,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,,! ,,arti/  ,illu/ration3
 ,rembr&t ,,! ,,poli% ,,rid] ,b]l9      
,photographic ,co  ,,?\ghts ,,& ,,say+s 
,,( ,,pa9t]s ,,& ,,sculptors ,,on ,,_!  
,,art  ,,collect$  ,,arrang$ ,,by ,,mrs4
 ,,laur5ce ,,b9yon   ,,) ,a ,,preface   
,,by ,,george ,,claus51 ,r4,a4  ,,london
 ,,*atto  ,,w9dus #aiji  ,all rights    
res]v$     ,,preface   ,x is always     
int]e/+ & pr(itable to get ! views (    
workm5 on _! "w1 & on ! pr9ciples :i*   
guide !m 9 x2 & 9 br++ toge!r ^! say+s (
 arti/s ,mrs4 ,b9yon has done a v useful
 ?+4 ,a great numb] ( op9ions are       
pres5t$1 :i*1 9 _! po9ts ( agreem5t &   
disagreem5t1 br+ be=e u 9 ! mo/ *>m+ way
 ! wide range ( ! arti/'s ?\ght1 &      
enable u to realise t ! "w ( ! great    
ones is n f\nd$ on vague caprice or     
s-call$ inspiration1 b on sure          
intuitions :i* lead to def9ite k2 n     
m]ely ! necess>y k ( ! craftsman1 :i* _m
 h possess$ ^: "w has fail$ to hold !   
att5tion ( ! _w1 b also a k ( nature's  
laws4  ,! ,m9d ( ! ,arti/ speaks =      

itself1 & really requires no ^w (       
introduction4 ,^! op9ions z a :ole1 seem
 to me to h a h>mony & consi/5cy1 & to  
ann\nce cle>ly t ! direct+ impulse mu/  
be a desire = expression1 t art is a    
language1 & t ! ?+ to be said is ( m    
importance ?an ! mann] ( say+ x4 ,?is   
desire = expression is ! driv+-=ce ( !  
arti/2 x in=ms1 controls1 & animates 8  
me?od ( work+2 x gov]ns ! h& & eye4 ,t  
figures %\ld give ! impression ( life & 
spontaneity1 t ! sun %\ld %9e1 trees    
move 9 ! w9d1 & nature be felt &        
repres5t$ z a liv+ ?+--?is is ! firm    
gr\nd 9 art2 & 9 ^? :o h ?is feel+ e    
ef=t w1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 lead
 t[>ds its realisation4 ,x %\ld be !    
/>t+-po9t ( ! /ud5t4 ,x does n absolve  
him f ! ne$ ( tak+ ! utmo/ pa9s1 f mak+ 
! mo/ se>*+ /udy ( 8 model2 r x impels  
him1 9 ! exam9ation ( :atev] he feels   
call$ on to repres5t1 to look = ! vital 
& necess>y ?+s3 & ! arti/ w c>ry 8 "w to
 ! utmo/ degree ( completion possible to
 him1 9 ! desire to get at ! he>t ( 8   

!me4  ,tru? to nature1 l a wide mantle1 
%elt]s u all1 & cov]s n only ! outw>d   
aspect ( ?+s1 b _! inn] mean+s & !      
emotions felt ?r\gh !m1 diff]5tly by ea*
 individual4 ,& ! inevitable diff]5ces (
 po9t ( view1 :i* "o enc\nt]s 9 ?is     
book1 are b small matt]s comp>$ ) !     
agreem5t "o f9ds on ess5tial ?+s2 ,i may
 in/ance p>ticul>ly ! /ress laid on !   
obs]vation ( nature4 ,:e!r ! arti/      
*ooses to depict ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 or to 
express an ab/ract ideal1 he mu/1 if 8  
"w is to live1 f\nd x on 8 own exp]i5ce 
( nature4 ,b he mu/ at e /ep also ref]  
to ! pa/4 ,he mu/ f9d ! road t ! great  
ones h made1 rememb]+ t ! problems !y   
solv$ 7 ! same t he has be=e him1 & t   
n[1 no less ?an 9 ,du]]'s "t1 art is    
hidd5 9 nature3 x is = ! arti/ to drag  
h] =?4       ,,george ,,claus54         
,,note   ,?is little volume1 x ne$ h>dly
 be said1 does n aim at be+ complete1 9 
! s5se ( repres5t+ all ! arti/s :o h    
writt5 on art4 ,x is hop$1 h[ev]1 t !   
say+s *os5 w be f\nd fairly             

repres5tative ( :at pa9t]s & sculptors1 
typical ( _! race & "t1 h said ab\t !   
v>i\s aspects ( _! "w4 ,9 mak+ !        
collection1 ,i h _h rec\rse less to     
fam\s compreh5sive treatises &          
expositions ( !ory l ^? ( ,leon>do & (  
,reynolds1 ?an to ! m intimate av[als & 
work+ notes conta9$ 9 lett]s & di>ies1  
or record$ 9 memoirs4 ,! selection ( ^! 
has entail$ consid]able rese>*2 & 9     
trac+ :at 0 (t5 by no means easy to f9d1
 ,i wi% to ackn[l$ge ! k9d assi/ance1   
especially1 ( ,m4 ,raphael ,petrucci1   
,m4 ,l\is ,dimi]1 & ,mr4 ,tancr$        
,bor5ius4 ,i h also to ?ank ,lady       
,burne-,jones1 ,miss ,birnie ,philip1   
,mrs4 ,watts1 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,furse1 ,mr4
 ,w4 ,m4 ,rossetti1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4        
,millais1 ,mr4 ,samuel ,calv]t1 & ,mr4  
,sydney ,cock]ell1 = p]mission to make  
quotations f ,burne-,jones1 ,:i/l]1     
,watts1 ,furse1 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1      
,madox ,br[n1 ,millais1 ,edw>d ,calv]t1 
& ,william ,morris2 also ,sir ,m>t9     
,conway1 ,sir ,*>les ,holroyd1 ,mrs4    

,h]r+ham1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,mc,curdy1 & ,mr4    
,ev]>d ,meynell1 = all[+ me to use _!   
translations f ,du]]1 ,francisco        
d',oll&a 7conv]sations ) ,mi*ael        
,angelo71 ,c5n9o ,c5n9i1 ,leon>do1 &    
,corot1 respectively4  ,?ankful         
ackn[l$gm5t is also made to ! au?ors (  
any o!r quotations ^: names may         
inadv]t5tly h be5 omitt$4  ,above all1  
,i ?ank my husb& = 8 advice & help4  ,c4
 ,m4 ,b4     ,,illu/rations   ,,!       
,,poli% ,,rid]4 ,rembr&t                
,frontispiece ,t>n[ski ,collection1     
,dzik[                                  
,,fac+ ,,page  ,,! ,,ca/le ,,9 ,,!      
,,p>k4 ,rub5s4 7,detail7       #bh      
,vi5na  ,,love4 ,millais                
#dh ,! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum  ,,!  
,,music ,,( ,,pan4 ,signorelli          
#gd ,b]l9  ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,arti/',s
 ,,wife4 ,j4 ,van ,eyck       #if       
,bruges  ,,hope4 ,puvis de ,*avannes    
#ajb ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4           
,dur&-,revel  ,,! ,,mass ,,( ,,bols5a4  
,raphael4 7,detail7        #aah ,!      

,vatican  ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,& ,,!          
,,butt]fly4 ,ga9sbor\gh    #acd         
,national ,gall]y     ,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,,! 
,,arti/   ,i  ,an able pa9t] by 8 p[] ( 
p5etration into ! my/]ies ( 8 art is    
usually an able critic4  ,alfr$         
,/ev5s4#a  ,footnote #a3 ,! ,belgian    
pa9t]1 n ! ,engli% sculptor4   ,,ii     
,art1 l love1 excludes all competition1 
& absorbs ! man4       ,fuseli4   ,,iii 
,a good pa9t] has two *ief objects to   
pa9t1 namely1 man1 & ! int5tion ( 8 s\l4
 ,! fir/ is easy1 ! second difficult1   
because he has to repres5t x ?r\gh !    
attitudes & movem5ts ( ! limbs4 ,?is    
%\ld be le>nt f ! dumb1 :o d x bett] ?an
 any o!r sort ( p]son4  ,leon>do da     
,v9ci4   ,,iv  ,9 my judgm5t t is !     
excell5t & div9e pa9t+ :i* is mo/ l &   
be/ imitates any "w ( immortal ,god1    
:e!r a human figure1 or a wild & /range 
animal1 or a simple & easy fi%1 or a    
bird ( ! air1 or any o!r creature4 ,&   
?is nei!r ) gold nor silv] nor ) v f9e  
t9ts1 b drawn only ) a p5 or a p5cil1 or

 ) a bru% 9 black & :ite4 ,to imitate   
p]fectly ea* ( ^! ?+s 9 its species     
seems to me to be no?+ else b to desire 
to imitate ! "w ( immortal ,god4 ,& yet 
t ?+ w be ! mo/ noble & p]fect 9 ! works
 ( pa9t+ :i* 9 itself reproduc$ ! ?+ :i*
 is mo/ noble & ( ! greate/ delicacy &  
k4  ,mi*ael ,angelo4   ,v  ,! art (     
pa9t+ is employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 &
 by x ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ & _m o!r        
pr(itable examples are set =?4 ,x       
pres]ve? also ! lik5ess ( m5 aft] _!    
dea?4 ,by aid ( del9eations !           
measurem5ts ( ! e>?1 ! wat]s1 & ! />s   
are bett] to be und]/ood2 & _m ?+s      
likewise become kn[n unto m5 by !m4 ,!  
atta9m5t ( true1 arti/ic1 & lovely      
execution 9 pa9t+ is h>d to come unto2 x
 ne$e? long "t & a h& practis$ to almo/ 
p]fect fre$om4 ,:osoev]1 !re=e1 falle?  
%ort ( ?is _c atta9 a "r und]/&+ 79     
matt]s ( pa9t+7 = x come? alone by      
inspiration f above4 ,! art ( pa9t+ _c  
be truly judg$ save by su* z are        
!mselves good pa9t]s2 f o!rs v]ily is x 

hidd5 ev5 z a /range tongue4 ,x 7 a     
noble occupation = +5i\s y\?s )\t       
employm5t to ex]cise !mselves 9 ?is art4
  ,du]]4     ,,aims ,,& ,,ideals   ,,vi 
,give ?\ to ,god no m ?an he aske? ( !e2
 b to man also1 t :i* is man's4 ,9 all t
 ?\ doe/1 "w f ?9e own he>t1 simply2 = 8
 he>t is z ?9e1 :5 ?9e is wise & humble2
 & he %all h und]/&+ ( !e4 ,"o drop (   
ra9 is z ano!r1 & ! sun's prism 9 all3 &
 %alt n ?\ be z he1 ^: lives are ! brea?
 ( ,"o8 ,only by mak+ ?yself 8 equal c  
he le>n to hold communion ) !e1 & at la/
 own !e above him4 ,n till ?\ lean ov] !
 wat] %alt ?\ see ?9e image !re93 /&    
erect1 & x %all slope f ?y feet & be    
lo/4 ,"k t !re is b ?is means :]eby ?\  
may/ s]ve ,god ) man4444 ,set ?9e h& &  
?y s\l to s]ve man ) ,god4444  ,*i>o1   
s]vant ( ,god1 take n[ ?9e ,art unto !e1
 & pa9t me ?us1 z ,i am1 to "k me2 weak1
 z ,i am1 & 9 ! we$s ( ?is "t2 only )   
eyes :i* seek out lab\r1 & ) a fai?1 n  
le>n$1 yet jeal\s ( pray]4 ,d ?is2 s    
%all ?y s\l /& be=e !e always1 & p]plex 

!e no m4  ,rossetti4   ,,vii  ,i "k t   
?is _w is a _w ( imag9ation & vision4 ,i
 see ev]y?+ ,i pa9t 9 ?is _w1 b ev]ybody
 does n see alike4 ,to ! eyes ( a mis] a
 gu9ea is f> m beautiful ?an ! sun1 & a 
bag worn ) ! use ( money has m beautiful
 proportions ?an a v9e fill$ ) grapes4  
,! tree :i* moves "s to te>s ( joy1 is 9
 ! eyes ( o!rs only a gre5 ?+ :i* /&s 9 
! way4444 ,to ! eye ( ! man (           
imag9ation1 ,nature is ,imag9ation      
itself4  ,blake4   ,,viii  ,pa9t+ is    
no?+ b ! art ( express+ ! invisible by !
 visible4  ,from5t94   ,,ix  ,! picture 
,i speak ( is a small "o1 & repres5ts   
m]ely ! figure ( a woman1 clad to ! h&s 
& feet ) a gre5 & grey raim5t1 *a/e &   
e>ly 9 its fa%ion1 b exce$+ly simple4   
,%e is /&+3 h] h&s are held toge!r      
lightly1 & h] eyes set e>ne/ly op54  ,! 
face & h&s 9 ?is picture1 ?\gh wr\ght ) 
great delicacy1 h ! appe>ance ( be+     
pa9t$ at once1 9 a s+le sitt+3 ! drap]y 
is unf9i%$4 ,z soon z ,i saw ! figure1 x
 drew an awe ^u me1 l wat] 9 %ad[4 ,i   

%all n attempt to describe x m ?an ,i h 
already done1 = ! mo/ absorb+ wond] ( x 
0 its lit]ality4 ,y knew t figure1 :5   
pa9t$1 _h be5 se52 yet x 0 n a ?+ to be 
se5 ( m54  ,rossetti4   ,x  ,a great "w 
( high art is a noble !me treat$ 9 a    
noble mann]1 awak5+ our be/ & mo/       
rev]5tial feel+s1 t\*+ our g5]osity1 our
 t5d]ness1 or dispos+ u g5]ally to      
s]i\sness--a subject ( human endurance1 
( human ju/ice1 ( human aspiration &    
hope1 depict$ wor?ily by ! special means
 art has 9 h] p[] to use4 ,9 ,mi*ael    
,angelo & ,raphael we h high art2 9     
,titian we h high art2 9 ,turn] we h    
high art4 ,! fir/ appeals to our highe/ 
s5sibilities by maje/y ( l9e1 ! second  
ma9ly by dignifi$ s]5ity1 ! ?ird by     
spl5d\r especially1 ! ,engli%man by a   
comb9ation ( ^! qualities1 b1 lack+ !   
directly human appeal to human          
sympa?ies1 8 "w mu/ be put on a l[]     
level4  ,watts4   ,,xi  ,,! ,,six       
,,canons ,,( ,,art  ,rhy?mic vitality1  
anatomical /ructure1 con=mity ) nature1 

suitability ( col\r+1 arti/ic           
composition1 & f9i%4  ,hsieh ,ho        
7,*9ese1 six? c5tury ,a4,d474   ,,xii   
,9 pa9t+1 ! mo/ tr\blesome subject is   
man1 !n l&scape1 !n dogs & horses1 !n   
build+s1 :i* be+ fix$ objects are easy  
to manage up to a c]ta9 po9t1 b ( :i* x 
is difficult to get f9i%$ pictures4  ,ku
 ,k'ai-,*ih 7,*9ese1 f\r? c5tury        
,a4,d474   ,,xiii  ,fir/ x is necess>y  
to "k :at ?is sort ( imitation is1 & to 
def9e x4  ,def9ition3  ,x is an         
imitation made ) l9es & ) col\rs on "s  
plane surface ( ev]y?+ t c be se5 "u !  
sun4 ,its object is to give delight4    
,pr9ciples :i* may be le>nt by all m5 ( 
reason3  ,no visible object c be pres5t$
 )\t light4  ,no visible object c be    
pres5t$ )\t a transp>5t m$ium4  ,no     
visible object c be pres5t$ )\t a       
b\nd>y4  ,no visible object c be pres5t$
 )\t col\r4  ,no visible object c be    
pres5t$ )\t di/ance4  ,no visible object
 c be pres5t$ )\t an in/rum5t4  ,:at    
foll[s _c be le>nt1 x is born ) ! pa9t]4

  ,ni*olas ,p\ss94   ,,xiv  ,9 pa9t+1 & 
above all 9 portraiture1 says ,madame   
,cave 9 h] *>m+ essay1 x is s\l :i*     
speaks to s\l3 & n k :i* speaks to k4   
,?is obs]vation1 m pr(\nd p]haps ?an %e 
h]self 0 aw>e1 is an arraignm5t (       
p$antry 9 execution4 ,a hundr$ times ,i 
h said to myself1 ,pa9t+1 speak+        
mat]ially1 is no?+ b a bridge betwe5 !  
s\l ( ! arti/ & t ( ! spectator4        
,delacroix4   ,,xv  ,! art ( pa9t+ is   
p]haps ! mo/ indiscreet ( all ! arts4 ,x
 is an unimpea*able witness to ! moral  
/ate ( ! pa9t] at ! mom5t :5 he held !  
bru%4 ,! ?+ he will$ to d he did3 t :i* 
he only half-he>t$ly will$ c be se5 9 8 
indecisions3 t :i* he did n w at all is 
n to be f\nd 9 8 "w1 :atev] he may say &
 :atev] o!rs may say4 ,a di/raction1 a  
mom5t's =getfulness1 a gl[ ( w>m] feel+1
 a dim9ution ( insight1 relaxation (    
att5tion1 a dull+ ( 8 love = :at he is  
/udy+1 ! t$i\sness ( pa9t+ & ! passion =
 pa9t+1 all ! %ades ( 8 nature1 ev5 to !
 lapses ( 8 s5sibility1 all ?is is told 

by ! pa9t]'s "w z cle>ly z if he 7 tell+
 x 9 our e>s4  ,from5t94   ,,xvi  ,!    
fir/ m]it ( a picture is to fea/ ! eyes4
 ,i don't mean t ! intellectual elem5t  
is n also necess>y2 x is z ) f9e poetry 
444 all ! intellect 9 ! _w won't prev5t 
x f be+ bad if x grates h>%ly on ! e>4  
,we talk ( hav+ an e>2 s x is n e eye   
:i* is fitt$ to enjoy ! subtleties (    
pa9t+4 ,_m p h a false eye or an indol5t
 eye2 !y c see objects lit]ally1 b !    
exquisite is beyond !m4  ,delacroix4    
,,xvii  ,i w\ld l my "w to appeal to !  
eye & m9d z music appeals to ! e> &     
he>t4 ,i h some?+ t ,i want to say :i*  
may be useful to & t\* mank9d1 & to say 
x z well z ,i c 9 =m & col\r is my      
endeav\r2 m ?an t ,i _c d4  ,watts4     
,,xviii  ,give me leave to say1 t to    
pa9t a v beautiful ,woman1 ,i ought to h
 be=e me ^? t are ! mo/ s2 ) ?is        
,condition1 t y\r ,lord%ip might assi/  
me 9 *oos+ out ! greate/ ,beauty4 ,b z  
,i am "u a d\ble ,want1 bo? ( good      
,judgm5t & f9e ,wom51 ,i am =c$ to g by 

a c]ta9 ,idea :i* ,i =m 9 my own ,m9d4  
,:e!r ?is ha? any ,excell5ce ( ,art 9 x1
 ,i _c det]m9e2 b 'tis :at ,i lab\r at4 
,raphael4   ,,xix  ,i mean by a picture 
a beautiful romantic dream ( some?+ t   
nev] 01 nev] w be--9 a light bett] ?an  
any light t ev] %one--9 a l& no "o c    
def9e or rememb]1 only desire--& ! =ms  
div9ely beautiful--& !n ,i wake up ) !  
wak+ ( ,brynhild4  ,burne-,jones4   ,,xx
  ,i love ev]y?+ = :at x is4  ,c\rbet4  
,,xxi  ,i look = my tones2 x is q       
simple4  ,c\rbet4   ,,xxii  ,_m p imag9e
 t art is capable ( an indef9ite        
progress t[>d p]fection4 ,?is is a      
mi/ake4 ,!re is a limit :]e x mu/ /op4  
,& = ?is reason3 ! conditions :i* gov]n 
! imitation ( nature are fix$4 ,! object
 is to produce a picture1 t is to say1 a
 plane surface ei!r ) or )\t a bord]1 & 
on ?is surface ! repres5tation ( some?+ 
produc$ by ! sole means ( diff]5t col\r+
 sub/ances4 ,s9ce x is oblig$ to rema9  
?us circumscrib$1 x is easy to =esee !  
limit ( p]fectibility4 ,:5 ! picture has

 succe$$ 9 satisfy+ our m9ds 9 all !    
conditions impos$ on its production1 x w
 cease to int]e/4 ,su* is ! fate (      
ev]y?+ :i* has atta9$ its end3 we gr[   
indiff]5t & ab&on x4  ,9 ! conditions   
gov]n+ ! production ( ! picture1 e means
 has be5 explor$4 ,! mo/ difficult      
problem 0 t ( complete relief1 dep? (   
p]spective c>ri$ to ! po9t ( p]fect     
illusion4 ,! /]eoscope has solv$ !      
problem4 ,x only rema9s n[ to comb9e ?is
 p]fection ) ! o!r k9ds ( p]fection     
already f\nd4 ,let no man imag9e t art1 
b\nd by ^! conditions ( ! plane surface1
 c ev] free itself f ! circle :i* limits
 x4 ,x is easy to =esee t its la/ ^w w  
soon h be5 said4  ,wi]tz4   ,,xxiii  ,9 
8 admirable book on ,%akespe>e1 ,victor 
,hugo has %[n t !re is no progress 9 !  
arts4 ,nature1 _! model1 is un*angeable2
 & ! arts _c transc5d h] limits4 ,!y    
atta9 complet5ess ( expression 9 ! "w ( 
a ma/]1 on :om o!r ma/]s are =m$4 ,!n   
comes developm5t1 & !n a lapse1 an      
int]val4 ,by-&-by1 art is born anew "u !

 /imulus ( a man :o cat*es f ,light a   
new conv5tion4  ,bracquemond4   ,,xxiv  
,! pa9t] 444 does n set 8 palette ) !   
real hues ( ! ra9b[4 ,:5 he pictures to 
u ! "* ( a h]o1 or pa9ts "s sc5e (      
nature1 he does n pres5t u ) a liv+ man 
9 ! "* ( ! h]o 7= ?is is ! bus9ess (    
dramatic art72 nor does he make up 8    
l&scape ( real rocks1 or trees1 or wat]1
 b ) fictiti\s resemblances ( ^!4 ,yet 9
 ^! figm5ts he is z truly b\nd by ! laws
 ( ! appe>ance ( ^? realities1 ( :i* !y 
are ! copy 7& v mu* to ! same ext5t71 z 
! musician is by ! natural laws &       
prop]ties ( s\nd4  ,9 %ort1 ! :ole      
object ( physical sci5ce1 or1 9 o!r     
words1 ! :ole ( s5sible nature1 is      
includ$ 9 ! doma9 ( imitative art1 ei!r 
z ! subjects1 ! objects1 or ! mat]ials (
 imitation3 e f9e art1 !re=e1 has c]ta9 
physical sci5ces collat]al to x1 on !   
ab/ractions ( :i* x builds1 m or less1  
accord+ to its nature & purpose4 ,b !   
drift ( ! art itself is some?+ totally  
di/9ct f t ( ! physical sci5ce to :i* x 

is relat$2 & x is n m absurd to say t   
physiology or anatomy con/itute ! sci5ce
 ( poetry or dramatic art ?an t ac\/ics 
& h>monics are ! sci5ce ( music2 optics1
 ( pa9t+2 me*anics1 or o!r bran*es (    
physical sci5ce1 t ( ar*itecture4       
,dyce4   ,,xxv  ,aft] all ,i h se5 (    
,art1 ) no?+ am ,i m impress$ ?an ) !   
necessity1 9 all great "w1 = suppress+ !
 workman & all ! mean dext]ity (        
practice4 ,! result itself1 9 quiet     
dignity1 is ! only wor?y atta9m5t4      
,wood-engrav+1 ( all ?+s mo/ ready =    
dext]ity1 reads u a good lesson4  ,edw>d
 ,calv]t4   ,,xxvi  ,%all ,pa9t+ be     
conf9$ to ! sordid drudg]y ( facsimile  
repres5tations ( m]ely mortal & p]i%+   
sub/ances1 & n be z poetry & music are1 
elevat$ into its own prop] sph]e (      
inv5tion & vision>y conception8 ,no1 x  
%all n be s6 ,pa9t+1 z well z poetry &  
music1 exi/s & exults 9 immortal ?\ghts4
  ,blake4   ,,xxvii  ,if any man has any
 poetry 9 him1 he %\ld pa9t1 = x has all
 be5 said & writt51 & !y h sc>cely begun

 to pa9t x4  ,william ,morris4          
,,xxviii  ,long live consci5ce &        
simplicity6 !re lies ! only way to !    
true & ! sublime4  ,corot4   ,,xxix     
,all ! "y m5 ( ?is s*ool ( ,+res h      
some?+ ( ! p$ant ab\t !m2 !y seem to ?9k
 t m]ely to be enroll$ among ! p>ty (   
s]i\s pa9t]s is a m]it 9 itself4 ,s]i\s 
pa9t+ is _! p>ty cry4 ,i told ,demay t a
 cr[d ( p ( tal5t _h done no?+ wor?     
speak+ ( because ( all ^! facti\s dogmas
 t !y get enslav$ to1 or t ! prejudice (
 ! mom5t imposes on !m4 ,s1 = example1 )
 ?is fam\s cry ( ,beauty1 :i* is1       
accord+ to ! _w's op9ion1 ! goal ( !    
arts3 if x is ! "o & only goal1 :at     
becomes ( m5 :o1 l ,rub5s1 ,rembr&t1 &  
nor!rn natures 9 g5]al1 pref] o!r       
qualities8 ,dem& ( ,puget purity1 beauty
 9 fact1 & x is good-bye to 8 v]ve4     
,speak+ g5]ally1 m5 ( ! ,nor? are less  
attract$ to beauty2 ! ,italian pref]s   
decoration2 ?is applies to music too4   
,delacroix4   ,,xxx  ,at ! pres5t "t !  
task is easi]4 ,x is a "q ( all[+ to    

ev]y?+ its own int]e/1 ( putt+ man back 
9 8 place1 &1 if ne$ be1 ( do+ )\t him4 
,! mom5t has come to ?9k less1 to aim   
less high1 to look m closely1 to obs]ve 
bett]1 to pa9t z well b diff]5tly4 ,?is 
is ! pa9t+ ( ! cr[d1 ( ! t[nsman1 !     
workman1 ! p>v5u1 ! man 9 ! /reet2 done 
:olly = him1 done f him4 ,x is a "q (   
becom+ humble be=e humble ?+s1 small    
be=e small ?+s1 subtle be=e subtle ?+s2 
( ga!r+ !m all toge!r )\t omission & )\t
 disda91 ( ent]+ famili>ly into _!      
intimacy1 affectionately into _! way (  
be+2 x is a matt] ( sympa?y1 att5tive   
curiosity1 pati5ce4 ,h5ce=?1 g5ius w    
consi/ 9 hav+ no prejudice1 9 n be+     
consci\s ( "o's k1 9 all[+ oneself to be
 tak5 by surprise by "o's model1 9 ask+ 
only f him h[ he %all be repres5t$4 ,z =
 beautify+--nev]6 ennobl+--nev]6        
correct+--nev]6 ,^! are lies & useless  
tr\ble4 ,is !re n 9 e arti/ wor?y ( ! "n
 a some?+ :i* sees to ?is naturally &   
)\t ef=t8  ,from5t94   ,,xxxi  ,i s5d y 
also "s et*+s & a ,woman dr9k+ ,abs9!1  

drawn ?is w9t] f life 9 ,p>is4 ,x is a  
girl call$ ,m>ie ,joliet1 :o us$ e ev5+ 
to come drunk to ! ,bal ,bulli]1 & :o _h
 a look 9 h] eyes ( dea? galvanis$ into 
life4 ,i made h] sit to me & tri$ to    
r5d] :at ,i saw4 ,?is is my pr9ciple 9 !
 task ,i h set be=e me4 ,i am det]m9$ to
 make no book-illu/ration b x %all be a 
means ( contribut+ t[>ds an effect (    
life & no?+ m4 ,a pat* ( col\r & x is   
suffici5t2 we mu/ leave ^! *ildi% ?\ghts
 beh9d u4 ,life6 we mu/ try to r5d]     
life1 & x is h>d en\gh4  ,felici5 ,rops4
   ,,xxxii  ,s ?is damn$ ,realism made  
an in/9ctive appeal to my pa9t]'s       
vanity1 & d]id+ all traditions1 cri$    
al\d ) ! confid5ce ( ignorance1 ,back to
 ,nature6 ,nature6 ah1 my fri5d1 :at    
mis*ief t cry has done me4 ,:]e 0 !re an
 apo/le apt] to receive ?is doctr9e1 s  
conv5i5t = me z x 0--beautiful ,nature1 
& all t humbug8 ,x is no?+ b t4 ,well1 !
 _w 0 wat*+2 & x saw ,! ,piano1 ! ,:ite 
,girl1 ! ,?ames subjects1 ! m>9es 444   
canvases produc$ by a fell[ :o 0 puff$  

up ) ! conceit ( be+ able to prove to 8 
comrades 8 magnific5t gifts1 qualities  
:i* only ne$$ a rigor\s tra9+ to make _!
 possessor to-day a ma/]1 in/ead ( a    
dissipat$ /ud5t4 ,ah1 :y 0 ,i n a pupil 
( ,+res8 ,i don't say t out ( en?usiasm 
= 8 pictures2 ,i h only a mod]ate lik+ =
 !m4 ,sev]al ( 8 canvases1 :i* we h     
look$ at toge!r1 seem to me ( a v       
que/ionable /yle1 n at all ,greek1 z p  
want to call x1 b ,fr5*1 & vici\sly     
,fr5*4 ,i feel t we mu/ g f> beyond ?is1
 t !re are f> m beautiful ?+s to be     
done4 ,yet1 ,i repeat1 :y 0 ,i n 8      
pupil8 ,:at a ma/] he w\ld h be5 = u6   
,h[ salut>y w\ld h be5 8 guidance6      
,:i/l]4   ,,xxxiii  ,x has be5 said1 ,:o
 w deliv] u f ! ,greeks & ,romans8 ,soon
 we %all be say+1 ,:o w deliv] u f      
realism8 ,no?+ is s tir+ z a con/ant    
close imitation ( life4 ,"o comes back  
inevitably to imag9ative "w4 ,hom]'s    
fictions w always be pref]r$ to         
hi/orical tru?1 ,rub5s' fabul\s         
magnific5ce to all ! fripp]y copi$      

