w at once1 & to speak ! language ( beyond ! ,rh9e1 x is ! ess5tially ph5om5al h\r ( ! ph5om5a t we are2 ev]y?+ 9 u crosses1 int]m+les1 collides1 9 desp]ate conflict3 x is a "t ( diabolic or div9e excitem5t4 ,let a few ye>s pass1 & no?+ 9 ! _w c make u live ^? h\rs ov] aga94 ,:]e 0 once a volcano1 we p]ceive only a heap ( black5$ a%es1 & sc>cely1 at long int]vals1 w a *ance meet+1 a s\nd1 a ^w1 awak5 memory & unseal ! f\nta9 ( recollection2 & ev5 !n x is only a fla%2 we h _h b a glimpse & all has sunk back into %ad[ & sil5ce4 ,we f9d ! same difficulty :5 we try to take note ( ! fi]y en?usiasms ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 its poetic inspirations1 its amor\s & *a/e visions--all ?is is ?r[n up aga9/ a backgr\nd ( co>s5ess1 wret*$ness1 corruption1 & folly4 ,! m5 ( t "t _h all ! vices except triviality1 all ! virtues except mod]ation2 !y 7 ei!r ruffians or sa9ts4 ,life 0 rude en\gh to kill feeble organisms2 & ?us *>act]s _h an en]gy unkn[n to-day4 ,x 0 =ev] necess>y to provide be=eh& aga9/ a ?\s& dang]s1 to take ^? sudd5 resolutions 9 :i* "o risks 8 life4 ,op5 ! *ronicle ( ,fra ,salimb5i & y w be %ock$ to f9d t ! l>ge/ place is tak5 up ) ! acc\nt ( ! annual exp$itions ( ,p>ma aga9/ ! neighbor+ cities1 or ( ! neighbor+ cities aga9/ ,p>ma4 ,:at w\ld x h be5 if ?is *ronicle1 in/ead ( be+ writt5 by a monk ( uncommonly op5 m9d1 a lov] ( music1 at c]ta9 times an ard5t ,joa*imite1 an indefatigable travell]1 _h be5 writt5 by a w>rior8 ,& ?is is n all2 ^! w>s betwe5 city & city 7 complicat$ ) civil diss5sions1 plots 7 hat*$ p]iodically1 conspirators 7 massacr$ if !y 7 discov]$1 or massacr$ & exil$ o!rs 9 _! turn if !y 7 triumphant4#h ,:5 we picture to ourselves ?is /ate ( ?+s dom9at$ by ! gr& /ruggles ( ! papacy aga9/ ! empire1 h]etics1 & infidels1 we may und]/& h[ difficult x is to describe su* a "t4 ,! imag9ation be+ haunt$ by horrible or entranc+ pictures l ^? ( ! frescos 9 ! ,campo ,santo ( ,pisa1 m5 7 always ?9k+ ( heav5 & hell2 !y in=m$ !mselves ab\t !m ) ! fev]i% curiosity ( emigrants1 :o pass _! days on %ipbo>d 9 try+ to picture t spot 9 ,am]ica :]e 9 a few days !y w pit* _! t5t4 ,e monk ( any notoriety mu/ h gone ?r\gh ?is4 ,dante's poem is n an isolat$ "w2 x is ! noble/ result ( a condition :i* _h giv5 bir? to hundr$s ( compositions1 & ,alighi]i _h little m to d ?an to co-ord9ate ! works ( 8 pr$ecessors & vivify !m ) ! brea? ( 8 own g5ius4 ,! unsettl$ /ate ( m5's m9ds 0 unimag9able4 ,t unheal?y curiosity :i* lies at ! bottom ( ! human he>t1 & :i* at ! pres5t day impels m5 to seek = ref9$ & ev5 p]v]se enjoym5ts1 impell$ m5 ( t "t to devotions :i* seem l a defiance to common s5se4 ,nev] _h he>ts be5 %ak5 ) su* t]rors1 nor ev] ?rill$ ) su* radiant hopes4 ,! noble/ hymns ( ! liturgy1 ! ,/abat & ! ,dies ,irae1 come to u f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & we may well say t nev] has ! human pla9t be5 m agoniz$4 ,:5 we look ?r\gh hi/ory1 n to f9d acc\nts ( battles or ( ! succession ( dyna/ies1 b to try to grasp ! evolution ( ideas & feel+s1 :5 we seek above all to discov] ! he>t ( man & ( epo*s1 we p]ceive1 on arriv+ at ! ?irte5? c5tury1 t a fre% w9d has bl[n ov] ! _w1 ! human lyre has a new /r+1 ! l[e/1 ! mo/ pr(\nd2 "o :i* s+s ( woes & hopes to :i* ! anci5t _w _h n vibrat$4 ,9 ! brea/ ( ! m5 ( t "t we ?9k sometimes we feel ! beat+ ( a woman's he>t2 !y h exquisite s5tim5ts1 delightful inspirations1 ) absurd t]rors1 fanta/ic ang]s1 inf]nal cruelties4 ,weakness & fe> (t5 make !m ins9c]e2 !y h ! idea ( ! gr&1 ! beautiful1 ! ugly1 b t ( ord] is want+2 !y fa/ or fea/2 ! notion ( ! laws ( nature1 s deeply grav5 9 our own m9ds1 is to !m entirely a /rang]2 ! words possible & impossible h = !m no mean+4 ,"s give !mselves to ,god1 o!rs sell !mselves to ! devil1 b n "o feels himself /rong en\gh to walk alone1 /rong en\gh to h no ne$ to hold on by "s "o's skirt4 ,peopl$ ) spirits & demons nature appe>$ to !m s+ul>ly animat$2 9 h] pres5ce !y h all ! emotions :i* a *ild exp]i5ces at night be=e ! trees on ! roadside & ! vague =ms ( ! rocks4 ,un=tunately1 our language is a v imp]fect in/rum5t = r5d]+ all ?is2 x is nei!r musical nor flexible2 s9ce ! sev5te5? c5tury x has be5 deem$ seemly to keep "o's emotions to oneself1 & ! old words :i* s]v$ to note /ates ( ! s\l h fall5 into neglect2 ! ,imitation & ! ,fioretti h become untranslatable4 ,m ?an ?is1 9 a hi/ory l ! pres5t "o1 we mu/ give a l>ge place to ! ,italian _s2 x is evid5t t 9 a c\ntry :]e !y call a *apel basilica & a t9y h\se palazzo1 or 9 speak+ to a sem9>i/ say ,y\r ,rev]5ce1 words h n ! same value z on ?is side ( ! ,alps4 ,! ,italians h an imag9ation :i* enl>ges & simplifies4 ,!y see ! =ms & outl9es ( m5 & ?+s m ?an !y grasp _! _s4 ,:at !y mo/ admire 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo is gigantic =ms1 noble & pr\d attitudes1 :ile we bett] und]/& 8 secret ?\ghts1 hidd5 sorr[s1 groans1 & sighs4 ,place be=e _! eyes a picture by ,rembr&t1 & m (t5 ?an n x w appe> to !m ugly2 its *>m _c be caught at a glance z 9 ^? ( _! arti/s2 to see x y mu/ exam9e x1 make an ef=t1 & ) !m ef=t is ! beg9n+ ( pa94 ,d n ask !m1 !n1 to und]/& ! pa?os ( ?+s1 to be t\*$ by ! my/]i\s & almo/ fanciful emotion :i* nor!rn he>ts discov] & enjoy 9 ! works ( ! ,am/]dam ma/]4 ,no1 in/ead ( a =e/ !y want a few trees1 /&+ out cle>ly aga9/ ! horizon2 in/ead ( a multitude sw>m+ 9 ! p5umbra ( reality1 a few p]sonages1 l>g] ?an nature1 =m+ h>moni\s gr\ps 9 an ideal temple4 ,! g5ius ( a p#i is all ( a piece3 !y apply to hi/ory ! same processes t !y apply to ! arts4 ,:ile ! ,g]manic _s consid]s ev5ts r 9 _! evolution1 9 _! complex becom+1 ! ,italian _s takes !m at a giv5 mom5t1 ov]looks ! %ad[s1 ! cl\ds1 ! mi/s1 ev]y?+ t makes ! l9e indi/9ct1 br+s out ! cont\r %>ply1 & ?us con/ructs a v lucid /ory1 :i* is a delight to ! eyes1 b :i* is little m ?an a symbol ( ! reality4 ,at o!r times x takes a man1 sep>ates him f ! unnam$ cr[d1 & by a labor (t5 unconsci\s1 makes him ! ideal type ( a :ole epo*4#aj ,c]ta9ly !re is 9 e p a t5d5cy to give !mselves a circle ( div9ities & h]oes :o are1 s to say1 ! inc>nation ( its in/9cts2 b g5]ally t requires ! long labor ( c5turies4 ,! ,italian "* w n suff] ?is sl[ action2 z soon z x recognizes a man x says s1 x ev5 %\ts x al\d if t is necess>y1 & makes him ent] ^u immortality :ile /ill alive4 ,?us leg5d almo/ conf\nds itself ) hi/ory1 & x becomes v difficult to r$uce m5 to _! true proportions4 ,we mu/ n1 !n1 ask too mu* ( hi/ory4 ,! m beautiful is ! dawn1 ! less "o c describe x4 ,! mo/ beautiful ?+s 9 nature1 ! fl[] & ! butt]fly1 %\ld be t\*$ only by delicate h&s4 ,! ef=t "h made to indicate ! v>iegat$1 wav]+ t9ts :i* =m ! atmosph]e 9 :i* ,/4 ,francis liv$ is !re=e ( v unc]ta9 success4 ,x 0 p]haps presumptu\s to und]take x4 ,happily we are no long] 9 ! "t :5 hi/orians ?\ght !y _h done ! "r ?+ :5 !y _h r$uc$ ev]y?+ to its prop] size1 cont5t+ !mselves ) d5y+ or omitt+ ev]y?+ 9 ! life ( ! h]oes ( humanity :i* rises above ! level ( our e-day exp]i5ce4 ,no d\bt ,francis did n meet on ! road to ,si5na ?ree pure & g5tle virg9s come f heav5 to greet him2 ! devil did n ov]turn rocks = ! sake ( t]rify+ him2 b :5 we d5y ^! visions & app>itions1 we are victims ( an error grav]1 p]haps1 ?an t ( ^? :o affirm !m4 ,! fir/ "t t ,i 0 at ,assisi ,i arriv$ 9 ! middle ( ! night4 ,:5 ! sun rose1 flood+ ev]y?+ ) w>m? & light1 ! old basilica#aa seem$ sudd5ly to quiv]2 "o might h said t x wi%$ to speak & s+4 ,giotto's frescos1 b n[ invisible1 awoke to a /range life1 y might h ?\ght !m pa9t$ ! ev5+ be=e s mu* alive !y 72 ev]y?+ 0 mov+ )\t awkw>dness or j>4 ,i return$ six mon?s lat]4 ,a scaffold _h be5 put up 9 ! middle ( ! nave2 ^u x an art critic 0 exam9+ ! pa9t+s1 & z ! day 0 ov]ca/ he ?rew ^u ! walls ! beams ( a lamp ) a reflector4 ,!n y saw arms ?r[n out1 faces grimac+1 )\t unity1 )\t h>mony2 ! mo/ exquisite figures took on some?+ fanta/ic & grotesque4 ,he came d[n triumphant1 ) a portfolio /uff$ ) sket*es2 "h a foot1 !re a muscle1 f>!r on a bit ( face1 & ,i c\ld n refra9 f mus+ on ! frescos z ,i _h se5 !m ba!d 9 sunlight4 ,! sun & ! lamp are bo? deceiv]s2 !y trans=m :at !y %[2 b if ! tru? mu/ be told ,i own to my pref]5ce = ! falsehoods ( ! sun4 ,hi/ory is a l&scape1 & l ^? ( nature x is cont9ually *ang+4 ,two p]sons :o look at x at ! same "t d n f9d 9 x ! same *>m1 & y y\rself1 if y _h x cont9ually be=e y\r eyes1 w\ld nev] see x twice alike4 ,! g5]al l9es are p]man5t1 b x ne$s only a cl\d to hide ! mo/ important ones1 z x ne$s only a jet ( light to br+ out su* or su* a detail & give x a false value4 ,:5 ,i began ?is page ! sun 0 disappe>+ beh9d ! ra9s ( ! ,ca/le ( ,crussol & ! spl5dors ( ! sunset gave x a %9+ aureola2 ! light flood$ ev]y?+1 & y no long] saw any:]e ! damage :i* w>s h inflict$ ^u ! old feudal manor4 ,i look$1 almo/ ?9k+ ,i c\ld p]ceive at ! w9d[ ! figure ( ! *atela9e 444 ,twilight has come1 & n[ !re is no?+ up !re b crumbl+ walls1 a discr[n$ t[]1 no?+ b ru9s & rubbi%1 :i* seem to beg = pity4 ,x is ! same ) ! l&scapes ( hi/ory4 ,n>r[ m9ds _c accommodate !mselves to ^! p]petual trans=mations3 !y want an objective hi/ory 9 :i* ! au?or w /udy ! p z a *emi/ /udies a body4 ,x is v possible t !re may be laws = hi/oric evolution & social trans=mations z exact z ^? ( *emical comb9ations1 & we mu/ hope t 9 ! end !y w be discov]$2 b = ! pres5t !re is no purely objective tru? ( hi/ory4 ,to write hi/ory we mu/ ?9k x1 & to ?9k x is to trans=m x4 ,)9 a few ye>s1 x is true1 m5 h believ$ !y _h f\nd ! secret ( objectivity1 9 ! publication ( orig9al docum5ts4 ,?is is a true progress :i* r5d]s ine/imable s]vice1 b "h aga9 we mu/ n deceive ourselves z to its significance4 ,all ! docum5ts on an epo* or an ev5t _c usually be publi%$1 a selection mu/ be made1 & 9 x w necess>ily appe> ! turn ( m9d ( him :o makes x4 ,let u admit t all t c be f\nd is publi%$2 b alas1 ! mo/ unusual movem5ts h g5]ally ! fewe/ docum5ts4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,middle ,ages3 x is already a pretty delicate task to collect (ficial docum5ts1 su* z bulls1 briefs1 concili>y canons1 mona/ic con/itutions1 etc41 b d ^! docum5ts conta9 all ! life ( ! ,*ur*8 ,mu* is /ill want+1 & to my m9d ! movem5ts :i* secretly agitat$ ! masses are mu* m important1 al?\gh to te/ify to !m we h only a few fragm5ts4 ,poor h]etics1 !y 7 n only imprison$ & burn$1 b _! books 7 de/roy$ & ev]y?+ t spoke ( !m2 & m ?an "o hi/orian1 f9d+ sc>cely a trace ( !m 9 8 heaps ( docum5ts1 =gets ^! prophets ) _! /range visions1 ^! poet-monks :o f ! dep?s ( _! cells made ! _w to ?rill & ! papacy to tremble4 ,objective hi/ory is !n a utopia4 ,we create ,god 9 our own image1 & we impress ! m>k ( our p]sonality 9 places :]e we lea/ expect to f9d x aga94 ,b by d9t ( talk+ ab\t ! tribunal ( hi/ory we h made mo/ au?ors ?9k t !y owe to !mselves & _! read]s def9itive & irrevocable judgm5ts4 ,x is always easi] to pron\nce a s5t5ce ?an to wait1 to res]ve "o's op9ion1 to re-exam9e4 ,! cr[d :i* has put itself out to be pres5t at a trial is almo/ always furi\s ) ! judges :5 !y res]ve ! case = fur!r in=mation2 its m9d is s made t x requires precision 9 ?+s :i* w be> x ! lea/2 x puts que/ions "r & left1 z *ildr5 d2 if y appe> to hesitate or to be emb>rass$ y are lo/ 9 its e/imation1 y are evid5tly only an ignoramus4 ,b p]haps bel[ ! ,areopagites1 oblig$ by _! functions to pron\nce s5t5ce1 !re is place at ! fam\s tribunal = a simple spectator :o has come 9 by accid5t4 ,he has made out a brief & w\ld l v simply to tell 8 neighbors 8 op9ion4 ,?is1 !n1 is n a hi/ory ad prob&um1 to use ! anci5t =mula4 ,is ?is to say t ,i h only desir$ to give ! read] a mom5t ( div]sion8 ,t w\ld be to und]/& my ?\ght v ill4 ,9 ! gr& spectacles ( hi/ory z 9 ^? ( nature !re is some?+ div9e2 f x our m9ds & he>ts ga9 a virtue at once pacify+ & enc\rag+1 we exp]i5ce ! salut>y s5sation ( littl5ess1 & see+ ! beauties & ! sadnesses ( ! pa/ we le>n bett] h[ to judge ! pres5t h\r4 ,9 "o ( ! frescos ( ! ,upp] ,*ur* ( ,assisi1 ,giotto has repres5t$ ,/4 ,cl>a & h] companions com+ out f ,/4 ,damian all 9 te>s1 to kiss _! spiritual fa!r's corpse z x is be+ c>ri$ to its la/ home4 ,) an arti/'s lib]ty he has made ! *apel a ri* *ur* built ( preci\s m>bles4 ,happily ! real ,/4 ,damian is /ill !re1 ne/l$ "u "s olive-trees l a l>k "u ! hea!r2 x /ill has its ill-made walls ( irregul> /ones1 l ^? :i* b\nd ! neighbor+ fields4 ,:i* is ! m beautiful1 ! ideal temple ( ! arti/'s fancy1 or ! poor *apel ( reality8 ,no he>t w be 9 d\bt4 ,francis's (ficial hi/orians h done = 8 biography :at ,giotto did = 8 little sanctu>y4 ,9 g5]al !y h done him ill-s]vice4 ,_! embelli%m5ts h hidd5 ! real ,/4 ,francis1 :o 01 9 fact1 inf9itely nobl] ?an !y h made him to be4 ,ecclesia/ical writ]s appe> to make a great mi/ake 9 ?us adorn+ ! lives ( _! h]oes1 & only m5tion+ _! edify+ features4 ,!y ?us give occasion1 ev5 to ! mo/ dev\t1 to suspect _! te/imony4 ,besides1 by ?us surr\nd+ _! sa9ts ) light !y make !m sup]human creatures1 hav+ no?+ 9 common ) u2 !y are privileg$ *>act]s1 m>k$ ) ! div9e seal2 !y are1 z ! litanies say1 vials ( election1 into :i* ,god has p\r$ ! sweete/ p]fumes2 _! sanctity is reveal$ almo/ 9 spite ( !mselves2 !y are born sa9ts z o!rs are born k+s or slaves1 _! life is set out aga9/ ! gold5 backgr\nd ( a trypti*1 & n aga9/ ! sombre backgr\nd ( reality4 ,by su* means ! sa9ts1 p]haps1 ga9 some?+ 9 ! respect ( ! sup]/iti\s2 b _! lives lose some?+ ( virtue & ( communicable /r5g?4 ,=gett+ t !y 7 m5 l ourselves1 we no long] he> 9 our consci5ce ! comm&1 ,g & d likewise4 ,x is1 !n1 a "w ( piety to seek beh9d ! leg5d = ! hi/ory4 ,is x presumptu\s to ask our read]s to try to und]/& ! ?irte5? c5tury & love ,/4 ,francis8 ,!y w be amply rew>d$ = ! ef=t1 & w soon f9d an unexpect$ *>m 9 ^! too meagre l&scapes1 ^! incorporate s\ls1 ^! sickly imag9ations :i* w pass be=e _! eyes4 ,love is ! true key ( hi/ory4 ,a book has always a great numb] ( au?ors1 & ! foll[+ pages owe mu* to ! rese>*es ( o!rs2 ,i h tri$ 9 ! notes to %[ ! :ole value ( ^! debts4 ,i h also _h colabor]s to :om x w be m difficult = me to express my gratitude4 ,i ref] to ! libr>ians ( ! libr>ies ( ,italy & _! assi/ants2 x is impossible to "n !m all1 _! faces are bett] kn[n to me ?an _! names1 b ,i w\ld "h say t dur+ long mon?s pass$ 9 ! v>i\s collections ( ! ,p59sula1 all1 ev5 to ! mo/ humble employees1 h %[n a tireless helpfulness ev5 at ^? p]iods ( ! ye> :5 ! numb] ( att5dants 0 ! smalle/4 ,pr(essor ,aless&ro ,leto1 :o1 b>ely recov]$ f a grave attack ( influ5za1 k9dly s]v$ z my guide among ! ar*ives ( ,assisi1 des]ves a v p>ticul> m5tion4 ,to ! ,syndic & municipality ( t city ,i desire also to express my gratitude4 ,i _c close )\t a w>m remembrance to ! spiritual sons ( ,/4 ,francis disp]s$ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,umbria & ,tuscany4 ,de> dwell]s 9 ,/4 ,damian1 ,portiuncula1 ! ,c>c]i1 ! ,v]na1 ,monte ,colombo1 y p]haps rememb] ! /range pilgrim :o1 ?\gh he wore nei!r ! frock nor ! cord1 us$ to talk ) y ( ! ,s]aphic ,fa!r ) z mu* love z ! mo/ pi\s ,franciscan2 y us$ to be surpris$ at 8 eag]ness to see ev]y?+1 to look at ev]y?+1 to ?read all ! unexplor$ pa?s4 ,y (t5 tri$ to re/ra9 him by tell+ him t !re 0 n ! smalle/ relic1 ! mo/ meagre indulg5ce 9 ! f>-away grottos to :i* he 0 dragg+ y1 b y always end$ by go+ ) him1 ?9k+ t none b a ,fr5*man c\ld be possess$ by a devotion s f]v5t & s imprud5t4 ,?ank y1 pi\s an*orites ( ,greccio1 ?ank y = ! bread t y w5t out & begg$ :5 ,i arriv$ at y\r h]mitage b5umb$ ) cold & hung]4 ,if y read ^! l9es1 read "h my gratitude & also a little admiration4 ,y are n all sa9ts1 b ne>ly all ( y h h\rs ( sa9tl9ess1 flights ( pure love4 ,if "s pages ( ?is book give y pa91 turn !m ov] quickly2 let me ?9k t o!rs ( !m w give y pleasure1 & w make ! "n y be>1 if possible1 /ill m preci\s to y ?an x n[ is4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! m5dicant ord]s 7 9 _! orig9 a true ,int]national4 ,:5 9 ! spr+ ( #abaf ,/4 ,dom9ic assembl$ 8 fri>s at ,notre ,dame de la ,pr\ille1 !y 7 f\nd to be sixte5 9 numb]1 & among !m ,ca/ilians1 ,nav>ese1 ,normans1 ,fr5*1 ,langu$ocians1 & ev5 ,engli% & ,g]mans4 ,h]etics travell$ all ov] ,europe1 & n[h]e d we f9d !m *eck$ by ! div]sity ( languages4 ,arnold ( ,brescia1 = example1 ! fam\s ,tribune ( ,rome1 appe>$ 9 ,france & ,switz]l& & 9 ! he>t ( ,g]many4 #b ,! ,re=mation only sub/itut$ ! au?ority ( ! book = t ( ! prie/2 x is a *ange ( dyna/y & no?+ m4 ,z to ! majority ( ^? :o to-day call !mselves free-?9k]s1 !y confuse religi\s fre$om ) irreligion2 !y *oose n to see t 9 religion z 9 politics1 betwe5 a royalty bas$ on div9e "r & an>*y !re is room = a gov]nm5t :i* may be z /rong z ! fir/ & a bett] gu>antee ( fre$om ?an ! second4 ,! _s ( ! old] "t put ,god outside ( ! _w2 ! sov]eignty outside ( ! p2 au?ority outside ( ! consci5ce4 ,! _s ( ! new times has ! contr>y t5d5cy3 x d5ies nei!r ,god nor sov]eignty nor au?ority1 b x sees !m :]e !y really are4 #c ,nemo o/5debat mihi quod deb]em fac]e1 s$ ipse ,altissimus revelavit mihi quod deb]em viv]e secundem =mam sancti ,evangelii4 ,te/am5tum ,fr4 #d ,! weal?ie/ mona/]ies ( ,france are ( ! twelf? c5tury or 7 enl>g$ at t "t3 ,arles1 ,s4 ,gilles1 ,s4 ,s]n91 ,cluny1 ,vezelay1 ,bri\de1 ,issoire1 ,p>ay-le-,monial4 ,! same 0 ! case 9 ,italy4 ,d[n to ! ye> #ajjj1 #a1ajh mona/]ies _h be5 f\nd$ 9 ,france4 ,! elev5? c5tury saw ! bir? ( #cbf & ! twelf? ( #gjb4 ,! conv5ts ( ,m\nt ,a?os 9 _! pres5t /ate give u a v accurate notion ( ! great mona/]ies ( ,europe at ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury4 #e ,/4 ,petrus ,*rysologus1 s]mo viii41 de jejunio et eleemosyna4 ,da paup]i ut des tibi3 da micam ut accipias totum panem2 da tectum1 accipe coelum4 #f ,by :at "r did he beg9 to prea*8 ,by :at "r did he1 a m]e deacon1 admit to pr(ession & cut (f ! hair ( a "y girl ( eighte58 ,t is an episcopal function1 "o :i* c only devolve ev5 ^u prie/s by an express commission4 #g ,isaiah i4 #aj-ag4 ,cf4 ,joel #b1 ,psalm #ej4 #h ,! *ronicles ( ,orvieto 7,ar*ivio1 /orico italiano1 t4 i41 ( #ahhi1 pp4 #g & foll[+7 are no?+ m ?an a li/1 z melan*oly z !y are t$i\s ( w>s1 :i*1 dur+ ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 all ! places ( t region c>ri$ on1 f ! greate/ to ! smalle/4 #i ,d n =get t 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,italy 0 n a m]e geographical expression4 ,x 0 ( all ! c\ntries ( ,europe ! "o :i*1 not)/&+ its p>titions1 _h ! cle>e/ consci\sness ( its unity4 ,! expression pr(ectus et honor ,italiae (t5 appe>$ f ! p5 ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ! bull ( ,april #af1 #aaih1 ,mir>i cogimur1 address$ p>ticul>ly to ! ,assisans4 #aj ,note :at ! ,fioretti say ( ,bro!r ,b]n>d3 ,/ava solo sulle cime dei monti altissimi contempl&o le cose cele/i4 ,fior41 #bh4 ,! le>n$ hi/orian ( ,assisi1 ,mr4 ,cri/(ani1 has us$ simil> expressions2 speak+ ( ,/4 ,francis1 he says3 ,nuovo ,*ri/o 9 somma e p]o degno d'ess]e rigu>doto come la piu gigantesca1 la piu spl5dida1 la piu c>a tra le gr&i figure campeggianti nell' a]e del m$io evo 7,/oria d',assisi1 t4 i41 p4 #gj1 ed4 ( #ahhe74 #aa ,x rema9s op5 all night4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,i ,,y\? ,assisi is to-day v mu* :at x 0 six or sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! feudal ca/le is 9 ru9s1 b ! aspect ( ! city is j ! same4 ,its long-des]t$ /reets1 bord]$ by anci5t h\ses1 lie 9 t]races half-way up ! /eep hill-side4 ,above x ,m\nt ,subasio#a pr\dly t[]s1 at its feet lies outspread all ! ,umbrian pla9 f ,p]ugia to ,spoleto4 ,! cr[d$ h\ses clamb] up ! rocks l *ildr5 a-tiptoe to see all t is to be se52 !y succe$ s well t e w9d[ gives ! :ole panorama set 9 its frame ( r\nd$ hills1 f ^: summits ca/les & villages /& %>ply out aga9/ a sky ( incomp>able purity4 ,^! simple dwell+s conta9 no m ?an five or six little rooms1#b b ! rosy hues ( ! /one ( :i* !y are built give !m a wond]fully *e]ful air4 ,! "o 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! /ory1 ,/4 ,francis 0 born has almo/ entirely disappe>$1 to make room = a *ur*2 b ! /reet is s mode/1 & all t rema9s ( ! palazzo dei g5itori di ,san ,francesco is s precisely l ! neighbor+ h\ses t ! tradition mu/ be correct4 ,francis ent]$ into glory 9 8 lifetime2 x w\ld be surpris+ if a sort ( wor%ip _h n f ! fir/ be5 c5tr$ ar\nd ! h\se 9 :i* he saw ! light & :]e he pass$ ! fir/ tw5ty-five ye>s ( 8 life4 ,he 0 born ab\t #aahb4c ,! biographies h pres]v$ to u few details ab\t 8 p>5ts4#d ,8 fa!r1 ,pietro ,b]n>done1 0 a weal?y clo?-m]*ant4 ,we "k h[ diff]5t 0 ! life ( ! m]*ants ( t p]iod f :at x is to-day4 ,a great portion ( _! "t 0 sp5t 9 ext5sive j\rneys = ! pur*ase ( goods4 ,su* t\rs 7 little %ort ( exp$itions4 ,! roads be+ insecure1 a /rong escort 0 ne$$ = ! j\rney to ^? fam\s fairs :]e1 = long weeks at a "t1 m]*ants f ! mo/ remote p>ts ( ,europe 7 ga!r$ toge!r4 ,9 c]ta9 cities1 ,montpelli] = example1 ! fair 0 p]petual4 ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela %[s u t city frequ5t$ by all nations1 ,*ri/ian & ,mohamm$an4 ,"o meets !re m]*ants f ,africa1 f ,italy1 ,egypt1 ,pale/9e1 ,greece1 ,gaul1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 s t "o sees m5 ( all languages1 ) ! ,g5oese & ! ,pisans4 ,among all ^! m]*ants ! ri*e/ 7 ^? :o dealt 9 textile /uffs4 ,!y 7 lit]ally ! bank]s ( ! "t1 & _! heavy wagons 7 (t5 lad5 ) ! sums levi$ by ! popes 9 ,engl& or ,france4 ,_! arrival at a ca/le 0 "o ( ! great ev5ts4 ,!y 7 kept z long z possible1 ev]yone be+ eag] = ! news !y br\ght4 ,x is easy to und]/& h[ close mu/ h be5 _! relations ) ! nobility2 9 c]ta9 c\ntries1 ,prov5ce = example1 ! m]*ants 7 consid]$ z nobles ( a second ord]4#e ,b]n>done (t5 made ^! long j\rneys2 he w5t ev5 z f> z ,france1 & by ?is we mu/ surely und]/& ,nor!rn ,france1 & p>ticul>ly ,*ampagne1 :i* 0 ! seat ( comm]cial ex*ange betwe5 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,he 0 !re at ! v "t ( 8 son's bir?4 ,! "m1 pres5t+ ! *ild at ! font ( ,san ,ruf9o1#f _h him baptiz$ by ! "n ( ,john1 b ! fa!r on 8 return *ose to call him ,francis4#g ,_h he already det]m9$ on ! education he 0 to give ! *ild2 did he "n him ?us because he ev5 !n int5d$ to br+ him up aft] ! ,fr5* fa%ion1 to make a little ,fr5*man ( him8 ,x is by no means improbable4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 ! "n 0 only a sort ( grateful homage t5d]$ by ! ,assisan burgh] to 8 noble cli5ts beyond ! ,alps4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! *ild 0 taught to speak ,fr5*1 & always _h a special fondness = bo? ! language & ! c\ntry4#h ,^! facts ab\t ,b]n>done are ( real importance2 !y reveal ! influ5ces 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,francis grew up4 ,m]*ants1 inde$1 play a consid]able "p 9 ! religi\s movem5ts ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,_! call+ 9 "s s5se =c$ !m to become colport]s ( ideas4 ,:at else c\ld !y d1 on arriv+ 9 a c\ntry1 b answ] ^? :o ask$ = news8 ,& ! news mo/ eag]ly look$ = 0 religi\s news1 = m5's m9ds 7 turn$ ^u v diff]5t subjects !n f n[4 ,!y accommodat$ !mselves to ! popul> wi%1 obs]v+1 he>k5+ ev]y:]e1 keep+ eyes & e>s op51 glad to f9d any?+ to tell2 & little by little _m ( !m became active propag&i/s ( ideas conc]n+ :i* at fir/ !y _h be5 simply curi\s4 ,! importance ( ! "p ?us play$ by ! m]*ants z !y came & w5t1 ev]y:]e s[+ ! new ideas :i* !y _h ga!r$ up 9 _! travels1 has n be5 put 9 a cle> en\gh light2 !y 7 (t51 unconsci\sly & q involunt>ily1 ! c>ri]s ( ideas ( all k9ds1 especially ( h]esy & rebellion4 ,x 0 !y :o made ! success ( ! ,wald5ses1 ! ,albig5ses1 ! ,humiliati1 & _m o!r sects4 ,?us ,b]n>done1 )\t dream+ ( su* a ?+1 became ! artisan ( 8 son's religi\s vocation4 ,! tales :i* he br\ght home f 8 travels seem$ at fir/1 p]haps1 n to h ar\s$ ! *ild's att5tion1 b !y 7 l g]ms a long "t buri$1 :i* sudd5ly1 "u a w>m ray ( sunlight1 br+ =? unlook$-= fruit4 ,! boy's education 0 n c>ri$ v f>2#i ! s*ool 0 9 ^? days ov]%ad[$ by ! *ur*4 ,! prie/s ( ,san ,giorgio 7 8 tea*]s1#aj & taught him a little ,lat94 ,?is language 0 spok5 9 ,umbria until t[>d ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 e "o und]/ood x & spoke x a little2 x 0 /ill ! language ( s]mons & ( political delib]ations4#aa ,he le>n$ also to write1 b ) less success2 all ?r\gh 8 life we see him take up ! p5 only on r>e occasions1 & = b a few words4#ab ,! autograph ( ,sacro-,conv5to1 :i* appe>s to be entirely au!ntic1 %[s extreme awkw>dness2 9 g5]al he dictat$1 sign+ 8 lett]s by a simple ,greek3 tau1 ! symbol ( ! cross ( ,jesus4#ac ,t "p ( 8 education :i* 0 de/9$ to h mo/ influ5ce ^u 8 life 0 ! ,fr5* language1#ad :i* he p]haps spoke 9 8 own family4 ,x has be5 rightly said t to "k two languages is to h two s\ls2 9 le>n+ t ( ,france ! boy felt 8 he>t ?rill to ! melody ( its y\?ful poetry1 & 8 imag9ation 0 my/]i\sly /irr$ ) dreams ( imitat+ ! exploits ( ! ,fr5* cavali]s4 ,b let u n anticipate4 ,8 e>ly life 0 t ( o!r *ildr5 ( 8 age4 ,9 ! qu>t] ( ! t[n :]e 8 h\se is /ill %[n no vehicles are ev] se52 f morn+ till night ! n>r[ /reets are giv5 ov] to ! *ildr54 ,!y play !re 9 _m gr\ps1 frolick+ ) an exquisite *>m1 v diff]5t f ! little ,romans1 :o1 f ! "t !y are six or sev5 ye>s old1 sp5d h\rs at a "t squatt+ beh9d a pill>1 or 9 a corn] ( a wall or a ru91 to play dice or morra1 putt+ a passionate f]ocity ev5 into _! play4 ,9 ,umbria1 z 9 ,tuscany1 *ildr5 love above all ?+s games 9 :i* !y c make a p>ade2 to play at soldi]s or procession is ! supreme delight ( ,assisan *ildr54 ,?r\gh ! day !y keep to ! n>r[ /reets1 b t[>d ev5+ !y g1 s++ & danc+1 to "o ( ! op5 squ>es ( ! city4 ,^! squ>es are "o ( ! *>ms ( ,assisi4 ,e few paces an int]val occurs betwe5 ! h\ses look+ t[>d ! pla91 & y f9d a delightful t]race1 %ad$ by a few trees1 ! v place = enjoy+ ! sunset )\t los+ "o ( its spl5dors4 ,hi!r no d\bt came (t5 ! son ( ,b]n>done1 lead+ "o ( ^? f>&oles :i* y may see !re to ?is day3 f 8 v babyhood he 0 a pr9ce among ! *ildr54 ,?omas ( ,celano draws an appall+ picture ( ! education ( t day4 ,he describes p>5ts incit+ _! *ildr5 to vice1 & driv+ !m by ma9 =ce to wrong-do+4 ,francis respond$ only too quickly to ^! unhappy lessons4#ae ,8 fa!r's pr(ession & ! possibly noble orig9 ( 8 "m rais$ him almo/ to ! level ( ! titl$ families ( ! c\ntry2 money1 :i* he sp5t ) bo? h&s1 made him welcome among !m4 ,well pleas$ to enjoy !mselves at 8 exp5se1 ! "y nobles paid him a sort ( c\rt4 ,z to ,b]n>done1 he 0 too happy to see 8 son associat+ ) !m to be nigg>dly z to ! means4 ,he 0 mis]ly1 z ! c\rse ( ?is hi/ory w %[1 b 8 pride & self-conceit exce$$ 8 av>ice4 ,pica1 8 wife1 g5tle & mode/ creature1#af conc]n+ :om ! biograph]s h be5 only too laconic1 saw all ?is1 & m\rn$ ov] x 9 sil5ce1 b ?\gh weak z mo!rs are1 %e w\ld n despair ( h] son1 & :5 ! neighbors told h] ( ,francis's escapades1 %e w\ld calmly reply1 ,:at are y ?9k+ ab\t8 ,i am v sure t1 if x pleases ,god1 he w become a good ,*ri/ian4#ag ,! words 7 natural en\gh f a "m's lips1 b lat] on !y 7 held to h be5 truly prophetic4 ,h[ f> did ! "y man p]mit himself to be l$ on8 ,x w\ld be difficult to say4 ,! "q :i*1 z we are told1 torm5t$ ,bro!r ,leo1 c\ld only h sugge/$ itself to a diseas$ imag9ation4#ah ,?omas ( ,celano & ! ,?ree ,companions agree 9 pictur+ him z go+ to ! wor/ excesses4 ,lat] biograph]s speak ) m circumspection ( 8 worldly c>e]4 ,a too widely cr$it$ /ory ga!r$ f ,celano's n>rative 0 modifi$ by ! *apt]-g5]al ( #abfj1ai & ! frankness ( ! e>ly biograph]s 01 no d\bt1 "o ( ! causes :i* mo/ effectively contribut$ to _! def9itive condemnation ?ree ye>s lat]4#bj ,_! /atem5ts are 9 no s5se obscure2 accord+ to !m ! son ( ,b]n>done n only patt]n$ himself aft] ! "y m5 ( 8 age1 he made x a po9t ( honor to exce$ !m4 ,:at ) ecc5tricities1 buffoon]ies1 pranks1 prodigalities1 he end$ by a*iev+ a sort ( celebrity4 ,he 0 =ev] 9 ! /reets ) 8 companions1 compell+ att5tion by 8 extravagant or fanta/ic attire4 ,ev5 at night ! joy\s company kept up _! m]rymak+s1 caus+ ! t[n to r+ ) _! noisy songs4#ba ,at ?is v "t ! tr\bad\rs 7 roam+ ov] ! t[ns ( ,nor!rn ,italy#bb & br++ brilliant fe/ivities & especially ,c\rts ( ,love into vogue4 ,if !y work$ ^u ! passions1 !y also made appeal to feel+s ( c\rtesy & delicacy2 x 0 ?is t sav$ ,francis4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 excesses he 0 always ref9$ & consid]ate1 c>efully ab/a9+ f e base or indec5t utt]ance4#bc ,already 8 *ief aspiration 0 to rise above ! commonplace4 ,tortur$ ) ! desire = t :i* is f> (f & high1#bd he _h conceiv$ a sort ( passion = *ivalry1 & fancy+ t dissipation 0 "o ( ! di/+ui%+ features ( nobility1 he _h ?r[n himself into x ) all 8 s\l4 ,b he :o1 at tw5ty1 goes f pleasure to pleasure ) ! he>t n absolutely clos$ to good1 mu/ n[ & !n1 at "s turn+ ( ! road1 become aw>e t !re are hungry folk1 :o c\ld live a mon? on :at he sp5ds 9 a few h\rs on frivolity4 ,francis saw !m1 & ) 8 impressionable nature = ! mom5t =got ev]y?+ else4 ,9 ?\ght he put himself 9 _! place1 & x sometimes happ5$ t he gave !m all ! money he _h ab\t him & ev5 8 clo!s4 ,"o day he 0 busy ) "s cu/om]s 9 8 fa!r's %op1 :5 a man came 91 begg+ = *>ity 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,los+ 8 pati5ce ,francis %>ply turn$ him away2 b quickly reproa*+ himself = 8 h>%ness he ?\ght1 ,:at w\ld ,i n h done if ?is man _h ask$ some?+ ( me 9 ! "n ( a c\nt or a b>on8 ,:at ought ,i n to h done :5 he came 9 ! "n ( ,god8 ,i am no bett] ?an a cl[n6 ,leav+ 8 cu/om]s he ran aft] ! begg>4#be ,b]n>done _h be5 well pleas$ ) 8 son's comm]cial aptitude 9 ! e>ly days :5 ! "y man 0 fir/ 9 8 fa!r's employ4 ,francis 0 only too pr(ici5t 9 sp5d+ money2 he at lea/ knew well h[ to make x4#bf ,b ?is satisfaction did n la/ long4 ,francis's bad companions 7 ex]cis+ ov] him a mo/ p]nici\s influ5ce4 ,! "t came :5 he c\ld no long] endure to be sep>at$ f !m2 if he he>d _! call1 no?+ c\ld keep him1 he w\ld leave ev]y?+ & g aft] !m4#bg ,all ?is "t political ev5ts 7 hurry+ on 9 ,umbria & ,italy2 aft] a =midable /ruggle ! alli$ republics _h =c$ ! empire to recognize !m4 ,by ! immortal victory ( ,legnano 7,may #bi1 #aagf7 & ! ,peace ( ,con/ance 7,june #be1 #aahc7 ! ,lomb>d ,league _h wre/$ f ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa almo/ all ! pr]ogatives ( p[]2 little 0 left to ! emp]or b insignia & outw>d %[4 ,f "o end ( ! ,p59sula to ! o!r visions ( lib]ty 7 mak+ he>ts beat high4 ,= an in/ant x seem$ z if all ,italy 0 ab\t to rega9 consci\sness ( its unity1 0 ab\t to rise up z "o man & hurl ! =eign] f its bord]s2 b ! rivalries ( ! cities 7 too /rong = !m to see t local lib]ty )\t a common indep5d5ce is prec>i\s & illusory4 ,h5ry ,,vi41 ! successor ( ,b>b>ossa 7#aahc-aaif71 laid ,italy "u a yoke ( iron2 he might p]haps 9 ! end h assur$ ! dom9ation ( ! empire1 if 8 c>e] _h n be5 sudd5ly cut %ort by a premature dea?4 ,yet he _h n be5 able to put fett]s ^u ideas4 ,! communal movem5t :i* 0 %ak+ ! nor? ( ,france rev]b]at$ beyond ! ,alps4 ,al?\gh a city ( second rank1 ,assisi _h n be5 beh9d 9 ! great /ruggles = indep5d5ce4#bh ,%e _h be5 sev]ely *a/is$1 _h lo/ h] fran*ise1 & 0 oblig$ to submit to ,conrad ( ,suabia1 ,duke ( ,spoleto1 :o f ! heights ( 8 =tress kept h] 9 subjection4 ,b :5 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 asc5d$ ! pontifical ?rone 7,janu>y #h1 #aaii7 ! old duke knew himself to be lo/4 ,he made a t5d] to him ( money1 m51 8 fai? ev51 b ! pontiff refus$ !m all4 ,he _h no desire to appe> to favor ! ,t$es*i1 :o _h s odi\sly oppress$ ! c\ntry4 ,conrad ( ,suabia 0 =c$ to yield at m]cy1 & to g to ,n>ni to put 8 submission into ! h&s ( two c>d9als4 ,l ! practical folk t !y 71 ! ,assisans did n hesitate an in/ant4 ,no soon] 0 ! c\nt on ! road to ,n>ni ?an !y ru%$ to ! assault ( ! ca/le4 ,! arrival ( envoys *>g$ to take possession ( x z a pontifical doma9 by no means gave !m pause4 ,n "o /one ( x 0 left ^u ano!r4#bi ,!n1 ) incr$ible rapidity !y enclos$ _! city ) walls1 p>ts ( :i* are /ill /&+1 _! =midable ru9s a witness to ! zeal ) :i* ! :ole population labor$ on !m4 ,x is natural to ?9k t ,francis1 !n sev5te5 ye>s old1 0 "o ( ! mo/ gallant labor]s ( ^? glori\s days1 & x 0 p]haps !re t he ga9$ ! habit ( c>ry+ /ones & wield+ ! tr[el :i* 0 de/9$ to s]ve him s well a few ye>s lat]4 ,unhappily 8 fell[-citiz5s _h n ! s5se to pr(it by _! h>d-won lib]ty4 ,! l[] classes1 :o 9 ?is revolution _h become aw>e ( _! /r5g?1 det]m9$ to foll[ out ! victory by tak+ possession ( ! prop]ty ( ! nobles4 ,! latt] took refuge 9 _! =tifi$ h\ses 9 ! int]ior ( ! city1 or 9 _! ca/les 9 ! suburbs4 ,! t[nspeople burn$ d[n sev]al ( ! latt]1 :]eupon c\nts & b>ons made reque/ ( aid & succor f ! neighbor+ cities4 ,p]ugia 0 at ?is "t at ! apogee ( its p[]1#cj & _h already made _m ef=ts to r$uce ,assisi to submission4 ,x !re=e receiv$ ! fugitives ) alacrity1 & mak+ _! cause its own1 decl>$ w> ^u ,assisi4 ,?is 0 9 #abjb4 ,an enc\nt] took place 9 ! pla9 ab\t half way betwe5 ! two cities1 n f> f ,ponte ,san ,giovanni4 ,assisi 0 defeat$1 & ,francis1 :o 0 9 ! ranks1 0 made prison]4#ca ,! trea*]y ( ! nobles _h n be5 univ]sal2 a few _h f\ght ) ! p4 ,x 0 ) !m & n ) ! popolani t ,francis1 9 consid]ation ( ! nobility ( 8 mann]s1#cb pass$ ! "t ( 8 captivity1 :i* la/$ an entire ye>4 ,he greatly a/oni%$ 8 companions by 8 lightness ( he>t4 ,v (t5 !y ?\ght him almo/ crazy4 ,in/ead ( pass+ 8 "t 9 wail+ & curs+ he made plans = ! future1 ab\t :i* he 0 glad to talk to any "o :o came along4 ,to 8 fancy life 0 :at ! songs ( ! tr\bad\rs _h pa9t$ x2 he dream$ ( glori\s adv5tures1 & always end$ by say+3 ,y w see t "o day ,i %all be ador$ by ! :ole _w4#cc ,dur+ ^! long mon?s ,francis mu/ h be5 pretty rudely undeceiv$ ) respect to ^? nobles :om f af> he _h s he>tily admir$4 ,h[ev] t may be1 he reta9$ ) !m n only 8 frankness ( spee*1 b also 8 full fre$om ( action4 ,"o ( !m1 a knight1 _h always held alo( f ! o!rs1 out ( vanity & bad temp]4 ,francis1 f> f leav+ him to himself1 always %[$ him affection1 & f9ally _h ! joy ( reconcil+ him ) 8 fell[-captives4 ,a compromise 0 f9ally arriv$ at betwe5 ! c\nts & ! p ( ,assisi4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #abjc1 ! arbitrators designat$ by ! two p>ties ann\nc$ _! decision4 ,! commons ( ,assisi 7 to repair 9 a c]ta9 measure ! damage done to ! lords1 & ! latt] agre$1 on _! "p1 to make no fur!r alliances )\t au?orization ( ! commons4#cd ,rural s]fage 0 ma9ta9$1 :i* proves t ! revolution _h be5 direct$ by ! burgh]s1 & = _! own pr(it4 ,t5 ye>s m 7 n1 h[ev]1 to elapse be=e ! common p also w\ld succe$ 9 a*iev+ lib]ty4 ,9 ?is cause we %all aga9 see ,francis fight+ on ! side ( ! oppress$1 e>n+ ! title ( ,patri>* ( religi\s democracy :i* has be5 accord$ him by "o ( 8 compatriots4#ce ,! agreem5t be+ made ! prison]s deta9$ at ,p]ugia 7 releas$1 & ,francis return$ to ,assisi4 ,he 0 tw5ty-two ye>s old4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,elev5 hundr$ & "o metres above ! level ( ! sea2 ! pla9 ar\nd ,assisi has an av]age ( two hundr$1 & ! t[n ( two hundr$ & fifty1 metres above4 #b ,z 9 ! majority ( ,tuscan cities ! dim5sions ( ! h\ses 7 =m]ly fix$ by law4 #c ,! biographies say t he di$ 7,octob] #c1 #abbf7 9 8 =ty-fif? ye>4 ,b ! t]ms are n precise en\gh to make ! date #aaha improbable4 ,= t matt] ! "q is ( small importance4 ,a ,franciscan ( ,erfurt1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 fixes ! date at #aahb4 ,p]tz1 vol4 xxiv41 p4 #aic4 #d ,a numb] ( diff]5t g5ealogies h be5 fabricat$ = ,francis2 !y prove only "o ?+1 ! wreck ( ! ,franciscan idea4 ,h[ little !y und]/ood _! h]o1 :o ?\ght to magnify & glorify him by mak+ him spr+ f a noble family6 ,quae r]o1 says ,fa!r ,suysk51 ,s4 ,j41 de ejus g5tilitio insigni diss]it ,wadd+us1 non lubet mihi att+]e4 ,factis et virtutibus eluxit ,s4 ,franciscus non proavorum insignibus aut titulis1 quos nec desid]avit4 7,a4 ,,ss4 p4 #eeg;a47 ,x c\ld n be bett] said4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury a :ole cycle ( leg5ds _h ga!r$ ab\t 8 bir?4 ,x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise4 ,!y all gr[ out ( ! /ory t tells ( an old man :o comes knock+ at ! p>5ts' door1 begg+ !m to let him take ! infant 9 8 arms1 :5 he ann\nces t x w d great ?+s4 ,"u ?is =m ! episode c]ta9ly pres5ts no?+ impossible1 b v soon m>vell\s incid5ts beg9 to ga!r ar\nd ?is nucleus until x becomes unrecognizable4 ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa has pres]v$ x 9 almo/ its primitive =m4 ,con=m41 #bh;a #b4 ,francis c]ta9ly _h sev]al bro!rs #c ,soc41 #i4 ,mat] 444 quae cum prae cet]is filiis diligebat1 b !y h left no trace 9 hi/ory except ! incid5t relat$ f>!r on4 ,vide p4 #dd4 ,*ri/(ani publi%es sev]al (ficial pieces conc]n+ ,angelo1 ,/4 ,francis's bro!r1 & 8 desc5dants3 ,/orie d',assisi1 vol4 i41 p4 #gh ff4 ,9 ^! docum5ts ,angelo is call$ ,angelus ,pice1 & 8 son ,johannectus olim ,angeli dom9e ,pice1 appellations :i* might be cit$ 9 favor ( ! noble orig9 ( ,pica4 #e ,docum5t>y ,hi/ory ( ,langu$oc1 iii41 p4 #fjg4 #f ,! ,ca!dral ( ,assisi4 ,to ?is day all ! *ildr5 ( ! t[n are baptiz$ !re2 ! o!r *ur*es are )\t fonts4 #g #c ,soc41 #a2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #a4 ,vide also #c ,soc41 edition ( ,pes>o1 #ahca4 #h ,! langue d'oil 0 at ?is epo* ! int]national language ( ,europe2 9 ,italy x 0 ! language ( games & t\rneys1 & 0 spok5 9 ! petty pr9cely c\rts ( ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,vide ,dante1 ,de vulg>i eloquio1 lib4 ,i41 cap4 x4 ,brunetto ,lat9i wrote 9 ,fr5* because ! spee* ( ,france is m delectable & m common to all p4 ,at ! o!r end ( ,europe ! ,abbot ( ,/ade1 9 ,we/phalia1 spoke ( ! nobility ( ! ,gallic dialect4 ,ann4 #abbd apud ,p]tz1 ,script4 xvi4 ,we %all f9d ,/4 ,francis (t5 mak+ allusions to ! tales ( ! ,r\nd ,table & ! ,*anson de ,rol&4 #i ,we mu/ n be l$ a/ray by c]ta9 rem>ks ^u 8 ignorance1 f :i* "o might at fir/ conclude t he knew absolutely no?+2 = example1 #b ,cel41 #c1 #de3 ,quamvis homo i/e beatus nullis fu]it sci5tiae /udiis innutritus4 ,?is evid5tly ref]s to sci5ce su* z ! ,franciscans soon came to appreh5d x1 & to !ology 9 p>ticul>4 ,! close ( ! passage 9 ,celano is itself an evid5t pro( ( ?is4 #aj ,bon41 #bai2 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efj;a4 #a ,cel41 #bc4 #aa ,ozanam1 ,docum5ts in$its p\r s]vir a l'hi/oire litt]aire d',italie du ,v,i,i,ie au ,x,i,i,ie siecle4 ,p>is1 #ahea1 #hvo1 pp4 #fe1 #fh1 #ga1 #gc4 ,fauriel1 ,dante et les orig9es de la litt]ature itali5ne4 ,p>is1 #ahed1 #b vols41 #hvo1 ii41 p4 #ccb1 #cgi1 #dbi4 #ab ,v4 #c ,soc41 #ea & #fg2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aaj2 ,bon41 #ee2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ii2 ,eccl41 #f4 ,b]n>d de ,besse1 ,tur9 ,,ms41 fo4 #if;a1 calls ,bro!r ,leo ! secret>y ( ,/4 ,francis4 #ac ,see page #ceg1 n4 #h4 ,bon41 #ea & #cjh4 #ad #a ,cel41 #af2 #c ,soc41 #aj2 #bc2 #bd2 #cc2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #h2 #c1 #fg4 ,see also ! ,te/am5t ( ,/4 ,cl>a & ! ,speculum1 #aai;a4 #ae ,primum namque cum f>i vel balbutire incipiunt1 turpia qua$am et execrabilia valde signis et vocibus edoc5tur pu]i ii nondum nati3 et cum tempus ablactationis adv5]it qua$am luxu et lascivia pl5a non solum f>i s$ et op]>i coguntur4444 ,s$ et cum paulo plusculum aetate pr(ec]9t1 se ipsis impell5tibus1 semp] ad det]iora op]a dilabuntur4 #a ,cel41 #a4 #af #b ,cel41 #a4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #ad;a1 #a4 ,!re is no?+ impossible 9 h] hav+ be5 ( ,prov5cal orig91 b !re is no?+ to indicate x 9 any docum5t wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,%e 0 no d\bt ( noble /ock1 = (ficial docum5ts always give h] ! title ,dom9a4 ,cri/(ani ,i41 p4 #gh ff4 ,cf4 ,matrem hone/issimam habuit4 #c ,soc41 ,edition ( ,pes>o1 #ahca1 p4 #ag4 #ag ,! read+ giv5 by ! ,con=m41 #ad;a1 #a1 ,m]itorum gratia dei filium ipsum nov]itis affuturum1 seems bett] ?an t ( #b ,cel41 #a1 #a1 ,multorum gratia ,dei filiorum patrem ipsum nov]itis affuturum4 ,cf4 #c ,soc41 #b4 #ah ,b]n>do ( ,besse1 ,tur9 ,,ms41 #ajb b43 ,an integ] c>ne desid]ans 444 quod non extorsisset a ,sancto 444 m]uit obt9]e a ,deo quod virgo esset4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #baa;a1 #a1 & ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efj;f4 #ai ,9 illa antiphona quae incipit3 ,hic vir 9 vanitatibus nutritus insol5t]1 fiat talis mutatis3 ,div9is k>ismatibus prev5tus e/ clem5t]4 ,ar*iv41 vi41 p4 #ce4 #bj ,vide p4 #cie1 ! decision ( ! *apt] ( #abfc orda9+ ! de/ruction ( leg5ds e>li] ?an t ( ,bonav5tura4 #ba #a ,cel41 #a & #b2 #hi2 #c ,soc41 #b4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 #efj;c4 ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 ,spec4 hi/4 lib41 #bi1 cap4 #ig4 #bb ,pi]re ,vidal 0 at ! c\rt ( ,boniface1 ,m>quis ( ,montf]rat1 ab\t #aaie1 & lik$ 8 surr\nd+s s well t he desir$ to e/abli% himself !re4 ,k4 ,b>ts*1 ,pi]e ,vidal's ,li$]1 ,b]l91 #aheg1 n4 #da4 ,ern4 ,monaci1 ,te/i anti*i prov5zali1 ,rome1 #ahhi1 col4 #fg4 ,"o %\ld read ?is piece to h an idea ( ! f]vor ) :i* ?is poet %>$ ! hopes ( ,italy & desir$ its indep5d5ce4 ,?is political note is f\nd aga9 9 a t5zon ( ,manfr$ ,,ii4 ,lancia1 address$ to ,pi]re ,vidal4 7,v4 ,monaci1 loc4 cit41 col4 #fh47--;,gaucelme ,faidit 0 also at ?is c\rt z well z ,raimbaud ( ,vacqueyras 7#aahj-abjg74--;,folquet de ,romans pass$ ne>ly all 8 life 9 ,italy4 ,b]n>d ( ,v5tad\r 7#aade-aaie71 ,peirol ( ,auv]gne 7#aahj-abbj71 & _m o!rs abode !re a long] or %ort] "t4 ,v soon ! ,italians began to s+ 9 ,prov5cal1 among o!rs ?is ,manfr$ ,lancia1 & ,alb]t ,m>quis ( ,malasp9a 7#aafb-abaj71 ,pietro della ,c>avana1 :o 9 #aaif /irr$ up ! ,lomb>d t[ns aga9/ ,h5ry ,,vi41 ,pietro della ,mula1 :o ab\t #abjj 0 at ! c\rt ( ,cortemiglia4 ,fragm5ts f ^! poets may be f\nd 9 ,monaci1 op4 cit41 col4 #fi ff4 #bc ,soc41 #c2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #a4 #bd ,cum esset gloriosus animo et nollet aliquem se praecell]e1 ,giord4 #bj4 #be #a ,cel41 #ag2 #c ,soc41 #c2 ,bon41 #g4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efb4 #bf #a ,cel41 #b2 ,bon41 #f2 ,vit4 sec4 apud1 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efj4 #bg #c ,soc41 #i4 #bh ,9 #aagd ,assisi 0 tak5 by ! *ancellor ( ! empire1 ,*ri/ian1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce4 ,a4 ,cri/(ani1 i41 p4 #fi4 #bi ,all ^! ev5ts are relat$ 9 ! ,ge/a ,innoc5tii ,,iii4 ab auctore coaetaneo1 edit$ by ,baluze3 ,migne1 ,inn4 op41 vol4 i41 col4 xxiv4 ,see especially ! lett] ( ,innoc5t1 ,rectoribus ,tusciae3 ,mir>i cogimur1 ( ,april #af1 #aaih4 ,migne1 vol4 i41 col4 #ge-gg4 ,pot?a/1 ,no4 #hb4 #cj ,see ,luigi ,bonazzi1 ,/oria di ,p]ugia1 #b vols41 #hvo4 ,p]ugia1 #ahge-ahgi vol4 i41 cap4 v41 pp4 #beg-cbb4 #ca #c ,soc41 #d2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #a4 ,cri/(ani1 op4 cit41 i41 p4 #hh ff42 ,bonazzi1 op4 cit41 p4 #beg4 #cb #c ,soc41 #d4 #cc #c ,soc41 #d2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #a4 #cd ,see ?is arbitration 9 ,cri/(ani1 op4 cit41 p4 #ic ff4 #ce ,cri/(ani1 loc4 cit41 p4 #gj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,/ages ,,( ,,conv]sion ,spr+ #abjd-,spr+ #abjf ,on 8 return to ,assisi ,francis at once resum$ 8 =m] mode ( life2 p]haps he ev5 tri$ 9 "s degree to make up = lo/ "t4 ,fetes1 games1 fe/ivals1 & dissipations began aga94 ,he did 8 "p 9 !m s well t he soon fell gravely ill4#a ,= long weeks he look$ dea? s closely 9 ! face t ! physical crisis br\ght ab\t a moral "o4 ,?omas ( ,celano has pres]v$ = u an incid5t ( ,francis's convalesc5ce4 ,he 0 rega9+ /r5g? little by little & _h begun to g ab\t ! h\se1 :5 "o day he felt a desire to walk abroad1 to contemplate nature quietly1 & s take hold aga9 ( life4 ,lean+ on a /ick he b5t 8 /eps t[>d ! city gate4 ,! ne>e/ "o1 call$ ,porta ,nuova1 is ! v "o :i* op5s ^u ! f9e/ sc5]y4 ,imm$iately on pass+ ?r\gh x "o f9ds "o's self 9 ! op5 c\ntry2 a fold ( ! hill hides ! city1 & cuts (f e s\nd t might come f x4 ,be=e y lies ! w9d+ road to ,foligno2 at ! left ! impos+ mass ( ,m\nt ,subasio2 at ! "r ! ,umbrian pla9 ) its f>ms1 its villages1 its cl\d-l hills1 on ^: slopes p9es1 c$>s1 oaks1 ! v9e1 & ! olive-tree %$ abroad an incomp>able brightness & animation4 ,! :ole c\ntry sp>kles ) beauty1 a beauty h>moni\s & ?or\ghly human1 t is1 made to ! measure ( man4 ,francis _h hop$ by ?is sight to recov] ! delici\s s5sations ( 8 y\?4 ,) ! %>p5$ s5sibility ( ! convalesc5t he brea!d 9 ! odors ( ! spr+-"t1 b spr+-"t did n come1 z he _h expect$1 to 8 he>t4 ,?is smil+ nature _h = him only a message ( sadness4 ,he _h believ$ t ! breezes ( ?is belov$ c\ntry-side w\ld c>ry away ! la/ %udd]s ( ! fev]1 & in/ead he felt 9 8 he>t a disc\ragem5t a ?\s&-fold m pa9ful ?an any physical ill4 ,! mis]able empt9ess ( 8 life sudd5ly appe>$ be=e him2 he 0 t]rifi$ at 8 solitude1 ! solitude ( a great s\l 9 :i* !re is no alt>4 ,memories ( ! pa/ assail$ him ) intol]able bitt]ness2 he 0 seiz$ ) a disgu/ ( himself1 8 =m] ambitions seem$ to him ridicul\s or despicable4 ,he w5t home ov]:elm$ ) ! weight ( a new suff]+4 ,9 su* h\rs ( moral angui% man seeks a refuge ei!r 9 love or 9 fai?4 ,unhappily ! family & fri5ds ( ,francis 7 incapable ( und]/&+ him4 ,z to religion1 x 0 = him1 z = ! great] numb] ( 8 contempor>ies1 t crass feti*ism ) ,*ri/ian t]m9ology :i* is f> f hav+ entirely disappe>$4 ,) c]ta9 m51 9 fact1 piety consi/s 9 mak+ "o's self "r ) a k+ m p[]ful ?an any o!r1 b also m sev]e & caprici\s1 :o is call$ ,god4 ,"o proves "o's loyalty to him z to o!r sov]eigns1 by putt+ 8 image m or less ev]y:]e1 & punctually pay+ ! impo/s levi$ by 8 m9i/]s4 ,if y are /+y1 if y *eat1 y run ! risk ( be+ sev]ely *a/is$1 b !re are c\rti]s ar\nd ! k+ :o will+ly r5d] s]vices4 ,= a reasonable recomp5se !y w seize a favorable mom5t to adroitly make away ) ! s5t5ce ( y\r condemnation or to slip be=e ! pr9ce a =m ( pl5>y absolution :i* 9 a mom5t ( good humor he w sign )\t look+ at x4#b ,su* 0 ! religi\s basis ^u :i* ,francis _h liv$ up to ?is "t4 ,he did n s mu* z dream ( seek+ ! spiritual balm :i* he ne$$ = ! heal+ ( 8 w\nds4 ,by a holy viol5ce he 0 to arrive at la/ at a pure & virile fai?2 b ! road to ?is po9t is long1 & s[n ?ick ) ob/acles1 & at ! mom5t at :i* we h arriv$ he _h n yet ent]$ ^u x1 he did n ev5 suspect its exi/5ce2 all he knew 0 t pleasure leads to no?+ness1 to satiety & self-contempt4 ,he knew ?is1 & yet he 0 ab\t to ?r[ himself once m into a life ( pleasure4 ,! body is s weak1 s prone to return to ! old pa?s1 t x seeks !m ( itself1 ! mom5t an en]getic w does n /op x4 ,?\gh no long] "u any illusion ) respect to x1 ,francis return$ to 8 =m] life4 ,0 he try+ to div]t 8 m9d1 to =get t day ( bitt] ?\ght8 ,we might suppose s1 see+ ! ardor ) :i* he ?rew himself into 8 new projects4#c ,an opportunity (f]$ itself = him to realize 8 dreams ( glory4 ,a knight ( ,assisi1 p]haps "o ( ^? :o _h be5 9 captivity ) him at ,p]ugia1 0 prep>+ to g to ,apulia "u ord]s f ,c\nt ,g5tile4#d ,! latt] 0 to jo9 ,gaulti] de ,bri5ne1 :o 0 9 ! s\? ( ,italy fight+ on ! side ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,gaulti]'s r5[n 0 imm5se all ?r\gh ! ,p59sula2 he 0 held to be "o ( ! mo/ gallant knights ( ! "t4 ,francis's he>t b\nd$ ) joy2 x seem$ to him t at ! side ( su* a h]o he %\ld soon cov] himself ) glory4 ,8 dep>ture 0 decid$ ^u1 & he gave himself up1 )\t res]ve1 to 8 joy4 ,he made 8 prep>ations ) o/5tati\s prodigality4 ,8 equipm5t1 ( a pr9cely luxury1 soon became ! univ]sal subject ( conv]sation4 ,x 0 all ! m talk$ ab\t because ! *ief ( ! exp$ition1 ru9$ p]haps by ! revolution ( #abjb or by ! exp5ses ( a long captivity1 0 con/ra9$ to ord] ?+s mu* m mode/ly4#e ,b ) ,francis k9dl9ess 0 mu* /rong] ?an love ( display4 ,he gave 8 sumptu\s clo?+ to a poor knight4 ,! biographies d n say :e!r or n x 0 to ! v "o :om he 0 to accompany4#f ,to see him runn+ hi!r & ?i!r 9 all ! bu/le ( prep>ation "o w\ld h ?\ght him ! son ( a great "l4 ,8 companions 7 d\btless n sl[ to feel *af$ by 8 ways & to promise !mselves to make him cruelly expiate !m4 ,z = him1 he p]ceiv$ no?+ ( ! jeal\sies :i* he 0 excit+1 & night & day he ?\ght only ( 8 future glory4 ,9 8 dreams he seem$ to see 8 p>5ts' h\se completely trans=m$4 ,in/ead ( bales ( clo? he saw !re only gleam+ buckl]s hang+ on ! walls1 & arms ( all k9ds z 9 a seignorial ca/le4 ,he saw himself !re1 beside a noble & beautiful bride1 & he nev] suspect$ t 9 ?is vision !re 0 any presage ( ! future :i* 0 res]v$ = him4 ,nev] _h any "o se5 him s communicative1 s radiant2 & :5 he 0 ask$ = ! hundr$? "t :5ce came all ?is joy1 he w\ld reply ) surpris+ assurance3 ,i "k t ,i %all become a great pr9ce4#g ,! day ( dep>ture arriv$ at la/4 ,francis on horseback1 ! little buckl] ( a page on 8 arm1 bade adieu to 8 natal city ) joy1 & ) ! little troop took ! road to ,spoleto :i* w9ds ar\nd ! base ( ,m\nt ,subasio4 ,:at happ5$ next8 ,! docum5ts d n say4 ,!y conf9e !mselves to report+ t t v ev5+ ,francis _h a vision :i* decid$ him to return to ,assisi4#h ,p]haps x w\ld n be f> f ! tru? to conjecture t once fairly on ! way ! "y nobles took _! rev5ge on ! son ( ,b]n>done = 8 airs z ( a future pr9ce4 ,at tw5ty ye>s "o h>dly p>dons ?+s l ^!4 ,if1 z we are (t5 assur$1 !re is a pleasure unsuspect$ by ! pr(ane 9 gett+ ev5 ) a /rang]1 x mu/ be an almo/ div9e delight to get ev5 ) a "y coxcomb ^u :om "o has to ex]cise s righte\s a v5geance4 ,arriv+ at ,spoleto1 ,francis took to 8 b$4 ,a fev] 0 consum+ him2 9 a few h\rs he _h se5 all 8 dreams crumble away4 ,! v next day he took ! road back to ,assisi4#i ,s unexpect$ a return made a great /ir 9 ! little city1 & 0 a cruel bl[ to 8 p>5ts4 ,z = him1 he d\bl$ 8 *>ities to ! poor1 & s\ght to keep alo( f society1 b 8 old companions came flock+ ab\t him f all qu>t]s1 hop+ to f9d 9 him once m ! tireless purveyor ( _! idle wants4 ,he let !m h _! way4 ,nev]!less a great *ange _h tak5 place 9 him4 ,nei!r pleasures nor "w c\ld long hold him2 he sp5t a portion ( 8 days 9 long c\ntry rambles1 (t5 accompani$ by a fri5d mo/ diff]5t f ^? :om until n[ we h se5 ab\t him4 ,! "n ( ?is fri5d is n kn[n1 b f c]ta9 indications "o is incl9$ to believe t he 0 ,bomb>one da ,beviglia1 ! future ,bro!r ,elias4#aj ,francis n[ w5t back to 8 reflections at ! "t ( 8 recov]y1 b ) less ( bitt]ness4 ,8 own he>t & 8 fri5d agre$ 9 say+ to him t x is possible no long] to tru/ ei!r 9 pleasure or 9 glory & yet to f9d wor?y causes to :i* to consecrate "o's life4 ,x is at ?is mom5t t religi\s ?\ght seems to h awak$ 9 him4 ,f ! mom5t t he saw ?is new way ( life 8 desire to run 9 x _h all ! fi]y impetuosity :i* he put into all 8 actions4 ,he 0 cont9ually call+ ^u 8 fri5d & lead+ him ap>t into ! mo/ seque/]$ pa?s4 ,b int5se conflicts are indescribable4 ,we /ruggle1 we suff] alone4 ,x is ! nocturnal wre/l+ ( ,be!l1 my/]i\s & solit>y4 ,! s\l ( ,francis 0 great en\gh to endure ?is tragic duel4 ,8 fri5d _h m>vell\sly und]/ood 8 "p 9 ?is conte/4 ,he gave a few r>e c\nsels1 b mu* ( ! "t he cont5t$ himself ) manife/+ 8 solicitude by foll[+ ,francis ev]y:]e & nev] ask+ to "k m ?an he c\ld tell him4 ,(t5 ,francis direct$ 8 /eps to a grotto 9 ! c\ntry ne> ,assisi1 :i* he ent]$ alone4 ,?is rocky cave conceal$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! olive trees became = fai?ful ,franciscans t :i* ,ge?semane is = ,*ri/ians4 ,"h ,francis reliev$ 8 ov]*>g$ he>t by heavy groans4 ,sometimes1 seiz$ ) a real horror = ! disord]s ( 8 y\?1 he w\ld implore m]cy1 b ! great] "p ( ! "t 8 face 0 turn$ t[>d ! future2 fev]i%ly he s\ght = t high] tru? to :i* he long$ to d$icate himself1 t pe>l ( great price ( :i* ! gospel speaks3 ,:osoev] seeks1 f9ds2 he :o asks1 receives2 & to him :o knocks1 x %all be op5$4 ,:5 he came out aft] long h\rs ( seclusion ! pallor ( 8 c\nt5ance1 ! pa9ful t5sion ( 8 features told pla9ly en\gh ( ! int5sity ( 8 ask+ & ! viol5ce ( 8 knocks4#aa ,! inw>d man1 to borr[ ! language ( ! my/ics1 0 n yet =m$ 9 him1 b x ne$$ only ! occasion to br+ ab\t ! f9al break ) ! pa/4 ,! occasion soon pres5t$ itself4 ,8 fri5ds 7 mak+ cont9ual ef=ts to induce him to take up 8 old habits aga94 ,"o day he invit$ !m all to a sumptu\s banquet4 ,!y ?\ght !y _h conqu]$1 & z 9 old times !y proclaim$ him k+ ( ! revels4 ,! fea/ 0 prolong$ f> into ! night1 & at its close ! gue/s ru%$ out into ! /reets1 :i* !y fill$ ) song & upro>4 ,sudd5ly !y p]ceiv$ t ,francis 0 no long] ) !m4 ,aft] long se>*+ !y at la/ discov]$ him f> beh9d !m1 /ill hold+ 9 8 h& 8 sceptre ( k+ ( misrule1 b plung$ 9 s pr(\nd a rev]y t he seem$ to be rivet$ to ! gr\nd & unconsci\s ( all t 0 go+ on4 ,:at is ! matt] ) y8 !y cri$1 bu/l+ ab\t him z if to awak5 him4 ,don't y see t he is ?9k+ ( tak+ a wife8 said "o4 ,yes1 answ]$ ,francis1 ar\s+ himself & look+ at !m ) a smile :i* !y did n recognize4 ,i am ?9k+ ( tak+ a wife m beautiful1 m ri*1 m pure ?an y c\ld ev] imag9e4#ab ,?is reply m>ks a decisive /age 9 8 inn] life4 ,by x he cut ! la/ l9ks :i* b\nd him to trivial pleasures4 ,x rema9s = u to see ?r\gh :at /ruggles he 0 to give himself to ,god1 aft] hav+ torn himself free f ! _w4 ,8 fri5ds probably und]/ood no?+ ( all t _h tak5 place1 b he _h become aw>e ( ! abyss t 0 op5+ betwe5 !m & him4 ,!y soon accept$ ! situation4 ,z = himself1 no long] hav+ any reason = caution1 he gave himself up m ?an ev] to 8 passion = solitude4 ,if he (t5 wept ov] 8 pa/ dissipations & wond]$ h[ he c\ld h liv$ s long )\t ta/+ ! bitt]ness ( ! dregs ( ! en*ant$ cup1 he nev] all[$ himself to be ov]:elm$ ) va9 regrets4 ,! poor _h rema9$ fai?ful to him4 ,!y gave him an admiration ( :i* he knew himself to be unwor?y1 yet :i* _h = him an inf9ite sweetness4 ,! future grew bright to him 9 ! light ( _! gratitude1 ( ! timid1 trembl+ affection :i* !y d>$ n utt] b :i* 8 he>t reveal$ to him2 ?is wor%ip :i* he does n des]ve to-day he w des]ve to-morr[1 at lea/ he promises himself to d all he c to des]ve x4 ,to und]/& ^! feel+s "o mu/ und]/& ! condition ( ! poor ( a place l ,assisi4 ,9 an agricultural c\ntry pov]ty does n1 z else:]e1 almo/ inevitably involve moral de/itution1 t deg5]ation ( ! entire human be+ :i* r5d]s *>ity s difficult4 ,mo/ ( ! poor p]sons :om ,francis knew 7 9 /raits because ( w>1 ( bad h>ve/s1 or ( illness4 ,9 su* cases mat]ial succor is b a small "p4 ,sympa?y is ! ?+ ne$$ above all4 ,francis _h treasures ( x to lavi% ^u !m4 ,he 0 well requit$4 ,all sorr[s are si/]s2 a secret intellig5ce e/abli%es itself betwe5 tr\bl$ he>ts1 h[ev] div]se _! griefs4 ,! poor p felt t _! fri5d also suff]$2 !y did n precisely "k ) :at1 b !y =got _! own sorr[s 9 pity+ _! b5efactor4 ,suff]+ is ! true cem5t ( love4 ,= m5 to love ea* o!r truly1 !y mu/ h %$ te>s toge!r4 ,z yet no influ5ce /rictly ecclesia/ic _h be5 felt by ,francis4 ,d\btless !re 0 9 8 he>t t leav5 ( ,*ri/ian fai? :i* ent]s "o's be+ )\t 8 be+ aw>e2 b ! int]ior trans=mation :i* 0 go+ on 9 him 0 z yet ! fruit ( 8 own intuition4 ,?is p]iod 0 draw+ to a close4 ,8 ?\ght 0 soon to f9d expression1 & by t v act to receive ! /amp ( ext]nal circum/ances4 ,*ri/ian in/ruction w give a precise =m to ideas ( :i* z yet he has b vague glimpses1 b he w f9d 9 ?is =m a frame 9 :i* 8 ?\ght w p]haps lose some?+ ( its orig9ality & vigor2 ! new w9e w be put into old w9e-sk9s4 ,by degrees he 0 becom+ calm1 0 f9d+ 9 ! contemplation ( nature joys :i* up to ?is "t he _h sipp$ b ha/ily1 almo/ unconsci\sly1 & ( :i* he 0 n[ le>n+ to reli% ! flavor4 ,he drew f !m n simply soo?+2 9 8 he>t he felt new compassions spr++ into life1 & ) ^! ! desire to act1 to give himself1 to cry al\d to ^! cities p]*$ ^u ! hill-tops1 ?reat5+ z w>riors :o eye "o ano!r be=e ! fray1 t !y %\ld be reconcil$ & love "o ano!r4 ,c]ta9ly1 at ?is "t ,francis _h no glimpse ( :at he 0 "s "t to become2 b ^! h\rs are p]haps ! mo/ important 9 ! evolution ( 8 ?\ght2 x is to !m t 8 life owes t air ( lib]ty1 t p]fume ( ! fields :i* make x z diff]5t f ! piety ( ! sacri/y z f t ( ! draw+-room4 ,ab\t ?is "t he made a pilgrimage to ,rome1 :e!r to ask c\nsel ( 8 fri5ds1 :e!r z a p5ance impos$ by 8 confessor1 or f a m]e impulse1 no "o kn[s4 ,p]haps he ?\ght t 9 a visit to ! ,holy ,apo/les1 z p said !n1 he %\ld f9d ! answ]s to all ! que/ions :i* he 0 ask+ himself4 ,at any rate he w5t4 ,x is h>dly probable t he receiv$ f ! visit any religi\s influ5ce1 = 8 biograph]s relate ! pa9$ surprise :i* he exp]i5c$ :5 he saw 9 ,sa9t ,pet]'s h[ meagre 7 ! (f]+s ( pilgrims4 ,he want$ to give ev]y?+ to ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les1 & empty+ 8 purse he ?rew its entire cont5ts ^u ! tomb4 ,?is j\rney 0 m>k$ by a m important incid5t4 ,_m a "t :5 succor+ ! poor he _h ask$ himself if he himself 0 able to endure pov]ty2 no "o kn[s ! weight ( a burd5 until he has c>ri$ x1 at lea/ = a mom5t1 ^u 8 own %\ld]s4 ,he desir$ to "k :at x is l to h no?+1 & to dep5d = bread ^u ! *>ity or ! caprice ( ! pass] by4#ac ,!re 7 sw>ms ( begg>s cr[d+ ! ,piazza be=e ! great basilica4 ,he borr[$ ! rags ( "o ( !m1 l5d+ him 8 g>m5t 9 ex*ange1 & a :ole day he /ood !re1 fa/+1 ) out/ret*$ h&4 ,! act 0 a great victory1 ! triumph ( compassion ov] natural pride4 ,return+ to ,assisi1 he d\bl$ 8 k9dnesses to ^? ( :om he _h truly ! "r to call himself ! bro!r4 ,) su* s5tim5ts he c\ld n long escape ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on all ! roadsides 9 ! environs ( ! city !re 7 !n1 z n[1 num]\s *apels4 ,v (t5 he mu/ h he>d mass 9 ^! ru/ic sanctu>ies1 alone ) ! celebrant4 ,recogniz+ ! t5d5cy ( simple natures to br+ home to !mselves ev]y?+ t !y he>1 x is easy to und]/& 8 emotion & agitation :5 ! prie/1 turn+ t[>d him1 w\ld read ! gospel = ! day4 ,! ,*ri/ian ideal 0 reveal$ to him1 br++ an answ] to 8 secret anxieties4 ,& :51 a few mom5ts lat]1 he w\ld plunge into ! =e/1 all 8 ?\ghts w\ld be ) ! poor c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?1 :o plac$ himself 9 8 pa?1 say+ to him1 ev5 to him1 ,foll[ ?\ me4 ,ne>ly two ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! day :5 he felt ! fir/ %ock2 a life ( r5unciation appe>$ to him z ! goal ( 8 ef=ts1 b he felt t 8 spiritual novitiate 0 n yet end$4 ,he sudd5ly exp]i5c$ a bitt] assurance ( ! fact4 ,he 0 rid+ on horseback "o day1 8 m9d m ?an ev] possess$ ) ! desire to lead a life ( absolute devotion1 :5 at a turn ( ! road he f\nd himself face to face ) a lep]4 ,! frightful malady _h always inspir$ 9 him an inv9cible repulsion4 ,he c\ld n control a movem5t ( horror1 & by in/9ct he turn$ 8 horse 9 ano!r direction4 ,if ! %ock _h be5 sev]e1 ! defeat 0 complete4 ,he reproa*$ himself bitt]ly4 ,to *]i% su* f9e projects & %[ himself s c[>dly6 ,0 ! knight ( ,*ri/ !n go+ to give up 8 arms8 ,he retrac$ 8 /eps & spr++ f 8 horse he gave to ! a/\nd$ suff]] all ! money t he _h2 !n kiss$ 8 h& z he w\ld h done to a prie/4#ad ,?is new victory1 z he himself saw1 m>k$ an era 9 8 spiritual life4#ae ,x is f> inde$ f hatr$ ( evil to love ( good4 ,^? are m num]\s ?an we ?9k :o1 aft] sev]e exp]i5ce1 h r5\nc$ :at ! anci5t liturgies call ! _w1 ) its pomps & lu/s2 b ! great] numb] ( !m h n at ! bottom ( _! he>ts ! smalle/ gra9 ( pure love4 ,9 vulg> s\ls disillusion leaves only a frightful egoism4 ,?is victory ( ,francis _h be5 s sudd5 t he desir$ to complete x2 a few days lat] he w5t to ! laz>etto4#af ,"o c imag9e ! /upefaction ( ^! wret*es at ! entrance ( ! brilliant cavali]4 ,if 9 our days a visit to ! sick 9 our hospitals is a real ev5t await$ ) fev]i% impati5ce1 :at mu/ n h be5 ! appe>ance ( ,francis among ^! poor recluses8 ,"o mu/ h se5 suff]]s ?us ab&on$1 to und]/& :at joy may be giv5 by an affectionate ^w1 sometimes ev5 a simple glance4 ,mov$ & transport$1 ,francis felt 8 :ole be+ vibrate ) unfamili> s5sations4 ,= ! fir/ "t he he>d ! unspeakable acc5ts ( a gratitude :i* _c f9d words burn+ en\gh to express itself1 :i* admires & adores ! b5efactor almo/ l an angel f heav54 ,,footnotes3 #a #a ,cel41 #c2 cf4 ,bon41 #h1 & ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efc;c4 #b ,x is en\gh to h liv$ 9 ! c\ntry ( ,naples to "k t !re is no?+ exagg]at$ 9 ?is picture4 ,i am mu* surpris$ t intellig5t & good m5 fancy t to *ange ! religi\s =mula ( ^! p w\ld suffice to trans=m !m4 ,:at a mi/ake6 ,to-day1 z 9 ! "t ( ,jesus1 ! important matt] is n to adore on ,m\nt ,moriah or ,m\nt ,zion1 b to adore 9 _s & 9 tru?4 #c #a ,cel41 #c & #d4 #d #c ,soc41 #e4 ,9 ! exi/+ /ate ( ! docum5ts x is impossible to "k :om ?is "n designates1 = at t "t x 0 borne by a numb] ( c\nts :o are only to be di/+ui%$ by ! names ( _! ca/les4 ,! ?ree foll[+ are possible3 #a4 ,g5tile comes de ,campilio1 :o 9 #abae paid homage = 8 prop]ty to ! commune ( ,orvieto3 ,le anti*e crona*e di ,orvieto1 ,ar*4 /or4 ital41 #e? s]ies41 #ahhi1 iii41 p4 #dg4 #b4 ,g5tilis comes filius ,alb]ici1 :o ) o!rs _h made donation ( a mona/]y to ! ,bi%op ( ,foligno3 ,confirmatory ,bull ,9 em95ti ( ,april #aj1 #abaj3 ,ughelli1 ,italia ,sacra1 #a1 p4 #fig2 ,pot?a/1 #cigd4 #c4 ,g5tilis comes ,manupelli2 :om we f9d 9 ,july1 #abjj1 assur+ to ,pal]mo ! victory ov] ! troops s5t by ,innoc5t ,,iii4 aga9/ ,m>ckwald2 ,huill>d-,breholles1 ,hi/4 dipl41 i4 p41 #df ff4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #aabf4 ,ge/a ,innoc5ti1 ,migne1 vol4 i41 xxxii1 ff4 ,cf4 ,huill>d-,breholles1 loc4 cit41 pages #fj1 #hd1 #hi1 #aja4 ,x is wrong to consid] t ,g5tile c\ld "h be a m]e adjective2 ! #c ,soc4 say ,g5tile nom9e4 #e #a ,cel41 #d2 #c ,soc41 #e4 #f #c ,soc41 #f2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #b2 ,bon41 #h4 #g #a ,cel41 #e2 #c ,soc41 #e2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #b2 ,bon41 #i4 #h #c ,soc41 #f2 ,bon41 #i2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #b4 #i #c ,soc41 #f2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #b4 #aj ,^! days are recall$ by ,celano ) a v p>ticul> precision4 ,x is v improbable t ,francis1 usually s res]v$ z to 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce1 %\ld h told him ab\t !m 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #fh & #db1 cf4 ,bon41 #add74 ,on ! o!r h&1 no?+ =bids 8 hav+ be5 in=m$ on ?is matt] by ,bro!r ,elias4 7,i /rongly suspect ! leg5d :i* tells ( an old man appe>+ on ! day ,francis 0 born & begg+ p]mission to take ! *ild 9 8 arms1 say+1 ,to-day1 two infants 7 born--?is "o1 :o w be among ! be/ ( m51 & ano!r1 :o w be among ! wor/--( hav+ be5 inv5t$ by ! zelanti aga9/ ,bro!r ,elias4 ,x is evid5t t su* a /ory is aim$ at "s "o4 ,:om1 if n him :o 0 aft]w>d to appe> z ! ,anti-,francis87 ,we h suffici5t details ab\t ! elev5 fir/ disciples to "k t none ( !m is "h 9 "q4 ,!re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ! fact t ,elias does n appe> 9 ! e>lie/ ye>s ( ! ,ord] 7#abji-abab71 because aft] hav+ practis$ at ,assisi 8 d\ble call+ ( s*oolma/] & c>riage-trimm] 7suebat cultras et docebat pu]ulos psalt]ium leg]e1 ,salimb5e1 p4 #djb7 he 0 scriptor at ,bologna 7,eccl41 #ac74 ,& f ! psy*ological po9t ( view ?is hypo!sis w\ld admirably expla9 ! asc5d5cy :i* ,elias 0 de/9$ always to ex]cise ov] 8 ma/]4 ,/ill x rema9s difficult to und]/& :y ,celano did n "n ,elias "h1 b ! passage1 #a ,cel41 #f1 diff]s 9 ! diff]5t manuscripts 7cf4 ,a4 ,,ss4 & ,amoni's edition1 p4 #ad7 & may h be5 ret\*$ aft] ! latt]'s fall4 ,beviglia is a simple f>m ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r nor?we/ ( ,assisi1 almo/ half way to ,petrignano4 ,half an h\r f ,assisi 9 ! direction ( ,beviglia is a grotto1 :i* may v well be t ( :i* we are ab\t to speak4 #aa #a ,cel41 #f2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #e2 #c ,soc41 #h1 #ab2 ,bon41 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 #ab #c ,soc41 #g2 #a ,cel41 #g2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #c2 #c ,soc41 #ac4 #ac #c ,soc41 #h-aj2 ,bon41 #ac1 #ad2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #d4 #ad ,to ?is day 9 ! c5tre & s\? ( ,italy !y kiss ! h& ( prie/s & monks4 #ae ,see ! ,w4 ,cf4 #c ,soc41 #aa2 #a ,cel41 #ag2 ,bon41 #aa2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eff4 #af #c ,soc41 #aa2 ,bon41 #ac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,ab\t #abji ,/4 ,francis 0 inspir$ z mu* z any man may be1 b x w\ld be a palpable error to /udy him ap>t f 8 age & f ! conditions 9 :i* he liv$4 ,we "k t he desir$ & believ$ 8 life to be an imitation ( ,jesus1 b :at we "k ab\t ! ,*ri/ is 9 fact s little1 t ,/4 ,francis's life loses none ( its /rang5ess = t4 ,8 conviction t he 0 b an imitator pres]v$ him f all temptation to pride1 & enabl$ him to proclaim 8 views ) incomp>able vigor1 )\t seem+ 9 ! lea/ to be prea*+ himself4 ,we mu/ !re=e nei!r isolate him f ext]nal influ5ces nor %[ him too dep5d5t on !m4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 life at :i* we are n[ arriv$1 #abje-abjf1 ! religi\s situation ( ,italy mu/ m ?an at any o!r "t h influ5c$ 8 ?\ght & urg$ him into ! pa? :i* he f9ally ent]$4 ,! morals ( ! cl]gy 7 z corrupt z ev]1 r5d]+ any s]i\s re=m impossible4 ,if "s among ! h]esies ( ! "t 7 pure & )\t reproa*1 _m 7 trivial & impure4 ,"h & !re a few voices 7 rais$ 9 prote/1 b ! prophesy+s ( ,gioac*9o di ,fiore _h no m p[] ?an ^? ( ,/4 ,hildeg>de to put a /op to wick$ness4 ,luke ,wadd+1 ! pi\s ,franciscan annali/1 beg9s 8 *ronicle ) ?is appall+ picture4 ,! advance 9 hi/oric rese>* p]mits u to ret\* x some:at m 9 detail1 b ! conclusion rema9s ! same2 )\t ,francis ( ,assisi ! ,*ur* w\ld p]haps h f\nd]$ & ! ,ca?>i w\ld h won ! day4 ,! little poor man1 driv5 away1 ca/ out ( doors by ! creatures ( ,innoc5t ,,iii41 sav$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,we _c "h make a ?or\gh /udy ( ! /ate ( ! ,*ur* at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 x w suffice to trace "s ( its mo/ prom95t features4 ,! fir/ glance at ! secul> cl]gy br+s out into />tl+ prom95ce ! ravages ( simony2 ! traffic 9 ecclesia/ical places 0 c>ri$ on ) b\ndless audacity2 b5efices 7 put up to ! highe/ bidd]1 & ,innoc5t ,,iii4 admitt$ t fire & sword alone c\ld heal ?is plague4#a ,prelates :o decl9$ to be b\ght by prop9ae1 fees1 7 held up z a/\nd+ exceptions6#b ,!y are /ones = und]/&+1 x 0 said ( ! (fic]s ( ! ,roman curia1 wood = ju/ice1 fire = wra?1 iron = =giv5ess2 deceitful z foxes1 pr\d z bulls1 gre$y & insatiate z ! m9otaur4#c ,! praises %[]$ ^u ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iii4 = rebuff+ a prie/ :o1 at ! beg9n+ ( a lawsuit1 (f]$ him a gold5 m>k1 speak only too pla9ly z to ! morals ( ,rome 9 ?is respect4#d ,! bi%ops1 on _! "p1 f\nd a ?\s& me?ods1 (t5 mo/ out ( keep+ ) _! call+1 = extort+ money f ! simple prie/s4#e ,viol5t1 qu>relsome1 cont5ti\s1 !y 7 held up to ridicule 9 popul> ballads f "o end ( ,europe to ! o!r4#f ,z to ! prie/s1 !y b5t all _! p[]s to accumulate b5efices1 & secure inh]itances f ! dy+1 /oop+ to ! mo/ despicable measures = provid+ = _! ba/>ds4#g ,! mona/ic ord]s 7 h>dly m reputable4 ,a great numb] ( ^! _h sprung up 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies2 _! reputation = sanctity soon /imulat$ ! lib]ality ( ! fai?ful1 & ?us fatally br\ght ab\t _! own decad5ce4 ,few communities _h %[n ! discretion ( ! fir/ monks ( ! ,ord] ( ,grammont 9 ! diocese ( ,limoges4 ,:5 ,/eph5 de ,muret1 its f\nd]1 began to manife/ 8 sanctity by giv+ sight to a bl9d man1 8 disciples took al>m at ! ?\ght ( ! weal? & notoriety :i* 0 likely to come to !m f ?is cause4 ,pi]re ( ,limoges1 :o _h succe$$ ,/eph5 z prior1 w5t at once to 8 tomb1 pray+3 ,o s]vant ( ,god1 ?\ ha/ %[n u ! way ( pov]ty1 & behold1 ?\ w\ld/ make u leave ! /rait & difficult pa? ( salvation1 & w\ld/ set u 9 ! broad road ( et]nal dea?4 ,?\ ha/ prea*$ to u 7! virtues (7 solitude1 & ?\ art ab\t to *ange ?is place into a fair & a m>ket-place4 ,we "k well t ?\ art a sa9t6 ,?\ ha/ no ne$ to prove x to u by p]=m+ miracles :i* w de/roy our humility4 ,be n s zeal\s = ?y reputation z to augm5t x to ! injury ( our salvation4 ,?is is :at we ask ( !e1 expect+ x ( ?y love4 ,if n1 we decl>e unto !e by ! ob$i5ce :i* we once ow$ to !e1 we w une>? ?y bones & ?r[ !m into ! riv]4 ,/eph5 obey$ up to ! "t ( 8 canonization 7#aahi71 b f t "t =w>d ambition1 av>ice1 & luxury made su* inroads ^u ! solitude ( ,grammont t its monks became ! byword & sc(f ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4#h ,pi]re ( ,limoges 0 n entirely )\t reason 9 fe>+ t 8 mona/]y w\ld be trans=m$ into a fair-gr\nd2 memb]s ( ! *apt]s ( mo/ ( ! ca!drals kept w9e-%ops lit]ally "u _! %ad[s1 & c]ta9 mona/]ies did n hesitate to attract cu/om by juggl]s ( all k9ds & ev5 by c\rtesans4#i ,to =m an idea ( ! degradation ( ! great] numb] ( ! monks x is n en\gh to read ! oratorical & (t5 exagg]at$ repro(s ( prea*]s oblig$ to /rike h>d 9 ord] to produce an effect4 ,we mu/ run ?r\gh ! collection ( bulls1 :]e appeals to ! c\rt ( ,rome aga9/ assass9ations1 violations1 ince/s1 adult]ies1 recur on almo/ e page4 ,x is easy to see t ev5 an ,innoc5t ,,iii4 might feel himself helpless & tempt$ to yield to disc\ragem5t1 9 ! face ( s _m ills4#aj ,! be/ spirits 7 turn+ t[>d ! ,ori5t1 ask+ !mselves if p]*ance ! ,greek ,*ur* might n sudd5ly come =w>d to purify all ^! abuses1 & receive = h]self ! inh]itance ( h] si/]4#aa ,! cl]gy1 ?\gh no long] respect$1 /ill ov]aw$ ! p ?r\gh _! sup]/iti\s t]ror ( _! p[]4 ,"h & !re might h be5 p]ceiv$ _m a =ew>n+ ( direful revolts2 ! roads to ,rome 7 cr[d$ ) monks ha/5+ to claim ! protection ( ! ,holy ,see aga9/ ! p among :om !y liv$4 ,! ,pope w\ld promptly decl>e an int]dict1 b x 0 n to be expect$ t su* a res\rce w\ld avail =ev]4#ab ,to ma9ta9 ! privileges ( ! ,*ur* ! papacy 0 (t5 oblig$ to spread ! mantle ( its protection ov] ^? :o des]v$ x lea/4 ,its cli5ts 7 n always z int]e/+ z ! un=tunate ,+elburge4 ,x w\ld be easi] to give unres]v$ admiration to ! conduct ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 if 9 ?is matt] "o c\ld feel c]ta9 t 8 only int]e/ 0 to ma9ta9 ! cause ( a poor ab&on$ woman4 ,b x is only too evid5t t he desir$ above all to keep up ! ecclesia/ical immunities4 ,?is is v evid5t 9 8 int]v5tion 9 favor ( ,waldem>1 ,bi%op ( ,s*leswig4 ,yet we mu/ n assume t all 0 corrupt 9 ! bosom ( ! ,*ur*2 !n1 z always1 ! evil made m noise ?an ! good1 & ! voices ( ^? :o desir$ a re=mation ar\s$ only pass+ int]e/4 ,among ! populace !re 0 sup]/ition unimag9able2 ! pulpit1 :i* ought to h %$ abroad "s little light1 0 z yet op5 only to ! bi%ops1 & ! few pa/ors :o did n neglect _! duty 9 ?is reg>d accompli%$ v little1 be+ too mu* absorb$ 9 o!r duties4 ,x 0 ! bir? ( ! m5dicant ord]s :i* oblig$ ! entire body ( secul> cl]gy to take up ! practice ( prea*+4 ,public wor%ip1 r$uc$ to liturgical c]emonies1 no long] pres]v$ any?+ :i* appeal$ to ! intellig5ce2 x 0 m & m becom+ a sort ( self-act+ magic =mula4 ,once ^u ?is road1 ! absurd 0 n f> di/ant4 ,^? :o deem$ !mselves pi\s told ( miracles p]=m$ by relics ) no ne$ ( aid f ! moral act ( fai?4 ,9 "o case a p>rot1 be+ c>ri$ away by a kite1 utt]$ ! invocation de> to 8 mi/ress1 ,sancte ,?oma adjuva me1 & 0 miracul\sly rescu$4 ,9 ano!r1 a m]*ant ( ,gron+51 hav+ purlo9$ an arm ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 grew ri* z if by en*antm5t s long z he kept x conceal$ 9 8 h\se1 b 0 r$uc$ to begg>y s soon z1 8 secret be+ discov]$1 ! relic 0 tak5 away f him & plac$ 9 a *ur*4#ac ,^! /ories1 we mu/ obs]ve1 d n come f ignorant en?usia/s1 hidd5 away 9 obscure c\ntry places2 !y are giv5 u by "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ monks ( 8 "t1 :o relates !m to a novice by way ( =m+ 8 m9d6 ,relics1 !n1 7 held to be nei!r m nor less ?an talismans4 ,n alone did !y p]=m miracles ^u ^? :o 7 9 no special /ate ( fai? or devotion1 ! m pot5t among !m heal$ ! sick 9 spite ( !mselves4 ,a *ronicl] relates t ! body ( ,sa9t ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs _h 9 #hhg be5 secretly transport$ to "s remote hid+ place = fe> ( ! ,dani% invasion4 ,:5 ! "t came = br++ x home aga91 !re 7 9 ,t\ra9e two impot5t m5 :o1 ?anks to _! infirmity1 ga9$ l>ge sums by begg+4 ,!y 7 ?r[n into great t]ror by ! tid+s t ! relics 7 be+ br\ght back3 ,sa9t ,m>t9 w\ld c]ta9ly heal !m & take away _! means ( livelihood4 ,_! fe>s 7 only too well f\nd$4 ,!y _h tak5 to flight1 b be+ too lame to walk fa/ !y _h n yet cross$ ! fronti] ( ,t\ra9e :5 ! sa9t arriv$ & heal$ !m6 ,hundr$s ( simil> /ories might be collect$1 /ati/ics might be made up to %[1 at ! accession ( ,innoc5t ,,iii41 ! great] numb] ( episcopal ?rones occupi$ by unwor?y bi%ops1 ! religi\s h\ses peopl$ ) idle & debau*$ monks2 b w\ld ?is give a truly accurate picture ( ! ,*ur* at ?is epo*8 ,i d n ?9k s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ reckon ) ! *oice spirits1 :o 7 )\t d\bt m num]\s ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,five righte\s m5 w\ld h sav$ ,sodom2 ! ,almighty did n f9d !m !re1 b he p]haps might h f\nd !m _h ,he ,himself made se>* = !m in/ead ( tru/+ to ,lot4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ?irte5? c5tury _h !m1 & x 0 = _! sakes t ! :irlw9d ( h]esy did n sweep x away4 ,b ?is is n all3 ! ,*ur* ( t "t (f]$ a noble spectacle ( moral gr&eur4 ,we mu/ le>n to lift our eyes f ! wret*$ /ate ( ?+s :i* has j be5 po9t$ out & fix !m on ! pontifical ?rone & recognize ! beauty ( ! /ruggle !re go+ on3 a p[] :olly spiritual und]tak+ to comm& ! rul]s ( ! _w1 z ! s\l ma/]s ! body1 & triumph+ 9 ! end4 ,x is true t bo? soldi]s & g5]als ( ?is army 7 (t5 little bett] ?an ruffians1 b "h aga91 9 ord] to be j1 we mu/ und]/& ! end !y aim$ at4 ,9 t iron age1 :5 brute =ce 0 ! only =ce1 ! ,*ur*1 not)/&+ its w\nds1 (f]$ to ! _w ! spectacle ( peasants & labor+ m5 receiv+ ! humble homage ( ! highe/ pot5tates ( e>?1 simply because1 seat$ on ! ?rone ( ,sa9t ,pet]1 !y repres5t$ ! moral law4 ,?is is :y ,alighi]i & _m o!rs be=e & aft] him1 ?\gh !y might heap curses on wick$ m9i/]s1 yet 9 ! dep?s ( _! he>t 7 nev] )\t an imm5se compassion & an ard5t love = ! ,*ur* :i* !y nev] ceas$ to call _! "m4 ,/ill1 ev]ybody 0 n l !m1 & ! vices ( ! cl]gy expla9 ! innum]able h]esies ( t day4 ,all ( !m _h a c]ta9 success1 f ^? :i* 7 simply ! outcry ( an outrag$ consci5ce1 l t ( ! ,wald5ses1 to ! mo/ absurd ( !m all1 l t ( ,eon de l',etoile4 ,"s ( ^! movem5ts 7 = great & sacr$ causes2 b we mu/ n let our sympa?ies be s mov$ by ! p]secutions suff]$ by h]etics z to cl\d our judgm5t4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] _h ,rome triumph$ by g5tl5ess1 by education & hol9ess1 b unhappily a soldi] may n always *oose 8 weapons1 & :5 life is at /ake he seizes ! fir/ he f9ds )9 8 rea*4 ,! papacy has n always be5 reaction>y & obscuranti/2 :5 x ov]?rew ! ,ca?>i1 = example1 its victory 0 t ( reason & good s5se4 ,! li/ ( ! h]esies ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is already long1 b x is increas+ e day1 to ! great joy ( ^? erudite ones :o are mak+ /r5u\s ef=ts to classify ev]y?+ 9 t tohu-bohu ( my/icism & folly4 ,9 t day h]esy 0 v mu* alive2 x 0 consequ5tly v complex & its p[]s ( trans=mation inf9ite4 ,"o may indicate its curr5ts1 m>k its direction1 b to g f>!r is to condemn oneself to utt] confusion 9 ?is m$ley ( impulsive1 passionate1 fanta/ic movem5ts :i* 7 born1 %ot upw>d1 & fell to e>? aga91 at ! caprice ( a ?\s& incompreh5sible circum/ances4 ,9 c]ta9 c\nties ( ,engl& !re are at ! pres5t day villages hav+ z _m z eight & t5 places ( wor%ip = a few hundr$s ( inhabitants4 ,_m ( ^! p *ange _! d5om9ation e ?ree or f\r ye>s1 return+ to t !y fir/ quitt$1 leav+ x aga9 only to ent] x anew1 & s on z long z !y live4 ,_! lead]s set ! example1 ?r[+ !mselves en?usia/ically into ea* new movem5t only to leave x be=e long4 ,!y w\ld all alike f9d x difficult to give an intelligible reason = ^! *anges4 ,!y say t ! ,_s guides !m1 & x w\ld be unfair to disbelieve !m1 b ! hi/orian :o %\ld inve/igate conditions l ^! w\ld lose 8 head 9 ! labyr9? unless he made a sep>ate /udy ( ea* ( ^! ,protean movem5ts4 ,!y are surely n wor? ! tr\ble4 ,9 a some:at simil> condition 0 a great "p ( ,*ri/5dom "u ,innoc5t ,,iii42 b :ile ! sects ( :i* ,i h j spok5 move 9 a v n>r[ circle ( dogmas & ideas1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury e sort ( excess foll[$ 9 rapid succession4 ,)\t ! slighte/ pause ( transition m5 pass$ ?r\gh ! mo/ contradictory sy/ems ( belief4 ,/ill1 a few g5]al *>act]i/ics may be obs]v$2 9 ! fir/ place1 h]esies are no long] metaphysical subtleties z 9 e>li] days2 ,arius & ,priscillian1 ,ne/orius & ,euty*us are dead inde$4 ,9 ! second place1 !y no long] arise 9 ! upp] & gov]n+ class1 b proce$ especially f ! inf]ior cl]gy & ! common p4 ,! bl[s :i* actually ?reat5$ ! ,*ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 /ruck by obscure labor+ m51 by ! poor & ! oppress$1 :o 9 _! wret*$ness & degradation felt t %e _h fail$ 9 h] mission4 ,no soon] 0 a voice uplift$1 prea*+ au/]ity & simplicity1 ?an x drew toge!r n ! laity only1 b memb]s ( ! cl]gy z well4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury we f9d a c]ta9 ,pons r\s+ all ,p]igord1 prea*+ evangelical pov]ty be=e ! com+ ( ,/4 ,francis4#ad ,two great curr5ts are app>5t3 on "o side ! ,ca?>i1 on ! o!r1 innum]able sects revolt+ f ! ,*ur* by v fidelity to ,*ri/ianity & ! desire to return to ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,among ! sects ( ! second category ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury saw 9 ,italy ! rise ( ! ,poor ,m51 :o )\t d\bt 7 a "p ( ! movem5t ( ,arnold ( ,brescia2 !y d5i$ ! efficacy ( sacram5ts adm9i/]$ by unwor?y h&s4#ae ,a true attempt at re=m 0 made by ! ,wald5ses4 ,_! hi/ory1 al?\gh bett] kn[n1 /ill rema9s obscure on c]ta9 sides2 _! "n1 ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons1 recalls ! =m] movem5t1 ) :i* !y 7 9 close agreem5t1 z also ) ! ,humiliants4 ,all ^! names involunt>ily sugge/ t by :i* ,/4 ,francis aft]w>d call$ 8 ,ord]4 ,! analogy betwe5 ! inspiration ( ,pet] ,waldo & t ( ,/4 ,francis 0 s close t "o might be tempt$ to believe ! latt] a sort ( imitation ( ! =m]4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake3 ! same causes produc$ 9 all qu>t]s ! same effects2 ideas ( re=m1 ( a return to gospel pov]ty1 7 9 ! air1 & ?is helps u to und]/& h[ x 0 t be=e _m ye>s ! ,franciscan prea*+ rev]b]at$ ?r\gh ! entire _w4 ,if at ! outset ! c>e]s ( ^! two m5 7 alike1 _! lat] lives 7 v diff]5t4 ,waldo1 driv5 into h]esy almo/ 9 spite ( himself1 0 oblig$ to accept ! consequ5ces ( ! premises :i* he himself _h laid d[n2#af :ile ,francis1 rema9+ ! ob$i5t son ( ! ,*ur*1 b5t all 8 ef=ts to develop ! inn] life 9 himself & 8 disciples4 ,x is inde$ mo/ likely t ?r\gh 8 fa!r ,francis _h become acqua9t$ ) ! movem5t ( ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons4 ,h5ce 8 (t-repeat$ c\nsels to 8 fri>s ( ! duty ( submission to ! cl]gy4 ,:5 he w5t to seek ! approbation ( ,innoc5t ,,iii41 x is evid5t t ! prelates ) :om he _h relations w>n$ him1 by ! v example ( ,waldo1 ( ! dang]s inh]5t 9 8 own movem5t4#ag ,! latt] _h gone to ,rome 9 #aagi1 accompani$ by a few foll[]s1 to ask at ! same "t ! approbation ( _! translation ( ! ,scriptures into ! vulg> tongue & ! p]mission to prea*4 ,!y 7 grant$ bo? reque/s on condition ( ga9+ = _! prea*+ ! au?orization ( _! local cl]gy4 ,walt] ,map 7,cross #abaj71 :o 0 *>g$ ) _! exam9ation1 0 con/ra9$1 :ile ridicul+ _! simplicity1 to admire _! pov]ty & zeal = ! apo/olic life4#ah ,two or ?ree ye>s lat] !y met a v diff]5t reception at ,rome1 & 9 #aahd !y 7 ana!matiz$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,v]ona4 ,f t day no?+ c\ld /op !m1 ev5 to ! =m+ ( a new ,*ur*4 ,!y multipli$ ) a rapidity h>dly exce$$ aft]w>d by ! ,franciscans4 ,by ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury we f9d !m spread abroad f ,hung>y to ,spa92 ! fir/ attempts to hunt !m d[n 7 made 9 ! latt] c\ntry4 ,o!r c\ntries 7 at fir/ satisfi$ ) treat+ !m z excommunicat$ p]sons4 ,oblig$ to hide !mselves1 r$uc$ to ! impossibility ( hold+ _! *apt]s1 :i* ought to h come toge!r once or twice a ye>1 & :i*1 _h !y done s1 might h ma9ta9$ among !m a c]ta9 unity ( doctr9e1 ! ,wald5ses rapidly und]w5t a *ange accord+ to _! environm5t2 "s ob/9ately insi/+ ^u call+ !mselves good ,ca?olics1 o!rs go+ s f> z to prea* ! ov]?r[ ( ! hi]>*y & ! uselessness ( sacram5ts4#ai ,h5ce t multiplicity ( diff]+ & ev5 ho/ile bran*es :i* seem$ to develop almo/ h\rly4 ,a common p]secution br\ght !m ne>] to ! ,ca?>i & favor$ ! fusion ( _! ideas4 ,_! activity 0 inconceivable4 ,"u pretext ( pilgrimages to ,rome !y 7 always on ! road1 simple & ins9uat+4 ,! me?ods ( travel ( t day 7 peculi>ly favorable to ! diffusion ( ideas4 ,:ile retail+ news to ^? ^: hospitality !y receiv$1 !y w\ld speak ( ! unhappy /ate ( ! ,*ur* & ! re=ms t 7 ne$$4 ,su* conv]sations 7 a means ( apo/le%ip mu* m efficaci\s ?an ^? ( ! pres5t day1 ! book & ! newspap]2 !re is no?+ l ! viva vox#bj = spread+ ?\ght4 ,_m vile /ories h be5 told ( ! ,wald5ses2 calumny is f> too facile a weapon n to tempt an adv]s>y at bay4 ,?us !y h be5 *>g$ ) ! same indec5t promiscuities ( :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 accus$4 ,9 reality _! true /r5g? 0 9 _! virtues1 :i* /rongly contra/$ ) ! vices ( ! cl]gy4 ,! mo/ p[]ful & det]m9$ enemies ( ! ,*ur* 7 ! ,ca?>i4 ,s9c]e1 audaci\s1 (t5 le>n$ & ke5 9 argum5t1 hav+ among !m "s *oice spirits & m5 ( great intellectual p[]s1 !y 7 pre-em95tly ! h]etics ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,_! revolt did n be> ^u po9ts ( detail & que/ions ( discipl9e1 l t ( ! e>ly ,wald5ses2 x _h a def9ite doctr9al basis1 tak+ issue ) ! :ole body ( ,ca?olic dogma4 ,b1 al?\gh ?is h]esy fl\ri%$ 9 ,italy & "u ! v eyes ( ,/4 ,francis1 !re is ne$ only to indicate x briefly4 ,8 "w may h receiv$ _m infiltrations f ! ,wald5sian movem5t1 b ,ca?>ism 0 :olly =eign to x4 ,?is is naturally expla9$ by ! fact t ,/4 ,francis nev] cons5t$ to occupy himself ) que/ions ( doctr9e4 ,= him fai? 0 n ( ! intellectual b ! moral doma92 x is ! consecration ( ! he>t4 ,"t sp5t 9 dogmatiz+ appe>$ to him "t lo/4 ,an incid5t 9 ! life ( ,bro!r ,egidio well br+s out ! slight e/eem 9 :i* !ology 0 held by ! e>ly ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,"o day1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 he cri$1 p]haps n )\t a t\* ( irony1 ,alas6 :at %all we ignorant & simple ones d to m]it ! favor ( ,god8 ,my bro!r1 repli$ ! fam\s div9e1 y "k v well t x suffices to love ! ,"l4 ,are y v sure ( t8 repli$ ,egidio2 d y believe t a simple woman might please ,him z well z a ma/] 9 !ology8 ,^u ! affirmative response ( 8 int]locutor1 he ran out into ! /reet & call+ to a begg> woman ) all 8 might1 ,poor old creature1 he exclaim$1 rejoice1 = if y love ,god1 y may h a high] place 9 ! k+dom ( heav5 ?an ,bro!r ,bonav5tura6#ba ,! ,ca?>i1 !n1 _h no direct influ5ce ^u ,/4 ,francis1#bb b no?+ c\ld bett] prove ! di/urbance ( ?\ght at ?is epo* ?an t resurrection ( ,mani*eism4 ,to :at a dep? ( lassitude & folly mu/ religi\s ,italy h fall5 = ?is mixture ( ,buddhism1 ,mazdeism1 & gno/icism to h tak5 su* hold ^u x6 ,! ,ca?>i/ doctr9e re/$ ^u ! antagonism ( two pr9ciples1 "o bad1 ! o!r good4 ,! fir/ _h creat$ matt]2 ! second1 ! s\l1 :i*1 = g5]ation aft] g5]ation passes f "o body to ano!r until x a*ieves salvation4 ,matt] is ! cause & ! seat ( evil2 all contact ) x con/itutes a blemi%1#bc consequ5tly ! ,ca?>i r5\nc$ m>riage & prop]ty & advocat$ suicide4 ,all ?is 0 mix$ up ) mo/ complicat$ cosmogonical my?s4 ,_! adh]5ts 7 divid$ into two classes--! pure or p]fect1 & ! believ]s1 :o 7 proselytes 9 ! second degree1 & ^: obligations 7 v simple4 ,! adepts1 prop]ly s call$1 7 initiat$ by ! c]emony ( ! consolam5tum or imposition ( h&s1 :i* induc$ ! desc5t ^u !m ( ! ,consol+ ,_s4 ,among !m 7 en?usia/s :o aft] ?is c]emony plac$ !mselves 9 endura--t is to say1 !y />v$ !mselves to dea? 9 ord] n to desc5d f ?is /ate ( grace4 ,9 ,langu$oc1 :]e ?is sect w5t by ! "n ( ,albig5ses1 !y _h an organization :i* embrac$ all ,c5tral ,europe1 & ev]y:]e support$ fl\ri%+ s*ools att5d$ by ! *ildr5 ( ! nobles4 ,9 ,italy !y 7 h>dly less p[]ful2 ,concorrezo1 ne> ,monza 9 ,lomb>dy1 & ,bagnolo1 gave _! names to two congregations slightly diff]5t f ^? 9 ,langu$oc4#bd ,b x 0 especially f ,milan#be t !y spread abroad ov] all ! ,p59sula1 mak+ proselytes ev5 9 ! mo/ remote di/ricts ( ,calabria4 ,! /ate ( an>*y prevail+ 9 ! c\ntry 0 v favorable to !m4 ,! papacy 0 too mu* occupi$ 9 baffl+ ! spasmodic ef=ts ( ! ,hoh5/auf51 to put ! necess>y p]sev]ance & sy/em into its /ruggles aga9/ h]esy4 ,?us ! new ideas 7 prea*$ "u ! v %ad[ ( ! ,lat]an2 9 #abji1 ,o?o ,,iv41 com+ to ,rome to be cr[n$1 f\nd !re a s*ool 9 :i* ,mani*eism 0 publicly taught4#bf ,) all 8 en]gy ,innoc5t ,,iii4 _h n be5 able to *eck ?is evil 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! case ( ,vit]bo tells mu* ( ! difficulty ( repress+ x2 9 ,m>*1 #aaii1 ! pope wrote to ! cl]gy & p ( ?is t[n to recall to _! m9ds1 & at ! same "t to increase1 ! p5alties pron\nc$ aga9/ h]esy4 ,= all t1 ! ,pat>9i _h ! majority 9 #abje1 & succe$$ 9 nam+ "o ( !mselves consul4#bg ,! wra? ( ! pontiff at ?is ev5t 0 unb\nd$2 he fulm9at$ a bull m5ac+ ! city ) fire & sword1 & comm&+ ! neighbor+ t[ns to ?r[ !mselves ^u h] if )9 a =tnight %e _h n giv5 satisfaction4#bh ,x 0 all 9 va93 ! ,pat>9i 7 dealt ) only z a matt] ( =m2 x ne$$ ! pres5ce ( ! pope himself to assure ! execution ( 8 ord]s & obta9 ! demolition ( ! h\ses ( ! h]etics & _! abettors 7autumn ( #abjg74bi ,b /ifl$ at "o po9t ! revolt bur/ out at a hundr$ o!rs2 at ?is mom5t x 0 triumphant on all sides2 at ,f]r>a1 ,v]ona1 ,rim9i1 ,flor5ce1 ,prato1 ,fa5za1 ,treviso1 ,piac5za4 ,! cl]gy 7 expell$ f ?is la/ t[n1 :i* rema9$ m ?an ?ree ye>s )\t a prie/4#cj ,vit]bo is tw5ty leagues f ,assisi1 ,orvieto only t51 & di/urbances 9 ?is t[n 7 equally grave4 ,a noble ,roman1 ,pietro ,p>5tio1 ! deputy ( ! ,holy ,see 9 ?is place1 endeavor$ to ext]m9ate ! ,pat>9i4 ,he 0 assass9at$4#ca ,b ,francis ne$$ n to g ev5 s f> z ,orvieto to become acqua9t$ ) h]etics4 ,9 ,assisi ! same ?+s 7 go+ on z 9 ! neighbor+ cities4 ,9 #abjc ?is t[n _h elect$ = pode/a a h]etic nam$ ,giraldo di ,gilb]to1 & 9 spite ( w>n+s f ,rome _h p]si/$ 9 keep+ him at ! head ( affairs until ! expiration ( 8 t]m ( (fice 7#abjd74 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 :o _h n yet be5 oblig$ to use vigor ) ,vit]bo1 resort$ to p]suasion & despat*$ to ,umbria ! ,c>d9al ,leo di ,santa ,croce1 :o w appe> m ?an once 9 ?is hi/ory4#cb ,! successor ( ,giraldo & fifty ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s made ! am5de honorable & swore fidelity to ! ,*ur*4 ,x is easy to p]ceive 9 :at a /ate ( f]m5t ,italy 0 dur+ ^! e>ly ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! moral discr$it ( ! cl]gy mu/ h be5 deep inde$ = s\ls to h turn$ t[>d ,mani*eism ) su* ardor4 ,italy may well be grateful to ,/4 ,francis2 x 0 z mu* infect$ ) ,ca?>ism z ,langu$oc1 & x 0 he :o wr\ght its purification4 ,he did n pause to demon/rate by syllogisms or !ological !ses ! vanity ( ! ,ca?>i/ doctr9es2 b so>+ z on w+s to ! religi\s life1 he sudd5ly made a new ideal to %9e out be=e ! eyes ( 8 contempor>ies1 an ideal be=e :i* all ^! fanta/ic sects vani%$ z birds ( ! night take flight at ! fir/ rays ( ! sun4 ,a great "p ( ,/4 ,francis's p[] came to him ?us ?r\gh 8 sy/ematic avoidance ( polemics4 ,! latt] is always m or less a =m ( spiritual pride2 x only deep5s ! *asm :i* x und]takes to fill up4 ,tru? ne$s n to be prov$2 x is its own witness4 ,! only weapon :i* he w\ld use aga9/ ! wick$ 0 ! hol9ess ( a life s full ( love z to enlight5 & revive ^? ab\t him1 & compel !m to love4#cc ,! disappe>ance ( ,ca?>ism 9 ,italy1 )\t an upheaval1 & above all )\t ! ,inquisition1 is ?us an indirect result ( ! ,franciscan movem5t1 & n ! lea/ important among !m4#cd ,at ! voice ( ! ,umbrian re=m] ,italy r\s$ h]self1 recov]$ h] good s5se & f9e temp]2 %e ca/ out ^? doctr9es ( pessimism & dea?1 z a robu/ organism ca/s out morbid sub/ances4 ,i h already endeavor$ to %[ ! /rong analogy betwe5 ! initial ef=ts ( ,francis & ^? ( ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons4 ,8 ?\ght rip5$ 9 an atmosph]e ?or\ghly saturat$ ) _! ideas2 unconsci\sly to himself !y ent]$ into 8 be+4 ,! prophecies ( ! ,calabrian abbot ex]t$ ^u him an influ5ce q z difficult to appreciate1 b no less pr(\nd4 ,/&+ on ! conf9es ( ,italy & z x 7 at ! ?re%old ( ,greece1 ,gioac*9o di ,fiore#ce 0 ! la/ l9k 9 a *a9 ( mona/ic prophets1 :o dur+ ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s succe$$ "o ano!r 9 ! mona/]ies & h]mitages ( ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,! mo/ fam\s among !m _h be5 ,/4 ,nilo1 a sort ( untam$ ,john ! ,bapti/1 liv+ 9 des]t places1 b sudd5ly em]g+ f !m :5 8 duties ( ma9ta9+ ! "r call$ him else:]e4 ,we see him on "o occasion appe>+ 9 ,rome itself1 to ann\nce to pope & emp]or ! unloos+ ( ! div9e wra?4#cf ,scatt]$ 9 ! ,alp9e solitudes ( ,basilicata ^! ,calabrian h]mits 7 cont9ually oblig$ to retreat high] & high] into ! m\nta9 fa/nesses to escape ! populace1 :o1 pursu$ by pirates1 7 tak+ refuge 9 ^! m\nta9s4 ,!y ?us pass$ _! lives betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 ) two seas = _! horizon4 ,disquiet$ by fe> ( ! corsairs1 & by ! w>-cries ^: e*oes rea*$ ev5 to !m1 !y turn$ _! ?\ghts t[>d ! future4 ,! ages ( great t]ror are also ! ages ( great hope2 x is to ! captivity ( ,babylon t we owe1 ) ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 ^? pictures ( ! future :i* h n yet ceas$ to *>m ! s\l ( man2 ,n]o's p]secutions gave u ! ,apocalypse ( ,/4 ,john1 & ! p>oxysms ( ! twelf? c5tury ! et]nal ,gospel4 ,conv]t$ aft] a life ( dissipation1 ,gioac*9o di ,fiore travell$ ext5sively 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 ,greece1 & ,con/ant9ople4 ,return+ to ,italy he began1 ?\gh a layman1 to prea* 9 ! outskirts ( ,r5de & ,cos5za4 ,lat] on he jo9$ ! ,ci/]cians ( ,cortale1 ne> ,catanz>o1 & !re took v[s4 ,%ortly aft] elect$ abbot ( ! mona/]y 9 spite ( refusal & ev5 flight1 he 0 seiz$ aft] a few ye>s ) ! no/algia ( solitude1 & s\ght f ,pope ,lucius ,,iii4 a dis*>ge f 8 functions 7#aaha71 t he might consecrate all 8 "t to ! works :i* he _h 9 m9d4 ,! pope grant$ 8 reque/1 & ev5 p]mitt$ him to g :]ev] he might deem be/ 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 "w4 ,!n began = ,gioac*9o a life ( w&]+ f conv5t to conv5t1 :i* c>ri$ him ev5 z f> z ,lomb>dy1 to ,v]ona1 :]e we f9d him ) ,pope ,urban ,,iii4 ,:5 he return$ to ! s\?1 a gr\p ( disciples ga!r$ ar\nd him to he> 8 explanations ( ! mo/ obscure passages ( ! ,bible4 ,:e!r he w\ld or no he 0 oblig$ to receive !m1 to talk ) !m1 to give !m a rule1 &1 f9ally1 to in/al !m 9 ! v he>t ( ! ,sila1 ! ,black ,=e/ ( ,italy1#cg ov] aga9/ ! highe/ peak1 9 gorges :]e ! sil5ce is int]rupt$ only by ! murmurs ( ! ,arvo & ! ,neto1 :i* h _! s\rce n f> f !re4 ,! new ,a?os receiv$ ! "n ( ,fiore 7fl[]71 transp>5t symbol ( ! hopes ( its f\nd]4#ch ,x 0 !re t he put ! f9i%+ t\* to writ+s :i*1 aft] fifty ye>s ( neglect1 7 to become ! />t+-po9t ( all h]esies1 & ! alim5t ( all s\ls burd5$ ) ! salvation ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! m5 ( ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 too mu* occupi$ ) o!r ?+s1 did n p]ceive t ! spiritual /reams at :i* !y 7 dr9k+ desc5d$ f ! sn[y m\nta9-tops ( ,calabria4 ,x is always ?us ) my/ical influ5ces4 ,!re is 9 !m some?+ vague1 t5u\s1 & p5etrat+ :i* escapes an exact e/imation4 ,let two *oice s\ls meet1 & !y w f9d x a difficult ?+ to analyze & "n ! impressions :i* ea* has receiv$ f ! o!r4 ,x is s ) an epo*2 x is n always ^? :o speak to h] ! (t5e/ & l\de/ :om %e be/ und]/&s2 nor ev5 ^? at ^: feet %e sits1 a fai?ful pupil1 day aft] day4 ,sometimes1 :ile on ! way to h] accu/om$ ma/]s1 %e sudd5ly meets a /rang]2 %e b>ely cat*es a few words ( :at he says2 %e kn[s n :5ce he comes nor :i!r he goes2 %e nev] sees him aga91 b ^? few words ( 8 g on surg+ 9 ! dep?s ( h] s\l1 agitat+ & disquiet+ h]4 ,?us x 0 = a long :ile ) ,gioac*9o di ,fiore4 ,8 tea*+s1 scatt]$ "h & !re by en?usia/ic disciples1 7 g]m9at+ sil5tly 9 _m he>ts4#ci ,giv+ back hope to m51 !y re/or$ to !m /r5g? also4 ,to ?9k is already to act2 alone "u ! %ad[ ( ! ho>y p9es :i* surr\nd$ 8 cell1 ! c5obite ( ,fiore 0 labor+ = ! r5ovation ( ! ,*ur* ) z mu* vigor z ! re=m]s :o came aft] him4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 f> f atta9+ ! height ( ! prophets ( ,israel2 in/ead ( so>+ l !m to ! v heav5s1 he always rema9$ rivet$ to ! text1 ^u :i* he comm5t$ 9 ! allegorical me?od1 & :5ce by ?is me?od he br\ght out ! mo/ fanta/ic improbabilities4 ,a few pages ( 8 books w\ld we> out ! mo/ pati5t read]1 b 9 ^! fields1 burnt ov] by !ological argum5ts m dry+ ?an ! w9ds ( ! des]t1 fields :]e "o at fir/ p]ceives only /ones & ?i/les1 "o comes at la/ to ! *>m+ oasis1 ) repose & dreams 9 its %ade4 ,! exegesis ( ,gioac*9o di ,fiore 9 fact l$ up to a sort ( philosophy ( hi/ory2 its gr& l9es 7 calculat$ to make a /rik+ appeal to ! imag9ation4 ,! life ( humanity is divid$ into ?ree p]iods3 9 ! fir/1 "u ! reign ( ! ,fa!r1 m5 liv$ "u ! rigor ( ! law2 9 ! second1 reign$ ov] by ! ,son1 m5 live "u ! rule ( grace2 9 ! ?ird1 ! ,_s %all reign & m5 %all live 9 ! pl5itude ( love4 ,! fir/ is ! p]iod ( s]vile ob$i5ce2 ! second1 t ( filial ob$i5ce2 ! ?ird1 t ( lib]ty4 ,9 ! fir/1 m5 liv$ 9 fe>2 9 ! second1 !y re/ 9 fai?2 9 ! ?ird1 !y %all burn ) love4 ,! fir/ saw ! %9+ ( ! />s2 ! second sees ! :it5+ ( ! dawn2 ! ?ird w behold ! glory ( ! day4 ,! fir/ produc$ nettles1 ! second gives roses1 ! ?ird w be ! age ( lilies4 ,if n[ we consid] t 9 ! ?\ght ( ,gioac*9o ! ?ird p]iod1 ! ,age ( ! ,_s1 0 ab\t to op51 we %all und]/& ) :at en?usiasm m5 hail$ ! words :i* re/or$ joy to he>ts /ill di/urb$ ) mill5>ian fe>s4 ,x is evid5t t ,/4 ,francis knew ^! radiant hopes4 ,:o kn[s ev5 t x 0 n ! ,calabrian ,se] :o awoke 8 he>t to its transports ( love8 ,if ?is be s1 ,gioac*9o 0 n m]ely 8 precursor2 he 0 8 true spiritual fa!r4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,/4 ,francis f\nd 9 ,gioac*9o's ?\ght _m ( ! elem5ts :i*1 unconsci\sly to himself1 7 to become ! f\ndation ( 8 in/itute4 ,! noble disda9 :i* he %[s = all m5 ( le>n+1 & :i* he s\ght to inculcate ^u 8 ,ord]1 0 = ,gioac*9o "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! new era4 ,! tru? :i* rema9s hidd5 to ! wise1 he says1 is reveal$ to babes2 dialectics closes t :i* is op51 obscures t :i* is cle>2 x is ! "m ( useless talk1 ( rivalries & blasphemy4 ,le>n+ does n edify1 & x may de/roy1 z is prov$ by ! scribes ( ! ,*ur*1 swoll5 ) pride & arrogance1 :o by d9t ( reason+ fall into h]esy4#dj ,we h se5 t ! return to evangelical simplicity _h become a necessity2 all ! h]etical sects 7 on ?is po9t 9 accord ) pi\s ,ca?olics1 b no "o spoke 9 a mann] s ,franciscan z ,gioac*9o di ,fiore4 ,n only did he make volunt>y pov]ty "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! age ( lilies1 b he speaks ( x 9 8 pages ) s pr(\nd1 s liv+ an emotion1 t ,/4 ,francis c\ld d little m ?an repeat 8 words4 ,! ideal monk :om he describes1#da ^: only prop]ty is a lyre1 is a true ,franciscan be=e ! lett]1 him ( :om ! ,pov]ello ( ,assisi always dream$4 ,! feel+ = nature also bur/s =? 9 him ) incomp>able vigor4 ,"o day he 0 prea*+ 9 a *apel :i* 0 plung$ 9 almo/ total d>kness1 ! sky be+ q ov]ca/ ) cl\ds4 ,sudd5ly ! cl\ds broke away1 ! sun %one1 ! *ur* 0 flood$ ) light4 ,gioac*9o paus$1 salut$ ! sun1 inton$ ! ,v5i ,creator1 & l$ 8 congregation out to gaze ^u ! l&scape4 ,x w\ld be by no means surpris+ if t[>d #abje ,francis %\ld h he>d ( ?is prophet1 t[>d :om s _m he>ts 7 turn+1 ?is an*orite :o1 gaz+ up into heav51 spoke ) ,jesus z a fri5d talks ) 8 fri5d1 yet knew also h[ to come d[n to console m5 & w>m ! faces ( ! dy+ at 8 own brea/4 ,at ! o!r end ( ,europe1 9 ! he>t ( ,g]many1 ! same causes _h produc$ ! same effects4 ,f ! excess ( ! p's suff]+s & ! despair ( religi\s s\ls 0 be+ born a movem5t ( apocalyptic my/icism :i* seem$ to h secret communication ) t :i* 0 r\s+ ! ,p59sula4 ,!y _h ! same views ( ! future1 ! same anxi\s expectation ( new cataclysms1 jo9$ ) a prospect ( a reviv+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,cry ) a l\d voice1 said h] gu>dian angel to ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,s*onau 7,cross #aafd71 cry to all nations3 ,woe6 = ! :ole _w has become d>kness4 ,! ,"l's v9e has )]$1 !re is no "o to t5d x4 ,! ,"l has s5t labor]s1 b !y h all be5 f\nd idle4 ,! head ( ! ,*ur* is ill & h] memb]s are dead4444 ,%eph]ds ( my ,*ur*1 y are sleep+1 b ,i %all awak5 y6 ,k+s ( ! e>?1 ! cry ( y\r iniquity has ris5 ev5 to me4#db ,div9e ju/ice1 said ,/4 ,hildeg>de 7,cross #aagh71 %all h its h\r2 ! la/ ( ! sev5 epo*s symboliz$ by ! sev5 days ( creation has arriv$1 ! judgm5ts ( ,god are ab\t to be accompli%$2 ! empire & ! papacy1 sunk into impiety1 %all crumble away toge!r4444 ,b ^u _! ru9s %all appe> a new nation ( ,god1 a nation ( prophets illum9at$ f on high1 liv+ 9 pov]ty & solitude4 ,!n ! div9e my/]ies %all be reveal$1 & ! say+ ( ,joel %all be fulfill$2 ! ,holy ,_s %all %$ abroad ^u ! p ! dew ( 8 prophecies1 ( 8 wisdom & hol9ess2 ! hea!n1 ! ,jews1 ! worldly & ! unbeliev+ %all be conv]t$ toge!r1 spr+-"t & peace %all reign ov] a reg5]at$ _w1 & ! angels w return ) confid5ce to dwell among m54 ,^! hopes 7 n :olly conf\nd$4 ,9 ! ev5+ ( 8 days ! prophet ( ,fiore 0 able1 l a new ,simeon1 to utt] 8 ,nunc dimittis1 & = a few ye>s ,*ri/5dom c\ld turn 9 amazem5t to ,assisi z to a new ,be?lehem4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,bull ( ,june #h1 #aaih1 ,quamvis4 ,migne1 i41 col4 #bbj2 ,pot?a/1 #bfe4 #b ,= example1 ,pi]re1 ,c>d9al ( ,/4 ,*ryzogone & =m] ,bi%op ( ,meaux1 :o 9 a s+le election refus$ ! dazzl+ (f] ( five hundr$ silv] m>ks4 ,alex&] ,,iii41 ,migne's edition1 epi/4 #cie4 #c ,fasciculus r]um expet5d4 et fugi5d41 t4 ii41 #g1 pp4 #bed1 #bee 7,br[n1 #afij74 #d ,john ( ,salisbury1 ,policrat4 ,migne1 v4 #ae4 #e ,among _! s\rces ( rev5ue we f9d ! "r ( collagium1 by paym5t ( :i* cl]ics acquir$ ! "r to keep a concub9e4 ,pi]re le ,*antre1 ,v]b4 abbrev41 #bd4 #f ,vide ,c>m9a ,burana1 ,breslau1 #hvo1 #ahhc2 ,political ,songs ( ,engl&1 publi%$ by ,?4 ,wright1 ,london1 #hvo1 #ahic2 ,poesies populaires lat9es du moy5 age1 du ,m]il1 ,p>is1 #ahdg4 ,see also ,rayn\>d1 ,lexique roman1 i41 #ddf1 #dea1 #dfd1 ! f9e poems ( ! tr\bad\r ,pi]re ,c>d9al1 contempor>y ( ,/4 ,francis1 ^u ! woes ( ! ,*ur*1 & ,dante1 ,inf]no1 xix4 ,if "o w\ld ga9 an idea ( :at ! bi%op ( a small city 9 ^? days co/ 8 flock1 he has only to read ! bull ( ,febru>y #ab1 #abai1 ,ju/is pet5tium1 address$ by ,honorius ,,iii4 to ! ,bi%op ( ,t]ni1 & includ+ ! contract by :i* ! inhabitants ( t city settl$ ! rev5ues ( ! episcopal see4 ,horoy1 t4 iii41 col4 #aad1 or ! ,bull>ium romanum1 t4 iii41 p4 #cdh1 ,tur94 #g ,conosco sac]doti *e fanno gli usura p] =m>e un patrimonio da lasci>e ai loro spurii2 altri *e t5gono o/]ia coll' insegna del coll>e e v5dono v9o 444 ,salimb5e1 ,cant>elli1 ,p>ma1 #ahhb1 #b vols41 #hvo1 ii41 p4 #cjg4 #h ,vide ,brevis hi/oria ,prior4 ,gr&imont4--,/ephani ,tornac5sis4 ,epi/4 #aae1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aef1 #afb2 ,honorius ,,iii41 ,horoy's edition1 lib4 i41 #bhj1 #bhd1 #bhf-bhh2 ii41 #ab1 #acj1 #acf1 #chc-chg4 #i ,gu]>d1 ,c>tulaire de ,n4 ,d4 de ,p>is1 t4 i41 p4 cxi2 t4 ii41 p4 #djf4 ,cf4 ,honorius ,,iii41 ,bull ,int] /atuta ( ,july #be1 #abbc1 ,horoy1 t4 iv41 col4 #dja4 ,see also canon #bc ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,bezi]s1 #abcc2 ,guib]t de ,gembl\rs1 epi/4 #e & #f 7,migne72 ,honorius ,,iii41 lib4 ix41 #cb1 #ha2 ii41 #aic2 iv41 #aj2 iii41 #bec & #beh2 iv41 #cc1 #bg1 #gj1 #add2 v41 #ef1 #bia1 #dbj1 #dcj2 vi41 #bad1 #acb1 #aci1 #bjd2 vii41 #abg2 ix41 #ea4 #aj ,vide ,bull ,po/quam vocante ,dom9o ( ,july #aa1 #abjf4 ,pot?a/ #bhdj4 #aa ,v4 ,annales ,/ad5ses ,monum5ta ,g]maniae hi/orica1 ,scriptorum1 t4 #af1 ad ann4 #abcg4 ,among ! compreh5sive pictures ( ! situation ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 !re is none m int]e/+ ?an t left u by ! ,c>d9al ,jacques de ,vitry 9 8 ,hi/oria occid5talis3 ,libri duo quorum prior ,ori5talis1 alt] ,occid5talis hi/oriae nom9e inscribitur ,duaci1 #aeig1 #afmo4 pp4 #bei-dhj4 #ab ,v4 ,honorius ,,iii41 ,horoy's edition1 lib4 i41 ep4 #aji1 #abe1 #ace1 #bjf1 #bgc2 ii41 #abh1 #afd2 iv41 #abj1 etc4 #ac ,dialogus miraculorum ( ,ces> ( ,hei/]ba* ,/range's edition1 ,cologne1 #ahea1 #b vols41 #hvo1 t4 ii41 pp4 #bee & #abe4 ,?is book1 ) ! ,gold5 ,leg5d ( ,giacomo di ,v>aggio1 gives ! be/ idea ( ! /ate ( religi\s ?