,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,greek words 9 ?is text h be5 translit]at$ & plac$ betwe5 m>ks4 ,voltaire's ,philosophical ,diction>y ,new ,york ,,c>lton ,,h\se ,,manufactur$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,preface ,?is book does n dem& cont9u\s read+2 b at :atev] place "o op5s x1 "o w f9d matt] = reflection4 ,! mo/ useful books are ^? ( :i* read]s !mselves compose half2 !y ext5d ! ?\ghts ( :i* ! g]m is pres5t$ to !m2 !y correct :at seems defective to !m1 & !y =tify by _! reflections :at seems to !m weak4 ,x is only really by enlight5$ p t ?is book c be read2 ! ord9>y man is n made = su* k2 philosophy w nev] be 8 lot4 ,^? :o say t !re are tru?s :i* mu/ be hidd5 f ! p1 ne$ n be al>m$2 ! p d n read2 !y "w six days ( ! week1 & on ! sev5? g to ! inn4 ,9 a ^w1 philosophical works are made only = philosoph]s1 & e hone/ man mu/ try to be a philosoph]1 )\t plum+ himself on be+ "o4 ,?is alphabet is extract$ f ! mo/ e/imable works :i* are n commonly )9 ! rea* ( ! _m2 & if ! au?or does n always m5tion ! s\rces ( 8 in=mation1 z be+ well en\gh kn[n to ! le>n$1 he mu/ n be suspect$ ( wi%+ to take ! cr$it = o!r p's "w1 because he himself pres]ves anonymity1 accord+ to ?is ^w ( ! ,gospel3 ,let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface ,,by ,,voltaire #e ,,adult]y #aa ,,advocate #af ,,anci5ts ,,& ,,mod]ns #ag ,,animals #ba ,,antiquity #bd ,,arts #bg ,,a/rology #bi ,,a!ism #cb ,,au?ority #df ,,au?ors #dh ,,bani%m5t #ej ,,bankruptcy #ea ,,beauty #ec ,,bi%op #ee ,,books #eg ,,b\lev]d #fj ,,b\rges #fa ,,brahm9s #fb ,,"* #fe ,,*>latan #fh ,,civil ,,laws #gc ,,climate #gd ,,common ,,s5se #gh ,,concat5ation ,,( ,,ev5ts #hj ,,contradictions #hc ,,corn #he ,,cromwell #hh ,,cu/oms #id ,,democracy #if ,,de/9y #ih ,,dev\t #ajb ,,ecclesia/ical ,,m9i/ry #ajc ,,emblem #ajf ,,engli% ,,!atre1 ,,on ,,! #aaj ,,envy #aab ,,equality #aad ,,expiation #aah ,,extreme #abb ,,ez\rveidam #abe ,,fai? #abf ,,false ,,m9ds #abh ,,fa!rl& #aca ,,f9al ,,causes #acc ,,fraud #acf ,,free-,,w #adb ,,fr5* #adf ,,fri5d%ip #aej ,,god #aea ,,helvetia #aef ,,hi/ory #aeg ,,ignorance #afc ,,impi\s #aff ,,joan ,,( ,,arc #afh ,,kiss+ #agc ,,languages #agh ,,laws #ahd ,,lib]ty #ahg ,,libr>y #aia ,,limits ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d #aid ,,local ,,crimes #aie ,,love #aig ,,luxury #bjj ,,man #bjc ,,man ,,9 ,,! ,,iron ,,mask #bjd ,,m>riage #baj ,,ma/] #baa ,,m5 ,,( ,,lett]s #bad ,,metamorphosis #baf ,,milton1 ,,on ,,! ,,reproa* ,,( ,,plagi>ism ,,aga9/ #bag ,,mohamm$ans #bbj ,,m\nta9 #bba ,,nak$ness #bbb ,,natural ,,law #bbd ,,nature #bbg ,,necess>y #bca ,,new ,,novelties #bcf ,,philosoph] #bcg ,,p[]1 ,,omnipot5ce #bdj ,,pray]s #bde ,,pr,,cis ,,( ,,anci5t ,,philosophy #bdg ,,prejudices #bea ,,r>e #bee ,,reason #beg ,,religion #bei ,,sect #bfg ,,self-,,e/eem #bga ,,s\l #bgc ,,/ates1 ,,gov]nm5ts #bid ,,sup]/ition #big ,,te>s #bii ,,!i/ #cja ,,tol]ance #cjb ,,tru? #cje ,,tyranny #cjh ,,virtue #cji ,,:y8 #cac ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,admir]s1 ,,que/ion]s ,,& ,,d\bt]s #cae ,,adult]y ,,note ,,on ,a ,,magi/rate ,,writt5 ,,ab\t #agfd ,a s5ior magi/rate ( a ,fr5* t[n _h ! mis=tune to h a wife :o 0 debau*$ by a prie/ be=e h] m>riage1 & :o s9ce cov]$ h]self ) disgrace by public sc&als3 he 0 s mod]ate z to leave h] )\t noise4 ,?is man1 ab\t =ty ye>s old1 vigor\s & ( agreeable appe>ance1 ne$s a woman2 he is too scrupul\s to seek to s$uce ano!r man's wife1 he fe>s int]c\rse ) a public woman or ) a wid[ :o w\ld s]ve him z concub9e4 ,9 ?is disquiet+ & sad /ate1 he addresses to 8 ,*ur* a plea ( :i* ! foll[+ is a prcis3 ,my wife is crim9al1 & x is ,i :o am puni%$4 ,ano!r woman is necess>y z a com=t to my life1 to my virtue ev52 & ! sect ( :i* ,i am a memb] refuses h] to me2 x =bids me to m>ry an hone/ girl4 ,! civil laws ( to-day1 un=tunately f\nd$ on canon law1 deprive me ( ! rights ( humanity4 ,! ,*ur* r$uces me to seek+ ei!r ! pleasures x reproves1 or ! %ameful comp5sations x condemns2 x tries to =ce me to be crim9al4 ,i ca/ my eyes ov] all ! peoples ( ! e>?2 !re is n a s+le "o except ! ,roman ,ca?olic p among :om divorce & a new m>riage are n natural rights4 ,:at upheaval ( ! rule has !re=e made among ! ,ca?olics a virtue ( und]go+ adult]y1 & a duty ( lack+ a wife :5 "o has be5 infam\sly outrag$ by "o's own8 ,:y is a bond t has rott$ indissoluble 9 spite ( ! great law adopt$ by ! code1 quidquid ligatur dissolubile e/8 ,i am all[$ a sep>ation a m5sa et ?oro1 & ,i am n all[$ divorce4 ,! law c deprive me ( my wife1 & x leaves me a "n call$ sacram5t6 ,:at a contradiction6 :at slav]y6 & "u :at laws did we receive bir?6 ,:at is /ill m /range is t ?is law ( my ,*ur* is directly contr>y to ! words :i* ?is ,*ur* itself believes to h be5 utt]$ by ,jesus ,*ri/3 ,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife1 except x be = =nication1 & %all m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y 7,matt4 xix4 #i74 ,i d n exam9e :e!r ! pontiffs ( ,rome are 9 ! "r to violate at _! pleasure ! law ( him !y reg>d z _! ma/]2 :e!r :5 a /ate has ne$ ( an heir1 x is p]missible to repudiate h] :o c give x "o4 ,i d n inquire if a turbul5t woman1 dem5t$1 homicidal1 a poison]1 %\ld n be repudiat$ equally ) an adult]ess3 ,i limit myself to ! sad /ate :i* conc]ns me3 ,god p]mits me to rem>ry1 & ! ,bi%op ( ,rome does n p]mit me4 ,divorce 0 a practice among ,ca?olics "u all ! emp]ors2 x 0 also 9 all ! dismemb]$ /ates ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,! k+s ( ,france1 ^? call$ ( ! fir/ l9e1 almo/ all repudiat$ _! wives 9 ord] to take new ones4 ,at la/ came ,gregory ,,ix41 enemy ( ! emp]ors & k+s1 :o by a decree made m>riage an un%akeable yoke2 8 decretal became ! law ( ,europe4 ,:5 ! k+s want$ to repudiate a wife :o 0 an adult]ess accord+ to ,jesus ,*ri/'s law1 !y c\ld n succe$2 x 0 necess>y to f9d ridicul\s pretexts4 ,l\is ! y\ng] 0 oblig$1 to accompli% 8 un=tunate divorce f ,eleanor ( ,gui5ne1 to allege a relation%ip :i* did n exi/4 ,h5ry ,,iv41 to repudiate ,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 pretext$ a /ill m false cause1 a refusal ( cons5t4 ,"o _h to lie to obta9 a divorce legitimately4 ,:at6 a k+ c abdicate 8 cr[n1 & )\t ! ,pope's p]mission he _c abdicate 8 wife6 ,is x possible t o!rwise enlight5$ m5 h wall[$ s long 9 ?is absurd s]vitude6 ,t our prie/s1 t our monks r5\nce wives1 to t ,i cons5t2 x is an outrage aga9/ population1 x is a mis=tune = !m1 b !y m]it ?is mis=tune :i* !y h made = !mselves4 ,!y h be5 ! victims ( ! popes :o want$ to h 9 !m slaves1 soldi]s )\t families & )\t fa!rl&1 liv+ solely = ! ,*ur*3 b ,i1 magi/rate1 :o s]ve ! /ate all day1 ,i ne$ a wife 9 ! ev5+2 & ! ,*ur* has n ! "r to deprive me ( a b5efit :i* ,god accords me4 ,! apo/les 7 m>ri$1 ,joseph 0 m>ri$1 & ,i want to be4 ,if ,i1 ,alsacian1 am dep5d5t on a prie/ :o dwells at ,rome1 if ?is prie/ has ! b>b>\s p[] to rob me ( a wife1 let him make a eunu* ( me = ! s++ ( ,mis]]es 9 8 *apel4 ,,note ,,= ,,wom5 ,equity dem&s t1 hav+ record$ ?is note 9 fav\r ( husb&s1 we %\ld also put be=e ! public ! case 9 fav\r ( wives1 pres5t$ to ! junta ( ,portugal by a ,c\ntess ( ,arcira4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( x3 ,! ,gospel has =bidd5 adult]y = my husb& j z = me2 he w be damn$ z ,i %all1 no?+ is bett] e/abli%$4 ,:5 he committ$ tw5ty infidelities1 :5 he gave my necklace to "o ( my rivals1 & my e>-r+s to ano!r1 ,i did n ask ! judges to h him %av$1 to %ut him up among monks & to give me 8 prop]ty4 ,& ,i1 = hav+ imitat$ him once1 = hav+ done ) ! mo/ h&some "y man 9 ,lisbon :at he did e day ) impunity ) ! mo/ idiotic /rumpets ( ! c\rt & ! t[n1 h to answ] at ! b> be=e lic5tiates ea* ( :om w\ld be at my feet if we 7 alone toge!r 9 my closet2 h to endure at ! c\rt ! u%] cutt+ (f my hair :i* is ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! _w2 & be+ %ut up among nuns :o h no common s5se1 depriv$ ( my d[ry & my m>riage cov5ants1 ) all my prop]ty giv5 to my coxcomb ( a husb& to help him s$uce o!r wom5 & to commit fre% adult]ies4 ,i ask if x is j1 & if x is n evid5t t ! laws 7 made by cuckolds8 ,9 answ] to my plea ,i am told t ,i %\ld be happy n to be /on$ at ! city gate by ! canons1 ! prie/s ( ! p>i% & ! :ole populace4 ,?is 0 ! practice among ! fir/ nation ( ! e>?1 ! *os5 nation1 ! *]i%$ nation1 ! only "o :i* 0 "r :5 all ! o!rs 7 wrong4 ,to ^! b>b>ities ,i reply t :5 ! poor adult]ess 0 pres5t$ by h] accus]s to ! ,ma/] ( ! old & new law1 ,he did n h h] /on$2 t on ! contr>y ,he reproa*$ !m ) _! inju/ice1 t he laugh$ at !m by writ+ on ! gr\nd ) 8 f+]1 t he quot$ ! old ,hebraic prov]b--,he t is )\t s9 among y1 let him fir/ ca/ a /one at h]2 t !n !y all retir$1 ! olde/ flee+ fir/1 because ! old] !y 7 ! m adult]ies _h !y committ$4 ,! doctors ( canon law answ] me t ?is hi/ory ( ! adult]ess is relat$ only 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 t x 0 n ins]t$ !re until lat]4 ,leontius1 ,maldonat1 affirm t x is n to be f\nd 9 a s+le anci5t ,greek copy2 t none ( ! tw5ty-?ree e>ly comm5tators m5tions x4 ,orig51 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ,!ophilact1 ,nonnus1 d n recognize x at all4 ,x is n to be f\nd 9 ! ,syriac ,bible1 x is n 9 ,ulphilas' v]sion4 ,t is :at my husb&'s advocates say1 !y :o w\ld h me n only %av$1 b also /on$4 ,b ! advocates :o plead$ = me say t ,ammonius1 au?or ( ! ?ird c5tury1 recogniz$ ?is /ory z true1 & t if ,/4 ,j]ome rejects x 9 "s places1 he adopts x 9 o!rs2 t1 9 a ^w1 x is au!ntic to-day4 ,i leave !re1 & ,i say to my husb&3 ,if y are )\t s91 %ave me1 imprison me1 take my prop]ty2 b if y h committ$ m s9s ?an ,i h1 x is = me to %ave y1 to h y imprison$1 & to seize y\r =tune4 ,9 ju/ice ^! ?+s %\ld be equal4 ,my husb& answ]s t he is my sup]ior & my *ief1 t he is m ?an an in* tall]1 t he is %aggy z a be>2 t consequ5tly ,i owe him ev]y?+1 & t he owes me no?+4 ,b ,i ask if ,que5 ,anne ( ,engl& is n h] husb&'s *ief8 if h] husb& ! ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k1 :o is h] ,high ,admiral1 does n owe h] entire ob$i5ce8 & if %e w\ld n h him condemn$ by ! c\rt ( pe]s if ! little man's infidelity 7 9 "q8 ,x is !re=e cle> t if ! wom5 d n h ! m5 puni%$1 x is :5 !y are n ! /rong]4 ,,advocate ,an advocate is a man :o1 n hav+ a suffici5t =tune to buy "o ( ^? respl5d5t (fices on :i* ! univ]se has its eyes1 /udies ! laws ( ,!odosius & ,ju/9ian = ?ree ye>s1 s t he may le>n ! usages ( ,p>is1 & :o f9ally1 be+ regi/]$1 has ! "r to plead causes = money1 if he h a /rong voice4 ,,anci5ts ,,& ,,mod]ns ,! great dispute betwe5 ! anci5ts & ! mod]ns is n yet settl$2 x has be5 on ! table s9ce ! silv] age succe$$ ! gold5 age4 ,mank9d has always ma9ta9$ t ! good old times 7 mu* bett] ?an ! pres5t day4 ,ne/or1 9 ! ,iliad1 wi%+ to ins9uate himself z a wise conciliator into ! m9ds ( ,a*illes & ,agamemnon1 />ts by say+ to !m--,i liv$ =m]ly ) bett] m5 ?an y2 no1 ,i h nev] se5 & ,i %all nev] see su* great p]sonages z ,dryas1 ,c5u1 ,exadius1 ,polyphemus equal to ! gods1 etc4 ,po/]ity has well av5g$ ,a*illes = ,ne/or's poor complim5t4 ,nobody kn[s ,dryas any long]2 "o has h>dly he>d speak ( ,exadius1 or ( ,c5u2 & z = ,polyphemus equal to ! gods1 he has n too good a reputation1 unless ! possession ( a big eye 9 "o's =ehead1 & ! eat+ ( m5 raw1 are to h some?+ ( ! div9e4 ,lucretius does n hesitate to say t nature has deg5]at$ 7lib4 ,,ii4 v4 #aaei74 ,antiquity is full ( eulogies ( ano!r m remote antiquity4 ,horace combats ?is prejudice ) z mu* f9esse z =ce 9 8 beautiful ,epi/le to ,augu/us 7,epi/4 ,i4 liv4 ii474 ,mu/ our poems1 !n1 he says1 be l our w9es1 ( :i* ! olde/ are always pref]r$8 ,! le>n$ & +5i\s ,font5elle expresses himself on ?is subject z foll[s3 ,! :ole "q ( ! pre-em95ce betwe5 ! anci5ts & ! mod]ns1 once x is well und]/ood1 is r$uc$ to kn[+ :e!r ! trees :i* =m]ly 7 9 our c\ntryside 7 bigg] ?an ^? ( to-day4 ,9 ! ev5t t !y 71 ,hom]1 ,plato1 ,demo/h5es _c be equall$ 9 ^! latt] c5turies4 ,let u ?r[ light on ?is p>adox4 ,if ! anci5ts _h m intellect ?an u1 x is t ! bra9s ( ^? times 7 bett] ord]$1 =m$ ( firm] or m delicate fibres1 fill$ ) m animal spirits2 b 9 virtue ( :at 7 ! bra9s ( ^? times bett] ord]$8 ,! trees also w\ld h be5 bigg] & m beautiful2 = if nature 0 !n y\ng] & m vigor\s1 ! trees1 z well z m5's bra9s1 w\ld h be5 consci\s ( ?is vig\r & ?is y\?4 7,digression on ! ,anci5ts & ! ,mod]ns1 vol4 #d1 #agdb edition47 ,) ! illu/ri\s academician's p]mission1 t is n at all ! /ate ( ! "q4 ,x is n a matt] ( kn[+ :e!r nature has be5 able to produce 9 our day z great g5iuses & z good works z ^? ( ,greek & ,lat9 antiquity2 b to "k :e!r we h !m 9 fact4 ,)\t a d\bt x is n impossible = !re to be z big oaks 9 ! =e/ ( ,*antilli z 9 ! =e/ ( ,dodona2 b suppos+ t ! oaks ( ,dodona _h spok51 x w\ld be q cle> t !y _h a great advantage ov] ours1 :i* 9 all probability w nev] speak4 ,nature is n biz>re2 b x is possible t %e gave ! ,a!nians a c\ntry & a sky m suitable ?an ,we/phalia & ! ,lim\s9 = =m+ c]ta9 g5iuses4 ,fur!r1 x is possible t ! gov]nm5t ( ,a!ns1 by second+ ! climate1 put into ,demo/h5es' head some?+ t ! air ( ,clim>t & ,la ,gr5\illre & ! gov]nm5t ( ,c>d9al de ,ri*elieu did n put into ! heads ( ,om] ,talon & ,jrome ,bignon4 ,?is dispute is !re=e a "q ( fact4 ,0 antiquity m fecund 9 great monum5ts ( all k9ds1 up to ! "t ( ,plut>*1 ?an mod]n c5turies h be5 f ! c5tury ( ! ,m$icis up to ,l\is ,,xiv4 inclusive8 ,! ,*9ese1 m ?an two hundr$ ye>s be=e our era1 con/ruct$ t great wall :i* 0 n able to save !m f ! invasion ( ! ,t>t>s4 ,! ,egyptians1 ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e1 _h ov]load$ ! e>? ) _! a/oni%+ pyramids1 :i* _h a base ( ab\t n9ety ?\s& squ>e feet4 ,nobody d\bts t1 if "o wi%$ to und]take to-day ^! useless works1 "o c\ld easily succe$ by a lavi% exp5diture ( money4 ,! great wall ( ,*9a is a monum5t to fe>2 ! pyramids are monum5ts to vanity & sup]/ition4 ,bo? be> witness to a great pati5ce 9 ! peoples1 b to no sup]ior g5ius4 ,nei!r ! ,*9ese nor ! ,egyptians w\ld h be5 able to make ev5 a /atue su* z ^? :i* our sculptors =m to-day4 ,! *evali] ,temple1 :o has made x 8 bus9ess to disp>age all ! mod]ns1 claims t 9 ar*itecture !y h no?+ comp>able to ! temples ( ,greece & ,rome3 b1 = all t he is ,engli%1 he mu/ agree t ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] is incomp>ably m beautiful ?an ! ,capitol 04 ,x is curi\s ) :at assurance he ma9ta9s t !re is no?+ new 9 our a/ronomy1 no?+ 9 ! k ( ! human body1 unless p]haps1 he says1 ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,love ( 8 own op9ion1 f\nd$ on 8 va/ self-e/eem1 makes him =get ! discov]y ( ! satellites ( ,jupit]1 ( ! five moons & ! r+ ( ,saturn1 ( ! rotation ( ! sun on its axis1 ( ! calculat$ position ( ?ree ?\s& />s1 ( ! laws giv5 by ,kepl] & ,newton = ! heav5ly orbs1 ( ! causes ( ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 & ( a hundr$ o!r pieces ( k ( :i* ! anci5ts did n suspect ev5 ! possibility4 ,! discov]ies 9 anatomy are z great 9 numb]4 ,a new univ]se 9 little1 discov]$ by ! microscope1 0 c\nt$ = no?+ by ! *evali] ,temple2 he clos$ 8 eyes to ! m>vels ( 8 contempor>ies1 & op5$ !m only to admire anci5t ignorance4 ,he goes s f> z to pity u = hav+ no?+ left ( ! magic ( ! ,indians1 ! ,*aldeans1 ! ,egyptians2 & by ?is magic he und]/&s a pr(\nd k ( nature1 :]eby !y produc$ miracles3 b he does n cite "o miracle1 because 9 fact !re nev] 7 any4 ,:at has become1 he asks1 ( ! *>ms ( t music :i* s (t5 en*ant$ man & bea/1 ! fi%es1 ! birds1 ! snakes1 & *ang$ _! nature8 ,?is enemy ( 8 c5tury really believes ! fable ( ,orpheus1 & has n app>5tly he>d ei!r ! beautiful music ( ,italy1 or ev5 t ( ,france1 :i* 9 tru? does n *>m snakes1 b does *>m ! e>s ( connoisseurs4 ,:at is /ill m /range is t1 hav+ all 8 life cultivat$ belles-lettres1 he does n reason bett] ab\t our good au?ors ?an ab\t our philosoph]s4 ,he looks on ,rabelais z a great man4 ,he cites ! ,am\rs des ,gaules z "o ( our be/ works4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 a s*ol>1 a c\rti]1 a man ( mu* wit1 an ambassador1 a man :o _h reflect$ pr(\ndly on all he _h se54 ,he possess$ great k3 a prejudice suffic$ to spoil all ?is m]it4 ,!re are beauties 9 ,euripides1 & 9 ,sophocles /ill m2 b !y h _m m defects4 ,"o d>es say t ! beautiful sc5es ( ,corneille & ! t\*+ trag$ies ( ,rac9e surpass ! trag$ies ( ,sophocles & ,euripides z mu* z ^! two ,greeks surpass ,!spis4 ,rac9e 0 q consci\s ( 8 great sup]iority ov] ,euripides2 b he prais$ ! ,greek poet 9 ord] to humiliate ,p]rault4 ,molire1 9 8 good pieces1 is z sup]ior to ! pure b cold ,t]5ce1 & to ! droll ,ari/ophanes1 z to ,danc\rt ! buffoon4 ,!re are !re=e sph]es 9 :i* ! mod]ns are f> sup]ior to ! anci5ts1 & o!rs1 v few 9 numb]1 9 :i* we are _! inf]iors4 ,x is to ?is t ! :ole dispute is r$uc$4 ,,animals ,:at a pitiful1 :at a sorry ?+ to h said t animals are ma*9es b]eft ( und]/&+ & feel+1 :i* p]=m _! op]ations always 9 ! same way1 :i* le>n no?+1 p]fect no?+1 etc46 ,:at6 t bird :i* makes its ne/ 9 a semi-circle :5 x is atta*+ x to a wall1 :i* builds x 9 a qu>t] circle :5 x is 9 an angle1 & 9 a circle ^u a tree2 t bird acts always 9 ! same way8 ,t hunt+-dog :i* y h discipl9$ = ?ree mon?s1 does x n "k m at ! end ( ?is "t ?an x knew be=e y\r lessons8 ,does ! can>y to :i* y tea* a tune repeat x at once8 d y n sp5d a consid]able "t 9 tea*+ x8 h y n se5 t x has made a mi/ake & t x corrects itself8 ,is x because ,i speak to y1 t y judge t ,i h feel+1 memory1 ideas8 ,well1 ,i d n speak to y2 y see me go+ home look+ disconsolate1 seek+ a pap] anxi\sly1 op5+ ! desk :]e ,i rememb] hav+ %ut x1 f9d+ x1 read+ x joyfully4 ,y judge t ,i h exp]i5c$ ! feel+ ( di/ress & t ( pleasure1 t ,i h memory & und]/&+4 ,br+ ! same judgm5t to be> on ?is dog :i* has lo/ its ma/]1 :i* has s\ght him on e road ) sorr[ful cries1 :i* ent]s ! h\se agitat$1 uneasy1 :i* goes d[n ! /airs1 up ! /airs1 f room to room1 :i* at la/ f9ds 9 8 /udy ! ma/] x loves1 & :i* %[s him its joy by its cries ( delight1 by its leaps1 by its c>esses4 ,b>b>ians seize ?is dog1 :i* 9 fri5d%ip surpasses man s prodigi\sly2 !y nail x on a table1 & !y dissect x alive 9 ord] to %[ ! mes5t]ic ve9s4 ,y discov] 9 x all ! same organs ( feel+ t are 9 y\rself4 ,answ] me1 ma*9i/1 has nature arrang$ all ! means ( feel+ 9 ?is animal1 s t x may n feel8 has x n]ves 9 ord] to be impassible8 ,d n suppose ?is imp]t95t contradiction 9 nature4 ,b ! s*oolma/]s ask :at ! s\l ( animals is8 ,i d n und]/& ?is "q4 ,a tree has ! faculty ( receiv+ 9 its fibres its sap :i* circulates1 ( unfold+ ! buds ( its leaves & its fruit2 w y ask :at ! s\l ( ?is tree is8 x has receiv$ ^! gifts2 ! animal has receiv$ ^? ( feel+1 ( memory1 ( a c]ta9 numb] ( ideas4 ,:o has be/[$ ^! gifts8 :o has giv5 ^! faculties8 ,he :o has made ! grass ( ! fields to gr[1 & :o makes ! e>? gravitate t[>d ! sun4 ,animals' s\ls are sub/antial =ms1 said ,ari/otle1 & aft] ,ari/otle1 ! ,arab s*ool1 & aft] ! ,arab s*ool1 ! angelical s*ool1 & aft] ! angelical s*ool1 ! ,sorbonne1 & aft] ! ,sorbonne1 nobody at all4 ,animals' s\ls are mat]ial1 cry o!r philosoph]s4 ,^! h n be5 9 any bett] =tune ?an ! o!rs4 ,9 va9 h !y be5 ask$ :at a mat]ial s\l is2 !y h to admit t x is matt] :i* has s5sation3 b :at has giv5 x ?is s5sation8 ,x is a mat]ial s\l1 t is to say t x is matt] :i* gives s5sation to matt]2 !y _c issue f ?is circle4 ,li/5 to o!r brutes reason+ ab\t ! brutes2 _! s\l is a spiritual s\l :i* dies ) ! body2 b :at pro( h y ( x8 :at idea h y ( ?is spiritual s\l1 :i*1 9 tru?1 has feel+1 memory1 & its measure ( ideas & +5uity2 b :i* w nev] be able to "k :at a *ild ( six kn[s8 ,on :at gr\nd d y imag9e t ?is be+1 :i* is n body1 dies ) ! body8 ,! greate/ fools are ^? :o h advanc$ t ?is s\l is nei!r body nor _s4 ,!re is a f9e sy/em4 ,by _s we c und]/& only "s unkn[n ?+ :i* is n body4 ,?us ^! g5tlem5's sy/em comes back to ?is1 t ! animals' s\l is a sub/ance :i* is nei!r body nor some?+ :i* is n body4 ,:5ce c come s _m contradictory errors8 ,f ! habit m5 h always _h ( exam9+ :at a ?+ is1 be=e kn[+ if x exi/s4 ,! clapp]1 ! valve ( a bell[s1 is call$ 9 ,fr5* ! s\l ( a bell[s4 ,:at is ?is s\l8 ,x is a "n t ,i h giv5 to ?is valve :i* falls1 lets air ent]1 rises aga91 & ?ru/s x ?r\gh a pipe1 :5 ,i make ! bell[s move4 ,!re is n !re a di/9ct s\l 9 ! ma*9e3 b :at makes animals' bell[s move8 ,i h already told y1 :at makes ! />s move4 ,! philosoph] :o said1 ,deus e/ anima brutorum1 0 "r2 b he %\ld g fur!r4 ,,antiquity ,h y sometimes se5 9 a village ,pi]re ,a\dri & 8 wife ,p]onelle wi%+ to g be=e _! neighb\rs 9 ! procession8 ,our gr&fa!rs1 !y say1 7 toll+ ! bells be=e ^? :o jo/le u to-day own$ ev5 a pig-/y4 ,! vanity ( ,pi]re ,a\dri1 8 wife & 8 neighb\rs1 kn[s no?+ m ab\t x4 ,_! m9ds k9dle4 ,! qu>rel is important2 hon\r is 9 "q4 ,pro(s are necess>y4 ,a s*ol> :o s+s 9 ! *oir1 discov]s an old ru/y iron pot1 m>k$ ) an ,a1 fir/ lett] ( ! "n ( ! pott] :o made ! pot4 ,pi]re ,a\dri p]suades himself t x 0 8 ance/ors' helmet4 ,9 ?is way 0 ,cs> desc5d$ f a h]o & f ! goddess ,v5us4 ,su* is ! hi/ory ( nations2 su* is1 )9 v small m>g9s1 ! k ( e>ly antiquity4 ,! s*ol>s ( ,arm5ia demon/rate t ! t]re/rial p>adise 0 9 _! l&4 ,"s pr(\nd ,sw$es demon/rate t x 0 ne> ,lake ,v5] :i* is visibly a remnant ( x4 ,"s ,spani>ds demon/rate also t x 0 9 ,ca/ille2 :ile ! ,japanese1 ! ,*9ese1 ! ,indians1 ! ,africans1 ! ,am]icans are n suffici5tly un=tunate to "k ev5 t !re 0 =m]ly a t]re/rial p>adise at ! s\rce ( ! ,phison1 ! ,gehon1 ! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates1 or1 if y pref] x1 at ! s\rce ( ! ,guadalquivir1 ! ,guadiana1 ! ,d\ro & ! ,ebro2 = f ,phison "o easily makes ,phaetis2 & f ,phaetis "o makes ! ,baetis :i* is ! ,guadalquivir4 ,! ,gehon is obvi\sly ! ,guadiana1 :i* beg9s ) a ,g4 ,! ,ebro1 :i* is 9 ,catalonia1 is inconte/ably ! ,euphrates1 ( :i* ! initial lett] is ,e4 ,b a ,scotsman appe>s :o demon/rates 9 8 turn t ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 0 at ,ed9burgh1 :i* has reta9$ its "n2 & x is to be believ$ t 9 a few c5turies ?is op9ion w make its =tune4 ,! :ole globe 0 burn$ once ^u a "t1 says a man v]s$ 9 anci5t & mod]n hi/ory2 = ,i read 9 a newspap] t "s absolutely black *>coal has be5 f\nd 9 ,g]many at a dep? ( a hundr$ feet1 betwe5 m\nta9s cov]$ ) wood4 ,& x is suspect$ ev5 t !re 7 *>coal burn]s 9 ?is place4 ,phaeton's adv5ture makes x cle> t ev]y?+ has boil$ "r to ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,! sulphur ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius proves inv9cibly t ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 ,danube1 ,ganges1 ,nile & ! great ,yell[ ,riv] are m]ely sulphur1 nitre & ,guiac oil1 :i* only await ! mom5t ( ! explosion to r$uce ! e>? to a%es1 z x has already be54 ,! s& on :i* we walk is evid5t pro( t ! e>? has be5 vitrifi$1 & t our globe is really only a glass ball1 j z are our ideas4 ,b if fire has *ang$ our globe1 wat] has produc$ /ill f9] revolutions4 ,= y see cle>ly t ! sea1 ! tides ( :i* m\nt z high z eight feet 9 our climate1 has produc$ m\nta9s ( a height ( sixte5 to sev5te5 ?\s& feet4 ,?is is s true t "s le>n$ m5 :o h nev] be5 9 ,switz]l& h f\nd a big %ip ) all its rigg+ petrifi$ on ,m\nt ,/4 ,go?>d1 or at ! bottom ( a precipice1 "o kn[s n :]e2 b x is q c]ta9 t x 0 !re4 ,!re=e m5 7 orig9ally fi%1 quod erat demon/r&um4 ,to desc5d to a less antique antiquity1 let u speak ( ! times :5 ! great] "p ( ! b>b>\s nations left _! c\ntries1 to g to seek o!rs :i* 7 h>dly any bett]4 ,x is true1 if !re be any?+ true 9 anci5t hi/ory1 t !re 7 "s ,gauli% brig&s :o w5t to pillage ,rome 9 ! "t ( ,camillus4 ,o!r ,gauli% brig&s _h pass$1 x is said1 ?r\gh ,illyria on ! way to hire _! s]vices z murd]]s to o!r murd]]s1 9 ! direction ( ,?race2 !y ex*ang$ _! blood = bread1 & lat] e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ,galatia4 ,b :o 7 ^! ,gauls8 7 !y ,b]i*ons & ,angev9s8 ,!y 7 )\t a d\bt ,gauls :om ! ,romans call$ ,cisalp9es1 & :om we call ,transalp9es1 fami%$ m\nta9-dwell]s1 neighb\rs ( ! ,alps & ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! ,gauls ( ! ,se9e & ! ,m>ne did n "k at t "t t ,rome exi/$1 & c\ld n take x into _! heads to pass ,m\nt ,c5is1 z ,hannibal did lat]1 to g to /eal ! w>drobes ( ,roman s5ators :o at t "t = all furniture _h a robe ( poor grey /uff1 ornam5t$ ) a b& ! col\r ( ox blood2 two little pummels ( ivory1 or r dog's bone1 on ! arms ( a wood5 *air2 & 9 _! kit*5s a piece ( rancid bacon4 ,! ,gauls1 :o 7 dy+ ( hung]1 n f9d+ any?+ to eat 9 ,rome1 w5t (f !re=e to seek _! =tune f>!r away1 z 0 ! practice ( ! ,romans lat]1 :5 !y ravag$ s _m c\ntries "o aft] ! o!r2 z did ! peoples ( ! ,nor? :5 !y de/roy$ ! ,roman ,empire4 ,&1 fur!r1 :at is x :i* in/ructs v feebly ab\t ^! emigrations8 ,x is a few l9es t ! ,romans wrote at haz>d2 because = ! ,celts1 ! ,vel*es or ! ,gauls1 ^! m5 :o x is desir$ to make pass = eloqu5t1 at t "t did n "k1 !y & _! b>ds1 h[ ei!r to read or write4 ,b to inf] f t t ! ,gauls or ,celts1 conqu]$ aft] by a few ( ,cs>'s legions1 & by a horde ( ,b\rguignons1 & la/ly by a horde ( ,sicamores1 "u "o ,clodovic1 _h previ\sly subjugat$ ! :ole _w1 & giv5 _! names & laws to ,asia1 seems to me to be v /range3 ! ?+ is n ma!matically impossible1 & if x be demon/rat$1 ,i give way2 x w\ld be v uncivil to refuse to ! ,vel*es :at "o accords to ! ,t>t>s4 ,,arts ,,t ,,! ,,newness ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,9 ,,no ,,wise ,,proves ,,! ,,newness ,,( ,,! ,,globe ,all ! philosoph]s ?\ght matt] et]nal b ! arts appe> new4 ,!re is n "o1 ev5 to ! art ( mak+ bread1 :i* is n rec5t4 ,! fir/ ,romans ate pap2 & ^! conqu]ors ( s _m nations nev] ?\ght ( ei!r w9dmills or wat]mills4 ,?is tru? seems at fir/ to contradict ! antiquity ( ! globe su* z x is1 or supposes t]rible revolutions 9 ?is globe4 ,! inundations ( b>b>ians c h>dly annihilate arts :i* h become necess>y4 ,i suppose t an army ( negroes come among u l locu/s1 f ! m\nta9s ( ,cobonas1 ?r\gh ! ,monomotapa1 ! ,monoemugi1 ! ,nosseguais1 ! ,m>acates2 t !y h trav]s$ ,abyss9ia1 ,nubia1 ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,asia ,m9or1 ! :ole ( our ,europe2 t !y h ov]?r[n ev]y?+1 ransack$ ev]y?+2 !re w /ill rema9 a few bak]s1 a few cobbl]s1 a few tailors1 a few c>p5t]s3 ! necess>y arts w survive2 only luxury w be annihilat$4 ,x is :at 0 se5 at ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire2 ! art ( writ+ ev5 became v r>e2 almo/ all ^? :i* contribut$ to ! com=t ( life 7 reborn only long aft]4 ,we inv5t new ones e day4 ,f all ?is "o c at bottom conclude no?