exactly f ! lay figure4  ,! pa9t] :o is 
a ma*9e w pass away1 ! pa9t] :o is a m9d
 w rema92 ! _s = ev] triumphs ov] matt]4
  ,wi]tz4   ,,xxxiv  ,a little book by !
 ,russian soldi] & arti/ ,v]e/*ag9 is   
int]e/+ to ! /ud5t4 ,z a reali/1 he     
condemns all art f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( 
picture-mak]s1 & dep5ds only on exact   
imitation1 & ! conditions ( accid5t4 ,9 
our seek+ aft] tru?1 & endeav\r nev] to 
be unreal or affect$1 x mu/ n be =gott5 
t ?is endeav\r aft] tru? is to be made )
 mat]ials altoge!r unreal & diff]5t f ! 
object to be imitat$4 ,no?+ 9 a picture 
is real2 inde$1 ! pa9t]'s art is ! mo/  
unreal ?+ 9 ! :ole range ( our ef=ts4   
,?\gh art mu/ be f\nd$ on nature1 art & 
nature are di/9ctly diff]5t ?+s2 9 a    
c]ta9 class ( subjects probability may1 
inde$ mu/1 be violat$1 provid$ !        
violation is n disagreeable4  ,ev]y?+ 9 
a "w ( art mu/ accord4 ,?\gh gloom &    
desolation w\ld deep5 ! effects ( a     
di/ress+ incid5t 9 real life1 su*       
accompanim5ts are n necess>y to make u  

feel a ?rill ( horror or awak5 ! ke5e/  
sympa?y4 ,! mo/ awful circum/ances may  
take place "u ! pure/ sky1 & amid ! mo/ 
lovely surr\nd+s4 ,! human s5sibilities 
w be too mu* affect$ by ! human         
sympa?ies to he$ ! ext]nal conditions2 b
 to awak5 9 a picture simil>            
impressions1 c]ta9 artificial aids mu/  
be us$2 ! g5]al aspect mu/ be tr\bl$ or 
sad4  ,watts4   ,,xxxv  ,! rem>ks made  
on my ,man ) ! ,hoe seem always v /range
 to me1 & ,i am oblig$ to y = repeat+ !m
 to me1 = once m x sets me m>vell+ at ! 
ideas !y impute to me4 ,9 :at club h my 
critics ev] enc\nt]$ me8 ,a ,sociali/1  
!y cry6 ,well1 really1 ,i might answ] ! 
*>ge z ! commiss>y f ,auv]gne did :5 he 
wrote home3 ,!y h be5 say+ t ,i am a    
,sa9t-,simonian3 x's n true2 ,i don't "k
 :at a ,sa9t-,simonian is4  ,c't !y !n  
simply admit su* ideas z may occur to ! 
m9d 9 look+ at a man doom$ to ga9 8 liv+
 by ! sweat ( 8 br[8 ,!re are "s :o tell
 me t ,i d5y ! *>m ( ! c\ntry4 ,i f9d 9 
! c\ntry mu* m ?an *>m2 ,i f9d inf9ite  

spl5d\r2 ,i look on ev]y?+ z !y d on !  
little p[]s ( :i* ,*ri/ said1 ,i say    
unto y1 t ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 n    
array$ l "o ( ^!4 ,i see & note !       
aureole on ! d&elion1 & ! sun :i*1 f>   
away1 beyond ! /ret*+ c\ntry1 sp5ds 8   
glory on ! cl\ds4 ,i see j z mu* 9 !    
flat pla92 9 ! horses /eam+ z !y toil2 &
 !n 9 a /ony place ,i see a man q       
exhau/$1 ^: gasps h be5 audible s9ce    
morn+1 :o tries to draw himself up = a  
mom5t to take brea?4 ,! drama is        
surr\nd$ by spl5d\rs4 ,?is is no        
inv5tion ( m9e2 & x is long s9ce t      
expression ! cry ( ! e>? 0 discov]$4 ,my
 critics are m5 ( le>n+ & ta/e1 ,i      
imag9e2 b ,i _c put myself into _! sk9s1
 & s9ce ,i h nev] 9 my life se5 any?+ b 
! fields1 ,i try to tell1 z be/ ,i c1   
:at ,i h se5 & exp]i5c$ z ,i work$4     
,millet4   ,,xxxvi  ,"o ( ! h>de/ ?+s 9 
! _w is to det]m9e h[ mu* realism is    
all[able 9 any p>ticul> picture4 ,x is (
 s _m diff]5t k9ds too4 ,= in/ance1 ,i  
want a %ield or a cr[n or a pair ( w+s  

or :at n1 to look real4 ,well1 ,i make  
:at ,i want1 or a model ( x1 & !n make  
/udies f t4 ,s t :at ev5tually gets on  
to ! canvas is a reflection ( a         
reflection ( some?+ purely imag9>y4 ,!  
?ree ,magi nev] _h cr[ns l t1 suppos+ !m
 to h _h cr[ns at all1 b ! effect is    
reali/ic because ! cr[n f :i* ! /udies 7
 made is real--& s on4  ,burne-,jones4  
,,xxxvii  ,d y und]/& n[ t all my       
intellig5ce rejects is 9 imm$iate       
relation to all my he>t aspires to1 & t 
! spectacle ( human blund]s & human     
vil5ess is an equally p[]ful motive =   
action 9 ! ex]cise ( art ) spr+s (      
tranquil contemplation t ,i h felt )9 me
 s9ce ,i 0 a *ild8  ,we h come f>1 ,i   
hope1 f ! %ad[y foliage cr[n+ ! humble  
ro( ( ! primitive human dwell+1 f> f !  
w>bl+ ( ! birds t brood among ! bran*es2
 f> f all ^! t5d] ?+s4 ,we left !m1     
not)/&+1 ! o!r day2 & ev5 if we _h /ay$1
 d y ?9k we %\ld h cont9u$ to enjoy !m8 
,believe me1 ev]y?+ comes f ! univ]sal2 
we mu/ embrace to give life4  ,:atev]   

int]e/ "o may get f mat]ial (f]$ by a   
p]iod1 religion1 mann]s1 hi/ory1 c41 9  
repres5t+ a p>ticul> type1 x w avail    
no?+ )\t an und]/&+ ( ! univ]sal ag5cy (
 atmosph]e1 t modell+ ( inf9ity2 x %all 
come to pass t a /one f5ce1 ab\t :i* !  
air seems to move & brea!1 %all be1 9 a 
museum1 a gr&] conception ?an any       
ambiti\s "w :i* lacks ?is univ]sal      
elem5t & expresses only some?+ p]sonal4 
,all ! p]sonal & p>ticul> maje/y ( a    
portrait ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 by ,lebrun or by
 ,rigaud %all be z no?+ beside !        
simplicity ( a tuft ( grass %9+ cle> 9 a
 gleam ( sunlight4  ,r\sseau4           
,,xxxviii  ,( all ! ?+s t is likely to  
give u back popul> art 9 ,engl&1 !      
clean+ ( ,engl& is ! fir/ & ! mo/       
necess>y4 ,^? :o are to make beautiful  
?+s mu/ live 9 a beautiful place4       
,william ,morris4   ,,xxxix  ,on ! :ole1
 "o mu/ suppose t beauty is a m>ketable 
quality1 & t ! bett] ! "w is all r\nd1  
bo? z a "w ( art & 9 its te*nique1 ! m  
likely x is to f9d fav\r ) ! public4    

,william ,morris4     ,,art ,,&         
,,society   ,,xl  ,) ! language ( beauty
 9 full resonance ar\nd him1 art 0 n    
difficult to ! pa9t] & sculptor ( old z 
x is ) u4 ,no anatomical /udy w d = !   
mod]n arti/ :at habitual acqua9tance ) !
 human =m did = ,pheidias4 ,no ,v5etian 
pa9t$ a horse ) ! tru? & c]ta9ty (      
,horace ,v]net1 :o knew ! animal by     
he>t1 rode him1 groom$ him1 & _h him    
con/antly 9 8 /udio4 ,e arti/ mu/ pa9t  
:at he sees1 r e arti/ mu/ pa9t :at is  
ar\nd him1 c produce no great "w unless 
he impress ! "* ( 8 age ^u 8 production1
 n necess>ily tak+ 8 subjects f x 7bett]
 if he c71 b tak+ ! impress ( its life4 
,! great art ( ,pheidias did n deal ) ! 
hi/ory ( 8 "t1 b compress$ into its =m !
 qualities ( ! mo/ intellectual p]iod ! 
_w has se52 nor 7 any mat]ials to be    
inv5t$ or borr[$1 he _h !m all at h&1   
express+ himself 9 a natural language   
d]iv$ f famili>ity ) natural objects4   
,beauty is ! language ( art1 & ) ?is at 
comm& ?\ghts z !y arise take visible =m 

p]haps almo/ )\t ef=t1 or 7c]ta9        
te*nical difficulties ov]come7 ) little 
m ?an is requir$ 9 writ+--?is n absolv+ 
! arti/ or ! poet f e>ne/ ?\ght & sev]e 
/udy4 ,9 _m respects ! pres5t age is f> 
m advanc$ ?an prec$+ times1 incomp>ably 
m full ( k2 b ! language ( great art is 
dead1 = g5]al1 noble beauty1 p]vades    
life no m4 ,! arti/ is oblig$ to return 
to ext9ct =ms ( spee* if he w\ld speak z
 ! great ones h spok54 ,no?+ beautiful  
is se5 ar\nd him1 except+ always sky &  
trees & sea2 ^!1 z he is ma9ly a dwell] 
9 cities1 he _c live en\gh )4 ,b x is1  
p]haps1 9 ! real e/imation 9 :i* art is 
held t we %all f9d ! reason = failure4  
,if ! _w c>$ = h] language1 art c\ld n  
help speak+1 ! utt]ance be+1 p]haps1    
simply beautiful4 ,b ev5 9 ^! days :5 we
 h ceas$ to prize ?is1 if x 7 dem&$ t   
art %\ld take its place beside ! great  
intellectual outfl[ ( ! "t1 ! response  
w\ld h>dly be d\btful4  ,watts4   ,,xli 
,y ref] to ! use & purpose ( ! lib]al   
arts2 n a city 9 ,europe1 at pres5t1 is 

fulfill+ !m4 ,& if any "o 9 ,melb\rne 7 
n[ to produce1 ev5 on a small scale1 a  
picture fulfill+ ! conditions ( lib]al  
art1 !n ,melb\rne might take ! lead (   
civilis$ cities4 ,b x is n ! ambition ( 
lead+1 nor ! re/lessness ( a competitive
 _s t may accompli% ?is4  ,a good poem1 
:e!r pa9t$ or writt51 :e!r l>ge or      
small1 %\ld repres5t beautiful life4    
,are y able to "n any "o :o has conceiv$
 ?is beauty ( ! life ( m58 ,i w n       
complicate ! requirem5ts ( pa9t$ poesy  
by speak+ ( ! music ( col\r ) :i* x %\ld
 be clo!d2 black & :ite 7 en\gh4 ,! v   
attempt to express ! confession ( love 7
 fulfilm5t suffici5t4  ,edw>d ,calv]t4  
,,xlii  ,s art has become fooli%ly      
conf\nd$ ) education1 t all %\ld be     
equally qualifi$4 ,:]eas1 :ile poli%1   
ref9em5t1 culture1 & bre$+ are 9 no way 
argum5ts = arti/ic result1 x is also no 
reproa* to ! mo/ f9i%$ s*ol> or greate/ 
g5tleman 9 ! l& t he be absolutely )\t  
eye = pa9t+ or e> = music--t 9 8 he>t he
 pref] ! popul> pr9t to ! scrat* (      

,rembr&t's ne$le1 or ! songs ( ! hall to
 ,bee?ov5's ,c ,m9or ,symphony4  ,let   
him h b ! wit to say s1 & n let him feel
 ! admission a pro( ( inf]iority4  ,art 
happ5s--no hovel is safe f x1 no pr9ce  
may dep5d on x1 ! va/e/ intellig5ce _c  
br+ x ab\t1 & puny ef=ts to make x      
univ]sal end 9 qua9t com$y & co>se f>ce4
  ,?is is z x %\ld be2 & all attempts to
 make x o!rwise are due to ! eloqu5ce ( 
! ignorant1 ! zeal ( ! conceit$4        
,:i/l]4   ,,xliii  ,art w n gr[ &       
fl\ri%1 nay x w n long exi/1 unless x be
 %>$ by all p2 & = my "p ,i don't wi% t 
x %\ld4  ,william ,morris4   ,,xliv     
,no1 art is n an elem5t ( corruption4 ,!
 man :o dr9ks f a wood5 b[l is ne>] to !
 brute t dr9ks f a /one tr\gh ?an he :o 
qu5*es 8 ?ir/ f a cry/al cup2 & ! arti/ 
:o gave ! glass its %ape1 impress$ z 9 a
 m\ld ( bronze by ! simple means ( a    
second's brea? & yet m *eaply ?an !     
fa%ion+ ( ! wood5 b[l1 has done m to    
ennoble & improve 8 neighb\r ?an any    
inv5tor ( a sy/em3 9 8 "w he gives him !

 use & ! enjoym5t ( ?+s = :i* orators c 
only create a crav+4  ,jules ,klagmann4 
,,xlv  ,! improvis] nev] makes f9e      
poetry4  ,titian4   ,,xlvi  ,aga?>cus   
said to ,zeuxis--,= my "p ,i soon       
despat* my ,pictures4 ,y are a happy    
,man1 replies ,zeuxis2 ,i d m9e ) ,"t & 
application1 because ,i w\ld h !m good1 
& ,i am satisfy$1 t :at is soon done1 w 
soon be =gott54   ,,xlvii  ,art is n a  
pleasure trip4 ,x is a battle1 a mill t 
gr9ds4  ,millet4     ,,/udy ,,& ,,tra9+ 
,,xlviii  ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo owe
 t immortal fame ( !irs1 :i* has gone   
out into ! ends ( ! e>?1 to ! passion ( 
curiosity & delight ) :i* ?is noble     
subject inspir$ !m4  ,no man :o has n   
/udi$ ! sci5ces c make a "w t %all br+  
him great praise1 save f ignorant &     
easily satisfi$ p]sons4  ,jean ,g\jon4  
,,xlix  ,he t w\ld be a pa9t] mu/ h a   
natural turn !reto4  ,love & delight    
!re9 are bett] tea*]s ( ! ,art ( ,pa9t+ 
?an compulsion is4  ,if a man is to     
become a really good pa9t] he mu/ be    

educat$ !reto f 8 v e>lie/ ye>s4 ,he mu/
 copy mu* ( ! "w ( good arti/s until he 
atta9 a free h&4  ,to pa9t is to be able
 to portray ^u a flat surface any       
visible ?+ :atsoev] t may be *os54  ,x  
is well = any "o fir/ to le>n h[ to     
divide & r$uce to measure ! human       
figure1 be=e le>n+ any?+ else4  ,du]]4  
,l  ,! pa9t] requires su* k ( ma!matics 
z belongs to pa9t+1 & sev]ance f        
companions :o are n 9 sympa?y ) 8       
/udies1 & 8 bra9 %\ld h ! p[] ( adapt+  
itself to ! t5or ( ! objects :i* pres5t 
!mselves be=e x1 & he %\ld be fre$ f all
 o!r c>es4 ,& if1 :ile consid]+ & exam9+
 "o subject1 a second %\ld int]v5e1 z   
happ5s :5 an object occupies ! m9d1 he  
ought to decide :i* ( ^! subjects       
pres5ts great] difficulties 9           
inve/igation1 & foll[ t until x becomes 
entirely cle>1 & aft]w>ds pursue !      
inve/igation ( ! o!r4 ,& above all he   
%\ld keep 8 m9d z cle> z ! surface ( a  
mirror1 :i* becomes *ang$ to z _m       
diff]5t col\rs z are ^? ( ! objects )9  

x1 & 8 companions %\ld resemble him 9 a 
ta/e = ^! /udies2 & if he fail to f9d   
any su*1 he %\ld accu/om himself to be  
alone 9 8 inve/igations1 = 9 ! end he w 
f9d no m pr(itable companion%ip4        
,leon>do4   ,,li  ,if y are fond ( copy+
 o!r ,m5's ,"w1 z be+ ,orig9als m       
con/ant to be se5 & imitat$ ?an any liv+
 ,object1 ,i %\ld r advise to copy any?+
 mod]ately c>v$ ?an excell5tly pa9t$3 ,=
 by imitat+ a ,picture1 we only         
habituate our ,h& to take a m]e         
,resemblance2 :]eas by draw+ f a c>v$   
,orig9al1 we le>n n only to take ?is    
,resemblance1 b also ! true ,lights4    
,leon ,batti/a ,alb]ti4   ,,lii  ,!re   
are a ?\s& pro(s t ! old ma/]s & all    
good pa9t]s f ,raphael onw>ds execut$ _!
 frescoes f c>toons & _! little easel   
pictures f m or less f9i%$ draw+s4444   
,y\r model gives y exactly :at y want to
 pa9t nei!r 9 "* ( draw+ nor 9 col\r1 b 
at ! same "t y _c d )\t him4  ,to pa9t  
,a*illes ! mo/ goodly ( m51 ?\gh y _h = 
y\r model ! mo/ abject y mu/ dep5d on   

him1 & c dep5d on him = ! /ructure ( !  
human body1 = its movem5t & poise4 ,!   
pro( ( ?is is t ,raphael us$ 8 pupils 9 
8 /udies = ! movem5ts ( ! figures 9 8   
div9e pictures4  ,:atev] y\r tal5ts may 
be1 if y pa9t n f y\r /udies aft]       
nature1 b directly f ! model1 y w always
 be a slave & y\r pictures w %[ x4      
,raphael1 on ! contr>y1 _h s completely 
ma/]$ nature & _h 8 m9d s full ( h]1 t  
in/ead ( be+ rul$ by h]1 "o might say t 
%e obey$ him & came at 8 comm& to place 
h]self 9 8 pictures4  ,+res4   ,,liii   
,no "o c ev] design till he has le>n$ ! 
language ( ,art by mak+ _m f9i%$ copies 
bo? ( ,nature1 ,art1 & ( :atev] comes 9 
8 way1 f e>lie/ *ildhood4 ,! diff]5ce   
betwe5 a bad arti/ & a good is1 t ! bad 
arti/ seems to copy a great deal1 ! good
 "o does copy a great deal4  ,blake4    
,,liv  ,if y deprive an arti/ ( all he  
has borr[$ f ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs !        
orig9ality left w be b a tw5tie? "p (   
him4  ,orig9ality by itself _c con/itute
 a rem>kable tal5t4  ,wi]tz4   ,,lv  ,i 

am conv9c$ t to rea* ! highe/ degree (  
p]fection z a pa9t]1 x is necess>y1 n   
only to be acqua9t$ ) ! anci5t /atues1 b
 we mu/ be inw>dly imbu$ ) a ?or\gh     
compreh5sion ( !m4  ,rub5s4   ,,lvi     
,fir/ ( all copy draw+s by a good ma/]  
made by 8 art f nature & n z ex]cises2  
!n f a relief1 keep+ by y a draw+ done f
 ! same relief2 !n f a good model1 & (  
?is y ought to make a practice4         
,leon>do4   ,,lvii  ,i wi% to d some?+  
purely ,greek2 ,i fe$ my eyes on !      
antique /atues1 ,i mean ev5 to imitate  
"s ( !m4 ,! ,greeks nev] scrupl$ to     
reproduce a composition1 a movem5t1 a   
type already receiv$ & us$4 ,!y put all 
_! c>e1 all _! art1 into p]fect+ an idea
 :i* _h be5 us$ by o!rs be=e !m4 ,!y    
?\ght1 & ?\ght rightly1 t 9 ! arts !    
mann] ( r5d]+ & express+ an idea matt]s 
m ?an ! idea itself4  ,illu/ration3     
,rub5s ,,! ,,ca/le ,,9 ,,! ,,p>k        
,hanf/a5gl  ,to give a clo?+1 a p]fect  
=m to "o's ?\ght is to be an arti/ 444 x
 is ! only way4  ,well1 ,i h done my be/

 & ,i hope to atta9 my object4  ,l4     
,david4   ,,lviii  ,:o among/ u1 if he 7
 to attempt 9 reality to repres5t a     
celebrat$ "w ( ,apelles or ,timan?us1   
su* z ,pl9y describes !m1 b w\ld produce
 some?+ absurd1 or p]fectly =eign to !  
exalt$ greatness ( ! anci5ts8 ,ea* "o1  
rely+ on 8 own p[]s1 w\ld produce "s    
wret*$1 crude1 unf]m5t$ /uff1 in/ead (  
an exquisite old w9e1 unit+ /r5g? &     
mell[ness1 outrag+ ^? great spirits :om 
,i endeav\r rev]5tly to foll[1 satisfi$1
 h[ev]1 to hon\r ! m>ks ( _! foot/eps1  
in/ead ( suppos+--,i ackn[l$ge x        
c&idly--t ,i c ev] atta9 to _! em95ce   
ev5 9 m]e conception4  ,rub5s4   ,,lix  
,y h /at$ t y ?\ght ^! ,m>bles _h great 
tru? & imitation ( nature2 d y consid] t
 t adds to _! value8  ,x consid]ably    
adds to x1 because ,i consid] !m z unit$
 ) gr& =m4 ,!re is 9 !m t v>iety t is   
produc$ 9 ! human =m1 by ! alt]nate     
action & repose ( ! muscles1 t /rike "o 
p>ticul>ly4 ,i h myself a v good        
collection ( ! be/ ca/s f ! antique     

/atues1 & 0 /ruck ) t diff]5ce 9 !m1 9  
return+ f ! ,elg9 ,m>bles to my own     
h\se4  ,lawr5ce4   ,,lx  ,x is          
absolutely necess>y t at "s mom5t or o!r
 9 "o's c>e] "o %\ld rea* ! po9t1 n (   
despis+ all t is outside oneself1 b (   
ab&on+ = ev] t almo/ bl9d fanaticism :i*
 impels u all to imitate ! great ma/]s1 
& to swe> only by _! works4 ,x is       
necess>y to say to oneself1 ,t is good =
 ,rub5s1 ?is = ,raphael1 ,titian1 or    
,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,:at !y h done is _!   
own bus9ess2 ,i am n b\nd to ?is ma/] or
 to t4 ,x is necess>y to le>n to make   
:at "o has f\nd "o's own3 a p9* (       
p]sonal inspiration is wor? ev]y?+ else4
  ,delacroix4   ,,lxi  ,f ,phidias to   
,clodion1 f ,correggio to ,fragon>d1 f !
 greate/ to ! lea/ ( ^? :o h des]v$ ! "n
 ( ma/]1 ,art has be5 pursu+ ! ,*ima]a1 
attempt+ to reconcile two opposites--!  
mo/ slavi% fidelity to nature & ! mo/   
absolute indep5d5ce ( h]1 an indep5d5ce 
s absolute t ! "w ( art may claim to be 
a creation4 ,?is is ! p]si/5t problem   

(f]$ by ! un/able "* ( ! po9t ( view at 
:i* x is approa*$2 ! :ole my/]y ( art4  
,! subject1 z pres5t$ 9 nature1 _c keep 
! place :i* art ) its trans=m+ in/9ct   
w\ld assign x2 & !re=e a s+le =mula c   
nev] be adequate to ! totality (        
nature's manife/ations2 ! draughtsman w 
talk ( its =m1 a col\ri/ ( its effect4  
,consid]$ 9 ?is light1 nature is no?+ m 
?an "o ( ! in/rum5ts ( ! arts1 9 ! same 
category ) _! pr9ciples1 elem5ts1       
=mulas1 conv5tions1 tools4              
,bracquemond4   ,,lxii  ,"o mu/ copy    
nature always1 & le>n h[ to see h]      
rightly4 ,x is = ?is t "o %\ld /udy !   
antique & ! great ma/]s1 n 9 ord] to    
imitate !m1 b1 ,i repeat1 to le>n to    
see4  ,d y ?9k ,i s5d y to ! ,l\vre to  
f9d !re :at p call le beau ideal1 some?+
 :i* is outside nature8  ,x 0 /upidity l
 ?is :i* 9 bad p]iods l$ to ! decad5ce (
 art4 ,i s5d y !re to le>n f ! antique  
h[ to see nature1 because !y !mselves   
are nature3 !re=e "o mu/ live among !m1 
& absorb !m4  ,x is ! same 9 ! pa9t+ ( !

 great ages4 ,d y ?9k1 :5 ,i tell y to  
copy1 t ,i want to make copyi/s ( y8    
,no1 ,i want y to take ! sap f ! plant4 
,+res4   ,,lxiii  ,! /rict copy+ (      
nature is n art2 x is only a means to an
 end1 an elem5t 9 ! :ole4 ,art1 :ile    
pres5t+ nature1 mu/ manife/ itself 9 its
 own ess5ce4 ,x is n a mirror1          
uncritically reflect+ e image2 x is !   
arti/ :o mu/ m\ld ! image to 8 w2 else 8
 "w is n p]=m$4  ,bracquemond4   ,,lxiv 
,nature conta9s ! elem5ts1 9 col\r & =m1
 ( all pictures1 z ! keybo>d conta9s !  
notes ( all music4 ,b ! arti/ is born to
 pick1 & *oose1 & gr\p ) sci5ce1 ^!     
elem5ts1 t ! result may be beautiful2 z 
! musician ga!rs 8 notes1 & =ms 8 *ords1
 until he br+ =? f *aos glori\s h>mony4 
,to say to ! pa9t] t ,nature is to be   
tak5 z %e is1 is to say to ! play] t he 
may sit on ! piano4  ,:i/l]4   ,,lxv    
,:5 y h ?or\ghly le>nt p]spective1 & h  
fix$ 9 y\r memory all ! v>i\s p>ts & =ms
 ( ?+s1 y %\ld (t5 amuse y\rself :5 y   
take a walk = recreation1 9 wat*+ & tak+

 note ( ! attitudes & actions ( m5 z !y 
talk & dispute1 or laugh or come to bl[s
 "o ) ano!r1 bo? _! actions & ^? ( !    
by/&]s :o ei!r int]v5e or /& look+ on at
 ^! ?+s2 not+ ^! d[n ) rapid /rokes 9   
?is way1 9 a little pocket-book1 :i* y  
ought always to c>ry ) y4 ,& let ?is be 
( t9t$ pap]1 s t x may n be rubb$ out2 b
 y %\ld *ange ! old = a new "o1 = ^! are
 n ?+s to be rubb$ out b pres]v$ ) !    
utmo/ dilig5ce2 = !re is su* an inf9ite 
numb] ( =ms & actions ( ?+s t ! memory  
is incapable ( pres]v+ !m1 & !re=e y    
%\ld keep ^? 7sket*es7 z y\r patt]ns &  
tea*]s4  ,leon>do4   ,,lxvi  ,two m5 /op
 to talk toge!r3 ,i p5cil !m 9 detail1  
beg9n+ at ! head1 = example2 !y sep>ate 
& ,i h no?+ b a fragm5t on my pap]4 ,"s 
*ildr5 are sitt+ on ! /eps ( a *ur*2 ,i 
beg91 _! "m calls !m2 my sket*-book     
becomes fill$ ) tips ( noses & locks (  
hair4 ,i make a resolution n to g home  
)\t a :ole figure1 & ,i try = ! fir/ "t 
to draw 9 mass1 to draw rapidly1 :i* is 
! only possible way ( draw+1 & :i* is   

to-day "o ( ! *ief faculties ( our      
mod]ns4 ,i put myself to draw 9 ! w9k+ (
 an eye ! fir/ gr\p t pres5ts itself2 if
 x moves on ,i h at lea/ put d[n ! g5]al
 "*2 if x /ops1 ,i c g on to ! details4 
,i d _m su* ex]cises1 & h ev5 gone s f> 
z to cov] ! l9+ ( my hat ) lightn+      
sket*es ( op]a-ballets & op]a sc5]y4    
,corot4   ,,lxvii  ,!re is my model 7!  
arti/ po9t$ to ! cr[d :i* ?rong$ a      
m>ket-place72 art lives by /udy+ nature1
 n by imitat+ any arti/4  ,eupompus4    
,,lxviii  ,:5 y h cle>ly & di/9ctly     
le>n$ 9 :at good col\r+ consi/s1 y _c d 
bett] ?an h rec\rse to nature h]self1 :o
 is always at h&1 & 9 comp>ison ( ^:    
true spl5d\r ! be/ col\r$ pictures are b
 fa9t & feeble4  ,h[ev]1 z ! practice ( 
copy+ is n entirely to be exclud$1 s9ce 
! me*anical practice ( pa9t+ is le>n$ 9 
"s measure by x1 let ^? *oice p>ts only 
be select$ :i* h recomm5d$ ! "w to      
notice4 ,if its excell5ce consi/s 9 its 
g5]al effect1 x w\ld be prop] to make   
slight sket*es ( ! ma*9]y & g5]al       

managem5t ( ! picture4 ,^? sket*es %\ld 
be kept always by y = ! regulation ( y\r
 /yle4 ,in/ead ( copy+ ! t\*es ( ^?     
great ma/]s1 copy only _! conceptions4  
,in/ead ( tread+ 9 _! foot/eps1 endeav\r
 only to keep ! same road4 ,lab\r to    
inv5t on _! g5]al pr9ciples & way (     
?9k+4 ,possess y\rself ) _! _s4 ,consid]
 ) y\rself h[ a ,mi*ael ,angelo or a    
,raffaelle w\ld h treat$ ?is subject2 & 
"w y\rself into a belief t y\r picture  
is to be se5 & criticis$ by !m :5       
complet$4 ,ev5 an attempt ( ?is k9d w   
r\se y\r p[]s4  ,reynolds4   ,,lxix     
,:at d y mean--t y h be5 work+1 b )\t   
success8 ,d y mean t y _c get ! price y 
ask8 !n sell x = less1 till1 by         
practice1 y %all improve1 & comm& a     
bett] price4 ,or d y only mean t y are n
 satisfi$ ) y\r "w8 nobody ev] 0 t ,i   
"k1 except ,j---- ,w----4 ,peg away6    
,:ile y're at "w y mu/ be improv+4 ,d   
some?+ f ,nature indoors :5 y _c get    
out1 to keep y\r h& & eye 9 practice4   
,don't get into ! way ( work+ too mu* at

 y\r draw+s away f ,nature4  ,*>les     
,ke5e4   ,,lxx  ,! purpose ( art is no  
o!r ?an to del9eate ! =m & express ! _s 
( an object1 animate or inanimate1 z !  
case may be4 ,! use ( art is to produce 
copies ( ?+s2 & if an arti/ has a ?or\gh
 k ( ! prop]ties ( ! ?+ he pa9ts he c   
assur$ly make a "n4 ,j z a writ] (      
pr(\nd erudition & good memory has ev]  
at 8 comm& an inexhau/ible supply (     
words & phrases :i* he freely makes use 
( 9 writ+1 s c a pa9t]1 :o has          
accumulat$ exp]i5ce by draw+ f nature1  
pa9t any object )\t a consci\s ef=t4 ,! 
arti/ :o conf9es himself to copy+ f     
models pa9t$ by 8 ma/]1 f>es no bett]   
?an a lit]atus :o _c rise above         
transcrib+ o!rs' compositions4 ,an      
anci5t critic says t writ+ ends 9       
describ+ a ?+ or n>rat+ an ev5t1 b pa9t+
 c repres5t ! actual =ms ( ?+s4 ,)\t !  
true depiction ( objects1 !re c be no   
pictorial art4 ,nobility ( s5tim5t &    
su*-l only come aft] a successful       
del9eation ( ! ext]nal =m ( an object4  