\ght 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #ad ,recueil des hi/ori5s de ,france4 ,b\quet1 t4 xii41 pp4 #eej1 #eea4 #ae ,bonacorsi3 ,vitae ha]eticorum d',a*]y1 ,spicilegium1 t4 i41 p4 #bae ,cf4 ,lucius ,,iii41 epi/4 #aga1 ,migne4 #af ,vide ,b]n>d ,gui1 ,practica inquisitionis1 ,d\ai edition1 #dto1 ,p>is1 #ahhf p4 #bdd ff41 & especially ! ,vatican ,,ms41 #bedh1 folio #ga4 #ag ,a *ronicle ( ,/4 ,francis's "t makes ?is same comp>ison3 ,bur*>d1 ,abbot ( ,urspurg 7,cross #abbf7 ,bur*>di et ,cuonradi *ronicon4 ,monum4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bc1 has left u an acc\nt ( ! approbation ( ,francis by ! ,pope1 all ! m preci\s = be+ t ( a contempor>y4 ,loc4 cit41 p4 #cgf4 #ah ,de nugis ,curialium1 ,di/4 #a1 cap4 #ca1 p4 #fd1 ,wright's edition4 ,cf4 ,*ronique de ,laon1 ,b\quet xiii41 p4 #fhj4 #ai ,see1 = example1 ! lett] ( ! ,italian bran* ( ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons ,paup]os ,lomb>di to _! bre?r5 ( ,g]many1 !re call$ ,leoni/es4 ,9 x !y %[ ! po9ts 9 :i* !y are n 9 h>mony ) ! ,fr5* ,wald5ses4 ,publi%$ by ,preg]3 ,abh&lung5 d] ,k4 bay]4 ,akademie d] ,wiss4 ,hi/4 ,cl41 t4 xiii41 #ahge1 p4 #ai ff4 #bj ,^! cont9ual j\rney+s sometimes ga9$ = !m ! "n ( ,passagi5i1 z 9 ! s\? ( ,france ! prea*]s ( c]ta9 sects are to-day call$ ,c\rri]s4 ,! t]m1 h[ev]1 specially designates a ,judaiz+ sect :o return$ to ! lit]al obs]vation ( ! ,mosaic law3 ,doell+]1 ,beitraege1 t4 ii41 pp4 #cbg & #cge4 ,!y %\ld !re=e be id5tifi$ ) ! ,circonsisi ( ! con/itution ( ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 7,huill>d-,breholles1 t4 v41 p4 #bhj74 ,see especially ! f9e monograph ( ,m4 ,c4 ,mol9i]3 ,memoires de l',academie de ,t\l\se1 #ahhh4 #ba ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bch;d4 #bb ,i w\ld say t betwe5 ! inspiration ( ,francis & ! ,ca?>ian doctr9es !re is an irreconcilable opposition2 b x w\ld n be difficult to f9d acts & words ( 8 :i* recall ! contempt = matt] ( ! ,ca?>i2 = example1 8 way ( treat+ 8 body4 ,"s ( 8 c\nsels to ! fri>s3 ,unusquisque habet 9 pote/ate sua inimicum suum videlicit corpus1 p] quod peccat4 ,assisi ,,ms4 #cch1 folio #bj;b4 ,con=m4 #ach1 b4 #b4--;,cum majorem inimicum corpore non habeam4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fc4 ,^! are mom5t>y b inevitable obscurations1 mom5ts ( =getfulness1 ( disc\ragem5t1 :5 a man is n himself1 & repeats me*anically :at he he>s said ar\nd him4 ,! real ,/4 ,francis is1 on ! contr>y1 ! lov] ( nature1 he :o sees 9 ! :ole creation ! "w ( div9e goodness1 ! radiance ( ! et]nal beauty1 he :o1 9 ! ,canticle ( ! ,creatures1 sees 9 ! body n ! ,enemy b a bro!r3 ,caepit hil>it] loqui ad corpus2 ,gaude1 frat] corpus4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #acg4 #bc ,quodam die1 dicta fabrissa dixit ipsi te/i praegnanti1 quod rog>et ,deum1 ut lib]>et eam a ,daemone1 quem habebat 9 v5tre 444 ,gulielmus dixit quod ita magnum peccatum erat jac]e cum uxore sua quam cum concub9a4 ,doell+]1 loc4 cit41 pp4 #bd1 #ce4 #bd ,^? ( ! ,concorrez5ses & ,bajol5ses4 ,9 ,italy ,ca?>i becomes ,gazz>i2 = t matt]1 ea* c\ntry _h its special appellatives2 "o ( ! mo/ g5]al 9 ! nor? 0 t ( ! ,bulg>i1 :i* m>ks ! ori5tal orig9 ( ! sect1 :5ce ! slang t]m ,b\lgres & its d]ivatives 7vide ,mat!w ,p>is1 ann4 #abch74 ,cf4 ,s*mit1 ,hi/oire des ,ca?>es1 #hvo1 #b vols1 ,p>is1 #ahdi4 #be ,! mo/ curr5t "n 9 ,italy 0 t ( ! ,pat>9i1 giv5 !m no d\bt f _! inhabit+ ! qu>t] ( second-h& deal]s 9 ,milan3 la contrada dei ,pat>i1 f\nd 9 _m cities4 ,pat>i6 is /ill ! cry ( ! ragpick]s 9 ! small t[ns ( ,prov5ce4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,pat>9o & ,ca?>o 7 synonyms4 ,b be=e t ! t]m ,pat>9i _h an entirely diff]5t s5se4 ,see ! v rem>kable /udy ( ,m4 ,felice ,tocco on ?is subject 9 8 ,eresia net m$io evo1 #abmo1 ,flor5ce1 #ahhd4 #bf ,ces> von ,hei/]ba*1 ,dial4 mirac41 t4 i41 p4 #cji1 ,/range's edition4 #bg ,innoc5tii op]a1 ,migne1 t4 i41 col4 #ecg2 t4 ii41 #fed4 #bh ,computrui/is 9 peccatis sicut jum5ta 9 /]core suo ut fumus ac fimus putrefactionis ve/rae jam f]e circumadjac5tes regionis infec]it1 ac ipsum ,dom9um ut cr$imus ad nauseam provocav]it4 ,loc4 cit41 col4 #fed4 ,cf4 #fgc2 ,pot?a/1 #becb1 #beci4 #bi ,ge/a ,innoc5tii1 ,migne1 t4 i41 col4 clxii4 ,cf4 epi/4 viii41 #he & #aje4 #cj ,campi1 ,hi/oria ,ecclesia/ica di ,piac5za1 p>te ii41 p4 #ib ff4 ,cf4 ,innoc41 epi/4 ix41 #aca1 #aff-afi2 x41 #ed1 #fd1 #bbb4 #ca ,a4 ,,ss41 ,maii1 t4 v41 p4 #hg4 #cb ,bull ( ,june #f1 #abje1 ,pot?a/1 #bbcg2 ,migne1 vii41 #hc4 ,?is ,c>d9al ,leo 7( ! presbyt]ial title ( ,holy ,cross ( ,j]usalem7 0 "o mo/ valu$ by ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,to him & ,ugol9i1 ! future ,gregory ,,ix41 he at ?is epo* confid$ ! mo/ delicate missions 7= example1 9 #abji1 !y 7 nam$ legates to ,o?o ,,iv474 ,?is embassy %[s 9 :at importance ! pope held ! affairs ( ,assisi1 ?\gh x 0 a v small city4 #cc ,n once d we f9d him fight+ h]etics4 ,! e>ly ,dom9icans1 on ! contr>y1 are incessantly occupi$ ) argu+4 ,see #b ,cel41 #c1 #df4 #cd ,x ne$ n be said t ,i d n ass]t t no trace ( x is to be f\nd aft] ! m9i/ry ( ,/4 ,francis1 b x 0 no long] a =ce1 & no long] endang]$ ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 #ce ,?is /range p]sonality w *>m hi/orians & philosoph]s = a long :ile to come4 ,i "k no?+ m le>n$ or m lum9\s ?an ,m4 ,felice ,tocco's f9e /udy 9 8 ,eresia nel m$io evo1 ,flor5ce1 #ahhd1 #a vol41 #abmo1 pp4 #bfa-dji4 #cf ,a4 ,,ss41 ,sept41 t4 vii41 p4 #bhc ff4 #cg ,a4 ,,ss41 ,maii1 vii42 ,v9c5t de ,beauvais1 ,speculum hi/oriale1 lib4 #bi1 cap4 #dj4 ,la ,sila is a wood$ m\nta91 situat$ ea/w>d f ,cos5za1 :i* ! peasants call ,monte ,n]o4 ,! summits are ne>ly #b1jjj metres above ! sea4 #ch ,t[>d #aaie4 ,gioac*9o di$ !re1 ,m>* #cj1 #abjb4 #ci ,a :ole apo*ryphal lit]ature has blossom$ out ar\nd ,gioac*9o2 c]ta9 hyp]critics h tri$ to prove t he nev] wrote any?+4 ,^! are exagg]ations4 ,?ree l>ge works are c]ta9ly au!ntic3 ,! ,agreem5t ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 ,! ,comm5t>y on ! ,apocalypse1 & ,! ,psalt]y ( ,t5 ,/r+s1 publi%$ 9 ,v5ice1 ! fir/ 9 #aeag1 ! two o!rs 9 #aebg4 ,8 prophecies 7 s well kn[n1 ev5 9 8 lifetime1 t an ,engli% ,ci/]cian1 ,rudolph1 ,abbot ( ,cogge%all 7,cross #abbh71 com+ to ,rome 9 #aaie1 s\ght a conf]5ce ) him & has left u an int]e/+ acc\nt ( x4 ,m>t5e1 ,amplissima ,collectio1 t4 v41 p4 #hci4 #dj ,comm4 9 apoc41 folio #gh1 b4 #b4 #da ,qui v]e mona*us e/ nihil reputat esse suum nisi ci?>am3 ,apoc41 ib41 folio #ahc4 a4 #b4 #db ,e4 ,ro?1 ,die ,vision5 d] heilig5 ,elisabe? von ,s*o5au3 ,bru5n1 #ahhd1 pp4 #aae-aag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,/ruggles ,,& ,,triumph ,spr+ ( #abjf-;,febru>y #bd1 #abji ,! biographies ( ,/4 ,francis h pres]v$ to u an incid5t :i* %[s h[ great 0 ! religi\s f]m5t ev5 9 ! little city ( ,assisi4 ,a /rang] 0 se5 to g up & d[n ! /reets say+ to e "o he met1 ,peace & welf>e6 7,pax et bonum47#a ,he ?us express$ 9 8 own way ! disquietude ( ^? he>ts :i* c\ld nei!r resign !mselves to p]petual w>f>e nor to ! disappe>ance ( fai? & love2 artless e*o1 vibrat+ 9 response to ! hopes & fe>s t 7 %ak+ all ,europe6 ,vox clamantis 9 des]to6 x w be said4 ,no1 = e he>t-cry leaves its trace ev5 :5 x seems to be utt]$ 9 empty air1 & t ( ! ,unkn[n ( ,assisi may h contribut$ 9 "s measure to ,francis's def9itive call4 ,s9ce 8 abrupt return f ,spoleto1 life 9 8 fa!r's h\se _h become daily m difficult4 ,b]n>done's self-love _h receiv$ f 8 son's discomfiture su* a w\nd z ) commonplace m5 is nev] heal$4 ,he might provide1 )\t c\nt+ x1 money to be swall[$ up 9 dissipation1 t s 8 son might /& on an equal foot+ ) ! "y nobles2 he c\ld nev] resign himself to see him giv+ ) lavi% h&s to e begg> 9 ! /reets4 ,francis1 cont9ually plung$ 9 rev]ie & sp5d+ 8 days 9 lonely w&]+s 9 ! fields1 0 no long] ( ! lea/ use to 8 fa!r4 ,mon?s pass$1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! two m5 grew ev] wid]2 & ! g5tle & lov+ ,pica c\ld d no?+ to prev5t a rupture :i* f ?is "t appe>$ to be inevitable4 ,francis soon came to feel only "o desire1 to flee f ! abode :]e1 9 ! place ( love1 he f\nd only reproa*es1 upbraid+s1 angui%4 ,! fai?ful confidant ( 8 e>li] /ruggles _h be5 oblig$ to leave him1 & ?is absolute solitude weigh$ heavily ^u 8 w>m & lov+ he>t4 ,he did :at he c\ld to escape f x1 b no "o und]/ood him4 ,! ideas :i* he 0 beg9n+ timidly to express evok$ f ^? to :om he spoke only mock+ smiles or ! head-%ak+s :i* m5 sure t !y are "r be/[ ^u him :o is m>*+ /raight to madness4 ,he ev5 w5t to op5 8 m9d to ! bi%op1 b ! latt] und]/ood no m ?an o!rs 8 vague1 incoh]5t plans1 fill$ ) ideas impossible to realize & possibly subv]sive4#b ,x 0 ?us t 9 spite ( himself ,francis 0 l$ to ask no?+ ( m51 b to raise himself by pray] to intuitive k ( ! div9e w4 ,! doors ( h\ses & ( he>ts 7 alike clos+ ^u him1 b ! int]ior voice 0 ab\t to speak out ) irresi/ible =ce & make itself =ev] obey$4 ,among ! num]\s *apels 9 ! suburbs ( ,assisi !re 0 "o :i* he p>ticul>ly lov$1 t ( ,/4 ,damian4 ,x 0 rea*$ by a few m9utes' walk ov] a /ony pa?1 almo/ trackless1 "u olive trees1 amid odors ( lav5d] & rosem>y4 ,/&+ on ! top ( a hillock1 ! entire pla9 is visible f x1 ?r\gh a curta9 ( cypresses & p9es :i* seem to be try+ to hide ! humble h]mitage & set up an ideal b>ri] betwe5 x & ! _w4 ,s]v$ by a poor prie/ :o _h sc>cely ! :]e)al = necess>y food1 ! sanctu>y 0 fall+ into ru94 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ! int]ior b a simple alt> ( masonry1 & by way ( r]$os "o ( ^? byzant9e crucifixes /ill s num]\s 9 ,italy1 :]e ?r\gh ! "w ( ! arti/s ( ! "t has come d[n to u some?+ ( ! t]rors :i* agitat$ ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 g5]al ! ,crucifi$ ,"o1 frightfully lac]at$1 ) ble$+ w\nds1 appe>s to seek to inspire only grief & compunction2 t ( ,/4 ,damian1 on ! contr>y1 has an expression ( inexpressible calm & g5tl5ess2 in/ead ( clos+ ! eyelids 9 et]nal surr5d] to ! weight ( suff]+1 x looks d[n 9 self-=getfulness1 & its pure1 cle> gaze says1 n ,i suff]1 b1 ,come unto me4#c ,"o day ,francis 0 pray+ be=e ! poor alt>3 ,great & glori\s ,god1 & ?\1 ,"l ,jesus1 ,i pray ye1 %$ abroad y\r light 9 ! d>kness ( my m9d4444 ,be f\nd ( me1 ,"l1 s t 9 all ?+s ,i may act only 9 accordance ) ?y holy w4#d ,?us he pray$ 9 8 he>t1 & behold1 little by little x seem$ to him t 8 gaze c\ld n deta* itself f t ( ,jesus2 he felt some?+ m>vell\s tak+ place 9 & ar\nd him4 ,! sacr$ victim took on life1 & 9 ! outw>d sil5ce he 0 aw>e ( a voice :i* s(tly /ole into ! v dep?s ( 8 he>t1 speak+ to him an ineffable language4 ,jesus accept$ 8 oblation4 ,jesus desir$ 8 labor1 8 life1 all 8 be+1 & ! he>t ( ! poor solit>y 0 already ba!d 9 light & /r5g?4#e ,?is vision m>ks ! f9al triumph ( ,francis4 ,8 union ) ,*ri/ is consummat$2 f ?is "t he c exclaim ) ! my/ics ( e age1 ,my belov$ is m9e1 & ,i am 84 ,b in/ead ( giv+ himself up to transports ( contemplation he at once asks himself h[ he may repay to ,jesus love = love1 9 :at action he %all employ ?is life :i* he has j (f]$ to him4 ,he _h n long to seek4 ,we h se5 t ! *apel :]e 8 spiritual esp\sals _h j be5 celebrat$ 0 ?reat5$ ) ru94 ,he believ$ t to repair x 0 ! "w assign$ to him4 ,f t day ! remembrance ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o1 ! ?\ght ( ! love :i* _h triumph$ 9 immolat+ itself1 became ! v c5tre ( 8 religi\s life & z x 7 ! s\l ( 8 s\l4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 no d\bt1 ,francis _h be5 br\ght into direct1 p]sonal1 intimate contact ) ,jesus ,*ri/2 f belief he _h pass$ to fai?1 to t liv+ fai? :i* a di/+ui%$ ?9k] has s well def9$3 ,to believe is to look2 x is a s]i\s1 att5tive1 & prolong$ look2 a look m simple ?an t ( obs]vation1 a look :i* looks1 & no?+ m2 artless1 infant9e1 x has all ! s\l 9 x1 x is a look ( ! s\l & n ! m9d1 a look :i* does n seek to analyze its object1 b :i* receives x z a :ole into ! s\l ?r\gh ! eyes4 ,9 ^! words ,v9et unconsci\sly has m>vell\sly *>act]iz$ ! religi\s temp]am5t ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is look ( love ca/ ^u ! crucifix1 ?is my/]i\s colloquy ) ! compassionate victim1 0 nev] m to cease4 ,at ,/4 ,damian1 ,/4 ,francis's piety took on its outw>d appe>ance & its orig9ality4 ,f ?is "t 8 s\l be>s ! /igmata1 & z 8 biograph]s h said 9 words untranslatable1 ,ab illa hora vuln]atum et liquefactum e/ cor ejus ed memoriam ,dom9icae passionis4#f ,f t "t 8 way 0 pla9 be=e him4 ,com+ out f ! sanctu>y1 he gave ! prie/ all ! money he _h ab\t him to keep a lamp always burn+1 & ) ravi%$ he>t he return$ to ,assisi4 ,he _h decid$ to quit 8 fa!r's h\se & und]take ! re/oration ( ! *apel1 aft] hav+ brok5 ! la/ ties t b\nd him to ! pa/4 ,a horse & a few pieces ( gayly color$ /uffs 7 all t he possess$4 ,arriv$ at home he made a packet ( ! /uffs1 & m\nt+ 8 horse he set out = ,foligno4 ,?is city 0 !n z n[ ! mo/ important comm]cial t[n ( all ! region4 ,its fairs attract$ ! :ole population ( ,umbria & ! ,sab9es4 ,b]n>done _h (t5 tak5 8 son !re1#g & ,francis spe$ily succe$$ 9 sell+ all he _h br\ght4 ,he ev5 p>t$ ) 8 horse1 & full ( joy set out ^u ! road to ,assisi4#h ,?is act 0 to him mo/ important2 x m>k$ 8 f9al rupture ) ! pa/2 f ?is day on 8 life 0 to be 9 all po9ts ! opposite ( :at x _h be52 ! ,crucifi$ _h giv5 himself to him2 he on 8 side _h giv5 himself to ! ,crucifi$ )\t res]ve or return4 ,to unc]ta9ty1 disquietude ( s\l1 angui%1 long+ = an unkn[n good1 bitt] regrets1 _h succe$$ a delici\s calm1 ! ec/asy ( ! lo/ *ild :o f9ds 8 "m1 & =gets 9 a mom5t ! torture ( 8 he>t4 ,f ,foligno he return$ direct to ,/4 ,damian2 x 0 n necess>y to pass ?r\gh ! city1 & he 0 9 ha/e to put 8 projects into execution4 ,! poor prie/ 0 surpris$ en\gh :5 ,francis h&$ ov] to him ! :ole product ( 8 sale4 ,he d\btless ?\ght t a pass+ qu>rel _h occurr$ betwe5 ,b]n>done & 8 son1 & = great] prud5ce refus$ ! gift2 b ,francis s insi/$ ^u rema9+ ) him t he f9ally gave him leave to d s4 ,z to ! money1 n[ become useless1 ,francis ca/ x z a wor?less object ^u a w9d[-seat 9 ! *apel4#i ,mean:ile ,b]n>done1 di/urb$ by 8 son's failure to return1 s\ght = him 9 all qu>t]s1 & 0 n long 9 le>n+ ( 8 pres5ce at ,/4 ,damian4 ,9 a mom5t he p]ceiv$ t ,francis 0 lo/ to him4 ,resolv$ to try e means1 he collect$ a few neighbors1 & furi\s ) rage ha/5$ to ! h]mitage to snat* him away1 if ne$ 71 by ma9 =ce4 ,b ,francis knew 8 fa!r's viol5ce4 ,:5 he he>d ! %\ts ( ^? :o 7 9 pursuit ( him he felt 8 c\rage fail & hurri$ to a hid+-place :i* he _h prep>$ = himself = precisely su* an em]g5cy4 ,b]n>done1 no d\bt ill second$ 9 ! se>*1 ransack$ e corn]1 b 0 oblig$ at la/ to return to ,assisi )\t 8 son4 ,francis rema9$ hidd5 = long days1 weep+ & groan+1 implor+ ,god to %[ him ! pa? he ought to foll[4 ,not)/&+ 8 fe>s he _h an inf9ite joy at he>t1 & at no price w\ld he h turn$ back4#aj ,?is seclusion c\ld n la/ long4 ,francis p]ceiv$ ?is1 & told himself t = a newly made knight ( ! ,*ri/ he 0 cutt+ a v pitiful figure4 ,arm+ himself1 !re=e1 ) c\rage1 he w5t "o day to ! city to pres5t himself be=e 8 fa!r & make kn[n to him 8 resolution4 ,x is easy to imag9e ! *anges wr\ght 9 8 appe>ance by ^! few weeks ( seclusion1 pass$ mu* ( !m 9 m5tal angui%4 ,:5 he appe>$1 pale1 cadav]\s1 8 clo!s 9 tatt]s1 ^u :at is n[ ! ,piazza ,nuova1 :]e hundr$s ( *ildr5 play all day long1 he 0 greet$ ) a great %\t1 ,pazzo1 ,pazzo6 7,a madman6 a madman67 ,un pazzo ne fa c5to 7,"o madman makes a hundr$ m71 says ! prov]b1 b "o mu/ h se5 ! deliri\s excitem5t ( ! /reet *ildr5 ( ,italy at ! sight ( a madman to ga9 an idea h[ true x is4 ,! mom5t ! magic cry res\nds !y ru% into ! /reet ) frightful d91 & :ile _! p>5ts look on f ! w9d[s1 !y surr\nd ! unhappy suff]] ) wild dances m+l$ ) songs1 %\ts1 & savage h[ls4 ,!y ?r[ /ones at him1 fl+ mud ^u him1 bl9dfold him2 if he flies into a rage1 !y d\ble _! insults2 if he weeps or begs = pity1 !y repeat 8 cries & mimic 8 sobs & supplications )\t respite & )\t m]cy4#aa ,b]n>done soon he>d ! clamor :i* fill$ ! n>r[ /reets1 & w5t out to enjoy ! %[2 sudd5ly he ?\ght he he>d 8 own "n & t ( 8 son1 & bur/+ ) %ame & rage he p]ceiv$ ,francis4 ,?r[+ himself ^u him1 z if to ?rottle him1 he dragg$ him into ! h\se & ca/ him1 half dead1 into a d>k closet4 ,?reats1 bad usage1 ev]y?+ 0 br\ght to be> to *ange ! prison]'s resolves1 b all 9 va94 ,at la/1 we>i$ out & desp]ate1 he left him 9 peace1 ?\gh n )\t hav+ firmly b\nd him4#ab ,a few days aft] he 0 oblig$ to be abs5t = a %ort "t4 ,pica1 8 wife1 und]/ood only too well 8 grievances aga9/ ,francis1 b feel+ t viol5ce w\ld be ( no avail %e resolv$ to try g5tl5ess4 ,x 0 all 9 va94 ,!n1 n be+ able long] to see him ?us tortur$1 %e set him at lib]ty4 ,he return$ /raight to ,/4 ,damian4#ac ,b]n>done1 on 8 return1 w5t s f> z to /rike ,pica 9 puni%m5t = h] weakness4 ,!n1 unable to tol]ate ! ?\ght ( see+ 8 son ! je/ ( ! :ole city1 he tri$ to procure 8 expulsion f ! t]ritory ( ,assisi4 ,go+ to ,/4 ,damian he summon$ him to leave ! c\ntry4 ,?is "t ,francis did n try to hide4 ,boldly pres5t+ himself be=e 8 fa!r1 he decl>$ to him t n only w\ld no?+ induce him to ab&on 8 resolutions1 b t1 moreov]1 hav+ become ! s]vant ( ,*ri/1 he _h no long] to receive ord]s f him4#ad ,z ,b]n>done laun*$ out into invective1 reproa*+ him ) ! enorm\s sums :i* he _h co/ him1 ,francis %[$ him by a ge/ure ! money :i* he _h br\ght back f ! sale at ,foligno ly+ on ! w9d[-l$ge4 ,! fa!r gre$ily seiz$ x & w5t away1 resolv+ to appeal to ! magi/rates4 ,! consuls summon$ ,francis to appe> be=e !m1 b he repli$ simply t z s]vant ( ! ,*ur* he did n come "u _! jurisdiction4 ,glad ( ?is response1 :i* reliev$ !m ( a delicate dilemma1 !y ref]r$ ! compla9ant to ! diocesan au?orities4#ae ,! matt] took on ano!r aspect be=e ! ecclesia/ical tribunal2 x 0 idle to dream ( ask+ ! bi%op to pron\nce a s5t5ce ( bani%m5t1 s9ce x 0 8 "p to pres]ve ! lib]ty ( ! cl]ics4 ,b]n>done c\ld d no m ?an dis9h]it 8 son1 or at lea/ induce him ( 8 own accord to r5\nce all claim ^u 8 inh]itance4 ,?is 0 n difficult4 ,:5 call$ ^u to appe> be=e ! episcopal tribunal#af ,francis exp]i5c$ a lively joy2 8 my/ical esp\sals to ! ,crucifi$ ,"o 7 n[ to receive a sort ( (ficial consecration4 ,to ?is ,jesus1 :om he _h s (t5 blasphem$ & betray$ by ^w & conduct1 he w\ld n[ be able ) equal publicity to promise ob$i5ce & fidelity4 ,x is easy to imag9e ! s5sation :i* all ?is caus$ 9 a small t[n l ,assisi1 & ! cr[d t on ! appo9t$ day press$ t[>d ! ,piazza ( ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore1 :]e ! bi%op pron\nc$ s5t5ce4#ag ,e "o held ,francis to be assur$ly mad1 b !y anticipat$ ) reli% ! %ame & rage ( ,b]n>done1 :om e "o dete/$1 & ^: pride 0 s well puni%$ by all ?is4 ,! bi%op fir/ set =? ! case1 & advis$ ,francis to simply give up all 8 prop]ty4 ,to ! great surprise ( ! cr[d ! latt]1 in/ead ( reply+1 retir$ to a room 9 ! bi%op's palace1 & imm$iately reappe>$ absolutely nak$1 hold+ 9 8 h& ! packet into :i* he _h roll$ 8 clo!s2 ^! he laid d[n be=e ! bi%op ) ! little money t he /ill _h kept1 say+3 ,li/51 all ( y1 & und]/& x well2 until ?is "t ,i h call$ ,pietro ,b]n>done my fa!r1 b n[ ,i desire to s]ve ,god4 ,?is is :y ,i return to him ?is money1 = :i* he has giv5 himself s mu* tr\ble1 z well z my clo?+1 & all t ,i h _h f him1 = f h5ce=? ,i desire to say no?+ else ?an ',our ,fa!r1 :o art 9 heav54' ,a long murmur arose f ! cr[d :5 ,b]n>done 0 se5 to ga!r up & c>ry (f ! clo?+ )\t ! lea/ evid5ce ( compassion1 :ile ! bi%op 0 fa9 to take "u 8 mantle ! poor ,francis1 :o 0 trembl+ ) emotion & cold4#ah ,! sc5e ( ! judgm5t hall made an imm5se impression2 ! ardor1 simplicity1 & indignation ( ,francis _h be5 s pr(\nd & s9c]e t sc(f]s 7 disconc]t$4 ,on t day he won = himself a secret sympa?y 9 _m s\ls4 ,! populace loves su* abrupt conv]sions1 or ^? :i* x consid]s su*4 ,francis once aga9 =c$ himself ^u ! att5tion ( 8 fell[-citiz5s ) a p[] all ! great] = ! contra/ betwe5 8 =m] & 8 new life4 ,!re are pi\s folk ^: mode/y is %ock$ by ! nudity ( ,francis2 b ,italy is n ,g]many nor ,engl&1 & ! ?irte5? c5tury w\ld h be5 a/oni%$ inde$ at ! prud]y ( ! ,boll&i/s4 ,! incid5t is simply a new manife/ation ( ,francis's "*1 ) its +5u\sness1 its exagg]ations1 its long+ to e/abli% a complete h>mony1 a lit]al correspond5ce1 betwe5 words & actions4 ,aft] emotions su* z he _h j exp]i5c$ he felt ! ne$ ( be+ alone1 ( realiz+ 8 joy1 ( s++ ! lib]ty he _h f9ally a*iev$ along all ! l9es :]e once he _h s deeply suff]$1 s ard5tly /ruggl$4 ,he w\ld n1 !re=e1 return imm$iately to ,/4 ,damian4 ,leav+ ! city by ! ne>e/ gate1 he plung$ into ! des]t$ pa?s :i* climb ! sides ( ,m\nt ,subasio4 ,x 0 ! e>ly spr+4 ,"h & !re 7 /ill great drifts ( sn[1 b "u ! ardor ( ! ,m>* sun w9t] seem$ to own itself vanqui%$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is my/]i\s & bewild]+ h>mony ! he>t ( ,francis felt a delici\s ?rill1 all 8 be+ 0 calm$ & uplift$1 ! s\l ( ?+s c>ess$ him g5tly & %$ ^u him peace4 ,an unwont$ happ9ess swept ov] him2 he made ! =e/ to res\nd ) 8 hymns ( praise4 ,m5 utt] 9 song emotions too sweet or too deep to be express$ 9 ord9>y language1 b unword$ music is 9 ?is respect sup]ior to song1 x is above all ?+s ! language ( ! ineffable4 ,song ga9s almo/ ! same value :5 ! words are only !re z a support = ! voice4 ,! great beauty ( ! psalms & hymns ( ! ,*ur* lies 9 ! fact t be+ sung 9 an unkn[n tongue !y make no appeal to ! intellig5ce2 !y say no?+1 b !y express ev]y?+ ) m>vell\s modulations l a cele/ial accompanim5t1 :i* foll[s ! believ]'s emotions f ! mo/ agoniz+ /ruggles to ! mo/ unspeakable ec/asies4 ,s ,francis w5t on 8 way1 deeply inhal+ ! odors ( spr+1 s++ at ! top ( 8 voice "o ( ^? songs ( ,fr5* *ivalry :i* he _h le>n$ 9 days gone by4 ,! =e/ 9 :i* he 0 walk+ 0 ! usual retreat ( su* p ( ,assisi & its environs z _h any reason = hid+4 ,"s ruffians1 ar\s$ by 8 voice1 sudd5ly fell ^u him4 ,:o are y8 !y ask$4 ,i am ! h]ald ( ! great ,k+1 he answ]$ b :at is t to y8 ,8 only g>m5t 0 an old mantle :i* ! bi%op's g>d5] _h l5t him at 8 ma/]'s reque/4 ,!y /ripp$ x f him1 & ?r[+ him into a dit* full ( sn[1 ,!re is y\r place1 poor h]ald ( ,god1 !y said4 ,! robb]s gone1 he %ook (f ! sn[ :i* cov]$ him1 & aft] may ef=ts succe$$ 9 extricat+ himself f ! dit*4 ,/iff ) cold1 ) no o!r cov]+ ?an a worn-out %irt1 he none ! less resum$ 8 s++1 happy to suff] & ?us to accu/om himself ! bett] to und]/& ! words ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o4#ai ,n f> away 0 a mona/]y4 ,he ent]$ & (f]$ 8 s]vices4 ,9 ^? solitudes1 peopl$ (t5 by su* undesirable neighbors1 p 7 suspici\s4 ,! monks p]mitt$ him to make himself useful 9 ! kit*51 b !y gave him no?+ to cov] himself ) & h>dly any?+ to eat4 ,!re 0 no?+ = x b to g away2 he direct$ 8 /eps t[>d ,gubbio1 :]e he knew t he %\ld f9d a fri5d4 ,p]haps ?is 0 he :o _h be5 8 confidant on 8 return f ,spoleto4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 he receiv$ f him a tunic1 & a few days aft] set out to return to 8 de> ,/4 ,damian4#bj ,he did n1 h[ev]1 g directly ?i!r2 be=e beg9n+ to re/ore ! little sanctu>y1 he desir$ to see aga9 8 fri5ds1 ! lep]s1 to promise !m t he w\ld love !m ev5 bett] ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,s9ce 8 fir/ visit to ! lep]-h\se ! brilliant cavali] _h become a poor begg>2 he came ) empty h&s b ) he>t ov]fl[+ ) t5d]ness & compassion4 ,tak+ up 8 abode 9 ! mid/ ( ^! afflict$ ones he lavi%$ ^u !m ! mo/ t\*+ c>e1 wa%+ & wip+ _! sores1 all ! m g5tle & radiant z _! sores 7 m repulsive4#ba ,! neglect$ suff]] is z mu* bl9d$ by love ( him :o comes to visit him z ! *ild by its love = its "m4 ,he believes him to be all p[]ful2 at 8 approa* ! mo/ pa9ful suff]+s are eas$ or disappe>4 ,?is love inspir$ by ! sympa?y ( an affectionate he>t may become s deep z to appe> at times sup]natural2 ! dy+ h be5 kn[n to recov] consci\sness 9 ord] to look = ! la/ "t into ! face1 n ( "s memb] ( ! family1 b ( ! fri5d :o has tri$ to be ! sun%9e ( _! la/ days4 ,! ties ( pure love are /rong] ?an ! bonds ( fle% & blood4 ,francis _h _m a "t sweet exp]i5ce ( ?is2 f ! "t ( 8 arrival at ! lep]-h\se he felt t if he _h lo/ 8 life he 0 ab\t to f9d x aga94 ,enc\rag$ by 8 soj\rn among ! lep]s1 he return$ to ,/4 ,damian & w5t to "w1 fill$ ) joy & ardor1 8 he>t z mu* 9 ! sun%9e z ! ,umbrian pla9 9 ?is beautiful mon? ( ,may4 ,aft] hav+ fa%ion$ = himself a h]mit's dress1 he began to g into ! squ>es & op5 places ( ! city4 ,!re hav+ sung a few hymns1 he w\ld ann\nce to ^? :o ga!r$ ar\nd him 8 project ( re/or+ ! *apel4 ,^? :o w give me "o /one1 he w\ld add ) a smile1 %all h a rew>d2 ^? :o give me two %all h two rew>ds1 & ^? :o give me ?ree %all h ?ree4 ,_m deem$ him mad1 b o!rs 7 deeply mov$ by ! remembrance ( ! pa/4 ,z = ,francis1 deaf to mock]y1 he sp>$ himself no labor1 c>ry+ ^u 8 %\ld]s1 s ill-fitt$ = sev]e toil1 ! /ones :i* 7 giv5 him4#bb ,dur+ ?is "t ! poor prie/ ( ,/4 ,damian felt 8 he>t swell+ ) love = ?is companion :o _h at fir/ caus$ him su* emb>rassm5t1 & he /rove to prep>e = him 8 favorite di%es4 ,francis soon p]ceiv$ x4 ,8 delicacy took al>m at ! exp5se :i* he caus$ 8 fri5d1 &1 ?ank+ him1 he resolv$ to beg 8 food f door to door4 ,x 0 n an easy task4 ,! fir/ "t1 :5 at ! end ( 8 r\nd he glanc$ at ! brok5 food 9 8 wallet1 he felt 8 c\rage fail him4 ,b ! ?\ght ( be+ s soon unfai?ful to ! sp\se to :om he _h plight$ 8 fai? made 8 blood run cold ) %ame & gave him /r5g? to eat rav5\sly4#bc ,ea* h\r1 s to speak1 br\ght to him a new /ruggle4 ,"o day he 0 go+ ?r\gh ! t[n begg+ = oil = ! lamps ( ,/4 ,damian1 :5 he arriv$ at a h\se :]e a banquet 0 go+ on2 ! great] numb] ( 8 =m] companions 7 !re1 s++ & danc+4 ,at ! s\nd ( ^? well-kn[n voices he felt z if he c\ld n ent]2 he ev5 turn$ away1 b v soon1 fill$ ) confusion by 8 own c[>dice1 he return$ quickly ^u 8 /eps1 made 8 way into ! banquet-hall1 & aft] confess+ 8 %ame1 put s mu* e>ne/ness & fire into 8 reque/ t e "o desir$ to co-op]ate 9 ?is pi\s "w4#bd ,8 bitt]e/ trial h[ev] 0 8 fa!r's ang]1 :i* rema9$ z viol5t z ev]4 ,al?\gh he _h r5\nc$ ,francis1 ,b]n>done's pride suff]$ none ! less at see+ 8 mode ( life1 & :5ev] he met 8 son he ov]:elm$ him ) reproa*es & mal$ictions4 ,! t5d] he>t ( ,francis 0 s wrung ) sorr[ t he resort$ to a sort ( /ratagem = *>m+ away ! spell ( ! pat]nal imprecations4 ,come ) me1 he said to a begg>2 be to me z a fa!r1 & ,i w give y a "p ( ! alms :i* ,i receive4 ,:5 y see ,b]n>done curse me1 if ,i say1 ',bless me1 my fa!r1' y mu/ sign me ) ! cross & bless me 9 8 /ead4#be ,8 bro!r 0 prom95t 9 ! front rank ( ^? :o h>ass$ him ) _! mock]ies4 ,"o w9t] morn+ !y met 9 a *ur*2 ,angelo lean$ ov] to a fri5d :o 0 ) him1 say+3 ,g1 ask ,francis to sell y a f>?+'s wor? ( 8 sweat4 ,no1 repli$ ! latt]1 :o ov]he>d4 ,i %all sell x mu* de>] to my ,god4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #abjh he f9i%$ ! re/oration ( ,/4 ,damian2 he _h be5 aid$ by all p ( good w1 sett+ ! example ( "w & above all ( joy1 *e]+ ev]ybody by 8 songs & 8 projects = ! future4 ,he spoke ) su* en?usiasm & contagi\s w>m? ( ! trans=mation ( 8 de> *apel1 ( ! grace :i* ,god w\ld accord to ^? :o %\ld come !re to pray1 t lat] on x 0 believ$ t he _h spok5 ( ,cl>a & h] holy maid5s :o 7 to retire to ?is place f\r ye>s lat]4#bf ,?is success soon inspir$ him ) ! idea ( repair+ ! o!r sanctu>ies 9 ! suburbs ( ,assisi4 ,^? :i* _h /ruck him by _! /ate ( decay 7 ,/4 ,pet] & ,santa ,m>ia1 ( ! ,portiuncula1 call$ also ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli4 ,! =m] is n o!rwise m5tion$ 9 8 biographies4#bg ,z to ! second1 x 0 to become ! true cradle ( ! ,franciscan movem5t4 ,?is *apel1 /ill /&+ at ! pres5t day aft] escap+ revolutions & e>?quakes1 is a true ,be!l1 "o ( ^? r>e spots 9 ! _w on :i* re/s ! my/ic ladd] :i* jo9s heav5 to e>?2 !re 7 dream$ "s ( ! noble/ dreams :i* h soo!d ! pa9s ( humanity4 ,x is n to ,assisi 9 its m>vell\s basilica t "o mu/ g to div9e & compreh5d ,/4 ,francis2 he mu/ turn 8 /eps to ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli at ! h\rs :5 ! /at$ pray]s cease1 at ! mom5t :5 ! ev5+ %ad[s l5g!n1 :5 all ! fripp]ies ( wor%ip disappe> 9 ! obscurity1 :5 all ! nation seems to collect itself to li/5 to ! *ime ( ! di/ant *ur* bells4 ,d\btless x 0 ,francis's plan to settle !re z a h]mit4 ,he dream$ ( pass+ 8 life !re 9 m$itation & sil5ce1 keep+ up ! little *ur* & f "t to "t invit+ a prie/ !re to say mass4 ,no?+ z yet sugge/$ to him t he 0 9 ! end to become a religi\s f\nd]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ aspects ( 8 life is 9 fact ! cont9ual developm5t reveal+ itself 9 him2 he is ( ! small numb] to :om to live is to be active1 & to be active to make progress4 ,!re is h>dly anyone1 except ,/4 ,paul1 9 :om is f\nd to ! same degree ! dev\r+ ne$ ( be+ always some?+ m1 always some?+ bett]1 & x is s beautiful 9 bo? ( !m only because x is absolutely in/9ctive4 ,:5 he began to re/ore ! ,portiuncula 8 projects h>dly w5t beyond a v n>r[ horizon2 he 0 prep>+ himself = a life ( p5it5ce r ?an a life ( activity4 ,b ^! works once f9i%$ x 0 impossible t ?is some:at selfi% & passive mann] ( a*iev+ 8 own salvation %\ld satisfy him long4 ,at ! memory ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o 8 he>t w\ld swell ) ov]p[]+ emotions1 & he w\ld melt into te>s )\t kn[+ :e!r !y 7 ( admiration1 pity1 or desire4#bh ,:5 ! repairs 7 f9i%$ m$itation occupi$ ! great] "p ( 8 days4 ,a ,b5$ict9e ( ! ,abbey ( ,mont ,subasio#bi came f "t to "t to say mass at ,santa ,m>ia2 ^! 7 ! bright h\rs ( ,/4 ,francis's life4 ,"o c imag9e ) :at pi\s c>e he prep>$ himself & ) :at fai? he li/5$ to ! div9e tea*+s4 ,"o day1 x 0 probably ,febru>y #bd1 #abji1 ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,mat?ias1 mass 0 be+ celebrat$ at ! ,portiuncula4#cj ,:5 ! prie/ turn$ t[>d him to read ! words ( ,jesus1 ,francis felt himself ov]p[]$ ) a pr(\nd agitation4 ,he no long] saw ! prie/2 x 0 ,jesus1 ! ,crucifi$ ,"o ( ,/4 ,damian1 :o 0 speak+3 ,:]ev] ye g1 prea*1 say+1 ',! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,heal ! sick1 cleanse ! lep]s1 ca/ out devils4 ,freely ye h receiv$1 freely give4 ,provide nei!r silv] nor gold nor brass 9 y\r purses1 nei!r scrip nor two coats1 nor %oes nor /aff1 = ! labor] is wor?y ( 8 meat4' ,^! words bur/ ^u him l a revelation1 l ! answ] ( ,heav5 to 8 sighs & anxieties4 ,?is is :at ,i want1 he cri$1 ?is is :at ,i 0 seek+2 f ?is day =? ,i %all set myself ) all my /r5g? to put x 9 practice4 ,imm$iately ?r[+ aside 8 /ick1 8 scrip1 8 purse1 8 %oes1 he det]m9$ imm$iately to obey1 obs]v+ to ! lett] ! precepts ( ! apo/olic life4 ,x is q possible t "s allegoriz+ t5d5cies h _h "s influ5ce ^u ?is n>rative4#ca ,! long /ruggle ?r\gh :i* ,francis pass$ be=e becom+ ! apo/le ( ! new times assur$ly came to a crisis 9 ! sc5e at ,portiuncula2 b we h already se5 h[ sl[ 0 ! int]ior travail :i* prep>$ = x4 ,! revelation ( ,francis 0 9 8 he>t2 ! sacr$ fire :i* he 0 to communicate to ! s\ls ( o!rs came f )9 8 own1 b ! be/ causes ne$ a /&>d4 ,be=e ! %abby alt> ( ! ,portiuncula he _h p]ceiv$ ! bann] ( pov]ty1 sacrifice1 & love1 he w\ld c>ry x to ! assault ( e =tress ( s92 "u its %ad[1 a true knight ( ,*ri/1 he w\ld m>%al all ! valiant w>riors ( a spiritual /rife4 ,,footnotes3 #a #c ,soc41 #bf4 #b #c ,soc41 #aj4 #c ,?is crucifix is pres]v$ 9 ! sacri/y ( ,santa ,*i>a1 :i!r ! si/]s c>ri$ x :5 !y left ,/4 ,damian4 #d ,opuscula ,b4 ,francisci1 ,oratio ,i4 #e #c ,soc41 #ac2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #f2 ,bon41 #ab2 #ae2 #af4 #f #c ,soc41 #ad4 #g ,?is incid5t is f\nd 9 ! n>rative ( #a ,cel41 #h3 ,ibi ex m v5ditis4 #h #a ,cel41 #h2 #c ,soc41 #af2 ,bon4 #af4 ,foligno is a ?ree h\rs' walk f ,assisi4 #i #a ,cel41 #i2 #c ,soc41 #af2 ,bon41 #f4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #efg4 #aj #a ,cel41 #aj2 #c ,soc41 #af2 ,bon41 #ag1 ,a4 ,,ss42 p4 #efh4 #aa #a ,cel41 #aa4 #ab #a ,cel41 #ab2 #c ,soc41 #ag2 ,bon41 #ah4 #ac #a ,cel41 #ac2 #c ,soc41 #ah4 #ad #a ,cel41 #ac4 ,x is possible t at ?is epo* he _h receiv$ ! less] ord]1 & t ?us he might be subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,*ur*4 #ae #c ,soc41 #ah & #ai2 #a ,cel41 #ad2 ,bon41 #ai4 #af ,f #abjd until aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,francis ! episcopal ?rone ( ,assisi 0 occupi$ by ,guido ,,ii4 ,vide ,cri/(ano1 #a1 #afi ff4 #ag ,piazza di ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore o del vescovado4 ,ev]y?+ has rema9$ pretty ne>ly 9 ! same /ate z 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #ah #a ,cel41 #ae2 #c ,soc41 #bj2 ,bon41 #bj4 #ai #c ,soc41 #af2 ,bon41 #ba4 #bj #a ,cel41 #af2 ,bon41 #ba4 ,! curi\s w read ) int]e/ an article by ,m4 ,mezzat9ti ^u ! j\rney to ,gubbio entitl$ ,s4 ,francesco e ,fr$]ico ,spadalunga da ,gubbio4 ,miscellanea1 t4 v41 pp4 #gf-gh4 ,?is ,spadalunga da ,gubbio 0 well able to give a g>m5t to ,francis1 b x is v possible t ! gift 0 made mu* lat] & t ?is solemn date 9 ! sa9t's life has be5 fix$ by an optical illusion1 almo/ inevitable because ( ! id5tity ( ! fact ) ! "n ( ! locality4 #ba #a ,cel41 #ag2 ,bon41 #aa2 #ac2 #ba2 #bb2 #c ,soc41 #aa2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ege4 #bb #a ,cel41 #ah2 #c ,soc41 #ba2 ,bon41 #bc4 #bc #c ,soc41 #bb2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #i4 #bd #c ,soc41 #bd2 #b ,cel41 #h2 ,spec41 #bd4 #be #c ,soc41 #bc2 #b ,cel41 #g4 #bf #c ,soc41 #bd2 ,te/am5t de ,claire1 ,wadd+1 ann4 #abec v4 #bg ,cel41 #ba2 ,bon41 #bd4 #bh #c ,soc41 #ad2 #b ,cel41 i41 #f4 #bi ,portiuncula 0 a dep5d5ce ( ?is abbey4 #cj ,?is is ! date adopt$ by ! ,boll&i/s1 because ! anci5t missals m>k ! p]icope1 ,matt4 x41 = ! gospel ( ?is day4 ,?is entails no difficulty & 9 any case x _c be v f> di/ant f ! tru?4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #egd4 #ca ,see 9 p>ticul> ,bon41 #be & #bf4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #egg;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,v ,,fir/ ,,ye> ,,( ,,apo/olate ,spr+ ( #abji-,summ] ( #abaj ,! v next morn+ ,francis w5t up to ,assisi & began to prea*4 ,8 words 7 simple1 b !y came s /raight f ! he>t t all :o he>d him 7 t\*$4 ,x is n easy to he> & apply to "o's self ! exhortations ( prea*]s :o1 al(t 9 ! pulpit1 seem to be c>ry+ out a m]e =mality2 x is j z difficult to escape f ! appeals ( a layman :o walks at our side4 ,! amaz+ multitude ( ,prote/ant sects is due 9 a great degree to ?is sup]iority ( lay prea*+ ov] cl]ical4 ,! mo/ brilliant orators ( ! ,*ri/ian pulpit are bad conv]t]s2 _! eloqu5t appeals may captivate ! imag9ation & lead a few m5 ( ! _w to ! foot ( ! alt>1 b ^! results are n m brilliant ?an ephem]al4 ,b let a peasant or a work+man speak to ^? :om he meets a few simple words go+ directly to ! consci5ce1 & ! man is always impress$1 (t5 won4 ,?us ! words ( ,francis seem$ to 8 he>]s l a flam+ sword p5etrat+ to ! v dep?s ( _! consci5ce4 ,8 fir/ attempts 7 ! simple/ possible2 9 g5]al !y 7 m]ely a few words address$ to m5 :om he knew well en\gh to recognize _! weak po9ts & /rike at !m ) ! holy boldness ( love4 ,8 p]son1 8 example1 7 !mselves a s]mon1 & he spoke only ( t :i* he _h himself exp]i5c$1 proclaim+ rep5tance1 ! %ortness ( life1 a future retribution1 ! necessity ( arriv+ at gospel p]fection4#a ,x is n easy to realize h[ _m wait+ s\ls !re are 9 ?is _w4 ,! great] numb] ( m5 pass ?r\gh life ) s\ls asleep4 ,!y are l virg9s ( ! sanctu>y :o sometimes feel a vague agitation2 _! he>ts ?rob ) an inf9itely sweet & subtile ?rill1 b _! eyelids droop2 aga9 !y feel ! damp cold ( ! cloi/] creep+ ov] !m2 ! delici\s b baneful dream vani%es2 & ?is is all !y ev] "k ( t love :i* is /rong] ?an dea?4 ,x is ?us ) _m m5 = all t belongs to ! high] life4 ,sometimes1 alone 9 ! wide pla9 at ! h\r ( twilight1 !y fix _! eyes on ! fad+ lights ( ! horizon1 & on ! ev5+ breeze comes to !m ano!r brea?1 m di/ant1 fa9t]1 & almo/ heav5ly1 awak+ 9 !m a no/algia = ! _w beyond & = hol9ess4 ,b ! d>kness falls1 !y mu/ g back to _! homes2 !y %ake (f _! rev]ie2 & x (t5 happ5s t to ! v end ( life ?is is _! only glimpse ( ! ,div9e2 a few sighs1 a few ?rills1 a few in>ticulate murmurs--?is sums up all our ef=ts to atta9 to ! sov]eign good4 ,yet ! in/9ct = love & = ! div9e is only slumb]+4 ,at ! sight ( beauty love always awakes2 at ! appeal ( hol9ess ! div9e witness )9 u at once responds2 & s we see1 /ream+ f all po9ts ( ! horizon to ga!r ar\nd ^? :o prea* 9 ! "n ( ! inw>d voice1 long processions ( s\ls a?ir/ = ! ideal4 ,! human he>t s naturally ye>ns to (f] itself up1 t we h only to meet along our pa?way "s "o :o1 d\bt+ nei!r himself nor u1 dem&s x )\t res]ve1 & we yield x to him at once4 ,reason may und]/& a p>tial gift1 a transi5t devotion2 ! he>t kn[s only ! entire sacrifice1 & l ! lov] to 8 belov$1 x says to its vanqui%]1 ,?9e alone & =ev]4 ,t :i* has caus$ ! mis]able failure ( all ! ef=ts ( natural religion is t its f\nd]s h n _h ! c\rage to lay hold ^u ! he>ts ( m51 cons5t+ to no p>tition4 ,!y h n und]/ood ! imp]i\s desire = immolation :i* lies 9 ! dep?s ( e s\l1 & s\ls h tak5 _! rev5ge 9 n he$+ ^! too lukew>m lov]s4 ,francis _h giv5 himself up too completely n to claim f o!rs an absolute self-r5unciation4 ,9 ! two ye>s & m s9ce he _h quitt$ ! _w1 ! reality & dep? ( 8 conv]sion _h %one out 9 ! sight ( all2 to ! sc(f+s ( ! e>ly days _h gradually succe$$ 9 ! m9ds ( _m a feel+ closely ak9 to admiration4 ,?is feel+ inevitably provokes imitation4 ,a man ( ,assisi1 h>dly m5tion$ by ! biograph]s1 _h atta*$ himself to ,francis4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? simple-he>t$ m5 :o f9d life beautiful en\gh s long z !y c be ) him :o has k9dl$ ! div9e sp>k#b 9 _! he>ts4 ,8 arrival at ,portiuncula gave ,francis a sugge/ion2 f t "t he dream$ ( ! possibility ( br++ toge!r a few companions ) :om he c\ld c>ry on 8 apo/olic mission 9 ! neighborhood4 ,at ,assisi he _h (t5 enjoy$ ! hospitality ( a ri* & prom95t man nam$ ,b]n>do di ,qu9tavalle1#c :o took him to sleep 9 8 own *amb]2 x is easy to see h[ su* an intimacy w\ld favor confid5tial outp\r+s4 ,:5 9 ! sil5ce ( ! e>ly night an ard5t & en?usia/ic s\l p\rs out to y its disappo9tm5ts1 w\nds1 dreams1 hopes1 fai?1 x is difficult inde$ n to be c>ri$ along1 especially :5 ! apo/le has a secret ally 9 y\r s\l1 & unconsci\sly meets y\r mo/ secret aspirations4 ,"o day ,b]n>do begg$ ,francis to pass ! foll[+ night ) him1 at ! same "t giv+ him to und]/& t he 0 ab\t to make a grave resolution ^u :i* he desir$ to consult him4 ,! joy ( ,francis 0 great inde$ z he div9$ 8 int5tions4 ,!y pass$ ! night )\t ?9k+ ( sleep2 x 0 a long communion ( s\ls4 ,b]n>do _h decid$ to di/ribute 8 goods to ! poor & ca/ 9 8 lot ) ,francis4 ,! latt] desir$ 8 fri5d to pass ?r\gh a sort ( initiation1 po9t+ out to him t :at he himself practis$1 :at he prea*$1 0 n 8 own inv5tion1 b t ,jesus himself _h expressly orda9$ x 9 8 ^w4 ,at e>ly dawn !y b5t _! /eps to ! ,/4 ,ni*olas ,*ur*1 accompani$ by ano!r neophyte nam$ ,pietro1 & !re1 aft] pray+ & he>+ mass1 ,francis op5$ ! ,gospels t lay on ! alt> & read to 8 companions ! portion :i* _h decid$ 8 own vocation3 ! words ( ,jesus s5d+ =? 8 disciples on _! mission4 ,bre?r51 he add$1 ?is is our life & our ,rule1 & t ( all :o may jo9 u4 ,g !n & d z y h he>d4#d ,! p]si/5ce ) :i* ! ,?ree ,companions relate t ,francis consult$ ! book ?ree times 9 honor ( ! ,tr9ity1 & t x op5$ ( its own accord at ! v]ses describ+ ! apo/olic life1 leads to ! belief t ^! passages became ! ,rule ( ! new association1 if n t v day at lea/ v soon aft]w>d4 ,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g1 sell t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 heav51 & come & foll[ me4 ,jesus hav+ call$ to him ! ,twelve1 gave !m p[] & au?ority ov] all devils & to cure diseases4 ,& he s5t !m to prea* ! k+dom ( ,god & to heal ! sick4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,take no?+ = y\r j\rney1 nei!r /aves1 nor scrip1 nei!r bread1 nei!r money2 nei!r h two coats apiece4 ,& :atsoev] h\se ye ent] into1 !re abide1 & !nce dep>t4 ,& :osoev] w n receive y1 :5 ye g out ( t city %ake (f ! v du/ f y\r feet = a te/imony aga9/ !m4 ,& !y dep>t$ & w5t ?r\gh ! t[ns1 prea*+ ! gospel & heal+ ev]y:]e4 ,!n said ,jesus unto 8 disciples1 ,if any man w come aft] me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross & foll[ me4 ,= :osoev] w save 8 life %all lose x1 & :osoev] w lose 8 life = my sake %all f9d x4 ,= :at is a man pr(it$ if he %all ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8#e ,at fir/ ^! v]ses 7 h>dly m ?an ! (ficial ,rule ( ! ,ord]2 ! true ,rule 0 ,francis himself2 b !y _h ! great m]it ( be+ %ort1 absolute1 ( promis+ p]fection1 & ( be+ tak5 f ! ,gospel4 ,b]n>do imm$iately set to "w to di/ribute 8 =tune among ! poor4 ,full ( joy1 8 fri5d 0 look+ on at ?is act1 :i* _h drawn toge!r a cr[d1 :5 a prie/ nam$ ,sylve/]1 :o _h =m]ly sold him "s /ones = ! repairs ( ,/4 ,damian1 see+ s mu* money giv5 away to ev]yone :o appli$ = x1 drew ne> & said3 ,bro!r1 y did n pay me v well = ! /ones :i* y b\ght ( me4 ,francis _h too ?or\ghly kill$ e g]m ( av>ice 9 himself n to be mov$ to indignation by he>+ a prie/ speak ?us4 ,"h1 he said1 hold+ out to him a d\ble h&ful ( co9s :i* he took f ,b]n>do's robe1 "h2 are y suffici5tly paid n[8 ,q s1 repli$ ,sylve/]1 some:at aba%$ by ! murmurs ( ! by/&]s4#f ,?is picture1 9 :i* ! *>act]s /& out s /rongly1 mu/ h tak5 /rong hold ^u ! memory ( ! by/&]s3 ! ,italians only ?or\ghly und]/& ?+s :i* !y make a picture (4 ,x taught !m1 bett] ?an all ,francis's prea*+s1 :at mann] ( m5 ^! new fri>s w\ld be4 ,! di/ribution f9i%$1 !y w5t at once to ,portiuncula1 :]e ,b]n>do & ,pietro built = !mselves cab9s ( b\ghs1 & made !mselves tunics l t ( ,francis4 ,!y did n diff] mu* f ! g>m5t worn by ! peasants1 & 7 ( t br[n1 ) its inf9ite v>iety ( %ades1 :i* ! ,italians call bea/ color4 ,"o f9ds simil> g>m5ts to-day among ! %eph]ds ( ! mo/ remote p>ts ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,a week lat]1 ,?ursday1 ,april #bc1 #abji1g a new disciple ( ! "n ( ,egidio pres5t$ himself be=e ,francis4 ,( a g5tle & submissive nature1 he 0 ( ^? :o ne$ to lean on someone1 b :o1 ! ne$$ support hav+ be5 f\nd & te/$1 lift !mselves sometimes ev5 above x4 ,! pure s\l ( bro!r ,egidio1 support$ by t ( ,francis1 came to enjoy ! intoxicat+ delights ( contemplation ) an unhe>d-( ardor4#h ,"h we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ =c+ ! au?orities1 & ask+ ( !m m ?an !y c give4 ,lat]1 :5 ! ,ord] 0 def9itely con/itut$ & its conv5ts organiz$1 m5 fanci$ t ! pa/ _h be5 l ! pres5t1 & ?is error /ill weighs ^u ! picture ( ! orig9s ( ! ,franciscan movem5t4 ,! fir/ bro!rs liv$ z did ! poor p among :om !y s will+ly mov$2 ,portiuncula 0 _! favorite *ur*1 b x w\ld be a mi/ake to suppose t !y soj\rn$ !re = any long p]iods4 ,x 0 _! place ( meet+1 no?+ m4 ,:5 !y set =? !y simply knew t !y %\ld meet aga9 9 ! neighborhood ( ! mode/ *apel4 ,_! life 0 t ( ! ,umbrian begg>s ( ! pres5t day1 go+ "h & !re z fancy dictat$1 sleep+ 9 hay-l(ts1 9 lep] hospitals1 or "u ! por* ( "s *ur*4 ,s little _h !y any fix$ domicile t ,egidio1 hav+ decid$ to jo9 !m1 0 at consid]able tr\ble to le>n :]e to f9d ,francis1 & accid5tally meet+ him 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rivo-,torto#i he saw 9 ! fact a provid5tial lead+4 ,!y w5t up & d[n ! c\ntry1 joyfully s[+ _! se$4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( summ]1 ! "t :5 ev]ybody 9 ,umbria is out ( doors m[+ or turn+ ! grass4 ,! cu/oms ( ! c\ntry h *ang$ b little4 ,walk+ 9 ! end ( ,may 9 ! fields ab\t ,flor5ce1 ,p]ugia1 or ,rieti1 "o /ill sees1 at nightfall1 ! bagpip]s ent]+ ! fields z ! m[]s seat !mselves ^u ! hay-cocks = _! ev5+ meal2 !y play a few pieces1 & :5 ! tra9 ( haymak]s returns to ! village1 foll[$ by ! h>ve/-lad5 c>ts1 x is !y :o lead ! procession1 r5d+ ! air ) _! %>pe/ /ra9s4 ,! joy\s ,p5it5ts :o lov$ to call !mselves ,joculatores ,dom9i1 ,god's jongleurs1 no d\bt (t5 did ! same4#aj ,!y did ev5 bett]1 = n will+ to be a *>ge to anyone1 !y pass$ a "p ( ! day 9 aid+ ! peasants 9 _! field "w4#aa ,! inhabitants ( ^! di/ricts are = ! mo/ "p k9dly & s$ate2 ! fri>s soon ga9$ _! confid5ce by relat+ to !m fir/ _! hi/ory & !n _! hopes4 ,!y work$ & ate toge!r2 field-h&s & fri>s (t5 slept 9 ! same b>n1 & :5 ) ! morr['s dawn ! fri>s w5t on _! way1 ! he>ts ( ^? !y left beh9d _h be5 t\*$4 ,!y 7 n yet conv]t$1 b !y knew t n f> away1 ov] t[>d ,assisi1 7 liv+ m5 :o _h r5\nc$ all worldly goods1 & :o1 consum$ ) zeal1 7 go+ up & d[n prea*+ p5it5ce & peace4 ,_! reception 0 v diff]5t 9 ! cities4 ,if ! peasant ( ,c5tral ,italy is mild & k9dly ! t[nsfolk are on a fir/ acqua9tance sc(f+ & ill dispos$4 ,we %all %ortly see ! fri>s :o w5t to ,flor5ce ! butt ( all sorts ( p]secutions4 ,only a few weeks _h pass$ s9ce ,francis began to prea*1 & already 8 words & acts 7 s\nd+ an irresi/ible appeal 9 ! dep?s ( _m a he>t4 ,we h arriv$ at ! mo/ unique & int]e/+ p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,franciscans4 ,^! fir/ mon?s are = _! in/itution :at ! fir/ days ( spr+ are = nature1 days :5 ! almond-tree blossoms1 be>+ witness to ! my/]i\s labor go+ on 9 ! womb ( ! e>?1 & h]ald+ ! fl[]s t w sudd5ly enamel ! fields4 ,at ! sight ( ^! m5--b>e foot$1 scantily clo!d1 )\t money1 & yet s happy--m5's m9ds 7 mu* divid$4 ,"s held !m to be mad1 o!rs admir$ !m1 f9d+ !m widely diff]5t f ! vagrant monks1#ab t plague ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! fri>s f\nd success n respond+ to _! ef=ts1 ! conv]sion ( s\ls n tak+ =m ) en\gh rapidity & vigor4 ,to enc\rage !m1 ,francis w\ld !n confide to !m 8 visions & 8 hopes4 ,i saw a multitude ( m5 com+ t[>d u1 ask+ t !y might receive ! habit ( our holy religion1 & lo1 ! s\nd ( _! foot/eps /ill e*oes 9 my e>s4 ,i saw !m com+ f e direction1 fill+ all ! roads4 ,:atev] ! biographies may say1 ,francis 0 f> f =esee+ ! sorr[s t 7 to foll[ ?is rapid increase ( 8 ,ord]4 ,! maid5 lean+ ) trembl+ rapture on h] lov]'s arm no m dreams ( ! pangs ( mo!rhood ?an he ?\ght ( ! dregs he mu/ dra9 aft] quaff+ joyfully ! g5]\s w9e ( ! *alice4#ac ,e prosp]\s movem5t provokes opposition by ! v fact ( its prosp]ity4 ,! h]bs ( ! field h _! own language = curs+ ! long]-liv$ plants t smo!r !m out2 "o c h>dly live )\t ar\s+ jeal\sy2 9 va9 ! new frat]nity %[$ itself humble1 x c\ld n escape ?is law4 ,:5 ! bre?r5 w5t up to ,assisi to beg f door to door1 _m refus$ to give to !m1 reproa*+ !m ) desir+ to live on ! goods ( o!rs aft] hav+ squ&]$ _! own4 ,_m a "t !y _h b>ely en\gh n to />ve to dea?4 ,x w\ld ev5 seem t ! cl]gy 7 n entirely )\t "p 9 ?is opposition4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,assisi said to ,francis "o day3 ,y\r way ( liv+ )\t own+ any?+ seems to me v h>% & difficult4 ,my "l1 repli$ he1 if we possess$ prop]ty we %\ld h ne$ ( arms = its def5ce1 = x is ! s\rce ( qu>rels & lawsuits1 & ! love ( ,god & ( "o's neighbor usually f9ds _m ob/acles !re92 ?is is :y we d n desire temporal goods4#ad ,! argum5t 0 unansw]able1 b ,guido began to rue ! enc\ragem5t :i* he _h =m]ly (f]$ ! son ( ,b]n>done4 ,he 0 v ne>ly 9 ! situation & consequ5tly 9 ! /ate ( m9d ( ! ,anglican bi%ops :5 !y saw ! organiz+ ( ! ,salvation ,army4 ,x 0 n exactly ho/ility1 b a di/ru/ :i* 0 all ! deep] = h>dly d>+ to %[ itself4 ,! only c\nsel :i* ! bi%op c\ld give ,francis 0 to come into ! ranks ( ! cl]gy1 or1 if asceticism attract$ him1 to jo9 "s already exi/+ mona/ic ord]4#ae ,if ! bi%op's p]plexities 7 great1 ^? ( ,francis 7 h>dly less s4 ,he 0 too acute n to =esee ! conflict t ?reat5$ to break out betwe5 ! fri>s & ! cl]gy4 ,he saw t ! enemies ( ! prie/s prais$ him & 8 companions beyond measure simply to set (f _! pov]ty aga9/ ! av>ice & weal? ( ! ecclesia/ics1 yet he felt himself urg$ on f )9 to cont9ue 8 "w1 & c\ld well h exclaim$ ) ! apo/le1 ,woe is me if ,i prea* n ! gospel6 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! families ( ! ,p5it5ts c\ld n =give !m = hav+ di/ribut$ _! goods among ! poor1 & attacks came f ?is direction ) all ! bitt] language & ! deep hatr$ natural to disappo9t$ heirs4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! bro!rhood appe>$ z a m5ace to families1 & _m p>5ts trembl$ le/ _! sons %\ld jo9 x4 ,:e!r ! fri>s w\ld or no1 !y 7 an un5d+ subject ( int]e/ to ! :ole city4 ,evil rumors1 pl5tifully spread abroad aga9/ !m1 simply defeat$ !mselves2 fly+ f m\? to m\? !y spe$ily f\nd contradictors :o _h no difficulty 9 %[+ _! absurdity4 ,all ?is indirectly s]v$ _! cause & ga9$ to _! side ^? he>ts1 m num]\s ?an is g5]ally believ$1 :o f9d ! def5ce ( ! p]secut$ a necessity4 ,z to ! cl]gy1 !y c\ld n b feel a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( ^! lay conv]t]s1 :o1 ?\gh !y ar\s$ ! hatr$ ( "s int]e/$ p]sons1 awak5$ 9 m pi\s s\ls fir/ a/oni%m5t & !n admiration4 ,sudd5ly to see m5 )\t title or diploma succe$ brilliantly 9 ! mission :i* has be5 (ficially confid$ to ourselves1 & 9 :i* we h made pitiful %ipwreck1 is cruel torture4 ,h we n se5 g5]als :o pref]r$ to lose a battle r ?an ga9 x ) ! aid ( gu]rillas8 ,?is cov]t opposition has left no *>act]i/ic traces 9 ! biographies ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at2 ,?omas ( ,celano1 ev5 if he _h _h in=mation ( ?is matt]1 w\ld h be5 want+ 9 tact to make use ( x4 ,! cl]gy1 = t matt]1 possess a ?\s& means ( work+ ^u public op9ion )\t ceas+ to %[ a religi\s int]e/ 9 ^? :om !y dete/4 ,b ! m ,/4 ,francis %all f9d himself 9 contradiction ) ! cl]gy ( 8 "t1 ! m he w believe himself ! ob$i5t son ( ! ,*ur*4 ,conf\nd+ ! gospel ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*1 he w = a good :ile bord] ^u h]esy1 b )\t ev] fall+ into x4 ,happy simplicity1 ?anks to :i* he _h nev] to take ! attitude ( revolt6 ,x 0 five ye>s s9ce1 a convalesc5t lean+ ^u 8 /aff1 he _h felt himself tak5 possession ( by a loa?+ ( mat]ial pleasures4 ,f t "t e "o ( 8 days _h be5 m>k$ by a /ep 9 advance4 ,x 0 aga9 ! spr+-"t4 ,p]fectly happy1 he felt himself m & m impell$ to br+ o!rs to %>e 8 happ9ess & to proclaim 9 ! f\r corn]s ( ! _w h[ he _h atta9$ x4 ,he resolv$1 !re=e1 to und]take a new mission4 ,a few days 7 sp5t 9 prep>+ = x4 ,! ,?ree ,companions h pres]v$ = u ! directions :i* he gave to 8 disciples3 ,let u consid] t ,god 9 8 goodness has n call$ u m]ely = our own salvation1 b also = t ( _m m51 t we may g ?r\gh all ! _w exhort+ m51 m by our example ?an by our words1 to rep5t ( _! s9s & be> ! comm&m5ts 9 m9d4 ,be n fe>ful on ! gr\nd t we appe> little & ignorant1 b simply & )\t disquietude prea* rep5tance4 ,h fai? 9 ,god1 :o has ov]come ! _w1 t 8 ,_s w speak 9 y & by y1 exhort+ m5 to be conv]t$ & keep 8 comm&m5ts4 ,y w f9d m5 full ( fai?1 g5tl5ess1 & goodness1 :o w receive y & y\r words ) joy2 b y w f9d o!rs1 & 9 great] numb]s1 fai?less1 pr\d1 blasphem]s1 :o w speak evil ( y1 resi/+ y & y\r words4 ,be resolute1 !n1 to endure ev]y?+ ) pati5ce & humility4 ,he>+ ?is1 ! bre?r5 began to be agitat$4 ,/4 ,francis said to !m3 ,h no fe>1 = v soon _m nobles & le>n$ m5 w come to y2 !y w be ) y prea*+ to k+s & pr9ces & to a multitude ( peoples4 ,_m w be conv]t$ to ! ,"l1 all ov] ! _w1 :o w multiply & increase 8 family4 ,aft] he _h ?us spok5 he bless$ !m1 say+ to ea* "o ! ^w :i* 0 9 ! future to be 8 supreme consolation3 ,my bro!r1 commit y\rself to ,god ) all y\r c>es1 & he w c>e = y4 ,!n ! m5 ( ,god dep>t$1 fai?fully obs]v+ 8 in/ructions1 & :5 !y f\nd a *ur* or a cross !y b[$ 9 adoration1 say+ ) devotion1 ,we adore !e1 ,o ,*ri/1 & we bless !e "h & 9 all *ur*es 9 ! :ole _w1 = by ?y holy cross ?\ ha/ ransom$ ! _w4 ,9 fact !y believ$ t !y _h f\nd a holy place :]ev] !y f\nd a *ur* or a cross4 ,"s li/5$ will+ly1 o!rs sc(f$1 ! great] numb] ov]:elm$ !m ) que/ions4 ,:5ce come y8 ,( :at ord] are y8 ,& !y1 ?\gh sometimes x 0 we>isome to answ]1 said simply1 ,we are p5it5ts1 natives ( ! city ( ,assisi4#af ,?is fre%ness & poetry w n be f\nd 9 ! lat] missions4 ,"h ! riv] is /ill itself1 & if x kn[s t[>d :at sea x is ha/5+1 x kn[s no?+ ( ! /reams1 m or less turbid1 :i* %all di/urb its limpidity1 nor ! dykes & ! /raight5+s to :i* x w h to submit4 ,a long acc\nt by ! ,?ree ,companions gives u a picture f life ( ^! fir/ essays at prea*+3 ,_m m5 took ! fri>s = knaves or madm5 & refus$ to receive !m into _! h\ses = fe> ( be+ robb$4 ,s 9 _m places1 aft] hav+ und]gone all sorts ( bad usage1 !y c\ld f9d no o!r refuge = ! night ?an ! porticos ( *ur*es or h\ses4 ,!re 7 at t "t two bre?r5 :o w5t to ,flor5ce4 ,!y begg$ all ?r\gh ! city b c\ld f9d no %elt]4 ,com+ to a h\se :i* _h a portico & "u ! portico a b5*1 !y said to "o ano!r1 ,we %all be v com=table "h = ! night4 ,z ! mi/ress ( ! h\se refus$ to let !m ent]1 !y humbly ask$ h] p]mission to sleep ^u ! b5*4 ,%e 0 ab\t to grant !m p]mission :5 h] husb& appe>$4 ,:y h y p]mitt$ ^! lewd fell[s to /ay "u our portico8 he ask$4 ,! woman repli$ t %e _h refus$ to receive !m into ! h\se1 b _h giv5 !m p]mission to sleep "u ! portico :]e !re 0 no?+ = !m to /eal b ! b5*4 ,! cold 0 v %>p2 b tak+ !m = ?ieves no "o gave !m any cov]+4 ,z = !m1 aft] hav+ enjoy$ on _! b5* no m sleep ?an 0 necess>y1 w>m$ only by div9e w>m?1 & hav+ = cov]+ only _! ,lady ,pov]ty1 9 ! e>ly dawn !y w5t to ! *ur* to he> mass4 ,! lady w5t also on h] "p1 & see+ ! fri>s dev\tly pray+ %e said to h]self3 ,if ^! m5 7 rascals & ?ieves z my husb& said1 !y w\ld n rema9 ?us 9 pray]4 ,& :ile %e 0 mak+ ^! reflections behold a man ( ! "n ( ,guido 0 giv+ alms to ! poor 9 ! *ur*4 ,com+ to ! fri>s he w\ld h giv5 a piece ( money to !m z to ! o!rs1 b !y refus$ 8 money & w\ld n receive x4 ,:y1 he ask$1 s9ce y are poor1 w y n accept l ! o!rs8 ,x is true t we are poor1 repli$ ,bro!r ,b]n>do1 b pov]ty does n weigh ^u u z ^u o!r poor p2 = by ! grace ( ,god1 ^: w we are accompli%+1 we h volunt>ily become poor4 ,mu* amaz$1 he ask$ !m if !y _h ev] _h any?+1 & le>n$ t !y _h possess$ mu*1 b t = ! love ( ,god !y _h giv5 ev]y?+ away4444 ,! lady1 see+ t ! fri>s _h refus$ ! alms1 drew ne> to !m & said t %e w\ld gladly receive !m into h] h\se if !y w\ld be pleas$ to lodge !re4 ,may ! ,"l recomp5se to y y\r good w1 repli$ ! fri>s1 humbly4 ,b ,guido1 le>n+ t !y _h n be5 able to f9d a %elt]1 took !m to 8 own h\se1 say+1 ,"h is a refuge prep>$ = y by ! ,"l2 rema9 9 x z long z y desire4 ,z = !m1 !y gave ?anks to ,god & sp5t sev]al days ) him1 prea*+ ! fe> ( ! ,"l by ^w & example1 s t 9 ! end he made l>ge di/ributions to ! poor4 ,well treat$ by him1 !y 7 despis$ by o!rs4 ,_m m51 great & small1 attack$ & insult$ !m1 sometimes go+ s f> z to te> (f _! clo?+2 b ?\gh despoil$ ( _! only tunic1 !y w\ld n ask = its re/itution4 ,if1 mov$ to pity1 m5 gave back to !m :at !y _h tak5 away1 !y accept$ x *e]fully4 ,!re 7 ^? :o ?rew mud ^u !m1 o!rs :o put dice into _! h&s & invit$ !m to play1 & o!rs clut*+ !m by ! c[l made !m drag !m along ?us4 ,b see+ t ! fri>s 7 always full ( joy 9 ! mid/ ( _! tribulations1 t !y nei!r receiv$ nor c>ri$ money1 & t by _! love = "o ano!r !y made !mselves kn[n z true disciples ( ! ,"l1 _m ( !m felt !mselves reprov$ 9 _! he>ts & came ask+ p>don = ! (f5ces :i* !y _h committ$4 ,!y1 p>don+ !m ) all _! he>t1 said1 ,! ,"l =give y1 & gave !m pi\s c\nsels = ! salvation ( _! s\ls4 ,a translation c b imp]fectly give all ! repress$ emotion1 ! c&id simplicity1 ! mode/ joy1 ! f]v5t love :i* brea! 9 ! faulty ,lat9 ( ! ,?ree ,companions4 ,yet ^! scatt]$ fri>s sigh$ aft] ! home-com+ & ! long conv]sations ) _! spiritual fa!r 9 ! tranquil =e/s ( ! suburbs ( ,assisi4 ,fri5d%ip among m51 :5 x ov]passes a c]ta9 limit1 has some?+ deep1 high1 ideal1 inf9itely sweet1 to :i* no o!r fri5d%ip atta9s4 ,!re 0 no woman 9 ! ,upp] ,*amb] :51 on ! la/ ev5+ ( 8 life1 ,jesus commun$ ) 8 disciples & invit$ ! _w to ! et]nal m>riage supp]4 ,francis1 above all1 0 impati5t to see 8 "y family once m4 ,!y all arriv$ at ,portiuncula almo/ at ! same "t1 hav+ already1 be=e rea*+ x1 =gott5 ! torm5ts !y _h endur$1 ?9k+ only ( ! joy ( ! meet+4#ag ,,footnotes3 #a #a ,cel41 #bc2 #c ,soc41 #be & #bf2 ,bon41 #bg4 ,cf4 ,auct4 ,vit4 ,sec4 ap41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #egi4 #b #a ,cel41 #bd4 ,we mu/ correct ! ,boll&i/ text3 ,int] quos quidam de ,assisio pu] ac simplicem animum g]5s1 by3 quidam de ,assisio pium ac simplicem1 etc4 ,! p]iod at :i* we h arriv$ is v cle> z a :ole3 ! picture :i* ! ,?ree ,companions give u is true ) a tru? :i* =ces conviction at fir/ sight2 b nei!r !y nor ,celano are giv+ an (ficial report4 ,lat] on m5 desir$ to "k precisely 9 :at ord] ! e>ly disciples came1 & !y tortur$ ! texts to f9d an answ]4 ,! same c\rse 0 foll[$ ) reg>d to ! fir/ mission>y j\rneys4 ,b on bo? sides !y came up aga9/ impossibilities & contradictions4 ,:at does x matt] :e!r !re 7 two1 ?ree1 or f\r missions be=e ! papal approbation8 ,( :at consequ5ce are ! names ( ^? e>ly disciples :o are entirely second>y 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,franciscan movem5t8 ,all ^! ?+s took place ) mu* m simplicity & spontaneity ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! plan ( a h\se drawn up by an ar*itect & a view ( ! same h\se pa9t$ by an arti/4 ,! second1 ?\gh ab\nd+ 9 inexactitudes1 gives a m j notion ( ! reality ?an ! plan4 ,! same is true ( ! ,franciscan biographies4 #c #a ,cel41 #bd4 ,b]n>d de ,besse is ! fir/ to call him ,b4 di ,qu9tavalle3 ,de laudibus1 fo4 #ie h42 cf4 ^u him ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 i41 second "p1 pp4 #fh-gj2 ,con=m41 #dg2 ,fior41 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #bh2 #c ,soc41 #bg1 #cj1 #ci2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #aj2 #b1 #ai2 ,bon41 #bh2 #a ,cel41 #cj2 ,salimb5i1 ann4 #abbi1 & ,tribul4 ,ar*41 ii41 p4 #bgh1 etc4 #d #a ,cel41 #bd2 #c ,soc41 #bg1 #bh1 #bi2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #aj2 #c1 #eb2 ,bon41 #bh2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ehj4 ,x is evid5t t ! tradition has be5 work$ ov] "h3 x soon came to be desir$ to f9d a miracle 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,francis f\nd ! passage = read+4 ,! ,/4 ,ni*olas ,*ur* is no long] 9 exi/5ce2 x /ood ^u ! piece ( gr\nd n[ occupi$ by ! b>racks ( ! g5d>m]ie 7c>ab9i]i reali74 #e ,matt41 xix41 #ba2 ,luke1 ix41 #a-f2 ,matt41 xvi41 #bd-bf4 ,! agreem5t ( tradition ^u ^! passages is complete4 #c ,soc41 #bi2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #aj2 ,bon41 #bh2 ,spec41 #e;b42 ,con=m41 #cg;b4 #b1 #dg;a4 #b2 ,fior41 #b2 ,glassb]g] & ! ,*ronicle ( ! xxiv4 g5]als rev]s+ ! ord] 7,analecta1 fr41 t4 ii41 p4 #e7 z well z ! ,con=mities 9 ano!r place1 #hg;b1 #b4 #f #c ,soc41 #cj4 ,cf4 ,anon4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eha;a4 ,?is sc5e is report$ nei!r by ,celano nor by ,/4 ,bonav5tura4 #g ,?is date is giv5 9 ! life ( ,bro!r ,egidio2 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,oct41 t4 ii41 p4 #egb2 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bbj4 ,x fits well ) ! acc\nts4 ,?r\gh x we obta9 ! approximate date ( ! def9itive conv]sion ( ,francis two full ye>s e>li]4 #h #a ,cel41 #be2 #c ,soc41 #bc2 ,bon4 #bi4 ,cf4 ,anon4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ehb1 & ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bbj ff4 #i ,spec41 #be;a3 ,qualit] dixit fratri ,egidio priusquam esset receptus ut d>et mantellum ciudam paup]i4 ,9 primordio religionis cum man]et apud ,regum ,tortum cum duobus fratribus quos tunc tantum habehat4 ,if we comp>e ?is passage ) #c ,soc41 #dd1 we %all d\btless arrive at ! conclusion t ! acc\nt 9 ! ,speculum is m satisfactory4 ,x is 9 fact v easy to und]/& ! optical illusion by :i* lat] on ! ,portiuncula 0 made ! sc5e ( ! great] numb] ( ! ev5ts ( ,/4 ,francis's life1 :ile x w\ld be difficult to see :y !re %\ld h be5 any attempt to surr\nd ,rivo-,torto ) an aureola4 ,! ,fioretti say3 ,&o inv]so lo sp$ale dei lebbrosi1 :i* confirms ! indication ( ,rivo-,torto4 ,vita d' ,egidio1 ,sec4 #a4 #aj ,an4 ,p]us1 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ehb4 ,cf4 ,fior41 ,vita di ,egidio1 #a2 ,spec41 #abd1 #acf2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fh2 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bbg4 #aa ,spec41 #cd;a2 ,con=m41 #bai;b1 #a2 ,ant4 fr41 p4 #if4 #ab ,! ,gyrovagi4 ,tr4 #ac #c ,soc4 #cb-cd2 #a ,cel41 #bg & #bh2 ,bon41 #ca4 #ad #c ,soc41 #ce4 ,cf4 ,anon4 ,p]us42 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ehd4 #ae ,lat] on1 naturally1 x 0 desir$ t ,francis %\ld h _h no bett] support] ?an ,guido2 "s h ev5 made him out to be 8 spiritual director 7,/4 ,francois1 ,plon1 p4 #bd76 ,we h an indirect b unexceptionable pro( ( ! res]ve ) :i* ^! pi\s traditions mu/ be accept$2 ,francis did n ev5 tell 8 bi%op 7pat] et dom9us anim>um1 #c ,soc41 #bi7 ( 8 design ( hav+ 8 ,rule approv$ by ! pope4 ,?is is ! m /rik+ because ! bi%op w\ld h be5 8 natural advocate at ! c\rt ( ,rome1 & because 9 ! abs5ce ( any o!r reason ! mo/ elem5t>y polit5ess requir$ t he %\ld h be5 in=m$4 ,add to ?is t bi%ops 9 ,italy are n1 z else:]e1 function>ies approa*$ ) difficulty by ! common run ( mortals4 ,almo/ e village 9 ,umbria has its bi%op1 s t _! importance is h>dly great] ?an t ( ! cure ( a ,fr5* canton4 ,fur!rmore1 sev]al pontifical docum5ts ?r[ a sombre light on ,guido's "*4 ,9 a *apt] ( ! decretals ( ,honorius ,,iii4 7,qu9ta compil41 lib4 ii41 tit4 iii41 cap4 i47 is giv5 a compla9t aga9/ ?is bi%op1 br\ght be=e ! curia by ! ,crucig]i ( ! hospital ,san ,salvatore delle ,p>eti 7suburbs ( ,assisi71 ( hav+ maltreat$ two ( _! numb]1 & hav+ /ol5 a "p ( ! w9e belong+ to ! conv5t3 pro eo quod ,aegidium presbyt]um1 et fratrem eorem conv]sum viol5tas manus injec]at 444 adjici5s quod idem hospitale quadam v9i quantitate fu]at p] eumdem episcopum spoliatum4 ,honorii op]a1 ,horoy's edition1 t4 i41 col4 #bjj ff4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #ggdf4 ,! m5tion ( ! hospital de ,p>iete proves beyond "q t ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi is "h conc]n$ & n ! ,bi%op ( ,osimo1 z "s critics h sugge/$4 ,ano!r docum5t %[s him at /rife ) ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,m\nt ,subasio 7! v ones :o aft]w>d gave ,portiuncula to ,francis71 & ,honorius ,,iii4 f\nd ! bi%op 9 ! wrong3 ,bull ,conqu]5te oeconomo mona/]ii ap4 ,ri*t]1 ,corpus juris canonici4 ,leipzig1 #ahci1 #dto1 ,horoy1 loc4 cit41 t4 i41 col4 #afc2 ,pot?a/1 #ggbh4 #af #c ,soc41 #cf & #cg4 ,cf4 ,anon4 ,p]us4 ap41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ehe2 ,te/4 ,b4 ,francisci4 #ag #c ,soc41 #ch-da4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,innoc5t ,,iii ,summ] #abaja ,see+ ! numb] ( 8 fri>s daily increas+1 ,francis decid$ to write ! ,rule ( ! ,ord] & g to ,rome to procure its approval by ! ,pope4 ,?is resolution 0 n lightly tak54 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake 9 fact to take ,francis = "o ( ^? inspir$ ones :o ru% into action ^u ! /r5g? ( unexpect$ revelations1 &1 ?anks to _! fai? 9 _! own infallibility1 ov]awe ! multitude4 ,on ! contr>y1 he 0 fill$ ) a real humility1 & if he believ$ t ,god reveals himself 9 pray]1 he nev] = t absolv$ himself f ! duty ( reflection nor ev5 f reconsid]+ 8 decisions4 ,/4 ,bonav5tura does him great wrong 9 pictur+ ! great] numb] ( 8 important resolutions z tak5 9 consequ5ce ( dreams2 ?is is to rob 8 life ( its pr(\nd orig9ality1 8 sanctity ( its *oice/ blossom4 ,he 0 ( ^? :o /ruggle1 &1 to use "o ( ! noble/ expressions ( ! ,bible1 ( ^? :o by _! p]sev]ance conqu] _! s\ls4 ,?us we %all see him cont9ually ret\*+ ! ,rule ( 8 in/itute1 unceas+ly revis+ x d[n to ! la/ mom5t1 accord+ z ! gr[? ( ! ,ord] & exp]i5ce ( ! human he>t sugge/$ to him modifications ( x4#b ,! fir/ ,rule :i* he submitt$ to ,rome has n come d[n to u2 we only "k t x 0 extremely simple1 & compos$ especially ( passages f ! ,gospels4 ,x 0 d\btless only ! repetition ( ^? v]ses :i* ,francis _h read to 8 fir/ companions1 ) a few precepts ab\t manual labor & ! occupations ( ! new bre?r54#c ,x w be well to pause "h & consid] ! bre?r5 :o are ab\t to set out = ,rome4 ,! biographies are 9 agreem5t z to _! numb]2 !y 7 twelve1 includ+ ,francis2 b ! mom5t !y und]take to give a "n to ea* "o ( !m difficulties beg9 to arise1 & x is only by "s exegetical sleight ( h& t !y c claim to h reconcil$ ! v>i\s docum5ts4 ,! table giv5 bel[#d briefly %[s ^! difficulties4 ,! "q took on "s importance :5 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury m5 und]took to %[ an exact con=mity betwe5 ! life ( ,/4 ,francis & t ( ,jesus4 ,x is )\t int]e/ to u4 ,! pr(iles ( two or ?ree ( ^! bre?r5 /& out v cle>ly 9 ! picture ( ! orig9s ( ! ,ord]2 o!rs rem9d "o ( ! pictures ( primitive ,umbrian ma/]s1 :]e ! figures ( ! backgr\nd h a mode/ & t5d] grace1 b no %ad[ ( p]sonality4 ,! fir/ ,franciscans _h all ! virtues1 includ+ ! "o :i* is ne>ly always want+1 will+ness to rema9 unkn[n4 ,9 ! ,l[] ,*ur* ( ,assisi !re is an anci5t fresco repres5t+ five ( ! companions ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,above !m is a ,madonna by ,cimabue1 ^u :i* !y are gaz+ ) all _! s\l4 ,x w\ld be m true if ,/4 ,francis 7 !re 9 ! place ( ! ,madonna2 "o is always *ang$ into ! image ( :at "o admires1 & !y resemble _! ma/] & "o ano!r4#e ,to attempt to give !m a "n is to make a sort ( psy*ological error & become guilty ( infidelity to _! memory2 ! only "n !y w\ld h desir$ is t ( _! fa!r4 ,8 love *ang$ _! he>ts & %$ ov] _! :ole p]sons a radiance ( light & joy4 ,^! are ! true p]sonages ( ! ,fioretti1 ! m5 :o br\ght peace to cities1 awak5$ consci5ces1 *ang$ he>ts1 conv]s$ ) birds1 tam$ wolves4 ,( !m "o may truly say3 ,hav+ no?+1 yet possess+ all ?+s 7,nihil hab5tes1 omnia possid5tes74 ,!y quitt$ ,portiuncula full ( joy & confid5ce4 ,francis 0 too mu* absorb$ 9 ?\ght n to desire to place 9 o!r h&s ! direction ( ! little company4 ,let u *oose1 he said1 "o f among ourselves to guide u1 & let him be to u z ! vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:]ev] x may please him to g we w g1 & :5 he may wi% to /op any:]e to sleep !re we w /op4 ,!y *ose ,bro!r ,b]n>do & did z ,francis _h said4 ,!y w5t on full ( joy1 & all _! conv]sations _h = _! object only ! glory ( ,god & ! salvation ( _! s\ls4 ,_! j\rney 0 happily accompli%$4 ,ev]y:]e !y f\nd k9dly s\ls :o %elt]$ !m1 & !y felt beyond a d\bt t ,god 0 tak+ c>e ( !m4#f ,francis's ?\ghts 7 all fix$ ^u ! purpose ( _! j\rney2 he ?\ght ( x day & night1 & naturally int]pret$ 8 dreams ) ref]5ce to x4 ,"o "t1 9 8 dream1 he saw himself walk+ along a road beside :i* 0 a gigantic & wond]fully beautiful tree4 ,&1 behold1 :ile he look$ ^u x1 fill$ ) wond]1 he felt himself become s tall t he c\ld t\* ! b\ghs1 & at ! same "t ! tree b5t d[n its bran*es to him4#g ,he awoke full ( joy1 sure ( a graci\s reception by ! sov]eign pontiff4 ,8 hopes 7 to be some:at blight$4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 _h n[ = twelve ye>s occupi$ ! ?rone ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,/ill "y1 en]getic1 resolute1 he enjoy$ t sup]fluity ( au?ority giv5 by success4 ,com+ aft] ! feeble ,cele/9e ,,iii41 he _h be5 able 9 a few ye>s to reconqu] ! temporal doma9 ( ! ,*ur*1 & s to improve ! papal influ5ce z almo/ to realize ! !ocratic dreams ( ,gregory ,,vii4 ,he _h se5 ,k+ ,p$ro ( ,aragon decl>+ himself 8 vassal & lay+ 8 cr[n ^u ! tomb ( ! apo/les1 t he might take x back at 8 h&s4 ,at ! o!r end ( ,europe1 ,john ,lackl& _h be5 oblig$ to receive 8 cr[n f a legate aft] hav+ sworn homage1 fealty1 & an annual tribute to ! ,holy ,see4 ,prea*+ union to ! cities & republics ( ,italy1 caus+ ! cry ,,italia6 ,,italia6 to res\nd l ! %\t ( a trumpet1 he 0 ! natural repres5tative ( ! national awak5+1 & appe>$ to be 9 "s sort ! suz]a9 ( ! emp]or1 z he 0 already t ( o!r k+s4 ,f9ally1 by 8 ef=ts to purify ! ,*ur*1 by 8 indomitable firmness 9 def5d+ morality & law 9 ! affair ( ,+elburge & 9 _m o!rs1 he 0 ga9+ a moral /r5g? :i* 9 times s disquiet$ 0 all ! m p[]ful = be+ s r>e4 ,b ?is incomp>able p[] _h its hidd5 dang]s4 ,occupi$ ) def5d+ ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,holy ,see1 ,innoc5t came to =get t ! ,*ur* does n exi/ = h]self1 t h] supremacy is only a transitory means2 & "o "p ( 8 pontificate may be lik5$ to w>s1 legitimate 9 ! beg9n+1 9 :i* ! conqu]or keeps on ) depr$ations & massacres = no reason1 except t he is intoxicat$ ) blood & success4 ,& s ,rome1 :i* canoniz$ ! petty ,cele/9e ,v41 refus$ ?is supreme consecration to ! glori\s ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,) exquisite tact %e p]ceiv$ t he 0 r k+ ?an prie/1 r pope ?an sa9t4 ,:5 he suppress$ ecclesia/ical disord]s x 0 less = love ( good ?an = hatr$ ( evil2 x 0 ! judge :o condemns or ?reat5s1 himself always support$ by ! law1 n ! fa!r :o weeps 8 son's (f5ce4 ,?is prie/ did n compreh5d ! great movem5t ( 8 age--! awak5+ ( love1 ( poetry1 ( lib]ty4 ,i h already said t at ! op5+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! ,middle ,age 0 tw5ty ye>s old4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 und]took to treat x z if x 7 only fifte54 ,possess$ by 8 civil & religi\s dogmas z o!rs are by _! educational doctr9es1 he nev] suspect$ ! unsatisfi$ long+s1 ! dreams1 unreason+ p]haps1 b b5efic5t & div9e1 t 7 dumbly /irr+ 9 ! dep?s ( m5's he>ts4 ,he 0 a believ]1 al?\gh c]ta9 say+s ( ! hi/orians#h op5 ! door to "s d\bts on ?is po9t1 b he drew 8 religion r f ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an f ! ,new1 & if he (t5 ?\ght ( ,moses1 ! lead] ( 8 p1 no?+ rem9d$ him ( ,jesus1 ! %eph]d ( s\ls4 ,"o _c be ev]y?+2 a *oice intellig5ce1 an iron w#i are a suffici5t portion ev5 = a prie/-god2 he lack$ love4 ,! dea? ( ?is pontiff1 great among ! great ones1 0 de/9$ to be salut$ ) songs ( joy4#aj ,8 reception ( ,francis furni%$ to ,giotto1 ! fri5d ( ,dante1 "o ( 8 mo/ /rik+ frescos2 ! pope1 seat$ on 8 ?rone1 turns abruptly t[>d ,francis4 ,he fr[ns1 = he does n und]/&1 & yet he feels a /range p[] 9 ?is mean & despis$ man1 vilis et despectus2 he makes a real b futile ef=t to compreh5d1 & n[ ,i see 9 ?is pope1 :o liv$ ^u lemons1#aa some?+ t recalls ano!r *oice m9d1 !ocratic l 8 own1 sacrific$ l him to 8 "w3 ,calv94 ,"o might ?9k t ! pa9t] _h t\*$ 8 lips to ! ,calabrian ,se]'s cup1 & t 9 ! attitude ( ^! two m5 he s\ght to symbolize a meet+ ( repres5tatives ( ! two ages ( humanity1 t ( ,law & t ( ,love4#ab ,a surprise await$ ! pilgrims on _! arrival 9 ,rome3 !y met ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi1#ac q z mu* to 8 a/oni%m5t z to _! own4 ,?is detail is preci\s because x proves t ,francis _h n confid$ 8 plans to ,guido4 ,not)/&+ ?is ! bi%op1 x is said1 (f]$ to make int]e/ = !m ) ! pr9ces ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we may suspect t 8 comm5dations 7 n v w>m4 ,at all ev5ts !y did n avail to save ,francis & 8 company ei!r f a se>*+ inquiry or f ! ext5d$ fa!rly c\nsels ( ,c>d9al ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo#ad ^u ! difficulties ( ! ,rule1 c\nsels :i* /rongly resemble ^? ( ,guido himself4#ae ,:at ,francis ask$ = 0 simple en\gh2 he claim$ no privilege ( any sort1 b only t ! pope w\ld approve ( 8 und]tak+ to lead a life ( absolute con=mity to ! precepts ( ! gospel4 ,!re is a delicate po9t "h :i* x is q wor? :ile to see cle>ly4 ,! pope 0 n call$ ^u to approve ! ,rule1 s9ce t came f ,jesus himself2 at ! v wor/ all t he c\ld d w\ld be to lay an ecclesia/ical c5sure ^u ,francis & 8 companions = hav+ act$ )\t au?ority1 & to enjo9 !m to leave to ! secul> & regul> cl]gy ! task ( re=m+ ! ,*ur*4 ,c>d9al ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo1 to :om ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi pres5t$ !m1 _h in=m$ himself ( ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,p5it5ts4 ,he lavi%$ ^u !m ! mo/ affectionate tok5s ( int]e/1 ev5 go+ s f> z to beg = a m5tion 9 _! pray]s4 ,b su* assurances1 :i* appe> to h be5 always ! small *ange ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 did n prev5t 8 exam9+ !m = sev]al successive days1#af & putt+ to !m an inf9ite numb] ( que/ions1 ( :i* ! conclusion 0 always ! advice to ent] "s ,ord] already exi/+4 ,to ?is ! unlucky ,francis w\ld reply z be/ he c\ld1 (t5 n )\t emb>rassm5t1 = he _h no wi% to appe> to ?9k lightly ( ! c>d9al's c\nsels1 & yet he felt 9 8 he>t ! imp]i\s desire to obey 8 vocation4 ,! prelate w\ld !n return to ! *>ge1 ins9uat+ t !y w\ld f9d x v h>d to p]sev]e1 t ! en?usiasm ( ! e>ly days w\ld pass away1 & aga9 po9t+ out a m easy c\rse4 ,he 0 oblig$ 9 ! end to own himself vanqui%$4 ,! p]si/5ce ( ,francis1 :o _h nev] weak5$ = an in/ant nor d\bt$ 8 mission1 begat 9 him a sort ( awe1 :ile ! p]fect humility ( ! ,p5it5ts & _! simple & /rik+ fidelity to ! ,roman ,*ur* reassur$ him 9 ! matt] ( h]esy4 ,he ann\nc$ to !m1 !re=e1 t he w\ld speak ( !m to ! pope1 & w\ld act z _! advocate ) him4 ,accord+ to ! ,?ree ,companions he said to ! pope3 ,i h f\nd a man ( ! highe/ p]fection1 :o desires to live 9 con=mity ) ! ,holy ,gospel & obs]ve evangelical p]fection 9 all ?+s4 ,i believe t by him ! ,"l int5ds to re=m ! fai? ( ! ,holy ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4#ag ,on ! morr[ he pres5t$ ,francis & 8 companions to ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,naturally1 ! pope 0 n sp>+ ( expressions ( sympa?y1 b he also repeat$ to !m ! rem>ks & c\nsels :i* !y _h already he>d s (t54 ,my de> *ildr51 he said1 y\r life appe>s to me too sev]e2 ,i see inde$ t y\r f]vor is too great = any d\bt ( y to be possible1 b ,i ought to consid] ^? :o %all come aft] y1 le/ y\r mode ( life %\ld be beyond _! /r5g?4#ah ,add+ a few k9d words1 he dismiss$ !m )\t com+ to any def9ite conclusion1 promis+ to consult ! c>d9als1 & advis+ ,francis 9 p>ticul> to address himself to ,god1 to ! end t he might manife/ 8 w4 ,francis's anxiety mu/ h be5 great2 he c\ld n und]/& ^! dilatory measures1 ^! expressions ( affection :i* nev] l$ to a categorical approbation4 ,x seem$ to him t he _h said all t he _h to say4 ,= new argum5ts he _h only "o res\rce--pray]4 ,he felt 8 pray] answ]$ :5 9 8 conv]sation ) ,jesus ! p>able ( pov]ty came to him2 he return$ to lay x be=e ! pope4 ,!re 0 9 ! des]t a woman :o 0 v poor1 b beautiful4 ,a great k+1 see+ h] beauty1 desir$ to take h] = 8 wife1 = he ?\ght t by h] he %\ld h beautiful *ildr54 ,! m>riage contract$ & consummat$1 _m sons 7 born to him4 ,:5 !y 7 gr[n up1 _! "m spoke to !m ?us3 ,my sons1 y h no cause to blu%1 = y are ! sons ( ! k+2 g1 !re=e1 to 8 c\rt1 & he w give y ev]y?+ y ne$4 ,:5 !y arriv$ at ! c\rt ! k+ admir$ _! beauty1 & f9d+ 9 !m 8 own lik5ess he ask$1 ,^: sons are y8 ,& :5 !y repli$ t !y 7 ! sons ( a poor woman :o liv$ 9 ! des]t1 ! k+ clasp$ !m to 8 he>t ) joy say+1 ,h no fe>1 = y are my sons2 if /rang]s eat at my table1 mu* m %all y :o are my lawful sons4 ,!n ! k+ s5t ^w to ! woman to s5d to 8 c\rt all ! sons :i* %e _h borne1 t !y might be n\ri%$ !re4 ,v holy fa!r1 add$ ,francis1 ,i am ?is poor woman :om ,god 9 8 love has deign$ to make beautiful1 & ( :om he has be5 pleas$ to h lawful sons4 ,! ,k+ ( ,k+s has told me t he w provide = all ! sons :i* he may h ( me1 = if he su/a9s ba/>ds1 h[ mu* m 8 legitimate sons4#ai ,s mu* simplicity1 jo9$ ) su* pi\s ob/9acy1 at la/ conqu]$ ,innoc5t4 ,9 ! humble m5dicant he p]ceiv$ an apo/le & prophet ^: m\? no p[] c\ld close4 ,successor ( ,/4 ,pet] & vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/ t he felt himself1 he saw 9 ! mean & despis$ man be=e him "o :o ) ! au?ority ( absolute fai? proclaim$ himself ! root ( a new l9eage ( mo/ legitimate ,*ri/ians4 ,! biograph]s h held t by ?is p>able ,francis s\ght above all ?+s to tranquillize ! pope z to ! future ( ! bre?r52 !y f9d 9 x a reply to ! anxieties ( ! pontiff1 :o fe>$ to see !m />ve to dea?4 ,!re c be no d\bt t its orig9al mean+ 0 totally diff]5t4 ,x %[s t ) all 8 humility ,francis knew h[ to speak out boldly1 & t all 8 respect = ! ,*ur* c\ld n h9d] 8 see+1 &1 :5 necess>y1 say+1 t he & 8 bre?r5 7 ! lawful sons ( ! gospel1 ( :i* ! memb]s ( ! cl]gy 7 only extranei4 ,we %all f9d 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life m ?an "o example ( ?is indomitable boldness1 :i* dis>m$ ,innoc5t ,,iii4 z well z ! future ,gregory ,,ix4 ,9 a consi/ory :i* d\btless 0 held betwe5 ! two audi5ces "s ( ! c>d9als express$ ! op9ion t ! initiative ( ! ,p5it5ts ( ,assisi 0 an innovation1 & t _! mode ( life 0 entirely beyond human p[]4 ,b1 repli$ ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo1 if we hold t to obs]ve gospel p]fection & make pr(ession ( x is an irrational & impossible innovation1 are we n convict$ ( blasphemy aga9/ ,*ri/1 ! au?or ( ! gospel8#bj ,^! words /ruck ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ) great =ce2 he knew bett] ?an any "o t ! possessions ( ! ecclesia/ics 7 ! great ob/acles to ! re=m ( ! ,*ur*1 & t ! ?reat5$ success ( ! ,albig5sian h]esy 0 especially due to ! fact t x prea*$ ! doctr9e ( pov]ty4 ,two ye>s be=e he _h accord$ 8 approbation to a gr\p ( ,wald5sians1 :o "u ! "n ,poor ,ca?olics _h desir$ to rema9 fai?ful to ! ,*ur*2#ba he !re=e gave 8 approval to ! ,p5it5ts ( ,assisi1 b1 z a contempor>y *ronicl] has well obs]v$1 x 0 9 ! hope t !y w\ld wre/ ! bann] f h]esy4#bb ,yet 8 d\bts & hesitations 7 n entirely dissipat$4 ,he res]v$ 8 def9itive approbation1 !re=e1 :ile lavi%+ ^u ! bro!rs ! mo/ affectionate tok5s ( int]e/4 ,he au?oriz$ !m to cont9ue _! missions ev]y:]e1 aft] hav+ ga9$ ! cons5t ( _! ord9>ies4 ,he requir$1 h[ev]1 t !y %\ld give !mselves a responsible sup]ior to :om ! ecclesia/ical au?orities c\ld always address !mselves4 ,naturally1 ,francis 0 *os54#bc ,?is fact1 s humble 9 appe>ance1 def9itively con/itut$ ! ,franciscan family4 ,! my/ics :om we saw go+ f village to village transport$ ) love & lib]ty accept$ ! yoke almo/ )\t ?9k+ ab\t x4 ,?is yoke w pres]ve !m f ! dis9tegration ( ! h]etics1 b x w make itself %>ply felt by ^? pure s\ls2 !y w "o day look back to ! e>ly days ( ! ,ord] z ! only "t :5 _! life 0 truly con=m$ to ! gospel4 ,:5 ,francis he>d ! words ( ! supreme pontiff he pro/rat$ himself at 8 feet1 promis+ ! mo/ p]fect ob$i5ce ) all 8 he>t4 ,! pope bless$ !m1 say+3 ,g1 my bre?r51 & may ,god be ) y4 ,prea* p5it5ce to ev]yone accord+ z ! ,"l may deign to inspire y4 ,!n :5 ! ,all-p[]ful %all h made y multiply & g =w>d1 y w ref] to u2 we w conc$e :at y ask1 & we may !n ) great] security accord to y ev5 m ?an y ask4#bd ,francis & 8 companions 7 too little famili> ) ,roman phraseology to p]ceive t aft] all ! ,holy ,see _h simply cons5t$ to susp5d judgm5t 9 view ( ! uprightness ( _! int5tions & ! purity ( _! fai?4#be ,! fl[]s ( cl]ical rhetoric hid f !m ! %ackles :i* _h be5 laid ^u !m4 ,! curia1 9 fact1 0 n satisfi$ ) ,francis's v[ ( fidelity1 x desir$ 9 addition to /amp ! ,p5it5ts ) ! seal ( ! ,*ur*3 ! ,c>d9al ( ,san ,paolo 0 deput$ to conf] ^u !m ! tonsure4 ,f ?is "t !y 7 all "u ! spiritual au?ority ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! ?or\ghly lay creation ( ,/4 ,francis _h become1 9 spite ( himself1 an ecclesia/ical in/itution3 x mu/ soon deg5]ate into a cl]ical in/itution4 ,all unaw>es1 ! ,franciscan movem5t _h be5 unfai?ful to its orig94 ,! prophet _h abdicat$ 9 favor ( ! prie/1 n inde$ )\t possibility ( return1 = :5 a man has once reign$1 ,i w\ld say1 ?\ght1 9 lib]ty--:at o!r k+dom is !re on ?is e>?8--he makes b an indiff]5t slave2 9 va9 he tries to submit2 9 spite ( himself x happ5s at times t he lifts 8 head pr\dly1 he rattles 8 *a9s1 he rememb]s ! /ruggles1 sadness1 angui% ( ! days ( lib]ty1 & weeps _! loss4 ,among ! sons ( ,/4 ,francis _m 7 de/9$ to weep _! lo/ lib]ty1 _m to die to conqu] x aga94 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! date usually fix$ = ! approval ( ! ,rule by ,innoc5t ,,iii4 is ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #abji4 ,! ,boll&i/s _h ?\ght !mselves able to inf] x f ! acc\nt :]e ,?omas ( ,celano 7#a ,cel41 #dc7 ref]s to ! passage ?r\gh ,umbria ( ! ,emp]or ,o?o ,,iv41 on 8 way to be cr[n$ at ,rome 7,octob] #d1 #abji74 ,^u ?is j\rney see ,boehm]-,fick]1 ,rege/a ,imp]ii4 ,dei ,rege/5 des ,kais]rei*s unt] ,philipp1 ,otto ,,iv41 etc41 ,insbruck1 #ahgi1 #dto1 pp4 #if & #ig4 ,z ?is acc\nt foll[s t ( ! approval1 !y conclude t ! latt] 0 e>li]4 ,b ,?omas ( ,celano puts ?is acc\nt !re because ! context l$ up to x1 & n 9 ord] to fix its date4 ,ev]y?+ leads to ! belief t ! ,bro!rs retir$ 7recolligebat1 #a ,cel41 #db7 to ,rivo-,torto be=e & aft] _! j\rney to ,rome4 ,besides1 ! "t betwe5 ,april #bc;d & ! middle ( ,augu/1 #abji1 is mu* too %ort = all t ! biograph]s tell u ab\t ! life ( ! ,bro!rs be=e _! visit to ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,! mission to ,flor5ce took place 9 w9t]1 or at lea/ 9 a v cold mon?4 ,b ! decisive argum5t is t ,innoc5t ,,iii4 quitt$ ,rome t[>d ! end ( ,may1 #abji1 & w5t to ,vit]bo1 return+ only to cr[n ,o?o1 ,octob] #d? 7,pot?a/1 #cgbg-chjc74 ,x is !re=e absolutely necess>y to po/pone to ! summ] ( #abaj ! visit ( ! ,p5it5ts to ! pope4 ,?is is also ! date :i* ,wadd+ arrives at4 #b #c ,soc41 #ce4 #c #a ,cel41 #cb2 #c ,soc41 #ea2 ,bon41 #cd4 ,cf4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,fr4 ,m4 ,k4 ,muell] ( ,halle1 9 8 ,anfa5ge1 has made a v rem>kable /udy ( ! ,rule ( #abba1 :5ce he d$uces an e>li] ,rule1 :i* he believes to be t ( #abji 7#abaj74 ,= once ,i f9d myself entirely 9 accord ) him1 except t ! ,rule ?us recon/ruct$ 7,vide ,anfa5ge1 pp4 #ad-be1 #ahd-ahh7 appe>s to me to be n t ( #abaj1 :i* 0 v %ort1 b ano!r1 drawn up betwe5 #abaj & #abba4 ,! plures regulas fecit ( ! #c ,soc41 #ce1 au?orizes u to believe t he made p]haps z _m z f\r--#a/1 #abaj1 v %ort1 conta9+ little m ?an ! ?ree passages ( ! vocation2 #b;d1 #abag 7871 sub/antially t propos$ by ,m4 ,muell]2 #c;d1 #abba1 t ( :i* we %all speak at l5g? f>!r on2 #d?1 #abbf1 ! ,w1 :i* if n a ,rule is at lea/ an app5dix to ! ,rule4 ,if f #abba-abbf he _h "t to make two ,rules & ! ,w1 z is univ]sally admitt$1 !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 8 hav+ made two f #abaj-abba4 ,p]haps we h a fragm5t ( t ( #abag 9 ! regulation ( h]mitages4 ,vide bel[1 p4 #aji4 #d ,?omas ( ,celano's li/4 #a1 ,quidam pium g]5s animum2 #b1 ,b]n>dus2 #c1 ,vir alt]2 #d1 ,a,egidius2 #e1 ,unus alius appositus2 #f1 ,philippus2 #g1 ,alius bonus vir2 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 ,quatuor boni et idonei viri4 #a ,cel41 #bd1 #be1 #bi1 #ca4 ,! ,r9aldi-,amoni text says no?+ ( ! la/ f\r4 ,?ree ,companions3 #a1 ,b]n>dus2 #b1 ,petrus2 #c1 ,a,egidius2 #d1 ,sabbat9us2 #e1 ,moritus2 ,johannes ,capella2 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 ,disciples receiv$ by ! bre?r5 9 _! missions4 #c ,soc41 #cc1 #ce1 #da1 #df1 #eb4 ,bonav5tura3 #a1 ,b]n>dus2 #b1 444 #c1 ,a,egidius2 #d1 #e1 444 #f1 ,silve/ro2 #g1 ,alius bonus viri2 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 ,quatuor viri hone/i4 ,bon41 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cc4 ,! ,fioretti1 :ile insi/+ on ! importance ( ! twelve ,franciscan apo/les1 cite only six 9 _! li/3 ,giovanni di ,capella1 ,egidio1 ,philip1 ,silve/ro1 ,b]n>do1 & ,ruf9o4 ,fior41 #a4 ,we mu/ g to ! ,con=mities to f9d ! traditional li/1 fo #df;b #a3 #a1 ,b]n>dus de ,qu9tavalle2 #b1 ,petrus ,*atanii2 #c1 ,egidius2 #d1 ,sabat9us2 #e1 ,moricus2 #f1 ,johannes de ,capella2 #g1 ,philippus ,longus2 #h1 ,johannes de ,sancto ,con/antio2 #i1 ,b>b>us2 #aj1 ,b]n>dus de ,cleviridante 7sic72 #aa1 ,angelus ,tancr$i2 #ab1 ,sylve/]4 ,z w be se51 9 ! la/ two docum5ts twelve disciples are 9 "q1 :ile 9 ! prec$+ ones !re are only elev54 ,?is is en\gh to %[ a dogmatic purpose4 ,?is li/ reappe>s exactly 9 ! ,speculum1 ) ! sole diff]5ce t ,francis be+ !re includ$ ,angelo di ,tancr$e is ! twelf? bro!r & ,silve/ro disappe>s4 ,spec41 #hg;a4 #e ,accord+ to tradition1 ! five compagni del ,santo buri$ !re beside _! ma/] are ,b]n>do1 ,silve/ro1 ,william 7an ,engli%man71 ,eletto1 & ,val5t9o787 #f #c ,soc41 #df2 #a ,cel41 #cb2 ,bon41 #cd4 #g #a ,cel41 #cc2 #c ,soc41 #ec2 ,bon41 #ce4 #h ,/4 ,ludg>de 7#aahb-abdf7 sees him condemn$ to ,purgatory till ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,life ( ?is sa9t by ,?omas ( ,catimpre 9 ,surius3 ,vitae ,,ss4 7#afah71 vi41 #bae-bbf4 #i ,vir cl>i +5ii1 magnae probitatis et sapi5tiae1 cui nullus secundus tempore suo3 ,rigordus1 de ge/is ,philippi ,augu/i 9 ,du*esne4 ,hi/oriae ,francorum scriptores coaetanei1 t4 v41 p4 #fj4--,nec similem sui sci5tia1 facundia1 decretorum et legum p]ititia1 /r5uitate1 judiciorum nec adhuc visus e/ hab]e sequ5tem4 ,cf4 ,m5ck51 ,script4 r]4 ,sax41 ,leipzig1 #agbh1 t4 iii41 p4 #beb4 ,innoc5tius1 qui v]e /upor mundi erat et immutator saeculi4 ,cotton1 ,hi/4 ,anglicana1 ,lu>d1 #ahei1 p4 #ajg4 #aj ,cujus f9is laetitiem potius quam tri/itiam g5]avit subjectis4 ,alb]ic delle ,tre ,fontane4 ,leibnitz1 ,accessiones hi/oricae1 t4 ii41 p4 #dib4 #aa ,decidit 9 acutam 7febrem7 quam cum multis diebus fovisset nec a citris quibus 9 magna quantitatae et ex consuetud9e vescebatur 444 m9ime ab/9]et 444 ad ultimum 9 le?>gia prolapsus vitam f9ivit4 ,alb]ic delle ,tre ,fontane1 loc4 cit4 #ab ,fresco 9 ! great nave ( ! ,upp] ,*ur* ( ,assisi4 #ac #a ,cel41 #cb2 #c ,soc41 #dg4 #ad ,( ! ,colonna family2 he di$ 9 #abaf4 ,cf4 #c ,soc41 #fa4 ,vide ,c>della1 ,memorie /ori*e de' ,c>d9ali1 #i vols41 #hvo1 ,rome1 #agib ff41 t4 i41 p4 #agg4 ,he 0 at ,rome 9 ! summ] ( #abaj1 = on ! #aa? ( ,augu/ he c\nt]sign$ ! bull ,religiosem vitam4 ,pot?a/1 #djfa4 ,angelo ,cl>5o relates ! approbation ) m precision 9 c]ta9 respects3 ,cum v]o ,summo ,pontifici ea quae po/ulabat ,franciscus ardua valde et quasi impossibilia vid]5tur infirmitate hom9um sui temporis1 exhortabatur eum1 quod aliquem ord9em vel regulam de approbatis assum]et1 at ipse se a ,*ri/o missum ad talem vitam et non aliam po/ul&am con/ant] affirmans1 fixus 9 sua petitione p]mansit4 ,tunc dom9us ,johannes de ,sancto ,paulo episcopus ,sab95sis et dom9us ,hugo episcopus ,ho/i5sis ,dei spiritu moti assi/]unt ,sancto ,francisco et pro 8 quae petebat coram summo ,pontifice et ,c>d9alibus plura proposu]unt rationabilia et efficacia valde4 ,tribul4 ,laur5t9ian ,,ms41 fo #f;a4 ,?is int]v5tion ( ,ugol9i is m5tion$ 9 no o!r docum5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 by no means impossible4 ,he also 0 9 ,rome 9 ! summ] ( #abaj4 7,vide ,pot?a/1 p4 #dfb47 #ae #a ,cel41 #cb & #cc2 #c ,soc41 #dg & #dh4 ,cf4 ,an4 ,p]41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eij4 #af #a ,cel41 #cc4 #ag #c ,soc41 #dh4 #ah #c ,soc41 #di2 #a ,cel41 #cc2 ,bon41 #ce & #cf4 ,all ?is has be5 mu* work$ ov] by tradition & gives u only an e*o ( ! reality4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly h ne$$ v little = ! ,p5it5ts to meet ! same fate be=e ,innoc5t ,,iii4 z ! ,wald5ses be=e ,lucius ,,iii4 ,traces ( ?is int]view are f\nd 9 two texts :i* appe> to me to be too suspici\s to w>rant _! ins]tion 9 ! body ( ! n>rative4 ,! fir/ is a fragm5t ( ,mat!w ,p>is3 ,papa itaque 9 fratre memorato habitum de=mem1 vultum despicabilem1 b>bam prolixam1 capillos incultos1 sup]cilia p5d5tia et nigra dilig5t] consid]ans2 cum petitionem ejus tam arduam et executione impossibilem recit>e fecisset1 despexit cum et dixit3 ,vade frat]1 et qua]e porcus1 quibus potius debes quam hom9ibus comp>>i1 et involve te cum eis 9 volutabro1 et regulam illis a te comm5tatam trad5s1 (ficium tuae pra$icationis imp5de4 ,quod audi5s ,franciscus incl9ato capite exixit et porcis t&em inv5tis1 9 luto se cum eis tamdiu involvit qu\sque a planta p$is usque ad v]ticem1 corpus suum totum cum ipso habitu polluisset4 ,sicque ad consi/orium rev]t5s ,papae se conspectibus praes5tavit dic5s3 ,dom9e feci sicut praecepi/i exaudi nunc obsecro petitionem meam4 ,ed4 ,wats1 p4 #cdj4 ,! incid5t has a real ,franciscan color1 & %\ld h "s hi/oric basis4 ,curi\sly1 x 9 "s sort meets a passage 9 ! leg5d ( ,bonav5tura :i* is an int]polation ( ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,see ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eia4 #ai #c ,soc41 #ej & #ea2 ,bon41 #cg2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #aa2 ,b]n>d de ,besse1 ,tur9 ,,ms41 fo #aja;b4 ,ub]t9i di ,casali 7,arbor vitae crucifixae1 ,v5ice1 #adhe1 lib4 v41 cap4 iii47 tells a curi\s /ory 9 :i* he depicts ! indignation ( ! prelates aga9/ ,francis4 ,qua5am haec e/ doctr9a nova quam inf]s auribus no/ris8 ,quis pote/ viv]e s9e temporalium possessione8 ,numquid tu melior es quam patres no/ri qui d$]unt nobis temporalia et 9 temporalibus abundantes ecclesias possid]unt8 ,!n foll[s ! f9e pray] ins]t$ by ,wadd+ 9 ,francis's works4 ,! c5tral idea is ! same z 9 ! p>able ( pov]ty4 ,?is /ory1 ?\gh n ref]able to any s\rce1 has nev]!less its importance1 s9ce x %[s h[ 9 ! ye> #acjj a man :o _h all ! docum5ts be=e 8 eyes1 repres5t$ to himself ,francis's e>ly /eps4 #bj ,bon41 #cf4 #ba ,! attempt ( ,dur& ( ,huesca to create a m5dicant ord] has n yet be5 /udi$ ) suffici5t m9ut5ess4 ,*ief ( ! ,wald5ses ( ,aragon1 he 0 pres5t 9 #abjg at ! conf]5ce ( ,pami]s1 & decid$ to return to ! ,*ur*4 ,receiv$ ) k9dness by ! pope he at fir/ _h a great success1 & by #abji _h e/abli%$ communities 9 ,aragon1 at ,c>cassonne1 ,n>bonne1 ,bezi]s1 ,nimes1 ,uzes1 ,milan4 ,we f9d 9 ?is movem5t all ! l9eam5ts ( ! in/itute ( ,/4 ,dom9ic2 x 0 an ord] ( prie/s to :om !ological /udies 7 recomm5d$4 ,!y disappe>$ almo/ completely 9 ! /orm ( ! ,albig5sian crusade4 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 epi/olae1 xi41 #aif1 #aig1 #aih2 xii41 #ag1 #ff2 xiii41 #fc1 #gg1 #gh1 #id2 xv41 #hb1 #hc1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 #ic1 #id1 #if1 #acg1 #adf4 ,! fir/ ( ^! bulls conta9s ! v curi\s ,rule ( ?is ephem]al ord]4 ,^u its disappe>ance vide ,ripoli1 ,bull>ium ,pra$icatorum1 #h vols41 folio1 ,rome1 #agbi-agdj1 t4 i41 p4 #if4 ,cf4 ,elie ,b]g]1 ,regi/res d',innoc5t ,,iv41 #bgeb4 #bb ,bur*>d1 ( ! ord] ( ! ,premo/r>i1 :o di$ 9 #abbf4 ,see bel[1 p4 #bcd4 #bc #c ,soc41 #eb2 ,bon41 #ch4 #bd #c ,soc41 #eb & #di4 #be ,/4 ,anton9o1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,flor5ce1 saw v cle>ly t x 0 qua$am concessio simplex habitus et modi illius viv5di et quasi p]missio4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hci4 ,! expression approbation ( ! ,rule by :i* ! act ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 is usually designat$ is !re=e errone\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,rivo-,,torto #abaj-abaa ,! ,p5it5ts ( ,assisi 7 ov]fl[+ ) joy4 ,aft] s _m mortally long days sp5t 9 t ,rome1 s diff]5t f ! o!r cities t !y knew1 expos$ to ! ill-disguis$ suspicions ( ! prelates & ! je]s ( pontifical lackeys1 ! day ( dep>ture seem$ to !m l a deliv]ance4 ,at ! ?\ght ( once m see+ _! belov$ m\nta9s !y 7 seiz$ by t homesickness ( ! *ild = its native village :i* simple & k9dly s\ls pres]ve till _! late/ brea?4 ,imm$iately aft] ! c]emony !y pray$ at ! tomb ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & !n cross+ ! :ole city !y quitt$ ,rome by ! ,porta ,sal>a4 ,?omas ( ,celano1 v brief z to all t conc]ns ,francis's soj\rn 9 ! ,et]nal ,city1 rec\nts at full l5g? ! light-he>t$ness ( ! little b& on quitt+ x4 ,already x began to be transfigur$ 9 _! memory2 pa9s1 fatigues1 fe>s1 disquietude1 hesitations 7 all =gott52 !y ?\ght only ( ! fa!rly assurances ( ! supreme pontiff--! vic> ( ,*ri/1 ! "l & fa!r ( ! ,*ri/ian univ]se--& promis$ !mselves to make ev] new ef=ts to foll[ ! ,rule ) fidelity4 ,full ( ^! ?\ghts !y _h set out1 )\t provisions1 to cross ! ,campagna ( ,rome1 ^: few inhabitants nev] v5ture out 9 ! heat ( ! day4 ,! road /ret*es away nor?w>d1 keep+ at "s di/ance f ! ,tib]2 on ! left ! jagg$ cre/ ( ,soracte1 ba!d 9 mi/s =m$ by ! exhalations ( ! e>?1 looms up disproportionately z x fades 9 ! di/ance2 on ! "r1 ! ev]la/+ undulations ( ! hillocks ) _! wide pa/ures sep>at$ by ?ickets s p>*$ & ragg$ t !y seem$ to cry = m]cy & p>don4 ,betwe5 !m ! du/y road :i* goes /raight =w>d1 implacable1 %[+1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 no?+ b ! quiv]+ ( ! fi]y air4 ,n a h\se1 n a tree1 n a pass+ breeze1 no?+ to su/a9 ! travell] "u ! disquietude :i* creeps ov] him4 ,"h & !re are a few ab&on$ huts1 _! ru9s look+ l ! corpses ( dep>t$ civilizations1 & on ! edge ( ! horizon ! hills ris+ up l gigantic & unsurm\ntable walls4 ,!re are no words to describe ! physical & moral suff]+s to :i* he is expos$ :o und]takes )\t prop] prep>ation to cross ?is inhospitable di/rict4 ,to ! weakness caus$ by lack ( air soon succe$s an insurm\ntable lassitude4 ,! feet s9k 9 a s(t1 t5u\s du/ :i* e /ep s5ds up 9 cl\ds2 x cov]s y1 p5etrates y\r sk91 & p>*es y\r m\? ev5 m ?an ?ir/4 ,little by little all en]gy ebbs away1 a dumb dejection seizes y1 sight & ?\ght become alike confus$1 fev] ensues1 & y ca/ y\rself d[n by ! roadside1 unable to take ano!r /ep4 ,9 _! ha/e to leave ,rome ,francis & 8 companions _h =gott5 all ?is1 & _h imprud5tly set =?4 ,!y w\ld h succumb$ if a *ance travell] _h n br\ght !m succor4 ,he 0 oblig$ to leave !m be=e !y _h %ak5 (f ! la/ halluc9ations ( fev]1 leav+ !m amaz$ ) ! unexpect$ succor :i* ,provid5ce _h s5t !m4#a ,!y 7 s sev]ely %att]$ t on arriv+ at ,orte !y 7 oblig$ to /op a:ile4 ,9 a des]t spot n f> f ?is city !y f\nd a %elt] admirably adapt$ to s]ve !m = refuge2#b x 0 "o ( ^? ,etruscan tombs s common 9 t c\ntry1 ^: *amb]s s]ve to ?is day z a %elt] = begg>s & gypsies4 ,:ile "s ( ! bre?r5 ha/5$ to ! city to beg = food1 ! o!rs rema9$ 9 ?is solitude enjoy+ ! happ9ess ( be+ toge!r1 =m+ a ?\s& plans1 & m ?an ev] delight+ 9 ! *>m ( fre$om f c>e & r5unciation ( mat]ial goods4 ,?is place _h s /rong an attraction = !m t x requir$ an ef=t ( w to quit x at ! end ( a =tnight4 ,! s$uction ( a life purely contemplative assail$ ,francis1 & he ask$ himself if in/ead ( prea*+ to ! multitudes he w\ld n d bett] to live 9 retreat1 solely m9dful ( ! inw>d dialogue betwe5 ! s\l & ,god4#c ,?is aspiration = ! selfi% repose ( ! cloi/] came back to him sev]al times 9 8 life2 b love always won ! victory4 ,he 0 too mu* ! *ild ( 8 "t n to be at times tempt$ by t happ9ess :i* ! ,middle ,ages reg>d$ z ! supreme bliss ( ! elect 9 p>adise--peace4 ,beati mortui quia quiescunt6 ,8 di/+ui%+ peculi>ity is t he nev] gave way to x4 ,! reflections ( ,francis & 8 companions dur+ _! /ay at ,orte only made _! apo/olic mission m cle> & imp]ative to !m4 ,he1 above all1 seem$ to be fill$ ) a new ardor1 & l a valiant knight he burn$ to ?r[ himself into ! ?ick ( ! fray4 ,_! way n[ l$ ?r\gh ! valley ( ! ,n]a4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^! cool gl5s1 awake ) a ?\s& voices1 & ! desolation ( ! ,roman ,campagna1 mu/ h /ruck !m vividly2 ! /ream is only a swoll5 torr5t1 b x runs s noisily ov] pebbles & rocks t x seems to be conv]s+ ) !m & ) ! trees ( ! neighbor+ =e/4 ,9 proportion z !y _h felt !mselves alone on ! road f ,rome to ,otricoli1 !y n[ felt !mselves compass$ ab\t ) ! life1 ! fecundity1 ! gayety ( ! c\ntry4 ,! acc\nt ( ,?omas ( ,celano becomes s animat$ z x describes ! life ( ,francis at ?is epo* t "o _c help ?9k+ t at ?is "t he mu/ h se5 him1 & t ?is fir/ meet+ rema9$ always 9 8 memory z ! radiant dawn ( 8 spiritual life4#d ,! ,bro!rs _h tak5 to prea*+ 9 su* places z !y came ^u along _! r\te4 ,_! words 7 always pretty mu* ! same1 !y %[$ ! bless$ness ( peace & exhort$ to p5it5ce4 ,embold5$ by ! welcome !y _h receiv$ at ,rome1 :i* 9 all innoc5ce !y might h tak5 to be m favorable ?an x really 01 !y told ! /ory to ev]yone !y met1 & ?us set all scruples at re/4 ,^! exhortations1 9 :i* ,francis sp>$ n 8 he>]s1 b 9 :i* ! /]ne/ reproa*es 7 m+l$ ) s mu* ( love1 produc$ an enorm\s effect4 ,man desires above all ?