+ aga9/ ! antiquity ( ! globe4 ,=1 suppos+ ev5 t an influx ( b>b>ians _h made u lose entirely all ! arts ev5 to ! arts ( writ+ & mak+ bread2 suppos+1 fur!r1 t = t5 ye>s pa/ we _h no bread1 p5s1 ink & pap]2 ! l& :i* has be5 able to subsi/ = t5 ye>s )\t eat+ bread & )\t writ+ its ?\ghts1 w\ld be able to pass a c5tury1 & a hundr$ ?\s& c5turies )\t ^! aids4 ,x is q cle> t man & ! o!r animals c exi/ v well )\t bak]s1 )\t noveli/s1 & )\t !ologians1 witness ! :ole ( ,am]ica1 witness ?ree qu>t]s ( our cont95t4 ,! newness ( ! arts among u does n !re=e prove ! newness ( ! globe1 z 0 claim$ by ,epicurus1 "o ( our pr$ecessors 9 rev]ie1 :o suppos$ t by *ance ! et]nal atoms 9 decl9+1 _h "o day =m$ our e>?4 ,pomponace said3 ,se il mondo non et]no1 p] tutti santi molto vec*io4 ,,a/rology ,a/rology may re/ on bett] f\ndations ?an ,magic4 ,= if no "o has se5 ei!r ,gobl9s1 or ,lemures1 or ,dives1 or ,p]is1 or ,demons1 or ,cacodemons1 ! pr$ictions ( a/rolog]s h (t5 be5 se5 to succe$4 ,if ( two a/rolog]s consult$ on ! life ( a *ild & on ! wea!r1 "o says t ! *ild w live to manhood1 ! o!r n2 if "o ann\nces ra91 & ! o!r f9e wea!r1 x is cle> t "o ( !m w be a prophet4 ,! great mis=tune ( ! a/rolog]s is t ! sky has *ang$ s9ce ! rules ( ! art 7 e/abli%$4 ,! sun1 :i* at ! equ9ox 0 9 ,aries 9 ! "t ( ! ,argonauts1 is to-day 9 ,taurus2 & ! a/rolog]s1 to ! great ill-=tune ( _! art1 to-day attribute to "o h\se ( ! sun :at belongs visibly to ano!r4 ,h[ev]1 t is n a demon/rative reason aga9/ a/rology4 ,! ma/]s ( ! art deceive !mselves2 b x is n demon/rat$ t ! art _c exi/4 ,!re is no absurdity 9 say+3 ,su* & su* a *ild is born 9 ! wax+ ( ! moon1 dur+ /ormy wea!r1 at ! ris+ ( su* & su* />2 8 con/itution has be5 feeble1 & 8 life unhappy & %ort2 :i* is ! ord9>y lot ( poor con/itutions3 ?is *ild1 on ! contr>y1 0 born :5 ! moon 0 full1 ! sun /rong1 ! wea!r calm1 at ! ris+ ( su* & su* />2 8 con/itution has be5 good1 8 life long & happy4 ,if ^! obs]vations _h be5 repeat$1 if !y _h be5 f\nd accurate1 exp]i5ce w\ld h be5 able aft] "s ?\s&s ( ye>s to =m an art :i* x w\ld h be5 difficult to d\bt3 "o w\ld h ?\ght1 ) "s likelihood1 t m5 are l trees & vegetables :i* mu/ be plant$ & s[n only 9 c]ta9 seasons4 ,x w\ld h be5 ( no avail aga9/ ! a/rolog]s to say3 ,my son 0 born at a =tunate "t1 & nev]!less di$ 9 8 cradle2 ! a/rolog] w\ld h answ]$3 ,x (t5 happ5s t trees plant$ 9 ! prop] season p]i%2 ,i answ]$ to y = ! />s1 b ,i did n answ] = ! flaw ( con=mation y communicat$ to y\r *ild4 ,a/rology op]ates only :5 no cause opposes itself to ! good ! />s c d4 ,"o w\ld n h succe$$ bett] 9 discr$it+ ! a/rolog] by say+3 ,( two *ildr5 :o 7 born 9 ! same m9ute1 "o has be5 k+1 ! o!r has be5 only *ur*w>d5 ( 8 p>i%2 = ! a/rolog] c\ld v well h def5d$ himself by po9t+ out t ! peasant made 8 =tune :5 he became *ur*w>d51 z ! pr9ce :5 he became k+4 ,& if "o alleg$ t a b&it :om ,sixtus ,v4 _h hang$ 0 born at ! same "t z ,sixtus ,v41 :o f a pig-h]d became ,pope1 ! a/rolog]s w\ld say "o _h made a mi/ake ( a few seconds1 & t x is impossible1 accord+ to ! rules1 = ! same /> to give ! triple cr[n & ! gibbet4 ,x is !n only because a ho/ ( exp]i5ces beli$ ! pr$ictions1 t m5 p]ceiv$ at la/ t ! art 0 illusory2 b be=e be+ undeceiv$1 !y 7 long cr$ul\s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s ma!maticians 9 ,europe1 nam$ ,/(fl]1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & :o long work$ at ! re=m ( ! cal5d>1 propos$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 =etold a univ]sal flood = ! ye> #aebd4 ,?is flood 0 to arrive 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 & no?+ is m plausible2 = ,saturn1 ,jupit] & ,m>s 7 !n 9 conjunction 9 ! sign ( ,pisces4 ,all ! peoples ( ,europe1 ,asia & ,africa1 :o he>d speak ( ! pr$iction1 7 dismay$4 ,ev]yone expect$ ! flood1 despite ! ra9b[4 ,sev]al contempor>y au?ors record t ! inhabitants ( ! m>itime prov9ces ( ,g]many ha/5$ to sell _! l&s dirt *eap to ^? :o _h mo/ money1 & :o 7 n s cr$ul\s z !y4 ,ev]yone arm$ himself ) a boat z ) an ark4 ,a ,t\l\se doctor1 nam$ ,auriol1 _h a great ark made = himself1 8 family & 8 fri5ds2 ! same precautions 7 tak5 ov] a l>ge "p ( ,italy4 ,at la/ ! mon? ( ,febru>y arriv$1 & n a drop ( wat] fell3 nev] 0 mon? m dry1 & nev] 7 ! a/rolog]s m emb>rass$4 ,nev]!less !y 7 n disc\rag$1 nor neglect$ among u2 almo/ all pr9ces cont9u$ to consult !m4 ,i h n ! hon\r ( be+ a pr9ce2 b ! celebrat$ ,c\nt ( ,b\la9villi]s & an ,italian1 nam$ ,colonne1 :o _h mu* pre/ige 9 ,p>is1 bo? =etold t ,i %\ld die infallibly at ! age ( ?irty-two4 ,i h be5 s malici\s z to deceive !m already by ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 :]e=e ,i humbly beg _! p>don4 ,,a!ism ,,section ,i ,,( ,,! ,,comp>ison ,,s ,,(t5 ,,made ,,betwe5 ,,a!ism ,,& ,,idolatry ,x seems to me t 9 ! ,encyclop$ic ,diction>y ! op9ion ( ! ,jesuit ,ri*eome1 on a!i/s & idolat]s1 has n be5 refut$ z /rongly z x might h be52 op9ion held =m]ly by ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianze1 ,/4 ,cyprian & ,t]tullian1 op9ion t ,arnobius set =? ) mu* =ce :5 he said to ! pagans3 ,d y n blu% to reproa* u ) despis+ y\r gods1 & is x n mu* m prop] to believe 9 no ,god at all1 ?an to impute to !m infam\s actions8#a op9ion e/abli%$ long be=e by ,plut>*1 :o says t he mu* pref]s p to say !re is no ,plut>*1 ?an to say--',!re is an incon/ant1 *ol]ic1 v9dictive ,plut>*'2#b op9ion /r5g!n$ f9ally by all ! ef=t ( ,bayle's dialectic4 ,"h is ! gr\nd ( dispute1 br\ght to fairly dazzl+ light by ! ,jesuit ,ri*eome1 & r5d]$ /ill m plausible by ! way ,bayle has turn$ x to acc\nt4#c ,!re are two port]s at ! door ( a h\se2 !y are ask$3 ',c "o speak to y\r ma/]8' ',he is n !re1' answ]s "o4 ',he is !re1' answ]s ! o!r1 'b he is busy mak+ c\nt]feit money1 =g$ contracts1 dagg]s & poisons1 to undo ^? :o h b accompli%$ 8 purposes4' ,! a!i/ resembles ! fir/ ( ^! port]s1 ! pagan ! o!r4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t ! pagan (f5ds ! ,deity m gravely ?an does ! a!i/4 ,) ,fa!r ,ri*eome's & ev5 ,bayle's p]mission1 t is n at all ! position ( ! matt]4 ,= ! fir/ port] to resemble ! a!i/s1 he mu/ n say--,my ma/] is n "h3 he %\ld say--,i h no ma/]2 him :om y claim to be my ma/] does n exi/2 my comrade is a fool to tell y t he is busy comp\nd+ poisons & %>p5+ dagg]s to assass9ate ^? :o h execut$ 8 caprices4 ,no su* be+ exi/s 9 ! _w4 ,ri*eome has reason$1 !re=e1 v badly4 ,& ,bayle1 9 8 some:at diffuse disc\rses1 has =gott5 himself s f> z to d ,ri*eome ! hon\r ( annotat+ him v malapropos4 ,plut>* seems to express himself mu* bett] 9 pref]r+ p :o affirm !re is no ,plut>*1 to ^? :o claim ,plut>* to be an unsociable man4 ,9 tru?1 :at does x matt] to him t p say he is n 9 ! _w8 ,b x matt]s mu* to him t 8 reputation be n t>ni%$4 ,x is n ?us ) ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,plut>* ev5 does n broa* ! real object "u discussion4 ,x is n a "q ( kn[+ :o (f5ds m ! ,supreme ,be+1 :e!r x be he :o d5ies ,him1 or he :o di/orts ,him4 ,x is impossible to "k o!rwise ?an by revelation1 if ,god is (f5d$ by ! empty ?+s m5 say ( ,him4 ,)\t a ?\ght1 philosoph]s fall almo/ always into ! ideas ( ! common h]d1 9 suppos+ ,god to be jeal\s ( ,8 glory1 to be *ol]ic1 to love v5geance1 & 9 tak+ rhetorical figures = real ideas4 ,! int]e/+ subject = ! :ole univ]se1 is to "k if x be n bett]1 = ! good ( all mank9d1 to admit a rew>d+ & rev5geful ,god1 :o recomp5ses good actions hidd51 & :o puni%es secret crimes1 ?an to admit none at all4 ,bayle exhau/s himself 9 rec\nt+ all ! infamies imput$ by fable to ! gods ( antiquity4 ,8 adv]s>ies answ] him ) commonplaces t signify no?+4 ,! p>tisans ( ,bayle & 8 enemies h almo/ always f\ght )\t mak+ contact4 ,!y all agree t ,jupit] 0 an adult]]1 ,v5us a wanton1 ,m]cury a rogue4 ,b1 z ,i see x1 t is n :at ne$s consid]ation4 ,"o mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses & ! religion ( ! anci5t ,romans4 ,x is q c]ta9 t nev] among ! ,romans or ev5 among ! ,greeks1 0 !re a temple d$icat$ to ,m]cury ! rogue1 ,v5us ! wanton1 ,jupit] ! adult]]4 ,! god :om ! ,romans call$ ,deus optimus1 v good1 v great1 0 n reput$ to enc\rage ,clodius to sleep ) ,cs>'s wife1 or ,cs> to be ,k+ ,nicom$es' ,sodomite4 ,cic]o does n say t ,m]cury incit$ ,v]res to /eal ,sicily1 al?\gh ,m]cury1 9 ! fable1 _h /ol5 ,apollo's c[s4 ,! real religion ( ! anci5ts 0 t ,jupit]1 v good & v j1 & ! second>y gods1 puni%$ ! p]jur] 9 ! inf]nal regions4 ,likewise ! ,romans 7 long ! mo/ religi\s obs]v]s ( oa?s4 ,religion 0 v useful1 !re=e1 to ! ,romans4 ,!re 0 no comm& to believe 9 ,l$a's two eggs1 9 ! *ang+ ( ,ina*us' daught] into a c[1 9 ! love ( ,apollo = ,hyac9?us4 ,"o mu/ n say !re=e t ! religion ( ,numa di%on\r$ ! ,deity4 ,= a long "t1 !re=e1 p h be5 disput+ ov] a *im]a2 :i* happ5s only too (t54 ,! "q is !n ask$ :e!r a nation ( a!i/s c exi/2 x seems to me t "o mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! nation prop]ly s call$1 & a society ( philosoph]s above ! nation4 ,x is v true t 9 e c\ntry ! populace has ne$ ( ! greate/ curb1 & t if ,bayle _h _h only five or six hundr$ peasants to gov]n1 he w\ld n h fail$ to ann\nce to !m ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 rew>d] & rev5g]4 ,b ,bayle w\ld n h spok5 ( ,him to ! ,epicureans :o 7 ri* p1 fond ( re/1 cultivat+ all ! social virtues1 & above all fri5d%ip1 flee+ ! emb>rassm5t & dang] ( public affairs1 9 f9e1 lead+ a com=table & innoc5t life4 ,x seems to me t 9 ?is way ! dispute is f9i%$ z reg>ds society & politics4 ,= entirely savage races1 x has be5 said already t "o _c c\nt !m among ei!r ! a!i/s or ! !i/s4 ,ask+ !m _! belief w\ld be l ask+ !m if !y are = ,ari/otle or ,democritus3 !y "k no?+2 !y are n a!i/s any m ?an !y are ,p]ipatetics4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i %all answ] t ! wolves live l ?is1 & t an assembly ( cannibal b>b>ians su* z y suppose !m is n a society2 & ,i %all always ask y if1 :5 y h l5t y\r money to someone 9 y\r society1 y want nei!r y\r debtor1 nor y\r attorney1 nor y\r judge1 to believe 9 ,god4 ,,( ,,mod]n ,,a!i/s4 ,,reasons ,,( ,,! ,,wor%ipp]s ,,( ,,god ,we are intellig5t be+s3 intellig5t be+s _c h be5 =m$ by a crude1 bl9d1 ins5sible be+3 !re is c]ta9ly "s diff]5ce betwe5 ! ideas ( ,newton & ! dung ( a mule4 ,newton's intellig5ce1 !re=e1 came f ano!r intellig5ce4 ,:5 we see a beautiful ma*9e1 we say t !re is a good eng9e]1 & t ?is eng9e] has excell5t judgm5t4 ,! _w is assur$ly an admirable ma*9e2 !re=e !re is 9 ! _w an admirable intellig5ce1 :]ev] x may be4 ,?is argum5t is old1 & none ! worse = t4 ,all liv+ bodies are compos$ ( lev]s1 ( pulleys1 :i* function accord+ to ! laws ( me*anics2 ( liquids :i* ! laws ( hydro/atics cause to circulate p]petually2 & :5 "o ?9ks t all ^! be+s h a p]ception q unrelat$ to _! organization1 "o is ov]:elm$ ) surprise4 ,! movem5t ( ! heav5ly bodies1 t ( our little e>? r\nd ! sun1 all op]ate by virtue ( ! mo/ pr(\nd ma!matical law4 ,h[ ,plato :o 0 n aw>e ( "o ( ^! laws1 eloqu5t b vision>y ,plato1 :o said t ! e>? 0 erect$ on an equilat]al triangle1 & ! wat] on a "r-angl$ triangle2 /range ,plato1 :o says !re c be only five worlds1 because !re are only five regul> bodies3 h[1 ,i say1 did ,plato1 :o did n "k ev5 sph]ical trigonometry1 h nev]!less a g5ius suffici5tly f9e1 an in/9ct suffici5tly happy1 to call ,god ! ,et]nal ,geomet]1 to feel ! exi/5ce ( a creative intellig5ce8 ,sp9oza himself admits x4 ,x is impossible to /rive aga9/ ?is tru? :i* surr\nds u & :i* presses on u f all sides4 ,,reasons ,,( ,,! ,,a!i/s ,not)/&+1 ,i h kn[n refractory p]sons :o say t !re is no creative intellig5ce at all1 & t movem5t alone has by itself =m$ all t we see & all t we are4 ,!y tell y braz5ly3 ,! comb9ation ( ?is univ]se 0 possible1 see+ t ! comb9ation exi/s3 !re=e x 0 possible t movem5t alone arrang$ x4 ,take f\r ( ! heav5ly bodies only1 ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury & ! ,e>?3 let u ?9k fir/ only ( ! place :]e !y are1 sett+ aside all ! re/1 & let u see h[ _m probabilities we h t movem5t alone put !m 9 _! respective places4 ,we h only tw5ty-f\r *ances 9 ?is comb9ation1 t is1 !re are only tw5ty-f\r *ances aga9/ "o to bet t ^! bodies w n be :]e !y are ) ref]5ce to ea* o!r4 ,let u add to ^! f\r globes t ( ,jupit]2 !re w be only a hundr$ & tw5ty aga9/ "o to bet t ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury & our globe1 w n be plac$ :]e we see !m4 ,add f9ally ,saturn3 !re w be only sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty *ances aga9/ "o1 = putt+ ^! six big planets 9 ! arrangem5t !y pres]ve among !mselves1 accord+ to _! giv5 di/ances4 ,x is !re=e demon/rat$ t 9 sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty ?r[s1 movem5t alone has be5 able to put ^! six pr9cipal planets 9 _! ord]4 ,take !n all ! second>y bodies1 all _! comb9ations1 all _! movem5ts1 all ! be+s t vegetate1 t live1 t feel1 t ?9k1 t function 9 all ! globes1 y w h b to increase ! numb] ( *ances2 multiply ?is numb] 9 all et]nity1 up to ! numb] :i* our feebl5ess calls 'inf9ity1' !re w always be a unity 9 fav\r ( ! =mation ( ! _w1 su* z x is1 by movem5t alone3 !re=e x is possible t 9 all et]nity ! movem5t ( matt] alone has produc$ ! entire univ]se su* z x exi/s4 ,x is ev5 inevitable t 9 et]nity ?is comb9ation %\ld occur4 ,?us1 !y say1 n only is x possible = ! _w to be :at x is by movem5t alone1 b x 0 impossible = x n to be likewise aft] an inf9ity ( comb9ations4 ,,answ] ,all ?is supposition seems to me prodigi\sly fanta/ic1 = two reasons2 fir/1 t 9 ?is univ]se !re are intellig5t be+s1 & t y w\ld n "k h[ to prove x possible = movem5t alone to produce und]/&+2 second1 t1 f y\r own av[al1 !re is inf9ity aga9/ "o to bet1 t an intellig5t creative cause animates ! univ]se4 ,:5 "o is alone face to face ) ! inf9ite1 "o feels v small4 ,aga91 ,sp9oza himself admits ?is intellig5ce2 x is ! basis ( 8 sy/em4 ,y h n read x1 & x mu/ be read4 ,:y d y want to g fur!r ?an him1 & 9 fooli% arrogance plunge y\r feeble reason 9 an abyss into :i* ,sp9oza d>$ n desc5d8 ,d y realize ?or\ghly ! extreme folly ( say+ t x is a bl9d cause t arranges t ! squ>e ( a planet's revolution is always to ! squ>e ( ! revolutions ( o!r planets1 z ! cube ( its di/ance is to ! cube ( ! di/ances ( ! o!rs to ! common c5tre8 ,ei!r ! heav5ly bodies are great geomet]s1 or ! ,et]nal ,geomet] has arrang$ ! heav5ly bodies4 ,b :]e is ! ,et]nal ,geomet]8 is ,he 9 "o place or 9 all places1 )\t occupy+ space8 ,i h no idea4 ,is x ( ,8 own sub/ance t ,he has arrang$ all ?+s8 ,i h no idea4 ,is ,he imm5se )\t quantity & )\t quality8 ,i h no idea4 ,all t ,i "k is t "o mu/ wor%ip ,him & be j4 ,,new ,,objection ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,a!i/#d ,c "o say t ! p>ts ( animals con=m to _! ne$s3 :at are ^! ne$s8 pres]vation & propagation4 ,is x a/oni%+ !n t1 ( ! inf9ite comb9ations :i* *ance has produc$1 !re has be5 able to subsi/ only ^? t h organs adapt$ to ! n\ri%m5t & cont9uation ( _! species8 h n all ! o!rs p]i%$ ( necessity8 ,,answ] ,?is objection1 (t-repeat$ s9ce ,lucretius1 is suffici5tly refut$ by ! gift ( s5sation 9 animals1 & by ! gift ( intellig5ce 9 man4 ,h[ %\ld comb9ations :i* *ance has produc$1 produce ?is s5sation & ?is intellig5ce 7z has j be5 said 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph78 ,)\t any d\bt ! limbs ( animals are made = _! ne$s ) incompreh5sible art1 & y are n s bold z to d5y x4 ,y say no m ab\t x4 ,y feel t y h no?+ to answ] to ?is great argum5t :i* nature br+s aga9/ y4 ,! disposition ( a fly's w+1 a snail's organs suffices to br+ y to ! gr\nd4 ,,maup]tuis' ,,objection ,mod]n natural philosoph]s h b exp&$ ^! s-call$ argum5ts1 (t5 !y h pu%$ !m to trifl+ & indec5cy4 ,!y h f\nd ,god 9 ! folds ( ! sk9 ( ! rh9oc]os3 "o c\ld1 ) equal reason1 d5y ,8 exi/5ce because ( ! tortoise's %ell4 ,,answ] ,:at reason+6 ,! tortoise & ! rh9oc]os1 & all ! diff]5t species1 are pro( equally 9 _! inf9ite v>iety ( ! same cause1 ! same design1 ! same aim1 :i* are pres]vation1 g5]ation & dea?4 ,!re is unity 9 ?is inf9ite v>iety2 ! %ell & ! sk9 be> witness equally4 ,:at6 d5y ,god because %ell does n resemble lea!r6 ,& j\rnali/s h be5 prodigal ( eulogies ab\t ^! ineptitudes1 eulogies !y h n giv5 to ,newton & ,locke1 bo? wor%ipp]s ( ! ,deity :o spoke ) full k4 ,,maup]tuis' ,,objection ,( :at use are beauty & proportion 9 ! con/ruction ( ! snake8 ,!y may h uses1 "s say1 ( :i* we are ignorant4 ,at lea/ let u be sil5t !n2 let u n admire an animal :i* we "k only by ! h>m x does4 ,,answ] ,& be y sil5t too1 see+ t y _c conceive its utility any m ?an ,i c2 or av[ t 9 reptiles ev]y?+ is admirably proportion$4 ,"s are v5om\s1 y h be5 s y\rself4 ,"h !re is "q only ( ! prodigi\s art :i* has =m$ snakes1 quadrup$s1 birds1 fi% & bip$s4 ,?is art is suffici5tly evid5t4 ,y ask :y ! snake does h>m8 ,& y1 :y h y done h>m s _m times8 ,:y h y be5 a p]secutor8 :i* is ! greate/ ( all crimes = a philosoph]4 ,t is ano!r "q1 a "q ( moral & physical ill4 ,= long has "o ask$ :y !re are s _m snakes & s _m wick$ m5 worse ?an snakes4 ,if flies c\ld reason1 !y w\ld compla9 to ,god ( ! exi/5ce ( spid]s2 b !y w\ld admit :at ,m9]va admitt$ ab\t ,ara*ne1 9 ! fable1 t %e arranges h] web m>vell\sly4 ,"o is b\nd !re=e to recognize an ineffable intellig5ce :i* ev5 ,sp9oza admitt$4 ,"o mu/ agree t ?is intellig5ce %9es 9 ! vile/ insect z 9 ! />s4 ,& z reg>ds moral & physical ill1 :at c "o say1 :at d8 console oneself by enjoy+ physical & moral good1 9 wor%ipp+ ! ,et]nal ,be+ :o has made "o & p]mitt$ ! o!r4 ,"o m ^w on ?is subject4 ,a!ism is ! vice ( a few intellig5t p]sons1 & sup]/ition is ! vice ( fools4 ,b rogues6 :at are !y8 rogues4 ,,section ,,ii ,let u say a ^w on ! moral "q set 9 action by ,bayle1 to "k if a society ( a!i/s c\ld exi/8 ,let u m>k fir/ ( all 9 ?is matt] :at is ! enorm\s contradiction ( m5 9 ?is dispute2 ^? :o h ris5 aga9/ ,bayle's op9ion ) ! greate/ ard\r2 ^? :o h d5i$ ) ! greate/ insults ! possibility ( a society ( a!i/s1 h s9ce ma9ta9$ ) ! same intrepidity t a!ism is ! religion ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,*9a4 ,assur$ly !y are q mi/ak5 ab\t ! ,*9ese gov]nm5t2 !y _h b to read ! edicts ( ! emp]ors ( ?is va/ c\ntry to h se5 t ^! edicts are s]mons1 & t ev]y:]e !re is m5tion ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 rul]1 rev5g]1 rew>d]4 ,b at ! same "t !y are n less mi/ak5 on ! impossibility ( a society ( a!i/s2 & ,i d n "k h[ ,mr4 ,bayle c h =gott5 "o /rik+ example :i* 0 capable ( mak+ 8 cause victori\s4 ,9 :at does a society ( a!i/s appe> impossible8 ,x is t "o judges t m5 :o _h no *eck c\ld nev] live toge!r2 t laws c d no?+ aga9/ secret crimes2 t a rev5geful ,god :o puni%es 9 ?is _w or ! o!r ! wick$ :o h escap$ human ju/ice is necess>y4 ,! laws ( ,moses1 x is true1 did n tea* a life to come1 did n ?reat5 puni%m5ts aft] dea?1 did n tea* ! fir/ ,jews ! immortality ( ! s\l2 b ! ,jews1 f> f be+ a!i/s1 f> f believ+ 9 avoid+ div9e v5geance1 7 ! mo/ religi\s ( all m54 ,n only did !y believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( an et]nal ,god1 b !y believ$ ,him always pres5t among !m2 !y trembl$ le/ !y be puni%$ 9 !mselves1 9 _! wives1 9 _! *ildr51 9 _! po/]ity1 ev5 unto ! f\r? g5]ation2 ?is curb 0 v pot5t4 ,b1 among ! ,g5tiles1 _m sects _h no curb2 ! sceptics d\bt$ ev]y?+3 ! academicians susp5d$ judgm5t on ev]y?+2 ! ,epicureans 7 p]suad$ t ! ,deity c\ld n mix ,himself 9 ! affairs ( m52 & at bottom1 !y admitt$ no ,deity4 ,!y 7 conv9c$ t ! s\l is n a sub/ance1 b a faculty :i* is born & :i* p]i%es ) ! body2 consequ5tly !y _h no yoke o!r ?an morality & hon\r4 ,! ,roman s5ators & knights 7 v]itable a!i/s1 = ! gods did n exi/ = m5 :o nei!r fe>$ nor hop$ any?+ f !m4 ,! ,roman s5ate 9 ! "t ( ,cs> & ,cic]o1 0 !re=e really an assembly ( a!i/s4 ,t great orator1 9 8 h>angue = ,clu5tius1 says to ! :ole s5ate 9 assembly3 ,:at ill does dea? d him8 we reject all ! inept fables ( ! ne!r regions3 ( :at !n has dea? depriv$ him8 ( no?+ b ! consci\sness ( suff]+4 ,does n ,cs>1 ! fri5d ( ,catal9e1 wi%+ to save 8 fri5d's life aga9/ ?is same ,cic]o1 object to him t to make a crim9al die is n to puni% him at all1 t dea? is no?+1 t x is m]ely ! end ( our ills1 t x is a mom5t m happy ?an calamit\s8 ,& d n ,cic]o & ! :ole s5ate surr5d] to ^! reasons8 ,! conqu]ors & ! legislators ( ! kn[n univ]se =m$ visibly !re=e a society ( m5 :o fe>$ no?+ f ! gods1 :o 7 real a!i/s4 ,fur!r on ,bayle exam9es :e!r idolatry is m dang]\s ?an a!ism1 if x is a great] crime n to believe 9 ! ,deity ?an to h unwor?y op9ions !re(3 9 t he is ( ,plut>*'s op9ion2 he believes x is bett] to h no op9ion ?an to h a bad op9ion2 b ) all def]5ce to ,plut>*1 x 0 cle>ly inf9itely bett] = ! ,greeks to fe> ,c]es1 ,neptune & ,jupit]1 ?an to fe> no?+ at all4 ,! sanctity ( oa?s is cle>ly necess>y1 & "o %\ld h m confid5ce 9 ^? :o believe t a false oa? w be puni%$1 ?an 9 ^? :o ?9k !y c make a false oa? ) impunity4 ,x is indubitable t 9 a civiliz$ t[n1 x is inf9itely m useful to h a religion1 ev5 a bad "o1 ?an to h none at all4 ,x looks1 !re=e1 t ,bayle %\ld h exam9$ r :i* is ! m dang]\s1 fanaticism or a!ism4 ,fanaticism is c]ta9ly a ?\s& times m deadly2 = a!ism inspires no bloody passion1 :]eas fanaticism does3 a!ism is n oppos$ to crime1 b fanaticism causes crimes to be committ$4 ,fanatics committ$ ! massacres ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,hobbes pass$ = an a!i/2 he l$ a tranquil & innoc5t life4 ,! fanatics ( 8 "t delug$ ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel& ) blood4 ,sp9oza 0 n only a!i/1 b he taught a!ism2 x 0 n he assur$ly :o took "p 9 ! judicial assass9ation ( ,b>neveldt2 x 0 n he :o tore ! bro!rs ,de ,witt 9 pieces1 & :o ate !m grill$4 ,! a!i/s are = ! mo/ "p impud5t & misguid$ s*ol>s :o reason badly1 & :o n be+ able to und]/& ! creation1 ! orig9 ( evil1 & o!r difficulties1 h rec\rse to ! hypo!sis ( ! et]nity ( ?+s & ( inevitability4 ,! ambiti\s1 ! s5sual1 h h>dly "t = reason+1 & = embrac+ a bad sy/em2 !y h o!r ?+s to d ?an comp>+ ,lucretius ) ,socrates4 ,t is h[ ?+s g among u4 ,t 0 n h[ ?+s w5t ) ! ,roman s5ate :i* 0 almo/ entirely compos$ ( a!i/s 9 !ory & 9 practice1 t is to say1 :o believ$ 9 nei!r a ,provid5ce nor a future life2 ?is s5ate 0 an assembly ( philosoph]s1 ( s5suali/s & ambiti\s m51 all v dang]\s1 :o ru9$ ! republic4 ,epicureanism exi/$ "u ! emp]ors3 ! a!i/s ( ! s5ate _h be5 rebels 9 ! "t ( ,sylla & ,cs>3 "u ,augu/us & ,tib]ius !y 7 a!i/ slaves4 ,i w\ld n wi% to h to deal ) an a!i/ pr9ce1 :o w\ld f9d x to 8 int]e/ to h me gr\nd to p[d] 9 a mort>3 ,i %\ld be q sure ( be+ gr\nd to p[d]4 ,if ,i 7 a sov]eign1 ,i w\ld n wi% to h to deal ) a!i/ c\rti]s1 ^: int]e/ x w\ld be to poison me3 ,i %\ld h to be tak+ antidotes e day4 ,x is !re=e absolutely necess>y = pr9ces & = peoples1 t ! idea ( a ,supreme ,be+1 creator1 rul]1 rew>d]1 rev5g]1 %all be deeply engrav$ 9 p's m9ds4 ,bayle says1 9 8 ,?\ghts on ! ,comets1 t !re are a!i/ peoples4 ,! ,caffres1 ! ,hott5tots1 ! ,top9amb\s1 & _m o!r small nations1 h no ,god3 !y nei!r d5y nor affirm2 !y h nev] he>d speak ( ,him2 tell !m t !re is a ,god3 !y w believe x easily2 tell !m t ev]y?+ happ5s ?r\gh ! nature ( ?+s2 !y w believe y equally4 ,to claim t !y are a!i/s is to make ! same imputation z if "o said !y are anti-,c>tesian2 !y are nei!r = nor aga9/ ,desc>tes4 ,!y are real *ildr52 a *ild is nei!r a!i/ nor dei/1 he is no?+4 ,:at conclusion %all we draw f all ?is8 ,t a!ism is a v p]nici\s mon/] 9 ^? :o gov]n2 t x is also p]nici\s 9 ! p]sons ar\nd /atesm51 al?\gh _! lives may be innoc5t1 because f _! cab9ets x may pi]ce "r to ! /atesm5 !mselves2 t if x is n s deadly z fanaticism1 x is ne>ly always fatal to virtue4 ,let u add especially t !re are less a!i/s to-day ?an ev]1 s9ce philosoph]s h recogniz$ t !re is no be+ vegetat+ )\t g]m1 no g]m )\t a plan1 etc41 & t :eat comes 9 no wise f putrefaction4 ,"s geomet]s :o are n philosoph]s h reject$ f9al causes1 b real philosoph]s admit !m2 a cate*i/ proclaims ,god to ! *ildr51 & ,newton demon/rates ,him to ! le>n$4 ,if !re are a!i/s1 :om mu/ "o blame1 if n ! m]c5>y tyrants ( s\ls1 :o1 mak+ u revolt aga9/ _! knav]ies1 =ce a few weak m9ds to d5y ! ,god :om ^! mon/]s di%on\r4 ,h[ _m times h ! p's lee*es br\ght oppress$ citiz5s to ! po9t ( revolt+ aga9/ _! k+6 ,m5 fatt5$ on our sub/ance cry to u3 ,be p]suad$ t a %e-ass has spok52 believe t a fi% has swall[$ a man & has giv5 him up at ! end ( ?ree days safe & s\nd on ! %ore2 h no d\bt t ! ,god ( ! univ]se ord]$ "o ,jewi% prophet to eat excrem5t 7,ezekiel71 & ano!r prophet to buy two :ores & to make ) !m sons ( :or$om 7,hosea74 ,^! are ! v words t ! ,god ( tru? & purity has be5 made to utt]2 believe a hundr$ ?+s ei!r visibly abom9able or ma!matically impossible2 unless y d1 ! ,god ( pity w burn y1 n only dur+ millions ( ?\s&s ( millions ( c5turies 9 ! fire ( hell1 b ?r\gh all et]nity1 :e!r y h a body1 :e!r y h n4 ,^! inconceivable absurdities revolt weak & ra% m9ds1 z well z wise & resolute m9ds4 ,!y say3 ,our ma/]s pa9t ,god to u z ! mo/ ins5sate & ! mo/ b>b>\s ( all be+s2 !re=e !re is no ,god2 b !y %\ld say3 !re=e our ma/]s attribute to ,god _! absurdities & _! furies1 !re=e ,god is ! contr>y ( :at !y proclaim1 !re=e ,god is z wise & z good z !y make him out mad & wick$4 ,x is ?us t wise m5 acc\nt = ?+s4 ,b if a bigot he>s !m1 he d5\nces !m to a magi/rate :o is a wat*dog ( ! prie/s2 & ?is wat*dog has !m burn$ ov] a sl[ fire1 9 ! belief t he is av5g+ & imitat+ ! div9e maje/y he outrages4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,arnobius1 ,adv]sus ,g5tes41 lib4 v4 #b ,( ,sup]/ition1 by ,plut>*4 #c ,see ,bayle1 ,cont9uation ( ,div]s ,?\ghts1 p>4 #gg1 art4 ,,xiii4 #d ,see1 = ?is objection1 ,maup]tuis' ,essay on ,cosmology1 fir/ "p4 ,,au?ority ,wret*$ human be+s1 :e!r y we> gre5 robes1 turbans1 black robes or surplices1 cloaks & neckb&s1 nev] seek to use au?ority :]e !re is "q only ( reason1 or cons5t to be sc(f$ at ?r\gh\t ! c5turies z ! mo/ imp]t95t ( all m51 & to suff] public hatr$ z ! mo/ unju/4 ,a hundr$ times has "o spok5 to y ( ! insol5t absurdity ) :i* y condemn$ ,galileo1 & ,i speak to y = ! hundr$ & fir/1 & ,i hope y w keep ! anniv]s>y ( x = ev]2 ,i desire t !re be grav$ on ! door ( y\r ,holy ,(fice3 ,"h sev5 c>d9als1 assi/$ by m9or bre?r51 _h ! ma/] ( ?