,! beg9n] 9 art %\ld direct 8 ef=ts m to
 ! latt] ?an to ! =m]4 ,he %\ld le>n to 
pa9t accord+ to 8 own ideas1 n to       
slavi%ly copy ! models ( old arti/s4    
,plagi>ism is a crime to be avoid$ n    
only by m5 ( lett]s b also by pa9t]s4   
,okio 7,japanese1 eighte5? c5tury74     
,,lxxi  ,i rememb] ,du]] ! pa9t]1 :o us$
 to say t1 z a "y man1 he lov$          
extraord9>y & unusual designs 9 pa9t+1 b
 t 9 8 old age he took to exam9+        
,nature1 & /rove to imitate h] z closely
 z he possibly c\ld2 b he f\nd by       
exp]i5ce h[ h>d x is n to deviate f h]4 
,du]] 7quot$ by ,melanc?on74   ,,lxxii  
,i h he>d pa9t]s ackn[l$ge1 ?\gh 9 t    
ackn[l$gm5t no degradation ( !mselves 0 
int5d$1 t !y c\ld d bett] )\t ,nature   
?an ) h]2 or1 z !y express$ x !mselves1 
t x only put !m out4 ,a pa9t] ) su*     
ideas & su* habits1 is inde$ 9 a mo/    
hopeless /ate4 ,! art ( see+ ,nature1   
or1 9 o!r words1 ! art ( us+ models1 is 
9 reality ! great object1 ! po9t to :i* 
all our /udies are direct$4 ,z = ! p[] (

 be+ able to d tol]ably well1 f practice
 alone1 let x be valu$ accord+ to its   
wor?4 ,b ,i d n see 9 :at mann] x c be  
suffici5t = ! production ( correct1     
excell5t1 & f9i%$ pictures4 ,works      
des]v+ ?is "* nev] 7 produc$1 nor ev] w 
arise1 f memory alone2 & ,i w v5ture to 
say1 t an arti/ :o br+s to 8 "w a m9d   
tol]ably furni%$ ) ! g5]al pr9ciples (  
art1 & a ta/e =m$ ^u ! works ( good     
arti/s1 9 %ort1 :o kn[s 9 :at excell5ce 
consi/s1 w1 ) ! assi/ance ( models1 :i* 
we w likewise suppose he has le>nt ! art
 ( us+1 be an ov]-mat* = ! greate/ pa9t]
 t ev] liv$ :o %\ld be deb>r$ su*       
advantages4  ,reynolds4   ,,lxxiii  ,d n
 imitate2 d n foll[ o!rs--y w always be 
beh9d !m4  ,corot4   ,,lxxiv  ,nev] pa9t
 a subject unless x calls insi/5tly &   
di/9ctly ^u y\r eye & he>t4  ,corot4    
,,lxxv  ,i %\ld nev] pa9t any?+ t 0 n ! 
result ( an impression receiv$ f !      
aspect ( nature1 :e!r 9 l&scape or      
figures4  ,millet4   ,,lxxvi  ,y mu/    
int]pret nature ) entire simplicity &   

accord+ to y\r p]sonal s5tim5t1 altoge!r
 deta*+ y\rself f :at y "k ( ! old ma/]s
 or ( contempor>ies4 ,only 9 ?is way w y
 d "w ( real feel+4 ,i "k gift$ p :o w n
 avail !mselves ( _! p[]4 ,su* p seem to
 me l a billi>d-play] ^: adv]s>y is     
con/antly giv+ him good op5+s1 b :o     
makes no use ( !m4 ,i ?9k t if ,i 7     
play+ ) t man1 ,i w\ld say1 ,v well1 !n1
 ,i w give y no m4 ,if ,i 7 to sit 9    
judgm5t1 ,i w\ld puni% ! mis]able       
creatures :o squ&] _! natural gifts1 &  
,i w\ld turn _! he>ts to "w4  ,corot4   
,,lxxvii  ,s5sation is rude & false     
unless in=m$ by intellection2 &1 h[ev]  
delicate be ! t\* 9 ob$i5ce to remote   
gradation1 yet k ( ! g5us necess>ily    
inve/s ! repres5tation ) p]spicu\s &    
tru?ful relations t ignorance c\ld n    
possibly h obs]v$4 ,h5ce--,pa9t :at y   
see2 b "k :at y see4  ,only pa9t :at y  
love 9 :at y see1 & discipl9e y\rself to
 sep>ate ?is ess5ce f its dumb          
accompanim5ts1 s t ! acc5ts fall ^u !   
po9ts ( passion4 ,let t :i* mu/ be      

express$ ( ! re/ be m]g$1 syncopat$ 9 ! 
l>g5ess ( ! modulation4  ,boldly d>e to 
omit ! imp]t95t or irrelevant1 & let !  
features ( ! passion be modulat$ 9      
fewness4  ,n a t\* )\t its mean+ or its 
significance ?r\gh\t ! c\rses4 ,!re is  
no disgrace1 b on ! contr>y1 hon\r1 be !
 t\*es nev] s few1 if /udi$4 ,by det]m9$
 refusal to t\* vaguely1 & ) p]si/5ce 9 
! sl[ness ( ?\ghtful "w1 a noble /yle   
may be at l5g? obta9$3 swift z sublime4 
,edw>d ,calv]t4   ,,lxxviii  ,i />t$ on 
,monday1 #be? ,augu/1 = ,honfleur1 :]e  
,i /ay$ till #e? ,septemb] 9 ! mo/      
bless$ condition ( _s4  ,!re ,i work$ ) 
my head1 ) my eyes1 h>ve/+ effects 9 !  
m9d2 !n1 go+ ov] ev]y?+ aga91 ,i call$  
up )9 myself ! figures desir$ = !       
completion ( ! composition4 ,once ,i _h 
evok$ all ?is _w f no?+ness1 & envisag$ 
x1 & _h f\nd :]e ea* ?+ 0 to be1 ,i _h  
to return to ,p>is to ask = nature's    
au?orisation & make sure ( my advance4  
,nature ju/ifi$ me1 &1 z %e is k9d to ^?
 :o approa* h] rev]5tially1 gave me ( h]

 grace )\t /9t4  ,puvis de ,*avannes4   
,,lxxix  ,i wi% to tell y1 ,francisco   
d',oll&a1 ( an exce$+ly great beauty 9  
?is sci5ce ( ours1 ( :i* p]haps y are   
aw>e1 & :i*1 ,i ?9k1 y consid] ! highe/1
 namely1 t :at "o has mo/ to "w &       
/ruggle = 9 pa9t+1 is to d ! "w ) a     
great am\nt ( lab\r & /udy 9 su* a way t
 x may aft]w>ds appe>1 h[ev] mu* x 0    
lab\r$1 to h be5 done almo/ quickly &   
almo/ )\t any lab\r1 & v easily1 al?\gh 
x 0 n4 ,& ?is is a v excell5t beauty4   
,at times "s ?+s are done ) little "w 9 
! way ,i h said1 b v seldom2 mo/ are    
done by d9t ( h>d "w & appe> to h be5   
done v quickly4  ,mi*ael ,angelo4       
,,me?ods ,,( ,,"w   ,,lxxx  ,e          
successful "w is rapidly p]=m$2         
quickness is only execrable :5 x is     
empty--small4 ,no "o condemns !         
swiftness ( an eagle4  ,to him :o kn[s n
 ! burd5 ( process--! attributes t are  
to claim att5tion ) e epo*a ( !         
p]=mance--all attempt at swiftness w be 
m]e pret5ce4  ,edw>d ,calv]t4   ,,lxxxi 

,i am plann+ a l>ge picture1 & ,i reg>d 
all y say1 b ,i d n ent] into t notion (
 v>y+ "o's plans to keep ! public 9 good
 hum\r4 ,*ange ( wea!r & effect w always
 af=d v>iety4 ,:at if ,van d] ,velde _h 
quitt$ 8 sea-pieces1 or ,ruysdael 8     
wat]falls1 or ,hobbema 8 native woods8  
,! _w w\ld h lo/ s _m features 9 art4 ,i
 "k t y wi% = no mat]ial alt]ation1 b ,i
 h to combat f high qu>t]s--ev5 f       
,lawr5ce--! plausible argum5t t subject 
makes ! picture4 ,p]haps y ?9k an ev5+  
effect might d2 p]haps x might />t me "s
 new admir]s1 b ,i %\ld lose _m old     
ones4 ,i imag9e myself driv+ a nail2 ,i 
h driv5 x "s way1 & by p]sev]+ ,i may   
drive x home2 by quitt+ x to attack     
o!rs1 ?\gh ,i may amuse myself1 ,i d n  
advance beyond ! fir/1 :ile t p>ticul>  
nail /&s /ill4 ,no man :o c d any "o ?+ 
well w be able to d any o!r diff]5t ?+  
equally well2 & ?is is true (           
,%akespe>e1 ! greate/ ma/] ( v>iety4    
,con/able4   ,,lxxxii  ,to "w on !      
,ladye4 ,f\nd "p ( ! drap]y bad1 rubb$ x

 out1 height5$ ! seat %e sits on1 m5d$ !
 heads aga92 did a great deal1 b n f9i%$
 yet4 ,any "o might be surpris$ to read 
h[ ,i "w :ole days on an old draw+ done 
_m ye>s s9ce1 & :i* ,i h twice work$ ov]
 s9ce x 0 reject$ f ! ,royal ,academy 9 
'#dg1 & n[ "u promise ( sale to ,:ite = 
,l#bj4 ,b ,i _c help x4 ,:5 ,i see a "w 
go+ out ( my h&s1 x is b natural1 if ,i 
see "s little defect1 t ,i %\ld try to  
m5d x1 & :at foll[s is out ( my p[] to  
direct3 if ,i give "o t\* to a head1 ,i 
give myself ?ree days' "w1 & spoil x    
half-a-doz5 times ov]4  ,=d ,madox      
,br[n4   ,,lxxxiii  ,9 lit]ature z 9 art
 ! r\gh sket*es ( ! ma/]s are made =    
connoisseurs1 n = ! vulg> cr[d4  ,a4    
,preault4   ,,lxxxiv  ,x is true        
sket*es1 or su* draw+s z pa9t]s g5]ally 
make = _! works1 give ?is pleasure (    
imag9ation to a high degree4 ,f a       
slight1 undet]m9$ draw+1 :]e ! ideas ( !
 composition & "* are1 z ,i may say1    
only j t\*$ ^u1 ! imag9ation supplies m 
?an ! pa9t] himself1 probably1 c\ld     

produce2 & we accord+ly (t5 f9d t !     
f9i%$ "w disappo9ts ! expectation t 0   
rais$ f ! sket*2 & ?is p[] ( !          
imag9ation is "o ( ! causes ( ! great   
pleasure we h 9 view+ a collection (    
draw+s by great pa9t]s4  ,reynolds4     
,,lxxxv  ,i h j be5 exam9+ all ! sket*es
 ,i h us$ 9 mak+ ?is "w4 ,h[ _m !re are 
:i* fully satisfi$ me at ! beg9n+1 & :i*
 seem feeble1 inadequate1 or            
ill-compos$1 n[ t ! pa9t+s are advanc$4 
,i _c tell myself (t5 en\gh t x means an
 imm5se deal ( lab\r to br+ a "w to !   
highe/ pit* ( impressiv5ess ( :i* x is  
capable4 ,! (t5] ,i revise x1 ! m x w   
ga9 9 expressiv5ess4444 ,?\gh ! t\*     
disappe>1 ?\gh ! fire ( execution be no 
long] ! *ief m]it ( ! pa9t+1 !re is no  
d\bt ab\t ?is2 & aga9 h[ (t5 does x     
happ5 t aft] ?is int5se lab\r1 :i* has  
turn$ "o's ?\ght back on itself 9 e     
direction1 ! h& obeys m swiftly & surely
 9 giv+ ! desir$ lightness to ! la/     
t\*es4  ,delacroix4   ,,lxxxvi  ,let u  
agree z to ! mean+ ( ! ^w f9i%$4 ,:at   

f9i%es a picture is n ! quantity (      
detail 9 x1 b ! rightness ( ! g5]al     
effect4 ,a picture is n limit$ only by  
its frame4 ,:atev] be ! subject1 !re mu/
 be a pr9cipal object on :i* y\r eyes   
re/ cont9ually3 ! o!r objects are only !
 complem5t ( ?is1 !y are less int]e/+ to
 y2 & aft] t !re is no?+ m = y\r eye4   
,!re is ! real limit ( y\r picture4 ,?is
 pr9cipal object mu/ seem s to !        
spectator ( y\r "w4 ,!re=e1 "o mu/      
always return to ?is1 & /ate its col\r )
 m & m decision4  ,r\sseau4   ,,lxxxvii 
,,on ,,protog5es  ,he 0 a great ,ma/]1 b
 he (t5 spoil'd 8 ,pieces by endeav\r+  
to make !m ,p]fect2 he did n "k :5 he _h
 done well2 a ,man may d too mu* z well 
z too little2 & he is truly skilful1 :o 
knew :at 0 suffici5t4  ,apelles4        
,,f9i%   ,,lxxxviii  ,a picture mu/     
always be a little spoilt 9 ! f9i%+ ( x4
 ,! la/ t\*es1 :i* are int5d$ to draw ! 
picture toge!r1 take (f f its fre%ness4 
,to appe> be=e ! public "o mu/ cut out  
all ^? happy accid5ts :i* are ! joy ( ! 

arti/4 ,i comp>e ^! murd]\s ret\*+s to  
^? banal fl\ri%es ) :i* all airs ( music
 end1 & to ^? insignificant spaces :i* !
 musician is =c$ to put betwe5 ! int]e/+
 p>ts ( 8 "w 9 ord] to lead on f "o     
motive to ano!r or to give !m _! prop]  
value4  ,re-t\*+1 h[ev]1 is n s fatal to
 a picture z "o might ?9k1 :5 ! picture 
has be5 well ?\ght out & work$ at ) deep
 feel+4 ,"t1 9 effac+ ! t\*es1 old z    
well z new1 gives back to ! "w its      
complete effect4  ,delacroix4   ,,lxxxix
  ,a picture1 ! effect ( :i* is true1 is
 f9i%$4  ,goya4   ,,xc  ,y please me    
mu*1 by say+ t no o!r fault is f\nd 9   
y\r picture ?an ! r\ghness ( ! surface2 
= t "p be+ ( use 9 giv+ =ce to ! effect 
at a prop] di/ance1 & :at a judge (     
pa9t+ kn[s an orig9al f a copy by--9    
%ort1 be+ ! t\* ( ! p5cil :i* is h>d] to
 pres]ve ?an smoo?ness1 ,i am mu* bett] 
pleas$ t !y %\ld spy out ?+s ( t k9d1   
?an to see an eye half an in* out ( its 
place1 or a nose out ( draw+ :5 view$ at
 a prop] di/ance4 ,i don't ?9k x w\ld be

 m ridicul\s = a p]son to put 8 nose    
close to ! canvas & say ! col\rs smelt  
(f5sive1 ?an to say h[ r\gh ! pa9t lies2
 = "o is j z mat]ial z ! o!r ) reg>d to 
hurt+ ! effect & draw+ ( a picture4     
,ga9sbor\gh4   ,,xci  ,! picture#b w be 
se5 to ! greate/ advantage if x is hung 
9 a /rong light1 & 9 su* a mann] t !    
spectator c /& at "s di/ance f x4       
,rembr&t4  ,footnote #b3 ,probably !    
,bl9d+ ( ,samson4   ,,xcii  ,don't look 
at a picture close1 x smells bad4       
,rembr&t4   ,,xciii  ,try to be frank 9 
draw+ & 9 col\r2 give ?+s _! full       
relief2 make a pa9t+ :i* c be se5 at a  
di/ance2 ?is is indisp5sable4           
,*ass]iau4   ,,xciv  ,if ,i might po9t  
out to y ano!r defect1 v preval5t (     
late1 9 our pictures1 & "o ( ! same     
contract$ "* ) ^? y s happily illu/rate1
 x w\ld be t ( ! want ( bread?1 & 9 o!rs
 a p]petual division & subdivision (    
p>ts1 to give :at _! p]petrators call   
space2 add to ?is a con/ant di/urb+ &   
tortur+ ( ev]y?+ :e!r 9 light or 9 %ad[1

 by a niggl+ t\*1 to produce fulness (  
subject4 ,?is is ! v rev]se ( :at we see
 9 ,cuyp or ,wilson1 & ev51 ) all 8 high
 f9i%+1 9 ,claude4 ,i h be5 w>n+ our    
fri5d ,coll9s aga9/ ?is1 & 0 also urg+  
"y ,l&se] to bew>e ( x2 & 9 :at ,i h be5
 do+ lately myself h be5 /udy+ mu* f    
,rembr&t & f ,cuyp1 s z to acquire :at !
 great ma/]s succe$$ s well 91 namely1 t
 p[] by :i* ! *ief objects1 & ev5 !     
m9ute f9i%+ ( p>ts1 tell ov] ev]y?+ t is
 meant to be subord9ate 9 _! pictures4  
,sir ,jo%ua _h ?is rem>kably1 & c\ld ev5
 make ! features ( ! face tell ov]      
ev]y?+1 h[ev] /rongly pa9t$4 ,i f9d t   
repose & bread? 9 ! %ad[s & half-t9ts d 
a great deal t[>ds x4 ,z(fany's figures 
d]ive great consequ5ce f ?is2 & ,i f9d t
 ^? :o h /udi$ light & %ad[ ! mo/ nev]  
appe> to fail 9 x4  ,wilkie4   ,,xcv  ,!
 commone/ error into :i* a critic c fall
 is ! rem>k we s (t5 he> t su*-&-su* an 
arti/'s "w is c>eless1 & w\ld be bett]  
_h m lab\r be5 sp5t ^u x4 ,z (t5 z n ?is
 is :olly untrue4 ,z soon z ! spectator 

c see t m lab\r has be5 sp5t ^u x1 he   
may be sure t ! picture is to t ext5t   
incomplete & unf9i%$1 :ile ! look (     
fre%ness t is insep>able f a really     
successful picture w\ld ( necessity be  
abs5t4 ,if ! high f9i% ( a picture is s 
app>5t z imm$iately to =ce itself ^u !  
spectator1 he may "k t x is n z x %\ld  
be2 & f ! mom5t t ! arti/ feels 8 "w is 
becom+ a lab\r1 he may dep5d ^u x x w be
 )\t fre%ness1 & to t ext5t )\t ! m]it (
 a true "w ( art4 ,"w %\ld always look z
 ?\gh x _h be5 done ) ease1 h[ev]       
elaborate2 :at we see %\ld appe> to h   
be5 done )\t ef=t1 :atev] may be !      
agonies b5ea? ! surface4 ,m4 ,meissoni] 
surpasses all 8 pr$ecessors1 z well z   
all 8 contempor>ies1 9 ! quality ( high 
f9i%1 b :at y see is evid5tly done      
easily & )\t lab\r4 ,i rememb] ,?ack]ay 
say+ to me1 conc]n+ a c]ta9 *apt] 9 "o (
 8 books t ! critics agre$ 9 accus+ (   
c>elessness2 ,c>eless8 ,if ,i've writt5 
t *apt] once ,i've writt5 x a doz5      
times--& ea* "t worse ?an ! la/6 a pro( 

t lab\r did n assi/ 9 8 case4 ,:5 an    
arti/ fails x is n s mu* f c>elessness3 
to d 8 be/ is n only pr(itable to him1 b
 a joy4 ,b x is n giv5 to e man--n1     
inde$1 to any--to succe$ :5ev] & h[ev]  
he tries4 ,! be/ pa9t] t ev] liv$ nev]  
entirely succe$$ m ?an f\r or five      
times2 t is to say1 no arti/ ev] pa9t$ m
 ?an f\r or five ma/]pieces1 h[ev] high 
8 g5]al av]age may h be51 = su* success 
dep5ds on ! co9cid5ce1 n only ( g5ius & 
inspiration1 b ( heal? & mood & a hundr$
 o!r my/]i\s cont+5cies4 ,= my own "p1  
,i h (t5 be5 lab\r$1 b :atev] ,i am ,i  
am nev] c>eless4 ,i may hone/ly say t ,i
 nev] consci\sly plac$ an idle t\* ^u   
canvas1 & t ,i h always be5 e>ne/ &     
h>d-work+2 yet ! wor/ pictures ,i ev]   
pa9t$ 9 my life are ^? into :i* ,i ?rew 
mo/ tr\ble & lab\r1 & ,i confess ,i %\ld
 n grieve 7 half my works to g to !     
bottom ( ! ,atlantic--if ,i might *oose 
! half to g4 ,sometimes z ,i pa9t ,i may
 f9d my "w becom+ labori\s2 b z soon z  
,i detect any evid5ce ( t lab\r ,i pa9t 

! :ole ?+ out )\t m ado4  ,millais4     
,illu/ration3 ,millais ,,love ,by       
p]mission ( ,f4 ,w>ne  ,co4   ,,xcvi  ,i
 ?9k t a "w ( art %\ld n only be c>eful 
& s9c]e1 b t ! c>e & s9c]ity %\ld also  
be evid5t4 ,no ugly sme>s %\ld be all[$ 
to d duty = ! swiftness :i* comes f long
 practice1 or to f9d excuse 9 !         
necessity :i* ! accompli%$ arti/ feels  
to speak di/9ctly4 ,t necessity mu/ nev]
 receive impulse f a desire to produce  
an effect on ! walls ( a gall]y3 !re is 
mu* dang] ( ?is work+ unconsci\sly 9 !  
accompli%$ arti/1 consci\sly 9 ! /ud5t4 
,watts4   ,,xcvii  ,real effect is mak+ 
out ! p>ts4 ,:y are we to be told t     
ma/]s1 :o c\ld ?9k1 _h n ! judgm5t to   
p]=m ! inf]ior p>ts ( art8 7z ,reynolds 
artfully calls !m72 t we are to le>n to 
?9k f great ma/]s1 & to p]=m f          
und]l+s--to le>n to design f ,raphael1 &
 to execute f ,rub5s8  ,blake4          
,,xcviii  ,if ,i knew t my portrait 0   
/ill at ,antw]p1 ,i w\ld h x kept back =
 ! case to be op5$1 s t "o c\ld see t x 

_h n be5 hurt by s long a "t sp5t 9 a   
case )\t be+ expos$ to ! air1 & t1 z (t5
 happ5s to col\rs fre%ly put on1 x has n
 turn$ r yell[1 !reby los+ all its fir/ 
effect4 ,! rem$y1 if ?is has happ5$1 is 
to expose x repeat$ly to ! sun1 ! rays (
 :i* absorb ! sup]fluity ( oil :i*      
causes ?is *ange2 & if at any "t x /ill 
turns br[n1 x mu/ be expos$ afre% to !  
sun4 ,w>m? is ! only rem$y = ?is s]i\s  
mis*ief4  ,rub5s4     ,,effects ,,( ,,"t
 ,,on ,,pa9t+   ,,xcix  ,! only way to  
judge ( ! treasures ! ,old ,ma/]s (     
:atev] age h left u--:e!r 9 ar*itecture1
 sculpture1 or pa9t+--) any hope ( s\nd 
d$uction1 is to look at ! "w & ask      
oneself--,:at 0 t l :5 x 0 new8 ,! ,elg9
 ,m>bles are all[$ by common cons5t to  
be ! p]fection ( art4 ,b h[ mu* ( our   
feel+ ( rev]5ce is inspir$ by "t8       
,imag9e ! ,p>!non z x mu/ h look$ ) !   
frieze ( ! mighty ,phidias fre% f !     
*isel4 ,c\ld "o behold x 9 all its      
pri/9e beauty & spl5d\r we %\ld see a   
:ite m>ble build+1 bl9d+ 9 ! dazzl+     

brightness ( a s\!rn sun1 ! figures ( ! 
exquisite frieze 9 all probability      
pa9t$--!re is m ?an a suspicion ( t--& !
 :ole /&+ out aga9/ ! int5se blue sky2 &
 _m ( u1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 w\ld cry at  
once1 ,h[ excessively crude4 ,no2 ,"t & 
,v>ni% are two ( ! greate/ ( ,old       
,ma/]s1 & _! m]its & virtues are too (t5
 attribut$ by critics--,i d n ( c\rse   
allude to ! pr(essional art-critics--to 
! pa9t]s ( ! pictures !y h ton$ &       
mell[$4 ,! great arti/s all pa9t$ 9     
bright col\rs1 su* z x is ! fa%ion      
n[adays = m5 to decry z crude & vulg>1  
nev] suspect+ t :at !y applaud 9 ^?     
works is m]ely ! result ( :at !y condemn
 9 _! contempor>ies4 ,take a case 9     
po9t--! ,bac*us & ,ariadne 9 ! ,national
 ,gall]y1 ) its spl5did r$ robe & its   
ri* br[n grass4 ,y may re/ assur$ t !   
pa9t] ( t bright r$ robe nev] pa9t$ !   
grass br[n4 ,he saw ! col\r z x 01 &    
pa9t$ x z x 0--di/9ctly gre52 only x has
 fad$ ) "t to its pres5t beautiful mell[
 col\r4 ,yet _m m5 n[adays w n h a      

picture ) gre5 9 x2 !re are ev5 buy]s   
:o1 :5 giv+ a commission to an arti/1 w 
/ipulate t ! canvas %all conta9 none (  
x4 ,b ,god ,almighty has giv5 u gre51 & 
y may dep5d ^u x x's a f9e col\r4       
,millais4   ,c  ,i mu/ fur!r diss5t f   
any op9ion t beauty ( surface & :at is  
te*nically call$ quality are ma9ly due  
to "t4 ,sir ,john himself has quot$ !   
e>ly pictures ( ,rembr&t z examples (   
h>d & c>eful pa9t+1 devoid ( ! *>m &    
my/]y s rem>kable 9 8 lat] "w4 ,! e>ly  
works ( ,velasquez are /ill m rem>kable 
in/ances1 be+1 z !y are1 s+ul>ly tight &
 disagreeable--"t hav+ done little or   
no?+ t[>ds mak+ !m m agreeable4  ,watts4
   ,,ci  ,i am pa9t+ = ?irty ye>s h5ce4 
,monticelli4   ,,cii  ,sir ,john        
,millais is c]ta9ly "r 9 8 e/imate (    
/rong & ev5 bright col\r1 b x seems to  
me t he is mi/ak5 9 believ+ t ! col\r ( 
! ,v5etians 0 ev] crude1 or t "t w ev]  
turn :ite into col\r4 ,! col\r ( !      
be/-pres]v$ pictures by ,titian %[s a   
m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 light fle% tones &

 :ite drap]y4 ,?is is mo/ di/9ctly se5 9
 ! small ,noli ,me ,tang]e 9 our        
,national ,gall]y1 9 ! s-call$ ,v5us ( !
 ,tribune & 9 ! ,flora ( ! ,uffizi1 bo? 
9 ,flor5ce1 & 9 ,bronz9o's ,all is      
,vanity1 also 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,9 
! la/-nam$ picture1 = example1 ! col\r  
is z crude & ! surface z b>e ( my/]y z  
if x _h be5 pa9t$ ye/]day4 ,z a matt] ( 
fact1 :ite unque/ionably tones d[n1 b   
nev] becomes col\r2 inde$1 "u fav\rable 
conditions1 & hav+ due reg>d to :at is  
und]nea?1 x *anges v little4 ,9 ! ,noli 
,me ,tang]e to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 ! :ite  
sleeve ( ! ,magdal5 is /ill a beautiful 
:ite1 q diff]5t f ! :ite ( ! faire/ (   
,titian's fle%--prov+ t ,titian nev]    
pa9t$ 8 fle% :ite4  ,! s-call$ ,v5us 9 !
 ,tribune at ,flor5ce is a m important  
example /ill1 z x is an elaborately     
pa9t$ picture ow+ no?+ to ! brightness t
 slight pa9t+ (t5 has & reta9s1 ! col\rs
 be+ untorm5t$ by repeat$ re-t\*+4 ,?is 
picture is a pro( t :5 ! me?od is good &
 ! pigm5ts pure1 ! col\rs *ange v       

little4 ,m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s h pass$1
 & ! :ite %eet on :i* ! figure lies is  
/ill1 9 effect1 :ite aga9/ ! fle%4 ,!   
fle% is mo/ lovely 9 col\r--nei!r viol5t
 by %ad[s or /rong col\r--b beautiful   
fle%4 ,x _c be comp>$ to ivory or sn[1  
or any o!r sub/ance or mat]ial2 x is    
simply beautiful lu/re on ! surface ) a 
circulation ( blood und]nea?--an        
absolute triumph nev] repeat$ except by 
,titian himself4  ,x is probable t !    
pictures by ,reynolds are (t5 l[] 9 tone
 ?an !y 71 b x is d\btful :e!r !        
,/rawb]ry ,hill portraits are z mu*     
*ang$ z may be suppos$4 ,walpole1 no    
d\bt1 call$ !m :ite & p9ky1 b x mu/ be  
rememb]$ t1 liv+ be=e ! days ( picture  
clean+1 he 0 accu/om$ to expect !m to be
 br[n & d>k1 probably ev5 to associate  
col\r ) dirt 9 ! ,old ,ma/]s4 ,! pur]1  
cle>]1 & ri*] ! col\rs are1 ! bett] a   
picture w be2 & ,i ?9k ?is %\ld be      
especially insi/$ ^u1 s9ce :ite is s    
effective 9 a mod]n exhibition t "y     
arti/s are naturally prompt$ to pr(it by

 ! means *eaply af=d$ & readily at h&4  
,i ?9k x is probable t :]e ,titian has  
us$ br[n-gre5 he int5d$ x1 s9ce 9 _m ( !
 ,v5etian pictures we f9d gre5 drap]ies 
( a beautiful col\r4 ,sir ,john seems to
 inf] t ! col\rs us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! 
,p>!non 7no d\bt us$7 7 crude4 ,!       
extraord9>y ref9em5ts demon/rat$ 9 a    
lecture by ,mr4 ,p5rose on ! spot la/   
ye>1 at :i* ,i _h ! good =tune to be    
pres5t1 =bid su* a conclusion4 ,a few   
graduat$ in*es 9 ! circumf]5ce ( !      
columns1 & deflection f /raight l9e 9 ! 
p$im5t & 9 ! base-l9e1 prov$ by         
measurem5t & exam9ation to be c>efully  
int5tional1 w n p]mit u = a mom5t to    
believe ?is c\ld h be5 ! case2 s precise
 9 l9e1 rhy?mical 9 arrangem5t1 lovely 9
 detail1 & h>moni\s 9 effect1 x c\ld    
nev] h be5 crude 9 col\r4 ,no d\bt !    
m>ble 0 :ite1 b illum9at$ by su* a sun1 
& set aga9/ su* a sky & di/ance1 ! :ite1
 ) its v>ieties ( %ad[1 aid$ by ! col\rs
 employ$1 c\ld h glean$ life & flame 9  
its spl5d\r4 ,col\r 0 c]ta9ly us$1 & !  