+s to be lov$1 & :5 he meets "o :o loves him s9c]ely he v seldom refuses him ei!r 8 love or 8 admiration4 ,x is only a l[ und]/&+ t conf\nds love ) weakness & compliance4 ,we sometimes see sick m5 fev]i%ly kiss+ ! h& ( ! surgeon :o p]=ms an op]ation ^u !m2 we sometimes d ! same = our spiritual surgeons1 = we realize all t !re is ( vigor1 pity1 compassion 9 ! tortures :i* !y inflict1 & ! cries :i* !y =ce f u are q z mu* ( gratitude z ( pa94 ,m5 ha/5$ f all p>ts to he> ^! prea*]s :o 7 m sev]e ^u !mselves ?an on anyone else4 ,memb]s ( ! secul> cl]gy1 monks1 le>n$ m51 ri* m5 ev51 (t5 m+l$ 9 ! impromptu audi5ces ga!r$ 9 ! /reets & public places4 ,all 7 n conv]t$1 b x w\ld h be5 v difficult = any ( !m to =get ?is /rang] :om !y met "o day ^u _! way1 & :o 9 a few words _h mov$ !m to ! v bottom ( _! he>ts ) anxiety & fe>4 ,francis 0 9 tru?1 z ,celano says1 ! bright morn+ />4 ,8 simple prea*+ took hold on consci5ces1 snat*$ 8 he>]s f ! mire & blood 9 :i* !y 7 pa9fully trudg+1 & 9 spite ( !mselves c>ri$ !m to ! v heav5s1 to ^? s]5e regions :]e all is sil5t save ! voice ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,! :ole c\ntry trembl$1 ! b>r5 l& 0 already cov]$ ) a ri* h>ve/1 ! )]$ v9e began aga9 to blossom4#e ,only a pr(\ndly religi\s & poetic s\l 7is n ! "o ! o!r87 c und]/& ! transports ( joy :i* ov]fl[$ ! s\ls ( ,/4 ,francis's spiritual sons4 ,! greate/ crime ( our indu/rial & comm]cial civilization is t x leaves u a ta/e only = t :i* may be b\ght ) money1 & makes u ov]look ! pure/ & true/ joys :i* are all ! "t )9 our rea*4 ,! evil has roots f> 9 ! pa/4 ,:]e=e1 said ! ,god ( old ,isaiah1 d y weigh money = t :i* is n meat8 :y labor = t :i* satisfie? n8 ,he>k5 unto me1 & ye %all eat t :i* is good1 & y\r s\l %all delight itself 9 fatness4#f ,joys b\ght ) money--noisy1 fev]i% pleasures--are no?+ comp>$ ) ^? sweet1 quiet1 mode/ b pr(\nd1 la/+1 & peaceful joys1 enl>g+1 n we>y+ ! he>t1 :i* we too (t5 pass by on "o side1 l ^? peasants :om we see go+ into ec/asies ov] ! fireworks ( a fair1 :ile !y h n s mu* z a glance = ! glori\s spl5dors ( a summ] night4 ,9 ! pla9 ( ,assisi1 at an h\r's walk f ! city & ne> ! highway betwe5 ,p]ugia & ,rome1 0 a ru9\s cottage call$ ,rivo-,torto4 ,a torr5t1 almo/ always dry1 b capable ( becom+ t]rible 9 a /orm1 desc5ds f ,m\nt ,subasio & passes beside x4 ,! ru9 _h no own]2 x _h s]v$ z a lep] hospital be=e ! con/ruction by ! ,crucig]i#g ( _! hospital ,san ,salvatore delle ,p>eti2 b s9ce t "t x _h be5 ab&on$4 ,n[ came ,francis & 8 companions to seek %elt] !re4#h ,x is "o ( ! quiete/ spots 9 ! suburbs ( ,assisi1 & f !nce !y c\ld easily g out into ! neighborhood 9 all directions2 x be+ ab\t an equal di/ance f ,portiuncula & ,/4 ,damian4 ,b ! pr9cipal motive = ! *oice ( ! place seems to h be5 ! proximity ( ! ,c>c]i1 z ^? %all[ natural grottos are call$ :i* are f\nd 9 ! =e/s1 half way up ! side ( ,m\nt ,subasio4 ,foll[+ up ! b$ ( ! torr5t ( ,rivo-,torto "o rea*es !m 9 an h\r by way ( rugg$ & slipp]y pa?s :]e ! v goats d n will+ly v5ture4 ,once arriv$1 "o might fancy oneself a ?\s& leagues f any human be+1 s num]\s are ! birds ( prey :i* live "h q undi/urb$4#i ,francis lov$ ?is solitude & (t5 retir$ ?i!r ) a few companions4 ,! bre?r5 9 t case %>$ betwe5 !m all c>e ( _! mat]ial wants1 aft] :i*1 ea* "o retir+ into "o ( ^! caves1 !y 7 able = a few days to li/5 only to ! inn] voice4 ,^! little h]mitages1 suffici5tly isolat$ to secure !m f di/urbance1 b ne> en\gh to ! cities to p]mit _! go+ ?i!r to prea*1 may be f\nd :]ev] ,francis w5t4 ,!y =m1 z x 71 a s]ies ( docum5ts ab\t 8 life q z important z ! writt5 witnesses4 ,some?+ ( 8 s\l may /ill be f\nd 9 ^! cav]ns 9 ! ,ap5n9e =e/s4 ,he nev] sep>at$ ! contemplative f ! active life4 ,a preci\s witness to ?is fact is f\nd 9 ! regulations = ! bre?r5 dur+ _! soj\rn 9 h]mitage4#aj ,! return ( ! ,bro!rs to ,rivo-,torto 0 m>k$ by a va/ increase ( popul>ity4 ,! prejudic$ attacks to :i* !y _h =m]ly be5 subject$ 7 lo/ 9 a *orus ( praises4 ,p]haps m5 suspect$ ! ill-w ( ! bi%op & 7 happy to see him *eck$4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 a lively feel+ ( sympa?y & admiration 0 awak5$2 ! p recall$ to m9d ! indiff]5ce manife/$ by ! son ( ,b]n>done a few mon?s be=e ) reg>d to ,o?o ,,iv4 go+ to be cr[n$ at ,rome4 ,! emp]or _h made a progress ?r\gh ,italy ) a num]\s suite & a pomp design$ to produce an effect on ! m9ds ( ! populace2 b n only _h ,francis n int]rupt$ 8 "w to g & see him1 he _h enjo9$ ^u 8 fri>s also to ab/a9 f go+1 & _h m]ely select$ "o ( !m to c>ry to ! mon>* a rem9d] ( ! ephem]al nature ( worldly glory4 ,lat] on x 0 held t he _h pr$ict$ to ! emp]or 8 approa*+ excommunication4 ,?is spirit$ attitude made a vivid impression on ! popul> imag9ation4#aa ,p]haps x 0 ( m s]vice 9 =m+ g5]al op9ion ?an any?+ he _h done ?us f>4 ,! masses1 :o are n (t5 alive to delicate s5tim5ts1 respond quickly to ^? :o1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 d n b[ d[n be=e p[]4 ,?is "t !y p]ceiv$ t :]e o!r m5 w\ld see ! poor1 ! ri*1 ! noble1 ! common1 ! le>n$1 ,francis saw only s\ls1 :i* 7 to him ! m preci\s z !y 7 m neglect$ or despis$4 ,no biograph] in=ms u h[ long ! ,p5it5ts rema9$ at ,rivo-,torto4 ,x seems probable1 h[ev]1 t !y sp5t !re ! latt] "p ( #abaj & ! e>ly mon?s ( #abaa1 evangeliz+ ! t[ns & villages ( ! neighborhood4 ,!y suff]$ mu*2 ?is "p ( ! pla9 ( ,assisi is inundat$ by torr5ts ne>ly e autumn1 & _m times ! poor fri>s1 blockad$ 9 ! laz>etto1 7 =c$ to satisfy _! hung] ) a few roots f ! neighbor+ fields4 ,! b>rack 9 :i* !y liv$ 0 s n>r[ t1 :5 !y 7 all !re at once1 !y _h mu* difficulty n to cr[d "o ano!r4 ,to secure to ea* "o 8 due quota ( space1 ,francis wrote ! "n ( ea* bro!r ^u ! column :i* supports ! build+4 ,b ^! m9or discom=ts 9 no s5se di/urb$ _! happ9ess4 ,no appreh5sion _h z yet come to cl\d ,francis's hopes2 he 0 ov]fl[+ ) joy & k9dl9ess2 all ! memories :i* ,rivo-,torto has left ) ! ,ord] are fre% & sweet pictures ( him4#ab ,"o night all ! bre?r5 seem$ to be sleep+1 :5 he he>d a moan+4 ,x 0 "o ( 8 %eep1 to speak aft] ! mann] ( ! ,franciscan biograph]1 :o _h d5i$ himself too rigor\sly & 0 dy+ ( hung]4 ,francis imm$iately rose1 call$ ! bro!r to him1 br\ght =? ! meagre res]ve ( food1 & himself began to eat to inspire ! o!r ) c\rage1 expla9+ to him t if p5it5ce is good x is /ill necess>y to temp] x ) discretion4#ac ,francis _h t tact ( ! he>t :i* div9es ! secrets ( o!rs & anticipates _! desires4 ,at ano!r "t1 /ill at ,rivo-,torto1 he took a sick bro!r by ! h&1 l$ him to a grape-v9e1 &1 pres5t+ him ) a f9e clu/]1 began himself to eat ( x4 ,x 0 no?+1 b ! simple act s b\nd to him ! sick man's he>t t _m ye>s aft] ! bro!r c\ld n speak ( x )\t emotion4#ad ,b ,francis 0 f> f neglect+ 8 mission4 ,ev] gr[+ m sure1 n ( himself b ( 8 duty t[>d m51 he took "p 9 ! political & social affairs ( 8 prov9ce ) ! confid5ce ( an upright & pure he>t1 nev] able to und]/& h[ /upidity1 p]v]s5ess1 pride1 & indol5ce1 by leagu+ !mselves toge!r1 may *eck ! f9e/ & mo/ righte\s impulses4 ,he _h ! fai? :i* removes m\nta9s1 & 0 :olly free f t t\* ( scepticism1 s common 9 our day1 :i* po9ts out t x is ( no m use to move m\nta9s ?an to *ange ! place ( difficulties4 ,:5 ! p ( ,assisi le>n$ t 8 ,rule _h be5 approv$ by ! pope !re 0 /rong excitem5t2 e "o desir$ to he> him prea*4 ,! cl]gy 7 oblig$ to give way2 !y (f]$ him ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,george1 b ?is *ur* 0 manife/ly insuffici5t = ! cr[ds ( he>]s2 x 0 necess>y to op5 ! ca!dral to him4 ,/4 ,francis nev] said any?+ especially new2 to w9 he>ts he _h t :i* is wor? m ?an any arts ( oratory--an ard5t conviction2 he spoke z compell$ by ! imp]i\s ne$ ( k9dl+ o!rs ) ! flame t burn$ )9 himself4 ,:5 !y he>d him recall ! horrors ( w>1 ! crimes ( ! populace1 ! laxity ( ! great1 ! rapacity :i* di%onor$ ! ,*ur*1 ! age-long wid[hood ( ,pov]ty1 ea* "o felt himself tak5 to task 9 8 own consci5ce4 ,an att5tive or excit$ cr[d is always v impressionable1 b ?is peculi> s5sitiv5ess 0 p]haps /rong] 9 ! ,middle ,ages ?an at any o!r "t4 ,n]v\s di/urbances 7 9 ! air1 & ^u m5 ?us prep>$ ! w ( ! prea*] impress$ itself 9 a mann] almo/ magnetic4 ,to und]/& :at ,francis's prea*+ mu/ h be5 l we mu/ =get ! mann]s ( to-day1 & transport ourselves = a mom5t to ! ,ca!dral ( ,assisi 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 x is /ill /&+1 b ! c5turies h giv5 to its /ones a f9e ru/ ( poli%$ bronze1 :i* recalls ,v5ice & ,titian's tones ( ruddy gold4 ,x 0 new !n1 & all sp>kl+ ) :it5ess1 ) ! f9e rosy t+e ( ! /ones ( ,m\nt ,subasio4 ,x _h be5 built by ! p ( ,assisi a few ye>s be=e 9 "o ( ^? outbur/s ( fai? & union :i* 7 almo/ ev]y:]e ! prelude ( ! communal movem5t4 ,s1 :5 ! p ?rong$ into x on _! high days1 !y n m]ely _h none ( t vague respect = a holy place :i*1 ?\gh x has pass$ into ! cu/oms ( o!r c\ntries1 /ill cont9ues to be unkn[n 9 ,italy1 b !y felt !mselves at home 9 a palace :i* !y _h built = !mselves4 ,m ?an 9 any o!r *ur* !y !re felt !mselves at lib]ty to criticise ! prea*]1 & !y _h no hesitation 9 prov+ to him1 ei!r by murmurs ( dissatisfaction or by applause1 j :at !y ?\ght ( 8 words4 ,we mu/ rememb] also t ! *ur*es ( ,italy h nei!r pews nor *airs1 t "o mu/ li/5 /&+ or kneel+1 :ile ! prea*] walks ab\t ge/iculat+ on a plat=m2 add to ?is ! g5]al curiosity1 ! clamor\s sympa?ies ( _m1 ! disguis$ opposition ( "s1 & we %all h a vague notion ( ! conditions "u :i* ,francis fir/ ent]$ ! pulpit ( ,san ,ruf9o4 ,8 success 0 />tl+4 ,! poor felt t !y _h f\nd a fri5d1 a bro!r1 a *ampion1 almo/ an av5g]4 ,! ?\ghts :i* !y h>dly d>$ murmur b5ea? _! brea? ,francis proclaim$ at ! top ( 8 voice1 d>+ to bid all1 )\t di/9ction1 to rep5t & love "o ano!r4 ,8 words 7 a cry ( ! he>t1 an appeal to ! consci5ces ( all 8 fell[-citiz5s1 almo/ recall+ ! passionate utt]ances ( ! prophets ( ,israel4 ,l ^? witnesses = ,jehovah ! little poor man ( ,assisi _h put on sackclo? & a%es to d5\nce ! iniquities ( 8 p1 l !irs 0 8 c\rage & h]oism1 l !irs ! div9e t5d]ness 9 8 he>t4 ,x seem$ z if ,assisi 7 ab\t to recov] aga9 ! feel+ ( ,israel = s94 ,! effect ( ^! appeals 0 prodigi\s2 ! entire population 0 ?rill$1 conqu]$1 desir+ 9 future to live only accord+ to ,francis's c\nsels2 8 v companions1 :o _h rema9$ beh9d at ,rivo-,torto1 he>+ ( ^! m>vels1 felt 9 !mselves an answ]+ ?rill1 & _! vocation took on a new /r5g?2 dur+ ! night !y seem$ to see _! ma/] 9 a *>iot ( fire1 so>+ to heav5 l a new ,elijah4#ae ,?is almo/ deliri\s en?usiasm ( a :ole p 0 n p]haps s difficult to ar\se z might be suppos$3 ! emotional p[] ( ! masses 0 at t "t z great all ov] ,europe z x 0 9 ,p>is dur+ c]ta9 days ( ! ,revolution4 ,we all "k ! tragic & t\*+ /ory ( ^? companies ( *ildr5 f ! nor? ( ,europe :o appe>$ 9 #abab 9 troops ( sev]al ?\s&s1 boys & girls m+l$ toge!r pell-mell4 ,no?+ c\ld /op !m1 a mania _h ov]tak5 !m1 9 all good fai? !y believ$ t !y 7 to deliv] ! ,holy ,l&1 t ! sea w\ld be dri$ up to let !m pass4 ,!y p]i%$1 we h>dly "k h[1 p]haps be+ sold into slav]y4#af ,!y 7 acc\nt$ m>tyrs1 & rightly2 popul> devotion lik5$ !m to ! ,holy ,innoc5ts1 dy+ = a ,god :om !y knew n4 ,^? *ildr5 ( ! crusade also p]i%$ = an unkn[n ideal1 false no d\bt2 b is x n bett] to die = an unkn[n & ev5 a false ideal ?an to live = ! va9 realities ( an utt]ly unpoetic exi/5ce8 ,9 ! end ( "t we %all be judg$ nei!r by philosoph]s nor by !ologians1 & if we 71 x is to be hop$ t ev5 9 ?is case love w\ld cov] a multitude ( s9s & pass by _m follies4 ,c]ta9ly if ev] !re 0 a "t :5 religi\s affections ( ! n]ves 7 to be dread$1 x 0 t :i* produc$ su* movem5ts z ^!4 ,all ,europe seem$ to be beside itself2 wom5 appe>$ />k nak$ 9 ! /reets ( t[ns & villages1 sl[ly walk+ up & d[n1 sil5t z phantoms4#ag ,we c und]/& n[ ! acc\nts :i* h come d[n to u1 s fanta/ic at ! fir/ glance1 ( c]ta9 popul> orators ( ?is "t2 ( ,b]?old ( ,ratisbon1 = example1 :o drew toge!r cr[ds ( sixte5 ?\s& p]sons1 or ( t ,fra ,giovanni ,s*io di ,vic5za1 :o = a "t quiet$ all ,nor!rn ,italy & br\ght ,guelphs & ,ghibell9es into "o ano!r's arms4#ah ,t popul> eloqu5ce :i* 0 to accompli% s _m m>vels 9 #abcc comes d[n 9 a /raight l9e f ! ,franciscan movem5t4 ,x 0 ,/4 ,francis :o set ! example ( ^? op5-air s]mons giv5 9 ! vulg> tongue1 at /reet corn]s1 9 public squ>es1 9 ! fields4 ,to feel ! *ange :i* he br\ght ab\t we mu/ read ! s]mons ( 8 contempor>ies2 declamatory1 s*ola/ic1 subtile1 !y delight$ 9 ! m9utiae ( exegesis or dogma1 s]v+ up ref9$ diss]tations on ! mo/ obscure texts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to he>]s />v+ = a simple & :olesome diet4 ,) ,francis1 on ! contr>y1 all is incisive1 cle>1 practical4 ,he pays no att5tion to ! precepts ( ! rhetoricians1 he =gets himself completely1 ?9k+ only ( ! end desir$1 ! conv]sion ( s\ls4 ,& conv]sion 0 n 9 8 view some?+ vague & indi/9ct1 :i* mu/ take place only betwe5 ,god & ! he>]4 ,no1 he w h imm$iate & practical pro(s ( conv]sion4 ,m5 mu/ give up ill-gott5 ga9s1 r5\nce _! enmities1 be reconcil$ ) _! adv]s>ies4 ,at ,assisi he ?rew himself valiantly into ! ?ick ( civil diss5sions4 ,! agreem5t ( #abjb betwe5 ! p>ties :o divid$ ! city _h be5 :olly ephem]al4 ,! common p 7 cont9ually dem&+ new lib]ties1 :i* ! nobles & burgh]s w\ld yield to !m only "u ! pressure ( fe>4 ,francis took up ! cause ( ! weak1 ! m9ores1 & succe$$ 9 reconcil+ !m ) ! ri*1 ! majores4 ,8 spiritual family _h n z yet1 prop]ly speak+1 a "n1 =1 unlike ^? too ha/y spirits :o baptize _! productions be=e !y h come to light1 he 0 wait+ = ! occasion t %\ld reveal ! true "n :i* he ought to give x4#ai ,"o day someone 0 read+ ! ,rule 9 8 pres5ce4 ,:5 he came to ! passage1 ,let ! bre?r51 :]ev] !y may f9d !mselves call$ to labor or to s]ve1 nev] take an (fice :i* %all put !m ov] o!rs1 b on ! contr>y1 let !m be always "u 7s9t m9ores7 all ^? :o may be 9 t h\se1#bj ^! words s9t m9ores ( ! ,rule1 9 ! circum/ances !n exi/+ 9 ! city1 sudd5ly appe>$ to him z a provid5tial indication4 ,8 in/itution %\ld be call$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,we may imag9e ! effect ( ?is det]m9ation4 ,! ,sa9t1 = already ?is magic ^w _h bur/ =? :]e he appe>$1#ba ! ,sa9t _h spok54 ,x 0 he :o 0 ab\t to br+ peace to ! city1 act+ z arbit] betwe5 ! two factions :i* r5t x4 ,we /ill possess ! docum5t ( ?is pace civile1 exhum$1 s to speak1 f ! communal ar*ives ( ,assisi by ! le>n$ & pi\s ,antonio ,cri/(ani4#bb ,! op5+ l9es are z foll[s3 ,9 ! "n ( ,god6 ,may ! supreme grace ( ! ,holy ,_s assi/ u6 ,to ! honor ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! ,emp]or ,o?o1 & ,duke ,leopold4 ,?is is ! /atute & p]petual agreem5t betwe5 ! ,majori & ,m9ori ( ,assisi4 ,)\t common cons5t !re %all nev] be any sort ( alliance ei!r ) ! pope & 8 nuncios or legates1 or ) ! emp]or1 or ) ! k+1 or ) _! nuncios or legates1 or ) any city or t[n1 or ) any important p]son1 except ) a common accord !y %all d all :i* !re may be to d = ! honor1 safety1 & advantage ( ! commune ( ,assisi4 ,:at foll[s is wor?y ( ! beg9n+4 ,! lords1 9 consid]ation ( a small p]iodical paym5t1 %\ld r5\nce all ! feudal rights2 ! inhabitants ( ! villages subject to ,assisi 7 put on a p> ) ^? ( ! city1 =eign]s 7 protect$1 ! assessm5t ( taxes 0 fix$4 ,on ,w$nesday1 ,novemb] #i1 #abaj1 ?is agreem5t 0 sign$ & sworn to 9 ! public place ( ,assisi2 x 0 made 9 su* good fai? t exiles 7 able to return 9 peace1 & f ?is day we f9d 9 ! city regi/]s ! names ( ^? emigres :o1 9 #abjb1 _h betray$ _! city & provok$ ! disa/r\s w> ) ,p]ugia4 ,francis might well be happy4 ,love _h triumph$1 & = sev]al ye>s !re 7 at ,assisi nei!r victors nor vanqui%$4 ,9 ! my/ic m>riages :i* "h & !re 9 hi/ory unite a man to a p1 some?+ takes place ( :i* ! transports ( s5se1 ! delirium ( love1 seem to be ! only symbol2 a mom5t comes 9 :i* sa9ts1 or m5 ( g5ius1 feel unkn[n p[]s /riv+ mightily )9 !m2 !y /rive1 !y seek1 !y /ruggle until1 triumph+ ov] all ob/acles1 !y h =c$ trembl+1 swoon+ humanity to conceive by !m4 ,?is mom5t _h come to ,/4 ,francis4 ,,footnotes3 #a #a ,cel41 #cd2 #c ,soc41 #ec2 ,bon41 #ci4 #b ,probably at ,otricoli1 :i* lies on ! high-road betwe5 ,rome & ,spoleto4 ,orte is an h\r & a half fur!r on4 ,x is ! anci5t ,otriculum1 :]e _m antiquities h be5 f\nd4 #c #a ,cel41 #ce2 ,bon41 #dj & #da4 #d ,! only road connect+ ,celano ) ,rome1 z well z ) all ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,italy1 passes by ,aquila1 ,rieti1 & ,t]ni1 :]e x jo9s ! high-roads lead+ f ! nor? t[>d ,rome4 #e #a ,cel41 #cf & #cg2 #c ,soc41 #ed2 ,bon41 #de-dh4 #f ,isaiah1 lv41 #b4 #g ,?is ,ord] des]ves to be bett] kn[n2 x 0 f\nd$ "u ,alex&] ,,iii4 & rapidly spread all ov] ,c5tral ,italy & ! ,ea/4 ,9 ,francis's lifetime x _h 9 ,italy & ! ,holy ,l& ab\t =ty h\ses d$icat$ to ! c>e ( lep]s4 ,x is v probable t x 0 at ,san ,salvatore delle ,p>eti t ,francis visit$ ^! unhappy suff]]s4 ,he !re made ! p>ticul> acqua9tance ( a ,crucig] nam$ ,morico4 ,! latt] aft]w>d fall+ ill1 ,francis s5t him a rem$y :i* w\ld cure him1 in=m+ him at ! same "t t he 0 to become 8 disciple1 :i* %ortly aft]w>d took place4 ,! hospital ,san ,salvatore has disappe>$2 x /ood 9 ! place n[ call$ ,osp$aletto1 :]e a small *apel n[ /&s half way betwe5 ,assisi & ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli4 ,x 0 f !re t ! dy+ ,francis bless$ ,assisi4 ,= ,morico vide #c ,soc41 #ce2 ,bon41 #di2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abh2 ,con=m41 #fc;b4--,= ! hospital vide ,bon41 #di2 ,con=m41 #ace;a1 #a2 ,honorii ,,iii4 op]a1 ,horoy1 t4 i41 col4 #bjf4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #ggdf2 ,l4 ,auvray1 ,regi/res de ,gregoire ,,ix41 ,p>is1 #ahij1 #dto1 no4 #bji4 ,= ! ,crucig]i 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,francis vide ! int]e/+ bull ,cum tu fili prior1 ( ,july #h1 #abjc2 ,migne1 ,inn4 op41 t4 ii41 col4 #abe ff4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #aiei1 & ,cum pa/oris1 ,april #e1 #abjd2 ,migne1 loc4 cit41 #cai4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #bafi & #ddgd4 #h #c ,soc41 #ee4 #i ,all ?is yet rema9s 9 its primitive /ate4 ,! road :i* w5t f ,assisi to ! n[ ru9$ ,abbey ( ,m\nt ,subasio 7almo/ on ! summit ( ! m\nta97 pass$ ! ,c>c]i1 :]e !re 0 a little *apel built by ! ,b5$ict9es4 #aj ,illi qui religiose volunt />e 9 eremis s9t tres aut quatuor ad plus4 ,duo ex ipsis s9t matres1 et habeant duos filios1 vel unum ad m9us4 ,illi duo t5eant vitam ,m>?ae et alii duo vitam ,m>iae ,magdal5ae4 ,assisi ,,ms41 #cch1 #dc;a-b2 text giv5 also 9 ,conf41 #adc;a1 #a1 f :i* ,wadd+ borr[s x = 8 edition ( ! ,opuscules ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aac4 ,x is possible t we h "h a fragm5t ( ! ,rule1 :i* mu/ h be5 compos$ t[>d #abag4 #aa #a ,cel41 #db & #dc2 #c ,soc41 #ee2 ,bon41 #da4 #ab #a ,cel41 #db-dd4 #ac #b ,cel41 #a1 #ae2 ,bon41 #fe4 ,^! two au?ors d n say :]e ! ev5t took place2 b !re appe>s to be no reason = suspect+ ! indication ( ,rivo-,torto giv5 by ! ,speculum1 fo4 #ba;a4 #ad #b ,cel41 #c1 #aaj4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #bb;a4 #ae #a ,cel41 #dg2 ,bon41 #dc4 #af ,!re are few ev5ts ( ! ?irte5? c5tury t (f] m docum5ts or are m obscure ?an ?is "o4 ,! *ronicl]s ( ! mo/ diff]5t c\ntries speak ( x at l5g?4 ,"h is "o ( ! %orte/ b mo/ exact ( ! notices1 giv5 by an eye-witness 7,annals ( ,g5oa ( ! ye>s #aaig-abai1 apud ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #ah73 #abab 9 m5se ,augu/i1 die ,sabbati1 octava ,kal5d>um ,septembris1 intravit civitatem ,janue quidam pu] ,teutonicus nom9e ,ni*olaus p]egr9ationis causa1 et cum eo multitudo maxima pelegr9orum deff]5tes cruces et bordonos atque sc>sellas ultra septem millia arbitratu boni viri int] hom9es et fem9as et puellos et puellas4 ,et die dom9ica sequ5ti de civitate exi]unt4--,cf4 ,giacomo di ,viraggio3 ,muratori1 t4 ix41 col4 #df3 ,dicebant quod m>e debebat apud ,januam sicc>i et sic ipsi debebant 9 ,hi]usalem pr(icisci4 ,multi autem int] eos erant filii ,nobilium1 quos ipsi etiam cum m]etricibus de/9>unt 767 ,! mo/ tragic acc\nt is t ( ,alb]ic1 :o relates ! fate ( ! company t emb>k$ at ,m>seilles4 ,mon4 ,g]4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bc1 p4 #hid4 #ag ,! ,b5$ict9e *ronicl]1 ,alb]t von ,/ade 7,mon4 ,g]4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #af1 pp4 #bga-cgi71 ?us closes 8 notice ( ! *ildr5's crusade3 ,adhuc quo dev5]9t ignorantur s$ plurimi r$i]unt1 a quibus cum qua]]etur causa cursus dix]unt se nescire4 ,nudae etiam muli]es circa idem tempus nihil loqu5tes p] villas et civitates cucurr]unt4 ,loc4 cit41 p4 #cee4 #ah ,*ron4 ,v]onese1 ann4 #abch 7,muratori1 ,scriptores ,r]4 ,ital41 t4 viii41 p4 #fbf74 ,cf4 ,b>b>ano de' ,mironi3 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 di ,vic5za1 t4 ii41 pp4 #gi-hd4 #ai ,! ,bro!rs 7 at fir/ call$ ,viri pa5it5tiales de civitate ,assisii 7#c ,soc41 #cg72 x appe>s t !y _h a mom5t>y ?\ght ( call+ !mselves ,paup]es de ,assisio1 b !y 7 d\btless dissuad$ f ?is at ,rome1 z too closely resembl+ t ( ! ,paup]es de ,lugduno4 ,vide ,bur*>di *ronicon41 p4 #cgf2 vide ,introd41 cap4 #e4 #bj ,vide ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 #g4 ,cf4 #a ,cel41 #ch1 & ,bon41 #gh4 #ba #a ,cel41 #cf4 #bb ,/oria d',assisi1 t4 i41 pp4 #abc-abi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,portiuncula #abaa ,x 0 d\btless t[>d ! spr+ ( #abaa t ! ,bro!rs quitt$ ,rivo-,torto4 ,!y 7 engag$ 9 pray] "o day1 :5 a peasant appe>$ ) an ass1 :i* he noisily drove be=e him into ! poor %elt]4 ,g 91 g 96 he cri$ to 8 bea/2 we %all be mo/ com=table "h4 ,x appe>$ t he 0 afraid t if ! ,bro!rs rema9$ !re mu* long] !y w\ld beg9 to ?9k ?is des]t$ place 0 _! own4#a ,su* rud5ess 0 v displeas+ to ,francis1 :o imm$iately arose & dep>t$1 foll[$ by 8 companions4 ,n[ t !y 7 s num]\s ! ,bro!rs c\ld no long] cont9ue _! w&]+ life 9 all respects z 9 ! pa/2 !y _h ne$ ( a p]man5t %elt] & above all ( a little *apel4 ,!y address$ !mselves 9 va9 fir/ to ! bi%op & !n to ! canons ( ,san ,ruf9o = ! loan ( :at !y ne$$1 b 7 m =tunate ) ! abbot ( ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,m\nt ,subasio1 :o c$$ to !m 9 p]petuity ! use ( a *apel already v de> to _! he>ts1 ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli or ! ,portiuncula4#b ,francis 0 en*ant$2 he saw a my/]i\s h>mony1 orda9$ by ,god himself1 betwe5 ! "n ( ! humble sanctu>y & t ( 8 ,ord]4 ,! bre?r5 quickly built = !mselves a few huts2 a quickset h$ge s]v$ z enclos+ wall1 & ?us 9 ?ree or f\r days 0 organiz$ ! fir/ ,franciscan conv5t4 ,= t5 ye>s !y 7 satisfi$ ) ?is4 ,^! t5 ye>s are ! h]oic p]iod ( ! ,ord]4 ,/4 ,francis1 9 full possession ( 8 ideal1 w seek to inculcate x ^u 8 disciples & w succe$ sometimes2 b already ! too rapid multiplication ( ! bro!rhood w provoke "s symptoms ( relaxation4 ,! remembrance ( ! beg9n+ ( ?is p]iod has drawn f ! lips ( ,?omas ( ,celano a sort ( canticle 9 honor ( ! mona/ic life4 ,x is ! burn+ & untranslatable comm5t>y ( ! ,psalmi/'s cry3 ,behold h[ sweet & pleasant x is to be bre?r5 & to dwell toge!r4 ,_! cloi/] 0 ! =e/ :i* !n ext5d$ on all sides ( ,portiuncula1 occupy+ a l>ge "p ( ! pla94 ,!re !y ga!r$ ar\nd _! ma/] to receive 8 spiritual c\nsels1 & ?i!r !y retir$ to m$itate & pray4#c ,x w\ld be a gross mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to suppose t contemplation absorb$ !m completely dur+ ! days :i* 7 n consecrat$ to mission>y t\rs3 a "p ( _! "t 0 sp5t 9 manual labor4 ,! int5tions ( ,/4 ,francis h be5 m misappreh5d$ on ?is po9t ?an on any o!r1 b x may be said t n[h]e is he m cle> ?an :5 he orda9s t 8 fri>s %all ga9 _! livelihood by ! "w ( _! h&s4 ,he nev] dream$ ( creat+ a m5dicant ord]1 he creat$ a labor+ ord]4 ,x is true we %all (t5 see him begg+ & urg+ 8 disciples to d z mu*1 b ^! incid5ts ought n to mislead u2 !y are meant to tea* t :5 a fri> arriv$ 9 any locality & !re sp5t 8 /r5g? = long days 9 disp5s+ spiritual bread to fami%$ s\ls1 he ought n to blu% to receive mat]ial bread 9 ex*ange4 ,to "w 0 ! rule1 to beg ! exception2 b ?is exception 0 9 n[ise di%onorable4 ,did n ,jesus1 ! ,virg91 ! disciples live on bread be/[$8 ,0 x n r5d]+ a great s]vice to ^? to :om !y resort$ to tea* !m *>ity8 ,francis 9 8 poetic language gave ! "n ( m5sa ,dom9i1 ! table ( ! ,"l1 to ?is table ( love ar\nd :i* ga!r$ ! little poor ones4 ,! bread ( *>ity is ! bread ( angels2 & x is also t ( ! birds1 :i* reap n nor ga!r into b>ns4 ,we are f> en\gh1 9 ?is case1 f t m5dicity :i* is und]/ood z a means ( exi/5ce & ! ess5tial condition ( a life ( idl5ess4 ,x is ! opposite extreme1 & we are true & j to ,/4 ,francis & to ! orig9 ( ! m5dicant ord]s only :5 we d n sep>ate ! obligation ( labor f ! praise ( m5dicity4#d ,no d\bt ?is zeal did n la/ long1 & ,?omas ( ,celano already entitles 8 *apt]s1 ,lam5t be=e ,god ov] ! idl5ess & gluttony ( ! fri>s2 b we mu/ n p]mit ?is spe$y & inevitable decad5ce to veil f our sight ! holy & manly beauty ( ! orig94 ,) all 8 g5tl5ess ,francis knew h[ to %[ an inflexible sev]ity t[>d ! idle2 he ev5 w5t s f> z to dismiss a fri> :o refus$ to "w4#e ,no?+ 9 ?is matt] bett] %[s ! int5tions ( ! ,pov]ello ?an ! life ( ,bro!r ,egidio1 "o ( 8 de>e/ companions1 him ( :om he said ) a smile3 ,he is "o ( ! palad9s ( my ,r\nd ,table4 ,bro!r ,egidio _h a ta/e = great adv5tures1 & is a liv+ example ( a ,franciscan ( ! e>lie/ days2 he surviv$ 8 ma/] tw5ty-five ye>s1 & nev] ceas$ to obey ! lett] & _s ( ! ,rule ) fre$om & simplicity4 ,we f9d him "o day sett+ out on a pilgrimage to ! ,holy ,l&4 ,arriv$ at ,br9disi1 he borr[$ a wat]-jug t he might c>ry wat] :ile he 0 await+ ! dep>ture ( ! %ip1 & pass$ a "p ( e day 9 cry+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! city3 ,alla fresca6 ,alla fresca6 l o!r wat]-c>ri]s4 ,b he w\ld *ange 8 trade accord+ to ! c\ntry & ! circum/ances2 on 8 way back1 at ,ancona1 he procur$ will[ = mak+ baskets1 :i* he aft]w>d sold1 n = money b = 8 food4 ,x ev5 happ5$ to him to be employ$ 9 bury+ ! dead4 ,s5t to ,rome1 e morn+ aft] f9i%+ 8 religi\s duties1 he w\ld take a walk ( sev]al leagues1 to a c]ta9 =e/1 :5ce he br\ght a load ( wood4 ,com+ back "o day he met a lady :o want$ to buy x2 !y agre$ on a price1 & ,egidio c>ri$ x to h] h\se4 ,b :5 he arriv$ at ! h\se %e p]ceiv$ him to be a fri>1 & w\ld h giv5 him m ?an ! price agre$ ^u4 ,my good lady1 he repli$1 ,i w n p]mit myself to be ov]come by av>ice1 & he dep>t$ )\t accept+ any?+ at all4 ,9 ! olive season he help$ 9 ! ga!r+2 9 grape season he (f]$ himself z v9tag]4 ,"o day on ! ,piazza di ,roma1 :]e m5 are hir$ = day's "w1 he saw a padrone :o c\ld n f9d a man to ?ra% 8 walnut tree2 x 0 s high t no "o d>$ risk himself 9 x4 ,if y w give me "p ( ! nuts1 said ,egidio1 ,i w d x will+ly4 ,! b>ga9 /ruck & ! tree ?ra%$1 !re prov$ to be s _m nuts t he did n "k :]e to put 8 %>e4 ,ga!r+ up 8 tunic he made a bag ( x & full ( joy return$ to ,rome1 :]e he di/ribut$ !m among all ! poor :om he met4 ,is n ?is a *>m+ incid5t8 ,does x n by itself alone reveal ! fre%ness1 ! y\?1 ! k9dness ( he>t ( ! fir/ ,franciscans8 ,!re is no end to ! /ories ( ! +5u\sness ( ,bro!r ,egidio4 ,all k9ds ( "w seem$ good to him provid$ he _h "t en\gh 9 ! morn+ = 8 religi\s duties4 ,n[ he is 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,cell>] ( ! ,f\r ,cr[ns at ,rome1 sift+ fl\r & c>ry+ wat] to ! conv5t f ! well ( ,san ,si/o4 ,n[ he is at ,rieti1 :]e he cons5ts to rema9 ) ,c>d9al ,ni*olas1 br++ to e meal ! bread :i* he _h e>n$1 not)/&+ ! entreaties ( ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 :o w\ld gladly h provid$ = 8 wants4 ,"o day x ra9$ s h>d t ,bro!r ,egidio c\ld n ?9k ( go+ out2 ! c>d9al 0 already mak+ m]ry ov] ! ?\ght t he w\ld be =c$ to accept bread t he _h n e>n$4 ,b ,egidio w5t to ! kit*51 & f9d+ t x ne$$ clean+ he p]suad$ ! cook to let him sweep x1 & return$ triumphant ) ! bread he _h e>n$1 :i* he ate at ! c>d9al's table4#f ,f ! v beg9n+ ,egidio's life comm&$ respect2 x 0 at once s orig9al1 s gay1 s spiritual1#g & s my/ical1 t ev5 9 ! lea/ exact & mo/ exp&$ acc\nts 8 leg5d has rema9$ almo/ free f all addition4 ,he is1 aft] ,/4 ,francis1 ! f9e/ inc>nation ( ! ,franciscan _s4 ,! incid5ts :i* are "h cit$ are all1 s to speak1 illu/rations ( ! ,rule2 9 fact !re is no?+ m explicit ?an its comm&s ) respect to "w4 ,! ,bro!rs1 aft] ent]+ ^u ! ,ord]1 7 to cont9ue to ex]cise ! call+ :i* !y _h :5 9 ! _w1 & if !y _h none !y 7 to le>n "o4 ,= paym5t !y 7 to accept only ! food t 0 necess>y = !m1 b 9 case t 0 insuffici5t !y might beg4 ,9 addition !y 7 naturally p]mitt$ to own ! in/rum5ts ( _! call+4#h ,bro!r ,g9epro1 ^: acqua9tance we %all make fur!r on1 _h an awl1 & ga9$ 8 bread :]ev] he w5t by m5d+ %oes1 & we see ,/4 ,cl>a work+ ev5 on h] dea?-b$4 ,?is obligation to "w ) ! h&s m]its all ! m to be br\ght into ! light1 because x 0 de/9$ h>dly to survive ,/4 ,francis1 & because to x is due 9 "p ! orig9al "* ( ! fir/ g5]ation ( ! ,ord]4 ,yet ?is 0 n ! real reason = ! be+ ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,_! mission consi/$ above all 9 be+ ! sp\ses ( ,pov]ty4 ,t]rifi$ by ! ecclesia/ical disord]s ( ! "t1 haunt$ by pa9ful memories ( 8 pa/ life1 ,francis saw 9 money ! special in/rum5t ( ! devil2 9 mom5ts ( excitem5t he w5t s f> z to execrate x1 z if !re _h be5 9 ! metal itself a sort ( magical p[] & secret curse4 ,money 0 truly = him ! sacram5t ( evil4 ,?is is n ! place = ask+ if he 0 wrong2 grave au?ors h demon/rat$ at l5g? ! economic tr\bles :i* w\ld h be5 let loose ^u ! _w if m5 _h foll[$ him4 ,alas6 8 madness1 if madness x 71 is a k9d ( :i* "o ne$ n fe> ! contagion4 ,he felt t 9 ?is respect ! ,rule c\ld n be too absolute1 & t if un=tunately ! door 0 op5$ to v>i\s int]pretations ( x1 !re w\ld be no /opp+-po9t4 ,! c\rse ( ev5ts & ! p]iodical convulsions :i* %ook 8 ,ord] %[ cle>ly en\gh h[ rightly he judg$4 ,i d n "k nor desire to "k if !ologians h yet come to a sci5tific conclusion ) reg>d to ! pov]ty ( ,jesus1 b x seems evid5t to me t pov]ty ) ! labor ( ! h&s is ! ideal held up by ! ,galilean to ! ef=ts ( 8 disciples4 ,/ill x is easy to see t ,franciscan pov]ty is nei!r to be conf\nd$ ) ! unfeel+ pride ( ! /oic1 nor ) ! /upid horror ( all joy felt by c]ta9 devotees2 ,/4 ,francis r5\nc$ ev]y?+ only t he might ! bett] possess ev]y?+4 ,! lives ( ! imm5se majority ( our contempor>ies are rul$ by ! fatal error t ! m "o possesses ! m "o enjoys4 ,our ext]ior1 civil lib]ties cont9ually increase1 b at ! same "t our inw>d fre$om is tak+ flight2 h[ _m are !re among u :o are lit]ally possess$ by :at !y possess8#i ,pov]ty n only p]mitt$ ! ,bro!rs to m+le ) ! poor & speak to !m ) au?ority1 b1 remov+ f !m all mat]ial anxiety1 x left !m free to enjoy )\t h9drance ^? hidd5 treasures :i* nature res]ves = pure ideali/s4 ,! ev]-?ick5+ b>ri]s :i* mod]n life1 ) its sickly se>* = useless com=t1 has set up betwe5 u & nature did n exi/ = ^! m51 s full ( y\? & life1 eag] = wide spaces & ! out] air4 ,?is is :at gave ,/4 ,francis & 8 companions t quick susceptibility to ,nature :i* made !m ?rill 9 my/]i\s h>mony ) h]4 ,_! communion ) ,nature 0 s intimate1 s ard5t1 t ,umbria1 ) ! h>moni\s poetry ( its skies1 ! joyful outbur/ ( its spr+-"t1 is /ill ! be/ docum5t f :i* to /udy !m4 ,! tie betwe5 ! two is s indissoluble1 t aft] hav+ liv$ a c]ta9 "t 9 company ) ,/4 ,francis1 "o c h>dly1 on read+ c]ta9 passages ( 8 biograph]s1 help see+ ! spot :]e ! incid5t took place1 he>+ ! vague s\nds ( creatures & ?+s1 precisely z1 :5 read+ c]ta9 pages ( a belov$ au?or1 "o he>s ! s\nd ( 8 voice4 ,! wor%ip ( ,pov]ty ( ! e>ly ,franciscans _h 9 x1 !n1 no?+ ascetic or b>b>\s1 no?+ :i* recalls ! ,/ylites or ! ,nazirs4 ,%e 0 _! bride1 & l true lov]s !y felt no fatigues :i* !y might endure to f9d & rema9 ne> h]4 ,la lor concordia e lor lieti sembianti1 ,amor e m>aviglia e dolce sgu>do ,facean ess] cagion de' p5si] santi4#aj ,to draw ! portrait ( an ideal knight at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is to draw ,francis's v portrait1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t :at ! knight did = 8 lady1 he did = ,pov]ty4 ,?is comp>ison is n a m]e caprice2 he himself pr(\ndly felt x & express$ x ) p]fect cle>ness1 & x is only by keep+ x cle>ly pres5t 9 ! m9d t we c see into ! v dep? ( 8 he>t4#aa ,to f9d any o!r s\ls ( ! same nature "o mu/ come d[n to ,giovanni di ,p>ma & ,jacoponi di ,todi4 ,! life ( ,/4 ,francis z tr\bad\r has be5 writt52 x w\ld h be5 bett] to write x z knight1 = ?is is ! explanation ( 8 :ole life1 & z x 7 ! he>t ( 8 he>t4 ,f ! day :51 =gett+ ! songs ( 8 fri5ds & sudd5ly /opp$ 9 ! public place ( ,assisi1 he met ,pov]ty1 8 bride1 & swore to h] fai? & love1 d[n to t ev5+ :51 nak$ ^u ! nak$ e>? ( ,portiuncula1 he brea!d out 8 life1 x may be said t all 8 ?\ghts w5t out to ?is lady ( 8 *a/e loves4 ,= tw5ty ye>s he s]v$ h] )\t falt]+1 sometimes ) an artlessness :i* w\ld appe> infant9e1 if some?+ inf9itely s9c]e & sublime did n arre/ ! smile ^u ! mo/ sceptical lips4 ,pov]ty agre$ m>vell\sly ) t ne$ :i* m5 _h at t "t1 & :i* p]haps !y h lo/ less ?an !y suppose1 ! ne$ ( an ideal v high1 v pure1 my/]i\s1 inaccessible1 :i* yet !y may picture to !mselves 9 concrete =m4 ,sometimes a few privileg$ disciples saw ! lovely & pure ,lady desc5d f heav5 to salute h] sp\se1 b1 :e!r visible or n1 %e always kept close beside h] ,umbrian lov]1 z %e kept close beside ! ,galilean2 9 ! /able ( ! nativity1 ^u ! cross at ,golgo?a1 & ev5 9 ! borr[$ tomb :]e 8 body lay4 ,dur+ sev]al ye>s ?is ideal 0 n alone t ( ,/4 ,francis1 b also ( all ! ,bro!rs4 ,9 pov]ty ! g5te pov]elle _h f\nd safety1 love1 lib]ty2 & all ! ef=ts ( ! new apo/les are direct$ to ! keep+ ( ?is preci\s treasure4 ,_! wor%ip sometimes might seem excessive4 ,!y %[$ _! sp\se ^? delicate att5tions1 ^? ref9em5ts ( c\rtesy s frequ5t 9 ! morn+ light ( a betro?al1 b :i* "o gradually =gets till !y become incompreh5sible4#ab ,! numb] ( disciples cont9ually increas$2 almo/ e week br\ght new recruits2 ! ye> #abaa 0 )\t d\bt devot$ by ,francis to a t\r 9 ,umbria & ! neighbor+ prov9ces4 ,8 s]mons 7 %ort appeals to consci5ce2 8 he>t w5t out to 8 he>]s 9 ineffable tones1 s t :5 m5 tri$ to repeat :at !y _h he>d !y f\nd !mselves incapable4#ac ,! ,rule ( #abba has pres]v$ = u a summ>y ( ^! appeals3 ,"h is an exhortation :i* all ! ,bro!rs may make :5 !y ?9k be/3 ,fe> & honor ,god1 praise & bless him4 ,give ?anks unto him4 ,adore ! ,"l1 ,almighty ,god1 9 ,tr9ity & unity1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,rep5t & make fruits meet = rep5tance1 = y "k t we %all soon die4 ,give1 & x %all be giv5 unto y4 ,=give1 & y %all be =giv52 = if y =give n1 ,god w n =give y4 ,bless$ are !y :o die rep5t+1 = !y %all be 9 ! k+dom ( heav54444 ,ab/a9 c>efully f all evil1 & p]sev]e 9 ! good until ! end4#ad ,we see h[ simple & purely e?ical 0 ! e>ly ,franciscan prea*+4 ,! complications ( dogma & s*ola/icism are entirely abs5t f x4 ,to und]/& h[ new ?is 0 & h[ refre%+ to ! s\l we mu/ /udy ! disciples t came aft] him4 ,) ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua 7,cross ,june #ac1 #abca2 canoniz$ 9 #abccae71 ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( !m all1 ! desc5t is imm5se4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ^! two m5 is z great z t :i* sep>ates ,jesus f ,/4 ,paul4 ,i d n judge ! disciple2 he 0 ( 8 "t 9 n kn[+ h[ to say simply :at he ?\ght1 9 always desir+ to subtilize x1 to extract x f passages 9 ! ,bible turn$ f _! natural mean+ by ef=ts at once labori\s & pu]ile2 :at ! al*emi/s did 9 _! cont9ual mak+ ( /range mixtures f :i* !y fanci$ t !y %\ld br+ out gold1 ! prea*]s did to ! texts1 9 ord] to br+ out ! tru?4 ,! orig9ality ( ,/4 ,francis is only ! m brilliant & m]itori\s2 ) him gospel simplicity reappe>$ ^u ! e>?4#af ,l ! l>k ) :i* he s mu* lov$ to comp>e himself1#ag he 0 at 8 ease only 9 ! op5 sky4 ,he rema9$ ?us until 8 dea?4 ,! epi/le to all ,*ri/ians :i* he dictat$ 9 ! la/ weeks ( 8 life repeats ! same ideas 9 ! same t]ms1 p]haps ) a little m feel+ & a %ade ( sadness4 ,! ev5+ breeze :i* brea!d ^u 8 face & bore away 8 words 0 _! symbolical accompanim5t4 ,i1 ,bro!r ,francis1 ! lea/ ( y\r s]vants1 pray & conjure y by t ,love :i* is ,god himself1 will+ to ?r[ myself at y\r feet & kiss !m1 to receive ) humility & love ^! words & all o!rs ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 to put !m to pr(it & c>ry !m out4 ,?is 0 n a m or less oratorical =mula4 ,h5ce conv]sions multipli$ ) an incr$ible rapidity4 ,(t51 z =m]ly ) ,jesus1 a look1 a ^w suffic$ ,francis to atta* to himself m5 :o w\ld foll[ him until _! dea?4 ,x is impossible1 alas6 to analyze ! be/ ( ?is eloqu5ce1 all made ( love1 intimate appreh5sion1 & fire4 ,! writt5 ^w c no m give an idea ( x ?an x c give u an idea ( a sonata ( ,bee?ov5 or a pa9t+ by ,rembr&t4 ,we are (t5 amaz$1 on read+ ! memoirs ( ^? :o h be5 great conqu]ors ( s\ls1 to f9d ourselves rema9+ cold1 f9d+ 9 !m all no trace ( animation or orig9ality4 ,x is because we h only a lifeless relic 9 ! h&2 ! s\l is gone4 ,x is ! :ite waf] ( ! sacram5t1 b h[ %all t r\se 9 u ! emotions ( ! belov$ disciple ly+ on ! ,"l's brea/ on ! night ( ! ,la/ ,supp]8 ,! class f :i* ,francis recruit$ 8 disciples 0 /ill ab\t ! same2 !y 7 ne>ly all "y m5 ( ,assisi & its environs1 "s ! sons ( agriculturi/s1 & o!rs nobles2 ! ,s*ool & ! ,*ur* 0 v little repres5t$ among !m4#ah ,ev]y?+ /ill w5t on ) an unhe>d-( simplicity4 ,9 !ory1 ob$i5ce to ! sup]ior 0 absolute2 9 practice1 we c see ,francis cont9ually giv+ 8 companions complete lib]ty ( action4#ai ,m5 ent]$ ! ,ord] )\t a novitiate ( any sort2 x suffic$ to say to ,francis t !y want$ to lead ) him a life ( evangelical p]fection1 & to prove x by giv+ all t !y possess$ to ! poor4 ,! m unpret5d+ 7 ! neophytes1 ! m t5d]ness he _h = !m4 ,l 8 ,ma/]1 he _h a p>tiality = ^? :o 7 lo/1 = m5 :om regul> society ca/s out ( its limits1 b :o ) all _! crimes & sc&als are ne>] to sa9?ood ?an m$iocrities & hypocrites4 ,"o day ,/4 ,francis1 pass+ by ! des]t ( ,borgo ,san ,sepolcro came to a place call$ ,monte-,casale1#bj & behold a noble & ref9$ "y man came to him4 ,fa!r1 he said1 ,i w\ld gladly be "o ( y\r disciples4 ,my son1 said ,/4 ,francis1 y are "y1 ref9$1 & noble2 y w n be able to foll[ pov]ty & live wret*$ l u4 ,b1 my fa!r1 are n y m5 l me8 ,:at y d ,i c d ) ! grace ( ,jesus4 ,?is reply 0 well-pleas+ to ,/4 ,francis1 :o1 giv+ him 8 bless+1 incont95tly receiv$ him into ! ,ord] "u ! "n ( ,bro!r ,angelo4 ,he conduct$ himself s well t a little :ile aft] he 0 made gu>dian#ba ( ,monte-,casale4 ,n[1 9 ^? times !re 7 ?ree fam\s robb]s :o did mu* evil 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!y came to ! h]mitage "o day to beg ,bro!r ,angelo to give !m some?+ to eat2 b he repli$ to !m ) sev]e reproa*es3 ,:at6 robb]s1 evil-do]s1 assass9s1 h y n only no %ame = /eal+ ! goods ( o!rs1 b y w\ld f>!r dev\r ! alms ( ! s]vants ( ,god1 y :o are n wor?y to live1 & :o h respect nei!r = m5 nor = ,god y\r ,creator4 ,dep>t1 & let me nev] see y "h aga96 ,!y w5t away full ( rage4 ,b behold1 ! ,sa9t return$1 br++ a wallet ( bread & a bottle ( w9e :i* _h be5 giv5 him1 & ! gu>dian told him h[ he _h s5t away ! robb]s2 !n ,/4 ,francis reprov$ him sev]ely = %[+ himself s cruel4444 ,i comm& !e by ?9e ob$i5ce1 said he1 to take at once ?is loaf & ?is w9e & g seek ! robb]s by hill & dell until y h f\nd !m1 to (f] !m ?is z f me1 & to kneel !re be=e !m & humbly ask _! p>don1 & pray !m 9 my "n no long] to d wrong b to fe> ,god2 & if !y d x1 ,i promise to provide = all _! wants1 to see t !y always h en\gh to eat & dr9k4 ,aft] t y may humbly return hi!r4 ,bro!r ,angelo did all t _h be5 comm&$ him1 :ile ,/4 ,francis on 8 "p pray$ ,god to conv]t ! robb]s4 ,!y return$ ) ! bro!r1 & :5 ,/4 ,francis gave !m ! assurance ( ! p>don ( ,god1 !y *ang$ _! lives & ent]$ ! ,ord]1 9 :i* !y liv$ & di$ mo/ holily4#bb ,:at has sometimes be5 said ( ! voice ( ! blood is /ill m true ( ! voice ( ! s\l4 ,:5 a man truly wak5s ano!r to moral life1 he ga9s = himself an unspeakable gratitude4 ,! ^w ma/] is (t5 pr(an$1 b x c express ! noble/ & pure/ ( e>?ly ties4 ,:o are ^? among u1 :o 9 ! h\rs ( manly innoc5ce :5 !y exam9e _! own consci5ces1 d n see ris+ up be=e !m f out ( ! pa/ ! ev] belov$ & lov+ face ( "o :o1 p]haps )\t kn[+ x1 initiat$ !m into spiritual ?+s8 ,at su* a "t we w\ld ?r[ ourselves at ! feet ( ?is fa!r1 w\ld tell him 9 burn+ words ( our admiration & gratitude4 ,we _c d x1 = ! s\l has its own ba%fulness2 b :o kn[s t our disquietude & emb>rassm5t d n betray u1 & unveil1 bett] ?an words c\ld d1 ! dep?s ( our he>t8 ,! air !y brea!d at ,portiuncula 0 all impregnat$ ) joy & gratitude l ?is4 ,to _m ( ! ,bro!rs1 ,/4 ,francis 0 truly a savi\r2 he _h deliv]$ !m f *a9s heavi] ?an ^? ( prisons4 ,& !re=e _! greate/ desire 0 9 _! turn to call o!rs to ?is same lib]ty4 ,we h already se5 ,bro!r ,b]n>do on a mission to ,flor5ce a few mon?s aft] 8 entrance into ! ,ord]4 ,arriv$ at maturity :5 he put on ! habit1 he appe>s 9 "s degree ! s5ior ( ?is apo/olic college4 ,he knew h[ to obey ,/4 ,francis & rema9 fai?ful to ! v end to ! ideal ( ! e>ly days2 b he _h no long] t privilege ( ! "y--( ,bro!r ,leo1 = example--( be+ able to trans=m himself almo/ entirely into ! image ( him :om he admir$4 ,8 physiognomy has n t t\* ( juv5ile orig9ality1 ( poetic fancy1 :i* is s great a *>m ( ! o!rs4 ,t[>d ?is epo* two ,bro!rs ent]$ ! ,ord]1 m5 su* z ! successors ( ,/4 ,francis nev] receiv$1 ^: hi/ory ?r[s a bright light on ! simplicity ( ! e>ly days4 ,x w be rememb]$ ) :at zeal ,francis _h repair$ sev]al *ur*es2 8 solicitude w5t fur!r2 he saw a sort ( pr(anation 9 ! neglig5ce ) :i* mo/ ( !m 7 kept2 ! want ( cleanl9ess ( ! sacr$ objects1 ill-conceal$ by t9sel1 gave him a sort ( pa91 & x (t5 happ5$ t :5 he 0 go+ to prea* some:]e he secretly call$ toge!r ! prie/s ( ! locality & implor$ !m to look aft] ! dec5cy ( ! s]vice4 ,b ev5 9 ^! cases he 0 n cont5t to prea* only 9 words2 b9d+ toge!r "s /alks ( hea!r he w\ld make !m into brooms = sweep+ out ! *ur*es4 ,"o day 9 ! suburbs ( ,assisi he 0 p]=m+ ?is task :5 a peasant appe>$1 :o _h left 8 ox5 & c>t out 9 ! fields :ile he came to gaze at him4 ,bro!r1 said he on ent]+1 give me ! broom4 ,i w help y1 & he swept out ! re/ ( ! *ur*4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$1 ,bro!r1 he said to ,francis1 = a long "t ,i h decid$ to s]ve ,god1 especially :5 ,i he>d m5 speak ( y4 ,b ,i nev] knew h[ to f9d y4 ,n[ x has pleas$ ,god t we %\ld meet1 & h5ce=? ,i %all d :atev] y may please to comm& me4 ,francis see+ 8 f]vor felt a great joy2 x seem$ to him t ) 8 simplicity & hone/y he w\ld become a good fri>4 ,x appe>s inde$ t he _h only too mu* simplicity1 = aft] 8 reception he felt himself b\nd to imitate e motion ( ! ma/]1 & :5 ! latt] c\gh$1 spat1 or sigh$1 he did ! same4 ,at la/ ,francis notic$ x & g5tly reprov$ him4 ,lat] he became s p]fect t ! o!r fri>s admir$ him greatly1 & aft] 8 dea?1 :i* took place n long aft]1 ,/4 ,francis lov$ to relate 8 conv]sion1 call+ him n ,bro!r ,john1 b ,bro!r ,/4 ,john4#bc ,g9epro is /ill m celebrat$ = 8 holy follies4 ,"o day he w5t to see a sick ,bro!r & (f]$ him 8 s]vices4 ,! pati5t confess$ t he _h a great long+ to eat a pig's foot2 ! visitor imm$iately ru%$ out1 & arm$ ) a knife ran to ! neighbor+ =e/1 :]e1 espy+ a troop ( pigs1 he cut (f a foot ( "o ( !m1 return+ to ! mona/]y full ( pride ov] 8 trophy4 ,! own] ( ! pigs %ortly foll[$1 h[l+ l mad1 b ,g9epro w5t /raight to him & po9t$ out ) s mu* volubility t he _h done him a great s]vice1 t ! man1 aft] ov]:elm+ him ) reproa*es1 sudd5ly begg$ p>don1 kill$ ! pig & invit$ all ! ,bro!rs to fea/ ^u x4 ,g9epro 0 probably less mad ?an ! /ory w\ld lead u to suppose2 ,franciscan humility nev] _h a m s9c]e disciple2 he c\ld n endure ! tok5s ( admiration :i* ! populace v e>ly lavi%$ on ! gr[+ ,ord]1 & :i* by _! extravagance contribut$ s mu* to its decad5ce4 ,"o day1 z he 0 ent]+ ,rome1 ! report ( 8 arrival spread abroad1 & a great cr[d came out to meet him4 ,to escape 0 impossible1 b he sudd5ly _h an inspiration2 ne> ! gate ( ! city "s *ildr5 7 play+ at see-saw2 to ! great amazem5t ( ! ,romans ,g9epro jo9$ !m1 &1 )\t he$+ ! salutations address$ to him1 rema9$ s absorb$ 9 8 play t at la/ 8 indignant admir]s dep>t$4#bd ,x is cle> t ! life at ,portiuncula mu/ h be5 v diff]5t f t ( an ord9>y conv5t4 ,s mu* y\?1#be simplicity1 love1 quickly drew ! eyes ( m5 t[>d x4 ,f all sides !y 7 turn$ to ^? ?at*$ huts1 :]e dwelt a spiritual family ^: memb]s lov$ "o ano!r m ?an m5 love on e>?1 lead+ a life ( labor1 mir?1 & devotion4 ,! humble *apel seem$ a new ,zion de/9$ to enlight5 ! _w1 & _m 9 _! dreams beheld bl9d humanity com+ to kneel !re & recov] sight4#bf ,among ! fir/ disciples :o jo9$ !mselves to ,/4 ,francis we mu/ m5tion ,bro!r ,silve/ro1 ! fir/ prie/ :o ent]$ ! ,ord]1 ! v same :om we h already se5 ! day t ,b]n>do di ,qu9tevalle di/ribut$ 8 goods among ! poor4 ,s9ce !n he _h n _h a mom5t's peace1 bitt]ly reproa*+ himself = 8 av>ice2 night & day he ?\ght only ( t1 & 9 8 dreams he saw ,francis exorcis+ a horrid mon/] :i* infe/$ all ! region4#bg ,by 8 age & ! nature ( ! memory he has left beh9d him ,silve/ro resembles ,bro!r ,b]n>do4 ,he 0 :at is usually und]/ood by a holy prie/1 b no?+ d5otes t he _h ! truly ,franciscan love ( great ent]prises1 di/ant j\rneys1 p]il\s missions4 ,)drawn into "o ( ! grottos ( ! ,c>c]i1 absorb$ 9 ! contemplative life1 he gave spiritual c\nsels to 8 bre?r5 z occasion s]v$4#bh ,! typical ,franciscan prie/ is ,bro!r ,leo4 ,! date ( 8 entrance into ! ,ord] is n exactly kn[n1 b we are probably n f> f ! tru? 9 plac+ x ab\t #abad4 ,( a *>m+ simplicity1 t5d]1 affectionate1 ref9$1 he is1 ) ,bro!r ,elias1 ! "o :o plays ! noble/ "p dur+ ! obscure ye>s 9 :i* ! new re=m 0 be+ elaborat$4 ,becom+ ,francis's confessor & secret>y1 treat$ by him z 8 favorite son1 he excit$ mu* opposition1 & 0 to ! end ( 8 long life ! head ( ! /rict obs]vance4#bi ,"o w9t]'s day1 ,/4 ,francis 0 go+ ) ,bro!r ,leo f ,p]ugia to ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 & ! cold1 be+ int5se1 made !m %iv]2 he call$ ,bro!r ,leo1 :o 0 walk+ a little 9 advance1 & said3 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 may x please ,god t ! ,bro!rs ,m9or all ov] ! _w may give a great example ( hol9ess & edification2 write1 h[ev]1 & note ) c>e1 t n 9 ?is is ! p]fect joy4 ,/4 ,francis1 go+ on a little f>!r1 call$ him a second "t3 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 if ! ,bro!rs ,m9or gave sight to ! bl9d1 heal$ ! infirm1 ca/ out demons1 gave he>+ to ! deaf1 or ev5 :at is mu* m1 if !y rais$ ! f\r days dead1 write t n 9 ?is is ! p]fect joy4 ,go+ on a little f>!r he cri$3 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 if ! ,bro!r ,m9or knew all languages1 all sci5ce1 & all scriptures1 if he c\ld prophesy & reveal n only future ?+s b ev5 ! secrets ( consci5ces & ( s\ls1 write t n 9 ?is consi/s ! p]fect joy4 ,go+ a little f>!r ,/4 ,francis call$ to him aga93 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 little %eep ( ,god1 if ! ,bro!r ,m9or c\ld speak ! language ( angels1 if he knew ! c\rses ( ! />s & ! virtues ( plants1 if all ! treasures ( e>? 7 reveal$ to him1 & he knew ! qualities ( birds1 fi%es1 & all animals1 ( m51 trees1 rocks1 roots1 & wat]s1 write t n 9 ^! is ! p]fect joy4 ,& advanc+ /ill a little f>!r ,/4 ,francis call$ l\dly to him3 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 if ! ,bro!r ,m9or c\ld prea* s well z to conv]t all infidels to ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 write t n 9 ?is is ! p]fect joy4 ,:ile speak+ ?us !y _h already gone m ?an two miles1 & ,bro!r ,leo1 full ( surprise1 said to him3 ,fa!r1 ,i pray y 9 ,god's "n tell me 9 :at consi/s ! p]fect joy4 ,& ,/4 ,francis repli$3 ,:5 we arrive at ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 soak$ ) ra91 froz5 ) cold1 cov]$ ) mud1 dy+ ( hung]1 & we knock & ! port] comes 9 a rage1 say+1 ',:o are y8' & we answ]1 ',we are two ( y\r bre?r51' & he says1 ',y lie1 y are two lewd fell[s :o g up & d[n corrupt+ ! _w & /eal+ ! alms ( ! poor4 ,g away f "h6' & he does n op5 to u1 b leaves u outside %iv]+ 9 ! sn[ & ra91 froz51 />v$1 till night2 !n1 if ?us maltreat$ & turn$ away1 we pati5tly endure all )\t murmur+ aga9/ him1 if we ?9k ) humility & *>ity t ?is port] really kn[s u truly & t ,god makes him speak ?us to u1 !n1 ,o ,bro!r ,leo1 write t 9 ?is is ! p]fect joy4444 ,above all ! graces & all ! gifts :i* ! ,holy ,_s gives to 8 fri5ds is ! grace to conqu] oneself1 & will+ly to suff] pa91 outrages1 disgrace1 & evil treatm5t1 = ! love ( ,*ri/6#cj ,al?\gh by its slight & some:at playful "* ?is /ory recalls ! insipid /atues ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 x has ju/ly become celebrat$1 its _s is ?or\ghly ,franciscan2 t transc5d5t idealism1 :i* sees 9 p]fection & joy two equival5t t]ms1 & places p]fect joy 9 ! pure & s]5e region ( ! p]fect+ ( oneself2 t sublime simplicity :i* s easily puts 9 _! true place ! miracle-work] & ! s*ol>1 ^! are p]haps n entirely new2#ca b ,/4 ,francis mu/ h _h s+ul> moral /r5g? to impose ^u 8 contempor>ies ideas 9 su* absolute contradiction to _! habits & _! hopes2 = ! intellectual ari/ocracy ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ) "o accord f\nd ! p]fect joy 9 k1 :ile ! p f\nd x 9 miracles4 ,d\btless we mu/ n =get ^? great my/ical families1 :i*1 all ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages1 7 ! refuge ( ! noble/ s\ls2 b !y nev] _h ?is f9e simplicity4 ,! ,s*ool is always m or less ! gateway to my/icism2 x is possible only to an elect ( subtile m9ds2 a pi\s peasant seldom und]/&s ! ,imitation4 ,x may be said t all ,/4 ,francis's philosophy is conta9$ 9 ?is *apt] ( ! ,fioretti4#cb ,f x we =esee :at w be 8 attitude t[>d le>n+1 & are help$ to und]/& h[ x happ5s t ?is fam\s sa9t 0 s poor a miracle-work]4 ,twelve c5turies be=e1 ,jesus _h said1 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s4 ,bless$ are !y :o suff]4 ,! words ( ,/4 ,francis are only a comm5t>y1 b ?is comm5t>y is wor?y ( ! text4 ,x rema9s to say a ^w conc]n+ two disciples :o 7 always closely unit$ ) ,bro!r ,leo 9 ! ,franciscan memorials--,ruf9o & ,masseo4 ,born ( a noble family connect$ ) t ( ,/4 ,cl>a1 ! =m] 0 soon di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,ord] = 8 visions & ec/asies1 b 8 great timidity *eck$ him z soon z he tri$ to prea*3 = ?is reason he is always to be f\nd 9 ! mo/ isolat$ h]mitages--,c>c]i1 ,v]na1 ,greccio4#cc ,masseo1 ( ,m>ignano1 a small village 9 ! environs ( ,assisi1 0 8 v opposite2 h&some1 well made1 witty1 he attract$ att5tion by 8 f9e pres5ce & 8 great facility ( spee*2 he occupies a special place 9 popul> ,franciscan tradition4 ,he des]ves x4 ,/4 ,francis1 to te/ 8 humility1 made him ! port] & cook ( ! h]mitage1#cd b 9 ^! functions ,masseo %[$ himself to be s p]fectly a ,m9or t f t "t ! ma/] p>ticul>ly lov$ to h him = companion 9 8 mission>y j\rneys4 ,"o day !y 7 travell+ toge!r1 :5 !y arriv$ at ! int]section ( ! roads to ,si5na1 ,arezzo1 & ,flor5ce4 ,:i* "o %all we take8 ask$ ,masseo4 ,:i*ev] "o ,god wills4 ,b h[ %all we "k :i* "o ,god wills8 ,y %all see4 ,g & /& at ! cross+ ( ! roads1 turn r\nd & r\nd z ! *ildr5 d1 & d n /op until ,i bid y4 ,bro!r ,masseo began to turn2 seiz$ ) a v]tigo1 he 0 ne>ly fall+1 b caught himself up at once4 ,f9ally ,francis call$ out1 ,/op6 :i* way are y fac+8 ,t[>d ,si5na4 ,v well2 ,god wills t we g to ,si5na4#ce ,su* a me?od ( mak+ up "o's m9d is d\btless n = ! daily ne$s ( life1 b ,francis employ$ /ill o!rs1 l x1 if n 9 =m at lea/ 9 fact4 ,up to ?is "t we h se5 ! bre?r5 liv+ toge!r 9 _! h]mitages or rov+ ! highways1 prea*+ rep5tance4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be a mi/ake to ?9k t _! :ole lives 7 pass$ ?us4 ,to und]/& ! fir/ ,franciscans we mu/ absolutely =get :at !y may h be5 s9ce t "t1 & :at monks are 9 g5]al2 if ,portiuncula 0 a mona/]y x 0 also a work%op1 :]e ea* bro!r practis$ ! trade :i* _h be5 8 be=e ent]+ ! ,ord]2 b :at is /rang] /ill to our ideas1 ! ,bro!rs (t5 w5t out z s]vants4#cf ,bro!r ,egidio's case 0 n an exception1 x 0 ! rule4 ,?is did n la/ long1 = v soon ! fri>s :o ent]$ a h\se z dome/ics came to be treat$ z di/+ui%$ gue/s2 b 9 ! beg9n+ !y 7 lit]ally s]vants1 & took ^u !mselves ! mo/ m5ial labors4 ,among ! works :i* !y might und]take ,francis recomm5d$ above all ! c>e ( lep]s4 ,we h already se5 ! important "p :i* ^! un=tunates play$ 9 8 conv]sion2 he always reta9$ = !m a peculi> pity1 :i* he s\ght to make 8 disciples %>e4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! ,bro!rs ,m9or may be said to h gone f laz>etto to laz>etto1 prea*+ by day 9 ! t[ns & villages1 & retir+ at night to ^! refuges1 :]e !y r5d]$ to ^! pati5ts ( ,god ! mo/ repugnant s]vices4 ,! ,crucig]i1 :o took *>ge ( ! great] numb] ( lep]-h\ses1 always welcom$ ^! k9dly dispos$ aides1 :o1 f> f ask+ any sort ( recomp5se1 7 will+ to eat :atev] ! pati5ts might h left4#cg ,9 fact1 al?\gh creat$ solely = ! c>e ( lep]s1 ! ,bro!rs ( ?is ,ord] sometimes lo/ pati5ce :5 ! suff]]s 7 too exact+1 & in/ead ( be+ grateful _h only murmurs or ev5 reproa*es = _! b5efactors4 ,9 ^! desp]ate cases ! int]v5tion ( ,francis & 8 disciples 0 especially preci\s4 ,x (t5 happ5$ t a ,bro!r 0 put 9 special *>ge ( a s+le lep]1 ^: companion & s]vant he cont9u$ to be1 sometimes = a long p]iod4#ch ,! foll[+ n>rative %[s ,francis's love = ^! un=tunates1 & 8 me?od ) !m4#ci ,x happ5$ "o "t t ! ,bro!rs 7 s]v+ ! lep]s & ! sick 9 a hospital1 ne> to ! place :]e ,/4 ,francis 04 ,among !m 0 a lep] :o 0 s impati5t1 s cross-gra9$1 s un5durable1 t ev]yone believ$ him to be possess$ by ! devil1 & rightly en\gh1 = he heap$ insults & bl[s ^u ^? :o wait$ ^u him1 & :at 0 worse1 he cont9ually insult$ & blasphem$ ! bless$ ,*ri/ & 8 mo/ holy ,"m ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 s t !re 0 no long] anyone :o c\ld or w\ld wait ^u him4 ,! ,bro!rs w\ld will+ly h endur$ ! insults & abuse :i* he lavi%$ ^u !m1 9 ord] to augm5t ! m]it ( _! pati5ce1 b _! s\ls c\ld n cons5t to he> ^? :i* he utt]$ aga9/ ,*ri/ & 8 ,"m4 ,!y !re=e resolv$ to ab&on ?is lep]1 b n )\t hav+ told ! :ole /ory exactly to ,/4 ,francis1 :o at t "t 0 dwell+ n f> away4 ,:5 !y told him ,/4 ,francis betook himself to ! wick$ lep]2 ,may ,god give !e peace1 my mo/ de> bro!r1 he said to him z he drew ne>4 ,& :at peace1 ask$ ! lep]1 c ,i receive f ,god1 :o has tak5 away my peace & e good ?+1 & has made my body a mass ( /9k+ & corruption8 ,/4 ,francis said to him3 ,my bro!r1 be pati5t1 = ,god gives u diseases 9 ?is _w = ! salvation ( our s\ls1 & :5 we endure !m pati5tly !y are ! f\nta9 ( great m]it to u4 ,h[ c ,i endure pati5tly cont9ual pa9s :i* torture me day & night8 ,& x is n only my disease t ,i suff] f1 b ! fri>s t y gave me to wait ^u me are un5durable1 & d n take c>e ( me z !y ought4 ,!n ,/4 ,francis p]ceiv$ t ?is lep] 0 possess$ by ! _s ( evil1 & he betook himself to 8 knees 9 ord] to pray = him4 ,!n return+ he said to him3 ,my son1 s9ce y are n satisfi$ ) ! o!rs1 ,i w wait ^u y4 ,t is all v well1 b :at c y d = me m ?an !y8 ,i w d :atev] y wi%4 ,v well2 ,i wi% y to wa% me f head to foot1 = ,i smell s badly t ,i disgu/ myself4 ,!n ,/4 ,francis made ha/e to heat "s wat] ) _m sweet-smell+ h]bs2 next he took (f ! lep]'s clo!s & began to ba! him1 :ile a ,bro!r p\r$ out ! wat]4 ,& behold1 by a div9e miracle1 :]ev] ,/4 ,francis t\*$ him ) 8 holy h&s ! leprosy disappe>$ & ! fle% became p]fectly s\nd4 ,& 9 proportion z ! fle% 0 heal$ ! s\l ( ! wret*$ man 0 also heal$1 & he began to feel a lively sorr[ = 8 s9s1 & to weep bitt]ly4444 ,& be+ completely heal$ bo? 9 body & s\l1 he cri$ ) all 8 might3 ,woe unto me1 = ,i h des]v$ hell = ! abuses & outrages :i* ,i h said & done to ! ,bro!rs1 = my impati5ce & my blasphemies4 ,"o day1 ,bro!r ,john1 ^: simplicity we h already se51 & :o _h be5 especially put 9 *>ge ( a c]ta9 lep]1 took him = a walk to ,portiuncula1 z if he _h n be5 ! victim ( a contagi\s malady4 ,reproa*es 7 n sp>$ him2 ! lep] he>d !m & c\ld n hide 8 sadness & di/ress2 x seem$ to him l be+ a second "t bani%$ f ! _w4 ,francis 0 quick to rem>k all ?is & to feel %>p remorse = x2 ! ?\ght ( hav+ sadd5$ "o ( ,god's pati5ts 0 un5durable2 he n only begg$ 8 p>don1 b he caus$ food to be s]v$1 & sitt+ d[n beside him he %>$ 8 repa/1 eat+ f ! same porr+]4#dj ,we see ) :at p]sev]ance he pursu$ by e means ! realization ( 8 ideal4 ,! details j giv5 %[ ! ,umbrian movem5t1 z x appe>s to me1 to be "o ( ! mo/ humble & at ! same "t ! mo/ s9c]e & practical attempts to realize ! k+dom ( ,god on e>?4 ,h[ f> remov$ we are "h f ! sup]/iti\s vulg>ity ( ! me*anical devotion1 ! deceitful miracle-work+ ( c]ta9 ,ca?olics2 h[ f> also f ! commonplace1 complac5t1 quibbl+1 !oriz+ ,*ri/ianity ( c]ta9 ,prote/ants6 ,francis is ( ! race ( my/ics1 = no int]m$i>y comes betwe5 ,god & 8 s\l2 b 8 my/icism is t ( ,jesus lead+ 8 disciples to ! ,tabor ( contemplation2 b :51 ov]flood$ ) joy1 !y long to build tab]nacles t !y may rema9 on ! heights & satiate !mselves ) ! raptures ( ec/asy1 ,fools1 he says to !m1 ye "k n :at ye ask1 & direct+ _! gaze to ! cr[ds w&]+ l %eep hav+ no %eph]d1 he leads !m back to ! pla91 to ! mid/ ( ^? :o moan1 :o suff]1 :o blaspheme4 ,! high] ! moral /ature ( ,francis ! m he 0 expos$ to ! dang] ( be+ und]/ood only by ! v few1 & disappo9t$ by ^? :o 7 ne>e/ to him4 ,read+ ! ,franciscan au?ors1 "o feels e mom5t h[ ! radiant beauty ( ! model is m>r$ by ! awkw>dness ( ! disciple4 ,x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise1 & ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ?is ma/] & ! companions is evid5t f ! v beg9n+s ( ! ,ord]4 ,! great] numb] ( ! biograph]s h drawn ! veil ( oblivion ov] ! difficulties creat$ by c]ta9 ,bro!rs z well z ^? :i* came f ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 b we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$ by ?is almo/ univ]sal sil5ce4 ,"h & !re we f9d indications all ! m preci\s = be+1 s to say1 involunt>y4 ,bro!r ,ruf9o1 = example1 ! same :o 0 de/9$ to become "o ( ! intimates ( ,francis's lat] days1 assum$ an attitude ( revolt %ortly aft] 8 entrance into ! ,ord]4 ,he ?\ght x fooli% 9 ,francis :51 in/ead ( leav+ ! fri>s to give !mselves unceas+ly to pray]1 he s5t !m out 9 all directions to wait ^u lep]s4#da ,8 own ideal 0 ! life ( ! h]mits ( ! ,!baide1 z x is relat$ 9 ! !n popul> leg5ds ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,paconius1 & tw5ty o!rs4 ,he once pass$ ,l5t 9 "o ( ! grottos ( ! ,c>c]i4 ,holy ,?ursday hav+ arriv$1 ,francis1 :o 0 also !re1 summon$ all ! bre?r5 :o 7 disp]s$ ab\t ! neighborhood1 :e!r 9 grottos or huts1 to obs]ve ) him ! memories to :i* ?is day 0 consecrat$4 ,ruf9o refus$ to come2 ,= t matt]1 he add$1 ,i h decid$ to foll[ him no long]2 ,i mean to rema9 "h & live solit>y1 = 9 ?is way ,i %all be m surely sav$ ?an by submitt+ myself to ?is man & 8 nons5se4 ,"y & en?usia/ic = ! mo/ "p1 x 0 n always )\t difficulty t ! ,bro!rs =m$ ! habit ( keep+ _! "w 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,agree+ ) _! ma/] z to fundam5tals1 !y w\ld h lik$ to make m ( a /ir1 attract public att5tion by m obvi\s devotion2 !re 7 "s among !m :om x did n satisfy to be sa9ts1 b :o also wi%$ to appe> su*4 ,,footnotes3 #a #a ,cel41 #dd2 #c ,soc41 #ee4 #b #c ,soc41 #ef2 ,spec41 #cb;b2 ,con=m41 #bag;b1 #a2 ,fior4 ,bibl4 ,angel41 ,amoni1 p4 #cgh4 #c ,?is =e/ has disappe>$4 ,"s ( ,francis's c\nsels h be5 collect$ 9 ! ,admonitions4 ,see #a ,cel41 #cg-da4 #d ,vide ,angelo ,cl>5o1 ,tribul4 cod4 ,laur41 #c;b4 #e #b ,cel41 #c1 #ig & #ih4 ,! ,con=mities1 #adb;a1 #a1 cite textually #ig z com+ f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #fd;b4--#b ,cel41 #c1 #ba4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #aga;a1 #a2 ,spec41 #ai;b4 ,see especially ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 #g2 ,rule ( #abbc1 cap4 #e2 ! ,w & #c ,soc4 #da4 ,! passage1 liceat eis hab]e f]ram5ta et in/rum5ta suis artibus necess>ia1 suffici5tly proves t c]ta9 fri>s _h real trades4 #f ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 pp4 #bbj-bdh2 ,fior4 ,vita d',egidio2 ,spec41 #aeh ff2 ,con=m41 #ec-fj4 #g ,o!r examples w be f\nd bel[2 x may suffice to recall "h 8 sally3 ,! glori\s ,virg9 ,"m ( ,god _h s9n]s = p>5ts1 %e nev] ent]$ any religi\s ord]1 & yet %e is :at %e is6 ,a4 ,,ss41 loc4 cit41 p4 #bcd4 #h ,! passage ( ! ,w1 firmit] volo quod omnes labor5t1 444 has a capital importance because x %[s ,francis r5ew+ 9 ! mo/ solemn mann] injunctions already made f ! orig9 ( ! ,ord]4 ,cf4 #a ,cel41 #ch & #ci2 ,con=m41 #bai;b4 #a3 ,juvabant ,fratres paup]es hom9es 9 agris eorum et ipsi dabant po/ea eis de pane amore ,dei4 ,spec41 #cd2 #fi4 ,vide also ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 pp4 #bgb & #bii2 ,eccle/on1 #a & #ae2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ab4 #i ,nihil volebat proprietatis hab]e ut omnia pl5ius posset 9 ,dom9o possid]e4 ,b4 de ,besse1 #ajb;a4 #aj ,_! concord & _! joy\s semblances ,! love1 ! wond] & ! sweet reg>d ,!y made to be ! cause ( holy ?\ght4 ,,dante3 ,p>adiso1 canto xi41 v]ses #gf-gh4 ,longfell['s translation4 #aa ,amor factus 444 ca/is eam1 /r+it amplexibus nec ad horam patitur non esse muritus4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #a2 cf4 #a ,cel41 #ce2 #ea2 #ge2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abh2 #c ,soc41 #ae2 #bb2 #cc2 #ce2 #ej2 ,bon41 #hg2 ,fior4 #ac4 #ab ,bon41 #ic4--,prohibuit fratrem qui faciebat coqu9am ne pon]et legum9a de s]o 9 aqua calida quae debebat d>e fratribus ad m&uc&um die sequ5ti ut obs]vav]9t illud v]bum ,evangelii3 ,nolite solliciti esse de cra/9o4 ,spec41 #ae4 #ac #b ,cel41 #c1 #ej4 #ad ,cap41 #ba4 ,cf4 ,fior41 ,i4 consid41 #ah2 #cj2 ,con=m41 #ajc;a1 #b2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ii2 #ajj2 #aba4 ,vide ,muell]1 ,anfa5ge1 p4 #ahg4 #ae ,vide 8 ,op]a omnia po/illis illu/rata1 by ,fa!r de la ,haye1 #agci1 fo4 ,= 8 life1 ,surius & ,wadd+ arrang$ & mutilat$ ! s\rces to :i* !y _h access2 ! ,boll&i/s _h only a leg5d ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! ,lat9 manuscript #ad1cfc ( ! ,biblio!que ,nationale gives "o :i* dates f ! ?irte5?4 ,v ,rev4 ,fa!r ,hil>y1 ( ,p>is3 ,sa9t ,anto9e de ,padone1 sa leg5de primitive1 ,montreuil-sur-,m]1 ,imprim]ie ,notre-,dame-des-,pres1 #ahij1 #a vol41 #hvo4 ,cf4 ,leg5da seu vita et miracula ,s4 ,antonii saeculo xiii conc9nata ex cod4 memb4 antoniae biblio!cae a ,p4,m4 ,antonio ,m>ia ,josa m94 comv4 ,bologna1 #ahhc1 #a vol41 #hvo4 #af ,?is evangelical "* ( 8 mission is br\ght out 9 relief by all 8 biograph]s4 #a ,cel41 #ef2 #hd2 #hi2 #c ,soc4 #be2 #cd2 #dj2 #dc2 #de2 #dh2 #ea2 #eg2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #h2 #ej2 #ic4 #ag ,spec41 #acd2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abh4 #ah ,! ,ord] 0 at fir/ ess5tially lay 7at ! pres5t "t x is1 s f> z ,i "k1 ! only "o 9 :i* !re is no diff]5ce ( co/ume betwe5 laym5 & prie/s74 ,vide ,ehrle1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #efc4 ,x is ! influ5ce ( ! fri>s f nor!rn c\ntries :i* has especially *ang$ x 9 ?is matt]4 ,g5]al ,aymon1 ( ,fav]%am 7#abdj-abdc71 decid$ t laym5 %\ld be exclud$ f all *>ges2 laicos ad (ficia inhabilitavit1 quae usque tunc ut cl]ici ex]cebant4 7,*ron4 xxiv4 g54 cod4 ,gadd4 relig41 #ec1 fo #aaj;a74 ,among ! e>ly ,bro!rs :o refus$ ord9ation !re 7 surely "s :o did s f humility1 b ?is s5tim5t is n en\gh to expla9 all ! cases4 ,!re 7 also ) c]ta9 ( !m revolution>y desires & z x 7 a vague memory ( ! prophecies ( ,gioac*9o di ,fiore ^u ! age succe$+ t ( ! prie/s3 ,fior41 #bg4 ,frate ,pellegr9o non volle mai &>e come *i]ico1 ma come laico1 b5*e fassi molto litt]ato e gr&e decretali/a4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #ga;a41 #b4 ,fr4 ,?omas ,hib]nicus sibi pollecem amputavit ne ad sac]dotium cog]etur4 ,con=m41 #abd;b1 #b4 #ai ,see1 = example1 ! lett] to ,bro!r ,leo4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #ec;b1 #b4 ,fratri ,egidio d$it lic5tiam lib]am ut iret quocumque vellet et />et ubicumque sibi plac]et4 #bj ,! h]mitage ( ,monte-,casale1 at two h\rs walk nor!a/ f ,borgo ,san ,sepol]o1 /ill exi/s 9 its orig9al /ate4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ significant & curi\s ( ! ,franciscan des]ts4 #ba ,! (fice ( gu>dian 7sup]ior ( a mona/]y7 naturally dates f ! "t :5 ! ,bro!rs /ation$ !mselves 9 small gr\ps 9 ! villages ( ,umbria--t is to say1 mo/ probably f ! ye> #abaa4 ,a few ye>s lat] ! mona/]ies 7 unit$ to =m a cu/odia4 ,f9ally1 ab\t #abae1 ,c5tral ,italy 0 divid$ unto a c]ta9 numb] ( prov9ces ) prov9cial m9i/]s at _! head4 ,all ?is 0 done little by little1 = ,francis nev] p]mitt$ himself to regulate :at did n yet exi/4 #bb ,fior41 #bf2 ,con=m41 #aai;b1 #a4 ,cf4 ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 vii4 ,quicumque ad eos 7fratres7 v5]9t1 amicus vel adv]s>ius1 fur vel latro b5igne recipiatur4 #bc #b ,cel41 #c1 #abj2 ,spec41 #cg2 ,con=m41 #ec;a1 #a4 ,see bel[1 p4 #che1 n4 #a4 #bd ,fior41 ,vita di fra ,g9epro2 ,spec41 #agd-ahb2 ,con=m41 #fb;b4 #be ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjj4 #bf #c ,soc41 #ef2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ac2 ,bon41 #bd4 #bg ,bon41 #cj2 #c ,soc41 #cj1 #ca2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #eb4 ,cf4 ,fior41 #b4 ,! dragon ( ?is dream p]haps symbolizes h]esy4 #bh ,bon41 #hc2 #agb2 ,fior41 #a1 #af2 ,con=m41 #di;a1 #a1 & #aaj;b1 #a2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ea4 #bi ,b]n>d de ,besse1 ,de laudibus1 ,tur9 ,,ms41 fo4 #ajb;b & #if;a4 ,he di$ ,novemb] #ae1 #abga4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,augu/i1 t4 ii41 p4 #bba4 #cj ,fior41 #h2 ,spec41 #hi;b ff42 ,con=m41 #cj;b1 #b1 & #adj;a1 #b4 #ca ,i ne$ n "h po9t out ! analogy 9 =m betwe5 ?is *apt] & ,/4 ,paul's celebrat$ song ( love1 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #cb ,we f9d ! same ?\ghts 9 ne>ly ! same t]ms 9 cap4 v4 ( ! ,v]ba sacrae admonitionis4 #cc ,he is ! second ( ! ,?ree ,companions4 #c ,soc41 #a2 cf4 #a ,cel41 #ie2 ,fior41 #a2 #bi1 #cj1 #ca2 ,eccle/on1 #ab2 ,spec41 #aaj;a-#aad;b2 ,con=m41 #ea;b ff42 cf4 #b ,cel41 #b1 #d4 #cd ,v probably t ( ! ,c>c]i1 ?\gh ! "n is n indicat$ ,vide #c ,soc41 #a2 ,fior41 #d2 #aj2 #aa2 #ab2 #ac2 #af2 #bg2 #cb2 ,con=m41 #ea;b1 #a ff2 ,tribul4 ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 p4 #bfc4 #ce ,fior41 #aa2 ,con=m41 #ej;b1 #b2 ,spec41 #ajd;a4 #cf ,rule ( #abba1 *ap4 #g4 ,omnes fratres1 9 quibuscumque locis fu]9t apud aliquos ad s]vi5dum1 vel ad labor&um1 non s9t cam]>ii1 nec cell>ii1 nec praes9t 9 domibus corum quibus s]viunt4 ,cf4 #a ,cel41 #ch & #dj2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjf4 #cg #a ,cel41 #ajc2 #ci2 ,spec41 #bh2 ,reg4 #abba1 ix42 ,giord41 #cc & #ci4 #ch ,vide ,spec41 #cd;b42 ,fior41 #d4 #ci ,all ! details ( ?is /ory lead me to ?9k t x ref]s to ,portiuncula & ! hospital ,san ,salvatore delle ,p>eti4 ,! /ory is giv5 by ! ,con=m41 #agd;b1 #b1 z tak5 f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #ef;b2 ,fior41 #be4 #dj ,9 ! ,speculum1 fo #da;a1 ?is /ory ends ) ! phrase3 ,qui vidit haec scripsit et te/imonium p]hibet de hiis4 ,! bro!r is "h call$ ,frat] ,jacobus simplex4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #agd;b4 #da ,con=m41 #ea;b1 #a4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #b1 #d2 ,spec41 #aaj;b2 ,fior41 #bi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,santa ,,cl>a ,popul> piety 9 ,umbria nev] sep>ates ! memory ( ,/4 ,francis f t ( ,santa ,cl>a4 ,x is "r4 ,cl>a#a 0 born at ,assisi 9 #aaid1 & 0 consequ5tly ab\t twelve ye>s y\ng] ?an ,francis4 ,%e belong$ to ! noble family ( ! ,sciffi4 ,at ! age :5 a little girl's imag9ation awakes & /irs1 %e he>d ! follies ( ! son ( ,b]n>done rec\nt$ at l5g?4 ,%e 0 sixte5 :5 ! ,sa9t prea*$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ca!dral1 sudd5ly appe>+ l an angel ( peace 9 a city torn by inte/9e diss5sions4 ,to h] 8 appeals 7 l a revelation4 ,x seem$ z if ,francis 0 speak+ = h]1 t he div9$ h] secret sorr[s1 h] mo/ p]sonal anxieties1 & all t 0 ard5t & en?usia/ic 9 ! he>t ( ?is "y girl ru%$ l a torr5t t sudd5ly f9ds an outlet into ! *annel indicat$ by him4 ,= sa9ts z = h]oes ! supreme /imulus is woman's admiration4 ,b "h1 m ?an ev]1 we mu/ put away ! vulg> judgm5t :i* c und]/& no union betwe5 man & woman :]e ! sexual in/9ct has no "p4 ,t :i* makes ! union ( ! sexes some?+ almo/ div9e is t x is ! prefiguration1 ! symbol1 ( ! union ( s\ls4 ,physical love is an ephem]al sp>k1 design$ to k9dle 9 human he>ts ! flame ( a m la/+ love2 x is ! out] c\rt ( ! temple1 b n ! mo/ holy place2 its ine/imable value is precisely t x leaves u abruptly at ! door ( ! holie/ ( all z if to invite u to /ep ov] ! ?re%old4 ,! my/]i\s sigh ( nature goes out = ! union ( s\ls4 ,?is is ! unkn[n ,god to :om debau*ees1 ^? pagans ( love1 (f] _! sacrifices1 & ?is sacr$ impr9t1 ev5 ?\gh effac$1 ?\gh soil$ by all pollutions1 (t5 saves ! man ( ! _w f inspir+ z mu* disgu/ z ! drunk>d & ! crim9al4 ,b sometimes--m (t5 ?an we ?9k--!re are s\ls s pure1 s little e>?ly1 t on _! fir/ meet+ !y ent] ! mo/ holy place1 & once !re ! ?\ght ( any o!r union w\ld be n m]ely a desc5t1 b an impossibility4 ,su* 0 ! love ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,cl>a4 ,b ^! are exceptions4 ,!re is some?+ my/]i\s 9 ?is supreme purity2 x is s high t 9 hold+ x up to m5 "o risks speak+ to !m 9 an unkn[n tongue1 or ev5 worse4 ,! biograph]s ( ,/4 ,francis h cle>ly felt ! dang] ( (f]+ to ! multitude ! sight ( c]ta9 beauties :i* are f> beyond !m1 & ?is is = u ! great fault ( _! works4 ,!y try to give u n s mu* ! true portrait ( ,francis z t ( ! p]fect m9i/]-g5]al ( ! ,ord] su* z !y conceive x1 su* z x mu/ ne$s be to s]ve z a model = 8 disciples2 ?us !y h made ?is model some:at accord+ to ! measure ( ^? :om x is to s]ve1 by omitt+ "h & !re features :i*1 /upidly int]pret$1 might h furni%$ mat]ial = ! malevol5ce ( unscrupul\s adv]s>ies1 or f :i* disciples little v]s$ 9 spiritual ?+s c\ld n h fail$ to draw support = p]mitt+ !mselves dang]\s intimacies4 ,?us ! relations ( ,/4 ,francis ) wom5 9 g5]al & ,/4 ,cl>a 9 p>ticul>1 h be5 completely trave/i$ by ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise1 & we mu/ n be> him a grudge = x4 ,! life ( ! f\nd] ( an ,ord]1 :5 writt5 by a monk1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s becomes always a sort ( app5dix to or illu/ration ( ! ,rule4 ,& ! ,rule1 especially if ! ,ord] has its ?\s&s ( memb]s1 is necess>ily made n = ! elect1 b = ! av]age1 = ! majority ( ! flock4#b ,h5ce ?is portrait1 9 :i* ,/4 ,francis is repres5t$ z a /]n ascetic1 to :om woman appe>s to be a sort ( inc>nate devil6 ,! biograph]s ev5 g s f> z to assure u t he knew only two wom5 by sight4 ,^! are manife/ exagg]ations1 or r ! opposite ( ! tru?4#c ,we are n r$uc$ to conjecture to discov] ! true attitude ( ! ,umbrian prophet 9 ?is matt]4 ,)\t suspect+ x1 ,celano himself gives details en\gh = ! correction ( 8 own errors1 & !re are besides a numb] ( o!r docum5ts ^: scatt]$ h9ts correspond & agree ) "o ano!r 9 a mann] all ! m m>vell\s t x is entirely un9t5tional1 giv+1 :5 !y are br\ght toge!r1 almo/ all "o c\ld desire to "k ( ! int]c\rse ( ^! two beautiful s\ls4 ,aft] ! s]mons ( ,francis at ,/4 ,ruf9o1 ,cl>a's decision 0 spe$ily tak52 %e w\ld break away f ! trivialities ( an idle & luxuri\s life & make h]self ! s]vant ( ! poor2 all h] ef=ts %\ld be b5t to make ea* day a new advance 9 ! royal way ( love & pov]ty2 & = ?is %e w\ld h only to obey him :o _h sudd5ly reveal$ x to h]4 ,%e s\ght him out & op5$ to him h] he>t4 ,) t exaltation1 a union ( c&or & delicacy1 :i* is woman's f9e end[m5t1 & to :i* %e w\ld m readily give free c\rse if %e did n too (t5 div9e ! pitfalls ( base passion & incr$ulity1 ,cl>a (f]$ h]self to ,francis4 ,x is "o ( ! privileges ( sa9ts to suff] m ?an o!r m51 = !y feel 9 _! m lov+ he>ts ! e*o ( all ! sorr[s ( ! _w2 b !y also "k joys & delights ( :i* common m5 nev] ta/e4 ,:at an inexpressible song ( joy mu/ h bur/ =? 9 ,francis's he>t :5 he saw ,cl>a on h] knees be=e him1 await+1 ) 8 bless+1 ! ^w :i* w\ld consecrate h] life to ! gospel ideal4 ,:o kn[s if ?is int]view did n inspire ano!r sa9t1 ,fra ,angelico1 to introduce into 8 ma/]piece ^? two elect s\ls :o1 already radiant ) ! light ( ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 /op to ex*ange a kiss be=e cross+ its ?re%old8 ,s\ls1 l fl[]s1 h a p]fume ( _! own :i* nev] deceives4 ,"o look _h suffic$ = ,francis to g d[n into ! dep?s ( ?is he>t2 he 0 too k9d to submit ,cl>a to useless te/s1 too mu* an ideali/ to prud5tly conf9e himself to cu/om or arbitr>y decorum2 z :5 he f\nd$ ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s1 he took c\nsel only ( himself & ,god4 ,9 ?is 0 8 /r5g?2 if he _h hesitat$1 or ev5 if he _h simply submitt$ himself to ecclesia/ical rules1 he w\ld h be5 /opp$ tw5ty times be=e he _h done any?+4 ,success is s p[]ful an argum5t t ! biograph]s appe> n to h p]ceiv$ h[ det]m9$ ,francis 0 to ignore ! canonical laws4 ,he1 a simple deacon1 arrogat$ to himself ! "r to receive ,cl>a's v[s & admit h] to ! ,ord] )\t ! briefe/ novitiate4 ,su* an act ought to h drawn d[n ^u its au?or all ! c5sures ( ! ,*ur*1 b ,francis 0 already "o ( ^? p[]s to :om mu* is =giv51 ev5 by ^? :o speak 9 ! "n ( ! holy ,roman ,*ur*4 ,francis _h decid$ t on ! night betwe5 ,palm ,sunday & ,holy ,monday 7,m>* #ah-ai1 #abab7 ,cl>a %\ld secretly quit ! pat]nal ca/le & come ) two companions to ,portiuncula1 :]e he w\ld await h]1 & w\ld give h] ! veil4 ,%e arriv$ j z ! fri>s 7 s++ mat9s4 ,!y w5t out1 ! /ory goes1 c>ry+ c&les 9 _! h&s1 to meet ! bride1 :ile f ! woods ar\nd ,portiuncula res\nd$ songs ( joy ov] ?is new bridal4 ,!n ,mass 0 begun at t same alt> :]e1 ?ree ye>s be=e1 ,francis _h he>d ! decisive call ( ,jesus2 he 0 kneel+ 9 ! same place1 b surr\nd$ n[ ) a :ole spiritual family4 ,x is easy to imag9e ,cl>a's emotion4 ,! /ep :i* %e _h j tak5 0 simply h]oic1 = %e knew to :at p]secutions f h] family %e 0 expos+ h]self1 & :at %e _h se5 ( ! life ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 0 a suffici5t w>n+ ( ! di/resses to :i* %e 0 expos+ h]self 9 esp\s+ pov]ty4 ,no d\bt %e int]pret$ ! words ( ! s]vice 9 h>mony ) h] own ?\ghts3 ,surely !y are my p1 said ,jehovah4 ,*ildr5 :o w n be fai?less6 ,& he 0 = !m a savi\r4 ,9 none ( _! afflictions 7 !y )\t succor4 ,& ! angel t is be=e 8 face sav$ !m4#d ,!n ,francis read aga9 ! words ( ,jesus to 8 disciples2 %e v[$ to con=m h] life to !m2 h] hair 0 cut (f2 all 0 f9i%$4 ,a few mom5ts aft]1 ,francis conduct$ h] to a h\se ( ,b5$ict9e nuns#e at an h\r's di/ance1 :]e %e 0 to rema9 provisionally & await ! progress ( ev5ts4 ,! v next morn+ ,favor9o1 h] fa!r1 arriv$ ) a few fri5ds1 inveigh+1 supplicat+1 abus+ ev]ybody4 ,%e 0 unmovable1 %[+ s mu* c\rage t at la/ !y gave up ! ?\ght ( c>ry+ h] (f by ma9 =ce4 ,%e 0 n1 h[ev]1 at ! end ( h] tribulations4 ,_h ?is sc5e fright5$ ! ,b5$ict9es8 ,we _c tell1 b less ?an a =tnight aft] we f9d h] 9 ano!r conv5t1 t ( ,sant-,angelo 9 ,panso1 at ,assisi4#f ,a week aft] ,ea/]1 ,agnes1 h] y\ng] si/]1 jo9$ h] !re1 decid$ 9 h] turn to s]ve pov]ty4 ,francis receiv$ h] into ! ,ord]4 ,?is "t ! fa!r's fury 0 horrible4 ,) a b& ( relatives he invad$ ! conv5t1 b nei!r abuse nor bl[s c\ld subdue ?is *ild ( f\rte54 ,9 spite ( h] cries !y dragg$ h] away4 ,%e fa9t$1 & ! little inanimate body sudd5ly seem$ to !m s heavy t !y ab&on$ x 9 ! mid/ ( ! fields1 "s labor]s look+ ) pity on ! pa9ful sc5e1 until ,cl>a1 ^: cry ,god _h he>d1 ha/5$ to succor h] si/]4 ,_! soj\rn 9 ?is conv5t 0 ( v %ort duration4 ,x appe>s t !y did n c>ry away a v pleasant impression ( x4#g ,francis knew t sev]al o!rs 7 burn+ to jo9 8 two wom5 fri5ds2 he !re=e set himself to seek out a retreat :]e !y c\ld live "u 8 direction & 9 all lib]ty practise ! gospel rule4 ,he _h n long to seek2 ! ,b5$ict9e monks ( ,m\nt ,subasio always seiz$ e possible opportunity to make !mselves popul>4 ,!y belong$ to t congregation ( ,camaldoli1 :om ! common p appe> to h p>ticul>ly dete/$1 & sev]al ( ^: conv5ts _h lately be5 pillag$4#h ,! abbey no long] c\nt$ m ?an eight monks1 :o 7 try+ to save ! wreck ( _! ri*es & privileges by p>tial sacrifices2 on ! #bb;d ( ,april1 #abab1 !y _h giv5 to ! commune ( ,assisi = a communal h\se a monum5t :i* is /&+ ?is day1 ! temple ( ,m9]va4#i ,francis1 :o already 0 _! debtor = ,portiuncula1 once m address$ himself to !m4 ,happy 9 ?is new opportunity to r5d] s]vice to "o :o 0 ! inc>nation ( popul> claims1 !y gave him ! *apel ( ,/4 ,damian2 p]haps !y 7 well pleas$1 by favor+ ! new ,ord]1 to annoy ,bi%op ,guido1 ( :om !y _h reason to compla94#aj ,h[ev] ?is may be1 9 ?is h]mitage1 s well adapt$ = pray] & m$itation1 ,francis in/all$ 8 spiritual daught]s4#aa ,9 ?is sanctu>y1 repair$ by 8 own h&s1 at ! feet ( ?is crucifix :i* _h spok5 to him1 ,cl>a 0 h5ce=w>d to pray4 ,x 0 ! h\se ( ,god2 x 0 also 9 good measure t ( ,francis4 ,cross+ its ?re%old1 ,cl>a d\btless exp]i5c$ t feel+1 at once s sweet & s poignant1 ( ! wife :o = ! fir/ "t ent]s h] husb&'s h\se1 trembl+ ) emotion at ! radiant & confus$ vision ( ! future4 ,if we are n entirely to misappreh5d ^! beg9n+s1 we mu/ rememb] ) :at rapidity ext]nal influ5ces trans=m$ ! fir/ conception ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,at ?is mom5t he no m expect$ to f\nd a second ord] ?an he _h desir$ to f\nd ! fir/ "o4 ,9 snat*+ ,cl>a f h] family he _h simply act$ l a true knight :o rescues an oppress$ woman1 & takes h] "u 8 protection4 ,9 in/all+ h] at ,/4 ,damian he 0 prep>+ a refuge = ^? :o desir$ to imitate h] & ap>t f ! _w practise ! gospel ,rule4 ,b he nev] ?\ght t ! p]fection ( :i* he & 8 disciples 7 ! apo/les & mission>ies1 & :i* ,cl>a & h] companions 7 to realize 9 celibacy1 0 n practicable 9 social positions also2 !nce comes :at is wrongly call$ ! ,t]ti>i1 or ,?ird ,ord]1 & :i* 9 its primitive ?\ght 0 n sep>at$ f ! fir/4 ,?is ,?ird ,ord] _h no ne$ to be in/itut$ 9 #abba1 = x exi/$ f ! mom5t :5 a s+le consci5ce resolv$ to practise 8 tea*+s1 )\t be+ able to foll[ him to ,portiuncula4#ab ,! enemy ( ! s\l = him z = ,jesus 0 av>ice1 und]/ood 9 its l>ge/ s5se--t is to say1 t bl9dness :i* con/ra9s m5 to consecrate _! he>ts to mat]ial preoccupations1 makes !m ! slave ( a few pieces ( gold or a few acres ( l&1 r5d]s !m ins5sible to ! beauties ( nature1 & deprives !m ( inf9ite joys :i* !y alone c "k :o are ! disciples ( pov]ty & love4 ,:oev] 0 free at he>t f all mat]ial s]vitude1 :oev] 0 decid$ to live )\t ho>d+1 e ri* man :o 0 will+ to labor ) 8 h&s & loyally di/ribute all t he did n consume 9 ord] to con/itute ! common fund :i* ,/4 ,francis call$ ! ,"l's table1 e poor man :o 0 will+ to "w1 free to resort1 9 ! /rict measure ( 8 wants1 to ?is table ( ! ,"l1 ^! 7 at t "t true ,franciscans4 ,x 0 a social revolution4 ,!re 0 !n at t "t nei!r "o ,ord] nor sev]al4#ac ,! gospel ( ! ,beatitudes _h be5 f\nd aga91 &1 z twelve c5turies be=e1 x c\ld accommodate itself to all situations4 ,alas6 ! ,*ur*1 p]sonifi$ by ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 0 ab\t1 if n to cause ! ,franciscan movem5t to misc>ry1 at lea/ s well to h$ge ab\t x t a few ye>s lat] x w\ld h lo/ ne>ly its :ole orig9al "*4 ,z has be5 se51 ! ^w pov]ty expresses only v imp]fectly ,/4 ,francis's po9t ( view1 s9ce x conta9s an idea ( r5unciation1 ( ab/95ce1 :ile 9 ?\ght ! v[ ( pov]ty is a v[ ( lib]ty4 ,prop]ty is ! cage ) gild$ wires1 to :i* ! poor l>ks are sometimes s ?or\ghly accu/om$ t !y no long] ev5 ?9k ( gett+ away 9 ord] to so> up into ! blue4#ad ,f ! beg9n+ ,/4 ,damian 0 ! extreme opposite to :at a conv5t ( ,cl>isses ( ! /rict obs]vance is n[2 x is /ill to-day v mu* z ,francis saw x4 ,we owe ?anks to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or = hav+ pres]v$ intact ?is v5]able & *>m+ h]mitage1 & n spoil+ x ) /upid embelli%m5ts4 ,?is little corn] ( ,umbrian e>? w be = our desc5dants l ,jacob's well :]eon ,*ri/ sat himself d[n = an in/ant1 "o ( ! favorite c\rts ( ! wor%ip 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,9 in/all+ ,cl>a !re ,francis put into h] h&s ! ,rule :i* he _h prep>$ = h]1#ae :i* no d\bt resembl$ t ( ! ,bro!rs save = ! precepts ) reg>d to ! mission>y life4 ,he accompani$ x ) ! engagem5t#af tak5 by himself & 8 bro!rs to supply by labor or alms all ! ne$s ( ,cl>a & h] future companions4 ,9 return !y also 7 to "w & r5d] to ! ,bro!rs all ! s]vices ( :i* !y might be capable4 ,we h se5 ! zeal :i* ,francis _h br\ght to ! task ( mak+ ! *ur*es wor?y ( ! wor%ip celebrat$ 9 !m2 he c\ld n endure t ! l95 put to sacr$ uses %\ld be less ?an clean4 ,cl>a set h]self to sp9n+ ?read = ! alt>-clo?s & corporals :i* ! ,bro!rs und]took to di/ribute among ! poor *ur*es ( ! di/rict4#ag ,9 addition1 dur+ ! e>li] ye>s1 %e also nurs$ ! sick :om ,francis s5t to h]1 & ,/4 ,damian 0 = "s "t a sort ( hospital4#ah ,"o or two fri>s1 :o 7 call$ ,zealots ( ! ,poor ,ladies1 7 especially *>g$ ) ! c>e ( ! ,si/]s1 mak+ !mselves huts beside ! *apel1 aft] ! model ( ^? ( ,portiuncula4 ,francis 0 also ne> at h&2 a sort ( t]race f\r paces long ov]looks ! h]mitage2 ,cl>a made !re a t9y g>d51 & :51 at twilight1 %e w5t ?i!r to wat] h] fl[]s1 %e c\ld see1 h>dly half a league di/ant1 ,portiuncula /&+ out aga9/ ! aureola ( ! we/]n sky4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! relations betwe5 ! two h\ses 7 cont9ual1 full ( *>m & fre$om4 ,! companions ( ,francis :o receiv$ ,bro!rs receiv$ ,si/]s also1 at times return+ f _! prea*+ t\rs ) a neophyte = ,/4 ,damian4#ai ,b su* a situation c\ld n la/ long4 ,! intimacy ( ,francis & ,cl>a1 ! famili>ity ( ! e>li] fri>s & ,si/]s w\ld n d z a model = ! relations ( ! two ,ord]s :5 ea* _h "s hundr$s ( memb]s4 ,francis himself v soon p]ceiv$ ?is1 ?\gh n s cle>ly z 8 si/]-fri5d4 ,cl>a surviv$ him ne>ly tw5ty-sev5 ye>s1 & ?us _h "t to see ! %ipwreck ( ! ,franciscan ideal among ! ,bro!rs1 z well z 9 almo/ e "o ( ! h\ses :i* _h at fir/ foll[$ ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,damian4 ,%e h]self 0 l$ by ! pressure ( ev5ts to lay d[n rules = h] own conv5t1 b to h] v dea?-b$ %e cont5d$ = ! def5ce ( ! true ,franciscan ideas1 ) a h]oism1 a boldness1 at once int5se & holy1 by :i* %e took a place 9 ! fir/ rank ( witnesses = consci5ce4 ,is x n "o ( ! lovelie/ pictures 9 religi\s hi/ory1 t ( ?is woman :o = m ?an half a c5tury su/a9s mom5t by mom5t a /ruggle ) all ! popes :o succe$ "o ano!r 9 ! pontifical ?rone1 rema9+ always equally respectful & immovable1 n cons5t+ to die until %e has ga9$ h] victory8#bj ,to relate h] life is to relate ?is /ruggle2 ! great] numb] ( its vicissitudes may be f\nd 9 ! docum5ts ( ! ,roman curia4 ,francis _h w>d$ (f _m a dang] f 8 in/itution1 b he _h giv5 himself gu>dians :o 7 little dispos$ to yield any ( _! rights2 ,c>d9al ,ugol9i 9 p>ticul>1 ! future ,gregory ,,ix41 took a "p 9 ^! matt]s :i* is v difficult to und]/&4 ,we see him cont9ually lavi%+ ^u ,francis & ,cl>a expressions ( affection & admiration :i* appe> to be absolutely s9c]e2 & yet ! ,franciscan ideal--reg>d$ z ! life ( love at :i* "o arrives by free+ himself f all s]vitude to mat]ial ?+s--has h>dly _h a worse adv]s>y ?an he4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may1 #abbh1 ,gregory ,,ix4 w5t to ,assisi = ! prelim9>ies ( ! canonization ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,be=e ent]+ ! city he turn$ out ( 8 way to visit ,/4 ,damian & to see ,cl>a1 :om he _h kn[n = a long "t1 & to :om he _h address$ lett]s burn+ ) admiration & pat]nal affection4#ba ,h[ c we und]/& t at ?is "t1 ! eve ( ! canonization 7,july #af1 #abbh71 ! pontiff c\ld h _h ! idea ( urg+ h] to be fai?less to h] v[s8 ,he repres5t$ to h] t ! /ate ( ! times made life impossible to wom5 :o possess no?+1 & (f]$ h] c]ta9 prop]ties4 ,z ,cl>a gaz$ at him 9 a/oni%m5t at ?is /range proposition1 he said1 ,if x is y\r v[s :i* prev5t y1 we w release y f !m4 ,holy ,fa!r1 repli$ ! ,franciscan si/]1 absolve me f my s9s1 b ,i h no desire = a disp5sation f foll[+ ,*ri/4#bb ,noble & pi\s utt]ance1 artless cry ( indep5d5ce1 9 :i* ! consci5ce pr\dly proclaims its autonomy6 ,9 ^! words is mirror$ at full l5g? ! spiritual daught] ( ! ,pov]ello4 ,by "o ( ^? intuitions :i* (t5 come to v en?usia/ic & v pure wom51 %e _h p5etrat$ to ! inmo/ dep?s ( ,francis's he>t1 & felt h]self inflam$ ) ! same passion :i* burn$ 9 him4 ,%e rema9$ fai?ful to him to ! end1 b we p]ceive t x 0 n )\t difficulty4 ,?is is n ! place 9 :i* to ask :e!r ,gregory ,,ix4 0 "r 9 desir+ t religi\s communities %\ld hold e/ates2 he _h a "r to 8 own views on ! subject2 b !re is some?+ %ock+1 to say no m1 9 see+ him plac+ ,francis among ! sa9ts at ! v mom5t :5 he 0 betray+ 8 de>e/ ideals1 & seek+ to induce ^? :o _h rema9$ fai?ful to betray !m4 ,_h ,cl>a & ,francis =ese5 ! difficulties :i* !y w\ld meet8 ,we may suppose s1 = already "u ! pontificate ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 %e _h obta9$ a grant ( ! privilege ( pov]ty4 ,! pope 0 s mu* surpris$ at su* a reque/ t he desir$ to write ) 8 own h&s ! op5+ l9es ( ?is pat5t1 ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 ask$ = at ! c\rt ( ,rome4#bc ,"u 8 successor1 ,honorius ,,iii41 ! mo/ important p]sonage ( ! curia 0 ?is v ,c>d9al ,ugol9i4 ,almo/ a septuag5>ian 9 #abaf he inspir$ awe at fir/ sight by ! aspect ( 8 p]son4 ,he _h t s+ul> beauty :i* di/+ui%es ! old :o h escap$ ! usury ( life2 pi\s1 enlight5$1 en]getic1 he felt himself made = great und]tak+s4 ,!re is some?+ 9 him :i* recalls ,c>d9al ,lavig]ie & all ! prelates ^: r$ robes cov] a soldi] or a despot r ?an a prie/4#bd ,! ,franciscan movem5t 0 attack$ ) viol5ce#be 9 v>i\s qu>t]s2 he und]took to def5d x1 & a v long "t be=e ! *>ge ( protector ( ! ,ord] 0 (ficially confid$ to him1 he ex]cis$ x ) dev\r+ zeal4#bf ,he felt an unb\nd$ admiration = ,francis & ,cl>a1 & (t5 manife/$ x 9 a t\*+ mann]4 ,if he _h be5 a simple man he might h lov$ !m & foll[$ !m4 ,p]haps he ev5 _h ?\ght ( do+ s4#bg ,alas6 he 0 a pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*2 he c\ld n help ?9k+ ( :at he w\ld d 9 case he %\ld be call$ to guide ! %ip ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,he act$ accord+ly2 0 x calculation on 8 "p or simply "o ( ^? /ates ( consci5ce 9 :i* a man absorb$ 9 ! end to be atta9$ h>dly discusses ! ways & means8 ,i d n "k1 b we see him imm$iately on ! dea? ( ,innoc5t ,,iii41 "u pretext ( protect+ ! ,cl>isses1 take _! direction 9 h&1 give !m a ,rule1 & sub/itute 8 own ideas = ^? ( ,/4 ,francis4#bh ,9 ! privilege :i* z legate he gave 9 favor ( ,monticelli1 ,july #bg1 #abai1 nei!r ,cl>a nor ,francis is nam$1 & ! ,damianites become z a congregation ( ,b5$ict9es4#bi ,we %all see f>!r on ! wra? ( ,francis aga9/ ,bro!r ,philip1 a ,zealot ( ! ,poor ,ladies1 :o _h accept$ ?is privilege 9 8 abs5ce4 ,8 attitude 0 s firm t o!r docum5ts ( ! same nature grant$ by ,ugol9i at ! same epo* 7 n indors$ by ! pope until ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,! c>d9al's ardor to pr(it by ! en?usiasm :i* ! ,franciscan ideas ev]y:]e excit$ 0 s great t we f9d1 9 ! regi/] ( 8 legation ( #abba1 a sort ( =mula all prep>$ = ^? :o w\ld f\nd conv5ts l ^? ( ! ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,damian2 b ev5 !re we se>* 9 va9 = ! "n ( ,francis or ,cl>a4#cj ,?is old man _h1 h[ev]1 a truly my/ical passion = ! "y abbess2 he wrote to h]1 lam5t+ ! necessity ( be+ f> f h]1 9 words :i* are ! language ( love1 respect1 & admiration4#ca ,!re 7 at lea/ two m5 9 ,ugol9i3 ! ,*ri/ian1 :o felt himself subdu$ be=e ,cl>a & ,francis2 ! prelate1 t is1 a man :om ! glory ( ! ,*ur* sometimes caus$ to =get ! glory ( ,god4 ,francis1 ?\gh almo/ always resi/+ him1 appe>s to h kept a feel+ ( +5u\s gratitude t[>d him to ! v end4 ,cl>a1 on ! contr>y1 _h too long a /ruggle to be able to keep any illusions z to ! attitude ( h] protector4 ,aft] #abcj !re is no trace ( any relations betwe5 !m4 ,all ! ef=ts ( ! pope to mitigate ! rigor ( ,cl>a's v[ ( pov]ty _h rema9$ va94 ,_m o!r nuns desir$ to practise /rictly ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,among !m 0 ! daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,bohemia1 ,ottok> ,i41 :o 0 9 cont9ual relations ) ,cl>a4 ,b ,gregory ,,ix41 to :om %e address$ h]self1 0 inflexible4 ,:ile p\r+ eulogies ^u h] he enjo9$ ^u h] to foll[ ! ,rule :i* he s5t to h]--t is1 ! "o :i* he _h compos$ :ile he 0 yet c>d9al4 ,! ,rule ( ! ,pov]ello 0 put among ! utopias1 n to say h]esies4#cb ,he nev]1 h[ev]1 c\ld induce ,/4 ,cl>a to completely submit h]self4 ,"o day1 inde$1 %e rebell$ aga9/ 8 ord]s1 & x 0 ! pope :o 0 oblig$ to yield3 he _h desir$ to br+ ab\t a wid] sep>ation betwe5 ! fri>s & ! ,si/]s ?an _h =m]ly prevail$2 = a long "t aft] ! dea? ( ,francis a c]ta9 famili>ity _h cont9u$ betwe5 ,/4 ,damian & ,portiuncula2 ,cl>a especially lov$ ^! neighborly relations1 & (t5 begg$ "o or ano!r ,bro!r to come & prea*4 ,! pope ?\ght ill ( ?is1 & =bade1 "u ! sev]e/ p5alty1 t any fri> ( ,portiuncula %\ld g to ,/4 ,damian )\t express p]mission ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,?is "t ,cl>a became indignant4 ,%e w5t to ! few fri>s atta*$ to h] mona/]y1 & ?ank+ !m = _! s]vices1 ,g1 %e said2 s9ce !y deprive u ( ^? :o disp5se to u spiritual bread1 we w n h ^? :o procure = u our mat]ial bread4 ,he :o wrote t ! necks ( k+s & pr9ces are b[$ at ! feet ( ! prie/s 0 oblig$ to b[ be=e ?is woman & raise 8 prohibition4#cc ,/4 ,damian _h too (t5 e*o$ ) ,/4 ,francis's hymns ( love & lib]ty to =get him s soon & become an ord9>y conv5t4 ,cl>a rema9$ surr\nd$ ) ! ma/]'s e>ly companions2 ,egidio1 ,leo1 ,angelo1 ,g9epro nev] ceas$ to be assidu\s visitors4 ,^! true lov]s ( pov]ty felt !mselves at home !re1 & took lib]ties :i* w\ld else:]e h giv5 surprise4 ,"o day an ,engli% fri>1 a celebrat$ !ologian1 came accord+ to ! m9i/]'s ord]s to prea* at ,/4 ,damian4 ,sudd5ly ,egidio1 ?\gh a simple layman1 int]rupt$ him3 ,/op1 bro!r1 let me speak1 he said to him4 ,& ! ma/] 9 !ology1 b[+ 8 head1 cov]$ himself ) 8 c[l z a sign ( ob$i5ce1 & sat d[n to li/5 to ,egidio4 ,cl>a felt a great joy 9 ?is2 x seem$ to h] t %e 0 once aga9 liv+ 9 ,/4 ,francis's days4#cd ,! little cot]ie 0 kept up until h] dea?2 %e expir$ 9 ! arms ( ,bro!rs ,leo1 ,angelo1 & ,g9epro4 ,9 h] la/ suff]+s & h] dy+ visions %e _h ! supreme happ9ess ( be+ surr\nd$ by ^? :o _h devot$ _! lives to ! same ideal z %e4#ce ,9 h] w h] life %[s itself t :i* we h se5 x--a daily /ruggle = ! def5ce ( ! ,franciscan idea4 ,we see h[ c\rage\s & brave 0 ?is woman :o has always be5 repres5t$ z frail1 emaciat$1 blan*$ l a fl[] ( ! cloi/]4#cf ,%e def5d$ ,francis n only aga9/ o!rs1 b also aga9/ himself4 ,9 ^? h\rs ( d>k disc\ragem5t :i* s (t5 & s pr(\ndly di/urb ! noble/ s\ls & /]ilize ! gr&e/ ef=ts1 %e 0 beside him to %[ him 8 way4 ,:5 he d\bt$ 8 mission & ?\ght ( flee+ to ! heights ( repose & solit>y pray]1 x 0 %e :o %[$ him ! rip5+ h>ve/ ) no reap]s to ga!r x 91 m5 go+ a/ray ) no %eph]d to lead !m1 & drew him once aga9 into ! tra9 ( ! ,galilean1 into ! numb] ( ^? :o give _! lives a ransom = _m4#cg ,yet ?is love ) :i* at ,/4 ,damian ,francis felt himself surr\nd$ fright5$ him at times4 ,he fe>$ t 8 dea?1 mak+ too great a void1 w\ld imp]il ! in/itution itself1 & he took pa9s to rem9d ! si/]s t he w\ld n be always ) !m4 ,"o day :5 he 0 to prea* to !m1 in/ead ( ent]+ ! pulpit he caus$ "s a%es to be br\ght1 & aft] hav+ spread !m ar\nd him & scatt]$ "s on 8 head1 he inton$ ! ,mis]]e1 ?us rem9d+ !m t he 0 b du/ & w\ld soon return to du/4#ch ,b 9 g5]al x is at ,/4 ,damian t ,/4 ,francis is ! mo/ himself2 x is "u ! %ade ( its olive-trees1 ) ,cl>a c>+ = him1 t he composes 8 f9e/ "w1 t :i* ,erne/ ,r5an call$ ! mo/ p]fect utt]ance ( mod]n religi\s s5tim5t1 ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,easy z x is to seize ! l>ge outl9es ( h] life1 x is ) difficulty t "o makes a detail$ & docum5t>y /udy ( x4 ,!re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ?is1 = ! ,cl>isses felt ! reb\nd ( ! /ruggles :i* divid$ & rapidly trans=m$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,! great] numb] ( ! docum5ts h disappe>$2 we give summ>y indication ( ^? :i* w mo/ (t5 be cit$3 #a4 ,life ( ,/4 ,cl>a by an anonym\s au?or4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aug41 t4 ii41 pp4 #gci-gfh4 #b4 ,h] ,w1 giv5 by ,wadd+ 7,annales1 #abec1 ,no4 #e71 b :i* does n appe> to be free f alt]ation4 7,comp>e1 = example1 ! op5+ ( ?is w ) ,*apt] ,,vi4 ( ! ,rule ( ! ,damianites approv$ by ,innoc5t ,,iv41 ,augu/ #h1 #abec47 #c4 ,! bull ( canonization1 giv5 ,septemb] #bf1 #abee--t is to say1 two ye>s aft] ,cl>a's dea?2 x is mu* long] ?an ^! docum5ts ord9>ily are1 & relates ! pr9cipal incid5ts ( h] life4 ,a4 ,,ss41 loc4 cit41 p4 #gdi2 ,pot?a/1 #af1jbe4 #d4 ,h] correspond5ce4 ,unhappily we h only fragm5ts ( x2 ! ,boll&i/s1 )\t say+ :5ce !y drew !m1 h ins]t$ f\r ( h] lett]s 9 ! ,acta ( ,/4 ,agnes ( ,bohemia1 to :om !y 7 address$4 7,a4 ,,ss41 ,m>tii1 t4 i41 pp4 #ejf-ejh47 #b ,read+ ! ,*ronicle ( ,fra ,salimb5i1 :i* repres5ts ! av]age ,franciscan "* ab\t #abej1 "o sees ) :at reason ! ,rule _h multipli$ m9ute precautions = keep+ ! ,bro!rs f all relations ) wom54 ,! desire ( ,celano to pres5t ! facts 9 ! life ( ,francis z ! norm ( ! acts ( ! fri>s appe>s /ill m 9 ! *apt]s conc]n+ ,/4 ,cl>a ?an 9 all ! o!rs4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #acb3 ,non cr$atis1 *>issimi 7dixit ,franciscus71 quodeas p]fecte non diligam4444 ,s$ exemplum d vobis1 ut quemadmodum ego facio1 ita et vos faciatis4 ,cf4 ibid41 #acd4 #c #b ,cel41 #c1 #ee4 ,fateor v]itatem 444 nullam me si aspic]em recogniturum 9 facie nisi duas4 ,?is *apt] & ! two foll[+ give u a sort ( c>icature1 9 :i* ,francis is repres5t$ z s little sure ( himself t he ca/s d[n 8 eyes = fe> ( yield+ to desire4 ,! /ories ( ,francis & ,jacquel9e ( ,settesoli give a v diff]5t picture ( ! relations betwe5 ! ,bro!rs & ! wom5 9 ! orig9 ( ! ,ord] f t :i* 0 giv5 lat]4 ,b]n>d de ,besse 7,tur9 ,,ms41 fo4 #aac7 relates at l5g? ! com+ ( ,jacquel9e to ,portiuncula to be pres5t at ,/4 ,francis's dea?4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #ajg2 #acc2 ,bon41 #aab4 ,also ,cl>a's repa/ at ,portiuncula4 ,fior41 #ae2 ,spec41 #aci;b42 ,a4 ,,ss4 ,aug4 ,vita ,cl>41 ,no4 #ci ff4 #d ,isaiah1 lxiii41 #h & #i 7,segond's ,fr5* translation74 ,at ! ,mass on ,holy ,monday ,isaiah lxiii4 is read = ! ,epi/le & ,m>k xiv4 = ! ,gospel4 #e ,san ,paolo on ! ,*iasco1 ne> ,ba/ia4 #f ,at ! pres5t day diocesan sem9>y ( ,assisi1 ,sem9>ium s]aphicum4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! nor? gate ( ! city 0 !re4 ,! h\ses :i* lie betwe5 !re & ! ,basilica =m ! new t[n1 :i* is rapidly gr[+ & w unite ! city ) ,sacro ,conv5to4 #g ,nam /et]amus 9 alio loco1 licet p>um4 ,te/4 ,cl>4 ,x is truly /range t !re is n a ^w "h = ! h\se :]e ! fir/ days ( h] religi\s life 7 pass$4 ,cf4 ,vit41 no4 #aj3 ,s4 ,angelus de ,panse 444 ubi cum non pl5e m5s ejus quiesc]et4 #h ,mitt>elli1 ,annales ,camaldul5ses 7,v5ice1 #agee-aggc1 #i vols41 fo471 t4 iv41 app4 #dca & #dce4 ,cf4 #aef4 #i ,! act ( donation is /ill 9 ! ar*ives ( ,assisi4 ,an analysis ( x w be f\nd 9 ,cri/(ani1 t4 i41 p4 #acc4 ,_! munific5ce rema9$ )\t result2 ! bull ,ab ,ecclesia ( ,july #bg1 #abcb1 %[s t !y 7 suppress$ less ?an tw5ty ye>s aft]4 ,sb>alea1 t4 #a1 p4 #ha4 ,pot?a/1 #hihd4 ,cf41 ib41 p4 #aie1 note c1 & #cdj1 note a1 & ! bulls :i* are !re indicat$4 #aj ,see p4 #ha1 note ii4 #aa #a ,cel41 #ah2 #ba2 #c ,soc41 #bd2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #h4 #ab ,an4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjj4 ,cf4 #c ,soc41 #fj4 ,! ?ree ,ord]s are contempor>y1 "o might ev5 say1 ! f\r1 includ+ among !m ! "o t misc>ri$ among ! secul> prie/s 7see bel[74 ,9 a lett] ,/4 ,cl>a speaks ( h] ,ord] z mak+ only a "p ) t ( ! ,bro!rs3 ,sequ>is consilia ,rev]5di ,patris no/ri fratris ,eliae ,m9i/ri g5]alis totius ord9is4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,m>tii1 t4 i41 p4 #ejg4 #ac ,?is po9t ( view is br\ght into relief by an anecdote 9 ! ,de laudibus ( ,b]n>d ( ,besse 7,tur9 ,,ms41 #aac;a74 ,?is is h[ he ends *ap4 vii4 on ! ?ree ,ord]s3 ,nec ,santus 8 cont5tus ord9ibus satagebat omnium g5]i salutis et p5it5tiae viam d>e4 ,unde p>o*iali cuidam sac]doti dic5ti sibi quod vellet suus1 ret5ta tam5 ecclesia4 ,frat] esse1 dato viv5di et indu5di modo1 dicitur indixisse ut annuatim1 collectis ,eclesiae fructibus d>et pro ,deo1 quod de praet]itis sup]esset4 #ad ,see ! lovely /ory 9 ! ,fior41 #ac4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #fe;a2 ,con=m41 #afh;b4 #a4 #ae ,! text ( x 0 d\btless =m]ly ins]t$ 9 *apt] vi4 ( ! ,rule grant$ to ! ,cl>isses ( ,/4 ,damian1 ,augu/ #i1 #abec1 by ! bull ,solet annu]e4 ,pot?a/1 #ae1jhf4 ,b ?is *apt] has be5 completely *ang$ 9 _m editions4 ,! text ( ! ,speculum1 ,mor91 ,r\5 #aeji1 %\ld be read4 ,tract iii41 #bbf;b4 ,! critical /udy to be made ^u ?is text by comp>+ ! indications giv5 by ! bull ,angelis guadium ( ,may #aa1 #abch1 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #bdb1 is too long to f9d a place "h4 #af #b ,cel41 #c1 #acb4 ,cf4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,cl>4 #ag ,9 illa gravi infirmitate 444 faciebat se erigi 444 et s$5s filabat4 ,a4 ,,ss41 #gfj;e4 ,sic vult eas sorores op]>e manibus suis4 ,ib4 #gfb;a4 #ah ,fior4 #cc4 #ai ,rule ( #abba1 *ap xii4 ,et nulla p5itus muli] ab aliquo frat] recipiatur ad ob$i5tiam1 s$ dato sibi consilio spirituali1 ubi volu]it agat p5it5tiam4 ,cf4 bel[1 p4 #beb1 note #a1 ! rema9d] ( ?is *apt] & ! indication ( ! s\rces4 ,?is proves1 #a1 t ! fri>s _h receiv$ wom5 into ! ,ord]2 #b1 t at ! beg9n+ !y said ,! ,ord] 9 ! s+ul>1 & "u ?is appellation includ$ ,si/]s z well z ,bro!rs4 ,we see h[ f> ! situation 01 ev5 at ! end ( #abba1 f be+ :at x became a few ye>s lat]4 ,x is to be not$ t 9 all ! re=m+ sects ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! two sexes 7 closely unit$4 7,vide ,bur*>di *ronicon1 ,p]tz1 #a1 #bc1 p4 #cgf4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #bfaa1 bull ,cum otim ( ,nov4 #be1 #abje47 ,on ! #g? ( ,june1 #abja 7bull ,incunubit nobis71 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 _h approv$ ! ,rule ( ! ,humiliants4 ,?is 0 a religi\s association ^: memb]s cont9u$ to live 9 _! own homes1 & :o (f] surpris+ po9ts ( contact ) ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 ?