\ght 9 ,italy ?r[n into prison at ! age ( sev5ty2 made him fa/ on bread & wat] because he in/ruct$ ! human race1 & because !y 7 ignorant4 ,!re 0 pron\nc$ a s5t5ce 9 fav\r ( ,ari/otle's categories1 & !re 0 decre$ le>n$ly & equitably ! p5alty ( ! galleys = :oev] %\ld be suffici5tly d>+ z to h an op9ion diff]5t f t ( ! ,/agyrite1 ^: books 7 =m]ly burn$ by two c\ncils4 ,fur!r on a faculty1 :i* _h n great faculties1 issu$ a decree aga9/ innate ideas1 & lat] a decree = innate ideas1 )\t ! said faculty be+ in=m$ by its beadles :at an idea is4 ,9 ! neighb\r+ s*ools judicial proce$+s 7 in/itut$ aga9/ ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,an action 0 />t$ aga9/ inoculation1 & p>ties h be5 subpo5a$4 ,at ! ,cu/oms ( ?\ght tw5ty-"o folio volumes 7 seiz$1 9 :i* x 0 /at$ trea*]\sly & wick$ly t triangles always h ?ree angles2 t a fa!r is old] ?an 8 son2 t ,rhea ,silvia lo/ h] virg9ity be=e giv+ bir? to h] *ild1 & t fl\r is n an oak leaf4 ,9 ano!r ye> 0 judg$ ! action3 ,utrum *im]a bomb9ans 9 vacuo possit com$]e secundas int5tiones1 & 0 decid$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ev]yone ?\ght !mselves f> sup]ior to ,ar*im$es1 ,euclid1 ,cic]o1 ,pl9y1 & /rutt$ pr\dly ab\t ! ,univ]sity qu>t]4 ,,au?ors ,au?or is a g5]ic "n :i* c1 l ! "n ( all o!r pr(essions1 signify good or bad1 wor?y ( respect or ridicule1 useful & agreeable1 or tra% = ! wa/epap]-basket4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we ?9k t ! au?or ( a good "w %\ld refra9 f ?ree ?+s--f putt+ 8 "n1 save v mode/ly1 f ! epi/le d$icatory1 & f ! preface4 ,o!rs %\ld refra9 f a f\r?--t is1 f writ+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prefaces are ano!r /umbl+-block4 ,! ',i1' said ,pascal1 is hateful4 ,speak z little ( y\rself z possible2 = y mu/ "k t ! read]'s self-e/eem is z great z y\rs4 ,he w nev] =give y = want+ to condemn him to h a good op9ion ( y4 ,x is = y\r book to speak = y1 if x comes to be read by ! cr[d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y want to be an au?or1 if y want to write a book2 reflect t x mu/ be useful & new1 or at lea/ inf9itely agreeable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if an ignoramus1 a pamphlete]1 presumes to criticize )\t discrim9ation1 y c conf\nd him2 b make r>e m5tion ( him1 = fe> ( sully+ y\r writ+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y are attack$ z reg>ds y\r /yle1 nev] reply2 x is = y\r "w alone to make answ]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,someone says y are ill1 be cont5t t y are well1 )\t want+ to prove to ! public t y are 9 p]fect heal?4 ,& above all rememb] t ! public c>es preci\s little :e!r y are well or ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a hundr$ au?ors make compilations 9 ord] to h bread1 & tw5ty pamphlete]s make exc]pts f ^! compilations1 or apology = !m1 or criticism & satire ( !m1 also ) ! idea ( hav+ bread1 because !y h no o!r trade4 ,all ^! p]sons g on ,friday to ! police lieut5ant ( ,p>is to ask p]mission to sell _! rubbi%4 ,!y h audi5ce imm$iately aft] ! /rumpets :o d n look at !m because !y "k t ^! are und]h& deal+s4#e 99 99 99 99 99 ,real au?ors are ^? :o h succe$$ 9 "o ( ! real arts1 9 epic poetry1 9 trag$y or com$y1 9 hi/ory or philosophy1 :o h taught m5 or *>m$ !m4 ,! o!rs ( :om we h spok5 are1 among m5 ( lett]s1 :at wasps are among birds4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,:5 ,voltaire 0 writ+1 x 0 ! police lieut5ant ( ,p>is :o _h1 "u ! *ancellor1 ! inspection ( books3 s9ce !n1 a "p ( 8 dep>tm5t has be5 tak5 f him4 ,he has kept only ! inspection ( !atrical plays & works bel[ ^? on pr9t$ %eets4 ,! detail ( ?is "p is imm5se4 ,9 ,p>is "o is n p]mitt$ to pr9t t "o has lo/ "o's dog1 unless ! police are assur$ t 9 ! poor bea/'s description !re is no proposition contr>y to morality & religion 7#ahai74 ,,bani%m5t ,bani%m5t = a p]iod or = life1 puni%m5t to :i* "o condemns del9qu5ts1 or ^? "o wi%es to appe> z su*4 ,n long ago "o bani%$ outside ! sph]e ( jurisdiction a petty ?ief1 a petty =g]1 a man guilty ( an act ( viol5ce4 ,! result 0 t he became a big robb]1 a =g] on a big scale1 & murd]] )9 ! sph]e ( ano!r jurisdiction4 ,x is z if we ?rew into our neighb\rs' fields ! /ones :i* incommode u 9 our own4 ,^? :o h writt5 on ! rights ( m51 h be5 mu* torm5t$ to "k = c]ta9 if a man :o has be5 bani%$ f 8 fa!rl& /ill belongs to 8 fa!rl&4 ,x is ne>ly ! same ?+ z ask+ if a gambl] :o has be5 driv5 away f ! gam+-table is /ill "o ( ! gambl]s4 ,if to e man x is p]mitt$ by natural "r to *oose 8 fa!rl&1 he :o has lo/ ! "r ( citiz5 c1 ) all ! m reason1 *oose = himself a new fa!rl&2 b c he be> arms aga9/ 8 =m] fell[-citiz5s8 ,!re are a ?\s& examples ( x4 ,h[ _m ,fr5* prote/ants naturaliz$ 9 ,holl&1 ,engl& & ,g]many h s]v$ aga9/ ,france1 & aga9/ armies conta9+ _! own k9dr$ & _! own bro!rs6 ,! ,greeks :o 7 9 ! ,k+ ( ,p]sia's armies made w> on ! ,greeks1 _! =m] compatriots4 ,"o has se5 ! ,swiss 9 ! ,dut* s]vice fire on ! ,swiss 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice4 ,x is /ill worse ?an to fight aga9/ ^? :o h bani%$ y2 =1 aft] all1 x seems less di%one/ to draw ! sword = v5geance ?an to draw x = money4 ,,bankruptcy ,few bankruptcies 7 kn[n 9 ,france be=e ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! great reason is t !re 7 no bank]s4 ,lomb>ds1 ,jews l5t on security at t5 p] c5t3 trade 0 conduct$ 9 ca%4 ,ex*ange1 remittances to =eign c\ntries 7 a secret unkn[n to all judges4 ,x is n t _m p 7 n ru9$2 b t 0 n call$ bankruptcy2 "o said discomfiture2 ?is ^w is sweet] to ! e>4 ,"o us$ ! ^w rupture z did ! ,b\lonnais2 b rupture does n s\nd s well4 ,! bankruptcies came to u f ,italy1 bancorotto1 banc>otta1 gamb>otta e la giu/izia non impic>4 ,e m]*ant _h 8 b5* 7banco7 9 ! place ( ex*ange2 & :5 he _h conduct$ 8 bus9ess badly1 decl>$ himself fallito1 & ab&on$ 8 prop]ty to 8 cr$itors ) ! proviso t he reta9 a good "p ( x = himself1 be free & reput$ a v upright man4 ,!re 0 no?+ to be said to him1 8 b5* 0 brok51 banco rotto1 banca rotta2 he c\ld ev51 9 c]ta9 t[ns1 keep all 8 prop]ty & baulk 8 cr$itors1 provid$ he seat$ himself b>e-bottom$ on a /one 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! m]*ants4 ,?is 0 a mild d]ivation ( ! old ,roman prov]b--solv]e aut 9 a]e aut 9 cute1 to pay ei!r ) "o's money or "o's sk94 ,b ?is cu/om no long] exi/s2 cr$itors h pref]r$ _! money to a bankrupt's h9d] p>ts4 ,9 ,engl& & 9 "s o!r c\ntries1 "o decl>es oneself bankrupt 9 ! gazettes4 ,! p>tn]s & cr$itors ga!r toge!r by virtue ( ?is ann\ncem5t :i* is read 9 ! c(fee-h\ses1 & !y come to an arrangem5t z be/ !y c4 ,z among ! bankruptcies !re are frequ5tly fraudul5t cases1 x has be5 necess>y to puni% !m4 ,if !y are tak5 to c\rt !y are ev]y:]e reg>d$ z !ft1 & ! guilty are condemn$ to ignom9i\s p5alties4 ,x is n true t 9 ,france ! dea? p5alty 0 decre$ aga9/ bankrupts )\t di/9ction4 ,simple failures involv$ no p5alty2 fraudul5t bankrupts suff]$ ! p5alty ( dea? 9 ! /ates ( ,orleans1 "u ,*>les ,,ix41 & 9 ! /ates ( ,blois 9 #aegf1 b ^! edicts1 r5ew$ by ,h5ry ,,iv41 7 m]ely comm9atory4 ,x is too difficult to prove t a man has di%on\r$ himself on purpose1 & has volunt>ily c$$ all 8 goods to 8 cr$itors 9 ord] to *eat !m4 ,:5 !re has be5 a d\bt1 "o has be5 cont5t ) putt+ ! un=tunate man 9 ! pillory1 or ) s5d+ him to ! galleys1 al?\gh ord9>ily a bank] makes a poor convict4 ,bankrupts 7 v fav\rably treat$ 9 ! la/ ye> ( ,l\is ,,xiv4's reign1 & dur+ ! ,reg5cy4 ,! sad /ate to :i* ! int]ior ( ! k+dom 0 r$uc$1 ! multitude ( m]*ants :o c\ld n or w\ld n pay1 ! quantity ( unsold or unsellable effects1 ! fe> ( int]rupt+ all comm]ce1 oblig$ ! gov]nm5t 9 #agae1 #agaf1 #agah1 #agba1 #agbb1 & #agbf to susp5d all proce$+s aga9/ all ^? :o 7 9 a /ate ( insolv5cy4 ,! discussions ( ^! actions 7 ref]r$ to ! judge-consuls2 ?is is a jurisdiction ( m]*ants v exp]t 9 ^! cases1 & bett] con/itut$ = go+ into ^! comm]cial details ?an ! p>liam5ts :i* h always be5 m occupi$ ) ! laws ( ! k+dom ?an ) f9ance4 ,z ! /ate 0 at t "t go+ bankrupt1 x w\ld h be5 too h>d to puni% ! poor middle-class bankrupts4 ,s9ce !n we h _h em95t m51 fraudul5t bankrupts1 b !y h n be5 puni%$4 ,,beauty ,ask a toad :at beauty is1 ! to kalon8 ,he w answ] y t x is 8 toad wife ) two great r\nd eyes issu+ f h] little head1 a wide1 flat m\?1 a yell[ belly1 a br[n back4 ,int]rogate a ,gu9ea negro1 = him beauty is a black oily sk91 deep-set eyes1 a flat nose4 ,int]rogate ! devil2 he w tell y t beauty is a pair ( horns1 f\r claws & a tail4 ,consult1 la/ly1 ! philosoph]s1 !y w answ] y ) gibb]i%3 !y h to h some?+ con=m+ to ! ar*-type ( beauty 9 ess5ce1 to ! to kalon4 ,"o day ,i 0 at a trag$y ne> by a philosoph]4 ,h[ beautiful t is6 he said4 ,:at d y f9d beautiful !re8 ,i ask$4 ,x is beautiful1 he answ]$1 because ! au?or has rea*$ 8 goal4 ,! foll[+ day he took "s m$ic9e :i* did him good4 ,! m$ic9e has rea*$ its goal1 ,i said to him4 ,:at a beautiful m$ic9e6 ,he grasp$ t "o _c say a m$ic9e is beautiful1 & t to give ! "n ( beauty to some?+1 ! ?+ mu/ cause y to admire x & give y pleasure4 ,he agre$ t ! trag$y _h inspir$ ^! s5tim5ts 9 him1 & t !re 0 ! to kalon1 beauty4 ,we j\rney$ to ,engl&3 ! same piece1 p]fectly translat$1 0 play$ !re2 x made ev]ybody 9 ! audi5ce yawn4 ,ho1 ho6 he said1 ! to kalon is n ! same = ! ,engli% & ! ,fr5*4 ,aft] mu* reflection he came to ! conclusion t beauty is (t5 v relative1 j z :at is dec5t 9 ,japan is indec5t 9 ,rome1 & :at is fa%ionable 9 ,p>is1 is n fa%ionable 9 ,pek92 & he sav$ himself ! tr\ble ( compos+ a long treatise on beauty4 ,!re are actions :i* ! :ole _w f9ds beautiful4 ,two ( ,cs>'s (fic]s1 mortal enemies1 s5d ea* o!r a *all5ge1 n z to :o %all %$ ! o!r's blood ) ti]ce & qu>te beh9d a ?icket z ) u1 b z to :o %all be/ def5d ! ,roman camp1 :i* ! ,b>b>ians are ab\t to attack4 ,"o ( !m1 hav+ repuls$ ! enemy1 is ne> succumb+2 ! o!r ru%es to 8 aid1 saves 8 life1 & completes ! victory4 ,a fri5d sacrifices 8 life = 8 fri5d2 a son = 8 fa!r4444 ,! ,algonqu91 ! ,fr5*man1 ! ,*9aman1 w all say t t is v beautiful1 t ^! actions give !m pleasure1 t !y admire !m4 ,!y w say z mu* ( ! great moral maxims1 ( ,z>a?u/ra's--,9 d\bt if an action be j1 ab/a94442 ( ,confucius'--,=get injuries1 nev] =get k9dnesses4 ,! negro ) ! r\nd eyes & flat nose1 :o w n give ! "n ( beauties to ! ladies ( our c\rts1 w )\t hesitation give x to ^! actions & ^! maxims4 ,! wick$ man ev5 w recognize ! beauty ( ^! virtues :i* he d>e n imitate4 ,! beauty :i* /rikes ! s5ses m]ely1 ! imag9ation1 & t :i* is call$ intellig5ce1 is (t5 unc]ta9 !re=e4 ,! beauty :i* speaks to ! he>t is n t4 ,y w f9d a ho/ ( p :o w tell y t !y h f\nd no?+ beautiful 9 ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! ,iliad2 b nobody w d5y t ,codrus' devotion to 8 p 0 v beautiful1 suppos+ x to be true4 ,!re are _m o!r reasons :i* det]m9e me n to write a treatise on beauty4 ,,bi%op ,samuel ,ornik1 native ( ,basle1 01 z y "k1 a v amiable "y man :o1 besides1 knew 8 ,new ,te/am5t by he>t 9 ,greek & ,g]man4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty 8 p>5ts s5t him on a j\rney4 ,he 0 *>g$ to c>ry "s books to ! coadjutor ( ,p>is1 at ! "t ( ! ,fronde4 ,he arriv$ at ! door ( ! ar*bi%op's resid5ce2 ! ,swiss told him t ,monseigneur saw nobody4 ,comrade1 said ,ornik to him1 y are v rude to y\r compatriots4 ,! apo/les let ev]yone approa*1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ desir$ t p %\ld suff] all ! little *ildr5 to come to him4 ,i h no?+ to ask ( y\r ma/]2 on ! contr>y1 ,i h br\ght him some?+4 ,come inside1 !n1 said ! ,swiss4 ,he waits an h\r 9 a fir/ ante*amb]4 ,z he 0 v nave1 he began a conv]sation ) a s]vant1 :o 0 v fond ( tell+ all he knew ( 8 ma/]4 ,he mu/ be mightily ri*1 said ,ornik1 to h ?is cr[d ( pages & flunkeys :om ,i see runn+ ab\t ! h\se4 ,i don't "k :at 8 income is1 answ]$ ! o!r1 b ,i he>d x said to ,joly & ! ,abb ,*>i] t he already _h two millions ( debts4 ,b :o is t lady com+ out ( ! room8 ,t is ,madame de ,pom]eu1 "o ( 8 mi/resses4 ,%e is really v pretty2 b ,i h n read t ! apo/les _h su* company 9 _! b$rooms 9 ! morn+s4 ,ah6 ,i ?9k ! ar*bi%op is go+ to give audi5ce4 ,say--',8 ,highness1 ,monseigneur4' ,will+ly4 ,ornik salutes ,8 ,highness1 pres5ts 8 books1 & is receiv$ ) a v graci\s smile4 ,! ar*bi%op says f\r words to him1 !n climbs into 8 coa*1 escort$ by fifty horsem54 ,9 climb+1 ,monseigneur lets a %ea? fall4 ,ornik is q a/oni%$ t ,monseigneur c>ries s l>ge an ink-horn 9 8 pocket4 ,don't y see t's 8 dagg]8 says ! *att]box4 ,ev]yone c>ries a dagg] :5 he goes to p>liam5t4 ,t's a pleasant way ( (ficiat+1 says ,ornik2 & he goes away v a/oni%$4 ,he trav]ses ,france1 & enlight5s himself f t[n to t[n2 !nce he passes into ,italy4 ,:5 he is 9 ! ,pope's t]ritory1 he meets "o ( ^? bi%ops ) a ?\s& cr[ns income1 walk+ on foot4 ,ornik 0 v polite2 he (f]s him a place 9 8 cambiature4 ,y are d\btless on y\r way to com=t "s sick man1 ,monseigneur8 ,sir1 ,i am on my way to my ma/]'s4 ,y\r ma/]8 t is ,jesus ,*ri/1 d\btless8 ,sir1 x is ,c>d9al ,azol92 ,i am 8 almon]4 ,he pays me v poorly2 b he has promis$ to place me 9 ! s]vice ( ,donna ,olimpia1 ! fav\rite si/]-9-law di no/ro signore4 ,:at6 y are 9 ! pay ( a c>d9al8 ,b d y n "k t !re 7 no c>d9als 9 ! "t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,john8 ,is x possible8 cri$ ! ,italian prelate4 ,no?+ is m true2 y h read x 9 ! ,gospel4 ,i h nev] read x1 answ]$ ! bi%op2 all ,i "k is ,our ,lady's (fice4 ,i tell y !re 7 nei!r c>d9als nor bi%ops1 & :5 !re 7 bi%ops1 ! prie/s 7 _! equals almo/1 accord+ to ,j]ome's ass]tions 9 sev]al places4 ,holy ,virg91 said ! ,italian4 ,i knew no?+ ab\t x3 & ! popes8 ,!re 7 n any popes any m ?an c>d9als4 ,! good bi%op cross$ himself2 he ?\ght he 0 ) an evil _s1 & jump$ out ( ! cambiature4 ,,books ,y despise !m1 books1 y ^: :ole life is plung$ 9 ! vanities ( ambition & 9 ! se>* = pleasure or 9 idl5ess2 b ?9k t ! :ole ( ! kn[n univ]se1 ) ! exception ( ! savage races is gov]n$ by books alone4 ,! :ole ( ,africa "r to ,e?iopia & ,nigritia obeys ! book ( ! ,alcoran1 aft] hav+ /agg]$ "u ! book ( ! ,gospel4 ,*9a is rul$ by ! moral book ( ,confucius2 a great] "p ( ,india by ! book ( ! ,veidam4 ,p]sia 0 gov]n$ = c5turies by ! books ( "o ( ! ,z>a?u/ras4 ,if y h a law-suit1 y\r goods1 y\r hon\r1 y\r life ev5 dep5ds on ! int]pretation ( a book :i* y nev] read4 ,rob]t ! ,devil1 ! ,f\r ,sons ( ,aymon1 ! ,imag9+s ( ,mr4 ,oufle1 are books also2 b x is ) books z ) m52 ! v small numb] play a great "p1 ! re/ are m+l$ 9 ! cr[d4 ,:o leads ! human race 9 civiliz$ c\ntries8 ^? :o "k h[ to read & write4 ,y d n "k ei!r ,hippocrates1 ,bo]haave or ,syd5ham2 b y put y\r body 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o h read !m4 ,y ab&on y\r s\l to ^? :o are paid to read ! ,bible1 al?\gh !re are n fifty among !m :o h read x 9 its entirety ) c>e4 ,to su* an ext5t d books gov]n ! _w1 t ^? :o comm& to-day 9 ! city ( ! ,scipios & ! ,catos h desir$ t ! books ( _! law %\ld be only = !m2 x is _! sceptre2 !y h made x a crime ( lse-maje/ = _! subjects to look !re )\t express p]mission4 ,9 o!r c\ntries x has be5 =bidd5 to ?9k 9 writ+ )\t lett]s pat5t4 ,!re are nations among :om ?\ght is reg>d$ purely z an object ( comm]ce4 ,! op]ations ( ! human m9d are valu$ !re only at two s\s ! %eet4 ,9 ano!r c\ntry1 ! lib]ty ( expla9+ oneself by books is "o ( ! mo/ inviolable pr]ogatives4 ,pr9t all t y l "u pa9 ( bor+ or ( be+ puni%$ if y abuse too consid]ably y\r natural "r4 ,be=e ! admirable inv5tion ( pr9t+1 books 7 r>] & m exp5sive ?an preci\s /ones4 ,almo/ no books among ! b>b>ian nations until ,*>lemagne1 & f him to ! ,fr5* k+ ,*>les ,v41 surnam$ ! wise2 & f ?is ,*>les "r to ,franois ,i]1 !re is an extreme de>?4 ,! ,arabs alone _h books f ! eigh? c5tury ( our era to ! ?irte5?4 ,*9a 0 fill$ ) !m :5 we did n "k h[ to read or write4 ,copyi/s 7 mu* employ$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire f ! "t ( ! ,scipios up to ! inundation ( ! b>b>ians4 ,! ,greeks occupi$ !mselves mu* 9 transcrib+ t[>ds ! "t ( ,amyntas1 ,philip & ,alex&]2 !y cont9u$ ?is craft especially 9 ,alex&ria4 ,?is craft is some:at ungrateful4 ,! m]*ants always paid ! au?ors & ! copyi/s v badly4 ,x took two ye>s ( assidu\s lab\r = a copyi/ to transcribe ! ,bible well on vellum4 ,:at "t & :at tr\ble = copy+ correctly 9 ,greek & ,lat9 ! works ( ,orig51 ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & ( all ^? o!r au?ors call$ fa!rs4 ,! poems ( ,hom] 7 long s little kn[n t ,pisi/ratus 0 ! fir/ :o put !m 9 ord]1 & :o _h !m transcrib$ 9 ,a!ns1 ab\t five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! era ( :i* we are mak+ use4 ,to-day !re are n p]haps a doz5 copies ( ! ,veidam & ! ,z5d-,ave/a 9 ! :ole ( ! ,ea/4 ,y w\ld n h f\nd a s+le book 9 ! :ole ( ,russia 9 #agjj1 ) ! exception ( ,missals & a few ,bibles 9 ! homes ( ag$ m5 drunk on br&y4 ,to-day p compla9 ( a surfeit3 b x is n = read]s to compla92 ! rem$y is easy2 no?+ =ces !m to read4 ,x is n any ! m = au?ors to compla94 ,^? :o make ! cr[d mu/ n cry t !y are be+ cru%$4 ,despite ! enorm\s quantity ( books1 h[ few p read6 & if "o read pr(itably1 "o w\ld see ! deplorable follies to :i* ! common p (f] !mselves z prey e day4 ,:at multiplies books1 despite ! law ( n multiply+ be+s unnecess>ily1 is t ) books "o makes o!rs2 x is ) sev]al volumes already pr9t$ t a new hi/ory ( ,france or ,spa9 is fabricat$1 )\t add+ any?+ new4 ,all diction>ies are made ) diction>ies2 almo/ all new geography books are repetitions ( geography books4 ,! ,summation ( ,/4 ,?omas has produc$ two ?\s& fat volumes ( !ology2 & ! same family ( little worms t h gnaw$ ! "m1 gnaw likewise ! *ildr54 ,,b\lev]d ,,or ,,b\lev>t ,b\lev>t1 =tification1 ramp>t4 ,belgrade is ! b\lev>t ( ! ,ottoman ,empire on ! ,hung>ian side4 ,:o w\ld believe t ?is ^w orig9ally signifi$ only a game ( b[ls8 ,! p ( ,p>is play$ b[ls on ! grass ( ! ramp>t2 ?is grass 0 call$ ! v]d1 l ! grass m>ket4 ,on b\lait sur le v]d4 ,f !re x comes t ! ,engli%1 ^: language is a copy ( ours 9 almo/ all ! words :i* are n ,saxon1 h call$ ! game ( b[ls b[l+-gre51 ! v]d 7gre57 ( ! game ( b[ls4 ,we h tak5 back f !m :at we _h l5t !m4 ,foll[+ _! example1 we gave ! "n ( b\l+r9s1 )\t kn[+ ! /r5g? ( ! ^w1 to ! grass-plots we introduc$ into our g>d5s4 ,i once he>d two good dames :o 7 go+ = a walk on ! ,b\lev]d1 & n on ! ,b\lev>t4 ,p laugh$ at !m1 & wrongly4 ,b 9 all matt]s cu/om c>ries ! day2 & ev]yone :o is "r aga9/ cu/om is hiss$ or condemn$4 ,,b\rges ,our que/ions b>ely turn on geography2 b let u be p]mitt$ to m>k 9 two words our a/oni%m5t ab\t ! t[n ( ,b\rges4 ,! ,dictionnaire de ,trv\x claims t x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t t[ns ( ,europe1 t x 0 ! seat ( ! empire ( ! ,gauls1 & gave k+s to ! ,celts4 ,i d n wi% to combat ! anci5tness ( any t[n or any family4 ,b 0 !re ev] an empire ( ! ,gauls8 ,did ! ,celts h k+s8 ,?is mania = antiquity is a malady f :i* "o w n be heal$ s soon4 ,! ,gauls1 ,g]many1 ,sc&9avia h no?+ t is antique save ! l&1 ! trees & ! animals4 ,if y want antiquities1 g t[>d ,asia1 & ev5 !n x is v small be]4 ,man is anci5t & monum5ts new1 t is :at we h 9 view 9 m ?an "o article4 ,if x 7 a real b5efit to be born 9 a /one or wood5 enclosure m anci5t ?an ano!r1 x w\ld be v reasonable to make ! f\ndation ( "o's t[n date back to ! "t ( ! w> ( ! giants2 b s9ce !re is n ! lea/ advantage 9 ?is vanity1 "o mu/ break away f x4 ,t is all ,i _h to say ab\t ,b\rges4 ,,brahm9s ,is x n probable t ! ,brahm9s 7 ! fir/ legislators ( ! e>?1 ! fir/ philosoph]s1 ! fir/ !ologians8 ,d n ! few monum5ts ( anci5t hi/ory :i* rema9 to u =m a great presumption 9 _! fav\r1 s9ce ! fir/ ,greek philosoph]s w5t to !m to le>n ma!matics1 & s9ce ! mo/ anci5t curiosities collect$ by ! emp]ors ( ,*9a are all ,indian8 ,we w speak else:]e ( ! ,%a/a2 x is ! fir/ book ( !ology ( ! ,brahm9s1 writt5 ab\t fifte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e _! ,veidam1 & ant]ior to all ! o!r books4 ,_! annals make no m5tion ( any w> und]tak5 by !m at any "t4 ,! words = arms1 to kill1 to maim1 are n to be f\nd ei!r 9 ! fragm5ts ( ! ,%a/a :i* we h1 or 9 ! ,ez\rveidam1 or 9 ! ,cormoveidam4 ,i c at lea/ give ! assurance t ,i did n see !m 9 ^! la/ two collections3 & :at is /ill m s+ul> is t ! ,%a/a :i* speaks ( a conspiracy 9 heav51 makes no m5tion ( any w> 9 ! great p59sula enclos$ betwe5 ! ,indus & ! ,ganges4 ,! ,hebrews1 :o 7 kn[n s late1 nev] "n ! ,brahm9s2 !y _h no k ( ,india until aft] ! conque/s ( ,alex&]1 & _! settl+ 9 ,egypt1 ( :i* !y _h said s mu* evil4 ,! "n ( ,india is to be f\nd only 9 ! ,book ( ,e/h]1 & 9 t ( ,job :i* 0 n ,hebrew4 ,"o rem>ks a s+ul> contra/ betwe5 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,hebrews1 & ^? ( ! ,indians4 ,! ,indian books ann\nce only peace & g5tl5ess2 !y =bid ! kill+ ( animals3 ! ,hebrew books speak only ( kill+1 ( ! massacre ( m5 & bea/s2 ev]y?+ is slaught]$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l2 x is q ano!r ord] ( ?+s4 ,x is inconte/ably f ! ,brahm9s t we hold ! idea ( ! fall ( ! cele/ial be+s 9 revolt aga9/ ! ,sov]eign ( nature2 & x is f !re probably t ! ,greeks drew ! fable ( ! ,titans4 ,x is !re also t ! ,jews at la/ took ! idea ( ! revolt ( ,lucif]1 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4 ,h[ c\ld ^! ,indians suppose a revolt 9 heav5 )\t hav+ se5 "o on e>?8 ,su* a jump f human nature to div9e nature is b>ely conceivable4 ,usually "o goes f kn[n to unkn[n4 ,"o does n imag9e a w> ( giants until "o has se5 "s m5 m robu/ ?an ! o!rs tyrannize ov] _! fell[s4 ,! fir/ ,brahm9s mu/ ei!r h exp]i5c$ viol5t discords1 or at lea/ h se5 !m 9 heav54 ,x is a v a/oni%+ ph5om5on = a society ( m5 :o h nev] made w> to h inv5t$ a species ( w> made 9 ! imag9>y spaces1 or 9 a globe di/ant f ours1 or 9 :at is call$ ! firmam5t1 ! empyrean4 ,b x mu/ be c>efully obs]v$ t 9 ?is revolt ( cele/ial be+s aga9/ _! ,sov]eign no bl[s 7 /ruck1 no cele/ial blood fl[$1 no m\nta9s hurl$ at ! head1 no angels cut 9 two1 z 9 ,milton's sublime & grotesque poem4 ,accord+ to ! ,%a/a1 x is only a =mal disob$i5ce to ! ord]s ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 a cabal :i* ,god puni%es by relegat+ ! rebelli\s angels to a va/ place ( %ad[s call$ ,ond]a dur+ ! p]iod ( an entire monon?\r4 ,a monon?\r is f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-six millions ( our ye>s4 ,b ,god deign$ to p>don ! guilty aft] five ?\s& ye>s1 & _! ond]a 0 only a purgatory4 ,he made ,mhurd ( !m1 m51 & plac$ !m 9 our globe on condition t !y %\ld n eat animals1 & t !y %\ld n copulate ) ! males ( _! new species1 "u pa9 ( return+ to ond]a4 ,^? are ! pr9cipal articles ( ! ,brahm9s' fai?1 :i* h la/$ )\t int]ruption f immemorial times "r to our day3 x seems /range to u t among !m x %\ld be z grave a s9 to eat a *ick5 z to commit sodomy4 ,?is is only a small "p ( ! anci5t cosmogony ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,_! rites1 _! pagodas1 prove t among !m ev]y?+ 0 allegorical2 !y /ill repres5t virtue b5ea? ! emblem ( a woman :o has t5 arms1 & :o combats t5 mortal s9s repres5t$ by mon/]s4 ,our mission>ies h n fail$ to take ?is image ( virtue = t ( ! devil1 & to assure u t ! devil is wor%ipp$ 9 ,india4 ,we h nev] be5 among ^! p b to enri* ourselves & to calumniate !m4 ,really we h =gott5 a v ess5tial ?+ 9 ?is little article on ! ,brahm9s2 x is t _! sacr$ books are fill$ ) contradictions4 ,b ! p d n "k ( !m1 & ! doctors h solutions ready1 figurative mean+s1 allegories1 symbols1 express decl>ations ( ,birma1 ,brahma & ,vitsn\1 :i* %\ld close ! m\?s ( all :o reason4 ,,"* ,f ! ,greek ^w impression1 engrav+4 ,x is :at nature has grav$ 9 u4 ,c "o *ange "o's "*8 ,yes1 if "o *anges "o's body4 ,x is possible = a man born blund]]1 unb5d+ & viol5t1 be+ /rick5 ) apoplexy 9 8 old age1 to become a fooli%1 te>ful *ild1 timid & peaceable4 ,8 body is no long] ! same4 ,b z long z 8 n]ves1 8 blood & 8 m>r[ are 9 ! same /ate1 8 nature w n *ange any m ?an a wolf's & a m>t5's in/9ct4 ,! "* is compos$ ( our ideas & our feel+s3 well1 x is sub/antiat$ t we give ourselves nei!r feel+s nor ideas2 !re=e our "* does n dep5d on u4 ,if x dep5d$ on u1 !re is nobody :o w\ld n be p]fect4 ,we _c give ourselves ta/es1 tal5ts2 :y %\ld we give ourselves qualities8 ,if "o does n reflect1 "o ?9ks oneself ma/] ( ev]y?+2 :5 "o reflects !reon1 "o sees t "o is ma/] ( no?+4 ,%\ld y wi% to *ange a man's "* completely1 purge him ) dilu5ts e day until y h kill$ him4 ,*>les ,,xii41 9 8 suppurative fev] on ! road to ,b5d]1 0 no long] ! same man4 ,"o prevail$ ^u him z ^u a *ild4 ,if ,i h a crook$ nose & two cat's eyes1 ,i c hide !m ) a mask4 ,c ,i d m ) ! "* :i* nature has giv5 me8 ,a man born viol5t1 ha/y1 pres5t$ himself be=e ,franois ,i41 ,k+ ( ,france1 to compla9 ( an inju/ice2 ! pr9ce's c\nt5ance1 ! respectful be>+ ( ! c\rti]s1 ! v place :]e he is1 make a p[]ful impression on ?is man2 me*anically he l[]s 8 eyes1 8 r\gh voice s(t5s1 he pres5ts 8 petition humbly1 "o w\ld believe him born z g5tle z are 7at t mom5t at lea/7 ! c\rti]s1 among/ :om he is ev5 disconc]t$2 b ,franois ,i4 und]/&s physiognomy1 he easily discov]s 9 ! l[]$ eyes1 burn+ nev]!less ) sombre fire1 9 ! /ra9$ facial muscles1 9 ! compress$ lips1 t ?is man is n s g5tle z he is =c$ to appe>4 ,?is man foll[s him to ,pavia1 is tak5 ) him1 l$ to ! same prison 9 ,madrid3 ,franois ,i4's maje/y no long] makes ! same impression on him2 he gr[s famili> ) ! object ( 8 respect4 ,"o day :5 pull+ (f ! k+'s boots1 & pull+ !m (f badly1 ! k+1 embitt]$ by 8 mis=tune1 gets angry2 my man s5ds ! k+ ab\t 8 bus9ess1 & ?r[s 8 boots out ( ! w9d[4 ,sixtus ,v4 0 born petulant1 /ubborn1 haughty1 impetu\s1 v9dictive1 arrogant2 ?is "* seem$ s(t5$ dur+ ! trials ( 8 novitiate4 ,he beg9s to enjoy a c]ta9 cr$it 9 8 ord]2 he flies into a passion ) a gu>d1 & batt]s him ) 8 fi/3 he is inquisitor at ,v5ice2 he p]=ms 8 duties ) insol5ce3 behold him c>d9al1 he is possess$ dalla rabbia papale3 ?is fury triumphs ov] 8 nature2 he buries 8 p]son & 8 "* 9 obscurity2 he apes ! humble & ! dy+ man2 he is elect$ ,pope2 ?is mom5t gives back to ! spr+1 :i* politics h b5t1 all its long curb$ ela/icity2 he is ! haughtie/ & mo/ despotic ( sov]eigns4 ,naturam expella furca1 tam5 usque recurret4 7,hor4 ,l4 ,i41 ep4 x74 ,drive away nature1 x returns at ! gallop4 7,,de/\*es1 ,glorieux1 ,act #c1 ,sc4 #e47 ,religion1 morality put a brake on a nature's /r5g?2 !y _c de/roy x4 ,! drunk>d 9 a cloi/]1 r$uc$ to a half-sti] ( cid] at ea* meal1 w no long] get drunk1 b he w always l w9e4 ,age enfeebles "*2 x is a tree t produces only deg5]ate fruit1 b ! fruit is always ( ! same nature2 x is knott$ & cov]$ ) moss1 x becomes worm-eat51 b x is always oak or pe> tree4 ,if "o c\ld *ange "o's "*1 "o w\ld give oneself "o1 "o w\ld be ma/] ( nature4 ,c "o give oneself any?