mod]n eye might at fir/ h some?+ to get 
ov]1 b !re c\ld h be5 no?+ h>% & crude4 
,! exquisite purity ( l9e & delicacy (  
edge c\ld nev] h be5 mat*$ ) crudity or 
any?+ l h>%ness ( col\r4 ,to ?is day !  
brighte/ col\rs may be se5 on ! columns 
at ,luxor & ,philae ) beautiful effect4 
,watts4   ,,ciii  ,i am gett+ on ) my   
pictures1 & h n[ got !m all ?ree into a 
fairly =w>d /ate ( "u pa9t+2 completion1
 h[ev]1 w only be rea*$ 9 ! c\rse ( next
 w9t]1 = ,i int5d to execute !m ) m9ute 
c>e4 ,i h simplifi$ my me?od ( pa9t+1 & 
=sworn all tricks4 ,i endeav\r to       
advance f ! beg9n+ z mu* z possible1 &  
equally try to mix ! "r t9t1 & sl[ly &  
c>efully to put x on ! "r spot1 & always
 ) ! model be=e me2 :at does n exactly  
suit has to be adapt$2 "o c d]ive b5efit
 f e head4 ,s*w9d says t he _c "w f     
models1 !y worry him6 ,a spl5did tea*] =
 8 pupils6 ,nature worries e "o at fir/1
 b "o mu/ s discipl9e oneself t1 in/ead 
( *eck+ & h9d]+1 %e %all illum9ate &    
help1 & solve all d\bts4 ,has ,s*w9d1 ) 

8 spl5did & v>i$ gifts1 ev] be5 able to 
model a head ) a bru%8 ,^? :o place !   
bru% beh9d ! p5cil1 "u ! pret5ce t =m is
 be=e all ?+s1 make a v great mi/ake4   
,=m is c]ta9ly all-important2 "o _c /udy
 x en\gh2 b ! great] "p ( =m falls )9 ! 
prov9ce ( ! taboo$ bru%4 ,! ev]-la/+    
hobby ( cont\r :i* belongs to ! draw+   
mat]ial is fir/ ! place :]e ! =m comes  
92 :at1 h[ev]1 reveals true k ( =m1 is a
 p[]ful1 organic1 ref9$ f9i% ( modell+1 
full ( feel+ & k--& t is ! affair ( !   
bru%4  ,leighton4     ,,mann]   ,,civ   
,mann] is always s$uctive4 ,x is m or   
less an imitation ( :at has be5 done    
already1 !re=e always plausible4 ,x     
promises ! %ort road1 ! ne> cut to      
pres5t fame & emolum5t1 by avail+       
ourselves ( ! lab\rs ( o!rs4 ,x leads to
 almo/ imm$iate reputation1 because x is
 ! wond] ( ! ignorant _w4 ,x is always  
accompani$ by c]ta9 bl&i%m5ts1 %[y &    
plausible1 & :i* cat* ! eye4 ,z mann]   
comes by degrees1 & is fo/]$ by success 
9 ! _w1 flatt]y1 c41 all pa9t]s :o w\ld 

be really great %\ld be p]petually on _!
 gu>d aga9/ x4 ,no?+ b a close &        
cont9ual obs]vance ( nature c protect !m
 f ! dang] ( becom+ mann]i/s4           
,con/able4   ,,cv  ,h a holy horror (   
useless impa/o1 :i* gets /icky & dull1  
turns blue & heavy4 ,:5 y h pa9t$ a bit 
( :i* y are d\btful1 wait till ! mom5t  
:5 x w be possible = y to take x out4   
,judge x2 & if x is condemn$1 remove x  
firmly ) y\r palette-knife1 )\t rubb+ by
 rags :i* spoil ! limpidity ( ! pigm5t4 
,y w h left a delicate f\ndation1 to :i*
 y c return & f9i% ) little lab\r1      
because y\r canvas w h receiv$ a fir/   
coat+4 ,load+ & mass+ ! pigm5t is an    
abom9ation4 ,9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs gold turns
 to lead4  ,puvis de ,*avannes4   ,,cvi 
,f ! age ( six ,i began to draw1 & =    
eighty-f\r ye>s ,i h work$ indep5d5tly (
 ! s*ools1 my ?\ghts all ! "t be+ turn$ 
t[>ds draw+4  ,x be+ impossible to      
express ev]y?+ 9 s small a space1 ,i    
wi%$ only to tea* ! diff]5ce betwe5     
v]milion & crimson lake1 betwe5 indigo &

 gre51 & also 9 a g5]al way to tea* h[  
to h&le r\nd %apes & squ>e1 /raight l9es
 & curv$2 & if "o day ,i make a sequel  
to ?is volume1 ,i %all %[ *ildr5 h[ to  
r5d] ! viol5ce ( ocean1 ! ru% ( rapids1 
! tranquillity ( /ill pools1 & among !  
liv+ be+s ( ! e>?1 _! /ate ( weakness or
 /r5g?4 ,!re are 9 nature birds t d n   
fly high1 fl[]+ trees t nev] fruit2 all 
^! conditions ( ! life we live among are
 wor? /udy+ ?or\ghly2 & if ,i ev] succe$
 9 conv9c+ arti/s ( ?is1 ,i %all h be5 !
 fir/ to %[ ! way4  ,hokusai4   ,,cvii  
,let e man :o is "h und]/& ?is well3    
design1 :i* by ano!r "n is call$ draw+1 
& consi/s ( x1 is ! f\nt & body ( pa9t+ 
& sculpture & ar*itecture & ( e o!r k9d 
( pa9t+1 & ! root ( all sci5ces4 ,let   
:oev] may h atta9$ to s mu* z to h ! p[]
 ( draw+ "k t he holds a great treasure2
 he w be able to make figures high] ?an 
any t[]1 ei!r 9 col\rs or c>v$ f !      
block1 & he w n be able to f9d a wall or
 enclosure :i* does n appe> circumscrib$
 & small to 8 brave imag9ation4 ,& he w 

be able to pa9t 9 fresco 9 ! mann] ( old
 ,italy1 ) all ! mixtures & v>ieties (  
col\r usually employ$ 9 x4 ,he w be able
 to pa9t 9 oils v suavely ) m k1 d>+1 & 
pati5ce ?an pa9t]s4 ,& f9ally1 on a     
small piece ( p>*m5t he w be mo/ p]fect 
& great1 z 9 all o!r mann]s ( pa9t+4    
,because great1 v great is ! p[] (      
design & draw+4  ,mi*ael ,angelo4       
,,draw+ ,,& ,,design   ,,cviii  ,pupils1
 ,i give y ! :ole art ( sculpture :5 ,i 
tell y--draw6  ,donatello4   ,,cix      
,draw+ is ! probity ( art4  ,+res4      
,,cx  ,to draw does n mean only to      
reproduce an outl9e1 draw+ does n consi/
 only ( l9e2 draw+ is m ?an ?is1 x is   
expression1 x is ! inn] =m1 ! /ructure1 
! modell+4 ,aft] t :at is left8 ,draw+  
includes sev5-eigh?s ( :at con/itutes   
pa9t+4 ,if ,i _h to put a sign above my 
door ,i w\ld write on x ,s*ool ( ,draw+1
 & ,i am sure t ,i %\ld turn out pa9t]s4
  ,+res4   ,,cxi  ,draw ) a pure b ample
 l9e4 ,purity & bread?1 t is ! secret ( 
draw+1 ( art4  ,+res4   ,,cxii  ,cont9ue

 to draw = long be=e y ?9k ( pa9t+4 ,:5 
"o builds on a solid f\ndation "o c     
sleep at ease4  ,+res4   ,,cxiii  ,!    
great pa9t]s l ,raphael & ,mi*ael       
,angelo insi/$ on ! outl9e :5 f9i%+ _!  
"w4 ,!y w5t ov] x ) a f9e bru%1 & ?us   
gave new animation to ! cont\rs2 !y     
impress$ on _! design =ce & fire4       
,+res4   ,,cxiv  ,! fir/ ?+ to seize 9  
an object1 9 ord] to draw x1 is !       
contra/ ( ! pr9cipal l9es4 ,be=e putt+  
*alk to pap]1 get ?is well into ! m9d4  
,9 ,girodet's "w1 = example1 "o         
sometimes sees ?is admirably %[n1       
because ?r\gh int5se preoccupation ) 8  
model he has caught1 willy-nilly1 some?+
 ( its natural grace2 b x has be5 done z
 if by accid5t4 ,he appli$ ! pr9ciple   
)\t recognis+ x z su*4 ,x---- seems to  
me ! only man :o has und]/ood x & c>ri$ 
x out4 ,t is ! :ole secret ( 8 draw+4 ,!
 mo/ difficult ?+ is to apply x1 l him1 
to ! :ole body4 ,+res has done x 9      
details l h&s1 c4 ,)\t me*anical aids to
 help ! eye1 x w\ld be impossible to    

arrive at ! pr9ciple2 aids su* z        
prolong+ a l9e1 c41 draw+ (t5 on a pane 
( glass4 ,all ! o!r pa9t]s1 n except+   
,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael1 draw by     
in/9ct1 by inspiration1 & f\nd beauty by
 be+ /ruck ) x 9 nature2 b !y did n "k  
,x----'s secret1 accuracy ( eye4 ,x is n
 at ! mom5t ( c>ry+ out a design t "o   
ought to tie oneself d[n to work+ )     
measur+-rules1 p]p5dicul>s1 c42 ?is     
accuracy ( eye mu/ be an acquir$ habit1 
:i* 9 ! pres5ce ( nature w spontane\sly 
assi/ ! imp]i\s ne$ ( r5d]+ h] aspect4  
,wilkie1 aga91 has ! secret4 ,9         
portraiture x is indisp5sable4 ,:51 =   
example1 "o has made out ! ensemble ( a 
design1 & :5 "o kn[s ! l9es by he>t1 s  
to speak1 "o %\ld be able to reproduce  
!m geometrically1 9 a fa%ion1 on !      
picture4 ,above all ) wom5's portraits2 
! fir/ ?+ to seize is to seize ! grace (
 ! ensemble4 ,if y beg9 ) ! details1 y w
 be always heavy4 ,= in/ance3 if y h to 
draw a ?or\ghbr$ horse1 if y let y\rself
 g into details1 y\r outl9e w nev] be   

sali5t en\gh4  ,delacroix4   ,,cxv      
,draw+ is ! means employ$ by art to set 
d[n & imitate ! light ( nature4 ,ev]y?+ 
9 nature is manife/$ to u by means (    
light & its complem5t>ies1 reflection & 
%ad[4 ,?is x is :i* draw+ v]ifies4      
,draw+ is ! c\nt]feit light ( art4      
,bracquemond4   ,,cxvi  ,x won't d to   
beg9 pa9t+ heads or mu* detail 9 ?is    
picture till x's all settl$4 ,i d s     
believe 9 gett+ 9 ! bones ( a picture   
prop]ly fir/1 !n putt+ on ! fle% &      
aft]w>ds ! sk91 & !n ano!r sk92 la/ (   
all comb+ its hair & s5d+ x =? to ! _w4 
,if y beg9 ) ! fle% & ! sk9 & tru/ to   
gett+ ! bones "r aft]w>ds1 x's su* a    
slipp]y process4  ,burne-,jones4        
,,cxvii  ,! creative _s 9 desc5d+ into a
 pictorial conception mu/ take ^u itself
 organic /ructure4 ,?is great imag9ative
 s*eme =ms ! bony sy/em ( ! "w2 l9es    
take ! place ( n]ves & art]ies1 & ! :ole
 is cov]$ ) ! sk9 ( col\r4  ,hsieh ,ho  
7,*9ese1 six? c5tury74   ,,cxviii       
,simplicity 9 composition or di/9ctness 

( p>ts is ev] to be att5d$ to1 z x is "o
 "p ( beauty1 z has be5 already said3 b 
t :at ,i mean by di/9ctness ( p>ts 9 ?is
 place may be bett] und]/ood x w be     
prop] to expla9 x by an example4  ,:5 y 
w\ld compose an object ( a great v>iety 
( p>ts1 let sev]al ( ^? p>ts be di/+ui%$
 by !mselves1 by _! rem>kable diff]5ce f
 ! next adjo9+1 s z to make ea* ( !m1 z 
x 71 "o well-%ap$ quantity or "p 7^! are
 l :at !y call passages 9 music1 & 9    
writ+ p>agraphs7 by :i* means n only !  
:ole1 b ev5 e "p1 w be bett] und]/ood by
 ! eye3 = confusion w h]eby be avoid$ :5
 ! object is se5 ne>1 & ! %apes w seem  
well v>i$1 ?\gh few] 9 numb]1 at a      
di/ance4  ,! p>sley-leaf1 9 l mann]1 f  
:5ce a beautiful foliage 9 ornam5t 0    
orig9ally tak51 is divid$ into ?ree     
di/9ct passages2 :i* are aga9 divid$    
into o!r odd numb]s2 & ?is me?od is     
obs]v$1 = ! g5]ality1 9 ! leaves ( all  
plants & fl[]s1 ! mo/ simple ( :i* are !
 trefoil & c9quefoil4  ,obs]ve !        
well-compos$ nosegay1 h[ x loses all    

di/9ctness :5 x dies2 ea* leaf & fl[] !n
 %rivels & loses its di/9ct %ape1 & !   
firm col\rs fade into a k9d ( sam5ess2 s
 t ! :ole gradually becomes a confus$   
heap4  ,if ! g5]al p>ts ( objects are   
pres]v$ l>ge at fir/1 !y w always admit 
( fur!r enri*m5ts ( a small k9d1 b !n !y
 mu/ be s small z n to conf\nd ! g5]al  
masses or quantities2 ?us1 y see1 v>iety
 is a *eck ^u itself :5 ov]done1 :i* (  
c\rse begets :at is call$ a petit ta/e &
 a confusion to ! eye4  ,hog>?4   ,,cxix
  ,draw+ includes ev]y?+ except ! t9t+ (
 ! picture4  ,+res4   ,,cxx  ,"o mu/    
always be draw+1 draw+ ) ! eye :5 "o _c 
draw ) ! p5cil4 ,if obs]vation does n   
keep /ep ) practice y w d no?+ really   
good4  ,+res4   ,,cxxi  ,z a means (    
practis+ ?is p]spective ( ! v>iation &  
loss or dim9ution ( ! prop] ess5ce (    
col\rs1 take at di/ances1 a hundr$      
braccia ap>t1 objects /&+ 9 ! l&scape1  
su* z trees1 h\ses1 m51 & places1 & 9   
front ( ! fir/ tree fix a piece ( glass 
s t x is q /eady1 & !n let y\r eye re/  

^u x & trace out a tree ^u ! glass above
 ! outl9e ( ! tree2 & aft]w>ds remove ! 
glass s f> to "o side t ! actual tree   
seems almo/ to t\* ! "o t y h drawn4 ,!n
 col\r y\r draw+ 9 su* a way t ! two are
 alike 9 col\r & =m1 & t if y close "o  
eye bo? seem pa9t$ on ! glass & ! same  
di/ance away4 ,!n proce$ 9 ! same way ) 
a second & a ?ird tree1 at di/ances ( a 
hundr$ braccia f ea* o!r4 ,& ^! w always
 s]ve z y\r /&>ds & tea*]s :5 y are at  
"w on pictures :]e !y c be appli$1 & !y 
w cause ! "w to be successful 9 its     
di/ance4 ,b ,i f9d x is a rule t !      
second is r$uc$ to f\r-fif?s ! size ( ! 
fir/ :5 x is tw5ty braccia di/ant f x4  
,leon>do4   ,,cxxii  ,! great & gold5   
rule ( art1 z well z ( life1 is ?is3 ,t 
! m di/9ct1 %>p1 & wiry ! b\nd+ l9e1 ! m
 p]fect ! "w ( art4444 ,great inv5tors 9
 all ages knew ?is3 ,protog5es &        
,apelles knew ea* o!r by ?is l9e2       
,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,alb]t    
,du]]1 are kn[n by ?is & ?is alone4 ,!  
want ( ?is det]m9ate & b\nd+ =m evid5ces

 ! idea ( want 9 ! arti/'s m9d4  ,blake4
   ,,cxxiii  ,my op9ion is t he :o kn[s 
h[ to draw well & m]ely does a foot or a
 h& or a neck1 c pa9t ev]y?+ creat$ 9 ! 
_w2 & yet !re are pa9t]s :o pa9t ev]y?+ 
!re is 9 ! _w s impati5tly & s mu* )\t  
wor? t x w\ld be bett] n to d x at all4 
,"o recognises ! k ( a great man 9 ! fe>
 ) :i* he does a ?+ ! m he und]/&s x2 &1
 on ! contr>y1 ! ignorance ( o!rs 9 !   
foolh>dy d>+ ) :i* !y fill pictures )   
:at !y "k no?+ ab\t4 ,!re may be an     
excell5t ma/] :o has nev] pa9t$ m ?an a 
s+le figure1 & )\t pa9t+ any?+ m des]ves
 m r5[n & hon\r ?an ^? :o h pa9t$ a ?\s&
 pictures3 he kn[s bett] h[ to d :at he 
has n done ?an ! o!rs "k :at !y d4      
,mi*ael ,angelo4   ,,cxxiv  ,x is kn[n t
 bodies 9 motion always describe "s l9e 
or o!r 9 ! air1 z ! :irl+ r\nd ( a      
firebr& app>5tly makes a circle1 !      
wat]fall "p ( a curve1 ! arr[ & bullet1 
by ! swiftness ( _! motions1 ne>ly a    
/raight l9e2 wav+ l9es are =m$ by !     
pleas+ movem5t ( a %ip on ! waves4 ,n[1 

9 ord] to obta9 a j idea ( action1 at ! 
same "t to be judici\sly satisfi$ ( be+ 
9 ! "r 9 :at we d1 let u beg9 ) imag9+ a
 l9e =m$ 9 ! air by any suppos$ po9t at 
! end ( a limb or "p t is mov$1 or made 
by ! :ole "p or limb1 or by ! :ole body 
toge!r4 ,& t ?us mu* ( movem5ts may be  
conceiv$ at once is evid5t1 on ! lea/   
recollection2 = :oev] has se5 a f9e     
,arabian w>-horse1 unback$ & at lib]ty1 
& 9 a wanton trot1 _c b rememb] :at a   
l>ge wav+ l9e 8 ris+1 & at ! same "t    
press+ =w>d cuts ?r\gh ! air1 ! equal   
cont9uation ( :i* is v>i$ by 8 curvet+ f
 side to side2 :il/ 8 long mane & tail  
play ab\t 9 s]p5t9e movem5ts4  ,hog>?4  
,,cxxv  ,di/+ui% ! v>i\s planes ( a     
picture by circumscrib+ !m ea* 9 turn2  
class !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y pres5t       
!mselves to ! daylight2 be=e beg9n+ to  
pa9t1 settle :i* h ! same value4 ,?us1 =
 example1 9 a draw+ on t9t$ pap] make ! 
p>ts t glitt] gleam out ) y\r :ite1 !n !
 lights1 r5d]$ also ) :ite1 b fa9t]2    
aft]w>ds ^? ( ! half-tones t c be manag$

 by means ( ! pap]1 !n a fir/ half-tone 
) ! *alk1 c4 ,:5 at ! edge ( a plane :i*
 y h accurately m>k$1 y h a little m    
light ?an at ! c5tre ( x1 y give s mu* m
 def9ition ( its flatness or projection4
 ,?is is ! secret ( modell+4 ,x w be (  
no use to add black2 t w n give !       
modell+4 ,x foll[s t "o c model ) v     
slight mat]ials4  ,delacroix4   ,,cxxvi 
,take a /yle ( silv] or brass1 or any?+ 
else provid$ ! po9t is silv]1           
suffici5tly f9e 7%>p7 & poli%$ & good4  
,!n to acquire comm& ( h& 9 us+ ! /yle1 
beg9 to draw ) x f a copy z freely z y  
c1 & s lightly t y c sc>cely see :at y h
 begun to d1 deep5+ y\r /rokes little by
 little1 & go+ ov] !m repeat$ly to make 
! %ad[s4 ,:]e y w\ld make x d>ke/ g ov] 
x _m times2 &1 on ! contr>y1 make b few 
t\*es on ! lights4 ,& y mu/ be guid$ by 
! light ( ! sun1 & ! light ( y\r eye1 & 
y\r h&2 & )\t ^! ?ree ?+s y c d no?+    
prop]ly4 ,contrive always :5 y draw t ! 
light is s(t5$1 & t ! sun /rikes on y\r 
left h&2 & 9 ?is mann] y %\ld beg9 to   

practise draw+ only a %ort "t e day1 t y
 may n become vex$ or we>y4  ,c5n9o     
,c5n9i4   ,,cxxvii  ,*>coal4 ,y c't     
draw1 y pa9t ) x4  ,p5cil4 ,x is always 
t\* & g :e!r ,i c manage x ev5 n[4      
,sometimes knots w come 9 x1 & ,i nev] c
 get !m out--,i mean little black       
specks4 ,if ,i h once india-rubb]$ x1 x 
doesn't make a good draw+4 ,i look on a 
p]fectly successful draw+ z "o built ^u 
a gr\ndwork ( cle> l9es till x is f9i%$4
 ,x's ! same k9d ( ?+ ) r$ *alk--x      
mu/n't be tak5 out3 rubb+ ) ! f+] is all
 "r4 ,9 fact y don't succe$ ) any       
process until y f9d out h[ y may knock x
 ab\t & 9 :at way y mu/ be c>eful4      
,sl[ly built-up texture 9 oil-pa9t+     
gives y ! be/ *ance ( *ang+ )\t damage  
:5 x is necess>y4  ,burne-,jones4       
,,cxxviii  ,! simpl] y\r l9es & =ms are 
! /rong] & m beautiful !y w be4 ,:5ev] y
 break up =ms y weak5 !m4 ,x is z )     
ev]y?+ else t is split & divid$4  ,+res4
   ,,cxxix  ,! drap]ies ) :i* y dress   
figures ought to h _! folds s           

accommodat$ z to surr\nd ! p>ts !y are  
int5d$ to cov]2 t 9 ! mass ( light !re  
be n any d>k fold1 & 9 ! mass ( %ad[s   
none receiv+ too great a light4 ,!y mu/ 
g g5tly ov]1 describ+ ! p>ts2 b n ) l9es
 across1 cutt+ ! memb]s ) h>d not*es1   
deep] ?an ! "p c possibly be2 at ! same 
"t1 x mu/ fit ! body1 & n appe> l an    
empty bundle ( clo?2 a fault ( _m       
pa9t]s1 :o1 enam\r$ ( ! quantity &      
v>iety ( folds1 h encumb]$ _! figures1  
=gett+ ! int5tion ( clo!s1 :i* is to    
dress & surr\nd ! p>ts gracefully :]ev] 
!y t\*2 & n to be fill$ ) w9d1 l bladd]s
 puff$ up :]e ! p>ts project4 ,i d n d5y
 t we ought n to neglect introduc+ "s   
h&some folds among ^! drap]ies1 b x mu/ 
be done ) great judgm5t1 & suit$ to !   
p>ts1 :]e1 by ! actions ( ! limbs &     
position ( ! :ole body1 !y ga!r toge!r4 
,above all1 be c>eful to v>y ! quality &
 quantity ( y\r folds 9 compositions (  
_m figures2 s t1 if "s h l>ge folds1    
produc$ by ?ick wooll5 clo?1 o!rs be+   
dress$ 9 ?9n] /uff1 may h !m n>r[]2 "s  

%>p & /raight1 o!rs s(t & undulat+4     
,leon>do4   ,,cxxx  ,d n sp>e y\rself 9 
draw+ f ! liv+ model1 drap$ z well z    
undrap$2 9 fact1 draw drap]y cont9ually1
 = rememb] t ! beauty ( y\r design mu/  
l>gely dep5d on ! design ( ! drap]y4    
,:at y %\ld aim at is to get s famili> )
 all ?is t y c at la/ make y\r design ) 
ease & some?+ l c]ta9ty1 )\t draw+ f    
models 9 ! fir/ draught1 ?\gh y %\ld    
make /udies f nature aft]w>ds4  ,william
 ,morris4   ,,cxxxi  ,a woman's %ape is 
be/ 9 repose1 b ! f9e ?+ ab\t a man is t
 he is su* a spl5did ma*9e1 s y c put   
him 9 motion1 & make z _m knobs & jo9ts 
& muscles ab\t him z y please4          
,burne-,jones4   ,,cxxxii  ,i want to   
draw f ! nude ?is summ] z mu* z ,i      
possibly c2 ,i am sure t x is ! only way
 to keep oneself up to ! /&>d (         
draughtsman%ip t is s absolutely        
necess>y to any "o :o wi%es to become a 
craftsman 9 pref]5ce to a glorifi$      
amateur4  ,c4 ,w4 ,furse4   ,,cxxxiii   
,always :5 y draw make up y\r m9d       

def9itely z to :at are ! sali5t         
*>act]i/ics ( ! object1 & express ^? z  
p]sonally z y c1 n m9d+ :e!r y\r view is
 or is n %>$ by y\r relatives & fri5ds4 
,n[ ?is is n c>te blan*e to be          
caprici\s1 nor does x int5d to make y   
seek = novelty2 b if y are true to y\r  
own vision1 z h]et(ore y h be51 y w     
always be orig9al & p]sonal 9 y\r "w4 ,9
 /at+ y\r op9ion on ! /ructural "* (    
man1 bird1 or bea/1 always wilfully     
c>icature2 x gives y some?+ to prune1   
:i* is ev] s mu* m satisfactory ?an hav+
 con/antly to fill gaps :i* an un9cisive
 vision has caus$1 & :i* w inv>iably    
make "w dull & m$iocre & wood54  ,c4 ,w4
 ,furse4   ,,cxxxiv  ,9 ,japanese pa9t+ 
=m & col\r are repres5t$ )\t any attempt
 at relief1 b 9 ,european me?ods relief 
& illusion are s\ght =4  ,hokusai4      
,,cxxxv  ,x is inde$ ridicul\s t mo/ (  
our p are dispos$ to reg>d ,we/]n pa9t+s
 z a k9d ( ,uki-ye4 ,z ,i h repeat$ly   
rem>k$1 a pa9t+ :i* is n a fai?ful copy 
( nature has nei!r beauty nor is wor?y (

 ! "n4 ,:at ,i mean to say is ?is3 be ! 
subject :at x may1 a l&scape1 a bird1 a 
bullock1 a tree1 a /one1 or an insect1 x
 %\ld be treat$ 9 a way s lifelike t x  
is in/9ct ) life & motion4 ,n[ ?is is   
beyond ! possibility ( any o!r art save 
t ( ! ,we/4 ,judg$ f ?is po9t ( view1   
,japanese & ,*9ese pa9t+s look v pu]ile1
 h>dly des]v+ ! "n ( art4 ,because p h  
be5 accu/om$ to su* daub-l productions1 
:5ev] !y see a ma/] pa9t+ ( ! ,we/1 !y  
m]ely pass x by z a m]e curiosity1 or   
dub x a ,uki-ye1 a misconception :i*    
betrays %e] ignorance4  ,%iba ,kokan    
7,japanese1 eighte5? c5tury74   ,,cxxxvi
  ,^! acc5ts are to pa9t+ :at melody is 
to ! h>monic base1 & m ?an any?+ else !y
 decide victory or defeat4 ,a me?od is (
 little acc\nt at ^? mom5ts :5 ! f9al   
effect is at h&2 "o uses any means1 ev5 
diabolical invocations1 & :5 ! ne$      
comes1 :5 ,i h exhau/$ ! res\rces (     
pigm5t1 ,i use a scrap]1 pumice-/one1 & 
if no?+ else s]ves1 ! h&le ( my bru%4   
,r\sseau4   ,,cxxxvii  ,! noble/ relievo

 9 pa9t+ is t :i* is resultant f !      
treatm5t ( ! masses1 n f ! vulg> swell+ 
& r\nd+ ( ! bodies2 & ! noble ,v5etian  
mass+ is excell5t 9 ?is quality4 ,^?    
p>ts 9 :i* !re is necessity = sali5t    
quality ( relief mu/ be express$ ) a    
c]ta9 quadrature1 a c]ta9 v>i$ grace (  
acc5t l t :i* ! bony ridge develops 9   
beautiful wri/s & ankles1 also 9 "s ( ! 
tunic-folds t fall beh9d ! arm ( !      
recumb5t ,fate ov] ! middle ( ! figure (
 ! ,newl&s ,titian2 & aga9 9 "s ( !     
happie/ passages 9 ! graceful wom5 (    
,lodovico ,c>acci1 & 9 _! ve/ure folds1 
e4g4 ! bosom & wai/ ( ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e4    
,d\btless !re is a *oice1 or design 7   
va94 ,!re mu/ be c\rage to reject no    
less ?an to ga!r4 ,a man is at lib]ty to
 neglect ?+s t are repugnant to 8       
disposition4 ,he may1 if he please1 h   
no?+ to d ) ?i/le or ?orn1 ) bramble or 
bri]4444 ,nev]!less %>p & sev]e ?+s are 
yet de> to "s s\ls4 ,nor %\ld ,i und]/& 
! ta/e t w\ld reject ! wildness ( ! ?orn
 & holly1 or ! *ild-lov+ labyr9?s ( !   