\gh !y took no v[ ( pov]ty4 ,f !m issu$ a m re/rict$ association :i* f\nd$ conv5ts :]e !y work$ 9 wool2 ^! conv5ts receiv$ bo? m5 & wom54 ,vide ,jacques de ,vitry1 ,hi/4 ,occid5talis1 cap4 #bh4 ,de religione et regula ,humiliatorum 7,d\ai1 #aeig1 pp4 #ccd-ccg74 ,! "t came :5 f ^! two ,ord]s issu$ a ?ird1 compos$ solely ( prie/s4 ,^! ,humiliati are too little kn[n1 ?\gh !y h _h a hi/orian ^: book is "o ( ! noble works ( ! eighte5? c5tury3 ,tirabos*i1 ,vet]a ,humiliatorum monum5ta 7,milan1 #c vols41 #dto1 #agff-agfh74 ,t[>d #abjj !y _h monopoliz$ l'arte della lana 9 all upp] ,italy z f> z to ,flor5ce2 x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ,francis's fa!r mu/ h _h relations ) !m4 #bj ,! bull approv+ ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,damian is ( ,augu/ #i1 #abec4 ,cl>a di$ two days lat]4 #ba #a ,cel41 #abb4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #haid ff42 cf4 ib41 #gji4 #bb ,a4 ,,ss41 ,vita ,cl41 p4 #geh4 ,cf4 bull ( canonization4 #bc ,vit4 ,s4 ,cl>41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #geh4 ,?is petition 0 surely made by ! m$ium ( ,francis2 & !re are sev]al indications ( 8 pres5ce 9 ,p]ugia 9 ! latt] "p ( ! life ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,9 obitu suo ,alex&ri papae omnes famili>es sui des]u]unt eum praet] fratres ,m9ores4 ,et similit] ,papam ,gregorium et ,honorium et ,innoc5tium 9 cujus obitu fuit praes5tialit] ,s4 ,franciscus4 ,eccl4 xv4 ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bh p4 #efh4 ,sb>alea puts =? d\bts z to ! au!nticity ( ?is privilege1 ! text ( :i* he gives2 wrongly1 ,i ?9k1 = ,cl>a alludes to x 9 h] w1 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #gdg4 #bd ,he 0 born ab\t #aadg1 creat$ c>d9al 9 #aaih4 ,vide ,raynald1 ann41 #abag1 ,sec4 #hh1 ! eulogy made ^u him by ,honorius ,,iii4 ,=ma decorus et v5u/us aspectu 444 zelator fidei1 discipl9a virtutis1 444 ca/itatis amator et totius sanctitatis exempl>3 ,muratori1 ,scriptores r]4 ,ital41 iii41 #a1 #ege4 #be #a ,cel41 #gd4 #bf ,! bull ,litt]ae tuae ( ,augu/ #bg1 #abah1 %[s him already favor+ ! ,cl>isses4 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #a4 ,vide #c ,soc41 #fa4 ,(f]o me ipsum1 dixit ,hugol9us1 vobis1 auxilium et consilium1 atque protectionem p>atus imp5d]e4 #bg ,9 ! ,con=mities1 #ajg;a1 #b1 !re is a curi\s /ory :i* %[s ,ugol9i go+ to ! ,c>c]i to f9d ,francis1 & ask+ him if he ought to ent] 8 ,ord]4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #bag4 #bh ,he succe$$ s well t ,?omas ( ,celano himself seems to =get t1 at lea/ at ,/4 ,damian1 ! ,cl>isses foll[$ ! ,rule giv5 by ,/4 ,francis himself3 ,ipsorum vita mirifica et in/itutio gloriosa a dom9o ,papa ,gregorio1 tunc ,ho/i5si episcopo4 #a ,cel4 #bj4 ,cf4 ,honorii ,op]a ,horoy1 t4 iii41 col4 #cfc2 t4 iv41 col4 #bah2 ,pot?a/1 #fagi & #fhgi ff4 #bi ,?is privilege is ins]t$ 9 ! bull ,sacrosancta ( ,decemb] #i1 #abai4 ,honorii op]a1 ,horoy1 t4 iii41 col4 #cfc ff4 #cj ,g4 ,levi1 ,regi/ri dei ,c>d9ali1 no4 #abe4 ,vide bel[1 p4 #djj4 ,cf4 ,campi1 ,hi/4 eccl4 di ,piac5za1 ii41 #cij4 #ca ,see1 = example1 ! lett] giv5 by ,wadd+3 ,annals1 ii41 p4 #af 7,rome1 #agcb74 ,tanta me am>itudo cordis1 abundantia lacrym>um et immanitas doloris invasit1 quod nisi ad p$es ,jesu1 consolationem solitae pietatis inv5irem1 spiritus meus =te defic]et et p5itus anima liquefi]et4 ,wadd+'s text %\ld be correct$ by t ( ! ,ricc>di ,,ms41 #bgi4 fo #hj;a & b4 ,cf4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 i41 p4 #ahe2 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #cg4 #cb ,bull ,angelis gaudium ( ,may #aa1 #abch2 x may be f\nd 9 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #bdb4 ,cf4 ,palacky1 ,lit]>is*e ,reise na* ,itali51 ,prague1 #ahch1 #dto1 no4 #adg4 ,pot?a/1 #aj1eif2 cf4 #aa1age4 #cc ,a4 ,,ss41 ,vit4 ,cl>41 p4 #gfb4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #hd;b1 #b4 #cd ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bci;a2 ,con=m41 #ed;a1 #a2 #agg;a1 #b4 #ce ,a4 ,,ss41 ,vit4 ,cl>41 p4 #gfd;d4 #cf ,! bull ( canonization says no?+ ( ! ,s>ac5s :om %e put to flight4 ,h] life 9 ! ,a4 ,,ss4 relates ! fact1 b %[s h] simply 9 pray] be=e ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #hd;b1 #a4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon t4 i41 "p #b1 pp4 #agi-aha4 ,none ( ^! acc\nts repres5ts ,cl>a z go+ to meet !m ) a mon/rance4 #cg ,bon41 #agc2 ,fior4 #af2 ,spec41 #fb;b2 ,con=m41 #hd;b1 #b2 #aaj;b #a2 #di;a1 #a4 ,) ^! %\ld be comp>$ ,spec41 #bbj;b3 ,frat] ,leo n>ravit quod ,sanctus ,franciscus surg5s or>e 7sic7 v5it ad fratres suos dic5s3 ,ite ad saeculum et dimittatis habitum1 lic5tio vos4 #ch #b ,cel41 #c1 #acd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,x ,,fir/ ,,attempts ,,to ,,rea* ,,! ,,infidels ,autumn1 #abab-,summ]1 #abae ,! e>ly ,bro!rs ,m9or _h too mu* ne$ ( ! enc\ragem5t & example ( ,francis n to h v e>ly agre$ ) him ^u c]ta9 fix$ p]iods :5 !y w\ld be sure to f9d him at ,portiuncula4 ,/ill x appe>s probable t ^! meet+s did n become true ,*apt]s-,g5]al until t[>d #abaf4 ,!re 7 at fir/ two a ye>1 "o at ,:itsunday1 ! o!r at ,mi*aelmas 7,septemb] #bi?74 ,^? ( ,:itsunday 7 ! mo/ important2 all ! ,bro!rs came toge!r to ga9 new /r5g? 9 ! society ( ,francis1 to draw g5]\s ardor & gr& hopes f him ) 8 c\nsels & directions4 ,! memb]s ( ! "y association _h ev]y?+ 9 common1 _! joys z well z _! sorr[s2 _! unc]ta9ties z well z ! results ( _! exp]i5ces4 ,at ^! meet+s !y 7 p>ticul>ly occupi$ ) ! ,rule1 ! *anges t ne$$ to be made 9 x1 & above all1 h[ !y might bett] & bett] obs]ve x2#a !n1 9 p]fect h>mony1 !y settl$ ! allotm5t ( ! fri>s to ! v>i\s prov9ces4 ,"o ( ,francis's mo/ frequ5t c\nsels bore ^u ! respect due to ! cl]gy2 he begg$ 8 disciples to %[ a v p>ticul> def]5ce to ! prie/s1 & nev] to meet !m )\t kiss+ _! h&s4 ,he saw only too well t ! ,bro!rs1 hav+ r5\nc$ ev]y?+1 7 9 dang] ( be+ unju/ or sev]e t[>d ! ri* & p[]ful ( ! e>?2 he1 !re=e1 s\ght to arm !m aga9/ ?is t5d5cy1 (t5 conclud+ 8 c\nsels ) ^! noble words3 ,!re are m5 :o to-day appe> to u to be memb]s ( ! devil :o "o day %all be memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,our life 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w1 said he aga91 ought to be su* t1 on he>+ or see+ u1 e "o %all feel con/ra9$ to praise our heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,y proclaim peace2 h x 9 y\r he>ts4 ,be n an occasion ( wra? or sc&al to anyone1 b by y\r g5tl5ess may all be l$ to peace1 concord1 & good works4 ,x 0 especially :5 he und]took to *e] 8 disciples1 to =tify !m aga9/ temptations & deliv] !m f _! p[]1 t ,francis 0 mo/ successful4 ,h[ev] anxi\s a s\l might be1 8 words br\ght x back to s]5ity4 ,! e>ne/ness :i* he %[$ 9 calm+ sadness became fi]y & t]rible 9 reprov+ ^? :o fell away1 b 9 ^! days ( e>ly f]vor he seldom _h occasion to %[ sev]ity2 m (t5 he ne$$ g5tly to reprove ! ,bro!rs ^: piety l$ !m to exagg]ate p5ances & mac]ations4 ,:5 all 0 f9i%$ & ea* "o _h _h 8 "p 9 ?is banquet ( love1 ,francis w\ld bless !m1 & !y w\ld disp]se 9 all directions l /rang]s & travell]s4 ,!y _h no?+1 b already !y ?\ght !y saw ! signs ( ! gr& & f9al reg5]ation4 ,l ! exile on ,patmos !y saw ! holy city1 ! new ,j]usalem1 com+ d[n f ,god out ( heav51 l a bride adorn$ = h] husb& 444 & ! ?rone ^u :i* is seat$ ! ,desir$ ( all nations1 ! ,messiah ( ! new times1 he :o is to make all ?+s new4#b ,yet all eyes 7 turn$ t[>d ,syria1 :]e a ,fr5* knight1 ,jean de ,bri5ne1 _h j be5 decl>$ ,k+ ( ,j]usalem 7#abaj71 & t[>d :i* 7 ha/5+ ! b&s ( ! *ildr5's crusade4 ,! conv]sion ( ,francis1 radical z x 01 giv+ a new direction to 8 ?\ghts & w1 _h n _h p[] to *ange ! f\ndation ( 8 "*4 ,9 a great he>t ev]y?+ is great4 ,9 va9 is "o *ang$ at conv]sion--he rema9s ! same4 ,t :i* *anges is n he :o is conv]t$1 b 8 surr\nd+s2 he is sudd5ly introduc$ into a new pa?1 b he runs 9 x ) ! same ardor4 ,francis /ill rema9$ a knight1 & x is p]haps ?is :i* won = him 9 s high a degree ! wor%ip ( ! f9e/ s\ls ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re 0 9 him t long+ = ! unkn[n1 t ?ir/ = adv5tures & sacrifices1 :i* makes ! hi/ory ( 8 c5tury s gr& & s attractive1 9 spite ( _m d>k features4 ,^? :o h a g5ius = religion h g5]ally ! privilege ( illusion4 ,!y nev] q see h[ l>ge ! _w is4 ,:5 _! fai? has mov$ a m\nta9 !y ?rill ) rapture1 l ! old ,hebrew prophets1 & x seems to !m t !y see ! dawn+ ( ! day :5 ! glory ( ! ,"l w appe>1 :5 ! wolf & ! lamb w fe$ toge!r4 ,bless$ illusion1 t fires ! blood l a g5]\s w9e1 s t ! soldi]s ( righte\sness hurl !mselves aga9/ ! mo/ t]rific =tresses1 believ+ t ^! once tak5 ! w> w be end$4 ,francis _h f\nd su* joys 9 8 union ) pov]ty t he held x = prov5 t "o ne$$ only to be a man to aspire aft] ! same happ9ess1 & t ! ,s>ac5s w\ld be conv]t$ 9 cr[ds to ! gospel ( ,jesus1 if only x 7 ann\nc$ to !m 9 all its simplicity4 ,he !re=e quitt$ ,portiuncula = ?is new k9d ( crusade4 ,x is n kn[n f :at port he emb>k$4 ,x 0 probably 9 ! autumn ( #abab4 ,a tempe/ hav+ ca/ ! %ip ^u ! coa/ ( ,slavonia1 he 0 oblig$ to resign himself ei!r to rema9 sev]al mon?s 9 ^? p>ts or to return to ,italy2 he decid$ to return1 b f\nd mu* difficulty 9 secur+ a passage on a %ip :i* 0 ab\t to sail = ,ancona4 ,he _h no ill-w aga9/ ! sailors1 h[ev]1 & ! /ock ( food fall+ %ort he %>$ ) !m ! provisions ) :i* 8 fri5ds _h ov]load$ him4 ,no soon] _h he l&$ ?an he set out on a prea*+ t\r1 9 :i* s\ls respond$ to 8 appeals#c ) ev5 m eag]ness ?an 9 times pa/4 ,we may suppose t he return$ f ,slavonia 9 ! w9t] ( #abab-abac1 & t he employ$ ! foll[+ spr+ 9 evangeliz+ ,c5tral ,italy4 ,x 0 p]haps dur+ ?is ,l5t t he retir$ to an isl& 9 ,lake ,trasim5o1 mak+ a soj\rn !re :i* aft]w>d became fam\s 9 8 leg5d4#d ,h[ev] t may be1 a p]fectly reliable docum5t %[s him to h be5 9 ! ,romagna 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 #abac4e ,"o day ,francis & 8 companion1 p]haps ,bro!r ,leo1 arriv$ at ! *ateau ( ,montefeltro1#f betwe5 ,mac]ata & ,san ,m>9o4 ,a gr& fete 0 be+ giv5 = ! reception ( a new knight1 b ! noise & s++ did n affright !m1 & )\t hesitation !y ent]$ ! c\rt1 :]e all ! nobility ( ! c\ntry 0 assembl$4 ,francis !n tak+ = 8 text ! two l9es1 ,tanto e il b5e *' aspetto ,*'ogni p5a m'e diletto1#g prea*$ s t\*+ a s]mon t sev]al ( ^? pres5t =got = a mom5t ! t\rney = :i* !y _h come4 ,"o ( !m1 ,orl&o dei ,cattani1 ,c\nt ( ,*iusi 9 ,cas5t9o1 0 s mu* mov$ t1 draw+ ,francis aside1 ,fa!r1 he said to him1 ,i desire mu* to conv]se ) y ab\t ! salvation ( my s\l4 ,v will+ly1 repli$ ,francis2 b g = ?is morn+1 d honor to ^? fri5ds :o h invit$ y1 eat ) !m1 & aft] t we w conv]se z mu* z y please4 ,s x 0 done4 ,! c\nt came back & conclud$ ! int]view by say+1 ,i h 9 ,tuscany a m\nta9 especially favorable to contemplation2 x is entirely isolat$ & w\ld well suit anyone :o desir$ to d p5ance f> f ! noises ( ! _w2 if x pleas$ y ,i w\ld will+ly give x to y & y\r bre?r5 = ! salvation ( my s\l4 ,francis accept$ x joyfully1 b z he 0 oblig$ to be at ,portiuncula = ! ,:itsunday *apt] he po/pon$ ! visit to ! ,v]na#h to a m favorable "t4 ,x 0 p]haps 9 ?is circuit t he w5t to ,imola2 at lea/ no?+ =bids ! supposition4 ,always c\rte\s1 he _h gone imm$iately on 8 arrival to pres5t himself to ! bi%op1 & ask ( him au?ority to prea*4 ,i am n 9 ne$ ( anyone to aid me 9 my task1 repli$ ! bi%op dryly4 ,francis b[$ & retir$1 m polite & ev5 m g5tle ?an usual4 ,b 9 less ?an h\r he _h return$4 ,:at is x1 bro!r1 :at d y want ( me aga98 ,monsignor1 repli$ ,francis1 :5 a fa!r drives 8 son out at ! door he returns by ! w9d[4 ,! bi%op1 dis>m$ by su* pi\s p]si/5ce1 gave ! desir$ au?orization4#i ,! aim ( ,francis at t "t1 h[ev]1 0 n to evangelize ,italy2 8 fri>s 7 already scatt]$ ov] x 9 great numb]s2 & he desir$ r to ga9 !m access to new c\ntries4 ,n hav+ be5 able to rea* ! infidels 9 ,syria1 he resolv$ to seek !m 9 ,morocco4 ,"s little "t be=e 7,july1 #abab71 ! troops ( ! ,almohades _h met an irrep>able defeat 9 ! pla9s ( ,tolosa2 beat5 by ! coalition ( ! ,k+s ( ,aragon1 ,nav>re1 & ,ca/ile1 ,mohamm$-el-,nas] _h return$ to ,morocco to die4 ,francis felt t ?is victory ( arms w\ld be no?+ if x 7 n foll[$ by a peaceful victory ( ! gospel _s4 ,he 0 s full ( 8 project1 s mu* 9 ha/e to arrive at ! end ( 8 j\rney1 t v (t5 he w\ld =get 8 companion1 & ha/5+ =w>d w\ld leave him f> beh9d4 ,! biograph]s are un=tunately mo/ laconic ) reg>d to ?is exp$ition2 !y m]ely say t on arriv+ 9 ,spa9 he 0 s s]i\sly ill t a return home 0 imp]ative4 ,beyond a few local leg5ds1 n v well atte/$1 we possess no o!r in=mation ^u ! labors ( ! ,sa9t 9 ?is c\ntry1 nor ^u ! r\te :i* he foll[$ ei!r 9 go+ or return+4#aj ,?is sil5ce is n at all surpris+1 & ought n to make u und]value ! importance ( ?is mission4 ,! "o to ,egypt1 :i* took place six ye>s lat]1 ) a :ole tra9 ( fri>s1 & at a "t :5 ! ,ord] 0 mu* m develop$1 is m5tion$ only 9 a few l9es by ,?omas ( ,celano2 b = ! rec5t discov]y ( ! ,*ronicle ( ,bro!r ,giordano di ,giano & ! copi\s details giv5 by ,jacques de ,vitry1 we %\ld be r$uc$ to conjectures ^u t j\rney also4 ,! ,spani% leg5ds1 to :i* allusion has j be5 made1 _c be altoge!r )\t f\ndation1 any m ?an ^? :i* conc]n ! j\rney ( ,/4 ,francis ?r\gh ,langu$oc & ,pi$mont2 b 9 ! actual condition ( ! s\rces x is impossible to make a *oice1 ) any sort ( au?ority1 betwe5 ! hi/oric basis & additions to x :olly )\t value4 ,! mission 9 ,spa9 d\btless took place betwe5 ! ,:itsunday ( #abad & t ( #abae4aa ,francis1 ,i ?9k1 _h pass$ ! previ\s ye>#ab 9 ,italy4 ,p]haps he 0 !n go+ to see ! ,v]na4 ,! ,m>* ( ,ancona & ! ,valley ( ,rieti w\ld naturally h attract$ him equally ab\t ?is epo*1 & f9ally ! gr[? ( ! two bran*es ( ! ,ord] mu/ h made necess>y 8 pres5ce at ,portiuncula & ,/4 ,damian4 ,! rapidity & importance ( ^! missions ought 9 no s5se to give surprise1 nor awak5 exagg]at$ critical d\bts4 ,x took only a few h\rs to become a memb] ( ! frat]nity1 & we may n d\bt ! s9c]ity ( ^! vocations1 s9ce _! condition 0 ! imm$iate giv+ up ( all prop]ty ( :atev] k9d1 = ! b5efit ( ! poor4 ,! new fri>s 7 b>ely receiv$ :5 !y 9 _! turn began to receive o!rs1 (t5 becom+ ! heads ( ! movem5t 9 :atev] place !y happ5$ to be4 ,! way 9 :i* we see ?+s go+ on 9 ,g]many 9 #abba1 & 9 ,engl& 9 #abbd1 gives a v liv+ picture ( ?is spiritual g]m9ation4 ,to f\nd a mona/]y x 0 en\gh t two or ?ree ,bro!rs %\ld h at _! disposition "s sort ( a %elt]1 :5ce !y radiat$ out into ! city & ! neighbor+ c\ntry4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be z mu* an exagg]ation to describe ,/4 ,francis z a man :o pass$ 8 life 9 f\nd+ conv5ts1 z to d5y altoge!r ! local traditions :i* attribute to him ! erection ( a hundr$ mona/]ies4 ,9 _m cases a glance is en\gh to %[ :e!r ^! claims ( antiquity are ju/ifi$2 be=e #abbj ! ,ord] _h only h]mitages aft] ! patt]n ( ! ,v]na or ! ,c>c]i1 solely int5d$ = ! ,bro!rs :o desir$ to pass "s "t 9 retreat4 ,return$ to ,assisi1 ,francis admitt$ to ! ,ord] a c]ta9 numb] ( le>n$ m51 among :om 0 p]haps ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,! latt]1 9 fact1 says t ,god at t "t m]cifully rememb]$ him1 & he adds fur!r on3 ,! bless$ ,francis 0 ( an exquisite nobility ( he>t & full ( disc]nm5t2 ) ! greate/ c>e he r5d]$ to ea* "o :at 0 due him1 ) wisdom consid]+ 9 ea* case ! degree ( _! dignities4 ,?is does n h>monize v well ) ! "* ( ,francis z we h sket*$ x2 "o c h>dly imag9e him pres]v+ 9 8 ,ord] su* pr(\nd di/9ctions z 7 at t "t made betwe5 ! diff]5t social ranks1 b he _h t true & et]nal polit5ess :i* has its roots 9 ! he>t1 & :i* is only an expression ( tact & love4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise ) a man :o saw 9 c\rtesy "o ( ! qualities ( ,god4 ,we are approa*+ "o ( ! mo/ obscure p]iods ( 8 life4 ,aft] ! *apt] ( #abae he seems to h pass$ ?r\gh "o ( ^? crises ( disc\ragem5t s frequ5t ) ^? :o long to realize ! ideal 9 ?is _w4 ,_h he discov]$ ! w>n+ signs ( ! mis=tunes :i* 7 to come ^u 8 family8 ,_h he come to see t ! necessities ( life 7 to sully & blight 8 dream8 ,_h he se5 9 ! *eck ( 8 missions 9 ,syria & ,morocco a provid5tial indication t he _h to *ange 8 me?od8 ,we d n "k4 ,b ab\t ?is "t he felt ! ne$ ( turn+ to ,/4 ,cl>a & ,bro!r ,silve/ro = c\nsel on ! subject ( ! d\bts & hesitations :i* assail$ him2 _! reply re/or$ to him peace & joy4 ,god by _! m\? comm&$ him to cont9ue 8 apo/olate4#ac ,imm$iately he rose & set =? 9 ! direction ( ,bevagna1#ad ) an ardor :i* he _h nev] yet %[n4 ,9 enc\rag+ him to p]sev]e ,cl>a _h 9 "s sort inoculat$ him ) a new en?usiasm4 ,"o ^w f h] _h suffic$ to give him back all 8 c\rage1 & f ?is po9t 9 8 life we f9d 9 him m poetry1 m love1 ?an ev] be=e4 ,full ( joy1 he 0 go+ on 8 way :51 p]ceiv+ "s flocks ( birds1 he turn$ aside a little f ! road to g to !m4 ,f> f tak+ flight1 !y flock$ ar\nd him z if to bid him welcome4 ,bro!r birds1 he said to !m !n1 y ought to praise & love y\r ,creator v mu*4 ,he has giv5 y fea!rs = clo?+1 w+s = fly+1 & all t is ne$ful = y4 ,he has made y ! noble/ ( 8 creatures2 he p]mits y to live 9 ! pure air2 y h nei!r to s[ nor to reap1 & yet he takes c>e ( y1 wat*es ov] y & guides y4 ,!n ! birds began to ar* _! necks1 to spread out _! w+s1 to op5 _! beaks1 to look at him1 z if to ?ank him1 :ile he w5t up & d[n 9 _! mid/ /rok+ !m ) ! bord] ( 8 tunic1 s5d+ !m away at la/ ) 8 bless+4#ae ,9 ?is same evangeliz+ t\r1 pass+ ?r\gh ,alviano1#af he spoke a few exhortations to ! p1 b ! swall[s s fill$ ! air ) _! *irp+ t he c\ld n make himself he>d4 ,x is my turn to speak1 he said to !m2 little si/] swall[s1 he>k5 to ! ^w ( ,god2 keep sil5t & be v quiet until ,i h f9i%$4#ag ,we see h[ ,francis's love ext5d$ to all creation1 h[ ! diffus$ life %$ abroad ^u all ?+s inspir$ & mov$ him4 ,f ! sun to ! e>?worm :i* we trample "u foot1 ev]y?+ brea!d 9 8 e> ! ineffable sigh ( be+s t live & suff] & die1 & 9 _! life z 9 _! dea? h a "p 9 ! div9e "w4 ,prais$ be ?\1 ,"l1 ) all ?y creatures1 especially = my bro!r ,sun :i* gives u ! day & by him ?\ %[e/ ?y light4 ,he is beautiful & radiant ) great spl5dor2 ( !e1 ,mo/ ,high1 he is ! symbol4 ,"h aga91 ,francis revives ! ,hebrew inspiration1 ! simple & gr&iose view ( ! prophets ( ,israel4 ,praise ! ,"l6 ! royal ,psalmi/ _h sung1 praise ! ,"l1 fire & fro/1 sn[ & mi/s1 /ormy w9ds t d 8 w1 m\nta9s & all hills1 fruit-trees & all c$>s1 bea/s & all cattle1 creep+ ?+s & f[ls ) w+s1 k+s ( ! e>? & all peoples1 pr9ces & all judges ( ! e>?1 "y m5 & maid5s1 old m5 & *ildr51 praise ! ,"l1 praise ye ! ,"l6 ,! day ( ! birds ( ,bevagna rema9$ 9 8 memory z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( 8 :ole life1 & ?\gh usually s res]v$ he always lov$ to tell ( x2#ah x 0 because he ow$ to ,cl>a ^! pure ardors :i* br\ght him into a secret & delici\s communion ) all be+s2 x 0 %e :o _h reviv$ him f sadness & hesitation2 9 8 he>t he bore an imm5se gratitude to h] :o1 j :5 he ne$$ x1 _h kn[n h[ to return to him love = love1 inspiration = inspiration4 ,francis's sympa?y = animals1 z we see x %9+ =? "h1 has none ( t s5tim5talism1 s (t5 artificial & exclusive ( all o!r love1 :i* c]ta9 associations ( 8 "t noisily display$2 9 him x is only a manife/ation ( 8 feel+ = nature1 a deeply my/ical1 "o might say pan!i/ic1 s5tim5t1 if ! ^w _h n a too def9itely philosophical s5se1 q opposite to ! ,franciscan ?\ght4 ,?is s5tim5t1 :i* 9 ! poets ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is s (t5 false & affect$1 0 9 him n only true1 b _h 9 x some?+ alive1 heal?y1 robu/4#ai ,x is ?is ve9 ( poetry :i* awoke ,italy to self-consci\sness1 made h] 9 a few ye>s =get ! nightm>e ( ,ca?>i/ ideas1 & rescu$ h] f pessimism4 ,by x ,francis became ! =]unn] ( ! arti/ic movem5t :i* prec$$ ! ,r5aissance1 ! inspir] ( t gr\p ( ,pre-,raphaelites1 awkw>d1 grotesque 9 draw+ ?\gh at times !y 71 to :om we turn to-day ) a sort ( piety1 f9d+ 9 _! ungraceful sa9ts an inn] life1 a moral feel+ :i* we seek = else:]e 9 va94 ,if ! voice ( ! ,pov]ello ( ,assisi 0 s well und]/ood x 0 because 9 ?is matt]1 z 9 all o!rs1 x 0 entirely unconv5tional4 ,h[ f> we are1 ) him1 f ! fi]ce or ,ph>isaic piety ( ^? monks :i* =bids ev5 ! females ( animals to ent] _! conv5t6 ,8 notion ( *a/ity 9 no s5se resembles ?is excessive prud]y4 ,"o day at ,si5na he ask$ = "s turtle-doves1 & hold+ !m 9 ! skirt ( 8 tunic1 he said3 ,little si/]s turtle-doves1 y are simple1 innoc5t1 & *a/e2 :y did y let y\rselves be caught8 ,i %all save y f dea?1 & h ne/s made = y1 s t y may br+ =? "y & multiply accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( our ,creator4 ,& he w5t & made ne/s = !m all1 & ! turtle-doves began to lay eggs & br+ up _! broods "u ! eyes ( ! ,bro!rs4#bj ,at ,rieti a family ( r$-brea/s 7 ! gue/s ( ! mona/]y1 & ! "y birds made m>aud+ exp$itions on ! v table :]e ! ,bro!rs 7 eat+4#ba ,n f> f !re1 at ,greccio1#bb !y br\ght to ,francis a lev]et t _h be5 tak5 alive 9 a trap4 ,come to me1 bro!r lev]et1 he said to x4 ,& z ! poor creature1 be+ set free1 ran to him = refuge1 he took x up1 c>ess$ x1 & f9ally put x on ! gr\nd t x might run away2 b x return$ to him aga9 & aga91 s t he 0 oblig$ to s5d x to ! neighbor+ =e/ be=e x w\ld cons5t to return to fre$om4#bc ,"o day he 0 cross+ ! ,lake ( ,rieti4 ,! boatman 9 ^: b>k he 0 mak+ ! passage (f]$ him a t5* ( uncommon size4 ,francis accept$ x ) joy1 b to ! great amazem5t ( ! fi%]man put x back into ! wat]1 bidd+ x bless ,god4#bd ,we %\ld nev] h done if we 7 to relate all ! incid5ts ( ?is k9d1#be = ! s5tim5t ( nature 0 innate ) him2 x 0 a p]petual communion :i* made him love ! :ole creation4#bf ,he is ravi%$ ) ! wit*]y ( great =e/s2 he has ! t]rors ( a *ild :5 he is alone at pray] 9 a des]t$ *apel1 b he ta/es ineffable joy m]ely 9 inhal+ ! p]fume ( a fl[]1 or gaz+ into ! limpid wat] ( a brook4#bg ,?is p]fect lov] ( pov]ty p]mitt$ "o luxury--he ev5 comm&$ x at ,portiuncula--t ( fl[]s2 ! ,bro!r 0 bidd5 n to s[ vegetables & useful plants only2 he mu/ res]ve "o corn] ( good gr\nd = our si/]s1 ! fl[]s ( ! fields4 ,francis talk$ ) !m also1 or r he repli$ to !m1 = _! my/]i\s & g5tle language crept into ! v dep? ( 8 he>t4#bh ,! ?irte5? c5tury 0 prep>$ to und]/& ! voice ( ! ,umbrian poet2 ! s]mon to ! birds#bi clos$ ! reign ( ,byzant9e art & ( ! ?\ght ( :i* x 0 ! image4 ,x is ! end ( dogmatism & au?ority2 x is ! com+ 9 ( individualism & inspiration2 v unc]ta91 no d\bt1 & to be foll[$ by ob/9ate reactions1 b none ! less m>k+ a date 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human consci5ce4#cj ,_m among ! companions ( ,francis 7 too mu* ! *ildr5 ( _! c5tury1 too ?or\ghly imbu$ ) its !ological & metaphysical me?ods1 to q und]/& a s5tim5t s simple & pr(\nd4#ca ,b ea* 9 8 degree felt its *>m4 ,"h ,?omas ( ,celano's language rises to an elevation :i* we f9d 9 no o!r "p ( 8 works1 clos+ ) a picture ( ,francis :i* makes "o ?9k ( ! ,song ( ,songs4#cb ,( m ?an middle height1 ,francis _h a delicate & k9dly face1 black eyes1 a s(t & sonor\s voice4 ,!re 0 9 8 :ole p]son a delicacy & grace :i* made him inf9itely lovely4 ,all ^! *>act]i/ics are f\nd 9 ! mo/ anci5t portraits4#cc ,,footnotes3 #a #c ,soc41 #eg2 cf4 ,an4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eii4 #b ,rev4 xxi42 #a ,cel41 #df2 #c ,soc41 #eg-ei2 ,an4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjj4 #c #a ,cel41 #ee & #ef2 ,bon41 #abi-acb4 #d ,fior41 #g2 ,spec41 #if2 ,con=m41 #bbc;a1 #b4 ,! fact ( ,francis's soj\rn on an isl& 9 ?is lake is made c]ta9 by #a ,cel41 #fj4 #e ,vide bel[1 p4 #djj4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #hbc f4 #f ,at pres5t ,sasso-,feltrio1 betwe5 ,conca & ,m>ec*io1 s\? ( & ab\t two h\rs' walk f ,san ,m>9o4 #g ,! happ9ess t ,i expect is s great t all pa9 is joyful to me4 ,all ! docum5ts give ,francis's text 9 ,italian1 :i* is en\gh to prove t x 0 ! language n only ( 8 poems b also ( 8 s]mons4 ,spec4 #ib;a ff4 ,con=m4 #aac;a1 #b2 #bca;a1 #a2 ,fior41 ,prima consid4 #h ,see p4 #djj4 #i #b ,cel41 #c1 #he2 ,bon41 #hb4 #aj #a ,cel41 #ef2 ,bon41 #acb4 #aa ,vide ,wadd+1 ann4 #abac-abae4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #fjb1 #fjc1 #hbe-hca4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 lib4 i41 cap4 #de1 pp4 #gh-hj2 ,pap9i1 ,/oria di ,s4 ,francesco1 i41 p4 #gi ff4 7,foligno1 #ahbe1 #b vols41 #dto74 ,x is surpris+ to see ,fa!r ,suysk5 giv+ s mu* weight to ! argum5tum a sil5tio4 #ab ,f ,p5teco/1 #abac1 to t ( #abad4--,po/ non multum v]o temporis v]sus ,m>o*ium it] arripuit1 says ,?omas ( ,celano 7#a ,cel41 #ef71 aft] hav+ m5tion$ ! return f ,slavonia4 ,tak+ into acc\nt ! au?or's usus loqu5di ! phrase appe>s to e/abli% a c]ta9 int]val betwe5 ! two missions4 #ac ,con=m41 #aaj;b1 #a2 ,spec41 #fb;b2 ,fior41 #af2 ,bon41 #agj-agd4 #ad ,village ab\t two leagues ,s4 ,w4 f ,assisi4 ,! "t is indirectly fix$ by ,bon41 #agc1 & #a ,cel41 #eh4 #ae #a ,cel4 #eh2 ,bon41 #aji & #agd2 ,fior41 #af2 ,spec41 #fb;b2 ,con=m41 #aad;b1 #b4 #af ,ab\t halfway betwe5 ,orvieto & ,n>ni4 #ag #a ,cel41 #ei2 ,bon41 #age4 #ah ,ad haec1 ut ipse dicebat 444 #a ,cel41 #eh4 #ai ,francis has be5 comp>$ 9 ?is reg>d to c]ta9 ( 8 contempor>ies1 b ! simil>ity ( ! words only makes m evid5t ! div]sity ( inspiration4 ,honorius ,,iii4 may say3 ,=ma rosae e/ inf]ius angu/a1 sup]ius ampla et significat quod ,*ri/us paup] fuit 9 mundo1 s$ e/ ,dom9us sup] omnia et implet univ]sa4 ,nam sicut =ma rosae1 etc4 7,horoy1 t4 i41 col4 xxiv4 & #hjd71 & make a :ole s]mon on ! symbolism ( ! rose2 ^! ov]/ra9$ diss]tations h no?+ to d ) ! feel+ = nature4 ,x is ! ars5al ( m$iaeval rhetoric us$ to dissect a ^w4 ,x is an intellectual ef=t1 n a song ( love4 ,! ,imitation w\ld say3 ,if ?y he>t 7 "r all creatures w\ld be = !e a mirror ( life & a volume ( holy doctr9e1 lib4 ii41 cap4 #b4 ,! simple s5tim5t ( ! beauty ( creation is abs5t "h also2 ! passage is a p$agogue 9 disguise4 #bj ,spec41 #aeg4 ,fior42 #bb4 #ba #b ,cel41 #b1 #af2 ,con=m41 #adh;a1 #a1 #ahc;b1 #b4 ,cf4 ! /ory ( ! %eep ( ,portiuncula3 ,bon41 #aaa4 #bb ,village 9 ! valley ( ,rieti1 two h\rs' walk f t t[n1 on ! road to ,t]ni4 #bc #a ,cel41 #fj2 ,bon41 #aac4 #bd #a ,cel41 #fa2 ,bon41 #aad4 #be #b ,cel41 #c1 #ed2 ,bon41 #aji2 #b ,cel41 #c2 #ajc ff42 ,bon41 #aaf ff42 ,bon41 #aaj2 #a ,cel41 #fa2 ,bon41 #aad1 #aac1 #aae2 #a ,cel41 #gi2 ,fior41 #ac1 etc4 #bf #b ,cel41 #c1 #aja ff42 ,bon41 #abc4 #bg #b ,cel41 #c1 #ei2 #a ,cel41 #hj & #ha4 #bh #b ,cel41 #c1 #aja2 ,spec41 #acf;a2 #a ,cel41 #ha4 #bi ,?is is ! sc5e 9 8 life mo/ (t5 reproduc$ by ! pr$ecessors ( ,giotto4 ,! unkn[n arti/ :o 7be=e #abcf7 decorat$ ! nave ( ! ,l[] ,*ur* ( ,assisi gives five frescos to ! hi/ory ( ,jesus & five to ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,^u ! latt] he repres5ts3 #a1 ! r5unciation ( ! pat]nal inh]itance2 #b1 ,francis uphold+ ! ,lat]an *ur*2 #c1 ! s]mon to ! birds2 #d1 ! /igmata2 #e1 ! fun]al4 ,?is "w1 unhappily v badly light$1 & ab\t half ( x de/roy$ at ! "t ( ! con/ruction ( ! *apels ( ! nave1 ought to be engrav$ be=e x completely disappe>s4 ,! hi/ory ( art 9 ! "t ( ,giunta ,pisano is /ill too mu* envelop$ 9 obscurity = u to neglect su* a s\rce ( in=mation4 ,m4 ,?ode 7,franz von ,assisi und die ,anfa5ge d] ,kun/1 ,b]l91 #ahhe1 #hvo4 illu/47 & ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,frat9i 7,/oria della ,basilica d',assisi1 ,prato1 #ahhb1 #hvo7 are mu* too brief s f> z ^! frescos are conc]n$4 #cj ,x is ne$less to say t ,i d n claim t ,francis 0 ! only initiator ( ?is movem5t1 /ill less t he 0 its creator2 he 0 its mo/ inspir$ s+]1 & t may suffice = 8 glory4 ,if ,italy 0 awak5$ x 0 because h] sleep 0 n s s\nd z 9 ! t5? c5tury2 ! mosaics ( ! facade ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,spoleto 7! ,*ri/ betwe5 ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john7 already belong to ! new art4 ,/ill1 ! victory 0 s little f9al t ! mural pa9t+s ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce )\t ! walls & ( ! ,quattro ,coronate1 :i* are subsequ5t to x by half a score ( ye>s1 relapse into a co>se ,byzant9ism4 ,see also ^? ( ! ,bapti/]y ( ,flor5ce4 #ca ,h5ce ! m or less subtile explanations ) :i* !y adorn ^! incid5ts4--,z to ! "p ( animals 9 ?irte5? c5tury leg5ds consult ,caes> von ,hei/]ba*1 ,/range's edition1 t4 ii41 pp4 #beg ff4 #cb #a ,cel41 #hj-hc4 #cc #a ,cel41 #hc2 ,con=m41 #aaa;a4 ,m4 ,?ode 7,anfa5ge1 pp4 #gf-id7 makes a /udy ( "s ?irty portraits4 ,! mo/ important are reproduc$ 9 ,sa9t ,francois 7#a vol41 #dto1 ,p>is1 #ahhe72 #a1 contempor>y portrait1 by ,bro!r ,eudes1 n[ at ,subiaco 7loc4 cit41 p4 #cj72 #b1 portrait dat+ ab\t #abcj1 by ,giunta ,pisano 7872 pres]v$ at ,portiuncula 7loc4 cit41 p4 #chd72 #c1 f9ally1 portrait dat$ #abce1 by ,bon4 ,b]l+hi]i1 & pres]v$ at ,pescia1 9 ,tuscany 7loc4 cit41 p4 #bgg74 ,9 #ahhf ,pr(4 ,c>attoli /udi$ ) great c>e a portrait :i* dates f ab\t ^? ye>s & ( :i* he gives a picture 7also pres]v$ ( late ye>s at ,portiuncula74 ,miscellanea francescana t4 i41 pp4 #dd-dh2 cf4 pp4 #afj1 #aij1 & #ahhg1 p4 #cb4 ,m4 ,bonghi has writt5 "s int]e/+ pap]s on ! iconography ( ,/4 ,francis 7,francesco di ,assisi1 #a vol41 #abmo1 ,citta di ,ca/ello1 ,lapi1 #ahhd4 ,vide pp4 #ajc-aac74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,inn] ,,man ,,& ,,wond]-,,work+ ,! mission>y j\rney1 und]tak5 "u ! enc\ragem5t ( ,/4 ,cl>a & s poetically inaugurat$ by ! s]mon to ! birds ( ,bevagna1 appe>s to h be5 a cont9ual triumph = ,francis4#a ,leg5d def9itively takes possession ( him2 :e!r he w or no1 miracles bur/ =? "u 8 foot/eps2 q unaw>es to himself ! objects ( :i* he has made use produce m>vell\s effects2 folk come out f ! villages 9 procession to meet him1 & ! biograph] gives u to he> ! e*o ( ^? religi\s fe/ivals ( ,italy--m]ry1 popul>1 noisy1 ba!d 9 sun%9e--:i* s little resemble ! fa/idi\sly arrang$ fe/ivals ( nor!rn peoples4 ,f ,alviano ,francis d\btless w5t to ,n>ni1 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ little t[ns 9 ,umbria1 busy ) build+ a ca!dral aft] ! conque/ ( _! communal lib]ties4 ,he seems to h _h a sort ( pr$ilection = ?is city z well z = its surr\nd+ villages4#b ,f !nce he seems to h plung$ into ! valley ( ,rieti1 :]e ,greccio1 ,fonte-,colombo1 ,san ,fabiano1 ,sant-,eleu!ro1 ,poggio-,buscone reta9 ev5 /rong] traces ( him ?an ! environs ( ,assisi4 ,?omas ( ,celano gives u no p>ticul>s ( ! r\te foll[$1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 he goes at l5g? into ! success ( ! apo/le 9 ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 & especially at ,ascoli4 ,did ! p ( ^! di/ricts /ill rememb] ! appeals :i* ,francis & ,egidio _h made to !m six ye>s be=e 7#abji71 or mu/ we believe t !y 7 peculi>ly prep>$ to und]/& ! new gospel8 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 n[h]e else 0 a l en?usiasm %[n2 ! effect ( ! s]mons 0 s great t "s ?irty neophytes at once receiv$ ! habit ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ,m>* ( ,ancona ought to be held to be ! ,franciscan prov9ce p> excell5ce4 ,!re are ,(fida1 ,san-,sev]9o1 ,mac]ata1 ,=n>o1 ,c+oli1 ,f]mo1 ,massa1 & tw5ty o!r h]mitages :]e1 dur+ m ?an a c5tury1 pov]ty 0 to f9d its h]alds & its m>tyrs2 f !nce came ,giovanni della ,v]na1 ,jacopo di ,massa1 ,conrad di ,(fida1 ,angelo ,cl>5o1 & ^? legions ( nameless revolutioni/s1 dream]s1 & prophets1 :o s9ce ! extirpes 9 #abdd by ! g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 ,cresc5tius ( ,jesi1 nev] ceas$ to make new recruits1 & by _! pr\d resi/ance to all p[]s fill$ "o ( ! f9e/ pages ( religi\s hi/ory 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,?is success1 :i* ba!d ! s\l ( ,francis ) joy1 did n ar\se 9 him ! smalle/ movem5t ( pride4 ,nev] has man _h a great] p[] ov] he>ts1 because nev] prea*] prea*$ himself less4 ,"o day ,bro!r ,masseo desir$ to put 8 mode/y to ! te/4 ,:y !e8 ,:y !e8 ,:y !e8 he repeat$ aga9 & aga91 z if to make a mock ( ,francis4 ,:at are y say+8 cri$ ,francis at la/4 ,i am say+ t ev]ybody foll[s !e1 ev]yone desires to see !e1 he> !e1 & obey !e1 & yet = all t ?\ art nei!r beautiful1 nor le>n$1 nor ( noble family4 ,:5ce comes x1 !n1 t x %\ld be !e :om ! _w desires to foll[8 ,on he>+ ^! words ! bless$ ,francis1 full ( joy1 rais$ 8 eyes to heav51 & aft] rema9+ a long "t absorb$ 9 contemplation he knelt1 prais+ & bless+ ,god ) extraord9>y f]vor4 ,!n turn+ t[>d ,masseo1 ,?\ wi%e/ to "k :y x is ,i :om m5 foll[8 ,?\ wi%e/ to "k8 ,x is because ! eyes ( ! ,mo/ ,high h will$ x ?us2 he cont9ually wat*es ! good & ! wick$1 & z 8 mo/ holy eyes h n f\nd among s9n]s any small] man1 nor any m insuffici5t & m s9ful1 !re=e he has *os5 me to accompli% ! m>vell\s "w :i* ,god has und]tak52 he *ose me because he c\ld f9d no "o m wor?less1 & he wi%$ "h to conf\nd ! nobility & gr&eur1 ! /r5g?1 ! beauty1 & ! le>n+ ( ?is _w4 ,?is reply ?r[s a ray ( light ^u ,/4 ,francis's he>t2 ! message :i* he br\ght to ! _w is once aga9 ! glad tid+s ann\nc$ to ! poor2 its purpose is ! tak+ up aga9 ( t ,messianic "w :i* ! ,virg9 ( ,naz>e? caught a glimpse ( 9 h] ,magnificat1 t song ( love & lib]ty1 ! sighs ( :i* brea! ! vision ( a new social /ate4 ,he comes to rem9d ! _w t ! welf>e ( man1 ! peace ( 8 he>t1 ! joy ( 8 life1 are nei!r 9 money1 nor 9 le>n+1 nor 9 /r5g?1 b 9 an upright & s9c]e w4 ,peace to m5 ( good w4 ,! "p :i* he _h tak5 at ,assisi 9 ! controv]sies ( 8 fell[-citiz5s he w\ld will+ly h tak5 9 all ! re/ ( ,italy1 = no man has ev] dream$ ( a m complete r5ovation2 b if ! end he s\ght 0 ! same z t ( _m revolution>ies :o came aft] him1 _! me?ods 7 completely diff]5t2 8 only weapon 0 love4 ,! ev5t has decid$ aga9/ him4 ,ap>t f ! illum9ati ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona & ! ,fraticelli ( our own ,prov5ce 8 disciples h vi$ ) "o ano!r to misund]/& 8 ?\ght4#c ,:o kn[s if "s "o w n arise to take up 8 "w8 ,has n ! passion = worm-eat5 speculations yet made victims en\gh8 ,are !re n _m among u :o p]ceive t luxury is a delusion1 t if life is a battle1 x is n a slaught]-h\se :]e f]oci\s bea/s wrangle ov] _! prey1 b a wre/l+ ) ! div9e1 "u :atev] =m x may pres5t itself--tru?1 beauty1 or love8 ,:o kn[s :e!r ?is expir+ n9ete5? c5tury w n arise f its w9d+-%eet to make am5de honorable & bequea? to its successor "o manly ^w ( fai?8 ,yes1 ! ,messiah w come4 ,he :o 0 ann\nc$ by ,gioac*9o di ,fiore & :o is to inaugurate a new epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity w appe>4 ,hope make? n a%am$4 ,9 our mod]n ,babylons & 9 ! huts on our m\nta9s are too _m s\ls :o my/]i\sly sigh ! hymn ( ! great vigil1 ,rorate coeli desup] et nubes pluant ,ju/um1#d = u n to be on ! eve ( a div9e bir?4 ,all orig9s are my/]i\s4 ,?is is true ( matt]1 b yet m true ( t life1 sup]ior to all o!rs1 :i* we call hol9ess2 x 0 9 pray] t ,francis f\nd ! spiritual /r5g? :i* he ne$$2 he !re=e s\ght = sil5ce & solitude4 ,if he knew h[ to d battle 9 ! mid/ ( m5 9 ord] to w9 !m to ! fai?1 he lov$1 z ,celano says1 to fly away l a bird go+ to make its ne/ ^u ! m\nta94#e ,) m5 truly pi\s ! pray] ( ! lips1 ! =mulat$ pray]1 is h>dly o!r ?an an inf]ior =m ( true pray]4 ,ev5 :5 x is s9c]e & att5tive1 & n a me*anical repetition1 x is only a prelude = s\ls n dead ( religi\s mat]ialism4 ,no?+ resembles piety s mu* z love4 ,=mul>ies ( pray] are z incapable ( speak+ ! emotions ( ! s\l z model love-lett]s ( speak+ ! transports ( an impassion$ he>t4 ,to true piety z well z to pr(\nd love1 ! =mula is a sort ( pr(anation4 ,to pray is to talk ) ,god1 to lift ourselves up to him1 to conv]se ) him t he may come d[n to u4 ,x is an act ( m$itation1 ( reflection1 :i* presupposes ! ef=t ( all t is mo/ p]sonal 9 u4 ,look$ at 9 ?is s5se1 pray] is ! "m ( all lib]ty & all fre$om4 ,:e!r or no x be a soliloquy ( ! s\l ) itself1 ! soliloquy w\ld be none ! less ! v f\ndation ( a /rong individuality4 ,) ,/4 ,francis z ) ,jesus1 pray] has ?is "* ( ef=t :i* makes ( x ! greate/ moral act4 ,9 ord] to truly "k su* m5 "o mu/ h be5 able to g ) !m1 to foll[ ,jesus up to ! m\nta9 :]e he pass$ 8 nights4 ,?ree favor$ ones1 ,pet]1 ,james1 ,john1 foll[$ him ?i!r "o day2 b to describe :at !y saw1 all t a manly sursum corda add$ to ! radiance & ! my/]i\s gr&eur ( him :om !y ador$1 !y 7 oblig$ to resort to ! language ( symbols4 ,x 0 s ) ,/4 ,francis4 ,= him z = 8 ,ma/] ! end ( pray] is communion ) ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 ! accord ( ! div9e ) ! human2 or r x is man :o puts =? 8 /r5g? to d ! "w ( ,god1 n say+ to him a m]e passive1 resign$1 p[]less ,fiat1 b c\rage\sly rais+ 8 head3 ,behold me1 ,"l1 ,i delight to d ?y w4 ,!re are unfa?omable dep?s 9 ! human s\l1 because at ! bottom is ,god himself4 ,:e!r ?is ,god be transc5d5t or imman5t1 :e!r he be ,"o1 ! ,creator1 ! et]nal & immutable ,pr9ciple1 or :e!r he be1 z say ! doctors beyond ! ,rh9e1 ! ideal objectivation ( our ,me1 is n ! "q = ! h]oes ( humanity4 ,! soldi] 9 ! ?ick ( battle does n philosophize z to h[ mu* tru? or falsehood !re is 9 ! patriotic s5tim5t2 he takes 8 arms & fights at ! p]il ( 8 life4 ,s ! soldi]s ( spiritual conflicts seek = /r5g? 9 pray]1 9 reflection1 contemplation1 inspiration2 all1 poets1 arti/s1 tea*]s1 sa9ts1 legislators1 prophets1 lead]s ( ! p1 le>n$ m51 philosoph]s1 all draw f ?is same s\rce4 ,b x is n )\t difficulty t ! s\l unites itself to ,god1 or if "o pref]s1 t x f9ds itself4 ,a pray] ends at la/ 9 div9e communion only :5 x began by a /ruggle4 ,! patri>* ( ,israel1 asleep ne> ,be!l1 _h already div9$ ?is3 ! ,god :o passes by tells 8 "n only to ^? :o /op him & d him viol5ce to le>n x4 ,he blesses only aft] long h\rs ( conflict4 ,! gospel has f\nd an untranslatable ^w to *>act]ize ! pray]s ( ,jesus1 x comp>es ! conflict :i* prec$$ ! volunt>y immolation ( ,*ri/ to ! dea?-/ruggle3 ,factus 9 agonia4#f ,we might say ( 8 life t x _h be5 a long temptation1 a /ruggle1 a pray]1 s9ce ^! words only express diff]5t mom5ts ( spiritual activity4 ,l _! ,ma/]1 ! disciples & successors ( ,*ri/ c conqu] _! own s\ls only ?r\gh p]sev]ance4 ,b ^! words1 empty ( mean+ = dev\t conv5ticles1 h _h a tragic s5se = m5 ( religi\s g5ius4 ,no?+ is m false1 hi/orically1 ?an ! sa9ts t adorn our *ur*es1 ) _! m9c+ attitude1 _! pite\s expression1 t indescribably anaemic & emaciat$--"o may almo/ say emasculat$--air :i* %[s 9 _! :ole nature2 !y are pi\s sem9>i/s br\ght up "u ! direction ( ,/4 ,alphonso di ,liguori or ( ,/4 ,l\is di ,gonzagua2 !y are n sa9ts1 n ! viol5t :o take ! k+dom ( heav5 by =ce4 ,we h come to "o ( ! mo/ delicate features ( ! life ( ,francis--8 relations ) diabolical p[]s4 ,cu/oms & ideas h s pr(\ndly *ang$ 9 all t conc]ns ! exi/5ce ( ! devil & 8 relations ) m51 t x is almo/ impossible to picture to oneself ! enorm\s place :i* ! ?\ght ( demons occupi$ at t "t 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,! be/ m9ds ( ! ,middle ,ages believ$ )\t a d\bt 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! p]v]se _s1 9 8 p]petual trans=mations 9 ! endeavor to tempt m5 & cause !m to fall into 8 sn>es4 ,ev5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,lu!r1 :o und]m9$ s _m beliefs1 _h no m d\bt ( ! p]sonal exi/5ce ( ,satan ?an ( sorc]y1 conjurations1 or possessions4#g ,f9d+ 9 _! s\ls a wide backgr\nd ( gr&eur & wret*$ness1 :5ce !y sometimes he>d a bur/ ( di/ant h>monies call+ !m to a high] life1 soon to be ov]p[]$ by ! clamors ( ! brute1 our ance/ors c\ld n refra9 f seek+ ! explanation ( ?is duel4 ,!y f\nd x 9 ! conflict ( ! demons ) ,god4 ,! devil is ! pr9ce ( ! demons1 z ,god is ! pr9ce ( ! angels2 capable ( all trans=mations1 !y c>ry on to ! end ( "t t]rible battles :i* w end 9 ! victory ( ,god1 b meantime ea* man 8 :ole life long is cont5d$ = by ^! two adv]s>ies1 & ! noble/ s\ls are naturally ! mo/ disput$4 ,?is is h[ ,/4 ,francis1 ) all m5 ( 8 "t1 expla9$ ! disquietudes1 t]rors1 angui%1 ) :i* 8 he>t 0 at times assail$1 z well z ! hopes1 consolations1 joys 9 :i* 9 g5]al 8 s\l 0 ba!d4 ,:]ev] we foll[ 8 /eps local tradition has pres]v$ ! memory ( rude assaults ( ! tempt] :i* he _h to und]go4 ,x is no d\bt useless to recall "h ! elem5t>y fact t if mann]s *ange ) ! times1 man himself is q z /rangely modifi$4 ,if1 accord+ to education1 & ! mann] ( life1 su* or su* a s5se may develop an acut5ess :i* conf\nds common exp]i5ce--he>+ 9 ! musician1 t\* ) ! bl9d1 etc4--we may e/imate by ?is h[ mu* %>p] c]ta9 s5ses may h be5 !n ?an n[4 ,sev]al c5turies ago visual delusion 0 ) adults :at x is n[ ) *ildr5 9 remote/ c\ntry p>ts4 ,a quiv]+ leaf1 a no?+1 a brea?1 an unexpla9$ s\nd creates an image :i* !y see & 9 ! reality ( :i* !y believe absolutely4 ,man is all ( a piece2 ! hyp]ae/hesia ( ! w presupposes t ( ! s5sibility1 "o is condition$ on ! o!r1 & x is ?is :i* makes m5 ( revolution>y epo*s s mu* great] ?an nature4 ,x w\ld be absurd "u pretext ( tru? to try to br+ !m back to ! common measures ( our contempor>y society1 = !y 7 v]itably demigods = good z = evil4 ,leg5ds are n always absurd4 ,! m5 ( '#ic are /ill ne> to u1 b x is nev]!less ) good "r t leg5d has tak5 possession ( !m1 & x is pitiable to see ^! m5 :o1 t5 times a day1 _h to take resolutions :]e ev]y?+ 0 at /ake--_! de/9y1 t ( _! ideas1 & sometimes t ( _! c\ntry--judg$ z if !y _h be5 m]e wor?y citiz5s1 ) leisure to discuss at l5g? e morn+ ! g>m5ts !y 7 to we> or ! m5u ( a d9n]4 ,mo/ ( ! "t hi/orians h p]ceiv$ only a "p ( ! tru? ab\t !m2 = n only 7 !re two m5 9 !m1 almo/ all ( !m are at ! same "t poets1 demagogues1 prophets1 h]oes1 m>tyrs4 ,to write hi/ory1 !n1 is to translate & transpose almo/ cont9ually4 ,! m5 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury c\ld n br+ !mselves to n ref] to an ext]ior cause ! inn] motions ( _! s\ls4 ,9 :at appe>s to u z ! result ( our own reflections !y saw inspiration2 :]e we say desires1 in/9cts1 passions1 !y said temptation1 b we mu/ n p]mit ^! diff]5ces ( language to make u ov]look or tax ) trick]y a "p ( _! spiritual life1 br++ u ?us to ! conclusions ( a n>r[ & ignorant rationalism4 ,/4 ,francis believ$ himself to h _m a "t f\ght ) ! devil2 ! horrible demons ( ! ,etruscan ,inf]no /ill haunt$ ! =e/s ( ,umbria & ,tuscany2 b :ile = 8 contempor>ies & "s ( 8 disciples app>itions1 prodigies1 possessions1 are daily ph5om5a1 = him !y are exceptional1 & rema9 entirely 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ! iconography ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 z 9 t ( mo/ ( ! popul> sa9ts1 ! devil occupies a prepond]ant place2 9 t ( ,/4 ,francis he disappe>s s completely t 9 ! long s]ies ( ,giotto's frescos at ,assisi he is n se5 a s+le "t4#h ,9 ! same way all t is magic & miracle-work+ occupies 9 8 life an entirely second>y rank4 ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels gave 8 apo/les p[] to ca/ out evil spirits1 & to heal all sickness & all infirmity4#i ,francis surely took lit]ally ^! words1 :i* made a "p ( 8 ,rule4 ,he believ$ t he c\ld "w miracles1 & he will$ to d s2 b 8 religi\s ?\ght 0 too pure to p]mit him to consid] miracles o!rwise ?an z an entirely exceptional means ( reliev+ ! suff]+s ( m54 ,n once d we see him resort+ to miracle to prove 8 apo/olate or to bol/] up 8 ideas4 ,8 tact taught him t s\ls are wor?y ( be+ won by bett] means4 ,?is almo/ complete abs5ce ( ! m>vell\s#aj is by s mu* ! m rem>kable t x is 9 absolute contradiction ) ! t5d5cies ( 8 "t4#aa ,op5 ! life ( 8 disciple1 ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua 7,cross #abca72 x is a tiresome catalogue ( prodigies1 heal+s1 resurrections4 ,"o w\ld say x 0 r ! prospectus ( "s druggi/ :o _h inv5t$ a new drug ?an a call to m5 to conv]sion & a high] life4 ,x may int]e/ invalids or devotees1 b nei!r ! he>t nor ! consci5ce is t\*$ by x4 ,x mu/ be said 9 ju/ice to ,an?ony ( ,padua t 8 relations ) ,francis appe> to h be5 v slight4 ,among ! e>lie/ disciples :o _h "t to fa?om _! ma/]'s ?\ght to ! v dep?s we f9d traces ( ?is noble disda9 ( ! m>vell\s2 !y knew too well t ! p]fect joy is n to a/\nd ! _w ) prodigies1 to give sight to ! bl9d1 nor ev5 to revive ^? :o h be5 f\r days dead1 b t x lives 9 ! love t goes ev5 to self-immolation4 ,mihi absit glori>i nisi 9 cruce ,dom9i4#ab ,?us ,bro!r ,egidio ask$ ( ,god grace n to p]=m miracles2 he saw 9 !m1 z 9 ! passion = le>n+1 a sn>e 9 :i* ! pr\d w\ld be tak51 & :i* w\ld di/ract ! ,ord] f its true mission4#ac ,/4 ,francis's miracles are all acts ( love2 ! great] numb] ( !m are f\nd 9 ! heal+ ( n]v\s maladies1 ^? app>5tly inexplicable disquietudes :i* are ! cruel afflictions ( critical times4 ,8 g5tle glance1 at once s compassionate & s /rong1 :i* seem$ l a mess5g] f 8 he>t1 (t5 suffic$ to make ^? :o met x =get all _! suff]+4 ,! evil eye is p]haps a less /upid sup]/ition ?an is g5]ally fanci$4 ,jesus 0 "r 9 say+ t a look suffic$ to make "o an adult]]2 b !re is also a look--t ( ! contemplative ,m>y1 = example--:i* is wor? all sacrifices1 because x includes !m all1 because x gives1 consecrates1 immolates him :o looks4 ,civilization dulls ?is p[] ( ! glance4 ,a "p ( ! education ! _w gives u consi/s 9 tea*+ our eyes to deceive1 9 mak+ !m expressionless1 9 ext+ui%+ _! flames2 b simple & /raight=w>d natures nev] give up us+ ?is language ( ! he>t1 :i* br+s life & heal? 9 its beams4 ,a ,bro!r 0 suff]+ unspeakable tortures2 sometimes he w\ld roll ^u ! gr\nd1 /rik+ aga9/ :atev] lay 9 8 way1 fro?+ at ! m\?1 horrible to see2 at times he w\ld become rigid1 & aga91 aft] rema9+ />k out/ret*$ = a mom5t1 w\ld roll ab\t 9 horrible contortions2 sometimes ly+ 9 a heap on ! gr\nd1 8 feet t\*+ 8 head1 he w\ld b\nd upw>d z high z a man's head4 ,francis came to see him & heal$ him4#ad ,b ^! are exceptions1 & ! great] "p ( ! "t ! ,sa9t )drew himself f ! entreaties ( 8 companions :5 !y ask$ miracles at 8 h&s4 ,to sum up1 if we take a survey ( ! :ole field ( ,francis's piety1 we see t x proce$s f ! secret union ( 8 s\l ) ! div9e by pray]2 ?is intuitive p[] ( see+ ! ideal classes him ) ! my/ics4 ,he knew1 inde$1 bo? ! ec/asy & ! lib]ty ( my/icism1 b we mu/ n =get ^? features ( "* :i* sep>ate him f x1 p>ticul>ly 8 apo/olic f]vor4 ,besides ?is 8 piety _h c]ta9 peculi> qualities :i* x is necess>y to po9t out4 ,& fir/1 lib]ty ) respect ( obs]vances3 ,francis felt all ! empt9ess & pride ( mo/ religi\s obs]vance4 ,he saw ! sn>e t lies hidd5 !re1 = ! man :o c>efully obs]ves all ! m9utiae ( a religi\s code risks =gett+ ! supreme law ( love4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! fri> :o lays ^u himself a c]ta9 numb] ( sup]]ogatory facts ga9s ! admiration ( ! ignorant1 b ! pleasure :i* he f9ds 9 ?is admiration actually trans=ms 8 pi\s act into s94 ,?us1 /rangely en\gh1 contr>y to o!r f\nd]s ( ord]s1 he 0 cont9ually eas+ ! /rictness ( ! v>i\s rules :i* he laid d[n4#ae ,we may n take ?is to be a m]e accid5t1 = x 0 only aft] a /ruggle ) 8 disciples t he made 8 w prevail2 & x 0 precisely ^? :o 7 mo/ dispos$ to relax _! v[ ( pov]ty :o 7 ! mo/ anxi\s to display c]ta9 bigot$ obs]vances be=e ! public eye4 ,! s9n] c fa/1 ,francis w\ld say at su* times2 he c pray1 weep1 mac]ate himself1 b "o ?+ he _c d1 he _c be fai?ful to ,god4 ,noble words1 n unwor?y to fall f ! lips ( him :o came to prea* a wor%ip 9 _s & 9 tru?1 )\t temple or prie/2 or r t e fireside %all be a temple & e believ] a prie/4 ,religi\s =malism1 9 :atev] =m ( wor%ip1 always takes on a =c$ & morose mann]4 ,ph>isees ( e age disfigure _! faces t no "o may be unaw>e ( _! godl9ess4 ,francis n m]ely c\ld n endure ^! grimaces ( false piety1 he actually c\nt$ mir? & joy 9 ! numb] ( religi\s duties4 ,h[ %all "o be melan*oly :o has 9 ! he>t an inexhau/ible treasure ( life & tru? :i* only increases z "o draws ^u x8 ,h[ be sad :5 9 spite ( falls "o nev] ceases to make progress8 ,! pi\s s\l :i* gr[s & develops has a joy l t ( ! *ild1 happy 9 feel+ its weak little limbs gr[+ /rong & p]mitt+ x e day a fur!r ex]tion4 ,! ^w joy is p]haps t :i* comes mo/ (t5 to ! p5 ( ! ,franciscan au?ors2#af ! ma/] w5t s f> z to make x "o ( ! precepts ( ! ,rule4#ag ,he 0 too good a g5]al n to "k t a joy\s army is always a victori\s army4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,franciscan missions !re are bur/s ( laught] :i* r+ out high & cle>4#ah ,= t matt]1 we are apt to imag9e ! ,middle ,ages z mu* m melan*oly ?an !y really 74 ,m5 suff]$ mu* 9 ^? days1 b ! idea ( grief be+ nev] sep>at$ f t ( p5alty1 suff]+ 0 ei!r an expiation or a te/1 & sorr[ ?us reg>d$ loses its /+2 light & hope %9e ?r\gh x4 ,francis drew a "p ( 8 joy f ! communion4 ,he gave to ! sacram5t ( ! eu*>i/ t wor%ip imbu$ ) unutt]able emotion1 ) joyful te>s1 :i* has aid$ "s ( ! noble/ ( human s\ls to endure ! burd5 & heat ( ! day4#ai ,! lett] ( ! dogma 0 n fix$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury z x is to-day1 b all t is beautiful1 true1 pot5t1 et]nal 9 ! my/ical fea/ in/itut$ by ,jesus 0 !n alive 9 e he>t4 ,! eu*>i/ 0 truly ! viaticum ( ! s\l4 ,l ! pilgrims ( ,emmaus long ago1 9 ! h\r :5 ! %ades ( ev5+ fall & a vague sadness invades ! s\l1 :5 ! phantoms ( ! night awake & seem to loom up beh9d all our ?\ghts1 our fa!rs saw ! div9e & my/]i\s ,companion com+ t[>d !m2 !y drank 9 8 words1 !y felt 8 /r5g? desc5d+ ^u _! he>ts1 all _! inw>d be+ w>m$ aga91 & aga9 !y :isp]$1 ,abide ) u1 ,"l1 = ! day is f> sp5t & ! night approa*e?4 ,& (t5 _! pray] 0 he>d4 ,,footnotes3 #a #a ,cel41 #fb4 #b #a ,cel41 #ff2 cf4 ,bon41 #ahj2 #a ,cel41 #fg2 cf4 ,bon41 #ahb2 #a ,cel41 #fi2 ,bon41 #ahc4 ,aft] ,/4 ,francis's dea? ! ,n>niates 7 ! fir/ to come to pray at 8 tomb4 #a ,cel41 #abh1 #ace1 #acf1 #ach1 #ada2 ,bon41 #bge4 #c ,z conc]n+3 #a1 fidelity to ,pov]ty2 #b1 prohibition ( modify+ ! ,rule2 #c1 ! equal au?ority ( ! ,w & ! ,rule2 #d1 ! reque/ = privileges at ! c\rt ( ,rome2 #e1 ! elevation ( ! fri>s to high ecclesia/ical *>ges2 #f1 ! absolute prohibition ( putt+ !mselves 9 opposition to ! secul> cl]gy2 #g1 ! int]diction ( great *ur*es & ri* conv5ts4 ,on all ^! po9ts & _m o!rs infidelity to ,francis's w 0 complete 9 ! ,ord] less ?an tw5ty-five ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,we might expatiate on all ?is2 ! ,holy ,see 9 int]pret+ ! ,rule _h canonical "r on its side1 b ,ub]t9o di ,casali 9 say+ t x 0 p]fectly cle> & _h no ne$ ( int]pretation _h good s5se on 8 side2 let t suffice6 ,et e/ /upor qu>e qu]itur expositio sup] litt]am sic ap]tam quia nulla e/ difficultas 9 regulae intellig5tia4 ,arbor vitae crucifixae1 ,v5ice1 #adhe4 lib4 v41 cap4 #c4 ,sanctus vir ,egidius tanto ejulatu clamabat sup] regulae de/ructionem quam videbat quod ignorantibus viam spiritus quasi videbatur insanus4 ,id4 ibid4 #d ,heav5s drop d[n y\r dew1 & let ! cl\ds ra9 d[n ! ,j ,"o4 ,an!m = ,adv5t4 #e ,9 =amibus petrae nidificabat4 #a ,cel41 #ga4 ,^u ! pray]s ( ,francis vide ibid41 #ga & #gb2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ch-dc2 ,b541 #aci-adh4 ,cf4 #a ,cel41 #f2 #ia2 #ajc2 #c ,soc41 #h2 #ab2 etc4 #f ,luke1 xxii4 #dd4 #g ,felix ,kuhn3 ,lu!r1 sa vie et son oeuvre1 ,p>is1 #ahhc1 #c vols41 #hvo4 t4 i41 p4 #abh2 t4 ii41 p4 #i2 t4 iii41 p4 #beg4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i does n hesitate to describe a visit :i* he made "o day to ! ,coliseum 9 company ) a magician ^: words evok$ cl\ds ( devils :o fill$ ! :ole place4 ,b4 ,cell9i1 ,la vita scritta da lui m$esimo1 ,bian*i's edition1 ,flor5ce1 #ahij1 #abmo1 p4 #cc4 #h ,on ! devil & ,francis vide #a ,cel41 #fh1 #gb2 #c ,soc41 #ab2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #f2 #c1 #aj2 #ec2 #eh-fe2 ,bon41 #ei-fb4 ,cf4 ,eccl41 #c2 #e2 #ac2 ,fior41 #bi2 ,spec41 #aaj;b4 ,to =m an idea ( ! "p tak5 by ! devil 9 ! life ( a monk at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 "o mu/ read ! ,dialogus miraculorium ( ,caes> von ,hei/]ba*4 #i ,mat!w1 x4 #a4 #aj ,miracles occupy only t5 p>agraphs 7#fa-gj7 9 #a ,cel41 & ( ?is numb] !re are sev]al :i* c h>dly be c\nt$ z ,francis's miracles1 s9ce !y 7 p]=m$ by objects :i* _h belong$ to him4 #aa ,h]etics (t5 took advantage ( ?is ?ir/ = ! m>vell\s to dupe ! ca?olics4 ,! ,ca?>i ( ,monc\l made a portrait ( ! ,virg9 repres5t+ h] z "o ey$ & too?less1 say+ t 9 8 humility ,*ri/ _h *os5 a v ugly woman = "m4 ,!y _h no difficulty 9 heal+ sev]al cases ( disease by its means2 ! image became fam\s1 0 v5]at$ almo/ ev]y:]e1 & accompli%$ _m miracles until ! day :5 ! h]etics divulg$ ! deception1 to ! great sc&al ( ! fai?ful4 ,egb]t von ,s*o5au1 ,contra ,ca?>os4 ,s]m4 ,i4 cap4 #b4 7,patrol4 lat4 ,migne t4 #aie47 ,cf4 ,hei/]ba*1 loc4 cit41 v4 #ah4 ,luc de ,tuy1 ,de alt]a ,vita1 lib4 ii4 #i2 iii4 #i1 #ah 7,patrol4 ,migne41 #bjh74 #ab ,b ,god =bid t ,i %\ld glory save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,gal4 vi4 #ad4 ,?is is to ?is day ! motto ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 #ac ,spec41 #ahb;a2 #bjj;a2 #bcb;a4 ,cf4 #aii;a4 #ad #a ,cel41 #fg4 #ae ,secundum primam regulam fratres f]ia qu>ta et sexta et p] lic5tiam beati ,francisci f]ia secunda et sabbato jejunabant4 ,giord4 #aa4 cf4 ,reg4 #abba1 cap4 #c & ,reg4 #abbc1 cap4 #c1 :]e ,friday is ! only fa/ day reta9$4 #af #a ,cel41 #aj2 #bb2 #bg2 #ca2 #db2 #hj2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #a2 #c1 #fe-fh2 ,eccl41 #e2 #f2 ,giord41 #ba2 ,spec41 #aai;a2 ,con=m41 #adc;a1 #b4 #ag ,caveant fratres quod non o/5dant se tri/es extr9secus nubilosos et hypocritas2 s$ o/5dant se gaud5tis 9 ,dom9e1 hil>es et conv5i5tes gratiosos4 #ah ,eccl41 loc4 cit42 ,giord41 loc4 cit4 #ai ,vide ,te/42 #a ,cel41 #df2 #fb2 #ge2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abi2 ,spec41 #dd;a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,*apt]-,,g5]al ,,( #abaga ,aft] ,:itsunday ( #abag *ronological notes ( ,francis's life are num]\s en\gh to make error almo/ impossible4 ,unhappily1 ?is is n ! case = ! eighte5 mon?s :i* prec$e x 7autumn ( #abae-,:itsunday1 #abag74 ,= ?is p]iod we are r$uc$ to conjecture1 or little bett]4 ,z ,francis at t "t und]took no =eign mission1 he d\btless employ$ 8 "t 9 evangeliz+ ,c5tral ,italy & 9 consolidat+ ! f\ndations ( 8 in/itution4 ,8 pres5ce at ,rome dur+ ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil 7,novemb] #aa-cj1 #abae7 is possible1 b x has left no trace 9 ! e>lie/ biographies4 ,! ,c\ncil c]ta9ly took ! new ,ord] into consid]ation1#b b x 0 to r5ew ! invitation made to x five ye>s be=e by ! supreme pontiff1 to *oose "o ( ! ,rules already approv$ by ! ,*ur*4#c ,/4 ,dom9ic1 :o 0 !n at ,rome to beg = ! confirmation ( 8 in/itute1 receiv$ ! same c\nsel & imm$iately con=m$ to x4 ,! ,holy ,see w\ld will+ly h conc$$ special con/itutions to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 if !y _h adopt$ = a base ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict2 ?us ! ,cl>isses1 except ^? ( ,/4 ,damian1 :ile pres]v+ _! "n & a c]ta9 numb] ( _! cu/oms1 7 oblig$ to pr(ess ! ,b5$ict9e rule4 ,9 spite ( all solicitations1 ,francis insi/$ ^u reta9+ 8 own ,rule4 ,"o is l$ to believe t x 0 to conf] ^u ^! que/ions t we f9d him at ,p]ugia 9 ,july1 #abaf1 :5 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 di$4#d ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ab\t ?is epo* ! *apt]s took on a great importance4 ,! ,*ur*1 :i* _h look$ on at ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord] ) some:at mix$ feel+s1 c\ld no long] re/ cont5t ) be+ ! m]e spectator ( s pr(\nd a movem5t2 x saw ! ne$ ( utiliz+ x4 ,ugol9i 0 m>vell\sly well prep>$ = su* a task4 ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo1 ,bi%op ( ! ,sab9e1 *>g$ by ,innoc5t ,,iii4 to look aft] ! ,bro!rs1 di$ 9 #abaf1 & ,ugol9i 0 n sl[ to (f] 8 protection to ,francis1 :o accept$ x ) gratitude4 ,?is extraord9>y (f] is rec\nt$ at l5g? by ! ,?ree ,companions4#e ,x mu/ c]ta9ly be fix$ 9 ! summ] ( #abaff imm$iately aft] ! dea? ( ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo4 ,x is v possible t ! fir/ *apt] held 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is c>d9al took place on ,may #bi1 #abaf4 ,by an error v common 9 hi/ory1 mo/ ( ! ,franciscan writ]s h ref]r$ to a s+le date all ! scatt]$ incid5ts conc]n+ ! fir/ solemn assizes ( ! ,ord]1 & h call$ ?is typical assembly ! ,*apt] ( ! ,mats4 ,9 reality = long ye>s all ! ga!r+s ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or des]v$ ?is "n4#g ,com+ toge!r at ! season ( ! greate/ heat1 !y slept 9 ! op5 air or %elt]$ !mselves "u boo?s ( re$s4 ,we ne$ n pity !m4 ,!re is no?+ l ! glori\s transp>5cy ( ! summ] night 9 ,umbria2 sometimes 9 ,prov5ce "o may enjoy a =eta/e ( x1 b if at ,baux1 ^u ! rock ( ,doms1 or at ,/4 ,baume1 ! sight is equally solemn & gr&iose1 x /ill wants ! c>ess+ sweetness1 ! efflu5ce ( life :i* 9 ,umbria give ! night a bewit*+ *>m4 ,! inhabitants ( ! neighbor+ t[ns & villages flock$ to ^! meet+s 9 cr[ds1 at once to see ! c]emonies1 to be pres5t :5 _! relatives or fri5ds assum$ ! habit1 to li/5 to ! appeals ( ! ,sa9t & to furni% to ! fri>s ! provisions ( :i* !y might h ne$4 ,all ?is is n )\t "s analogy ) ! camp-meet+ s de> to ,am]icans4 ,z to ! figures ( sev]al ?\s&s ( att5dants giv5 9 ! leg5ds1 & furni%+ ev5 to a ,franciscan1 ,fa!r ,pap9i1 ! occasion = pleasantries ( d\btful ta/e1 x is p]haps n s surpris+ z might be suppos$4#h ,^! fir/ meet+s1 to :i* all ! ,bro!rs eag]ly ha/5$1 held 9 ! op5 air 9 ! pres5ce ( cr[ds come toge!r f di/ant places1 h !n no?+ 9 common ) ! subsequ5t *apt]s-g5]al1 :i* 7 v]itable conclaves att5d$ by a small numb] ( delegates1 & ! majority ( ! "w ( :i*1 done 9 secret1 0 conc]n$ only ) ! affairs ( ! ,ord]4 ,dur+ ,francis's lifetime ! purpose ( ^! assemblies 0 ess5tially religi\s4 ,m5 att5d$ !m n to talk bus9ess1 or proce$ to ! nom9ation ( ! m9i/]-g5]al1 b 9 mutual communion to ga9 new /r5g? f ! joys1 ! example1 & ! suff]+s ( ! o!r bre?r54#i ,! f\r ye>s :i* foll[$ ! ,:itsunday ( #abaf =m a /age 9 ! evolution ( ! ,umbrian movem5t2 t dur+ :i* ,francis 0 battl+ = autonomy4 ,we f9d "h pretty delicate %ades ( di/9ction1 :i* h be5 misund]/ood by ,*ur* writ]s z mu* z by _! adv]s>ies1 = if ,francis 0 p>ticul> n to put himself 9 ! attitude ( revolt1 he w\ld n compromise 8 indep5d5ce1 & he felt ) an exquisite div9ation t all ! privileges :i* ! c\rt ( ,rome c\ld heap ^u him 7 wor? no?+ 9 comp>ison ) lib]ty4 ,alas1 he 0 soon =c$ to resign himself to ^! gild$ bonds1 aga9/ :i* he nev] ceas$ to prote/1 ev5 to 8 la/ sigh2#aj b to %ut "o's eyes to ! moral viol5ce :i* ! papacy did him 9 ?is matt] is to condemn oneself to an entire misappreh5sion ( 8 "w4 ,a glance ov] ! collection ( bulls address$ to ! ,franciscans suffices to %[ ) :at ardor he /ruggl$ aga9/ favors s eag]ly s\ght by ! mona/ic ord]s4#aa ,a great numb] ( leg5d>y anecdotes put ,francis's disda9 ( privileges 9 ! cle>e/ light4 ,ev5 8 de>e/ fri5ds did n always und]/& 8 scruples4 ,d y n see1 !y said to him "o day1 t (t5 ! bi%ops d n p]mit u to prea*1 & make u rema9 sev]al days )\t do+ any?+ be=e we are p]mitt$ to proclaim ! ^w ( ,god8 ,x w\ld be bett] wor? :ile to obta9 = ?is end a privilege f ! pope1 & x w\ld be = ! good ( s\ls4 ,i w\ld fir/ conv]t ! prelates by humility & respect1 he repli$ quickly2 = :5 !y h se5 u humble & respectful t[>d !m1 !y !mselves w beg u to prea* & conv]t ! p4 ,z = me1 ,i ask ( ,god no privilege unless x be t ,i may h none1 to be full ( respect = all m51 & to conv]t !m1 z our ,rule orda9s1 m by our example ?an by our spee*4#ab ,! "q :e!r ,francis 0 "r or wrong 9 8 antipa?y to ! privileges ( ! curia does n come )9 ! doma9 ( hi/ory2 x is evid5t t ?is attitude c\ld n long cont9ue2 ! ,*ur* kn[s only ! fai?ful & rebels4 ,b ! noble/ he>ts (t5 make a /& at compromises ( ?is k9d2 !y desire t ! future %\ld gr[ out ( ! pa/ )\t convulsion & )\t a crisis4 ,! *apt] ( #abag 0 notable = ! def9itive organization ( ! ,franciscan missions4 ,italy & ! o!r c\ntries 7 divid$ (f into a c]ta9 numb] ( prov9ces1 hav+ ea* its prov9cial m9i/]4 ,imm$iately ^u 8 accession ,honorius ,,iii4 _h s\ght to revive ! popul> zeal = ! crusades4 ,he _h n /opp$ at prea*+ x1 b appeal$ to prophecies :i* _h proclaim$ t "u 8 pontificate ! ,holy ,l& w\ld be reconqu]$4#ac ,! r5ewal ( f]vor :i* ensu$1 & ( :i* ! reb\nd 0 felt z f> z ,g]many1 _h a pr(\nd influ5ce on ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,?is "t ,francis1 p]haps f humility1 did n put himself at ! head ( ! fri>s *>g$ ) a mission to ,syria2 = lead] he gave !m ! fam\s ,elias1 =m]ly at ,flor5ce1 :]e he _h _h opportunity to %[ 8 high qualities4#ad ,?is ,bro!r1 :o f ?is "t appe>s 9 ! =egr\nd ( ?is hi/ory1 came f ! mo/ humble ranks ( society2 ! date & ! circum/ances ( 8 entrance into ! ,ord] are unkn[n1 & h5ce conjecture has come to see 9 him t fri5d ( ! grotto :o _h be5 ,francis's confidant %ortly be=e 8 decisive conv]sion4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 9 8 y\? he _h e>n$ 8 liv+ 9 ,assisi1 mak+ mattresses & tea*+ a few *ildr5 to read2 !n he _h sp5t "s "t 9 ,bologna z scriptor2 !n sudd5ly we f9d him among ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 *>g$ ) ! mo/ difficult missions4 ,8 adv]s>ies vie ) "o ano!r 9 ass]t+ t he 0 ! f9e/ m9d ( 8 c5tury1 b unhappily x is v difficult1 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( ! docum5ts1 to pron\nce z to 8 actions2 le>n$ & en]getic1 eag] to play ! lead+ "p 9 ! "w ( ! re=mation ( religion1 & hav+ made 8 plan be=eh& z to ! prop] mode ( realiz+ x1 he made /raight = 8 goal1 half political1 half religi\s4 ,full ( admiration = ,francis & gratitude t[>d him1 he desir$ to regulate & consolidate ! movem5t = r5ovation4 ,9 ! inn] ,franciscan circle1 :]e ,leo1 ,g9epro1 ,egidio1 & _m o!rs repres5t ! _s ( lib]ty1 ! religion ( ! humble & ! simple1 ,elias repres5ts ! sci5tific & ecclesia/ical _s1 prud5ce & reason4 ,he _h great success 9 ,syria & receiv$ into ! ,ord] "o ( ! disciples mo/ de> to ,francis1 ,caes> ( ,spey]1 :o lat] on 0 to make ! conque/ ( all ,s\!rn ,g]many 9 less ?an two ye>s 7#abba-abbc71 & :o 9 ! end seal$ ) 8 blood 8 fidelity to ! /rict obs]vance1 :i* he def5d$ aga9/ ! attacks ( ,bro!r ,elias himself4#ae ,caes> ( ,spey] (f]s a brilliant example ( ^? suff]+ s\ls a?ir/ = ! ideal1 s num]\s 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :o ev]y:]e w5t up & d[n1 seek+ fir/ 9 le>n+1 !n 9 ! religi\s life1 t :i* %\ld assuage ! my/]i\s ?ir/ :i* tortur$ !m4 ,disciple ( ! s*ola/ic ,conrad1 he _h felt himself ov]p[]$ ) ! desire to re=m ! ,*ur*2 :ile /ill a layman he _h prea*$ 8 ideas1 n )\t "s success1 s9ce a c]ta9 numb] ( ladies ( ,spey] _h begun to lead a new life2 b _! husb&s disapprov+1 he 0 oblig$ to escape _! v5geance by tak+ refuge at ,p>is1 & !nce he w5t to ! ,ea/1 :]e 9 ! prea*+ ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or he f\nd aga9 8 hopes & 8 dreams4 ,?is in/ance %[s h[ g5]al 0 ! wait+ condition ( s\ls :5 ! ,franciscan gospel blaz$ =?1 & h[ its way _h be5 ev]y:]e prep>$4 ,b x is "t to return to ! *apt] ( #abag3 ! fri>s :o w5t to ,g]many "u conduct ( ,giovanni di ,p5na 7 f> f hav+ ! success ( ,elias & 8 companions2 !y 7 completely ignorant ( ! language ( ! c\ntry :i* !y _h und]tak5 to evangelize4 ,p]haps ,francis _h n tak5 into acc\nt ! fact t ?\gh ,italian might1 9 case ( ne$1 suffice 9 all ! c\ntries ba!d by ! ,m$it]ranean1 ?is c\ld n be ! case 9 ,c5tral ,europe4#af ,! lot ( ! p>ty go+ to ,hung>y 0 n m happy4 ,v (t5 x came to pass t ! mission>ies 7 fa9 to give up _! v g>m5ts 9 ! ef=t to appease ! peasants & %eph]ds :o maltreat$ !m4 ,b no less incapable ( und]/&+ :at 0 said to !m ?an ( mak+ !mselves und]/ood1 !y 7 soon oblig$ to ?9k ( return+ to ,italy4 ,we may ?ank ! ,franciscan au?ors = pres]v+ = u ! memory ( ^! *ecks1 & n attempt+ to picture ! fri>s z sudd5ly kn[+ all languages by a div9e inspiration1 z lat] on 0 s (t5 relat$4#ag ,^? :o _h be5 s5t to ,spa9 _h also to und]go p]secutions4 ,?is c\ntry1 l ! s\? ( ,france1 0 ravag$ by h]esy2 b already at t "t x 0 vigor\sly repress$4 ,! ,franciscans1 suspect$ ( be+ false ,ca?olics & !re=e eag]ly hunt$ out1 f\nd a refuge ) ,que5 ,urraca ( ,portugal1 :o p]mitt$ !m to e/abli% !mselves at ,coimbra1 ,guim>ra5s1 ,al5qu]o1 & ,lisbon4#ah ,francis himself made prep>ations = go+ to ,france4#ai ,?is c\ntry _h a peculi> *>m = him because ( 8 f]v5t love ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,p]haps also he 0 unwitt+ly drawn t[>d ?is c\ntry to :i* he ow$ 8 "n1 ! *ivalr\s dreams ( 8 y\?1 all ( poetry1 song1 music1 delici\s dream t _h come into 8 life4 ,some?+ ( ! emotion t ?rill$ ?r\gh him on und]tak+ ?is new mission has pass$ into ! /ory ( 8 biograph]s2 "o feels !re ! ?rill at once sweet & agoniz+1 ! he>t-?rob ( ! brave knight :o goes =? all h>ness$ 9 ! e>ly dawn to scan ! horizon1 dread+ ! unkn[n & yet ov]fl[+ ) joy1 = he kn[s t ! day w be consecrat$ to love & to ! "r4 ,! ,italian poet has giv5 ! "o "n ( pilgrimages ( love to ! f>+s =? ( *ivalry & ! j\rneys und]tak5 by dream]s1 arti/s1 or sa9ts to ^? p>ts ( ! e>? :i* =ev] mirror !mselves be=e _! imag9ation & rema9 _! *os5 fa!rl&4#bj ,su* a pilgrimage z ?is 0 ,francis und]tak+4 ,set =?1 said he to ! ,bro!rs :o accompani$ him1 & walk two & two1 humble & g5tle1 keep+ sil5ce until aft] ti]ce1 pray+ to ,god 9 y\r he>ts1 c>efully avoid+ e va9 or useless ^w4 ,m$itate z mu* :ile on ?is j\rney z if y 7 %ut up 9 a h]mitage or 9 y\r cell1 = :]ev] we are1 :]ev] we g1 we c>ry our cell ) u2 ,bro!r body is our cell1 & ! s\l is ! h]mit :o dwells 9 x1 !re to pray to ! ,"l & to m$itate4 ,arriv$ at ,flor5ce he f\nd !re ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 s5t by ! pope z legate to ,tuscany to prea* ! crusade & take all ne$ful measures = assur+ its success4#ba ,francis 0 surely f> f expect+ ! reception :i* ! prelate gave him4 ,in/ead ( enc\rag+ him1 ! c>d9al urg$ him to give up 8 project4 ,i am n will+1 my bro!r1 t y %\ld cross ! m\nta9s2 !re are _m prelates :o ask no?+ bett] ?an to /ir up difficulties = y ) ! c\rt ( ,rome4 ,b ,i & ! o!r c>d9als :o love y\r ,ord] desire to protect & aid y1 on ! condition1 h[ev]1 t y d n quit ?is prov9ce4 ,b1 monsignor1 x w\ld be a great disgrace = me to s5d my bre?r5 f> away :ile ,i rema9$ idly "h1 %>+ none ( ! tribulations :i* !y mu/ und]go4 ,:]e=e1 !n1 h y s5t y\r bre?r5 s f> away1 expos+ !m ?us to />vation & all sorts ( p]ils8 ,d y ?9k1 repli$ ,francis w>mly1 & z if mov$ by prophetic inspiration1 t ,god rais$ up ! ,bro!rs = ! sake ( ?is c\ntry alone8 ,v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 ,god has rais$ !m up = ! awak5+ & ! salvation ( all m51 & !y %all w9 s\ls n only 9 ! c\ntries ( ^? :o believe1 b also 9 ! v mid/ ( ! infidels4#bb ,! surprise & admiration :i* ^! words awoke 9 ,ugol9i 7 n en\gh to make him *ange 8 m9d4 ,he insi/$ s /rongly t ,francis turn$ back to ,portiuncula1 ! inspiration ( 8 "w n ev5 %ak54 ,:o kn[s :e!r ! joy :i* he w\ld h felt 9 see+ ,france did n confirm him 9 ! idea t he ought to r5\nce ?is plan8 ,s\ls a?ir/ ) ! long+ = sacrifice (t5 h scruples su* z ^!2 !y refuse ! mo/ lawful joys t !y may (f] !m to ,god4 ,we _c tell :e!r x 0 imm$iately aft] ?is int]view or n till ! foll[+ ye> t ,francis put ,bro!r ,pacifico at ! head ( ! mission>ies s5t into ,france4#bc ,pacifico1 :o 0 a poet ( tal5t1 _h be=e 8 conv]sion be5 surnam$ ,pr9ce ( ,poesy & cr[n$ at ! capital by ! emp]or4 ,"o day :ile visit+ a relative :o 0 a nun at ,san ,sev]9o 9 ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 ,francis also arriv$ at ! mona/]y1 & prea*$ ) su* a holy impetuosity t ! poet felt himself pi]c$ ) ! sword ( :i* ! ,bible speaks1 :i* p5etrates betwe5 ! v jo9ts & m>r[1 & disc]ns ! ?\ghts & int5ts ( ! he>t4#bd ,on ! morr[ he assum$ ! habit & receiv$ 8 symbolical surname4#be ,he 0 accompani$ to ,france by ,bro!r ,agnello di ,pisa1 :o 0 de/9$ to be put at ! head ( ! fir/ mission to ,engl& 9 #abbd4bf ,francis1 on s5d+ !m =?1 0 f> f dream+ t f ?is c\ntry1 :i* ex]t$ su* a fasc9ation ov] him1 0 to come =? ! influ5ce :i* 0 to compromise 8 dream--t ,p>is w\ld be ! de/ruction ( ,assisi2 & yet ! "t 0 n v f> di/ant2 a few ye>s m & ! ,pov]ello w\ld see a "p ( 8 spiritual family =gett+ ! humility ( _! "n1 _! orig91 & _! aspirations1 to run aft] ! ephem]al laurels ( le>n+4 ,we h already se5 t ! habit ( ! ,franciscans ( ?is "t 0 to make _! abode )9 easy rea* ( great cities2 ,pacifico & 8 companions e/abli%$ !mselves at ,/4 ,d5is4#bg ,we h no p>ticul>s ( _! "w2 x 0 s+ul>ly fruitful1 s9ce x p]mitt$ !m a few ye>s lat] to attack ,engl& ) full success4 ,francis pass$ ! foll[+ ye> 7#abah7 9 evangeliz+ t\rs 9 ,italy4 ,x is naturally impossible to foll[ him 9 ^! travels1 ! it9]>y ( :i* 0 fix$ by 8 daily inspirations1 or by indications z fanciful z ! "o :i* _h =m]ly det]m9$ 8 go+ to ,si5na4 ,bologna1#bh ! ,v]na1 ! valley ( ,rieti1 ! ,sacro-,speco ( ,/4 ,b5$ict at ,subiaco1#bi ,gaeta2#cj ,san ,mi*ele on ,m\nt ,g>gano#ca p]haps receiv$ him at ?is "t1 b ! notes ( 8 pres5ce 9 ^! places are too sp>se & vague to p]mit _! be+ includ$ 9 any s*eme ( hi/ory4 ,x is v possible t he also paid a visit to ,rome dur+ ?is "t2 8 communications ) ,ugol9i 7 mu* m frequ5t ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,we mu/ n p]mit ! /ories ( biograph]s to deceive u 9 ?is matt]2 x is a natural t5d5cy to ref] all t we "k ( a man to ?ree or f\r especially /rik+ dates4 ,we =get entire ye>s ( ! life ( ^? :om we h kn[n ! be/ & lov$ ! mo/ & gr\p our memories ( !m ar\nd a few sali5t ev5ts :i* %9e all ! m brilliantly ! deep] we make ! surr\nd+ obscurity4 ,! words ( ,jesus spok5 on a hundr$ diff]5t occasions came at la/ to be =m$ into a s+le disc\rse1 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x is 9 su* cases t criticism ne$s to be delicate1 to m+le a little div9ation ) ! heavy artill]y ( sci5tific argum5t4 ,! texts are sacr$1 b we mu/ n make feti*es ( !m2 not)/&+ ,/4 ,mat!w1 no "o to-day dreams ( repres5t+ ,jesus z utt]+ ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt all at "o "t4 ,9 ! same way1 9 ! n>ratives conc]n+ ! relations betwe5 ,/4 ,francis & ,ugol9i1 we f9d ourselves e mom5t %ut up 9 no-?or\ghf>es1 com+ up aga9/ contradictory indications1 j s long z we try to ref] ev]y?+ to two or ?ree meet+s1 z we are at fir/ l$ to d4 ,) a simple act ( analysis ^! difficulties disappe> & we f9d ea* ( ! diff]5t n>ratives br++ u fragm5ts :i*1 be+ piec$ toge!r1 furni% an organic /ory1 liv+1 psy*ologically true4 ,f ! mom5t at :i* we h n[ arriv$1 we mu/ make a mu* l>g] place = ,ugol9i ?an 9 ! pa/2 ! /ruggle has def9itively op5$ betwe5 ! ,franciscan ideal--*im]ical1 p]haps1 b sublime--& ! ecclesia/ical policy1 to g on until ! day :51 half 9 humility1 half 9 disc\ragem5t1 ,francis1 he>tsick1 abdicates ! direction ( 8 spiritual family4 ,ugol9i return$ to ,rome at ! end ( #abag4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ w9t] 8 c\nt]sign is f\nd at ! bottom ( ! mo/ important bulls2#cb he devot$ ?is "t to ! special /udy ( ! "q ( ! new ord]s1 & summon$ ,francis be=e him4 ,we h se5 ) :at frankness he _h decl>$ to him at ,flor5ce t _m ( ! prelates w\ld d any?+ to discr$it him ) ! pope4#cc ,x is evid5t ! success ( ! ,ord]1 its me?ods1 :i* 9 spite ( all prote/ations to ! contr>y seem$ to savor ( h]esy1 ! indep5d5ce ( ,francis1 :o _h scatt]$ 8 fri>s 9 all ! f\r corn]s ( ! globe )\t try+ to ga9 a confirmation ( ! v]bal & entirely provisional au?orization accord$ him by ,innoc5t ,,iii4--all ^! ?+s 7 calculat$ to />tle ! cl]gy4 ,ugol9i1 :o bett] ?an any "o else knew ,umbria1 ,tuscany1 ,emilia1 ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 all ^? regions :]e ! ,franciscan prea*+ _h be5 mo/ successful1 0 able by himself to judge ( ! p[] ( ! new movem5t & ! imp]i\s necessity ( direct+ x2 he felt t ! be/ way to allay ! prejudices :i* ! pope & ! sacr$ college might h aga9/ ,francis 0 to pres5t him be=e ! curia4 ,francis 0 at fir/ mu* aba%$ at ! ?\ght ( prea*+ be=e ! ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 b ^u ! entreaties ( 8 protector he cons5t$1 & = great] security he le>n$ by he>t :at he _h to say4 ,ugol9i himself 0 n entirely at ease z to ! result ( ?is /ep2 ,?omas ( ,celano pictures him z dev\r$ ) anxiety2 he 0 tr\bl$ ab\t ,francis1 ^: artless eloqu5ce ran _m a risk 9 ! halls ( ! ,lat]an ,palace2 he 0 also n )\t "s m p]sonal anxieties1 = ! failure ( 8 protege might be mo/ damag+ to himself4 ,he 0 9 all ! great] anxiety :51 on arriv+ at ! feet ( ! pontiff1 ,francis =got all he _h int5d$ to say2 b he frankly av[$ x1 & seek+ a new disc\rse f ! inspiration ( ! mom5t1 spoke ) s mu* w>m? & simplicity t ! assembly 0 won4#cd ,! biograph]s are mute z to ! practical result ( ?is audi5ce4 ,we are n to be surpris$ at ?is1 = !y write ) ! sole purpose ( edification4 ,!y wrote aft] ! apo!osis ( _! ma/]1 & w\ld ) v bad grace h dwelt ^u ! difficulties :i* he met dur+ ! e>ly ye>s4#ce ,! ,holy ,see mu/ h be5 greatly p]plex$ by ?is /range man1 ^: fai? & humility 7 evid5t1 b :om x 0 impossible to tea* ecclesia/ical ob$i5ce4 ,/4 ,dom9ic happ5$ to be 9 ,rome at ! same "t1#cf & 0 ov]:elm$ ) favors by ! pope4 ,x is a matt] ( hi/ory t ,innoc5t ,,iii4 hav+ ask$ him to *oose "o ( ! ,rules already approv$ by ! ,*ur*1 he _h return$ to 8 fri>s at ,notre ,dame de ,pr\ille1 & aft] conf]r+ ) !m _h adopt$ t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e2 ,honorius !re=e 0 n sp>+ ( privileges = him4 ,x is h>dly possible t ,ugol9i did n try to use ! influ5ce ( 8 example ) ,/4 ,francis4 ,! curia saw cle>ly t ,dom9ic1 ^: ,ord] b>ely compris$ a few doz5 memb]s1 0 n "o ( ! moral p[]s ( ! "t1 b its s5tim5ts t[>d him 7 by no means s mix$ z ^? x exp]i5c$ ) reg>d to ,francis4 ,to unite ! two ,ord]s1 to ?r[ ov] ! %\ld]s ( ! ,dom9icans ! br[n cassock ( ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,assisi1 & ?us make a little ( ! popul>ity ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or to be reflect$ ^u !m1 to leave to ! latt] _! "n1 _! habit1 & ev5 a semblance ( _! ,rule1 only complet+ x ) t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 su* a project w\ld h be5 s+ul>ly pleas+ to ,ugol9i1 & ) ,francis's humility w\ld seem to h "s *ance ( success4 ,"o day ,dom9ic by d9t ( pi\s insi/ance induc$ ,francis to give him 8 cord1 & imm$iately gird$ himself ) x4 ,bro!r1 said he1 ,i e>ne/ly long t y\r ,ord] & m9e might unite to =m "o sole & same in/itute#cg 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b ! ,bro!r ,m9or wi%$ to rema9 z he 01 & decl9$ ! proposition4 ,s truly 0 he inspir$ ) ! ne$s ( 8 "t & ( ! ,*ur* t less ?an ?ree ye>s aft] ?is ,dom9ic 0 drawn by an irresi/ible influ5ce to trans=m 8 ,ord] ( ,canons ( ,/4 ,augu/9e into an ord] ( m5dicant monks1 ^: con/itutions 7 outl9$ ^u ^? ( ! ,franciscans4#ch ,a few ye>s lat] ! ,dom9icans took1 s to speak1 _! rev5ge1 & oblig$ ! ,bro!rs ,m9or to give le>n+ a l>ge place 9 _! "w4 ,?us1 :ile h>dly come to y\?'s e/ate1 ! two religi\s families rivall$ "o ano!r1 impress$1 influ5c$ "o ano!r1 yet nev] s mu* s z to lose all traces ( _! orig9--summ$ up = ! "o 9 pov]ty & lay prea*+1 = ! o!r 9 le>n+ & ! prea*+ ( ! cl]gy4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! comm5cem5t ( ! great missions & ! in/itution ( prov9cial m9i/]s is usually fix$ ei!r at #abag or #abai1 b bo? ^! dates pres5t great difficulties4 ,i confess t ,i d n und]/& ! vehem5ce ) :i* p>tisans ( ei!r side def5d _! op9ions4 ,! mo/ important text is a passage 9 ! #c ,soc41 #fb3 ,expletis itaque undecim annis ab inceptione religionis1 et multiplicatis num]o et m]ito fratribus1 electi fu]ant m9i/ri1 et missi cum aliquot fratribus quasi p] univ]sas mundi prov9cias 9 quibus fides ca?olica colitur et s]vatur4 ,:at does ?is expression1 inceptio religionis1 mean8 ,at a fir/ read+ "o unhesitat+ly takes x to ref] to ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]1 :i* occurr$ 9 ,april1 #abji1 by ! reception ( ! fir/ ,bro!rs2 b on add+ elev5 full ye>s to ?is date we rea* ! summ] ( #abbj4 ,?is is manife/ly too late1 = ! #c ,soc4 say t ! bre?r5 :o w5t out 7 p]secut$ 9 mo/ ( ! c\ntries beyond ! m\nta9s1 z be+ accr$it$ by no pontifical lett]2 b ! bull ,cum dilecti1 be>s ! date ( ,june #aa1 #abai4 ,we are ?us l$ to ?9k t ! elev5 ye>s are n to be c\nt$ f ! reception ( ! fir/ ,bro!rs1 b f ,francis's conv]sion1 :i* ! au?ors might well speak ( z inceptio religionis1 & #abjf #aa #abag4 ,! use ( ?is expression to designate conv]sion is n entirely )\t example4 ,glassb]g] says 7,an4 fr41 p4 #i73 ,ord9em m9orum incepit anno #abjf4 ,^? :o admit #abai are oblig$ 7l ! ,boll&i/s1 = example71 to attribute an inaccuracy to ! text ( ! #c ,soc41 t ( hav+ c\nt$ elev5 ye>s z hav+ pass$ :5 !re _h be5 only t54 ,we %\ld notice t 9 ! two o!r *ronological indications giv5 by ! #c ,soc4 7#bg & #fb7 !y c\nt f ! conv]sion1 t is f #abjf1 z also ,?omas ( ,celano1 #hh1 #aje1 #aai1 #ig1 #hh1 #eg1 #ee1 #ba4 ,curi\sly1 ! ,con=mities reproduce ! passage ( ! #c ,soc4 7#aah;b1 #a71 b ) ! alt]ation3 ,nono anno ab inceptione religionis4 ,giordano di ,giano op5s ! door to _m scruples3 ,anno v]o ,dom9i #abai et anno conv]sionis ejus decimo frat] ,franciscus 444 misit fratres 9 ,franciam1 9 ,!utoniam1 9 ,hung>iam1 9 ,hespaniam1 ,giord41 #c4 ,z a little lat] ! same au?or prop]ly h>monizes #abai ) ! ?irte5? ye> f ,francis's conv]sion1 ev]yone is 9 agreem5t 9 admitt+ t ! passage cit$ ne$s correction2 we h un=tunately only "o manuscript ( ?is *ronicle4 ,glassb]g]1 :o d\btless _h ano!r be=e him1 sub/itutes #abag1 b he may h drawn ?is date f ano!r docum5t4 ,x is notewor?y t ,bro!r ,giordano gives z simultane\s ! dep>ture ( ! fri>s = ,g]many1 ,hung>y1 & ,france2 b1 z to ! latt] c\ntry1 x c]ta9ly took place 9 #abag4 ,s ! ,speculum1 #dd;a4 ,! *ronicle ( ! xxiv4 g5]als & ,m>k ( ,lisbon 7,diola's ed41 t4 i41 p4 #hb7 holds also to #abag1 s t1 ?\gh n def9itely e/abli%$1 x w\ld appe> t ?is date %\ld be accept$ until fur!r in=mation4 ,/>t+ f slightly diff]5t premises1 ! le>n$ editors ( ! ,analecta arrive at ! same conclusion 7t4 ii41 pp4 #be-cf74 ,cf4 ,ev]s1 ,analecta ad ,fr4 ,m9orum hi/oriam1 ,leipsic1 #ahhb1 #dto1 pp4 #g & #aa4 ,t :i* appe>s to me decid$ly to tip ! balance 9 favor ( #abag1 is ! fact t ! mission>y fri>s 7 p]secut$ because !y _h no docum5t ( legitimation2 & 9 #abai !y w\ld h _h ! bull ,cum dilecti1 f ,june #aa? ( t ye>4 ,! ,boll&i/s1 :o hold = #abai1 h s cle>ly se5 ?is argum5t t !y h be5 oblig$ to d5y ! au!nticity ( ! bull 7or at lea/ to suppose x wrongly dat$74 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hci4 #b ,vide ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjd4 ,cf4 ,angelo ,cl>5o1 ,tribul4 ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #eei4 ,a papa ,innoc5tis fuit omnibus annuntiatum 9 concilio g5]ali 444 sicut sanctus vir fr4 ,leo scribit et fr4 ,johannes de ,celano4 ,^! l9es h n p]haps ! significance :i* "o w\ld be l$ to give !m at ! fir/ glance1 _! au?or hav+ p]haps conf\nd$ consilium & consi/orium4 ,! ,speculum1 #bj;b says3 ,eam 7,regulam ,innoc5tius7 approvabit et concessit et po/ea 9 consi/orio omnibus annuntiavit4 #c ,ne nimia ,religionem div]sitas gravem 9 ,ecclesia ,dei confusionem inducat1 firmit] prohibemus1 ne quis de coet]o novam ,religionem inv5iat2 s$ quicumque volu]it ad ,religionem conv]ti1 unam de approbatis assumat4 ,labbe & ,coss>t3 ,sacrosancta concilia1 ,p>is1 #afgb1 t4 xi41 col4 #afe4 #d ,eccl41 #ae 7,an4 franc41 t4 #a1 p4 #bec73 ,innoc5tium 9 cujus obitu fuit pres5tialit] ,s4 ,franciscus4 #e #c ,soc41 #fa2 cf4 ,an4 ,p]us41 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjf;f4 #f ,?omas ( ,celano mu/ be 9 error :5 he decl>es t ,francis 0 n acqua9t$ ) ,c>d9al ,ugol9i be=e ! visit :i* he made him at ,flor5ce 7summ] ( #abag73 ,nondum alt] alt]i erat praecipua famili>itate conjunctus 7#a ,cel41 #gd & #ge74 ,! ,franciscan biograph]'s purpose 0 n hi/oric2 *ronological indications are giv5 9 pr(usion2 :at he seeks is ! apta junctura4 ,tradition has pres]v$ ! memory ( a *apt] held at ,portiuncula 9 pres5ce ( ,ugol9i dur+ a /ay ( ! curia at ,p]ugia 7,spec41 #acg;b42 ,fior41 #ah2 ,con=m41 #bjg;a2 #c ,soc41 #fa74 ,b ! curia did n come back to ,p]ugia betwe5 #abaf & ,francis's dea?4 ,x is also to be not$ t accord+ to ,angelo ,cl>5o1 ,ugol9i 0 ) ,francis 9 #abaj1 support+ him 9 ! pres5ce ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,vide bel[1 p4 #dac4 ,f9ally ! bull ,sacrosancta ( ,decemb] #i1 #abai1 witnesses t already dur+ 8 legation 9 ,flor5ce 7#abag7 ,ugol9i 0 actually int]e/+ himself = ! ,cl>isses4 #g ,see1 = example1 ! description ( ! *apt] ( #abba by ,bro!r ,giordano4 ,giord41 #af4 #h ,) reg>d to ! figure ( five ?\s& att5dants giv5 by ,bonav5tura 7,bon41 #ei7 ,fa!r ,pap9i writes3 ,io non cr$o /ato capace alcuno di d>e ad int5d]e al ,s4 ,dottore simil fanfaluca1 ne capace lui di cr$]la4 444 ,9 somma il num]o qu9que millia et ultra non e del ,santo1 incapace di scriv]e una cosa tanto improbabile e relativam5te impossibile4 ,/oria di ,s4 ,fr41 i41 pp4 #aha & #ahc4 ,?is figure1 five ?\s&1 is also indicat$ by ,eccl41 #f4 ,all ?is may be expla9$ & become possible by admitt+ ! pres5ce ( ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce1 & x seems v difficult to conte/ x1 s9ce 9 ! ,ord] ( ! ,humiliants1 :i* mu* resembles t ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 7equally compos$ ( ?ree bran*es approv$ by ?ree bulls giv5 ,june1 #abja71 ! *apt]s-g5]al annually held 7 frequ5t$ by ! bro!rs ( ! ?ree ,ord]s4 ,tirabos*i t4 ii41 p4 #add4 ,cf4 above1 p4 #aeh4 #i ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #aba2 ,spec41 #db;b2 #abg;b4 #aj ,praecipio firmit] p] ob$i5tiam fratribus univ]sis quod ubicunque sunt1 non audeant pet]e aliquam litt]am 9 ,curia ,romana4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,fr4 #aa ,a comp>ison ) ! ,bull>y ( ! ,prea*+ ,fri>s is especially in/ructive3 f _! fir/ *apt] at ,notre ,dame de ,pr\ille1 9 #abaf1 !y are ab\t fifte52 we f9d !re at ?is "t absolutely no?+ t c be comp>$ to ! ,franciscan movem5t1 :i* 0 already /irr+ up all ,italy4 ,b :ile ! fir/ bull 9 favor ( ! ,franciscans be>s ! date ( ,june #aa1 #abai1 & ! approbation prop]ly s call$ t ( ,novemb] #bi1 #abbc1 we f9d ,honorius already 9 ! end ( #abaf lavi%+ m>ks ( affection ^u ! ,dom9icans2 ,decemb] #bb1 #abaf1 ,religiosam vitam4 ,cf4 ,pressuti1 ,i rege/i1 del ,pontefice ,onorio ,,iii41 ,roma1 #ahhd1 t4 i41 no4 #age2 same date2 ,nos att5d5tes1 ibid41 no4 #agf2 ,janu>y #ba1 #abag1 grati>um omnium1 ib41 no4 #bdc4 ,vide #bhd1 #ajci1 #aaef1 #abjh4 ,x is ne$less to cont9ue ?is enum]ation4 ,v mu* ! same c\ld be done = ! o!r ,ord]s2 :5ce ! conclusion t if ! ,bro!rs ,m9or alone are =gott5 9 ?is %[] ( favors1 x is because !y decid$ly wi%$ to be4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t imm$iately ^u ,francis's dea? !y made up = lo/ "t4 #ab ,! au!nticity ( ?is passage is put beyond d\bt by ,ub]t9o di ,casal's citation4 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #ec4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #cj;a2 ,con=m41 #aaa;b1 #a2 #aah;b1 #a2 ,ub]t9o1 ,arbor vitae cruc41 iii41 #c4 #ac ,bur*>di *ronicon ann4 #abag1 loc4 cit41 p4 #cgg4 ,see also ! bulls indicat$ by ,pot?a/1 #eege1 #eehe-ib4 #ad ,be=e #abag ! (fice ( m9i/] virtually exi/$1 ?\gh its def9itive in/itution dates only f #abag4 ,bro!r ,b]n>do 9 8 mission to ,bologna1 = example 7#abab871 c]ta9ly held 9 "s sort ! (fice ( m9i/]4 #ae ,imprison$ by ord] ( ,elias1 he di$ 9 consequ5ce ( bl[s giv5 him "o day :5 he 0 tak+ ! air outside ( 8 prison4 ,tribul41 #bd;a4 #af ,giord41 #e & #f2 #c ,soc41 #fb4 #ag ,( ,giovanni di ,p>ma1 ,cl>5o1 ,an?ony ( ,padua1 etc4 #ah ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 i41 p4 #hb4 ,cf4 p4 #gi1 t4 ii41 p4 #hf1 ,glassb]g] ann41 #abag4 ,an4 fr41 ii41 pp4 #i ff42 ,*ron xxiv4 g541 ,,ms4 ( ,assisi1 no4 #cbh1 fo #b;b4 #ai ,spec41 #dd;a42 ,con=m41 #aai;a1 #b2 #ace;a2 #aha;b1 #a2 #a ,cel41 #gd & #ge4 #bj ,cel41 #c1 #abi4 ,diligebat ,franciam 444 volebat 9 ea mori4 #ba ,v4 bull ( ,janu>y #bc1 #abag1 ,tempus acceptabile1 ,pot?a/1 no4 #edcj1 giv5 9 ,horoy1 t4 ii41 col4 #bje ff42 cf4 ,pressuti1 i41 p4 #ga4 ,?is bull & ^? foll[+ fix )\t "q ! "t ( ! j\rney to ,flor5ce4 ,pot?a/1 #edhh1 #edhg1 & page #die4 #bb ,x is sup]flu\s to po9t out ! error ( ! ,boll&i/ text 9 ! phrase ,monuit 7,c>d9alis ,franciscum7 coeptum non p]fic]e it]1 :]e ! non is omitt$1 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #gjd4 ,cf41 p4 #fjg & #hce1 :i* has l$ ,suysk5 into sev]al o!r errors4 #bc ,bon41 #ea4 ,cf4 ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abag2 ,spec41 #de;b4 #bd ,heb41 iv41 #ab2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #di2 ,bon41 #ej & #ea4 #be ,bro!r ,pacifico int]e/s u ! ,fr5* p p>ticul>ly z ! fir/ m9i/] ( ! ,ord] 9 ,france2 in=mation ab\t him is abundant3 ,bon41 #gi2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fc2 ,spec41 #da;b43 ,con=m41 #ch;a1 #a2 #dc;a1 #a2 #ga;b2 #agc;b1 #a1 & #agf2 #b ,cel41 #h1 #bg2 ,spec41 #ch;b2 ,con=m41 #aha;b2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #gf2 ,fior41 #df2 ,con=m41 #gj;a4 ,i d n indicate ! g5]al ref]5ces f\nd 9 ,*evali]'s ,bibliography4 ,! ,miscellanea1 t4 ii4 7#ahhg71 p4 #aeh1 conta9s a mo/ precise & int]e/+ column ab\t him4 ,gregory ,,ix4 speaks ( him 9 ! bull ,magna sicut dicitur ( ,augu/ #ab1 #abbg4 ,sb>alea1 ,bull1 fr41 i41 p4 #cc 7,pot?a/1 #hjjg74 ,?omas ( ,tuscany1 socius ( ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 knew him & speaks ( him 9 8 ,ge/a ,imp]atorum 7,mon4 g]m4 hi/4 script41 t4 #bb1 p4 #dib74 #bf ,eccl41 #a2 ,con=m41 #aac;b1 #a4 #bg ,t[>d #abbd ! ,bro!rs ,m9or desir$ to draw ne>] & build a va/ conv5t ne> ! walls ( ,p>is 9 ! gr\nds call$ ,vauv]t1 or ,valv]t 7n[ ! ,luxemb\rg ,g>d571 7,eccl41 #aj2 cf4 ,top4 hi/4 du vieux ,p>is1 by ,b]ty & ,tiss]&1 t4 iv41 p4 #gj74 ,9 #abcj !y receiv$ at ,p>is f ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,sa9t-,g]ma9-des-,pres a c]ta9 numb] ( h\ses 9 p>oc*ia ,,ss4 ,cosmae et ,damiani infra muros dom9i regis prope portam de ,gib>do 7,*>tul>ium ,univ]sitatis ,p>isi5sis1 no4 #gf4 ,cf4 ,topographie hi/orique du vieux ,p>is2 ,region occid4 de l'univ41 p4 #ie2 ,felibi51 ,hi/oire de la ville de ,p>is1 i41 p4 #aae74 ,f9ally1 ,/4 ,l\is in/all$ !m 9 ! celebrat$ ,conv5t ( ! ,cordeli]s1 ! refectory ( :i* /ill exi/s1 trans=m$ into ! ,dupuytr5 ,museum4 ,! ,dom9icans1 :o arriv$ 9 ,p>is ,septemb] #ab1 #abag1 w5t /raight to ! c5tre ( ! city1 ne> ! bi%op's palace on ! ,ile de la ,cite1 & on ,augu/ #f1 #abah1 7 in/all$ 9 ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,jacques4 #bh ,fior41 #bg2 ,spec41 #adh;b2 ,con=m41 #ga;a & #aac;a1 #b2 ,bon41 #ahb4 #bi ,! traces ( ,francis's visit "h are num]\s4 ,a ,bro!r ,eudes pa9t$ 8 portrait "h4 #cj ,bon41 #agg4 #ca ,vide ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #hee & #hef4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #acf4 #cb ,among o!rs ^? ( ,decemb] #e1 #abag1 ,pot?a/1 #efbi2 ,febru>y #h1 ,m>* #cj1 ,april #g1 #abah1 ,pot?a/1 #efie1 #egci1 #egdg4 #cc #a ,cel41 #gd4 ,o quanti maxime 9 pr9cipio cum haec ag]5tur novellae plantationi ord9is insidiabantur ut p]d]5t4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #a1 #af4 ,videbat ,franciscus luporum m sevire quamplures4 #cd #a ,cel41 #gc 7cf4 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ag2 ,spec41 #ajb;a72 #c ,soc41 #fd2 ,bon41 #gh4 ,! fix+ ( ?is sc5e 9 ! w9t] ( #abag-abah seems h>dly to be debatable2 ,giordano's acc\nt 7#ad7 9 fact det]m9es ! date at :i* ,ugol9i became (ficially protector ( ! ,ord]2 x supposes e>li] relations betwe5 ,honorius1 ,francis1 & ,ugol9i4 ,we are !re=e l$ to seek a date at :i* ^! ?ree p]sonages may h met 9 ,rome1 & we arrive ?us at ! p]iod betwe5 ,decemb]1 #abag1 & ,april1 #abah4 #ce ,a ^w ( ,bro!r ,giordano's op5s ! door to c]ta9 conjectures4 ,my "l1 said ,francis to ,honorius ,,iii41 9 #abbj1 y h giv5 me _m fa!rs 7popes7 give me a s+le "o to :om ,i may turn ) ! affairs ( my ,ord]4 7,giord41 #ad1 ,multos mihi papas d$i/i da unum1 444 etc47 ,does n ?is sugge/ ! idea t ! pontiff _h p]haps nam$ a commission ( c>d9als to ov]see ! ,bro!rs ,m9or8 ,its delib]ations & ! ev5ts to be relat$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt] might h impell$ him to issue ! bull ,cum dilecti ( ,june #aa1 #abai1 :i* 0 n an approbation prop]ly s call$1 b a safe-conduct 9 favor ( ! ,franciscans4 #cf ,he took possession ( ,/4 ,sab9e on ,febru>y #bh1 #abah4 #cg #b ,cel41 #c1 #hg4 ,! lit]al mean+ ( ! phrase is some:at ambigu\s4 ,! text is3 ,vellem1 frat] ,francisce1 unam fi]i religionem tuam et meam et 9 ,ecclesia p>i =ma nos viv]e4 ,spec4 #bg;b4 ,! e*o ( ?is attempt is f\nd 9 ,?i]ry d',apolda1 ,vie de ,s4 ,dom9ique 7,a4 ,,ss41 ,augu/i1 t4 i41 p4 #egb d73 ,s4 ,dom9icus 9 oscula sancta ru5s et s9c]os amplexus1 dixit3 ,tu es socius meus1 tu curres p>it] mecum1 /emus simul1 nullus adv]s>ius praevalebit4 ,b]n>d ( ,besse says3 ,b4 ,dom9icus tanta ,b4 ,francisco devotione cohesit ut optatam ab eo cordam sub inf]iori tunica devotissimi c+]et1 cujus et suam ,religionem unam velle fi]i dic]et1 ipsumque pro sanctitate caet]is sequ5dem religiosis ass]]et4 ,tur9 ,,ms41 #ajb;b4 #ch ,at ! *apt] held at ,bologna at ,:itsunday1 #abbj4 ,! bull ,religiosam vitam 7,privilege ( ,notre ,dame de ,pr\ille7 ( ,m>* #cj1 #abah1 enum]ates ! possessions ( ! ,dom9icans4 ,ripolli1 ,bull4 ,pra$41 t4 i41 p4 #f4 ,horoy1 ,honorii op]a1 t4 ii41 col4 #fhd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,dom9ic ,,& ,,/4 ,,francis ,! ,egyptian ,mission4 ,summ] #abah-;,autumn #abbj ,art & poetry h done well 9 insep>ably associat+ ,/4 ,dom9ic & ,/4 ,francis2 ! glory ( ! fir/ is only a reflection ( t ( ! second1 & x is 9 plac+ !m side by side t we succe$ be/ 9 und]/&+ ! g5ius ( ! ,pov]ello4 ,if ,francis is ! man ( inspiration1 ,dom9ic is t ( ob$i5ce to ord]s2 "o may say t 8 life 0 pass$ on ! road to ,rome1 :i!r he cont9ually w5t to ask = in/ructions4 ,8 leg5d 0 !re=e v sl[ to be =m$1 al?\gh no?+ =bade x to blossom freely2 b nei!r ! zeal ( ,gregory ,,ix4 = 8 memory nor ! le>n+ ( 8 disciples 7 able to d = ! ,hamm] ( h]etics t :i* ! love ( ! p did = ! ,fa!r ( ! poor4 ,8 leg5d has ! two defects :i* s soon we>y ! read]s ( hagiographical writ+s1 :5 ! "q is ( ! sa9ts ^: wor%ip ! ,*ur* has comm&$4#a ,x is encumb]$ ) a spuri\s sup]naturalism1 & ) incid5ts borr[$ "r & left f e>li] leg5ds4 ,! ,italian p1 :o hail$ 9 ,francis ! angel ( all _! hopes1 & :o %[$ !mselves s gre$y = 8 relics1 did n s mu* z dream ( tak+ up ! corpse ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,ord] ( ,prea*+ ,fri>s1 & all[$ him to wait twelve ye>s = ! glories ( canonization4#b ,we h already se5 ! ef=ts ( ,c>d9al ,ugol9i to unite ! two ,ord]s1 & ! reasons he _h = ?is c\rse4 ,he w5t to ! ,:itsunday *apt]-g5]al :i* met at ,portiuncula 7,june #c1 #abah71 to :i* came also ,/4 ,dom9ic ) sev]al ( 8 disciples4 ,! c]emonial ( ^! solemnities appe>s to h be5 always ab\t ! same s9ce #abaf2 ! ,bro!rs ,m9or w5t 9 procession to meet ! c>d9al1 :o imm$iately dism\nt$ f 8 horse & lavi%$ expressions ( affection ^u !m4 ,an alt> 0 set up 9 ! op5 air1 at :i* he said mass1 ,francis p]=m+ ! functions ( deacon4#c ,x is easy to imag9e ! emotion :i* ov]came ^? pres5t :5 9 its beautiful sett+ ( ! ,umbrian l&scape bur/ =? t "p ( ! ,p5teco/al s]vice1 t mo/ excit+1 ! mo/ apocalyptic ( ! :ole ,ca?olic liturgy1 ! an!m ,alleluia1 ,alleluia1 ,emitte ,spiritum tuum et creabuntur1 et r5ovabis faciem t]rae4 ,alleluia1#d does n ?is include ! :ole ,franciscan dream8 ,b :at especially amaz$ ,dom9ic 0 ! abs5ce ( mat]ial c>es4 ,francis _h advis$ 8 bre?r5 n to disquiet !mselves 9 any respect ab\t food & dr9k2 he knew by exp]i5ce t !y might fe>lessly tru/ all t to ! love ( ! neighbor+ population4 ,?is want ( c>efulness _h greatly surpris$ ,dom9ic1 :o ?\ght x exagg]at$2 he 0 able to reassure himself1 :5 meal-"t arriv$1 by see+ ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict ha/5+ 9 cr[ds to br+ f> l>g] supplies ( provisions ?an 7 ne$$ = ! sev]al ?\s&s ( fri>s1 & hold+ x an honor to wait ^u !m4 ,! joy ( ! ,franciscans1 ! sympa?y ( ! populace ) !m1 ! pov]ty ( ! huts ( ,portiuncula1 all ?is impress$ him deeply2 s mu* 0 he mov$ by x t 9 a bur/ ( en?usiasm he ann\nc$ 8 resolution to embrace gospel pov]ty4#e ,ugol9i1 ?\gh also mov$1 ev5 to te>s1#f did n =get 8 =m] anxieties2 ! ,ord] 0 too num]\s n to include a gr\p ( malcont5ts2 a few fri>s :o be=e _! conv]sion _h /udi$ 9 ! univ]sities began to condemn ! extreme simplicity laid ^u !m z a duty4 ,to m5 no long] su/a9$ by en?usiasm ! %ort precepts ( ! ,rule appe>$ a *>t] all too insuffici5t = a va/ association2 !y turn$ ) envy t[>d ! monum5tal abbeys ( ! ,b5$ict9es1 ! regul> ,canons1 ! ,ci/]cians1 & t[>d ! anci5t mona/ic legislations4 ,!y _h no difficulty 9 p]ceiv+ 9 ,ugol9i a p[]ful ally1 nor 9 confid+ _! obs]vations to him4 ,! latt] deem$ ! propiti\s mom5t arriv$1 & 9 a private conv]sation ) ,francis made a few sugge/ions3 ,ought he n give to 8 disciples1 especially to ! educat$ among !m1 a great] %>e ( ! burd5s8 consult !m1 ga9 inspiration f _! views8 0 !re n room to pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( ! old] ord]s8 ,?\gh all ?is 0 said casually & ) ! greate/ possible tact1 ,francis felt himself w\nd$ to ! quick1 & )\t answ]+ he drew ! c>d9al to ! v mid/ ( ! *apt]4 ,my bro!rs1 said he ) fire1 ! ,"l has call$ me into ! ways ( simplicity & humility4 ,9 !m he has %[n me ! tru? = myself & = ^? :o desire to believe & foll[ me2 d n1 !n1 come speak+ to me ( ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 or ( any o!r1 b solely ( t :i* ,god 9 8 m]cy has se5 fit to %[ to me1 & ( :i* he has told me t he w\ld1 by its means1 make a new cov5ant ) ! _w1 & he does n w t we %\ld h any o!r4 ,b by y\r le>n+ & y\r wisdom ,god w br+ y to confusion4 ,= ,i am p]suad$ t ,god w *a/ise y2 :e!r y w or no y w be =c$ to come to rep5tance1 & no?+ w rema9 = y b confusion4#g ,?is w>m? 9 def5d+ & affirm+ 8 ideas pr(\ndly a/oni%$ ,ugol9i1 :o add$ n a ^w4 ,z to ,dom9ic1 :at he _h j se5 at ,portiuncula 0 to him a revelation4 ,he felt1 inde$1 t 8 zeal = ! ,*ur* c\ld n be great]1 b he also p]ceiv$ t he c\ld s]ve h] ) m success by c]ta9 *anges 9 8 weapons4 ,ugol9i no d\bt only enc\rag$ him 9 ?is view1 & ,dom9ic1 beset ) new anxieties1 set out a few mon?s lat] = ,spa94 ,! int5sity ( ! crisis ?r\gh :i* he pass$ has n be5 suffici5tly notic$2 ! religi\s writ]s rec\nt at l5g? 8 soj\rn 9 ! grotto ( ,segovia1 b !y see only ! ascetic practices1 ! pray]s1 ! g5uflexions1 & d n ?9k ( look+ = ! cause ( all ?is4 ,f ?is epo* x might be said t he 0 unceas+ly occupi$ 9 copy+ ,francis1 if ! ^w _h n a some:at displeas+ s5se4 ,arriv$ at ,segovia he foll[s ! example ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 f\nds a h]mitage 9 ! outskirts ( ! city1 hidd5 among ! rocks :i* ov]look ! t[n1 & !nce he desc5ds f "t to "t to prea* to ! p4 ,! trans=mation 9 8 mode ( life 0 s evid5t t sev]al ( 8 companions rebell$ & refus$ to foll[ him 9 ! new way4 ,popul> s5tim5t has at times its intuitions2 a leg5d grew up ar\nd ?is grotto ( ,segovia1 & x 0 said t ,/4 ,dom9ic !re receiv$ ! /igmata4 ,is !re n "h an unconsci\s ef=t to translate into an image )9 ! compreh5sion ( all1 t :i* actually took place 9 ?is cave ( ! ,si]ra da ,guad]rama8#h ,?us ,/4 ,dom9ic also arriv$ at ! pov]ty ( ! gospel1 b ! road by :i* he rea*$ x 0 diff]5t inde$ f t :i* ,/4 ,francis _h foll[$2 :ile ! latt] _h so>$ to x z on w+s1 _h se5 9 x ! f9al emancipation f all ! anxieties :i* debase ?is life1 ,/4 ,dom9ic consid]$ x only z a means2 x 0 = him "o m weapon 9 ! ars5al ( ! ho/ *>g$ ) ! def5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we mu/ n see 9 ?is a m]e vulg> calculation2 8 admiration = him :om he ?us imitat$ & foll[$ af> (f 0 s9c]e & pr(\nd1 b g5ius is n to be copi$4 ,?is sacr$ malady 0 n 82 he has transmitt$ to 8 sons a s\nd & robu/ blood1 ?anks to :i* !y h kn[n no?+ ( ^? p>oxysms ( hot fev]1 ^? l(ty flights1 ^? sudd5 returns :i* make ! /ory ( ! ,franciscans ! /ory ( ! mo/ tempe/-toss$ society :i* ! _w has ev] kn[n1 9 :i* glori\s *apt]s are m+l$ ) pages trivial & grotesque1 sometimes ev5 co>se4 ,at ! *apt] ( #abah ,francis _h o!r causes = sadness ?an ! murmurs ( a gr\p ( malcont5ts2 ! mission>ies s5t out ! ye> be=e to ,g]many & ,hung>y _h return$ completely disc\rag$4 ,! acc\nt ( ! suff]+s !y _h endur$ produc$ s great an effect t f t "t _m ( ! fri>s add$ to _! pray]s ! =mula3 ,"l pres]ve u f ! h]esy ( ! ,lomb>ds & ! f]ocity ( ! ,g]mans4#i ,?is expla9s h[ ,ugol9i at la/ succe$$ 9 conv9c+ ,francis ( 8 duty to take ! necess>y measures no long] to expose ! fri>s to be hunt$ d[n z h]etics4 ,x 0 decid$ t at ! end ( ! next *apt] ! mission>ies %\ld be arm$ ) a papal brief1 :i* %\ld s]ve !m z ecclesia/ical passport4 ,"h is ! translation ( ?is docum5t3 ,honorius1 bi%op1 s]vant ( ! s]vants ( ,god1 to ! ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 abbots1 deacons1 ar*deacons1 & o!r ecclesia/ical sup]iors1 salutation & ! apo/olic bless+4 ,our de> son1 bro!r ,francis1 & 8 companions ( ! life & ! ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 hav+ r5\nc$ ! vanities ( ?is _w to *oose a mode ( life :i* has m]it$ ! approval ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & to g out aft] ! example ( ! ,apo/les to ca/ 9 v>i\s regions ! se$ ( ! ^w ( ,god1 we pray & exhort y by ^! apo/olic lett]s to receive z good ca?olics ! fri>s ( ! above m5tion$ society1 be>]s ( ^! pres5ts1 w>n+ y to be favorable to !m & treat !m ) k9dness = ! honor ( ,god & out ( consid]ation = u4 ,giv5 7at ,rieti7 ?is ?ird day ( ! ides ( ,june 7,june #aa1 #abai71 9 ! ?ird ye> ( our pontificate4#aj ,x is evid5t t ?is bull 0 calculat$ to avoid awak5+ ,francis's susceptibilities4 ,to und]/& precisely 9 :at x diff]s f ! fir/ lett]s usually accr$it$ to new ,ord]s x is necess>y to comp>e x ) !m2 t :i* _h in/itut$ ! ,dom9icans _h be51 l ! o!rs1 a v]itable privilege2#aa "h !re is no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! assembly :i* 0 op5$ at ,:itsunday ( #abai 7,may #bf7 0 ( extreme importance4#ab ,x clos$ ! s]ies ( ^? primitive *apt]s 9 :i* ! inspiration & fancy ( ,francis 7 giv5 free c\rse4 ,^? :i* foll[$1 presid$ ov] by ! vic>s1 h nei!r ! same *e]fulness nor ! same *>m2 ! crude gl>e ( full day has driv5 away ! hues ( dawn & ! indescribable ardors ( nature at its awak5+4 ,! summ] ( #abai 0 ! epo* fix$ by ,honorius ,,iii4 = mak+ a new ef=t 9 ! ,ea/1 & direct+ ^u ,egypt all ! =ces ( ! ,crusad]s4#ac ,francis ?