+8 d we n receive ev]y?+8 ,try to animate an indol5t man ) a cont9u$ activity2 to freeze ) apa?y ! boil+ s\l ( an impetu\s fell[1 to inspire someone :o has nei!r e> nor ta/e ) a ta/e = music & poetry1 y w no m succe$ ?an if y und]took to give sight to a man born bl9d4 ,we p]fect1 we s(t51 we conceal :at nature has put 9 u1 b we d n put 9 ourselves any?+ at all4 ,"o says to a f>m]3 ,y h too _m fi% 9 ?is pond1 !y w n prosp]2 !re are too _m cattle 9 y\r mead[s1 grass lacks1 !y w gr[ ?94 ,x happ5s aft] ?is exhortation t ! pikes eat half my man's c>p1 & ! wolves ! half ( 8 %eep2 ! re/ gr[ fat4 ,w he congratulate himself on 8 economy8 ,?is c\ntryman1 x is y2 "o ( y\r passions has dev\r$ ! o!rs1 & y ?9k y h triumph$ ov] y\rself4 ,d n ne>ly all ( u resemble t old g5]al ( n9ety :o1 hav+ met "s "y (fic]s :o 7 debau*+ !mselves ) "s girls1 says to !m angrily3 ,g5tlem51 is t ! example ,i give y8 ,,*>latan ,! article entitl$ ,*>latan 9 ! ,encyclop$ic ,diction>y is fill$ ) useful tru?s agreeably pres5t$4 ,! ,*evali] de ,jauc\rt has !re pres5t$ ! *>latanry ( m$ic9e4 ,we w take ! lib]ty ( add+ "h a few reflections4 ,! abode ( ! doctors is 9 ! l>ge t[ns2 !re are b>ely any doctors 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is 9 ! great t[ns t ! ri* invalids are2 debau*]y1 ! excesses ( ! table1 ! passions1 are ! cause ( _! maladies4 ,dum\l91 n ! lawy]1 ! doctor1 :o 0 z good a practician z ! o!r1 said z he 0 dy+1 t he left two great doctors beh9d him1 diet & riv] wat]4 ,9 #agbh1 9 ! "t ( ,law1 ! mo/ fam\s *>latan ( ! fir/ species1 ano!r1 ,vill>s by "n1 confid$ to "s fri5ds t 8 uncle :o _h liv$ ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s1 & :o di$ only by accid5t1 _h left him ! secret ( a wat] :i* c\ld easily prolong life to a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 provid$ a man 0 temp]ate4 ,:5 he saw a fun]al pass1 he %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s 9 pity2 if ! defunct1 he obs]v$1 _h drunk my wat]1 he w\ld n be :]e he is4 ,8 fri5ds to :om he gave g5]\sly ( ! wat]1 & :o obs]v$ ! prescrib$ regime 9 "s degree1 ?riv$ on x & prais$ x4 ,he !n sold ! bottle = six francs2 ! sale 0 prodigi\s4 ,x 0 wat] f ! ,se9e ) a little nitre4 ,^? :o took x & :o subject$ !mselves to a c]ta9 am\nt ( regime1 above all ^? :o 7 born ) a good con/itution1 recov]$ p]fect heal? 9 a few days4 ,he said to ! o!rs3 ,x is y\r fault if y are n entirely cur$3 correct ^! two vices & y w live at lea/ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,"s ( !m re=m$2 ?is good *>latan's =tune increas$ l 8 reputation4 ,! ,abb de ,pons1 ! en?usia/1 put him f> above ! ,m>*al de ,vill>s3 ,! ,m>*al kills m51 he said to him1 b y make !m live4 ,p le>n$ at la/ t ,vill>s ,wat] 0 only riv] wat]2 !y w\ld h no m ( x2 & w5t to o!r *>latans4 ,x is c]ta9 t he _h done good1 & t ! only reproa* "o c\ld make aga9/ him 0 t he _h sold ,se9e wat] a little too de>4 ,he l$ m5 to temp]ance by :i* fact he 0 sup]ior to ! apo!c>y ,arn\lt1 :o /uff$ ,europe ) 8 sa*ets aga9/ apoplexy1 )\t recomm5d+ any virtue4 ,i knew 9 ,london a doctor nam$ ,br[n1 :o practis$ 9 ,b>bados4 ,he _h a sug> ref9]y & negroes2 he 0 robb$ ( a consid]able sum2 he assembl$ 8 negroes3 ,my lads1 he said to !m1 ! great s]p5t appe>$ to me dur+ ! night1 he told me t ! ?ief w\ld at ?is mom5t h a p>rot's fea!r on ! end ( 8 nose4 ,! guilty man promptly put 8 h& to 8 nose4 ,x is y :o robb$ me1 said ! ma/]2 ! great s]p5t has j told me s4 ,& he rega9$ 8 money4 ,"o c h>dly condemn su* a *>latanry2 b "o mu/ be deal+ ) negroes4 ,scipio ,africanus1 ?is great ,scipio v diff]5t o!rwise f ,dr4 ,br[n1 will+ly made 8 soldi]s believe t he 0 inspir$ by ! gods4 ,?is great *>latanry 0 long ! cu/om4 ,c "o blame ,scipio to h avail$ himself ( x8 he 0 ! man :o p]haps did mo/ hon\r to ! ,roman ,republic2 b :y did ! gods inspire him n to r5d] 8 acc\nts8 ,numa did bett]2 x 0 necess>y to police "s brig&s & a s5ate :i* 0 ! mo/ difficult section ( ^! brig&s to gov]n4 ,if he _h propos$ 8 laws to ! assembl$ tribes1 ! assass9s ( 8 pr$ecessor w\ld h made a ?\s& difficulties4 ,he address$ himself to ! goddess ,eg]ia1 :o gave him "s p&ects f ,jupit]2 he 0 obey$ )\t contradiction1 & he reign$ happily4 ,8 in/ructions 7 good1 8 *>latanry did good2 b if "s secret enemy _h discov]$ ! impo/ure1 if he _h said3 ,ext]m9ate an impo/or :o pro/itutes ! "n ( ! gods 9 ord] to deceive m51 ,numa ran ! risk ( be+ s5t to heav5 ) ,romulus4 ,x is probable t ,numa took 8 measures v c>efully1 & t he deceiv$ ! ,romans = _! b5efit1 ) a dext]ity suitable to ! "t1 ! place1 ! intellig5ce ( ! e>ly ,romans4 ,mahomet 0 tw5ty times on ! po9t ( fail+1 b he succe$$ at la/ ) ! ,arabs ( ,m$9a2 & p believ$ t he 0 ! intimate fri5d ( ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel4 ,if to-day someone came to ,con/ant9ople to ann\nce t he 0 ! fav\rite ( ! ,ar*angel ,raphael1 f> sup]ior to ,gabriel 9 dignity1 & t x 0 9 him alone p %\ld believe1 he w\ld be impal$ 9 ! public place4 ,x is = *>latans to *oose _! "t well4 ,0 !re n a little *>latanry 9 ,socrates ) 8 famili> demon1 & ,apollo's precise decl>ation :i* proclaim$ him ! wise/ ( all m58 ,h[ c ,roll91 9 8 hi/ory1 reason f ?is oracle8 ,h[ is x t he does n let ! "y idea "k t x 0 pure *>latanry8 ,socrates *ose 8 "t badly4 ,a hundr$ ye>s e>li]1 maybe1 he w\ld h gov]n$ ,a!ns4 ,all lead]s ( sects 9 philosophy h be5 some:at *>latans3 b ! greate/ ( all h be5 ^? :o h aspir$ to dom9ation4 ,cromwell 0 ! mo/ t]rible ( all our *>latans4 ,he appe>$ at precisely ! only "t he c\ld succe$3 "u ,elizabe? he w\ld h be5 hang$2 "u ,*>les ,,ii4 he w\ld h be5 m]ely ridicul\s4 ,he came happily at a "t :5 p 7 disgu/$ ) k+s2 & 8 son1 at a "t :5 p 7 we>y ( a protector4 ,,( ,,*>latanry ,,9 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,lit]ature ,! sci5ces c b>ely be )\t *>latanry4 ,p wi% to h _! op9ions accept$2 ! quibbl+ doctor wi%es to eclipse ! angelic doctor2 ! recondite doctor wi%es to reign alone4 ,ea* builds 8 sy/em ( physics1 metaphysics1 s*ola/ic !ology2 x is a competition 9 turn+ "o's m]*&ise to acc\nt4 ,y h ag5ts :o extol x1 fools :o believe y1 protectors :o support y4 ,is !re a great] *>latanry ?an t ( sub/itut+ words = ?+s1 & ( want+ o!rs to believe :at y d n believe y\rself8 ,"o e/abli%es :irlw9ds ( subtle matt]1 ram\s1 globul\s1 /riat$1 *annell$2 ! o!r elem5ts ( matt] :i* are n matt] at all1 & a pre-e/abli%$ h>mony :i* makes ! clock ( ! body s\nd ! h\r1 :5 ! clock ( ! s\l %[s x ) its h&4 ,^! *im]as f9d p>tisans = a few ye>s4 ,:5 ?is rubbi% has pass$ out ( fa%ion1 new fanatics appe> on ! it9]ant !atre2 !y bani% g]ms f ! _w1 !y say t ! sea produc$ ! m\nta9s1 & t m5 7 once fi%4 ,h[ mu* *>latanry has be5 put into hi/ory1 ei!r by a/oni%+ ! read] ) prodigies1 by titillat+ human malignity ) satire1 or by flatt]+ ! families ( tyrants ) infam\s eulogy8 ,! wret*$ species t writes = a liv+ is *>latan 9 ano!r way4 ,a poor man :o has no trade1 :o has _h ! mis=tune to g to college1 & :o ?9ks he kn[s h[ to write1 goes to pay 8 c\rt to a booksell]1 & asks him = "w4 ,! booksell] kn[s t ! majority ( mo/ p :o live 9 h\ses want to h little libr>ies1 t !y ne$ abridgm5ts & new titles2 he ord]s f ! writ] an abridgm5t ( ! ,hi/ory by ,rap9-,?oyras1 an abridgm5t ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 a ,collection ( ,witty ,say+s drawn f ! ,m5agiana1 a ,diction>y ( ,great ,m51 :]e an unkn[n p$ant is plac$ beside ,cic]o1 & a sonetti]o ( ,italy ne> ,virgil4 ,ano!r booksell] ord]s novels1 or translations ( novels4 ,if y h no imag9ation1 he says to ! workman1 y w take a few ( ! adv5tures 9 ',cyrus1' 9 ',gusman d',alf>a*e1' 9 ! ',secret ,memoirs ( a ,g5tleman ( ,quality1' or ',( a ,lady ( ,quality'2 & f ! total y w prep>e a volume ( f\r hundr$ pages at tw5ty s\s ! %eet4 ,ano!r booksell] gives ! gazettes & almanacs = t5 ye>s pa/ to a man ( g5ius4 ,y w make me an extract ( all t1 & y w br+ x me back 9 ?ree mon?s "u ! "n ( ',fai?ful ,hi/ory ( ! ,times1' by ! ,*evali] de ,trois ,etoiles1 ,lieut5ant ( ! ,navy1 employ$ 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs4 ,( ?is k9d ( book !re are ab\t fifty ?\s& 9 ,europe2 & x all passes j l ! secret ( :it5+ ! sk91 ( d>k5+ ! hair1 & ! univ]sal panacea4 ,,civil ,,laws ,,extract ,,f ,,"s ,,notes ,,f\nd ,,among ,a ,,lawy]',s ,,pap]s1 ,,:i* ,,maybe ,,m]it ,,exam9ation4 ,let ! puni%m5ts ( crim9als be useful4 ,a hang$ man is good = no?+1 & a man condemn$ to public works /ill s]ves ! c\ntry1 & is a liv+ lesson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let all laws be cle>1 uni=m & precise3 to int]pret laws is almo/ always to corrupt !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let no?+ be infam\s save vice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let taxes be always proportional4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let ! law nev] be contradictory to cu/om3 = if ! cu/om be good1 ! law is wor?less4 ,,climate ,climate influ5ces religion z reg>ds cu/oms & c]emonies4 ,a legislator w n h _h difficulty 9 mak+ ! ,indians ba! 9 ! ,ganges at c]ta9 seasons ( ! moon2 x is a great pleasure = !m4 ,he w\ld h be5 /on$ if he _h propos$ ! same ba? to ! peoples :o dwell on ! banks ( ! ,dw9a ne> ,ar*angel4 ,=bid pig to an ,arab :o w\ld h leprosy if he ate ( ?is fle% :i* is v bad & disgu/+ 9 8 c\ntry1 he w obey y joyfully4 ,issue ! same veto to a ,we/phalian & he w be tempt$ to fight y4 ,ab/95ce f w9e is a good religi\s precept 9 ,arabia :]e orange wat]1 lemon wat]1 lime wat] are necess>y to heal?4 ,mohamm$ w\ld n h =bidd5 w9e 9 ,switz]l& p]haps1 especially be=e go+ to battle4 ,!re are cu/oms ( pure fantasy4 ,:y did ! prie/s ( ,egypt imag9e circumcision8 x is n = heal?4 ,cambyses :o treat$ !m z !y des]v$1 !y & _! bull ,apis1 ,cambyses' c\rti]s1 ,cambyses' soldi]s1 _h n _h _! prepuces lopp$1 & 7 v well4 ,climate does no?+ to a prie/'s g5itals4 ,"o (f]$ "o's prepuce to ,isis1 probably z "o pres5t$ ev]y:]e ! fir/ fruits ( ! e>?4 ,x 0 (f]+ ! fir/ fruits ( life4 ,religions h always roll$ on two pivots2 obs]vance & cre$3 obs]vance dep5ds l>gely on climate2 cre$ n at all4 ,"o c\ld z easily make a dogma accept$ on ! equator z ! pol> circle4 ,x w\ld lat] be reject$ equally at ,batavia & 9 ! ,orkneys1 :ile x w\ld be ma9ta9$ unguibus et ro/ro at ,salamanca4 ,t dep5ds 9 no way on ! soil & ! atmosph]e1 b solely on op9ion1 t fickle que5 ( ! _w4 ,c]ta9 libations ( w9e w be precept 9 a v9e-gr[+ c\ntry1 & x w n occur to a legislator's m9d to in/itute 9 ,norway sacr$ my/]ies :i* _c be p]=m$ )\t w9e4 ,x w be expressly ord]$ to burn inc5se 9 ! p>vis ( a temple :]e bea/s are slaught]$ 9 ! ,deity's hon\r1 & = ! prie/s' supp]4 ,?is but*]'s %op call$ temple w\ld be a place ( abom9able infection if x 7 n cont9ually purifi$3 & )\t ! assi/ance ( aromatics1 ! religion ( ! anci5ts w\ld h caus$ ! plague4 ,ev5 ! int]ior ( ! temple 0 deck$ ) fe/oons ( fl[]s 9 ord] to make ! air sweet]4 ,no c[ w be sacrific$ 9 ! burn+ l& ( ! ,indian p59sula2 because ?is animal :i* furni%es necess>y milk is v r>e 9 an arid c\ntry1 its fle% is dry1 t\gh1 conta9s v little n\ri%m5t1 & ! ,brahm9s w\ld live v badly4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! c[ w become sacr$1 9 view ( its r>ity & utility4 ,"o w only ent] b>efoot ! temple ( ,jupit] ,ammon :]e ! heat is excessive3 "o mu/ be well %od to p]=m "o's devotions 9 ,cop5hag54 ,x is n s ) dogma4 ,p h believ$ 9 poly!ism 9 all climates2 & x is z easy = a ,crimean ,t>t> z = an inhabitant ( ,mecca to recognize a s+le ,god1 incommunicable1 non-begett+1 non-begott54 ,x is ?r\gh its dogma /ill m ?an ?r\gh its rites t a religion is spread f "o climate to ano!r4 ,! dogma ( ! unity ( ,god soon pass$ f ,m$9a to ! ,caucasus2 !n ! climate c$es to op9ion4 ,! ,arabs said to ! ,turks3 ,we _h ourselves circumcis$ 9 ,arabia )\t really kn[+ :y2 x 0 an old fa%ion ( ! prie/s ( ,egypt to (f] to ,o%ire? or ,osiris a little "p ( :at !y held mo/ preci\s4 ,we _h adopt$ ?is cu/om ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e we became ,mohamm$ans4 ,y w be circumcis$ l u2 l u y w be oblig$ to sleep ) "o ( y\r wives e ,friday1 & to give ea* ye> two & a half p] c5t ( y\r income to ! poor4 ,we dr9k only wat] & %]bet2 all intoxicat+ liquor is =bidd5 u2 9 ,arabia x is p]nici\s4 ,y w embrace ?is regime al?\gh y love w9e passionately1 & al?\gh x may ev5 be (t5 necess>y = y to g on ! banks ( ! ,phasis & ,araxes4 ,la/ly1 if y want to g to ,heav51 & be well plac$ !re1 y w take ! road to ,mecca4 ,! inhabitants ( ! nor? ( ! ,caucasus submit to ^! laws1 & embrace ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry a religion :i* 0 n made = !m4 ,9 ,egypt ! symbolic wor%ip ( animals succe$$ ! dogmas ( ,?aut4 ,! gods ( ! ,romans lat] %>$ ,egypt ) ! dogs1 ! cats & ! crocodiles4 ,to ! ,roman religion succe$$ ,*ri/ianity2 x 0 entirely driv5 out by ,mohamm$anism1 :i* p]haps w c$e its place to a new religion4 ,9 all ^! vicissitudes climate has c\nt$ = no?+3 gov]nm5t has done ev]y?+4 ,we are consid]+ "h second causes only1 )\t rais+ pr(ane eyes to ! ,provid5ce :i* directs !m4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 born 9 ,syria1 hav+ receiv$ its pr9cipal developm5t 9 ,alex&ria1 inhabits to-day ! l&s :]e ,teutate1 ,irm9sul1 ,frida1 ,od9 7 wor%ipp$4 ,!re are peoples ^: religion has be5 made by nei!r climate nor gov]nm5t4 ,:at cause deta*$ ! nor? ( ,g]many1 ,d5m>k1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( ,switz]l&1 ,holl&1 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 f ! ,roman communion8 ,pov]ty4 ,indulg5ces & deliv]ance f purgatory 7 sold too de> to s\ls ^: bodies _h at t "t v little money4 ,! prelates1 ! monks dev\r$ a prov9ce's :ole rev5ue4 ,p took a *eap] religion4 ,at la/1 aft] tw5ty civil w>s1 p believ$ t ! ,pope's religion 0 v good = great lords1 & ! re=m$ religion = citiz5s4 ,"t w %[ :e!r ! ,greek religion or ! ,turki% religion w prevail by ! gean ,sea & ! ,pont-,eux9e4 ,,common ,,s5se ,!re are sometimes 9 common expressions an image ( :at passes 9 ! dep?s ( all m5's he>ts4 ,among ! ,romans s5sus communis signifi$ n only common s5se1 b humanity1 s5sibility4 ,z we are n z good z ! ,romans1 ?is ^w signifies among u only half ( :at x signifi$ among !m4 ,x means only good s5se1 pla9 reason1 reason set 9 op]ation1 a fir/ notion ( ord9>y ?+s1 a /ate midway betwe5 /upidity & intellig5ce4 ,?is man has no common s5se is a great insult4 ,a common-s5se man is an insult likewise2 x means t he is n entirely /upid1 & t he lacks :at is call$ wit & und]/&+4 ,b :5ce comes ?is expression common s5se1 unless x be f ! s5ses8 ,m51 :5 !y inv5t$ ?is ^w1 av[$ t no?+ ent]$ ! s\l save ?r\gh ! s5ses2 o!rwise1 w\ld !y h us$ ! ^w s5se to signify common reason+8 ,p say sometimes--,common s5se is v r>e4 ,:at does ?is phrase signify8 t 9 _m m5 reason set 9 op]ation is /opp$ 9 its progress by prejudices1 t su* & su* man :o judges v sanely 9 "o matt]1 w always be va/ly deceiv$ 9 ano!r4 ,?is ,arab1 :o w be a good calculator1 a le>n$ *emi/1 an exact a/ronom]1 w believe nev]!less t ,mohamm$ put half ! moon 9 8 sleeve4 ,:y w he g beyond common s5se 9 ! ?ree sci5ces ( :i* ,i speak1 & :y w he be b5ea? common s5se :5 !re is "q ( ?is half moon8 ,because 9 ! fir/ cases he has se5 ) 8 eyes1 he has p]fect$ 8 intellig5ce2 & 9 ! second1 he has se5 ) o!r p's eyes1 he has clos$ 8 own1 he has p]v]t$ ! common s5se :i* is 9 him4 ,h[ has ?is /range m5tal ali5ation be5 able to op]ate8 ,h[ c ! ideas :i* move ) s regul> & s firm a /ep 9 ! bra9 on a great numb] ( subjects limp s wret*$ly on ano!r a ?\s& times m palpable & easy to compreh5d8 ,?is man always has inside him ! same pr9ciples ( intellig5ce2 he mu/ h "s organ vitiat$ !n1 j z x happ5s sometimes t ! f9e/ g\rmet may h a deprav$ ta/e z reg>ds a p>ticul> k9d ( food4 ,h[ is ! organ ( ?is ,arab1 :o sees half ! moon 9 ,mohamm$'s sleeve1 vitiat$8 ,x is ?r\gh fe>4 ,he has be5 told t if he did n believe 9 ?is sleeve1 8 s\l1 imm$iately aft] 8 dea?1 :5 pass+ ov] ! po9t$ bridge1 w\ld fall = ev] into ! abyss4 ,he has be5 told ev5 worse ?+s3 ,if ev] y h d\bts ab\t ?is sleeve1 "o d]vi% w treat y z impi\s2 ano!r w prove to y t y are an ins5sate fool :o1 hav+ all possible motives = believ+1 h n wi%$ to subord9ate y\r sup]b reason to ! evid5ce2 a ?ird w report y to ! little divan ( a little prov9ce1 & y w be legally impal$4 ,all ?is t]rifies ! good ,arab1 8 wife1 8 si/]1 all 8 little family into a /ate ( panic4 ,!y h good s5se ab\t ev]y?+ else1 b on ?is article _! imag9ation is w\nd$1 z 0 ! imag9ation ( ,pascal1 :o cont9ually saw a precipice beside 8 arm*air4 ,b does our ,arab believe 9 fact 9 ,mohamm$'s sleeve8 ,no4 ,he makes ef=ts to believe2 he says x is impossible1 b t x is true2 he believes :at he does n believe4 ,on ! subject ( ?is sleeve he =ms 9 8 head a *aos ( ideas :i* he is afraid to dis5tangle2 & ?is v]itably is n to h common s5se4 ,,concat5ation ,,( ,,ev5ts ,! pres5t is deliv]$1 x is said1 ( ! future4 ,ev5ts are l9k$ to ea* o!r by an inv9cible fatality3 x is ,de/9y :i*1 9 ,hom]1 is above ev5 ,jupit]4 ,?is ma/] ( gods & m5 decl>es r\ndly t he _c /op 8 son ,s>p$on dy+ 9 8 appo9t$ "t4 ,s>p$on 0 born at ! mom5t :5 he _h to be born1 & c\ld n be born at ano!r mom5t2 he c\ld n die o!rwise ?an be=e ,troy2 he c\ld n be buri$ else:]e ?an 9 ,lycia2 _h at ! appo9t$ "t to produce vegetables :i* _h to be *ang$ into ! sub/ance ( a few ,lycians2 8 heirs _h to e/abli% a new ord] 9 8 /ates2 ?is new ord] _h to ex]t an influ5ce ov] ! neighb\r+ k+doms2 f x result$ a new arrangem5t ( w> & peace ) ! neighb\rs ( ! neighb\rs ( ,lycia3 ?us1 /ep by /ep1 ! de/9y ( ! :ole _w has be5 dep5d5t on ,s>p$on's dea?1 :i* dep5d$ on ,hel5 be+ c>ri$ (f2 & ?is c>ry+ (f 0 necess>ily l9k$ to ,hecuba's m>riage1 :i* by trac+ back to o!r ev5ts 0 l9k$ to ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,if only "o ( ^! facts _h be5 arrang$ diff]5tly1 ano!r univ]se w\ld h result$3 b x 0 n possible = ! pres5t univ]se n to exi/2 !re=e x 0 n possible = ,jupit] to save 8 son's life1 = all t he 0 ,jupit]4 ,?is sy/em ( necessity & fatality has be5 inv5t$ 9 our "t by ,leibnitz1 accord+ to :at p say1 "u ! "n ( self-suffici5t reason2 x is1 h[ev]1 v anci5t3 t !re is no effect )\t a cause & t (t5 ! smalle/ cause produces ! greate/ effects1 does n date f to-day4 ,"l ,bol+broke av[s t ! little qu>rels ( ,madame ,m>lbor\gh & ,madame ,ma%am gave bir? to 8 *ance ( mak+ ,que5 ,anne's private treaty ) ,l\is ,,xiv42 ?is treaty l$ to ! ,peace ( ,utre*t2 ?is ,peace ( ,utre*t e/abli%$ ,philip ,v4 on ! ?rone ( ,spa94 ,philip ,v4 took ,naples & ,sicily f ! h\se ( ,au/ria2 ! ,spani% pr9ce :o is to-day ,k+ ( ,naples cle>ly owes 8 k+dom to my lady ,ma%am3 & he w\ld n h _h x1 he w\ld n p]haps ev5 h be5 born1 if ! ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh _h be5 m complaisant t[>ds ! ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,8 exi/5ce at ,naples dep5d$ on "o fooli%ness m or less at ! c\rt ( ,london4 ,exam9e ! position ( all ! peoples ( ! univ]se2 !y are e/abli%$ l ?is on a sequ5ce ( facts :i* appe> to be connect$ ) no?+ & :i* are connect$ ) ev]y?+4 ,ev]y?+ is cog1 pulley1 cord1 spr+1 9 ?is va/ ma*9e4 ,x is likewise 9 ! physical sph]e4 ,a w9d :i* bl[s f ! dep?s ( ,africa & ! au/ral seas1 br+s a portion ( ! ,african atmosph]e1 :i* falls 9 ra9 9 ! valleys ( ! ,alps2 ^! ra9s f]tilize our l&s2 our nor? w9d 9 its turn s5ds our vap\rs among ! negroes2 we d good to ,gu9ea1 & ,gu9ea does good to u4 ,! *a9 /ret*es f "o end ( ! univ]se to ! o!r4 ,b x seems to me t a /range abuse is made ( ! tru? ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,f x "s p conclude t !re is n a sole m9ute atom ^: movem5t has n ex]t$ its influ5ce 9 ! pres5t arrangem5t ( ! _w2 t !re is n a s+le m9ute accid5t1 among ei!r m5 or animals1 :i* is n an ess5tial l9k 9 ! great *a9 ( fate4 ,let u und]/& ea* o!r3 e effect cle>ly has its cause1 go+ back f cause to cause 9 ! abyss ( et]nity2 b e cause has n its effect go+ =w>d to ! end ( ! c5turies4 ,all ev5ts are produc$ by ea* o!r1 ,i admit2 if ! pa/ is deliv]$ ( ! pres5t1 ! pres5t is deliv]$ ( ! future2 ev]y?+ has fa!r1 b ev]y?+ has n always *ildr54 ,"h x is precisely z ) a g5ealogical tree2 ea* h\se goes back1 z we say1 to ,adam2 b 9 ! family !re are _m p]sons :o h di$ )\t leav+ issue4 ,!re is a g5ealogical tree ( ! ev5ts ( ?is _w4 ,x is inconte/able t ! inhabitants ( ,gaul & ,spa9 are desc5d$ f ,gom]1 & ! ,russians f ,magog1 8 y\ng] bro!r3 "o f9ds ?is g5ealogy 9 s _m fat books6 ,on ?is basis "o _c d5y t ! ,great ,turk1 :o is also desc5d$ f ,magog1 0 n b\nd to be well beat5 9 #agfi by ,ca!r9e ,,ii41 ,empress ( ,russia4 ,?is adv5ture is cle>ly connect$ ) o!r great adv5tures4 ,b t ,magog spat to "r or left1 ne> ,m\nt ,caucasus1 & t he made two circles 9 a well or ?ree1 t he slept on ! left side or on ! "r2 ,i d n see t t has _h mu* influ5ce on pres5t affairs4 ,"o mu/ ?9k t ev]y?+ is n complete 9 nature1 z ,newton has demon/rat$1 & t e movem5t is n communicat$ /ep by /ep until x makes a circuit ( ! _w1 z he has demon/rat$ /ill fur!r4 ,?r[ into wat] a body ( l d5sity1 y calculate easily t aft] a %ort "t ! movem5t ( ?is body1 & ! movem5t x has communicat$ to ! wat]1 are de/roy$2 ! movem5t disappe>s & is effac$2 !re=e ! movem5t t ,magog might produce by spitt+ 9 a well _c influ5ce :at is pass+ to-day 9 ,moldavia & ,walla*ia2 !re=e pres5t ev5ts are n ! *ildr5 ( all pa/ ev5ts3 !y h _! direct l9es2 b a ?\s& little collat]al l9es d n s]ve !m at all4 ,once m1 e be+ has a fa!r1 b e be+ has n *ildr54 ,,contradictions ,if "s lit]>y society wi%es to und]take ! diction>y ( contradictions1 ,i subscribe = tw5ty folio volumes4 ,! _w c exi/ only by contradictions3 :at is ne$$ to aboli% !m8 to assemble ! /ates ( ! human race4 ,b f ! mann] 9 :i* m5 are made1 x w\ld be a fre% contradiction if !y 7 to agree4 ,assemble all ! rabbits ( ! univ]se1 !re w n be two diff]5t op9ions among !m4 ,i "k only two k9ds ( immutable be+s on ! e>?1 ma!maticians & animals2 !y are l$ by two inv>iable rules1 demon/ration & in/9ct3 & ev5 ! ma!maticians h _h "s disputes1 b ! animals h nev] v>i$4 ,! contra/s1 ! light & %ade 9 :i* public m5 are repres5t$ 9 hi/ory1 are n contradictions1 !y are fai?ful portraits ( human nature4 ,e day p condemn & admire ,alex&] ! murd]] ( ,clitus1 b ! av5g] ( ,greece1 ! conqu]or ( ! ,p]sians1 & ! f\nd] ( ,alex&ria2 ,cs> ! debau*ee1 :o robs ! public treasury ( ,rome to r$uce 8 c\ntry to dep5d5ce2 b ^: clem5cy equals 8 val\r1 & ^: intellig5ce equals 8 c\rage2 ,mohamm$1 impo/or1 brig&2 b ! sole religi\s legislator :o _h c\rage1 & :o f\nd$ a great empire2 ,cromwell ! en?usia/1 a rogue 9 8 fanaticism ev51 judicial assass9 ( 8 k+1 b z pr(\nd politician z brave w>rior4 ,a ?\s& contra/s frequ5tly cr[d toge!r1 & ^! contra/s are 9 nature2 !y are no m a/oni%+ ?an a f9e day foll[$ by /orm4 ,m5 are equally mad ev]y:]e2 !y h made ! laws little by little1 z gaps are repair$ 9 a wall4 ,"h elde/ sons h tak5 all !y c\ld f y\ng] sons1 !re y\ng] sons %>e equally4 ,sometimes ! ,*ur* has comm&$ ! duel1 sometimes %e has ana!matiz$ x4 ,! p>tisans & ! enemies ( ,ari/otle h ea* be5 excommunicat$ 9 _! turn1 z h ^? :o wore long hair & ^? :o wore %ort4 ,9 ?is _w we h p]fect law only to rule a species ( madness call$ gam+4 ,! rules ( gam+ are ! only ones :i* admit nei!r exception1 relaxation1 v>iety nor tyranny4 ,a man :o has be5 a lackey1 if he play at lansqu5et ) k+s1 is paid )\t difficulty if he w92 ev]y:]e else ! law is a sword ) :i* ! /rong] cut ! weak] 9 pieces4 ,nev]!less1 ?is _w exi/s z if ev]y?+ 7 well ord]$2 ! irregul>ity is ( our nature2 our political _w is l our globe1 a mis%ap5 ?+ :i* always pres]ves itself4 ,x w\ld be mad to wi% t ! m\nta9s1 ! seas1 ! riv]s1 7 trac$ 9 beautiful regul> =ms2 x w\ld be /ill m mad to ask p]fect wisdom ( m52 x w\ld be wi%+ to give w+s to dogs or horns to eagles4 ,,corn ,! ,gauls _h corn 9 ,cs>'s "t3 "o is curi\s to "k :]e !y & ! ,teutons f\nd x to s[4 ,p answ] y t ! ,tyrians _h br\ght x into ,spa91 ! ,spani>ds into ,gaul1 ! ,gauls into ,g]many4 ,& :]e did ! ,tyrians get ?is corn8 ,among ! ,greeks probably1 f :om !y receiv$ x 9 ex*ange = _! alphabet4 ,:o _h made ?is pres5t to ! ,greeks8 ,x 0 =m]ly ,c]es )\t a d\bt2 & :5 "o has gone back to ,c]es "o c h>dly g f>!r4 ,c]es mu/ h come d[n on purpose f ! sky to give u :eat1 rye1 b>ley1 etc4 ,b z ! cr$it ( ,c]es :o gave ! corn to ! ,greeks1 & t ( ,i%e? or ,isis :o be/[$ x on ! ,egyptians1 is v mu* fall5 9 ^! days1 we rema9 9 unc]ta9ty z to ! orig9 ( corn4 ,san*onia?on affirms t ,dagon or ,dagan1 "o ( ! gr&sons ( ,?aut1 _h ! control ( corn 9 ,pho5icia4 ,well1 8 ,?aut is ( ab\t ! same "t z our ,j>$4 ,f ?is x results t corn is v old1 & t x is ( ! same antiquity z grass4 ,p]haps ?is ,dagon 0 ! fir/ man to make bread1 b t is n demon/rat$4 ,/range ?+6 we "k positively t x is to ,noah t we are "u an obligation = w9e1 & we d n "k to :om we owe bread4 ,&1 /ill m /range ?+1 we are s ungrateful to ,noah1 t we h m ?an two ?\s& songs 9 hon\r ( ,bac*us1 & we *ant b>ely "o 9 hon\r ( ,noah our b5efactor4 ,a ,jew has assur$ me t corn came by itself 9 ,mesopotamia1 l ! apples1 wild pe>s1 *e/nuts1 m$l>s 9 ! ,we/4 ,i want to believe x until ,i am sure ( ! contr>y2 = corn mu/ c]ta9ly gr[ some:]e4 ,x has become ! ord9>y & indisp5sable food 9 ! good climates1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?4 ,"s great philosoph]s ^: tal5ts we e/eem & ^: sy/ems we d n foll[ 7,buffon7 h claim$ on page #aie ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,dog1 t mank9d has made corn2 t our fa!rs by virtue ( s[+ lolium & gram9a *ang$ !m into :eat4 ,z ^! philosoph]s are n ( our op9ion ab\t %ells1 !y w p]mit u n to be ( !irs ab\t corn4 ,we d n believe t "o has ev] made tulips gr[ f jasm94 ,we f9d t ! g]m ( corn is q diff]5t f t ( lolium1 & we d n believe 9 any transmutation4 ,:5 somebody %[s x to u we w retract4 ,corn assur$ly is n ! food ( ! great] "p ( ! _w4 ,maize1 tapioca1 fe$ ! :ole ( ,am]ica4 ,we h entire prov9ces :]e ! peasants eat no?