bramble1 or :olesome ranges ( ! d[ns &  
w>r5s fragrant ) gorse4  ,no "o requires
 ( ! pa9t] t he ev5 attempt to r5d] !   
multitude & inf9itude ( ,nature2 b t he 
repres5t x ?r\gh ! *a/5$ elem5ts ( 8    
prop] in/rum5t1 ) a p]=mance r5d]$      
di/9ctive & facile by /udy & g5ial      
impulse4  ,edw>d ,calv]t4   ,,cxxxviii  
,modell+ is p>5t ( ! art ( *as+1 z ( !  
art ( sculptur+4 ,skilful z he 0 9 ^!   
arts1 he execut$ no?+ :i* he _h n       
modell$4  ,pasiteles4   ,,cxxxix  ,don't
 inv5t arrangem5ts1 select !m1 leav+ out
 :at y consid] to be unimportant1 &     
above all ?+s don't be influ5c$ 9 !     
arrangem5ts y select by any pictures y  
may see1 except p]haps ! ,japanese4  ,c4
 ,w4 ,furse4   ,c,x,x,x,i,xa  ,he alone 
c conceive & compose :o sees ! :ole at  
once be=e him4  ,fuseli4     ,,col\r    
,,cxl  ,he :o desires to be a pa9t] mu/ 
le>n to rule ! black1 & r$1 & :ite4     
,titian4   ,,cxli  ,!re is ! black :i*  
is old & ! black :i* is fre%1 lu/r\s    
black & dull black1 black 9 sunlight &  

black 9 %ad[4 ,= ! old black1 "o mu/ use
 an admixture ( r$2 = ! fre% black1 an  
admixture ( blue2 = ! dull black1 an    
admixture ( :ite2 = lu/r\s black1 gum   
mu/ be add$2 black 9 sunlight mu/ h grey
 reflections4  ,hokusai4   ,,cxlii  ,:5 
y are pa9t+ put a piece ( black velvet  
betwe5 y\r eye & nature2 by ?is means y 
w easily conv9ce y\rself t 9 nature     
ev]y?+ is blond1 ev5 ! d>k trunks (     
trees reliev$ aga9/ ! sky4 ,black1 :5 x 
is 9 %ad[1 is /rong 9 tone1 b ceases to 
be black4  ,dutilleux4   ,,cxliii  ,!   
,v>iation ( ,col\r 9 unev5 ,sup]ficies1 
is :at conf\nds an unskilful ,pa9t]2 b  
if he takes ,c>e to m>k ! ,outl9es ( 8  
,sup]ficie1 & ! ,seat ( 8 ,lights1 he w 
f9d ! true ,col\r+ no su* difficult     
matt]3 ,= fir/ he w alt] ! ,sup]ficies  
prop]ly z f> z ! ,l9e ( ,sep>ation1 ei!r
 ) ,:ite or ,black sp>+ly z only ) g5tle
 ,dew2 !n he w 9 ! same ,mann] b$ew !   
o!r ,side ( ! ,l9e1 if ,i may be all[$ !
 expression1 !n ?is aga9 & s on by      
turns1 till ! light ,side is bright5$ ) 

m transp>5t ,col\r1 & ! same ,col\r on !
 o!r ,side dies away l ,smoak into an   
easy ,%ade4 ,b y %\ld always rememb]1 t 
no ,sup]ficie %\ld ev] be made s :ite t 
y _c make x /ill bright]3 ,ev5 9 ,pa9t+ 
! :ite/ ,cloa?s y %\ld ab/a9 f com+ ne> 
! /ronge/ ( t ,col\r2 because ! ,pa9t]  
has no?+ b ,:ite :]e) to imitate !      
,poli% ( ! mo/ %9+ ,sup]ficie :atsoev]1 
z ,i "k ( none b ,black ) :i* he c      
repres5t ! utmo/ ,%ade & ,obscurity (   
,night4 ,= ?is ,reason1 :5 he pa9ts a   
:ite ,habit1 he %\ld take "o ( ! f\r    
,k9ds ( ,col\rs t are cle> & op52 & s   
aga9 9 pa9t+ any black ,habit1 let him  
use ano!r ,extream1 b n absolute ,black1
 z = ,in/ance1 ! ,col\r ( ! ,sea :]e x  
is v deep1 :i* is extreamly d>k4 ,9 a   
,^w1 ?is ,composition ( ,black & ,:ite  
has s mu* ,p[]1 t :5 practis$ ) ,art &  
,me?od1 x is capable ( repres5t+ 9      
,pa9t+ ! ,sup]ficie ei!r ( ,gold or (   
,silv]1 & ev5 ( ! cle>e/ ,glass4 ,^?    
,pa9t]s1 !re=e1 are greatly to be       
condemn$1 :o make use ( ,:ite           

immod]ately & ( ,black )\t ,judgm5t2 =  
:i* reason ,i c\ld wi% t ! ,pa9t]s 7    
oblig$ to buy _! ,:ite at a great]      
,price ?an ! mo/ co/ly ,gems1 & t bo?   
,:ite & ,black 7 to be made ( ^? ,pe>ls 
:i* ,cleopatra dissolv$ 9 ,v9eg>2 t !y  
might be m *>y ( x4  ,leon ,batti/a     
,alb]ti4  ,illu/ration3 ,signorelli ,,! 
,,music ,,( ,,pan ,hanf/a5gl   ,,cxliv  
,a ^w z to col\r4 ,"o c only give w>n+s 
aga9/ possible faults2 x is cle>ly      
impossible to tea* col\r by words1 ev5  
ev] s little ( x1 ?\gh x c be taught 9 a
 work%op1 at lea/ p>tially4 ,well1 ,i   
%\ld say1 be r re/ra9$ ?an ov]-luxuri\s 
9 col\r1 or y we>y ! eye4 ,d n attempt  
ov]-ref9em5ts 9 col\r1 b be frank &     
simple4 ,if y look at ! pieces ( col\r+ 
t mo/ delight y 9 ornam5tal "w1 z1 e4g4 
a ,p]sian c>pet1 or an illum9at$ book ( 
! ,middle ,ages1 & analyse its elem5ts1 
y w1 if y are n us$ to ! "w1 be surpris$
 at ! simplicity ( x1 ! few t9ts us$1 ! 
mode/y ( ! t9ts1 & !re)al ! cle>ness &  
precision ( all b\nd>y l9es4 ,9 all f9e 

flat col\r+ !re are regul> sy/ems (     
divid+ col\r f col\r4 ,above all1 don't 
attempt iridesc5t bl5d+s ( col\r1 :i*   
look l decomposition4 ,!y are ab\t z mu*
 z possible ! rev]se ( useful4  ,william
 ,morris4   ,,cxlv  ,aft] see+ all ! f9e
 pictures 9 ,france1 ,italy1 & ,g]many1 
"o mu/ come to ?is conclusion--t col\r1 
if n ! fir/1 is at lea/ an ess5tial     
quality 9 pa9t+4 ,no ma/] has z yet     
ma9ta9$ 8 gr\nd beyond 8 own "t )\t x4  
,b 9 oil pa9t+ x is ri*ness & dep? alone
 t c d ju/ice to ! mat]ial4 ,^u ?is     
subject e prejudice ) :i* ,i left home  
is1 if any?+1 n only confirm$ b         
increas$4 ,:at ,sir ,jo%ua wrote1 & :at 
our fri5d ,sir ,george s (t5 support$1 0
 "r2 & aft] see+ :at ,i h se51 ,i am n  
n[ to be talk$ out ( x4  ,) u1 z y "k1 e
 "y exhibitor ) p9k1 :ite1 & blue1 ?9ks 
himself a col\ri/ l ,titian2 ?an :om    
p]haps no pa9t] is m misrepres5t$ or    
misund]/ood4 ,i saw myself at ,flor5ce 8
 fam\s ,v5us ^u an easel1 ) ,kirkup &   
,wallis by me4 ,?is picture1 s (t5      

copi$1 & e copy a fre% mi/ake1 is1 :at  
,i expect$ x to be1 deep yet brilliant2 
indescribable 9 its hues1 yet simple    
beyond example 9 its execution & its    
col\r+4 ,its fle% 7,o h[ our fri5ds at  
home w\ld />e67 is a simple1 sob]1      
mix$-up t9t1 & app>5tly1 l y\r skies1   
complet$ :ile wet4 ,no scrat*+s1 no     
hat*+s1 no scumbl+ nor multiplicity (   
repetitions--no ultram>9e lakes nor     
v]milions--n ev5 a m>k ( ! bru% visible2
 all seem$ melt$ 9 ! fat & gl[+ mass1   
solid yet transp>5t1 giv+ ! ne>e/       
approa* to life t ! pa9t]'s art has ev] 
yet rea*$4  ,wilkie4   ,,cxlvi  ,9      
pa9t+1 get ! ma9 tones fir/4 ,d n =get t
 :ite by itself %\ld be us$ v sp>+ly2 to
 make any?+ ( a beautiful col\r1        
acc5tuate ! tones cle>ly1 lay !m fre% & 
9 facets2 no compromise ) ambigu\s &    
false tones2 col\r 9 nature is a mixture
 ( s+le tones adapt$ to "o ano!r4       
,*ass]iau4   ,,cxlvii  ,a ?+ to rememb] 
always3 avoid gre5i% tones4  ,*ass]iau4 
,,cxlviii  ,"o is a col\ri/ by values1  

by col\r & light2 !re are col\ri/s :o   
are lum9>i/s z !re are col\ri/s pure &  
simple4 ,titian is a col\ri/ b n a      
lum9>i/1 :ile ,correggio is a col\ri/ & 
a lum9>i/4  ,! simple col\ri/s are ^? :o
 cont5t !mselves ) repres5t+ ! tones 9  
_! value & col\r )\t tr\bl+ ab\t ! magic
 ( light2 !y also give to tones all _!  
int5sity4  ,! lum9>i/s1 z ! ^w          
indicates1 make light ! mo/ important   
?+4 ,?ree names w make y und]/&2        
,rembr&t1 ,correggio1 & ,claude         
,lorra9e4  ,claude1 tak+ ! light ( ! sun
 = a />t+-po9t1 ju/ifies 8 me?od by     
nature3 y "k t he />ts f a lum9\s po9t1 
& t po9t is ! sun4 ,to make ?is         
brilliant y mu/ make great sacrifices1 =
 y h no d\bt rem>k$ t we pa9t]s always  
beg9 ) a half-t9t2 z our pa9t+s are n   
bright5$ by ! light ( ! sun1 & />t ) a  
half-t9t1 x is necess>y by ! magic (    
tones to make ?is half-t9t %9e l a      
lum9\s ?+4 ,y see t x is a difficult    
problem to solve2 h[ does ,claude d x8  
,he does n copy ! exact tones ( nature1 

s9ce beg9n+ ) a dull "o1 he is oblig$ to
 make x lum9\s4 ,he transposes z 9      
music2 he obs]ves all ?+s con/itut+     
light1 rem>ks t ! rays prev5t u f seiz+ 
! outl9e ( a bright object1 t !n ! flame
 is envelop$ by a bright halo2 !n by a  
second "o less vivid1 & s on until !    
tones become dull & sombre4 ,9 %ort1 to 
make myself und]/ood1 8 picture se5 f   
di/ance repres5ts a flame4  ,correggio  
also works 9 ?is way4 ,take = example 8 
picture ( ,antiope4  ,! woman1 envelop$ 
9 a pan!r sk91 is z bright z a flame4 ,!
 s(t r$ tone =ms ! fir/ halo1 !n ! light
 blue drap]ies ) a slight gre5i% t9t =m 
! second halo4 ,! ,satyr has a value a  
few degrees bel[ t ( ! drap]ies1 mak+ x 
! ?ird halo4 ,:5 ! b\quet is ?us =m$1   
,correggio surr\nds x ) beautiful d>k   
leaves1 %ad+ t[>ds ! extremities ( !    
canvas4 ,^! gradations are s well       
obs]v$1 t if y put ! picture at s great 
a di/ance t y _c see ! figures1 y w /ill
 h ! repres5tation ( light4  ,c\ture4   
,,cxlix  ,pa9t]s :o are n col\ri/s make 

illum9ations & n pa9t+s4 ,pa9t+1 prop]ly
 speak+--unless "o wants to produce a   
mono*rome--implies ! idea ( col\r z "o (
 its fundam5tal elem5ts1 toge!r )       
*i>oscuro1 proportion1 & p]spective4    
,proportion applies to sculpture z to   
pa9t+4 ,p]spective det]m9es ! outl9e2   
*i>oscuro produces relief by !          
arrangem5t ( %ad[ & light 9 relation to 
! backgr\nd2 col\r gives ! appe>ance (  
life1 c4  ,! sculptor does n beg9 8 "w )
 an outl9e2 he builds up ) 8 mat]ial a  
lik5ess ( ! object :i*1 r\gh at fir/1   
e/abli%es f ! beg9n+ ! ess5tial         
conditions ( relief & solidity4         
,col\ri/s1 be+ ^? :o unite all !        
qualities ( pa9t+1 mu/1 9 a s+le process
 & at fir/ sett+ to "w1 secure !        
conditions peculi> & ess5tial to _! art4
  ,!y h to mass ) col\r1 z ! sculptor ) 
clay1 m>ble1 or /one2 _! sket*1 l !     
sculptor's1 mu/ %[ proportion1          
p]spective1 effect1 & col\r4  ,outl9e is
 z ideal & conv5tional 9 pa9t+ z 9      
sculpture2 x %\ld result naturally f !  

good arrangem5t ( ! ess5tial p>ts4 ,!   
comb9$ prep>ation ( effect :i* implies  
p]spective & col\r w approa* m or less !
 actual aspect ( ?+s1 accord+ to !      
degree ( ! pa9t]'s skill2 b ?is         
f\ndation w conta9 pot5tially ev]y?+    
includ$ 9 ! f9al result4  ,delacroix4   
,,cl  ,i believe col\r to be a q        
indisp5sable quality 9 ! highe/ art1 & t
 no picture ev] belong$ to ! highe/ ord]
 )\t x2 :ile _m1 by possess+ x--z !     
works ( ,titian--are rais$ c]ta9ly into 
! highe/ class1 ?\gh n to ! v highe/    
grade ( t class1 9 spite ( ! limit$     
degree ( _! o!r great qualities4 ,p]haps
 ! only exception :i* ,i %\ld be incl9$ 
to admit exi/s 9 ! works ( ,hog>?1 to   
:i* ,i %\ld nev] d>e to assign any b ! v
 highe/ place1 ?\gh _! col\r is c]ta9ly 
n a prom95t feature 9 !m4 ,i mu/ add1   
h[ev]1 t ,hog>?'s col\r is seldom o!r   
?an pleas+ to myself1 & t = my own "p ,i
 %\ld almo/ call him a col\ri/1 ?\gh n  
aim+ at col\r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are m5 
:o1 m]ely on acc\nt ( bad col\r1 prev5t 

me f ?or\ghly enjoy+ _! works1 ?\gh full
 ( o!r qualities4 ,= in/ance1 ,wilkie or
 ,del>o*e 79 ne>ly all 8 works1 ?\gh !  
,hemicycle is f9e 9 col\r74 ,f ,wilkie  
,i w\ld at any "t pref] a ?or\ghly f9e  
engrav+--?\gh ( c\rse he is 9 no respect
 ev5 )9 hail ( ,hog>?4 ,col\r is !      
physiognomy ( a picture2 &1 l ! %ape ( !
 human =ehead1 x _c be p]fectly         
beautiful )\t prov+ goodness &          
greatness4 ,o!r qualities are 9 its life
 ex]cis$2 b ?is is ! body ( its life1 by
 :i* we "k & love x at fir/ sight4      
,rossetti4   ,,cli  ,9 reg>d to !       
diff]5t modes ( pa9t+ ! fle%1 ,i belief 
x is ( little consequ5ce :i* is pursu$1 
if y only keep ! col\rs di/9ct2 too mu* 
mix+ makes !m muddy & de/roys _!        
brilliancy1 y "k4 ,sir ,jo%ua 0 ( op9ion
 t ! grey t9ts 9 ! fle% ( ,titian's     
pictures 7 obta9$ by scumbl+ cool t9ts  
ov] w>m ones2 & o!rs pref] comm5c+ 9 a  
cool grey mann]1 & leav+ ! greys = !    
middle t9ts1 :il/ !y pa9t ^u ! lights ) 
w>m] col\rs1 also enri*+ ! %ad[s ) w>m] 

& deep] col\rs too4 ,b = my own "p1 ,i h
 always ?\ght x a good way to consid] ! 
fle% z compos$ ( diff]5t col\r$ network 
laid ov] ea* o!r1 z is really ! case 9  
nature1 & may be se5 by ^? :o w take !  
pa9s to look c>efully into x4           
,nor?cote4   ,,clii  ,! utmo/ beauty (  
col\r+ dep5ds on ! great pr9ciple ( v>y+
 by all ! means ( v>y+1 & on ! prop] &  
artful union ( t v>iety4  ,i am apt to  
believe t ! n kn[+ nature's artful &    
intricate me?od ( unit+ col\rs = !      
production ( ! v>iegat$ composition1 or 
prime t9t ( fle%1 ha? made col\r+1 9 !  
art ( pa9t+1 a k9d ( my/]y 9 all ages2  
insomu*1 t x may fairly be said1 out ( !
 _m ?\s&s :o h lab\r'd to atta9 x1 n    
above t5 or twelve pa9t]s h happily     
succe$$ !re92 ,correggio 7:o liv$ 9 a   
c\ntry village1 & _h no?+ b ! life to   
/udy aft]7 is said almo/ to h /ood alone
 = ?is p>ticul> excell5ce4 ,guido1 :o   
made beauty 8 *ief aim1 0 always at a   
loss ab\t x4 ,p\ss9 sc>ce ev] obta9$ a  
glimpse ( x1 z is manife/ by 8 _m       

diff]5t attempts3 inde$ ,france ha? n   
produc$ "o rem>kable good col\ri/4      
,rub5s boldly1 & 9 a ma/]ly mann]1 kept 
8 bloom t9ts bright1 sep>ate1 & di/9ct1 
b sometimes too mu* s = easel or cab9et 
pictures2 h[ev]1 8 mann] 0 admirably    
well calculat$ = great works1 to be se5 
at a consid]able di/ance1 su* z 8       
celebrat$ ceil+ at ,:itehall ,*apel3 :i*
 ^u a ne>] view w illu/rate :at ,i h    
advanc'd ) reg>d to ! sep>ate brightness
 ( ! t9ts2 & %ew1 :at inde$ is kn[n to e
 pa9t]1 t _h ! col\rs !re se5 s bright &
 sep>ate be5 all smoo?'d & absolutely   
bl5d$ toge!r1 !y w\ld h produc$ a dirty 
grey in/ead ( fle%-col\r4 ,! difficulty 
!n lies 9 br++ blue1 ! ?ird orig9al     
col\r1 into fle%1 on acc\nt ( ! va/     
v>iety introduc$ !reby2 & ?is omitt$1   
all ! difficulty ceases2 & a common     
sign-pa9t] t lays 8 col\rs smoo?1       
in/antly becomes1 9 po9t ( col\r+1 a    
,rub5s1 a ,titian1 or a ,correggio4     
,hog>?4   ,,cliii  ,,copy ,,on ,,canvas 
,,9 ,,oil ,,( ,,! ,,doria ,,correggio   

,,9 ,,! ,,palazzo ,,pasqua  ,x seems    
pa9t$ 9 7_!7 juicy1 fat col\r1 ! p>ts   
complet$ "o aft] ano!r ^u ! b>e pannel1 
! same z frescoes ^u ! flatt5$ wall4    
,simplicity ( t9t & ( col\r prevails2 no
 /a9+ or mottl$ v>ieties3 ! fle%1 bo? 9 
light & %ad[1 is produc$ by "o mix$ up  
t9t s melt$ t no m>k ( ! bru% is se54   
,!re is "h no scrat*+ or scumbl+--no    
repetitions2 all seems prep>$ at once = 
! glaze1 :i*1 simple z ! pa9t+ is1 gives
 to x ) fe>less h& ! ri*ness & gl[ (    
,correggio4 ,all imitations ( ?is ma/]  
are complicat$ comp>$ to ?is1 & h[      
complicat$ & ab/ruse does x make all    
attempts ( ! pres5t day to give simil>  
effects 9 col\r+6 ,"h is "o figure 9    
outl9e ^u ! prep>$ bo>d1 ) ev5 !        
f+]-m>ks 9 col\r ( ! pa9t] himself4 ,"h 
is ! prep>ation ( ! figures pa9t$ up at 
once1 &1 /range to say1 ) solid & ev5   
sunny col\rs4 ,"h are ! heads ( a woman 
& ( a nak$ *ild1 complet$ ) ! full ze/ &
 tone ( ,correggio1 9 texture f9e1 & 9  
expression ri* & luxuri\s1 & z f9e an   

example ( 8 p[]s z any "p to be f\nd 9 8
 mo/ celebrat$ "w4  ,wilkie4   ,,cliv   
,9 a mod]n exhibition pictures lose by  
tone at fir/ glance1 b 9 ! ,l\vre       
pictures ga9$1 & ,titian1 ,correggio1   
,rub5s1 ,cuyp1 & ,rembr&t combat$ ev]y?+
 by ! dep? ( _! tones2 & "o /ill hopes  
t1 :5 ton+ is successfully done1 x w    
prevail4  ,y h n[ got y\r exhibition op5
 9 ,ed9burgh3 d y f9d tone & dep? an    
advantage !re or n8 ,pa9t+ bright & raw1
 if "o c f9d 9 8 he>t to l[] & glaze x  
aft]w>ds1 is always satisfactory2 b     
unless /r5g? c be comb9$ ) ?is1 x w nev]
 be ! fa%ion 9 our days4  ,wilkie4      
,,clv  ,i w5t into ! ,national ,gall]y &
 refre%$ myself ) a look at ! pictures4 
,"o impression ,i _h 0 ( h[ mu* m       
importance ! tone ( !m is ?an ! actual  
t9t ( any "p ( !m4 ,i look$ close into !
 sep>ate col\rs & !y 7 all v lovely 9 _!
 quality--b ! :ole col\r-effect ( a     
picture !n is n v great4 ,x is ! entire 
result ( ! picture t is s wond]ful4 ,i  
pe]$ into ! :ites to see h[ !y 7 made1 &

 x is a/oni%+ h[ little :ite !re w\ld be
 9 a :ite dress--none at all1 9 fact--& 
yet x looks :ite4 ,i w5t aga9 & look$ at
 ! ,van ,eyck1 & saw h[ cle>ly ! l ( x  
is n to be done by me4 ,b he _h _m      
advantages4 ,= "o ?+1 he _h all 8       
objects 9 front ( him to pa9t f4 ,a     
nice1 clean1 neat floor ( fair bo>ds    
well sc\r$1 pretty little dogs & ev]y?+4
 ,no?+ to bo!r ab\t b mak+ good         
portraits--dresses & all else ( exactly 
! "r col\r & %ade ( col\r4 ,b ! tone ( x
 is simply m>vell\s1 & ! beautiful col\r
 ea* little object has1 & ! skill ( x   
all4 ,he p]mits himself extreme d>kness 
?\gh4 ,x's all v well to say x's a      
purple dress--v d>k br[n is m ! col\r ( 
x4 ,& ! black1 no words c describe !    
blackness ( x4 ,b ! l ( x is n = me to  
d--c't be--n to be ?\ght (4  ,z ,i walk$
 ab\t !re ,i ?\ght if ,i _h my life all 
ov] aga91 :at w\ld ,i be/ l to d 9 ! way
 ( mak+ a new />t once m2 x w\ld be to  
try & pa9t m l ! ,italian pa9t]s4 ,& t's
 r happy = a man to feel 9 8 la/        

days--to f9d t he is /ill true to 8 fir/
 impulse1 & doesn't ?9k he has wa/$ 8   
life 9 wrong directions4  ,burne-,jones4
   ,,clvi  ,all pa9t+ consi/s (         
sacrifices & p>ti-pris4  ,goya4         
,,clvii  ,9 nature1 col\r exi/s no m ?an
 l9e1--!re is only light & %ade4 ,give  
me a piece ( *>coal1 & ,i w pa9t y\r    
portrait = y4  ,goya4   ,,clviii  ,x    
requires mu* m obs]vation & /udy to     
arrive at p]fection 9 ! %ad[+ ( a       
picture ?an 9 m]ely draw+ ! l9es ( x4 ,!
 pro( ( ?is is1 t ! l9es may be trac$ ^u
 a veil or a flat glass plac$ betwe5 !  
eye & ! object to be imitat$4 ,b t _c be
 ( any use 9 %ad[+1 on acc\nt ( !       
inf9ite gradation ( %ades1 & ! bl5d+ (  
!m :i* does n all[ ( any precise        
t]m9ation2 & mo/ frequ5tly !y are       
confus$1 z w be demon/rat$ 9 ano!r      
place4  ,leon>do4     ,,light ,,& ,,%ade
   ,,clix  ,=get n !re=e t ! pr9cipal "p
 ( ,pa9t+ or ,draw+ aft] ! life consi/e?
 9 ! tru? ( ! l9e1 z "o saye? 9 a place 
t he ha? se5 ! picture ( h] ,maje/y 9   

f\r l9es v l1 mean+ by f\r l9es b ! pla9
 l9es1 z he might z well h said 9 "o    
l9e1 b be/ 9 pla9 l9es )\t %ad[+2 = !   
l9e )\t %ad[ %[e? all to a good         
,judgem5t1 b ! %ad[ )\t l9e %[e? no?+1  
z1 = example1 ?\gh ! %ad[ ( a man aga9/ 
a :ite wall %ewe? l a man1 yet x is n ! 
%ad[ b ! l9e ( ! %ad[1 :i* is s true t x
 resemble? excell5tly well1 z drawn by t
 l9e ab\t ! %ad[ ) a coal1 & :5 ! %ad[  
is gone x w resemble bett] ?an be=e1 &  
may1 if x be a fair face1 h sweet       
c\nt5ance ev5 9 ! l9e2 = ! l9e only     
give? ! c\nt5ance1 b bo? l9e & col\r    
give? ! lively lik5ess1 & %ad[s %ew !   
r\ndness & ! effect or ,defect ( ! light
 :]e9 ! picture 0 drawn4 ,?is makes me  
to rememb] ! words also & reason+ ( h]  
,maje/y :5 fir/ ,i came 9 h] highness'  
pres5ce to draw1 :o aft] %ew+ me h[ %e  
not$ great diff]5ce ( %ad[+ 9 ! works & 
,div]sity ( ,draw]s ( sundry nations1 & 
t ! ,italians :o _h ! "n to be cunn+e/ &
 to ,draw be/1 %ad[$ n4 ,requir+ ( me ! 
reason ( x1 see+ t be/ to %ew oneself   

ne$e? no %ad[ ( place b r ! op5 light1  
to :i* ,i grant$1 affirm$ t %ad[s 9     
pictures 7 inde$ caus$ by ! %ad[ ( !    
place or com+ 9 ( ! light at only "o way
 into ! place at "s small or high w9d[1 
:i* _m workm5 covet to "w 9 = ease to _!
 sight1 & to give unto !m a gross] l9e &
 a m app>5t l9e to be des]v$1 & make? ! 
"w imborse well & %[ v well af> (f1 :i* 
to ,limn+ "w ne$e? n1 because x is to be
 view$ ( necessity 9 h& ne> unto ! ,eye4
 ,"h h] ,maje/y conceiv$ ! reason1 &    
!re=e *ose h] place to sit 9 = t purpose
 9 ! op5 alley ( a goodly g>d51 :]e no  
tree 0 ne> nor any %ad[ at all1 save t z
 ! ,heav5 is light] ?an ! e>?1 s mu/ t  
little %ad[ t 0 f ! e>?2 ?is h]         
,maje/y's curi\s ,dem& ha? greatly      
bett]$ my ,judgem5t1 besides div]s o!r l
 que/ions 9 ,art by h] mo/ excell5t     
,maje/y1 :i* to speak or write ( 7 fitt]
 = "s bett] cl]k4 ,?is matt] only ( !   
light let me p]fect t no wise man long] 
rema9 9 ,error ( prais+ mu* %ad[s 9     
pictures :i* are to be view$ 9 h&2 great

 pictures high or f> (f ,require h>d    
%ad[s to become ! bett] !n ne>] 9 /ory  
"w bett] ?an pictures ( ! life2 = beauty
 & good fav\r is l cle> tru?1 :i* is n  
%ad[$ ) ! light nor made to be obscur$1 
z a picture a little %ad[$ may be borne 
)al = ! r\nd+ ( x1 b s greatly smutt$ or
 ,d>k5$ z "s use ,disgrace x1 & 9 l tru?
 ill told1 if a v well fav\r$ woman %[ 9
 a place :]e is great %ad[1 yet %[e? %e 
lovely n because ( ! %ad[ b because ( h]
 sweet fav\r consi/+ 9 ! l9e or         
proportion1 ev5 t little :i* ! light    
sc>cely %[e? greatly please?1 prov+ !   
,desire to see m4  ,ni*olas ,hilli>d4   
,,clx  ,! lights ca/ f small w9d[s also 
pres5t a /rong contra/ ( light & %ad[1 m
 especially if ! *amb] lit by !m is     
l>ge2 & ?is is n good to use 9 pa9t+4   
,leon>do4   ,,clxi  ,:5 y are draw+ f   
nature ! light %\ld be f ! nor?1 s t x  
may n v>y2 & if x is f ! s\? keep ! w9d[
 cov]$ ) a curta9 s t ?\gh ! sun %9e ^u 
x all day long ! light w und]go no      
*ange4 ,! elevation ( ! light %\ld be   

su* t ea* body ca/s a %ad[ on ! gr\nd   
:i* is ( ! same l5g? z its height4      
,leon>do4   ,,clxii  ,above all let !   
figures t y pa9t h suffici5t light & f  
above1 t is1 all liv+ p]sons :om y pa9t1
 = ! p :om y see 9 ! /reets are all     
light$ f above2 & ,i w\ld h y "k t y h  
no acqua9tance s intimate b t if ! light
 fell on him f bel[ y w\ld f9d x        
difficult to recognise him4  ,leon>do4  
,,clxiii  ,if by accid5t x %\ld happ51 t
 :5 draw+ or copy+ 9 *apels1 or col\r+ 9
 o!r unfav\rable places1 y _c h ! light 
on y\r left h&1 or 9 y\r usual mann]1 be
 sure to give relief to y\r figures or  
design accord+ to ! arrangem5t ( ! w9d[s
 :i* y f9d 9 ^! places1 :i* h to give y 
light1 & ?us accommodat+ y\rself to !   
light on :i* side soev] x may be1 give !
 prop] lights & %ad[s4 ,or if x 7 to    
happ5 t ! light %\ld ent] or %9e "r     
opposite or full 9 y\r face1 make y\r   
lights & %ades accord+ly2 or if ! light 
%\ld be fav\rable at a w9d[ l>g] ?an !  
o!rs 9 ! above-m5tion$ places1 adopt    

always ! be/ light1 & try to und]/& &   
foll[ x c>efully1 because1 want+ ?is1   
y\r "w w\ld be )\t relief1 a fooli% ?+  
)\t ma/]y4  ,c5n9o ,c5n9i4   ,,clxiv  ,y
 h he>d ab\t ,m]l9's magic art2 "h 9    
,v5ice y may see t ( ,titian1           
,giorgione1 & all ! o!rs4 ,9 ! ,palazzo 
,b>b>igo we w5t to ! room :i* is said to
 h be5 ,titian's /udio = "s "t4 ,! w9d[ 
faces ! s\?1 & ! sun is %9+ on ! floor  
by two o'clock4 ,?is made u ?9k1 :e!r y 
%\ld n1 aft] all1 let ! sun be !re :ile 
y are pa9t+4 ,a temp]ate sunlight 9 !   
room makes ! lights gold51 & ?r\gh ! _m1
 cross+1 w>m reflections ! %ad[s get    
cle>] & m transp>5t4 ,b ! difficulty is 
to "k h[ to deal ) su* a %imm]2 x is    
easi] to pa9t ) ! light com+ f ! nor?4  
,on ! o!r h&1 y see t ! ,v5etians nev]  
tri$ to r5d] 9 pa9t+ ! impression (     
real1 op5 sunlight4 ,_! delicate s5se ( 
col\r f\nd a great] delight 9 look+ at !
 f9e fus$ tones & %ades :i* are se5 :5 !
 sunlight is only reflect$ "u ! cle>    
blue sky & betwe5 ! high palaces4       

,!re=e1 y (t5 ?9k t y see1 = in/ance1   
gr\ps ( gondoli]s on ! ,piazzetta 9 gay 
silv]y notes1 z 9 any pa9t+ by ,paolo   
,v]onese2 & 9 ! w>m daylight 9 ! great1 
gorge\s halls ( ! ,palazzo ,ducale !re  
are /ill figures walk+ ab\t 9 a col\r z 
gold5 & fre% z if !y 7 pa9t+s by        
,titian4  ,e4 ,lundgr54                 
,,portraiture   ,,clxv  ,pa9t+ ! face ( 
a pretty "y girl is l c>v+ a portrait 9 
silv]4 ,!re may be great elaboration1 b 
no lik5ess w be =?com+4 ,x is bett] to  
put ! elaboration into ! "y lady's      
clo!s1 & tru/ to a t\* "h & a /roke !re 
to br+ out h] beauty z x really is4  ,ku
 ,k'ai-,*ih 7,*9ese1 f\r? c5tury74      
,,clxvi  ,portraiture may be great art4 
,!re is a s5se1 inde$1 9 :i* x is p]haps
 ! greate/ art ( any4 ,& portraiture    
involves expression4 ,q true1 b         
expression ( :at8 ,( a passion1 an      
emotion1 a mood8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,pa9t a man
 or a woman ) ! damn$ pleas+ expression1
 or ev5 ! *>m+ly spontane\s s de> to !  
photographic arti/1 & y see at once t ! 