\ght ! mom5t arriv$ = realiz+ ! project :i* he _h n be5 able to execute 9 #abab4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ,ugol9i :o1 two ye>s be=e _h h9d]$ 8 go+ to ,france1 n[ left him 9 entire lib]ty to c>ry out ?is new exp$ition4#ad ,sev]al au?ors h deem$ t ,francis1 hav+ f\nd 9 him a true protector1 felt himself reassur$ z to ! future ( ! ,ord]2 he might inde$ h ?\ght ?us1 b ! hi/ory ( ! tr\bles :i* bur/ out imm$iately aft] 8 dep>ture1 ! a/\nd+ /ory ( ! k9d reception giv5 by ! c\rt ( ,rome to "s m$dl]s :o took ! opportunity ( 8 abs5ce to imp]il 8 ,ord]1 w\ld suffice to %[ h[ mu* ! ,*ur* 0 emb>rass$ by him1 & ) :at ardor %e long$ = ! trans=mation ( 8 "w4 ,we %all f9d lat] on ! detail$ acc\nt ( ^! facts4 ,x appe>s t a ,romagnol bro!r ,*ri/oph] 0 at ?is same *apt] nom9at$ prov9cial ( ,gascony2 he liv$ !re aft] ! cu/oms ( ! e>ly ,franciscans1 work+ ) 8 h&s1 liv+ 9 a n>r[ cell made ( ! b\ghs ( trees & pott]'s e>?4#ae ,egidio set out = ,tunis ) a few fri>s1 b a great disappo9tm5t await$ !m !re2 ! ,*ri/ians ( ?is c\ntry1 9 ! fe> ( be+ compromis$ by _! mission>y zeal1 hurri$ !m into a boat & con/ra9$ !m to recross ! sea4#af ,if ! date ( #abai = ^! two missions has little o!r basis ?an conjecture1 ! same is n ! case z to ! dep>ture ( ! fri>s :o w5t to ,spa9 & ,morocco4 ,! discov]y has rec5tly be5 made ( ! acc\nt ( _! la/ prea*+s & ( _! tragic dea?1 made by an eye-witness4#ag ,?is docum5t is all ! m preci\s because x confirms ! g5]al l9es ( ! mu* long] acc\nt giv5 by ,m>k ( ,lisbon4 ,x w\ld be out ( place to give a summ>y ( x "h1 because x b v indirectly conc]ns ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 b we mu/ note t ^! acta h beyond _! hi/oric value a truly rem>kable psy*ological--"o mu/ almo/ say pa?ological--significance2 nev] 0 ! mania = m>tyrdom bett] *>act]iz$ ?an 9 ^! long pages1 :]e we see ! fri>s =c+ ! ,mahometans to pursue !m & make !m w9 ! heav5ly palm4 ,! =be>ance :i* ,miramol9 z well z 8 fell[ religioni/s at fir/ %[ gives an idea ( ! civilization & ! good qualities ( ^! infidels1 all ! high] t v diff]5t s5tim5ts w\ld be natural 9 ! vanqui%$ ones ( ! pla9s ( ,tolosa4 ,x is impossible to call by ! "n ( s]mons ! collections ( rude apo/rophes :i* ! mission>ies address$ to ^? :om !y wi%$ to conv]t2 at ?is p>oxysm ! ?ir/ = m>tyrdom becomes ! madness ( suicide4 ,is ?is to say t fri>s ,b]n>d1 ,pietro1 ,adjutus1 ,accurso1 & ,o?o h no "r to ! admiration & wor%ip ) :i* !y h be5 surr\nd$8 ,:o w\ld d>e say s8 ,is n devotion always bl9d8 ,t a furr[ %\ld be fecund x mu/ h blood1 x mu/ h te>s1 su* te>s z ,/4 ,augu/9e has call$ ! blood ( ! s\l4 ,ah1 x is a great mi/ake to immolate oneself1 = ! blood ( a s+le man w n save ! _w nor ev5 a nation2 b x is a /ill great] mi/ake n to immolate oneself1 = !n "o lets o!rs be lo/1 & is oneself lo/ fir/ ( all4 ,i greet y1 !re=e1 ,m>tyrs ( ,morocco2 y d n regret y\r madness1 ,i am sure1 & if ev] "s righte\s p$ant gone a/ray 9 ! groves ( p>adise und]takes to demon/rate to y t x w\ld h be5 bett] wor? :ile to rema9 9 y\r own c\ntry1 & f\nd a wor?y family ( virtu\s labor]s1 ,i fancy t ,miramol91 !re become y\r be/ fri5d1 w take ! tr\ble to refute him4 ,y 7 mad1 b ,i envy su* madness1 = y felt t ! ess5tial ?+ 9 ?is _w is n to s]ve ?is ideal or t "o1 b ) all "o's s\l to s]ve ! ideal :i* "o has *os54 ,:51 a few mon?s aft]1 ! /ory ( _! glori\s end arriv$ at ,assisi1 ,francis disc]n$ a feel+ ( pride among 8 companions & reproa*$ !m 9 lively t]ms2 he :o w\ld s h envi$ ! lot ( ! m>tyrs felt himself humbl$ because ,god _h n judg$ him wor?y to %>e x4 ,z ! /ory 0 m+l$ ) "s words ( eulogy ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,ord]1 he =bade ! fur!r read+ ( x4#ah ,imm$iately aft] ! *apt] he _h himself und]tak5 a mission ( ! same k9d z he _h confid$ to ! ,bro!rs ( ,morocco1 b he _h proce$$ 9 x 9 an entirely diff]5t mann]3 8 0 n ! bl9d zeal :i* c\rts dea? 9 a sort ( fr5zy & =gets all ! re/2 p]haps he already felt t ! p]si/5t ef=t aft] ! bett]1 ! cont9ual immolation ( self = tru?1 is ! m>tyrdom ( ! /rong4 ,?is exp$ition1 :i* la/$ m ?an a ye>1 is m5tion$ by ! biograph]s 9 a few l9es4#ai ,happily we h a numb] ( o!r pap]s reg>d+ x2 b _! sil5ce suffices to prove ! s9c]ity ( ! primitive ,franciscan au?ors2 if !y _h want$ to amplify ! de$s ( _! subject1 :]e c\ld !y h f\nd an easi] opportunity or a m m>vell\s !me8 ,francis quitt$ ,portiuncula 9 ! middle ( ,june & w5t to ,ancona1 :5ce ! ,crusad]s 7 to set sail = ,egypt on ,/4 ,john's ,day 7,june #bd?74 ,_m fri>s jo9$ him--a fact :i* 0 n )\t its inconv5i5ces = a j\rney by sea1 :]e !y 7 oblig$ to dep5d ^u ! *>ity ( ! own]s ( ! boats1 or ( _! fell[-travell]s4 ,we c und]/& ,francis's emb>rassm5t on arriv+ at ,ancona & f9d+ himself oblig$ to leave beh9d a numb] ( ^? :o s e>ne/ly long$ to g ) him4 ,! ,con=mities relate "h an incid5t = :i* we might desire an e>li] au?ority1 b :i* is c]ta9ly v l ,francis2 he l$ all 8 fri5ds to ! port & expla9$ to !m 8 p]plexities4 ,! p ( ! boat1 he told !m1 refuse to take u all1 & ,i h n ! c\rage to make *oice among y2 y might ?9k t ,i d n love y all alike2 let u !n try to le>n ! w ( ,god4 ,& he call$ a *ild :o 0 play+ close by1 & ! little "o1 *>m$ to take ! "p ( ,provid5ce put ^u him1 po9t$ out ) 8 f+] ! elev5 fri>s :o 7 to set sail4#bj ,we d n "k :at it9]>y !y foll[$4 ,a s+le incid5t ( ! j\rney has come d[n to u3 t ( ! *a/isem5t inflict$ 9 ! isle ( ,cyprus on ,bro!r ,b>b>o1 :o _h be5 guilty ( ! fault :i* ! ma/] dete/$ above all o!rs--evil-speak+4 ,he 0 implacable ) reg>d to ! loos5ess ( language s cu/om>y among pi\s folk1 & :i* (t5 made a hell ( religi\s h\ses app>5tly ! mo/ peaceful4 ,! (f5ce ?is "t appe>$ to him ! m grave = hav+ be5 utt]$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a /rang]1 a knight ( t di/rict4 ,! latt] 0 /upefi$ on he>+ ,francis comm& ! guilty "o to eat a lump ( ass's dung :i* lay !re1 add+3 ,! m\? :i* has di/ill$ ! v5om ( hatr$ aga9/ my bro!r mu/ eat ?is excrem5t4 ,su* indignation1 no less ?an ! ob$i5ce ( ! unhappy (f5d]1 fill$ him ) admiration4#ba ,x is v probable1 z ,wadd+ has suppos$1 t ! mission>ies deb>k$ at ,/4 ,jean d',acre4 ,!y arriv$ !re ab\t ! middle ( ,july4#bb ,9 ! environs ( ?is city1 d\btless1 ,bro!r ,elias _h be5 e/abli%$ = "o or two ye>s4 ,francis !re told (f a few ( 8 companions1 :om he s5t to prea* 9 div]s directions1 & a few days aft]w>d he himself set out = ,egypt1 :]e all ! ef=ts ( ! ,crusad]s 7 conc5trat$ ^u ,damietta4 ,f ! fir/ he 0 he>t-brok5 ) ! moral condition ( ! ,*ri/ian army4 ,not)/&+ ! pres5ce ( num]\s prelates & ( ! apo/olic legate1 x 0 disorganiz$ = want ( discipl9e4 ,he 0 s affect$ by ?is t :5 !re 0 talk ( battle he felt x 8 duty to advise aga9/ x1 pr$ict+ t ! ,*ri/ians w\ld infallibly be beat54 ,no "o he$$ him1 & on ,augu/ #bi? ! ,crusad]s1 hav+ attack$ ! ,s>ac5s1 7 t]ribly r\t$4#bc ,8 pr$ictions won him a m>vell\s success4 ,x mu/ be own$ t ! gr\nd 0 bett] prep>$ ?an any o!r to receive ! new se$2 n surely t piety 0 alive !re1 b 9 ?is mass ( m5 come toge!r f e corn] ( ,europe1 ! tr\bl$1 ! se]s1 ! enlight5$ ones1 ^? :o ?ir/$ = righte\sness & tru?1 7 elb[$ by rascals1 adv5tur]s1 ^? :o 7 gre$y = gold & plund]1 capable ( mu* good or mu* evil1 ! sport ( fleet+ impulses1 loos$ f ! bonds ( ! family1 ( prop]ty1 ( ! habits :i* usually tw9e !mselves ab\t man's w1 & only by exception p]mit a complete *ange 9 8 mann] ( life2 ^? among !m :o 7 s9c]e & _h come !re ) g5]\s purposes 71 s to speak1 pr$e/9$ to ent] ! peaceful army ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,francis 0 to w9 9 ?is mission fell[-labor]s :o w\ld assure ! success ( 8 "w 9 ! c\ntries ( nor!rn ,europe4 ,jacques de ,vitry1 9 a lett] to fri5ds writt5 a few days lat]1 ?us describes ! impression produc$ on him by ,francis3 ,i ann\nce to y t ,ma/] ,reyni]1 ,prior ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 has ent]$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 an ,ord] :i* is multiply+ rapidly on all sides1 because x imitates ! primitive ,*ur* & foll[s ! life ( ! ,apo/les 9 ev]y?+4 ,! ma/] ( ^! ,bro!rs is nam$ ,bro!r ,francis2 he is s lovable t he is v5]at$ by ev]yone4 ,hav+ come into our army1 he has n be5 afraid1 9 8 zeal = ! fai?1 to g to t ( our enemies4 ,= days toge!r he ann\nc$ ! ^w ( ,god to ! ,s>ac5s1 b ) little success2 !n ! sultan1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 ask$ him 9 secret to entreat ,god to reveal to him1 by "s miracle1 :i* is ! be/ religion4 ,col91 ! ,engli%man1 our cl]k1 has ent]$ ! same ,ord]1 z also two o!rs ( our companions1 ,mi*ael & ,dom ,mat!w1 to :om ,i _h giv5 ! rector%ip ( ! ,sa9te ,*apelle4 ,cantor & ,h5ry h done ! same1 & /ill o!rs ^: names ,i h =gott54#bd ,! long & en?usia/ic *apt] :i* ! same au?or gives to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 9 8 great "w on ! ,occid5t is too diffuse to f9d a place "h4 ,x is a liv+ & accurate picture ( ! e>ly times ( ! ,ord]2 9 x ,francis's s]mon be=e ! sultan is aga9 relat$4 ,x 0 writt5 at a p]iod :5 ! fri>s _h /ill nei!r mona/]ies nor *ur*es1 & :5 ! *apt]s 7 held once or twice a ye>2 ?is gives u a date ant]ior to #abbc1 & probably ev5 be=e #abba4 ,we h "h1 !re=e1 a v]ification ( ! n>ratives ( ,?omas ( ,celano & ! ,?ree ,companions1 & !y f9d 9 x _! p]fect confirmation4 ,z to ! int]views betwe5 ,francis & ! sultan1 x is prud5t to keep to ! n>ratives ( ,jacques de ,vitry & ,william ( ,tyre4#be ,al?\gh ! latt] wrote at a comp>atively late date 7betwe5 #abge & #abie71 he foll[$ a truly hi/oric me?od1 & f\nd$ 8 "w on au!ntic docum5ts2 we see t he kn[s no m ?an ,jacques de ,vitry ( ! proposal said to h be5 made by ,francis to pass ?r\gh a fire if ! prie/s ( ,mahomet w\ld d z mu*1 int5d+ s to e/abli% ! sup]iority ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we "k h[ little su* an appeal to signs is *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,p]haps ! /ory1 :i* comes f ,bonav5tura1 is born ( a misconception4 ,! sultan1 l a new ,ph>aoh1 may h laid x ^u ! /range prea*] to prove 8 mission by miracles4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,francis & 8 companions 7 treat$ ) great consid]ation1 a fact ! m m]itori\s t ho/ilities 7 !n at _! height4 ,return$ to ! ,crusad+ camp1 !y rema9$ !re until aft] ! tak+ ( ,damietta 7,novemb] #e1 #abai74 ,?is "t ! ,*ri/ians 7 victori\s1 b p]haps ! he>t ( ! gospel man bl$ m = ?is victory ?an = ! defeat ( ,augu/ #bi?4 ,! %ock+ condition ( ! city1 :i* ! victors f\nd pil$ ) heaps ( dead bodies1 ! qu>rels ov] ! %>+ ( booty1 ! sale ( ! wret*$ creatures :o _h n succumb$ to ! pe/il5ce1#bf all ^! sc5es ( t]ror1 cruelty1 gre$1 caus$ him pr(\nd horror4 ,! human bea/ 0 let loose1 ! apo/le's voice c\ld no m make itself he>d 9 ! mid/ ( ! savage clamor ?an t ( a life-sav] ov] a rag+ ocean4 ,he set out = ,syria#bg & ! ,holy ,places4 ,h[ gladly w\ld we foll[ him 9 ?is pilgrimage1 accompany him 9 ?\ght ?r\gh ,judea & ,galilee1 to ,be?lehem1 to ,naz>e?1 to ,ge?semane6 ,:at 0 said to him by ! /able :]e ! ,son ( ,m>y 0 born1 ! work%op :]e he toil$1 ! olive-tree :]e he accept$ ! bitt] cup8 ,alas6 ! docum5ts "h sudd5ly fail u4 ,sett+ out f ,damietta v %ortly aft] ! siege 7,novemb] #e1 #abai7 he may easily h be5 at ,be?lehem by ,*ri/mas4 ,b we "k no?+1 absolutely no?+1 except t 8 soj\rn 0 m prolong$ ?an _h be5 expect$4 ,"s ( ! ,bro!rs :o 7 pres5t at ,portiuncula at ! *apt]-g5]al ( #abbj 7,:itsunday1 ,may #ag?7 _h "t en\gh to g to ,syria & /ill f9d ,francis !re2#bh !y c\ld h>dly h arriv$ mu* e>li] ?an ! end ( ,june4 ,:at _h he be5 do+ ^? eight mon?s8 ,:y _h he n gone home to preside at ! *apt]8 ,_h he be5 ill8#bi ,_h he be5 belat$ by "s mission8 ,our in=mation is too slight to p]mit u ev5 to v5ture ^u conjecture4 ,angelo ,cl>5o relates t ! ,sultan ( ,egypt1 t\*$ by 8 prea*+1 gave comm& t he & all 8 fri>s %\ld h free access to ! ,holy ,sepul*re )\t ! paym5t ( any tribute4#cj ,b>?olomew ( ,pisa on 8 "p says incid5tally t ,francis1 hav+ gone to prea* 9 ,antio* & its environs1 ! ,b5$ict9es ( ! ,abbey ( ! ,black ,m\nta91#ca eight miles f t city1 jo9$ ! ,ord] 9 a body1 & gave up all _! prop]ty to ! ,patri>*4 ,^! indications are meagre & isolat$ inde$1 & ! second is to be accept$ only ) res]ve4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h detail$ in=mation ( :at w5t on 9 ,italy dur+ ,francis's abs5ce4 ,bro!r ,giordano's *ronicle1 rec5tly discov]$ & publi%$1 ?r[s all ! light t c\ld be desir$ ^u a plot laid aga9/ ,francis by ! v p]sons :om he _h commission$ to take 8 place at ,portiuncula1 & ?is1 if n ) ! connivance ( ,rome & ! c>d9al protector1 at lea/ )\t _! opposition4 ,^! ev5ts _h inde$ be5 n>rat$ by ,angelo ,cl>5o1 b ! undisguis$ feel+ :i* brea!s ?r\gh all 8 writ+s & _! lack ( accuracy _h suffic$ ) c>eful critics to leave !m 9 d\bt4 ,h[ c\ld x be suppos$ t 9 ! v lifetime ( ,/4 ,francis ! vic>s :om he _h in/itut$ c\ld take advantage ( 8 abs5ce to ov]?r[ 8 "w8 ,h[ c\ld x be t ! pope1 :o dur+ ?is p]iod 0 soj\rn+ at ,rieti1 h[ t ,ugol9i1 :o 0 /ill ne>]1 did n impose sil5ce on ^! agitators8#cb ,n[ t all ! facts come anew to light1 n 9 an oratorical & impassion$ acc\nt1 b brief1 precise1 cutt+1 dat$1 ) e appe>ance ( notes tak5 day by day1 we mu/ p]=ce yield to evid5ce4 ,does ?is give u reason clamor\sly to condemn ,ugol9o & ! pope8 ,i d n ?9k s4 ,!y play$ a "p :i* is n to _! honor1 b _! int5tions 7 evid5tly excell5t4 ,if ! fam\s aphorism t ! end ju/ifies ! means is crim9al :]e "o exam9es 8 own conduct1 x becomes ! fir/ duty 9 judg+ t ( o!rs4 ,"h are ! facts3 ,on ,july #be?1 ab\t "o mon? aft] ,francis's dep>ture = ,syria1 ,ugol9i1 :o 0 at ,p]ugia1 laid ^u ! ,cl>isses ( ,monticelli 7,flor5ce71 ,si5na1 ,p]ugia1 & ,lucca t :i* 8 fri5d _h s ob/9ately refus$ = ! fri>s1 ! ,b5$ict9e ,rule4#cc ,at ! same "t1 ,/4 ,dom9ic1 return+ f ,spa9 full ( new ardor aft] 8 retreat 9 ! grotto ( ,segovia1 & fully decid$ to adopt = 8 ,ord] ! rule ( pov]ty1 0 /rongly enc\rag$ 9 ?is purpose & ov]:elm$ ) favors4#cd ,honorius ,,iii4 saw 9 him ! provid5tial man ( ! "t1 ! re=m] ( ! mona/ic ,ord]s2 he %[$ him unusual att5tions1 go+ s f>1 = example1 z to transf] to him a gr\p ( monks belong+ to o!r ,ord]s1 :om he appo9t$ to act z ,dom9ic's lieut5ants on ! prea*+ t\rs :i* he believ$ x to be 8 duty to und]take1 & to s]ve1 "u 8 direction1 an appr5tice%ip 9 popul> prea*+4#ce ,t ,ugol9i 0 ! inspiration ( all ?is1 ! bulls are "h to witness4 ,8 rul+ purpose at t "t 0 s cle>ly to direct ! two new ,ord]s t he *ose a domicile ) ?is end 9 view1 & we f9d him cont9ually ei!r at ,p]ugia--t is to say1 )9 ?ree leagues ( ,portiuncula--or at ,bologna1 ! /ronghold ( ! ,dom9icans4 ,x n[ becomes manife/ t j z ! frat]nity in/itut$ by ,francis 0 truly ! fruit ( 8 body1 fle% ( 8 fle%1 s does ! ,ord] ( ! ,prea*+ ,fri>s emanate f ! papacy1 & ,/4 ,dom9ic is only its putative fa!r4 ,?is "* is express$ 9 "o ^w by "o ( ! mo/ au?oritative ( contempor>y annali/s1 ,bur*>d ( ,ursp]g 7,cross #abbf74 ,! pope1 he says1 in/itut$ & confirm$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,prea*]s4#cf ,francis on 8 j\rney 9 ! ,ori5t _h tak5 = special companion a fri> :om we h n yet met1 ,pietro di ,catana or dei ,cattani4 ,0 he a native ( ! t[n ( ,catana8 ,!re is no precise indication ( x4 ,x appe>s m probable t he belong$ to ! noble family dei ,cattani1 already kn[n to ,francis1 & ( :i* ,orl&o1 ,c\nt ( ,*iusi 9 ,cas5t9o1 :o gave him ! ,v]na1 0 a memb]4 ,h[ev] t may be1 we mu/ n conf\nd him ) ! ,bro!r ,pietro :o assum$ ! habit 9 #abji1 at ! same "t ) ,b]n>do ( ,qu9tavallo1 & di$ %ortly aft]w>d4 ,tradition1 9 r$uc+ ^! two m5 to a s+le p]sonage1 0 influ5c$ n m]ely by ! simil>ity ( ! names1 b also by ! v natural desire to increase ! pre/ige ( "o :o 9 #abbj-abba 0 to play an important "p 9 ! direction ( ! ,ord]4#cg ,at ! "t ( 8 dep>ture = ! ,ea/ ,francis _h left two vic>s 9 8 place1 ! ,bro!rs ,matteo ( ,n>ni & ,gregorio ( ,naples4 ,! =m] 0 especially *>g$ to rema9 at ,portiuncula to admit po/ulants2#ch ,gregorio ( ,naples1 on ! o!r h&1 0 to pass ?r\gh ,italy to console ! ,bro!rs4#ci ,! two vic>s began at once to ov]turn ev]y?+4 ,x is inexplicable h[ m5 /ill "u ! influ5ce ( _! fir/ f]vor = a ,rule :i* 9 ! pl5itude ( _! lib]ty !y _h promis$ to obey c\ld h dream$ ( su* innovations if !y _h n be5 urg$ on & upheld by ^? 9 high places4 ,to alleviate ! v[ ( pov]ty & to multiply obs]vances 7 ! two po9ts t[>d :i* _! ef=ts 7 b5t4 ,9 appe>ance x 0 a trifl+ matt]1 9 reality x 0 mu*1 = x 0 ! fir/ movem5t ( ! old _s aga9/ ! new4 ,x 0 ! ef=t ( m5 :o unconsci\sly1 ,i am will+ to ?9k1 made religion an affair ( rite & obs]vance1 in/ead ( see+ 9 x1 l ,/4 ,francis1 ! conque/ ( ! lib]ty :i* makes u free 9 all ?+s1 & leads ea* s\l to obey t div9e & my/]i\s p[] :i* ! fl[]s ( ! fields adore1 :i* ! birds ( ! air bless1 :i* ! symphony ( ! />s praises1 & :i* ,jesus ( ,naz>e? call$ ,abba1 t is to say1 ,fa!r4 ,! fir/ ,rule 0 excessively simple 9 ! matt] ( fa/s4 ,! fri>s 7 to ab/a9 f meat on ,w$nesdays & ,fridays2 !y might add ,mondays & ,saturdays1 b only on ,francis's special au?orization4 ,! vic>s & _! adh]5ts complicat$ ?is rule 9 a surpris+ mann]4 ,at ! *apt]-g5]al held 9 ,francis's abs5ce 7,may #ag1 #abbj71 !y decid$1 fir/1 t 9 times ( fea/+ ! fri>s 7 n to provide meat1 b if x 7 (f]$ to !m spontane\sly !y 7 to eat x2 second1 t all %\ld fa/ on ,mondays z well z ,w$nesdays & ,fridays2 ?ird1 t on ,mondays & ,saturdays !y %\ld ab/a9 f milk products unless by *ance ! adh]5ts ( ! ,ord] br\ght "s to !m4#dj ,^! beg9n+s be> witness also to an ef=t to imitate ! anci5t ,ord]s1 n )\t ! vague hope t !y w\ld be sub/itut$ = !m4 ,bro!r ,giordano has pres]v$ to u only ?is decision ( ! *apt] ( #abbj1 b ! expressions ( :i* he makes use suffici5tly prove t x 0 f> f be+ ! only "o1 & t ! malcont5ts _h desir$1 z 9 ! *apt]s ( ,citeaux & ,monte ,cass9o1 to put =? v]itable con/itutions4 ,^! modifications ( ! ,rule did n pass1 h[ev]1 )\t ar\s+ ! indignation ( a "p ( ! *apt]2 a lay bro!r made himself _! eag] mess5g]1 & set out = ! ,ea/ to entreat ,francis to return )\t delay1 to take ! measures call$ = by ! circum/ances4 ,!re 7 also o!r causes ( disquiet4 ,bro!r ,philip1 a ,zealot ( ! ,cl>isses1 _h made ha/e to secure = !m f ,ugol9i ! privileges :i* _h already be5 "u consid]ation4#da ,a c]ta9 ,bro!r ,giovanni di ,conpello#db _h ga!r$ toge!r a great numb] ( lep]s ( bo? sexes1 & writt5 a ,rule1 int5d+ to =m ) !m a new ,ord]4 ,he _h aft]w>d pres5t$ himself be=e ! supreme pontiff ) a tra9 ( ^! un=tunates to obta9 8 approbation4 ,_m o!r di/ress+ symptoms1 ^u :i* ,bro!r ,giordano does n dwell1 _h manife/$ !mselves4 ,! report ( ,francis's dea? _h ev5 be5 spread abroad1 s t ! :ole ,ord] 0 di/urb$1 divid$1 & 9 ! greate/ p]il4 ,! d>k pres5tim5ts :i* ,francis seems to h _h 7 exce$$ by ! reality4#dc ,! mess5g] :o br\ght him ! sad news f\nd him 9 ,syria1 probably at ,/4 ,jean d',acre4 ,he at once emb>k$ ) ,elias1 ,pietro di ,catana1 ,caes> ( ,spey]1 & a few o!rs1 & return$ to ,italy 9 a vessel b\nd = ,v5ice1 :]e he might easily arrive t[>d ! end ( ,july4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,"o pro( ( ! obscurity 9 :i* ,dom9ic rema9$ s long z ,rome did n apo!osize him1 is t ,jacques de ,vitry1 :o consecrates a :ole *apt] ( 8 ,hi/oria ,occid5talis to ! ,prea*+ ,fri>s 7#bg1 p4 #ccc7 does n ev5 "n ! f\nd]4 ,?is is ! m significant s9ce a few pages f>!r on1 ! *apt] giv5 to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or is almo/ entirely fill$ ) ! p]son ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is sil5ce ab\t ,/4 ,dom9ic has be5 rem>k$ & tak5 up by ,mos*us1 :o f9ds no way to expla9 x4 ,vide ,vitam ,j4 de ,vitriaco1 at ! head ( ! ,d\ai edition ( #aeig4 #b ,francis1 :o di$ 9 #abbf1 is canoniz$ 9 #abbh2 ,an?ony ( ,padua1 #abca & #abcc2 ,elisabe? ( ,?ur+ia1 #abca & #abce2 ,dom9ic1 #abba & #abcd4 #c #c ,soc41 #fa4 #d ,%$ abroad1 ,"l1 ?y ,_s1 & all %all be creat$1 & ?\ %alt r5ew ! face ( ! e>?4 #e #b ,cel41 #c4 #hg2 ,spec41 #acb;b2 ,con=m41 #bjg;a1 #aab;a2 ,fior41 #ah4 ,! hi/orians ( ,/4 ,dom9ic h n receiv$ ^! details k9dly1 b an inconte/able po9t ga9$ f diplomatic docum5ts is t 9 #abah ,dom9ic1 at ,rome1 procur$ privileges 9 :i* ! prop]ties ( 8 ,ord] 7 indicat$1 & t 9 #abbj he l$ 8 fri>s to pr(ess pov]ty4 #f #b ,cel41 #c1 #i2 ,spec41 #ag;a4 #g ,spec41 #di;a2 ,tribul41 ,laur4 ,,ms41 #aa;a-#ab;b2 ,spec41 #ahc;a2 ,con=m41 #ace;b #a4 #h ,! pr9cipal s\rces are indicat$ 9 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,augu/i1 t4 i41 pp4 #dgj ff4 #i ,giord41 #ah2 #c ,soc41 #fb4 #aj ,sb>alea1 ,bull4 fr41 t4 i1 p4 #b2 ,pot?a/1 #fjha3 ,wadd+1 ann4 #abai1 ,no4 #bh1 indicates ! works :]e ! text may be f\nd4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hci4 #aa ,! title suffici5tly indicat$ ! cont5ts3 ,dom5ico priori ,s4 ,romani tolosani ejusque fratribus1 eos 9 protectionem recipit eorumque ,ord9em cum bonis et privilegiis confirmat4 ,religiosam vitam3 ,decemb] #bb1 #abaf2 ,pressuti1 t4 i41 #age1 text 9 ,horoy t4 ii41 col4 #ada-add4 #ab ,vide ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #fjh ff4 & #hch ff4 #ac ,vide ,bull ,multi div9ae ( ,augu/ #ac1 #abah4 ,horoy1 t4 iii41 col4 #ab2 ,pot?a/1 #ehia4 #ad ,! contradiction is s /rik+ t ! ,boll&i/s h made ( x ! pr9cipal argum5t = def5d+ ! error 9 _! manuscript 7#a ,cel41 #ge71 & insi/+ 9 ! face (1 & aga9/ ev]y?+ t ,francis _h tak5 t j\rney4 ,a4 ,,ss41 #fjg4 #ae ,he di$ at ,cahors1 ,octob] #ca1 #abgb4 ,8 leg5d is f\nd 9 ,,ms4 ,ricc>di1 #bgi1 fo4 #fi;a4 ,incipit vita f4 ,*ri/ophori quam compilavit fr4 ,b]n>dus de ,bessa cu/odiae ,caturc5sis3 ,quasi vas auri solidum4 ,cf4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 ii41 pp4 #ajf-aac1 t4 iii41 p4 #bab1 & ,glassb]g]1 ,an4 fr41 t4 ii41 p4 #ad4 #af ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 t4 iii41 p4 #bbd2 ,con=m41 #aah;b1 #a2 #ed;a2 ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 ii41 p4 #a--;,bro!r ,luke _h be5 s5t to ,con/ant9ople1 9 #abai1 at late/4 ,vide ,con/itutus ( ,decemb] #i1 #abbj4 ,sb>alea1 ,bull4 fr41 t4 i41 p4 #f2 ,pot?a/1 #fdca4 #ag ,we owe to ,m4 ,muell] 7,anfa5ge1 p4 #bjg7 ! honor ( ?is publication1 copi$ f a manuscript ( ! ,cottoniana4 #ah ,giord41 #h4 #ai #a ,cel41 #eg2 ,bon41 #acc-ach2 #aed & #aee2 #b ,cel41 #b1 #b2 ,con=m41 #aac;b1 #b2 #aad;a1 #b2 ,spec41 #ee;b2 ,fior41 #bd4 #bj ,con=m41 #aac;b1 #b2 cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #faa4 #ba #b ,cel41 #c1 #ib2 ,spec41 #cj;b4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aae4 ,con=m41 #adb;b1 #a4 ,?is incid5t may possibly h tak5 place on ! return4 #bb ,) ! facilities ( t p]iod ! voyage requir$ f tw5ty to ?irty days4 ,! di>ium ( a simil> passage may be f\nd 9 ,huill>d-,breholles1 ,hi/4 ,dipl41 t4 i41 #hih-ija4 ,cf4 ,ibid41 ,introd41 p4 cccxxxi4 #bc #b ,cel41 #bb2 ,bon #aed1 #aee2 cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fab4 #bd ,jacques de ,vitry speaks only incid5tally ( ,francis "h 9 ! mid/ ( salutations2 f ! critical po9t ( view ?is only enhances ! value ( 8 words4 ,see ! ,/udy ( ! ,s\rces1 p4 #dbh4 #be ,vide bel[1 ! ,/udy ( ! ,s\rces1 p4 #dcj4 #bf ,all ?is is relat$ at l5g? by ,jacques de ,vitry4 #bg ,cil hom qui com5ca l'ordre des ,fr]es ,m9eurs1 si ot nom fr]e ,francois 444 v9t en l'o/ de ,damiate1 e i fi/ m\lt de bi51 et demora tant que la ville fut prise4 ,il vit le mal et le pe*e qui com5ca a croi/re entre les g5s de l'o/1 si li desplot1 p> quoi il s'en p>ti1 e fu une piece en ,surie1 et puis s'en rala en son pais4 ,hi/ori5s des ,croisades1 ii4 ,l',e/ de ,eracles ,emp]eur1 liv4 xxxii41 *ap4 xv4 ,cf4 ,sanuto2 ,secreta fid4 cruc41 lib4 iii41 p4 xi41 cap4 #h1 9 ,bong>s4 #bh ,giord41 ,*ron41 #aa-ad4 #bi ,! episode ( ,bro!r ,leon>d's compla9ts1 relat$ bel[1 gives "s probability to ?is hypo!sis4 #cj ,tribul41 ,laur4 ,,ms41 #i;b4 ,cf4 #aj;b3 ,sepulcro ,dom9i visitato fe/9at ad ,*ri/ianorum t]ram4 #ca ,^u ?is mona/]y see a lett] ad famili>es ( ,jacques de ,vitry1 writt5 9 #abaf & publi%$ 9 #ahdg by ,b>on ,jules de ,/4 ,g5ois 9 t4 xiii4 ( ! ,memoires de l',academie royale des sci5ces et des beaux arts de ,bruxelles 7#ahdi74 ,con=m41 #ajf;b1 #b2 #aad;a1 #b2 ,spec41 #ahd4 #cb ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #fai-fbj1 #hdh1 #hea1 #fch4 #cc ,vide ,bull ,sacrosancta ( ,decemb] #i1 #abai4 ,cf4 ^? ( ,septemb] #ai1 #abbb2 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #c1 #aa ff42 ,pot?a/1 #fagi1 #fhgi;a1 b1 c4 #cd ,vide ,pot?a/1 #faee1 #fagg1 #fahd1 #faii1 #fbad1 #fbag1 #fbah1 #fbbj1 #fbdf4 ,see also ,*>tul>ium ,univ]sitatis ,p>41 t4 i41 #dhg4 #ce ,bull ,quia qui sem9ant ( ,may #ab1 #abbj4 ,ripalli1 ,bul4 ,pra$41 t4 i41 p4 #aj 7,pot?a/1 #fbdi74 #cf ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bc1 p4 #cgf4 ,?is passage is ( extreme importance because x sums up 9 a few l9es ! ecclesia/ical policy ( ,honorius ,,iii4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! p]ils ) :i* ! ,humiliati ?reat5$ ! ,*ur*1 ,bur*>d adds3 ,quae vol5s corrig]e dom9us papa ord9em ,pr$icatorum in/ituit et confirmavit4 ,n[ ^! ,humiliati 7 an approv$ ,ord]4 ,b ,bur*>d1 :ile class+ !m ) h]etics beside ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons1 expresses 9 a ^w ! s5tim5ts ( ! papacy t[>d !m2 x _h = !m an inv9cible repugnance1 & n wi%+ to /rike !m directly x s\ght a side issue4 ,simil> tactics 7 foll[$ ) reg>d to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 ) t ov]plus ( caution :i* ! prodigi\s success ( ! ,ord] inspir$4 ,x all became useless :5 9 #abba ,bro!r ,elias became ,francis's vic>1 & especially :51 aft] ! latt]'s dea?1 he _h all ! lib]ty necess>y = direct+ ! ,ord] accord+ to ! views ( ,ugol9i1 n[ become ,gregory ,,ix4 #cg #a ,cel41 #be2 cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eha4 ,pietro di ,catana _h ! title ( doctor ( laws1 ,giord41 #aa1 :i* entirely disagrees ) :at is relat$ ( ,bro!r ,pietro1 #c ,soc41 #bh & #bi4 ,cf4 ,bon41 #bh & #bi2 ,spec41 #e;b2 ,fior41 #b2 ,con=m41 #dg2 #eb;b1 #b2 ,petrus vir litt]atus erat et nobilis1 ,giord41 #ab4 #ch ,we "k no?+ m ( him except t aft] 8 dea? he _h ! gift ( miracles4 ,giord41 #aa2 ,con=m41 #fb;a1 #a4 #ci ,he 0 n an ord9>y man2 a rem>kable adm9i/rator & orator 7,eccl41 #f71 he 0 m9i/] 9 ,france be=e #abbd & aga9 9 #abdj1 ?anks to ! zeal ) :i* he _h adopt$ ! ideas ( ,bro!r ,elias4 ,he 0 nephew ( ,gregory ,,ix41 :i* ?r[s "s light ^u ! practices :i* h j be5 describ$4 ,aft] hav+ be5 swept away 9 ,elias's disgrace & condemn$ to prison = life1 he became 9 ! end ,bi%op ( ,bayeux4 ,i note = ^? :o take an int]e/ 9 ^? ?+s t manuscripts ( two ( 8 s]mons may be f\nd 9 ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,p>is4 ,! au?or ( !m be+ indicat$ simply z fr4 ,gr4 m941 x has only lately become kn[n ^: !y 74 ,^! s]mons 7 prea*$ 9 ,p>is on ,holy ,?ursday & ,saturday4 ,,ms4 new4 acq41 ,lat41 #cch fo #adh1 #aei4 #dj ,giord41 #aa4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #cd;b4 ,fior41 #d2 ,con=m41 #ahd;a1 #a4 #da ,giord41 #ab4 ,cf4 ,bull ,sacrosancta ( ,decemb] #i1 #abai4 #db ,giord41 #ab4 ,ought we1 p]haps1 to read di ,campello8 ,half way betwe5 ,foligno & ,spoleto !re is a place ( ?is "n4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! #c ,soc41 #ce1 indicate ! entrance into ! ,ord] ( a ,giovanni di ,capella :o 9 ! leg5d became ! ,franciscan ,judas4 ,inv5it abusum capelle et ab ipsa d5om9atus e/3 ab ord9e rec$5s factus leprosus laqueo ut ,judas se susp5dit4 ,con=m41 #ajd;a1 #a4 ,cf4 ,b]n>d de ,besse1 #if;a2 ,spec41 #b2 ,fior41 #a4 ,all ?is is mu* mix$ up4 ,p]haps we %\ld believe t ,giovanni di ,campello di$ %ortly aft]w>d1 & t lat] on1 :5 ! /ories ( ?is tr\bl$ "t 7 =gott51 "s +5i\s ,bro!r expla9$ ! note ( infamy atta*$ to 8 memory by a hypo!sis built ^u 8 "n itself4 #dc ,giord41 #ab1 #ac1 & #ad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,crisis ,,( ,,! ,,ord]#a ,autumn1 #abbj ,on 8 arrival 9 ,v5ice ,francis in=m$ himself yet m exactly conc]n+ all t _h happ5$1 & convok$ ! *apt]-g5]al at ,portiuncula = ,mi*aelmas 7,septemb] #bi1 #abbj74b ,8 fir/ c>e 0 d\btless to reassure 8 si/]-fri5d at ,/4 ,damian2 a %ort fragm5t ( a lett] :i* has be5 pres]v$ to u gives indication ( ! sad anxieties :i* fill$ 8 m9d3 ,i1 little ,bro!r ,francis1 desire to foll[ ! life & ! pov]ty ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 our mo/ high ,"l1 & ( 8 mo/ holy ,"m1 p]sev]+ !re9 until ! end2 & ,i beg y all & exhort y to p]sev]e always 9 ?is mo/ holy life & pov]ty1 & take good c>e nev] to dep>t f x ^u ! advice or tea*+s ( any "o :omsoev]4#c ,a long %\t ( joy s\nd$ up & d[n all ,italy :5 ! news ( 8 return 0 he>d4 ,_m zeal\s bre?r5 7 already despair+1 = p]secutions _h begun 9 _m prov9ces2 s :5 !y le>n$ t _! spiritual fa!r 0 alive & com+ aga9 to visit !m _! joy 0 unb\nd$4 ,f ,v5ice ,francis w5t to ,bologna4 ,! j\rney 0 m>k$ by an incid5t :i* once m %[s 8 acute & wise goodness4 ,worn out z mu* by emotion z by fatigue1 he "o day f\nd himself oblig$ to give up f9i%+ ! j\rney on foot4 ,m\nt$ ^u an ass1 he 0 go+ on 8 way1 foll[$ by ,bro!r ,leon>d ( ,assisi1 :5 a pass+ glance %[$ him :at 0 pass+ 9 8 companion's m9d4 ,my relatives1 ! fri> 0 ?9k+1 w\ld h be5 f> en\gh f associat+ ) ,b]n>done1 & yet "h am ,i1 oblig$ to foll[ 8 son on foot4 ,we may judge ( 8 a/oni%m5t :5 he he>d ,francis say+1 z he ha/ily dism\nt$ f 8 bea/3 ,"h1 take my place2 x is mo/ unseemly t ?\ %\ld/ foll[ me on foot1 :o art ( a noble & p[]ful l9eage4 ,! unhappy ,leon>d1 mu* confus$1 ?rew himself at ,francis's feet1 begg+ = p>don4#d ,sc>cely arriv$ at ,bologna1 ,francis 0 oblig$ to proce$ aga9/ ^? :o _h become backslid]s4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! ,ord] 0 int5d$ to possess no?+1 ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,! mona/]ies giv5 to ! fri>s did n become _! prop]ty2 s soon z ! proprietor %\ld desire to take !m back or anyone else %\ld wi% to take possession ( !m1 !y 7 to be giv5 up )\t ! lea/ resi/ance2 b on draw+ ne> to ,bologna he le>n$ t a h\se 0 be+ built1 :i* 0 already call$ ,! h\se ( ! ,bro!rs4 ,he comm&$ its imm$iate evacuation1 n ev5 except+ ! sick :o happ5$ to be !re4 ,! ,bro!rs !n resort$ to ,ugol9i1 :o 0 !n 9 t v city = ! consecration ( ,santa ,m>ia di ,rh5o4#e ,he expla9$ to ,francis at l5g? t ?is h\se did n belong to ! ,ord]2 he _h decl>$ himself its proprietor by public acts2 & he succe$$ 9 conv9c+ him4#f ,bolognese piety prep>$ = ,francis an en?usia/ic reception1 ! e*o ( :i* has come d[n ev5 to our times3 ,i 0 /udy+ at ,bologna1 ,i1 ,?omas ( ,spalato1 ar*deacon 9 ! ca!dral *ur* ( t city1 :5 9 ! ye> #abbj1 ! day ( ! ,assumption1 ,i saw ,/4 ,francis prea*+ on ! piazza ( ! ,less] ,palace1 be=e almo/ e man 9 ! city4 ,! !me ( 8 disc\rse 0 ! foll[+3 ,angels1 m51 ! demons4 ,he spoke on all ^! subjects ) s mu* wisdom & eloqu5ce t _m le>n$ m5 :o 7 !re 7 fill$ ) admiration at ! words ( s pla9 a man4 ,yet he _h n ! mann] ( a prea*]1 8 ways 7 r ^? ( conv]sation2 ! sub/ance ( 8 disc\rse bore especially ^u ! abolition ( enmities & ! necessity ( mak+ peaceful alliances4 ,8 app>el 0 poor1 8 p]son 9 no respect impos+1 8 face n at all h&some2 b ,god gave su* great efficacy to 8 words t he br\ght back to peace & h>mony _m nobles ^: savage fury _h n ev5 /opp$ %ort be=e ! %$d+ ( blood4 ,s great a devotion 0 felt = him t m5 & wom5 flock$ aft] him1 & he e/eem$ himself happy :o succe$$ 9 t\*+ ! hem ( 8 g>m5t4 ,0 x at ?is "t t ! celebrat$ ,accurso ! ,gloss>i/1#g *ief ( t fam\s dyna/y ( jurisconsults :o dur+ ! :ole ?irte5? c5tury %$ lu/re ^u ! ,univ]sity ( ,bologna1 welcom$ ! ,bro!rs ,m9or to 8 villa at ,ric>d9a1 ne> ! city8#h ,we d n "k4 ,x appe>s t ano!r pr(essor1 ,nicolas dei ,pepoli1 also ent]$ ! ,ord]4#i ,naturally ! pupils did n lag beh9d1 & a c]ta9 numb] ask$ to receive ! habit4 ,yet all ?is con/itut$ a dang]2 ?is city1 :i* 9 ,italy 0 z an alt> consecrat$ to ! sci5ce ( law1 0 de/9$ to ex]cise ^u ! evolution ( ! ,ord] ! same influ5ce z ,p>is2 ! ,bro!rs ,m9or c\ld no m hold alo( f x ?an !y c\ld keep alo( f ! ambi5t air4 ,?is "t ,francis rema9$ "h b a v %ort "t4 ,an anci5t tradition1 ( :i* 8 biograph]s h n pres]v$ any trace1 b :i* nev]!less appe>s to be entirely probable1 says t ,ugol9i took him to pass a mon? 9 ! ,camaldoli1 9 ! retreat =m]ly inhabit$ by ,/4 ,romuald 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,cas5t9o =e/1 "o ( ! noble/ 9 ,europe1 )9 a few h\rs' walk ( ! ,v]na1 ^: summit rises up gigantic1 ov]look+ ! :ole c\ntry4 ,we "k h[ mu* ,francis ne$$ repose4 ,!re is no d\bt t he also long$ = a p]iod ( m$itation 9 ord] to decide c>efully 9 advance ^u 8 l9e ( conduct1 9 ! mid/ ( ! d>k conjectures :i* _h call$ him home4 ,! desire to give him ! mu*-ne$$ re/ 0 only a subord9ate purpose ) ,ugol9i4 ,! mom5t = vigor\s action appe>$ to him to h come4 ,we c easily picture 8 responses to ,francis's compla9ts4 ,_h he n be5 s]i\sly advis$ to pr(it by ! c\nsels ( ! pa/1 by ! exp]i5ce ( ^? f\nd]s ( ,ord]s :o h be5 n only sa9ts b skilful lead]s ( m58 ,0 n ,ugol9i himself 8 be/ fri5d1 8 born def5d]1 & yet _h n ,francis =c$ him to lay aside ! influ5ce to :i* 8 love = ! fri>s1 8 position 9 ! ,*ur*1 & 8 great age gave him su* j title8 ,yes1 he _h be5 =c$ to leave ,francis to ne$lessly expose 8 disciples to all sorts ( dang]1 to s5d !m on missions z p]il\s z !y _h prov$ to be ineffectual1 & all = :at8 ,= ! mo/ trivial po9t ( honor1 because ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 7 det]m9$ n to enjoy ! smalle/ privileges4 ,!y 7 n h]etics1 b !y di/urb$ ! ,*ur* z mu* z ! h]etics did4 ,h[ _m times _h he n be5 rem9d$ t a great association1 9 ord] to exi/1 mu/ h precise & detail$ regulations8 ,x _h all be5 labor lo/6 ,( c\rse ,francis's humility 0 d\bt$ by no "o1 b :y n manife/ x1 n only 9 co/ume & mann] ( liv+1 b 9 all 8 acts8 ,he ?\ght himself obey+ ,god 9 def5d+ 8 own inspiration1 b does n ! ,*ur* speak 9 ! "n ( ,god8 ,are n ! words ( h] repres5tatives ! words ( ,jesus =ev] p]petuat$ on e>?8 ,he desir$ to be a man ( ! ,gospel1 an apo/olic man1 b 0 n ! be/ way ( becom+ su* to obey ! ,roman pontiff1 ! successor ( ,pet]8 ,) an excess ( condesc5sion !y _h let him g on 9 8 own way1 & ! result 0 ! sadde/ ( lessons4 ,b ! situation 0 n desp]ate1 !re 0 /ill "t to f9d a rem$y2 to d t he _h only to ?r[ himself at ! feet ( ! pope1 implor+ 8 bless+1 8 light1 & 8 c\nsel4 ,reproa*es su* z ^!1 m+l$ ) pr(essions ( love & admiration on ! "p ( ! prelate1 c\ld n b pr(\ndly di/urb a s5sitive he>t l t ( ,francis4 ,8 consci5ce bore him good witness1 b ) ! mode/y ( noble m9ds he 0 ready en\gh to ?9k t he might h made _m mi/akes4 ,p]haps ?is is ! place to ask :at 0 ! secret ( ! fri5d%ip ( ^! two m51 s little kn[n to "o ano!r on c]ta9 sides4 ,h[ c\ld x la/ )\t a %ad[ d[n to ! v dea? ( ,francis1 :5 we always f9d ,ugol9i ! v s\l ( ! gr\p :o are compromis+ ! ,franciscan ideal8 ,no answ] to ?is "q is possible4 ,! same problem pres5ts itself ) reg>d to ,bro!r ,elias1 & we are no bett] able to f9d a satisfactory answ]4 ,m5 ( lov+ he>ts seldom h a p]fectly cle> intellig5ce4 ,!y (t5 become fasc9at$ by m5 ! mo/ diff]5t f !mselves1 9 ^: brea/s !y feel none ( ^? fem99e weaknesses1 ^? /range dreams1 t almo/ sickly pity = creatures & ?+s1 t my/]i\s ?ir/ = pa9 :i* is at once _! own happ9ess & _! torm5t4 ,! soj\rn at ,camaldoli 0 prolong$ until ! middle ( ,septemb]1 & x end$ to ! c>d9al's satisfaction4 ,francis _h decid$ to g directly to ! pope1 !n at ,orvieto1 ) ! reque/ t ,ugol9i %\ld be giv5 him z (ficial protector intru/$ ) ! direction ( ! ,ord]4 ,a dream :i* he _h once _h recurr$ to 8 memory2 he _h se5 a little black h5 :i*1 9 spite ( h] ef=ts1 0 n able to spread h] w+s ov] h] :ole brood4 ,! poor h5 0 himself1 ! *ick5s 7 ! fri>s4 ,?is dream 0 a provid5tial indication comm&+ him to seek = !m a "m "u ^: w+s !y c\ld all f9d a place1 & :o c\ld def5d !m aga9/ ! birds ( prey4 ,at lea/ s he ?\ght4#aj ,he repair$ to ,orvieto )\t tak+ ,assisi 9 8 way1 s9ce if he w5t !re he w\ld be oblig$ to take "s measures aga9/ ! fom5tors ( di/urbance2 he n[ propos$ to ref] ev]y?+ directly to ! pope4 ,does 8 pr(\nd humility1 ) ! feel+ ( culpability :i* ,ugol9i _h awak5$ 9 him1 suffice to expla9 8 attitude ) reg>d to ! pope1 or mu/ we suppose t he _h a vague ?\ght ( abdicat+8 ,:o kn[s :e!r consci5ce 0 n already murmur+ a reproa*1 & %[+ him h[ trivial 7 all ! sophisms :i* _h be5 wov5 ar\nd him8 ,n d>+ to pres5t himself 9 ! ap>tm5ts ( s great a pr9ce1 he rema9$ outside be=e ! door1 pati5tly wait+ till ! pope %\ld come out4 ,:5 he appe>$ ,/4 ,francis made a rev]5ce & said3 ',fa!r ,pope1 may ,god give y peace4' ',may ,god bless y1 my son1' repli$ he4 ',my "l1' !n said ,/4 ,francis to him1 'y are great & (t5 absorb$ by great affairs2 poor fri>s _c come & talk ) y z (t5 z !y ne$ to d2 y h giv5 me _m popes2 give me a s+le "o to :om ,i may address myself :5 ne$ occurs1 & :o w li/5 9 y\r /ead1 & discuss my affairs & ^? ( ! ,ord]4' ',:om d y wi% ,i %\ld give y1 my son8' ',! ,bi%op ( ,o/ia4' ,& he gave him to him4#aa ,conf]5ces ) ,ugol9i n[ began aga92 he imm$iately accord$ ,francis "s am5ds2 ! privilege grant$ ! ,cl>isses 0 revok$2 ,giovanni di ,conpello 0 in=m$ t he _h no?+ to hope f ! curia1 & la/ ( all leave 0 giv5 to ,francis himself to compose ! ,rule ( 8 ,ord]4 ,naturally he 0 n sp>$ c\nsel on ! subject1 b !re 0 "o po9t ^u :i* ! curia c\ld n brook delay1 & ( :i* x exact$ ! imm$iate application--! obligation ( a ye>'s novitiate = ! po/ulants4 ,at ! same "t a bull 0 issu$ n m]ely = ! sake ( publi%+ ?is ord9ance1 b especially to m>k 9 a solemn mann] ! comm5cem5t ( a new era 9 ! relations ( ! ,*ur* & ! ,franciscans4 ,! frat]nity ( ! ,umbrian ,p5it5ts became an ,ord] 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,honorius1 bi%op1 s]vant ( ! s]vants ( ,god1 to ,bro!r ,francis & ! o!r priors or cu/odes ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 greet+ & ! apo/olic b5$iction4 ,9 ne>ly all religi\s ,ord]s x has be5 wisely orda9$ t ^? :o pres5t !mselves ) ! purpose ( obs]v+ ! regul> life %all make trial ( x = a c]ta9 "t1 dur+ :i* !y also %all be te/$1 9 ord] to leave nei!r place nor pretext = inconsid]ate /eps4 ,= ^! reasons we comm& y by ^! pres5ts to admit no "o to make pr(ession until aft] "o ye> ( novitiate2 we =bid t aft] pr(ession any bro!r %all leave ! ,ord]1 & t any "o %all take back aga9 him :o has gone out f x4 ,we also =bid t ^? we>+ y\r habit %all circulate "h & !re )\t ob$i5ce1 le/ ! purity ( y\r pov]ty be corrupt$4 ,if any fri>s h _h ?is audacity1 y w inflict ^u !m ecclesia/ical c5sures until rep5tance4#ab ,x is surely only by a v decid$ euphemism t su* a bull c be consid]$ 9 ! light ( a privilege4 ,x 0 9 reality ! lay+ ( ! /rong h& ( ! papacy ^u ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,f ?is "t1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s x became impossible = ,francis to rema9 m9i/]-g5]al4 ,he felt x himself4 ,he>t-brok51 s\l-sick1 he w\ld fa91 9 spite ( all1 h f\nd 9 ! en]gy ( 8 love ^? words1 ^? glances :i* up to ?is "t _h tak5 ! place ( rule or con/itution1 giv+ to 8 e>lie/ companions ! intuition ( :at !y ought to d & ! /r5g? to accompli% x2 b an adm9i/rator 0 ne$$ at ! head ( ?is family :i* he sudd5ly f\nd to be s diff]5t f :at x _h be5 a few ye>s be=e1 & he sadly ackn[l$g$ t he himself 0 n 9 ! slighte/ degree su* a p]son4#ac ,ah1 9 8 own consci5ce he well knew t ! old ideal 0 ! true1 ! "r "o2 b he drove away su* ?\ghts z ! temptations ( pride4 ,! rec5t ev5ts _h n tak5 place )\t 9 "s degree weak5+ 8 moral p]sonality2 f be+ cont9ually talk$ to ab\t ob$i5ce1 submission1 humility1 a c]ta9 obscurity _h come ov] ?is lum9\s s\l2 inspiration no long] came to x ) ! c]ta9ty ( o!r days2 ! prophet _h begun to wav]1 almo/ to d\bt ( himself & ( 8 mission4 ,anxi\sly he se>*$ himself to see if 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 "w !re _h n be5 "s va9 self-complac5cy4 ,he pictur$ to himself be=eh& ! *apt] :i* he 0 ab\t to op51 ! attack1 ! criticisms ( :i* x w\ld be ! object1 & labor$ to conv9ce himself t if he did n endure !m ) joy he 0 n a true ,bro!r ,m9or4#ad ,! noble/ virtues are subject to scruples1 t ( p]fect humility m ?an any o!r1 & ?us x is t excell5t m5 religi\sly betray _! own convictions to avoid ass]t+ !mselves4 ,he resolv$ !n to put ! direction ( ! ,ord] into ! h&s ( ,pietro di ,catana4 ,x is evid5t t !re 0 no?+ spontane\s 9 ?is decision1 & ! fact t ?is bro!r 0 a doctor ( laws & belong$ to ! nobility squ>ely argues ! trans=mation ( ! ,franciscan in/itute4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r or n ,ugol9i 0 pres5t at ! *apt] ( ,septemb] #bi1 #abbj1 b if he 0 n !re 9 p]son he 0 assur$ly repres5t$ by "s prelate1 *>g$ to wat* ov] ! debates4#ae ,! bull :i* _h be5 issu$ a week be=e 0 communicat$ to ! fri>s1 to :om ,francis also ann\nc$ t he 0 ab\t to elaborate a new ,rule4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is matt] !re 7 conf]5ces 9 :i* ! m9i/]s alone appe> to h _h a delib]ative voice4 ,at ^! conf]5ces ! ess5tial po9ts ( ! new ,rule 7 settl$ z to pr9ciple1 leav+ to ,francis ! c>e ( giv+ !m prop] =m at 8 leisure4 ,no?+ bett] reveals ! demoraliz$ /ate into :i* he _h fall5 ?an ! decision :i* 0 tak5 to drop out "o ( ! ess5tial passages ( ! old ,rule1 "o ( 8 ?ree fundam5tal precepts1 t :i* began ) ^! words1 ,c>ry no?+ ) y4#af ,h[ did !y g to "w to obta9 f ,francis ?is concession :i*1 a little :ile be=e1 he w\ld h look$ ^u z a d5ial ( 8 call1 a refusal to accept 9 its integrity ! message :i* ,jesus _h address$ to him8 ,x is ! secret ( hi/ory1 b we may suppose !re 0 9 8 life at ?is "t "o ( ^? moral tempe/s :i* ov]be> ! faculties ( ! /ronge/1 leav+ 9 _! w\nd$ he>ts only an unutt]able pa94 ,some?+ ( ?is pa9 has pass$ into ! t\*+ n>rative ( 8 abdication :i* ! biograph]s h giv5 u4 ,f h5ce=?1 he said to ! fri>s1 ,i am dead = y1 b "h is ,bro!r ,pietro di ,catana1 :om y & ,i w all obey4 ,& pro/rat+ himself be=e him he promis$ him ob$i5ce & submission4 ,! fri>s c\ld n re/ra9 _! te>s & lam5tations :5 !y saw !mselves ?us becom+ 9 "s sort orphans1 b ,francis arose1 &1 clasp+ 8 h&s1 ) eyes uprais$ to heav53 ,"l1 he said1 ,i return to !e ?is family :i* ?\ ha/ confid$ to me4 ,n[1 z ?\ kn[e/1 mo/ sweet ,jesus1 ,i h no long] /r5g? nor ability to keep on c>+ = !m2 ,i confide !m1 !re=e1 to ! m9i/]s4 ,may !y be responsible be=e !e at ! day ( judgm5t if any bro!r1 by _! neglig5ce or bad example1 or by a too sev]e discipl9e1 %\ld ev] w&] away4#ag ,! functions ( ,pietro di ,catana 7 de/9$ to cont9ue b a v %ort "t2 he di$ on ,m>* #aj1 #abba4ah ,in=mation ab\nds z to ?is p]iod ( a few mon?s2 no?+ is m natural1 s9ce ,francis rema9$ at ,portiuncula to complete ! task confid$ to him1 liv+ !re surr\nd$ ) bre?r5 :o lat] on w\ld recall to m9d all ! incid5ts ( :i* !y 7 witnesses4 ,"s ( !m reveal ! conflict ( :i* 8 s\l 0 ! ar5a4 ,desir\s ( %[+ himself submissive1 he nev]!less f\nd himself torm5t$ by ! desire to %ake (f 8 *a9s & fly away z 9 =m] days1 to live & brea! 9 ,god alone4 ,! foll[+ artless record des]ves1 x seems to me1 to be bett] kn[n4#ai ,"o day a novice :o c\ld read ! psalt]1 ?\gh n )\t difficulty1 obta9$ f ! m9i/] g5]al--t is to say1 f ! vic> ( ,/4 ,francis--p]mission to h "o4 ,b z he _h le>n$ t ,/4 ,francis desir$ ! bre?r5 to be covet\s nei!r = le>n+ nor = books1 he w\ld n take 8 psalt] )\t 8 cons5t4 ,s1 ,/4 ,francis hav+ come to ! mona/]y :]e ! novice 01 ,fa!r1 said he1 x w\ld be a great consolation to h a psalt]2 b ?\gh ! m9i/]-g5]al has au?oriz$ me to get x1 ,i w\ld n h x unkn[n to y4 ,look at ! ,emp]or ,*>les1 repli$ ,/4 ,francis ) fire1 ,rol&1 & ,oliv] & all ! palad9s1 valor\s h]oes & gallant knights1 :o ga9$ _! fam\s victories 9 fight+ infidels1 9 toil+ & labor+ ev5 unto dea?6 ,! holy m>tyrs1 !y also h *os5 to die 9 ! mid/ ( battle = ! fai? ( ,*ri/6 ,b n[ !re are _m ( ^? :o aspire to m]it honor & glory simply by relat+ _! feats4 ,yes1 among u also !re are _m :o expect to receive glory & honor by recit+ & prea*+ ! works ( ! sa9ts1 z if !y _h done !m !mselves6 444 ,a few days aft]1 ,/4 ,francis 0 sitt+ be=e ! fire1 & ! novice drew ne> to speak to him anew ab\t 8 psalt]4 ,:5 y h y\r psalt]1 said ,francis to him1 y w want a brevi>y1 & :5 y h a brevi>y y w seat y\rself 9 a pulpit l a great prelate & w beckon to y\r companion1 ',br+ me my brevi>y6' ,/4 ,francis said ?is ) great vivacity1 !n tak+ up "s a%es he scatt]$ !m ov] ! head ( ! novice1 repeat+1 ,!re is ! brevi>y1 !re is ! brevi>y6 ,sev]al days aft]1 ,/4 ,francis be+ at ,portiuncula & walk+ up & d[n on ! roadside n f> f 8 cell1 ! same ,bro!r came aga9 to speak to him ab\t 8 psalt]4 ,v well1 g on1 said ,francis to him1 y h only to d :at y\r m9i/] tells y4 ,at ^! words ! novice w5t away1 b ,francis began to reflect on :at he _h said1 & sudd5ly call+ to ! fri>1 he cri$1 ,wait = me6 wait = me6 ,:5 he _h caught up to him1 ,retrace y\r /eps a little way4 ,i beg y1 he said4 ,:]e 0 ,i :5 ,i told y to d :atev] y\r m9i/] told y z to ! psalt]8 ,!n fall+ ^u 8 knees on ! spot po9t$ out by ! fri>1 he pro/rat$ himself at 8 feet3 ,p>don1 my bro!r1 p>don6 he cri$1 = he :o w\ld be ,bro!r ,m9or ought to h no?+ b 8 clo?+4 ,?is long /ory is n m]ely preci\s because x %[s u1 ev5 to ! smalle/ p>ticul>1 ! conflict betwe5 ! ,francis ( ! e>ly ye>s1 look+ only to ,god & 8 consci5ce1 & ! ,francis ( #abbj1 become a submissive monk 9 an ,ord] approv$ by ! ,roman ,*ur*1 b also because x is "o ( ^? infrequ5t n>ratives :]e 8 me?od %[s itself ) its artless realism4 ,^! allusions to ! tales ( *ivalry1 & ?is fre$om ( mann] :i* made a "p ( 8 success ) ! masses1 7 elim9at$ f ! leg5d ) an incr$ible rapidity4 ,8 spiritual sons 7 p]haps n a%am$ ( _! fa!r 9 ?is matt]1 b !y 7 s b5t ^u br++ out 8 o!r qualities t !y =got a little too mu* ! poet1 ! tr\bad\r1 ! joculator ,dom9i4 ,c]ta9 fragm5ts1 lat] ?an ,?omas ( ,celano by m ?an a c5tury1 :i* relate "s incid5ts ( ?is k9d1 be> = t v reason ! /amp ( au!nticity4 ,x is difficult en\gh to asc]ta9 precisely :at "p ,francis /ill took 9 ! direction ( ! ,ord]4 ,pietro di ,catana & lat] ,bro!r ,elias are sometimes call$ m9i/]s-g5]al1 sometimes vic>s2 ! two t]ms (t5 occur successively1 z 9 ! prec$+ n>rative4 ,x is v probable t ?is confusion ( t]ms corresponds to a l confusion ( facts4 ,p]haps x 0 ev5 int5tional4 ,aft] ! *apt] ( ,septemb]1 #abbj1 ! affairs ( ! ,ord] pass into ! h&s ( him :om ,francis _h call$ m9i/]-g5]al1 ?\gh ! fri>s z well z ! papacy gave him only ! title ( vic>4 ,x 0 ess5tial = ! popul>ity ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or t ,francis %\ld pres]ve an appe>ance ( au?ority1 b ! reality ( gov]nm5t _h slipp$ f 8 h&s4 ,! ideal :i* he _h borne 9 8 body until #abji & _h !n giv5 bir? to 9 angui%1 0 n[ tak+ its flight1 l ^? sons ( our lo9s :om we see sudd5ly leav+ u )\t our be+ able to help x1 s9ce t is life1 yet n )\t a r5d+ ( our vitals4 ,mat] dolorosa6 ,ah1 no d\bt !y w come back aga91 & seat !mselves pi\sly beside u at ! pat]nal he>?2 p]haps ev51 9 "s h\r ( moral di/ress1 !y w feel ! ne$ ( tak+ refuge 9 _! "m's arms z 9 ! old days2 b ^! fleet+ returns1 ) _! fev]i% ha/e1 only reop5 ! w\nds ( ! poor p>5ts1 :5 !y see h[ ! *ildr5 ha/5 to dep>t aga9--!y :o be> _! "n b belong to !m no long]4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,giord41 #ad2 ,tribul41 fo #aj4 #b ,any o!r date is impossible1 s9ce ,francis 9 op5 *apt] rel9qui%$ ! direction ( ! ,ord] 9 favor ( ,pietro di ,catana1 :o di$ ,m>* #aj1 #abba4 #c ,?is too %ort fragm5t is f\nd 9 ,sec4 vi4 ( ! ,rule ( ! ,damianites 7,augu/ #i1 #abec73 ,speculum1 ,mor91 ,tract4 iii41 #bbf;b4 #d #b ,cel41 #b1 #c2 ,bon41 #afb2 cf4 ,con=m41 #ahd;b1 #b1 & #fb;b1 #a4 #e ,sigonius1 ,op]a1 t4 iii4 col4 #bbj2 cf4 ,pot?a/1 #eeaf1 & #fjhf4 #f #b ,cel41 #c1 #d2 ,spec41 #aa;a2 ,tribul41 #ac;a2 ,con=m41 #afi;b1 #b4 #g ,di$ 9 #abbi4 ,cf4 ,mazzetti1 ,rep]torio di tutti i pr(essori di ,bologna1 ,bologna1 #ahdg1 p4 #aa4 #h ,see ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bh1 p4 #fce1 & ! notes4 #i ,wadd+1 ann4 #abbj1 no4 #i4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hbc4 #aj #b ,cel41 #a1 #af2 ,spec41 #ajj;a-#aja;b4 #aa ,giord41 #ad2 cf4 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ag2 ,spec41 #ajb2 #c ,soc41 #ef & #fc4 #ab ,cum secundum4 ,! orig9al is at ,assisi ) ,datum apud ,urbem ,vet]em ,x4 ,kal4 ,oct4 pont4 no/ri anno qu9to 7,septemb] #bb1 #abbj74 ,x is !re=e by an error t ,sb>alea & ,wadd+ make x date f ,vit]bo1 :i* is ! less explicable t all ! bulls ( ?is epo* are dat$ f ,orvieto4 ,wadd+1 ann4 #abbj1 #eg2 ,sb>alea1 vol4 i41 p4 #f2 ,pot?a/1 #fefa4 #ac #b ,cel41 #c1 #aah2 ,ub]t91 ,arbor4 ,v41 #b2 ,spec41 #bf2 #ej2 #acj;b2 ,con=m41 #acf;a1 #b2 #adc;a1 #b4 #ad #b ,cel41 #c1 #hc2 ,bon4 #gg4 ,"o %\ld read ?is acc\nt 9 ! ,con=m4 accord+ to ! ,antigua ,leg5da1 #adb;a1 #b2 #ca;a1 #a2 ,spec4 #dc;b4 #ae ,tribul4 ,laur4 ,,ms41 #ab;b2 ,magl4 ,,ms41 #ga;b4 #af ,luke1 ix41 #a-f4 ,tribul41 #ab;b3 ,et fec]unt de regula prima m9i/ri remov]e4444 ,?is mu/ h tak5 place at ! *apt] ( ,septemb] #bi1 #abbj1 s9ce ! suppression is made 9 ! ,rule ( #abba4 #ag #b ,cel41 #c1 #ha2 ,spec41 #bf2 ,con=m41 #age;b1 #a2 #ec;a2 ,bon41 #gf2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fbj4 #ah ,! epitaph on 8 tomb1 :i* /ill exi/s at ,s4 ,m4 dei ,angeli be>s ?is date3 see ,portiuncula1 von ,p4 ,b>nabas aus dem ,elsass1 ,rixheim1 #ahhd1 p4 #aa4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fcj4 #ai ,spec41 #i;b2 ,arbor4 ,v41 #c2 ,con=m41 #agj;a1 #a2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abd4 ,cf4 ,ub]t9i1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 pp4 #ge & #agg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,rule ,,( #abbaa ,! w9t] ( #abbj-abba 0 sp5t by ,francis *iefly 9 fix+ 8 ?\ght by writ+4 ,until n[ he _h be5 too mu* ! man ( action to h be5 able to give mu* ?\ght to any?+ b ! liv+ ^w1 b f ?is "t 8 exhau/$ =ces compell$ him to satisfy 8 long+ = s\ls by "s o!r means ?an evangeliz+ t\rs4 ,we h se5 t ! *apt] ( ,septemb] #bi1 #abbj1 on "o side1 & ! bull ,cum secundum on ! o!r1 _h fix$ 9 advance a c]ta9 numb] ( po9ts4 ,= ! re/1 complete lib]ty _h be5 giv5 him1 n inde$ to make a f9al & un*angeable /atem5t ( 8 ideas1 b to set !m =?4 ,! sub/ance ( legislative p[] _h pass$ into ! h&s ( ! m9i/]s4#b ,t :i* we call ! ,rule ( #abba is1 !n1 no?+ m ?an a propos$ law1 submitt$ to a repres5tative gov]nm5t at its p>liam5t4 ,! head ( au?ority w "o day give x to ! _w1 s ?or\ghly modifi$ & alt]$ t ,francis's "n at ! head ( su* a docum5t w give b small promise1 & q indirectly1 t x w conta9 8 p]sonal op9ion4 ,nev] 0 man less capable ( mak+ a ,rule ?an ,francis4 ,9 reality1 t ( #abaj & ! "o :i* ! pope solemnly approv$ 9 ,novemb] #bi1 #abbc1 _h little 9 common except ! "n4 ,9 ! =m] all is alive1 free1 spontane\s2 x is a po9t ( dep>ture1 an inspiration2 x may be summ$ up 9 two phrases3 ! appeal ( ,jesus to man1 ,come1 foll[ me1 ! act ( man1 ,he left all & foll[$ him4 ,to ! call ( div9e love man replies by ! joyful gift ( himself1 & t q naturally1 by a sort ( in/9ct4 ,at ?is height ( my/icism any regulation is n only useless1 x is almo/ a pr(anation2 at ! v lea/ x is ! symptom ( a d\bt4 ,ev5 9 e>?ly loves1 :5 p truly love ea* o!r no?+ is ask$1 no?+ promis$4 ,! ,rule ( #abbc1 on ! o!r h&1 is a reciprocal contract4 ,on ! div9e side ! call has become a comm&2 on ! human1 ! free impulse ( love has become an act ( submission1 by :i* life et]nal w be e>n$4 ,at ! bottom ( x all is ! ant9ome ( law & love4 ,"u ! reign ( law we are ! m]c5>ies ( ,god1 b\nd d[n to an irksome task1 b paid a hundr$-fold1 & ) an indisputable "r to our wages4 ,"u ! rule ( love we are ! sons ( ,god1 & c[ork]s ) him2 we give ourselves to him )\t b>ga9+ & )\t expectation2 we foll[ ,jesus1 n because ?is is well1 b because we c d no o!rwise1 because we feel t he has lov$ u & we love him 9 our turn4 ,an inw>d flame draws u irresi/ibly t[>d him3 ,et ,spiritus et ,sponsa dicunt3 ,v5i4 ,x is necess>y to dwell a little on ! anti!sis betwe5 ^! two ,rules4 ,t ( #abaj alone is truly ,franciscan2 t ( #abbc is indirectly ! "w ( ! ,*ur*1 endeavor+ to assimilate ) h]self ! new movem5t1 :i* ) "o t\* %e trans=ms & turns :olly f its orig9al purpose4 ,t ( #abba m>ks an int]m$iate /age4 ,x is ! cla% ( two pr9ciples1 or r ( two spirits2 !y approa*1 !y t\*1 b !y are n m]g$ 9 "o ano!r2 "h & !re is a mixture1 b n[h]e comb9ation2 we c sep>ate ! div]s elem5ts )\t difficulty4 ,_! condition is ! exact reflection ( :at 0 go+ on 9 ,francis's s\l1 & ( ! rapid evolution ( ! ,ord]4 ,to aid him 9 8 "w ,francis jo9$ to himself ,bro!r ,caes> ( ,spey]1 :o w\ld be especially useful to him by 8 pr(\nd acqua9tance ) ! sacr$ texts4 ,:at /rikes u fir/1 on glanc+ ov] ?is ,rule ( #abba1 is its extraord9>y l5g?2 x cov]s n less ?an t5 folio pages1 :ile t ( #abbc has no m ?an ?ree4 ,take away f x ! passages :i* emanate f ! papacy & ^? :i* 7 fix$ at ! previ\s *apt]1 y w h>dly h %ort5$ x by a column2 :at rema9s is n a ,rule1 b a s]ies ( impassion$ appeals1 9 :i* ! fa!r's he>t speaks1 n to comm& b to conv9ce1 to t\*1 to awak5 9 8 *ildr5 ! in/9ct ( love4 ,x is all *aotic & ev5 contradictory1#c )\t ord]1 a m$ley ( outbur/s ( joy & bitt] sobs1 ( hopes & regrets4 ,!re are passages 9 :i* ! passion ( ! s\l speaks 9 e possible tone1 runs ov] ! :ole gamut f ! s(te/ note to ! mo/ mascul9e1 f ^? :i* are z joy\s & inspir+ z ! bla/ ( a cl>ion1 to ^? :i* are agitat$1 /ifl$1 l a voice f beyond ! tomb4 ,by ! holy love :i* is 9 ,god1 ,i pray all ! fri>s1 m9i/]s z well z o!rs1 to put aside e ob/acle1 e c>e1 e anxiety1 t !y may be able to consecrate !mselves entirely to s]ve1 love1 & honor ! ,"l ,god1 ) a pure he>t & a s9c]e purpose1 :i* is :at he asks above all ?+s4 ,let u h always 9 ourselves a tab]nacle & a home = him :o is ! ,"l ,god mo/ mighty1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 :o says1 ',wat* & pray always1 t y may be f\nd wor?y to escape all ! ?+s :i* w come to pass1 & to appe> upright be=e ! ,son ( man4' ,let u !n keep 9 ! true way1 ! life1 ! tru?1 & ! holy ,gospel ( ,him :o has deign$ = our sake to leave 8 ,fa!r t he may manife/ 8 "n to u1 say+1 ',fa!r1 ,i h manife/$ ?y "n to ^? :om ?\ ha/ giv5 me1 & ! words :i* ?\ ha/ giv5 me ,i h giv5 also unto !m4 ,!y h receiv$ !m1 & !y h kn[n t ,i am come f !e1 & !y believe t ?\ ha/ s5t me4 ,i pray = !m2 ,i pray n = ! _w1 b = ^? :om ?\ ha/ giv5 me1 t !y may be "o z we are "o4 ,i h said ^! ?+s1 be+ /ill 9 ! _w1 t !y may h joy 9 !mselves4 ,i h giv5 !m ?y words1 & ! _w ha? hat$ !m1 because !y are n ( ! _w4 ,i pray n t ?\ %\ld/ take !m out ( ! _w1 b t ?\ wilt keep !m f ! evil4 ,sanctify !m ?r\gh ! tru?2 ?y ^w is tru?4 ,z ?\ ha/ s5t me into ! _w ,i h also s5t !m into ! _w1 & = _! sake ,i sanctify myself t !y may !mselves be sanctifi$ 9 ! tru?2 & nei!r pray ,i = ^! alone1 b = all ^? :o %all believe on me ?r\gh _! words1 t we all may be "o1 & t ! _w may "k t ?\ ha/ s5t me1 & t ?\ love/ !m z ?\ ha/ lov$ me4 ,i h made kn[n unto !m ?y "n1 t ! love :]e) ?\ ha/ lov$ me may be 9 !m & ,i 9 !m4' ,,pray]4 ,almighty1 mo/ high & sov]eign ,god1 holy ,fa!r1 righte\s ,"l1 ,k+ ( heav5 & e>?1 we give !e ?anks = ?9e own sake1 9 t by ?y holy w1 & by ?9e only ,son & ?y ,holy ,_s ?\ ha/ creat$ all ?+s spiritual & corporeal1 & t aft] hav+ made u 9 ?9e image & aft] ?y lik5ess1 ?\ did/ place u 9 t p>adise :i* we lo/ by our s94 ,& we give !e ?anks because aft] hav+ creat$ u by ?y ,son1 by t love :i* is ?9e1 & :i* ?\ ha/ _h = u1 ?\ ha/ made him to be born v ,god & v man ( ! glori\s & bless$ ,m>y1 ev] ,virg91 & because by 8 cross1 8 blood1 & 8 dea? ?\ ha/ will$ to ransom u poor captives4 ,& we give !e ?anks t ?y ,son is to return 9 8 glori\s maje/y to s5d to et]nal fire ! accurs$ ones1 ^? :o h n rep5t$ & h n kn[n !e2 & to say to ^? :o h kn[n & ador$ !e & s]v$ !e by rep5tance1 ',come1 ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r1 inh]it ! k+dom prep>$ = y f be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4' ,& s9ce we1 wret*$ & s9ful1 are n wor?y to "n !e1 we humbly ask our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?y well-belov$ ,son1 9 :om ?\ art well pleas$1 t he may give !e ?anks = ev]y?+2 & also ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,p>aclete1 z x may please !e & !m2 = ?is we supplicate him :o has all p[] ) !e1 & by :om ?\ ha/ done su* great ?+s = u4 ,alleluia4 ,& we pray ! glori\s ,"m1 ! bless$ ,m>y1 ev] ,virg91 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,gabriel1 ,raphael1 & all ! *oir ( bless$ ,spirits1 ,s]aphim1 ,*]ubim1 ,?rones1 ,dom9ions1 ,pr9cipalities & ,p[]s1 ,virtues & ,angels1 ,ar*angels1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,pet]1 ,paul1 & ! holy ,patri>*s1 ! ,prophets1 ! ,holy ,innoc5ts1 ,apo/les1 ,evangeli/s1 ,disciples1 ,m>tyrs1 ,confessors1 ,virg9s1 ! bless$ ones1 ,elijah & ,eno*1 & all ! sa9ts :o h be51 %all be1 & are1 we humbly pray !m by ?y love to give !e ?anks = ^! ?+s1 z x pleases !e1 sov]eign1 true1 et]nal & liv+ ,god1 & also to ?y ,son1 our mo/ holy ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,com=t]1 =ev] & ev]4 ,am54 ,alleluia4 ,& we supplicate all ^? :o desire to s]ve ! ,"l ,god1 9 ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 all prie/s1 deacons1 sub-deacons1 acolytes & exorci/s1 read]s1 port]s1 all cl]ks1 all monks & nuns1 all *ildr5 & little ones1 paup]s & exiles1 k+s1 & pr9ces1 workm5 & labor]s1 s]vants & ma/]s1 ! virg9s1 ! cont95t & ! m>ri$1 laics1 m5 & wom51 all *ildr51 y\?s1 "y m5 & old m51 ! sick & ! well1 ! small & ! great1 ! peoples ( e tribe & tongue & nation1 all m5 9 e "p ( ! _w :atsoev]1 :o are or :o %all be1 we pray & besee* !m1 all we ,bro!rs ,m9or1 unpr(itable s]vants1 t all toge!r1 ) "o accord we p]sev]e 9 ! true fai? & 9 p5it5ce1 = outside ( ^! no p]son c be sav$4 ,let u all1 ) all our he>t & all our ?\ght1 & all our /r5g?1 & all our m9d1 ) all our vigor1 ) all our ef=t1 ) all our affection1 ) all our inw>d p[]s1 our desires1 & our wills1 love ! ,"l ,god1 :o has giv5 to u all 8 body1 all 8 s\l1 all 8 life1 & /ill gives !m e day to ea* "o ( u4 ,he creat$ u1 he sav$ u by 8 grace alone2 he has be51 he /ill is1 full ( goodness to u1 u wick$ & wor?less1 corrupt & (f5sive1 ungrateful1 ignorant1 bad4 ,we desire no?+ else1 we wi% = no?+ else2 may no?+ else please u1 or h any attraction = u1 except ! ,creator1 ! ,r$eem]1 ! ,savi\r1 sole & true ,god1 :o is full ( goodness1 :o is all goodness1 :o is ! true & supreme good1 :o alone is k9d1 pi\s1 & m]ciful1 graci\s1 sweet1 & g5tle1 :o alone is holy1 righte\s1 true1 upright1 :o alone has b5ignity1 innoc5ce1 & purity2 ( :om1 by :om1 & 9 :om is all ! p>don1 all ! grace1 all ! glory ( all p5it5ts1 ( all ! righte\s & all ! sa9ts :o are rejoic+ 9 heav54 ,!n let no?+ aga9 h9d]1 let no?+ aga9 sep>ate1 no?+ aga9 ret>d u1 & may we all1 s long z we live1 9 e place1 at e h\r1 at e "t1 e day & unceas+ly1 truly & humbly believe4 ,let u h 9 our he>ts1 let u love1 adore1 s]ve1 praise1 bless1 glorify1 exalt1 magnify1 ?ank ! mo/ high1 sov]eign1 et]nal ,god1 ,tr9ity & ,unity1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 ,creator ( all m51 bo? ( ^? :o believe & hope 9 him & ( ^? :o love him4 ,he is )\t beg9n+ & )\t end1 immutable & invisible1 ineffable1 incompreh5sible1 indisc]nible1 bless$1 laud$1 glori\s1 exalt$1 sublime1 mo/ high1 sweet1 lovely1 delectable1 & always wor?y ( be+ desir$ above all ?+s1 9 all ! ages ( ages4 ,am54 ,h n ^! artless repetitions a my/]i\s *>m :i* /eals delici\sly into ! v dep?s ( ! he>t8 ,is !re n 9 !m a sort ( sacram5t ( :i* ! words are only ! rude vehicle8 ,francis is tak+ refuge 9 ,god1 z ! *ild ?r[s itself ^u its "m's bosom1 & 9 ! incoh]5ce ( its weakness & its joy /amm]s out all ! words x kn[s1 repeat+ by !m all only ! et]nal ,i am ?9e ( love & fai?4 ,!re is 9 !m also some?+ :i* recalls1 n only by citations1 b /ill m by ! v inspiration ( ! ?\ght1 t :i* we call ! sac]dotal pray] ( ,*ri/4 ,! apo/le ( pov]ty appe>s "h z if susp5d$ betwe5 e>? & heav5 by ! v /r5g? ( 8 love1 consecrat$ ! prie/ ( a new wor%ip by ! inw>d & irresi/ible unction ( ! ,_s4 ,he does n (f] sacrifice l ! prie/ ( ! pa/ "t2 he sacrifices himself1 & c>ries 9 8 body all ! woes ( humanity4 ,! m beautiful are ^! words f ! my/ical po9t ( view1 ! less d !y correspond ) :at is expect$ 9 a ,rule2 !y h nei!r ! precision nor ! brief & imp]ative =ms ( "o4 ,! trans=mations :i* !y 7 to und]go 9 ord] to become ! code ( #abbc 7 !re=e fatal :5 we consid] ! def9itive int]v5tion ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome to direct ! ,franciscan movem5t4 ,x is probable t ?is r\gh draft ( a ,rule1 su* z we h x n[1 is t :i* 0 di/ribut$ 9 ! *apt] ( ,:itsunday1 #abba4 ,! v>iants1 sometimes capital1 :i* are f\nd 9 ! diff]5t texts1 c be no?+ o!r ?an outl9es ( ! corrections propos$ by ! prov9cial m9i/]s4 ,once admit ! idea ( consid]+ ?is docum5t z a r\gh draft1 we are v soon br\ght to ?9k t x _h already und]gone a rapid prelim9>y revision1 a sort ( prun+1 9 :i* ecclesia/ical au?ority has caus$ to disappe> all t 0 9 flagrant contradiction ) its own projects = ! ,ord]4 ,if x is ask$1 :o c\ld h made ^! curtailm5ts1 "o "n spr+s at once to our lips--,ugol9i4 ,he criticis$ its exagg]at$ proportions1 its want ( unity & precision4 ,lat] on x is relat$ t ,francis _h se5 9 a dream a multitude ( />v+ fri>s1 & himself unable to satisfy _! wants1 because ?\gh all ar\nd him lay innum]able crumbs ( bread1 !y disappe>$ betwe5 8 f+]s :5 he w\ld give !m to ^? ab\t him4 ,!n a voice f heav5 said to him3 ,francis1 make ( ^! crumbs a waf]2 ) t ?\ %alt fe$ ^! />v+ ones4 ,!re is little haz>d 9 assum+ t ?is is ! picturesque e*o ( ! conf]5ces :i* took place at ?is "t betwe5 ,francis & ! c>d9al2 ! latt] might h sugge/$ to him by su* a comp>ison ! ess5tial defects ( 8 project4 ,all ?is1 no d\bt1 took place dur+ ,francis's /ay 9 ,rome1 9 ! beg9n+ ( #abba4d ,be=e go+ !re1 we mu/ ca/ a glance ov] ! simil>ity 9 inspiration & ev5 9 /yle :i* allies ! ,rule ( #abba ) ano!r ( ,/4 ,francis's works1 t :i* is kn[n "u ! title ( ,! ,admonitions4#e ,?is is a s]ies ( spiritual c\nsels ) reg>d to ! religi\s life2 x is closely unit$ bo? 9 matt] & =m ) ! "w :i* we h j exam9$4 ,! tone ( voice is s p]fectly ! same t "o is tempt$ to see 9 x p>ts ( ! orig9al draft ( ! ,rule1 sep>at$ f x z too prolix to f9d place 9 a ,rule4 ,h[ev] x may be ) ?is hypo!sis1 we f9d 9 ,! ,admonitions all ! anxieties ) :i* ! s\l ( ,francis 0 assail$ 9 ?is unc]ta9 & tr\bl$ h\r4 ,"s ( ^! c\nsels s\nd l bits f a private j\rnal4 ,we see him seek+1 ) ! simplicity ( p]fect humility1 = reasons = submitt+ himself1 r5\nc+ 8 ideas1 & n q succe$+ 9 f9d+ !m4 ,he repeats to himself ! exhortations t o!rs _h giv5 him2 we feel ! ef=t to und]/& & admire ! ideal monk :om ,ugol9i & ! ,*ur* h propos$ to him = an example3 ,! ,"l says 9 ! ,gospels3 ,he :o does n give up all t he has _c be my disciple4 ,& he :o w\ld save 8 life %all lose x4 ,"o gives up all he possesses & loses 8 life :5 life gives himself entirely into ! h&s ( 8 sup]ior1 to obey him4444 ,& :5 ! inf]ior sees ?+s :i* w\ld be bett] or m useful to 8 s\l ?an ^? :i* ! sup]ior comm&s him1 let him (f] to ,god ! sacrifice ( 8 w4 ,read+ ?is "o might ?9k t ,francis 0 ab\t to jo9 ! ranks ( ^? to :om submission to ecclesia/ical au?ority is ! v ess5ce ( religion4 ,b no2 ev5 "h 8 true feel+ is n :olly effac$1 he m+les 8 words ) p>5!ses & illu/rations1 timid1 inde$1 b reveal+ 8 deepe/ ?\ght2 always end+ by en?ron+ ! individual consci5ce z judge ( la/ resort4#f ,all ?is %[s cle>ly en\gh t we mu/ picture to ourselves mom5ts :5 8 w\nd$ s\l sighs aft] passive ob$i5ce1 ! =mula ( :i*1 p]9de ac cadav]1 goes app>5tly mu* f>!r back ?an ! ,company ( ,jesus4 ,^! 7 mom5ts ( exhau/ion1 :5 inspiration 0 sil5t4 ,"o day he 0 sitt+ ) 8 companions1 :5 he began to groan & say3 ,!re is h>dly a monk ^u e>? :o p]fectly obeys 8 sup]ior4 ,8 companions1 mu* a/oni%$1 said3 ,expla9 to u1 fa!r1 :at is p]fect & supreme ob$i5ce4 ,!n1 comp>+ him :o obeys to a corpse1 he repli$3 ,take a dead body1 & put x :]e y w1 x w make no resi/ance2 :5 x is 9 "o place x w n murmur1 :5 y take x away f !re x w n object2 put x 9 a pulpit1 x w n look up b d[n2 wrap x 9 purple1 x w only be d\bly pale4#g ,?is long+ = corpse-l ob$i5ce witnesses to ! ravages ) :i* 8 s\l _h be5 laid wa/e2 x corresponds 9 ! moral doma9 to ! cry = annihilation ( great physical angui%4 ,! wor/ 0 t he 0 absolutely alone4 ,ev]y:]e else ! ,franciscan ob$i5ce is liv+1 active1 joyful4#h ,he drank ?is cup to ! v dregs1 hold+ sacr$ ! revolts dictat$ by consci5ce4 ,"o day 9 ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life a ,g]man fri> came to see him1 & aft] hav+ long discuss$ ) him pure ob$i5ce3 ,i ask y "o favor1 he said to him1 x is t if ! ,bro!rs ev] come to live no long] accord+ to ! ,rule y w p]mit me to sep>ate myself f !m1 alone or ) a few o!rs1 to obs]ve x 9 its complet5ess4 ,at ^! words ,francis felt a great joy4 ,"k1 said he1 t ,*ri/ z well z ,i au?orize :at y h j be5 ask+2 & lay+ h&s ^u him1 ,?\ art a prie/ =ev]1 he add$1 aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*is$ec4#i ,we h a yet m t\*+ pro( ( 8 solicitude to safegu>d ! spiritual indep5d5ce ( 8 disciples3 x is a note to ,bro!r ,leo4#aj ,! latt]1 mu* al>m$ by ! new _s :i* 0 ga9+ p[] 9 ! ,ord]1 op5$ 8 m9d !reupon to 8 ma/]1 & d\btless ask$ ( him pretty mu* ! same p]mission z ! fri> f ,g]many4 ,aft] an int]view 9 :i* he repli$ viva voce1 ,francis1 n to leave any sort ( d\bt or hesitation 9 ! m9d ( him :om he surnam$ 8 little %eep ( ,god1 pecorella di ,dio1 wrote to him aga93 ,bro!r ,leo1 ?y bro!r ,francis wi%es !e peace & heal?4 ,i reply yes1 my son1 z a "m to h] *ild4 ,?is ^w sums up all we said :ile walk+1 z well z all my c\nsels4 ,if ?\ ha/ ne$ to come to me = c\nsel1 x is my wi% t ?\ %\ld/ d x4 ,:atev] may be ! mann] 9 :i* ?\ ?9ke/ ?\ can/ please ! ,"l ,god1 foll[ x1 & live 9 pov]ty4 ,d ?is 7faites le#aa71 ,god w bless !e & ,i au?orize x4 ,& if x 7 necess>y = ?y s\l1 or = ?y consolation t ?\ %\ld/ come to see me1 or if ?\ desire/ x1 my ,leo1 come4 ,?9e 9 ,*ri/4 ,surely we are f> en\gh "h f ! corpse ( a few pages back4 ,x w\ld be sup]flu\s to pause ov] ! o!r admonitions4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are reflections inspir$ by circum/ances4 ,c\nsels z to humility recur ) a frequ5cy :i* expla9s bo? ! p]sonal anxieties ( ! au?or1 & ! necessity ( rem9d+ ! bro!rs ( ! v ess5ce ( _! pr(ession4 ,! soj\rn ( ,/4 ,francis at ,rome1 :i!r he w5t 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( #abba1 to lay 8 plan be=e ,ugol9i1 0 m>k$ by a new ef=t ( ! latt] to br+ him & ,/4 ,dom9ic toge!r4#ab ,! c>d9al 0 at ?is "t at ! apogee ( 8 success4 ,ev]y?+ _h gone well ) him4 ,8 voice 0 all p[]ful n only 9 affairs ( ! ,*ur*1 b also 9 ^? ( ! ,empire4 ,fr$]ic ,,ii41 :o seem$ to be grop+ 8 way1 & 9 ^: m9d 7 g]m9at+ dreams ( religi\s re=mation1 & ! desire ( plac+ 8 p[] at ! s]vice ( ! tru?1 treat$ him z a fri5d1 & spoke ( him ) unb\nd$ admiration4#ac ,9 8 reflections ^u ! rem$ies to be appli$ to ! woes ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! c>d9al came at la/ to ?9k t "o ( ! mo/ efficaci\s w\ld be ! sub/itution ( bi%ops tak5 f ! two new ,ord]s1 = ! feudal episcopate almo/ always recruit$ f local families 9 :i* ecclesia/ical dignities 71 s to speak1 h]$it>y4 ,9 ! eyes ( ,ugol9i su* bi%ops 7 usually want+ 9 two ess5tial qualities ( a good prelate3 religi\s zeal & zeal = ! ,*ur*4 ,he believ$ t ! ,prea*+ & ! ,m9or ,fri>s w\ld n only possess ^? virtues :i* 7 lack+ 9 ! o!rs1 b t 9 ! h&s ( ! papacy !y might become a highly c5traliz$ hi]>*y1 truly ca?olic1 :olly devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,! difficulties :i* might occur on ! "p ( ! *apt]s :i* %\ld elect ! bi%ops1 z well z on ! side ( ! high secul> cl]gy1 w\ld be put to flight by ! en?usiasm :i* ! p w\ld feel = pa/ors ^: pov]ty w\ld recall ! days ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,at ! close ( 8 int]views ) ,francis & ,dom9ic1 he communicat$ to !m "s ( ^! ?\ghts1 ask+ _! advice z to ! elevation ( _! fri>s to prelatures4 ,!re 0 a pi\s conte/ betwe5 ! two sa9ts z to :i* %\ld answ] fir/4 ,f9ally1 ,dom9ic said simply t he %\ld pref] to see 8 companions rema9 z !y 74 ,9 8 turn1 ,francis %[$ t ! v "n ( 8 in/itute made ! ?+ impossible4 ,if my fri>s h be5 call$ ,m9ores1 he said1 x is n t !y may become ,majores4 ,if y desire t !y become fruitful 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 leave !m alone1 & keep !m 9 ! e/ate into :i* ,god has call$ !m4 ,i pray y1 fa!r1 d n s act t _! pov]ty %all become a motive = pride1 nor elevate !m to prelatures :i* w\ld move !m to insol5ce t[>d o!rs4#ad ,! ecclesia/ical policy foll[$ by ! popes 0 de/9$ to r5d] ?is c\nsel ( ! two f\nd]s :olly useless4#ae ,francis & ,dom9ic p>t$1 nev] aga9 to meet4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,prea*+ ,fri>s %ortly aft] set out = ,bologna1 :]e he di$ on ,augu/ #f? foll[+1 & ,francis return$ to ,portiuncula1 :]e ,pietro di ,catana _h j di$ 7,m>* #aj1 #abba74 ,he 0 replac$ at ! head ( ! ,ord] by ,bro!r ,elias4 ,ugol9i 0 d\btless n )\t influ5ce 9 ?is *oice4 ,deta9$ by 8 functions ( legate1 he c\ld n be pres5t at ! ,:itsunday *apt] 7,may #cj1 #abba74af ,he 0 repres5t$ !re by ,c>d9al ,reyn]io1#ag :o came accompani$ by sev]al bi%ops & by monks ( v>i\s ord]s4#ah ,ab\t ?ree ?\s& fri>s 7 !re assembl$1 b s great 0 ! eag]ness ( ! p ( ! neighborhood to br+ provisions1 t aft] a session ( sev5 days !y 7 oblig$ to rema9 two days long] to eat up all t _h be5 br\ght4 ,! sessions 7 presid$ ov] by ,bro!r ,elias1 ,francis sitt+ at 8 feet & pull+ at 8 robe :5 !re 0 any?+ t he wi%$ to h put be=e ! ,bro!rs4 ,bro!r ,giordani di ,giano1 :o 0 pres5t1 has pres]v$ = u all ^! details & t ( ! sett+ out ( a gr\p ( fri>s = ,g]many4 ,!y 7 plac$ "u ! direction ( ,caes> ( ,spey]1 ^: mission succe$$ beyond all expectation4 ,eighte5 mon?s aft]1 :5 he return$ to ,italy1 consum$ ) ! desire to see ,/4 ,francis aga91 ! cities ( ,wurzburg1 ,may5ce1 ,worms1 ,spey]1 ,/rasburg1 ,cologne1 ,salzburg1 & ,ratisbon _h become ,franciscan c5tres1 f :5ce ! new ideas 7 radiat+ into all ,s\!rn ,g]many4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,t]ti>ies1 or ,?ird ,ord]1 g5]ally 9 ! olde/ docum5ts call$ ,bro!rhood ( ,p5it5ce1 is usually fix$ z occurr+ 9 ! ye> #abba2 b we h already se5 t ?is date is mu* too rec5t1 or r t x is impossible to fix any date1 = :at 0 lat] call$1 q arbitr>ily1 ! ,?ird ,ord] is evid5tly contempor>y ) ! ,fir/4#ai ,francis & 8 companions desir$ to be ! apo/les ( _! "t2 b !y1 no m ?an ! apo/les ( ,jesus1 desir$ to h all m5 ent] _! association1 :i* 0 necess>ily some:at re/rict$1 & :i*1 accord+ to ! gospel say+1 0 meant to be ! leav5 ( ! re/ ( humanity4 ,9 consequ5ce1 _! life 0 lit]ally ! apo/olic life1 b ! ideal :i* !y prea*$ 0 ! evangelical life1 su* z ,jesus _h prea*$ x4 ,/4 ,francis no m condemn$ ! family or prop]ty ?an ,jesus did2 he simply saw 9 !m ties f :i* ! apo/le1 & ! apo/le alone1 ne$s to be free4 ,if be=e long sickly m9ds fanci$ t !y int]pret$ 8 ?\ght 9 mak+ ! union ( ! sexes an evil1 & all t conc]ns ! physical activity ( man a fall2 if unbalanc$ spirits borr[$ ! au?ority ( 8 "n to escape f all duty2 if m>ri$ p]sons condemn$ !mselves to ! s5seless m>tyrdom ( virg9ity1 he %\ld c]ta9ly n be made responsible4 ,^! traces ( an unnatural asceticism come f ! duali/ ideas ( ! ,ca?>i/s1 & n f ! inspir$ poet :o sang nature & h] fecundity1 :o made ne/s = doves1 invit+ !m to multiply "u ! wat* ( ,god1 & :o impos$ manual labor on 8 fri>s z a sacr$ duty4 ,! bases ( ! corporation ( ! ,bro!rs & ,si/]s ( ,p5it5ce 7 v simple4 ,francis gave no new doctr9e to ! _w2 :at 0 new 9 8 message 0 :olly 9 8 love1 9 8 direct call to ! evangelical life1 to an ideal ( moral vigor1 ( labor1 & ( love4 ,naturally1 !re 7 soon f\nd m5 :o did n und]/& ?is true & simple beauty2 !y fell into obs]vances & devotions1 imitat$1 :ile liv+ 9 ! _w1 ! life ( ! cloi/] to :i* = "o reason or ano!r !y 7 n able to retire2 b x w\ld be unju/ to picture to ourselves ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce z modell$ aft] !m4 ,did !y receive a ,rule f ,/4 ,francis8 ,x is impossible to say4 ,! "o :i* 0 giv5#bj !m 9 #abhi by ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iv4 is simply ! reca/+ & amalgamation ( all ! rules ( lay frat]nities :i* exi/$ at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,to attribute ?is docum5t to ,francis is no?+ less ?an ! plac+ 9 a new build+ ( c]ta9 v5]at$ /ones f an anci5t edifice4 ,x is a matt] ( facade & ornam5tation1 no?+ m4 ,not)/&+ ?is abs5ce ( any ,rule emanat+ f ,francis himself1 x is cle> en\gh :at1 9 8 e/imation1 ?is association ought to be4 ,! ,gospel1 ) its c\nsels & examples1 0 to be its true ,rule4 ,! great innovation design$ by ! ,?ird ,ord] 0 concord2 ?is frat]nity 0 a union ( peace1 & x br\ght to a/oni%$ ,europe a new truce ( ,god4 ,:e!r ! absolute refusal to c>ry arms#ba 0 an idea :olly *im]ical & ephem]al1 ! docum5ts are !re to prove1 b x is a f9e ?+ to h _h ! p[] to br+ x ab\t = a few ye>s4 ,! second ess5tial obligation ( ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce appe>s to h be5 t ( r$uc+ _! wants s f> z possible1 & :ile pres]v+ _! =tunes to di/ribute to ! poor at prop] int]vals ! free portion ( ! rev5ue aft] cont5t+ !mselves ) ! /rictly necess>y4#bb ,to d ) joy ! duties ( _! call+2 to give a holy inspiration to ! slighte/ actions2 to f9d 9 ! inf9itely littles ( exi/5ce1 ?+s app>5tly ! mo/ commonplace1 p>ts ( a div9e "w2 to keep pure f all debas+ int]e/2 to use ?+s z n possess+ !m1 l ! s]vants 9 ! p>able :o w\ld soon h to give acc\nt ( ! tal5ts confid$ to !m2 to close _! he>ts to hatr$1 to op5 !m wide to ! poor1 ! sick1 to all ab&on$ ones1 su* 7 ! o!r ess5tial duties ( ! ,bro!rs & ,si/]s ( ,p5it5ce4 ,to lead !m into ?is royal road ( lib]ty1 love1 & responsibility1 ,francis sometimes appeal$ to ! t]rors ( hell & ! joys ( p>adise1 b int]e/$ love 0 s little a "p ( 8 nature t ^! consid]ations & o!rs ( ! same k9d occupy an entirely second>y place 9 ^? ( 8 writ+s :i* rema91 z also 9 8 biographies4 ,= him ! gospel life is natural to ! s\l4 ,:oev] comes to "k x w pref] x2 x has no m ne$ to be prov$ ?an ! out] air & ! light4 ,x ne$s only to lead prison]s to x1 = !m to lose all desire to return to ! dungeons ( av>ice1 hatr$1 or frivolity4 ,francis & 8 true disciples make ! pa9ful asc5t ( ! m\nta9 heights1 impell$ solely1 b irresi/ibly1 by ! inn] voice4 ,! only =eign aid :i* !y accept is ! memory ( ,jesus1 go+ be=e !m ^u ^! heights & my/]i\sly liv+ aga9 be=e _! eyes 9 ! sacram5t ( ! eu*>i/4 ,! lett] to all ,*ri/ians 9 :i* ^! ?\ghts break =? is a liv+ s\v5ir ( ,/4 ,francis's tea*+s to ! ,t]ti>ies4 ,to repres5t ^! latt] to ourselves 9 a p]fectly concrete =m we may resort to ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,luc*esio1 :om tradition makes ! fir/ ,bro!r ( ,p5it5ce4#bc ,a native ( a little city ( ,tuscany he quitt$ x to avoid its political enmities1 & e/abli%$ himself at ,poggibonsi1 n f> f ,si5na1 :]e he cont9u$ to trade 9 gra94 ,already ri*1 x 0 n difficult = him to buy up all ! :eat1 &1 sell+ x 9 a "t ( sc>city1 realize enorm\s pr(its4 ,b soon ov]come by ,francis's prea*+1 he took himself to task1 di/ribut$ all 8 sup]fluity to ! poor1 & kept no?+ b 8 h\se ) a small g>d5 & "o ass4 ,f t "t he 0 to be se5 devot+ himself to ! cultivation ( ?is bit ( gr\nd1 & mak+ ( 8 h\se a sort ( ho/elry :i!r ! poor & ! sick came 9 sw>ms4 ,he n only welcom$ !m1 b he s\ght !m out1 ev5 to ! mal>ia-infect$ ,m>emma1 (t5 return+ ) a sick man a/ride on 8 back & prec$$ by 8 ass be>+ a simil> burd54 ,! res\rces ( ! g>d5 7 necess>ily v limit$2 :5 !re 0 no o!r way1 ,luc*esio took a wallet & w5t f door to door ask+ alms1 b mo/ ( ! "t ?is 0 ne$less1 = 8 poor gue/s1 see+ him s dilig5t & s good1 7 bett] satisfi$ ) a few poor vegetables f ! g>d5 %>$ ) him ?an ) ! mo/ copi\s repa/4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( _! b5efactor1 s joyful 9 8 de/itution1 !y =got _! own pov]ty1 & ! habitual murmurs ( ^! wret*es 7 trans=m$ into outbur/s ( admiration & gratitude4 ,conv]sion _h n kill$ 9 him all family ties2 ,bona ,donna1 8 wife1 became 8 be/ co-labor]1 & :5 9 #abfj he saw h] gradually fad+ away 8 grief 0 too deep to be endur$4 ,y "k1 de> companion1 he said to h] :5 %e _h receiv$ ! la/ sacram5ts1 h[ mu* we h lov$ "o ano!r :ile we c\ld s]ve ,god toge!r2 :y %\ld we n rema9 unit$ until we dep>t to ! ineffable joy8 ,wait = me4 ,i also w receive ! sacram5ts1 & g to heav5 ) y4 ,s he spoke1 & call$ back ! prie/ to adm9i/] !m to him4 ,!n aft] hold+ ! h&s ( 8 dy+ companion1 com=t+ h] ) g5tle words1 :5 he saw t h] s\l 0 gone he made ov] h] ! sign ( ! cross1 /ret*$ himself beside h]1 & call+ ) love ^u ,jesus1 ,m>y1 & ,/4 ,francis1 he fell asleep = et]nity4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,text 9 ,firmam5tum1 #aj2 ,spec41 #ahi2 ,spec41 ,mor94 ,tract41 iii41 #b;b4 ,m4 ,muell] 7,anfa5ge7 has made a /udy ( ! ,rule ( #abba :i* is a ma/]piece ( exegetical sc5t4 ,nev]!less if he _h m c>efully collat$ ! diff]5t texts he w\ld h arriv$ at /ill m /rik+ results1 ?anks to ! v>iants :i* he w\ld h be5 able to e/abli%4 ,i cite a s+le example4 ,text ,firm4--,wadd+1 adopt$ by ,mr4 ,m4 ,omnes fratres ubicunque sunt vel vadunt1 caveant sibi a malo visu et frequ5tia muli]um et nullus cum eis consilietur solus4 ,sac]dos hone/e loquatur cum eis d&o p5it5tiam vel aliud spirituale consilium4 ,text ( ! ,speculum1 #ahi ff4 ,omnes fratres ubicunque sunt et vadunt caveant se a malo visu et frequ5tia muli]um et nullus cum eis concilietur aut p] viam vadat solus aut ad m5sam 9 una p>opside com$at4 7667 ,sac]dos hone/e loquatur cum eis d&o 444 etc4 ,?is passage is suffici5t to %[ ! sup]iority ( ! text ( ! ,speculum1 :i* is to be pref]r$ also 9 o!r respects1 b ?is is n ! place = ent]+ into ^! details4 ,x is evid5t t ! phrase 9 :i* we see ! e>lie/ fri>s sometimes %>+ ! repa/ ( ! si/]s & eat+ f _! porr+] is n a lat] int]polation4 #b ,tribul41 #ab;b2 ,spec41 #ed;b2 ,arbor4 ,v41 #c2 ,spec41 #h;b4 #c ,cf4 cap4 #ag & #ba4 #d #b ,cel41 #c1 #acf4 #e ,see bel[1 p4 #ced1 text 9 ! ,firmam5tum1 #ai ff42 ,speculum1 ,mor91 tract4 iii41 #bad;a ff42 cf4 ,con=m41 #acg ff4 #f ,cum facit 7subditus7 voluntatem 7praelati7 dummodo b5efacit v]a ob$i5tia e/4 ,admon41 iii42 ,con=m41 #aci;a1 #b4--,si v]o praelatus subdito aliquid contra animam praecipiat licet ei non ob$iat tam5 ipsum non dimittat41 ,ibid4--,nullus t5etur ad ob$i5tiam 9 eo ubi committitus delictum vel peccatum4 ,epi/41 ii4 #g #b ,cel41 #c1 #hi2 ,spec41 #bi;b2 ,con=m41 #agf;b1 #a2 ,bon41 #gg4 #h ,p] c>itatem spiritus volunt>ii s]viant et ob$iant invicem4 ,et haec e/ v]a et sancta ob$i5tia4 ,reg41 #abba1 v4 #i ,tribul41 ,laur4 ,,ms41 #ad;b2 ,spec41 #abe;a2 ,con=m41 #ajg;b1 #a2 #ahd;b1 #a4 #aj ,wadd+ gives x 7,epi/4 xvi471 aft] ! autograph pres]v$ 9 ! treasury ( ! ,conv5tuals ( ,spoleto4 ,! au!nticity ( ?is piece is evid5t4 #aa ,?is plural1 :i* p]plex$ ,wadd+1 %[s pla9ly t ,bro!r ,leo _h spok5 9 ! "n ( a gr\p4 #ab ,?is date = ! new communications betwe5 !m seems inconte/able1 ?\gh x has nev] be5 propos$2 9 fact1 we are only conc]n$ to f9d a "t :5 all ?ree c\ld h met at ,rome 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #hf2 ,spec41 #bg;a71 betwe5 ,decemb] #bb1 #abaf 7! approbation ( ! ,dom9icans71 & ,augu/ #f1 #abba 7dea? ( ,dom9ic74 ,only two p]iods are possible3 ! e>ly mon?s ( #abah 7,pot?a/1 #egci & #egdg7 & ! w9t] ( #abbj-abba4 ,at any o!r "t "o ( ! ?ree 0 abs5t f ,rome4 ,on ! o!r h& we "k t ,ugol9i 0 9 ,rome 9 ! w9t] ( #abbj-abba 7,huill>d-,breholles1 ,hi/4 dipl41 ii41 pp4 #dh1 #abc1 #adb4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #fehi74--;,= ,dom9ic see ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aug41 vol4 i41 p4 #ejc4 ,! lat] date is imp]ative because ,ugol9i c\ld n (f] prelatures to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or be=e _! explicit approbation 7,june #aa1 #abai71 & ?is (f] _h no mean+ ) reg>d to ! ,dom9icans until aft] ! def9itive e/abli%m5t ( _! ,ord]4 #ac ,see ! imp]ial lett]s ( ,febru>y #aj1 #abba2 ,huill>d-,breholles1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #abb-abg4 #ad #b ,cel41 #c1 #hf2 ,bon41 #gh2 ,spec41 #bg;b4 #ae ,vide ,k4 ,eubel3 ,die ,bis*oefe1 ,c>d9aele und ,paep/e aus dem ,m9orit5ord5 bis #acje1 #hvo1 #ahhi4 #af ,he 0 9 ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,vide ,regi/ri3 ,doc41 #ag-bh4 #ag ,reyn]ius1 c>d9al-deacon ) ! title ( ,s4 ,m4 9 ,cosm$91 ,bi%op ( ,vit]bo 7cf4 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 ,op]a1 ,migne1 #a1 col4 ccxiii71 #a ,cel41 #abe4 ,he _h be5 nam$ rector ( ! ,du*y ( ,spoleto1 ,augu/ #c1 #abbj4 ,pot?a/1 #fcai4 #ah ,giord1 #af4 ,! pres5ce ( ,dom9ic at an e>li] *apt] _h !re=e be5 q natural4 #ai ,?is view h>monizes 9 e p>ticul> ) ! witness ( #a ,cel41 #cf & #cg1 :i* %[s ! ,?ird ,ord] z hav+ be5 q naturally born ( ! en?usiasm excit$ by ! prea*+ ( ,francis imm$iately aft] 8 return f ,rome 9 #abaj 7cf4 ,auctor vit4 sec42 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eic;b74 ,no?+ 9 any o!r docum5t contradicts x2 q ! contr>y4 ,vide #c ,soc41 #fj4 ,cf4 ,anon4 ,p]us42 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fjj2 ,bon41 #be1 #df4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #fca-fcd4 ,! fir/ bull :i* conc]ns ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce 7)\t nam+ !m7 is ( ,decemb] #af1 #abba1 ,significatum e/4 ,if x really ref]s to !m1 z ,sb>alea ?9ks1 ) all ^? :o h int]e/$ !mselves 9 ! "q to ,m4 ,muell] inclusively--b :i*1 x appe>s1 might be conte/$--x is because 9 #abba !y _h made appeal to ! pope aga9/ ! pode/as ( ,fa5za & ! neighbor+ cities4 ,?is evid5tly supposes an association n rec5tly born4 ,sb>alea1 ,bull4 fr41 #a1 p4 #h2 ,horoy1 vol4 iv41 col4 #di2 ,pot?a/1 #fgcf4 #bj ,bull ,supra montem ( ,augu/ #ag1 #abhi1 ,pot?a/4 #bcjdd4 ,m4 ,muell] has made a lum9\s /udy ( ! orig9 ( ?is bull2 x may be consid]$ f9al 9 all ess5tial po9ts 7,anfa5ge1 pp4 #aag-aga74 ,by ?is bull ,ni*olas ,,iv4--m9i/]-g5]al ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or be=e becom+ pope--s\ght to draw into ! h&s ( 8 ,ord] ! direction ( all associations ( pi\s laics 7,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ! ,gaud5tes1 ! ,humiliati4 etc474 ,he desir$ by t to give a great] impulse to ^? frat]nities :i* dep5d$ directly on ! c\rt ( ,rome1 & augm5t _! p[] by unify+ !m4 #ba ,vide ,bull ,significatum e/ ( ,decemb] #af1 #abba4 ,cf4 ,supra montem1 *ap4 vii4 #bb ,! ,rule ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ! ,humiliati1 :i* dates f #abja1 conta9s a simil> clause4 ,tirabos*i1 vol4 ii41 p4 #acb4 #bc ,9 ! ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aprilis1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fjj-faf4 ,orl&o di ,*iusi also receiv$ ! habit f ! h&s ( ,francis4 ,vide ,in/rum5tum1 etc41 bel[1 p4 #djj4 ,! ,franciscan frat]nity1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! o!r ?ird ord]s1 rapidly lo/ its specific "*4 ,z to ?is title1 ,?ird ,ord]1 x surely _h orig9ally a hi]>*ical s5se1 ^u :i* little by little a *ronological s5se has be5 sup]pos$4 ,all ^! que/ions become s+ul>ly cle>] :5 !y are comp>$ ) :at is kn[n ( ! ,humiliati4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,bro!rs ,,m9or ,,& ,,le>n+ ,autumn1 #abba-;,decemb]1 #abbc ,aft] ! *apt] ( #abba ! evolution ( ! ,ord] hurri$ on ) a rapidity :i* no?+ 0 /rong en\gh to *eck4 ,! creation ( ! m9i/]s 0 an enorm\s /ep 9 ?is direction2 by ! v pressure ( ?+s ! latt] came to e/abli% a resid5ce2 ^? :o comm& mu/ h _! subord9ates )9 rea*1 mu/ "k at all times :]e !y are2 ! ,bro!rs1 !re=e1 c\ld no long] cont9ue to d )\t conv5ts prop]ly s-call$4 ,?is *ange naturally br\ght ab\t _m o!rs2 up to ?is "t !y _h _h no *ur*es4 ,)\t *ur*es ! fri>s 7 only it9]ant prea*]s1 & _! purpose c\ld n b be p]fectly dis9t]e/$2 !y 71 z ,francis _h wi%$1 ! fri5dly auxili>ies ( ! cl]gy4 ,) *ur*es x 0 inevitable t !y %\ld fir/ fatally aspire to prea* 9 !m & attract ! cr[d to !m1 !n 9 "s sort erect !m into c\nt] p>i%es4#a ,! bull ( ,m>* #bb1 #abbb1b %[s u ! papacy ha/5+ ^! trans=mations ) all its p[]4 ,! pontiff accords to ,bro!r ,francis & ! o!r fri>s ! privilege ( celebrat+ ! sacr$ my/]ies 9 _! *ur*es 9 times ( int]dict1 on ! natural condition ( n r++ ! bells1 ( clos+ ! door1 & previ\sly expell+ ^? :o 7 excommunicat$4 ,by an a/oni%+ inadv]t5ce ! bull itself be>s witness to its uselessness1 at lea/ = ! "t 9 :i* x 0 giv53 ,we accord to y1 x runs1 ! p]mission to celebrate ! sacram5ts 9 times ( int]dict 9 y\r *ur*es1 if y come to h any4 ,?is is a new pro( t 9 #abbb ! ,ord] z yet _h none2 b x is n difficult to see 9 ?is v docum5t a press+ invitation to *ange _! way ( work+1 & n leave ?is privilege to be ( no avail4 ,ano!r docum5t ( ! same "t %[s a l purpose1 ?\gh manife/$ 9 ano!r direction4 ,by ! bull ,ex p>te ( ,m>* #bi1 #abbb1 ,honorius ,,iii4 laid ^u ! ,prea*]s & ,m9ors ( ,lisbon conjo9tly a s+ul>ly delicate mission2 he gave !m full p[]s to proce$ aga9/ ! bi%op & cl]gy ( t city1 :o exact$ f ! fai?ful t !y %\ld leave to !m by w "o-?ird ( _! prop]ty1 & refus$ ! ,*ur*'s burial s]vice to ^? :o disobey$4#c ,! fact t ! pope committ$ to ! ,bro!rs ! c>e ( *oos+ :at measures !y %\ld take proves h[ anxi\s !y 7 at ,rome to =get ! object = :i* !y _h be5 creat$1 & to trans=m !m into deputies ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ne$less to po9t out t ! m5tion ( ,francis's "n at ! head ( ! =m] ( ^! bulls has no significance4 ,we d n picture ! ,pov]ello seek+ a privilege = circum/ances n yet exi/+6 ,we p]ceive "h ! influ5ce ( ,ugol9i1#d :o _h f\nd ! ,bro!r ,m9or aft] 8 own he>t 9 ! p]son ( ,elias4 ,:at 0 ,francis do+ all ?is "t8 ,we h no k1 b ! v abs5ce ( in=mation1 s abundant = ! p]iod t prec$es z well z = t :i* foll[s1 %[s pla9ly en\gh t he has quitt$ ,portiuncula1 & gone to live 9 "o ( ^? ,umbrian h]mitages t _h always _h s /rong an atta*m5t = him4#e ,!re is h>dly a hill 9 ,c5tral ,italy t has n pres]v$ "s mem5to ( him4 ,x w\ld be h>d to walk half a day betwe5 ,flor5ce & ,rome )\t com+ ^u "s hut on a hillside be>+ 8 "n or t ( "o ( 8 disciples4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ^! huts 7 inhabit$1 :5 9 ^! leafy boo?s ,egidio1 ,masseo1 ,b]n>do1 ,silve/ro1 ,g9epro1 & _m o!rs ^: names hi/ory has =gott51 receiv$ visits f _! spiritual fa!r1 com+ to !m = _! consolation4#f ,!y gave him love = love & consolation = consolation4 ,8 poor he>t _h great ne$ ( bo?1 = 9 8 long1 sleepless nights x _h come to him at times to he> /range voices2 we>9ess & regret 7 lay+ hold on him1 & look+ ov] ! pa/ he 0 almo/ driv5 to d\bt ( himself1 8 ,lady ,pov]ty1 & ev]y?+4 ,betwe5 ,*iusi & ,radic(ani--an h\r's walk f ! village ( ,s>tiano--a few ,bro!rs _h made a %elt] :i* s]v$ !m by way ( h]mitage1 ) a little cab9 = ,francis 9 a retir$ spot4 ,!re he pass$ "o ( ! mo/ agoniz+ nights ( 8 life4 ,! ?\ght t he _h exagg]at$ ! virtue ( asceticism & n c\nt$ en\gh ^u ! m]cy ( ,god assail$ him1 & sudd5ly he came to regret ! use he _h made ( 8 life4 ,a picture ( :at he might h be51 ( ! tranquil & happy home t might h be5 81 rose up be=e him 9 su* liv+ colors t he felt himself giv+ way4 ,9 va9 he discipl9$ himself ) 8 hemp5 girdle until ! blood came2 ! vision w\ld n dep>t4 ,x 0 midw9t]2 a heavy fall ( sn[ cov]$ ! gr\nd2 he ru%$ out )\t 8 g>m5t1 & ga!r+ up great heaps ( sn[ began to make a r[ ( images4 ,see1 he said1 "h is ?y wife1 & beh9d h] are two sons & two daught]s1 ) ! s]vant & ! maid c>ry+ all ! baggage4 ,) ?is *ild-l repres5tation ( ! tyranny ( mat]ial c>es :i* he _h escap$1 he f9ally put away ! temptation4#g ,!re is no?+ to %[ :e!r or n we %\ld fix at ! same epo* ano!r incid5t :i* leg5d gives z tak+ place at ,s>tiano4 ,"o day a bro!r ( :om he ask$1 ,:5ce d y come8 repli$1 ,f y\r cell4 ,?is simple answ] 0 en\gh to make ! vehem5t lov] ( ,pov]ty refuse to occupy x aga94 ,foxes h holes1 he lov$ to repeat1 & ! birds ( ! air h ne/s1 b ! ,son ( man _h n :]e to lay 8 head4 ,:5 ! ,"l sp5t =ty days & =ty nights pray+ & fa/+ 9 ! des]t1 he built himself nei!r cell nor h\se1 b made ! side ( a rock 8 %elt]4#h ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to ?9k1 z "s h done1 t z "t w5t on ,francis *ang$ 8 po9t ( view4 ,c]ta9 ecclesia/ical writ]s h assum$ t s9ce he desir$ ! multiplication ( 8 ,ord]1 he = t v reason cons5t$ to its trans=mation4 ,! sugge/ion is speci\s1 b 9 ?is matt] we are n left to conjecture2 almo/ ev]y?+ :i* 0 done 9 ! ,ord] aft] #abba 0 done ei!r )\t ,francis's k or aga9/ 8 w4 ,if "o 7 incl9$ to d\bt ?is1 x w\ld ne$ only to glance ov] t mo/ solemn & also mo/ adequate manife/o ( 8 ?\ght--8 ,w4 ,!re he is %[n fre$ f all ! temptations :i* _h at times made him hesitate 9 ! expression ( 8 ideas1 bravely ga!r+ himself up to summon back ! primitive ideal1 & set x up 9 opposition to all ! concessions :i* _h be5 wrung f 8 weakness4 ,! ,w is n an app5dix to ! ,rule ( #abbc1 x is almo/ its revocation4 ,b x w\ld be a mi/ake to see 9 x ! fir/ attempt made to return to ! e>ly ideal4 ,! la/ five ye>s ( 8 life 7 only "o incessant ef=t at prote/1 bo? by 8 example & 8 words4 ,9 #abbb he address$ to ! bre?r5 ( ,bologna a lett] fill$ ) sad =ebod+s4 ,9 t city1 :]e ! ,dom9icans1 ov]:elm$ ) att5tions1 7 occupi$ ) mak+ !mselves a /ronghold 9 ! sy/em ( in/ruction1 ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 7 m ?an any:]e else tempt$ to =sake ! way ( simplicity & pov]ty4 ,francis's w>n+s _h put on su* d>k & ?reat5+ colors t aft] ! fam\s e>?quake ( ,decemb] #bc1 #abbb1 :i* spread t]ror ov] all nor!rn ,italy1 !re 0 no hesitation 9 believ+ t he _h pr$ict$ ! cata/rophe4#i ,he _h inde$ pr$ict$ a cata/rophe :i* 0 none ! less horrible = be+ :olly moral1 & ! vision ( :i* =c$ f him ! mo/ bitt] imprecations3 ,"l ,jesus1 ?\ did/ *oose ?9e apo/les to ! numb] ( twelve1 & if "o ( !m did betray !e1 ! o!rs1 rema9+ unit$ to !e1 prea*$ ?y holy gospel1 fill$ ) "o & ! same inspiration2 & behold n[1 rememb]+ ! =m] days1 ?\ ha/ rais$ up ! ,religion ( ! ,bro!rs 9 ord] to uphold fai?1 & t by !m ! my/]y ( ?y gospel may be accompli%$4 ,:o w take _! place if1 in/ead ( fulfill+ _! mission & be+ %9+ examples = all1 !y are se5 to give !mselves up to works ( d>kness8 ,oh6 may !y be accurs$ by !e1 ,"l1 & by all ! c\rt ( heav51 & by me1 ?9e unwor?y s]vant1 !y :o by _! bad example ov]turn & de/roy all t ?\ did/ d 9 ! beg9n+ & cease/ n to d by ! holy ,bro!rs ( ?is ,ord]4#aj ,?is passage f ,?omas ( ,celano1 ! mo/ mod]ate ( ! biograph]s1 %[s to :at a pit* ( vehem5ce & indignation ! g5tle ,francis c\ld be work$ up4 ,9 spite ( v natural ef=ts to ?r[ a veil ( res]ve ov] ! angui% ( ! f\nd] ) reg>d to ! future ( 8 spiritual family1 we f9d traces ( x at e /ep4 ,! "t w come1 he said "o day1 :5 our ,ord] w s h lo/ all good r5[n t its memb]s w be a%am$ to %[ !mselves by daylight4#aa ,he saw 9 a dream a /atue ) ! head ( pure gold1 ! brea/ & arms ( silv]1 ! body ( cry/al1 & ! legs ( iron4 ,he ?\ght x 0 an om5 ( ! future 9 /ore = 8 in/itute4#ab ,he believ$ 8 sons to be attack$ ) two maladies1 unfai?ful at once to pov]ty & humility2 b p]haps he dread$ = !m ! demon ( le>n+ m ?an ! temptation ( ri*es4 ,:at 7 8 views on ! subject ( le>n+8 ,x is probable t he nev] exam9$ ! "q z a :ole1 b he _h no difficulty 9 see+ t !re w always be /ud5ts en\gh 9 ! univ]sities1 & t if sci5tific ef=t is an homage (f]$ to ,god1 !re is no risk ( wor%ipp]s ( ?is class be+ want+2 b 9 va9 he look$ ab\t him on all sides1 he saw no "o to fulfil ! mission ( love & humility res]v$ = 8 ,ord]1 if ! fri>s came to be unfai?ful to x4 ,!re=e !re 0 some?+ m 9 8 angui% ?an ! grief ( see+ 8 hopes conf\nd$4 ,! r\t ( an army is no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! ov]?r[ ( an idea2 & 9 him an idea _h be5 inc>nat$1 ! idea ( peace & happ9ess re/or$ to mank9d1 by ! victory ( love ov] ! trammels ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,by an ineffable my/]y he felt himself ! ,man ( 8 age1 him 9 ^: body are borne all ! ef=ts1 ! desires1 ! aspirations ( m52 ) him1 9 him1 by him humanity ye>ns to be r5ew$1 & to use ! language ( ! gospel1 born aga94 ,9 ?is lies 8 true beauty4 ,by ?is1 f> m ?an by a va9 con=mity1 an ext]ior imitation1 he is a ,*ri/4 ,he also be>s ! affliction ( ! _w1 & if we w look into ! v dep?s ( 8 s\l we mu/ give ?is ^w affliction ! l>ge/ possible mean+ = him z = ,jesus4 ,by _! pity !y bore ! physical suff]+s ( humanity1 b _! ov]:elm+ angui% 0 some?+ f> diff]5t f ?is1 x 0 ! bir?-?roes ( ! div9e4 ,!y suff]1 because 9 !m ! ,^w is made fle%1 & at ,ge?semane1 z "u ! olive-trees ( ,greccio1 !y are 9 agony because _! own receiv$ !m n4 ,yes1 ,/4 ,francis =ev] felt ! travail ( ! trans=mation tak+ place 9 ! womb ( humanity1 go+ =w>d to its div9e de/9y1 & he (f]$ himself1 a liv+ oblation1 t 9 him might take place ! my/]i\s pal+5esis4 ,d we n[ und]/& 8 pa98 ,he 0 trembl+ = ! my/]y ( ! gospel4 ,!re is 9 him some?+ :i* rem9ds u ( ! tremor ( life :5 x /&s face to face ) dea?1 some?+ by s mu* ! m pa9ful z we h "h to d ) moral life4 ,?is expla9s h[ ! man :o w\ld run aft] ruffians t he might make disciples ( !m c\ld be pitiless t[>d 8 fell[-labor]s :o by an indiscreet1 h[ev] well-int5tion$1 zeal =got _! vocation & w\ld trans=m _! ,ord] into a sci5tific in/itute4 ,"u pretext ( putt+ le>n+ at ! s]vice ( ,god & ( religion1 ! ,*ur* _h fo/]$ ! wor/ ( vices1 pride4 ,accord+ to "s x is h] title to glory1 b x w be h] greate/ %ame4 ,mu/ we r5\nce ! use ( ?is weapon aga9/ ! enemies ( ! fai?8 %e asks4 ,b c y imag9e ,jesus jo9+ ! s*ool ( ! rabb9s "u ! pretext ( le>n+ h[ to reply to !m1 enfeebl+ 8 ?\ght by _! dialectic subtleties & fanta/ic exegesis8 ,he might p]haps h be5 a great doctor1 b w\ld he h become ! ,savi\r ( ! _w8 ,y feel t he w\ld n4 ,:5 we he> prea*]s go+ into raptures ov] ! m>vell\s spread ( ! gospel prea*$ by twelve poor fi%]m5 ( ,galilee1 might we n po9t out to !m t ! miracle is at once m & less a/\nd+ ?an !y say8 ,m--= among ! twelve sev]al return$ to ! %ores ( _! *>m+ lake1 & =getful ( ! my/ic net1 ?\ght ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o1 if !y ?\ght ( him at all1 only to lam5t him1 & n to raise him f ! dead by cont9u+ 8 "w 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w2 less--= if ev5 n[1 9 ^! dy+ days ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 prea*]s w\ld g =? beside !mselves ) love1 sacrific+ !mselves = ea* & all z 9 ! old days _! ,ma/] did1 ! miracle w\ld be repeat$ aga94 ,b no2 !ology has kill$ religion4 ,! cl]gy repeat to satiety t we mu/ n conf\nd ! two2 b :at good does ?is d if 9 practice we d n di/+ui% !m8 ,nev] 0 le>n+ m eag]ly covet$ ?an 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! ,empire & ! ,*ur* 7 anxi\sly ask+ ( x ! argum5ts ) :i* !y might def5d _! oppos+ claims4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 s5ds ! collection ( 8 ,decretals to ! ,univ]sity ( ,bologna & heaps favors ^u x4 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 f\nds t ( ,naples1 & ! ,pat>9i !mselves s5d _! sons f ,tuscany & ,lomb>dy to /udy at ,p>is4 ,we rememb] ! success ( ,francis's prea*+ at ,bologna1#ac 9 ,augu/1 #abbj2 at ! same p]iod he _h /rongly reprim&$ ,pietro ,/accia1 ! prov9cial m9i/] & a doctor ( laws1 n only = hav+ in/all$ ! ,bro!rs 9 a h\se :i* appe>$ to belong to !m1 b especially = hav+ organiz$ a sort ( college !re4 ,x appe>s t ! m9i/] paid no att5tion to ^! reproa*es4 ,:5 ,francis became aw>e ( 8 ob/9acy he curs$ him ) frightful vehem5ce2 8 indignation 0 s great t :51 lat] on1 ,pietro ,/accia 0 ab\t to die & 8 num]\s fri5ds came to entreat ,francis to revoke 8 mal$iction1 all _! ef=ts 7 9 va94#ad ,9 ! face ( ?is attitude ( ! f\nd] x is v difficult to believe 9 ! au!nticity ( ! note purport+ to be address$ to ,an?ony ( ,padua3 ,to my v de> ,an?ony1 bro!r ,francis1 greet+s 9 ,*ri/4 ,x pleases me t y int]pret to ! ,bro!rs ! sacr$ writ+s & !ology1 9 su* a way1 h[ev] 7con=mably to our ,rule71 t ! _s ( holy pray] be n ext+ui%$ ei!r 9 y or 9 ! o!rs1 :i* ,i desire e>ne/ly4 ,greet+s4 ,mu/ we see 9 ?is a pi\s fraud to weak5 ! numb]less cle> decl>ations ( ,francis aga9/ le>n+8 ,x is difficult to picture to ourselves ! rivalry :i* exi/$ at ?is "t betwe5 ! ,dom9icans & ,franciscans 9 ! attempt to draw ! mo/ illu/ri\s ma/]s into _! respective ,ord]s4 ,petty intrigues 7 organiz$1 9 :i* ! devotees _h ea* 8 "p1 to lead su* or su* a fam\s doctor to assume ! habit4#ae ,if ! object ( ,/4 ,francis _h be5 sci5tific1 ! fri>s ( ,bologna1 ,p>is1 & ,ox=d c\ld n h done m4#af ,! curr5t 0 s /rong t ! eld] ,ord]s 7 swept away 9 x :e!r !y w\ld or no2 tw5ty ye>s lat] ! ,ci/]cians also desir$ to become legi/s1 !ologians1 decretali/s1 & ! re/4 ,p]haps ,francis did n 9 ! outset p]ceive ! gravity ( ! dang]1 b illusion 0 no long] possible1 & f ?is "t he %[$1 z we h se51 an implacable firmness4 ,if lat] on 8 ?\ght 0 trave/i$1 ! guilty ones--! popes & mo/ ( ! m9i/]s-g5]al--7 oblig$ to resort to feats ( pre/idigitation t are n to _! cr$it4 ,suppose1 he w\ld say1 t y _h subtility & le>n+ en\gh to "k all ?+s1 t y 7 acqua9t$ ) all languages1 ! c\rses ( ! />s1 & all ! re/1 :at is !re 9 t to be pr\d (8 ,a s+le demon kn[s m on ^! subjects ?an all ! m5 9 ?is _w put toge!r4#ag ,b !re is "o ?