+ b *e/nut bread1 m n\ri%+ & ( bett] flav\r ?an t ( rye & b>ley :i* s _m p eat1 & :i* is mu* bett] ?an ! ration bread :i* is giv5 to ! soldi]4 ,! :ole ( s\!rn ,africa does n "k ( bread4 ,! imm5se ar*ipelago ( ! ,indies1 ,siam1 ,laos1 ,pegu1 ,co*9 ,*9a1 ,tonk91 a "p ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 ! coa/ ( ,malab> & ,corom&el1 ! banks ( ! ,ganges furni% a rice1 ! cultivation ( :i* is mu* easi] ?an t ( :eat1 & :i* causes x to be neglect$4 ,corn is absolutely unkn[n = ! space ( fifte5 hundr$ leagues on ! coa/s ( ! ,glacial ,sea4 ,?is food1 to :i* we are accu/om$1 is among u s preci\s t ! fe> ( see+ a de>? ( x alone causes riots among ! mo/ subjugat$ peoples4 ,! corn trade is ev]y:]e "o ( ! great objects ( gov]nm5t2 x is a "p ( our be+1 & yet ?is ess5tial commodity is sometimes squ&]$ ridicul\sly4 ,! p[d] m]*ants use ! be/ fl\r = cov]+ ! heads ( our "y m5 & wom54 ,b ov] ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! e>? bread is n eat5 at all4 ,p ma9ta9 t ! ,e?iopians mock$ at ! ,egyptians :o liv$ on bread4 ,b s9ce x is our *ief food1 corn has become "o ( ! great objects ( trade & politics4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 t if a husb&man s[$ z mu* corn z ! weight ( ! volumes we h ab\t ?is commodity1 he might hope = ! ample/ h>ve/1 & become ri*] ?an ^? :o 9 _! gild$ & lacqu]$ draw+-rooms ignore 8 exce$+ lab\r & wret*$ness4 ,,cromwell ,,section ,i ,cromwell is pa9t$ z a man :o 0 an impo/or all 8 life4 ,i h difficulty 9 believ+ x4 ,i ?9k t fir/ ( all he 0 an en?usia/1 & t lat] he made ev5 8 fanaticism s]ve 8 greatness4 ,a novice :o is f]v5t at ! age ( tw5ty (t5 becomes a skilful rogue at =ty4 ,9 ! great game ( human life "o beg9s by be+ a dupe1 & "o f9i%es by be+ a rogue4 ,a /atesman takes z almon] a monk /eep$ 9 ! pett9esses ( 8 mona/]y1 dev\t1 cr$ul\s1 clumsy1 q new to ! _w3 ! monk le>ns1 =ms himself1 intrigues1 & supplants 8 ma/]4 ,cromwell did n "k at fir/ :e!r he w\ld be an ecclesia/ic or a soldi]4 ,he 0 bo?4 ,9 #afbb he s]v$ a campaign 9 ! army ( ,fr$]ick ,h5ry1 ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 a great man1 bro!r ( two great m52 & :5 he return$ to ,engl&1 he w5t into ! s]vice ( ,bi%op ,williams1 & 0 8 grace's !ologian1 :ile 8 grace pass$ z 8 wife's lov]4 ,8 pr9ciples 7 ^? ( ! ,puritans2 ?us he _h to hate a bi%op ) all 8 he>t1 & n h a lik+ = k+s4 ,he 0 driv5 f ,bi%op ,williams' h\se because he 0 a ,puritan2 & !re is ! orig9 ( 8 =tune4 ,! ,engli% ,p>liam5t decl>$ itself aga9/ ! ?rone & aga9/ ! episcopacy2 "s ( 8 fri5ds 9 ?is p>liam5t procur$ ! nom9ation ( a village = him4 ,only at ?is "t did he beg9 to exi/1 & he 0 m ?an =ty be=e he _h ev] made himself talk$ (4 ,9 va9 0 he conv]sant ) ,holy ,writ1 9 va9 did he argue ab\t ! rights ( prie/s & deacons1 & prea* a few poor s]mons & libels1 he 0 ignor$4 ,i h se5 "o ( 8 s]mons :i* is v insipid1 & :i* be>s suffici5t resemblance to ! pr$ications ( ! quak]s2 assur$ly !re is to be f\nd !re no trace ( t p]suasive eloqu5ce ) :i* lat] he c>ri$ ! p>liam5ts away4 ,! reason is t 9 fact he 0 mu* m suit$ to public affairs ?an to ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 above all 9 8 tone & 9 8 air t 8 eloqu5ce consi/$2 a ge/ure ( t h& t _h won s _m battles & kill$ s _m royali/s1 0 m p]suasive ?an ! p]iods ( ,cic]o4 ,x mu/ be av[$ t x 0 8 incomp>able brav]y :i* made him kn[n1 & :i* l$ him by degrees to ! p9nacle ( greatness4 ,he began by laun*+ out z a volunte] :o wi%$ to make 8 =tune1 9 ! t[n ( ,hull1 besieg$ by ! k+4 ,!re he did _m f9e & happy actions1 = :i* he receiv$ a gratification ( ab\t six ?\s& francs f ! p>liam5t4 ,?is pres5t made by ! p>liam5t to an adv5tur] made x cle> t ! rebel p>ty mu/ prevail4 ,! k+ 0 n 9 a position to give to 8 g5]al (fic]s :at ! p>liam5t gave to volunte]s4 ,) money & fanaticism "o is b\nd 9 ! long run to be ma/] ( ev]y?+4 ,cromwell 0 made colonel4 ,!n 8 great tal5ts = w> develop$ to ! po9t t :5 ! p>liam5t creat$ ! ,c\nt ( ,man*e/] g5]al ( its armies1 x made ,cromwell lieut5ant-g5]al1 )\t 8 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! o!r ranks4 ,nev] did man appe> m wor?y ( comm&+2 nev] 7 m activity & prud5ce1 m boldness & m res\rce se5 ?an 9 ,cromwell4 ,he is w\nd$ at ! battle ( ,york2 & :ile ! fir/ dress+ is be+ put on 8 w\nd1 he le>ns t 8 g5]al1 ,man*e/]1 is retir+1 & t ! battle is lo/4 ,he ha/5s to ,man*e/]'s side2 he f9ds him flee+ ) "s (fic]s2 he takes him by ! arm1 & says to him ) an air ( confid5ce & gr&eur3 ,y are mi/ak51 my "l2 x is n on ?is side t ! enemy is4 ,he leads him back ne> ! battlefield1 rallies dur+ ! night m ?an twelve ?\s& m51 speaks to !m 9 ! "n ( ,god1 quotes ,moses1 ,gideon & ,jo%ua1 at daybreak recomm5ces ! battle aga9/ ! victori\s royal army1 & defeats x completely4 ,su* a man _h to p]i% or be ma/]4 ,ne>ly all ! (fic]s ( 8 army 7 en?usia/s :o c>ri$ ! ,new ,te/am5t at _! saddle-b[3 9 ! army z 9 ! p>liam5t m5 spoke only ( mak+ ,babylon fall1 ( e/abli%+ ! religion 9 ,j]usalem1 ( %att]+ ! colossus4 ,among s _m madm5 ,cromwell ceas$ to be mad1 & ?\ght t x 0 bett] to gov]n !m ?an to be gov]n$ by !m4 ,! habit ( prea*+ z ?\gh he 7 inspir$ rema9$ to him4 ,picture a fakir :o has put an iron belt r\nd 8 wai/ z a p5it5ce1 & :o !n takes (f 8 belt to beat ! o!r fakirs' e>s3 !re y h ,cromwell4 ,he becomes z intrigu+ z he 0 intrepid2 he associates himself ) all ! colonels ( ! army1 & ?us =ms among ! troops a republic :i* =ces ! comm&]-9-*ief to resign4 ,ano!r comm&]-9-*ief is nom9at$1 he disgu/s him4 ,he gov]ns ! army1 & by x he gov]ns ! p>liam5t2 he puts ?is p>liam5t 9 ! necessity ( mak+ him comm&]-9-*ief at la/4 ,all ?is 0 a great deal2 b :at is ess5tial is t he w9s all ! battles he engages 9 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel&2 & he w9s !m1 n 9 wat*+ ! fight+ & 9 tak+ c>e ( himself1 b always by *>g+ ! enemy1 rally+ 8 troops1 ru%+ ev]y:]e1 (t5 w\nd$1 kill+ _m royali/ (fic]s ) 8 own h&1 l a desp]ate & infuriat$ gr5adi]4 ,amid ?is frightful w> ,cromwell made love2 he w5t1 8 ,bible "u 8 arm1 to sleep ) ! wife ( 8 major-g5]al1 ,lamb]t4 ,%e lov$ ! ,c\nt ( ,holl&1 :o 0 s]v+ 9 ! k+'s army4 ,cromwell took him prison] 9 a battle1 & enjoy$ ! pleasure ( hav+ 8 rival's head cut (f4 ,8 maxim 0 to %$ ! blood ( e important enemy1 ei!r on ! field ( battle1 or by ! execution]'s h&4 ,he always increas$ 8 p[]1 by always d>+ to abuse x2 ! pr(undity ( 8 plans took away no?+ f 8 f]oci\s impetuosity4 ,he goes into ! ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t &1 tak+ 8 wat*1 :i* he ?rew on ! gr\nd & :i* he %att]$ to atoms3 ,i w break y1 he said1 l ?is wat*4 ,he returns !re "s "t aft]1 drives all ! memb]s out "o aft] ! o!r1 mak+ !m defile be=e him4 ,ea* is oblig$1 z he passes1 to make him a deep b[3 "o ( !m passes ) 8 hat on 8 head2 ,cromwell takes 8 hat f him & ?r[s x on ! gr\nd3 ,le>n to respect me1 he says4 ,:5 he _h outrag$ all k+s by hav+ 8 own legitimate k+'s head cut (f1 & :5 he />t$ to reign himself1 he s5t 8 portrait to a cr[n$ head2 x 0 to ,*ri/9e1 ,que5 ( ,sw$54 ,m>vell1 a fam\s ,engli% poet1 :o wrote v good ,lat9 v]se1 accompani$ ?is portrait ) six v]ses :]e he made ,cromwell himself speak4 ,cromwell correct$ ! la/ two z foll[s3 ,at tibi submittit frontem rev]5tior umbra1 ,non sunt hi vultus regibus usque truces4 ,?is que5 0 ! fir/ to recognize him z soon z he 0 protector ( ! ?ree k+doms4 ,almo/ all ! sov]eigns ( ,europe s5t _! ambassadors to _! bro!r ,cromwell1 to ?is bi%op's s]vant1 :o _h j caus$ a sov]eign1 _! own k91 to p]i% at ! h& ( ! execution]4 ,!y vi$ ) ea* 9 solicit+ 8 alliance4 ,c>d9al ,maz>91 to please him1 drove out ( ,france ! two sons ( ,*>les ,i41 ! two gr&sons ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ! two fir/ c\s9s ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,france conqu]$ ,dunkirk = him1 & s5t him ! keys4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 & all 8 c\rt wore m\rn+1 except+ ,mademoiselle1 :o _h ! c\rage to come to ! company 9 a col\r$ habit1 & alone ma9ta9$ ! hon\r ( h] race4 ,nev] 0 a k+ m absolute ?an he 04 ,he said t he _h pref]r$ gov]n+ "u ! "n ( protector r ?an "u t ( k+1 because ! ,engli% knew ! po9t to :i* a ,k+ ( ,engl&'s pr]ogative ext5d$1 & did n "k to :at po9t a protector's might g4 ,t 0 to und]/& m51 :o are gov]n$ by op9ion1 & ^: op9ion dep5ds on a "n4 ,he _h conceiv$ a pr(\nd scorn = ! religion :i* _h s]v$ to 8 =tune4 ,!re is a c]ta9 anecdote pres]v$ 9 ! h\se ( ,/4 ,john1 :i* proves suffici5tly ! little acc\nt :i* ,cromwell made ( ! in/rum5t :i* _h produc$ su* great effects 9 8 h&s4 ,he 0 dr9k+ "o day ) ,ireton1 ,fleetwood & ,/4 ,john1 great-gr&fa!r ( ! celebrat$ ,"l ,bol+broke2 !y wi%$ to uncork a bottle1 & ! corkscrew fell "u ! table2 !y all look$ = x & did n f9d x4 ,mean:ile a deputation f ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*es 0 wait+ 9 ! ante*amb]1 & an u%] came to ann\nce !m4 ,tell !m1 said ,cromwell1 t ,i h retir$1 & t ,i am seek+ ! ,"l4 ,x 0 ! expression :i* ! fanatics us$ :5 !y 7 say+ _! pray]s4 ,:5 he _h ?us dismiss$ ! b& ( m9i/]s1 he said ^! v words to 8 confidants3 ,^? puppies ?9k t we are seek+ ! ,"l1 & we are only seek+ ! corkscrew4 ,!re is b>ely an example 9 ,europe ( any man :o1 come f s l[1 rais$ himself s high4 ,b :at 0 absolutely ess5tial to him ) all 8 tal5ts8 ,=tune4 ,he _h ?is =tune2 b 0 he happy8 ,he liv$ poorly & anxi\sly until he 0 =ty-?ree2 f t "t he ba!d himself 9 blood1 pass$ 8 life 9 turmoil1 & di$ be=e 8 "t at ! age ( fifty-sev54 ,let u comp>e ?is life ) t ( ,newton1 :o liv$ eighty-f\r ye>s1 always tranquil1 always hon\r$1 always ! light ( all ?9k+ be+s1 see+ increase ea* day 8 r5[n1 8 reputation1 8 =tune1 )\t ev] hav+ ei!r c>e or remorse2 & let u judge :i* ( ! two _h ! bett] "p4 ,,section ,,ii ,oliv] ,cromwell 0 reg>d$ ) admiration by ! ,puritans & indep5d5ts ( ,engl&2 he is /ill _! h]o2 b ,ri*>d ,cromwell1 8 son1 is my man4 ,! fir/ is a fanatic :o w\ld be hiss$ to-day 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 if he utt]$ !re "o s+le "o ( ! un9telligible absurdities :i* he gave out ) s mu* confid5ce be=e o!r fanatics :o li/5$ to him op5-m\!d & wide-ey$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,if he said t "o mu/ seek ! ,"l1 & fight ! ,"l's battles2 if he introduc$ ! ,jewi% j>gon into ! p>liam5t ( ,engl&1 to ! et]nal %ame ( ! human intellig5ce1 he w\ld be ne>] to be+ l$ to ,b$lam ?an to be+ *os5 to comm& armies4 ,he 0 brave )\t a d\bt2 s are wolves2 !re are ev5 monkeys z fi]ce z tig]s4 ,f be+ a fanatic he became an adroit politician1 t is to say t f a wolf he became fox1 climb$ by impo/ure f ! fir/ /eps :]e ! infuriat$ en?usiasm ( ! times _h plac$ him1 "r to ! p9nacle ( greatness2 & ! impo/or walk$ on ! heads ( ! pro/rat$ fanatics4 ,he reign$1 b he liv$ 9 ! horrors ( anxiety4 ,he knew nei!r s]5e days nor tranquil nights4 ,! consolations ( fri5d%ip & society nev] approa*$ him2 he di$ be=e 8 "t1 m wor?y1 )\t a d\bt1 ( execution ?an ! k+ :om he _h conduct$ f a w9d[ ( 8 own palace to ! scaffold4 ,ri*>d ,cromwell1 on ! contr>y1 born ) a g5tle1 wise _s1 refus$ to keep 8 fa!r's cr[n at ! price ( ! blood ( two or ?ree rebels :om he c\ld sacrifice to 8 ambition4 ,he pref]r$ to be r$uc$ to private life r ?an be an omnipot5t assass94 ,he left ! protectorate )\t regret to live z a citiz54 ,free & tranquil 9 ! c\ntry1 he enjoy$ heal? !re1 & !re did he possess 8 s\l 9 peace = eighty-six ye>s1 lov$ by 8 neighb\rs1 to :om he 0 arbit] & fa!r4 ,read]s1 give y\r v]dict4 ,if y _h to *oose betwe5 ! de/9y ( ! fa!r & t ( ! son1 :i* w\ld y take8 ,,cu/oms ,,contemptible ,,cu/oms ,,d ,,n ,,always ,,suppose ,a ,,contemptible ,,nation ,!re are cases :]e "o mu/ n judge a nation by its cu/oms & popul> sup]/itions4 ,i suppose t ,cs>1 hav+ conqu]$ ,egypt1 want+ to make trade fl\ri% 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 has s5t an embassy to ,*9a1 by ! port ( ,ars9o1 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,! ,emp]or ,yv5ti1 fir/ ( 8 "n1 0 !n reign+2 ! annals ( ,*9a repres5t him z a v wise & le>n$ pr9ce4 ,aft] receiv+ ,cs>'s ambassadors ) all ! ,*9ese polit5ess1 he in=ms himself secretly ?r\gh 8 int]pret]s ( ! cu/oms1 sci5ce & religion ( ?is ,roman p1 z celebrat$ 9 ! ,we/ z ! ,*9ese p is 9 ! ,ea/4 ,he le>ns fir/ ( all t ?is p's pontiffs h arrang$ _! ye> 9 s absurd a fa%ion t ! sun has already ! heav5ly signs ( spr+ :5 ! ,romans are celebrat+ ! fir/ fe/ivals ( w9t]4 ,he le>ns t ?is nation supports at great co/ a college ( prie/s :o "k exactly ! "t :5 "o %\ld set sail & :5 "o %\ld give battle1 by inspect+ an ox's liv]1 or by ! way 9 :i* ! *ick5s eat b>ley4 ,?is sacr$ sci5ce 0 br\ght =m]ly to ! ,romans by a little god nam$ ,tages1 :o em]g$ f ! e>? 9 ,tuscany4 ,^! peoples wor%ip "o supreme ,god :om !y always call ! v great & v good ,god4 ,nev]!less1 !y h built a temple to a c\rtesan nam$ ,flora2 & almo/ all ! good wom5 ( ,rome h 9 _! homes little h\sehold gods f\r or five in*es high4 ,"o ( ^! little div9ities is ! goddess ( ! brea/s2 ! o!r ! goddess ( ! buttocks4 ,!re is a h\sehold god :o is call$ ! god ,pet4 ,! emp]or ,yv5ti />ts laugh+3 ! tribunals ( ,nank9 ?9k fir/ ( all ) him t ! ,roman ambassadors are madm5 or impo/ors :o h tak5 ! title ( envoys ( ! ,roman ,republic2 b z ! emp]or is z j z he is polite1 he has private talks ) ! ambassadors4 ,he le>ns t ! ,roman pontiffs h be5 v ignorant1 b t ,cs> is n[ re=m+ ! cal5d>2 !y admit to him t ! college ( augurs 0 e/abli%$ 9 e>ly b>b>\s times2 t ?is ridicul\s in/itution1 become de> to a p long unciviliz$1 has be5 all[$ to subsi/2 t all hone/ p laugh at ! augurs2 t ,cs> has nev] consult$ !m2 t accord+ to a v great man nam$ ,cato1 nev] has an augur be5 able to speak to 8 comrade )\t laught]2 & t f9ally ,cic]o1 ! greate/ orator & ! be/ philosoph] 9 ,rome1 has j writt5 aga9/ ! augurs a little "w entitl$ ,( ,div9ation1 9 :i* he commits to et]nal ridicule all ! soo?say]s1 all ! pr$ictions1 & all ! sorc]y ( :i* ! _w is infatuat$4 ,! emp]or ( ,*9a is curi\s to read ,cic]o's book1 ! int]pret]s translate x2 he admires ! book & ! ,roman ,republic4 ,,democracy ,ord9>ily !re is no comp>ison betwe5 ! crimes ( ! great :o are always ambiti\s1 & ! crimes ( ! p :o always want1 & c want only lib]ty & equality4 ,^! two s5tim5ts1 ,lib]ty & ,equality1 d n lead direct to calumny1 rap9e1 assass9ation1 poison+1 ! deva/ation ( "o's neighb\rs' l&s1 etc42 b ambiti\s might & ! mania = p[] plunge into all ^! crimes :atev] be ! "t1 :atev] be ! place4 ,popul> gov]nm5t is 9 itself1 !re=e1 less iniquit\s1 less abom9able ?an despotic p[]4 ,! great vice ( democracy is c]ta9ly n tyranny & cruelty3 !re h be5 m\nta9-dwell+ republicans1 savage1 f]oci\s2 b x is n ! republican _s t made !m s1 x is nature4 ,! real vice ( a civiliz$ republic is 9 ! ,turki% fable ( ! dragon ) _m heads & ! dragon ) _m tails4 ,! _m heads hurt ea* o!r1 & ! _m tails obey a s+le head :i* wants to dev\r ev]y?+4 ,democracy seems suitable only to a v little c\ntry1 & fur!r x mu/ be happily situat$4 ,small ?\gh x be1 x w make _m mi/akes1 because x w be compos$ ( m54 ,discord w reign !re z 9 a mona/]y2 b !re w be no ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 no ,iri% massacres1 no ,sicilian vesp]s1 no inquisition1 no condemnation to ! galleys = hav+ tak5 "s wat] f ! sea )\t pay+ = x1 unless "o supposes ?is republic compos$ ( devils 9 a corn] ( hell4 ,"o que/ions e day :e!r a republican gov]nm5t is pref]able to a k+'s gov]nm5t8 ,! dispute ends always by agree+ t to gov]n m5 is v difficult4 ,! ,jews _h ,god ,himself = ma/]2 see :at has happ5$ to !m on t acc\nt3 ne>ly always h !y be5 beat5 & slaves1 & to-day d y n f9d t !y cut a pretty figure8 ,,de/9y ,( all ! books ( ! ,occid5t :i* h come d[n to u1 ! mo/ anci5t is ,hom]2 x is !re t "o f9ds ! cu/oms ( pr(ane antiquity1 ( ! gross h]oes1 ( ! gross gods1 made 9 ! image ( m52 b x is !re t among ! rev]ies & inconsequ5ces1 "o f9ds too ! se$s ( philosophy1 & above all ! idea ( ! de/9y :i* is ma/] ( ! gods1 z ! gods are ma/]s ( ! _w4 ,:5 ! magnanim\s ,hector wi%es absolutely to fight ! magnanim\s ,a*illes1 & ) ?is object />ts flee+ ) all 8 might1 & ?ree times makes ! circuit ( ! city be=e fight+1 9 ord] to h m vig\r2 :5 ,hom] comp>es fleet-(-foot ,a*illes1 :o pursues him1 to a man :o sleeps2 :5 ,madame ,daci] goes into ec/asies ( admiration ov] ! art & mighty s5se ( ?is passage1 !n ,jupit] wants to save great ,hector :o has made s _m sacrifices to him1 & he consults ! fates2 he weighs ! de/9ies ( ,hector & ,a*illes 9 ! balance 7,iliad1 liv4 xxii473 he f9ds t ! ,trojan mu/ absolutely be kill$ by ! ,greek2 he _c oppose x2 & f ?is mom5t1 ,apollo1 ,hector's gu>dian g5ius1 is =c$ to ab&on him4 ,x is n t ,hom] is n (t5 prodigal1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ?is place1 ( q contr>y ideas1 foll[+ ! privilege ( antiquity2 b he is ! fir/ 9 :om "o f9ds ! notion ( de/9y4 ,?is notion1 !re=e1 0 v mu* 9 vogue 9 8 "t4 ,! ,ph>isees1 among ! little ,jewi% p1 did n adopt de/9y until sev]al c5turies lat]2 = ^! ,ph>isees !mselves1 :o 7 ! fir/ lit]ates among ! ,jews1 7 v new fangl$4 ,9 ,alex&ria !y mix$ a "p ( ! dogmas ( ! ,/oics ) ! old ,jewi% ideas4 ,/4 ,j]ome claims ev5 t _! sect is n mu* ant]ior to ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! philosoph]s nev] _h ne$ ei!r ( ,hom] or ! ,ph>isees to p]suade !mselves t ev]y?+ happ5s ?r\gh immutable laws1 t ev]y?+ is arrang$1 t ev]y?+ is a necess>y effect4 ,?is is h[ !y argu$4 ,ei!r ! _w exi/s by its own nature1 by its physical laws1 or a supreme be+ has =m$ x accord+ to 8 supreme laws3 9 bo? cases1 ^! laws are immutable2 9 bo? cases ev]y?+ is necess>y2 heavy bodies t5d t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 )\t be+ able to t5d to pause 9 ! air4 ,pe>-trees c nev] be> p9eapples4 ,a spaniel's in/9ct _c be an o/ri*'s in/9ct2 ev]y?+ is arrang$1 9 ge>1 limit$4 ,man c h only a c]ta9 numb] ( tee?1 hair & ideas2 !re comes a "t :5 he necess>ily loses 8 tee?1 hair & ideas4 ,x w\ld be a contradiction t :at 0 ye/]day 0 n1 t :at is to-day is n2 x is also a contradiction t :at mu/ be _c be4 ,if y c\ld di/urb ! de/9y ( a fly1 !re w\ld be no reason t c\ld /op y\r mak+ ! de/9y ( all ! o!r flies1 ( all ! o!r animals1 ( all m51 ( all nature2 y w\ld f9d y\rself 9 ! end m p[]ful ?an ,god4 ,imbeciles say3 ,my doctor has extricat$ my aunt f a mortal malady2 he has made my aunt live t5 ye>s long] ?an %e ought to h liv$4 ,o!rs :o affect k1 say3 ,! prud5t man makes 8 own de/9y4 ,b (t5 ! prud5t1 f> f mak+ _! de/9ies1 succumb to !m2 x is de/9y :i* makes !m prud5t4 ,pr(\nd /ud5ts ( politics affirm t1 if ,cromwell1 ,ludl[1 ,ireton & a doz5 o!r p>liam5t>ians _h be5 assass9at$ a week be=e ,*>les ,i4's head 0 cut (f1 ?is k+ might h liv$ long] & di$ 9 8 b$2 !y are "r2 !y c add fur!r t if ! :ole ( ,engl& _h be5 swall[$ up 9 ! sea1 ?is mon>* w\ld n h p]i%$ on a scaffold ne> ,:itehall2 b ?+s 7 arrang$ s t ,*>les _h to h 8 neck sev]$4 ,c>d9al d',ossat 0 d\btless m prud5t ?an a madman 9 ,b$lam2 b is x n cle> t ! organs ( d',ossat ! sage 7 made o!rwise ?an ^? ( ! scatt]-bra98 j z a fox's organs are diff]5t f a /ork's & a l>k's4 ,y\r doctor sav$ y\r aunt2 b assur$ly he did n 9 t contradict nature's ord]2 he foll[$ x4 ,x is cle> t y\r aunt c\ld n /op h]self be+ born 9 su* & su* t[n1 t %e c\ld n /op h]self hav+ a c]ta9 malady at a p>ticul> "t1 t ! doctor c\ld n be else:]e ?an 9 ! t[n :]e he 01 t y\r aunt _h to call him1 t he _h to prescribe = h] ! drugs :i* cur$ h]1 or :i* "o ?9ks cur$ h]1 :5 nature 0 ! only doctor4 ,a peasant ?9ks t x has hail$ on 8 field by *ance2 b ! philosoph] kn[s t !re is no *ance1 & t x 0 impossible1 9 ! con/itution ( ?is _w1 = x n to hail on t day 9 t place4 ,!re are p]sons :o1 fright5$ by ?is tru?1 admit half ( x z debtors :o (f] half to _! cr$itors1 & ask respite = ! re/4 ,!re are1 !y say1 "s ev5ts :i* are necess>y1 & o!rs :i* are n4 ,x w\ld be v comic t "o "p ( ! _w 0 arrang$1 & t ! o!r 7 n2 t a "p ( :at happ5s _h to happ51 & t ano!r "p ( :at happ5s did n h to happ54 ,if "o looks closely at x1 "o sees t ! doctr9e contr>y to t ( de/9y is absurd2 b !re are _m p de/9$ to reason badly1 o!rs n to reason at all1 o!rs to p]secute ^? :o reason4 ,"s say to y3 ,d n believe 9 fatalism2 = !n ev]y?+ appe>+ inevitable1 y w "w at no?+1 y w wall[ 9 indiff]5ce1 y w love nei!r ri*es1 nor hon\rs1 nor glory2 y w n want to acquire any?+1 y w believe y\rself )\t m]it z )\t p[]2 no tal5t w be cultivat$1 ev]y?+ w p]i% ?r\gh apa?y4 ,be n afraid1 g5tlem51 we %all ev] h passions & prejudices1 s9ce x is our de/9y to be subject$ to prejudices & passions3 we %all "k t x no m dep5ds on u to h mu* m]it & great tal5t1 ?an to h a good head ( hair & beautiful h&s3 we %all be conv9c$ t we mu/ n be va9 ab\t any?+1 & yet we %all always h vanity4 ,i necess>ily h ! passion = writ+ ?is1 & y h ! passion = condemn+ me2 bo? ( u are equally fools1 equally ! toys ( de/9y4 ,y\r nature is to d h>m1 m9e is to love tru?1 & to make x public 9 spite ( y4 ,! owl1 :i* fe$s on mice 9 its ru9s1 said to ! night+ale3 ,f9i% s++ "u y\r beautiful %ady trees1 come into my hole1 t ,i may eat y2 & ! night+ale answ]$3 ,i 0 born to s+ "h1 & to laugh at y4 ,y ask me :at w become ( lib]ty8 ,i d n und]/& y4 ,i d n "k :at ?is lib]ty is ( :i* y speak2 s long h y be5 disput+ ab\t its nature1 t assur$ly y are n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,if y wi%1 or r1 if y are able to exam9e peaceably ) me :at x is1 pass to ! lett] ,l4 ,,dev\t ,! ^w dev\t signifies devot$2 & 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m ?is qualification %\ld belong only to monks & nuns :o make v[s4 ,b z 9 ! ,gospel !re is no m m5tion ( v[s ?an ( dev\t p]sons1 ?is title does n 9 fact belong to anyone4 ,ev]yone %\ld be equally righte\s4 ,a man :o /yles himself dev\t resembles a common] :o /yles himself a m>quis2 he arrogates to himself a quality he does n possess4 ,he ?9ks himself m wor?y ?an 8 neighb\r4 ,"o c =give su* fooli%ness 9 wom52 _! frailty & _! frivolity r5d] !m excusable2 ! poor creatures pass f a lov] to a director 9 good fai?3 b "o _c p>don ! rogues :o direct !m1 :o abuse _! ignorance1 :o e/abli% ! ?rone ( _! pride on ! cr$ulity ( ! sex4 ,!y resolve !mselves into a little my/ic s]aglio compos$ ( sev5 or eight ag$ beauties1 subdu$ by ! weight ( _! lack ( occupation1 & almo/ always d ^! p]sons pay tribute to _! new ma/]s4 ,no "y woman )\t a lov]1 no ag$ dev\t woman )\t a director4 ,oh6 ! ,ori5tals are wis] ?an we are6 ,nev] does a pa%a say3 ,we supp$ ye/]day ) ! ,aga ( ! ,janiss>ies :o is my si/]'s lov]1 & ! vic> ( ! mosque :o is my wife's director4 ,,! ,,ecclesia/ical ,,m9i/ry ,! in/itution ( religion exi/s only to keep mank9d 9 ord]1 & to make m5 m]it ! goodness ( ,god by _! virtue4 ,ev]y?+ 9 a religion :i* does n t5d t[>ds ?is goal mu/ be consid]$ =eign or dang]\s4 ,in/ruction1 exhortation1 m5aces ( pa9s to come1 promises ( immortal beatitude1 pray]s1 c\nsels1 spiritual help are ! only means ecclesia/ics may use to try to make m5 virtu\s "h bel[1 & happy = et]nity4 ,all o!r means are repugnant to ! lib]ty ( ! reason1 to ! nature ( ! s\l1 to ! inalt]able rights ( ! consci5ce1 to ! ess5ce ( religion & ( ! ecclesia/ical m9i/ry1 to all ! rights ( ! sov]eign4 ,virtue supposes lib]ty1 z ! c>ry+ ( a burd5 supposes active =ce4 ,"u co]cion no virtue1 & )\t virtue no religion4 ,make a slave ( me1 ,i %all be no bett] = x4 ,! sov]eign ev5 has no "r to use co]cion to lead m5 to religion1 :i* supposes ess5tially *oice & lib]ty4 ,my ?\ght is subord9ate to au?ority no m ?an is sickness or heal?4 ,9 ord] to dis5tangle all ! contradictions ) :i* books on canon law h be5 fill$1 & to fix our ideas on ! ecclesia/ical m9i/ry1 let u inve/igate amid a ?\s& equivocations :at ! ,*ur* is4 ,! ,*ur* is ! assembly ( all ! fai?ful summon$ on c]ta9 days to pray 9 common1 & at all times to d good actions4 ,! prie/s are p]sons e/abli%$ "u ! au?ority ( ! sov]eign to direct ^! pray]s & all religi\s wor%ip4 ,a num]\s ,*ur* c\ld n exi/ )\t ecclesia/ics2 b ^! ecclesia/ics are n ! ,*ur*4 ,x is no less evid5t t if ! ecclesia/ics1 :o are "p ( civil society1 _h acquir$ rights :i* might tr\ble or de/roy society1 ^! rights ought to be suppress$4 ,x is /ill m evid5t t1 if ,god has atta*$ to ! ,*ur* pr]ogatives or rights1 nei!r ^! rights nor ^! pr]ogatives %\ld belong exclusively ei!r to ! *ief ( ! ,*ur* or to ! ecclesia/ics1 because !y are n ! ,*ur*1 j z ! magi/rates are n ! sov]eign 9 ei!r a democratic /ate or 9 a mon>*y4 ,f9ally1 x is q evid5t t x is our s\ls :i* are "u ! cl]gy's c>e1 solely = spiritual ?+s4 ,our s\l acts int]nally2 int]nal acts are ?\ght1 volition1 incl9ations1 acquiesc5ce 9 c]ta9 tru?s4 ,all ^! acts are above all co]cion1 & are )9 ! ecclesia/ical m9i/]'s sph]e only 9 s f> z he mu/ in/ruct & nev] comm&4 ,?is s\l acts also ext]nally4 ,ext]nal actions are "u ! civil law4 ,"h co]cion may h a place2 temporal or corporal pa9s ma9ta9 ! law by puni%+ ^? :o infr+e x4 ,ob$i5ce to ecclesia/ical ord] mu/ consequ5tly always be free & volunt>y3 no o!r %\ld be possible4 ,submission1 on ! o!r h&1 to civil ord] may be co]c$ & compulsory4 ,= ! same reason1 ecclesia/ical puni%m5ts1 always spiritual1 d n rea* "h bel[ any b ^? :o are conv9c$ inw>dly ( _! fault4 ,civil pa9s1 on ! contr>y1 accompani$ by a physical ill1 h _! physical effects1 :e!r or no ! guilty recognize _! ju/ice4 ,f ?is x results obvi\sly t ! au?ority ( ! cl]gy is & c be spiritual only2 t x %\ld n h any temporal p[]2 t no co]cive =ce is prop] to its m9i/ry1 :i* w\ld be de/roy$ by x4 ,x foll[s f ?is fur!r t ! sov]eign1 c>eful n to suff] any p>tition ( 8 au?ority1 mu/ p]mit no ent]prise :i* puts ! memb]s ( society 9 ext]nal & civil dep5d5ce on an ecclesia/ical body4 ,su* are ! inconte/able pr9ciples ( real canon law1 ( :i* ! rules & decisions %\ld be judg$ at all times by ! et]nal & immutable tru?s :i* are f\nd$ on natural law & ! necess>y ord] ( society4 ,,emblem ,9 antiquity ev]y?+ is symbol or emblem4 ,9 ,*aldea x />ts by putt+ a ram1 two kids1 a bull 9 ! sky1 to m>k ! productions ( ! e>? 9 ! spr+4 ,fire is ! symbol ( ! ,deity 9 ,p]sia2 ! cele/ial dog w>ns ! ,egyptians ( ! ,nile floods2 ! s]p5t :i* hides its tail 9 its head1 becomes ! image ( et]nity4 ,! :ole ( nature is repres5t$ & disguis$4 ,9 ,india aga9 y f9d _m ( ^? old /atues1 unc\? & frightful1 ( :i* we h already spok51 repres5t+ virtue provid$ ) t5 great arms ) :i* to combat vice1 & :i* our poor mission>ies h tak5 = ! picture ( ! devil4 ,put all ^! symbols ( antiquity be=e ! eyes ( a man ( ! s\nde/ s5se1 :o has nev] he>d speak ( !m1 he w n und]/& any?+3 x is a language to be le>n$4 ,! old !ological poets 7 9 ! necessity ( giv+ ,god eyes1 h&s1 feet2 ( ann\nc+ ,him 9 ! =m ( a man4 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria records "s v]ses ( ,x5ophanes ! ,colophonian 7,/romates liv4 v471 f :i* "o sees t x is n m]ely f to-day t m5 h made ,god 9 _! own image4 ,orpheus ( ,?race1 ! fir/ !ologian ( ! ,greeks1 long be=e ,hom]1 expresses himself simil>ly1 accord+ to ! same ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,ev]y?