?+ is a mask1 z silly z ! old tragic &  
comic mask4 ,! only expression all[able 
9 great portraiture is ! expression ( "*
 & moral quality1 n ( any?+ tempor>y1   
fleet+1 & accid5tal4 ,ap>t f portraiture
 y don't want ev5 s mu*1 or v seldom3 9 
fact1 y only want types1 symbols1       
sugge/ions4 ,! mom5t y give :at p call  
expression1 y de/roy ! typical "* (     
heads & degrade !m into portraits :i* /&
 = no?+4  ,burne-,jones4   ,,clxvii  ,x 
produces a magnific5t effect to place   
:ole figures & gr\ps1 :i* are 9 %ade1   
aga9/ a light field4 ,! contr>y1 i4e4   
figures t are 9 light aga9/ a d>k field1
 _c be s p]fectly express$1 because e   
illum9at$ figure1 ) or )\t a side light1
 w h "s %ade4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ?is is
 :5 ! object s treat$ happ5 to be v     
fair1 ) o!r objects reflect+ into _!    
%ades4       ,%ade aga9/ %ade is        
indef9ite4 ,light & %ade aga9/ %ade     
are m$iate4 ,light aga9/ %ade is        
p]spicu\s4 ,light & %ade      aga9/     
light is m$iate4 ,light aga9/ light is  

indef9ite or      indi/9ct4  ,edw>d     
,calv]t4   ,,clxviii  ,mo/ ( ! ma/]s h  
_h a way1 slavi%ly imitat$ by _! s*ools 
& foll[+1 ( exagg]at+ ! d>kness ( !     
backgr\nds :i* !y give _! portraits4 ,!y
 ?\ght 9 ?is way to make ! heads m      
int]e/+1 b ?is d>kness ( backgr\nd1 9   
conjunction ) faces light$ z we see !m 9
 nature1 deprives ^! portraits ( t "* ( 
simplicity :i* %\ld be dom9ant 9 !m4    
,?is d>kness places ! objects int5d$ to 
be ?r[n into relief 9 q abnormal        
conditions4 ,is x natural t a face se5 9
 light %\ld /& out aga9/ a really d>k   
backgr\nd--t is to say1 "o :i* receives 
no light8 ,ought n ! light :i* falls on 
! figure to fall also on ! wall1 or !   
tape/ry aga9/ :i* ! figure /&s8 ,unless 
x %\ld happ5 t ! face /&s out aga9/     
drap]y ( an extremely d>k tone--b ?is   
condition is v r>e1 or aga9/ ! entrance 
( a cav]n or cell> entirely depriv$ (   
daylight--a circum/ance /ill r>]--!     
me?od _c b appe> factiti\s4  ,! *ief *>m
 9 a portrait is simplicity4 ,i d n c\nt

 among true portraits ^? 9 :i* ! aim has
 be5 to idealise ! features ( a fam\s   
man :5 ! pa9t] has to recon/ruct ! face 
f traditional lik5esses2 !re1 inv5tion  
rightly plays a "p4 ,true portraits are 
^? pa9t$ f contempor>ies4 ,we l to see  
!m on ! canvas z we meet !m 9 daily     
life1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld be p]sons (      
em95ce & fame4  ,delacroix4   ,,clxix   
,v]e/*ag9 says ! old-fa%ion$ way ( sett+
 a portrait-head aga9/ a d>k gr\nd is n 
only unnecess>y1 b be+ usually untrue :5
 a p]son is se5 by daylight1 %\ld be    
explod$ z false & unreal4 ,b x is c]ta9 
a light g>i% backgr\nd beh9d a pa9t$    
head w n p]mit t head to h ! importance 
x %\ld h 9 reality1 :5 ! actual facts1  
solidity1 movem5t1 play ( light & %ad[1 
p]sonal k ( ! individual or 8 hi/ory1   
jo9$ to ! effects ( diff]5t planes1     
di/ances1 mat]ials1 c41 w comb9e to     
inve/ ! reality ) int]e/s ! mo/ subtle &
 dext]\s arti/ic contrivances _c compete
 )1 & :i* c]ta9ly ! arti/ _c ) reason be
 ask$ to resign4 ,a s5se ( ! p[] ( an   

autocrat1 f ^: lips "o might be await+  
consignm5t to a dungeon or dea?1 w\ld be
 z mu* felt if he /ood 9 front ( !      
commone/ wall-pap]1 9 ! commone/        
lodg+-h\se1 9 ! meane/ wat]+-place1 b no
 su* impressions c\ld be convey$ by !   
pa9t] :o depict$ su* surr\nd+s4 ,la/ly1 
,i mu/ /rongly diss5t f ! op9ion rec5tly
 express$ by "s1 t seems to imply t a   
portrait-picture ne$ h no int]e/ except+
 9 ! figure1 & t ! backgr\nd _h bett] be
 )\t any4 ,?is may be a good pr9ciple = 
produc+ an effect on ! walls ( an       
exhibition-room1 :]e ! surr\nd+s are    
incongru\s & inh>moni\s2 an intellectual
 or beautiful face %\ld be m int]e/+ ?an
 any accessories ! arti/ c\ld put into !
 backgr\nd4 ,no am\nt ( elaboration 9 ! 
backgr\nd c\ld di/urb ! att5tion ( any  
"o look+ at ! portrait ( ,julius !      
,second by ,raphael1 also 9 ! ,tribune1 
:i* ,i _c help ?9k+ is ! f9i%$ portrait 
9 ! _w4 ,a portrait is ! mo/ truly      
hi/orical picture1 & ?is ! mo/ monum5tal
 & hi/orical ( portraits4 ,! long] "o   

looks at x ! m x dem&s att5tion4 ,a     
sup]ficial picture is l a sup]ficial    
"*--x may d = an acqua9tance1 b n = a   
fri5d4 ,"o nev] gets to ! end ( ?+s to  
int]e/ & admire 9 _m old                
portrait-pictures4  ,watts4             
,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,van ,eyck ,,portrait 
,,( ,,! ,,arti/',s ,,wife ,bruckmann    
,,clxx  ,!re is "o po9t t has always =c$
 itself ^u me /rongly 9 comp>+ !        
portrait-pa9t+ qualities ( ,rembr&t &   
,velasquez4 ,9 ,rembr&t ,i see a        
delightful human sympa?y betwe5 himself 
& 8 sitt]s2 he is always m int]e/$ 9 t  
"p ( !m :i* con=ms to "s great c5tral   
human type1 & is comp>atively un9t]e/$ 9
 ^? little di/9ctions :i* delight !     
c>icaturi/ & are ! ess5ce ( t mu*       
applaud$ quality1 ! cat*+ ( a lik5ess4  
,i don't believe he 0 a v good cat*] (  
lik5esses1 b ,i am sure 8 r5d]+ 0 !     
bigge/ & fulle/ side ( t man--!re is    
always a f9e ironical appreciation ( "* 
m\ld$ by circum/ance2 :]eas 9 ,velasquez
 ,i f9d ! o!r ?+4  ,c4 ,w4 ,furse4      

,,clxxi  ,i h wi%$ to oblige ! behold]1 
on look+ at ! portrait1 to ?9k :olly ( !
 face 9 front ( him1 & no?+ ( ! man :o  
pa9t$ x4 ,& x is my op9ion t ! arti/ :o 
pa9ts portraits 9 ?is way ne$ h no fe> (
 ! pitfall ( mann]ism ei!r 9 treatm5t or
 t\*4  ,watts4   ,,clxxii  ,let u 444   
exam9e mod]n portraits4 ,i %ut my eyes &
 ?9k ( ^? full l5g?s 9 ! ,new ,gall]y & 
! ,academy1 :i* ,i h n se5 ?is ye>1 b ^:
 e detail is famili> to me4 ,y w f9d t a
 uni=m light /ret*es f _! *9s to _!     
toes2 9 all probability ! backgr\nd is a
 slab ( grey into ^: ins5sitive surface 
nei!r light nor air p5etrates2 or p]haps
 t mo/ (f5sive portrait-pa9t]'s prop]ty1
 a %am room 9 :i* none ( ! furniture has
 be5 se5 9 its prop] relation ( light to
 ! face1 b has be5 muzz$ 9 ) slipp]y    
ins9c]ity1 & ) an amiable hope t x may  
take its place beh9d ! figure4 ,! face1 
9 all b "o or two portraits1 w lack     
def9ition ( plane--w be flat & flabby4  
,a :ite spot on ! nose & high light on !
 =ehead w s]ve = modell+2 little or no  

attempt w h be5 made to get a light :i* 
w help ! obs]v] to conc5trate on ! head1
 or give ! head its full measure (      
rotundity--y\r eyes w w&] aimlessly f   
*eek to *iffon1 f gl9t+ sat9 to ! patt]n
 on ! floor1 =getful ( ! purpose ( !    
portrait1 & only arre/$ by "s dab ( p9k 
or mauve1 :i* w rem9d y t ! arti/ is    
develop+ a some:at irrelevant col\r     
s*eme4  ,= solidity1 = ! realisation ( !
 great con/ructive planes ( ?+s1 = t    
elem5t ( sculpture :i* exi/s 9 all good 
pa9t+1 y w look 9 va94 ,i am sure t 9 an
 av]age ,academy !re are n ?ree real    
attempts to get ! values--t is1 !       
inevitable relation ( objects 9 light & 
%ade t mu/ exi/ "u any circum/ances--& n
 "o attempt to contrive an artificial   
composition ( light & %ade :i* %all     
conc5trate ! att5tion ( ! spectator on !
 crucial po9t1 & %all introduce ^!      
delightful effects ( d>k ?+s aga9/ light
 & light aga9/ d>k1 :i* l5d su* ri*ness 
& v>iety ( tone & su* vitality (        
con/ruction to ,titian1 ,rembr&t1 &     

,reynolds4 ,if we turn = a mom5t to !   
,national ,gall]y & look at             
,ga9sbor\gh's ,baillie ,family1 or      
,reynolds' ,?ree ,ladies decorat+ ! ,t]m
 ( ,hym51 we see at once ! diff]5ce2 9  
,ga9sbor\gh's case ! gr\p is 9 a mell[  
flood ( light1 !re are no /rong %ad[s on
 any ( ! faces1 & none ( ! figures are  
us$ to ca/ %ad[s on o!r figures 9 !     
gr\p2 & yet z y look y see ! :ole light 
( ! picture culm9at+ 9 ! c5tral head ( !
 "m1 ! sides & bottom ( ! picture fade  
(f into artificial %ad[1 exquisitely    
us$1 )\t :i* t glori\s light w\ld h be5 
dissipat$ ov] ! picture1 los+ all its   
effectiv5ess & c>ry+ p[]4 ,see h[ f9ely 
he has und]/ood ! retic5t tones ( ! man 
beh9d1 & h[ admirably ! loosely pa9t$   
conv5tion ( l&scape backgr\nd is made to
 c>ry on ! purely artificial arrangem5t 
( light & %ade4 ,9 ! ,reynolds ! %ad[$  
figure on ! left1 & ! %ad[s t flit      
across ! skirts ( ! o!r two figures1 & !
 f9e relief ( ! d>k trees1 give a       
wond]ful ri*ness ( design to a picture t

 is n 9 o!r respects ( ! highe/ int]e/4 
,c4 ,w4 ,furse4   ,,clxxiii  ,:y h ,i n 
be=e n[ f9i%$ ! m9iature ,i promis$ to  
,mrs4 ,butts8 ,i answ] ,i h n till n[ 9 
any degree pleas$ myself1 & n[ ,i mu/   
entreat y to excuse faults1 = portrait  
pa9t+ is ! direct contr>y to design+ &  
hi/orical pa9t+ 9 e respect4 ,if y h n  
nature be=e y = e t\*1 y _c pa9t        
portrait2 & if y h nature be=e y at all1
 y _c pa9t hi/ory4 ,x 0 ,mi*ael         
,angelo's op9ion & is m9e4  ,blake4     
,,clxxiv  ,i (t5 f9d myself wond]+ :y p 
are s frequ5tly dissatisfi$ ) _!        
portraits1 b ,i ?9k ,i h discov]$ !     
pr9cipal reason--!y are n pleas$ )      
!mselves1 & !re=e _c endure a fai?ful   
repres5tation4 ,i f9d x is ! same )     
myself4 ,i _c be> any portraits (       
myself1 except ^? ( my own pa9t+1 :]e ,i
 h _h ! opportunity ( coax+ !m1 s z to  
suit my own feel+s4  ,nor?cote4         
,,light ,,& ,,%ade   ,,clxxv  ,don't be 
afraid ( spl5d\r ( effect2 no?+ is m    
brilliant1 no?+ m radiant ?an nature4   

,pa9t+ t5ds to become confus$ & to lose 
its p[] to /rike h>d4 ,make ?+s         
monum5tal & yet real2 set d[n ! lights &
 ! %ad[s z 9 reality4 ,heads :i* are all
 9 a half-tone flu%$ ) col\r f a /rong  
sun2 heads 9 ! light1 full ( air &      
fre%ness2 ^! %\ld be a delight to pa9t4 
,*ass]iau4   ,,clxxvi  ,! fir/ object ( 
a pa9t] is to make a simple flat surface
 appe> l a relievo1 & "s ( its p>ts     
deta*$ f ! gr\nd2 he :o excels all o!rs 
9 t "p ( ! art des]ves ! greate/ praise4
 ,?is p]fection ( ! art dep5ds on !     
correct di/ribution ( lights & %ades    
call$ ,*i>o-scuro4 ,if ! pa9t]1 !n1     
avoids %ad[s1 he may be said to avoid ! 
glory ( ! art1 & to r5d] 8 "w despicable
 to real connoisseurs1 = ! sake (       
acquir+ ! e/eem ( vulg> & ignorant      
admir]s ( f9e col\rs1 :o nev] h any k ( 
relievo4  ,leon>do4   ,,clxxvii         
,*i>oscuro1 to use unte*nical language &
 to speak ( x z x is employ$ by all !   
s*ools1 is ! art ( mak+ atmosph]e       
visible & pa9t+ objects 9 an envelope ( 

air4 ,its aim is to create all !        
picturesque accid5ts ( ! %ad[s1 ( !     
half-tones & ! light1 ( relief &        
di/ance1 & to give 9 consequ5ce m       
v>iety1 m unity ( effect1 ( caprice1 & (
 relative tru?1 to =ms z to col\rs4 ,!  
opposite conception is "o m +5u\s &     
ab/ract1 a me?od by :i* "o %[s objects z
 !y are1 se5 close1 ! atmosph]e be+     
suppress$1 & 9 consequ5ce )\t any       
p]spective except ! l9e> p]spective1 :i*
 results f ! dim9ution 9 ! size (       
objects & _! relation to ! horizon4 ,:5 
we talk ( a]iel p]spective we presuppose
 a c]ta9 am\nt ( *i>oscuro4  ,from5t94  
,,clxxviii  ,a pa9t] mu/ /udy 8 picture 
9 e degree ( light2 x is all little     
en\gh4 ,y "k1 ,i suppose1 t ?is p]iod ( 
! day betwe5 daylight & d>kness is call$
 ! pa9t]'s h\r8 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is     
inconv5i5ce att5d+ x1 :i* all[ance mu/  
be made =--! r$s look d>k] ?an by day1  
inde$ almo/ black1 & ! light blues turn 
:ite1 or ne>ly s4 ,?is l[1 fad+ light   
also sugge/s _m useful h9ts z to        

arrangem5t1 f ! circum/ance ( ! da%+s ( 
! bru% 9 a picture b newly comm5c$1     
sugge/+ =ms t 7 n orig9ally int5d$1 b   
:i* (t5 prove mu* f9] ones4 ,ah1        
sometimes ,i see some?+ v beautiful 9 ^!
 =ms2 b !n ,i h su* coax+ to d to get x 
fix$6--= :5 ,i draw ne> ! canvas !      
vision is gone1 & ,i h to g back & creep
 up to x aga9 & aga91 &1 at la/1 to hold
 my bru% at ! utmo/ l5g? ( my arm be=e  
,i c fix x1 s t ,i c avail myself ( x ! 
next day4 ,! way to pa9t a really f9e   
picture is fir/ to pa9t x 9 ! m9d1 to   
imag9e x z /rongly & di/9ctly z         
possible1 & !n to sket* x :ile !        
impression is /rong & vivid4            
,illu/ration3 ,puvis de ,*avannes ,,hope
  ,i h frequ5tly %ut myself up 9 a d>k  
room = h\rs1 or ev5 days1 :5 ,i h be5   
endeav\r+ to imag9e a sc5e ,i 0 ab\t to 
pa9t1 & h nev] /irr$ till ,i _h got x   
cle> 9 my m9d2 !n ,i h sket*$ x z       
quickly z ,i c\ld1 be=e ! impression has
 left me4  ,nor?cote4     ,,decorative  
,,art   ,,clxxix  ,decoration is !      

activity1 ! life ( art1 its             
ju/ification1 & its social utility4     
,bracquemond4   ,,clxxx  ,! true        
function ( pa9t+ is to animate          
wall-spaces4 ,ap>t f ?is1 pictures %\ld 
nev] be l>g] ?an "o's h&4  ,puvis de    
,*avannes4   ,,clxxxi  ,i want big ?+s  
to d & va/ spaces1 & = common p to see  
!m & say ,oh6--only ,oh6  ,burne-,jones4
   ,,clxxxii  ,i insi/ ^u mural pa9t+ = 
?ree reasons--fir/1 because x is an     
ex]cise ( art :i* dem&s ! absolute k    
only to be obta9$ by hone/ /udy1 ! value
 ( :i* no "o c d\bt1 :atev] bran* ( art 
! /ud5t might *oose to foll[ aft]w>ds2  
secondly1 because ! practice w\ld br+   
out t gravity & nobility defici5t 9 !   
,engli% s*ool1 b n 9 ! ,engli% "*1 & :i*
 be+ lat5t might !re=e be br\ght out2 &1
 ?irdly1 = ! sake ( action ^u ! public  
m9d4 ,= public improvem5t x is necess>y 
t works ( /]l+ b simple excell5ce %\ld  
be scatt]$ abroad z widely z possible4  
,at pres5t ! public nev] see any?+      
beautiful except+ 9 exhibition rooms1 :5

 ! novelty ( sight-see+ naturally       
di/urbs ! intellectual p]ceptions4 ,x is
 a melan*oly fact t sc>cely a s+le      
object among/ ^? t surr\nd u has any    
pret5sion to real beauty1 or c\ld be put
 simply into a picture ) noble effect4  
,& z ,i believe ! love ( beauty to be   
inh]5t 9 ! human m9d1 x foll[s t !re mu/
 be "s un=tunate influ5ce at "w2 to     
c\nt]act ?is %\ld be ! object ( a       
f9e-art in/itution1 & ,i feel assur$ if 
really good ?+s 7 scatt]$ among/ ! p1 x 
w\ld n be long be=e satisfactory results
 exhibit$ !mselves4  ,g4 ,f4 ,watts4    
,,clxxxiii  ,i h 444 gone = great masses
 ( light & %ade1 reliev$ aga9/ "o ano!r1
 ! only bright local col\r be+ ! blue ( 
! workm5s' coats & tr\s]s4 ,i h         
int5tionally avoid$ ! :ole bus9ess (    
flat decoration by mak+ ! ?+s "p ( !    
walls1 z "o is told is s important4 ,on 
! contr>y1 ,i h treat$ !m z pictures & h
 tri$ to make holes 9 ! wall--t is1 z f>
 z relief ( /rong light & %ade goes2 9 !
 figures ,i h /ruggl$ to keep a c]ta9   

quality ( bas-relief--t is1 ,i h avoid$ 
di/ant gr\ps--& h wov5 my compositions z
 tightly z ,i c 9 ! v =egr\nd ( !       
pictures1 z )\t ?is ,i felt !y w\ld lose
 _! weight & dignity1 :i* does seem to  
me ! ess5tial bus9ess 9 a mural         
decoration1 & :i* makes ,puvis de       
,*avannes a great decorator f> m ?an 8  
flat mimicry ( fresco does4444          
,t9toretto1 9 ,s4 ,rocco1 is my idea ( !
 big way to decorate a build+2 great    
clu/]$ gr\ps sculptur$ 9 light & %ade   
fill+ ) amaz+ +5uity ( design !         
ar*itectural spaces at 8 disposal3 a f> 
ri*] & m satisfy+ result to me ?an !    
flat & unpr(itable /uff :i* ( late ye>s 
has be5 call$ decoration4444  ,above    
all1 ,i ?or\ghly disbelieve 9 ! cant (  
mural decorations pres]v+ ! flatness ( a
 wall4 ,i see no m]it 9 x :atev]4 ,let  
!m be massive z sculpture1 b let e      
quality ( value & col\r l5d !m dep? &   
vitality1 & ,i am sure ! hall or room w 
be ri*] & nobl] z a result4  ,c4 ,w4    
,furse4   ,,clxxxiv  ,p usually decl>e t

 l&scape is an easy matt]4 ,i ?9k x a v 
difficult "o4 ,= :5ev] y wi% to produce 
a l&scape1 x is necess>y to c>ry ab\t ! 
details1 & "w !m out 9 ! m9d = "s days  
be=e ! bru% may be appli$4 ,j z 9       
composition3 !re is a p]iod ( bitt]     
?\ght ov] ! !me2 & until ?is is resolv$1
 y are 9 ! ?rall ( bonds & gyves4 ,b :5 
inspiration comes1 y break loose & are  
free4  ,a ,*9ese ,pa9t] 7ab\t #acaj     
,a4,d474   ,,clxxxv  ,"o ^w3 !re are    
t5d5cies1 & x is ^! :i* are meant by    
s*ools4 ,l&scape1 above all1 _c be      
consid]$ f ! po9t ( view ( a s*ool4 ,(  
all arti/s ! l&scape pa9t] is ! "o :o is
 9 mo/ direct communion ) nature1 )     
nature's v s\l4  ,paul ,huet4           
,,clxxxvi  ,f :at motives spr+s ! love (
 high-m9d$ m5 = l&scapes8 ,9 8 v nature 
man loves to be 9 a g>d5 ) hills &      
/reams1 ^: wat] makes *e]ful music z x  
glides among ! /ones4 ,:at a delight    
does "o d]ive f su* sights z t ( a      
fi%]man engag+ 9 8 leisurely occupation 
9 a seque/]$ nook1 or ( a woodman fell+ 

a tree 9 a seclud$ spot1 or ( m\nta9    
sc5]y ) sport+ monkeys & cranes6444     
,?\gh impati5t to enjoy a life amid/ !  
luxuries ( nature1 mo/ p are deb>r$ f   
indulg+ 9 su* pleasures4 ,to meet ?is   
want arti/s h endeav\r$ to repres5t     
l&scapes s t p may be able to behold !  
gr&eur ( nature )\t /epp+ out ( _!      
h\ses4 ,9 ?is light1 pa9t+ af=ds        
pleasures ( a nobl] sort by remov+ f "o 
! impati5t desire ( actually obs]v+     
nature4  ,kuo ,hsi 7,*9ese1 elev5?      
c5tury ,a4,d474     ,,l&scape           
,,clxxxvii  ,l&scape is a big ?+1 & %\ld
 be view$ f a di/ance 9 ord] to grasp ! 
s*eme ( hill & /ream4 ,! figures ( m5 & 
wom5 are small matt]s1 & may be spread  
out on ! h& or on a table = exam9ation1 
:5 !y w be tak5 9 at a glance4 ,^? :o   
/udy fl[]-pa9t+ take a s+le /alk & put x
 into a deep hole1 & !n exam9e x f      
above1 ?us see+ x f all po9ts ( view4   
,^? :o /udy bamboo-pa9t+ take a /alk (  
bamboo1 & on a moonlight night project  
its %ad[ on to a piece ( :ite silk on a 

wall2 ! true =m ( ! bamboo is ?us br\ght
 out4 ,x is ! same ) l&scape pa9t+4 ,!  
arti/ mu/ place himself 9 communion ) 8 
hills & /reams1 & ! secret ( ! sc5]y w  
be solv$4444 ,hills )\t cl\ds look b>e2 
)\t wat] !y are want+ 9 fasc9ation2 )\t 
pa?s !y are want+ 9 life2 )\t trees !y  
are dead2 )\t dep?-di/ance !y are %all[2
 )\t level-di/ance !y are ne>2 & )\t    
height-di/ance !y are l[4  ,kuo ,hsi    
7,*9ese1 elev5? c5tury ,a4,d474         
,,clxxxviii  ,i h bru%$ up my ,cottage  
into a pretty look1 & my ,hea? is almo/ 
safe1 b ,i mu/ /& or fall by my ,h\se4  
,i _h on ,friday a long visit f ,m----  
alone2 b my pictures d n come into 8    
rules or :ims ( ! art1 & he said ,i _h  
lo/ my way4 ,i told him t ,i _h p]haps  
o!r notions ( art ?an picture admir]s h 
9 g5]al4 ,i look$ on pictures z ?+s to  
be avoid$1 connoisseurs look$ on !m z   
?+s to be imitat$2 & t1 too1 ) su* a    
def]5ce & humbl5ess ( submission1 am\nt+
 to a total pro/ration ( m9d & orig9al  
feel+2 z mu/ s]ve only to fill ! _w )   

abortions4 ,b he 0 v agreeable1 & ,i    
endur$ ! visit1 ,i tru/1 )\t ! usual    
c\rtesies ( life be+ violat$4  ,:at a   
sad ?+ x is t ?is lovely art is s wre/$ 
to its own de/ruction6 ,us$ only to bl9d
 our eyes1 & to prev5t u f see+ ! sun   
%9e1 ! fields bloom1 ! trees blossom1 & 
f he>+ ! foliage ru/le2 :ile            
old--black--rubb$ out & dirty canvases  
take ! place ( ,god's own works4 ,i long
 to see y4 ,i love to cope ) y1 l       
,jaques1 9 my sull5 moods1 = ,i am n fit
 = ! pres5t _w ( art4444 ,lady ,morley 0
 "h ye/]day4 ,on see+ ! ,h\se1 %e       
exclaim$1 ,h[ fre%1 h[ dewy1 h[         
exhil>at+6 ,i told h] half ( ?is1 if ,i 
c\ld ?9k ,i des]v$ x1 0 wor? all ! talk 
& cant ab\t pictures 9 ! _w4  ,con/able4
   ,,clxxxix  ,a wood all p[d]$ )       
sun%9e1 all ! tones ( ! trees illum9at$ 
& delicate1 ! :ole 9 a mi/ ( sun1 & high
 lights only on ! /ems2 a delici\s1 new1
 & ri* effect4  ,*ass]iau4   ,,cxc  ,!  
=e/s & _! trees give sup]b /rong tones 9
 :i* violet pr$om9ates--above all1 9 !  