+ t ! demon is incapable (1 & :i* is ! glory ( man3 to be fai?ful to ,god4#ah ,def9ite in=mation ) reg>d to ! *apt]s ( #abbb & #abbc is want+4 ,! propos$ modifications ( ! project ( #abba 7 discuss$ by ! m9i/]s#ai & aft]w>d def9itively settl$ by ,c>d9al ,ugol9i4 ,! latt] _h long conf]5ces on ! subject ) ,francis1 :o has himself giv5 u ! acc\nt ( !m4#bj ,! result ( !m all 0 ! ,rule ( #abbc4 ,v soon a sw>m ( m>vell\s /ories1 :i* x w\ld be t$i\s to exam9e 9 detail1 came to be clu/]$ ar\nd ! orig9 ( ?is docum5t2 all t we ne$ to reta9 ( !m is ! memory t !y keep ( ! /ruggles ( ,francis aga9/ ! m9i/]s = ! pres]vation ( 8 ideal4 ,be=e go+ to ,rome to ask = ! f9al approbation he _h m$itat$ long 9 ! solitude ( ,monte ,colombo1 ne> ,rieti4 ,?is hill 0 soon repres5t$ z a new ,s9ai1 & ! disciples pictur$ _! ma/] on its heights receiv+ ano!r ,decalogue f ! h&s ( ,jesus himself4#ba ,angelo ,cl>5o1 "o ( ! mo/ complac5t n>rators ( ^! traditions1 takes ^u himself to po9t out _! slight value2 he %[s u ,honori\s ,,iii4 modify+ an ess5tial passage 9 ! plan at ! la/ mom5t4#bb ,i h already s f> describ$ ?is ,rule t !re is no ne$ to return to ! subject "h4 ,x 0 approv$ ,novemb] #be1 #abbc4bc ,_m memories appe> to h clu/]$ ab\t ! j\rney ( ,francis to ,rome4 ,"o day ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 ^: hospitality he _h accept$1 0 mu* surpris$1 & 8 gue/s z well1 to f9d him abs5t z !y 7 ab\t to sit d[n at table1 b !y soon saw him com+1 c>ry+ a quantity ( pieces ( dry bread1 :i* he joyfully di/ribut$ to all ! noble company4 ,8 ho/1 some:at aba%$ by ! proce$+1 hav+ und]tak5 aft] ! meal to reproa* him a little1 ,francis expla9$ t he _h no "r to =get1 = a sumptu\s fea/1 ! bread ( *>ity on :i* he 0 f$ e day1 & t he desir$ ?us to %[ 8 bre?r5 t ! ri*e/ table is n wor? s mu* to ! poor 9 _s z ?is table ( ! ,"l4#bd ,we h se5 t dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ! ,bro!rs ,m9or _h be5 9 ! habit ( e>n+ _! bread by go+ out z s]vants4 ,"s ( !m1 a v small numb]1 _h cont9u$ to d s4 ,little by little1 9 ?is matt] also all _h be5 *ang$4 ,"u color ( s]v+1 ! fri>s ent]$ ! families ( ! highe/ p]sonages ( ! pontifical c\rt1 & became _! confid5tial att5dants2 in/ead ( submitt+ !mselves to all1 z ! ,rule ( #abba orda9$1 !y 7 above ev]yone4 ,entirely los+ sight ( ! apo/olic life1 !y became c\rti]s ( a special type2 _! "*1 half ecclesia/ic & half lay1 r5d]$ !m capable ( c>ry+ out a numb] ( delicate missions & ( play+ a "p 9 ! v>i$ intrigues = :i* ! great] numb] ( ,roman prelates h always seem$ to live4#be ,by way ( prote/ ,francis _h only "o weapon1 8 example4 ,"o day1 ! ,speculum relates1 ! ,bless$ ,francis came to ,rome to see ! ,bi%op ( ,o/ia 7,ugol9i71 & aft] hav+ rema9$ "s "t at 8 h\se1 he w5t also to visit ,c>d9al ,leo1 :o _h a great devotion = him4 ,x 0 w9t]2 ! cold1 ! w9d1 ! ra9 made any j\rney impossible1 s ! c>d9al begg$ him to pass a few days 9 8 h\se & to take 8 food !re1 l ! o!r poor folk :o came !re to eat4 444 ,i w give y1 he add$1 a good lodg+1 q retir$1 :]e if y l y may pray & eat4 ,!n ,bro!r ,angelo1 "o ( ! twelve fir/ disciples1 :o liv$ ) ! c>d9al1 said to ,francis3 ,!re is1 close by "h1 a great t[] /&+ by itself & v quiet2 y w be !re z 9 a h]mitage4 ,francis w5t to see x & x pleas$ him4 ,!n1 return+ to ! c>d9al1 ,monsignor1 he said1 x is possible t ,i may pass a few days ) y4 ,! latt] 0 v joyful1 & ,bro!r ,angelo w5t to prep>e ! t[] = ! ,bless$ ,francis & 8 companion4 ,b ! v fir/ night1 :5 he w\ld h slept1 ! demons came & smote him4 ,call+ !n to 8 companion1 ,bro!r1 he said1 ! demons h come & smitt5 me ) viol5ce2 rema9 ne> me1 ,i beg1 = ,i am afraid "h alone4 ,he 0 trembl+ 9 all 8 memb]s1 l "o :o has a fev]4 ,!y pass$ ! night bo? )\t sleep+4 ,! demons are commission$ ) ! *a/isem5ts ( ,god1 said ,francis2 z a pode/a s5ds 8 execution] to puni% ! crim9al1 s ,god s5ds demons1 :o 9 ?is are 8 m9i/]s4444 ,:y has he s5t !m to me8 ,p]haps ?is is ! reason3 ,! c>d9al desir$ to be k9d to me1 & ,i h truly great ne$ ( repose1 b ! ,bro!rs :o are out 9 ! _w1 suff]+ hung] & a ?\s& tribulations1 & also ^? o!rs :o are 9 h]mitages or 9 mis]able h\ses1 :5 !y he> ( my soj\rn ) a c>d9al w be mov$ to rep9e4 ',we endure all privations1' !y w say1 ':ile he has all t he c desire2 'b ,i ought to give !m a good example--t is my true mission4 444 ,e>ly next morn+1 !re=e he quitt$ ! t[]1 & hav+ told ! c>d9al all1 took leave ( him & return$ to ! h]mitage ( ,monte ,colombo1 ne> ,rieti4 ,!y ?9k me a holy man1 he said1 & see1 x ne$$ demons to ca/ me out ( prison4#bf ,?is /ory1 not)/&+ its /range color+1 %[s pla9ly h[ /rong 0 8 in/9ct = indep5d5ce4 ,to comp>e ! hospitality ( a c>d9al to an imprisonm5t6 ,he spoke bett] ?an he knew1 *>act]iz+ 9 "o ^w ! relation ( ! ,*ur* to 8 ,ord]4 ,! l>k 0 n dead2 9 spite ( cold & ! nor? w9d x gayly took its flight to ! vale ( ,rieti4 ,x 0 mid-,decemb]4 ,an ard5t desire to obs]ve to ! life ! memories ( ,*ri/mas _h tak5 possession ( ,francis4 ,he op5$ 8 he>t to "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ! knight ,giovanni di ,greccio1 :o und]took ! necess>y prep>ations4 ,! imitation ( ,jesus has 9 all times be5 ! v c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity2 b "o mu/ be s+ul>ly spiritual to be satisfi$ ) ! imitation ( ! he>t4 ,) mo/ m5 !re is ne$ t ?is %\ld be prec$$ & su/a9$ by an ext]nal imitation4 ,x is inde$ ! _s t gives life1 b x is only 9 ! c\ntry ( ! angels t "o c say t ! fle% pr(ite? no?+4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages a religi\s fe/ival 0 be=e all ?+s else a repres5tation1 m or less fai?ful1 ( ! ev5t :i* x recall$2 h5ce ! santons ( ,prov5ce1 ! processions ( ! ,palmesel1 ! ,holy ,supp] ( ,maundy ,?ursday1 ! ,road to ! ,cross ( ,good ,friday1 ! drama ( ! ,resurrection ( ,ea/]1 & ! flam+ t[ ( ,:itsunday4 ,francis 0 too ?or\ghly ,italian n to love ^! fe/ivals :]e e visible ?+ speaks ( ,god & ( 8 love4 ,! population ( ,greccio & its environs 01 !re=e1 convok$1 z well z ! ,bro!rs f ! neighbor+ mona/]ies4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! vigil ( ,*ri/mas "o might h se5 ! fai?ful ha/5+ to ! h]mitage by e pa? ) tor*es 9 _! h&s1 mak+ ! =e/s r+ ) _! joyful hymns4 ,ev]yone 0 rejoic+--,francis mo/ ( all4 ,! knight _h prep>$ a /able ) /raw1 & br\ght an ox & an ass1 ^: brea? seem$ to give w>m? to ! poor bamb9o1 b5umb$ ) ! cold4 ,at ! sight ! sa9t felt te>s ( pity b$ew 8 face2 he 0 no long] 9 ,greccio1 8 he>t 0 9 ,be?lehem4 ,f9ally !y began to *ant mat9s2 !n ! mass 0 begun1 & ,francis1 z deacon1 read ! ,gospel4 ,already he>ts 7 t\*$ by ! simple recital ( ! sacr$ leg5d 9 a voice s g5tle & s f]v5t1 b :5 he prea*$1 8 emotion soon ov]came ! audi5ce2 8 voice _h s unutt]able a t5d]ness t !y also =got ev]y?+1 & 7 liv+ ov] aga9 ! feel+ ( ! %eph]ds ( ,judea :o 9 ^? old days w5t to adore ! ,god made man1 born 9 a /able4#bg ,t[>d ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! au?or ( ! ,/abat ,mat] dolorosa1 ,giacopone dei ,todi1 t ,franciscan ( g5ius :o sp5t a "p ( 8 life 9 dungeons1 inspir$ by ! memory ( ,greccio1 compos$ ano!r ,/abat1 t ( joy1 ,/abat ,mat] speciosa4 ,?is hymn ( ,m>y beside ! mang] is n less noble ?an t ( ,m>y at ! foot ( ! cross4 ,! s5tim5t is ev5 m t5d]1 & x is h>d to expla9 its neglect except by an unju/ caprice ( fate4 ,/abat ,mat] speciosa ,juxtum fo5um gaudiosa ,dum jacebat p>vulus4 ,quae gaudebat et ridebat ,exsultabat cum videbat ,nati p>tum inclyti4 ,fac me v]e congaud]e ,jesul9o coha]]e ,donec ego vix]o4#bh ,,footnotes3 #a ,all ?is took place ) prodigi\s rapidity4 ,! dim5sions ( ! ,basilica ( ,assisi1 ! plans ( :i* 7 made 9 #abbh1 no m p]mits x to be consid]$ z a conv5tual *apel ?an ,santa-,croce 9 ,flor5ce1 ,san ,francesco 9 ,si5na1 or ! ,basilica ,san ,antonio at ,padua1 monum5ts comm5c$ betwe5 #abcj & #abdj4 ,already be=e #abde "o p>ty ( ! episcopate utt]s a cry ( al>m1 9 :i* he speaks ( no?+ less ?an ( clos+ ! door ( ! secul> *ur*es1 :i* h become useless4 ,he compla9s ) incr$ible bitt]ness t ! ,m9or & ,prea*+ ,fri>s h absolutely supplant$ ! p>o*ial cl]gy4 ,?is lett] may be f\nd 9 ,pi]re de la ,vigne1 address$ at once to ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons3 ,epi/olae1 ,basle1 #agdj1 #b vols41 vol4 i41 pp4 #bbj-bbb4 ,x is mu* to be desir$ t a critical text %\ld be giv54 ,see also ! satire aga9/ ! two new ,ord]s1 done 9 rhyme ab\t #abdb by ,pi]re de la ,vigne1 & ( :i*1 all[+ = possible exagg]ations1 ! great] numb] ( ! incid5ts _c h be5 inv5t$3 ,e4 du ,m]il1 ,poesies pop4 lat41 pp4 #aec-agg1 ,p>is1 #hvo1 #ahdg4 #b ,& n ( ! #bi?1 z ,sb>alea w h x4 ,bull4 fr41 vol4 i41 n4 #aj4 ,horoy1 vol4 iv41 col4 #abi2 ! orig9al1 /ill 9 ! ar*ives ( ,assisi1 be>s ! title3 ,datum ,anagnie #aa ,kal5das ,aprilis pontificatus no/ri anno sexto4 #c ,pot?a/1 #fhji2 ,horoy1 iv41 col4 #abi4 ,see also ! bull ,ecce ,v5it ,deus ( ,july #ad1 #abbg2 ,l4 ,auvray3 ,regi/res de ,gregoire ,,ix41 no4 #abi2 cf4 #aec2 ,pot?a/1 #hjbg & #hjbh1 #hahi4 #d ,he _h f9i%$ 8 mission z legate 9 ,lomb>dy t[>d ! close ( ,septemb]1 #abba 7see 8 regi/]2 cf4 ,boehm]1 ,acta imp4 sel4 doc41 #iea74 ,9 ! spr+ ( #abbb we f9d him cont9ually ne> ! pope at ,anagni1 ,v]oli1 ,alatri 7,pot?a/1 #fhjg1 #fhab1 #fhdi74 ,! ,holy ,see _h /ill at t "t a m>k$ pr$ilection = ! ,prea*]s2 ! v trite privilege ( p[] to celebrate ! (fices 9 times ( int]dict _h be5 accord$ !m ,m>* #g1 #abbb1 b in/ead ( ! =mula usual 9 su* cases1 a revis$ =m _h be5 made expressly = !m1 ) a h&some eulogy4 ,ripolli1 ,bull4 ,pra$41 t4 i41 p4 #ae4 #e #b ,cel41 #c1 #ic3 ,subtrahebat se a consortio fratrum4 #f ,x is ne$less to say t local traditions1 9 ?is case1 ?\gh z to detail !y mu/ be accept$ only ) great res]ve1 yet on ! :ole are surely true4 ,! geography ( ,/4 ,francis's life is yet to be made4 #g #b ,cel41 #c1 #ei2 ,bon41 #fj2 ,con=m41 #abb;b1 #b4 #h #b ,cel41 #c1 #e2 ,spec41 #ab;a2 ,con=m41 #afi;b1 #b4 #i ,eccl41 #f4 ,vide ,lieb]mann's text1 ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bh1 p4 #ffc4 #aj #b ,cel41 #c1 #ic2 ,bon41 #ajd & #aje2 ,con=m41 #aja;a1 #b4 #aa #b ,cel41 #c1 #ic2 ,spec41 #di;b2 #ahb;a2 ,con=m41 #ahb;a1 #a2 ,tribul41 fo #e;a2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ih2 #aac2 #aae2 #a ,cel41 #bh1 #ej2 #if2 #ajc2 #ajd2 #ajh2 #aaa2 #aah4 #ab #b ,cel41 #c1 #bg2 ,spec41 #ch;b2 ,con=m41 #aha;b1 #a2 ,tribul41 #g;b4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #bbj;b2 ,con=m41 #ajc;b4 #ac ,francis's successors 7 ne>ly all )\t exception /ud5ts ( ,bologna4 ,pietro di ,catana 0 doctor ( laws1 z also ,giovanni ,p>5ti 7,giord41 #ea74--;,elias _h be5 scriptor at ,bologna4--,alb]to ( ,pisa _h be5 m9i/] !re 7,eccl41 #f74--;,aymon _h be5 read] !re 7,eccl41 #f74--;,cresc5tius wrote works on jurisprud5ce 7,con=m41 #aba;b1 #a1 etc41 etc474 #ad ,?is "n _c be w>rant$2 he is call$ ,giovanni di ,las*accia 9 a passage ( ! ,con=mities 7#ajd;a1 #a72 ,pietro ,s*iaccia 9 ! ,italian ,,ms4 ( ! ,tribulations 7fo #ge;a72 ,petrus ,/acia 9 ! ,laur5t9ian ,,ms4 7#ac;b2 cf4 ,ar*iv41 ii41 p4 #beh74 ,tribul41 #ac;b2 ,spec41 #ahd;b4 ,?is /ory has be5 mu* amplifi$ 9 o!r places4 ,spec41 #abf;a2 ,con=m41 #ajd;b1 #a4 #ae ,vide ,eccl41 #c3 ,hi/ory ( ! entrance ( ,adam ( ,ox=d into ! ,ord]4 ,cf41 ,*>tul>ium ,univ4 ,p>41 t4 i41 nos4 #dg & #di4 #af ,eccle/on's entire *ronicle is a liv+ witness to ?is4 #ag ,admonitio1 v42 cf4 ,con=m41 #ada;a4 ,comp>e ! ,con/itutiones antiquae 7,speculum1 ,mor91 iii41 fo #aie;b-#bjf7 ) ! ,rule4 ,f ! op5+ *apt]s ! contradiction is app>5t3 ,ord9amus quod nullus recipiatur 9 ord9e no/ro nisi sit talis cl]icus qui sit compet5t] in/ructus 9 grammatica vel logica2 aut nisi sit talis laicus de cujus +ressu esset valde celebris et edificatio 9 populo et 9 cl]o4 ,?is is surely f> f ! _s ( him :o said3 ,et quicumque v5]it amicus vel adv]s>ius fur vel latro b5igne recipiatur4 ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 vii4 ,see also ! ,exposition ( ! ,rule ( ,bonav5tura4 ,speculum1 ,mor91 iii41 fo #ba-dj4 #ah ,^u ,francis's attitude t[>d le>n+ see ,tribul41 ,laur41 #ad;b2 ,spec41 #ahd;a2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #h2 #dh2 #ajj2 #aaf2 #aai2 #abj-abd4 ,bon41 *ap4 #aeb1 naturally expresses only ,bonav5tura's views4 ,see especially ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 xvii42 ( #abbc1 cap4 x4 #ai ,spec41 #g;b3 ,fecit ,franciscus regulam quam papa ,honorius confirmavit cum bulla1 de qua regula multa fu]unt extracta p] m9i/ros contra voluntatem b4 ,francisci4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #acf4 #bj ,bull ,quo elongati ( ,septemb] #bh1 #abcj2 ,sb>alea1 i41 p4 #ef4 #ba ,bon41 #ee & #ef #c ,soc41 #fb2 ,spec41 #gf2 #abd;a2 ,tribul41 ,laur41 #ag;b-#ai;b2 ,ub]t9i1 ,arbor4 ,v41 #e2 ,con=m41 #hh;a1 #b4 #bb ,tribul41 ,laur41 #ai;a2 ,ar*iv41 t4 iii41 p4 #fja4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #fch;e4 #bc ,pot?a/1 #gajh4--,! "w ( ?is bull 0 complet$ by t ( ,decemb] #ah1 #abbc4 7,! orig9al ( ! ,sacro ,conv5to be>s ,datum ,lat]ani ,,xv4 ,kal4 jan47 ,fratrem ,m9orum3 ,pot?a/1 #gabc4 #bd #b ,cel41 #c1 #ai2 ,bon41 #ie2 ,spec41 #ah;b2 ,con=m41 #aga;a1 #a4 #be #b ,cel41 #c1 #fa & #fb4 ,cf4 ,eccl41 #f1 ! acc\nt ( ,rod4 de ,rosa4 #bf ,spec41 #dg;b ff42 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fa2 ,bon41 #hd & #he4 #bg #a ,cel41 #hd-hg2 ,bon41 #adi4 #bh ,?is little poem 0 publi%$ entire by ,m4 ,ozanam 9 vol4 v4 ( 8 works1 p4 #ahd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,/igmata #abbd ,! upp] valley ( ! ,arno =ms 9 ! v c5tre ( ,italy a c\ntry ap>t1 ! ,cas5t9o1 :i* ?r\gh c5turies _h its own life1 some:at l an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean4 ,! riv] fl[s out f x by a n>r[ defile at ! s\?1 & on all o!r sides ! ,ap5n9es encircle x ) a girdle ( inaccessible m\nta9s4#a ,?is pla91 "s t5 leagues 9 diamet]1 is enliv5$ ) picturesque villages1 f9ely po/$ on hillocks at ! base ( :i* fl[s ! /ream2 "h are ,bibbi5a1 ,poppi1 ! antique ,rom5a sung by ,dante1 ! ,camaldoli1 & up !re on ! cre/ ,*iusi1 long ago ! capital ( ! c\ntry1 ) ! ru9s ( ,c\nt ,orl&o's ca/le4 ,! p are *>m+ & ref9$2 ! m\nta9s h %elt]$ !m f w>s1 & on e side we see ! signs ( labor1 prosp]ity1 a g5tle gayety4 ,at any mom5t we might fancy ourselves transport$ into "s valley ( ! ,viv>ais or ,prov5ce4 ,! vegetation on ! bord]s ( ! ,arno is ?or\ghly tropical2 ! olive & ! mulb]ry m>ry ) ! v9e4 ,on ! l[] hill-slopes are :eat fields divid$ by mead[s2 !n come ! *e/nuts & ! oaks1 high] /ill ! p9e1 ! fir1 ! l>*1 & above all ! b>e rock4 ,among all ! peaks !re is "o :i* especially attracts ! att5tion2 in/ead ( a r\nd$ & s to say flatt5$ top1 x uplifts itself sl5d]1 pr\d1 isolat$2 x is ! ,v]na4#b ,"o might ?9k x an imm5se rock fall5 f ! sky4 ,x is 9 fact an erratic block set !re1 a little l a petrifi$ ,noah's ark on ! summit ( ,m\nt ,ar>at4 ,! basaltic mass1 p]p5dicul> on all sides1 is cr[n$ ) a plateau plant$ ) p9es & gigantic bee*es1 & accessible only by a footpa?4#c ,su* 0 ! solitude :i* ,orl&o _h giv5 to ,francis1 & to :i* ,francis _h already _m a "t come = quiet & contemplation4 ,seat$ ^u ! few /ones ( ! ,p5na1#d he he>d only ! :isp]+ ( ! w9d among ! trees1 b 9 ! spl5dor ( ! sunrise or ! sunset he c\ld see ne>ly all ! di/ricts 9 :i* he _h s[n ! se$ ( ! gospel3 ! ,romagna & ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 los+ !mselves on ! horizon 9 ! waves ( ! ,adriatic2 ,umbria1 & f>!r away1 ,tuscany1 vani%+ 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! impression on ?is height is n cru%+ l t :i* "o has 9 ! ,alps3 a feel+ inf9itely calm & sweet fl[s ov] y2 y are high en\gh to judge ( m5 f above1 n high en\gh to =get _! exi/5ce4 ,besides ! wide horizons1 ,francis f\nd !re o!r objects ( delight2 9 ?is =e/1 "o ( ! noble/ 9 ,europe1 live legions ( birds1 :i* nev] hav+ be5 hunt$ are surpris+ly tame4#e ,subtile p]fumes arise f ! gr\nd1 & 9 ! mid/ ( borage & li*5s frail & exquisite cyclam5s blossom 9 fanta/ic v>iety4 ,he desir$ to return ?i!r aft] ! *apt] ( #abbd4 ,?is meet+1 held 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 0 ! la/ at :i* he 0 pres5t4 ,! new ,rule 0 !re put into ! h&s ( ! m9i/]s1 & ! mission to ,engl& decid$ ^u4 ,x 0 9 ! e>ly days ( ,augu/ t ,francis took 8 way t[>d ,v]na4 ,) him 7 only a few ,bro!rs1 ,masseo1 ,angelo1 & ,leo4 ,! fir/ _h be5 *>g$ to direct ! little b&1 & sp>e him all duties except t ( pray]4#f ,!y _h be5 two days on ! road :5 x became necess>y to seek = an ass = ,francis1 :o 0 too mu* enfeebl$ to g f>!r on foot4 ,! ,bro!rs1 9 ask+ = ?is s]vice1 _h n conceal$ ! "n ( _! ma/]1 & ! peasant1 to :om !y _h address$ !mselves respectfully1 ask$ leave to guide ! bea/ himself4 ,aft] go+ on a c]ta9 "t1 ,is x true1 he said1 t y are ,bro!r ,francis ( ,assisi8 ,v well1 he w5t on1 aft] ! answ] 9 ! affirmative1 apply y\rself to be z good z folk say y are1 t !y may n be deceiv$ 9 _! expectation2 t is my advice4 ,francis imm$iately got d[n f 8 bea/ &1 pro/rat+ himself be=e ! peasant1 ?ank$ him w>mly4#g ,mean:ile ! w>me/ h\r ( ! day _h come on4 ,! peasant1 exhau/$ ) fatigue1 little by little =got 8 surprise & joy2 "o does n feel ! burn+ ( ?ir/ ! less = walk+ beside a sa9t4 ,he _h begun to regret 8 k9dness1 :5 ,francis po9t$ ) 8 f+] to a spr+1 unkn[n till !n1 & :i* has nev] s9ce be5 se54#h ,at la/ !y arriv$ at ! foot ( ! la/ precipice4 ,be=e scal+ x !y paus$ to re/ a little "u a great oak1 & imm$iately flocks ( birds ga!r$ ar\nd !m1 te/ify+ _! joy by songs & flutt]+s ( _! w+s4 ,hov]+ ar\nd ,francis1 !y alight$ on 8 head1 8 %\ld]s1 or 8 arms4 ,i see1 he said joyfully to 8 companions1 t x is pleas+ to our ,"l ,jesus t we live 9 ?is solit>y m\nt1 s9ce our bro!rs & si/]s ! birds h %[n su* great delight at our com+4#i ,?is m\nta9 0 at once 8 ,tabor & 8 ,calv>y4 ,we mu/ n wond]1 !n1 t leg5ds h fl\ri%$ "h ev5 m num]\sly ?an at any o!r p]iod ( 8 life2 ! great] numb] ( !m h ! exquisite *>m ( ! little fl[]s1 rosy & p]fum$1 :i* hide !mselves mode/ly at ! feet ( ! fir-trees ( ,v]na4 ,! summ] nights up !re are ( unp>allel$ beauty3 nature1 /ifl$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 seems !n to brea! anew4 ,9 ! trees1 beh9d ! rocks1 on ! turf1 a ?\s& voices rise up1 sweetly h>moniz+ ) ! murmur ( ! great woods2 b among all ^! voices !re is n "o :i* =ces itself ^u ! att5tion1 x is a melody :i* y enjoy )\t li/5+4 ,y let y\r eyes w&] ov] ! l&scape1 /ill = long h\rs illum9$ ) hi]atic t9ts by ! dep>t$ /> ( day1 & ! peaks ( ! ,ap5n9es1 flood$ ) ra9b[ hues1 drop d[n into y\r s\l :at ! ,franciscan poet call$ ! no/algia ( ! ev]la/+ hills4#aj ,m ?an anyone ,francis felt x4 ,! v ev5+ ( _! arrival1 seat$ ^u a m\nd 9 ! mid/ ( 8 ,bro!rs1 he gave !m 8 directions = _! dwell+-place4 ,! quiet ( nature w\ld h suffic$ to s[ 9 _! he>ts "s g]ms ( sadness1 & ! voice ( ! ma/] h>moniz$ ) ! emotion ( ! la/ gleams ( light2 he spoke ) !m ( 8 approa*+ dea?1 ) ! regret ( ! labor] ov]tak5 by ! %ades ( ev5+ be=e ! completion ( 8 task1 ) ! sighs ( ! fa!r :o trembles = ! future ( 8 *ildr54#aa ,= himself he desir$ f ?is "t to prep>e himself = dea? by pray] & contemplation2 & he begg$ !m to protect him f all intrusion4 ,orl&o1#ab :o _h already come to bid !m welcome & (f] 8 s]vices1 _h at 8 reque/ ha/ily caus$ a hut ( b\ghs to be made1 at ! foot ( a great bee*4 ,x 0 !re t he desir$ to dwell1 at a /one's ?r[ f ! cells inhabit$ by 8 companions4 ,bro!r ,leo 0 *>g$ to br+ him ea* day t :i* he w\ld ne$4 ,he retir$ to x imm$iately aft] ?is memorable conv]sation1 b sev]al days lat]1 emb>rass$ no d\bt by ! pi\s curiosity ( ! fri>s1 :o wat*$ all 8 movem5ts1 he w5t f>!r into ! woods1 & on ,assumption ,day he !re began ! ,l5t :i* he desir$ to obs]ve 9 honor ( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael & ! cele/ial ho/4 ,g5ius has its mode/y z well z love4 ,! poet1 ! arti/1 ! sa9t1 ne$ to be alone :5 ! ,_s comes to move !m4 ,e ef=t ( ?\ght1 ( imag9ation1 or ( w is a pray]1 & "o does n pray 9 public4 ,alas = ! man :o has n 9 8 inmo/ he>t "s secret :i* may n be told1 because x _c be spok51 & because if x 7 spok5 x c\ld n be und]/ood4 ,,secretum ,,meum ,,mihi6 ,jesus felt x deeply3 ! raptures ( ,tabor are brief2 !y may n be told4 ,be=e ^! s\l my/]ies mat]iali/s & devotees (t5 meet & are ( "o m9d 9 dem&+ precision 9 ^? ?+s :i* c ! lea/ endure x4 ,! believ] asks 9 :at spot on ! ,v]na ,francis receiv$ ! /igmata2 :e!r ! s]aph :i* appe>$ to him 0 ,jesus or a cele/ial _s2 :at words 7 spok5 z he impr9t$ !m ^u him2#ac & he no m und]/&s t h\r :5 ,francis swoon$ ) woe & love ?an ! mat]iali/1 :o asks to see ) 8 eyes & t\* ) 8 h&s ! gap+ w\nd4 ,let u try to avoid ^! extremes4 ,let u he> :at ! docum5ts give u1 & n seek to d !m viol5ce1 to wre/ f !m :at !y d n tell1 :at !y _c tell4 ,!y %[ u ,francis di/ress$ = ! future ( ! ,ord]1 & ) an inf9ite desire = new spiritual progress4 ,he 0 consum$ ) ! fev] ( sa9ts1 t ne$ ( immolation :i* wrung f ,/4 ,!resa ! passionate cry1 ,ei!r to suff] or to die6 ,he 0 bitt]ly reproa*+ himself ) n hav+ be5 f\nd wor?y ( m>tyrdom1 n hav+ be5 able to give himself = ,him :o gave himself = u4 ,we t\* "h ^u "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful & my/]i\s elem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,we may v easily n und]/& x1 b we may n = all t d5y x4 ,x is ! root ( true my/icism4#ad ,! really new ?+ t ,jesus br\ght into ! _w 0 t1 feel+ himself 9 p]fect union ) ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 he call$ all m5 to unite !mselves to him & ?r\gh him to ,god3 ,i am ! v9e1 & ye are ! bran*es2 he :o abides 9 me & ,i 9 him br+s =? mu* fruit1 = ap>t f me ye c d no?+4 ,! ,*ri/ n only prea*$ ?is union1 he made x felt4 ,on ! ev5+ ( 8 la/ day he in/itut$ its sacram5t1 & !re is probably no sect :i* d5ies t communion is at once ! symbol1 ! pr9ciple1 & ! end ( ! religi\s life4 ,= eighte5 c5turies ,*ri/ians :o diff] on ev]y?+ else _c b look ) "o accord to him :o 9 ! upp] *amb] in/itut$ ! rite ( ! new times4 ,! night be=e he di$ he took ! bread & brake x & di/ribut$ x to !m1 say+1 ,,take ,,& ,,eat1 ,,= ,,?is ,,is ,,my ,,body4 ,jesus1 :ile pres5t+ union ) himself z ! v f\ndation ( ! new life1#ae took c>e to po9t out to 8 bre?r5 t ?is union 0 be=e all ?+s a %>+ 9 8 "w1 9 8 /ruggles1 & 8 suff]+s3 ,let him t w\ld be my disciple take up 8 cross & foll[ me4 ,/4 ,paul ent]$ s p]fectly into ! ,ma/]'s ?\ght 9 ?is respect t he utt]$ a few ye>s lat] ?is cry ( a my/icism t has nev] be5 equall$3 ,i h be5 crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 yet ,i live 444 or r1 x is n ,i :o live1 b ,*ri/ :o live? 9 me4 ,?is utt]ance is n an isolat$ exclamation ) him1 x is ! v c5tre ( 8 religi\s consci\sness1 & he goes s f> z to say1 at ! risk ( sc&aliz+ _m a ,*ri/ian3 ,i fill up 9 my body t :i* is lack+ ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 = 8 body's sake1 :i* is ! ,*ur*4 ,p]haps x has n be5 useless to ent] into ^! ?\ghts1 to %[ to :at po9t ,francis dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 :]e he r5ews 9 8 body ! passion ( ,*ri/1 is alli$ to ! apo/olic tradition4 ,9 ! solitudes ( ! ,v]na1 z =m]ly at ,/4 ,damian1 ,jesus pres5t$ himself to him "u 8 =m ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o1 ! man ( sorr[s4#af ,t ?is int]c\rse has be5 describ$ to u 9 a poetic & inexact =m is no?+ surpris+4 ,x is ! contr>y t w\ld be surpris+4 ,9 ! p>oxysms ( div9e love !re are ineffabilia :i*1 f> f be+ able to relate !m or make !m und]/ood1 we c h>dly recall to our own m9ds4 ,francis on ! ,v]na 0 ev5 m absorb$ ?an usual 9 8 ard5t desire to suff] = ,jesus & ) him4 ,8 days w5t by divid$ betwe5 ex]cises ( piety 9 ! humble sanctu>y on ! m\nta9-top & m$itation 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/4 ,x ev5 happ5$ to him to =get ! s]vices1 & to rema9 sev]al days alone 9 "s cave ( ! rock1 go+ ov] 9 8 he>t ! memories ( ,golgo?a4 ,at o!r times he w\ld rema9 = long h\rs at ! foot ( ! alt>1 read+ & re-read+ ! ,gospel1 & entreat+ ,god to %[ him ! way 9 :i* he ought to walk4#ag ,! book almo/ always op5$ ( itself to ! /ory ( ! ,passion1 & ?is simple co9cid5ce1 ?\gh easy en\gh to expla91 0 en\gh ( itself to excite him4 ,! vision ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o took ! full] possession ( 8 faculties z ! day ( ! ,elevation ( ! ,holy ,cross drew ne> 7,septemb] #ad?71 a fe/ival n[ relegat$ to ! backgr\nd1 b 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury celebrat$ ) a f]vor & zeal v natural = a solemnity :i* might be consid]$ ! patronal fe/ival ( ! ,crusades4 ,francis d\bl$ 8 fa/+s & pray]s1 q trans=m$ into ,jesus by love & compassion1 says "o ( ! leg5ds4 ,he pass$ ! night be=e ! fe/ival alone 9 pray]1 n f> f ! h]mitage4 ,9 ! morn+ he _h a vision4 ,9 ! rays ( ! ris+ sun1 :i* aft] ! *ill ( night came to revive 8 body1 he sudd5ly p]ceiv$ a /range =m4 ,a s]aph1 ) outspread w+s1 flew t[>d him f ! edge ( ! horizon1 & ba!d 8 s\l 9 raptures unutt]able4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! vision appe>$ a cross1 & ! s]aph 0 nail$ ^u x4 ,:5 ! vision disappe>$1 he felt %>p suff]+s m+l+ ) ! ec/asy ( ! fir/ mom5ts4 ,/irr$ to ! v dep?s ( 8 be+1 he 0 anxi\sly seek+ ! mean+ ( x all1 :5 he p]ceiv$ ^u 8 body ! /igmata ( ! ,crucifi$4#ah ,,footnotes3 #a ,! passes t give access to ! ,cas5t9o h all ab\t "o ?\s& metres ( altitude4 ,until ! mo/ rec5t ye>s !re 0 no road prop]ly s call$4 #b ,9 ,france ,m\nt ,aiguille1 "o ( ! sev5 wond]s ( ,dauph9y1 pres5ts ! same aspect & ! same geological =mation4 ,/4 ,odile also recalls ! ,v]na1 b is v mu* small]4 #c ,! summit has an altitude ( #abfi metres4 ,9 ,italian !y call x ! ,v]na1 9 ,lat9 ,alv]nus4 ,! etymology1 :i* has te/$ ! acut5ess ( ! le>n$1 appe>s to be v simple2 ! v]b v]n>e1 us$ by ,dante1 signifies make cold1 freeze4 #d ,"n ( ! highe/ po9t on ! plateau4 ,h>dly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r f ! mona/]y1 & n two h\rs & a half1 z ^! wor?y an*orites believ$4 ,?is is said = ! b5efit ( t\ri/s 444 & pilgrims4 #e ,! =e/ has be5 pres]v$ z a relic4 ,alex&] ,,iv4 fulm9at$ excommunication aga9/ :omev] %\ld cut d[n ! firs ( ,v]na4 ,z to ! birds1 x is en\gh to pass a day at ! mona/]y to be amaz$ at _! numb] & v>iety4 ,m4 ,c4 ,b5i has begun at ,/ia 79 ,cas5t9o7 an orni?ological collection :i* already includes m ?an five hundr$ & fifty v>ieties4 #f #a ,cel41 #ia2 ,bon41 #ahh2 ,fior4 i41 consid4 #g ,fior4 i41 consid42 ,con=m41 #agf;b1 #a4 #h ,cel41 #b1 #ae2 ,bon41 #ajj4 ,fior4 i41 consid4 #i ,bon41 #aah4 ,fior4 i41 consid4 #aj #b ,cel41 #ajj4 #aa ,fior4 ii41 consid4 #ab ,! ru9s ( ! ca/le ( ,*iusi are ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r f ,v]na4 #ac ,fior4 iv4 & v4 consid4 ,^! two consid]ations appe> to be ! result ( a rework+ ( ! primitive docum5t4 ,! latt] no d\bt includ$ ! ?ree =m]1 :i* ! cont9u] has int]polat$ & l5g!n$4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #bca;a1 #a2 ,spec41 #ia;b1 #ib;a1 #ig2 ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #hfj ff4 #ad ,9 curr5t language we (t5 include "u ! ^w my/icism all ! t5d5cies--(t5 f> f ,*ri/ian--:i* give pr$om9ance 9 ! religi\s life to vague poetic elem5ts1 impulses ( ! he>t4 ,! "n ( my/ic ought to be appli$ only to ^? ,*ri/ians to :om imm$iate relations ) ,jesus =m ! basis ( ! religi\s life4 ,9 ?is s5se ,/4 ,paul 7^: !ologico-philosophical sy/em is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ef=ts ( ! human m9d to expla9 s9 & r$emption7 is at ! same "t ! pr9ce ( my/ics4 #ae ,he did n desire to in/itute a religion1 = he felt ! vanity ( obs]vances & dogmas4 7,! apo/les cont9u$ to frequ5t ! ,jewi% temple4 ,acts1 ii41 #df2 iii41 #a2 v41 #be2 xxi41 #bf47 ,he desir$ to inoculate ! _w ) a new life4 #af #b ,cel41 #c1 #bi2 cf4 #a ,cel41 #aae2 #c ,soc41 #ac & #ad2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #f2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #abc & #aca2 ,bon41 #eg2 #abd2 #bjc2 #bjd2 #bbd2 #bbe2 #cji2 #caj2 #caa2 ,con=m41 #bbi;b ff4 #ag #a ,cel41 #ia-id2 ,bon41 #ahi1 #aij4 #ah ,see ! annotations ( ,bro!r ,leo ^u ! autograph ( ,/4 ,francis 7,crit4 ,/udy1 p4 #ceg7 & #a ,cel41 #id1 #ie2 ,bon41 #aia1 #aib1 #aic 7#c ,soc41 #fi1 #gj72 ,fior4 iii4 consid4 ,cf4 ,auct4 vit4 sec42 ,a4 ,,ss4 p4 #fdi4 ,x is to be not$ t ,?omas ( ,celano 7#a ,cel41 #ie71 z well z all ! primitive docum5ts1 describe ! /igmata z be+ fle%y excresc5ces1 recall+ 9 =m & color ! nails ) :i* ! limbs ( ,jesus 7 pi]c$4 ,no "o speaks ( ^? gap+1 sangu9e\s w\nds :i* 7 imag9$ lat]4 ,only ! m>k at ! side 0 a w\nd1 :5ce at times exud$ a little blood4 ,f9ally1 ,?omas ( ,celano says t aft] ! s]aphic vision began to appe>1 coep]unt app>]e signa clavorum4 ,vide ,app5dix3 ,/udy ( ! ,/igmata4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,canticle ,,( ,,! ,,sun ,autumn1 #abbd-;,autumn1 #abbe ,! morn+ aft] ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,day 7,septemb] #cj1 #abbd7 ,francis quitt$ ,v]na & w5t to ,portiuncula4 ,he 0 too mu* exhau/$ to ?9k ( mak+ ! j\rney on foot1 & ,c\nt ,orl&o put a horse at 8 disposal4 ,we c imag9e ! emotion ) :i* he bade adieu to ! m\nta9 on :i* _h be5 unfold$ ! drama ( love & pa9 :i* _h consummat$ ! union ( 8 entire be+ ) ! ,crucifi$ ,"o4 ,amor1 amor1 ,gesu desid]oso1 ,amor voglio morire1 ,te abraz&o ,amor1 dolce ,gesu1 meo sposo1 ,amor1 amor1 la morte te dom&o1 ,amor1 amor1 ,gesu si pietoso ,tu me te dai 9 te trans=mato ,p5sa *'io vo spasm&o ,non s o io me sia ,gesu sp]anza mia ,ormai va1 dormi 9 amore4 ,s sang ,giacopone dei ,todi 9 ! raptures ( a l love4#a ,if we are to believe a rec5tly publi%$ docum5t1#b ,bro!r ,masseo1 "o ( ^? :o rema9$ on ! ,v]na1 made a writt5 acc\nt ( ! ev5ts ( ?is day4 ,!y set out e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,francis1 aft] hav+ giv5 8 directions to ! ,bro!rs1 _h _h a look & a ^w = ev]y?+ ar\nd2 = ! rocks1 ! fl[]s1 ! trees1 = bro!r hawk1 a privileg$ "* :i* 0 au?oriz$ to ent] 8 cell at all times1 & :i* came e morn+1 ) ! fir/ glimm] ( dawn1 to rem9d him ( ! h\r ( s]vice4#c ,!n ! little b& set =? ^u ! pa? lead+ to ,monte-,acuto4#d ,arriv$ at ! gap f :5ce "o gets ! la/ sight ( ! ,v]na1 ,francis alight$ f 8 horse1 & kneel+ ^u ! e>?1 8 face turn$ t[>d ! m\nta91 ,adieu1 he said1 m\nta9 ( ,god1 sacr$ m\nta91 mons coagulatus1 mons p+uis1 mons 9 quo b5e placitum e/ ,deo habit>e2 adieu ,monte-,v]na1 may ,god bless !e1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s2 abide 9 peace2 we %all nev] see "o ano!r m4 ,has n ?is artless sc5e a delici\s & poignant sweetness8 ,he mu/ surely h utt]$ ^! words1 9 :i* sudd5ly ! ,italian does n suffice & ,francis is oblig$ to resort to ! my/ical language ( ! brevi>y to express 8 feel+s4 ,a few m9utes lat] ! rock ( ! ec/acy _h disappe>$4 ,! desc5t into ! valley is rapid4 ,! ,bro!rs _h decid$ to sp5d ! night at ,monte-,casale1 ! little h]mitage above ,borgo ,san-,sepolcro4 ,all ( !m1 ev5 ^? :o 7 to rema9 on ! ,v]na1 7 /ill foll[+ _! ma/]4 ,z = him1 absorb$ 9 ?\ght he _h become entirely oblivi\s to :at 0 go+ on1 & did n ev5 p]ceive ! noisy en?usiasm :i* 8 passage ar\s$ 9 ! num]\s villages along ! ,tib]4 ,at ,borgo ,san-,sepolcro he receiv$ a real ovation )\t ev5 !n com+ to himself2 b :5 !y _h "s "t quitt$ ! t[n1 he seem$ sudd5ly to awake1 & ask$ 8 companion if !y ought n soon to arrive !re4#e ,! fir/ ev5+ at ,monte ,casale 0 m>k$ by a miracle4 ,francis heal$ a fri> :o 0 possess$4#f ,! next morn+1 hav+ decid$ to pass sev]al days 9 ?is h]mitage1 he s5t ! bro!rs back to ! ,v]na1 & ) !m ,c\nt ,orl&o's horse4 ,9 "o ( ! villages ?r\gh :i* !y _h pass$ ! day be=e a woman _h be5 ly+ sev]al days betwe5 dea? & life unable to give bir? to h] *ild4 ,^? ab\t h] _h only le>n$ ( ! passage ( ! sa9t ?r\gh _! village :5 he 0 too f> di/ant to be ov]tak54 ,we may judge ( ! joy ( ^! poor p :5 ! rumor 0 spread t he 0 ab\t to return4 ,!y w5t to meet him1 & 7 t]ribly disappo9t$ on f9d+ only ! fri>s4 ,sudd5ly an idea occurr$ to !m3 tak+ ! bridle ( ! horse consecrat$ by ! t\* ( ,francis's h&s1 !y c>ri$ x to ! suff]]1 :o1 hav+ laid x ^u h] body1 gave bir? to h] *ild )\t ! slighte/ pa94#g ,?is miracle1 e/abli%$ by n>ratives entirely au!ntic1 %[s ! degree ( en?usiasm felt by ! p = ! p]son ( ,francis4 ,z = him1 aft] a few days at ,monte-,casale1 he set out ) ,bro!r ,leo = ,citta di ,ca/ello4 ,he !re heal$ a woman suff]+ f frightful n]v\s disord]s1 & rema9$ an entire mon? prea*+ 9 ?is city & its environs4 ,:5 he once m set =? w9t] _h almo/ clos$ 94 ,a peasant l5t him 8 ass1 b ! roads 7 s bad t !y 7 unable to rea* any sort ( %elt] be=e nightfall4 ,! unhappy travell]s 7 oblig$ to pass ! night "u a rock2 ! %elt] 0 m ?an rudim5t>y1 ! w9d drift$ ! sn[ 9 ^u !m1 & ne>ly froze ! unlucky peasant1 :o ) abom9able oa?s heap$ curses on ,francis2 b ! latt] repli$ ) su* *e]fulness t he made him at la/ =get bo? ! cold & 8 bad humor4 ,on ! morr[ ! sa9t rea*$ ,portiuncula4 ,he seems to h made only a brief halt !re1 & to h set =? aga9 almo/ imm$iately to evangelize ,s\!rn ,umbria4 ,x is impossible to foll[ him 9 ?is mission4 ,bro!r ,elias accompani$ him1 b s feeble 0 he t ,elias c\ld n conceal 8 uneas9ess z to 8 life4#h ,ev] s9ce 8 return f ,syria 7,augu/1 #abbj71 he _h be5 gr[+ cont9ually weak]1 b 8 f]vor _h increas$ f day to day4 ,no?+ c\ld *eck him1 nei!r suff]+ nor ! entreaties ( ! ,bro!rs2 seat$ on an ass he w\ld sometimes g ov] ?ree or f\r villages 9 "o day4 ,su* excessive toil br\ght on an infirmity ev5 m pa9ful ?an any he _h hi!rto suff]$ f3 he 0 ?reat5$ ) loss ( sight4#i ,mean:ile a s$ition _h =c$ ,honorius ,,iii4 to leave ,rome 7end ( ,april1 #abbe74 ,aft] pass+ a few weeks at ,tivoli1 he e/abli%$ himself at ,rieti1 :]e he rema9$ until ! end ( #abbf4aj ,! pope's arrival _h drawn to ?is city1 ) ! entire pontifical c\rt1 sev]al physicians ( r5[n2 ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 :o _h come 9 ! pope's tra91 he>+ ( ,francis's malady1 summon$ him to ,rieti = treatm5t4 ,b not)/&+ ,bro!r ,elias's entreaties ,francis hesitat$ a long "t z to accept+ ! invitation4#aa ,x seem$ to him t a sick man has b "o ?+ to d2 place himself purely & simply 9 ! h&s ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,:at is pa9 to a s\l t is fix$ 9 ,god6#ab ,elias1 h[ev]1 at la/ ov]came 8 objections1 & ! j\rney 0 det]m9$ ^u1 b fir/ ,francis desir$ to g & take leave ( ,cl>a1 & enjoy a little re/ ne> h]4 ,he rema9$ at ,/4 ,damian mu* long] ?an he _h propos$ to d#ac 7end ( ,july to beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 #abbe74 ,8 arrival at ?is belov$ mona/]y 0 m>k$ by a t]rible aggravation ( 8 malady4 ,= fifte5 days he 0 s completely bl9d t he c\ld n ev5 di/+ui% light4 ,! c>e lavi%$ ^u him produc$ no result1 s9ce e day he pass$ long h\rs 9 weep+--te>s ( p5it5ce1 he said1 b also ( regret4#ad ,ah1 h[ diff]5t !y 7 f ^? te>s ( 8 mom5ts ( inspiration & emotion1 :i* _h fl[$ ov] a c\nt5ance all illum9$ ) joy6 ,!y _h se5 him1 9 su* mom5ts1 take up two bits ( wood1 &1 accompany+ himself ) ?is ru/ic viol91 improvise ,fr5* songs 9 :i* he w\ld p\r out ! abundance ( 8 he>t4#ae ,b ! radiance ( g5ius & hope _h become dimm$4 ,ra*el weeps = h] *ildr51 & w n be com=t$ because !y are n4 ,!re are 9 ! te>s ( ,francis ?is same quia non sunt = 8 spiritual sons4 ,b if !re are irrem$iable pa9s !re are none :i* may n be at once elevat$ & s(t5$1 :5 we endure !m at ! side ( ^? :o love u4 ,9 ?is respect 8 companions c\ld n be ( mu* help to him4 ,moral consolations are possible only f our pe]s1 or :5 two he>ts are unit$ by a my/ical passion s great t !y m+le & und]/& "o ano!r4 ,ah1 if ! ,bro!rs knew :at ,i suff]1 ,/4 ,francis said a few days be=e ! impression ( ! /igmata1 ) :at pity & compassion !y w\ld be mov$6 ,b !y1 see+ him :o _h laid *e]fulness ^u !m z a duty becom+ m & m sad & keep+ alo( f !m1 imag9$ t he 0 tortur$ ) temptations ( ! devil4#af ,cl>a div9$ t :i* c\ld n be utt]$4 ,at ,/4 ,damian h] fri5d 0 look+ back ov] all ! pa/3 :at memories liv$ aga9 9 a s+le glance6 ,"h1 ! olive-tree to :i*1 a brilliant cavali]1 he _h fa/5$ 8 horse2 !re1 ! /one b5* :]e 8 fri5d1 ! prie/ ( ! poor *apel1 us$ to sit2 yond]1 ! hid+-place 9 :i* he _h tak5 refuge f ! pat]nal wra?1 &1 above all1 ! sanctu>y ) ! my/]i\s crucifix ( ! decisive h\r4 ,9 liv+ ov] ^! pictures ( ! radiant pa/1 ,francis aggravat$ 8 pa92 yet !y spoke to him ( o!r ?+s ?an dea? & regret4 ,cl>a 0 !re1 z /eadfa/1 z ard5t z ev]4 ,long ago trans=m$ by admiration1 %e 0 n[ transfigur$ by compassion4 ,seat$ at ! feet ( him :om %e lov$ ) m ?an e>?ly love %e felt ! sor5ess ( 8 s\l1 & ! fail+ ( 8 he>t4 ,aft] t1 :at did x matt] t ,francis's te>s became m abundant to ! po9t ( mak+ him bl9d = a =tnight8 ,soo?+ w\ld come2 ! si/] ( consolation w\ld give him peace once m4 ,& fir/ %e kept him ne> h]1 &1 h]self tak+ "p 9 ! labor1 %e made him a l>ge cell ( re$s 9 ! mona/]y g>d51 t he might be entirely at lib]ty z to 8 movem5ts4 ,h[ c\ld he refuse a hospitality s ?or\ghly ,franciscan8 ,x 0 inde$ only too mu* s3 legions ( rats & mice infe/$ ?is retir$ spot2 at night !y ran ov] ,francis's b$ ) an inf]nal upro>1 s t he c\ld f9d no repose f 8 suff]+s4 ,b he soon =got all t :5 ne> 8 si/]-fri5d4 ,once aga9 %e gave back to him fai? & c\rage4 ,a s+le sunbeam1 he us$ to say1 is en\gh to drive away _m %ad[s6 ,little by little ! man ( ! =m] days began to %[ himself1 & at times ! ,si/]s w\ld he>1 m+l+ ) ! murmur ( ! olive trees & p9es1 ! e*o ( unfamili> songs1 :i* seem$ to come f ! cell ( re$s4 ,"o day he _h seat$ himself at ! mona/]y table aft] a long conv]sation ) ,cl>a4 ,! meal _h h>dly begun :5 sudd5ly he seem$ to be rapt away 9 ec/asy4 ,laudato sia lo ,signore6 he cri$ on com+ to himself4 ,he _h j compos$ ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4#ag ,,text#ah ,,incipiunt ,,laudes ,,creatur>um ,,quas ,,fecit ,,beatus ,,franciscus ,,ad ,,laudem ,,et ,,honorem ,,dei ,,cum ,,esset ,,infirmus ,,ad ,,sanctum ,,damianum4 ,,altissimu1 onnipot5te1 bon signore1 tue s le laude la gloria e l'onore et onne b5$ictione4 ,ad te sole1 altissimo1 se konfano et nullu homo ene dignu te m5tov>e4 ,laudato sie1 mi signore1 cum tucte le tue creature spetialm5te messor lo frate sole1 lo quale jorna1 et illum9i p] lui2 ,et ellu e bellu e radiante cum gr&e spl5dore2 de te1 altissimo1 porta significatione4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] sora luna e le /elle1 9 celu l' ai =mate cl>ite et pretiose et belle4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] frate v5to et p] a]e et nubilo et s]5o et onne tempo1 p] le quale a le tue creature dai su/5tam5to4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] sor acqua1 la quale e multo utile et humele et pretiosa et ca/a4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] frate focu1 p] lo quale ennallum9i la nocte1 ed ello e bello et jucundo et robu/oso et =te4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] sora no/ra matre t]ra1 la quale ne su/5ta et gov]na et produce div]si fructi con colorite flori et h]ba4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] quilli ke p]donano p] lo tuo amore et so/eugo infirmitate et tribulatione1 beati quilli ke so/]rano 9 pace1 ka da te1 altissimo1 sirano incoronati4 ,laudato si1 mi signore1 p] sora no/ra morte corporale1 de la quale nullu homo viv5te po skapp>e3 guai a quilli ke morrano ne le peccata mortali2 beati quilli ke se trov>a ne le tue sanctissime voluntati1 ka la morte secunda nol f>ra male4 ,laudate et b5$icete mi signore et r5gratiate et s]viteli cum gr&e humilitate4 ,,translation4#ai ,o mo/ high1 almighty1 good ,"l ,god1 to !e belong praise1 glory1 honor1 & all bless+6 ,to !e alone1 ,mo/ ,high1 d !y belong1 & no mortal lips are wor?y to pron\nce ?y ,"n4 ,prais$ be my ,"l ,god ) all 8 creatures1 & specially our bro!r ! sun1 :o br+s u ! day & :o br+s u ! light2 fair is he & %9es ) a v great spl5dor3 ,o ,"l1 he signifies to u !e6 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our si/] ! moon1 & = ! />s1 ! :i* he has set cle> & lovely 9 heav54 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our bro!r ! w9d1 & = air & cl\d1 calms & all wea!r by ! :i* ?\ upholde/ life 9 all creatures4 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our si/] wat]1 :o is v s]viceable unto u & humble & preci\s & clean4 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our bro!r fire1 ?r\gh :om ?\ give/ u light 9 ! d>kness2 & he is bright & pleasant & v mighty & /rong4 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our "m ! e>?1 ! :i* do? su/a9 u & keep u1 & br+e? =? div]s fruits & fl[]s ( _m colors1 & grass4 ,prais$ be my ,"l = all ^? :o p>don "o ano!r = 8 love's sake1 & :o endure weakness & tribulation2 bless$ are !y :o peaceably %all endure1 = ?\1 ,o mo/ ,highe/1 %alt give !m a cr[n4 ,prais$ be my ,"l = our si/]1 ! dea? ( ! body1 f :i* no man escape?4 ,woe to him :o die? 9 mortal s96 ,bless$ are !y :o are f\nd walk+ by ?y mo/ holy w1 = ! second dea? %all h no p[] to d !m h>m4 ,praise ye & bless ! ,"l1 & give ?anks unto him & s]ve him ) great humility4 ,joy _h return$ to ,francis1 joy z deep z ev]4 ,= a :ole week he =sook 8 brevi>y & pass$ 8 days 9 repeat+ ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,dur+ a night ( sleeplessness he _h he>d a voice say+ to him1 ,if ?\ had/ fai? z a gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 ?\ w\ld/ say to ?is m\nta91 ',be ?\ remov$ f !re1' & x w\ld move away4 ,0 n ! m\nta9 t ( 8 suff]+s1 ! temptation to murmur & despair8 ,be x1 ,"l1 accord+ to ?y ^w1 he _h repli$ ) all 8 he>t1 & imm$iately he _h felt t he 0 deliv]$4#bj ,he might h p]ceiv$ t ! m\nta9 _h n greatly *ang$ its place1 b = sev]al days he _h turn$ 8 eyes away f x1 he _h be5 able to =get its exi/5ce4 ,= a mom5t he ?\ght ( summon+ to 8 side ,bro!r ,pacifico1 ! ,k+ ( ,v]se1 to ret\* 8 canticle2 8 idea 0 to atta* to him a c]ta9 numb] ( fri>s1 :o w\ld g ) him f village to village1 prea*+4 ,aft] ! s]mon !y w\ld s+ ! ,hymn ( ! ,sun2 & !y 7 to close by say+ to ! cr[d ga!r$ ar\nd !m 9 ! public places1 ,we are ,god's juggl]s4 ,we desire to be paid = our s]mon & our song4 ,our paym5t %all be t y p]sev]e 9 p5it5ce4#ba ,is x n 9 fact true1 he w\ld add1 t ! s]vants ( ,god are really l juggl]s1 int5d$ to revive ! he>ts ( m5 & lead !m into spiritual joy8 ,! ,francis ( ! old raptures _h come back1 ! layman1 ! poet1 ! arti/4 ,! ,canticle ( ! ,creatures is v noble3 x lacks1 h[ev]1 "o /rophe2 if x 0 n ^u ,francis's lips1 x 0 surely 9 8 he>t3 ,be prais$1 ,"l1 = ,si/] ,cl>a2 ?\ ha/ made h] sil5t1 active1 & sagaci\s1 & by h] ?y light %9es 9 our he>ts4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,?irty-six? & la/ /rophe ( ! song ,amor de c>itade ,p]*e m' hai si f]ito8 f\nd 9 ! collection ( ,/4 ,francis's works4 #b ,by ! ,abbe ,amoni1 at ! close ( 8 edition ( ! ,fioretti1 ,rome1 #a vol41 #abmo1 #ahhi1 pp4 #cij-cib4 ,we c b once m regret ! sil5ce ( ! editor z to ! manuscript :5ce he has drawn ^! *>m+ pages4 ,c]ta9 indications seem unfavorable to ! au?or hav+ writt5 x be=e ! second half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 on ! o!r h&1 ! object ( a =g]y is n evid5t4 ,an apo*ryphal piece always betrays itself by "s int]e/$ purpose1 b "h ! /ory is ( an infant9e simplicity4 #c #b ,cel41 #c1 #ajd2 ,bon41 #aai2 ,fior4 ii4 consid4 #d ,p>ti san ,francesco p] ,monte-,acuto pr5d5do la via di ,monte-,arcoppe e del =e/o4 ,?is road f ! ,v]na to ,borgo ,san-,sepol]o is f> f be+ ! %orte/ or ! easie/1 = in/ead ( lead+ directly to ! pla9 x l+]s = long h\rs among ! hills4 ,is n all ,francis 9 ?is *oice8 #e #b ,cel41 #c1 #da2 ,bon41 #ada2 ,fior4 iv4 consid4 #f #a ,cel41 #fc & #fd2 ,fior4 iv4 consid4 #g #a ,cel41 #gj2 ,fior4 iv4 consid4 #h #a ,cel41 #aji2 #fi2 ,bon4 #bjh4 ,p]haps we mu/ ref] to ?is circuit ! visit to ,celano4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #cj2 ,spec41 #bb2 ,bon41 #aef & #aeg4 #i #a ,cel41 #ig & #ih2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #acg2 ,bon41 #bje & #bjf4 #aj ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,g]mano1 ann4 #abbe4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #gdjj ff4 #aa #a ,cel41 #ih & #ii2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #acg2 ,fior41 #ai4 #ab #b ,cel41 #c1 #aaj2 ,rule ( #abba1 cap4 #aj4 #ac ,see ! ref]5ce to ! s\rces aft] ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 #ad #b ,cel41 #c1 #ach4 #ae ,?is incid5t appe>$ to ! au?ors s peculi> t !y emphasiz$ x ) an ut oculis videmus4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fg2 ,spec41 #aai;a4 #af ,spec41 #abc;a2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #eh4 #ag ,i h comb9$ ,celano's n>rative ) t ( ! ,con=mities4 ,! details giv5 9 ! latt] docum5t appe> to me entirely wor?y ( fai?4 ,x is easy to see1 h[ev]1 :y ,celano omitt$ !m1 & x w\ld be difficult to expla9 h[ !y c\ld h be5 lat] inv5t$4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ach2 ,con=m41 #db;b1 #b2 #aai;b1 #a2 #ahd;b1 #b2 #bci;a1 #b2 ,spec41 #abc;a ff42 ,fior41 #ai4 #ah ,aft] ! ,assisan ,,ms41 #cch1 fo #cc;a4 ,vide p4 #ced4 ,fa!r ,panfilo da ,magliano has already publi%$ x aft] ?is manuscript3 ,/oria comp5diosa di ,san ,francesco1 ,rome1 #b vols41 #ahmo1 #ahgd-ahgf4 ,! ,con=mities1 #bjb;b1 #b-bjc;a #a1 give a v]sion ( x :i* diff]s f ?is only by insignificant v>iations4 ,! le>n$ philologue ,monaci has e/abli%$ a v rem>kable critical text 9 8 ,cre/omazia italiana dei primi secoli4 ,citta di ,ca/ello1 fas4 i41 #ahhi1 #hvo1 pp4 #bi-ca4 ,?is ?or\ghly scrupul\s "w disp5ses me f indicat+ manuscripts & editions m at l5g?4 #ai ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,essays 9 ,criticism1 ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,macmillan ,company1 #ahhc4 #bj #b ,cel41 #c1 #eh2 ,spec41 #abc;a4 #ba ,spec41 #abd;a4 ,cf4 ,miscellanea 7#ahhi71 iv41 p4 #hh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,la/ ,,ye> ,septemb]1 #abbe-;,end ( ,septemb]1 #abbf ,:at did ,ugol9i ?9k :5 !y told him t ,francis 0 plann+ to s5d 8 fri>s1 trans=m$ into ,joculatores ,dom9i1 to s+ up & d[n ! c\ntry ! ,canticle ( ,bro!r ,sun8 ,p]haps he nev] he>d ( x4 ,8 protege f9ally decid$ to accept 8 invitation & left ,/4 ,damian 9 ! c\rse ( ! mon? ( ,septemb]4 ,! l&scape :i* lies be=e ! eyes ( ! travell] f ,assisi1 :5 he sudd5ly em]ges ^u ! pla9 ( ,rieti1 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,europe4 ,f ,t]ni ! road foll[s ! s9u\s c\rse ( ! ,vel9o1 passes n f> f ! fam\s cascades1 ^: cl\ds ( mi/ are visible1 & !n plunges into ! defiles 9 ^: dep?s ! torr5t ru%es noisily1 *ok$ by a vegetation z luxuriant z t ( a virg9 =e/4 ,on all sides uprise walls ( p]p5dicul> rocks1 & on _! cre/s1 sev]al hundr$ y>ds above y\r head1 are feudal =tresses1 among o!rs ! ,ca/le ( ,mir&a1 m giddy1 m fanta/ic ?an any :i* ,gu/ave ,dore's fancy ev] dream$4 ,aft] f\r h\rs ( walk+1 ! defile op5s out & y f9d y\rself )\t transition 9 a broad valley1 sp>kl+ ) light4 ,rieti1 ! only city 9 ?is pla9 ( sev]al leagues1 appe>s f> away at ! o!r extremity1 comm&$ by hills ( a ?or\ghly tropical aspect1 beh9d :i* rise ! mighty ,ap5n9es1 almo/ always cov]$ ) sn[4 ,! highway goes directly t[>d ?is t[n1 pass+ betwe5 t9y lakes2 "h & !re roads lead (f to little villages :i* y see1 on ! hillside1 betwe5 ! cultivat$ fields & ! edge ( ! =e/s2 !re are ,/roncone1 ,greccio1 ,cantalice1 ,poggio-,buscone1 & t5 o!r small t[ns1 :i* h giv5 m sa9ts to ! ,*ur* ?an a :ole prov9ce ( ,france4 ,betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict & _! neighbors ( ,umbria1 prop]ly s call$1 ! diff]5ce is extreme4 ,!y are all ( ! /rik+ type ( ! ,sab9e peasants1 & !y rema9 to ?is day entire /rang]s to new cu/oms4 ,"o is born a ,capu*9 !re z else:]e "o is born a soldi]1 & ! travell] ne$s to h 8 wits ab\t him n to address e man he meets z ,rev]5d ,fa!r4 ,francis _h (t5 gone ov] ?is di/rict 9 e direction4 ,l its neighbor1 ! hilly ,m>* ( ,ancona1 x 0 peculi>ly prep>$ to receive ! new gospel4 ,9 ^! h]mitages1 ) _! almo/ impossible simplicity1 p]*$ ne> ! villages on e side1 )\t ! lea/ c>e = mat]ial com=t1 b always :]e !re is ! wide/ possible view1 0 p]petuat$ a race ( ,bro!rs ,m9or1 impassion$1 pr\d1 /ubborn1 almo/ wild1 :o did n :olly und]/& _! ma/]1 :o did n cat* 8 exquisite simplicity1 8 impossibility ( hat+1 8 dreams ( social & political r5ovation1 8 poetry & delicacy1 b :o did und]/& ! lov] ( nature & ( pov]ty4#a ,!y did m ?an und]/& him2 !y liv$ 8 life1 & f t ,*ri/mas fe/ival obs]v$ 9 ! woods ( ,greccio d[n to to-day !y h rema9$ ! simple & popul> repres5tatives ( ! ,/rict ,obs]vance4 ,f !m comes to u ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 ! mo/ life-l & true ( all ! portraits ( ! ,pov]ello1 & x 0 !re1 9 a cell ?ree paces long1 t ,giovanni di ,p>ma _h 8 apocalyptic visions4 ,! news ( ,francis's arrival quickly spread1 & long be=e he rea*$ ,rieti ! population _h come out to meet him4 ,to avoid ?is noisy welcome he crav$ ! hospitality ( ! prie/ ( ,/4 ,fabian4 ,?is little *ur*1 n[ kn[n "u ! "n ( ,our ,lady ( ! ,=e/1 is some:at aside f ! road ^u a grassy m\nd ab\t a league f ! city4 ,he 0 he>tily welcom$1 & desir+ to rema9 !re = a little1 prelates & devotees began to flock ?i!r 9 ! next few days4 ,x 0 ! "t ( ! e>ly grapes4 ,x is easy to imag9e ! disquietude ( ! prie/ on p]ceiv+ ! ravages made by ^! visitors among 8 v9es1 8 be/ s\rce ( rev5ue1 b he probably exagg]at$ ! damage4 ,francis "o day he>d him giv+ v5t to 8 bad humor4 ,fa!r1 he said1 x is useless = y to di/urb y\rself = :at y _c h9d]2 b1 tell me1 h[ mu* w9e d y get on an av]age8 ,f\rte5 measures1 repli$ ! prie/4 ,v well1 if y h less ?an tw5ty1 ,i und]take to make up ! diff]5ce4 ,?is promise reassur$ ! wor?y man1 & :5 at ! v9tage he receiv$ tw5ty measures1 he _h no hesitation 9 believ+ 9 a miracle4#b ,^u ,ugol9i's entreaties ,francis _h accept$ ! hospitality ( ! bi%op's palace 9 ,rieti4 ,?omas ( ,celano enl>ges ) delight ^u ! m>ks ( devotion lavi%$ on ,francis by ?is pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,unhappily all ?is is writt5 9 t pomp\s & confus$ /yle ( :i* diplomats & ecclesia/ics appe> to h by nature ! secret4 ,francis ent]$ into ! condition ( a relic 9 8 lifetime4 ,! mania = amulets display$ itself ar\nd him 9 all its excesses4 ,p qu>rell$ n only ov] 8 clo?+1 b ev5 ov] 8 hair & ! p>+s ( 8 nails4#c ,did ^! m]ely ext]ior demon/rations disgu/ him8 ,did he sometimes ?9k ( ! contra/ betwe5 ^! honors (f]$ to 8 body1 :i* he picturesquely call$ ,bro!r ,ass1 & ! subv]sion ( 8 ideal8 ,we _c tell4 ,if he _h feel+s ( ?is k9d ^? :o surr\nd$ him 7 n ! m5 to und]/& !m1 & x w\ld be idle to expect any expression ( !m f 8 p54 ,soon aft] he _h a relapse1 & ask$ to be remov$ to ,monte-,colombo1#d a h]mitage an h\r di/ant f ! city1 hidd5 amid/ trees & scatt]$ rocks4 ,he _h already retir$ ?i!r sev]al times1 notably :5 he 0 prep>+ ! ,rule ( #abbc4 ,! doctors1 hav+ exhau/$ ! !rapeutic ars5al ( ! "t1 decid$ to resort to caut]ization2 x 0 decid$ to draw a rod ( :ite-hot iron across 8 =ehead4 ,:5 ! poor pati5t saw !m br++ 9 ! brazi] & ! in/rum5ts he _h a mom5t ( t]ror2 b imm$iately mak+ ! sign ( ! cross ov] ! gl[+ iron1 ,bro!r fire1 he said1 y are beautiful above all creatures2 be favorable to me 9 ?is h\r2 y "k h[ mu* ,i h always lov$ y2 be !n c\rte\s to-day4 ,aft]w>d1 :5 8 companions1 :o _h n _h ! c\rage to rema91 came back he said to !m1 smil+1 ,oh1 c[>dly folk1 :y did y g away8 ,i felt no pa94 ,bro!r doctor1 if x is necess>y y may d x aga94 ,?is exp]im5t 0 no m successful ?an ! o!r rem$ies4 ,9 va9 !y quick5$ ! w\nd on ! =ehead1 by apply+ pla/]s1 salves1 & ev5 by mak+ incisions 9 x2 ! only result 0 to increase ! pa9s ( ! suff]]4#e ,"o day1 at ,rieti1 :i!r he _h aga9 be5 c>ri$1 he ?\ght t a little music w\ld relieve 8 pa94 ,call+ a fri> :o _h =m]ly be5 clev] at play+ ! guit>1 he begg$ him to borr[ "o2 b ! fri> 0 afraid ( ! sc&al :i* ?is might cause1 & ,francis gave x up4 ,god took pity ^u him2 ! foll[+ night he s5t an invisible angel to give him su* a conc]t z is nev] he>d on e>?4#f ,francis1 he>+ x1 lo/ all bodily feel+1 say ! ,fioretti1 & at "o mom5t ! melody 0 s sweet & p5etrat+ t if ! angel _h giv5 "o m /roke ( ! b[1 ! sick man's s\l w\ld h left 8 body4#g ,x seems t !re 0 "s amelioration ( 8 /ate :5 ! doctors left him2 we f9d him dur+ ! mon?s ( ?is w9t]1 #abbe-abbf1 9 ! mo/ remote h]mitages ( ! di/rict1 = z soon z he _h a little /r5g? he 0 det]m9$ to beg9 prea*+ aga94 ,he w5t to ,poggio-,buscone#h = ! ,*ri/mas fe/ival4 ,p flock$ ?i!r 9 cr[ds f all ! c\ntry r\nd to see & he> him4 ,y come "h1 he said1 expect+ to f9d a great sa9t2 :at w y ?9k :5 ,i tell y t ,i ate meat all ?r\gh ,adv5t8#i ,at ,/4 ,eleu!ria1#aj at a "t ( extreme cold :i* tri$ him mu*1 he _h sewn "s pieces ( /uff into 8 own tunic & t ( 8 companion1 s z to make _! g>m5ts a little w>m]4 ,"o day 8 companion came home ) a fox-sk91 ) :i* 9 8 turn he propos$ to l9e 8 ma/]'s tunic4 ,francis rejoic$ mu* ov] x1 b w\ld p]mit ?is excess ( consid]ation = 8 body only on condition t ! piece ( fur %\ld be plac$ on ! outside ov] 8 *e/4 ,all ^! incid5ts1 almo/ insignificant at a fir/ view1 %[ h[ he dete/$ hypocrisy ev5 9 ! smalle/ ?+s4 ,we w n foll[ him to 8 de> ,greccio1#aa nor ev5 to ! h]mitage ( ,/4 ,urbano1 p]*$ on "o ( ! highe/ peaks ( ! ,sab9e4#ab ,! acc\nts :i* we h ( ! brief visits he made !re at ?is "t tell u no?+ new ( 8 "* or ( ! hi/ory ( 8 life4 ,!y simply %[ t ! imag9ations ( ^? :o surr\nd$ him 7 extraord9>ily ov]heat$2 ! lea/ incid5ts imm$iately took on a miracul\s color+4#ac ,! docum5ts d n say h[ x came ab\t t he decid$ to g to ,si5na4 ,x appe>s t !re 0 9 t city a physician ( great fame z an oculi/4 ,! treatm5t he prescrib$ 0 no m successful ?an t ( ! o!rs2 b ) ! return ( spr+ ,francis made a new ef=t to return to active life4 ,we f9d him describ+ ! ideal ,franciscan mona/]y1#ad & ano!r day expla9+ a passage 9 ! ,bible to a ,dom9ican4 ,did ! latt]1 a doctor 9 !ology1 desire to br+ ! rival ,ord] into ridicule by %[+ its f\nd] incapable ( expla9+ a some:at difficult v]se8 ,x appe>s extremely likely4 ,my good fa!r1 he said1 h[ d y und]/& ?is say+ ( ! prophet ,ezekiel1 ',if ?\ do/ n w>n ! wick$ ( 8 wick$ness1 ,i w require 8 s\l ( !e8' ,i am acqua9t$ ) _m m5 :om ,i "k to be 9 a /ate ( mortal s91 & yet ,i am n always reproa*+ !m = _! vices4 ,am ,i1 !n1 responsible = _! s\ls8 ,at fir/ ,francis excus$ himself1 alleg+ 8 ignorance1 b urg$ by 8 int]locutor he said at la/3 ,yes1 ! true s]vant unceas+ly rebukes ! wick$1 b he does x mo/ ( all by 8 conduct1 by ! tru? :i* %9es =? 9 8 words1 by ! light ( 8 example1 by all ! radiance ( 8 life4#ae ,he soon suff]$ s grave a relapse t ! ,bro!rs ?\ght 8 la/ h\r _h come4 ,!y 7 especially affright$ by ! hemorrhages1 :i* r$uc$ him to a /ate ( extreme pro/ration4 ,bro!r ,elias ha/5$ to him4 ,at 8 arrival ! invalid felt 9 himself su* an improvem5t t !y c\ld acquiesce 9 8 desire to be tak5 back to ,umbria4 ,t[>d ! middle ( ,april !y set out1 go+ 9 ! direction ( ,cortona4 ,x is ! easie/ r\te1 & ! delightful h]mitage ( t city 0 "o ( ! be/ ord]$ to p]mit ( 8 tak+ "s repose4 ,he d\btless rema9$ !re a v %ort "t3 he 0 9 ha/e to see once m ! skies ( 8 native c\ntry1 ,portiuncula1 ,/4 ,damian1 ! ,c>c]i1 all ^? pa?s & hamlets :i* "o sees f ! t]races ( ,assisi & :i* recall$ to him s _m sweet memories4 ,in/ead ( go+ by ! ne>e/ road1 !y made a long circuit by ,gubbio & ,noc]a1 to avoid ,p]ugia1 fe>+ "s attempt ( ! inhabitants to get possession ( ! ,sa9t4 ,su* a relic z ! body ( ,francis lack$ little ( ! value ( ! sacr$ nail or ! sacr$ lance4#af ,battles 7 f\ght = less ?an t4 ,!y made a %ort halt ne> ,noc]a1 at ! h]mitage ( ,bagn>a1 on ! slopes ( ,monte-,p5n9o4#ag ,8 companions 7 aga9 v mu* di/urb$4 ,! swell+ :i* _h %[n itself 9 ! l[] limbs 0 rapidly ga9+ ! upp] "p ( ! body4 ,! ,assisans le>n$ ?is1 & wi%+ to be prep>$ = :atev] might happ5 s5t _! m5-at-arms to protect ! ,sa9t & ha/5 8 return4 ,br++ ,francis back ) !m !y /opp$ = food at ! hamlet ( ,balciano1#ah b 9 va9 !y begg$ ! inhabitants to sell !m provisions4 ,z ! escort 7 confid+ _! discomfiture to ! fri>s1 ,francis1 :o knew ^! good peasants1 said3 ,if y _h ask$ = food )\t (f]+ to pay1 y w\ld h f\nd all y want$4 ,he 0 "r1 =1 foll[+ 8 advice1 !y receiv$ = no?+ all t !y desir$4#ai ,! arrival ( ! p>ty at ,assisi 0 hail$ ) frantic joy4 ,?is "t ,francis's fell[-citiz5s 7 sure t ! ,sa9t 0 n go+ to die some:]e else4#bj ,cu/oms 9 ?is matt] h *ang$ too mu* = u to be able ?or\ghly to compreh5d ! good =tune ( possess+ ! body ( a sa9t4 ,if y are ev] s unlucky z to m5tion ,/4 ,&rew be=e an inhabitant ( ,amalfi1 y w imm$iately f9d him beg9n+ to %\t ,evviva ,san ,&rea6 ,evviva ,san ,&rea6 ,!n ) extraord9>y volubility he w relate to y ! leg5d ( ! ,gr&e ,protettore1 8 miracles pa/ & pres5t1 ^? :i* he might h done if he _h *os51 b :i* he refra9$ f do+ out ( *>ity because ,/4 ,janu>ius ( ,naples c\ld n d z mu*4 ,he ge/iculates1 ?r[s himself ab\t1 hu/les y1 m en?usia/ic ov] 8 relic & m exasp]at$ by y\r coldness ?an a soldi] ( ! ,old ,gu>d be=e an enemy ( ! ,emp]or4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury all ,europe 0 l t4 ,we %all f9d "h sev]al incid5ts :i* we may be tempt$ to consid] %ock+ or ev5 ignoble1 if we d n make an ef=t to put !m all into _! prop] surr\nd+s4 ,francis 0 in/all$ 9 ! bi%op's palace2 he w\ld h pref]r$ to be at ,portiuncula1 b ! ,bro!rs 7 oblig$ to obey ! injunctions ( ! populace1 & to make assurance d\bly sure1 gu>ds 7 plac$ at all ! approa*es ( ! palace4 ,! abode ( ! ,sa9t 9 ?is place 0 mu* long] ?an _h be5 anticipat$4 ,x p]haps la/$ sev]al mon?s 7,july to ,septemb]74 ,?is dy+ man did n cons5t to die4 ,he rebell$ aga9/ dea?2 9 ?is c5tre ( ! "w 8 anxieties = ! future ( ! ,ord]1 :i* a little :ile be=e _h be5 9 ! backgr\nd1 n[ return$1 m agoniz+ & t]rible ?an ev]4 ,we mu/ beg9 aga91 he ?\ght1 create a new family :o w n =get humility1 :o w g & s]ve lep]s &1 z 9 ! old times1 put !mselves always1 n m]ely 9 words1 b 9 reality1 bel[ all m54#ba ,to feel t implacable "w ( de/ruction go+ on aga9/ :i* ! mo/ submissive _c keep f prote/+3 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y8 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,to be oblig$ to look on at ! /ill m dread$ decomposition ( 8 ,ord]2 he1 ! l>k1 to be spi$ ^u by soldi]s wat*+ = 8 corpse--!re 0 q en\gh "h to make him mortally sad4 ,dur+ ^! la/ weeks all 8 sighs 7 not$4 ,! disappe>ance ( ! great] "p ( ! leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions c]ta9ly deprives u ( "s t\*+ /ories1 b mo/ ( ! incid5ts h be5 pres]v$ = u1 not)/&+1 9 docum5ts f a second h&4 ,f\r ,bro!rs _h be5 especially *>g$ to lavi% c>e ^u him3 ,leo1 ,angelo1 ,ruf9o1 & ,masseo4 ,we already "k !m2 !y are ( ^? intimate fri5ds ( ! fir/ days1 :o _h he>d 9 ! ,franciscan gospel a call to love & lib]ty4 ,& !y too began to compla9 ( ev]y?+4#bb ,"o day "o ( !m said to ! sick man3 ,fa!r1 y are go+ away to leave u "h2 po9t out to u1 !n1 if y "k him1 ! "o to :om we might 9 all security confide ! burd5 ( ! g5]al%ip4 ,alas1 ,francis did n "k ! ideal ,bro!r1 capable ( assum+ su* a duty2 b he took advantage ( ! "q to sket* ! portrait ( ! p]fect m9i/]-g5]al4#bc ,we h two impressions ( ?is portrait1 ! "o :i* has be5 ret\*$ by ,celano1 & ! orig9al pro(1 mu* %ort] & m vague1 b %[+ u ,francis desir+ t 8 successor %all h b a s+le weapon1 an unalt]able love4 ,x 0 probably ?is "q :i* sugge/$ to him ! ?\ght ( leav+ = 8 successors1 ! g5]als ( ! ,ord]1 a lett] :i* !y %\ld pass on f "o to ano!r1 & :]e !y %\ld f9d1 n directions = p>ticul> cases1 b ! v inspiration ( _! activity4#bd ,to ! ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,*ri/1 ,n 4441 ,m9i/]-,g5]al ( ! entire ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,may ,god bless !e & keep !e 9 8 holy love4 ,pati5ce 9 all ?+s & ev]y:]e1 ?is1 my ,bro!r1 is :at ,i specially recomm5d4 ,ev5 if !y oppose !e1 if !y /rike !e1 ?\ %\ld/ be grateful to !m & desire t x %\ld be ?us & n o!rwise4 ,9 ?is w be manife/ ?y love = ,god & = me1 8 s]vant & ?9e2 t !re %all n be a s+le fri> 9 ! _w :o1 hav+ s9n$ z mu* z "o c s91 & com+ be=e !e1 %all g away )\t hav+ receiv$ ?y p>don4 ,& if he does n ask x1 d ?\ ask x = him1 :e!r he wills or n4 ,& if he %\ld return aga9 a ?\s& times be=e !e1 love him m ?an myself1 9 ord] to lead him to well-do+4 ,h pity always on ^! ,bro!rs4 ,^! words %[ pla9ly en\gh h[ 9 =m] days ,francis _h direct$ ! ,ord]2 9 8 dream ! m9i/]s-g5]al 7 to /& 9 a relation ( pure affection1 ( t5d] devotion t[>d ^? "u !m2 b 0 ?is possible = "o at ! head ( a family ^: bran*es ext5d$ ov] ! entire _w8 ,x w\ld be haz>d\s to say1 = among 8 successors h n be5 want+ di/+ui%$ m9ds & noble he>ts2 b save = ,giovanni di ,p>ma & two or ?ree o!rs1 ?is ideal is 9 %>p contra/ ) ! reality4 ,/4 ,bonav5tura himself w drag 8 ma/] & fri5d1 ?is v ,giovanni ( ,p>ma1 be=e an ecclesia/ical tribunal1 w cause him to be condemn$ to p]petual imprisonm5t1 & x w ne$ ! int]v5tion ( a c>d9al outside ( ! ,ord] to secure ! commutation ( ?is s5t5ce4#be ,! agonies ( grief endur$ by ! dy+ ,francis ov] ! decad5ce ( ! ,ord] w\ld h be5 less poignant if !y _h n be5 m+l$ ) self-reproa*es = 8 own c[>dice4 ,:y _h he des]t$ 8 po/1 giv5 up ! direction ( 8 family1 if n f idl5ess & selfi%ness8 ,& n[ x 0 too late to take back ?is /ep2 & 9 h\rs ( frightful angui% he ask$ himself if ,god w\ld n hold him responsible = ?is subv]sion ( 8 ideal4 ,ah1 if ,i c\ld g once aga9 to ! *apt]-g5]al1 he w\ld sigh1 ,i w\ld %[ !m :at my w is4 ,%att]$ z he 0 by fev]1 he w\ld sudd5ly rise up 9 8 b$1 cry+ ) a despair+ int5sity3 ,:]e are !y :o h ravi%$ my bre?r5 f me8 ,:]e are !y :o h /ol5 away my family8 ,alas1 ! real crim9als 7 ne>] to him ?an he ?\ght4 ,! prov9cial m9i/]s1 ( :om he appe>s to h be5 ?9k+ :5 he ?us spoke1 7 only in/rum5ts 9 ! h&s ( ! clev] ,bro!r ,elias2 & he--:at else 0 he do+ b putt+ 8 intellig5ce & address at ,c>d9al ,ugol9i's s]vice8 ,f> f f9d+ any consolation 9 ^? ar\nd him1 ,francis 0 con/antly tortur$ by ! confid5ces ( 8 companions1 :o1 impell$ by mi/ak5 zeal1 aggravat$ 8 pa9 in/ead ( calm+ x4#bf ,=give me1 ,fa!r1 said "o ( !m to him "o day1 b _m p h already ?\ght :at ,i am go+ to say to y4 ,y "k h[1 9 ! e>ly days1 by ,god's grace ! ,ord] walk$ 9 ! pa? ( p]fection2 = all t conc]ns pov]ty & love1 z well z = all ! re/1 ! ,bro!rs 7 b "o he>t & "o s\l4 ,b = "s "t pa/ all t is entirely *ang$3 x is true t p (t5 excuse ! ,bro!rs by say+ t ! ,ord] has gr[n too l>ge to keep up ! old obs]vances2 !y ev5 g s f> z to claim t infidelities to ! ,rule1 su* z ! build+ ( great mona/]ies1 are a means ( edification ( ! p1 & s ! primitive simplicity & pov]ty are held = no?+4 ,evid5tly all ^! abuses are displeas+ to y2 b !n1 p ask1 :y d y tol]ate !m8 ,god =give y1 bro!r4 repli$ ,francis4 ,:y d y lay at my door ?+s ) :i* ,i h no?+ to d8 ,s long z ,i _h ! direction ( ! ,ord]1 & ! ,bro!rs p]sev]$ 9 _! vocation ,i 0 able1 9 spite ( weakness1 to d :at 0 ne$ful4 ,b :5 ,i saw t1 )\t c>+ = my example or my tea*+1 !y walk$ 9 ! way y h describ$1 ,i confid$ !m to ! ,"l & to ! m9i/]s4 ,x is true t :5 ,i rel9qui%$ ! direction1 alleg+ my incapacity z ! motive1 if !y _h walk$ 9 ! way ( my wi%es ,i %\ld n h desir$ t be=e my dea? !y %\ld h _h any o!r m9i/] ?an myself2 ?\gh ill1 ?\gh b$ridd51 ev51 ,i %\ld h f\nd /r5g? to p]=m ! duties ( my *>ge4 ,b ?is *>ge is :olly spiritual2 ,i w n become an execution] to /rike & puni% z political gov]nors mu/4#bg ,francis's compla9ts became s %>p & bitt] t1 to avoid sc&al1 ! greate/ prud5ce 0 ex]cis$ ) reg>d to ^? :o 7 p]mitt$ to see him4#bh ,disord] 0 ev]y:]e1 & e day br\ght its cont+5t ( subjects = sorr[4 ,! confusion ( ideas z to ! practice ( ! ,rule 0 extreme2 occult influ5ces1 :i* _h be5 work+ = sev]al ye>s1 _h succe$$ 9 veil+ ! ,franciscan ideal1 n only f di/ant ,bro!rs1 or ^? :o _h newly jo9$ ! ,ord]1 b ev5 f ^? :o _h liv$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! f\nd]4#bi ,"u circum/ances su* z ^!1 ,francis dictat$ ! lett] to all ! memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 :i*1 z he ?\ght w\ld be read at ! op5+ ( *apt]s & p]petuate 8 spiritual pres5ce 9 !m4#cj ,9 ?is lett] he is p]fectly true to himself2 z 9 ! pa/1 he desires to influ5ce ! ,bro!rs1 n by reproa*es b by fix+ _! eyes on ! p]fect hol9ess4 ,to all ! rev]$ & well-belov$ ,bro!rs ,m9or1 to ,bro!r ,a 4441#ca m9i/]-g5]al1 its ,"l1 & to ! m9i/]s-g5]al :o %all be aft] him1 & to all ! m9i/]s1 cu/odians1 & prie/s ( ?is frat]nity1 humble 9 ,*ri/1 & to all ! simple & ob$i5t ,bro!rs1 ! olde/ & ! mo/ rec5t1 ,bro!r ,francis1 a mean & p]i%+ man1 y\r little s]vant1 gives greet+6 ,he>1 my ,lords1 y :o are my sons & my bro!rs1 give e> to my words4 ,op5 y\r he>ts & obey ! voice ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,keep 8 comm&m5ts ) all y\r he>ts1 & p]fectly obs]ve 8 c\nsels4 ,praise him1 = he is good1 & glorify him by y\r works4 ,god has s5t y ?r\gh all ! _w1 t by y\r words & example y may be> witness ( him1 & t y may tea* all m5 t he alone is all p[]ful4 ,p]sev]e 9 discipl9e & ob$i5ce1 & ) an hone/ & firm w keep t :i* y h promis$4 ,aft] ?is op5+ ,francis imm$iately passes to ! ess5tial matt] ( ! lett]1 t ( ! love & respect due to ! ,sacram5t ( ! alt>2 fai? 9 ?is my/]y ( love appe>$ to him inde$ z ! salvation ( ! ,ord]4 ,0 he wrong8 ,h[ c a man :o truly believes 9 ! real pres5ce ( ! ,god-,man betwe5 ! f+]s ( him :o lifts up ! ho/1 n consecrate 8 life to ?is ,god & to hol9ess8 ,"o has "s difficulty 9 imag9+4 ,x is true t legions ( devotees pr(ess ! mo/ absolute fai? 9 ?is dogma1 & we d n see t !y are less bad2 b fai? ) !m belongs 9 ! intellectual sph]e2 x is ! abdication ( reason1 & 9 sacrific+ _! intellig5ce to ,god !y are mo/ happy to (f] to him an in/rum5t :i* !y v mu* pref] n to use4 ,to ,francis ! "q pres5t$ itself q diff]5tly2 ! ?\ght t !re c\ld be any m]it 9 believ+ c\ld nev] ent] 8 m9d2 ! fact ( ! real pres5ce 0 = him ( almo/ concrete evid5ce4 ,!re=e 8 fai? 9 ?is my/]y 0 an en]gy ( ! he>t1 t ! life ( ,god1 my/]i\sly pres5t ^u ! alt>1 might become ! s\l ( all 8 actions4 ,to ! eu*>i/ic transub/antiation1 effect$ by ! words ( ! prie/1 he add$ ano!r1 t ( 8 own he>t4 ,god (f]s himself to u z to 8 *ildr54 ,?is is :y ,i beg y1 all ( y1 my bro!rs1 kiss+ y\r feet1 & ) all ! love ( :i* ,i am capable1 to h all possible respect = ! body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!n address+ himself p>ticul>ly to ! prie/s3 ,he>k51 my bro!rs1 if ! bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y is ju/ly honor$ = hav+ c>ri$ ,jesus 9 h] womb1 if ,john ! ,bapti/ trembl$ because he d>$ n t\* ! ,"l's head1 if ! sepul*re 9 :i* = a little "t he lay is reg>d$ ) su* great adoration1 oh1 h[ holy1 pure1 & wor?y %\ld be ! prie/ :o t\*es ) 8 h&s1 :o receives into 8 m\? & into 8 he>t1 & :o di/ributes to o!rs ! liv+1 glorifi$ ,jesus1 ! sight ( :om makes angels rejoice6 ,und]/& y\r dignity1 bro!r prie/s1 & be holy1 = he is holy4 ,oh6 :at great wret*$ness & :at a frightful infirmity to h him !re pres5t be=e y & to ?9k ( o!r ?+s4 ,let ea* man be /ruck ) amazem5t1 let ! :ole e>? tremble1 let ! heav5s ?rill ) joy :5 ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 desc5ds ^u ! alt> into ! h&s ( ! prie/4 ,oh1 wond]ful pr(undity6 ,oh1 amaz+ grace6 ,oh1 triumph ( humility6 ,see1 ! ,ma/] ( all ?+s1 ,god1 & ! ,son ( ,god1 humbles himself = our salvation1 ev5 to disguis+ himself "u ! appe>ance ( a bit ( bread4 ,contemplate1 my bro!rs1 ?is humility ( ,god1 & enl>ge y\r he>ts be=e him2 humble y\rselves z well1 t y1 ev5 y1 may be lift$ up by him4 ,keep no?+ = y\rselves1 t he may receive y )\t res]ve1 :o has giv5 himself to y )\t res]ve4 ,we see ) :at vigor ( love ,francis's he>t _h laid hold ^u ! idea ( ! communion4 ,he closes ) long c\nsels to ! ,bro!rs1 & aft] hav+ conjur$ !m fai?fully to keep _! promises1 all 8 my/icism brea!s out & is summ$ up 9 a pray] ( admirable simplicity4 ,god ,almighty1 et]nal1 righte\s1 & m]ciful1 give to u poor wret*es to d = ?y sake all t we "k ( ?y w1 & to w always :at pleases !e2 s t inw>dly purifi$1 enlight5$1 & k9dl$ by ! fire ( ! ,holy ,_s1 we may foll[ 9 ! footpr9ts ( ?y well-belov$ ,son1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at sep>ates ?is pray] f ! ef=t to disc]n duty made by *oice spirits ap>t f all reveal$ religion8 ,v little 9 tru?2 ! words are diff]5t1 ! action is ! same4 ,b ,francis's solicitudes rea*$ f> beyond ! limits ( ! ,ord]4 ,8 longe/ epi/le is address$ to all ,*ri/ians2 its words are s liv+ t y fancy y he> a voice speak+ beh9d y2 & ?is voice1 usually z s]5e z t :i* f ! m\nta9 9 ,galilee proclaim$ ! law ( ! new times1 becomes "h & !re unutt]ably sweet1 l t :i* s\nd$ 9 ! upp] *amb] on ! night ( ! fir/ eu*>i/4 ,z ,jesus =got ! cross t 0 /&+ 9 ! %ad[s1 s ,francis =gets 8 suff]+s1 &1 ov]come ) a div9e sadness1 ?9ks ( humanity1 = ea* memb] ( :i* he w\ld give 8 life2 he ?9ks ( 8 spiritual sons1 ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce1 :om he is ab\t to leave )\t hav+ be5 able to make !m feel1 z he w\ld h _h !m feel1 ! love = !m ) :i* he burns3 ,fa!r1 ,i h giv5 !m ! words :i* ?\ ha/ giv5 me4444 ,= !m ,i pray6 ,! :ole ,franciscan gospel is 9 ^! words1 b to und]/& ! fasc9ation :i* x ex]t$ we mu/ h gone ?r\gh ! ,s*ool ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & !re li/5$ to ! int]m9able t\rnam5ts ( dialectics by :i* m9ds 7 dri$ up2 we mu/ h se5 ! ,*ur* ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 honeycomb$ by simony & luxury1 & only able1 "u ! pressure ( h]esy or revolt1 to make a few futile ef=ts to scot* ! evil4 ,to all ,*ri/ians1 monks1 cl]ics1 or laym51 :e!r m5 or wom51 to all :o dwell 9 ! :ole _w1 ,bro!r ,francis1 _! mo/ submissive s]vitor1 pres5ts 8 duty & wi%es ! true peace ( heav51 & s9c]e love 9 ! ,"l4 ,be+ ! s]vitor ( all m51 ,i am b\nd to s]ve !m & to disp5se to !m ! :olesome words ( my ,ma/]4 ,?is is :y1 see+ ,i am too weak & ill to visit ea* "o ( y 9 p>ticul>1 ,i h resolv$ to s5d y my message by ?is lett]1 & to (f] y ! words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* are _s & life4 ,x w\ld be pu]ile to expect "h new ideas ei!r 9 fact or =m4 ,francis's appeals are ( value only by ! _s :i* animates !m4 ,aft] hav+ briefly recall$ ! *ief features ( ! gospel1 & urg5tly recomm5d$ ! communion1 ,francis addresses himself 9 p>ticul> to c]ta9 categories ( he>]s1 ) special c\nsels4 ,let ! pode/as1 gov]nors1 & ^? :o are plac$ 9 au?ority1 ex]cise _! functions ) m]cy1 z !y w\ld be judg$ ) m]cy by ,god4444 ,monks 9 p>ticul>1 :o h r5\nc$ ! _w1 are b\nd to d m & bett] ?an simple ,*ri/ians1 to r5\nce all t is n necess>y to !m1 & to h 9 hatr$ ! vices & s9s ( ! body4444 ,!y %\ld love _! enemies1 d good to !m :o hate !m1 obs]ve ! precepts & c\nsels ( our ,r$eem]1 r5\nce !mselves1 & subdue _! bodies4 ,& no monk is b\nd to ob$i5ce1 if 9 obey+ he w\ld be oblig$ to commit a fault or a s94444 ,let u n be wise & le>n$ accord+ to ! fle%1 b simple1 humble1 & pure4444 ,we %\ld nev] desire to be above o!rs1 b r to be bel[1 & to obey all m54 ,he closes by %[+ ! fooli%ness ( ^? :o set _! he>ts on ! possession ( e>?ly goods1 & concludes by ! v reali/ic picture ( ! dea? ( ! wick$4 ,8 money1 8 title1 8 le>n+1 all t he believ$ himself to possess1 all are tak5 f him2 8 relatives & 8 fri5ds to :om he has giv5 8 =tune w come to divide x among !mselves1 & w end by say+3 ,curses on him1 = he might h giv5 u m & he has n done x2 he might h amass$ a l>g] =tune1 & he has done no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! worms w eat 8 body & ! demons w consume 8 s\l1 & ?us he w lose bo? s\l & body4 ,i1 ,bro!r ,francis1 y\r little s]vitor1 ,i beg & conjure y by ! love t is 9 ,god1 ready to kiss y\r feet1 to receive ) humility & love ^! & all o!r words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & to con=m y\r conduct to !m4 ,& let ^? :o dev\tly receive !m & und]/& !m pass !m on to o!rs4 ,& if !y ?us p]sev]e unto ! end1 may !y be bless$ by ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,am54#cb ,if ,francis ev] made a ,rule = ! ,?ird ,ord] x mu/ h v ne>ly resembl$ ?is epi/le1 & until ?is problematical docum5t is f\nd1 ! lett] %[s :at 7 orig9ally ^! associations ( ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ^! long pages looks t[>d ! developm5t ( ! my/ic religi\s life 9 ! he>t ( ea* ,*ri/ian4 ,b ev5 :5 ,francis dictat$ !m1 ?is high view _h become a ,utopia1 & ! ,?ird ,ord] 0 only "o battalion m 9 ! armies ( ! papacy4 ,we see t ! epi/les :i* we h j exam9$ proce$ def9itely f a s+le inspiration4 ,:e!r he is leav+ in/ructions = 8 successors1 ! m9i/]s-g5]al1 :e!r he is writ+ to all ! pres5t & future memb]s ( 8 ,ord]1 to all ,*ri/ians or ev5 to ! cl]gy1#cc ,francis has only "o aim1 to keep on prea*+ aft] 8 dea?1 & p]haps1 too1 by putt+ into writ+ 8 message ( peace & love1 to provide t he %all n be entirely trave/i$ or misund]/ood4 ,consid]$ 9 connection ) ^? sorr[ful h\rs :i* saw _! bir?1 !y =m a :ole ^: import & mean+ become s+ul>ly en]getic4 ,if we w\ld f9d ! ,franciscan _s1 x is "h1 9 ! ,rule ( #abba1 & 9 ! ,w t we mu/ seek = x4 ,neglect1 & especially ! /orms :i* lat] ov]:elm$ ! ,ord]1 expla9 ! disappe>ance ( sev]al o!r docum5ts :i* w\ld ca/ a glimm] ( poetry & joy ov] ^! sad days2#cd ,francis _h n =gott5 8 si/]-fri5d at ,/4 ,damian4 ,he>+ t %e _h be5 greatly disquiet$ by kn[+ him to be s ill1 he desir$ to reassure h]3 he /ill deceiv$ himself z to 8 condition1 & wrote to h] promis+ soon to g to see h]4 ,to ?is assurance he add$ "s affectionate c\nsels1 advis+ h] & h] companions n to g to extremes ) _! mac]ations4 ,to set h] an example ( *e]fulness he add$ to ?is lett] a ,laude 9 ! vulg> tongue :i* he _h himself set to music4#ce ,9 t *amb] ( ! episcopal palace 9 :i* he 0 z x 7 imprison$ he _h a*iev$ a new victory1 & x 0 d\btless t :i* inspir$ 8 joy4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,assisi1 ! irritable ,guido1 always at w> ) somebody1 0 at ?is "t qu>rell+ ) ! pode/a ( ! city2 no?+ m 0 ne$$ to excite 9 ! little t[n a pr(\nd disquiet4 ,guido _h excommunicat$ ! pode/a1 & ! latt] _h issu$ a prohibition aga9/ sell+ & buy+ or mak+ any contract ) ecclesia/ics4 ,! diff]5ce grew m bitt]1 & no "o appe>$ to dream ( attempt+ a reconciliation4 ,we c ! bett] und]/& ,francis's grief ov] all ?is by rememb]+ t 8 v fir/ ef=t _h be5 to br+ peace into 8 native city1 & t he consid]$ ! return ( ,italy to union & concord to be ! ess5tial aim ( 8 apo/olate4 ,w> 9 ,assisi w\ld be ! f9al dissolution ( 8 dream2 ! voice ( ev5ts cry+ brutally to him1 ,?\ ha/ wa/$ ?y life6 ,! dregs ( ?is cup 7 sp>$ him1 ?anks to an inspiration 9 :i* breaks =? anew 8 natural play ( imag9ation4 ,to ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun he add$ a new /rophe3 ,be prais$1 ,"l1 = ^? :o =give = love ( !e1 & be> trials & tribulations2 happy !y :o p]sev]e 9 peace1 by !e1 ,mo/ high1 %all !y be cr[n$4 ,!n1 call+ a fri>1 he *>g$ him to beg ! gov]nor to betake himself1 ) all ! notables :om he c\ld assemble1 to ! pav$ squ>e be=e ! bi%op's palace4 ,! magi/rate1 to :om leg5d gives ! nobl] "p 9 ! :ole affair1 at once yield$ to ! sa9t's reque/4 ,:5 he arriv$ & ! bi%op _h come =? f ! palace1 two fri>s came =w>d & said3 ,bro!r ,francis has made to ! praise ( ,god a hymn to :i* he prays y to li/5 pi\sly1 & imm$iately !y began to s+ ! ,hymn ( ,bro!r ,sun1 ) its new /rophe4 ,! gov]nor li/5$1 /&+ 9 an attitude ( pr(\nd att5tion1 copi\sly weep+1 = he de>ly lov$ ! bless$ ,francis4 ,:5 ! s++ 0 end$1 ,"k 9 tru?1 said he1 t ,i desire to =give ! "l bi%op1 t ,i wi% & ought to look ^u him z my "l1 = if "o _h ev5 assass9at$ my bro!r ,i %\ld be ready to p>don ! murd]]4 ,) ^! words he ?rew himself at ! bi%op's feet1 & said3 ,i am ready to d :atsoev] y w\ld1 = ! love ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 s]vant ,francis4 ,!n ! bi%op1 tak+ him by ! h&1 lift$ him up & said1 ,) my position x w\ld become me to be humble1 b s9ce ,i am naturally too quick to wra?1 ?\ mu/ p>don me4#cf ,?is unexpect$ reconciliation 0 imm$iately look$ ^u z miracul\s1 & increas$ /ill m ! rev]5ce ( ! ,assisans = _! fell[-citiz54 ,! summ] 0 draw+ to a close4 ,aft] a few days ( relative improvem5t ,francis's suff]+s became great] ?an ev]3 incapable ( movem5t1 he ev5 ?\ght t he ought to give up 8 ard5t desire to see ,/4 ,damian & ,portiuncula once m1 & gave ! bro!rs all 8 directions ab\t ! latt] sanctu>y3 ,nev] ab&on x1 he w\ld repeat to !m1 = t place is truly sacr$3 x is ! h\se ( ,god4#cg ,x seem$ to him t if ! ,bro!rs rema9$ atta*$ to t bit ( e>?1 t *apel t5 feet long1 ^? ?at*$ huts1 !y w\ld !re f9d ! liv+ rem9d] ( ! pov]ty ( ! e>ly days1 & c\ld nev] w&] f> f x4 ,"o ev5+ he grew worse ) frightful rapidity2 all ! foll[+ night he _h hemorrhages :i* left n ! slighte/ hope2 ! ,bro!rs ha/5+ to him1 he dictat$ a few l9es 9 =m ( a ,w & gave !m 8 bless+3 ,adieu1 my *ildr52 rema9 all ( y 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 abide always unit$ to ,*ri/2 great trials are 9 /ore = y1 & tribulation draws nigh4 ,happy are !y :o p]sev]e z !y h begun2 = !re w be sc&als & divisions among y4 ,z = me1 ,i am go+ to ! ,"l & my ,god4 ,yes1 ,i h ! assurance t ,i am go+ to him :om ,i h s]v$4#ch ,dur+ ! foll[+ days1 to ! great surprise ( ^? :o 7 ab\t him1 he aga9 grew some:at bett]2 no "o c\ld und]/& ! resi/ance to dea? (f]$ by ?is body s long worn out by suff]+4 ,he himself began to hope aga94 ,a physician ( ,arezzo :om he knew well1 hav+ come to visit him1 ,good fri5d1 ,francis ask$ him1 h[ mu* long] d y ?9k ,i h to live8 ,fa!r1 repli$ ! o!r reassur+ly1 ?is w all pass away1 if x pleases ,god4 ,i am n a cuckoo1#ci repli$ ,francis smil+1 us+ a popul> say+1 to be afraid ( dea?4 ,by ! grace ( ! ,holy ,_s ,i am s intimately unit$ to ,god t ,i am equally cont5t to live or to die4 ,9 t case1 fa!r1 f ! m$ical po9t ( view1 y\r disease is incurable1 & ,i d n ?9k t y c la/ long] ?an ! beg9n+ ( autumn4 ,at ^! words ! poor invalid /ret*$ out 8 h&s z if to call on ,god1 cry+ ) an indescribable expression ( joy1 ,welcome1 ,si/] ,dea?6 ,!n he began to s+1 & s5t = ,bro!rs ,angelo & ,leo4 ,on _! arrival !y 7 made1 9 spite ( _! emotion1 to s+ ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,!y 7 at ! la/ doxology :5 ,francis1 *eck+ !m1 improvis$ ! greet+ to dea?3 ,be prais$1 ,"l1 = our ,si/] ! ,dea? ( ! body1 :om no man may escape2 alas = !m :o die 9 a /ate ( mortal s92 happy !y :o are f\nd con=m$ to ?y mo/ holy w1 = ! second dea? w d to !m no h>m4 ,f ?is day ! palace rang unceas+ly ) 8 songs4 ,cont9ually1 ev5 ?r\gh ! night1 he w\ld s+ ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun or "s o!r ( 8 favorite compositions4 ,!n1 :5 we>i$ out1 he w\ld beg ,angelo & ,leo to g on4 ,"o day ,bro!r ,elias ?\ght x 8 duty to make a few rem>ks on ! subject4 ,he fe>$ t ! nurses & ! p ( ! neighborhood w\ld be sc&aliz$2 ought n a sa9t to be absorb$ 9 m$itation 9 ! face ( dea?1 to await x ) fe> & trembl+ in/ead ( indulg+ 9 a gayety t might be mis9t]pret$8#dj ,p]haps ,bi%op ,guido 0 n entirely a /rang] to ^! reproa*es2 x seems n improbable t to h 8 palace cr[d$ ) ,bro!rs ,m9or all ^! long weeks _h f9ally put him a little out ( humor4 ,b ,francis w\ld n yield2 8 union ) ,god 0 too sweet = him to cons5t n to s+ x4 ,!y decid$ at la/ to remove him to ,portiuncula4 ,8 desire 0 to be fulfill$2 he 0 to die beside ! humble *apel :]e he _h he>d ,god's voice consecrat+ him apo/le4 ,8 companions1 be>+ _! preci\s burd51 took ! way ?r\gh ! olive-y>ds across ! pla94 ,f "t to "t ! invalid1 unable to di/+ui% any?+1 ask$ :]e !y 74 ,:5 !y 7 half way !re1 at ! hospital ( ! ,crucig]i1 :]e long ago he _h t5d$ ! lep]1 & f :5ce !re 0 a full view ( all ! h\ses ( ! city1 he begg$ !m to set him ^u ! gr\nd ) 8 face t[>d ,assisi1 & rais+ 8 h& he bade adieu to 8 native place & bless$ x4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! foll[+ is ! li/ ( mona/]ies :i*1 accord+ to ,rodolfo di ,tossignano1 accept$ ! ideas ( ,angelo ,cl>5o be=e ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury3 ,f]mo1 ,spoleto1 ,cam]9o1 ,ascoli1 ,rieti1 ,foligno1 ,nursia1 ,aquila1 ,amelia3 ,hi/ori>um s]aphicae religionis1 libri tres1 ,v5ice1 #aehf1 #a vol41 fo1 #aee;a4 #b ,spec41 #abi;b2 ,fior41 #ai4 ,9 "s ( ! /ories ( ?is p]iod ! evid5ce is cle> h[ c]ta9 facts h be51 little by little1 trans=m$ into miracles4 ,comp>e1 = example1 ! miracle ( ,/4 ,urbano 9 ,bon41 #fh1 & #a ,cel41 #fa4 ,see also #b ,cel41 #b1 #aj2 ,bon41 #aeh & #aei4 #c #a ,cel41 #hg2 #b ,cel41 #b1 #aa2 ,con=m41 #adh;a1 #b2 ,bon41 #ii4 ,^u ?is visit see #b ,cel41 #b1 #aj2 ,bon41 #aeh & #aei2 #b ,cel41 #b1 #aa2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #cf4 #d ,! pres5t ,italian "n ( ! mona/]y :i* has also be5 call$ ,monte-,ra9]io & ,fonte-,palumbo4 #e #a ,cel41 #aja2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ajb2 ,bon41 #fg2 ,spec41 #acd;a4 #f #b ,cel41 #c1 #ff2 ,bon41 #fi4 #g ,fior4 ii4 consid4 ,cf4 ,rog] ,bacon1 ,opus t]tium 7ap4 ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/41 ,script4 t4 #bh1 p4 #egg74 ,b4 ,franciscus jussit fratri cy?>i/e ut dulcius p]son>et1 quat5us m5s excit>etur ad h>monias coele/es quas pluries &ivit4 ,mira enim musicae sup] omnes sci5tias et spect&a pote/as4 #h ,village ?ree h\rs' walk nor?w>d f ,rieti4 ,francis's cell /ill rema9s on ! m\nta91 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r f ! place4 #i #b ,cel41 #c1 #ga2 cf4 ,spec41 #dc;a4 #aj ,*apel /ill /&+1 a few m9utes' walk f ,rieti4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #gj2 ,spec41 #ae;a1 #dc;a4 #aa #b ,cel41 #b1 #ad2 ,bon41 #afg2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aj2 ,bon41 #eh2 ,spec41 #abb;b4 #ab ,wadd+1 ann4 #abac1 n4 #ad1 rightly places ,/4 ,urbano 9 ! c\nty ( ,n>ni4 ,l',eremo di ,s4 ,urbano is ab\t half an h\r f ! village ( ! same "n1 on ,m\nt ,san ,pancrazio 7#ajbf m471 ?ree leagues s\? ( ,n>ni4 ,! panorama is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,c5tral ,italy4 ,! ,boll&i/s all[$ !mselves to be l$ into error by an int]e/$ ass]tion :5 !y plac$ ,san ,urbano ne> to ,jesi 7pp4 #fbc;f & #fbd;a74 #a ,cel41 #fa2 ,bon41 #fh4 7,vide ,bull ,cum aliqua ( ,may #ae1 #abah1 :]e m5tion is made ( ,san ,urbano47 #ac ,z mu* may be said ( ! app>ition ( ! ?ree virg9s betwe5 ,campilia & ,san ,quirico4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #cg2 ,bon41 #ic4 #ad ,spec41 #ab;b2 ,con=m41 #afi;a1 #a4 #ae #b ,cel41 #c1 #df2 ,bon41 #aec2 ,spec41 #ca;b2 ,ezek41 xxxiii41 #i4 #af ,two ye>s aft]1 ! ,k+ ( ,france & all 8 c\rt kiss$ & rev]$ ! pill[ :i* ,francis _h us$ dur+ 8 illness4 #a ,cel41 #abj4 #ag ,bagn>a is ne> ! s\rces ( ! ,top9o1 ab\t an h\r ea/ ( ,noc]a4 ,^! two localities 7 !n dep5d5ts ( ,assisi4 #ah ,& n ,s>tiano4 ,balciano /ill exi/s1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,noc]a & ,assisi4 #ai #b ,cel41 #c1 #bc2 ,bon41 #ih2 ,spec41 #ag;b2 ,con=m41 #bci;a1 #b;f4 #bj #b ,cel41 #c1 #cc2 #a ,cel41 #aje1 is /ill m explicit3 ,! multitude hop$ t he w\ld die v soon1 & t 0 ! subject ( _! joy4 #ba #a ,cel41 #ajc & #ajd4 #bb #a ,cel41 #ajb2 ,spec41 #hc;b4 #bc #b ,cel41 #c1 #aaf2 ,spec41 #fg;a2 ,con=m41 #adc;b1 #a1 & #bbe;b1 #b2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aag2 ,spec41 #acj;a4 #bd ,= ! text vide ,con=m41 #acf;b1 #b2 #ach;b1 #b2 #adb b1 #a4 #be ,tribul41 ,ar*iv41 ii41 pp4 #bhe ff4 #bf #b ,cel41 #c1 #aah4 #bg ,^! words are borr[$ f a long fragm5t cit$ by ,ub]t9i di ,casali1 z com+ f ,bro!r ,leo3 ,arbor vit4 cruc41 lib4 v41 cap4 #c4 ,x is surely a bit ( ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions2 x may be f\nd textually 9 ! ,tribulations1 ,laur41 fo #af;b1 ) a few m s5t5ces at ! end4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #acf;a1 #b2 #adc;a1 #b2 ,spec41 #h;b2 #bf;b2 #ej;a2 #acj;b2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aah4 #bh ,tribul41 ,laur41 #ag;b4 #bi ,see1 = example1 ,bro!r ,ri*]'s "q z to ! books3 ,ub]t9i1 ,loc4 cit4 ,cf4 ,ar*iv41 iii41 pp4 #ge & #agg2 ,spec41 #h;a2 ,con=m41 #ga;b1 #b4 ,see also3 ,ub]t9i1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 pp4 #ge & #agg2 ,tribul41 #ac;a2 ,spec41 #i;a2 ,con=m41 #agj;a1 #a4 ,x is curi\s to comp>e ! acc\nt z x f\nd 9 ! docum5ts ) ! v]sion ( x giv5 9 #b ,cel41 #c1 #h4 #cj ,assisi ,,ms41 #cch1 fo #bh;a-#ca;a1 ) ! rubric3 ,de lict]a et ammonitione beatissimi patris no/ri ,francisci quam misit fratribus ad capitulum qu&o erat infirmus4 ,?is lett] 0 wrongly divid$ into ?ree by ,rodolfo di ,tossignano 7fo #bcg71 :o 0 foll[$ by ,wadd+ 7,epi/olae x41 xi41 xii474 ,! text is f\nd )\t ?is s5seless division 9 ! manuscript cit$ & 9 ,firmam5tum1 fo #ba2 ,spec41 ,mor91 iii41 #bag;a2 ,ub]t9i1 ,arbor vit4 cruc41 v41 #g4 #ca ,?is initial 7giv5 only by ! ,assisi ,,ms47 has n fail$ to excite surprise4 ,x appe>s t !re ought to h be5 simply an ,n 444 ,?is lett] !n w\ld h be5 replac$ by ! copyi/1 :o w\ld h us$ ! initial ( ! m9i/] g5]al 9 *>ge at ! "t ( 8 writ+4 ,if ?is hypo!sis has any weight x w aid to fix ! exact date ( ! manuscript4 7,alb]to ( ,pisa m9i/] f #abci-abdj2 ,aimon ( ,fav]%am1 #abdj-abdd47 #cb ,?is epi/le also 0 unskilfully divid$ into two di/9ct lett]s by ,rodolfo di ,tossignano1 fo #agd;a1 :o 0 foll[$ by ,wadd+4 ,see ,assisi ,,ms41 #cch1 #bc;a-#bh;a2 ,con=m41 #acg;a1 #a ff4 #cc ,! lett] to ! cl]gy only repeats ! ?\ghts already express$ ^u ! wor%ip ( ! holy sacram5t4 ,we rememb] ,francis sweep+ out ! *ur*es & implor+ ! prie/s to keep !m clean2 ?is epi/le has ! same object3 x is f\nd 9 ! ,assisi ,,ms41 #cch1 fo #ca;b-#cb;b1 ) ! rubric3 ,de rev]5tia ,corporis ,dom9i et de munditia alt>is ad omnes cl]icos4 ,incipit3 ,att5damus omnes4 ,explicit3 fec]9t exempl>i4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is ! lett] giv5 by ,wadd+ xiii41 b )\t address or salutation4 #cd ,we ne$ n despair ( f9d+ !m4 ,! ar*ives ( ! mona/]ies ( ,cl>isses are usually rudim5t>y en\gh1 b !y are pres]v$ ) pi\s c>e4 #ce ,spec41 #aag;b2 ,con=m41 #ahe;a #a2 #ace;b1 #a4 ,cf4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,cl>ae1 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aug41 ii41 p4 #gdg4 #cf ,?is /ory is giv5 9 ! ,spec41 #abh;b1 z f eye-witnesses4 ,cf4 ,con=m41 #ahd;b1 #a2 #bjc;a1 #a4 #cg #a ,cel41 #ajf4 ,^! recomm5dations z to ,portiuncula 7 amplifi$ by ! ,zelanti1 :51 "u ! g5]al%ip ( ,cresc5tius 7,bull ,is qui ecclesiam1 ,m>* #f1 #abde71 ! ,basilica ( ,assisi 0 sub/itut$ = ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli z mat] et caput ( ! ,ord]4 ,vide ,spec41 #cb;b1 #fi;b-#ga;a2 ,con=m41 #add;a1 #b2 #bah;a1 #a2 #c ,soc41 #ef2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ab & #ac2 ,bon41 #bd1 #be2 see ! ,app5dix1 ! ,/udy ( ! ,indulg5ce ( ,augu/ #b4 #ch #b ,cel41 #ajh4 ,z w be se5 7bel[1 p4 #cfg7 ! rema9d] ( ,celano's n>rative seems to require to be tak5 ) "s res]ve4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #aae;b2 ,con=m41 #bbe;a1 #b2 ,bon41 #baa4 #ci ,non sum cuculus1 9 ,italian cuculo4 #dj ,spec41 #acf;b2 ,fior4 iv4 consid4 ,x is to be not$ t ,guido1 in/ead ( wait+ at ,assisi = ! c]ta9ly imp5d+ dea? ( ,francis1 w5t away to ,mont ,g>gano4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #adb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,francis',s ,,w ,,& ,,dea? ,end ( ,septemb]-,octob] #c1 #abbf ,! la/ days ( ,francis's life are ( radiant beauty4 ,he w5t to meet dea?1 s++1#a says ,?omas ( ,celano1 summ+ up ! impression ( ^? :o saw him !n4 ,to be once m at ,portiuncula aft] s long a det5tion at ! bi%op's palace 0 n only a real joy to 8 he>t1 b ! pure air ( ! =e/ mu/ h be5 mu* to 8 physical well-be+2 does n ! ,canticle ( ! ,creatures seem to h be5 made expressly to be sung 9 ! ev5+ ( "o ( ^? autumn days ( ,umbria1 s s(t & lum9\s1 :5 all nature seems to retire into h]self to s+ h] own hymn ( love to ,bro!r ,sun8 ,we see t ,francis has come to t almo/ entire cessation ( pa91 t r5ew+ ( life1 :i* s (t5 prec$es ! approa* ( ! la/ cata/rophe4 ,he took advantage ( x to dictate 8 ,w4#b ,x is to ^! pages t we mu/ g to f9d ! true note = a sket* ( ! life ( its au?or1 & an idea ( ! ,ord] z x 0 9 8 dreams4 ,9 ?is record1 :i* is ( an inconte/able au!nticity1 ! mo/ solemn manife/ation ( 8 ?\ght1 ! ,pov]ello reveals himself absolutely1 ) a virg9al c&or4 ,8 humility is "h ( a s9c]ity :i* /rikes "o ) awe2 x is absolute1 ?\gh no "o c\ld dream t x 0 exagg]at$4 ,& yet1 :]ev] 8 mission is conc]n$1 he speaks ) tranquil & s]5e assurance4 ,is he n an ambassador ( ,god8 ,does he n hold 8 message f ,*ri/ himself8 ,! g5esis ( 8 ?\ght "h %[s itself to be at once :olly div9e & entirely p]sonal4 ,! individual consci5ce "h proclaims its sov]eign au?ority4 ,no "o %[$ me :at ,i ought to d1 b ! ,mo/ ,high himself reveal$ to me t ,i ought to live con=mably to 8 holy gospel4 ,:5 a man has once spok5 ?us1 submission to ! ,*ur* has be5 s+ul>ly encroa*$ ^u4 ,we may love h]1 he>k5 to h]1 v5]ate h]1 b we feel ourselves1 p]haps )\t d>+ to av[ x1 sup]ior to h]4 ,let a critical h\r come1 & "o f9ds himself h]etic )\t kn[+ x or wi%+ x4 ,ah1 yes1 cries ,angelo ,cl>5o1 ,/4 ,francis promis$ to obey ! pope & 8 successors1 b !y _c & mu/ n comm& any?+ contr>y to ! consci5ce or to ! ,rule4#c ,= him1 z = all ! spiritual ,franciscans1 :5 !re is conflict betwe5 :at ! inw>d voice ( ,god orda9s & :at ! ,*ur* wills1 he has only to obey ! =m]4#d ,if y tell him t ! ,*ur* & ! ,ord] are !re to def9e ! true signification ( ! ,rule1 he appeals to common s5se1 & to t int]ior c]titude :i* is giv5 by a cle> view ( tru?4 ,! ,rule1 z also ! gospel1 ( :i* x is a summ>y1 is above all ecclesia/ical p[]1 & no "o has ! "r to say ! la/ ^w 9 _! int]pretation4#e ,! ,w 0 n sl[ to ga9 a moral au?ority sup]ior ev5 to t ( ! ,rule4 ,giovanni ( ,p>ma1 to expla9 ! pr$ilection ( ! ,joa*imites = ?is docum5t1 po9ts out t aft] ! impression ( ! /igmata ! ,holy ,_s 0 9 ,francis ) /ill great] pl5itude ?an be=e4#f ,did ! innum]able sects :i* di/urb$ ! ,*ur* 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury p]ceive t ^! two writ+s--! ,rule & ! ,te/am5t--! "o app>5tly made to foll[ & support ! o!r1 sub/antially id5tical z x 0 said1 proce$$ f two opposite inspirations8 ,v confus$ly1 no d\bt1 b guid$ by a v sure in/9ct1 !y saw 9 ^! pages ! bann] ( lib]ty4 ,!y 7 n mi/ak54 ,ev5 to-day1 ?9k]s1 morali/s1 my/ics may arrive at solutions v diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,umbrian prophet1 b ! me?od :i* !y employ is 81 & !y may n refuse to ackn[l$ge 9 him ! precursor ( religi\s subjectivism4 ,! ,*ur*1 too1 0 n mi/ak54 ,%e imm$iately und]/ood ! _s t animat$ ^! pages4 ,f\r ye>s lat]1 p]haps to ! v day1 ,septemb] #bh1 #abcj1 ,ugol9i1 !n ,gregory ,,ix41 solemnly int]pret$ ! ,rule1 9 spite ( ! precautions ( ,francis1 :o _h =bidd5 all gloss or comm5t>y on ! ,rule or ! ,w1 & decl>$ t ! ,bro!rs 7 n b\nd to ! obs]vation ( ! ,w4#g ,:at %all we say ( ! bull 9 :i* ! pope alleges 8 famili> relations ) ! ,sa9t to ju/ify 8 comm5t>y1 & 9 :i* ! cle>e/ passages are s di/ort$ z to *ange _! s5se completely4 ,"o is /upefi$1 cries ,ub]t9i ( ,casali1 t a text s cle> %\ld h ne$ ( a comm5t>y1 = x suffices to h common s5se & to "k gramm> 9 ord] to und]/& x4 ,& ?is /range monk d>es to add3 ,!re is "o miracle :i* ,god himself _c d2 x is to make two contradictory ?+s true4#h ,c]ta9ly ! ,*ur* %\ld be mi/ress 9 h] own h\se2 x w\ld h be5 no?+ wrong _h ,gregory ,,ix4 creat$ an ,ord] con=m$ to 8 views & ideas1 b :5 we g ?r\gh ,sb>alea's folios & ! ?\s&s ( bulls accord$ to ! spiritual sons ( him :o 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ solemn mann] _h =bidd5 !m to ask any privilege ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 we _c b feel a bitt] sadness4 ,?us upheld by ! papacy1 ! ,bro!rs ( ! ,common ,obs]vance made ! ,zelanti %>ply expiate _! atta*m5t to ,francis's la/ reque/s4 ,caes> ( ,spey] di$ ( viol5ce f ! ,bro!r plac$ 9 *>ge ( him2#i ! fir/ disciple1 ,b]n>do di ,qu9tavalle1 hunt$ l a wild bea/1 pass$ two ye>s 9 ! =e/s ( ,monte-,sefro1 hidd5 by a wood-cutt]2#aj ! o!r fir/ companions :o did n succe$ 9 flight _h to und]go ! sev]e/ usage4 ,9 ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 ! home ( ! ,spirituals1 ! victori\s p>ty us$ a t]rible viol5ce4 ,! ,w 0 confiscat$ & de/roy$2 !y w5t s f> z to burn x ov] ! head ( a fri> :o p]si/$ 9 desir+ to obs]ve x4#aa ,,w 7,,lit]al ,,translation74 ,see 9 :at mann] ,god gave x to me1 to me1 ,bro!r ,francis1 to beg9 to d p5it5ce2 :5 ,i liv$ 9 s91 x 0 v pa9ful to me to see lep]s1 b ,god himself l$ me into _! mid/1 & ,i rema9$ "h a little :ile4#ab ,:5 ,i left !m1 t :i* _h seem$ to me bitt] _h become sweet & easy4 ,a little :ile aft] ,i quitt$ ! _w1 & ,god gave me su* a fai? 9 8 *ur*es t ,i w\ld kneel d[n ) simplicity & ,i w\ld say3 ,we adore !e1 ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 "h & 9 all ?y *ur*es :i* are 9 ! _w1 & we bless !e t by ?y holy cross ?\ ha/ ransom$ ! _w4 ,besides1 ! ,"l gave me & /ill gives me s great a fai? 9 prie/s :o live accord+ to ! =m ( ! holy ,roman ,*ur*1 because ( _! sac]dotal "*1 t ev5 if !y p]secut$ me ,i w\ld h rec\rse to !m4 ,& ev5 ?\gh ,i _h all ! wisdom ( ,solomon1 if ,i %\ld f9d poor secul> prie/s1 ,i w\ld n prea* 9 _! p>i%es )\t _! cons5t4 ,i desire to respect !m l all ! o!rs1 to love !m & honor !m z my lords4 ,i w n consid] _! s9s1 = 9 !m ,i see ! ,son ( ,god & !y are my lords4 ,i d ?is because "h bel[ ,i see no?+1 ,i p]ceive no?+ corporally ( ! mo/ high ,son ( ,god1 if n 8 mo/ holy ,body & ,blood1 :i* !y receive & !y alone di/ribute to o!rs4 ,i desire above all ?+s to honor & v5]ate all ^! mo/ holy my/]ies & to keep !m preci\s4 ,:5ev] ,i f9d ! sacr$ names ( ,jesus or 8 words 9 indec5t places1 ,i desire to take !m away1 & ,i pray t o!rs take !m away & put !m 9 "s dec5t place4 ,we ought to honor & rev]e all ! !ologians & ^? :o prea* ! mo/ holy ^w ( ,god1 z disp5s+ to u _s & life4 ,:5 ! ,"l gave me "s bro!rs no "o %[$ me :at ,i ought to d1 b ! ,mo/ ,high himself reveal$ to me t ,i ought to live accord+ to ! model ( ! holy gospel4 ,i caus$ a %ort & simple =mula to be writt51 & ! "l pope confirm$ x = me4 ,^? :o pres5t$ !mselves to obs]ve ?is k9d ( life di/ribut$ all t !y might h to ! poor4 ,!y cont5t$ !mselves ) a tunic1 pat*$ )9 & )\t1 ) ! cord & bree*es1 & we desir$ to h no?+ m4 ,! cl]ks said ! (fice l o!r cl]ks1 & ! laym5 ,pat] no/]4 ,we lov$ to live 9 poor & ab&on$ *ur*es1 & we 7 ignorant & submissive to all4 ,i work$ ) my h&s & w\ld cont9ue to d1 & ,i w also t all o!r fri>s "w at "s honorable trade4 ,let ^? :o h none le>n "o1 n = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! price ( _! toil1 b = _! good example & to flee idl5ess4 ,& :5 !y d n give u ! price ( ! "w1 let u resort to ! table ( ! ,"l1 begg+ our bread f door to door4 ,! ,"l reveal$ to me ! salutation :i* we ought to give3 ,god give y peace6 ,let ! ,bro!rs take great c>e n to receive *ur*es1 habitations1 & all t m5 build = !m1 except z all is 9 accordance ) ! holy pov]ty :i* we h v[$ 9 ! ,rule1 & let !m n receive hospitality 9 !m except z /rang]s & pilgrims4 ,i absolutely int]dict all ! bro!rs1 9 :atev] place !y may be f\nd1 f ask+ any bull f ! c\rt ( ,rome1 :e!r directly or indirectly1 "u pretext ( *ur* or conv5t or "u pretext ( prea*+s1 nor ev5 = _! p]sonal protection4 ,if !y are n receiv$ any:]e let !m g else:]e1 ?us do+ p5ance ) ! b5$iction ( ,god4 ,i desire to obey ! m9i/]-g5]al ( ?is frat]nity1 & ! gu>dian :om he may please to give me4 ,i desire to put myself entirely into 8 h&s1 to g n[h]e & d no?+ aga9/ 8 w1 = he is my "l4 ,?\gh ,i be simple & ill1 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 h always a cl]k :o w p]=m ! (fice1 z x is said 9 ! ,rule2 let all ! o!r bro!rs also be c>eful to obey _! gu>dians & to d ! (fice accord+ to ! ,rule4 ,if x come to pass t !re are any :o d n ! (fice accord+ to ! ,rule1 & :o desire to make any o!r *ange1 or if !y are n ,ca?olics1 let all ! ,bro!rs1 :]ev] !y may be1 be b\nd by ob$i5ce to pres5t !m to ! ne>e/ cu/ode4 ,let ! cu/odes be b\nd by ob$i5ce to keep him well gu>d$ l a man :o is 9 bonds night & day1 s t he may n escape f _! h&s until !y p]sonally place him 9 ! m9i/]'s h&s4 ,& let ! m9i/] be b\nd by ob$i5ce to s5d him by bro!rs :o w gu>d him z a prison] day & night until !y %all h plac$ him 9 ! h&s ( ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,o/ia1 :o is ! "l1 ! protector1 & ! correct] ( all ! ,frat]nity4#ac ,& let ! ,bro!rs n say3 ,?is is a new ,rule2 = ?is is a rem9d]1 a w>n+1 an exhortation2 x is my ,w1 t ,i1 little ,bro!r ,francis1 make = y1 my bless$ ,bro!rs1 9 ord] t we may obs]ve 9 a m ca?olic way ! ,rule :i* we promis$ ! ,"l to keep4 ,let ! m9i/]s-g5]al1 all ! o!r m9i/]s & ! cu/odes be held by ob$i5ce to add no?+ to & take no?+ f ^! words4 ,let !m always keep ?is writ+ ne> !m1 beside ! ,rule2 & 9 all ! *apt]s :i* %all be held1 :5 ! ,rule is read let ^! words be read also4 ,i int]dict absolutely1 by ob$i5ce1 all ! ,bro!rs1 cl]ics & layman1 to introduce glosses 9 ! ,rule1 or 9 ?is ,w1 "u pretext ( expla9+ x4 ,b s9ce ! ,"l has giv5 me to speak & to write ! ,rule & ^! words 9 a cle> & simple mann]1 )\t comm5t>y1 und]/& !m 9 ! same way1 & put !m 9 practice until ! end4 ,& may :oev] %all h obs]v$ ^! ?+s be cr[n$ 9 heav5 ) ! bless+s ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 & on e>? ) ^? ( 8 well-belov$ ,son & ( ! ,holy ,_s ! consol]1 ) ! assi/ance ( all ! heav5ly virtues & all ! sa9ts4 ,& ,i1 little ,bro!r ,francis1 y\r s]vitor1 confirm to y s f> z ,i am able ?is mo/ holy b5$iction4 ,am54 ,aft] ?9k+ ( 8 ,bro!rs ,francis ?\ght ( 8 de> ,si/]s at ,/4 ,damian & made a w = !m4 ,x has n come d[n to u1 & we ne$ n wond]2 ! ,spiritual ,bro!rs might flee away1 & prote/ f ! dep?s ( _! retreats1 b ! ,si/]s 7 completely un>m$ aga9/ ! ma*9ations ( ! ,common ,obs]vance4#ad ,9 ! la/ words t he address$ to ! ,cl>isses1 aft] call+ ^u !m to p]sev]e 9 pov]ty & union1 he gave !m 8 b5$iction4#ae ,!n he recomm5d$ !m to ! ,bro!rs1 supplicat+ ! latt] nev] to =get t !y 7 memb]s ( "o & ! same religi\s family4#af ,aft] hav+ done all t he c\ld = ^? :om he 0 ab\t to leave1 he ?\ght = a mom5t ( himself4 ,he _h become acqua9t$ 9 ,rome ) a pi\s lady nam$ ,giacom9a di ,settisoli4 ,?\gh ri*1 %e 0 simple & good1 entirely devot$ to ! new ideas2 ev5 ! some:at s+ul> *>act]i/ics ( ,francis pleas$ h]4 ,he _h giv5 h] a lamb :i* _h become h] insep>able companion4#ag ,un=tunately all t conc]ns h] has suff]$ mu* f lat] ret\*+s ( ! leg5d4 ,! p]fectly natural conduct ( ! ,sa9t ) wom5 has mu* emb>rass$ 8 biograph]s2 h5ce heavy & di/ort$ comm5t>ies tack$ on to episodes ( a delici\s simplicity4 ,be=e dy+ ,francis desir$ to see aga9 ?is fri5d1 :om he smil+ly call$ ,bro!r ,giacom9a4 ,he caus$ a lett] to be writt5 h] to come to ,portiuncula2 we c imag9e ! dismay ( ! n>rators at ?is f> f mona/ic invitation4 ,b ! good lady _h anticipat$ 8 appeal3 at ! mom5t :5 ! mess5g] ) ! lett] 0 ab\t to leave = ,rome1 %e arriv$ at ,portiuncula & rema9$ !re until ! la/ sigh ( ! ,sa9t4#ah ,= "o mom5t %e ?\ght ( s5d+ away h] suite2 ! invalid 0 s calm & joyful t %e c\ld n believe him dy+1 b he himself advis$ h] to keep h] p ) h]4 ,?is "t he felt ) no possible d\bt t 8 captivity 0 ab\t to be end$4 ,he 0 ready1 he _h f9i%$ 8 "w4 ,did he ?9k !n ( ! day :51 curs$ by 8 fa!r1 he _h r5\nc$ all e>?ly goods & cri$ to ,god ) an ineffable confid5ce1 ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav56 ,we _c say2 b he desir$ to f9i% 8 life by a symbolic act :i* v closely recalls ! sc5e 9 ! bi%op's palace4 ,he caus$ himself to be /ripp$ ( 8 clo?