+ be+ symbol & emblem1 ! philosoph]s1 & especially ^? :o _h travell$ 9 ,india1 employ$ ?is me?od2 _! precepts 7 emblems & enigmas4 ,d n /ir ! fire ) a sword1 t is1 d n irritate angry m54 ,d n hide ! light "u ! bu%el4--,d n hide ! tru? f m54 ,ab/a9 f beans4--,flee frequ5tly public assemblies 9 :i* "o gave "o's suffrage ) black or :ite beans4 ,d n h swall[s 9 y\r h\se4--,t x may n be fill$ ) *att]]s4 ,9 ! tempe/ wor%ip ! e*o4--,9 times ( public tr\ble retire to ! c\ntry4 ,d n write on ! sn[4--,d n tea* feeble & sluggi% m9ds4 ,d n eat ei!r y\r he>t or y\r bra94--,d n give y\rself up to ei!r grief or to too difficult ent]prises1 etc4 ,su* are ! maxims ( ,py?agoras1 ! s5se ( :i* is n h>d to und]/&4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( all ! emblems is t ( ,god1 :om ,timu ( ,locres repres5ts by ?is idea3 ,a circle ! c5tre ( :i* is ev]y:]e & ! circumf]5ce n[h]e4 ,plato adopt$ ?is emblem2 ,pascal _h ins]t$ x among ! mat]ial :i* he int5d$ us+1 & :i* has be5 call$ 8 ,?\ghts4 ,9 metaphysics1 9 moral philosophy1 ! anci5ts h said ev]y?+4 ,we co9cide ) !m1 or we repeat !m4 ,all mod]n books ( ?is k9d are only repetitions4 ,x is above all among ! ,indians1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,syrians1 t ^! emblems1 :i* to u appe> mo/ /range1 7 consecrat$4 ,x is !re t ! two organs ( g5]ation1 ! two symbols ( life1 7 c>ri$ 9 procession ) ! greate/ respect4 ,we laugh at x1 we d>e treat ^! peoples z b>b>\s idiots1 because !y innoc5tly ?ank$ ,god = hav+ giv5 !m exi/5ce4 ,:at w\ld !y h said if !y _h se5 u ent] our temples ) ! in/rum5t ( de/ruction at our side8 ,at ,!bes ! s9s ( ! p 7 repres5t$ by a goat4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,pho5icia a nak$ woman1 ) a fi%'s tail1 0 ! emblem ( nature4 ,"o mu/ n be a/oni%$1 !re=e1 if ?is use ( symbols rea*$ ! ,hebrews :5 !y _h =m$ a body ( p ne> ! ,syrian des]t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful emblems ( ! ,judaic books is ?is passage ( ,ecclesia/es3 444 :5 ! gr9d]s cease because !y are few1 & ^? t look out ( ! w9d[s be d>k5$1 :5 ! almond-tree %all fl\ri% & ! gras%opp] %all be a burd53 or ev] ! silv] cord be loos$1 or ! gold5 b[l be brok51 or ! pit*] be brok5 at ! f\nta94444 ,t signifies t ! old m5 lose _! tee?1 t _! sight is dim1 t _! hair :it5s l ! fl[] ( ! almond-tree1 t _! feet swell l ! gras%opp]1 t !y are no m fit = eng5d]+ *ildr51 & t !n !y mu/ prep>e = ! great j\rney4 ,! ,song ( ,songs is 7z "o kn[s7 a cont9ual emblem ( ! m>riage ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ! ,*ur*4 ,x is an emblem f beg9n+ to end4 ,especially does ! +5i\s ,dom ,calmet demon/rate t ! palm-tree to :i* ! well-belov$ goes is ! cross to :i* our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 condemn$4 ,b x mu/ be av[$ t a pure & heal?y moral philosophy is /ill pref]able to ^! allegories4 ,"o sees 9 ?is p's books a cr[d ( typical emblems :i* revolt u to-day & :i* ex]cise our incr$ulity & our mock]y1 b :i* appe>$ ord9>y & simple to ! ,asiatic peoples4 ,9 ,ezekiel are images :i* appe> to u z lic5ti\s & revolt+3 9 ^? times !y 7 m]ely natural4 ,!re are ?irty examples 9 ! ,song ( ,songs1 model ( ! mo/ *a/e union4 ,rem>k c>efully t ^! expressions1 ^! images are always q s]i\s1 & t 9 no book ( ?is di/ant antiquity w y f9d ! lea/ mock]y on ! great subject ( g5]ation4 ,:5 lu/ is condemn$ x is 9 def9ite t]ms2 b nev] to excite to passion1 nor to make ! smalle/ pleasantry4 ,?is f>-di/ant antiquity did n h its ,m>tial1 its ,catullus1 or its ,petronius4 ,x results f all ! ,jewi% prophets & f all ! ,jewi% books1 z f all ! books :i* in/ruct u 9 ! usages ( ! ,*aldeans1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,pho5icians1 ! ,syrians1 ! ,indians1 ! ,egyptians2 x results1 ,i say1 t _! cu/oms 7 n ours1 t ?is anci5t _w 9 no way resembl$ our _w4 ,g f ,gibralt> to ,mequ9ez m]ely1 ! mann]s are no long] ! same2 no long] does "o f9d ! same ideas2 two leagues ( sea h *ang$ ev]y?+4 ,,on ,,! ,,engli% ,,!atre ,i h ca/ my eyes on an edition ( ,%akespe>e issu$ by ,ma/] ,samuel ,johnson4 ,i saw !re t =eign]s :o are a/oni%$ t 9 ! plays ( ! great ,%akespe>e a ,roman s5ator plays ! buffoon1 & t a k+ appe>s on ! /age drunk1 are treat$ z little-m9d$4 ,i d n desire to suspect ,ma/] ,johnson ( be+ a sorry je/]1 & ( be+ too fond ( w9e2 b ,i f9d x some:at extraord9>y t he c\nts buffoon]y & drunk5ness among ! beauties ( ! tragic /age3 & no less s+ul> is ! reason he gives1 t ! poet disda9s accid5tal di/9ctions ( circum/ance & c\ntry1 l a pa9t] :o1 cont5t ) hav+ pa9t$ ! figure1 neglects ! drap]y4 ,! comp>ison w\ld be m j if he 7 speak+ ( a pa9t] :o 9 a noble subject %\ld introduce ridicul\s grotesques1 %\ld pa9t ,alex&] ! ,great m\nt$ on an ass 9 ! battle ( ,arbela1 & ,d>ius' wife dr9k+ at an inn ) rapscallions4 ,b !re is "o ?+ m extraord9>y ?an all1 t is t ,%akespe>e is a g5ius4 ,! ,italians1 ! ,fr5*1 ! m5 ( lett]s ( all o!r c\ntries1 :o h n sp5t "s "t 9 ,engl&1 take him only = a cl[n1 = a jok] f> inf]ior to ,h>lequ91 = ! mo/ contemptible buffoon :o has ev] amus$ ! populace4 ,nev]!less1 x is 9 ?is same man t "o f9ds pieces :i* exalt ! imag9ation & :i* /ir ! he>t to its dep?s4 ,x is ,tru?1 x is ,nature h]self :o speaks h] own language ) no admixture ( artifice4 ,x is ( ! sublime1 & ! au?or has 9 no wise s\ght x4 ,:at c "o conclude f ?is contra/ ( gr&eur & sordidness1 ( sublime reason & unc\? folly1 9 %ort f all ! contra/s t we see 9 ,%akespe>e8 ,t he w\ld h be5 a p]fect poet _h he liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,addison4 ,! fam\s ,addison1 :o fl\ri%$ "u ,que5 ,anne1 is p]haps ( all ,engli% writ]s ! "o :o be/ knew h[ to guide g5ius ) ta/e4 ,he _h a correct /yle1 an imag9ation discreet 9 expression1 elegance1 /r5g? & simplicity 9 8 v]se & 9 8 prose4 ,a fri5d ( propriety & ord]l9ess1 he want$ trag$y to be writt5 ) dignity1 & x is ?us t 8 ,cato is compos$4 ,f ! v fir/ act ! v]ses are wor?y ( ,virgil1 & ! s5tim5ts wor?y ( ,cato4 ,!re is no !atre 9 ,europe :]e ! sc5e ( ,juba & ,syphax 0 n applaud$ z a ma/]piece ( skill1 ( well-develop$ *>act]s1 ( f9e contra/s1 & ( pure & noble diction4 ,lit]>y ,europe1 :i* kn[s ! translations ( ?is piece1 applaud$ ev5 to ! philosophic traits ) :i* ! rle ( ,cato is fill$4 ,! piece _h ! great success :i* its beauty ( detail m]it$1 & :i* 0 assur$ to x by ! tr\bles 9 ,engl& to :i* ?is trag$y 0 9 m ?an "o place a /rik+ allusion4 ,b ! apposit5ess ( ^! allusions hav+ pass$1 ! v]se be+ only beautiful1 ! maxims be+ only noble & j1 & ! piece be+ cold1 p no long] felt any?+ m ?an ! coldness4 ,no?+ is m beautiful ?an ,virgil's second canto2 recite x on ! /age1 x w bore3 on ! /age "o mu/ h passion1 live dialogue1 action4 ,p soon return$ to ,%akespe>e's unc\? b captivat+ ab]rations4 ,,envy ,"o kn[s well en\gh :at antiquity has said ( ?is %ameful passion1 & :at ! mod]ns h repeat$4 ,hesiod is ! fir/ classic au?or :o speaks ( x4 ,! pott] is envi\s ( ! pott]1 ! artisan ( ! artisan1 ! poor man ev5 ( ! poor man1 ! musician ( ! musician 7or if "o w\ld give ano!r s5se to ! ^w ,aoidos7 ! poet ( ! poet4 ,long be=e ,hesiod1 ,job _h said3 ,envy slaye? ! silly "o 7,job4 *ap4 v4 v]se #b74 ,i ?9k t ,m&eville1 au?or ( ! ,fable ( ! ,bees1 0 ! fir/ to try to prove t envy is a v good ?+1 a v useful passion4 ,8 fir/ reason is t envy is z natural to man z hung] & ?ir/2 t x c be f\nd 9 *ildr51 z well z 9 horses & dogs4 ,d y want y\r *ildr5 to hate ea* o!r1 kiss "o m ?an ! o!r2 ! secret is infallible4 ,he ma9ta9s t ! fir/ ?+ t two "y wom5 meet+ ea* o!r d is to ca/ ab\t = :at is ridicul\s 9 ea* o!r1 & ! second to flatt] ea* o!r4 ,he believes t )\t envy ! arts w\ld be indiff]5tly cultivat$1 & t ,raphael w\ld n h be5 a great pa9t] if he _h n be5 jeal\s ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,m&eville has tak5 emulation = envy1 maybe2 maybe1 also1 emulation is only envy kept )9 ! b\nds ( dec5cy4 ,mi*ael ,angelo might say to ,raphael3 ,y\r envy has only l$ y to "w /ill bett] ?an me2 y h n decri$ me1 y h n intrigu$ aga9/ me ) ! ,pope1 y h n tri$ to h me excommunicat$ = hav+ put cripples & "o-ey$ m5 9 p>adise1 & succul5t c>d9als ) beautiful wom5 nak$ z y\r h& 9 hell1 9 my picture ( ! la/ judgm5t4 ,y\r envy is v praisewor?y2 y are a f9e envi\s fell[2 let u be good fri5ds4 ,b if ! envi\s man is a wret* )\t tal5t1 jeal\s ( m]it z begg>s are ( ! ri*2 if1 press$ by ! indig5ce z by ! turpitude ( 8 "* he writes y "s ,news f ,p>nassus1 "s ,lett]s ( ,madame la ,comtesse1 "s ,annes ,littraires1 ?is animal displays an envy t is good = no?+1 & = :i* ,m&eville c\ld nev] make an apology4 ,"o asks :y ! anci5ts ?\ght t ! eye ( ! envi\s man bewit*$ ^? :o look$ at x4 ,x is ! envi\s1 r1 :o are bewit*$4 ,desc>tes says3 ,t envy impels ! yell[ bile :i* comes f ! l[] "p ( ! liv]1 & ! black bile :i* comes f ! sple51 :i* is diffus$ f ! he>t ?r\gh ! art]ies1 etc4 ,b z no k9d ( bile is =m$ 9 ! sple51 ,desc>tes1 by speak+ ?us1 does n seem to m]it too mu* t 8 natural philosophy %\ld be envi$4 ,a c]ta9 ,vot or ,votius1 a !ological scamp1 :o accus$ ,desc>tes ( a!ism1 0 v ill ) ! black bile2 b he knew /ill less ?an ,desc>tes h[ 8 dete/able bile 0 diffus$ 9 8 blood4 ,madame ,p]nelle is "r3 ,! envi\s w die1 b envy nev]4 7,t>tufe1 ,act v1 ,sc5e iii47 ,b x is good prov]b :i* says t x is bett] to be envi\s ?an to h pity4 ,let u be envi\s1 !re=e1 z h>d z we c4 ,,equality ,,section ,i ,x is cle> t m51 enjoy+ ! faculties connect$ ) _! nature1 are equal2 !y are equal :5 !y p]=m animal functions1 & :5 !y ex]cise _! und]/&+4 ,! ,k+ ( ,*9a1 ! ,great ,mogul1 ! ,padi%a ( ,turkey1 _c say to ! lea/ ( m53 ,i =bid y to dige/1 to g to ! privy & to ?9k4 ,all ! animals ( ea* species are equal among !mselves4 ,animals by nature h ov] u ! advantage ( indep5d5ce4 ,if a bull :i* is woo+ a heif] is driv5 away ) ! bl[s ( ! horns by a /rong] bull1 x goes 9 se>* ( ano!r mi/ress 9 ano!r field1 & lives free4 ,a cock1 beat5 by a cock1 consoles itself 9 ano!r p\ltry-h\se4 ,x is n s ) u4 ,a little vizi] exiles a bo/angi to ,lemnos3 ! vizi] ,azem exiles ! little vizi] to ,t5$os3 ! padi%a exiles ! little vizi] ,azem to ,rhodes3 ! ,janiss>ies put ! padi%a 9 prison1 & elect ano!r :o w exile good ,mussulmans z he *ooses2 p w /ill be v oblig$ to him if he limits 8 sacr$ au?ority to ?is little ex]cise4 ,if ?is _w 7 :at x seems x %\ld be1 if man c\ld f9d ev]y:]e 9 x an easy subsi/5ce1 & a climate suitable to 8 nature1 x is cle> t x w\ld be impossible = "o man to enslave ano!r4 ,if ?is globe 7 cov]$ ) :olesome fruits2 if ! air1 :i* %\ld contribute to our life1 gave u no diseases & a premature dea?2 if man _h no ne$ ( lodg+ & b$ o!r ?an ^? ( ! buck & ! de]2 !n ! ,g5gis-kans & ! ,tam]lans w\ld h no s]vants o!r ?an _! *ildr51 :o w\ld be folk hon\rable en\gh to help !m 9 _! old age4 ,9 ! natural /ate enjoy$ by all untam$ quadrup$s1 birds & reptiles1 man w\ld be z happy z !y2 dom9ation w\ld !n be a *im]a1 an absurdity ( :i* no "o w\ld ?9k2 = :y seek s]vants :5 y h no ne$ ( _! s]vice8 ,if x came into ! head ( "s individual ( tyrann\s m9d & brawny arm to enslave a neighb\r less /rong ?an he1 ! ?+ w\ld be impossible2 ! oppress$ w\ld be on ! ,danube be=e ! oppressor _h tak5 8 measures on ! ,volga4 ,all m5 w\ld !n be necess>ily equal1 if !y 7 )\t ne$s2 ! pov]ty connect$ ) our species subord9ates "o man to ano!r2 x is n ! inequality :i* is ! real mis=tune1 x is ! dep5d5ce4 ,x matt]s v little t ,s-&-s calls himself ,8 ,highness1 & ,s-&-s ,8 ,hol9ess2 b to s]ve ! "o or ! o!r is h>d4 ,a big family has cultivat$ fruitful soil2 two little families ne> by h ?ankless & rebelli\s fields2 ! two poor families h to s]ve ! opul5t family1 or slaught] x3 !re is no difficulty 9 t4 ,"o ( ! two indig5t families (f]s its arms to ! ri* family 9 ord] to h bread2 ! o!r goes to attack x & is beat54 ,! s]v+ family is ! orig9 ( ! s]vants & ! workm52 ! beat5 family is ! orig9 ( ! slaves4 ,9 our unhappy _w x is impossible = m5 liv+ 9 society n to be divid$ into two classes1 ! "o ! ri* t comm&s1 ! o!r ! poor t s]ves2 & ^! two are subdivid$ into a ?\s&1 & ^! ?\s& /ill h diff]5t gradations4 ,:5 ! prizes are drawn y come to u3 ,i am a man l y1 y say4 ,i h two h&s & two feet1 z mu* pride z y1 nay m1 a m9d z disord]$1 at lea/1 z inconsequ5t1 z contradictory z y\rs4 ,i am a citiz5 ( ,san ,m>9o1 or ( ,ragusa1 or ,vaugir>d3 give me my %>e ( ! l&4 ,9 our kn[n hemisph]e !re are ab\t fifty ?\s& million arp5ts to cultivate1 "s passable1 "s /]ile4 ,we are only ab\t a ?\s& million fea!rless bip$s 9 ?is cont95t2 t makes fifty arp5ts apiece3 be j2 give me my fifty arp5ts4 ,g & take !m 9 ! l& ( ! ,cafres1 we answ]1 or ! ,hott5tots1 or ! ,samoy$es2 come to an amicable arrangem5t ) !m2 "h all ! %>es are tak54 ,if among u y want to eat1 be clo!d1 lodg$1 w>m$1 "w = u z y\r fa!r did2 s]ve u or amuse u1 & y w be paid2 o!rwise y w be oblig$ to ask *>ity1 :i* w\ld be too degrad+ to y\r sublime nature1 & w\ld /op y\r be+ really ! equal ( k+s1 & ev5 ( c\ntry p>sons1 accord+ to ! pret5sions ( y\r noble pride4 ,,section ,,ii ,all ! poor are n unhappy4 ,! majority 7 born 9 t /ate1 & cont9ual "w /ops _! feel+ _! position too ke5ly2 b :5 !y feel x1 !n "o sees w>s1 l t ( ! popul> p>ty aga9/ ! s5ate p>ty 9 ,rome1 l ^? ( ! peasants 9 ,g]many1 ,engl& & ,france4 ,all ^! w>s f9i% soon] or lat] ) ! subjection ( ! p1 because ! p[]ful h money1 & money is ma/] ( ev]y?+ 9 a /ate3 ,i say 9 a /ate2 = x is n ! same betwe5 nations4 ,! nation :i* makes ! be/ use ( ! sword w always subjugate ! nation :i* has m gold & less c\rage4 ,all m5 are born ) a suffici5tly viol5t lik+ = dom9ation1 weal? & pleasure1 & ) mu* ta/e = idl5ess2 consequ5tly1 all m5 want _! money & ! wives or daught]s ( o!rs1 to be _! ma/]1 to subject !m to all _! caprices1 & to d no?+1 or at lea/ to d only v agreeable ?+s4 ,y see cle>ly t ) ^! f9e incl9ations x is z impossible = m5 to be equal z x is impossible = two pr$icants or two pr(essors ( !ology n to be jeal\s ( ea* o!r4 ,! human race1 su* z x is1 _c subsi/ unless !re is an inf9ity ( useful m5 :o possess no?+ at all2 = x is c]ta9 t a man :o is well (f w n leave 8 own l& to come to till y\rs2 & if y h ne$ ( a pair ( %oes1 x is n ! ,secret>y to ! ,privy ,c\ncil :o w make !m = y4 ,equality1 !re=e1 is at once ! mo/ natural ?+ & ! mo/ fanta/ic4 ,z m5 g to excess 9 ev]y?+ :5 !y c1 ?is inequality has be5 exagg]at$4 ,x has be5 ma9ta9$ 9 _m c\ntries t x 0 n p]missible = a citiz5 to leave ! c\ntry :]e *ance has caus$ him to be born2 ! s5se ( ?is law is visibly3 ,?is l& is s bad & s badly gov]n$1 t we =bid any individual to leave x1 = fe> t ev]yone w leave x4 ,d bett]3 make all y\r subjects want to live 9 y\r c\ntry1 & =eign]s to come to x4 ,all m5 h ! "r 9 ! bottom ( _! he>ts to ?9k !mselves entirely equal to o!r m53 x does n foll[ f t t ! c>d9al's cook %\ld ord] 8 ma/] to prep>e him 8 d9n]2 b ! cook c say3 ,i am a man l my ma/]2 l him ,i 0 born cry+2 l me he w die ) ! same pangs & ! same c]emonies4 ,bo? ( u p]=m ! same animal functions4 ,if ! ,turks take possession ( ,rome1 & if !n ,i am c>d9al & my ma/] cook1 ,i %all take him into my s]vice4 ,?is disc\rse is reasonable & j2 b :ile wait+ = ! ,great ,turk to take possession ( ,rome1 ! cook mu/ d 8 duty1 or else all human society is p]v]t$4 ,z reg>ds a man :o is nei!r a c>d9al's cook1 nor end[$ ) any o!r employm5t 9 ! /ate2 z reg>ds a private p]son :o is connect$ ) no?+1 b :o is vex$ at be+ receiv$ ev]y:]e ) an air ( be+ patroniz$ or scorn$1 :o sees q cle>ly t _m monsignors h no m k1 wit or virtue ?an he1 & :o at times is bor$ at wait+ 9 _! ante*amb]s1 :at %\ld he decide to d8 ,:y1 to take himself (f4 ,,expiation ,maybe ! mo/ beautiful in/itution ( antiquity is t solemn c]emony :i* repress$ crimes by w>n+ t !y mu/ be puni%$1 & :i* calm$ ! despair ( ! guilty by mak+ !m atone = _! transgressions by p5it5ces4 ,remorse mu/ necess>ily h prec$$ ! expiations2 = ! maladies are old] ?an ! m$ic9e1 & all ne$s h exi/$ be=e relief4 ,x 01 !re=e1 be=e all ! cre$s1 a natural religion1 :i* tr\bl$ man's he>t :5 9 8 ignorance or 9 8 ha/9ess he _h committ$ an inhuman action4 ,a fri5d kill$ 8 fri5d 9 a qu>rel1 a bro!r kill$ 8 bro!r1 a jeal\s & frantic lov] ev5 kill$ h] )\t :om he c\ld n live4 ,! head ( a nation condemn$ a virtu\s man1 a useful citiz54 ,^! are m5 9 despair1 if !y h s5sibility4 ,_! consci5ce h>ries !m2 no?+ is m true2 & x is ! height ( unhapp9ess4 ,only two *oices rema91 ei!r rep>ation1 or a settl+ 9 crime4 ,all s5sitive s\ls *oose ! fir/1 mon/]s *oose ! second4 ,z soon z religions 7 e/abli%$1 !re 7 expiations2 ! c]emonies accompany+ !m 7 ridicul\s3 = :at connection betwe5 ! wat] ( ! ,ganges & a murd]8 h[ c\ld a man repair a homicide by ba?+ himself8 ,we h already rem>k$ ?is excess ( ab]ration & absurdity1 ( imag9+ t he :o wa%es 8 body wa%es 8 s\l1 & wipes away ! /a9s ( bad actions4 ,! wat] ( ! ,nile _h lat] ! same virtue z ! wat] ( ! ,ganges3 to ^! purifications o!r c]emonies 7 add$3 ,i av[ t !y 7 /ill m imp]t95t4 ,! ,egyptians took two goats1 & drew lots = :i* ( ! two %\ld be ?r[n bel[1 *>g$ ) ! s9s ( ! guilty4 ,! "n ( ,hazazel1 ! expiator1 0 giv5 to ?is goat4 ,:at connection1 ,i ask y1 betwe5 a goat & a man's crime8 ,x is true t s9ce1 ,god p]mitt$ ?is c]emony to be sanctifi$ among ! ,jews our fa!rs1 :o took s _m ,egyptian rites2 b d\btless x 0 ! rep5tance1 & n ! goat1 :i* purifi$ ! ,jewi% s\ls4 ,jason1 hav+ kill$ ,absyr! 8 /ep-bro!r1 comes1 x is said1 ) ,m$ea1 m guilty ?an he1 to h himself absolv$ by ,circe1 que5 & prie/ess ( ,aea1 :o ev] aft] pass$ = a great magician4 ,circe absolves !m ) a suck+-pig & salt cakes4 ,t may make a fairly good di%1 b c b>ely ei!r pay = ,absyr!'s blood or r5d] ,jason & ,m$ea m hon\rable p1 unless !y av[ a s9c]e rep5tance :ile eat+ _! suck+-pig4 ,ore/es' expiation 7he _h av5g$ 8 fa!r by murd]+ 8 "m7 0 to g to /eal a /atue f ! ,t>t>s ( ,crimea4 ,! /atue mu/ h be5 v badly made1 & !re 0 no?+ to ga9 on su* an effect4 ,s9ce !n we h done bett]1 we h inv5t$ ! my/]ies2 ! guilty might !re receive _! absolution by und]go+ pa9ful ordeals1 & by swe>+ t !y w\ld lead a new life4 ,x is f ?is oa? t ! new memb]s 7 call$ among all nations by a "n :i* corresponds to initiates1 qui ineunt vitam novam1 :o began a new c>e]1 :o ent]$ into ! pa? ( virtue4 ,! ,*ri/ian cate*um5s 7 call$ initiates only :5 !y 7 baptis$4 ,x is und\bt$ t 9 ^! my/]ies "o 0 wa%$ ( "o's faults only by ! oa? to be virtu\s2 t is s true t ! hi]ophant 9 all ! ,greek my/]ies1 9 s5d+ away ! assembly1 pron\nc$ ^! two ,egyptian words--,ko?1 omphe?1 wat*1 be pure2 :i* is a pro( at once t ! my/]ies came orig9ally f ,egypt1 & t !y 7 inv5t$ only to make m5 bett]4 ,! sages 9 all times did :at !y c\ld1 !re=e1 to inspire virtue1 & n to r$uce human frailty to despair2 b also !re are crimes s horrible t no my/]y accord$ expiation = !m4 ,n]o1 = all t he 0 emp]or1 c\ld n get himself initiat$ into ! my/]ies ( ,c]es4 ,con/ant9e1 on ! ,report ( ,zosimus1 c\ld n obta9 p>don = 8 crimes3 he 0 /a9$ ) ! blood ( 8 wife1 8 son & all 8 k9dr$4 ,x 0 9 ! int]e/ ( ! human race t su* great transgressions %\ld rema9 )\t expiation1 9 ord] t absolution %\ld n invite _! committal1 & t univ]sal horror might sometimes /op ! villa9s4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics h expiations :i* are call$ p5it5ces4 ,by ! laws ( ! b>b>ians :o de/roy$ ! ,roman ,empire1 crimes 7 expiat$ ) money4 ,t 0 call$ comp\nd+1 componat cum decem1 vig9ti1 trig9ta solidis4 ,x co/ two hundr$ s\s ( t "t to kill a prie/1 & f\r hundr$ = kill+ a bi%op2 s t a bi%op 0 wor? precisely two prie/s4 ,hav+ ?us comp\nd$ ) m51 "o comp\nd$ ) ,god1 :5 confession 0 g5]ally e/abli%$4 ,f9ally1 ,pope ,john ,,xxii41 :o made money out ( ev]y?+1 prep>$ a t>iff ( s9s4 ,! absolution ( an ince/1 f\r turon5ses = a layman2 ab ince/u pro laico 9 =o consci5ti turon5ses quatuor4 ,= ! man & ! woman :o h committ$ ince/1 eighte5 turon5ses f\r ducats & n9e c>l9s4 ,t is n j2 if "o p]son pays only f\r turon5ses1 ! two ow$ only eight turon5ses4 ,sodomy & be/iality are put at ! same rate1 ) ! inhibitory clause to title ,,xliii3 t am\nts to n9ety turon5ses twelve ducats & six c>l9s3 cum inhibitione turon5ses #ij1 ducatos #ab1 c>l9os #f1 etc4 ,x is v difficult to believe t ,leo ,x4 0 s imprud5t z to h ?is impo/ pr9t$ 9 #aead1 z is ass]t$2 b x mu/ be consid]$ t no sp>k appe>$ at t "t ( ! conflagration :i* re=m]s k9dl$ lat]1 t ! c\rt ( ,rome slumb]$ on ! p's cr$ulity1 & neglect$ to cov] its exactions ) ! lighte/ veil4 ,! public sale ( indulg5ces1 :i* foll[$ soon aft]1 makes x cle> t ?is c\rt took no precaution to hide ! turpitudes to :i* s _m nations 7 accu/om$4 ,z soon z compla9ts aga9/ ! ,*ur*'s abuses bur/ =?1 ! c\rt did :at x c\ld to suppress ! book2 b x c\ld n succe$4 ,if ,i d>e give my op9ion ( ?is impo/1 ,i ?9k t ! v>i\s editions are n reliable2 ! prices are n at all proportionate3 ^! prices d n agree ) ^? :i* are alleg$ by d',aubign1 gr&fa!r ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 9 ! ,confession de ,sanci2 he rates virg9ity at six gros1 & ince/ ) 8 "m & si/] at five gros2 ?is acc\nt is ridicul\s4 ,i ?9k t !re 0 9 fact a t>iff e/abli%$ 9 ! dat>y's (fice1 = ^? :o came to ,rome to be absolv$1 or to b>ga9 = disp5sations2 b t ! enemies ( ,rome add$ mu* to x 9 ord] to r5d] x m odi\s4 ,:at is q c]ta9 is t ^! impo/s 7 nev] au?oriz$ by any c\ncil2 t x 0 an enorm\s abuse inv5t$ by av>ice1 & respect$ by ^? ^: int]e/ x 0 n to aboli% x4 ,! buy]s & ! sell]s 7 equally satisfi$3 ?us1 b>ely anybody prote/$1 until ! tr\bles ( ! re=mation4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t an exact note ( all ^! impo/s w\ld be ( great s]vice to ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d4 ,,extreme ,we %all try to extract f ?is ^w extreme a notion :i* may be useful4 ,"o disputes e day if1 9 w>1 luck or lead]%ip produces successes4 ,if1 9 disease1 nature acts m ?an m$ic9e = cur+ or kill+4 ,if1 9 jurisprud5ce1 x is n v advantage\s to come to t]ms :5 "o is 9 ! "r1 & to plead :5 "o is 9 ! wrong4 ,if lit]ature contributes to ! glory ( a nation or to its decad5ce4 ,if "o %\ld or %\ld n make ! p sup]/iti\s4 ,if !re is any?+ true 9 metaphysics1 hi/ory & moral philosophy4 ,if ta/e is arbitr>y1 & if !re is 9 fact good ta/e & bad ta/e1 etc41 etc4 ,to decide all ^! que/ions "r away1 take an example ( :at is ! mo/ extreme 9 ea*2 comp>e ! two oppos$ extremes1 & y w at once discov] :i* is true4 ,y wi% to "k if lead]%ip c infallibly det]m9e ! success ( ! w>2 look at ! mo/ extreme case1 ! mo/ oppos$ situations1 9 :i* lead]%ip alone w infallibly triumph4 ,! enemy's army is =c$ to pass ?r\gh a deep m\nta9 gorge2 y\r g5]al kn[s x3 he makes a =c$ m>*1 he takes possession ( ! heights1 he holds ! enemy %ut 9 a pass2 !y mu/ ei!r die or surr5d]4 ,9 ?is extreme case1 luck _c h any "p 9 ! victory4 ,x is !re=e demon/rat$ t skill c det]m9e ! success ( a campaign2 f t alone is x prov$ t w> is an art4 ,n[ imag9e an advantage\s b less decisive position2 success is n s c]ta91 b x is always v probable4 ,y arrive ?us1 /ep by /ep1 to a p]fect equality betwe5 ! two armies4 ,:at w decide !n8 luck1 t is to say an un=ese5 ev5t1 a g5]al (fic] kill$ :5 he is on 8 way to execute an important ord]1 a corps :i* is %ak5 by a false rum\r1 a panic & a ?\s& o!r cases :i* _c be rem$i$ by prud5ce2 b x /ill rema9s c]ta9 t !re is an art1 a g5]al%ip4 ,z mu* mu/ be said ( m$ic9e1 ( ?is art ( op]at+ on ! head & ! h&1 to re/ore life to a man :o is ab\t to lose x4 ,! fir/ man :o at ! "r mom5t bl$ & purg$ a suff]] f an apoplectic fit2 ! fir/ man :o ?\ght ( plung+ a knife into ! bladd] 9 ord] to extract a /one1 & ( clos+ ! w\nd aga92 ! fir/ man :o knew h[ to /op gangr5e 9 a "p ( ! body1 7 )\t a d\bt almo/ div9e p]sons1 & did n resemble ,molire's doctors4 ,desc5d f ?is obvi\s example to exp]im5ts t are less /rik+ & m equivocal2 y see fev]s1 ills ( all k9ds :i* are cur$1 )\t x be+ well prov$ if x be nature or ! doctor :o has cur$ !m2 y see diseases ( :i* ! result _c be guess$2 tw5ty doctors are deceiv$2 ! "o t has ! mo/ intellig5ce1 ! sure/ eye1 guesses ! "* ( ! malady4 ,!re is !re=e an art2 & ! sup]ior man kn[s ! f95esses ( x4 ,?us did ,la ,peyronie guess t a man ( ! c\rt _h swall[$ a po9t$ bone :i* _h caus$ an ulc]1 & put him 9 dang] ( dea?2 ?us did ,bo]haave guess ! cause ( ! malady z unkn[n z cruel ( a c\nt ( ,vass5a>4 ,!re is !re=e really an art ( m$ic9e2 b 9 all arts !re are m5 l ,virgil & ,mvius4 ,9 jurisprud5ce1 take a cle> case1 9 :i* ! law speaks cle>ly2 a bill ( ex*ange prop]ly prep>$ & accept$2 ! acceptor mu/ be condemn$ to pay x 9 e c\ntry4 ,!re is !re=e a useful jurisprud5ce1 al?\gh 9 a ?\s& cases judgm5ts are arbitr>y1 to ! mis=tune ( ! human race1 because ! laws are badly made4 ,d y desire to "k if lit]ature does good to a nation2 comp>e ! two extremes1 ,cic]o & an unc\? ignoramus4 ,see if x is ,pl9y or ,attila :o caus$ ! fall ( ,rome4 ,"o asks if "o %\ld enc\rage sup]/ition 9 ! p2 see above all :at is mo/ extreme 9 ?is disa/r\s matt]1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! massacres 9 ,irel&1 ! crusades2 ! "q is soon answ]$4 ,is !re any tru? 9 metaphysics8 ,seize fir/ ( all ! po9ts t are mo/ a/oni%+ & ! mo/ true2 some?+ exi/s = all et]nity4 ,an et]nal ,be+ exi/s by ,himself2 ?is ,be+ _c be ei!r wick$ or inconsequ5t4 ,"o mu/ surr5d] to ^! tru?s2 almo/ all ! re/ is giv5 ov] to dispute1 & ! ju/e/ m9d unravels ! tru? :ile ! o!rs are seek+ 9 ! %ad[s4 ,x is ) all ?+s z ) col\rs2 ! weake/ eyes di/+ui% black f :ite2 ! bett]1 m practis$ eyes1 disc]n %ades t resemble ea* o!r4 ,,ez\rveidam ,:at is ?is ,ez\rveidam :i* is 9 ! ,k+ ( ,france's libr>y8 ,x is an anci5t comm5t>y :i* an anci5t ,brahm9 compos$ once ^u a "t1 be=e ! epo* ( ,alex&]1 on ! anci5t ,veidam1 :i* 0 itself mu* less anci5t ?an ! book ( ! ,%a/a4 ,let u respect1 ,i tell y1 all ^! anci5t ,indians4 ,!y inv5t$ ! game ( *ess1 & ! ,greeks w5t among !m to le>n geometry4 ,?is ,ez\rveidam 0 la/ly translat$ by a ,brahm91 correspond5t ( ! un=tunate ,fr5* ,india ,company4 ,x 0 br\ght to me on ,m\nt ,krapack1 :]e ,i h long be5 obs]v+ ! sn[s2 & ,i s5t x to ! great ,libr>y ( ,p>is1 :]e x is bett] plac$ ?an 9 my home4 ,^? :o wi% to consult x w see t aft] _m revolutions produc$ by ! ,et]nal1 x pleas$ ! ,et]nal to =m a man :o 0 call$ ,adimo1 & a woman ^: "n corresponds to t ( life4 ,is ?is ,indian anecdote tak5 f ! ,jewi% books8 h ! ,jews copi$ x f ! ,indians8 or c "o say t bo? wrote x orig9ally1 & t f9e m9ds meet8 ,! ,jews 7 n p]mitt$ to ?9k t _! writ]s _h drawn any?