%ad[s--& give value to ! gre5 tones ( ! 
grass4 ,! upright /ems %[ b>e ) col\rs z
 ( /ones & ( rocks--grey1 tawny1 flu%$1 
always v lum9\s 7l an agate7 9 !        
reflections3 ! :ole takes a sombre col\r
 :i* vies 9 vig\r ) ! =egr\nd4  ,a      
magnific5t spectacle is t ( m\nta9s     
cov]$ ) ice & sn[1 t[>ds ev5+1 :5 !     
cl\ds roll up & hide _! base4 ,! summits
 may /& out 9 places aga9/ ! sky4 ,!    
blue backgr\nd at su* a "t emphasises ! 
w>m gold col\r ( ! %ad[s1 & ! l[] p>ts  
are lo/ 9 a deep & s9i/] grey4 ,we h se5
 ?is effect at ,k&]/eg4  ,dutilleux4    
,,cxci  ,9 y\r lett] y wi% me to give y 
my op9ion ( y\r picture4 ,i %\ld h lik$ 
x bett] if y _h made x m ( a :ole--t is1
 ! trees /rong]1 ! sky runn+ f !m 9 %ad[
 up to ! opposite corn]2 t might h      
produc$ :at1 ,i ?9k1 x want$1 & h made x
 mu* less a two-picture effect4444 ,i _c
 let y\r sky g (f )\t "s obs]vation4 ,i 
?9k ! "* ( y\r cl\ds too affect$1 t is1 
too mu* ( "s ( our mod]n pa9t]s1 :o     
mi/ake "s ( our great ma/]s2 because !y 

sometimes put 9 "s ( ^? r\nd *>act]s (  
cl\ds1 !y mu/ d ! same2 b if y look at  
any ( _! skies1 !y ei!r assi/ 9 !       
composition or make "s figure 9 !       
picture--nay1 sometimes play ! fir/     
fiddle4444  ,bread? mu/ be att5d$ to if 
y pa9t2 b a muscle1 give x bread?4 ,y\r 
do+ ! same by ! sky1 mak+ p>ts broad & (
 a good %ape1 t !y may come 9 ) y\r     
composition1 =m+ "o gr& plan ( light &  
%ade--?is mu/ always please a good eye &
 keep ! att5tion ( ! spectator1 & give  
delight to e "o4  ,trifles 9 nature mu/ 
be ov]look$ t we may h our feel+s rais$ 
by see+ ! :ole picture at a glance1 n   
kn[+ h[ or :y we are s *>m$4 ,i h writt5
 y a long rigm>ole /ory ab\t giv+       
dignity to :atev] y pa9t--,i fe> s long 
t ,i %\ld be sc>cely able to und]/& :at 
,i mean myself4 ,y w1 ,i hope1 take ! w 
= ! de$4  ,old ,crome4   ,,cxcii  ,i am 
mo/ anxi\s to get into my ,london       
pa9t+-room1 = ,i d n consid] myself at  
"w unless ,i am be=e a six-foot canvas4 
,i h done a good deal ( sky+1 = ,i am   

det]m9$ to conqu] all difficulties1 & t 
among ! re/4 ,& n[1 talk+ ( skies1 x is 
amus+ to u to see h[ admirably y fight  
my battles2 y c]ta9ly take ! be/        
possible gr\nd = gett+ y\r fri5d out ( a
 scrape 7! example ( ! ,old ,ma/]s74 ,t 
l&scape pa9t] :o does n make 8 skies a v
 mat]ial "p ( 8 composition neglects to 
avail himself ( "o ( 8 greate/ aids4    
,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 speak+ ( !       
l&scapes ( ,titian1 ( ,salvator1 & (    
,claude1 says3 ,ev5 _! skies seem to    
sympa?ise ) _! subjects4 ,i h (t5 be5   
advis$ to consid] my sky z a :ite %eet  
?r[n beh9d ! objects4 ,c]ta9ly1 if ! sky
 is obtrusive1 z m9e are1 x is bad2 b if
 x is evad$1 z m9e are n1 x is worse2 x 
mu/ & always %all ) me make an effectual
 "p ( ! composition4 ,x w be difficult  
to "n a class ( l&scape 9 :i* ! sky is n
 ! keynote1 ! /&>d ( scale1 & ! *ief    
organ ( s5tim5t4 ,y may conceive1 !n1   
:at a :ite %eet w\ld d = me1 impress$ z 
,i am ) ^! notions1 & !y _c be errone\s4
 ,! sky is ! s\rce ( light 9 nature1 &  

gov]ns ev]y?+2 ev5 our common           
obs]vations on ! wea!r ( e day are      
altoge!r sugge/$ by x4 ,! difficulty (  
skies 9 pa9t+ is v great1 bo? z to      
composition & execution2 because1 ) all 
_! brilliancy1 !y ought n to come =w>d1 
or1 inde$1 be h>dly ?\ght ( any m ?an   
extreme di/ances are2 b ?is does n apply
 to ph5om5a or accid5tal effects ( sky1 
because !y always attract p>ticul>ly4 ,i
 may say all ?is to y1 ?\gh y d n want  
to be told t ,i "k v well :at ,i am     
ab\t1 & t my skies h n be5 neglect$1    
?\gh !y h (t5 fail$ 9 execution1 no     
d\bt1 f an ov]-anxiety ab\t !m :i* w    
alone de/roy t easy appe>ance :i* nature
 always has 9 all h] movem5ts4          
,con/able4   ,,cxciii  ,he 0 look+ at a 
sev5ty-f\r gun %ip1 :i* lay 9 ! %ad[ "u 
,salta%4 ,! %ip seem$ "o d>k mass4  ,i  
told y t w\ld be ! effect1 said ,turn]1 
ref]r+ to "s previ\s conv]sation4 ,n[1 z
 y p]ceive1 x is all %ade6  ,yes1 ,i    
p]ceive x2 & yet ! ports are !re4  ,we c
 only take :at is visible--no matt] :at 

may be !re4 ,!re are p 9 ! %ip2 we don't
 see !m ?r\gh ! planks4  ,turn]4        
,,cxciv  ,look$ out = l&scapes ?is ev5+2
 b al?\gh all ar\nd "o is lovely1 h[    
little ( x w "w up into a picture6 t is1
 )\t great additions & alt]ations1 :i*  
is a "w ( too mu* "t to suit my purpose 
j n[4 ,i want little subjects t w pa9t  
(f at once4 ,h[ despair+ x is to view ! 
lovel9ess ( nature t[>ds sunset1 & "k ! 
impossibility ( imitat+ x6--at lea/ 9 a 
satisfactory mann]1 z "o c\ld d1 w\ld x 
only rema9 s long en\gh4 ,!n "o feels ! 
want ( a life's /udy1 su* z ,turn]      
devot$ to l&scape2 & ev5 !n :at a bot*  
is any attempt to r5d] x6 ,:at wond]ful 
effects ,i h se5 ?is ev5+ 9 !           
hay-fields6 ,! w>m? ( ! uncut grass1 !  
gre5y greyness ( ! unmade hay 9 furr[s  
or tufts ) lovely violet %ad[s1 & long  
%ades ( ! trees ?r[n a?w>t all1 & melt+ 
away "o t9t into ano!r imp]ceptibly2 &  
"o mom5t m a cl\d passes & all ! magic  
is gone4 ,beg9 to-morr[ morn+1 all is   
*ang$3 ! hay & ! reap]s are gone mo/    

likely2 ! sun too1 or if n1 x is 9 q !  
opposite qu>t]1 & all t 0 lovelie/ is   
all t is tame/ n[1 alas6 ,x is bett] to 
be a poet2 /ill bett] a m]e lov] (      
,nature2 "o :o nev] dreams (            
possession4444  ,=d ,madox ,br[n4       
,,cxcv  ,y %\ld *oose an old tumbl$[n   
wall & ?r[ ov] x a piece ( :ite silk4   
,!n morn+ & ev5+ y %\ld gaze at x1 until
 at l5g? y c see ! ru9 ?r\gh ! silk--its
 prom95ces1 its levels1 its zigzags1 &  
its cleavages1 /or+ !m up 9 ! m9d & fix+
 !m 9 ! eye4 ,make ! prom95ces y\r      
m\nta9s1 ! l[] p>ts y\r wat]1 ! holl[s  
y\r rav9es1 ! cracks y\r /reams1 !      
light] p>ts y\r ne>] po9ts1 ! d>k] p>ts 
y\r m di/ant po9ts4 ,get all ^! ?or\ghly
 into y1 & soon y w see m51 birds1      
plants1 & trees1 fly+ & mov+ among !m4  
,y may !n ply y\r bru% accord+ to y\r   
fancy1 & ! result w be ( heav51 n ( m54 
,sung ,ti 7,*9ese1 elev5? c5tury74      
,,cxcvi  ,by look+ att5tively at old &  
sme>$ walls1 or /ones & ve9$ m>ble (    
v>i\s col\rs1 y may fancy t y see 9 !m  

sev]al compositions--l&scapes1 battles1 
figures 9 quick motion1 /range          
c\nt5ances1 & dresses1 ) an inf9ity (   
o!r objects4 ,by ^! confus$ l9es !      
inv5tive g5ius is excit$ to new         
ex]tions4  ,leon>do4   ,,cxcvii  ,out by
 a qu>t] to eight to exam9e ! riv] ,br5t
 at ,h5don2 a m]e brooklet1 runn+ 9 mo/ 
da9ty s9uosity "u ov]%ad[+ oaks & all   
mann] ( leaf9ess4 ,_m beauties1 & h>d to
 *oose among/1 = ,i _h det]m9$ to make a
 little picture ( x4 ,h[ev]1 ,nature1 t 
at fir/ sight appe>s s lovely1 is on    
consid]ation almo/ always incomplete2   
moreov]1 !re is no pa9t+ int]tangl$     
foliage )\t los+ half its beauties4 ,if 
imitat$ exactly x c only be done z se5 f
 "o eye1 & q flat & confus$ !re=e4  ,=d 
,madox ,br[n4   ,,cxcviii  ,to gaze ^u !
 cl\ds ( autumn1 a so>+ exaltation 9 !  
s\l2 to feel ! spr+ breeze /irr+ wild   
exultant ?\ghts2--:at is !re 9 !        
possession ( gold & jewels to comp>e )  
delights l ^!8 ,& !n1 to unroll !       
portfolio & spread ! silk1 & to transf] 

to x ! glories ( flood & fell1 ! gre5   
=e/1 ! bl[+ w9ds1 ! :ite wat] ( ! ru%+  
cascade1 z ) a turn ( ! h& a div9e      
influ5ce desc5ds ^u ! sc5e4 ,^! are !   
joys ( pa9t+4  ,wang ,wei 7,*9ese1 fif? 
c5tury74   ,,cxcix  ,9 ! room :]e ,i am 
writ+ !re are hang+ up two beautiful    
small draw+s by ,coz5s3 "o1 a wood1     
close1 & v solemn2 ! o!r1 a view f      
,vesuvius look+ ov] ,portici--v lovely4 
,i borr[$ !m f my neighb\r1 ,mr4        
,woodburn4 ,coz5s 0 all poetry1 & y\r   
draw+ is a lovely specim54  ,con/able4  
,c,x,c,i,xa  ,selection is ! inv5tion ( 
! l&scape pa9t]4  ,fuseli4   ,,cc       
,don't imag9e t ,i d n l ,corot's       
picture1 ,la ,prairie avec le fosse2 on 
! contr>y we ?\ght1 ,r\sseau & ,i1 t x  
w\ld be a pity to h "o picture )\t !    
o!r1 ea* makes s lively an impression ( 
its own4 ,y are p]fectly "r 9 lik+ !    
picture v mu*4 ,:at p>ticul>ly /ruck u 9
 ! o!r "o 0 t x has 9 an especial degree
 ! look ( be+ done by "s "o :o knew no?+
 ab\t pa9t+ b :o _h done 8 be/1 fill$ ) 

a great long+ to pa9t4 ,9 fact1 a       
spontane\s discov]y ( ! art6 ,^! are bo?
 v beautiful ?+s4 ,we w talk ab\t !m1 = 
9 writ+ "o nev] gets to ! end4  ,millet4
   ,,cci  ,,to ,,r\sseau  ,! day aft] ,i
 left y ,i w5t to see y\r exhibition4444
 ,to-day ,i assure y t 9 spite ( kn[+   
y\r /udies ( ,auv]gne & ^? e>li] ones1  
,i 0 /ruck once m 9 see+ !m all toge!r  
by ! fact t a =ce is a =ce f its fir/   
beg9n+s4  ,) ! v e>lie/ y %[ a fre%ness 
( vision :i* leaves no d\bt z to !      
pleasure y took 9 see+ nature1 & "o sees
 t %e spoke directly to y1 & t y saw h] 
?r\gh y\r own eyes4  ,y\r "w is y\r own 
et non de l'aultruy1 z ,montaigne says4 
,don't ?9k ,i mean to g ?r\gh ev]y?+ (  
y\rs bit by bit1 d[n to ! pres5t mom5t4 
,i only wi% to m5tion ! />t+ po9t1 :i*  
is ! important ?+1 because x %[s t a man
 is born to 8 call+4  ,f ! beg9n+ y 7 ! 
little oak :i* w gr[ into a big oak4    
,!re6 ,i mu/ tell y once m h[ mu* x mov$
 me to see all ?is4  ,millet4   ,,ccii  
,i don't "k if ,corot is n great] ?an   

,delacroix4 ,corot is ! fa!r ( mod]n    
l&scape4 ,!re is no l&scape pa9t] (     
to-day :o--kn[+ly or n--does n d]ive f  
him4 ,i h nev] se5 a picture ( ,corot's 
:i* 0 n beautiful1 or a l9e :i* did n   
mean some?+4  ,among mod]n pa9t]s x is  
,corot :o z a col\ri/ has mo/ 9 common )
 ,rembr&t4 ,! col\r s*eme is gold5 ) !  
"o & grey ) ! o!r ?r\gh\t ! :ole h>mony 
( tones4 ,9 appe>ance _! me?ods are !   
opposite ( ea* o!r1 b ! desir$ result is
 ! same4 ,9 a portrait by ,rembr&t all  
details melt into %ad[ 9 ord] t !       
spectator's gaze may be conc5trat$ on a 
s+le "p1 (t5 ! eyes1 & ?is "p is h&l$ m 
c>ess+ly ?an ! re/4  ,corot1 on ! o!r   
h&1 sacrifices ! details :i* are 9 !    
light--! extremities ( trees1 & s on--& 
br+s u always to ! spot :i* he has *os5 
= 8 ma9 appeal to ! spectator's eye4    
,dutilleux4   ,,cciii  ,l&scape has tak5
 refuge 9 ! !atre2 sc5e-pa9t]s alone    
und]/& its true "* & c put x into       
practice ) a happy result4 ,b ,corot8   
,oh t man's s\l reb\nds l a /eel spr+2  

he is no m]e l&scape pa9t]1 b an        
arti/--a real arti/1 & r>e & exceptional
 g5ius4  ,delacroix4   ,,cciv  ,,to     
,,v]wee  ,!re is an ,int]national       
,exhibition at ,petit's n[1 & ,i am %[+ 
"s sea-pieces !re ) great success4 ,!   
exhibition is made up1 ) "o or two      
exceptions1 ( "y m54 ,!y are v clev]1 b 
all alike2 !y foll[ a fa%ion--!re is no 
m individuality4 ,ev]ybody pa9ts1       
ev]ybody is clev]4  ,illu/ration3       
,raphael ,,! ,,mass ,,( ,,bols5a        
7,detail7 ,&]son  ,we %all end by ador+ 
,j4 ,dupre4 ,i don't always l him1 b he 
has individuality4  ,too _m pa9t]s1 my  
de> fell[1 & too _m exhibitions6 ,b y   
see1 at my age1 ,i'm n afraid ( %[+ my  
pictures among ! "y m5's sometimes4     
,yet ,i hate exhibitions2 "o c h>dly ev]
 judge ( a picture !re4  ,alfr$ ,/ev5s4 
,,italian ,,ma/]s   ,,ccv  ,!re is      
some?+ 444 9 ^? deities ( intellect 9 ! 
,si/9e ,*apel t conv]ts ! noble/        
p]sonages ( ,raphael's drama into !     
audi5ce ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 be=e :om y "k

 t1 equally ) y\rself1 !y w\ld /& sil5t 
& awe-/ruck4  ,lawr5ce4   ,,ccvi  ,my   
only disagreem5t ) y w\ld be 9 ! e/imate
 ( 8 comp>ative excell5ce 9 sculpture & 
pa9t+4 ,he call$ himself sculptor1 b we 
seldom gauge rightly our own /r5g? &    
weakness4 ,! pa9t+s 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel   
are to my m9d entirely beyond criticism 
or praise1 n m]ely ) ref]5ce to design &
 execution1 b also = col\r1 "r noble &  
p]fect 9 _! place4 ,i 0 nev] m surpris$ 
?an by ?is quality1 to :i* ,i d n ?9k   
ju/ice has ev] be5 done2 no?+ 9 8       
sculpture comes ne> to ! p]fection ( 8  
,adam or ! maje/y ( ! ,divid+ ! ,light f
 ,d>kness2 8 sculpture lacks ! s]5e     
/r5g? t is f\nd 9 ! ,adam & _m o!r      
figures 9 ! great frescoes4 ,dom9at$ by 
! fi]ce _s ( ,dante1 he 0 less influ5c$ 
by ! grave dignity ( ! ,greek philosophy
 & art ?an might h be5 expect$ f !      
contempor>y & possible pupil (          
,poliziano4 ,9 my e/imate ( him z a     
,sculptor 9 comp>ison ) him z ,pa9t]1 ,i
 am likely to be 9 a m9ority ( "o6 b ,i 

?9k t :5 he is ?\ght ( z a pa9t] 8 e>li]
 pictures are ?\ght (1 & ^! c]ta9ly are 
unwor?y ( him1 b ! ,prophets & ,sibyls  
are ! greate/ ?+s ev] pa9t$4 ,z a rule  
he c]ta9ly insi/s too mu* ^u ! anatomy2 
"s "o said admirably1 ,le>n anatomy1 &  
=get x2 ,mi*ael ,angelo did ! fir/ & n !
 second1 & ! fault ( almo/ all 8 "w is1 
t x is too mu* an anatomical essay4 ,!  
,david is an example ( ?is1 besides be+ 
v faulty 9 proportion1 ) h&s & feet t   
are mon/r\s4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 altoge!r    
bad4 ,! hesitat+ pose is good1 & goes ) 
! sull5 expression ( ! face1 b is n t ( 
! ard5t h]oic boy6  ,?is seems          
presumptu\s criticism2 & y might1       
consid]+ my aspirations & ef=ts1 say to 
me3 ,d bett]6 b ,i am n ,mi*ael ,angelo1
 b ,i am a pupil ( ! greate/ sculptor ( 
all1 ,pheidias 7a ma/] ! great ,flor5t9e
 knew no?+ (71 &1 s f>1 feel a "r to set
 up judgm5t on ! te*nique only4  ,watts4
   ,,ccvii  ,,italian ,,art ,,9 ,,fl&]s 
,z to ,italian art1 "h at ,brussels !re 
is no?+ b a rem9isc5ce ( x4 ,x is an art

 :i* has be5 falsifi$ by ^? :o h tri$ to
 acclimatise x1 & ev5 ! specim5s ( x :i*
 h pass$ into ,fl&]s lose by _! new     
surr\nd+s4 ,:5 9 a "p ( ! gall]y :i* is 
lea/ ,flemi%1 "o sees two portraits by  
,t9toret1 n ( ! fir/ rank1 sadly ret\*$1
 b typical--"o f9ds x difficult to      
und]/& !m side by side ) ,meml+1 ,m>t9  
de ,vos1 ,van ,orley1 ,rub5s1 ,van      
,dyck1 & ev5 ,antonio ,m4 ,x is ! same )
 ,v]onese4 ,he is out ( 8 elem5t2 8     
col\r is lifeless1 x smacks ( ! temp]a  
pa9t]2 8 /yle seems frigid1 8           
magnific5ce unspontane\s & almo/        
bomba/ic4 ,yet ! picture is a sup]b     
piece1 9 8 f9e/ mann]2 a fragm5t ( an   
allegorical triumph tak5 f a ceil+ 9 !  
,ducal ,palace1 & "o ( 8 be/2 b ,rub5s  
is close by1 & t is en\gh to give !     
,rub5s ( ,v5ice an acc5t :i* is n ( ?is 
c\ntry4 ,:i* ( ! two is "r8 ,& li/5+    
m]ely to ! language s admirably spok5 by
 ! two m51 :o %all decide betwe5 !      
correct & le>n$ rhetoric ( ,v5etian     
spee*1 & ! emphatic1 w>mly col\r$1      

gr&iose incorrectness ( ! ,antw]p idiom8
 ,at ,v5ice "o leans to ,v]onese2 9     
,fl&]s "o has a bett] e> = ,rub5s4      
,italian art has ?is 9 common ) all     
p[]ful traditions1 t x is at ! same "t v
 cosmopolitan because x has p5etrat$    
ev]y:]e1 & v l(ty because x has be5     
self-suffici5t4 ,x is at home1 9 all    
,europe1 except 9 two c\ntries2         
,belgium1 ! g5ius ( :i* x has           
appreciably affect$ )\t ev] dom9at+ x2 &
 ,holl&1 :i* once made a %[ ( consult+ x
 b :i* has end$ by pass+ x by2 s t1 :ile
 x is on neighb\rly t]ms ) ,spa91 :ile x
 is en?ron$ 9 ,france1 :]e1 at lea/ 9   
hi/orical pa9t+1 our be/ pa9t]s h be5   
,romans1 x enc\nt]s 9 ,fl&]s two or ?ree
 m51 great m5 ( a great race1 sprung f !
 soil1 :o hold sway !re & h no m9d to   
%>e _! empire ) any o!r4  ,from5t94     
,,ccviii  ,i am nev] tir$ ( look+ at    
,titian's pictures2 !y possess su*      
extreme bread?1 :i* to me is s          
delightful a quality4 ,9 my op9ion !re  
nev] w1 to ! end ( "t1 arise a          

portrait-pa9t] sup]ior to ,titian4 ,next
 to him 9 ?is k9d ( excell5ce is        
,raphael4 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5   
,raphael & ,titian3 ,raphael1 ) all 8   
excell5ce1 possess$ ! utmo/ g5tl5ess2 x 
0 z if he _h said1 ,if ano!r p]son c d  
bett]1 ,i h no objections4 ,b ,titian 0 
a man :o w\ld keep d[n e "o else to !   
utt]mo/2 he 0 det]m9$ t ! art %\ld come 
9 & g out ) himself2 ! expression 9 all 
! portraits ( him told z mu*4 ,:5 any   
/up5d\s "w ( antiquity rema9s ) u--say1 
a build+ or a bridge--! common p _c     
acc\nt = x1 & !y say x 0 erect$ by !    
devil4 ,n[ ,i feel ?is same ?+ 9 reg>d  
to ! works ( ,titian2--!y seem to me z  
if pa9t$ by a devil1 or at any rate f   
inspiration2 ,i _c acc\nt = !m4         
,nor?cote4     ,,nor!rn ,,ma/]s   ,,ccix
  ,raphael1 to be pla9 ) y--= ,i l to be
 c&id & outspok5--does n please me at   
all4 ,9 ,v5ice are f\nd ! good & !      
beautiful2 to _! bru% ,i give ! fir/    
place2 x is ,titian t be>s ! bann]4     
,velasquez4   ,,ccx  ,p]haps "s day ! _w

 w discov] t ,rembr&t is a mu* great]   
pa9t] ?an ,raphael4 ,i write ?is        
blasphemy--"o to make ! hair ( !        
,classici/s /& on end--)\t def9itely    
tak+ a side2 only ,i seem to f9d z ,i   
gr[ old] t ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ r>e ?+ 
9 ! _w is tru?4  ,let u say1 if y w1 t  
,rembr&t has n ,raphael's nobility4 ,yet
 p]haps ?is nobility :i* ,raphael       
manife/s 9 8 l9e is %[n by ,rembr&t 9 ! 
my/]i\s conception ( 8 subjects1 9 !    
pr(\nd naivete ( 8 expressions &        
ge/ures4 ,h[ev] mu* "o may pref] !      
maje/ic emphasis ( ,raphael1 :i* answ]s 
p]haps to ! gr&eur inh]5t 9 c]ta9       
subjects1 "o might ass]t1 )\t be+ /on$  
by m5 ( ta/e--,i mean m5 ^: ta/e is real
 & s9c]e--t ! great ,dut*man 0 m a born 
pa9t] ?an ! /udi\s pupil ( ,p]ug9o4     
,delacroix4   ,,ccxi  ,rembr&t's        
pr9ciple 0 to extract f ?+s "o elem5t   
among ! re/1 or r to ab/ract e elem5t 9 
ord] to conc5trate on ! seizure ( "o    
only4 ,?us 9 all 8 works he has set     
himself to analyse1 to di/il2 or1 9     

bett] phrase1 has be5 metaphysician ev5 
m ?an poet4 ,reality nev] appeal$ to him
 by its g5]al effects4 ,"o might d\bt1 f
 8 way ( treat+ human =ms1 :e!r _!      
envelope int]e/$ him4 ,he lov$ wom51 &  
nev] saw !m o!rwise ?an un%apely2 he    
lov$ textures1 & did n imitate !m2 b !n1
 if he ignor$ grace & beauty1 purity (  
l9e & ! delicacy ( ! sk91 he express$ ! 
nude body by sugge/ions ( suppl5ess1    
r\ndness1 ela/icity1 ) a love ( mat]ial 
sub/ance1 a s5se ( ! live be+1 :i*      
en*ant ! practical pa9t]4 ,he resolv$   
ev]y?+ into its compon5t p>ts1 col\r z  
well z light1 s t1 by elim9at+ !        
complicat$ & cond5s+ ! scatt]$ elem5ts f
 a giv5 sc5e1 he succe$$ 9 draw+ )\t    
outl9e1 9 pa9t+ a portrait almo/ )\t    
/rokes t %[1 9 col\r+ )\t col\r1 9      
conc5trat+ ! light ( ! sol> sy/em into a
 sunbeam4 ,x w\ld be impossible 9 a     
pla/ic art to c>ry ! curiosity = !      
ess5tial to an int5s] pit*4 ,= physical 
beauty he sub/itutes expression ( "*2 = 
! imitation ( ?+s1 _! almo/ complete    

trans=mation2 = /udi\s scrut9y1 !       
speculation ( ! psy*ologi/2 = precise   
obs]vation1 :e!r tra9$ or natural1 !    
visions ( a se] & app>itions ( su*      
vividness t he himself is deceiv$ by !m4
 ,by virtue ( ?is faculty ( second      
sight1 ( intuitions l ^? ( a            
somnambuli/1 he sees f>!r into !        
sup]natural _w ?an any "o else :atev]4  
,! life t he p]ceives 9 dream has a     
c]ta9 acc5t ( ! o!r _w1 :i* makes real  
life seem pale & almo/ cold4 ,look at 8 
,portrait ( a ,woman 9 ! ,l\vre1 two    
paces f ,titian's ,mi/ress4 ,comp>e !   
two wom51 /udy closely ! two pictures1 &
 y w und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two     
bra9s4 ,rembr&t's ideal1 s\ght z 9 a    
dream ) clos$ eyes1 is ,light3 ! nimbus 
ar\nd objects1 ! phosphoresc5ce t comes 
aga9/ a black backgr\nd4 ,x is some?+   
fugitive & unc]ta91 =m$ ( l9eam5ts sc>ce
 p]ceptible1 ready to disappe> be=e !   
eye has fix$ !m1 ephem]al & dazzl+4 ,to 
arre/ ! vision1 to set x on ! canvas1 to
 give x its %ape & m\ld+1 to pres]ve !  

fragility ( its texture1 to r5d] its    
brilliance1 & yet a*ieve 9 ! result a   
solid1 mascul9e1 sub/antial pa9t+1 real 
beyond any o!r ma/]'s "w1 & able to hold
 its own ) a ,rub5s1 a ,titian1 a       
,v]onese1 a ,giorgione1 a ,van          
,dyck--?is is ,rembr&t's aim4 ,has he   
succe$$8 ,! te/imony ( ! _w answ]s =    
him4  ,from5t94   ,,ccxii  ,! pa9t+ (   
,fl&]s w g5]ally satisfy any dev\t p]son
 m ?an ! pa9t+ ( ,italy1 :i* w nev]     
cause him to %$ _m te>s2 ?is is n ow+ to
 ! vig\r & goodness ( t pa9t+1 b to !   
goodness ( su* dev\t p]son2 wom5 w l x1 
especially v old ones or v "y ones4 ,x w
 please likewise fri>s & nuns1 & also "s
 noble p]sons :o h no e> = true h>mony4 
,!y pa9t 9 ,fl&]s1 only to deceive !    
ext]nal eye1 ?+s t gladd5 y & ( :i* y _c
 speak ill1 & sa9ts & prophets4 ,_!     
pa9t+ is ( /uffs--bricks & mort>1 !     
grass ( ! fields1 ! %ad[s ( trees1 &    
bridges & riv]s1 :i* !y call l&scapes1 &
 little figures "h & !re2 & all ?is1    
al?\gh x may appe> good to "s eyes1 is 9

 tru? done )\t reasonabl5ess or art1 )\t
 symmetry or proportion1 )\t c>e 9      
select+ or reject+1 & f9ally1 )\t any   
sub/ance or v]ve2 & 9 spite ( all ?is1  
pa9t+ 9 "s o!r p>ts is worse ?an x is 9 
,fl&]s4 ,nei!r d ,i speak s badly (     
,flemi% pa9t+ because x is all bad1 b   
because x tries to d s _m ?+s at once   
7ea* ( :i* alone w\ld suffice = a great 
"w71 s t x does n d any?+ really well4  
,only works :i* are done 9 ,italy c be  
call$ true pa9t+1 & !re=e we call good  
pa9t+ ,italian2 = if x 7 done s well 9  
ano!r c\ntry1 we %\ld give x ! "n ( t   
c\ntry or prov9ce4 ,z = ! good pa9t+ (  
?is c\ntry1 !re is no?+ m noble or      
dev\t2 = ) wise p]sons no?+ causes      
devotion to be rememb]$1 or to arise1 m 
?an ! difficulty ( ! p]fection :i*      
unites itself ) & jo9s ,god2 because    
good pa9t+ is no?+ else b a copy ( !    
p]fections ( ,god & a rem9d] ( ,8 pa9t+4
 ,f9ally1 good pa9t+ is a music & a     
melody :i* intellect only c appreciate1 
& ) great difficulty4 ,?is pa9t+ is s   

r>e t few are capable ( do+ or atta9+ to
 x4  ,mi*ael ,angelo4   ,,ccxiii  ,all  
,dut* pa9t+ is concave3 :at ,i mean is t
 x is compos$ ( curves describ$ ab\t a  
po9t det]m9$ by ! pictorial int]e/2     
circul> %ad[s r\nd a dom9ant light4     
,design1 col\r+1 & light+ fall into a   
concave s*eme1 ) a /rongly def9$ base1 a
 retreat+ ceil+1 & corn]s r\nd$ &       
conv]g+ on ! c5tre2 :5ce x foll[s t !   
pa9t+ is all dep?1 & t x is f> f ! eye  
to ! objects repres5t$4 ,no type ( pa9t+
 leads ) m c]ta9 directness f ! =egr\nd 
to ! backgr\nd1 f ! frame to ! horizon4 
,"o c live 9 x1 walk 9 x1 see to !      
utt]mo/ ends ( x2 "o is tempt$ to raise 
"o's head to measure ! di/ance ( ! sky4 
,ev]y?+ conspires to ?is illusion3 !    
exactness ( ! a]ial p]spective1 ! p]fect
 h>mony ( col\r & tones ) ! plane on :i*
 ! object is plac$4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! heights
 ( space1 ( ! envelope ( atmosph]e1 ( ! 
di/ant effect1 :i* absorbs ?is s*ool    
makes ! pa9t+ ( all o!r s*ools seem     
flat1 some?+ laid ^u ! surface ( !      

canvas4  ,from5t94   ,,ccxiv  ,9 ,van   
,eyck !re is m /ructure1 m muscle1 m    
blood 9 ! ve9s2 h5ce ! impressive       
virility ( 8 faces & ! /rong /yle ( 8   
pictures4 ,altoge!r he is a             
portrait-pa9t] ( ,holbe9's k9--exact1   
%rewd1 & ) a gift ( p5etration t is     
almo/ cruel4 ,he sees ?+s ) m p]fect    
rightness ?an ,meml+1 & also 9 a bigg] &
 "s summ>y way4 ,! s5sations :i* !      
aspect ( ?+s evokes 9 him are m p[]ful2 
8 feel+ = _! col\r is m int5se2 8       
palette has a fullness1 a ri*ness1 a    
di/9ctness1 :i* ,meml+'s has n4 ,8 col\r
 s*emes are ( m ev5 p[]1 bett] held     
toge!r1 compos$ ( values m cunn+ly f\nd4
 ,8 :ites are fatt]1 8 purple ri*]1 & ! 
indigo blue--t f9e blue z ( old         
,japanese enamel1 :i* is peculi> to     
him--has m dep? ( dye1 m solidity (     
texture4 ,! spl5d\r & ! co/l9ess ( !    
preci\s ?+s1 ( :i* ! sup]b fa%ions ( 8  
"t 7 s lavi%1 appeal$ to him m /rongly4 
,from5t94   ,,ccxv  ,van ,eyck saw ) 8  
eyes1 ,meml+ beg9s to see ) 8 s\l4 ,! "o

 _h a good & a "r ve9 ( ?\ght2 ! o!r    
does n seem to ?9k s mu*1 b he has a    
he>t :i* beats 9 a q diff]5t way4 ,! "o 
copi$ & imitat$1 ! o!r copies too &     
imitates1 b transfigures4 ,! =m]        
reproduc$--)\t any preoccupation ) !    
ideal types ( humanity--above all1 !    
mascul9e types1 :i* pass$ be=e 8 eyes 9 
e rank ( ! society ( 8 "t2 ! latt]      
contemplates nature 9 a rev]ie1         
translates h] ) imag9ation1 dwells ^u   
ev]y?+ :i* is mo/ delicate & lovely 9   
human =ms1 & creates1 above all1 9 8    
type ( woman a be+ exquisite & elect1   
unkn[n be=e & lo/ ) him4  ,from5t9      
,,ccxvi  ,,bruges1 #ahdi  ,?is is a mo/ 
/unn+ place1 immeasurably ! be/ we h    
come to4 ,!re is a quantity ( fir/-rate 
ar*itecture1 & v little or no ,rub5s4   
,b by f> ! be/ ( all are ! miracul\s    
works ( ,meml+ & ,van ,eyck4 ,! =m] is  
"h 9 a /r5g? t q /unn$ u--& p]haps      
proves himself to h be5 a great] man ev5
 ?an ! latt]4 ,9 fact1 he 0 c]ta9ly s   
intellectually1 & q equal 9 me*anical   

p[]4 ,8 greate/ production is a l>ge    
tripty* 9 ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,john1      
repres5t+ 9 its ?ree comp>tm5ts3 fir/ly1
 ! ,decollation ( ,/4 ,john ,bapti/2    
secondly1 ! ,my/ic ,m>riage ( ,/4       
,ca!r9e to ! ,infant ,savi\r2 & ?irdly1 
! ,vision ( ,/4 ,john ,evangeli/ 9      
,patmos4 ,i %all n attempt any          
description2 ,i assure y t ! p]fection (
 "* & ev5 draw+1 ! a/\nd+ f9i%1 ! glory 
( col\r1 &1 above all1 ! pure religi\s  
s5tim5t & ec/atic poetry ( ^! works is n
 to be conceiv$ or describ$4 ,ev5 9 see+
 !m ! m9d is at fir/ bewild]$ by su*    
godlike complet5ess2 & only aft] "s :ile
 has elaps$ c at all analyse ! causes ( 
its awe & admiration2 & !n f9ds ^!      
feel+s s mu* increas$ by analysis t !   
la/ impression left is ma9ly "o ( utt]  
%ame at its own inf]iority4  ,van       
,eyck's picture at ! ,gall]y may give y 
"s idea ( ! /yle adopt$ by ,meml+ 9 ^!  
great pictures2 b ! effect ( light &    
col\r is mu* less poetical 9 ,van       
,eyck's2 p>tly ow+ to 8 be+ a m sob]    

subject & an int]ior1 b p>tly also1 ,i  
believe1 to ! intr9sic sup]iority (     
,meml+'s intellect4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ( !  
fir/ comp>tm5t !re is a l&scape m p]fect
 9 ! ab/ract l(ty feel+ ( nature ?an    
any?+ ,i h ev] se54 ,! visions ( ! ?ird 
comp>tm5t are wond]fully my/ic &        
poetical4  ,rossetti4   ,,ccxvii  ,,van 
,,dyck  ,van ,dyck complet$ ,rub5s by   
add+ to 8 a*ievem5t portraits absolutely
 wor?y ( 8 ma/]'s bru%1 bett] ?an       
,rub5s' own4 ,he creat$ 9 8 own c\ntry  
an art :i* 0 orig9al1 & consequ5tly he  
has 8 %>e 9 ! creation ( a new art4     
,besides ?is he did yet m3 he begot a   
:ole s*ool 9 a =eign c\ntry1 ! ,engli%  
s*ool--,reynolds1 ,lawr5ce1 ,ga9sbor\gh1
 & ,i w\ld add to !m ne>ly all ! g5re   
pa9t]s :o are fai?ful to ! ,engli%      
tradition1 & ! mo/ p[]ful l&scape pa9t]s
 issue directly f ,van ,dyck1 &         
indirectly f ,rub5s ?r\gh ,van ,dyck4   
,^! are high claims4 ,& s po/]ity1      
always j 9 its in/9cts1 gives ,van ,dyck
 a place ap>t betwe5 ! m5 ( ! fir/ & ^? 