+ & laid ^u ! gr\nd1 = he wi%$ to die 9 ! arms ( 8 ,lady ,pov]ty4 ,) "o glance he embrac$ ! tw5ty ye>s t _h glid$ by s9ce _! union3 ,i h done my duty1 he said to ! ,bro!rs1 may ! ,*ri/ n[ tea* y y\rs6#ai ,?is 0 ,?ursday1 ,octob] #a4bj ,!y laid him back ^u 8 b$1 &1 con=m+ to 8 wi%es1 !y aga9 sang to him ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,at times he add$ 8 voice to ^? ( 8 ,bro!rs1#ba & came back ) pref]5ce to ,psalm #adb1 ,voce mea ad ,dom9um clamavi4#bb ,) my voice ,i cry unto ! ,"l1 ,) my voice ,i implore ! ,"l1 ,i p\r out my compla9t be=e him1 ,i tell him all my di/ress4 ,:5 my _s is ca/ d[n )9 me1 ,?\ kn[e/ my pa?4 ,^u ! way :]e ,i walk ,!y h laid a sn>e = me1 ,ca/ ?9e eyes to ! "r & look6 ,no "o recognizes me2 ,all refuge is lo/ = me1 ,no "o takes ?\ght = my s\l4 ,"l1 unto !e ,i cry2 ,i say3 ,?\ art my refuge1 ,my portion 9 ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,be att5tive to my cries6 ,= ,i am v unhappy4 ,deliv] me f ^? :o pursue me6 ,= !y are /rong] ?an ,i4 ,br+ my s\l out ( its prison ,t ,i may praise ?y "n4 ,! righte\s %all compass me ab\t ,:5 ?\ ha/ done good unto me6 ,! visits ( dea? are always solemn1 b ! end ( ! j is ! mo/ mov+ sursum corda t we c he> on e>?4 ,! h\rs fl[$ by & ! ,bro!rs w\ld n leave him4 ,alas1 good ,fa!r1 said "o ( !m to him1 unable long] to conta9 himself1 y\r *ildr5 are go+ to lose y1 & be depriv$ ( ! true light :i* light5$ !m3 ?9k ( ! orphans y are leav+ & =give all _! faults1 give to !m all1 pres5t & abs5t1 ! joy ( y\r holy b5$iction4 ,see1 repli$ ! dy+ man1 ,god is call+ me4 ,i =give all my ,bro!rs1 pres5t & abs5t1 _! (f5ces & faults1 & absolve !m accord+ to my p[]4 ,tell !m s1 & bless !m all 9 my "n4#bc ,!n cross+ 8 arms he laid 8 h&s ^u ^? :o surr\nd$ him4 ,he did ?is ) peculi> emotion to ,b]n>d ( ,qu9tavalle3 ,i desire1 he said1 & ) all my p[] ,i urge :omsoev] %all be m9i/]-g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 to love & honor him z myself2 let ! prov9cials & all ! ,bro!rs act t[>d him z t[>d me4#bd ,he ?\ght n only ( ! abs5t ,bro!rs b ( ! future ones2 love s ab\nd$ 9 him t x wrung f him a groan ( regret = n see+ all ^? :o %\ld ent] ! ,ord] d[n to ! end ( "t1 t he might lay 8 h& ^u _! br[s1 & make !m feel ^? ?+s t may only be spok5 by ! eyes ( him :o loves 9 ,god4#be ,he _h lo/ ! notion ( "t2 believ+ t x 0 /ill ,?ursday he desir$ to take a la/ meal ) 8 disciples4 ,"s bread 0 br\ght1 he broke x & gave x to !m1 & !re 9 ! poor cab9 ( ,portiuncula1 )\t alt> & )\t a prie/1 0 celebrat$ ! ,"l's ,supp]4#bf ,a ,bro!r read ! ,gospel = ,holy ,?ursday1 ,ante diem fe/um ,pas*ae3 ,be=e ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 ,jesus kn[+ t 8 h\r 0 come to g f ?is _w to ! ,fa!r1 hav+ lov$ 8 own :o 7 9 ! _w he lov$ !m unto ! end4 ,! sun 0 gild+ ! cre/s ( ! m\nta9s ) 8 la/ rays1 !re 0 sil5ce ar\nd ! dy+ "o4 ,all 0 ready4 ,! angel ( dea? might come4 ,saturday1 ,octob] #c1 #abbf1 at nightfall1 )\t pa91 )\t /ruggle1 he brea!d ! la/ sigh4 ,! ,bro!rs 7 /ill gaz+ on 8 face1 hop+ yet to cat* "s sign ( life1 :5 innum]able l>ks alight$1 s++1 on ! ?at* ( 8 cell1#bg z if to salute ! s\l :i* _h j tak5 flight & give ! ,little ,poor ,man ! canonization ( :i* he 0 mo/ wor?y1 ! only "o1 d\btless1 :i* he w\ld ev] h covet$4 ,on ! morr[1 at dawn1 ! ,assisans came d[n to take possession ( 8 body & give x a triumphant fun]al4 ,by a pi\s inspiration1 in/ead ( go+ /raight to ! city !y w5t ar\nd by ,/4 ,damian1 & ?us 0 realiz$ ! promise made by ,francis to ! ,si/]s a few weeks be=e1 to come once m to see !m4 ,_! grief 0 he>t-r5d+4 ,^! wom5's he>ts revolt$ aga9/ ! absurdity ( dea?2#bh b !re 7 te>s on t day at ,/4 ,damian only4 ,! ,bro!rs =got _! sadness on see+ ! /igmata1 & ! inhabitants ( ,assisi manife/$ an indescribable joy on hav+ _! relic at la/4 ,!y deposit$ x 9 ! ,*ur* ,/4 ,george4#bi ,less ?an two ye>s aft]1 ,sunday1 ,july #bf1 #abbh1 ,gregory ,,ix4 came to ,assisi to preside 9 p]son ov] ! c]emonies ( canonization1 & to lay1 on ! morr[1 ! fir/ /one ( ! new *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,/igmatiz$4 ,built "u ! inspiration ( ,gregory ,,ix4 & ! direction ( ,bro!r ,elias1 ?is m>vell\s basilica is also "o ( ! docum5ts ( ?is hi/ory1 & p]haps ,i h be5 wrong 9 neglect+ x4 ,g & look ^u x1 pr\d1 ri*1 p[]ful1 !n g d[n to ,portiuncula1 pass ov] to ,/4 ,damian1 ha/5 to ! ,c>c]i1 & y w und]/& ! abyss t sep>ates ! ideal ( ,francis f t ( ! pontiff :o canoniz$ him4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,mortem cant&o suscepit4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci4 #b ,! text "h tak5 z a basis is t ( ! ,assisi ,,ms41 #cch 7fo #af;a-#ah;a74 ,x is also to be f\nd 9 ,firmam5tum1 fo #ai1 col4 #d2 ,speculum1 ,mor91 tract4 iii41 #h;a2 ,wadd+1 ann4 #abbf1 #ce2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ffc2 ,amoni1 ,leg5da ,trium ,sociorum2 ,app5dix1 p4 #aaj4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ?is docum5t proclaims its au!nticity1 b we are n r$uc$ to int]nal pro(4 ,x is expressly cit$ 9 #a ,cel41 #ag 7be=e #abcj72 by ! ,?ree ,companions 7#abdf71 #c ,soc41 #aa2 #bf2 #bi2 by #b ,cel41 #c1 #ii 7#abdg74 ,^! pro(s w\ld be m ?an suffici5t1 b !re is ano!r ( ev5 great] value3 ! bull ,quo elongati ( ,septemb] #bh1 #abcj1 :]e ,gregory ,,ix4 cites x textually & decl>es t ! fri>s are n b\nd to obs]ve x4 #c ,promittet ,franciscus ob$i5tiam 444 papae 444 et successoribus 444 qui non possunt nec deb5t eis praecip]e aliquid quod sit contra animam et regulam4 ,ar*iv41 i1 p4 #efc4 #d ,quod si qu&o a quocumque 444 pontifice aliquid 444 m&>etur quod esset contra fidem 444 et c>itatem et fructus ejus tunc ob$iet ,deo magis quam hom9ibus4 ,ib41 p4 #efa4 #e ,e/ ,regula et /at et intelligitur sup] eos 444 ,cum spei fiducia pace fruemur cum consci5tiae et ,*ri/i spiritus te/imonio c]to4 ,ib41 pp4 #efc & #efe4 #f ,ar*iv41 ii41 p4 #bgd4 #g ,ad m&atum illud vos dicimus non t5]i3 quod s9e cons5su ,fratrum maxime m9i/rorum1 quos univ]sos tangebat oblig>e nequivit nec successorem suum quomodolibet obligavit2 cum non habeat imp]ium p> 9 p>em4 ,! sophism is b>ely speci\s2 ,francis 0 n on a p> ) 8 successors2 he did n act z m9i/]-g5]al1 b z f\nd]4 #h ,arbor vit4 cruc41 lib4 v41 cap4 #c & #e4 ,see above1 p4 #ahe4 #i ,tribul41 ,laur41 #be;b2 ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #ecb4 #aj ,at ! summit ( ! ,ap5n9es1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,cam]9o & ,noc]a 7,umbria74 ,tribul41 ,laur41 #bf;b2 ,magl41 #ace;b4 #aa ,decl>atio ,ub]t9i1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #afh4 ,?is fact is n to be que/ion$1 s9ce x is alleg$ 9 a piece address$ to ! pope1 9 response to ! lib]al fri>s1 to :om x 0 to be communicat$4 #ab ,feci moram cum illis41 ,,ms41 #cch4 ,mo/ ( ! pr9t$ texts give mis]acordiam1 :i* gives a less satisfactory mean+4 ,cf4 ,miscellanea iii4 7#ahhh71 p4 #gj2 #a ,cel41 #ag2 #c ,soc41 #aa4 #ac ,x is evid5t t h]esy is n "h 9 "q4 ,! ,bro!rs :o 7 infect$ ) x 7 to be deliv]$ to ! ,*ur*4 #ad ,urban ,,iv4 publi%$1 ,octob] #ah1 #abfc1 ,pot?a/ 7#ahfhj71 a ,rule = ! ,cl>isses :i* completely *ang$ ! "* ( ?is ,ord]4 ,its au?or 0 ! c>d9al protector ,giovanni degli ,urs9i 7! future ,ni*olas ,,iii471 :o by way ( precaution =bade ! ,bro!rs ,m9or "u ! sev]e/ p5alties to dissuade ! ,si/]s f accept+ x4 ,x diff]s z mu* f ! fir/ ,rule1 said ,ub]t9i di ,casali z black & :ite1 ! savory & ! insipid4 ,arbor4 vit4 cruc4 lib4 v41 cap4 vi4 #ae ,v4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,cl>ae2 ,con=m41 #ahe;a #a2 ,spec41 #aag;b4 #af #b ,cel41 #c1 #acb4 #ag ,bon41 #aab4 #ah ,! ,boll&i/s d5y ?is :ole /ory1 :i* !y f9d 9 opposition to ! prescriptions ( ,francis himself4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ffd ff4 ,b x is difficult to see = :at object au?ors :o take great pa9s to expla9 x c\ld h _h = inv5t+ x4 ,spec41 #acc;a2 ,fior4 iv42 consid42 ,con=m41 #bdj;a4 ,i h borr[$ ! :ole acc\nt f ,b]n>d ( ,besse3 ,de ,laudibus1 fo #aac;b4 ,x appe>s t ,giacom9a settl$ = ! re/ ( h] life at ,assisi1 t %e might ga9 edification f ! fir/ companions ( ,francis4 ,spec41 #ajg;b4 7,:at a lovely sc5e1 & ) :at a ,franciscan fragrance67 ,! exact date ( h] dea? is n kn[n4 ,%e 0 buri$ 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ! basilica ( ,assisi1 & on h] tomb 0 engrav$3 ,hic jacit ,jacoba sancta nobilisque romana4 ,vide ,frat9i3 ,/oria della basilica1 p4 #dh4 ,cf4 ,jacobilli3 ,vite dei ,santi e ,beati dell' ,umbria1 ,foligno1 #c vols41 #dto1 #afdg2 i41 p4 #bad4 #ai #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci2 ,bon41 #bji1 #baj2 ,con=m41 #aga;b1 #b4 #bj #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci3 ,cum me vid]itis 444 sicut me nudius t]tius nudum vidi/is4 #ba #a ,cel41 #aji2 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci4 #bb #a ,cel41 #aji2 ,bon41 #bab4 #bc #a ,cel41 #aji4 ,cf4 ,epi/4 ,eliae4 #bd ,tribul4 ,laur41 #bb;b4 ,no?+ bett] %[s ! hi/oric value ( ! *ronicle ( ! ,tribulations ?an to comp>e its /ory ( ^! mom5ts ) t ( ! foll[+ docum5ts3 ,con=m41 #dh;b1 #a2 #ahe;a1 #b2 ,fior41 #f42 ,spec41 #hf;a4 #be #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci2 ,spec41 #aaf;b2 ,con=m41 #bbd;b1 #a4 #bf #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci4 ,a simple comp>ison betwe5 ?is /ory 9 ! ,speculum 7#aaf;b7 & t 9 ! ,con=mities 7#bbd;b1 #a7 is en\gh to %[ h[ 9 c]ta9 ( its p>ts ! ,speculum repres5ts a /ate ( ! leg5d ant]ior to #ache4 #bg ,bon41 #bad4 ,?is cell has be5 trans=m$ into a *apel & may be f\nd a few y>ds f ! little *ur* ( ,portiuncula4 ,*ur* & *apel are n[ %elt]$ "u ! great ,basilica ( ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli4 ,see ! picture & plan1 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #had1 or bett] /ill 9 ,p4 ,b>nabas aus dem ,elsass1 ,portiuncula od] ,ges*i*te ,u4 ,l4 ,f4 v4 d5 ,engeln4 ,rixheim1 #ahhd1 #a vol41 #hvo1 pp4 #caa & #cab4 #bh #a ,cel41 #aaf & #aag2 ,bon41 #bai2 ,con=m4 #ahe;a1 #a4 #bi ,to-day 9 ! cloture ( ! conv5t ,/4 ,cl>a4 ,vide ,miscellanea #a1 pp4 #dd-dh1 a v int]e/+ /udy by ,pr(4 ,c>attoli ^u ! c(f9 ( ,/4 ,francis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,s\rces 99 99 99 99 99 ,,summ>y ,i4 ,,/4 ,,francis',s ,,works4 ,,ii4 ,,biographies ,,prop]ly ,,s ,,call$4 #a4 ,prelim9>y ,note4 #b4 ,fir/ ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano4 #c4 ,review ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,ord] #abcj-abdd4 #d4 ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions4 #e4 ,fragm5ts ( ! ,suppress$ ,portion ( ! ,leg5d4 #f4 ,second ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,fir/ ,"p4 #g4 ,second ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,second ,"p4 #h4 ,docum5ts ( ,second>y ,importance3 ,biography = ,use ( ! ,*oir4 ,life 9 ,v]se4 ,biography by ,giovanni di ,cep]ano4 ,life by ,bro!r ,julian4 #i4 ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,bonav5tura4 #aj4 ,de ,laudibus ( ,b]n>d ( ,besse4 ,,iii4 ,,diplomatic ,,docum5ts4 #a4 ,donation ( ! ,v]na4 #b4 ,regi/]s ( ,c>d9al ,ugol9i4 #c4 ,bulls4 ,,iv4 ,,*ronicl]s ,,( ,,! ,,ord]4 #a4 ,*ronicle ( ,bro!r ,giordano di ,giano4 #b4 ,eccle/on3 ,arrival ( ! ,fri>s 9 ,engl&4 #c4 ,*ronicle ( ,fra ,salimb5i4 #d4 ,*ronicle ( ! ,tribulations4 #e4 ,! ,fioretti & _! ,app5dices4 #f4 ,*ronicle ( ! ,,xxiv4 ,g5]als4 #g4 ,! ,con=mities ( ,b>tolommeo di ,pisa4 #h4 ,glassb]g]'s ,*ronicle4 #i4 ,*ronicle ( ,m>k ( ,lisbon4 ,v4 ,,*ronicl]s ,,n ,,( ,,! ,,ord]4 #a4 ,jacques de ,vitry4 #b4 ,?omas ( ,spalato4 #c4 ,div]s ,*ronicl]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,s\rces ,!re are few lives 9 hi/ory s abundantly provid$ ) docum5ts z t ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is w p]haps surprise ! read]1 b to conv9ce himself he has only to run ov] ! prec$+ li/1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has be5 made z succ9ct z possible4 ,x is admitt$ 9 le>n$ circles t ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ?is biography h disappe>$ or h be5 entirely alt]$4 ,! exagg]ation ( c]ta9 religi\s writ]s1 :o accept ev]y?+1 & among sev]al acc\nts ( ! same fact always *oose ! longe/ & mo/ m>vell\s1 has l$ to a l exagg]ation 9 ! contr>y s5se4 ,if x 7 necess>y to po9t out ! results ( ^! two excesses z !y affect ea* ev5t1 ?is volume w\ld ne$ to be twice & ev5 f\r times z l>ge z x is4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ^! que/ions w f9d 9 ! notes brief indications ( ! orig9al docum5ts on :i* ea* n>rative is bas$4#a ,to close ! subject ( ! errors :i* are curr5t 9 ! ,franciscan docum5ts1 & to %[ 9 a few l9es _! extreme importance1 ,i %all take two examples4 ,among our own contempor>ies no "o has s well spok5 on ! subject ( ,/4 ,francis z ,m4 ,r5an2 he comes back to him ) affect+ piety1 & he 0 9 a bett] condition ?an any "o to "k ! s\rces ( ?is hi/ory4 ,& yet he does n hesitate to say 9 8 /udy ( ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun1 ,francis's be/ kn[n "w3 ,! au!nticity ( ?is piece appe>s c]ta91 b we mu/ obs]ve t we h n ! ,italian orig9al4 ,! ,italian text :i* we possess is a translation ( a ,portuguese v]sion1 :i* 0 itself translat$ f ! ,spani%4#b ,& yet ! primitive ,italian exi/s#c n only 9 num]\s manuscripts 9 ,italy & ,france1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,maz>9e ,libr>y1#d b also 9 ! well-kn[n book ( ! ,con=mities4#e ,an error1 grave f q ano!r po9t ( view1 is made by ! same au?or :5 he d5ies ! au!nticity ( ,/4 ,francis's ,w2 ?is piece is n only ! noble/ expression ( its au?or's religi\s feel+1 x con/itutes also a sort ( autobiography1 & conta9s ! solemn & sc>cely disguis$ revocation ( all ! concessions :i* _h be5 wrung f him4 ,we h already se5 t its au!nticity is n to be *all5g$4#f ,?is d\ble example w1 ,i hope1 suffice to %[ ! necessity ( beg9n+ ?is /udy by a consci5ti\s exam9ation ( ! s\rces4 ,if ! em95t hi/orian to :om ,i h allud$ 7 /ill liv+1 he w\ld h = ?is page 8 l>ge & b5evol5t smile1 t simple1 ,oui1 oui1 :i* once made 8 pupils 9 ! little hall ( ! ,college de ,france to tremble ) emotion4 ,i d n "k :at he w\ld ?9k ( ?is book1 b ,i well "k t he w\ld love ! _s 9 :i* x 0 und]tak51 & w\ld easily p>don me = hav+ *os5 him = scape-goat ( my wra? aga9/ ! le>n$ m5 & biograph]s4 ,! docum5ts to be exam9$ h be5 divid$ into five categories4 ,! fir/ includes ,/4 ,francis's works4 ,! second1 biographies prop]ly s call$4 ,! ?ird1 diplomatic docum5ts4 ,! f\r?1 *ronicles ( ! ,ord]4 ,! fif?1 *ronicles ( au?ors n ( ! ,ord]4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,if any /ud5t f9ds himself emb>rass$ by ! extreme r>ity ( c]ta9 works cit$1 ,i %all make x my duty & pleasure to s5d !m to him1 z well z a copy ( ! ,italian manuscripts4 #b ,e4 ,r5an3 ,n\velles etudes d'hi/oire religieuse1 ,p>is1 #ahhd1 #hvo1 p4 #cca4 #c ,see above1 pp4 #cjd ff4 #d ,maz>9e ,libr>y1 ,,ms4 #heca3 ,speculum p]fectionis ,s4 ,francisci2 ! ,canticle is f\nd at fo4 #ea4 ,cf4 ,,ms41 #acej 7date ( #adei74 ,t text 0 publi%$ by ,boehm] 9 ! ,romanis*e ,/udi51 ,halle1 #ahga4 pp4 #aah-abb4 ,d] ,sonn5gesang v4 ,fr4 d',a4 #e ,con=m4 7,milan1 #aeaj71 #bjb;b1 #bs4 ,= t matt] x is correct t ,diola1 9 ! ,croni*e degli ord9i in/ituti da ,s4 ,francisco 7,v5ice1 #afjf1 #c vols4 #dto71 translat$ aft] ! ,ca/ilian v]sion ( ! "w compos$ 9 ,portuguese by ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 0 fooli% en\gh to r5d] into ,italian ?is translation ( a translation4 #f ,see pages #ccc ff4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,/4 ,,francis',s ,,works ,! writ+s ( ,/4 ,francis#a are assur$ly ! be/ s\rce ( acqua9tance ) him2 we c only be surpris$ to f9d !m s neglect$ by mo/ ( 8 biograph]s4 ,x is true t !y give little in=mation z to 8 life1 & furni% nei!r dates nor facts1#b b !y d bett]1 !y m>k ! /ages ( 8 ?\ght & ( 8 spiritual developm5t4 ,! leg5ds give u ,francis z he appe>$1 & by t v fact suff] 9 "s degree ! compulsion ( circum/ances2 !y are oblig$ to b5d to ! exig5cies ( 8 position z g5]al ( an ,ord] approv$ by ! ,*ur*1 z miracle-work]1 & z sa9t4 ,8 works1 on ! contr>y1 %[ u 8 v s\l2 ea* phrase has n only be5 ?\ght1 b liv$2 !y br+ u ! ,pov]ello's emotions1 /ill alive & palpitat+4 ,s1 :5 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,franciscans we f9d any utt]ance ( _! ma/]1 x unconsci\sly betrays itself1 s\nd+ out sudd5ly 9 a sweet1 pure tone :i* p5etrates to y\r v he>t1 awak5+ ) a ?rill a sprite t 0 sleep+ !re4 ,?is bloom ( love endu+ ,/4 ,francis's words w\ld be an admirable crit]ion ( ! au!nticity ( ^? opuscules :i* tradition attributes to him2 b ! "w ( te/+ is nei!r long nor difficult4 ,if aft] 8 "t injudici\s attempts 7 "h & !re made to honor him ) miracles :i* he did n p]=m1 :i* he w\ld n ev5 h wi%$ to p]=m1 no attempt 0 ev] made to burd5 8 lit]>y ef=ts ) false or supposititi\s pieces4#c ,! be/ pro( ( ?is is t x is n until ,wadd+--t is to say1 until ! sev5te5? c5tury--t we f9d ! fir/ & only s]i\s attempt to collect ^! preci\s memorials4 ,sev]al ( !m h be5 lo/1#d b ^? :i* rema9 are en\gh to give u 9 "s sort ! refutation ( ! leg5ds4 ,9 ^! pages ,francis gives himself to 8 read]s1 z long ago he gave himself to 8 companions2 9 ea* "o ( !m a feel+1 a cry ( ! he>t1 or an aspiration t[>d ! ,invisible is prolong$ d[n to our own "t4 ,wadd+ ?\ght x 8 duty to give a place 9 8 collection to sev]al suspici\s pieces2 m ?an ?is1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! olde/ manuscripts t he _h be=e him1 he (t5 p]mitt$ himself to be l$ a/ray by sixte5?-c5tury writ]s ^: smalle/ conc]n 0 to be critical & accurate4 ,to avoid ! t$i\s & entirely negative task to :i* x w\ld be necess>y to proce$ if ,i took him = my />t+-po9t ,i %all conf9e myself to a positive /udy ( ?is "q4 ,all ! pieces :i* w be enum]at$ are f\nd 9 8 collection4 ,!y are sometimes cut up 9 a s+ul> way2 b 9 proportion z ea* docum5t is /udi$ we %all f9d suffici5t indications to enable u to make ! necess>y rectifications4 ,! ar*ives ( ,sacro ,conv5to ( ,assisi#e possess a manuscript ^: importance is n to be ov]e/imat$4 ,x has already be5 _m times /udi$1#f & be>s ! numb] #cch4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t a v important detail ( =m has be5 ov]look$4 ,x is ?is3 t ,no4 #cch is n "o manuscript1 b a collection ( manuscripts ( v diff]5t p]iods1 :i* 7 put toge!r because !y 7 ( v ne>ly ! same size1 & h be5 foliat$ 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,?is artificial "* ( ! collection %[s t ea* ( ! pieces :i* compose x ne$s to be exam9$ by itself1 & t x is impossible to say ( x z a :ole t x is ( ! ?irte5? or ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! "p t int]e/s u is p]fectly homog5e\s1 is =m$ ( ?ree p>*m5t books 7fol4 #ab;a-#dd;b7 & conta9s a "p ( ,francis's works4 #a4 ,! ,rule1 def9itively approv$ by ,honorius ,,iii41 ,novemb] #bj1 #abbcg 7fol4 #ab;a-#af;a74 #b4 ,/4 ,francis's ,w#h 7fol4 #af;a-#ah;a74 #c4 ,! ,admonitions#i 7fol4 #ah;a-#bc;b74 #d4 ,! ,lett] to all ,*ri/ians#aj 7fol4 #bc;b-#bh;a74 #e4 ,! lett] to all ! memb]s ( ! ,ord] assembl$ 9 ,*apt]-g5]al#aa 7fol4 #bh;a-#ca;a74 #f4 ,c\nsel to all cl]ics on ! respect to be paid to ! ,eu*>i/#ab 7fol41 #ca;b-#cb;b74 #g4 ,a v %ort piece prec$$ by ! rubric3 ,( ! virtues :i* adorn ! ,virg9 ,m>y & :i* ought to adorn ! holy s\l#ac 7fol4 #cb;b74 #h4 ,! ,laudes ,creatur>um1 or ,canticle ( ! ,sun#ad 7fol4 #cc;a74 #i4 ,a p>aphrase ( ! ,pat] introduc$ by ! rubric3 ,incipiunt laudes quas ord9avit4 ,b4 pat] no/] ,franciscus et dicebat ipsas ad omnes horas diei et noctis et ante (ficium ,b4 ,v4 ,m>iae sic incipi5s3 ,sanctissime ,pat]#ae 7fol4 #cd;a74 #aj4 ,! (fice ( ! ,passion 7#cd;b-#dc;a74 ,?is (fice1 :]e ! psalms are replac$ by sev]al s]ies ( biblical v]ses1 are design$ to make him :o repeats !m foll[1 h\r by h\r1 ! emotions ( ! ,crucifi$ ,"o f ! ev5+ ( ,holy ,?ursday4#af #aa4 ,a rule = fri>s 9 retreat 9 h]mitages#ag 7fol4 #dc;a-#dc;b74 ,a glance ov] ?is li/ is en\gh to %[ t ! works ( ,francis "h collect$ are address$ to all ! ,bro!rs1 or are a sort ( encyclicals1 :i* !y are *>g$ to pass on to ^? = :om !y are de/9$4 ,! v ord] ( ^! pieces %[s u t we h 9 ?is manuscript ! primitive libr>y ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or1 ! collection ( :i* ea* m9i/] 0 to c>ry ) him a copy4 ,x 0 truly _! viaticum4 ,mat!w ,p>is tells u ( 8 amazem5t at ! sight ( ^! =eign monks1 clo!d 9 pat*$ tunics1 & c>ry+ _! books 9 a sort ( case susp5d$ f _! necks4#ah ,! ,assisi manuscript 0 )\t d\bt de/9$ to ?is s]vice2 if x is sil5t on ! subject ( ! j\rneys x has made1 & ( ! ,bro!rs to :om x has be5 a guide & an inspiration1 x at lea/ br+s u1 m ?an all ! leg5ds1 into intimacy ) ,francis1 makes u ?rill 9 unison ) t he>t :i* nev] admitt$ a sep>ation betwe5 joy1 love1 & poetry4 ,z to ! date ( ?is manuscript1 "o mu/ ne$s be a paleograph] to det]m9e4 ,we h already f\nd a hypo!sis :i*1 if well gr\nd$1 w\ld c>ry x back to ! neighborhood ( #abdj4ai ,its cont5ts seem to c\nt5ance ?is e>ly date4 ,9 fact1 x conta9s sev]al pieces ( :i* ! ,manual ( ! ,bro!r ,m9or v e>ly rid itself4 ,v soon !y 7 cont5t to h only ! ,rule to keep company ) ! brevi>y2 sometimes !y add$ ! ,w4 ,b ! o!r writ+s1 if !y did n fall entirely into neglect1 ceas$ at lea/ to be ( daily usage4 ,^? ( ,/4 ,francis's writ+s :i* are n ( g5]al int]e/ or d n conc]n ! ,bro!rs naturally f9d no place 9 ?is collection4 ,9 ?is new category we mu/ range ! foll[+ docum5ts3 #a4 ,! ,rule ( #abba4bj #b4 ,! ,rule ( ! ,cl>isses1 :i* we no long] possess 9 its orig9al =m4#ba #c4 ,a sort ( special in/ruction = m9i/]s-g5]al4#bb #d4 ,a lett] to ,/4 ,cl>a4#bc #e4 ,ano!r lett] to ! same4#bd #f4 ,a lett] to ,bro!r ,leo4#be #g4 ,a few pray]s4#bf #h4 ,! b5$iction ( ,bro!r ,leo4 ,! orig9al autograph1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! treasury ( ,sacro ,conv5to1 has be5 v well reproduc$ by heliograph4#bg ,z to ! two fam\s hymns ,amor de c>itade#bh & ,9 foco l'amor mi mise1#bi !y _c be attribut$ to ,/4 ,francis1 at lea/ 9 _! pres5t =m4 ,x belongs to ,m4 ,monaci & 8 num]\s & le>n$ emulators to ?r[ light ^u ^! delicate que/ions by publi%+ 9 a sci5tific mann] ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( ,italian poetry4 ,i h already spok5 ( sev]al tracts ( :i* assur$ traces h be5 f\nd1 ?\gh !y !mselves are lo/4 ,!y are mu* m num]\s ?an w\ld at fir/ be suppos$4 ,9 ! mission>y zeal ( ! e>ly ye>s ! ,bro!rs w\ld n conc]n !mselves ) collect+ docum5ts4 ,we d n write our memoirs 9 ! fulness ( our y\?4 ,we mu/ also rememb] t ,portiuncula _h nei!r ar*ives nor libr>y4 ,x 0 a *apel t5 paces long1 ) a few huts ga!r$ ar\nd x4 ,! ,ord] 0 t5 ye>s old be=e x _h se5 any o!r ?an a s+le book3 a ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,bro!rs did n ev5 keep ?is "o4 ,francis1 hav+ no?+ else1 gave x to a poor woman :o ask$ = alms1 & :5 ,pietro di ,catania1 8 vic>1 express$ 8 surprise at ?is prodigality3 ,has %e n giv5 h] two sons to ! ,ord]8 repli$ ! ma/]#cj quickly4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,collect$ fir/ by ,wadd+ 7,antw]p1 #afbc1 #dto71 !y h be5 publi%$ _m times s9ce !n1 p>ticul>ly by ,de la ,haye 7,p>is1 #afda1 fo74 ,^! two editions hav+ become sc>ce1 7 republi%$--9 a v unsatisfactory mann]--by ! ,abbe ,horoy3 ,s4 ,francisci ,assisiatis op]a omnia 7,p>is1 #ahhj1 #dto74 ,= want ( a m exact edition1 t ( ,fa!r ,b]n>do da ,fivizzano is ! mo/ useful3 ,opuscoli di ,s4 ,francesco d',assisi1 #a vol41 #abmo1 pp4 #efd1 ,flor5ce1 #ahhj4 ,! ,lat9 text is accompani$ by an ,italian translation4 #b ,die ,briefe1 die unt] se9em ,nam5 geh51 moeg5 !ilweise ae*t se94 ,ab] sie trag5 kaum etwas zur naeh]5 ,k5ntniss bei und ko5n5 dah] fa/ ganz auss] ,a*t bleib54 ,muell]1 ,die ,anfa5ge des ,m9orit5ord5s1 ,freiburg1 #a vol41 #hvo1 #ahhe1 p4 #c4 #c ,pieces h be5 (t5 attribut$ to ,/4 ,francis :i* d n belong to him2 b ^? are un9t5tional errors & made )\t purpose4 ,! desire = lit]>y exactness is relatively ( rec5t date1 & x 0 easi] = ^? :o 7 ignorant ( ! au?or ( c]ta9 ,franciscan writ+s to attribute !m to ,/4 ,francis ?an to admit _! ignorance or to make deep rese>*es4 #d ,= example1 ! fir/ ,rule2 probably also a few canticles2 a lett] to ! ,bro!rs 9 ,france1 ,eccl41 #f2 ano!r to ! ,bro!rs 9 ,bologna3 ,pra$ix]at p] litt]am 9 qua fuit plurimum lat9um1 ,eccl41 ib42 a lett] to ,antony ( ,padua1 o!r ?an ! "o we h1 s9ce on ! witness ( ,celano x 0 address$3 ,fratri ,antonio episcopo meo 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #ii72 c]ta9 lett]s to ,/4 ,cl>a3 ,scripsit ,cl>ae et sororibus ad consolationem litt]am 9 qua dabat b5$ictionem suam et absolvebat1 etc4 ,con=m41 fo4 #ahe;a1 #a2 cf4 ,te/4 ,b4 ,cl>ae4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,augu/i1 t4 ii41 p4 #gfg3 ,plura scripta tradidit nobis1 ne po/ mortem suam decl9>emus a paup]tate2 c]ta9 lett]s to ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 #c ,soc41 #fg4 ,x is n to neglig5ce alone t we mu/ attribute ! loss ( _m ( ! epi/les3 ,quod nephas e/ cogit>e1 9 prov9cia ,m>*ie et 9 pluribus aliis locis te/am5tum beati ,francisci m&av]unt 7prelati ord9is7 di/ricte p] ob$i5tiam ab omnibus auf]i et comburi4 ,et uni fratri devoto et sancto1 cujus nom5 e/ ,n4 de ,rocanato combux]unt dicum te/am5tum sup] caput suum4 ,et toto conatu fu]unt solliciti1 annul>e scripta beati patris no/ri ,francisci1 9 quibus sua int5tio de obs]vantia regule decl>atur4 ,ub]t9o di ,casali1 apud ,ar*iv41 iii41 pp4 #afh-afi4 #e ,italy is too oblig+ to arti/s1 ar*aeologi/s1 & s*ol>s n to d !m ! favor ( dispos+ 9 a m practical mann] ?is tru/1 ! mo/ preci\s ( all ,umbria4 ,ev5 ) ! indefatigable k9dness ( ! curator1 ,m4 ,aless&ro1 & ( ! municipality ( ,assisi1 x is v difficult to pr(it by ^! treasures heap$ up 9 a d>k room )\t a table to write ^u4 #f ,9 p>ticul> by ,ehrle3 ,die hi/oris*5 ,h&s*rift5 von ,s4 ,francesco 9 ,assisi4 ,ar*iv41 t4 i41 p4 #dhd4 #g ,see pages #beb ff 444 & #bhc4 #h ,see pages #ccc ff4 #i ,see pages #bei ff4 #aj ,see page #cbe ff4 #aa ,see pages #cbb ff4 #ab ,see page #cbg4 #ac ,i give x entire3 ,reg9a sapi5tia1 ,dom9us te salvet1 cum tua sorore sancta pura simplicitate4--,dom9a sancta paup]tas1 ,domimus te salvet1 cum tua sorore sancta humilitate4--,dom9a sancta c>itas1 ,dom9us te salvet1 cum tua sorrore sancta ob$i5tia4 ,sanctissimae virtutes omnes1 vos salvet ,dom9us1 a quo v5itis et proc$itis4 ,its au!nticity is gu>ante$ by a citation by ,celano3 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aai4 ,cf4 #abf;b & #abg;a4 #ad ,see pages #cjd f4 #ae ,i %all n recur to ?is3 ! text is 9 ! ,con=mities #ach;a #b4 #af ,! au!nticity ( ?is s]vice1 to :i* !re is n a s+le allusion 9 ! biographies ( ,/4 ,francis1 is r5d]$ c]ta9 by ! life ( ,/4 ,cl>a3 ,(ficium crucis1 pr\t crucis amator ,franciscus in/itu]at 7,cl>a7 didicit et affectu simili frequ5tavit4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,augu/i1 t4 ii41 p4 #gfa;a4 #ag ,x beg9s3 ,illi qui volunt />e 9 h]emis4 ,?is text is also f\nd 9 ! ,con=mities1 #adc;a1 #a4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #dc2 see p4 #ig4 #ah ,nudis p$ibus inc$5tes1 funiculis c9cti1 tunicis griseis et tal>ibus peciatis1 insuto capucio ut5tes 444 nihil sibi ultra noctem res]vantes 444 libros cont9ue suos 444 9 =ulis a collo dep5d5tes bajulantes4 ,hi/oria ,anglorum1 ,p]tz3 ,script41 t4 #bh1 p4 #cig4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ace2 ,fior41 #e2 ,spec41 #de;b4 #ai ,see page #cbb n4 #bj ,see page #beb4 #ba ,see page #aeg4 #bb ,see pages #cah ff4 #bc ,see page #bci4 #bd ,see page #cbg4 #be ,see page #bfb4 #bf a4 ,sanctus ,dom9us ,deus no/]4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #abf;a2 ,firmam5tum1 #ah;b1 #b2 ,con=m41 #bjb;b1 #a4 b4 ,ave ,dom9a sancta4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #abg;a2 ,con=m41 #ach;a1 #b4 c4 ,sancta ,m>ia virgo4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #abf;b2 ,con=m41 #bjb;b1 #b4 #bg ,vide ,s4 ,francois1 9 #dto1 ,p>is4 #ahhe 7,plon71 p4 #bcc4 ,! au!nticity ( ?is b5$iction appe>s to be well e/abli%$1 s9ce x 0 already jeal\sly gu>d$ dur+ ! life ( ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,no "o has ev] dream$ ( requir+ hi/orical pro( ( ?is writ+4 ,is ?is p]haps a mi/ake8 ,! middle ( ! %eet is tak5 up ) ! b5$iction :i* 0 dictat$ to ,bro!r ,leo3 ,b5$icat tibi ,dom9us et cu/odiat te1 o/5dat faciem suam tibi et mis]eatur tui conv]tat vultum suum ad te et det tibi pacem4 ,at ! bottom1 ,francis add$ ! lett] tau4 ,greek3 ,tau1 :i* 01 s to speak1 8 signature 7,bon41 #ea2 #cjh71 & ! words3 ,frat] ,leo ,dom9us b5$icat te4 ,!n :5 ?is memorial became a "p ( ! relics ( ! ,sa9t1 ,bro!r ,leo1 to au!nticate x 9 a measure1 add$ ! foll[+ notes3 t[>d ! middle3 ,beatus ,franciscus scripsit manu sua i/am b5$ictionem mihi fratri ,leoni2 t[>d ! close3 ,simili modo fecit i/ud signum ?au cum capite manu sua4 ,b ! mo/ valuable annotation is f\nd at ! top ( ! %eet3 ,beatus ,franciscus duobus annis ante mortem suam fecit quadragesimam 9 loco ,alv]nae ad honorem ,beatae ,virg9ia ,m>iae matris ,dei et beati ,mi*ael ar*angeli a fe/o assumptionis sanctae ,m>iae ,virg9is usque ad fe/um sancti ,mi*ael septembris et facta e/ sup] eum manus ,dom9i p] visionem et allucotionem s]aphym et impressionem /igmatum 9 corpore suo4 ,fecit has laudes ex alio lat]e catule scriptas et manu1 sua scripsit gratias ag5s ,dom9o de b5eficio sibi collato4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #b1 #ah4 #bh ,wadd+ gives ! text accord+ to ,/4 ,b]n>d9o da ,si5a4 ,op]a1 t4 iv41 s]mo #af1 extraord4 et s]mo f]iae sextae ,p>asceves4 ,amoni3 ,leg5da trium sociorum1 p4 #aff4 #bi ,wadd+ has drawn ! text f ,/4 ,b]n>d9o1 loc4 cit41 s]mo iv41 extraord4 ,x 0 also reproduc$ by ,amoni1 loc4 cit41 p4 #afe4 ,two v curi\s v]sions may be f\nd 9 ! ,miscellanea1 #ahhh1 pp4 #if & #aij4 #cj #b ,cel41 #c1 #ce4 ,?is took place "u ! vic>iat ( ,pietro di ,catania2 consequ5tly betwe5 ,septemb] #bi1 #abbj1 & ,m>* #aj1 #abba4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii ,,biographies ,,prop]ly ,,s ,,call$ ,i4 ,,prelim9>y ,,note ,to =m a some:at exact notion ( ! docum5ts :i* are to occupy u1 we mu/ put !m back into ! mid/ ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y appe>$1 /udy !m 9 detail1 & det]m9e ! special value ( ea* "o4 ,"h1 m ?an any:]e else1 we mu/ bew>e ( facile !ories & ha/y g5]alizations4 ,! same life describ$ by two equally tru?ful contempor>ies may take on a v diff]5t color+4 ,?is is especially ! case if ! man conc]n$ has ar\s$ en?usiasm & wra?1 if 8 inmo/ ?\ght1 8 works1 h be5 ! subject ( discussion1 if ! v m5 :o 7 commission$ to realize 8 ideals & c>ry on 8 "w are divid$1 & at odds ) "o ano!r4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ,/4 ,francis4 ,9 8 lifetime & be=e 8 own eyes div]g5ces manife/$ !mselves1 at fir/ secretly1 !n 9 ! light ( day4 ,9 a rapture ( love he w5t f cottage to cottage1 f ca/le to ca/le1 prea*+ absolute pov]ty2 b t buoyant en?usiasm1 t unb\nd$ idealism1 c\ld n la/ long4 ,! ,ord] ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or 9 process ( gr[? 0 op5 n only to a few *oice spirits aflame ) my/ic f]vor1 b to all m5 :o aspir$ aft] a religi\s re=mation2 pi\s laym51 monks undeceiv$ z to ! virtues ( ! anci5t ,ord]s1 prie/s %ock$ at ! vices ( ! secul> cl]gy1 all br\ght ) !m--un9t5tionally no d\bt & ev5 unconsci\sly--too mu* ( _! old man n by degrees to trans=m ! in/itution4 ,francis p]ceiv$ ! p]il sev]al ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 & made e ef=t to av]t x4 ,ev5 9 8 dy+ h\r we see him summon+ all 8 p[]s to decl>e 8 ,w once aga91 & z cle>ly z possible1 & to conjure 8 ,bro!rs nev] to t\* ! ,rule1 ev5 "u pretext ( comm5t+ ^u or expla9+ x4 ,alas6 f\r ye>s _h n roll$ away :5 ,gregory ,,ix41 at ! pray] ( ! ,bro!rs !mselves1 became ! fir/ "o ( a long s]ies ( pontiffs :o h expla9$ ! ,rule4#a ,pov]ty1 z ,francis und]/ood x1 soon became only a memory4 ,! unexampl$ success ( ! ,ord] br\ght to x n m]ely new recruits1 b money4 ,h[ refuse x :5 !re 7 s _m works to f\nd8 ,_m ( ! fri>s discov]$ t _! ma/] _h exagg]at$ _m ?+s1 t %ades ( mean+ 7 to be obs]v$ 9 ! ,rule1 = example1 betwe5 c\nsels & precepts4 ,! door once op5$ to int]pretations1 x became impossible to close x4 ,! ,franciscan family began to be divid$ into oppos+ p>ties (t5 difficult to di/+ui%4 ,at fir/ !re 7 a few re/less1 undiscipl9$ m5 :o gr\p$ !mselves ar\nd ! old] fri>s4 ,! latt]1 9 _! "* ( fir/ companions ( ! ,sa9t1 f\nd a moral au?ority (t5 great] ?an ! (ficial au?ority ( ! m9i/]s & gu>dians4 ,! p turn$ to !m by in/9ct z to ! true cont9u]s ( ,/4 ,francis's "w4 ,!y 7 n f> f "r4 ,!y _h ! vigor1 ! vehem5ce ( absolute convictions2 !y c\ld n h temporiz$ _h !y desir$ to d s4 ,:5 !y em]g$ f _! h]mitages 9 ! ,ap5n9es1 _! eyes %9+ ) ! fev] ( _! ideas1 absorb$ 9 contemplation1 _! :ole be+ spoke ( ! radiant visions !y enjoy$2 & ! amaz$ & subdu$ multitude w\ld kneel to kiss ! pr9ts ( _! feet ) he>ts my/]i\sly /irr$4 ,a l>g] gr\p 0 t ( ^? ,bro!rs :o condemn$ ^! me?ods )\t be+ any ! less sa9ts4 ,born f> away f ,umbria1 9 c\ntries :]e nature seems to be a /ep-"m1 :]e adoration1 f> f be+ ! in/9ctive act ( a happy s\l so>+ upw>d to bless ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 is1 on ! contr>y1 ! despair+ cry ( an atom lo/ 9 imm5sity1 !y desir$ above all ?+s a religi\s re=mation1 rational & pr(\nd4 ,!y dream$ ( br++ ! ,*ur* back to ! purity ( ! anci5t days1 & saw 9 ! v[ ( pov]ty1 und]/ood 9 its l>ge/ s5se1 ! be/ means ( /ruggl+ aga9/ ! vices ( ! cl]gy2 b !y =got ! fre%ness1 ! ,italian gayety1 ! sunny poetry t !re _h be5 9 ,francis's mission4 ,full ( admiration = him1 !y yet desir$ to enl>ge ! f\ndations ( 8 "w1 & = t !y w\ld neglect no means ( influ5ce1 c]ta9ly n le>n+4 ,?is t5d5cy 0 ! dom9ant "o 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&4 ,9 ,italy x 0 repres5t$ by a v p[]ful p>ty1 p[]ful if n 9 ! numb]1 at lea/ 9 ! au?ority1 ( its repres5tatives4 ,?is 0 ! p>ty favor$ by ! papacy4 ,x 0 ! p>ty ( ,bro!r ,elias & all ! m9i/]s-g5]al ( ! ,ord] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 if we except ,giovanni di ,p>ma 7#abdg-abeg7 & ,raimondo ,gaufridi 7#abhi-abie74 ,9 ,italy a ?ird gr\p1 ! lib]als1 0 mu* m num]\s2 m5 ( m$iocrity to :om mona/ic life appe>$ ! mo/ facile exi/5ce1 vagrant monks happy to secure an aft]ma? ( success by display+ ! new ,rule1 =m$ 9 ?is c\ntry ! great] "p ( ! ,franciscan family4 ,we c und]/& )\t difficulty t docum5ts emanat+ f su* diff]5t qu>t]s mu/ be> ! impress ( _! orig94 ,! m5 :o are to br+ u _! te/imony are combatants 9 ! /ruggle ov] ! "q ( pov]ty1 a /ruggle :i* = two c5turies agitat$ ! ,*ur*1 ar\s$ all consci5ces1 & :i* _h its mon/]s & its m>tyrs4 ,to det]m9e ! value ( ^! witnesses we mu/ fir/ ( all discov] _! orig94 ,x is evid5t t ! n>ratives ( ! no-compromise p>ty ( ! "r or ! left c h b sl5d] value :]e controv]t$ po9ts are conc]n$2 :5ce ! conclusion t ! au?ority ( a n>rator may v>y f page to page1 or ev5 f l9e to l9e4 ,^! consid]ations1 s simple t "o almo/ ne$s to beg p>don = utt]+ !m1 h n1 h[ev]1 guid$ ^? :o h /udi$ ,/4 ,francis's life4 ,! mo/ le>n$1 l ,wadd+ & ,pap9i1 h br\ght toge!r ! n>ratives ( diff]5t biograph]s1 "h & !re prun+ ^? t are too contradictory2 b !y h done ?is at r&om1 ) nei!r rule nor me?od1 guid$ by ! impression ( ! mom5t4 ,! long "w ( ! ,boll&i/ ,suysk5 is vitiat$ by an analog\s fault2 fix$ 9 8 pr9ciple t ! olde/ docum5ts are always ! be/1#b he takes 8 /& ^u ! fir/ ,life ( ,?omas ( ,celano z ^u an impregnable rock1 & judges all o!r leg5ds by t "o4#c ,:5 we connect ! docum5ts ) ! di/urb$ circum/ances :i* br\ght !m into be+1 "s ( !m lose a little ( _! au?ority1 o!rs :i* h be5 neglect$1 z be+ 9 contradiction ) witnesses :o h become s to say (ficial1 sudd5ly recov] cr$it1 & 9 fact all ga9 a new life :i* d\bles _! int]e/4 ,?is alt]$ po9t ( view 9 ! valuation ( ! s\rces1 ?is criticism :i* ,i am incl9$ to call reciprocal & organic1 br+s ab\t pr(\nd alt]ations 9 ! biography ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,by a ph5om5on :i* may appe> /range we end by sket*+ a portrait ( him mu* m l t :i* exi/s 9 ! popul> imag9ation ( ,italy ?an t made by ! le>n$ hi/orians above m5tion$4 ,:5 ,francis di$ 7#abbf7 ! p>ties :i* divid$ ! ,ord] _h already ent]$ into conflict4 ,t ev5t precipitat$ ! crisis3 ,bro!r ,elias _h be5 = five ye>s ex]cis+ ! functions ( m9i/]-g5]al ) ! title ( vic>4 ,he display$ an amaz+ activity4 ,intr5*$ 9 ! confid5ce ( ,gregory ,,ix4 he remov$ ! ,zelanti f _! *>ges1 /r5g!n$ ! discipl9e ev5 9 ! mo/ remote prov9ces1 obta9$ num]\s privileges f ! curia1 & ) incr$ible rapidity prep>$ = ! build+ ( ! d\ble basilica1 de/9$ = ! repose ( ! a%es ( ! ,/igmatiz$ ,sa9t2 b not)/&+ all 8 ef=ts1 ! *apt] ( #abbg set him aside & *ose ,giovanni ,p>5ti z m9i/]-g5]al4 ,furi\s at ?is *eck1 he imm$iately set all influ5ces to "w to be *os5 at ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,x ev5 seems z if he paid no att5tion to ! nom9ation ( ,giovanni ,p>5ti1 & cont9u$ to g on z if he _h be5 m9i/]4#d ,v popul> among ! ,assisans1 :o 7 dazzl$ by ! magnific5ce ( ! monum5t :i* 0 spr++ up on ! ,hill ( ,hell1 n[ become ! ,hill ( ,p>adise1 sure ( be+ support$ by a consid]able p>ty 9 ! ,ord] & by ! pope1 he pu%$ =w>d ! "w on ! basilica ) a decision & success p]haps unique 9 ! annals ( ar*itecture4#e ,all ?is c\ld n be done )\t ar\s+ ! indignation ( ! ,zealots ( pov]ty4 ,:5 !y saw a monum5tal poor-box1 design$ to receive ! alms ( ! fai?ful1 ^u ! tomb ( him :o _h =bidd5 8 disciples ! m]e contact ( money1 x seem$ to !m t ,francis's prophecy ( ! apo/asy ( a "p ( ! ,ord] 0 ab\t to be fulfill$4 ,a tempe/ ( revolt swept ov] ! h]mitages ( ,umbria4 ,mu/ !y n1 by any means1 prev5t ?is abom9ation 9 ! holy place8 ,!y knew t ,elias 0 t]rible 9 8 sev]ities1 b 8 oppon5ts felt 9 !mselves c\rage to g to ! la/ extremity1 & suff] ev]y?+ to def5d _! convictions4 ,"o day ! poor-box 0 f\nd %att]$ by ,bro!r ,leo & 8 fri5ds4#f ,to ?is degree ( int5sity ! /ruggle _h arriv$4 ,at ?is crisis ! fir/ leg5d appe>$4 ,,ii4 ,fir/ ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano#g ,?omas ( ,celano1 9 writ+ ?is leg5d1 to :i* he 0 lat] to return = its completion1 obey$ an express ord] ( ,pope ,gregory ,,ix4#h ,:y did he n apply to "o ( ! ,bro!rs ( ! ,sa9t's imm$iate circle8 ,! tal5t ( ?is au?or might expla9 ?is *oice1 b besides ! fact t lit]>y consid]ations w\ld 9 ?is case hold a second>y place1 ,bro!r ,leo & sev]al o!rs prov$ lat] t !y also knew h[ to h&le ! p54 ,if ,celano 0 put 9 tru/ ) ! (ficial biography1 x is because1 be+ equally 9 sympa?y ) ,gregory ,,ix4 & ,bro!r ,elias1 8 abs5ce _h kept him out ( ! conflicts :i* _h m>k$ ! la/ ye>s ( ,francis's life4 ,( an ir5ic temp]1 he belong$ to ! category ( ^? s\ls :o easily p]suade !mselves t ob$i5ce is ! fir/ ( virtues1 t e sup]ior is a sa9t2 & if unluckily he is n1 t we %\ld none ! less act z ?\gh he 74 ,we h "s k ( 8 life4 ,a native ( ,celano 9 ! ,abruzzi1 he discreetly obs]ves t 8 family 0 noble1 ev5 add+1 ) a t\* ( artless simplicity1 t ! ma/] _h a peculi> reg>d = noble & educat$ ,bro!rs4 ,he ent]$ ! ,ord] ab\t #abae1i on ! return ( ,francis f ,spa94 ,at ! *apt] ( #abba ,caes> ( ,spey]1 *>g$ ) ! mission to ,g]many1 took him among ^? :o 7 to accompany him4#aj ,9 #abbc he 0 nam$ cu/ode ( ,may5ce1 ,worms1 ,cologne1 & ,spey]4 ,9 ,april ( ! same ye>1 :5 ,caes> return$ to ,italy1 dev\r$ ) ! long+ to see ,/4 ,francis aga91 he commission$ ,celano to execute 8 functions until ! arrival ( ! new prov9cial4#aa ,we h no in=mation z to :]e he 0 aft] ! *apt]-g5]al held at ,spey] ,septemb] #h1 #abbc4 ,he mu/ h be5 9 ,assisi 9 #abbh1 = 8 acc\nt ( ! canonization is t ( an eye-witness4 ,he 0 !re aga9 9 #abcj1 & d\btless clo!d ) an important (fice1 s9ce he c\ld commit to ,bro!r ,giordano ! relics ( ,/4 ,francis4#ab ,writt5 9 a pleas+ /yle1 v (t5 poetic1 8 "w brea!s an affect+ admiration = 8 h]o2 8 te/imony at once makes itself felt z s9c]e & true3 :5 he is p>tial x is )\t int5tion & ev5 )\t 8 k4 ,! weak po9t 9 ?is biography is ! picture :i* x outl9es ( ! relations betwe5 ,bro!r ,elias & ! f\nd] ( ! ,ord]3 f ! *apt]s devot$ to ! la/ two ye>s we receive a v cle> impression t ,elias 0 nam$ by ,francis to succe$ him4#ac ,n[ if we reflect t at ! "t :5 ,celano wrote1 ,giovanni ,p>5ti 0 m9i/]-g5]al1 we at once p]ceive ! be>+ ( ^! indications4#ad ,e opportunity is seiz$ to give a prepond]at+ importance to ,elias4#ae ,x is a true manife/o 9 8 favor4 ,h we reason to blame ,celano8 ,i ?9k n4 ,we mu/ simply rememb] t 8 "w might ) ju/ice be call$ ! leg5d ( ,gregory ,,ix4 ,elias 0 ! pope's man1 & ! biography is work$ up f ! in=mation he gave4 ,he c\ld n avoid dwell+ ) peculi> satisfaction ^u 8 intimacy ) ,francis4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we _c expect to f9d "h su* details z might h su/a9$ ! pret5sion ( ! adv]s>ies ( ,elias1 ^? unruly ,zealots :o 7 already pr\dly adorn+ !mselves ) ! title ( ,companions ( ! ,sa9t & endeavor+ to con/itute a sort ( spiritual ari/ocracy 9 ! ,ord]4 ,among !m 7 f\r :o dur+ ! la/ two ye>s _h n1 s to say1 quitt$ ,francis4 ,we c imag9e h[ difficult x 0 n to speak ( !m4 ,celano c>efully omits to m5tion _! names "u pretext ( sp>+ _! mode/y2#af b by ! praises lavi%$ ^u ,gregory ,,ix41 ,bro!r ,elias1#ag ,/4 ,cl>a1#ah & ev5 ^u v second>y p]sons1 he %[s t 8 discretion is f> f be+ always s al]t4 ,all ?is is v s]i\s1 b we mu/ n exagg]ate x4 ,!re is an evid5t p>tiality1 b x w\ld be unju/ to g f>!r & believe1 z m5 did lat]1 t ! la/ "p ( ,francis's life 0 an active /ruggle aga9/ ! v p]son ( ,elias4 ,a /ruggle !re surely 01 b x 0 aga9/ t5d5cies ^: spr+ ,francis did n p]ceive4 ,he c>ri$ ) him to 8 tomb 8 delusion z to 8 co-labor]4 ,= t matt] ?is defect is aft] all second>y s f> z ! physiognomy ( ,francis himself is conc]n$4 ,9 ,celano's ,life1 z 9 ! ,?ree ,companions or ! ,fioretti1 he appe>s ) a smile = all joys1 & floods ( te>s = all woes2 we feel ev]y:]e ! re/ra9$ emotion ( ! writ]2 8 he>t is subject$ by ! moral beauty ( 8 h]o4 ,,iii4 ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,f #abcj-abdd ,:5 ,?omas ( ,celano clos$ 8 leg5d he p]ceiv$ m ?an anyone ! defici5cies ( 8 "w1 = :i* he _h be5 able to collect b insuffici5t mat]ial4 ,elias & ! o!r ,assisan bro!rs _h told him ( ,francis's y\? & 8 activity 9 ,umbria2 b besides t he w\ld h pref]r$1 :e!r f prud5ce or f love ( peace1 to keep sil5ce ^u c]ta9 ev5ts1#ai !re 7 long p]iods ^u :i* he _h n receiv$ a s+le item ( in=mation4#bj ,he !re=e seems to indicate 8 int5tion ( resum+ & complet+ 8 "w4#ba ,?is is n ! place to write ! hi/ory ( ! ,ord]1 b a few facts are necess>y to put ! docum5ts into _! prop] surr\nd+s4 ,elect$ m9i/]-g5]al 9 #abcb1 ,bro!r ,elias took advantage ( ! fact to labor ) indomitable en]gy t[>d ! realization ( 8 own ideas4 ,9 all ! prov9ces new collections 7 organiz$ = ! ,basilica ( ,assisi1 ! "w ^u :i* 0 pu%$ ) an activity :i* h[ev] injur$ nei!r ! /r5g? ( ! edifice nor ! beauty ( its details1 :i* are z f9i%$ & p]fect z ^? ( any monum5t 9 ,europe4 ,we may conceive ( ! enorm\s sums :i* x _h be5 necess>y to raise 9 ord] to complete su* an ent]prise 9 s %ort a "t4 ,m ?an t1 ,bro!r ,elias exact$ absolute ob$i5ce f all 8 subord9ates2 nam+ & remov+ ! prov9cial m9i/]s accord+ to 8 p]sonal views1 he neglect$ to convoke ! *apt]-g5]al1 & s5t 8 emiss>ies "u ! "n ( visitors into all ! prov9ces to secure ! execution ( 8 ord]s4 ,! mod]ate p>ty 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,engl& v soon f\nd 8 yoke insupportable4 ,x 0 h>d = !m to be direct$ by an ,italian m9i/] resid5t at ,assisi1 a small t[n q aside f ! highways ( civilization1 entirely a /rang] to ! sci5tific movem5t conc5tr$ 9 ! univ]sities ( ,ox=d1 ,p>is1 & ,bologna4 ,9 ! indignation ( ! ,zelanti aga9/ ,elias & 8 contempt = ! ,rule1 !y f\nd a decisive support4 ,v soon ! m9i/] _h = 8 def5ce no?+ b 8 own en]gy1 & ! favor ( ! pope & ( ! few ,italian mod]ates4 ,by a great increase ( vigilance & sev]ity he repress$ sev]al attempts at revolt4 ,8 adv]s>ies1 h[ev]1 succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ secret intellig5ce at ! c\rt ( ,rome2 ev5 ! pope's confessor 0 ga9$2 yet 9 spite ( all ^! circum/ances1 ! success ( ! conspiracy 0 /ill unc]ta9 :5 ! *apt] ( #abci op5$4 ,gregory ,,ix41 /ill favorable to ,elias1#bb presid$4 ,fe> gave sudd5 c\rage to ! conspirators2 !y ?rew _! accusations 9 _! enemy's face4 ,?omas ( ,eccle/on gives a highly color$ n>rative ( :at took place4 ,elias 0 pr\d1 viol5t1 ev5 ?reat5+4 ,!re 7 cries & vocif]ations f bo? sides2 !y 7 ab\t to come to bl[s :5 a few words f ! pope re/or$ sil5ce4 ,he _h made up 8 m9d to ab&on 8 protege4 ,he ask$ = 8 resignation4 ,elias indignantly refus$4 ,gregory ,,ix4 !n expla9$ t 9 keep+ him 9 *>ge he _h ?\ght himself act+ 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! majority3 t he _h no int5tion to dom9ate ! ,ord]1 &1 s9ce ! ,bro!rs no long] desir$ ,elias1 he decl>$ him depos$ f ! g5]alate4 ,! joy ( ! victors1 says ,eccle/on1 0 imm5se & ineffable4 ,!y *ose ,alb]to di ,pisa1 prov9cial ( ,engl&1 to succe$ him1 & f t "t b5t all _! ef=ts to repres5t ,elias z a creature ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4#bc ,! =m] m9i/] wrote inde$ to ! pope to expla9 8 conduct1 b ! lett] did n rea* its de/9ation4 ,x mu/ h rea*$ ! h&s ( 8 successor1 & n be5 s5t =w>d2 :5 ,alb]to ( ,pisa di$ x 0 f\nd 9 8 tunic4#bd ,all ! fury ( ! ag$ pontiff 0 un*a9$ aga9/ ,elias4 ,"o mu/ read ! docum5ts to see to :at a height 8 ang] c\ld rise4 ,! fri> retort$ ) a virul5ce :i* ?\gh less wordy 0 f> m ov]p[]+4#be ,^! ev5ts ga9$ an indescribable notoriety#bf all ov] ,europe & ?rew ! ,ord] into pr(\nd di/urbance4 ,_m ( ! p>tisans ( ,elias became conv9c$ t !y _h be5 deceiv$ by an impo/or1 & !y drew t[>d ! gr\p ( ,zealots1 :o nev] ceas$ to dem& ! obs]vance pure & simple ( ! ,rule & ! ,w4 ,?omas ( ,celano 0 ( ?is numb]4#bg ,) pr(\nd sadness he saw ! innum]able influ5ces t 7 secretly und]m9+ ! ,franciscan in/itute & m5ac+ x ) ru94 ,already a refra9 0 go+ ! r\nds ( ! conv5ts1 s++ ! victory ( ,p>is ov] ,assisi1 t is1 ( le>n+ ov] pov]ty4 ,! ,zealots ga9$ new c\rage4 ,unaccu/om$ to ! subtleties ( ecclesia/ical politics1 !y did n p]ceive t ! pope1 :ile condemn+ ,bro!r ,elias1 _h 9 n[ise modifi$ ! g5]al c\rse :i* he _h m>k$ out = ! ,ord]4 ,! m9i/]s-g5]al1 ,alb]to di ,pisa1 #abci-abdj1 ,aymon ( ,fav]%am1 #abdj-abdd1 ,cresc5tius de ,jesi1 #abdd-abdg1 7 all1 ) diff]5t %ades ( mean+1 repres5tatives ( ! mod]ate p>ty4 ,?omas ( ,celano's fir/ leg5d _h become impossible4 ,! prom95ce !re giv5 to ,elias 0 almo/ a sc&al4 ,! necessity ( work+ x ov] & complet+ x became cle>ly evid5t at ! *apt] ( ,g5oa 7#abdd74 ,all ! ,bro!rs :o _h any?+ to tell ab\t ,francis's life 7 invit$ to commit x to writ+ & s5d x to ! m9i/] ,cresc5tius de ,jesi4#bh ,! latt] imm$iately caus$ a tract to be drawn up 9 ! =m ( a dialogue1 comm5c+ ) ! words3 ,v5]abilium ge/a ,patrum4 ,s soon aft] z ! "t ( ,b]n>d de ,besse1 only fragm5ts ( ?is 7 left4#bi ,b happily sev]al ( ! works :i* saw ! light 9 consequ5ce ( ! decision ( ?is *apt] h be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,x is to ?is t we owe ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions & ! ,second ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano4 ,,iv4 ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,companions#cj ,! life ( ,/4 ,francis :i* has come d[n to u "u ! "n ( ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions 0 f9i%$ on ,augu/ #aa1 #abdf1 9 a little conv5t 9 ! vale ( ,rieti1 :i* appe>s (t5 9 ! c\rse ( ?is hi/ory1 t ( ,greccio4 ,?is h]mitage _h be5 ,francis's favorite abode1 especially 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life4 ,he _h ?us made x d\bly de> to ! he>ts ( 8 disciples4#ca ,x naturally became1 f ! e>lie/ days ( ! ,ord]1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,obs]vants1#cb & x rema9s ?r\gh all ! c5turies "o ( ! pure/ c5tres ( ,franciscan piety4 ,! au?ors ( ?is leg5d 7 m5 wor?y to tell ,/4 ,francis's /ory1 & p]haps ! mo/ capable ( do+ x3 ! fri>s ,leo1 ,angelo1 & ,ruf9o4 ,all ?ree _h liv$ 9 intimacy ) him1 & _h be5 8 companions ?r\gh ! mo/ important ye>s4 ,m ?an ?is1 !y took ! tr\ble to g to o!rs = fur!r in=mation1 p>ticul>ly to ,filippo1 ! visitor ( ! ,cl>isses1 to ,illum9ato di ,rieti1 ,masseo di ,m>ignano1 ,john1 ! confidant ( ,egidio1 & ,b]n>do di ,qu9tavalle4 ,su* names z ^! promise mu*1 & happily we are n disappo9t$ 9 our expectation4 ,z x has come d[n to u1 ?is docum5t is ! only "o wor?y f ! po9t ( view ( hi/ory to be plac$ beside ! ,fir/ ,life by ,celano4 ,! names ( ! au?ors & ! date ( ! composition indicate be=e exam9ation ! t5d5cy ) :i* x is likely to be 9 h>mony4 ,x is ! fir/ manife/o ( ! ,bro!rs :o rema9$ fai?ful to ! _s & lett] ( ! ,rule4 ,?is is confirm$ by an att5tive read+2 x is at lea/ z mu* a panegyric ( ,pov]ty z a hi/ory ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,we naturally expect to see ! ,?ree ,companions relat+ to u ) a v p>ticul> delight ! innum]able features ( ! leg5ds ( :i* ,greccio 0 ! !atre2 we turn to ! end ( ! volume1 expect+ to f9d ! /ory ( ! la/ ye>s ( :i* !y 7 witnesses1 & are lo/ 9 surprise to f9d no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,:ile ! fir/ half ( ! "w describes ,francis's y\?1 fill+ out "h & !re ,celano's ,fir/ ,life1 ! second#cc is devot$ to a picture ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,ord]1 a picture ( incomp>able fre%ness & int5sity ( life2 b /rangely en\gh1 aft] hav+ told u s mu* at l5g? ( ,francis's y\? & !n ( ! fir/ days ( ! ,ord]1 ! /ory abruptly leaps ov] f ! ye> #abbj to ! dea? & ! canonization1 to :i* aft] all only a few pages are giv54#cd ,?is is too extraord9>y to be ! result ( *ance4 ,:at has happ5$8 ,x is evid5t t ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions z we h x to-day is only a fragm5t ( ! orig9al1 :i* 0 no d\bt revis$1 correct$1 & consid]ably cut d[n by ! au?orities ( ! ,ord] be=e !y w\ld p]mit x to be circulat$4#ce ,if ! au?ors _h be5 int]rupt$ 9 _! "w1 & oblig$ to cut %ort ! end1 z might h be5 ! case1 !y w\ld h said s 9 _! lett] ( envoy1 b !re are /ill o!r argum5ts 9 favor ( our hypo!sis4 ,bro!r ,leo hav+ _h ! fir/ & pr9cipal "p 9 ! production ( ! "w ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 x is (t5 call$ ,bro!r ,leo's ,leg5d2 n[ ,bro!r ,leo's ,leg5d is sev]al times cit$ by ,ub]t9i di ,casali1 arraign$ be=e ! c\rt ( ,avignon by ! p>ty ( ! ,common ,obs]vance4 ,evid5tly ,ub]t9i w\ld h tak5 good c>e n to appeal to an apocryphal docum5t2 a false citation w\ld h be5 en\gh to br+ him to confusion1 & 8 enemies w\ld n h fail$ to make ! mo/ ( 8 imprud5ce4 ,we h at h& all ! docum5ts ( ! trial1#cf attacks1 replies1 c\nt] replies1 & n[h]e d we see ! ,lib]als accuse _! adv]s>y ( falsehood4 ,= t matt]1 ! latt] makes 8 citations ) a precision t admits ( no cavil4#cg ,he appeals to writ+s to be f\nd 9 a press 9 ! conv5t ( ,assisi1 ( :i* he gives sometimes a copy1 sometimes an orig9al4#ch ,we are !n au?oriz$ to conclude t we h "h fragm5ts :i* h surviv$ ! suppression ( ! la/ & mo/ important "p ( ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! "w ( ,francis's de>e/ fri5ds %\ld h be5 s s]i\sly mutilat$4 ,x 0 ! manife/o ( a p>ty t ,cresc5tius 0 hunt+ d[n ) all 8 p[]4 ,aft] ! fleet+ reaction ( ! g5]alate ( ,giovanni di ,p>ma we %all see a man ( wor? l ,/4 ,bonav5tura mov+ = ! suppression ( all ! primitive leg5ds t 8 own compilation may be sub/itut$ = !m4 ,x is truly s+ul> t no "o has p]ceiv$ ! fragm5t>y /ate ( ! "w ( ! ,?ree ,companions4 ,! prologue alone might h sugge/$ ?is idea4 ,:y %\ld x take ?ree to write a few pages8 ,:y ?is solemn enum]ation ( ,bro!rs ^: te/imony & collaboration are ask$ =8 ,!re w\ld be a surpris+ disproportion betwe5 ! ef=t & ! result4 ,m ?an all1 ! au?ors say t !y %all n /op at relat+ ! miracles1 b !y desire above all to exhibit ! ideas ( ,francis & 8 life ) ! ,bro!rs1 b we se>* 9 va9 = any acc\nt ( miracles 9 :at we n[ h4#ci ,an ,italian translation ( ?is leg5d1 publi%$ by ,fa!r ,/anislaus ,mel*iorri1#dj has sudd5ly giv5 me an indirect confirmation ( ?is po9t ( view4 ,?is monk is only its publi%]1 & has simply be5 able to discov] t 9 #aegg x 0 tak5 f a v anci5t manuscript by a c]ta9 ,muzio ,a*illei di ,san ,sev]9o4#da ,?is ,italian translation conta9$ only ! la/ *apt]s ( ! leg5d1 ^? :i* tell ( ! dea?1 ! /igmata1 & ! translation ( ! rema9s4#db ,x 01 !n1 made at a "t :5 ! suppress$ portion _h n be5 replac$ by a %ort summ>y ( ! o!r leg5ds4 ,f all ?is two conclusions em]ge = ! critics3 #a4 ,?is f9al summ>y has n ! same au?ority z ! re/ ( ! "w1 s9ce ! "t :5 x 0 add$ is unkn[n4 #b4 ,fragm5ts ( a leg5d by ,bro!r ,leo or by ! ,?ree ,companions scatt]$ ?r\gh lat] compilations may be p]fectly au!ntic4 ,9 its pres5t condition ?is leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions is ! f9e/ piece ( ,franciscan lit]ature1 & "o ( ! mo/ delightful productions ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re is some?+ indescribably sweet1 confid+1 *a/e1 9 ^! pages1 an en]gy ( virile y\? :i* ! ,fioretti sugge/ b nev] atta9 to4 ,at m ?an six hundr$ ye>s ( di/ance ! pure/ dream t ev] ?rill$ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* seems to live aga94 ,^! fri>s ( ,greccio1 :o1 scatt]$ ov] ! m\nta91 "u ! %ade ( ! olive-trees1 pass$ _! days 9 s++ ! ,hymn ( ! ,sun1 are ! true models ( ! primitive ,umbrian ,ma/]s4 ,!y are all alike2 !y are awkw>dly pos$2 ev]y?+ 9 & ar\nd !m s9s aga9/ ! mo/ elem5t>y rules ( art1 & yet _! memory pursues y1 & :5 y h long =gott5 ! works ( impeccable mod]n arti/s y recall )\t ef=t ^! creations ( ^? unkn[n pa9t]s2 = love calls = love1 & ^! vapid p]sonages h v true & pure he>ts1 a m ?an human love %9es =? f _! :ole be+1 !y speak to y & make y bett]4 ,su* is ?is book1 ! fir/ utt]ance ( ! ,spiritual ,franciscans1 9 :i* we already see ! com+ to life ( "s ( ^? bold doctr9es t n only divid$ ! ,franciscan family into two ho/ile bran*es1 b :i* 7 to br+ "s ( _! def5d]s to ! h]etic's /ake4#dc ,v4 ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,! ,,suppress$ ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,companions ,we may n[ take a /ep =w>d & try to gr\p ! fragm5ts ( ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 or ( ,bro!r ,leo1 :i* are to be f\nd 9 lat] writ+s4 ,we mu/ "h be m ?an ev] on our gu>d aga9/ absolute !ories2 "o ( ! mo/ fruitful pr9ciples ( hi/oric criticism is to pref] contempor>y docum5ts1 or at lea/ ^? :i* are ne>e/ !m2 b ev5 ) ^! x is necess>y to use a little discretion4 ,x seems impossible to attack ! reason+ ( ! ,boll&i/s1 :o refuse to "k any?+ ( leg5ds writt5 aft] t ( ,/4 ,bonav5tura 7#abfj71 "u pretext t1 com+ aft] sev]al o!r au?oriz$ biographies1 he 0 bett] situat$ ?an anyone = gett+ in=mation & complet+ ! "w ( 8 pr$ecessors4#dd ,9 reality ?is is absurd1 = x assumes t ,bonav5tura und]took to write z a hi/orian4 ,?is is to =get t he wrote n only = ! purpose ( edification1 b also z m9i/]-g5]al ( ! ,m9or ,bro!rs4 ,f ?is fact 8 fir/ duty 0 to keep sil5t on _m facts1 & ^? n ! lea/ int]e/+4 ,:at %all we say ( a biography :]e ,francis's ,w is n ev5 m5tion$8 ,x is easy to turn away f a writ+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 on ! gr\nd t ! au?or did n see :at 0 go+ on a hundr$ ye>s be=e2 /ill we mu/ n =get t _m books ( ! end ( ! ,middle ,ages resemble ^? old mansions at :i* f\r or five g5]ators h toil$4 ,an inscription on _! front (t5 only %[s ! t\* ( ! la/ re/or] or ! la/ de/roy]1 & ! names :i* are set =? ) ! greate/ complac5cy are n always ^? ( ! real workm54 ,su* h be5 _m ,franciscan books2 to attribute !m to any "o au?or w\ld be impracticable2 v diff]5t h&s h work$ ^u !m1 & su* an amalgam has its own *>m & int]e/4 ,turn+ !m ov]--,i _h almo/ said associat+ ) !m--we come to see cle>ly into ?is tangl$ web1 = e "w ( man be>s ! trace ( ! h& t made x3 ?is trace may p]haps be ( an almo/ imp]ceptible delicacy2 x exi/s none ! less1 ready to reveal itself to practis$ eyes4 ,:at is m imp]sonal ?an ! photograph ( a l&scape or ( a pa9t+1 & yet among sev]al hundr$s ( pro(s ! amateur w g /raight to ! "w ( ! op]ator he pref]s4 ,^! reflections 7 sugge/$ by ! c>eful /udy ( a curi\s book pr9t$ _m times s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,speculum ,vitae ,s4 ,francisci et sociorum ejus4#de ,a complete /udy ( ?is "w1 its s\rces1 its pr9t$ editions1 ! num]\s diff]5ces 9 ! manuscripts1 w\ld by itself require a volume & an epitome ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,ord]4 ,i c give "h only a few notes1 tak+ = base ! olde/ edition1 t ( #aejd4 ,! confusion :i* reigns "h is frightful4 ,incid5ts 9 ! life ( ,francis & 8 companions are br\ght toge!r ) no plan2 sev]al ( !m are repeat$ aft] ! int]val ( a few pages 9 a q diff]5t mann]2#df c]ta9 *apt]s are s awkw>dly introduc$ t ! compil] has =gott5 to remove ! numb] t !y bore 9 ! "w f :i* he borr[$ !m2#dg f9ally1 to our great surprise1 we f9d sev]al ,incipit4#dh ,h[ev]1 ) a little p]sev]ance we soon p]ceive a few op5+s 9 ! labyr9?4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 "h are sev]al *apt]s ( ! leg5d ( ,bonav5tura :i* seem to h be5 put 9 ! van z if to protect ! re/ ( ! book4 ,if we ab/ract !m & ! :ole s]ies ( *apt]s f ! ,fioretti1 we %all h dim9i%$ ! "w by ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,if we take away two m *apt]s tak5 f ,/4 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux & ^? conta9+ ,franciscan pray]s1 or v>i\s atte/ations conc]n+ ! indulg5ce ( ,portiuncula1 we f9ally arrive at a sort ( residue1 if ! expression may be =giv51 ( a rem>kable homog5eity4 ,"h ! /yle is v diff]5t f t 9 ! surr\nd+ pages1 closely recall+ t ( ! ,?ree ,companions2 a s+le ?\ght inspires ^! pages1 t ! corn]-/one ( ! ,ord] is ! love ( pov]ty4 ,:y %\ld we n h "h "s fragm5ts ( ! orig9al leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions8 ,we f9d "h no?+ :i* does n fit 9 ) :at we "k1 no?+ :i* sugge/s ! embelli%m5ts ( a late tradition4 ,to confirm ?is hypo!sis come diff]5t passages :i* we f9d cit$ by ,ub]t9i di ,casali & by ,angelo ,cl>5o z be+ by ,bro!r ,leo1 & an att5tive comp>ison ( ! text %[s t ^! au?ors c nei!r h drawn !m f ! ,speculum nor ! ,speculum f !m4 ,!re is1 besides1 "o phrase :i*1 ap>t f ! inspiration & /yle1 w suffice at ! fir/ glance to m>k ! common orig9 ( mo/ ( ^! pieces4#di ,nos qui cum ipso fuimus4 ,we :o h be5 ) him4 ,^! words1 :i* recur 9 almo/ e incid5t1#di are 9 _m cases only a grateful tribute to _! spiritual fa!r1 b sometimes1 too1 !y h a t\* ( bitt]ness4 ,^! h]mits ( ,greccio sudd5ly recall to m9d _! rights4 ,are we n ! only1 ! true int]pret]s ( ! ,sa9t's in/ructions--we :o liv$ cont9ually ) him2 we :o1 h\r aft] h\r1 h m$itat$ ^u 8 words1 8 sighs1 & 8 hymns8 ,we c und]/& t su* pret5sions 7 n to ! ta/e ( ! ,common ,obs]vance1 & t ,cresc5tius1 ) an inconte/able au?ority1 has suppress$ ne>ly all ?is leg5d4#ea ,z = ! fragm5ts t h be5 pres]v$ to u1 ?\gh !y furni% _m details ab\t ! la/ ye>s ( ,/4 ,francis's life1 !y /ill are n ^? ^: loss is s mu* to be regrett$4 ,! au?ors :o reproduce !m 7 def5d+ a cause4 ,we owe !m little m ?an ! incid5ts :i* 9 "o way or ano!r conc]n ! "q ( pov]ty4 ,!y _h no?+ to d ) ! o!r acc\nts1 z !y 7 n writ+ a biography4 ,b ev5 )9 ^! n>r[ limits ^! fragm5ts are 9 ! fir/ ord] ( importance2 & ,i h n hesitat$ to use !m l>gely4 ,x is ne$less to say t :ile ascrib+ _! orig9 to ! ,?ree ,companions1 & 9 p>ticul> to ,bro!r ,leo1 we mu/ n suppose t we h ! v lett] 9 ! texts :i* h come d[n to u4 ,! pieces giv5 by ,ub]t9i di ,casali & ,angelo ,cl>5o are actual citations1 & des]ve full confid5ce z su*4 ,z = ^? :i* are pres]v$ to u 9 ! ,speculum1 !y may (t5 h be5 abridg$1 explanatory notes may h slipp$ into ! text1 b n[h]e d we f9d int]polations 9 ! bad s5se ( ! ^w4#eb ,f9ally1 if we comp>e ! fragm5ts ) ! correspond+ acc\nts 9 ! ,second ,life ( ,celano1 we see t ! latt] has (t5 borr[$ v]batim f ,bro!r ,leo1 b g5]ally he has consid]ably abridg$ ! passages1 add+ reflections "h & !re1 especially ret\*+ ! /yle to make x m elegant4 ,su* a comp>ison soon proves t ,bro!r ,leo's n>ratives are ! orig9al & t x is impossible to see 9 !m a lat] amplification ( ^? ( ,?omas ( ,celano1 z we might at fir/ be tempt$ to ?9k !m4#ec ,,vi4 ,,second ,,life ,,by ,,?omas ,,( ,,celano#ed ,fir/ ,"p ,9 consequ5ce ( ! decision ( ! *apt] ( #abdd se>* 0 begun 9 all qu>t]s = memorials ( ! e>ly times ( ! ,ord]4 ,9 view ( ! ardor ( ?is inquiry1 9 :i* zeal = ! glory ( ! ,franciscan in/itute c]ta9ly ca/ ! int]e/s ( hi/ory into ! backgr\nd1 ! m9i/]-g5]al1 ,cresc5tius1 0 oblig$ to take c]ta9 precautions4 ,_m ( ! pieces t he receiv$ 7 do+ d\ble duty2 o!rs might contradict "o ano!r2 _m ( !m1 "u color ( tell+ ! life ( ! ,sa9t1 _h no o!r object ?an to oppose ! pres5t to ! pa/4 ,x soon became imp]ative to con/itute a sort ( commission *>g$ to /udy & coo]d9ate all ?is matt]4#ee ,:at m natural ?an to put ,?omas ( ,celano at its head8 ,ev] s9ce ! approbation ( ! fir/ leg5d by ,gregory ,,ix4 he _h appe>$ to be 9 a s5se ! (ficial hi/oriograph] ( ! ,ord]4#ef ,?is view accords p]fectly ) ! cont5ts ( ! sev5te5 *apt]s :i* conta9 ! fir/ "p ( ! second leg5d4 ,x (f]s itself at ! outset z a compilation4 ,celano is surr\nd$ ) companions :o help him4#eg ,a m att5tive exam9ation %[s t its pr9cipal s\rce is ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 :i* ! compil]s work$ ov]1 sometimes fill+ out c]ta9 details1 m (t5 mak+ l>ge excisions4 ,ev]y?+ t does n conc]n ,/4 ,francis is ru?lessly proscrib$2 we feel ! well-def9$ purpose to leave 9 ! backgr\nd ! disciples :o s complac5tly plac$ !mselves 9 ! =egr\nd4#eh ,! "w ( ! ,?ree ,companions _h be5 f9i%$ ,augu/ #aa1 #abdf4 ,on ,july #ac1 #abdg1 ! *apt] ( ,lyons put an end to ! p[]s ( ,cresc5tius4 ,x is1 !re=e1 betwe5 ^! two dates t we mu/ place ! composition ( ! fir/ "p ( ,?omas ( ,celano's ,second ,life4#ei ,,vii4 ,,second ,,life ,,by ,,?omas ,,( ,,celano#ei ,second ,"p ,! election ( ,giovanni di ,p>ma 7#abdg-abeg7 z successor ( ,cresc5tius 0 a victory = ! ,zealots4 ,?is man1 9 ^: "w-table ! birds came to make _! ne/s1#fa 0 to a/oni% ! _w by 8 virtues4 ,no "o saw m deeply into ,/4 ,francis's he>t1 no "o 0 m wor?y to take up & cont9ue 8 "w4 ,he soon ask$ ,celano to resume 8 "w4#fb ,! latt] 0 p]haps alone at fir/1 b little by little a gr\p ( collaborators =m$ itself anew ab\t him4#fc ,!nce=? no?+ prev5t$ 8 do+ ) t portion ( ! "w ( ! ,?ree ,companions :i* ,cresc5tius _h suppress$ :at he _h already done ) ! "p he _h approv$4 ,! ,leg5d ( ,bro!r ,leo has ?us come d[n to u1 entirely work$ ov] by ,?omas ( ,celano1 abridg$ & ) all its fre%ness gone1 b /ill ( capital importance 9 ! abs5ce ( ! major "p ( ! orig9al4 ,! ev5ts ( :i* we possess two acc\nts p]mit u to measure ! ext5t ( our loss4 ,we f9d1 9 fact1 9 ,celano's compilation all t we expect$ to f9d 9 ! ,?ree ,companions3 ! incid5ts belong especially to ! la/ two ye>s ( ,francis's life1 & ! sc5e ( _m ( !m is ei!r ,greccio or "o ( ! h]mitages ( ! vale ( ,rieti2#fd accord+ to tradition1 ,bro!r ,leo 0 ! h]o ( a great numb] ( ! incid5ts "h relat$#fe & all ! citations t ,ub]t9i di ,casali makes f ,bro!r ,leo's book f9d _! correspond5ts "h4#ff ,?is second "p ( ! ,second ,life p]fectly reflects ! new circum/ances to :i* x owes its exi/5ce4 ,! "q ( ,pov]ty dom9ates ev]y?+2#fg ! /ruggle betwe5 ! two p>ties 9 ! ,ord] reveals itself on e page2 ! collaborators are det]m9$ t ea* ev5t n>rat$ %all be an indirect lesson to ! ,lib]als1 to :om !y oppose ! ,spirituals2 ! popes _h comm5t$ on ! ,rule 9 ! l>ge s5se2 !y1 on _! side1 und]took to comm5t on x 9 a s5se at once lit]al & spiritual1 by ! actions & words ( its au?or himself4 ,hi/ory has h>dly any "p "h except z ! vehicle ( a !sis1 a fact :i* dim9i%es no?+ ( ! hi/oric value ( ! in=mation giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ^! pages4 ,b :ile 9 ,celano's ,fir/ ,life & 9 ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions ! facts succe$ "o ano!r organically1 "h !y are plac$ side by side4 ,!re=e :5 we come to read ?is "w we are s5sible ( a fall2 ev5 f ! lit]>y po9t ( view ! inf]iority makes itself cruelly felt4 ,in/ead ( a poem we h be=e u a catalogue1 v clev]ly made1 x is true1 b ) no p[] to move u4 ,,viii4 ,,notes ,,on ,a ,,few ,,second>y ,,docum5ts a4 ,celano's ,life ( ,/4 ,francis = ,use 9 ! ,*oir4 ,?omas ( ,celano made also a %ort leg5d = use 9 ! *oir4 ,x is divid$ into n9e lessons & s]v$ = ! ,franciscan brevi>ies up to ! "t :5 ,/4 ,bonav5tura made 8 ,leg5da ,m9or4 ,t ( ,celano may be f\nd 9 "p 7! fir/ ?ree lessons7 9 ! ,assisi ,,ms4 #cch1 fol4 #eb;a-#ec;b2 x is prec$$ by a lett] ( envoy3 ,roga/i me frat] ,b5$icte1 ut de leg5da ,b4 ,p4 ,n4 ,f4 qua$am excip]em et 9 novem lectionum s]iem ord9>em 444 etc4 ,b4 ,franciscus de civitate ,assisii ortus a pu]ilibus annis nutritus extitit insol5t]4 ,?is "w has no hi/oric importance4 b4 ,life ( ,/4 ,francis 9 ,v]se4 ,9 ! li/ ( biograph]s has sometimes be5 c\nt$ a poem 9 hexamet] v]se#fh ! text ( :i* 0 edit$ 9 #ahhb by ! lam5t$ ,cri/(ani4#fi ,?is "w does n furni% a s+le new hi/oric note4 ,x is ! ,life by ,celano 9 v]se & no?+ m2 ! au?or's desire 0 to figure z a poet4 ,x is sup]flu\s1 !re=e1 to conc]n ourselves ) x4#fi c4 ,biography ( ,/4 ,francis by ,giovanni di ,cep]ano4 ,"o ( ! biographies :i* disappe>$1 no d\bt 9 consequ5ce ( ! decision ( ! *apt] ( #abff1ga is t ( ,giovanni di ,cep]ano4 ,! resemblance ( 8 "n to t ( ,?omas ( ,celano has occasion$ mu* confusion4#gb ,! mo/ preci\s in=mation :i* we h respect+ him is giv5 by ,b]n>d ( ,besse 9 ! op5+ ( 8 ,de laudibus ,/4 ,francisci3 ,pl5am virtutibus ,b4 ,francisci vitam scripsit 9 ,italia exquisitae vir eloqu5tiae fr4 ,?omas jub5te ,dom9o ,gregorio papa ,,ix4 et eam quae incipit3 ,quasi /ella matut9a vir v5]abilis ,dom9us et f]tur ,joannes1 ,apo/olicae s$is not>ius4#gc ,9 ! face ( s precise a text all d\bt z to ! exi/5ce ( ! "w ( ,giovanni di ,cep]ano is impossible4 ,! ,rev]5d ,fa!r ,d5ifle has be5 able to ?r[ new light ^u ?is "q4 ,9 a manuscript conta9+ ! liturgy ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or & f9i%$ 9 #abef he f\nd ! n9e lessons = ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,francis prec$$ by ! title3 ,ex ge/is ejus abbreviatis quae sic incipiunt3 ,quasi /ella 7,zeits*rift fu] ka?4 ,!ol41 vii41 p4 #gaj4 ,cf4 ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #adh74 ,?is summ>y ( ,cep]ano's "w gives1 z we %\ld expect1 no new in=mation2 b p]haps we ne$ n despair ( f9d+ ! v "w ( ?is au?or4 d4 ,life ( ,/4 ,francis by ,bro!r ,julian4 ,x 0 d\btless ab\t #abcj t ,bro!r ,julian1 ! ,teuton1 :o _h be5 *apel-ma/] at ! c\rt ( ! ,k+ ( ,france1 0 commission$ to put ! f9i%+ t\*es to ! ,(fice ( ,/4 ,francis4#gd ,evid5tly su* a "w w\ld conta9 no?+ orig9al1 & its loss is little felt4 ,,ix4 ,,leg5d ,,( ,,/4 ,,bonav5tura ,"u ! g5]alate ( ,giovanni di ,p>ma 7#abdg-abeg7 ! ,franciscan p>ties und]w5t modifications1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* _! opposition became /ill m /rik+ ?an be=e4 ,! ,zelanti1 ) ! m9i/]-g5]al at _! head1 en?usia/ically adopt$ ! views ( ,gioac*9o di ,fiore4 ,! pr$ictions ( ! ,calabrian abbot correspond$ too well ) _! inmo/ convictions = any o!r c\rse to be possible3 !y seem$ to see ,francis1 z a new ,*ri/1 inaugurat+ ! ?ird era ( ! _w4 ,= a few ye>s ^! dreams mov$ all ,europe2 ! fai? ( ! ,joa*imites 0 s ard5t t x made its way by its own =ce2 sceptics l ,salimb5i told !mselves t on ! :ole x 0 surely wis] n to be tak5 unaw>es by ! great cata/rophe ( #abfj1 & ha/5$ 9 cr[ds to ! cell ( ,hy]es to be initiat$ by ,hugues de ,digne 9 ! my/]ies ( ! new times3 z to ! p1 !y wait$1 trembl+1 divid$ betwe5 hope & t]ror4 ,nev]!less _! adv]s>ies did n consid] !mselves beat51 & ! ,lib]al p>ty /ill rema9$ ! mo/ num]\s4 ,( an angelic purity1 ,giovanni di ,p>ma believ$ 9 ! omnipot5ce ( example3 ev5ts %[$ h[ mi/ak5 he 02 at ! close ( 8 t]m ( (fice sc&als 7 n less flagrant ?an t5 ye>s e>li]4#ge ,betwe5 ^! two extreme p>ties1 aga9/ :i* he 0 to proce$ ) equal rigor1 /ood t ( ! ,mod]ates1 to :i* belong$ ,/4 ,bonav5tura4#gf ,a my/ic1 b ( a =mal & or?odox my/icism1 he saw ! revolution t[>d :i* ! ,*ur* 0 ha/5+ if ! p>ty ( ! et]nal ,gospel 0 to triumph2 its victory w\ld n be t ( ?is or t h]esy 9 detail1 x w\ld be1 ) brief delay1 ! ru9 ( ! entire ecclesia/ical edifice2 he 0 too p]spicaci\s n to see t 9 ! la/ analysis ! /ruggle !n go+ on 0 t ( ! individual consci5ce aga9/ au?ority4 ,?is expla9s1 & up to a c]ta9 po9t ga9s him p>don =1 8 sev]ities aga9/ 8 oppon5ts2 he 0 support$ by ! c\rt ( ,rome & by all ^? :o desir$ to make ! ,ord] a s*ool at once ( piety & ( le>n+4 ,no soon] 0 he elect$ g5]al ?an1 ) a purpose t nev] knew hesitation1 & a w ^: firmness made itself ev]y:]e felt1 he took 8 /eps to =w>d ?is d\ble aim4 ,on ! v morr[ ( 8 nom9ation he sket*$ ! programme ( re=ms aga9/ ! ,lib]al p>ty1 & at ! same "t secur$ ! summons ( ! ,joa*imite ,bro!rs be=e an ecclesia/ical tribunal at ,citta-della-,pieve4 ,?is tribunal condemn$ !m to p]petual imprisonm5t1 & x ne$$ ! p]sonal int]v5tion ( ,c>d9al ,ottobonus1 ! future ,adrian ,v41 = ,giovanni di ,p>ma to be left free to retire to ! ,conv5t ( ,greccio4 ,! fir/ *apt] held "u ! presid5ce ( ,bonav5tura1 9 ! ext5d$ decisions ( :i* we f9d ev]y:]e tok5s ( 8 influ5ce1 assembl$ at ,n>bonne 9 #abfj4 ,he 0 !n commission$ to compose a new life ( ,/4 ,francis4#gg ,we easily und]/& ! anxieties to :i* ?is decision ( ! ,bro!rs 0 an answ]4 ,! numb] ( leg5ds _h greatly increas$1 = besides ^? :i* we h fir/ /udi$ or not$ !re 7 o!rs 9 exi/5ce :i* h completely disappe>$1 & x _h become equally difficult = ! ,bro!rs :o w5t =? on missions ei!r to make a *oice betwe5 !m or to c>ry !m all4 ,! c\rse ( ! new hi/orian 0 !re=e cle>ly m>k$ out3 he mu/ d ! "w ( compil] & peacemak]4 ,he fail$ 9 nei!r4 ,8 book is a true %eaf1 or r x is a mill/one "u :i* ! indefatigable au?or has press$1 some:at at haz>d1 ! %eaves ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,mo/ ( ! "t he ins]ts !m j z !y are1 conf9+ himself to ! "w ( h>ve/+ !m & we$+ out ! t>es4 ,!re=e1 :5 we rea* ! end ( ?is volum9\s "w we h a v vague impression ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,we see t he 0 a sa9t1 a v great sa9t1 s9ce he p]=m$ an innum]able quantity ( miracles1 great & small2 b we feel v mu* z if we _h be5 go+ ?r\gh a %op ( objects ( piety4 ,all ^! /atues1 :e!r !y are call$ ,/4 ,an?ony ! ,abbot1 ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ,/4 ,!resa1 or ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul1 h ! same expression ( m9c+ humility1 ( a some:at %all[ ec/asy4 ,^! are sa9ts1 if y please1 miracle-work]s2 !y are n m52 he :o made !m made !m by rule1 by process2 he has put no?+ ( 8 he>t 9 ^! ev]-b[$ =eheads1 ^! lips ) _! wan smile4 ,god =bid t ,i %\ld say or ?9k t ,/4 ,bonav5tura 0 n wor?y to write a life ( ,/4 ,francis1 b ! circum/ances controll$ 8 "w1 & x is no inju/ice to him to say t x is =tunate = ,francis1 & especially = u1 t we h ano!r biography ( ! ,pov]ello ?an t ( ! ,s]aphic ,doctor4 ,?ree ye>s aft]1 9 #abfc1 he br\ght 8 complet$ "w to ! *apt]-g5]al convok$ "u 8 presid5ce at ,pisa4 ,x 0 !re solemnly approv$4#gh ,x is impossible to say :e!r !y ?\ght t ! pres5ce ( ! new leg5d w\ld suffice to put ! old ones out ( m9d1 b x seems t at ?is "t no?+ 0 said ab\t ! latt]4 ,x 0 n s at ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,?is "o1 held at ,p>is1 came to a decision de/9$ to h disa/r\s results = ! primitive ,franciscan docum5ts4 ,?is decree1 emanat+ f an assembly presid$ ov] by ,bonav5tura 9 p]son1 is too important n to be quot$ textually3 ,item1 ! ,*apt]-g5]al orda9s on ob$i5ce t all ! leg5ds ( ! ,bless$ ,francis =m]ly made %all be de/roy$4 ,! ,bro!rs :o %all f9d any )\t ! ,ord] mu/ try to make away ) !m s9ce ! leg5d made by ! ,g5]al is compil$ f acc\nts ( ?ree :o almo/ always accompani$ ! ,bless$ ,francis2 all t !y c\ld c]ta9ly "k & all t is prov5 has be5 c>efully ins]t$ !re94#gi ,x w\ld h be5 difficult to be m precise4 ,we see ! p]sev]ance ) :i* ,bonav5tura c>ri$ on 8 /ruggle aga9/ ! extreme p>ties4 ,?is decree expla9s ! almo/ complete disappe>ance ( ! manuscripts ( ,celano & ! ,?ree ,companions1 s9ce 9 c]ta9 collections ev5 ^? ( ,bonav5tura's leg5d are h>dly to be f\nd4 ,z we h se51 ,bonav5tura aim$ to write a sort ( (ficial or canonical biography2 he succe$$ only too well4 ,mo/ ( ! acc\nts t we already "k h gone into 8 collection1 b n )\t at times suff]+ pr(\nd mutilations4 ,we are n surpris$ to f9d him pass+ ov] ,francis's y\? ) m discretion ?an ,celano 9 ! ,fir/ ,life1 b we regret to f9d him ornam5t+ & mat]ializ+ "s ( ! lovelie/ incid5ts ( ! e>li] leg5ds4 ,x is n en\gh = him t ,francis he>s ! crucifix ( ,/4 ,d>aian speak2 he pauses to lay /ress on ! ass]tion t he he>d x corporeis auribus & t no "o 0 9 ! *apel at t mom5t6 ,bro!r ,monaldo at ! *apt] ( ,arles sees ,/4 ,francis appe> corporeis oculis4 ,he (t5 abridges 8 pr$ecessors1 b ?is is n 8 inv>iable rule4 ,:5 he rea*es ! acc\nt ( ! /igmata he devotes long pages to x1#gi relates a sort ( consultation held by ,/4 ,francis z to :e!r he c\ld conceal !m1 & adds sev]al miracles due to ^! sacr$ w\nds2 fur!r on he returns to ! subject to %[ a c]ta9 ,girolamo1 ,knight ( ,assisi1 desir+ to t\* ) 8 h&s ! miracul\s nails4#ha ,on ! o!r h&1 he uses a significant discretion :]ev] ! companions ( ! ,sa9t are 9 "q4 ,he names only ?ree ( ! fir/ elev5 disciples1#hb & no m m5tions ,bro!rs ,leo1 ,angelo1 ,ruf9o1 ,masseo1 ?an _! adv]s>y1 ,bro!r ,elias4 ,z to ! incid5ts :i* we f9d = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is collection1 !y h>dly make u regret ! unkn[n s\rces :i* mu/ h be5 at ! s]vice ( ! fam\s ,doctor2 x w\ld appe> t ! heal+ ( ,morico1 re/or$ to heal? by a few pellets ( bread soak$ 9 ! oil ( ! lamp :i* burn$ be=e ! alt> ( ! ,virg91#hc has little m importance = ! life ( ,/4 ,francis ?an ! /ory ( ! %eep giv5 to ,giacom9a di ,settesoli :i* awak5$ its mi/ress to summon h] to g to mass4#hd ,:at %all we ?9k ( t o!r %eep1 ( ,portiuncula1 :i* ha/5$ to ! *oir :5ev] x he>d ! psalmody ( ! fri>s1 & kneel$ dev\tly = ! elevation ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t8#he ,all ^! incid5ts1 ! li/ ( :i* might be enl>g$1#hf betrays ! work+-ov] ( ! leg5d4 ,/4 ,francis becomes a great ?aumaturgi/1 b 8 physiognomy loses its orig9ality4 ,! greate/ fault ( ?is "w is1 9 fact1 ! vagu5ess ( ! figure ( ! ,sa9t4 ,:ile 9 ,celano !re are ! l>ge l9es ( a s\l-hi/ory1 a sket* ( ! affect+ drama ( a man :o atta9s to ! conque/ ( himself1 ) ,bonav5tura all ?is int]ior action disappe>s be=e div9e int]v5tions2 8 he>t is1 s to speak1 ! geometrical locality ( a c]ta9 numb] ( visitants2 he is a passive in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 & we really _c see :y he %\ld h be5 *os5 r ?an ano!r4 ,& yet ,bonav5tura 0 an ,italian2 he _h se5 ,umbria2 he mu/ h knelt & celebrat$ ! sacr$ my/]ies 9 ,portiuncula1 t cradle ( ! noble/ ( religi\s re=mations2 he _h conv]s$ ) ,bro!r ,egidio1 & mu/ h he>d f 8 lips an e*o ( ! fir/ ,franciscan f]vor2 b1 alas6 no?+ ( t rapture pass$ into 8 book1 & if ! tru? mu/ be told1 ,i f9d x q inf]ior to mu* lat] docum5ts1 to ! ,fioretti1 = example2 = !y und]/ood1 at lea/ 9 "p1 ! s\l ( ,francis2 !y felt ! ?robb+ ( t he>t1 ) all its s5sitiv5ess1 admiration1 indulg5ce1 love1 indep5d5ce1 & abs5ce ( c>efulness4 ,x4 ,,de ,,laudibus ,,( ,,b]n>d ,,( ,,besse#hg ,bonav5tura's "w did n disc\rage ! biograph]s4 ,! hi/oric value ( _! labor is almo/ no?+1 & we %all n ev5 attempt to catalogue !m4 ,b]n>d ( ,besse1 a native probably ( ! s\? ( ,france#hh & secret>y ( ,bonav5tura1#hi made a summ>y ( ! e>li] leg5ds4 ,?is "w1 :i* br+s u no au!ntic hi/oric indication1 is int]e/+ only = ! c>e ) :i* ! au?or has not$ ! places :]e repose ! ,bro!rs :o di$ 9 odor ( sanctity1 & relates a mass ( visions all t5d+ to prove ! excell5ce ( ! ,ord]4#hi ,/ill ! publication ( ?is docum5t w p]=m ! valuable (fice ( ?r[+ a little light ^u ! difficult "q ( ! s\rces4 ,sev]al passages ( ! ,de laudibus appe> aga9 textually 9 ! ,speculum1#ia & z a s+le glance is en\gh to %[ t ! ,speculum did n copy ! ,de laudibus1 x mu/ be t ,b]n>d ( ,besse _h be=e him a copy1 if n ( ! ,speculum at lea/ ( a docum5t ( ! same k9d4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,bull ,quo elongati ( ,septemb] #bh1 #abcj4 ,see p4 #ccf4 #b ,x is ne$less to say t ,i h no desire to put myself 9 opposition to t pr9ciple1 "o ( ! mo/ fruitful ( criticism1 b /ill x %\ld n be employ$ alone4 #c ,! le>n$ works t h appe>$ 9 ,g]many 9 late ye>s err 9 ! same way4 ,!y w be f\nd cit$ 9 ! body ( ! "w4 #d ,eccl41 #ac4 ,volu]unt ipsi1 quos ad capitulam concess]at v5ire frat] ,helias2 nam omnes concessit1 etc4 ,an4 fr41 t4 i41 p4 #bda4 ,cf4 ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t41 #bh1 p4 #efd4 #e ,! dea? ( ,francis occurr$ on ,octob] #c1 #abbf4 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #abbh1 ,elias acquir$ ! site = ! basilica4 ,! ,in/rum5tum donationis is /ill pres]v$ at ,assisi3 ,piece ,no4 #a ( ! twelf? package ( ,in/rum5ta div]sa p]t95tia ad ,sacrum ,conv5tum4 ,x has be5 publi%$ by ,?ode3 ,franz von ,assisi1 p4 #cei4 ,on ,july #ag? ( ! same ye>1 ! day aft] ! canonization1 ,gregory ,,ix4 solemnly laid ! fir/ /one4 ,less ?an two ye>s aft]w>d ! ,l[] *ur* 0 f9i%$1 & on ,may #be1 #abcj1 ! body ( ! ,sa9t 0 c>ri$ !re4 ,9 #abcf ! ,upp] *ur* 0 f9i%$4 ,x 0 already decorat$ ) a fir/ s]ies ( frescos1 & ,giunta ,pisano pa9t$ ,elias1 life size1 kneel+ at ! foot ( ! crucifix ov] ! entrance to ! *oir4 ,9 #abci ev]y?+ 0 f9i%$1 & ! campanile receiv$ ! fam\s bells ^: *imes /ill delight all ! valley ( ,umbria4 ,?us1 !n1 ?ree mon?s & a half be=e ! canonization1 ,elias receiv$ ! site ( ! basilica4 ,! act ( canonization comm5c$ at ! end ( ,may1 #abbh 7#a ,cel41 #abc & #abd4 ,cf4 ,pot?a/1 #haid;ff74 #f ,spec41 #afg;a4 ,cf4 ,an4 fr41 ii41 p4 #de & note4 #g ,! ,boll&i/s foll[$ ! text 7,a4 ,,ss41 ,octobris1 t4 ii41 pp4 #fhc-gbc7 ( a manuscript ( ! ,ci/]cian abbey ( ,longpont 9 ! diocese ( ,soissons4 ,x has s9ce be5 publi%$ 9 ,rome 9 #ahjf1 )\t ! "n ( ! editor 79 reality by ! ,conv5t ,fa!r ,r9aldi71 "u ! title3 ,s]aphici viri ,s4 ,francisci ,assisiatis vitae dual auctore ,b4 ,?oma de ,celano1 accord+ to a manuscript 7( ,fall]one1 9 ! ,m>* ( ,ancona7 :i* 0 /ol5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,t]ni by brig&s f ! ,bro!r *>g$ ) br++ x back4 ,! second text 0 reproduc$ at ,rome 9 #ahhj by ,canon ,amoni3 ,vita prima ,s4 ,francisci1 auctore ,b4 ,?oma de ,celano4 ,roma1 tipografia della pace1 #ahhj1 9 #hvo1 #db pp4 ,! citations w foll[ ! divisions made by ! ,boll&i/s1 b 9 _m important passages ! ,r9aldi-,amoni text gives bett] read+s ?an t ( ! ,boll&i/s4 ,! latt] has be5 "h & !re ret\*$ & fill$ out4 ,see1 = example1 #a ,cel41 #bd & #ca4 ,z = ! manuscripts1 ,fa!r ,d5ifle ?9ks t ! olde/ ( ^? :i* are kn[n is t at ,b>celona3 ,ar*ivo de la corona de ,aragon1 ,ripoll1 n4 #da 7,ar*iv41 t4 i41 p4 #adh74 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,p>is1 ,lat9 alcove1 ,no4 #chag1 :i* includes a curi\s note3 ,apud ,p]usium felix domnus papa ,gregorius nonus gloriosi secundo pontificus sui anno1 qu9to kal4 m>tii 7,febru>y #be1 #abbi7 leg5dam hanc recepit1 confirmavit et c5suit =e t55dam4 ,ano!r manuscript1 :i* m]its att5tion1 bo? because ( its age1 ?irte5? c5tury1 & because ( ! correction 9 ! text1 & :i* appe>s to h escap$ ! rese>*es ( ! /ud5ts ( ! ,franciscans1 is ! "o own$ by ! ,ecole de ,m$ic9e at ,montpelli]1 ,no4 #cj1 9 vellum folio3 ,passionale vetus ecclesiae ,s4 ,b5igni divion5sis4 ,! /ory ( ,celano occupies 9 x ! fos4 #beg;a-#bga;b4 ,! text ends abruptly 9 ! middle ( p>agraph #aab ) supiriis o/5debant4 ,except = ?is f9al break x is complete4 ,cf4 ,ar*ives ,p]tz1 t4 vii41 pp4 #aie & #aif4 ,vide ,g5]al catalogue ( ! manuscripts ( ! public libr>ies ( ! dep>tm5ts1 t4 i41 p4 #bie4 #h ,vide #a ,cel41 ,prol4 ,jub5te dom9o et glorioso ,papa ,gregorio4 ,celano wrote x aft] ! canonization 7,july #af1 #abbh7 & be=e ,febru>y #be1 #abbi1 = ! date indicat$ above raises no difficulty4 #i #a ,cel41 #ef4 ,p]haps he 0 ! son ( t ,?omas1 ,c\nt ( ,celano1 to :om ,rycc>di di ,s4 ,g]mano s (t5 made allusion 9 8 *ronicle3 #abai-abbc4 ,see also two lett]s ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 to ,honorius ,,iii41 on ,april #bd & #be1 #abbc1 publi%$ 9 ,w9ckelmann3 ,acta imp]ii in$ita1 t4 i41 p4 #bcb4 #aj ,giord41 #ai4 #aa ,giord41 #cj & #ca4 #ab ,giord41 #ei4 ,cf4 ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abcj4 ,! "q :e!r he is ! au?or ( ! ,dies irae w\ld be out ( place "h4 #ac ,?is is s true t ! majority ( hi/orians h be5 br\ght to believe 9 two g5]alates ( ,elias1 "o 9 #abbg-abcj1 ! o!r 9 #abcf-abci4 ,! lett] ,non ex odio ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 7#abci7 gives ! same idea3 ,rev]a papa i/e quemdam religiosum et timoratum fratrem ,helyam1 m9i/rum ord9is fratrum m9orum ab ipso beato ,francisco patre ord9is migrationis suae tempore con/itutum 444 9 odium no/rum 444 deposuit4 ,huill>d-,breholles3 ,hi/4 dipl4 ,fr$4 ,,ii41 t4 v41 p4 #cdf4 #ad ,he is nam$ only once1 #a ,cel41 #dh4 #ae #a ,cel41 #ie1 #ih1 #aje1 #aji4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,b5$iction is especially significant4 ,sup] quem inquit 7,franciscus7 t5es dext]am meam8 ,sup] fratrem ,heliam1 inquiunt4 ,et ego sic volo1 sit4444 #a ,cel41 #ajh4 ,^? la/ words obvi\sly disclose ! int5tion4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aci4 #af #a ,cel41 #ajb2 cf4 #ia & #aji4 ,bro!r ,leo is n ev5 nam$ 9 ! :ole "w4 ,nor ,angelo1 ,illum9ato1 ,masseo ei!r6 #ag #a ,cel41 ,prol41 #gc-ge2 #ii-aja2 #aba-abf4 ,next to ,/4 ,francis1 ,gregory ,,ix4 & ,bro!r ,elias 7#a ,cel41 #fi2 #ie2 #ih2 #aje2 #ajh2 #aji7 are 9 ! =egr\nd4 #ah #a ,cel41 #ah & #ai2 #aaf & #aag4 #ai ,^? :i* occurr$ dur+ ! abs5ce ( ,francis 7#abbj-abba74 ,he ov]looks ! difficulties met at ,rome 9 seek+ ! approbation ( ! fir/ ,rule2 he m5tions ^? connect$ nei!r ) ! second nor ! ?ird1 & makes no allusion to ! circum/ances :i* provok$ !m4 ,he recogniz$ !m1 h[ev]1 hav+ liv$ 9 intimacy ) ,caes> ( ,spey]1 ! collaborator ( ! second 7#abba74 #bj ,= example1 ,francis's j\rney to ,spa94 #ba #a ,cel41 #a1 #hh4 ,et sola quae necess>ia magis occurrunt ad praes5s int5dimus adnot>e4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ! prologue he speaks 9 ! s+ul>4 #bb ,9 #abch he _h s5t ,elias to ,cremona1 *>g$ ) a mission = ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,salemb5i1 ann4 #abbi4 ,see also ! reception giv5 by ,gregory ,,ix4 to ! appellants aga9/ ! ,g5]al4 ,giord41 #fc4 #bc ,see ! lett] ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 to ,elias ^u ! translation ( ,/4 ,elizabe?1 ,may1 #abcf4 ,w9kelmann1 ,acta i41 p4 #bii4 ,cf4 ,huill>d-,breholles1 ,hi/4 dipl4 ,intr4 p4 cc4 #bd ,! au?orities = ?is /ory are3 ,catalogus m9i/rorum ( ,b]n>d ( ,besse1 ap ,ehrle1 ,zeits*rift1 vol4 #g 7#ahhc71 p4 #cci2 ,speculum1 #bjg;b1 & especially #afg;a-#agj;a2 ,eccl41 #ac2 ,giord41 #fa-fc2 ,speculum1 ,mor941 tract i41 fo4 #fj;b4 #be ,ass]abat etiam ipse pra$ictus frat] ,helyas 444 papam 444 fraudem fac]e de pecunia collecta ad succursum ,t]rae ,sanctae1 scripta etiam ad b5eplacitum suum 9 cam]a sua bull>e clam et s9e fratrum ass5su et etiam c$ulas vacuas1 s$ bullatas1 multas nunciis suis trad]et 444 et alia multa enormia imposuit dom9o papae pon5s os suum 9 celo4 ,mat?4 ,p>is1 ,*ron4 ,maj41 ann4 #abci1 ap ,mon4 ,g]4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bh1 p4 #ahb4 ,cf4 ,fick]1 n4 #bfhe4 #bf ,vide ,rycc>di di ,s4 ,g]mano1 ,*ron41 ap ,mon4 ,g]4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #ai1 p4 #chj1 ann4 #abci4 ,! lett] ( ,fr$]ick compla9+ ( ! deposition ( ,elias 7#abci73 ,huill>d-,breholles1 ,hi/4 ,dipl41 v41 pp4 #cdf-cdi4 ,cf4 ! ,bull1 ,att5dite ad petram1 at ! end ( ,febru>y1 #abdj1 ibid41 pp4 #ggg-ggi2 ,pot?a/1 #ajhdi4 #bg ,he 0 )\t d\bt "o ( ! bitt]e/ adv]s>ies ( ! emp]or4 ,8 village _h be5 burnt 9 #abbd1 by ord] ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 & ! inhabitants transport$ to ,sicily1 aft]w>d to ,malta4 ,rycc>di di ,s4 ,g]mano1 loc4 cit41 ann4 #abbc & #abbd4 #bh ,vide ! prologue to #b ,cel4 & to ! #c ,soc4 ,cf4 ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abdd1 ,an4 fr41 ii41 p4 #fh4 ,speculum1 ,mor91 tract4 i41 #fa;b4 #bi ,catalogus m9i/rorum1 edit$ by ,ehrle3 ,zeits*rift1 t4 #g 7#ahhc74 no4 #e4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #bjh;a4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon speaks ( x a little m at l5g?1 b he gives ! honor ( x to ,giovanni ( ,p>ma1 ed4 ,diola1 t4 ii41 p4 #ch4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 manuscript #fia ( ! ar*ives ( ! ,sacro-,conv5to at ,assisi 7a catalogue ( ! libr>y ( ! conv5t made 9 #acha7 is f\nd1 fo4 #de;a1 a note ( t "w3 ,dyalogus sanctorum fratrum cum po/ibus cujus pr9cipium e/3 ,v5]abilia ge/a patrum dignosque memoria1 f9is v]o2 non indigne f]am me quoque rep]isse consortem4 ,9 quo libro omnes quat]ni sunt xiii4 #cj ,! text 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t by ! ,boll&i/s 7,a4 ,,ss41 ,octobris1 t4 ii41 pp4 #gbc-gdb71 aft] a manuscript ( ! conv5t ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or ( ,l\va94 ,x is f ?is edition t we make our citations4 ,! editions publi%$ 9 ,italy 9 ! c\rse ( ?is c5tury1 _c be f\nd1 except ! la/1 due to ,abbe ,amoni4 ,?is "o1 un=tunately1 is too faulty to s]ve z ! basis ( a sci5tific /udy4 ,x appe>$ 9 ,rome 9 #ahhj 7#hvo1 pp4 #ahd7 "u ! title3 ,leg5da ,s4 ,francisci ,assisi5sis quae dicitur ,leg5da trium sociorum ex cod4 membr4 ,biblio?4 ,vatic4 num4 #gcci4 #ca #b ,cel41 #b1 #e2 #c1 #g2 #a ,cel41 #fj2 ,bon41 #aac2 #a ,cel41 #hd2 ,bon41 #adi2 #b ,cel41 #b1 #ad2 #c1 #aj4 #cb ,giovanni di ,p>ma retir$ ?i!r 9 #abgf & liv$ !re almo/ entirely until 8 dea? 7#abhh74 ,tribul41 ,ar*iv41 vol4 ii4 7#ahhf71 p4 #bhf4 #cc #c ,soc41 #be-fg4 #cd #c ,soc41 #fh-gc4 #ce ,! m9i/]-g5]al ,cresc5tius ( ,jesi 0 an av[$ adv]s>y ( ! ,zealots ( ! ,rule4 ,! contr>y idea has be5 held by ,m4 ,muell] 7,anfa5ge1 p4 #ahj72 b t le>n$ s*ol> is n1 x appe>s1 acqua9t$ ) ! recitals ( ! ,*ronicle ( ! ,tribulations1 :i* leave n a s+le d\bt z to ! p]secutions :i* he direct$ aga9/ ! ,zealots 7,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 pp4 #beg-bfj74 ,anyone :o attempts to dispute ! hi/orical wor? ( ?is pro( w f9d a confirmation 9 ! bulls ( ,augu/ #e1 #abdd1 & ( ,febru>y #g1 #abdf 7,pot?a/1 #aadej & #abjjg74 ,x 0 ,cresc5tius1 also1 :o obta9$ a bull /at+ t ! ,basilica ( ,assisi 0 ,caput et ,mat] ord9is1 :ile = ! ,zealots ?is rank p]ta9$ to ! ,portiuncula 7#a ,cel41 #ajf2 #c ,soc41 #ef2 ,bon41 #bc2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #ab2 ,con=m41 #bag ff74 7,see also on ,cresc5tius1 ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abdd1 ,an4 fr41 p4 #fi2 ,sb>alea1 ,bull4 fr41 i41 p4 #ejb ff2 ,con=m41 #aba;b4 #a47 ,m4 ,muell] has be5 l$ into error ?r\gh a blund] ( ,eccle/on1 #i 7,an4 fr41 i41 p4 #bce74 ,x is evid5t t ! *apt] ( ,g5oa 7#abdd7 c\ld n h pron\nc$ aga9/ ! ,decl>atio ,regulae publi%$ ,novemb] #ad1 #abde4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is ,cresc5tius :o call$ =? ?is ,decl>atio1 aga9/ :i*1 n )\t regret1 ! ,zealots f\nd a majority ( ! *apt] ( ,metz 7#abdi7 presid$ ov] by ,giovanni ( ,p>ma1 a decid$ enemy ( any ,decl>atio 7,ar*iv41 ii41 p4 #bgf74 ,?is view is f\nd to be confirm$ by a passage ( ! ,speculum ,mor9 7,r\51 #aeji71 fo #fb;a3 ,9 hoc capitulo 7,n>bonnae7 fuit ord9atum quod decl>atio ,d4 ,innoc5tii1 p4 iv41 maneat susp5sa sicut 9 ,capitulo ,,met5si4 ,et praeceptum e/ omnibus ne quis utatur ea 9 iis 9 quibus expositioni ,d4 ,gregorii ,,ix4 contradicit4 #cf ,publi%$ ) all necess>y sci5tific app>atus by ,f4 ,ehrle1 ,s4 ,j41 9 8 /udies ,zur ,vorges*i*te des ,concils von ,vi5ne4 ,ar*iv41 ii41 pp4 #cec-daf2 iii41 pp4 #a-aie4 #cg ,see1 = example1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #ec ff4 ,cf4 #gf4 ,adduxi v]ba et facta b4 ,francisci sicut e/ aliqu&o 9 leg5da et sicut a sociis sancti patris audivi et 9 c$ulis sanctae memoriae fratris ,leonis legi manu sua conscriptis1 sicut ab ore beati ,francisci audivit4 ,ib41 p4 #he4 #ch ,haec omnia pat5t p] sua ,b4 ,francisci v]ba expressa p] sanctum fratrem virum ,leonem ejus socium tam de m&ato sancti patris quam etiam de devotione pra$icti fratris fu]unt solemnit] conscripta1 9 libro qui habetur 9 arm>io fratrum de ,assisio et 9 rotulis ejus1 quos apud me habeo1 manu ejusdem fratris ,leonis conscriptis4 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #afh4 ,cf4 p4 #agh4 #ci #c ,soc41 ,prol4 ,non cont5ti n>r>e solum miracula 444 conv]sationis insignia et pii b5eplaciti voluntatem4 #dj ,legg5da di ,s4 ,francesco1 tipografia ,morici et ,badaloni1 ,recanati1 #ahef1 #a vol41 #hvo4 #da ,see ,fa!r ,/anislaus's preface4 #db #c ,soc41 #fh-gc4 #dc ,! book lacks little ( repres5t+ ,/4 ,francis z tak+ up ! "w ( ,jesus1 int]rupt$ 7by ! fault ( ! secul> cl]gy7 s9ce ! "t ( ! apo/les4 ,! viri evangelici consid] ! memb]s ( ! cl]gy filios extraneos4 #c ,soc41 #dh & #ea4 ,cf4 #c ,soc41 #dh4 ,inv5i virum 444 p] quem1 cr$o ,dom9us velit 9 toto mundo f$em sanctae ,ecclesiae re=m>e4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ada4 ,videbatur rev]a fratri et omnium comitatium turbae quod ,*ri/i et b4 ,francisci una p]sona =et4 #dd ,a4 ,,ss4 p4 #eeb4 #de ,v5etiis1 exp5sis dom9i ,jordani de ,d9slak5 p] ,simonem de ,lu]e1 #cj janu>ii1 #aejd4 ,impressum ,metis p] ,jasp>em ,ho*ff$]1 ,anno ,dom9i #aeji4 ,^! two editions are id5tical1 small #abmos1 ( #bdj folios badly numb]$4 ,edit$ "u ! same title by ,spoelb]*1 ,antw]p1 #afbj1 #b tomes 9 "o volume1 #hvo1 #bjh & #aib pages1 ) a mass ( alt]ations4 ,! mo/ important manuscript resembles t ( ! ,vatican #dced4 ,!re are two at ! ,maz>9 ,libr>y1 #ijd & #acej1 dat$ #adei & #adfj1 "o at ,b]l9 7,,ms4 !ol4 lat41 #dto1 no4 #aif saec4 #ad74 ,vide ,ehrle1 ,zeits*rift4 t4 vii4 7#ahhc71 p4 #cib;f2 ,analecta fr41 t4 i41 p4 xi42 ,miscellanea1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aai4 #afd4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #eej-eeb4 ,! *apt]s are numb]$ 9 ! fir/ #gb folios only1 b ^! numb]s teem ) errors2 fo4 #ch;b4 caput lix41 #dj;b1 lix41 #da;b1 lxi4 ibid41 lxii41 #db;a1 lx41 #dc;a1 lxi4 ,besides at fos4 #df;b & #dg;b !re are two *apt]s lxvi4 ,!re are two lxxi41 two lxxii41 two lxxiii41 etc4 #df ,= example1 ! hi/ory ( ! brig&s ( ,monte-,casale1 fos4 #df;b1 & #eh;b4 ,! rem>ks ( ,bro!r ,elias to ,francis1 :o is cont9ually s++1 #acf;b & #acg;a4 ,! visit ( ,giacom9a di ,settesoli1 #acc;a & #ach;a4 ,! autograph b5$iction giv5 to ,bro!r ,leo1 #hg;a2 #ahh;a4 #dg ,at fo4 #bj;b we read3 ,t]tium capitulam de *>itate et compassione et condesc5sione ad proximum4 ,capitulum xxvi4 ,cf4 #bf;a1 #hc;a1 #aag;b1 #aai;a1 #abb;a1 #abh;b1 #acc;b1 #acf;b1 :]e !re are simil> indications4 #dh ,fo4 #e;b3 ,incipit ,speculum vitae b4 ,francesci et sociorum ejus4 ,fo4 #g;b2 ,incipit ,speculum p]fectionis4 #di ,we %\ld se>* = x 9 va9 9 ! o!r pieces ( ! ,speculum1 & x reappe>s 9 ! fragm5ts ( ,bro!r ,leo cit$ by ,ub]t9i di ,casali & ,angelo ,cl>5o4 #ej ,fo4 #h;b1 #aa;a1 #ab;a1 #ae;a1 #ah;b1 #ba;b1 #bc;b1 #bf;a1 #bi;a1 #cc;b1 #dc;b1 #da;a1 #dh;b1 #aah;a1 #abi;a1 #acj;a1 #acd;a1 #ace;a1 #acf;a4 #ea ,does n ,?omas de ,celano say 9 ! prologue ( ! ,second ,life3 ,oramus ergo1 b5ignissime pat]1 ut laboris hujus non contemn5da munuscula 444 ve/ra b5$ictione consecr>e velitis1 corrig5do errata et sup]flua resecantes4 #eb ,! leg5d ( #c ,soc4 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,conv5t ( ,assisi3 ,omnia 444 fu]unt conscripta 444 p] ,leonem1 444 9 libro qui habetur 9 arm>io fratrum de ,assisio4 ,ub]t9i1 ,ar*iv41 iii41 p4 #afh4 ,lat]1 ,bro!r ,leo seems to h gone m into detail z to c]ta9 facts2 he confid$ ^! new manuscripts to ! ,cl>isses3 ,9 rotulis ejus quos apud me habeo1 manu ejusdem fratres ,leonis conscriptis1 ibid4 ,cf4 p4 #agh4 ,quod sequitur a sancto fratre ,conrado pr$icto et viva voce audivit a sancto fratre ,leone qui pres5s erat et regulam scripsit4 ,et hoc ipsum 9 quibusdam rotulis manu sua conscriptis quos comm5davit 9 mona/]io ,s4 ,cl>ae cu/odi5dos4444 ,9 illis multa scripsit 444 quae indu/ria fr4 ,bonav5tura omisit et noluit 9 leg5da publice scrib]e1 maxime quia aliqua erant ibi 9 quibus ex tunc deviatio regulae publice mon/rabatur et nolebat fratres ante tempus 9 fam>e4 ,arbor41 lib4 v41 cap #e4 ,cf4 ,antiquitates1 p4 #adf4 ,cf4 ,speculum1 #ej;b4 ,infra scripta v]ba1 frat] ,leo socius et ,confessor ,b4 ,francisci1 ,conrado de ,(fida1 dicebat se habuisse ex ore ,beati ,patris no/ri ,francisci1 quae idem ,frat] ,conradus retulit1 apud ,sanctum ,damianum prope ,assisium4 ,conrad di ,(fidia copi$1 !n1 bo? ! book ( ,bro!r ,leo & 8 rotuli2 he add$ to x c]ta9 oral in=mation 7,arbor1 vit4 cruc41 lib4 v41 cap4 #c71 & s p]haps compos$ ! collection s (t5 cit$ by ! ,con=mi/s "u ! title ( ,leg5da ,antiqua & reproduc$ 9 "p 9 ! ,speculum4 ,! numb]+ ( ! *apt]s1 :i* ! ,speculum has awkw>dly ins]t$ )\t not+ t !y 7 n 9 accord ) 8 own division1 7 ve/iges ( ! division adopt$ by ,conrad di ,(fida4 ,x may well be t1 aft] ! int]diction ( 8 book & its confiscation at ! ,sacro ,conv5to1 ,bro!r ,leo repeat$ 9 8 rotuli a l>ge "p ( ! facts already made1 s t ! same incid5t1 :ile com+ solely f ,bro!r ,leo1 c\ld be pres5t$ "u two diff]5t =ms1 accord+ z x w\ld be copi$ f ! book or ! rotuli4 #ec ,comp>e1 = example1 #b ,cel41 #abj3 ,vocation ( ,john ! ,simple1 & ,speculum1 fo #cg;a4 ,f ! acc\nt ( ,?omas de ,celano1 "o does n und]/& :at drew ,john to ,/4 ,francis2 9 ! ,speculum ev]y?