+ f ! ,brahm9s1 = !y _h nev] he>d tell ( !m4 ,we are n p]mitt$ to ?9k ab\t ,adam o!rwise ?an ! ,jews4 ,consequ5tly ,i hold my tongue1 & ,i d n ?9k at all4 ,,fai? ,we h long pond]$ :e!r or no we %\ld pr9t ?is article1 :i* we f\nd 9 an old book4 ,our respect = ,/4 ,pet]'s see re/ra9$ u4 ,b "s pi\s m5 hav+ conv9c$ u t ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 _h no?+ 9 common ) ,/4 ,pet]1 we at la/ decid$ to br+ ?is little piece into ! light1 )\t scruple4 ,"o day ,pr9ce ,pico della ,mir&ola met ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 at ! h\se ( ! c\rtesan ,emilia1 :ile ,lucretia1 ! holy fa!r's daught]1 0 9 *ild-b$1 & "o did n "k 9 ,rome if ! *ild 0 ! ,pope's1 or 8 son's ! ,duke ( ,val5t9ois1 or ,lucretia's husb&'s1 ,alphonse ( ,aragon1 :o pass$ = impot5t4 ,! conv]sation 0 at fir/ v sprightly4 ,c>d9al ,bembo records a "p ( x4 ,little ,pic1 said ! ,pope1 :o d y ?9k is my gr&son's fa!r8 ,y\r son-9-law1 ,i ?9k1 answ]$ ,pic4 ,eh6 h[ c y believe su* folly8 ,i believe x ?r\gh fai?4 ,b d y n "k q well t a man :o is impot5t does n make *ildr58 ,fai? consi/s1 return$ ,pic1 9 believ+ ?+s because !y are impossible2 &1 fur!r1 ! hon\r ( y\r h\se dem&s t ,lucretia's son %all n pass z ! fruit ( an ince/4 ,y make me believe m incompreh5sible my/]ies4 ,h ,i n to be conv9c$ t a s]p5t spoke1 t s9ce !n all m5 h be5 damn$1 t ,balaam's %e-ass also spoke v eloqu5tly1 & t ! walls ( ,j]i*o fell at ! s\nd ( trumpets8 ,pic =?) ran ?r\gh a litany ( all ! admirable ?+s he believ$4 ,alex&] fell on 8 s(a by d9t ( laugh+4 ,i believe all t l y1 he said1 = ,i "k well t only by fai? c ,i be sav$1 & t ,i %all n be sav$ by my works4 ,ah6 ,holy ,fa!r1 said ,pic1 y h ne$ ( nei!r works nor fai?2 t is good = poor pr(ane p l u2 b y :o are vice-god c believe & d all y want to4 ,y h ! keys ( heav52 & )\t a d\bt ,/4 ,pet] w n close ! door 9 y\r face4 ,b = myself1 ,i av[ ,i %\ld ne$ pot5t protection if1 be+ only a poor pr9ce1 ,i _h slept ) my daught]1 & if ,i _h us$ ! /iletto & ! cant>ella z (t5 z y\r ,hol9ess4 ,alex&] c\ld take a je/4 ,let u talk s]i\sly1 he said to ,pr9ce della ,mir&ola4 ,tell me :at m]it "o c h 9 tell+ ,god t "o is p]suad$ ( ?+s ( :i* 9 fact "o _c be p]suad$8 ,:at pleasure c t give ,god8 ,betwe5 ourselves1 say+ t "o believes :at is impossible to believe is ly+4 ,pico della ,mir&ola made a great sign ( ! cross4 ,eh6 pat]nal ,god1 he cri$1 may y\r ,hol9ess p>don me1 y are n a ,*ri/ian4 ,no1 by my fai?1 said ! ,pope4 ,i ?\ght z mu*1 said ,pico della ,mir&ola4 ,,false ,,m9ds ,we h bl9d m51 "o-ey$ m51 squ9t-ey$ m51 m5 ) long sight1 %ort sight1 cle> sight1 dim sight1 weak sight4 ,all t is a fai?ful en\gh image ( our und]/&+2 b we are b>ely acqua9t$ ) false sight4 ,!re are h>dly m5 :o always take a cock = a horse1 or a *amb]-pot = a h\se4 ,:y d we (t5 come across m9ds o!rwise j en\gh1 :i* are absolutely false on important ?+s8 ,:y does ?is same ,siamese :o w nev] let himself be *eat$ :5 !re is "q ( c\nt+ him ?ree rupees1 firmly believe 9 ! metamorphoses ( ,sammonocodom8 ,by :at /range s+ul>ity d s5sible m5 resemble ,don ,quixote :o ?\ght he saw giants :]e o!r m5 saw only w9dmills8 ,/ill1 ,don ,quixote 0 m excusable ?an ! ,siamese :o believes t ,sammonocodom came sev]al times on e>?1 & ?an ! ,turk :o is p]suad$ t ,mahomet put half ! moon 9 8 sleeve2 = ,don ,quixote1 /ruck ) ! idea t he mu/ fight giants1 c figure to himself t a giant mu/ h a body z big z a mill2 b f :at supposition c a s5sible man set (f to p]suade himself t ! half ( ! moon has gone into a sleeve1 & t a ,sammonocodom has come d[n f heav5 to play at %uttlecock1 cut d[n a =e/1 & p]=m feats ( leg]dema98 ,! greate/ g5iuses c h false judgm5t ab\t a pr9ciple !y h accept$ )\t exam9ation4 ,newton _h v false judgm5t :5 he comm5tat$ ! ,apocalypse4 ,all t c]ta9 tyrants ( ! s\ls desire is t ! m5 !y tea* %all h false judgm5t4 ,a fakir re>s a *ild :o gives mu* promise2 he sp5ds five or six ye>s 9 driv+ into 8 head t ! god ,fo appe>$ to m5 z a :ite elephant1 & he p]suades ! *ild t he w be :ipp$ aft] 8 dea? = five hundr$ ?\s& ye>s if he does n believe ^! metamorphoses4 ,he adds t at ! end ( ! _w ! enemy ( ! god ,fo w come to fight aga9/ ?is div9ity4 ,! *ild /udies & becomes a prodigy2 he argues on 8 ma/]'s lessons2 he f9ds t ,fo has only be5 able to *ange himself into a :ite elephant1 because t is ! mo/ beautiful ( animals4 ,! k+s ( ,siam & ,pegu1 he says1 h made w> = a :ite elephant2 c]ta9ly if ,fo _h n be5 hidd5 9 t elephant1 ^! k+s w\ld n h be5 s s5seless z to fight simply = ! possession ( an animal4 ,! enemy ( ,fo w come to defy him at ! end ( ! _w2 c]ta9ly ?is enemy w be a rh9oc]os1 = ! rh9oc]os fights ! elephant4 ,x is ?us t 9 mature age ! fakir's le>n$ pupil reasons1 & he becomes "o ( ! lights ( ,india2 ! m subtle 8 m9d1 ! m false is x1 & he =ms lat] m9ds z false z 84 ,"o %[s all ^! fanatics a little geometry1 & !y le>n x easily en\gh2 b /range to relate1 _! m9ds are n /raight5$ = t2 !y p]ceive ! tru?s ( geometry2 b !y d n le>n to weigh probabilities2 !y h got into a habit2 !y w reason crook$ly all _! lives1 & ,i am sorry = !m4 ,!re are un=tunately _m ways ( hav+ a false m9d3 #a4 ,by n exam9+ if ! pr9ciple is true1 ev5 :5 "o d$uces accurate consequ5ces !refrom2 & ?is way is common4 #b4 ,by draw+ false consequ5ces f a pr9ciple recogniz$ z true4 ,= example1 a s]vant is ask$ if 8 ma/] is 9 8 room1 by p]sons he suspects ( want+ 8 life3 if he 7 fooli% en\gh to tell !m ! tru? on ! pretext t "o mu/ n lie1 x is cle> he w\ld be draw+ an absurd consequ5ce f a v true pr9ciple4 ,a judge :o w\ld condemn a man :o has kill$ 8 assass91 because homicide is =bidd51 w\ld be z iniquit\s z he 0 poor reason]4 ,simil> cases are subdivid$ 9 a ?\s& diff]5t gradations4 ,! good m9d1 ! j m9d1 is t :i* di/+ui%es !m2 :5ce comes t "o has se5 s _m iniquit\s judgm5ts1 n because ! judges' he>ts 7 bad1 b because !y 7 n suffici5tly enlight5$4 ,,fa!rl& ,a "y j\rneyman pa/rycook :o _h be5 to college1 & :o /ill knew a few ( ,cic]o's phrases1 boa/$ "o day ( lov+ 8 fa!rl&4 ,:at d y mean by y\r fa!rl&8 a neighb\r ask$ him4 ,is x y\r ov58 is x ! village :]e y 7 born & :i* y h nev] se5 s9ce8 is x ! /reet :]e dwell$ y\r fa!r & "m :o h be5 ru9$ & h r$uc$ y to bak+ little pies = a liv+8 is x ! t[n-hall :]e y w nev] be police sup]9t5d5t's cl]k8 is x ! *ur* ( ,our ,lady :]e y h n be5 able to become a *oir-boy1 :ile an absurd man is ar*bi%op & duke ) an income ( tw5ty ?\s& gold5 l\is8 ,! j\rneyman pa/rycook did n "k :at to answ]4 ,a ?9k] :o 0 li/5+ to ?is conv]sation1 conclud$ t 9 a fa!rl& ( "s ext5t !re 7 (t5 _m ?\s& m5 :o _h no fa!rl&4 ,y1 pleasure lov+ ,p>isian1 :o h nev] made any great j\rney save t to ,dieppe to eat fre% fi%2 :o "k no?+ b y\r v>ni%$ t[n h\se1 y\r pretty c\ntry h\se1 & y\r box at t ,op]a :]e ! re/ ( ,europe p]si/s 9 feel+ bor$2 :o speak y\r own language agreeably en\gh because y "k no o!r1 y love all t1 & y love fur!r ! girls y keep1 ! *ampagne :i* comes to y f ,rheims1 ! divid5ds :i* ! ,htel-de-,ville pays y e six mon?s1 & y say y love y\r fa!rl&6 ,9 all consci5ce1 does a f9anci] cordially love 8 fa!rl&8 ,! (fic] & ! soldi] :o w pillage _! w9t] qu>t]s1 if "o lets !m1 h !y a v w>m love = ! peasants !y ru98 ,:]e 0 ! fa!rl& ( ! sc>r$ ,duc de ,guise1 0 x 9 ,nancy1 ,p>is1 ,madrid1 ,rome8 ,:at fa!rl& h y1 ,c>d9als de ,la ,balue1 ,duprat1 ,lorra9e1 ,maz>98 ,:]e 0 ! fa!rl& ( ,attila & ( a hundr$ h]oes ( ?is type8 ,i w\ld l someone to tell me :i* 0 ,abraham's fa!rl&4 ,! fir/ man to write t ! fa!rl& is :]ev] "o feels com=table 01 ,i believe1 ,euripides 9 8 ,phaeton4 ,b ! fir/ man :o left 8 bir?place to seek 8 com=t else:]e _h said x be=e him4 ,:]e !n is ! fa!rl&8 ,is x n a good field1 ^: own]1 lodg$ 9 a well-kept h\se1 c say3 ,?is field t ,i till1 ?is h\se t ,i h built1 are m9e2 ,i live !re protect$ by laws :i* no tyrant c infr+e4 ,:5 ^? :o1 l me1 possess fields & h\ses1 meet 9 _! common int]e/1 ,i h my voice 9 ! assembly2 ,i am a "p ( ev]y?+1 a "p ( ! community1 a "p ( ! dom9ion2 !re is my fa!rl&48 ,well n[1 is x bett] = y\r fa!rl& to be a mon>*y or a republic8 ,= f\r ?\s& ye>s has ?is "q be5 debat$4 ,ask ! ri* = an answ]1 !y all pref] ari/ocracy2 "q ! p1 !y want democracy3 only k+s pref] royalty4 ,h[ !n is x t ne>ly ! :ole _w is gov]n$ by mon>*s8 ,ask ! rats :o propos$ to hang a bell r\nd ! cat's neck4 ,b 9 tru?1 ! real reason is1 z has be5 said1 t m5 are v r>ely wor?y ( gov]n+ !mselves4 ,x is sad t (t5 9 ord] to be a good patriot "o is ! enemy ( ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,to be a good patriot is to wi% t "o's city may be enri*$ by trade1 & be p[]ful by arms4 ,x is cle> t "o c\ntry _c ga9 )\t ano!r loses1 & t x _c conqu] )\t mak+ mis]y4 ,su* !n is ! human /ate t to wi% = "o's c\ntry's greatness is to wi% h>m to "o's neighb\rs4 ,he :o %\ld wi% t 8 fa!rl& might nev] be great]1 small]1 ri*]1 poor]1 w\ld be ! citiz5 ( ! _w4 ,,f9al ,,causes ,if a clock is n made to tell ! h\r1 ,i w !n admit t f9al causes are *im]as2 & ,i %all consid] x q "r = p to call me cause-f9ali]1 t is--an imbecile4 ,all ! pieces ( ! ma*9e ( ?is _w seem1 h[ev]1 made = ea* o!r4 ,a few philosoph]s affect to mock at ! f9al causes reject$ by ,epicurus & ,lucretius4 ,x is1 x seems to me1 at ,epicurus & ,lucretius r t !y %\ld mock4 ,!y tell y t ! eye is n made = see+1 b t man has avail$ himself ( x = ?is purpose :5 he p]ceiv$ t eyes c\ld be s us$4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! m\? is n made = speak+1 = eat+1 ! /oma* = dige/+1 ! he>t = receiv+ ! blood f ! ve9s & = dispat*+ x ?r\gh ! art]ies1 ! feet = walk+1 ! e>s = he>+4 ,^! p]sons av[ nev]!less t tailors make !m coats to clo! !m1 & masons h\ses to lodge !m1 & !y d>e d5y to nature1 to ! great ,be+1 to ! univ]sal ,intellig5ce1 :at !y accord to ! lea/ ( _! workm54 ,( c\rse "o mu/ n make an abuse ( f9al causes2 we h rem>k$ t 9 va9 ,mr4 ,prieur1 9 ,! ,spectacle ( ,nature1 ma9ta9s t ! tides are giv5 to ! ocean s t vessels may ent] port m easily1 & to /op ! wat] ( ! sea f putrefy+4 ,9 va9 w\ld he say t legs are made to be boot$1 & ! nose to we> spectacles4 ,9 ord] t "o may be c]ta9 ( ! true end = :i* a cause functions1 x is ess5tial t t effect %all exi/ at all times & 9 all places4 ,!re 7 n %ips at all times & on all ! seas2 h5ce "o _c say t ! ocean 0 made = ! %ips4 ,"o feels h[ ridicul\s x w\ld be to ma9ta9 t nature _h work$ f all "t 9 ord] to adju/ h]self to ! inv5tions ( our arbitr>y arts1 :i* appe>$ s late2 b x is q evid5t t if noses 7 n made = spectacles1 !y 7 = smell+1 & t !re h be5 noses ev] s9ce !re h be5 m54 ,simil>ly1 h&s n hav+ be5 giv5 on behalf ( glove-mak]s1 !y are visibly de/9$ = all ! purposes :i* ! metac>pal bones & ! phalanges & ! circul> muscle ( ! wri/ may procure = u4 ,cic]o1 :o d\bt$ ev]y?+1 did n1 h[ev]1 d\bt f9al causes4 ,x seems especially difficult = ! organs ( g5]ation n to be de/9$ to p]petuate ! species4 ,?is me*anism is v admirable1 b ! s5sation :i* nature has jo9$ to ?is me*anism is /ill m admirable4 ,epicurus _h to av[ t pleasure is div9e2 & t ?is pleasure is a f9al cause1 by :i* are ceaselessly produc$ s5ti5t be+s :o h n be5 able to give !mselves s5sation4 ,?is ,epicurus 0 a great man = 8 "t2 he saw :at ,desc>tes d5i$1 :at ,gass5di affirm$1 :at ,newton demon/rat$1 t !re is no movem5t )\t space4 ,he conceiv$ ! necessity ( atoms to s]ve z con/itu5t p>ts ( inv>iable species4 ,^? are exce$+ly philosophical ideas4 ,no?+ 0 especially m wor?y ( respect ?an ! moral sy/em ( ! true ,epicureans2 x consi/$ 9 ! removal to a di/ance ( public matt]s incompatible ) wisdom1 & 9 fri5d%ip1 )\t :i* life is a burd54 ,b z reg>ds ! re/ ( ,epicurus' physics1 !y d n appe> any m admissible ?an ,desc>tes' *annell$ matt]4 ,x is1 x seems to me1 to /op "o's eyes & und]/&+ to ma9ta9 t !re is no design 9 nature2 & if !re is design1 !re is an intellig5t cause1 !re exi/s a ,god4 ,p pres5t to u z objections ! irregul>ities ( ! globe1 ! volcanoes1 ! pla9s ( %ift+ s&s1 a few small m\nta9s de/roy$ & o!rs =m$ by e>?quakes1 etc4 ,b f ! fact t ! naves ( ! :eels ( y\r coa* h caught fire1 does x ensue t y\r coa* 0 n made expressly to c>ry y f "o place to ano!r8 ,! *a9s ( m\nta9s :i* cr[n ! two hemisph]es1 & m ?an six hundr$ riv]s :i* fl[ "r to ! sea f ! feet ( ^! rocks2 all ! /reams :i* come d[n f ^! same res]voirs1 & :i* swell ! riv]s1 aft] f]tiliz+ ! c\ntry2 ! ?\s&s ( f\nta9s :i* />t f ! same s\rce1 & :i* wat] animal & vegetable k9d2 all ^! ?+s seem no m ! effect ( a =tuit\s cause & ( a decl5sion ( atoms1 ?an ! ret9a :i* receives ! rays ( light1 ! cry/all9e l5s :i* refracts !m1 ! incus1 ! malleus1 ! /apes1 ! tympanic membrane ( ! e>1 :i* receives ! s\nds1 ! pa?s ( ! blood 9 our ve9s1 ! sy/ole & dia/ole ( ! he>t1 ?is p5dulum ( ! ma*9e :i* makes life4 ,,fraud ,bambabef ! fakir "o day met "o ( ! disciples ( ,confutzee1 :om we call ,confucius1 & ?is disciple 0 nam$ ,ouang1 & ,bambabef ma9ta9$ t ! p _h ne$ ( be+ deceiv$1 & ,ouang claim$ t "o %\ld nev] deceive anybody2 & "h is ! summ>y ( _! dispute3 ,,bambabef3 ,we mu/ imitate ! ,supreme ,be+ :o does n %[ u ?+s z !y are2 he makes u see ! sun 9 a diamet] ( two or ?ree feet1 al?\gh ?is /> is a million times bigg] ?an ! e>?2 he makes u see ! moon & ! />s set on ! same blue backgr\nd1 :]eas !y are at diff]5t dep?s4 ,he requires t a squ>e t[] %all appe> r\nd to u f a di/ance2 he requires t fire %all seem hot to u1 al?\gh x is nei!r hot nor cold2 9 f9e1 he surr\nds u ) errors suit$ to our nature4 ,,ouang3 ,:at y "n error is n "o at all4 ,! sun1 plac$ z x is at millions ( millions ( lis#f beyond our globe1 is n ! sun we see4 ,we p]ceive 9 reality1 & we c p]ceive1 only ! sun :i* is depict$ 9 our ret9a at a det]m9$ angle4 ,our eyes h n be5 giv5 u = appreciat+ sizes & di/ances1 we ne$ o!r aids & o!r op]ations to appreciate !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bambabef seem$ v a/oni%$ at ?is proposition4 ,ouang1 :o 0 v pati5t1 expla9$ to him ! !ory ( optics2 & ,bambabef1 :o _h a quick und]/&+1 surr5d]$ to ! demon/rations ( ,confutzee's disciple1 !n he resum$ ! argum5t4 ,,bambabef3 ,if ,god does n deceive u ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our s5ses1 z ,i believ$1 av[ at lea/ t doctors always deceive *ildr5 = _! good2 !y tell !m t !y are giv+ !m sug>1 & 9 fact !y are giv+ !m rhub>b4 ,i1 a fakir1 may !n deceive ! p :o are z ignorant z ! *ildr54 ,,ouang3 ,i h two sons2 ,i h nev] deceiv$ !m2 :5 !y h be5 ill ,i h told !m t !re 0 a v bitt] m$ic9e1 & t !y mu/ h ! c\rage to take x2 x w\ld h>m y if x 7 sweet4 ,i h nev] all[$ _! ma/]s & tea*]s to make !m afraid ( spirits1 gho/s1 gobl9s1 sorc]]s2 by ?is means ,i h made brave1 wise "y citiz5s ( !m4 ,,bambabef3 ,! p are n born s happily z y\r family4 ,,ouang3 ,all m5 are alike1 or ne>ly s2 !y are born ) ! same dispositions4 ,"o mu/ n corrupt m5's natures4 ,,bambabef3 ,we tea* !m errors1 ,i admit1 b x is = _! good4 ,we make !m believe t if !y d n buy ! nails we h bless$1 if !y d n expiate _! s9s by giv+ u money1 !y w become1 9 ano!r life1 po/-horses1 dogs or liz>ds4 ,t intimidates !m1 & !y become hone/ p4 ,,ouang3 ,d y n see t y are p]v]t+ ^! poor p8 ,!re are among !m _m m ?an y ?9k :o reason1 :o laugh at y\r miracles1 at y\r sup]/itions1 :o see q well t !y w n be *ang$ into ei!r liz>ds or po/-horses4 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,!y h en\gh s5se to see t y are tell+ !m imp]t95ces1 & !y h n en\gh to raise !mselves t[>d a religion t is pure & free f sup]/ition1 su* z ours4 ,_! passions make !m believe t !re is no religion at all1 because ! only "o t is taught !m is ridicul\s2 y become guilty ( all ! vices 9 :i* !y are plung$4 ,,bambabef3 ,n at all1 = we d n tea* !m any?+ b good morality4 ,,ouang3 ,y w\ld h y\rselves /on$ by ! p if y taught !m impure morality4 ,m5 are s made t !y want to d evil1 b t !y d n want x prea*$ to !m4 ,all t is necess>y is t y %\ld n mix a wise moral sy/em ) absurd fables1 because y weak5 ?r\gh y\r impo/ures1 :i* y c d )\t1 ! morality t y are =c$ to tea*4 ,,bambabef3 ,:at6 y believe t "o c tea* ! p tru? )\t /r5g!n+ x ) fables8 ,,ouang3 ,i firmly believe x4 ,our lit]ati are ( ! same /uff z our tailors1 our weav]s & our husb&m54 ,!y wor%ip a ,god creator1 rew>d]1 av5g]4 ,!y d n sully _! wor%ip1 ei!r by absurd sy/ems1 or by extravagant c]emonies2 & !re are f> less crimes among ! lit]ati ?an among ! p4 ,:y n deign to in/ruct our workm5 z we in/ruct our lit]ati8 ,,bambabef3 ,y w\ld be v fooli%2 x is z if y want$ !m to h ! same c\rtesy1 to be lawy]s2 t is nei!r possible nor prop]4 ,!re mu/ be :ite bread = ! ma/]s1 & br[n bread = ! s]vants4 ,,ouang3 ,i admit t all m5 %\ld n h ! same le>n+2 b !re are "s ?+s necess>y to all4 ,x is necess>y t all m5 %\ld be j2 & ! sure/ way ( inspir+ all m5 ) ju/ice is to inspire 9 !m religion )\t sup]/ition4 ,,bambabef3 ,x is a f9e project1 b x is impracticable4 ,d y ?9k t m5 w be satisfi$ to believe 9 a ,god :o puni%es & rew>ds8 ,y h told me t x (t5 happ5s t ! mo/ %rewd among ! p revolt aga9/ my fables2 !y w revolt 9 ! same way aga9/ tru?4 ,!y w say3 ,:o w assure me t ,god puni%es & rew>ds8 :]e is ! pro( ( x8 :at is y\r mission8 :at miracle h y p]=m$ t ,i may believe y8 ,!y w laugh at y mu* m ?an at me4 ,,ouang3 ,t is :]e y are mi/ak54 ,y imag9e t p w %ake (f ! yoke ( an hone/1 probable idea t is useful to ev]yone1 ( an idea 9 accordance ) human reason1 because p reject ?+s t are di%one/1 absurd1 useless1 dang]\s1 t make good s5se %udd]4 ,! p are v dispos$ to believe _! magi/rates3 :5 _! magi/rates propose to !m only a reasonable belief1 !y embrace x will+ly4 ,!re is no ne$ ( prodigies = believ+ 9 a j ,god1 :o reads 9 man's he>t2 ?is idea is too natural1 too necess>y1 to be combat$4 ,x is n necess>y to say precisely h[ ,god w puni% & rew>d2 x suffices t p believe 9 ,8 ju/ice4 ,i assure y ,i h se5 entire t[ns :i* h _h b>ely any o!r dogma1 & t x is 9 ^? t[ns t ,i h se5 mo/ virtue4 ,,bambabef3 ,take c>e2 9 ^? t[ns y w f9d philosoph]s :o w d5y y bo? y\r pa9s & y\r recomp5ses4 ,,ouang3 ,y w admit to me t ^! philosoph]s w d5y y\r inv5tions /ill m /rongly2 s y ga9 no?+ f t4 ,?\gh !re are philosoph]s :o d n agree ) my pr9ciples1 !re are hone/ p none ! less2 none ! less d !y cultivate ! virtue ( !m1 :i* mu/ be embrac$ by love1 & n by fe>4 ,b1 fur!r1 ,i ma9ta9 t no philosoph] w\ld ev] be assur$ t ,provid5ce did n res]ve pa9s = ! wick$ & rew>ds = ! good4 ,= if !y ask me :o told me t ,god puni%es8 ,i %all ask !m :o has told !m t ,god does n puni%4 ,9 f9e1 ,i ma9ta9 t ^! philosoph]s1 f> f contradict+ me1 w help me4 ,w\ld y l to be a philosoph]8 ,,bambabef3 ,will+ly2 b d n tell ! fakirs4 ,,ouang3 ,let u ?9k above all t1 if a philosoph] wi%es to be useful to human society1 he mu/ ann\nce a ,god4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,a li is #abd paces4 ,,free-,,w ,ev] s9ce m5 h reason$1 ! philosoph]s h obscur$ ?is matt]3 b ! !ologians h r5d]$ x un9telligible by absurd subtleties ab\t grace4 ,locke is p]haps ! fir/ man to f9d a ?read 9 ?is labyr9?2 = he is ! fir/ :o1 )\t hav+ ! arrogance ( tru/+ 9 sett+ out f a g5]al pr9ciple1 exam9$ human nature by analysis4 ,= ?ree ?\s& ye>s p h disput$ :e!r or no ! w is free4 ,9 ! ,essay on ! ,human ,und]/&+1 *apt] on ,p[]1 ,locke %[s fir/ ( all t ! "q is absurd1 & t lib]ty c no m belong to ! w ?an c col\r & movem5t4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is phrase to be free8 x means to be able1 or assur$ly x has no s5se4 ,= ! w to be able is z ridicul\s at bottom z to say t ! w is yell[ or blue1 r\nd or squ>e4 ,to w is to wi%1 & to be free is to be able4 ,let u note /ep by /ep ! *a9 ( :at passes 9 u1 )\t obfuscat+ our m9ds by any t]ms ( ! s*ools or any antec$5t pr9ciple4 ,x is propos$ to y t y m\nt a horse1 y mu/ absolutely make a *oice1 = x is q cle> t y ei!r w g or t y w n g4 ,!re is no middle way4 ,x is !re=e ( absolute necessity t y wi% yes or no4 ,up to !re x is demon/rat$ t ! w is n free4 ,y wi% to m\nt ! horse2 :y8 ,! reason1 an ignoramus w say1 is because ,i wi% x4 ,?is answ] is idiotic1 no?+ happ5s or c happ5 )\t a reason1 a cause2 !re is "o !re=e = y\r wi%4 ,:at is x8 ! agreeable idea ( go+ on horseback :i* pres5ts itself 9 y\r bra91 ! dom9ant idea1 ! det]m9ant idea4 ,b1 y w say1 c ,i n resi/ an idea :i* dom9ates me8 ,no1 = :at w\ld be ! cause ( y\r resi/ance8 ,none4 ,by y\r w y c obey only an idea :i* w dom9ate y m4 ,n[ y receive all y\r ideas2 !re=e y receive y\r wi%1 y wi% !re=e necess>ily4 ,! ^w lib]ty does n !re=e belong 9 any way to y\r w4 ,y ask me h[ ?\ght & wi% are =m$ 9 u4 ,i answ] y t ,i h n ! remote/ idea4 ,i d n "k h[ ideas are made any m ?an h[ ! _w 0 made4 ,all t is giv5 to u is to grope = :at passes 9 our incompreh5sible ma*9e4 ,! w1 !re=e1 is n a faculty t "o c call free4 ,a free w is an expression absolutely void ( s5se1 & :at ! s*ola/ics h call$ w ( indiff]5ce1 t is to say will+ )\t cause1 is a *im]a unwor?y ( be+ combat$4 ,:]e w be lib]ty !n8 9 ! p[] to d :at "o wills4 ,i wi% to leave my /udy1 ! door is op51 ,i am free to leave x4 ,b1 say y1 if ! door is clos$1 & ,i wi% to /ay at home1 ,i /ay !re freely4 ,let u be explicit4 ,y ex]cise !n ! p[] t y h ( /ay+2 y h ?is p[]1 b y h n t ( go+ out4 ,! lib]ty ab\t :i* s _m volumes h be5 writt5 is1 !re=e1 r$uc$ to its accurate t]ms1 only ! p[] ( act+4 ,9 :at s5se !n mu/ "o utt] ! phrase--,man is free8 9 ! same s5se t "o utt]s ! words1 heal?1 /r5g?1 happ9ess4 ,man is n always /rong1 always heal?y1 always happy4 ,a great passion1 a great ob/acle1 deprive him ( 8 lib]ty1 8 p[] ( action4 ,! ^w lib]ty1 free-w1 is !re=e an ab/ract ^w1 a g5]al ^w1 l beauty1 goodness1 ju/ice4 ,^! t]ms d n /ate t all m5 are always beautiful1 good & j2 simil>ly1 !y are n always free4 ,let u g fur!r3 ?is lib]ty be+ only ! p[] ( act+1 :at is ?is p[]8 ,x is ! effect ( ! con/itution & pres5t /ate ( our organs4 ,leibnitz wi%es to resolve a geometrical problem1 he has an apoplectic fit1 he c]ta9ly has n lib]ty to resolve 8 problem4 ,is a vigor\s "y man1 madly 9 love1 :o holds 8 will+ mi/ress 9 8 arms1 free to tame 8 passion8 und\bt$ly n4 ,he has ! p[] ( enjoy+1 & has n ! p[] ( refra9+4 ,locke 0 !re=e v "r to call lib]ty p[]4 ,:5 is x t ?is "y man c refra9 despite ! viol5ce ( 8 passion8 :5 a /rong] idea det]m9es 9 a contr>y s5se ! activity ( 8 body & 8 s\l4 ,b :at6 ! o!r animals w h ! same lib]ty1 !n1 ! same p[]8 ,:y n8 ,!y h s5ses1 memory1 feel+1 p]ceptions1 z we h4 ,!y act ) spontaneity z we act4 ,!y mu/ h also1 z we h1 ! p[] ( act+ by virtue ( _! p]ceptions1 by virtue ( ! play ( _! organs4 ,someone cries3 ,if x be s1 ev]y?+ is only ma*9e1 ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se is subject$ to et]nal laws4 ,well6 w\ld y h ev]y?+ at ! pleasure ( a million bl9d caprices8 ,ei!r ev]y?+ is ! sequ5ce ( ! necessity ( ! nature ( ?+s1 or ev]y?+ is ! effect ( ! et]nal ord] ( an absolute ma/]2 9 bo? cases we are only :eels 9 ! ma*9e ( ! _w4 ,x is a va9 witticism1 a commonplace to say t )\t ! pret5d$ lib]ty ( ! w1 all pa9s & rew>ds are useless4 ,reason1 & y w come to a q contr>y conclusion4 ,if a brig& is execut$1 8 accomplice :o sees him expire has ! lib]ty ( n be+ fright5$ at ! puni%m5t2 if 8 w is det]m9$ by itself1 he w g f ! foot ( ! scaffold to assass9ate on ! broad highway2 if 8 organs1 /rick5 ) horror1 make him exp]i5ce an unconqu]able t]ror1 he w /op robb+4 ,8 companion's puni%m5t becomes useful to him & an insurance = society only s long z 8 w is n free4 ,lib]ty !n is only & c be only ! p[] to d :at "o w4 ,t is :at philosophy tea*es u4 ,b if "o consid]s lib]ty 9 ! !ological s5se1 x is a matt] s sublime t pr(ane eyes d>e n raise !mselves to x4#g ,,footnotes3 #g ,see ,lib]ty4 ,,fr5* ,! ,fr5* language did n beg9 to h any =m until t[>ds ! t5? c5tury2 x 0 born f ! ru9s ( ,lat9 & ,celtic1 mix$ ) a few ,g]manic words4 ,?is language 0 fir/ ( all ! romanum ru/icum1 ru/ic ,roman1 & ! ,g]manic language 0 ! c\rt language up to ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,bald2 ,g]manic rema9$ ! sole language ( ,g]many aft] ! great epo* ( ! p>tition ( #hdc4 ,ru/ic ,roman1 ! ,romance language1 prevail$ 9 ,we/]n ,france2 ! p ( ! c\ntry ( ,vaud1 ( ! ,valais1 ( ! ,engad9e valley1 & ( a few o!r cantons1 /ill reta9 to-day manife/ ve/iges ( ?is idiom4 ,at ! end ( ! t5? c5tury ,fr5* 0 =m$2 p wrote 9 ,fr5* at ! beg9n+ ( ! elev5?2 b ?is ,fr5* /ill reta9$ m ( ,ru/ic ,roman ?an ! ,fr5* ( to-day4 ,! romance ( ,philom5a1 writt5 9 ! t5? c5tury 9 ru/ic ,roman1 is n 9 a tongue v diff]5t f t ( ! ,norman laws4 ,"o /ill rem>ks ,celtic1 ,lat9 & ,g]man d]ivations4 ,! words signify+ ! p>ts ( ! human body1 or ?+s ( daily use1 & :i* h no?+ 9 common ) ,lat9 or ,g]man1 are 9 old ,gauli% or ,celtic1 su* z tte1 jambe1 sabre1 po9te1 all]1 p>l]1 c\t]1 reg>d]1 aboy]1 cri]1 c\tume1 ensemble1 & _m o!rs ( ?is k9d4 ,mo/ ( ! t]ms ( w> 7 ,frank or ,g]man3 ,m>*e1 halte1 m>*al1 biv\ac1 reitre1 lansqu5et4 ,all ! re/ is ,lat92 & all ! ,lat9 words 7 abridg$1 accord+ to ! cu/om & g5ius ( ! nations ( ! nor?2 ?us f palatium1 palais2 f lupus1 l\p2 f ,augu/e1 aot2 f ,junius1 ju92 f unctus1 o9t2 f purpura1 p\rpre2 f pretium1 prix1 etc4 ,h>dly 7 !re left any ve/iges ( ! ,greek tongue1 :i* _h be5 s long spok5 at ,m>seilles4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury !re began to be introduc$ into ! language "s ( ! t]ms ( ,ari/otle's philosophy2 & t[>ds ! sixte5? c5tury "o express$ by ,greek t]ms all ! p>ts ( ! human body1 _! diseases1 _! rem$ies2 :5ce ! words c>diaque1 cphalique1 podagre1 apoplectique1 a/hmatique1 iliaque1 empyme1 & s _m o!rs4 ,al?\gh ! language !n enri*$ itself f ! ,greek1 & al?