( ! second rank4 ,! _w has nev] decid$ !
 exact prec$5ce :i* ought to be 8 9 !   
procession ( ! ma/]s1 & s9ce 8 dea?1 z  
dur+ 8 life1 he seems to h held !       
privilege ( be+ plac$ ne> ! ?rone & (   
mak+ a /ately figure !re4  ,from5t94    
,,spani% ,,pa9t+   ,,ccxviii            
,,velasquez  ,:at we are all try+ to d )
 great lab\r1 he does at once4          
,reynolds4   ,,ccxix  ,saw aga9 to-day !
 ,spani% s*ool 9 ! ,museum1--,velasquez1
 a surpris+ fell[6 ,! ,h]mits 9 a ,rocky
 ,des]t pleas$ me mu*2 also a ,d>k ,wood
 at ,nightfall4 ,he is ,t5i]s on a l>ge 
scale3 8 h&l+ is ( ! mo/ sp>kl+ k9d1 ow+
 mu* ( its dazzl+ effect to ! flatness (
 ! gr\nd x is plac$ ^u4  ,! picture (   
,*ildr5 9 ,grotesque ,dresses1 9 8      
pa9t+-room1 is a surpris+ piece ( h&l+4 
,/ill he w\ld ga91 & inde$ does ga91 :5 
he glazes 8 pictures4 ,he makes no use (
 8 gr\nd2 lights & %ad[s are opaque4    
,*ill9ess & blackness are sometimes !   
result2 & (t5 a cold blue or gre5       
prevails1 requir+ all 8 brilliancy ( t\*

 & tru? ( effect to make tol]able4      
,velasquez1 h[ev]1 may be said to be !  
orig9 ( :at is n[ do+ 9 ,engl&4 ,8 feel+
 !y h caught almo/ )\t see+ 8 works2 :i*
 "h seem to anticipate ,reynolds1       
,romney1 ,raeburn1 ,jackson1 & ev5 ,sir 
,?omas ,lawr5ce4 ,p]haps !re is ?is     
diff]5ce3 he does at once :at we d by   
repeat$ & repeat$ t\*es4  ,x may truly  
be said1 t :]esoev] ,velasquez is       
admir$1 ! pa9t+s ( ,engl& mu/ be        
ackn[l$g$ & admir$ ) him4  ,wilkie4     
,,ccxx  ,,velasquez  ,nev] did any "o   
?9k less ( a /yle or atta9 x m          
consummately4 ,he 0 f> too mu* occupi$ )
 ! div9+ ( ! qualities ( light &        
atmosph]e t envelop$ 8 subjects1 & )    
/at+ ^? tru?s 9 ! mo/ direct & poignant 
way to h "t to sp>e on m]e adornm5ts &  
artifices t amuse u 9 ! "w ( less] m54  
,e /roke 9 ,velasquez means some?+1     
records an obs]vation4 ,y nev] see a    
splodge ( light t ent]ta9s y = a mom5t &
 relapses into *ic z y analyse x2 ev5 ! 
mo/ elusive bits ( pa9t+ l ! sword-hilt 

9 ! ,admiral ,pulido are utt]ly j1 &    
obs]v$ z ! light flick]s & is lo/ ov] ! 
/eel %apes4 ,no "o ev] _h ! faculty (   
obs]v+ ! true "* ( two div]se =ms at !  
same "t z he did4 ,if y look at any     
quilt$ sleeve y w feel ! :ole texture ( 
! mat]ial & recognise its own %ape1 &   
yet "u x & ?r\gh x ea* nuance ( muscle &
 arm-=m reveals itself4 ,x is no light  
praise1 m9d y1 :5 "o says t e t\* is !  
record ( a tireless obs]vation--y h only
 to look at a great ,sir ,jo%ua to see t
 q half ( e canvas is m]ely a recipe1 a 
pa9t$ yawn 9 fact1 z ! int5sity ( 8     
vision relax$2 b 9 a ,velasquez y\r     
att5tion is rivet$ by ! passionate se>* 
( ! ma/] & 8 ceaseless absorption 9 ! ?+
 be=e him--& ?is is all ! m a/\nd+      
because ! "w is h>dly ev] conceiv$ f a  
po9t ( view ( bravura2 !re is no?+      
ov]-en?usia/ic1 ins9c]ely impetu\s1 b a 
quiet suave dignity in=m+ ! :ole1 &     
p5etrat+ into ! lea/ detail ( ! canvas4 
,!re is "o quality ,velasquez nev]      
falt]s 92 f e>lie/ days he is ma/] ( 8  

m$ium2 he und]/&s its e limitation1     
realises exactly h[ f> 8 palette is     
capable ( r5d]+ nature2 & s y are nev]  
di/urb$ 9 y\r appreciation ( 8 pictures 
by a s5se t he is battl+ aga9/          
insup]able difficulties1 sev]ely        
h&icapp$ by an unsympa!tic m$ium2 b r t 
"h is ! consummate workman :o1 gladly   
recognis+ ! measure ( 8 fre$om )9 ! f\r 
walls ( 8 limitations1 illu/rates = y t 
f9e old /atem5t1 ,^: s]vice is p]fect   
fre$om4  ,c4 ,w4 ,furse4   ,,ccxxi  ,,on
 ,,ga9sbor\gh  ,we mu/ n =get1 :il/ we  
are on ?is subject1 to make "s rem>ks on
 8 cu/om ( pa9t+ by night1 :i* confirms 
:at ,i h already m5tion$1--8 great      
affection to 8 art2 s9ce he c\ld n amuse
 himself 9 ! ev5+ by any o!r means s    
agreeable to himself4 ,i am inde$ mu*   
incl9$ to believe t x is a practice v   
advantage\s & improv+ to an arti/3 = by 
?is means he w acquire a new & a high]  
p]ception ( :at is great & beautiful 9  
nature4 ,by c&lelight n only objects    
appe> m beautiful1 b f _! be+ 9 a great]

 bread? ( light & %ad[1 z well z hav+ a 
great] bread? & uni=mity ( col\r1 nature
 appe>s 9 a high] /yle2 & ev5 ! fle%    
seems to take a high] & ri*] tone (     
col\r4 ,judgm5t is to direct u 9 ! use  
to be made ( ?is me?od ( /udy2 b ! me?od
 itself is1 ,i am v sure1 advantage\s4  
,i h (t5 imag9$ t ! two great col\ri/s1 
,titian & ,correggio1 ?\gh ,i d n "k t  
!y pa9t$ by night1 =m$ _! high ideas (  
col\r+ f ! effects ( objects by ?is     
artificial light4  ,reynolds4           
,illu/ration3 ,ga9sbor\gh ,,! ,,*ildr5  
,,& ,,! ,,butt]fly ,mansell     ,,mod]n 
,,pa9t+   ,,ccxxii  ,,on ,,reynolds     
,damn him6 h[ v>i\s he is6  ,ga9sbor\gh4
   ,,ccxxiii  ,i %all take advantage (  
,sir ,john's#c m5tion ( ,reynolds &     
,ga9sbor\gh to provoke "s useful        
refutation1 by /at+ t x seems to me !   
latt] is by no means ! rival ( ! =m]2   
?\gh 9 ?is op9ion ,i %\ld expect to f9d 
myself 9 a m9ority ( "o4 ,reynolds knew 
little ab\t ! human /ructure1           
,ga9sbor\gh no?+ at all2 ,reynolds 0 n  

rem>kable = good draw+1 ,ga9sbor\gh 0   
rem>kable = bad2 nor did ! latt] ev]    
approa* ,reynolds 9 dignity1 col\r1 or  
=ce ( "*1 z 9 ! portraits ( ,john ,hunt]
 & ,g5]al ,hea?field = example4 ,x may  
be conc$$ t m ref9em5t1 & p]haps m      
individuality1 is to be f\nd 9          
,ga9sbor\gh1 b 8 mann] 7& bo? 7         
mann]i/s7 0 scrat*y & ?91 :ile t (      
,reynolds 0 manly & ri*4 ,nei!r         
,reynolds nor ,ga9sbor\gh 0 capable (   
any?+ ideal2 b ! "w ( ,reynolds         
indicates ?\ght & read+1 & ,i d n "k (  
any?+ by ,ga9sbor\gh convey+ a l        
sugge/ion4  ,watts4  ,footnote #c3 ,sir 
,john ,millais4   ,,ccxxiv  ,i 0 ?9k+   
ye/]day1 z ,i got up1 ab\t ! special *>m
 ( ! ,engli% s*ool4 ,! little ,i saw ( x
 has left me memories4 ,!y h a real     
s5sitiv5ess :i* triumphs ov] all !      
/udies 9 concoction :i* appe> "h & !re1 
z 9 our dismal s*ool2 ) u t s5sitiv5ess 
is ! r>e/ ?+3 ev]y?+ has ! look ( be+   
pa9t$ ) clumsy tools1 & :at is worse1 by
 obtuse & vulg> m9ds4 ,take away        

,meissoni]1 ,decamps1 "o or two o!rs1 & 
"s ( ! y\?ful pictures ( ,+res1 & all is
 tame1 n]veless1 )\t int5tion1 )\t fire4
 ,"o ne$ only ca/ "o's eye ov] t /upid1 
commonplace pap] ,l',illu/ration1       
manufactur$ by pettifogg+ arti/s ov] "h1
 & comp>e x ) ! correspond+ ,engli%     
publication to realise h[ wret*$ly flat1
 flabby1 & insipid is ! "* ( mo/ ( our  
productions4 ,?is suppos$ home ( draw+  
%[s really no trace ( x1 & our mo/      
pret5ti\s pictures %[ z little z any4 ,9
 ^! little ,engli% designs ne>ly e      
object is treat$ ) ! am\nt ( int]e/ x   
dem&s2 l&scapes1 sea-pieces1 co/umes1   
incid5ts ( w>1 all ^! are delightful1   
done ) j ! "r t\*1 &1 above all1 well   
drawn4444 ,i d n see among u any "o to  
be comp>$ ) ,leslie1 ,grant1 & all ^? :o
 d]ive p>tly f ,wilkie & p>tly f ,hog>?1
 ) a little ( ! suppl5ess & ease        
introduc$ by ! s*ool ( =ty ye>s back1   
,lawr5ce & 8 comrades1 :o %one by _!    
elegance & lightness4  ,delacroix4      
,,ccxxv  ,,! ,,engli% ,,s*ool  ,i %all  

nev] c>e to see ,london aga94 ,i %\ld n 
f9d !re my old memories1 &1 above all1  
,i %\ld n f9d ! same m5 to enjoy ) me   
:at !re is to be se5 n[4 ,p]haps ,i     
might f9d myself oblig$ to break a lance
 = ,reynolds1 or = t adorable           
,ga9sbor\gh1 :om y are inde$ "r to love4
 ,n t ,i am ! oppon5t ( ! pres5t movem5t
 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,engl&4 ,i am ev5 /ruck by 
! prodigi\s consci5ti\sness t ^! p c br+
 to be> ev5 on "w ( ! imag9ation2 x     
seems t 9 com+ back to excessive detail 
!y are m 9 _! own elem5t ?an :5 !y      
imitat$ ! ,italian pa9t]s & ! ,flemi%   
col\ri/s4 ,b :at does ! sk9 matt]8 ,"u  
?is seem+ trans=mation !y are always    
,engli%4 ,?us in/ead ( mak+ imitations  
pure & simple ( ! primitive ,italians1 z
 ! fa%ion has be5 among u1 !y mix ) ?is 
imitation ( ! mann] ( ! old s*ools an   
inf9itely p]sonal s5tim5t2 !y put into x
 ! int]e/ :i* is g5]ally miss+ 9 our    
cold imitations ( ! =mulas & ! /yle (   
s*ools :i* h _h _! day4 ,i am writ+ )\t 
pull+ myself up1 & say+ ev]y?+ t comes  

into my head4 ,p]haps ! impressions ,i  
receiv$ at t =m] "t might be a little   
modifi$ to-day4 ,p]haps ,i %\ld f9d 9   
,lawr5ce an exagg]ation ( me?ods &      
effects too closely rem9isc5t ( ! s*ool 
( ,reynolds2 b 8 amaz+ delicacy ( draw+1
 & ! air ( life he gives to 8 wom51 :o  
seem almo/ to be talk+ ) "o1 give him1  
consid]$ z a portrait-pa9t]1 a c]ta9    
sup]iority ov] ,van ,dyck1 ^: admirable 
figures are immobile 9 _! pose4 ,lu/r\s 
eyes & p>t$ lips are admirably r5d]$ by 
,lawr5ce4 ,he welcom$ me ) mu* k9dness2 
he 0 a man ( mo/ *>m+ mann]s1 except :5 
y criticis$ 8 pictures4444 ,our s*ool   
has ne$ ( a little new blood4 ,our s*ool
 is old1 & ! ,engli% s*ool seems "y4 ,!y
 seem to seek aft] nature :ile we busy  
ourselves ) imitat+ o!r pictures4 ,don't
 get me /on$ by m5tion+ abroad ^!       
op9ions1 :i* alas6 are m9e4  ,delacroix4
   ,,ccxxvi  ,!re are only two          
occasions1 ,i conceive1 on :i* a =eign  
arti/ c\ld ) propriety be invit$ to     
execute a great national "w 9 ?is       

c\ntry1 namely1 9 default ( our hav+ any
 arti/ at all compet5t to su* an        
und]tak+1 or = ! purpose ( introduc+ a  
sup]ior /yle ( art1 to correct a vici\s 
ta/e preval5t 9 ! nation4 ,!            
consid]ation ( ! fir/ p>ts ( ?is /atem5t
 ,i leave to ^? :o h witness$ ) :at     
ability ,mr4 ,flaxman1 ,mr4 ,we/macott1 
& ! o!r c&idates h design$ _! models1 & 
) respect to ! /yle & good ta/e ( !     
,engli% s*ool4 ,i d>e1 & am pr\d1 to    
ass]t its sup]iority ov] any t has      
appe>$ 9 ,europe s9ce ! age ( ! ,c>acci4
  ,hoppn]4   ,,ccxxvii  7,watts is7 !   
only man :o und]/&s great art4  ,alfr$  
,/ev5s4   ,,ccxxviii  ,!re is only      
,puvis de ,*avannes :o holds 8 place2 z 
= all ! o!rs1 "o mu/ gild _! monum5ts4  
,meissoni]4   ,,ccxxix  ,,prudhon  ,9   
%ort1 he has 8 own mann]2 he is ! ,b\*]1
 ! ,watteau ( our day4 ,we mu/ let him d
 z he w2 x c d no h>m at ! pres5t "t1 & 
9 ! /ate ! s*ool is 94 ,he deceives     
himself1 b x is n giv5 to e "o to       
deceive !mselves l him2 8 tal5t has a   

sure f\ndation4 ,:at ,i _c =give him is 
t he always draws ! same heads1 ! same  
arms1 & ! same h&s4 ,all 8 faces h !    
same expression1 & ?is expression is    
always ! same grimace4 ,x is n ?us we   
%\ld envisage nature1 we :o are         
disciples & admir]s ( ! anci5ts4  ,l4   
,david4   ,,ccxxx  ,,on ,,delacroix     
,delacroix 7except 9 two pictures1 :i*  
%[ a k9d ( savage g5ius7 is a p]fect    
bea/1 ?\gh almo/ wor%ipp$ "h4  ,rossetti
 7#ahdi74   ,,ccxxxi  ,delacroix is "o (
 ! mighty ones ( ! e>?1 & ,+res misses  
be+ s cr$itably4  ,rossetti 7#ahef74    
,,ccxxxii  ,,on ,,delacroix  ,mu/ ,i say
 t ,i pref] ,delacroix ) 8 exagg]ations1
 8 mi/akes1 8 obvi\s falls1 because he  
belongs to no "o b himself1 because he  
repres5ts ! _s1 ! "t1 & ! idiom ( 8 "t8 
,sickly1 too highly /rung1 p]haps1 s9ce 
8 art has ! melodies ( our g5]ation1    
s9ce 9 ! /ra9$ note ( 8 lam5tations z 9 
8 res\nd+ triumphs1 !re is always a gasp
 ( ! brea?1 a cry1 a fev] t are alike   
our own & 84  ,we are no long] 9 !      

,olympian ,age1 l ,raphael1 ,v]onese1 & 
,rub5s2 & ,delacroix's art is p[]ful1 z 
a voice f ,dante's ,inf]no4  ,r\sseau4  
,,ccxxxiii  ,a ,,delacroix ,,exhibition 
,fem99e pa9t+ is invad+ u2 & if our "t1 
( :i* ,delacroix is ! true              
repres5tative1 has n d>$ en\gh1 :at w ! 
en]vat$ art ( ! future be l8  ,only     
pa9t+s are exhibit$ j n[4 ,two rooms    
sc>cely hold 8 ri*es2 & :5 "o ?9ks t !re
 are "h b ! elem5ts ( ,delacroix's      
production1 "o is bewild]$4 ,:at /rikes 
"o above all 9 8 sket*es is ! note (    
n]v\s1 conta9$ int5sity1 :i* dur+ all 8 
full c>e] he nev] lo/2 nei!r fa%ion nor 
! influ5ce ( o!rs affect$ x2 nev] 0 !re 
a m s9c]e note4 ,pl5ty ( incorrectness1 
,i grant y1 b ) a great feel+ = draw+4  
,:atev] "o may say1 if draw+ is an      
in/rum5t ( expression1 ,delacroix 0 a   
draughtsman4 ,a great /yle1 a m>vell\s  
inv5tion1 passion express$ 9 =m z well z
 9 col\r1 ,delacroix is typically !     
arti/1 & n a pr(essor ( draw+ :o fills  
out weakness & m$iocrity by rhetoric4   

,paul ,huet4   ,,ccxxxiv  ,,corot',s    
,,me?od ,,( ,,"w  ,corot is a true      
arti/4 ,"o mu/ see a pa9t] 9 8 home to h
 an idea ( 8 m]it4 ,i saw aga9 !re1 & ) 
a q new appreciation ( !m1 pictures :i* 
,i _h se5 at ! museum & only c>$ =      
mod]ately4 ,8 great ,baptism ( ,*ri/ is 
full ( naive beauties2 8 trees are      
sup]b4 ,i ask$ him ab\t ! tree ,i h to d
 9 ! ,orpheus4 ,he told me to walk      
/raight ahead1 giv+ myself up to :atev] 
might come 9 my way2 usually ?is is :at 
he does4 ,he does n admit t tak+ inf9ite
 pa9s is lo/ lab\r4 ,titian1 ,raphael1  
,rub5s1 c41 work$ easily4 ,!y only      
attempt$ :at !y knew2 only _! range 0   
wid] ?an t ( ! man :o1 = in/ance1 only  
pa9ts l&scapes or fl[]s4 ,not)/&+ ?is   
facility1 lab\r too is indisp5sable4    
,corot broods mu* ov] ?+s4 ,ideas come  
to him1 & he adds z he works4 ,x is ! "r
 way4  ,delacroix4   ,,ccxxxv  ,f ! age 
( six1 ,i _h ! passion = draw+ ! =ms (  
?+s4 ,by ! age ( fifty1 ,i _h publi%$ an
 inf9ity ( designs2 b all t ,i produc$  

be=e ! age ( sev5ty is ( no acc\nt4     
,only :5 ,i 0 sev5ty-?ree _h ,i got "s  
sort ( insight into ! real /ructure (   
nature--animals1 plants1 trees1 birds1  
fi%1 & insects4 ,consequ5tly1 at ! age (
 eighty ,i %all h advanc$ /ill fur!r2 at
 n9ety1 ,i %all grasp ! my/]y ( ?+s2 at 
a hundr$1 ,i %all be a m>vel1 & at a    
hundr$ & t5 e blot1 e l9e f my bru% %all
 be alive6  ,hokusai4   ,,ccxxxvi  ,x   
takes an arti/ fifty ye>s to le>n to d  
any?+1 & fifty ye>s to le>n :at n to    
d--& fifty ye>s to sift & f9d :at he    
simply desires to d--& #cjj ye>s to d x1
 & :5 x is done nei!r heav5 nor e>? mu* 
ne$s x nor he$s x4 ,well1 ,i'll peg     
away2 ,i c d no?+ else1 & w\ldn't if ,i 
c\ld4  ,burne-,jones4   ,,ccxxxvii  ,if 
! ,"l lets me live two ye>s long]1 ,i   
?9k t ,i c pa9t some?+ beautiful4       
,corot at #gg4     ,,ars ,,longa        
,,ccxxxviii  ,if ,heav5 w\ld give me t5 
ye>s m 444 if ,heav5 w\ld give me only  
five ye>s m 444 ,i might become a really
 great pa9t]4  ,hokusai4   ,,ccxxxix  ,i

 w h my ,b$ to be a ,b$ ( ,hon\r1 & _c  
die 9 a bett] ,po/ure ?an ) my ,p5cil 9 
my ,h&4  ,lucas ( ,leyd54   ,,ccxl      
,adieu6 ,i g above to see if fri5d      
,corot has f\nd me new l&scapes to pa9t4
  ,daubigny 7on 8 dea?-b$74   ,,ccxli   
,leav+ my bru% 9 ! city ( ! ,ea/1 ,i g  
to gaze on ! div9e l&scapes ( ! ,p>adise
 ( ! ,we/4  ,hiro%ige 7on 8 dea?-b$74   
,,ccxlii  ,mu* w h]eaft] be writt5 ab\t 
subjects & ref9em5ts ( pa9t+4 ,sure am  
,i t _m notable m5 w arise1 all ( :om w 
write bo? well & bett] ab\t ?is art & w 
tea* x bett] ?an ,i4 ,= ,i myself hold  
my art at a v mean value1 = ,i "k :at my
 faults are4 ,let e man !re=e /rive to  
bett] ^! my errors accord+ to 8 p[]s4   
,w\ld to ,god x 7 possible = me to see !
 "w & art ( ! mighty ma/]s to come1 :o  
are yet unborn1 = ,i "k t ,i might be   
improv$4 ,ah6 h[ (t5 9 my sleep d ,i    
behold great works ( art & beautiful    
?+s1 ! l :]e( nev] appe> to me awake1 b 
s soon z ,i awake ev5 ! remembrance ( !m
 leave? me4 ,let none be a%am$ to le>n1 

= a good "w require? good c\nsel4       
,nev]!less1 :osoev] take? c\nsel 9 !    
arts let him take x f "o ?or\ghly v]s$ 9
 ^? matt]s1 :o c prove :at he sai? ) 8  
h&4 ,h[beit any "o may give !e c\nsel2 &
 :5 ?\ ha/ done a "w pleas+ to ?yself1 x
 is good = !e to %[ x to dull m5 (      
little judgm5t t !y may give _! op9ion (
 x4 ,z a rule1 !y pick out ! mo/ faulty 
po9ts1 :il/ !y entirely pass ov] ! good4
 ,if ?\ f9de/ some?+ !y say true1 ?\    
maye/ ?us bett] ?y "w4  ,du]]4          
,,ccxliii  ,i %\ld be sorry if ,i _h any
 e>?ly fame1 = :atev] natural glory a   
man has is s mu* detract$ f 8 spiritual 
glory4 ,i wi% to d no?+ = pr(it2 ,i want
 no?+2 ,i am q happy4  ,blake4          
,,index ,,( ,,arti/s   ,aga?>cus1 #df   
,alb]ti ,leon ,batti/a1 #ea1 #adc ,anon 
7,*9ese71 #ahd ,apelles1 #hg  ,blake1   
#g1 #bf1 #ec1 #ig1 #abb1 #agc1 #bdc     
,bracquemond1 #bc1 #fa1 #fc1 #aae1 #agi 
,br[n1 ,=d ,madox1 #hb1 #aid1 #aig      
,burne-,jones1 #ai1 #cf1 #aaf1 #abg1    
#aca1 #aee1 #aff1 #aha1 #bcf  ,calv]t1  

,edw>d1 #be1 #da1 #gg1 #hj1 #acg1 #afg  
,c5n9i1 ,c5n9o1 #abf1 #afc ,*ass]iau1   
#ic1 #adf1 #adg1 #age1 #ahi ,con/able1  
#ha1 #ajd1 #ahh1 #aib1 #aii ,corot1 #bh1
 #ff1 #gc1 #gd1 #gf1 #bcg ,crome1 #aia  
,c\rbet1 #bj1 #ba ,c\ture1 #adh         
,daubigny1 #bdj ,david1 ,l\is1 #eg1 #bbi
 ,delacroix1 #ad1 #af1 #bi1 #fj1 #he1   
#hh1 #aad1 #abe1 #adi1 #afh1 #bjc1 #baj1
   #bbd1 #bbe1 #bcd ,donatello1 #ajh    
,du]]1 #e1 #di1 #ga1 #bdb ,dutilleux1   
#adb1 #aij1 #bjb ,dyce1 #bd  ,eupompus1 
#fg  ,from5t91 #h1 #ae1 #cj1 #agg1 #bjg1
 #baa1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae1 #bag ,furse1   
#acb1 #acc1 #aci1 #agj1 #agb1 #ahc1     
#aig1 #bbj ,fuseli1 #b1 #aci;,a1 #aii;,a
  ,ga9sbor\gh1 #ij1 #bbb ,g\jon1 #dh    
,goya1 #hi1 #aef1 #aeg  ,hilli>d1 #aei  
,hiro%ige1 #bda ,hog>?1 #aah1 #abd1     
#ada1 #aeb ,hokusai1 #ajf1 #acd1 #ada1  
#bce1 #bch ,hoppn]1 #bbf ,hsieh ,ho1    
#aa1 #aag ,huet1 #ahe1 #bcc  ,+res1 #eb1
 #fb1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1     
#aai1 #abj1 #abh  ,ke5e1 #fi ,klagmann1 
#dd ,ku ,k'ai-,*ih1 #ab1 #afe ,kuo ,hsi1

 #ahf1 #ahg  ,lawr5ce1 #ei1 #bje        
,leighton1 #ajc ,leon>do1 #c1 #ej1 #ef1 
#fe1 #aba1 #abi1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afa1 #afb1
 #agf1 #aif ,lucas ( ,leyd51 #bci       
,lundgr51 ,e41 #afd  ,meissoni]1 #bbh   
,mi*ael ,angelo1 #d1 #gi1 #ajg1 #abc1   
#bab ,millais1 #ie1 #ii ,millet1 #ce1   
#dg1 #ge1 #bjj1 #bja ,monticelli1 #aja  
,morris1 ,william1 #bg1 #ch1 #ci1 #dc1  
#acj1 #add  ,nor?cote1 #aea1 #agd1 #agh1
 #bjh  ,okio1 #gj  ,pasiteles1 #ach     
,p\ss91 ,n41 #ac ,preault1 #hc ,puvis de
 ,*avannes1 #gh1 #aje1 #ahj  ,raphael1  
#ah ,rembr&t1 #ia1 #ib ,reynolds1 #fh1  
#gb1 #hd1 #bah1 #bba ,rops1 #ca         
,rossetti1 #f1 #i1 #aej1 #baf1 #bcj1    
#bca ,r\sseau1 #cg1 #hf1 #acf1 #bcb     
,rub5s1 #ee1 #eh1 #ih  ,%iba ,kokan1    
#ace ,/ev5s1 ,a4 7! ,belgian pa9t]71 #a1
 #bjd ,/ev5s1 ,a4 7! ,engli% sculptor71 
#bbg ,sung ,ti1 #aie  ,titian1 #de1 #adj
 ,turn]1 #aic  ,velasquez1 #bji  ,wang  
,wei1 #aih ,watts1 #aj1 #ag1 #cd1 #dj1  
#if1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #afi1 #aga1 #ahb1 #bjf1
 #bbc ,:i/l]1 #cb1 #db1 #fd ,wi]tz1 #bb1

 #cc1 #ed ,wilkie1 #id1 #ade1 #aec1     
#aed1 #bai  ,zeuxis1 #df    ,pr9t$ by   
,ballantyne1 ,hanson  ,co4  ,ed9burgh   
,london