+ is expla9$1 b ,celano has n d>$ to depict ,francis go+ ab\t prea*+ ) a broom ^u 8 %\ld] to sweep ! dirty *ur*es4 #ed ,x 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t at ,rome1 9 #ahjf1 by ,fa!r ,r9aldi1 foll[+ ^u ! ,fir/ ,life 7vide above1 p4 #cfe1 note #b71 & re/or$ 9 #ahhj by ,abbe ,amoni3 ,vita secunda ,s4 ,francisci ,assisi5sis auctore ,b4 ,?omade ,celano ejus discipulo4 ,romae1 tipografia della pace1 #ahhj1 #hvo1 #aeb pp4 ,! citations are f ?is la/ edition1 :i* ,i collat$ at ,assisi ) ! mo/ important ( ! r>e manuscripts at pres5t kn[n3 ,ar*ives ( ,sacro ,conv5to1 ,,ms4 #fhf1 on p>*m5t ( ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 if ,i d n mi/ake1 #acj millim4 by #adb2 #ajb numb]$ pages4 ,except = ! fact t ! book is divid$ into two p>ts in/ead ( ?ree1 ! la/ two =m+ only "o1 ,i h n f\nd t x noticeably diff]s f ! text publi%$ by ,amoni2 ! *apt]s are divid$ only by a p>agraph & a r$ lett]1 b !y h 9 ! table :i* occupies ! fir/ sev5 pages ( ! volume ! same titles z 9 ! edition ,amoni4 ,?is ,second ,life escap$ ! rese>*es ( ! ,boll&i/s4 ,x is impossible to expla9 h[ ^! /ud5ts ignor$ ! wor? ( ! manuscript :i* ,fa!r ,!obaldi1 keep] ( ! records ( ,assisi1 m5tion$ to !m1 & ( :i* he (f]$ !m a copy 7,a4 ,,ss41 ,oct41 t4 ii41 p4 #edf;f74 ,fa!r ,suysk5 0 ?us ?r[n into inextricable difficulties1 & expos$ to a failure to und]/& ! li/s ( biographies ( ,/4 ,francis arrang$ by ! annali/s ( ! ,ord]2 he 0 at ! same "t depriv$ ( "o ( ! mo/ fruitful s\rces ( in=mation ^u ! acts & works ( ! ,sa9t4 ,pr(essor ,muell] 7,die ,anfa5ge1 pp4 #age-ahd7 0 ! fir/ to make a critical /udy ( ?is leg5d4 ,8 conclusions appe> to me n>r[ & extreme4 ,cf4 ,analecta fr41 t4 ii41 pp4 xvii4-xx4 ,fa!r ,ehrle m5tions two manuscripts1 "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,h>l41 #dg2 ! o!r at ,ox=d1 ,*ri/ ,college1 cod4 #bjb4 ,zeits*rift1 #ahhc1 p4 #cij4 #ee ,! ,?ree ,companions =esee ! possibility ( _! leg5d be+ incorporat$ ) o!r docum5ts3 quibus 7leg5dis7 haec pauca quae scribimus pol]itis fac]e ins]i1 si ve/ra discretio vid]it esse ju/um4 #c ,soc41 ,prol4 #ef ,"o phrase ( ! ,prologue 7#b ,cel47 %[s t ! au?or receiv$ an entirely special commission3 ,placuit 444 robis 444 p>vitati no/rae injung]e1 :ile on ! contr>y ! #c ,soc4 %[s t ! decision ( ! *apt] only remotely consid]$ !m3 ,cum de m&ato proet]iti capituli fratres t5eantur 444 visum e/ nobis 444 pauca de multis 444 sanctitati ve/rae intim>e4 #c ,soc41 ,prol4 #eg ,comp>e ! ,prologue ( #b ,cel4 ) t ( #a ,cel4 #eh ,longum esset de s+ulis p]sequi1 qualit] bravium sup]nae vocationis attig]it4 #b ,cel41 #a1 #aj4 #ei ,?is fir/ "p corresponds exactly to t portion ( ! leg5d ( ! #c ,soc41 :i* ,cresc5tius _h au?oriz$4 #fj ,obs]ve t ! ,assisi ,,ms4 #fhf divides ! ,second ,life into two p>ts only by jo9+ ! la/ two4 #fa ,salimb5i1 ann4 #abdh4 #fb ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abec4 ,an4 fr4 t4 ii41 p4 #gc4 ,frat] ,johannes de ,p>ma m9i/] g5]alis1 multiplicatis litt]is praecipit fr4 ,?omae de ,celano 7cod4 ,cep]ano71 ut vitam beati ,francisci quae antiqua ,leg5da dicitur p]fic]et1 quia solum de ejus conv]satione et v]bis 9 primo tractatu1 de m&ato1 ,fr4 ,cresc5tii olim g5]alis compilato1 ommissis miraculis fec]at m5tionem1 et sic secundum tractatum de miraculis sancti ,patris compilavit1 quem cum epi/ola quae incipit3 ,religiosa ve/ra sollicitudo eidem g5]ali misit4 ,?is treatise on ! miracles is lo/1 = "o _c id5tify x1 z ,m4 ,muell] sugge/s 7,anfa5ge1 p4 #agg71 ) ! second "p 7c\nt+ ?ree ) ! ,amoni edition7 ( ! ,second ,life3 #ao1 epi/le ,religiosa ve/ra sollicitudo does n h x2 #bo1 ?is second "p is n a collection ( miracles1 us+ ?is ^w 9 ! s5se ( miracul\s cures :i* x _h 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! tw5ty-two *apt]s ( ?is second "p h a m>k$ unity2 !y might be entitl$ ,francis a prophet1 b n ,francis a ?aumaturgus4 #fc ,9 ! ,prologue 7#b ,cel41 #b1 ,prol47 ,insignia patrum ! au?or speaks 9 ! s+ul>1 :ile ! ,epilogue is writt5 9 ! "n ( a gr\p ( disciples4 #fd ,greccio1 #b ,cel41 #b1 #e2 #ad2 #c1 #g2 #aj2 #ajc4--,rieti1 #b ,cel41 #b1 #aj2 #aa2 #ab2 #ac2 #c1 #cf2 #cg2 #ff2 #ajc4 #fe ,/4 ,francis gives him an autograph1 #b ,cel41 #b1 #ah4 ,cf4 ,fior4 ii4 consid42 8 tunic1 #b ,cel41 #b1 #ai2 he pr$icts to him a fam9e1 #b ,cel41 #b1 #ba2 cf4 ,con=m41 #di;b4 ,fr4 ,leo ill at ,bologna1 #b ,cel41 #c1 #e4 #ff ,! text ( ,ub]t9i di ,casali may be f\nd 9 ! ,ar*iv41 t4 iii41 pp4 #ec1 #ge1 #gf1 #he1 #afh1 #agh1 :]e ,fa!r ,ehrle po9ts out ! correspond+ passages ( #b ,cel4 #fg ,x is ! subject ( ?irty-sev5 n>ratives 7#a1 #b ,cel41 #c1 #a-cg71 !n come examples on ! _s ( pray] 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #ch-dd71 ! temptations 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #eh-fd71 true happ9ess 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #fd-gi71 humility 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #gi-hg71 submission 7#b ,cel41 #c1 #hh1 #ia71 etc4 #fh ,le ,monni]1 t4 i41 p4 xi42 ,f4 ,b>nabe1 ,portiuncula1 p4 #ae4 ,cf4 ,analecta fr41 t4 ii41 p4 xxi4 ,zeits*rift fu] ka?4 ,!ol41 vii4 7#ahhc71 p4 #cig4 #fi ,il piu antico poema della vita di ,s4 ,francisco d',assisi scritto inanzi all' anno #abcj ora p] la prima volta pubblicato et tradotto da ,antonio ,cri/(ani1 ,prato1 #ahhb1 #a vol41 #hvo4 #bhh pp4 #gj ,note1 h[ev]1 two articles ( ! ,miscellanea1 "o on ! manuscript ( ?is biography :i* is f\nd 9 ! libr>y at ,v]sailles1 t4 iv4 7#ahhi71 p4 #cd ff42 ! o!r on ! au?or ( ! poem1 t4 v4 7#ahij71 pp4 #b-d & #gd ff4 #ga ,see bel[1 p4 #daj4 #gb ,vide ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abdd2 ,analecta1 t4 ii41 p4 #fh4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #ede ff4 #gc ,manuscript 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tur91 ,j4 vi41 #cc1 fo #ie;a4 #gd ,pl5am virtutibus ,s4 ,francisci vitam scripsit 9 ,italia 444 frat] ,?omas 444 9 ,francia v]o frat] ,julianus sci5tia et sanctitate conspicuus qui etiam nocturnali sancti (ficium 9 litt]a et cantu possuit praet] hymnos et aliquas antiphonas quae summus ipse ,pontifex et aliqui de ,c>d9alibus 9 sancti praeconium edid]unt4 ,op5+ ( ! ,de laudibus ( ,b]n>d ( ,besse4 ,see bel[1 p4 #dac4 ,laur4 ,,ms41 fo #ie;a4 ,cf4 ,giord41 #ec2 ,con=m41 #ge;b4 #ge ,9 pro( ( ?is is ! circul> lett]1 ,licet insuffic5tiam no/ram1 address$ by ,bonav5tura1 ,april #bc1 #abeg1 imm$iately aft] 8 election1 to ! prov9cials & cu/odes ^u ! re=mation ( ! ,ord]4 ,text3 ,speculum1 ,mor91 tract4 iii41 fo #bac;a4 #gf ,salimb5i1 ann4 #abdh1 p4 #aca4 ,! ,*ronica tribulationum gives a long & dramatic acc\nt ( ^! ev5ts3 ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 pp4 #bhc ff4 ,tunc enim sapi5tia et sanctitas fratris ,bonav5turae eclipsata paluit et obscurata e/ et ejus manswetudo 7sic7 ab agitante spiritu 9 furorum et iram defecit4 ,ib41 p4 #bhc4 #gg ,bon41 #c4 #a4 ,at ! same *apt] 7 collect$ ! con/itutions ( ! ,ord] accord+ to edicts ( ! prec$+ *apt]s2 new ones 7 add$ to !m & all 7 arrang$4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ! twelve rubrics ! *apt] prescrib$ t1 ^u ! publication ( ! acc\nt1 all ! old con/itutions %\ld be de/roy$4 ,! text 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,firmam5tum trium ord9um1 fo #g;b1 & re/or$ lately by ,fa!r ,ehrle3 ,ar*iv41 t4 vi4 7#ahia71 9 8 beautiful "w ,die aelte/5 ,r$action5 d] ,g5]al-con/itution5 des ,franziskan]ord5s4 ,cf4 ,speculum ,mor91 fo4 #aie;b ( tract4 iii4 #gh ,! ,leg5da ,m9or ( ,bonav5tura 0 also approv$ at ?is "t2 x is simply an abridgm5t ( ! ,leg5da ,major arrang$ = use ( ! *oir on ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,francis & its octave4 #gi ,item praecipit ,g5]ale capitulum p] ob$i5tiam quod omnes leg5ae de ,b4 ,francisco olim factae deleantur et ubi inv5iri pot]ant extra ord9em ipsas fratres /udeant amov]e1 cum illa leg5da quae facta e/ p] ,g5]alem sit compilata pr\t ipse habuit ab ore illorum qui cum ,b4 ,francisco quasi semp] fu]unt et cuncta c]titud9alit] sciv]9t et probata ibi s9t posita dilig5t]4 ,?is preci\s text has be5 f\nd & publi%$ by ,fa!r ,r9aldi 9 8 preface to ! text ( ,celano3 ,s]aphici viri ,francisci vitae duae1 p4 xi4 ,wadd+ seems to h kn[n ( x1 at lea/ indirectly1 = he says3 ,utramque ,hi/oriam1 longiorem et breviorem1 obtulit 7,bonav5tura7 tri5nio po/ 9 comitiis ,pisanis patribus ,ord9is1 quas rev]5tur cum grati>um actione1 ,,supressis ,,aliis ,,quibusque ,,leg5dis1 ,,admis]unt4 ,ad ann41 #abfj1 no4 #ah4 ,cf4 ,ehrle1 ,zeits*rift fu] ka?4 ,!ol41 t4 vii4 7#ahhc71 p4 #chf4--;,communicav]at sanctus ,franciscus plurima sociis suis et fratribus antiquis1 que oblivioni tradita sunt1 tum quia que scripta erant 9 leg5da prima1 nova edita a fratre4 ,bonav5tura deleta et de/ructa sunt1 ,,ipsojub5te tum quia 444 ,*ronica tribul41 ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 p4 #bef4 #hj ,bon41 #ahh-bjd4 #ha ,bon41 #bah4 #hb ,b]n>do 7,bon41 #bh71 ,egidio 7,bon41 #bi71 & ,silve/ro 7,bon41 #cj74 #hc ,bon41 #di4 #hd ,bon41 #aab4 #he ,bon41 #aaa4 #hf ,vide ,bon41 #aae2 #ii1 etc4 ,m4 ,?ode has enum]at$ ! /ories relat+ especially to ,bonav5tura3 7,franz von ,assisi1 p4 #ece74 #hg ,manuscript ,i1 iv41 #cc1 ( ! libr>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,tur94 ,x is a #dto ^u p>*m5t ( ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 #abd ff4 ,x comprises fir/ ! biography ( ,/4 ,francis by ,/4 ,bonav5tura & a leg5d ( ,/4 ,cl>a1 aft]w>ds at fo #ie ! ,de laudibus4 ,! text w soon be publi%$ 9 ! ,analecta franciscana ( ! ,franciscans ( ,qu>ac*i1 ne> ,flor5ce4 #hh ,9 read+ x we quickly discov] t he 0 specially well acqua9t$ ) ! conv5ts ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,aquitania1 & not$ ) c>e ev]y?+ t conc]n$ !m4 #hi ,wadd+1 ann4 #abcj1 no4 #g4 ,_m passages prove at lea/ t he accompani$ ,bonav5tura 9 8 travels3 ,hoc enim 7! special aid ( ,bro!r ,egidio7 9 iis quae ad bonum animae p]t95t devotus ,g5]alis et ,c>d9alis pr$ictus 444 nos docuit4 ,fo #if;a4 ,jamdudum ego p] ,!utoniae p>tes et ,fl&riae cum ,m9i/ro transi5s ,g5]ali4 ,ibid41 fo #ajf;a4 #ij ,b]n>d de ,besse is ! au?or ( _m o!r writ+s1 notably an important ,calalogus ,m9i/rorum g5]alium publi%$ aft] ! ,tur9 manuscript by ,fa!r ,ehrle 7,zeits*rift fu] ka?4 ,!ol41 t4 vii41 pp4 #cch-ceb71 ) a v rem>kable critical introduction 7ib41 pp4 #cbc-ccg74 ,cf4 ,ar*iv fu] ,litt4 u4 ,kir*g41 i41 p4 #ade4--;,b>tolommeo di ,pisa1 :5 writ+ 8 ,con=mities1 _h be=e him a "p ( 8 works1 fo #adh;b1 #b2 #abf;a1 #a2 b he calls ! au?or sometimes ,b]n>dus de ,blesa1 !n aga9 ,johannes de ,blesa4 ,see also ,m>k ( ,lisbon1 t4 ii41 p4 #bab1 & ,haureau1 ,notices et extraits1 t4 vi41 p4 #aec4 #ia ,d5ique primos ,francisci xii4 discipulos 444 omnes sanctos fuisse audirimus pret] unum qui ,ord9em exi5s leprosus factus laqueo vel alt] ,judas int]iit1 ne ,francisco cum ,*ri/o vel 9 discipulis similitudo defic]et1 fo #if;a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii ,,diplomatic ,,docum5ts ,9 ?is category we place all ! acts hav+ a "* ( public au!nticity1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* 7 drawn up by ! pontifical cab9et4 ,?is s\rce ( in=mation1 :]e ea* docum5t has its date1 is precisely ! "o :i* has be5 mo/ neglect$ up to ?is "t4 ,i4 ,,donation ,,( ,,! ,,v]na ,! ,in/rum5tum donationis ,montis ,alv]nae1 a not>ial docum5t pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives ( ,borgo ,san ,sepolcro1#a n only gives ! "n ( ! g5]\s fri5d ( ,francis1 & _m picturesque details1 b x fixes ) precision a date all ! m important because x occurs 9 ! mo/ obscure p]iod ( ! ,sa9t's life4 ,x 0 on ,may #h1 #abac1 t ,orl&o dei ,catani1 ,c\nt ( ,*iusi 9 ,cas5t9o1 gave ! ,v]na to ,bro!r ,francis4 ,,ii4 ,,regi/]s ,,( ,,c>d9al ,,ugol9i ,! docum5ts ( ! pontifical *ancell]y address$ to ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 ! future ,gregory ,,ix41 & ^? :i* emanate f ! h& ( ! latt] dur+ 8 long j\rneys z apo/olic legate1#b are ( fir/ rate importance4 ,x w\ld be too long to give ev5 a simple enum]ation ( !m4 ,^? :i* m>k important facts h be5 c>efully indicat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w4 ,x w suffice to say t by br++ toge!r ^! two s]ies ( docum5ts1 & int]pos+ ! dates ( ! papal bulls c\nt]sign$ by ,ugol9i1 we are able to foll[ almo/ day by day ?is man1 :o 01 p]haps )\t ev5 except+ ,/4 ,francis1 ! "o ^: w mo/ pr(\ndly fa%ion$ ! ,franciscan in/itute4 ,we see also ! pre-em95t "p :i* ! ,ord] _h f ! beg9n+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! future pontiff1 & we arrive at p]fect accuracy z to ! dates ( 8 meet+s ) ,/4 ,francis4 ,,iii4 ,,bulls ,! pontifical bulls conc]n+ ! ,franciscans 7 collect$ & publi%$ 9 ! la/ c5tury by ! monk ,sb>alea4#c ,b f ^! we ga9 little help = ! hi/ory ( ! orig9s ( ! ,ord]4#d ,! foll[+ is a comp5di\s li/2 ! details h be5 giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w3 ,no4 #a4 ,augu/ #ah1 #abah4--;,bull ,lit]ae tuae address$ to ,ugol9i4 ,! pope p]mits him to accept donations ( l&$ prop]ty 9 behalf ( wom5 flee+ ! _w 7,cl>isses7 & to decl>e t ^! mona/]ies are hold5 by ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,no4 #b4 ,june #aa1 #abai4--;,cum delecti filii4 ,?is bull1 address$ 9 a g5]al way to all prelates1 is a sort ( safe conduct = ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,no4 #c4 ,decemb] #ai1 #abai4--,sacrosancta romana4 ,privileges conc$$ to ! ,si/]s 7,cl>isses7 ( ,monticelli1 ne> ,flor5ce4 ,no4 #d4 ,may #bi1 #abbj4--,pro dilectis4 ,! pope prays ! prelates ( ,france to give a k9dly reception to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,no4 #e4 ,septemb] #bb1 #abbj4--;,cum secundum4 ,honorius ,,iii4 prescribes a ye> ( noviciate be=e ! entry into ! ,ord]4 ,no4 #f4 ,decemb] #i1 #abbj4--;,con/itutus 9 praes5tia4 ,?is bull conc]ns a prie/ ( ,con/ant9ople :o _h made a v[ to ent] ! ,ord]4 ,z !re is "q "h ( frat] ,lucas ,magi/] fratrum ,m9orem de p>tibus ,romaniae we h "h indirect te/imony1 all ! m preci\s = t reason1 z to ! p]iod ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ord] 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,no4 #g4 ,febru>y #ac1 #abba4--,new bull = ! same prie/4 ,no4 #h4 ,decemb] #af1 #abba4--,significatum e/ nobis4 ,honorius ,,iii4 recomm5ds to ! ,bi%op ( ,rim9i to protect ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce 7,?ird ,ord]74 ,no4 #i4 ,m>* #bb1 #abbb4e--;,devotionis ve/rae4 ,concession to ! ,franciscans1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 to celebrate ! (fices 9 times ( int]dict4 ,no4 #aj4 ,m>* #bi1 #abbb4--;,ex p>te ,univ]sitatis4 ,mission giv5 to ! ,dom9icans1 ,franciscans1 & ,bro!rs ( ! ,troops ( ,san ,iago 9 ,lisbon4 ,nos4 #aa1 #ab1 & #ac4--,septemb] #ai1 #abbb4--,sacrosancta ,romana4 ,privileges = ! mona/]ies 7,cl>isses7 ( ,lucca1 ,si5na1 & ,p]ugia4 ,no4 #ad4 ,novemb] #bi1 #abbc4--,solet annu]e4 ,solemn approbation ( ! ,rule1 :i* is ins]t$ 9 ! bull4 ,no4 #ae4 ,decemb] #ah1 #abbc4--;,fratrum ,m9orum4 ,conc]ns apo/ates f ! ,ord]4 ,no4 #af4 ,decemb] #a1 #abbd4--;,cum illorum4 ,au?orization giv5 to ! ,bro!rs ( ,p5it5ce to take "p 9 ! (fices 9 times ( int]dict1 etc4 ,no4 #ag4 ,decemb] #c1 #abbd4--,quia popul>es tumultus4 ,concession ( ! portable alt>4 ,no4 #ah4 ,augu/ #bh1 #abbe4--;,9 hiis4 ,honorius expla9s to ! ,bi%op ( ,p>is & ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,rheims ! true mean+ ( ! privileges accord$ to ! ,bro!rs ,m9or4 ,no4 #ai4 ,octob] #g1 #abbe4--,v9eae ,dom9i4 ,?is bull conta9s div]s au?orizations 9 favor ( ! ,bro!rs :o are go+ to evangelize ,morocco4 ,?is li/ includes only ^? ( ,sb>alea's bulls :i* may directly or indirectly ?r[ "s light ^u ! life ( ,/4 ,francis & 8 in/itute4 ,sb>alea's nom5clature is surely incomplete & %\ld be revis$ :5 ! ,regi/]s ( ,honorius ,,iii4 %all h be5 publi%$ 9 full4#f ,,footnotes3 #a ,x 0 publi%$ by ,sb>alea1 ,bull41 t4 iv41 p4 #aef1 note h4 ,?is act 0 drawn up ,july #i1 #abgd1 at a "t :5 ! son ( ,orl&o z well z ! ,bro!rs ,m9or desir$ to au!nticate ! donation1 :i* until !n _h be5 v]bal4 #b ,see ,regi/ri dei ,c>d9ali ,ugol9o d',o/ia e ,ottaviano degli ,ubald9i pubblicati a cura di ,guido ,levi dall',i/ituto /orico italiano4--,fonti p] la /oria d',italia1 ,roma1 #ahij1 #a vol41 #dto1 xxviii4 & #bej pp4 ,?is edition foll[s ! manuscript ( ! ,national ,libr>y1 ,p>is3 ,anci5 fonds ,colb]t lat41 #eaeb;,a4 ,we mu/ draw att5tion to a v beautiful "w due also to ,mr4 ,g4 ,levi3 ,docum5ti ad illu/razione del ,regi/ro del ,c>d4 ,ugol9o1 9 ! ,ar*ivio della societa ,romana di /oria patria1 t4 xii4 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bda-cbf4 #c ,bull>ium franciscanum seu ,rom4 ,pontificum con/itutiones epi/olae diplomata ord9ibus ,m9orum1 ,cl>iss>um et ,po5it5tium concessa1 edidit ,joh4 ,hyac4 ,sb>alea ord4 m94 conv41 #d vols41 fol41 ,rome1 t4 i4 7#agei71 t4 ii4 7#agfa71 t4 iii4 7#agfc71 t iv41 7#agfh7--,supplem5tum ab ,annibale de ,lat]a ord4 m94 obs4 ,romae1 #aghj4--,sb>alea _h a comp>atively easy task1 because ( ! numb] ( collections made be=e 84 ,i %all m5tion only "o ( ^? :i* ,i h be=e me4 ,x is1 comp>atively1 v well done1 & appe>s to h escap$ ! rese>*es ( ! ,franciscan bibliograph]s3 ,s+ul>issimum eximiumque opus univ]sis mortalibus sacratissimi ord9is s]aphici patris no/ri ,francisci a ,dom9o ,jesu mirabili modo approbati necnon a quampluribus no/ri ,r$emptoris sanctissimis vic>iis romanis pontificabus multiph>ie decl>ati notitiam hab]e cupi5tibus pr(ecto p] necess>ium4 ,speculum ,m9orum 444 p] ,m>t9um ,mor9 444 ,r\51 #aeji4 ,x is #hvo1 ) numb]$ folios1 pr9t$ ) rem>kable c>e4 ,x conta9s besides ! bulls ! pr9cipal diss]tations ^u ! ,rule1 elaborat$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & a ,memoriale ord9is 7fir/ "p1 fo #fj-hb71 a k9d ( catalogue ( ! m9i/]s-g5]al1 :i* w\ld h prev5t$ _m ( ! errors ( ! hi/orians1 if x _h be5 kn[n4 #d ,! ,boll&i/s !mselves h entirely ov]look$ ^? s\rces ( in=mation1 ?9k+1 ^u ! au?ority ( a s+le badly int]pret$ passage1 t ! ,ord] _h n obta9$ a s+le bull be=e ! solemn approval ( ,honorius ,,iii41 ,novemb] #bi1 #abbc4 #e ,& n ,m>* #bi1 z ,sb>alea has x4 ,! orig9al1 :i* ,i h _h "u my eyes 9 ! ar*ives ( ,assisi1 be>s 9 fact3 ,datum ,anagnie ,,xi4 ,kal4 aprilis pontificatus no/ri anno sexto4 #f ,! ,abbe ,horoy has inde$ publi%$ 9 five volumes :at he entitles ! ,op]a omnia ( ,honorius ,,iii41 b he omits1 )\t a ^w ( explanation1 a great numb] ( lett]s1 c]ta9 ( :i* are br\ght =w>d 9 ! well-kn[n collection ( ,pot?a/4 ,! ,abbe ,pietro ,pressuti has und]tak5 to publi% a comp5dium ( all ! bulls ( ?is pope accord+ to ! orig9al ,regi/]s ( ! ,vatican4 ,i rege/i del ,pontifice ,onorio ,,iii4 ,roma1 t4 i41 #ahhd4 ,volume i4 only has z yet appe>$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iv ,,*ronicl]s ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,i4 ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,bro!r ,,giordano ,,di ,,giano#a ,born at ,giano1 9 ,umbria1 9 ! m\nta9\s di/rict :i* closes ! s\!rn horizon ( ,assisi1 ,bro!r ,giordano 0 9 #abba "o ( ! tw5ty-six fri>s :o1 "u ! conduct ( ,caes> ( ,spey]1 set out = ,g]many4 ,he seems to h rema9$ atta*$ to ?is prov9ce until 8 dea?1 ev5 :5 mo/ ( ! fri>s1 especially ^? :o held cures1 _h be5 transf]r$1 (t5 to a di/ance ( sev]al mon?s' j\rney1 f "o end ( ,europe to ! o!r4 ,x is n1 !n1 surpris+ t he 0 (t5 pray$ to commit 8 memories to writ+4 ,he dictat$ !m to ,bro!r ,baldw9 ( ,br&5burg 9 ! spr+ ( #abfb4 ,he mu/ h done x ) joy1 hav+ long be=e prep>$ himself = ! task4 ,he relates ) artless simplicity h[ 9 #abba1 at ! *apt]-g5]al ( ,portiuncula1 he w5t f gr\p to gr\p que/ion+ z to _! names & c\ntry ! ,bro!rs :o 7 go+ to set out on di/ant missions1 t he might be able to say lat]1 especially if !y came to suff] m>tyrdom3 ,i knew !m myself6#b ,8 *ronicle be>s ! impr9t ( ?is t5d5cy4 ,:at he desires to describe is ! introduction ( ! ,ord] into ,g]many & its e>ly developm5ts !re1 & he does x by enum]at+1 ) a complac5cy :i* has its own coquetry1 ! names ( a multitude ( fri>s#c & by c>efully dat+ ! ev5ts4 ,^! details1 t$i\s = ! ord9>y read]1 are preci\s to ! hi/orian2 he sees !re ! div]se conditions f :i* ! fri>s 7 recruit$1 & ! rapidity ) :i* a h&ful ( mission>ies ?r[n into an unkn[n c\ntry 7 able to bran* out1 f\nd new /ations1 & 9 five ye>s cov] ) a network ( mona/]ies1 ! ,tyrol1 ,saxony1 ,bav>ia1 ,alsace1 & ! neighbor+ prov9ces4 ,x is ne$less to say t x is wor? :ile to te/ ,giordano's *ronology1 = he beg9s by pray+ ! read] to =give ! errors :i* may h escap$ him on ?is head2 b a man :o ?us m>ks 9 8 memory :at he desires lat] to tell or to write is n an ord9>y witness4 ,read+ 8 *ronicle1 x seems z if we 7 li/5+ to ! recollections ( an old soldi]1 :o grasps c]ta9 wor?less details & pres5ts !m ) an extraord9>y p[] ( relief1 :o kn[s n h[ to resi/ ! temptation to br+ himself =w>d1 at ! risk sometimes ( slightly embelli%+ ! dry reality4#d ,9 fact ?is *ronicle sw>ms ) anecdotes some:at p]sonal1 b v artless & welcome1 & :i* on ! :ole c>ry 9 !mselves ! te/imony to _! au!nticity4 ,! p]fume ( ! ,fioretti already exhales f ^! pages s full ( c&or & manl9ess2 we c foll[ ! mission>ies /age by /age1 !n :5 !y are settl$1 op5 ! door ( ! mona/]y & read 9 ! v he>ts ( ^! m51 _m ( :om are z brave z h]oes & h>mless z doves4 ,x is true t ?is *ronicle deals especially ) ,g]many1 b ! fir/ *apt]s h an importance = ,francis's hi/ory t exce$s ev5 t ( ! biograph]s4 ,?anks to ,giordano ( ,giano1 we are f ?is "t =w>d in=m$ ^u ! crises :i* ! in/itute ( ,francis pass$ ?r\gh aft] #abai2 he furni%es u ! solidly hi/orical base :i* seems to be lack+ 9 ! docum5ts emanat+ f ! ,spirituals1 & corroborates _! te/imony4 ,,ii4 ,,eccle/on3 ,,arrival ,,( ,,! ,,fri>s ,,9 ,,engl&#e ,our k ( ,?omas ( ,eccle/on is v slight1 = he has left no m trace ( himself 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,ord] ?an ( ,simon ( ,esseby1 to :om he d$icates 8 "w4 ,a native no d\bt ( ,york%ire1 he seems nev] to h quitt$ ,engl&4 ,he 0 tw5ty-five ye>s ga!r+ ! mat]ials ( 8 "w1 :i* embraces ! c\rse ( ev5ts f #abbd almo/ to #abfj4 ,! la/ facts t he relates belong to ye>s v ne> to ?is date4 ,( almo/ d\ble ! l5g? ( t ( ,giordano1 ,eccle/on's "w is f> f furni%+ z int]e/+ read+4 ,! =m] _h se5 ne>ly ev]y?+ t he describ$1 & !nce result$ a vigor 9 8 /ory t we _c f9d 9 an au?or :o writes on ! te/imony ( o!rs4 ,m ?an ?is1 :ile ,giordano foll[s a *ronological ord]1 ,eccle/on has divid$ 8 incid5ts "u fifte5 rubrics1 9 :i* ! same p cont9ually reappe> 9 a confusion :i* at l5g? becomes v we>isome4 ,f9ally1 8 docum5t is amaz+ly p>tial3 ! au?or is n cont5t ) m]ely prov+ t ! ,engli% fri>s are sa9ts2 he desires to %[ t ! prov9ce ( ,engl& surpasses all o!rs#f by its fidelity to ! ,rule & its c\rage aga9/ ! uphold]s ( new ways1 ,bro!r ,elias 9 p>ticul>4 ,b ^! few faults ought n to make u lose sight ( ! true value ( ?is docum5t4 ,x embraces :at we may call ! h]oic p]iod ( ! ,franciscan movem5t 9 ,engl&1 & describes x ) extreme simplicity4 ,aside f all "q ( hi/ory1 we h "h en\gh to int]e/ all ^? :o are *>m$ by ! spectacle ( moral conque/4 ,on ,monday1 ,septemb] #aj?1 ! ,bro!rs ,m9or l&$ at ,dov]4 ,!y 7 n9e 9 numb]3 a prie/1 a deacon1 two :o _h only ! less] ,ord]s1 & five laym54 ,!y visit$ ,cant]bury1 ,london1 ,ox=d1 ,cambridge1 ,l9coln1 & less ?an t5 mon?s lat] all :o h made _! m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce or ( sanctity _h jo9$ !m2 x may suffice to "n ,adam ( ,m>isco1 ,ri*>d ( ,cornwall1 ,bi%op ,rob]t ,grossetete1 "o ( ! pr\de/ & pure/ figures ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ,rog] ,bacon1 t p]secut$ monk :o sev]al c5turies be=e 8 "t grappl$ ) & answ]$ 9 8 lonely cell ! problems ( au?ority & me?od1 ) a firmness & p[] :i* ! sixte5? c5tury w\ld f9d x h>d to surpass4 ,x is impossible t 9 su* a movem5t human weaknesses & passions %\ld n "h & !re reveal !mselves1 b we owe our *ronicl] ?anks = n hid+ !m4 ,?anks to him1 we c = a mom5t =get ! pres5t h\r1 call to life aga9 t fir/ ,cambridge *apel--s slight t x took a c>p5t] only "o day to build x--li/5 to ?ree ,bro!rs *ant+ mat9s t same night1 & t ) s mu* ardor t "o ( !m--s rickety t 8 two companions 7 oblig$ to c>ry him--wept = joy3 9 ,engl& z 9 ,italy ! ,franciscan gospel 0 a gospel ( peace & joy4 ,moral ugl9ess inspir$ !m ) a pity :i* we no long] "k4 ,!re are few hi/oric incid5ts f9] ?an t ( ,bro!r ,ge(frey ( ,salisbury confess+ ,alex&] ( ,biss+burn2 ! noble p5it5t 0 p]=m+ ?is duty )\t att5tion1 z if he 7 tell+ "s sort ( a /ory2 sudd5ly 8 confessor melt$ into te>s1 mak+ him blu% ) %ame & =c+ te>s also f him1 work+ 9 him s complete a revolution t he begg$ to be tak5 into ! ,ord]4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts are ^? :]e ,?omas gives u an intimate view ( ! fri>s3 "h dr9k+ _! be]1 !re ha/5+1 9 spite ( ! ,rule1 to buy "s on cr$it = two comrades :o h be5 maltreat$1 or aga9 clu/]+ ab\t ,bro!r ,solomon1 :o _h j come 9 ne>ly froz5 ) cold1 & :om !y c\ld n succe$ 9 w>m+--sicut porcis mos e/ cum comprim5do fov]unt1 says ! pi\s n>rator4#g ,all ?is is m+l$ ) dreams1 visions1 numb]less app>itions1#h :i* once m %[ u h[ diff]5t 7 ! ideas mo/ famili> to ! religi\s m9ds ( ! ?irte5? c5tury f ^? :i* haunt ! bra9s & he>ts ( to-day4 ,! in=mation giv5 by ,eccle/on be>s only indirectly on ?is book1 b if he speaks little ( ,francis he speaks mu* at l5g? ( "s ( ! m5 :o h be5 mo/ closely m+l$ ) 8 life4 ,,iii4 ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,fra ,,salimb5i#i ,z celebrat$ z x is little kn[n1 ?is *ronicle is ( q second>y value 9 all t conc]ns ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,its au?or1 born ,octob] #i1 #abba1 ent]$ ! ,ord] 9 #abch1 & wrote 8 memoirs 9 #abhb-abhg2 x is !re=e especially = ! middle ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury t 8 importance is capital4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 x is surpris+ h[ small a place ! radiant figure ( ! ma/] holds 9 ^! long pages1 & ?is v fact %[s1 bett] ?an long argum5ts c\ld d1 h[ pr(\nd 0 ! fall ( ! ,franciscan idea4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,! ,,tribulations ,,by ,,angelo ,,c>5o#aj ,?is *ronicle 0 writt5 ab\t #accj2 we might !re=e be surpris$ to see x appe> among ! s\rces to be consult$ = ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 dead m ?an a c5tury be=e2 b ! picture :i* ,cl>5o gives u ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,ord] ga9s its importance f ! fact t 9 sket*+ x he made con/ant appeal to eye-witnesses1 & precisely to ^? ^: works h disappe>$4 ,angelo ,cl>5o1 e>li] call$ ,pietro da ,fossombrone#aa f ! "n ( 8 native t[n1 & sometimes da ,c+oli1 d\btless f ! little conv5t :]e he made pr(ession1 belong$ to ! ,zelanti ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona z e>ly z #abfe4 ,hunt$ & p]secut$ by 8 adv]s>ies dur+ 8 :ole life1 he di$ 9 ! odor ( sanctity ,june #ae1 #acci1 9 ! little h]mitage ( ,santa ,m>ia d' ,aspro 9 ! diocese ( ,m>sico 9 ,basilicata4 ,?anks to publi%$ docum5ts1 we may n[1 s to speak1 foll[ day by day n only ! ext]nal circum/ances ( 8 life1 b ! inn] work+s ( 8 s\l4 ,) him we see ! true ,franciscan live aga91 "o ( ^? m5 :o1 :ile desir+ to rema9 ! ob$i5t son ( ! ,*ur*1 _c reconcile !mselves to p]mit ! doma9 ( ! dream to slip away f !m1 ! ideal :i* !y h hail$4 ,(t5 !y are on ! bord]s ( h]esy2 9 ^! utt]ances aga9/ bad prie/s & unwor?y pontiffs !re is a bitt]ness :i* ! sect>ies ( ! sixte5? c5tury w n exce$4#ab ,(t51 too1 !y seem to r5\nce all au?ority & make f9al appeal to ! inw>d witness ( ! ,holy ,_s2#ac & yet ,prote/antism w\ld be mi/ak5 9 seek+ its ance/ors among !m4 ,no1 !y desir$ to die z !y _h liv$1 9 ! communion ( t ,*ur* :i* 0 z a /epmo!r to !m & :i* !y yet lov$ ) t h]oic passion :i* "s ( ! ci-devant nobles br\ght 9 '#ic to ! love ( ,france1 gov]n$ ?\gh %e 0 by ,jacob9s1 & p\r$ out _! blood = h]4 ,cl>5o & 8 fri5ds n only believ$ t ,francis _h be5 a great ,sa9t1 b to ?is conviction1 :i* 0 also t ( ! ,bro!rs ( ! ,common ,obs]vance1 !y add$ ! p]suasion t ! "w ( ! ,/igmatiz$ c\ld only be cont9u$ by m5 :o %\ld atta9 to 8 moral /ature1 to :i* m5 might arrive ?r\gh ! p[] ( fai? & love4 ,!y 7 ( ! viol5t :o take ! k+dom ( heav5 by =ce2 s :51 aft] ! frivol\s & s5ile int]e/s ( e day we come face to face ) !m1 we feel ourselves bo? humbl$ & exalt$1 = we sudd5ly f9d unhop$-= p[]s1 an unrecogniz$ lyre 9 ! human he>t4 ,!re is "o ( ,jesus's apo/les ( :om x is difficult n to ?9k :ile read+ ! *ronicle ( ! ,tribulations & ,angelo ,cl>5o's correspond5ce3 ,/4 ,john4 ,betwe5 ! apo/le's words ab\t love & ^? ( ! ,franciscan !re is a simil>ity ( /yle all ! m /rik+ because !y 7 writt5 9 diff]5t languages4 ,9 bo? ( ^! ! s\l is t ( ! ag$ man1 :]e all is only love1 p>don1 desire = hol9ess1 & yet x sometimes wakes ) a sudd5 ?rill--l t :i* /irr$ ! s\l ( ! se] ( ,patmos--( indignation1 wra?1 pity1 t]ror1 & joy1 :5 ! future unveils itself & gives a glimpse ( ! close ( ! great tribulation4 ,cl>5o's works1 !n1 are 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w p>tisan2 ! "q is :e!r ! au?or has design$ly falsifi$ ! facts or mutilat$ ! texts4 ,to ?is "q we may boldly answ]1 ,no4 ,he commits errors1#ad especially 9 8 e>li] pages1 b !y are n su* z to dim9i% our confid5ce4 ,l a good ,joa*imite1 he believ$ t ! ,ord] w\ld h to trav]se sev5 tribulations be=e its f9al triumph4 ,! pontificate ( ,john ,,xxii4 m>k$1 he ?\ght1 ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5?2 he set himself1 !n1 to write1 at ! reque/ ( a fri5d1 ! hi/ory ( ! fir/ six4#ae ,8 acc\nt ( ! fir/ is naturally prec$$ by an introduction1 ! purpose ( :i* is to exhibit to ! read]1 tak+ ! life ( ,/4 ,francis z a framework1 ! int5tion ( ! latt] 9 compos+ ! ,rule & dictat+ ! ,w4 ,born betwe5 #abdj & #abej1 ,cl>5o _h at 8 s]vice ! te/imony ( sev]al ( ! fir/ disciples2#af he f\nd himself 9 relations ) ,angelo di ,rieti1#ag ,egidio1#ah & ) t ,bro!r ,giovanni1 companion ( ,egidio1 m5tion$ 9 ! prologue ( ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions4#ai ,8 *ronicle1 !re=e1 =ms z x 7 ! cont9uation ( t leg5d4 ,! memb]s ( ! little circle ( ,greccio are !y :o recomm5d x to u2 x has also _! inspiration4 ,b writ+ long ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ^! ,bro!rs1 ,cl>5o feels ! ne$ ( support+ himself also on writt5 te/imony2 he repeat$ly ref]s to ! f\r leg5ds f :i* he borr[s a "p ( 8 n>rative2 !y are ^? ( ,giovanni di ,cep]ano1 ,?omas ( ,celano1 ,bonav5tura1 & ,bro!r ,leo4#bj ,bonav5tura's "w is m5tion$ only by way ( ref]5ce2 ,cl>5o borr[s no?+ f him1 :ile he cites long passages f ,giovanni di ,cep]ano1#ba ,?omas ( ,celano#bb & ,bro!r ,leo4#bc ,cl>5o takes f ^! writ]s n>ratives conta9+ sev]al new & extremely curi\s facts4#bd ,i h dwelt p>ticul>ly ^u ?is docum5t because its value appe>s to me n yet to h be5 prop]ly appreciat$4 ,x is inde$ p>tisan2 ! docum5ts ( :i* we mu/ be mo/ w>y are n ^? ^: t5d5cy is manife/1 b ^? :]e x is skilfully conceal$4 ,! life ( ,/4 ,francis & a great "p ( ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w surely appe> to u 9 an entirely diff]5t light :5 we are able to fill out ! docum5ts ( ! victori\s p>ty by ^? ( ! p>ty ( ! vanqui%$4 ,j z ,?omas ( ,celano's fir/ leg5d is dom9at$ by ! desire to associate closely ,/4 ,francis1 ,gregory ,,ix41 & ,bro!r ,elias1 s ! ,*ronicle ( ! ,tribulations is inspir$ f beg9n+ to end ) ! ?\ght t ! tr\bles ( ! ,ord]--to say ! ^w1 ! apo/asy--began s e>ly z #abai4 ,?is cont5tion f9ds a /rik+ confirmation 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,giordano di ,giano4 ,v4 ,,! ,,fioretti#be ,) ! ,fioretti we ent] def9itively ! doma9 ( leg5d4 ,?is lit]>y gem relates ! life ( ,francis1 8 companions & disciples1 z x appe>$ to ! popul> imag9ation at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,we h n to discuss ! lit]>y value ( ?is docum5t1 "o ( ! mo/ exquisite religi\s works ( ! ,middle ,ages1 b x may well be said t f ! hi/oric po9t ( view x does n des]ve ! neglect to :i* x has be5 left4 ,mo/ au?ors h fail$ 9 c\rage to revise ! s5t5ce lightly utt]$ aga9/ x by ! successors ( ,boll&us4 ,:y make any?+ ( a book :i* ,fa!r ,suysk5 did n ev5 deign to read6#bf ,yet t :i* gives ^! /ories an ine/imable wor? is :at = want ( a bett] t]m we may call _! atmosph]e4 ,!y are leg5d>y1 work$ ov]1 exagg]at$1 false ev51 if y please1 b !y give u ) a vivacity & int5sity ( color+ some?+ t we %all se>* = 9 va9 else:]e--! surr\nd+s 9 :i* ,/4 ,francis liv$4 ,m ?an any o!r biography ! ,fioretti transport u to ,umbria1 to ! m\nta9s ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona2 !y make u visit ! h]mitages1 & m+le ) ! life1 half *ildi%1 half angelic1 :i* 0 t ( _! inhabitants4 ,x is difficult to pron\nce ^u ! "n ( ! au?or4 ,8 "w 0 only t ( ga!r+ ! fl[]s ( 8 b\quet f writt5 & oral tradition4 ,! "q :e!r he wrote 9 ,lat9 or ,italian has be5 mu* discuss$ & appe>s to be n yet settl$2 :at is c]ta9 is t ?\gh ?is "w may be ant]ior to ! ,con=mities1#bg x is a little lat] ?an ! ,*ronicle ( ! ,tribulations1 = x w\ld be /range t x made no m5tion ( ,angelo ,cl>5o1 if x 0 writt5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,?is book is 9 fact an ess5tially local#bh *ronicle2 ! au?or has 9 m9d to erect a monum5t to ! glory ( ! ,bro!rs ,m9or ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona4 ,?is prov9ce1 :i* is evid5tly 8 own1 does x n resemble ! sky blaz+ ) />s8 ,! holy ,bro!rs :o dwelt 9 x1 l ! />s 9 ! sky1 h illum9at$ & adorn$ ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 fill+ ! _w ) _! examples & tea*+4 ,he is acqua9t$ ) ! smalle/ villages1#bi ea* hav+ at a %ort di/ance its mona/]y1 well ap>t1 usually ne> a torr5t1 9 ! edge ( a wood1 & above1 ne> ! hilltop1 a few almo/ inaccessible cells1 ! asylums ( ,bro!rs ev5 m ?an ! o!rs 9 love ) contemplation & retirem5t4#cj ,! *apt]s t conc]n ,/4 ,francis & ! ,umbrian ,bro!rs are only a sort ( introduction2 ,egidio1 ,masseo1 ,leo on "o side1 ,/4 ,cl>a on ! o!r1 are witnesses t ! ideal at ,portiuncula & ,/4 ,damian 0 inde$ ! same to :i* 9 lat] days ,gia*imo di ,massa1 ,pietro di ,monticulo1 ,conrad di ,(fida1 ,giovanni di ,p5na1 & ,giovanni della ,v]na endeavor$ to atta94 ,:ile mo/ ( ! o!r leg5ds give u ! ,franciscan tradition ( ! great conv5ts1 ! ,fioretti are almo/ ! only docum5t :i* %[s x z x 0 p]petuat$ 9 ! h]mitages & among ! p4 ,9 default ( accuracy ( detail1 ! incid5ts :i* are relat$ "h conta9 a high] tru?--_! tone is true4 ,"h are words t 7 nev] utt]$1 acts t nev] took place1 b ! s\l & ! he>t ( ! e>ly ,franciscans 7 surely :at !y are depict$ "h4 ,! ,fioretti h ! liv+ tru? t ! p5cil gives4 ,some?+ is want+ 9 ! physiognomy ( ! ,pov]ello :5 we =get 8 conv]sation ) ,bro!r ,leo on ! p]fect joy1 8 j\rney to ,si5na ) ,masseo1 or ev5 ! conv]sion ( ! wolf ( ,gubbio4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 exagg]ate ! leg5d>y side ( ! ,fioretti3 !re are n m t two or ?ree ( ^! /ories ( :i* ! k]nel is n hi/oric & easy to f9d4 ,! fam\s episode ( ! wolf ( ,gubbio1 :i* is unque/ionably ! mo/ m>vell\s ( all ! s]ies1 is only1 to speak ! engrav]'s language1 ! ?ird /ate ( ! /ory ( ! robb]s ( ,monte ,casale#ca m+l$ ) a leg5d ( ! ,v]na4 ,! /ories cr[d "o ano!r 9 ?is book l flocks ( memories t come ^u u pell-mell1 & 9 :i* insignificant details occupy a l>g] place ?an ! mo/ important ev5ts2 our memory is1 9 fact1 an ov]gr[n *ild1 & :at x reta9s ( a man is g5]ally a feature1 a ^w1 a ge/ure4 ,sci5tific hi/ory is try+ to react1 to m>k ! relative value ( facts1 to br+ =w>d ! important ones1 to ca/ into %ade t :i* is second>y4 ,is x n a mi/ake8 ,is !re su* a ?+ z ! important & ! second>y8 ,h[ is x go+ to be m>k$8 ,! popul> imag9ation is "r3 :at we ne$ to reta9 ( a man is ! expression ( c\nt5ance 9 :i* lives 8 :ole be+1 a he>t-cry1 a ge/ure t expresses 8 p]sonality4 ,d we n f9d all ( ,jesus 9 ! words ( ! ,la/ ,supp]8 ,& all ( ,/4 ,francis 9 8 address to bro!r wolf & 8 s]mon to ! birds8 ,let u bew>e ( despis+ ^! docum5ts 9 :i* ! fir/ ,franciscans are describ$ z !y saw !mselves to be4 ,unfold+ "u ! ,umbrian sky at ! foot ( ! olives ( ,/4 ,damian1 or ! firs ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona1 ^! wild fl[]s h a p]fume & an orig9ality :i* we look = 9 va9 9 ! c>efully cultivat$ fl[]s ( a le>n$ g>d5]4 ,,app5dices ,,( ,,! ,,fioretti ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! app5dices ! compil] has divid$ into five *apt]s all ! in=mation on ! /igmata :i* he 0 able to ga!r4 ,x is easy to und]/& ! success ( ! ,fioretti4 ,! p fell 9 love ) ^! /ories1 9 :i* ,/4 ,francis & 8 companions appe> bo? m human & m div9e ?an 9 ! o!r leg5ds2 & !y began v soon to feel ! ne$ ( s complet+ !m z to =m a v]itable biography4#cb ,! second1 entitl$ ,life ( ,bro!r ,g9epro1 is only indirectly connect$ ) ,/4 ,francis2 yet x des]ves to be /udi$1 = x (f]s ! same k9d ( int]e/ z ! pr9cipal collection1 to :i* x is d\btless po/]ior4 ,9 ^! f\rte5 *apt]s we f9d ! pr9cipal features ( ! life ( ?is ,bro!r1 ^: mad & sa9tly freaks /ill furni% mat]ial = conv]sation 9 ,umbrian mona/]ies4 ,^! unpret5d+ pages discov] to u "o aspect ( ! ,franciscan he>t4 ,! (ficial hi/orians h ?\ght x _! duty to keep sil5ce ^u ?is ,bro!r1 :o to !m appe>$ to be a supremely indiscreet p]sonage1 v mu* 9 ! way ( ! good "n ( ! ,ord] 9 ! eyes ( ! laics4 ,!y 7 "r f _! po9t ( view1 b we owe a debt ( gratitude to ! ,fioretti = hav+ pres]v$ = u ?is p]sonality1 s bli!1 s mode/1 & ) s ar* a good nature4 ,c]ta9ly ,/4 ,francis 0 m l ,g9epro ?an l ,bro!r ,elias or ,/4 ,bonav5tura4#cc ,! ?ird1 ,life ( ,bro!r ,egidio1 appe>s to be on ! :ole ! mo/ anci5t docum5t on ! life ( ! fam\s ,ec/atic t we possess4 ,x is v possible t ^! /ories might be trac$ to ,bro!r ,giovanni1 to :om ! ,?ree ,companions appeal 9 _! prologue4 ,9 ! defective texts giv5 u 9 ! exi/+ editions we p]ceive ! h& ( an annotator ^: notes h slipp$ into ! text1#cd b 9 spite ( t ?is life is "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! second>y texts4 ,?is always it9]ant bro!r1 "o ( ^: pr9cipal preoccupations is to live by 8 labor1 is "o ( ! mo/ orig9al & agreeable figures 9 ,francis's surr\nd+s1 & x is 9 lives ( ?is sort t we mu/ seek ! true mean+ ( "s ( ! passages ( ! ,rule1 & precisely 9 ^? t h _h ! mo/ to suff] f ! ent]prise ( exegetes4 ,! f\r? includes ! favorite maxims ( ,bro!r ,egidio2 !y h no o!r importance ?an to %[ ! t5d5cies ( ! primitive ,franciscan tea*+4 ,!y are %ort1 precise1 practical c\nsels1 saturat$ ) my/icism1 & yet 9 !m good s5se nev] loses its rights4 ,! collection1 j z x is 9 ! ,fioretti1 is no d\bt po/]ior to ,egidio1 = 9 #ache ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa furni%$ a mu* long] "o4#ce ,,vi4 ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,! ,,xxiv4 ,,g5]als#cf ,we f9d "h at ! end ( ! life ( ,francis t ( mo/ ( 8 companions1 & ! ev5ts t occurr$ "u ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r g5]als4 ,x is a v ord9>y "w ( compilation4 ,! au?ors h s\ght to include 9 x all ! pieces :i* !y _h succe$$ 9 collect+1 & ! result pres5ts a v disproportion$ :ole4 ,a ?or\gh /udy ( x might be int]e/+ & useful1 b x w\ld be possible only aft] its publication4 ,?is _c be long delay$3 twice 7at int]vals ( fifte5 mon?s7 :5 ,i h desir$ to /udy ! ,assisi manuscript x 0 f\nd to be ) ! ,franciscans ( ,qu>ac*i1 :o 7 prep>+ to pr9t x4 ,x is difficult n to br+ ! epo* 9 :i* ?is collection 0 clos$ ne> to t :5 ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa wrote 8 fam\s "w4 ,p]haps ! two are q closely relat$4 ,?is *ronicle 0 "o ( ,glassb]g]'s favorite s\rces4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,con=mities ,,( ,,b>tolommeo ,,( ,,pisa#cg ,! ,book ( ! ,con=mities1 to :i* ,bro!r ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa devot$ m ?an fifte5 ye>s ( 8 life1#ch appe>s to h be5 read v inatt5tively by mo/ ( ! au?ors :o h spok5 ( x4#ci ,9 ju/ice to !m we mu/ add t x w\ld be h>d to f9d a "w m difficult to read2 ! same facts reappe> f t5 to fifte5 times1 & end by we>y+ ! lea/ delicate n]ves4 ,x is to ?is no d\bt t we mu/ attribute ! neglect to :i* x has be5 left4 ,i d n hesitate1 h[ev]1 to see 9 x ! mo/ important "w :i* has be5 made on ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,( c\rse ! au?or does n und]take hi/orical criticism z we und]/& x to-day1 b if we mu/ n expect to f9d him a hi/orian1 we c boldly place him 9 ! front rank ( compil]s4#dj ,if ! ,boll&i/s _h m ?or\ghly /udi$ him !y w\ld h se5 m cle>ly into ! difficult "q ( ! s\rces1 & ! au?ors :o h come aft] !m w\ld h be5 sp>$ numb]less errors & int]m9able rese>*es4 ,/>t+ ) ! ?\ght t ,francis's life _h be5 a p]fect imitation ( t ( ,jesus1 ,b>tolommeo attempt$ to collect1 )\t los+ a s+le "o1 all ! in/ances ( ! life ( ! ,pov]ello scatt]$ ?r\gh ! div]se leg5ds /ill kn[n at t "t4 ,he regrett$ t ,bonav5tura1 :ile borr[+ ! n>ratives ( 8 pr$ecessors1 _h (t5 abridg$ !m1#da & himself desir$ to pres]ve !m 9 _! orig9al bloom4 ,bett] situat$ ?an any "o = su* a "w1 s9ce he _h at 8 disposal ! ar*ives ( ! ,sacro ,conv5to ( ,assisi1 x may be said t he has omitt$ no?+ ( importance & t he has br\ght into 8 "w consid]able pieces f ne>ly all ! leg5ds :i* appe>$ 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies2 !y are !re only 9 fragm5ts1 x is true1 b ) p]fect accuracy4#db ,:5 8 rese>*es 7 unsuccessful he av[s x simply1 )\t attempt+ to fill out ! writt5 te/imonies ) 8 own conjectures4#dc ,he goes f>!r1 & submits ! docum5ts he has be=e him to a real te/+1 lay+ aside ^? he consid]s unc]ta94#dd ,f9ally he takes pa9s to po9t out ! passages 9 :i* 8 only au?ority is oral te/imony4#de ,z he is almo/ cont9ually cit+ ! leg5ds ( ,celano1 ! ,?ree ,companions1 & ,bonav5tura1 & z ! citations prove on v]ification to be lit]ally accurate1 z well z ^? ( ! ,w1 ! div]s ,rules1 or ! pontifical bulls1 x seems natural to conclude t he 0 equally accurate ) ! citations :i* we _c v]ify1 & 9 :i* we f9d long extracts f works t h disappe>$4#df ,! citations :i* he makes f ,celano pres5t no difficulty2 !y are all accurate1 correspond+ sometimes ) ! ,fir/ sometimes ) ! ,second ,leg5d4#dg ,^? f ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions are accurate1 b x appe>s t ,b>tolommeo drew !m f a text some:at diff]5t f t :i* we h4#dh ,) ! citations f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua ! "q is complicat$ & becomes a nice "o4 ,0 !re a "w ( ?is "n8 ,c]ta9 au?ors1 & among !m ! ,boll&i/ ,suysk51 seem to incl9e t[>d ! negative1 & believe t to cite ! ,leg5da ,antiqua is ab\t ! same z to ref] vaguely to tradition4 ,o!rs among contempor>ies h ?\ght t aft] ! approbation & def9itive adoption ( ,bonav5tura's ,leg5da ,major by ! ,ord] ! ,leg5ds ant]ior to t1 & especially t ( ,celano1 7 call$ ,leg5da ,antiqua4 ,! ,con=mities p]mit u to look a little clos] into ! "q4 ,we f9d1 9 fact1 passages f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua :i* reproduce ,celano's ,fir/ ,life4#di ,o!rs pres5t po9ts ( contact ) ! ,second1 sometimes a lit]>y exactitude1#ej b (t5 ^! are ! same /ories told 9 too diff]5t a way = u to consid] !m borr[$4#ea ,f9ally !re are _m ( ^! extracts f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua ( :i* we f9d no s\rce 9 any ( ! docum5ts already discuss$4#eb ,?is w\ld suffice to %[ t ! two are n to be conf\nd$4 ,x has absorb$ !m & br\ght ab\t c]ta9 *anges :ile complet+ !m ) o!rs4#ec ,! /udy ( ! fragm5ts :i* ,b>tolommeo has pres]v$ to u %[s imm$iately t ?is collection belong$ to ! p>ty ( ! ,zealots ( ,pov]ty2 we might be tempt$ to see 9 x ! "w ( ,bro!r ,leo4 ,mo/ =tunately !re is a passage :]e ,b>tolommeo di ,pisa cites z be+ by ,conrad di ,(fida a fragm5t :i* he _h already cit$ be=e z borr[$ f ! ,leg5da ,antiqua4#ed ,i w\ld n exagg]ate ! value ( an isolat$ in/ance1 b x seems an altoge!r plausible hypo!sis to make ,conrad di ,(fida ! au?or ( ?is compilation4 ,all t we "k ( him1 ( 8 t5d5cies1 8 /ruggle = ! /rict obs]vance1 accords ) :at ! kn[n fragm5ts ( ! ,leg5da ,antiqua p]mit u to inf] z to its au?or4#ee ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x appe>s t 9 ?is collection ! /ories h be5 giv5 u 7! pr9cipal s\rce be+ ! ,leg5d ( ,bro!r ,leo or ! ,?ree ,companions be=e its mutilation7 9 a mu* less abridg$ =m ?an 9 ! ,second ,life ( ,celano4 ,?is "w is h>dly m ?an a second edition ( t ( ,bro!r ,leo1 "h & !re complet$ ) a few new incid5ts1 & especially ) exhortations to p]sev]ance address$ to ! p]secut$ ,zealots4#ef ,,viii4 ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,glassb]g]#eg ,evid5tly ?is "w1 writt5 ab\t #aejh1 _c be class$ among ! s\rces prop]ly s call$2 b x pres5ts 9 a conv5i5t =m ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! ,ord]1 & ?anks to its citations p]mits u to v]ify c]ta9 passages 9 ! primitive leg5ds ( :i* ,glassb]g] _h ! ,,ms4 be=e 8 eyes4 ,x is ?us 9 p>ticul> ) ! *ronicle ( ,bro!r ,giordano di ,giano1 :i* he has ins]t$ almo/ bodily 9 8 own "w4 ,,ix4 ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,m>k ,,( ,,lisbon#eh ,?is "w is ( ! same "* z t ( ,glassb]g]2 x c only be us$ by way ( addition4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a s]ies ( facts 9 :i* x has a special value2 x is :5 ! ,franciscan missions 9 ,spa9 or ,morocco are 9 "q4 ,! au?or _h docum5ts on ?is subject :i* did n rea* ! fri>s 9 di/ant c\ntries4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,*ronica fratris ,jordani a ,giano4 ,! text 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgj by ,dr4 ,g4 ,voigt "u ! title3 ,die ,d5kwu]digkeit5 des ,m9orit5 ,jordanus von ,giano 9 ! ,abh&lung5 d] philolog4 hi/or4 ,cl4 d] ,ko5igl4 sae*sis*5 ,gesells*aft d] ,wiss5s*aft51 pp4 #dba-ede1 ,leipsic1 by ,hirzel1 #ahgj4 ,only "o manuscript is kn[n2 x is 9 ! royal libr>y at ,b]l9 7,manuscript4 !olog4 lat41 #dto1 n4 #aif1 saec4 xiv41 foliorum #ada74 ,x has s]v$ z ! base ( ! second edition3 ,analecta franciscana sive ,*ronica aliaque docum5ta ad hi/oriam m9orum spectantia4 ,ad ,cl>as ,aquas 7,qu>ac*i7 ex typographia collegii ,s4 ,bonav5turae1 #ahhe1 t4 i41 pp4 #a-ai4 ,except :]e o!rwise not$1 ,i cite entirely ?is edition1 9 :i* is pres]v$ ! division into sixty-?ree p>agraphs introduc$ by ,dr4 ,voigt4 #b ,giord41 #ha4 #c ,he names m ?an tw5ty f\r p]sons4 #d ,x does n seem to me t we c look ^u ! acc\nt ( ! int]view betwe5 ,gregory ,,ix4 & ,bro!r ,giordano z rigor\sly accurate4 ,giord41 #fc4 #e ,lib] de adv5tu ,m9orum 9 ,angliam1 publi%$ "u ! title ( ,monum5ta ,franciscana 79 ! s]ies ( ,r]um ,britannic>um m$ii ,a,evi scriptores1 ,roll s]ies7 9 two volumes1 #hvo2 ! fir/ ?r\gh ! c>e ( ,j4 ,s4 ,brew] 7#aheh71 ! second ?r\gh t ( ,r4 ,h[lett 7#ahhb74 ,?is text is reproduc$ )\t ! sci5tific dress ( ! ,analecta franciscana1 t4 i41 pp4 #bag-beg4 ,cf4 ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review1 v4 7#ahij71 #ged4 ,he has publi%$ an excell5t critical edition ( x1 b un=tunately p>tial1 9 vol4 xxviii41 ,scriptorum1 ( ! ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,hi/orica by ,mr4 ,lieb]mann1 ,hanov]1 #ahhh1 folio1 pp4 #efj-efi4 #f ,eccl41 #aa2 #ac2 #ad2 #ae4 ,cf4 ,eccl41 #ad1 :]e ! au?or takes pa9s to say t ,alb]to ( ,pisa di$ at ,rome1 surr\nd$ by ,engli% ,bro!rs int] ,anglicos4 #g ,eccl41 #d2 #ab4 #h ,eccl41 #d2 #e2 #f2 #g2 #aj2 #ab2 #ac2 #ad2 #ae4 #i ,x 0 publi%$1 b ) _m suppressions1 9 #aheg1 at ,p>ma4 ,! ,franciscans ( ,qu>ac*i prep>$ a new edition ( x1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,analecta ,franciscana4 ,?is "w is 9 manuscript 9 ! ,vatican "u no4 #gbfj4 ,vide ,ehrle4 ,zeits*rift fu] ka?4 ,!ol4 7#ahhc71 t4 vii41 pp4 #gfg & #gfh4 ,! "w ( ,mr4 ,cl$at w be read ) int]e/3 ,de fratre ,salemb5e et de ejus *ronicae auctoritate1 ,p>is1 #dto1 #ahgg1 ) fac simile4 #aj ,fa!r ,ehrle has publi%$ x1 b un=tunately n entire1 9 ! ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 pp4 #abe-aee1 text ( ! close ( ! fif? & ( ! six? tribulation2 pp4 #bef-cbg text ( ! ?ird1 ( ! f\r?1 & ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! fif?4 ,he has add$ to x introductions & critical notes4 ,= ! p>ts n publi%$ ,i w cite ! text ( ! ,laur5tian manuscript 7,plut4 #bj1 cod4 #g71 complet$ :]e possible ) ! ,italian v]sion 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,flor5ce 7,magliabec*9a1 xxxvii4-#bh74 ,see also an article ( ,pr(essor ,tocco 9 ! ,ar*ivio /orico italiano1 t4 xvii4 7#ahhf71 pp4 #ab-cf & #bdc-fa1 & "o ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d's3 ,libr>y ( ! ,ecole des *>tes1 #ahhd1 #e? livr4 p4 #ebe4 ,cf4 ,tocco1 ! ,eresia nel m$io ,evo1 p4 #dai ff4 ,z to ! text publi%$ by ,doell+] 9 8 ,beitraege zur ,sekt5ges*i*te des ,mittelalt]s1 ,mu5i*1 #ahij1 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,,ii4 ,!il ,dokum5te1 pp4 #dag-dbg1 x is ( no use4 ,x c only beget errors1 z x ab\nds ) gross mi/akes4 ,:ole pages are want+4 #aa ,ar*iv41 t4 iii41 pp4 #djf-dji4 #ab ,vide ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #eeg 444 ,et hoc totum ex rapacitate et malignitate luporum pa/orum qui volu]unt esse pa/ores1 s$ op]ibus negav]unt deum1 et seq4 ,cf41 p4 #efb3 ,av>itia et symoniaca h]esis absque pallio regnat et f]e totum invasit ecclesie corpus4 #ac ,qui excommunicat et h]eticat altissimam evangelii paup]tatem1 excommunicatus e/ a ,deo et h]eticus coram ,*ri/o1 qui e/ et]na et 9 commutabilis v]itas4 ,ar*41 i41 p4 #eji4 ,non e/ pote/as contra *ri/um ,dom9um et contra evangelium4 ,ib4 p4 #efj4 ,he closes "o ( 8 lett]s ) a s5t5ce ( a my/icism full ( s]5ity1 & :i* lets u see to ! bottom ( ! he>ts ( ! ,spiritual ,bro!rs4 ,totum igitur /udium esse debet quod unum insep>abilit] simus p] ,franciscum 9 ,*ri/o4 ,ib41 p4 #efd4 #ad ,= example 9 ! li/ ( ! fir/ six g5]als ( ! ,ord]4 #ae ,! fir/ 7#abai-abbf7 ext5ds f ! dep>ture ( ,/4 ,francis = ,egypt up to 8 dea?2 ! second includes ! g5]alate ( ,bro!r ,elias 7#abcb-abci72 ! ?ird t ( ,cresc5tius 7#abdd-abdh72 ! f\r?1 t ( ,bonav5tura 7#abeg-abgd72 ! fif? comm5ces ) ! epo* ( ! c\ncil ( ,lyon 7#abgd7 & ext5ds up to ! dea? ( ! inquisitor1 ,?omas d',av]sa 7#abjd74 ,& ! six? goes f #acjh to #acbc4 #af ,sup]]ant adhuc multi de sociis b4 ,francisci 444 et alii non pauci de quibus ego vidi et ab ipsis audivi quae n>ro4 ,laur4 ,ms41 cod4 #g1 pl4 xx41 fo #bd;a3 ,qui passi sunt eam 7tribulationem t]tiam7 socii fundatoris fratres ,aegdius et ,angelus1 qui sup]]ant me audi5te ref]ibant4 ,laur4 ,ms41 fo #bg;b4 ,cf41 ,italian ,ms41 xxxvii41 #bh1 ,magliab41 fo #ach;b4 #ag ,! date ( 8 dea? is unkn[n2 on ,augu/ #aa1 #abec1 he 0 pres5t at ! dea?-b$ ( ,/4 ,cl>a4 #ah ,di$ ,april #bc1 #abfa4 #ai ,quem 7fratrem ,jacobum de ,massa7 dirig5te me fratre ,johanne socio fratris prefati ,egidii vid]e laboravi4 ,hic enim frat] ,johannes 444 dixit mihi4444 ,ar*41 ii41 p4 #bgi4 #bj 444 ,tribulationes pret]itas memoravi1 ut audivi ab illis qui su/9u]unt eas et aliqua commemoravi de hiis que didici 9 quatuor leg5dis quas vidi et legi4 ,ar*41 ii41 p4 #ace4--,vitam paup]is et humilis viri ,dei ,francisci trium ord9um fundatoris quatuor solemnes p]sonae scrips]unt1 fratres videlicet sci5tia et sanctitate praecl>i1 ,johannes et ,?omas de ,celano1 frat] ,bonav5tura unus po/ ,beatum ,franciscum ,g5]alis ,m9i/] et vir mirae simplicitatis et sanctitatis frat] ,leo1 ejusdem sancti ,francisci socius4 ,has quatuor descriptiones seu hi/orias qui leg]it4444 ,laur5t4 ,,ms41 pl4 xx41 c4 #g1 fo #a;a4 ,did ! ,italian translator ?9k !re 0 an error 9 ?is quotation8 ,i d n "k1 b he suppress$ x4 ,at fo #ab;a ( manuscript xxxvii41 #bh1 ( ! ,magliabec*9a1 we read3 ,incom9ciano alcune croni*e del ord9e franciscano1 come la vita del pov]o e humile s]vo di ,dio ,francesco fondatore del m9orico ord9e fu scripta da ,san ,bonav5tura e da quatro altri frati4 ,que/e po*e scripture ovv]am5te hy/orie quello il quale dilig5tem5te le leggi]a1 exp$itam5te potra cognosc]e 444 la vocatione la santita di ,san ,francisco4 #ba ,laur4 ,,ms41 fo #d;b ff4 ,on ! o!r h& we read 9 a lett] ( ,cl>5o3 ,ad hanc 7paup]tatem7 p]fecte s]v&am ,*ri/us ,franciscum vocavit et elegit 9 hac hora novissima et precepit ei evangelicam assum]e regulam1 et a papa ,innoc5tio fuit omnibus annuntiatum 9 concilio g5]ali1 quod de sua auctoritate et ob$i5tia sanctus ,franciscus evangelicam vitam et regulam assumps]at et ,*ri/o inspirante s]v>e promis]at1 sicut sanctus vir fr4 ,leo scribit et fr4 ,johannes de ,celano4 ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #eei4 #bb ,audi5s enim semel quorundam fratrum enormes excessus1 ut fr4 ,?omas de ,celano scribit1 et malum exemplum p] eos secul>ibus datum4 ,laur4 ,,ms41 fo #ac;b4 ,! passage :i* foll[s evid5tly ref]s to #b ,cel41 #c1 #ic & #aab4 #bc ,et fec]unt de regula prima m9i/ri remov]i capitulum i/ud de prohibitionibus sancti evangelii1 sicut frat] ,leo scribit4 ,laur4 ,ms4 fo #ab;b4 ,cf4 ,spec41 #i;a1 see p4 #bdh4 ,nam cum r$iisset de p>tibus ultram>9is1 m9i/] quidam loquebatur cum eo1 ut frat] ,leo ref]t1 de capitulo paup]tatis1 fo #ac;a1 cf4 ,spec41 #i;a1 ,s4 ,franciscus1 te/e fr4 ,leone1 frequ5t] et cum multo /udio recitabat fabulam 444 quod oportebat f9alit] ord9em humili>i et ad sue humilitatis pr9cipia confit5da et t55da r$uci4 ,ar*iv41 ii41 p4 #abi4 ,!re is only "o po9t ( contact betwe5 ! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 su* z x is to-day1 & ^! passages2 b we f9d on ! contr>y revis$ acc\nts 9 ! ,speculum & 9 ! o!r collections1 :]e !y are cit$ z com+ f ,bro!r ,leo4 #bd ,cl>5o1 = example1 holds t ! ,c>d9al ,ugol9i _h su/a9$ ,/4 ,francis )\t approv+ ( ! fir/ ,rule1 9 conc]t ) ,c>d9al ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo4 ,?is is possible1 s9ce ,ugol9i 0 creat$ c>d9al 9 #aaih 7,vide ,c>della3 ,memorie /ori*e de' ,c>d9ali1 #i vols41 #hvo1 ,rome1 #agib-agic1 t4 i41 pt4 #b1 p4 #aij74 ,besides ?is w\ld bett] expla9 ! zeal ) :i* he protect$ ! div]s ,ord]s f\nd$ by ,/4 ,francis1 f #abag4 ,! *apt] :]e ,cl>5o tells h[ ,/4 ,francis wrote ! ,rule %[s ! work+ ov] ( ! leg5d1 b x is v possible t he has borr[$ x 9 its pres5t =m f ,bro!r ,leo4 ,x is to be not$ t we d n f9d 9 ?is docum5t a s+le allusion to ! ,indulg5ces ( ,portiuncula4 #be ,! manuscripts & editions are well-nigh innum]able4 ,m4 ,luigi ,manzoni has /udi$ !m ) a c>efulness t makes x mu* to be desir$ t he cont9ue ?is difficult "w4 ,/udi sui ,fioretti3 ,miscel5ea1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aaf-aai1 #aej-aeb1 #afb-afh2 #ahhi1 #i-ae1 #gh-hd1 #acb-ace4 ,:5 %all we f9d "s "o :o c & w und]take to make a sci5tific edition ( !m8 ,^? :i* h appe>$ dur+ our "t 9 ! v>i\s cities ( ,italy are insignificant f a critical po9t ( view4 ,see ,mazzoni ,guido1 ,capitoli in$iti dei ,fioretti di ,s4 ,francesco1 9 ! ,propugnatore1 ,bologna1 #ahhh1 vol4 xxi41 pp4 #cif-daa4 #bf ,vide ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hfe3 ,floretum non legi1 nec cur&um putavi4 ,cf4 #eec;f3 ,floretum ad manum non habeo4 #bg ,b>tolommeo di ,pisa compil$ x 9 #ache2 !n c]ta9 manuscripts ( ! ,fioretti are e>li]4 ,besides1 9 ! /ories t ! ,con=mities borr[ f ! ,fioretti1 we p]ceive ,b>tolommeo's "w ( abbreviation4 #bh ,i am speak+ "h only ( ! fifty-?ree *apt]s :i* =m ! true collection ( ! ,fioretti4 #bi ,! prov9ce ( ! ,m>* ( ,ancona c\nt$ sev5 cu/odias3 #a1 ,ascoli2 #b1 ,cam]9o2 #c1 ,ancona2 #d1 ,jesi2 #e1 ,f]mo2 #f1 ,fano2 #g1 ,fele/ro4 ,! ,fioretti m5tion at lea/ six ( ! mona/]ies ( ! cu/odia ( ,f]mo3 ,moliano1 #ea1 #ec2 ,fall]one1 #cb1 #ea2 ,bru=te & ,s(fiano1 #df1 #dg2 ,massa1 #ea2 ,p5na1 #de2 ,f]mo1 #da1 #di1 #ea4 #cj ,at ea* page we are rem9d$ ( ^? groves :i* 7 orig9ally ! indisp5sable app5dage ( ! ,franciscan mona/]ies3 ,la selva *' era allora allato a ,s4 ,m4 degli ,angeli1 #c1 #aj1 #ae1 #af1 etc4 ,la selva d' un luogo des]to del val di ,spoleto 7,c>c]i871 #d2 selva di ,=ano1 #db4 di ,massa1 #ea1 etc4 #ca ,! ,speculum1 #df;b1 #eh;b1 #aeh;a1 gives u ?ree /ates4 ,cf4 ,fior41 #bf & #ba2 ,con=m41 #aai;b1 #b4 #cb ,?is desire 0 s natural t ! manuscript ( ! ,angelica ,libr>y includes _m additional *apt]s1 conc]n+ ! gift ( ,portiuncula1 ! indulg5ce ( ,augu/ #b;d1 ! bir? ( ,/4 ,francis1 etc4 7,vide ,amoni1 ,fioretti1 ,roma1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bff1 #cgh-chf47 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ /udy to seek ! orig9 ( ^! docum5ts & to e/abli% _! relation%ip ) ! ,speculum & ! ,con=mities4 ,vide ,con=m41 #bca;a1 #a2 #aba;b2 ,spec41 #ib-if4 #cc ,g9epro 0 receiv$ into ! ,ord] by ,/4 ,francis4 ,9 #abec he 0 pres5t at ,/4 ,cl>a's dea?4 ,a4 ,,ss41 ,aug41 t4 ii41 p4 #gfd;d4 ,! ,con=mities speak ( him 9 detail1 fo #fb;b4 #cd ,! fir/ sev5 *apt]s =m a :ole4 ,! ?ree :i* foll[ are d\btless a fir/ attempt at complet+ !m4 #ce ,con=mities1 fo #ee;b1 #a-fj;a1 #a4 #cf ,see ,ar*iv41 t4 i41 p4 #ade1 an article ( ,fa!r ,d5ifle3 ,zur ,quell5kunde d] ,franziskan] ,ges*i*te1 :]e he m5tions at lea/ eight manuscripts ( ?is "w4 ,cf4 ,ehrle3 ,zeits*rift1 #ahhc1 p4 #cbd1 note #c4 ,i h /udi$ only ! two manuscripts ( ,flor5ce3 ,ricc>di1 #bgi1 pap]1 #bdc fos4 ( two cols4 rec5tly numb]$4 ,! ,codex ( ! ,laur5tian ,gaddian4 rel41 #ec1 is less c>eful4 ,x is also on pap]1 #bj x #bg1 & c\nts #bed fos4 ( #a column4 ,fo #a 0 =m]ly numb]$ #hh4 ,! ord] ( ! *apt]s is n ! same z 9 ! prec$+4 #cg ,! citations are always made f ! edition ( ,milan1 #aeaj1 #dto ( #bef folios ( two columns4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ! subsequ5t editions are ^? ( ,milan1 #aeac1 & ,bologna1 #aeij4 #ch ,he began x 9 #ache 7fo #a71 & x 0 au?oriz$ by ! *apt] g5]al ,augu/ #b1 #acii 7fo #bef;a1 #a74 ,besides1 on fo #aej;a1 #a1 he set d[n ! date :5 he 0 writ+4 ,x 0 9 #acij4 #ci ,i am n "h conc]n$ ) ! fooli% attacks ( c]ta9 ,prote/ant au?ors ^u ?is life4 ,t is a qu>rel ( ! !ologians :i* 9 no way conc]ns hi/ory4 ,n[h]e does ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa make ,/4 ,francis ! equal ( ,jesus1 & he 0 able ev5 to =e/all criticism 9 ?is respect4 ,! ,boll&i/s are equally sev]e3 ,cum ,pisanus fu]it scriptor magis pius et cr$ulus quam crisi sev]a usus4444 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #eea;e4 #dj ,he has avoid$ ! mi/akes s un=tunately committ$ by ,wadd+ 9 8 li/ ( m9i/]s g5]al4 ,vide #ff;a4 #b1 #ajd;a1 #a1 #aah;b1 #b4 ,he 0 lectur] on !ology at ,bologna1 ,padua1 ,pisa1 ,si5na1 & ,flor5ce4 ,he prea*$ = _m ye>s & ) great success 9 ! pr9cipal villages ( ! ,p59sula & c\ld ?us take advantage ( 8 travels by collect+ useful notes4 ,m>k ( ,lisbon has pres]v$ = u a notice ( 8 life4 ,vide ,croni*e dei fratri ,m9ori1 t4 iii41 p4 #f ff4 ( ! ,diola edition4 ,he di$ ,decemb] #aj1 #adja4 ,= fur!r details see ,wadd+1 ann4 #acii1 vii41 viii41 & above all ,sb>alea1 ,supplem5tum1 p4 #aji4 ,he is ! au?or ( an exposition ( ! ,rule little kn[n :i* c be f\nd 9 ! ,speculum ,mor91 ,r\51 #aeji1 fo #ff;b-#hc;a1 ( "p ?ree4 #da ,?is op9ion is express$ 9 a gu>d$ mann]4 ,= example1 fo #bjg;a1 #a1 ,b>tolommeo relates ! miracle ( ! ,*apt] ( ! ,mats1 fir/ foll[+ ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 !n add+3 ,et quia non alit] tangit dicta p>s 7leg5dae majoris7 hoc insigne miraculum3 antiqua leg5da hoc ref]tur 9 hunc modum4 ,cf4 #bbe;a1 #bm4 ,et quia fr4 ,bonav5tura succ9cte multa tangit et 9 brevi3 pro evid5tia prefatorum not&um e/ 444 ut dicit antiqua leg5da4 #db ,h[ev]1 x is necess>y to note t n only are !re consid]able diff]5ces betwe5 ! editions publi%$1 b also t ! fir/ 7t ( ,milan1 #aeaj7 has be5 complet$ & revis$ by its editor4 ,! judgm5ts pass$ ^u ,raymond ,ganfridi1 #ajd;a1 #a1 & ,boniface ,,viii41 #ajc;b1 #a1 %[ traces ( lat] corrections4 7,cf4 #abe;a1 #a4 ,at fo #gb;a1 #bm1 is indicat$ ! date ( ! dea? ( ,/4 ,b]n>d91 :i* 0 9 #addd1 etc47 ,besides1 we are surpris$ to f9d beside ! pages :]e ! s\rces are indicat$ ) cle>ness o!rs :]e /ories foll[ "o ano!r com+ "o kn[s n f :5ce4 #dc ,fo #gj;a1 #a3 ,cujus nom5 non rep]i4 #a;a1 #b3 ,multaque non ex indu/ria s$ quia ea nosc]e non valui omitt5do4 #dd ,fo #gh;a1 #a3 ,in=mationes quas non scribo quia imp]fectas rep]i4 ,cf4 #bbi;b1 #b3 ,de aliis multis app>itionibus non rep]i scripturam1 qu>e hic non pono4 #de ,fo #fi;a1 #a3 ,hec ut audivi posui quia ejus leg5dam non vidi4 ,cf4 #fh;b1 #bm3 ,fr4 ,h5ricus g5]alis m9i/] mihi magi/ro ,b>?olomeo dixit ipse oret5us4 #df ,! citations f ,bonav5tura are decid$ly m frequ5t4 ,we %\ld n be surpris$1 s9ce ?is /ory is ! (ficial biography ( ,/4 ,francis2 ! *apt] f :i* ,b>tolommeo takes 8 quotations is almo/ always indicat$1 &1 naturally1 foll[s ! old division 9 five p>ts4 ,op5+ ! book at haz>d at folio #acf;a ,i f9d no less ?an six ref]5ces to ! ,leg5da ,major 9 ! fir/ column4 ,to give an idea ( ! /yle ( ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa ,i %all give 9 sub/ance ! cont5ts ( a page ( 8 book4 ,see1 = example1 fo #aaa;a 7lib4 i41 con=m4 x41 p>s4 ii41 ,franciscus pr$icator74 ,9 ! ?ird l9e he cites ,bonav5tura3 ,fr4 ,bonav5tura 9 qu>ta p>te majoris leg5de dicit quod b4 ,franciscus videbatur intu5tibus homo alt]ius seculi4 ,textual citation ( ,bonav5ture1 #de4 ,?ree l9es fur!r on3 ,v]um qualis esset b4 ,f4 quoad p]sonam sic habetur 9 leg5da antiqua 444 homo facundissimus1 facie hil>is1 etc4 ,! lit]al citation ( ! sket* ( ,francis foll[s z #a ,celano1 #hc1 gives x z f> z3 int] peccatores quasi unus ex illis1 & to m>k ! end ( ! quotation ,b>tolommeo adds3 ,hec leg5da antiqua4 ,9 ! next column p>agraph #d comm5ces ) ! words3 ,b4 ,francisci pr$icationem r$debat mirabilem et gloriosam ipsius sancti loquutio3 et5im leg5da trium ,sociorum dicit et ,leg5da major p>te t]tia3 ,b4 ,francisei eloquia erant non inania1 neo risu digna1 etc41 :i* corresponds lit]ally ) #c ,soc41 #be1 & ,bon41 #bh4 ,!n come two *apt]s ( ,bonav5tura almo/ entire1 beg9n+ )3 ,9 duodecima p>te leg5de majoris dicit ,fr4 ,bonav5tura3 ,erat enim v]bum ejus1 etc4 ,textual quotation ( ,bon41 #agh & #agi4 ,! page ends ) ano!r quotation f ,bonav5tura3 ,sic dicebat pr\t recitat ,bonav5tura 9 octava p>te ,leg5de majoris3 ,hac (ficium patri mis]icordi>um4 ,vide ,bonav41 #ajb end & #ajc entire4 ,?is suffices )\t d\bt to %[ ) :at precision ! au?orities h be5 quot$ 9 ?is "w1 ) :at att5tion & confid5ce ought to be exam9$ ^? portions ( docum5ts lo/ or mislaid :i* he has "h pres]v$ = u4 #dg ,fo #ca;b1 #b3 ut dicit fr4 ,?omas 9 sua leg5da1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fj4--adj;a1 #b3 ,fr4 9 leg4 fr4 ,?ome1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fj4--adj;a #a1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c #af4--adb;b1 #a3 ,fr4 9 leg4 ,?ome capitulo de *>itate1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aae4--add;b1 #a3 ,fr4 9 leg4 fr4 ,?ome capitulo de oratione1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #dj4--add;b1 #a1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #fe4--add;b1 #b1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #gh4--agf;b1 #b1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #gi4--ahb;b1 #b1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #b1 #a4--bda;b1 #a1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ada4--aha;a1 #b1 cf4 #a ,cel41 #bg4 ,x is ne$less to say t ^! li/s ( quotations d n pret5d to be complete4 #dh ,fo #cf;b1 #b4 ,ut enim habetur 9 leg4 #c ,soc41 cf4 #c ,soc41 #aj4--df;b1 #a1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #be-bh4--ch;b #b1 cf4 #c ,soc4 #c4--aaa;a1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #be4--acd;a1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #d4--adb;b1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #eg & #eh4--afg;b1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #c & #h4--afh;a1 #a1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #aj4--agj;b1 #a1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #ci1 #d4--age;b1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #ei4--ahj;b1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #d4--aha;a1 #a1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #e1 #g1 #bd1 #cc1 & #fg4--aha;a4 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #cf4--bbi;b1 #b1 cf4 #c ,soc41 #ad4 etc4 ,! read+ ( #c ,soc4 :i* ,b>tolommeo _h be=e 8 eyes 0 pretty mu* ! same we h to day1 = he says1 #aha;a1 #b4 ref]r+ to #c ,soc41 #fg3 ,ut habetur quasi 9 f9e leg4 #c ,soc4 #di ,fo #aaa;a1 #a1 ,sic habetur 9 leg4 ant41 corresponds lit]ally ) #a ,cel41 #hc4--add;a1 #b4 ,franciscus 9 leg4 ant4 cap4 v4 de zelo ad religionem1 to #a ,cel4 #ajf4 #ej ,fo #aaa;b1 #a4 ,de pr$icantibus loqueus sic dicebat 9 ant4 leg4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ii & #ajf4 #adj;b1 #a4 ,cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #hd4--add;b1 #a1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #de--add;a1 #a1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #ie & #ae4--bbe;b1 #b1 cf4 #b ,cel41 #c1 #aaf4 #ea ,fo #ca;a1 #a4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #hc4--adc;a1 #b4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #fe & #aaf4--add;a1 #a4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #id4--agj;b4 #a4 ,vide #b ,cel41 #c1 #aa4 #eb ,fo #ad;a1 #b4--cb;a4 #a4--aja;a1 #b4--afi;b1 #a4--add;b1 #b4--adb;a1 #b4--adc;b1 #b4--afh;b1 #a4--add;b1 #a4 #ec ,*apt]s #ah 7*apt] ( ! mats7 & #be 7lep]s cur$7 ( ! ,fioretti are f\nd 9 ,lat9 9 ! ,conf4 z borr[$ f ! ,leg4 ,ant4 ,vide #agd;b1 #a1 & #bjg;a4 #a4 ,f9ally1 accord+ to fo #afh;b1 #b1 x is also f ! ,leg4 ,ant4 t ! description ( ! coat1 su* z we f9d at ! end ( ! ,*ronique des ,tribulations1 0 borr[$4 ,see ,ar*iv41 t4 ii41 p4 #aec4 #ed ,fo #ahb;a1 #b2 cf4 #ea;b1 #a2 #add;a1 #a4 #ee ,he di$ ,decemb] #ab1 #acjf1 at ,ba/ia1 ne> ,assisi4 ,see ^u him ,*ron4 ,tribul4 ,ar*iv41 ii42 #caa & #cab2 ,con=m41 #fj1 #aai1 & #aec4 #ef ,al?\gh ! hi/ory ( ! ,indulg5ce ( ,portiuncula 0 ( all subjects ! "o mo/ l>gely treat$ 9 ! ,con=mities1 #aea;b1 #b--aeg;a1 #b1 n once does ,b>tolommeo ( ,pisa ref] to x 9 ! ,leg5da ,antiqua4 ,x seems1 !n1 t ?is collection also 0 sil5t z to ?is celebrat$ p>don4 #eg ,publi%$ ) extreme c>e by ! ,franciscan ,fa!rs ( ! ,obs]vance 9 t4 ii4 ( ! ,analecta ,franciscana1 ad ,cl>ae ,aquas 7,qu>ac*i1 ne> ,flor5ce71 #ahhh1 #a vol41 cr[n #hvo1 ( xxxvi4-#fab pp4 ,?is edition1 z mu* f ! critical po9t ( view ( ! text1 its correctness1 its v>i\s read+s & notes1 z f ! mat]ial po9t ( view1 is p]fect & makes ! m desirable a publication ( ! *ronicles ( ! xxiv4 g5]als & ( ,salimb5i by ! same editors4 ,! beg9n+ up to ! ye> #abfb has be5 publi%$ already by ,dr4 ,k>l ,ev]s "u ! title ,analecta ad ,fratrum ,m9orum hi/oriam1 ,leipsic1 #ahhb1 #dto ( #hi pp4 #eh ,i h be5 able only to procure ! ,italian edition publi%$ by ,horatio ,diola "u ! title ,croni*e degli ,ord9i in/ituti dal ,p4 ,s4 ,francesco1 #c vols41 #hvo1 ,v5ice1 #afjf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v ,,*ronicles ,,outside ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,i4 ,,jacques ,,de ,,vitry ,! foll[+ docum5ts1 :i* we c only briefly indicate1 are ( ine/imable value2 !y emanate f m5 p>ticul>ly well situat$ to give u ! impression :i* ! ,umbrian prophet produc$ on 8 g5]ation4 ,jacques de ,vitry#a has left ext5d$ writ+s on ,/4 ,francis4 ,l a prud5t man :o has already se5 _m religi\s madm51 he is at fir/ res]v$2 b soon ?is s5tim5t disappe>s1 & we f9d 9 him only a humble & active admiration = ! ,apo/olic ,man4 ,he speaks ( him 9 a lett] :i* he wrote imm$iately aft] ! tak+ ( ,damietta 7,novemb]1 #abai71 to 8 fri5ds 9 ,lorra9e1 to describe x to !m4#b ,a few l9es suffice to describe ,/4 ,francis & po9t out 8 irresi/ible influ5ce4 ,!re is n a s+le passage 9 ! ,franciscan biograph]s :i* gives a m liv+ idea ( ! apo/olate ( ! ,pov]ello4 ,he returns to him m at l5g? 9 8 ,hi/oria ,occid5talis1 devot+ to him ! ?irty-second *apt] ( ?is curi\s "w4#c ,^! pages1 vibrat+ ) en?usiasm1 7 writt5 dur+ ,francis's lifetime1#d at ! "t :5 ! mo/ enlight5$ memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 :o _h believ$ !mselves to be liv+ 9 ! ev5+ ( ! _w1 9 vesp]e mundi t5d5tis ad occasum1 sudd5ly saw 9 ! direction ( ,umbria ! light ( a new day4 ,,ii4 ,,?omas ,,( ,,spalato ,an ar*deacon ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,spalato1 :o 9 #abbj 0 /udy+ at ,bologna1 has left u a v liv+ portrait ( ,/4 ,francis & ! memory ( ! impression :i* 8 prea*+s produc$ 9 t le>n$ t[n4#e ,some?+ ( 8 en?usiasm has pass$ into 8 /ory2 we feel t t day1 ,augu/ #ae1 #abbj1 :5 he met ! ,pov]ello ( ,assisi1 0 "o ( ! be/ ( 8 life4#f ,,iii4 ,,div]s ,,*ronicles ,! cont9uation ( ,william ( ,tyre#g br+s u a new acc\nt ( ,francis's attempt to conqu] ! ,s\dan4 ,?is n>rative1 ! longe/ ( all ?ree we h on ?is subject1 conta9s no feature ess5tially new1 b x gives "o m witness to ! hi/oric value ( ! ,franciscan leg5ds4 ,f9ally1 !re are two *ronicles writt5 dur+ ,francis's life1 :i*1 )\t giv+ any?+ new1 speak ) accuracy ( 8 f\ndation1 & prove h[ rapidly t religi\s r5ovation :i* />t$ 9 ,umbria 0 be+ propagat$ to ! v ends ( ,europe4 ,! anonym\s *ronicl] ( ,monte ,s]5o#h 9 fact wrote ab\t #abbe1 & tells u1 n )\t regret1 ( ! brilliant conque/s ( ! ,franciscans4 ,bur*>d1#i ,abbot ,premontre d',ursb]g 7di$ 9 #abbf71 :o 0 9 ,rome 9 #abaa1 leaves u a v curi\s criticism ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ,bro!rs ,m9or appe>$ to him a little l an or?odox bran* ( ! ,poor ,m5 ( ,lyons4 ,he ev5 desires t ! pope1 :ile approv+ ! ,franciscans1 %\ld d s ) a view to satisfy1 9 ! measure ( ! possible1 ! aspirations manife/$ by t h]esy & t ( ! ,humiliati4 ,x is impossible to attribute any value :atev] to ! long pages giv5 to ,/4 ,francis by ,mat!w ,p>is4#aj ,8 in=mation is correct :]ev] ! activities ( ! fri>s are conc]n$1 & he c\ld exam9e ! "w ar\nd him4#aa ,!y are absolutely fanta/ic :5 he comes to ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 & we c only feel surpris$ to f9d ,m4 ,hase#ab adopt+ ! ,engli% monk's acc\nt ( ! /igmata4 ,! notice :i* he gives ( ,francis conta9s z _m errors z s5t5ces2 he makes him born ( a family illu/ri\s by its nobility1 makes him /udy !ology f 8 infancy 7hoc didic]at 9 litt]is et !ologicis discipl9is quibus ab aetate t5]a incubu]at1 usque ad notitiam p]fectam71 etc4#ac ,x w\ld be useless to enl>ge ?is li/ & m5tion ^? *ronicl]s :o simply notic$ ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]1 its approbation1 & ! dea? ( ,/4 ,francis1#ad or ^? :i* spoke ( him at l5g?1 b simply by copy+ a ,franciscan leg5d4#ae ,x suffices to po9t out by way ( memory ! long *apt] consecrat$ to ,/4 ,francis 9 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,gia*imo di ,voraggio 7,cross #abih7 !re sums up ) accuracy b )\t ord] ! ess5tial features ( ! fir/ leg5ds & 9 p>ticul> ! ,second ,life by ,celano4#af ,z = ! inscription ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,vescovado at ,assisi x is too un=m$ to be any?+ b a simple object ( curiosity4#ag 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h giv5 up prep>+ a complete bibliography ( works conc]n+ ,/4 ,francis1 t task hav+ be5 v well done by ! ,abbe ,ulysse ,*evali] 9 8 ,rep]toire des s\rces hi/oriques du moy5 age1 ,bio-,bibliographie1 cols4 #gfe-gfg & #behh-beij1 ,p>is1 #a vol41 #dto1 #ahgf-ahhh4 ,to x ,i ref] my read]s4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,he 0 born at ,vitry sur ,se9e1 became ,cure ( ,arg5teuil1 ne> ,p>is2 ,canon ( ,oignies1 9 ! diocese ( ,namur1 prea*$ ! crusade aga9/ ! ,albig5ses1 & accompani$ ! ,crusad]s to ,pale/9e2 hav+ be5 made ,bi%op ( ,acre1 he 0 pres5t 9 #abai at ! siege & at ! capture ( ,damietta & return$ to ,europe 9 #abbe2 creat$ ,c>d9al-bi%op ( ,frascati 9 #abbi1 he di$ 9 #abdd1 leav+ a numb] ( writ+s4 ,= 8 life1 see ! preface ( 8 ,hi/oriae1 edition ( ,d\ai1 #aeig4 #b ,?is lett] may be f\nd 9 7,bong>s7 ,ge/a ,dei p] ,francio1 pp4 #aadf-aadi4 #c ,jacobi de ,vitriaco ,libri duo quorum prior ,ori5talis1 alt] ,occid5talis ,hi/oriae nom9e inscribitur /udio ,fr4 ,mos*i ,duaci ex (fic9a ,bal?az>is ,bell]i1 #aeig1 #afmo1 #dhj pp4 ,*apt] xxxii4 fills pages #cdi-cec1 & is entitl$ ,de ord9e et pra$icatione fratrum ,m9orum4 ,see above1 p4 #bbi4 #d ,?is appe>s f ! passage3 ,videmus primus ord9is fundatorem mage/rum cui tanquam summo ,priori suo omnes alii ob$iunt4 ,loc4 cit41 p4 #ceb4 #e ,x is ins]t$ 9 ! treatise ( ,sigonius on ! bi%ops ( ,bologna3 ,c>oli ,sigonii de episcopis ,bononi5sibus libri qu9que cum notis ,l4 ,c4 ,rabbii1 a "w :i* occupies cols4 #cec-eij ( t4 iii4 ( 8 ,op]a omnia1 ,milan1 #agcb-agcg1 #f vols41 fo4 ,we f9d our fragm5t 9 col4 #dcb4 #f ,?is passage w be f\nd above1 p4 #bda4 #g ,guillelmi ,tyr5sis ar*4 ,cont9uala belli sacri hi/oria 9 ,m>t5e3 ,amplissima ,collectio1 t4 v4 pp4 #ehd-egb4 ,! piece conc]n+ ,francis is cols4 #fhi-fij4 #h ,*ronicon ,montis ,s]5i 7at pres5t ,pet]sb]g1 ne> ,halle71 edit$ by ,ehr5feu*t] 9 ! ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 #bc1 pp4 #acj-bbf1 #bbi4 #i ,bur*>di et ,cuonradi ,ursp]g5sium *ronicon ed41 ,a4 ,otto ,abel & ,l4 ,weil&1 apud ,mon4 ,g]m1 hi/41 t4 #bc1 pp4 #ccc-chc4 ,! mona/]y ( ,ursp]g 0 half-way betwe5 ,ulm & ,augsburg4 ,vide p4 #cgf4 #aj ,mat?aei ,p>isi5sis mona*ie ,alban5sis1 ,hi/oria major1 edition ,watts1 ,london1 #afdj4 ,! ,bro!rs ,m9or are fir/ m5tion$ 9 ! ye> #abjg1 p4 #bbb1 !n #abbg1 pp4 #cci-cdb4 #aa ,see ! article1 ,m9ores1 9 ! table ( cont5ts ( ! ,mon4 ,g]m4 hi/4 ,script41 t4 xxviii4 #ab ,franz von ,assisi1 p4 #afh ff4 #ac ,see above1 p4 #ig1 8 /ory ( ! audi5ce ) ,innoc5t ,,iii4 #ad ,= example1 ,*ronica ,albrici trium fontium 9 ,p]tz3 ,script41 t4 #bc1 ad ann4 #abjg1 #abbf1 #abbh4 ,vide ,fragm5t ( ! *ron4 ( ,philippe ,m\sket 7,cross be=e #abde74 ,recueil des hi/ori5s1 t4 xxii41 p4 #ga1 l9es #cjcdg-cjcfj4 ,! numb] ( annali/s 9 ?is c5tury is appall+1 & !re is n "o 9 t5 :o has omitt$ to note ! f\ndation ( ! ,m9or ,bro!rs4 #ae ,= example1 ,v9c5t de ,beauvais 7,cross #abfd7 gives 9 8 ,speculum hi/oriale1 lib4 #bi1 cap4 #ig-ii1 lib4 #cj1 cap4 #ii-aaa1 ne>ly e /ory giv5 by ! ,boll&i/s "u ! title ( ,secunda leg5da 9 _! ,comm5t>ium praevium4 #af ,leg5da aurea1 ,graesse1 ,breslau1 #ahij1 pp4 #ffb-fgd4 #ag ,a good reproduction ( x w be f\nd 9 ! ,miscellanea francescana1 t4 ii41 pp4 #cc-cg1 accompani$ by a le>n$ diss]tation by ,m4 ,faloci ,pulignani4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,/igmata ,,& ,,! ,,indulg5ce ,,( ,,augu/ #b ,i4 ,,! ,,/igmata ,a diss]tation ^u ! possibility ( miracles w\ld be out ( place "h2 a hi/oric sket* is n a treatise on philosophy or dogmatics4 ,/ill1 ,i owe ! read] a few explanations1 to enable him ) ?or\gh und]/&+ to judge ( my mann] ( view+ ! subject4 ,if by miracle we und]/& ei!r ! susp5sion or subv]sion ( ! laws ( nature1 or ! int]v5tion ( ! fir/ cause 9 c]ta9 p>ticul> cases1 ,i c\ld n conc$e x4 ,9 ?is negation physical & logical reasons are second>y2 ! true reason--let no "o be surpris$--is entirely religi\s2 ! miracle is immoral4 ,! equality ( all be=e ,god is "o ( ! po/ulates ( ! religi\s consci\sness1 & ! miracle1 t good pleasure ( ,god1 only degrades him to ! level ( ! caprici\s tyrants ( ! e>?4 ,! exi/+ *ur*es1 mak+1 z ne>ly all ( !m d1 ?is notion ( miracle ! v ess5ce ( religion & ! basis ( all positive fai?1 involunt>ily r5d] !mselves guilty ( t emasculation ( manl9ess & morality ( :i* !y s passionately compla94 ,if ,god int]v5es ?us irregul>ly 9 ! affairs ( m51 ! latt] c h>dly d o!rwise ?an seek to become c\rti]s :o expect all ?+s ( ! sov]eign's favor4 ,! "q *anges its aspect1 if we call miracle1 z we mo/ g5]ally d1 all t goes beyond ord9>y exp]i5ce4 ,_m apologi/s delight 9 %[+ t ! unhe>d (1 ! inexplicable1 are met ) all ?r\gh life4 ,!y are "r & ,i agree ) !m1 on condition t !y d n at ! close ( _! explanation replace ?is new notion ( ! sup]natural by ! =m] "o4 ,x is ?us t ,i h come to conclude ! reality ( ! /igmata4 ,!y may h be5 a unique fact )\t be+ m miracul\s ?an o!r ph5om5a2 = example1 ! ma!matical p[]s or ! musical ability ( an infant prodigy4 ,!re are 9 ! human creature almo/ indef9ite p[]s1 m>vell\s en]gies2 9 ! great majority ( m5 ^! lie 9 torpid slumb]1 b awak+ to life 9 a few1 !y make ( !m prophets1 m5 ( g5ius1 & sa9ts :o %[ humanity its true nature4 ,we h caught b fleet+ glimpses into ! doma9 ( m5tal pa?ology1 s va/ is x & unexplor$2 ! le>n$ m5 ( ! future w p]haps make1 9 ! realms ( psy*ology & physiology1 su* discov]ies z w br+ ab\t a complete revolution 9 our laws & cu/oms4 ,x rema9s to exam9e ! /igmata f ! po9t ( view ( hi/ory4 ,& ?\gh 9 ?is field !re is no lack ( difficulties1 small & great1 ! te/imony appe>s to me to be at once too abundant & too precise n to comm& conviction4 ,we may at ! outset set aside ! sy/em ( ^? :o hold t ,bro!r ,elias help$ on _! appe>ance by a pi\s fraud4 ,su* a claim might inde$ be def5d$ if ^! m>ks _h be5 gap+ w\nds1 z !y are n[ or 9 mo/ cases h be5 repres5t$ to be2 b all ! te/imony agrees 9 describ+ !m1 ) ! exception ( ! m>k on ! side1 z blacki%1 fle%y excresc5ces1 l ! heads ( nails1 & 9 ! palms ( ! h&s l ! po9ts ( nails cl9*$ by a hamm]4 ,!re 0 no bloody exudation except at ! side4 ,on ! o!r h&1 any deception on ! "p ( ,elias w\ld oblige u to hold t 8 accomplices 7 actually ! heads ( ! p>ty oppos$ to him1 ,leo1 ,angelo1 & ,ruf9o4 ,su* want ( wit w\ld be surpris+ inde$ 9 a man s circumspect4 ,f9ally ! psy*ological agreem5t betwe5 ! ext]nal circum/ances & ! ev5t is s close t an inv5tion ( ?is "* w\ld be z inexplicable z ! fact itself4 ,t :i* inde$ almo/ always betrays inv5t$ or unnatural incid5ts is t !y d n fit into ! framework ( ! facts4 ,!y are extrane\s ev5ts1 purely decorative elem5ts ^: place might be *ang$ at w4 ,no?+ ( ! sort is ! case "h3 ,?omas ( ,celano is s v]aci\s & s exact1 t ?\gh hold+ ! /igmata to be miracul\s1 he gives u all ! elem5ts necess>y = expla9+ !m 9 a diametrically opposite mann]4 #a4 ,! prepond]at+ place ( ! passion ( ,jesus 9 ,francis's consci5ce ev] s9ce 8 conv]sion 7#a ,cel41 #aae2 #b ,cel41 #a1 #f2 #c1 #bi2 #di2 #eb74 #b4 ,8 soj\rn 9 ! ,v]na co9cides ) a great increase ( my/ical f]vor4 #c4 ,he !re obs]ves a ,l5t 9 honor ( ! ar*angel ,/4 ,mi*ael4 #d4 ,! fe/ival ( ! exaltation ( ! cross comes on1 & 9 ! vision ( ! crucifi$ s]aph is bl5d$ ! two ideas :i* h tak5 possession ( him1 ! angels & ! crucifix 7#a ,cel41 #ia-if1 #aab-aae74 ,?is p]fect congruity betwe5 ! circum/ances & ! prodigy itself =ms a moral pro( ^: value _c be exagg]at$4 ,x is "t to pass ! pr9cipal witnesses 9 review4 #a4 ,bro!r ,elias1 #abbf4 ,on ! v day aft] ! dea? ( ,francis1 ,bro!r ,elias1 9 8 capacity ( vic>1 s5t lett]s to ! entire ,ord] ann\nc+ ! ev5t & prescrib+ pray]s4#a ,aft] hav+ express$ 8 sorr[ & imp>t$ to ! ,bro!rs ! bless+ ) :i* ! dy+ ,francis _h *>g$ him = !m1 he adds3 ,i ann\nce to y a great joy & a new miracle4 ,nev] has ! _w se5 su* a sign1 except on ! ,son ( ,god :o is ! ,*ri/ ,god4 ,= a long "t be=e 8 dea? our ,bro!r & ,fa!r appe>$ z crucifi$1 hav+ 9 8 body five w\nds :i* are truly ! /igmata ( ,*ri/1 = 8 h&s & 8 feet bore m>ks z ( nails )\t & )91 =m+ a sort ( sc>s2 :ile at ! side he 0 z if pi]c$ ) a lance1 & (t5 a little blood ooz$ f x4 #b4 ,bro!r ,leo4 ,we f9d t x is ! v adv]s>y ( ,elias :o is ! natural witness1 n only ( ! /igmata1 b ( ! circum/ances ( _! impr9t+4 ,?is fact adds a peculi> value to 8 acc\nt4 ,we le>n$ above 7,critical ,/udy1 p4 #cgg7 ! unt[>d fate ( a "p ( ! ,leg5d ( ,bro!rs ,leo1 ,angelo1 & ,ruf9o4 ,! *apt]s ) :i* x n[ closes 7#fh-gc7 & 9 :i* ! n>rative ( ! miracle occurs1 7 n orig9ally a "p ( x4 ,!y are a summ>y add$ at a lat] "t to complete ?is docum5t4 ,?is app5dix1 !re=e1 has no hi/oric value1 & we nei!r dep5d on x ) ! ecclesia/ical au?ors to affirm ! miracle1 nor ) ,m4 ,hase to call x 9 "q4 ,happily ! te/imony ( ,bro!r ,leo has come d[n to u 9 spite ( t4 ,we are n left ev5 to seek = x 9 ! ,speculum1 ! ,fioretti1 ! ,con=mities1 :]e fragm5ts ( 8 "w are to be f\nd2 we f9d x 9 sev]al o!r docum5ts ( inconte/able au?ority4 ,! au!nticity ( ! autograph ( ,/4 ,francis pres]v$ at ,assisi appe>s to be ?or\ghly e/abli%$ 7see ,critical ,/udy1 p4 #ceg72 x conta9s ! foll[+ note by ,bro!r ,leo's h&3 ,! ,bless$ ,francis two ye>s be=e 8 dea? kept on ! ,v]na 9 honor ( ! ,b4 ,v4 ,m>y "m ( ,god1 & ,/4 ,mi*ael ,ar*angel1 a ,l5t f ! fe/ival ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,b4 ,v4 ,m4 to ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,mi*ael 9 ,septemb]1 & ! h& ( ,god 0 ^u him by ! vision & ! address ( ! s]aph & ! impression ( ! /igmata ^u 8 body4 ,he made ! laudes t are on ! o!r side1 444 etc4 ,aga91 ,eccle/on 7#ac7 %[s u ,bro!r ,leo compla9+ to ,bro!r ,pet] ( ,tewkesbury1 m9i/] 9 ,engl&1 t ! leg5d is too brief conc]n+ ! ev5ts on ! ,v]na1 & relat+ to him ! great] numb] ( ! incid5ts :i* =m ! nucleus ( ! ,fioretti on ! /igmata4 ,^! memorials are all ! m c]ta9 t !y 7 imm$iately committ$ to writ+ by ,pet] ( ,tewkesbury's companion1 ,bro!r ,g>9 von ,s$5feld4 ,f9ally ,salemb5i1 9 8 *ronicle 7ad ann4 #abbd7 9 speak+ ( ,ezzel9o da ,romano is l$ to oppose him to ,francis4 ,he sudd5ly rememb]s ! /igmata & says1 ,nev] man on e>?1 b he1 has _h ! five w\nds ( ,*ri/4 ,8 companion1 ,bro!r ,leo1 :o 0 pres5t :5 !y wa%$ ! body be=e ! burial1 told me t he look$ precisely l a crucifi$ man tak5 d[n f ! cross4 #c4 ,?omas ( ,celano1 be=e #abcj4 ,he describes !m m at l5g? ?an ,bro!r ,elias 7#a ,cel41 #id1 #ie1 #aab74 ,! details are too precise n to sugge/ a lesson le>n$ by he>t4 ,! au?or n[h]e assumes to be an eye-witness1 yet he has ! tone ( a legal deposition4 ,^! objections are n )\t weight1 b ! v novelty ( ! miracle might h induc$ ! ,franciscans to fix x 9 a sort ( canonical & s to say1 /]eotyp$ n>rative4 #d4 ,! portrait ( ,francis1 by ,b]l+hi]i1 dat$ #abcf1b pres]v$ at ,pescia 7prov9ce ( ,lucca7 %[s ! /igmata z !y are describ$ 9 ! prec$+ docum5ts4 #e4 ,gregory ,,ix4 9 #abcg4 ,bull ( ,m>* #ca2 ,confessor ,dom9i 7,pot?a/1 #ajcjg4 ,cf4 #ajcae74 ,a movem5t ( op9ion aga9/ ! /igmata _h be5 produc$ 9 c]ta9 c\ntries4 ,! pope asks all ! fai?ful to believe 9 !m4 ,two o!r bulls ( ! same day1 "o address$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,olmuetz1 ! o!r to ! ,dom9icans1 en]getically condemns !m = call+ ! /igmata 9 "q 7,pot?a/1 #ajcjh & #ajcji74 #f4 ,alex&] ,,iv41 9 8 bull ,b5igna op]atio ( ,octob] #bi1 #abee 7,pot?a/1 #afjgg71 /ates t hav+ =m]ly be5 ! dome/ic prelate ( ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 he knew ,/4 ,francis famili>ly1 & supports 8 description ( ! /igmata by ^! relations4 ,to ?is pontiff are due sev]al bulls decl>+ excommunicate all ^? :o d5y !m4 ,^! contribute no?+ new to ! "q4 #g4 ,bonav5tura 7#abfj7 repeats 9 8 leg5d ,?omas ( ,celano's description 7,bon41 #aic2 cf4 #a ,cel4 #id & #ie71 n )\t add+ "s new factors 7,bon41 #aid-bjj & #bae-bah71 (t5 s co>se & clumsy t !y inevitably awak5 d\bt 7see = example1 #bja74 #h4 ,mat!w ,p>is 7,cross #abei74 ,8 discordant witness b>ely des]ves be+ cit$ by way ( memoir 7see ,critical ,/udy1 p4 #dca74 ,to be able to =give ! fanciful "* ( 8 long disquisitions on ,/4 ,francis1 we are =c$ to recall to m9d t he ow$ 8 in=mation to ! v]bal acc\nt ( "s pilgrim4 ,he makes ! /igmata appe> a =tnight be=e ! ,sa9t's dea?1 %[s !m cont9ually emitt+ blood1 ! w\nd on ! side s wide op5 t ! he>t c\ld be se54 ,! p ga!r 9 cr[ds to see ! sight1 ! c>d9als come also1 & all toge!r li/5 to ,francis's /range decl>ations4 7,hi/oria major1 ,watts's edition ,london1 #a vol4 fol41 #afdj1 pp4 #cci-cdb47 ,?is li/ might be greatly l5g!n$ by ! addition ( a passage f ,luke bi%op ( ,tuy 7,lucas ,tud5sis7 writt5 9 #abca2c bas$ especially on ! ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano1 & oral witnesses4 ,! /atem5t ( ,bro!r ,boniface1 an eye-witness1 at ! *apt] ( ,g5oa 7#abed74 7,eccl4 #ac47 ,f9ally & especially1 we %\ld /udy ! /rophes relat+ to ! /igmata 9 ! proses1 hymns1 & sequ5ces compos$ 9 #abbh by ! pope & sev]al c>d9als = ! ,(fice ( ,/4 ,francis2 b su* a "w1 to be done ) accuracy1 w\ld c>ry u v f>1 & ! au?orities already cit$ d\btless suffice )\t br++ 9 o!rs4#d ,! objections :i* h be5 oppos$ to ^! witnesses may be r$uc$1 ,i ?9k1 to ! foll[+3#e a4 ,francis's fun]al took place ) surpris+ precipitation4 ,dead on ,saturday ev5+1 he 0 buri$ ,sunday morn+4 b4 ,8 body 0 enclos$ 9 a c(f91 :i* is contr>y to ,italian habits4 c4 ,at ! "t ( ! removal1 ! body1 wre/$ f ! multitude1 is s c>efully hidd5 9 ! basilica t = c5turies its precise place has be5 unkn[n4 d4 ,! bull ( canonization makes no m5tion ( ! /igmata4 e4 ,!y 7 n admitt$ )\t a conte/1 & among ^? :o d5i$ !m 7 "s bi%ops4 ,none ( ^! argum5ts appe>s to me decisive4 a4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages fun]als almo/ always took place imm$iately aft] dea? 7,innoc5t ,,iii4 dy+ at ,p]ugia ,july #af1 #abaf1 is int]r$ ! #ag?2 ,honorius ,,iii4 dies ,m>* #ah1 #abbg1 & is int]r$ ! next day74 b4 ,x is m difficult ?an _m suppose to "k :at 7 ! habits conc]n+ fun]als 9 ,umbria 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,h[ev] t may be1 x 0 c]ta9ly necess>y to put ,francis's body into a c(f94 ,he be+ already canoniz$ by popul> s5tim5t1 8 corpse 0 f t mom5t a relic = :i* a reliqu>y 0 necess>y2 nay m1 a /rong box su* z ! second>y sc5es 9 ,b]l+hi]i's picture %[s x to h be54 ,)\t su* a precaution ! sacr$ body w\ld h be5 r$uc$ to fragm5ts 9 a few mom5ts4 ,call to m9d ! wild en?usiasm t l$ ! devotees to cut (f ! e>s & ev5 ! brea/s ( ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y4 ,qua$am aures illius truncabant1 etiam summitatem mamill>um ejus quidam praecidebant et pro reliquiis sibi s]vabant4--,lib] de dictis iv4 ancill>um1 ,m5ck51 vol4 ii41 p4 #bjcb4 c4 ,! c]emony ( translation br\ght an innum]able multitude to ,assisi4 ,if ,bro!r ,elias conceal$ ! body1#f he may h be5 l$ to d s by ! fe> ( "s organiz$ surprise ( ! ,p]ugians to ga9 possession ( ! preci\s relic4 ,) ! cu/oms ( ^? days1 su* a !ft w\ld h be5 9 n[ise extraord9>y4 ,^! v ,p]ugians a few ye>s lat] /ole away f ,ba/ia1 a village dep5d5t on ,assisi1 ! body ( ,conrad ( ,(fida1 :i* 0 p]=m+ innum]able miracles !re4 7,con=m41 #fj;b1 #a2 cf4 ,giord41 #ej47 ,simil> affrays took place at ,padua ov] ! relics ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 7,hilaire1 ,sa9t ,anto9e de ,pad\e1 sa leg5de primitive1 ,montreuil-sur-,m]1 #a vol41 #hvo1 #ahij1 pp4 #cj-dj47 d4 ,! bull ( canonization1 ) ! great] numb] ( su* docum5ts1 = t matt]1 makes no hi/oric claim4 ,9 its wordy rhetoric we %all soon] le>n ! hi/ory ( ! ,phili/9es1 ( ,samson1 or ev5 ( ,jacob1 ?an ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,canonization "h is only a pretext :i* ! old pontiff seizes = recurr+ to 8 favorite figures4 ,?is sil5ce signifies no?+ aft] ! v explicit te/imony ( o!r bulls by ! same pontiff 9 #abbg1 & aft] ! "p giv5 to ! /igmata 9 ! liturgical songs :i* 9 #abbh he compos$ = ! (fice ( ,/4 ,francis4 e4 ,^! attacks by c]ta9 bi%ops are 9 n[ise surpris+2 !y are episodes 9 ! /ruggle ( ! secul> cl]gy aga9/ ! m5dicant ord]s4 ,at ! "t :5 ^! negations 7 br\ght =w>d 7#abcg7 ! n>rative ( ,?omas ( ,celano 0 (ficial & ev]y:]e kn[n2 no?+ !re=e w\ld h be5 easi]1 half a score ( ye>s aft] ! ev5ts1 ?an to br+ witnesses to expose ! fraud if !re _h be5 any2 b ! ,bi%op ( ,olmuetz & ! o!rs base _! objections always & only ^u dogmatic gr\nds4 ,z to ! attacks ( ! ,dom9icans1 x is ne$less to recall ! rivalry betwe5 ! two ,ord]s2#g is x n !n s+ul> to f9d ^! prote/ations com+ f ,silesia 767 & nev] f ,c5tral ,italy1 :]e1 among o!r eye-witnesses1 ,bro!r ,leo 0 yet liv+ 7,cross #abga78 ,?us ! witnesses appe> to me to ma9ta9 _! integrity4 ,we might h pref]r$ !m m simple & %ort]1 we c\ld wi% t !y _h rea*$ u )\t details :i* awake all sorts ( suspicions1#h b x is v seldom t a witness does n try to prove 8 affirmations & to prop !m up by argum5ts :i*1 ?\gh dete/able1 are appropriate to ! vulg> audi5ce to :i* he is speak+4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p>don ,,( ,,augu/ #b;,d1 ,,call$ ,,indulg5ce ,,( ,,portiuncula#i ,?is "q might be set aside2 on ! :ole x has no direct connection ) ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,yet x occupies too l>ge a place 9 mod]n biographies n to require a few words3 x is relat$ t ,francis 0 9 pray] "o night at ,portiuncula :5 ,jesus & ! ,virg9 appe>$ to him ) a ret9ue ( angels4 ,he made bold to ask an unhe>d-( privilege1 t ( pl5>y indulg5ce ( all s9s = all ^? :o1 hav+ confess$ & be+ contrite1 %\ld visit ?is *apel4 ,jesus grant$ ?is at 8 "m's reque/1 on ! sole condition t 8 vic> ! pope w\ld ratify x4 ,! next day ,francis set out = ,p]ugia1 accompani$ by ,masseo1 & obta9$ f ,honorius ! desir$ indulg5ce1 b only = ! day ( ,augu/ #b;d4 ,su*1 9 a few l9es1 is ! summ>y ( ?is leg5d1 :i* is surr\nd$ ) a cr[d ( m>vell\s incid5ts4 ,! "q ( ! nature & value ( indulg5ces is n "h conc]n$4 ,! only "o :i* is "h put is ?is3 ,did ,francis ask ?is indulg5ce & did ,honorius ,,iii4 grant x8 ,m]ely to r$uce x to ^! simple proportions is to be br\ght to answ] x ) a categorical ,no4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to ref] ev5 briefly to ! difficulties1 contradictions1 impossibilities ( ?is /ory1 _m a "t po9t$ out by or?odox writ]s4 ,9 spite ( all !y h come to ! affirmative conclusion3 ,roma locuta e/4 ,^? :om ?is subject may int]e/ w f9d 9 ! note above detail$ bibliographical indications ( ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( ?is n[ quiet$ discussion4 ,i %all conf9e myself to po9t+ out ! impossibilities ) :i* tradition comes into collision2 !y are bo? psy*ological & hi/orical4 ,! ,boll&i/s long s9ce po9t$ out ! sil5ce ( ,francis's e>ly biograph]s ^u ?is "q4 ,n[ t ! publi%$ docum5ts are mu* m num]\s1 ?is sil5ce is /ill m ov]:elm+4 ,nei!r ! ,fir/ nor ! ,second ,life by ,?omas ( ,celano1 nor ! anonym\s au?or ( ! second life giv5 9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 nor ev5 ! anonym\s writ] ( ,p]ugia1 nor ! ,?ree ,companions1 nor ,bonav5tura say a s+le ^w on ! subject4 ,no m d v mu* lat] works m5tion x1 :i* s9 only by excessive critical scruples3 ,b]n>d ( ,besse1 ,giordiano di ,giano1 ,?omas ,eccle/on1 ! ,*ronicle ( ! ,tribulations1 ! ,fioretti1 & ev5 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,?is conspiracy ( sil5ce ( all ! writ]s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w\ld be ! greate/ miracle ( hi/ory if x 7 n absurd4 ,by way ( explanation1 x has be5 said t ^! writ]s refra9$ f speak+ ( ?is indulg5ce = fe> ( injur+ t ( ! ,crusade2 b 9 t case1 :y did ! pope comm& sev5 bi%ops to g to ,portiuncula to proclaim x 9 8 "n8 ,! leg5d takes ^u itself to expla9 t ,francis refus$ a bull or any writt5 atte/ation ( ?is privilege2 b1 admitt+ ?is1 x w\ld /ill be necess>y to expla9 :y no h9t ( ?is matt] has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! pap]s ( ,honorius ,,iii4 ,& h[ is x t ! bulls s5t to ! sev5 bi%ops h left n ! slighte/ trace ^u ?is pontiff's regi/]8 ,aga91 h[ does x happ51 if sev5 bi%ops (ficially promulgat$ ?is indulg5ce 9 #abag1 t ,/4 ,francis1 aft] hav+ relat$ to ,bro!r ,leo 8 int]view ) ! pope1 said to him3 ,t5eas secretum hoc usque circa mortem tuam2 quia non habet locum adhuc4 ,quia haec indulg5tia occultabitur ad tempus2 s$ ,dom9us trahet eam extra et manife/abitur4 ,con=m41 #aec;b1 #b4 ,su* an av[al is n want+ 9 simplicity4 ,x abundantly proves t be=e ! dea? ( ,bro!r ,leo 7#abga7 no "o _h spok5 ( ?is fam\s p>don4 ,aft] ?is x is ne$less to insi/ ^u second>y difficulties2 h[ is x t ! *apt]s-g5]al 7 n fix$ = ,augu/ #b;d1 to all[ ! ,bro!rs to secure ! indulg5ce8 ,h[ expla9 t ,francis1 aft] hav+ receiv$ 9 #abaf a privilege unique 9 ! annals ( ! ,*ur*1 %\ld be a /rang] to ! pope 9 #abai6 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o m pro( ^: value exce$s all ! o!rs--,francis's ,w3 ,i =bid absolutely all ! ,bro!rs by _! ob$i5ce1 9 :atev] place !y may be1 to ask any bull ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 :e!r directly or indirectly1 nor "u pretext ( *ur* or conv5t1 nor "u pretext ( prea*+1 nor ev5 = _! p]sonal protection4 ,be=e clos+ x rema9s = u to glance at ! gr[? ( ?is leg5d4 ,x 0 def9itively con/itut$ ab\t #accj-acdj1 b x 0 9 ! air long be=e4 ,) ! pati5ce ( f\r ,b5$ict9es 7( ! be/ days7 we %\ld d\btless be able to f9d our way 9 ! m$ley ( docum5ts1 m or less corrupt$1 f :i* x comes to u1 & little by little we might f9d ! />t+-po9t ( ?is dream 9 a fri> :o sees bl9d$ humanity kneel+ ar\nd ,portiuncula to recov] sight4#aj ,x is n difficult to see 9 g5]al :at l$ to ! mat]ialization ( ?is graceful fancy3 p rememb]$ ,francis's atta*m5t to ! *apel :]e he _h he>d ! decisive words ( ! gospel1 & :]e ,/4 ,cl>a 9 h] turn _h ent]$ ^u a new life4 ,:5 ! great ,basilica ( ,assisi 0 built1 draw+ to itself pilgrims & privileges1 an opposition ( pr9ciples & ( inspiration came to be add$ to ! petty rivalry betwe5 x & ,portiuncula4 ,! zealots ( pov]ty said al\d t ?\gh ! ,sa9t's body re/$ 9 ! basilica 8 he>t 0 at ,portiuncula4#aa ,by d9t ( repeat+ & exagg]at+ :at ,francis _h said ab\t ! little sanctu>y1 !y came to give a precise & s to say doctr9al s5se to utt]ances purely my/ical4 ,! viol5ces & p]secutions ( ! p>ty ( ! ,l>ge ,obs]vance "u ! g5]al%ip ( ,cresc5tius#ab 7#abdd-abdg7 ar\s$ a va/ increase ( f]vor among _! adv]s>ies4 ,to ! bull ( ,innoc5t ,,iv4 decl>+ ! basilica !nce=? ,caput et ,mat] ( ! ,ord]#ac ! ,zealots repli$ by ! n>ratives ( ,celano's ,second ,life & ! leg5ds ( t p]iod4#ad ,!y w5t s f> z to quote a promise ( ,francis to make x 9 p]petuity ! ,mat] et ,caput ( 8 in/itute4#ae ,9 ?is way ! two p>ties came to gr\p !mselves ar\nd ^! two build+s4 ,ev5 to-day x is ! same4 ,! ,franciscans ( ! ,/rict ,obs]vance occupy ,portiuncula1 :ile ! ,basilica ( ,assisi is 9 ! h&s ( ! ,conv5tuals 7,l>ge ,obs]vance71 :o h adopt$ all ! int]pretations & mitigations ( ! ,rules2 !y are wor?y folk1 :o live ^u _! divid5ds4 ,by a ph5om5on1 unique1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! annals ( ! ,*ur*1 !y h pu%$ ! fre$om ( _! infidelity to ! po9t ( ca/+ (f ! habit1 ! popul> br[n cassock4 ,dress$ all 9 black1 %od & hatt$1 no?+ di/+ui%es !m f ! secul> cl]gy except a mode/ little cord4 ,poor ,francis6 ,t he may h ! joy ( feel+ 8 tomb bru%$ by a co>se g[n1 "s d>+ fri> mu/ ov]come 8 v natural repugnances1 & come to kneel !re4 ,! indulg5ce ( ,augu/ #b;d is !n ! reply ( ! ,zealots to ! p]secutions ( _! bro!rs4 ,an att5tive /udy w p]haps %[ x em]g+ little by little "u ! g5]al%ip ( ,raimondo ,gaufridi 7#abhi-abie72 ,conrad di ,(fida 7,cross #acjf7 seems to h _h "s effect ^u x1 b only ) ! next g5]ation d we f9d ! leg5d complet$ & av[$ 9 op5 day4 ,begun 9 a misappreh5sion x ends by impos+ itself ^u ! ,*ur*1 :i* to-day gu>antees x ) its infallible au?ority1 & yet 9 its orig9 x 0 a v]itable cry ( revolt aga9/ ! decisions ( ,rome4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! text 0 publi%$ 9 #afbj by ,spoelb]* 79 8 ,speculum vitae ,b4 ,francisci1 ,antw]p1 #b vols41 #abmo1 ii41 pp4 #ajc-ajf71 aft] ! copy address$ to ,bro!r ,gregory1 m9i/] 9 ,france1 & !n pres]v$ 9 ! conv5t ( ! ,recollects 9 ,val5ci5nes4 ,x 0 reproduc$ by ,wadd+ 7,ann4 #abbf1 no4 #dd7 & ! ,boll&i/s 7pp4 #ffh & #ffi74 ,s late an appe>ance ( a capital docum5t might h left room = d\bts2 !re is no long] reason = any1 s9ce ! publication ( ! *ronicle ( ,giordano di ,giano1 :o relates ! s5d+ ( ?is lett] 7,giord41 #ej74 ,! ,abbe ,amoni has also publi%$ ?is text 7at ! close ( 8 ,leg5da trium ,sociorum1 ,rome1 #ahhj1 pp4 #aje-aji71 b accord+ to 8 deplorable habit1 he neglects to tell :5ce he has drawn x4 ,?is is ! m to be regrett$ s9ce he gives a v>iant ( ! fir/ ord]3 ,nam diu ante mortem in/ead ( ,non diu1 z ,spoelb]*'s text has x4 ,! read+ ,nam diu appe>s pref]able f a philological po9t ( view4 #b ,engrav$ 9 ,sa9t ,francois d',assise1 ,p>is1 #dto1 #ahhe1 p4 #bgg4 #c ,biblio!ca ,patrum4 ,lyons1 #afgg1 xxv41 adv4 ,albig5ses1 lib4 ii41 cap4 #aa41 cf4 iii41 #ad & #ae4 ,reproduc$ 9 ! ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #feb4 #d ,! curi\s may consult ! foll[+ s\rces3 ,salimb5i1 ann4 #abej--;,con=m41 #aga;b #b1 #bce;a #b2 ,bon41 #bjj2 ,wadd+1 ann4 #abbh1 no4 #gh2 ,a4 ,,ss41 p4 #hjj4 ,manuscript #cdj ( ! ,sacro ,conv5to conta9s 7fo4 #ee;b-#ef;b7 f\r ( ^! hymns4 ,cf4 ,ar*iv4 i41 p4 #dhe4 #e ,see 9 p>ticul> ,hase3 ,franz v4 ,assisi4 ,leipsic1 #a vol41 #hvo41 #ahef4 ,! le>n$ pr(essor devotes no less ?an sixty closely pr9t$ pages to ! /udy ( ! /igmata1 #adb-bjb4 #f ,! m ,i ?9k ab\t x1 ! m incapable ,i become ( attribut+ any sort ( weight to ?is argum5t f ! disappe>ance ( ! body2 = 9 fact1 if !re _h be5 any pi\s fraud on ,elias's "p1 he w\ld on ! contr>y h display$ ! corpse4 #g ,see1 = example1 #b ,cel41 #c1 #hf1 z well z ! encyclical ( ,giovanni di ,p>ma & ,umb]to di ,romano1 9 #abbe4 #h ,! foll[+ among _m o!rs3 ,francis _h p>ticul>ly high bree*es made = him1 to hide ! w\nd 9 ! side 7,bon41 #bja74 ,at ! mom5t ( ! app>ition1 :i* took place dur+ ! night1 s great a light flood$ ! :ole c\ntry1 t m]*ants lodg+ 9 ! inns ( ,cas5t9o saddl$ _! bea/s & set out on _! way4 ,fior41 iii4 consid4 ,hase1 9 8 /udy1 is cont9ually "u ! weight ( ! bad impression made ^u him by ,bonav5tura's deplorable argum5ts2 he sees ! o!r witness only ?r\gh him4 ,i ?9k t if he _h read simply ,?omas ( ,celano's fir/ ,life1 he w\ld h arriv$ at v diff]5t conclusions4 #i ,! mo/ important docum5t is manuscript #cdd ( ! ar*ives ( ,sacro ,conv5to at ,assisi4 ,lib] indulg5tiae ,s4 ,m>iae de ,angelis sive de ,portiuncula 9 quo libra ego fr4 ,franciscus ,b>?oli de ,assisio posui quidquid potui sollicite inv5ire 9 leg5dis antiquis et novis b4 ,francisci et 9 aliis dictis sociorum ejus de loco eodem et comm5datione ipsius loci et quidquid v]itatis et c]titud9is potui inv5ire de sacra indulg5tia prefati loci1 quomodo scilicet fuit impetrata et data b4 ,francisco de miraculis ipsius indulg5tiae quae ipsam decl>ant c]tam et v]am4 ,b>?oli liv$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,8 "w is /ill unpubli%$1 b ,fa!r ,leo ,patrem ,m4 ,o4 is prep>+ x = publication4 ,! "n ( ?is le>n$ monk gives e gu>anty = ! accuracy ( ?is difficult "w2 mean:ile a detail$ description & long extracts may be f\nd 9 ! ,miscellanea 7ii41 #ahhg74 ,la /oria del p]dono di ,francesco de ,b>?oli1 by ,don ,mi*ele ,faloci ,pulignani1 pp4 #adi-aec 7cf4 ,ar*iv41 i41 p4 #dhf74 ,see also 9 ! ,miscellanea 7i41 #ahhf1 p4 #ae7 a bibliographical note conta9+ a detail$ li/ ( fifty-eight works 7cf4 ibid41 pp4 #dh1 #ade74 ,! leg5d itself is f\nd 9 ! ,speculum1 #fi;b-#hc;a1 & 9 ! ,con=mities1 #aea;b-#aeg;a4 ,9 ^! two collections x is /ill f\nd labori\sly work$ 9 & is n an integral "p ( ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,9 ! latt]1 ,b>tolemmeo di ,pisa has c>ri$ accuracy s f> z to copy f end to end all ! docum5ts t he _h be=e him1 & z !y belong to diff]5t p]iods he ?us gives u sev]al phases ( ! developm5t ( ! tradition4 ,! mo/ complete "w is t ( ! ,recollect ,fa!r ,gr\wel3 ,hi/oria critica ,s4 ,indulg5tiae ,b4 ,m>iae ,angelorum vulgo de ,portiuncula 444 contra ,libellos aliquos anonymo ac famosos nup] editos1 ,antw]p1 #agbf1 #a vol41 #hvo4 pp4 #eaj4 ,! ,boll&i/ ,suysk5 also makes a long /udy ( x 7,a4 ,,ss41 pp4 #hgi-iaj71 z also ! ,recollect ,fa!r ,c&ide ,*alippe1 ,vie de sa9t ,francois d',assise1 #c vols41 #hvo1 ,p>is1 #ahgd 7! fir/ edition is ( #agbj71 vol4 iii41 pp4 #aij-cbg4 ,9 ea* ( ^! works we f9d :at has be5 said 9 all ! o!rs4 ,! num]\s writ+s aga9/ ! ,indulg5ce are ei!r a collection ( vulg>ities or dogmatic treatises2 ,i refra9 f burd5+ ^! pages ) !m4 ,! pr9cipal ones are indicat$ by ,gr\wel & ,*alippe4 ,among contempor>ies ,fa!r ,b>nabas ( ,alsace3 ,portiuncula od] ,ges*i*te ,uns]] lieb5 ,frau von d5 ,engeln 7,rixheim1 #a vol41 #hvo4 #ahhd71 repres5ts ! tradition ( ! ,ord]1 & ! ,abbe ,le ,monni] 7,hi/oire de ,sa9t ,francois1 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,p>is1 #ahhi71 mod]ate ,ca?olic op9ion 9 non-,franciscan circles4 ,! be/ summ>y is t ( ,fa!r ,panfilo da ,magliano 9 8 ,/oria comp5diosa4 ,x has be5 complet$ & am5d$ 9 ! ,g]man translation3 ,ges*i*te des h4 ,franciscus und d] ,franziskan] ueb]setzt und be>beitet von ,fr4 ,qu9tianus ,muell]1 vol4 i41 ,muni*1 #ahhc1 pp4 #bcc-bei4 #aj #b ,cel41 #a1 #ac2 #c ,soc41 #ef2 ,bon41 #bd4 #aa ,con=m41 #bci;b1 #b4 #ab ,see 9 p>ticul> ,ar*iv41 ii41 p4 #bei1 & ! bull ( ,febru>y #g1 #abdf4 ,pot?a/1 #abjjg2 ,glassb]g]1 ann4 #abdd 7,an4 fr4 t4 ii41 p4 #fi74 #ac ,is qui ecclesiam1 ,m>*4 #f1 #abde1 ,pot?a/1 #aaegf4 #ad #b ,cel41 #a1 #ab 7cf4 ,con=m41 #bah;a1 #a72 #c ,soc41 #ef2 ,spec41 #cb;b ff42 #di;b ff42 ,con=m41 #add;a1 #b4 #ae ,con=m41 #afi;a2 #b1 #bag;b4 #a ff4 ,cf4 ,fior41 ,amoni's ed4 7,app5dix to ! ,codex ( ! ,bib4 ,angelica71 p4 #cgh4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,,text ,,conv5tions ,text surr\nd$ by und]scores 7text7 indicates italics 9 ! orig9al4 ,text surr\nd$ by tildes 7text7 indicates bold 9 ! orig9al4 ',folio' abbreviation3 ,! orig9al has two v]sions4 ',f' or 'f' foll[$ by sup]script$ 'o' is transcrib$ ,fo_/fo4 'fo4'_/'fos4' is transcrib$ 'fo4'_/'fos4'4 ,cross is us$ :]e ! text _h a s+le "* t resembl$ a ,maltese ,cross1 & d5otes ye> ( dea?4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ f ! bottom ( ea* page to ! end ( ea* *apt]1 & r5umb]$ by *apt]4 ,,*anges ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,text ,9 _m spots 9 ! scans1 prim>ily 9 footnote citations1 p]iods & commas are p>tially or completely obscur$1 ) :ite space :]e ! m>k w\ld logically appe>4 ,:]e ! scan is uncle>1 punctuation has be5 transcrib$ to mat* ! mo/ common use 9 ! book4 ,:]e ! punctuation is diff]5t f common usage1 b cle>ly pres5t 7i4e4 no extra :ite space aft] an abbreviation or full comma :]e a p]iod seems to make m s5se71 ! scans h be5 replicat$4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( incid5ces ( miss+ clos+ quotation m>ks1 p>ticul>ly = dialog or pray]s4 ,^! h be5 correct$ )\t fur!r comm5t4 ,two l9es miss+ f ! translation ( ! pray] commonly kn[n z ,! ,canticle ( ,all ,creatures 7,*apt] ,,xvii7 h be5 add$4 ,! add$ text is %[n 9 braces 774 ',analecta ,fracniscana' 9 ,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,works1 ,section ,,iv1 ,"p ,,iii1 ,footnote #i 0 *ang$ to ',analecta ,franciscana'4 ',s]v$ by a poor prie/ :o sc>ely' 9 ,*apt] ,,iv 0 *ang$ to ',s]v$ by a poor prie/ :o sc>cely'4 ,9 ! orig9al text1 'ob$iunt' 0 ,,n italiciz$ 9 ! foll[+ quotation3 ,videmus primus ord9is fundatorem mage/rum cui tanquam summo ,priori suo omnes alii ob$iunt4 7,,critical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,works1 ,section ,,iii1 ,"p ,v1 ,footnote #d74 ,x is italiciz$ "h4 ,*apt] ,,xv1 footnote #d _h no an*or m>k] 9 ! orig9al text4 ,! placem5t ( ?is m>k] 9 ?is transcription is n confirm$4