\gh s9ce ,*>les ,,viii4 x _h drawn mu* aid f ,italian already p]fect$1 ! ,fr5* language _h n yet tak5 regul> consi/5ce4 ,franois ,i] aboli%$ ! anci5t cu/om ( plead+1 judg+1 contract+ 9 ,lat92 cu/om :i* bore witness to ! b>b>ism ( a language :i* "o did n d>e use 9 public docum5ts1 a p]nici\s cu/om = citiz5s ^: lot 0 regulat$ 9 a language !y did n und]/&4 ,"o 0 oblig$ !n to cultivate ,fr5*2 b ! language 0 nei!r noble nor regul>4 ,! syntax 0 left to caprice4 ,! g5ius = conv]sation be+ turn$ to pleasantries1 ! language became v f]tile 9 burlesque & nave expressions1 & v /]ile 9 noble & h>moni\s t]ms3 f ?is x comes t 9 rhym+ diction>ies "o f9ds tw5ty t]ms suitable = comic poetry1 = "o = m exalt$ use2 & x is1 fur!r1 a reason :y ,m>ot nev] succe$$ 9 a s]i\s /yle1 & :y ,amyot c\ld r5d] ,plut>*'s elegance only ) navet4 ,fr5* acquir$ vig\r b5ea? ! p5 ( ,montaigne2 b x /ill _h nei!r nobility nor h>mony4 ,rons>d spoil$ ! language by br++ into ,fr5* poetry ! ,greek comp\nds :i* ! doctors & philosoph]s us$4 ,malh]be repair$ ,rons>d's mis*ief some:at4 ,! language became m noble & m h>moni\s ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,acadmie ,franaise1 & acquir$ f9ally1 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ! p]fection :]eby x might be c>ri$ into all =ms ( composition4 ,! g5ius ( ?is language is ord] & cl>ity2 = ea* language has its g5ius1 & ?is g5ius consi/s 9 ! facility :i* ! language gives = express+ oneself m or less happily1 = us+ or reject+ ! famili> twi/s ( o!r languages4 ,fr5* hav+ no decl5sions1 & be+ always subject to ! article1 _c adopt ,greek & ,lat9 inv]sions2 x obliges words to arrange !mselves 9 ! natural ord] ( ideas4 ,only 9 "o way c "o say ,plancus a pris so9 des affaires de ,cs>4 ,t is ! only arrangem5t "o c give to ^! words4 ,express ?is phrase 9 ,lat9--,res ,cs>is ,plancus dilig5t] curavit3 "o c arrange ^! words 9 a hundr$ & tw5ty ways1 )\t injur+ ! s5se & )\t tr\bl+ ! language4 ,! auxili>y v]bs :i* eke out & en]vate ! phrases 9 mod]n languages1 /ill r5d] ! ,fr5* tongue little suit$ to ! concise lapid>y /yle4 ,! auxili>y v]bs1 its pron\ns1 its articles1 its lack ( decl9able p>ticiples1 & f9ally its uni=m gait1 are injuri\s to ! great en?usiasm ( poetry1 9 :i* x has less res\rces ?an ,italian & ,engli%2 b ?is con/ra9t & ?is bondage r5d] x m suitable = trag$y & com$y ?an any language 9 ,europe4 ,! natural ord] 9 :i* "o is oblig$ to express "o's ?\ghts & con/ruct "o's phrases1 diffuses 9 ?is language a sweetness & eas9ess t is pleas+ to all peoples2 & ! g5ius ( ! nation m+l+ ) ! g5ius ( ! language has produc$ m agreeably writt5 books ?an c be se5 among any o!r p4 ,! pleasure & lib]ty ( society hav+ be5 long kn[n only 9 ,france1 ! language has receiv$ !refrom a delicacy ( expression & a f9esse full ( simplicity b>ely to be f\nd else:]e4 ,?is f9esse has sometimes be5 exagg]at$1 b p ( ta/e h always kn[n h[ to r$uce x )9 j limits4 ,_m p]sons h ?\ght t ! ,fr5* language has become impov]i%$ s9ce ! "t ( ,amyot & ,montaigne3 "o does inde$ f9d 9 _m au?ors expressions :i* are no long] admissible2 b !y are = ! mo/ "p famili> expressions = :i* equival5ts h be5 sub/itut$4 ,! language has be5 enri*$ ) a quantity ( noble & en]getic expressions2 & )\t speak+ "h ( ! eloqu5ce ( ?+s1 x has acquir$ ! eloqu5ce ( words4 ,x is 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 z has be5 said1 t ?is eloqu5ce _h its greate/ spl5d\r1 & t ! language 0 fix$4 ,:atev] *anges "t & caprice prep>e = x1 ! good au?ors ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies w always s]ve z models4 ,,fri5d%ip ,fri5d%ip is ! m>riage ( ! s\l2 & ?is m>riage is subject to divorce4 ,x is a tacit contract betwe5 two s5sitive & virtu\s p]sons4 ,i say s5sitive1 because a monk1 a recluse c be n wick$ & live )\t kn[+ :at fri5d%ip is4 ,i say virtu\s1 because ! wick$ h only accomplices2 voluptu>ies h companions 9 debau*1 self-seek]s h p>tn]s1 politicians get p>tisans2 ! g5]ality ( idle m5 h atta*m5ts2 pr9ces h c\rti]s2 virtu\s m5 alone h fri5ds4 ,ce!gus 0 ! accomplice ( ,catil9a1 & ,maec5as ! c\rti] ( ,octavius2 b ,cic]o 0 ! fri5d ( ,atticus4 ,,god ,dur+ ! reign ( ,arcadius1 ,logomacos1 lectur] 9 !ology ( ,con/ant9ople1 w5t to ,scy?ia & halt$ at ! foot ( ! ,caucasus1 9 ! f]tile pla9s ( ,zephirim1 on ! fronti] ( ,col*is4 ,t good old man ,dond9dac 0 9 8 great l[] hall1 betwe5 8 %eepfold & 8 va/ b>n2 he 0 kneel+ ) 8 wife1 8 five sons & five daught]s1 8 k9dr$ & 8 s]vants1 & aft] a light meal !y 7 all s++ ,god's praises4 ,:at d y !re1 idolator8 said ,logomacos to him4 ,i am n an idolator1 answ]$ ,dond9dac4 ,y mu/ be an idolator1 said ,logomacos1 see+ t y are n ,greek4 ,tell me1 :at 0 t y 7 s++ 9 y\r b>b>\s ,scy?ian j>gon8 ,all tongues are equal 9 ! e>s ( ,god1 answ]$ ! ,scy?ian4 ,we 7 s++ ,8 praises4 ,t's v extraord9>y1 return$ ! !ologian4 ,a ,scy?ian family :o pray ,god )\t hav+ be5 taught by u6 ,he soon engag$ ,dond9dac ! ,scy?ian 9 conv]sation1 = he knew a little ,scy?ian1 & ! o!r a little ,greek4 ,! foll[+ conv]sation 0 f\nd 9 a manuscript pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,,logomacos3 ,let u see if y "k y\r cate*ism4 ,:y d y pray ,god8 ,,dond9dac3 ,because x is "r to wor%ip ! ,supreme ,be+ f :om we hold ev]y?+4 ,,logomacos3 ,n bad = a b>b>ian6 ,& :at d y ask ( ,him8 ,,dond9dac3 ,i ?ank ,him = ! b5efits ,i enjoy1 & ev5 = ! ills ) :i* ,he tries me2 b ,i take good c>e n to ask ,him = any?+2 ,he kn[s bett] ?an u :at we ne$1 & besides1 ,i am afraid to ask ,him = good wea!r :5 my neighb\r is ask+ = ra94 ,,logomacos3 ,ah6 ,i ?\ght he 0 go+ to say some?+ silly4 ,let u />t aga9 f>!r back4 ,b>b>ian1 :o has told y !re is a ,god8 ,,dond9dac3 ,! :ole ( nature4 ,,logomacos3 ,t does n suffice4 ,:at idea h y ( ,god8 ,,dond9dac3 ,! idea ( my creator1 ( my ma/]1 :o w rew>d me if ,i d good1 & :o w puni% me if ,i d ill4 ,,logomacos3 ,tra%1 nons5se all t6 ,let u come to ess5tials4 ,is ,god inf9ite secundum quid1 or 9 ess5ce8 ,,dond9dac3 ,i don't und]/& y4 ,,logomacos3 ,bruti% fool6 ,is ,god 9 "o place1 beyond all places1 or 9 all places8 ,,dond9dac3 ,i h no idea 444 j z y please4 ,,logomacos3 ,dolt6 ,is x possible = :at has be5 n to h be51 & c a /ick n h two ends8 ,does ,he see ! future z future or z pres5t8 h[ does ,he draw ! be+ out ( non-exi/5ce1 & h[ annihilate ! be+8 ,,dond9dac3 ,i h nev] exam9$ ^! ?+s4 ,,logomacos3 ,:at a blockhead6 ,come1 "o mu/ humble oneself1 see ?+s 9 proportion4 ,tell me1 my fri5d1 d y ?9k t matt] c be et]nal8 ,,dond9dac3 ,:at does x matt] to me :e!r x exi/s f all et]nity or n8 ,i d n exi/ f all et]nity4 ,god is always my ma/]2 ,he has giv5 me ! notion ( ju/ice1 ,i mu/ foll[ x2 ,i d n want to be a philosoph]1 ,i want to be a man4 ,,logomacos3 ,^! blockheads are tr\blesome4 ,let u g /ep by /ep4 ,:at is ,god8 ,,dond9dac3 ,my sov]eign1 my judge1 my fa!r4 ,,logomacos3 ,t's n :at ,i'm ask+ y4 ,:at is ,8 nature8 ,,dond9dac3 ,to be pot5t & good4 ,,logomacos3 ,b1 is ,he corporeal or spiritual8 ,,dond9dac3 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 ,,logomacos3 ,:at6 y don't "k :at a _s is8 ,,dond9dac3 ,n 9 ! lea/3 ( :at use w\ld x be to me8 %\ld ,i be m j8 %\ld ,i be a bett] husb&1 a bett] fa!r1 a bett] ma/]1 a bett] citiz58 ,,logomacos3 ,x is absolutely ess5tial y %\ld le>n :at a _s is4 ,x is1 x is1 x is 444 ,i w tell y ano!r "t4 ,,dond9dac3 ,i'm v mu* afraid t y may tell me less :at x is ?an :at x is n4 ,all[ me to put a "q to y 9 my turn4 ,i once saw "o ( y\r temples2 :y d y depict ,god ) a long be>d8 ,,logomacos3 ,t's a v difficult "q :i* ne$s prelim9>y in/ruction4 ,,dond9dac3 ,be=e receiv+ y\r in/ruction1 ,i mu/ tell y :at happ5$ to me "o day4 ,i _h j built a closet at ! end ( my g>d52 ,i he>d a mole argu+ ) a cock*af]4 ,t's a v f9e build+1 said ! mole4 ,x mu/ h be5 a v p[]ful mole :o did t piece ( "w4 ,y're jok+1 said ! cock*af]4 ,x 0 a cock*af] bubbl+ ov] ) g5ius :o is ! ar*itect ( ?is build+4 ,f t "t ,i resolv$ nev] to argue4 ,,helvetia ,happy ,helvetia6 to :at *>t] d y owe y\r lib]ty8 to y\r c\rage1 to y\r resolution1 to y\r m\nta9s4 ,b ,i am y\r emp]or4 ,b ,i d n want y any long]4 ,b y\r fa!rs 7 my fa!r's slaves4 ,x is = t v reason t _! *ildr5 d n wi% to s]ve y4 ,b ,i _h ! "r belong+ to my rank4 ,& we h ! "r ( nature4 ,:y is lib]ty s r>e8 ,because x is ! *iefe/ good4 ,,hi/ory ,,def9ition ,hi/ory is ! recital ( facts giv5 z true1 9 contradi/9ction to ! fable1 :i* is ! recital ( facts giv5 z false4 ,!re is ! hi/ory ( op9ions :i* is h>dly any?+ b a collection ( human errors4 ,! hi/ory ( ! arts c be ! mo/ useful ( all :5 x jo9s to ! k ( ! inv5tion & ! progress ( ! arts ! description ( _! me*anism4 ,natural hi/ory1 improp]ly call$ hi/ory1 is an ess5tial "p ( natural philosophy4 ,! hi/ory ( ev5ts has be5 divid$ into sacr$ hi/ory & pr(ane hi/ory2 sacr$ hi/ory is a s]ies ( div9e & miracul\s op]ations :]eby x pleas$ ,god once on a "t to lead ! ,jewi% nation1 & to-day to ex]cise our fai?4 ,,fir/ ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,hi/ory ,! fir/ f\ndations ( all hi/ory are ! recitals ( ! fa!rs to ! *ildr51 transmitt$ aft]w>d f "o g5]ation to ano!r2 at _! orig9 !y are at ! v mo/ probable1 :5 !y d n %ock common s5se1 & !y lose "o degree ( probability 9 ea* g5]ation4 ,) "t ! fable gr[s & ! tru? gr[s less2 f ?is x comes t all ! orig9s ( peoples are absurd4 ,?us ! ,egyptians _h be5 gov]n$ by ! gods = _m c5turies2 !n !y _h be5 gov]n$ by demi-gods2 f9ally !y _h _h k+s = elev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & =ty ye>s2 & 9 t space ( "t ! sun _h *ang$ f\r times f ea/ to we/4 ,! ,pho5icians ( ,alex&]'s "t claim$ to h be5 e/abli%$ 9 _! c\ntry = ?irty ?\s& ye>s2 & ^! ?irty ?\s& ye>s 7 fill$ ) z _m prodigies z ! ,egyptian *ronology4 ,i av[ t physically x is v possible t ,pho5icia has exi/$ n m]ely ?irty ?\s& ye>s1 b ?irty ?\s& milli>ds ( c5turies1 & t x exp]i5c$ l ! re/ ( ! _w ?irty million revolutions4 ,b we h no k ( x4 ,"o kn[s :at a ridicul\sly m>vell\s /ate ( affairs rul$ 9 ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,greeks4 ,! ,romans1 = all t !y 7 s]i\s1 did n any ! less envelop ! hi/ory ( _! e>ly c5turies 9 fables4 ,?is nation1 s rec5t comp>$ ) ! ,asiatic peoples1 0 five hundr$ ye>s )\t hi/orians4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ,romulus 0 ! son ( ,m>s1 t a %e-wolf 0 8 fo/] "m1 t he m>*$ ) a ?\s& m5 ( 8 village ( ,rome aga9/ tw5ty-five ?\s& combatants ( ! village ( ! ,sab9es3 t lat] he became a god2 t ,t>qu91 ! anci5t1 cut a /one ) a razor1 & t a ve/al drew a %ip to l& ) h] girdle1 etc4 ,! e>ly annals ( all our mod]n nations are no less fabul\s2 ! prodigi\s & improbable ?+s mu/ sometimes be report$1 b z pro(s ( human cr$ulity3 !y ent] ! hi/ory ( op9ions & fooli%nesses2 b ! field is too va/4 ,,( ,,records ,9 ord] to "k ) a little c]ta9ty some?+ ( anci5t hi/ory1 !re is only "o means1 x is to see if any inconte/able records rema94 ,we h only ?ree 9 writ+3 ! fir/ is ! collection ( a/ronomical obs]vations made = n9ete5 hundr$ consecutive ye>s at ,babylon1 s5t by ,alex&] to ,greece4 ,?is s]ies ( obs]vations1 :i* goes back to two ?\s& two hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ye>s be=e our era1 proves inv9cibly t ! ,babylonians exi/$ z a body ( p sev]al c5turies be=e2 = ! arts are only ! "w ( "t1 & m5's natural laz9ess leaves !m = "s ?\s&s ( ye>s )\t o!r k & )\t o!r tal5ts ?an ^? ( fe$+ !mselves1 ( def5d+ !mselves aga9/ ! injuries ( ! air1 & ( slaught]+ ea* o!r4 ,let u judge by ! ,g]mans & by ! ,engli% 9 ,cs>'s "t1 by ! ,t>t>s to-day1 by ! two-?irds ( ,africa1 & by all ! peoples we h f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 except+ 9 "s respects ! k+doms ( ,p]u & ( ,mexico1 & ! republic ( ,tlascala4 ,let u rememb] t 9 ! :ole ( ?is new _w nobody knew h[ to read or write4 ,! second record is ! c5tral eclipse ( ! sun1 calculat$ 9 ,*9a two ?\s& "o hundr$ & fifty-five ye>s be=e our era1 & recogniz$ true by our a/ronom]s4 ,( ! ,*9ese ! same ?+ mu/ be said z ( ! peoples ( ,babylon2 !y already compris$ a va/ civiliz$ empire )\t a d\bt4 ,b :at puts ! ,*9ese above all ! peoples ( ! e>? is t nei!r _! laws1 nor _! cu/oms1 nor ! language spok5 among !m by _! lett]$ m&>9s has *ang$ = ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,nev]!less1 ?is nation & ! nation ( ,india1 ! mo/ anci5t ( all ^? t exi/ to-day1 :i* possess ! va/e/ & ! mo/ beautiful c\ntry1 :i* inv5t$ almo/ all ! arts be=e we _h le>n$ any ( !m1 h always be5 omitt$ "r to our days 9 all s-call$ univ]sal hi/ories4 ,& :5 a ,spani>d & a ,fr5*man took a c5sus ( ! nations1 nei!r "o nor ! o!r fail$ to call 8 c\ntry ! fir/ mon>*y 9 ! _w1 & 8 k+ ! greate/ k+ 9 ! _w1 flatt]+ himself t 8 k+ w\ld give him a p5sion z soon z he _h read 8 book4 ,! ?ird record1 v inf]ior to ! two o!rs1 exi/s 9 ! ,arundel m>bles3 ! *ronicle ( ,a!ns is grav$ !re two hundr$ & sixty-?ree ye>s be=e our era2 b x goes back only to ,cecrops1 ?irte5 hundr$ & n9ete5 ye>s beyond ! "t :5 x 0 engrav$4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( antiquity ^? are ! sole inconte/able epo*s t we h4 ,let u give s]i\s att5tion to ^! m>bles br\ght back f ,greece by ,"l ,arundel4 ,_! *ronicle beg9s fifte5 hundr$ & eighty-two ye>s be=e our era4 ,t is to-day 7#agga7 an antiquity ( #c1cec ye>s1 & y d n see !re a s+le fact t\*+ on ! miracul\s1 on ! prodigi\s4 ,x is ! same ) ! ,olympiads2 x is n !re t "o %\ld say ,grcia m5dax1 ly+ ,greece4 ,! ,greeks knew v well h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 hi/ory & fable1 betwe5 real facts & ! tales ( ,h]odotus3 j z 9 _! s]i\s affairs _! orators borr[$ no?+ f ! spee*es ( ! sophi/s or f ! images ( ! poets4 ,! date ( ! tak+ ( ,troy is specifi$ 9 ^! m>bles2 b no m5tion is made ( ,apollo's arr[s1 or ( ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 or ( ! ridicul\s combats ( ! gods4 ,! date ( ! inv5tions ( ,triptolemy & ,c]es is f\nd !re2 b ,c]es is n call$ goddess4 ,m5tion is made ( a poem on ! abduction ( ,prosp]9e2 x is n said t %e is ! daught] ( ,jupit] & a goddess1 & t %e is wife ( ! god ( ! inf]nal regions4 ,h]cules is initiat$ into ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis2 b n a ^w on 8 twelve lab\rs1 nor on 8 passage into ,africa 9 8 cup1 nor on 8 div9ity1 nor on ! big fi% by :i* he 0 swall[$1 & :i* kept him 9 its belly ?ree days & ?ree nights1 accord+ to ,lycophron4 ,among u1 on ! contr>y1 a /&>d is br\ght f heav5 by an angel to ! monks ( ,sa9t-,d5is2 a pigeon br+s a bottle ( oil to a *ur* 9 ,rheims2 two armies ( snakes give !mselves ov] to a pit*$ battle 9 ,g]many2 an ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce is besieg$ & eat5 by rats2 &1 to cr[n ev]y?+1 great c>e has be5 tak5 to m>k ! ye> ( ^! adv5tures4 ,all hi/ory is rec5t4 ,x is n a/oni%+ t we h no anci5t pr(ane hi/ory beyond ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,! revolutions ( ?is globe1 ! long & univ]sal ignorance ( t art :i* transmits facts by writ+ are ! cause ( x4 ,?is art 0 common only among a v small numb] ( civiliz$ nations2 & 0 9 v few h&s ev54 ,no?+ r>] among ! ,fr5* & ! ,g]mans ?an to "k h[ to write2 up to ! f\rte5? c5tury ( our era ne>ly all de$s 7 only atte/$ by witnesses4 ,x 01 9 ,france1 only "u ,*>les ,,vii41 9 #aded1 t "o />t$ to draft 9 writ+ "s ( ! cu/oms ( ,france4 ,! art ( writ+ 0 /ill r>] among ! ,spani%1 & f t x results t _! hi/ory is s dry & s unc]ta91 up to ! "t ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,"o sees by t to :at ext5t ! v small numb] ( m5 :o knew h[ to write c\ld deceive1 & h[ easy x 0 to make u believe ! mo/ enorm\s absurdities4 ,!re are nations :i* h subjugat$ a "p ( ! _w )\t hav+ ! usage ( *>act]s4 ,we "k t ,g5gis-khan conqu]$ a "p ( ,asia at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b x is n ?r\gh ei!r him or ! ,t>t>s t we "k x4 ,_! hi/ory1 writt5 by ! ,*9ese & translat$ by ,fa!r ,gaubil1 /ates t ^! ,t>t>s _h n at t "t ! art ( writ+4 ,?is art _c h be5 less unkn[n to ! ,scy?ian ,oguskan1 nam$ ,madies by ! ,p]sians & ! ,greeks1 :o conqu]$ a "p ( ,europe & ,asia s long be=e ! reign ( ,cyrus4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t at t "t ( a hundr$ nations !re 7 h>dly two or ?ree :o us$ *>act]s4 ,x is possible t 9 an anci5t _w de/roy$1 m5 knew writ+ & ! o!r arts2 b 9 ours !y are all v rec5t4 ,!re rema9 records ( ano!r k9d1 :i* s]ve to e/abli% m]ely ! remote antiquity ( c]ta9 peoples1 & :i* prec$e all ! kn[n epo*s1 & all ! books2 ^! are ! prodigies ( ar*itecture1 l ! pyramids & ! palaces ( ,egypt1 :i* h resi/$ "t4 ,h]odotus1 :o liv$ two ?\s& two hundr$ ye>s ago1 & :o _h se5 !m1 0 n able to le>n f ! ,egyptian prie/s at :at "t !y _h be5 erect$4 ,x is difficult to give to ! mo/ anci5t ( ! pyramids less ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s ( antiquity2 b "o mu/ consid] t ^! ef=ts ( ! o/5tation ( ! k+s c\ld only h be5 comm5c$ long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! t[ns4 ,b to build t[ns 9 a l& inundat$ e ye>1 let u always rem>k t x 0 fir/ necess>y to raise ! l& ( ! t[ns on piles 9 ?is l& ( mud1 & to r5d] !m inaccessible to ! flood2 x 0 ess5tial1 be=e tak+ ?is necess>y c\rse1 & be=e be+ 9 a /ate to attempt ^! great works1 = ! p to h practis$ retreat+ dur+ ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1 amid ! rocks :i* =m two *a9s "r & left ( ?is riv]4 ,x 0 necess>y = ^! mu/]$ peoples to h ! in/rum5ts = till+1 ^? ( ar*itecture1 a k ( survey+1 ) laws & a police4 ,all ?is necess>ily requires a prodigi\s space ( "t4 ,we see by ! long details :i* face e day ! mo/ necess>y & ! smalle/ ( our und]tak+s1 h[ difficult x is to d great ?+s1 & x ne$s n only indefatigable /ubbornness1 b sev]al g5]ations animat$ ) ?is /ubbornness4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r x be ,m5es1 ,?aut or ,*eops1 or ,rameses :o erect$ "o or two ( ^! prodigi\s masses1 we %all n be ! m in/ruct$ ( ! hi/ory ( anci5t ,egypt3 ! language ( ?is p is lo/4 ,we !re=e "k no?+ b t be=e ! mo/ anci5t hi/orians !re 0 matt] = mak+ an anci5t hi/ory4 ,,ignorance ,i am ignorant ( h[ ,i 0 =m$1 & ( h[ ,i 0 born4 ,= a qu>t] ( my life ,i 0 absolutely ignorant ( ! reasons = all t ,i saw1 he>d & felt1 & ,i 0 no?+ b a p>rot at :om o!r p>rots *att]$4 ,:5 ,i look$ r\nd me & )9 me1 ,i conceiv$ t some?+ exi/s = all et]nity2 s9ce !re are be+s :o exi/ to-day1 ,i conclud$ t !re is a be+ :o is necess>y & necess>ily et]nal4 ,?us1 ! fir/ /ep ,i took to em]ge f my ignorance cross$ ! b\nd>ies ( all ! c5turies4 ,b :5 ,i tri$ to walk 9 ?is inf9ite qu>ry op5 be=e me1 ,i c\ld nei!r f9d a s+le pa?1 nor disc]n pla9ly a s+le object2 & f ! leap ,i made to contemplate et]nity1 ,i fell back aga9 into ! abyss ( my ignorance4 ,i saw :at 0 call$ matt]1 f ! /> ,sirius & ! />s ( ! ,milky ,way1 z di/ant f ,sirius z ,sirius is f u1 "r to ! la/ atom t c be p]ceiv$ ) ! microscope1 & ,i am ignorant z to :at matt] is4 ,! light :i* let me see all ^! be+s is unkn[n to me2 ,i c1 ) ! help ( a prism1 dissect ?is light1 & divide x into sev5 p5cils ( rays2 b ,i _c divide ^! p5cils2 ,i am ignorant ( :at !y are compos$4 ,light is ( ! nature ( matt]1 s9ce x has movem5t & makes an impression on objects2 b x does n t5d t[>d a c5tre l all bodies3 on ! contr>y1 x escapes inv9cibly f ! c5tre1 :]eas all matt] be>s t[>ds its c5tre4 ,light seems p5etrable1 & matt] is imp5etrable4 ,is ?is light matt]8 is x n matt]8 ) :at innum]able prop]ties c x be end[$8 ,i am ignorant !re(4 ,is ?is sub/ance :i* is s brilliant1 s swift & s unkn[n1 are ^! o!r sub/ances :i* roll 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 et]nal z !y seem inf9ite8 ,i h no idea4 ,has a necess>y be+1 ( sov]eign intellig5ce1 creat$ !m out ( no?+1 or has he arrang$ !m8 did he produce ?is ord] 9 ,"t or be=e ,"t8 ,:at ev5 is ?is ,"t ( :i* ,i speak8 ,i _c def9e x4 ,o ,god6 ,tea* me1 = ,i am enlight5$ nei!r by o!r m5's d>kness nor by my own4 ,:at is s5sation8 ,h[ h ,i receiv$ x8 :at connection is !re betwe5 ! air :i* /rikes my e> & ! s5sation ( s\nd8 betwe5 ?is body & ! s5sation ( col\r8 ,i am pr(\ndly ignorant !re(1 & ,i %all always be ignorant !re(4 ,:at is ?\ght8 :]e does x dwell8 h[ is x =m$8 :o gives me ?\ght dur+ my sleep8 is x by virtue ( my w t ,i ?9k8 ,b always dur+ my sleep1 & (t5 :ile ,i am awake1 ,i h ideas 9 spite ( myself4 ,^! ideas1 long =gott51 long relegat$ to ! back %op ( my bra91 issue f x )\t my int]f]+1 & pres5t !mselves to my memory1 :i* makes va9 ef=ts to recall !m4 ,ext]nal objects h n ! p[] to =m ideas 9 me1 = "o does n give oneself :at "o has n2 ,i am too s5sible t x is n ,i :o give !m to me1 = !y are born )\t my ord]s4 ,:o produces !m 9 me8 :5ce d !y come8 :i!r d !y g8 ,fugitive phantoms1 :at invisible h& produces y & causes y to disappe>8 ,:y1 alone ( all animals1 has man ! mania = dom9at+ 8 fell[-m58 ,:y & h[ has x be5 possible t ( a hundr$ ?\s& million m5 m ?an n9ety-n9e h be5 immolat$ to ?is mania8 ,h[ is reason s preci\s a gift t we w\ld n lose x = any?+ 9 ! _w8 & h[ has ?is reason s]v$ only to make u ! mo/ unhappy ( all be+s8 ,:5ce comes x t lov+ tru? passionately1 we are always betray$ to ! mo/ gross impo/ures8 ,:y is life /ill lov$ by ?is cr[d ( ,indians deceiv$ & enslav$ by ! bonzes1 cru%$ by a ,t>t>'s desc5dants1 ov]burd5$ ) "w1 groan+ 9 want1 assail$ by disease1 expos$ to e sc\rge8 ,:5ce comes evil1 & :y does evil exi/8 ,o atoms ( a day6 ,o my companions 9 inf9ite littl5ess1 born l me to suff] ev]y?+ & to be ignorant ( ev]y?+1 are !re en\gh madm5 among y to believe t !y "k all ^! ?+s8 ,no1 !re are n2 no1 at ! bottom ( y\r he>ts y feel y\r non5tity z ,i r5d] ju/ice to m9e4 ,b y are arrogant en\gh to want p to embrace y\r va9 sy/ems2 unable to be tyrants ov] our bodies1 y claim to be tyrants ov] our s\ls4 ,,! ,,impi\s ,:o are ! impi\s8 ^? :o give a :ite be>d1 feet & h&s to ! ,be+ ( be+s1 to ! great ,demi\rgos1 to ! et]nal intellig5ce by :i* nature is gov]n$4 ,b !y are only excusably impi\s1 poor impi\s p aga9/ :om "o mu/ n gr[ wro?4 ,if ev5 !y pa9t ! great incompreh5sible ,be+ born on a cl\d :i* c be> no?+2 if !y are fooli% en\gh to put ,god 9 a mi/1 9 ! ra91 or on a m\nta91 & to surr\nd him ) little *ubby1 flu%$ faces accompani$ by two w+s2 ,i laugh & ,i p>don !m ) all my he>t4 ,! impi\s p]sons :o attribute to ! ,be+ ( be+s prepo/]\s pr$ictions & inju/ices w\ld ang] me if ?is great ,be+ _h n giv5 me a reason :i* quells my wra?4 ,! silly fanatic repeats to me1 aft] o!rs1 t x is n = u to judge :at is reasonable & j 9 ! great ,be+1 t ,8 reason is n l our reason1 t ,8 ju/ice is n l our ju/ice4 ,eh6 h[1 y mad demoniac1 d y want me to judge ju/ice & reason o!rwise ?an by ! notions ,i h ( !m8 d y want me to walk o!rwise ?an ) my feet1 & to speak o!rwise ?an ) my m\?8 ,! impi\s man :o supposes ! great ,be+ jeal\s1 arrogant1 malignant1 v9dictive1 is m dang]\s4 ,i w\ld n want to sleep "u ! same ro( z ?is man4 ,b h[ w\ld y treat ! impi\s man :o says to y3 ,see only ?r\gh my eyes1 d n ?9k2 ,i ann\nce to y a tyrannical ,god :o has made me to be y\r tyrant2 ,i am 8 well-belov$3 dur+ all et]nity he w torture millions ( 8 creatures :om he dete/s 9 ord] to gladd5 me2 ,i %all be y\r ma/] 9 ?is _w1 & ,i %all laugh at y\r torm5ts 9 ! o!r4 ,d y n feel an it*+ to ?ra% ?is cruel1 impi\s fell[8 ,if y are born g5tle1 w y n run ) all y\r might to ! we/ :5 ?is b>b>ian utt]s 8 atroci\s rev]ies 9 ! ea/8 ,,joan ,,( ,,arc ,x is meet t ! read] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! true hi/ory ( ,joan ( ,arc surnam$ ! ,maid4 ,! details ( h] adv5ture are v little kn[n & may give read]s pleasure2 "h !y are4 ,paul ,jove says t ! c\rage ( ! ,fr5* 0 /imulat$ by ?is girl1 & takes good c>e n to believe h] inspir$4 ,nei!r ,rob]t1 ,gagu91 ,paul ,emile1 ,polydore ,v]gile1 ,g5ebr>d1 ,philip ( ,b]gamo1 ,papyre ,masson1 nor ev5 ,m>iana1 say t %e 0 s5t by ,god2 & ev5 ?\gh ,m>iana ! ,jesuit _h said x1 t w\ld n deceive me4 ,mz]ai relates t ! pr9ce ( ! cele/ial militia appe>$ to h]4 ,i am sorry = ,mz]ai1 & ,i ask p>don ( ! pr9ce ( ! cele/ial militia4 ,mo/ ( our hi/orians1 :o copy ea* o!r1 suppose t ! ,maid utt]$ prophecies1 & t h] prophecies 7 accompli%$4 ,%e is made to say t %e w drive ! ,engli% out ( ! k+dom1 & !y 7 /ill !re five ye>s aft] h] dea?4 ,%e is said to h writt5 a long lett] to ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 & assur$ly %e c\ld nei!r read nor write2 su* an education 0 n giv5 to an inn s]vant 9 ! ,b>ois2 & ! in=mation laid aga9/ h] /ates t %e c\ld n sign h] "n4 ,b1 x is said1 %e f\nd a ru/$ sword1 ! blade ( :i* 0 engrav$ ) five gold5 fleurs-de-lis2 & ?is sword 0 hidd5 9 ! *ur* ( ,sa9te ,ca!r9e de ,fi]bois at ,t\rs4 ,!re1 c]ta9ly is a great miracle6 ,poor ,joan ( ,arc hav+ be5 captur$ by ! ,engli%1 despite h] prophecies & h] miracles1 ma9ta9$ fir/ ( all 9 h] cross-exam9ation t ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,m>gu]ite _h hon\r$ h] ) _m revelations4 ,i am a/oni%$ t %e nev] said any?+ ( h] talks ) ! pr9ce ( ! cele/ial militia4 ,^! two sa9ts app>5tly lik$ talk+ bett] ?an ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,h] judges ?\ght h] a sorc]ess1 %e ?\ght h]self inspir$4 ,"o great pro( t ,*>les ,,vii4's capta9s made use ( ! m>vell\s 9 ord] to enc\rage ! soldi]s1 9 ! deplorable /ate to :i* ,france 0 r$uc$1 is t ,sa9trailles _h 8 %eph]d1 z ! ,comte de ,dunois _h 8 %eph]dess4 ,! %eph]d made prophecies on "o side1 :ile ! %eph]dess made !m on ! o!r4 ,b un=tunately ! ,comte de ,dunois' prophetess 0 captur$ at ! siege ( ,compigne by a ba/>d ( ,v5dme1 & ,sa9trailles' prophet 0 captur$ by ,talbot4 ,! gallant ,talbot 0 f> f hav+ ! %eph]d burn$4 ,?is ,talbot 0 "o ( ^? true ,engli%m5 :o scorn sup]/ition1 & :o h n ! fanaticism = puni%+ fanatics4 ,?is1 x seems to me1 is :at ! hi/orians %\ld h obs]v$1 & :at !y h neglect$4 ,! ,maid 0 tak5 to ,jean de ,luxemb\rg1 ,comte de ,ligny4 ,%e 0 %ut up 9 ! =tress ( ,beaulieu1 !n 9 t ( ,beaurevoir1 & f !re 9 t ( ,crotoy 9 ,pic>dy4 ,fir/ ( all ,pi]re ,cau*on1 ,bi%op ( ,beauvais1 :o 0 ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl&'s p>ty aga9/ 8 own legitimate k+1 claims ! ,maid z a sorc]ess arre/$ on ! limits ( 8 diocese4 ,he wi%es to judge h] z a sorc]ess4 ,he support$ ! "r he claim$ by a d[nright lie4 ,joan _h be5 captur$ on ! t]ritory ( ! bi%opric ( ,noyon3 & nei!r ! ,bi%op ( ,beauvais1 nor ! ,bi%op ( ,noyon assur$ly _h ! "r ( condemn+ anybody1 & /ill less ( committ+ to dea? a subject ( ! ,duke ( ,lorra9e1 & a w>rior 9 ! pay ( ! ,k+ ( ,france4 ,!re 0 at t "t 7:o w\ld believe x87 a vic>-g5]al ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,france1 by "n ,bro!r ,m>t94#h ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ horrible effects ( ! total subv]sion ( t un=tunate c\ntry4 ,bro!r ,m>t9 claim$ ! prison] z smell+ ( h]esy 7odorantem hresim74 ,he call$ ^u ! ,duke ( ,burgundy & ! ,comte de ,ligny1 by ! "r ( 8 (fice1 & ( ! au?ority giv5 to him by ! ,holy ,see1 to deliv] ,joan to ! ,holy ,inquisition4 ,! ,sorbonne ha/5$ to support ,bro!r ,m>t91 & wrote to ! ,duke ( ,burgundy & to ,jean de ,luxemb\rg--,y h us$ y\r noble p[] to appreh5d ?is woman :o calls h]self ! ,maid1 by means ( :om ! hon\r ( ,god has be5 immeasurably (f5d$1 ! fai? exce$+ly hurt1 & ! ,*ur* too greatly di%on\r$2 = by reason ( h]1 idolatry1 errors1 bad doctr9e1 & o!r ine/imable evils h ensu$ 9 ?is k+dom 444 b :at ?is woman has done w\ld be ( small acc\nt1 if did n ensue :at is meet = satisfy+ ! (f5ce p]petrat$ by h] aga9/ our g5tle ,creator & ,8 fai?1 & ! ,holy ,*ur* ) h] o!r innum]able misde$s 444 & x w\ld be intol]able (f5ce aga9/ ! div9e maje/y if x happ5$ t ?is woman 7 fre$4#i ,f9ally1 ! ,maid 0 aw>d$ to ,jean ,cau*on :om p call$ ! unwor?y bi%op1 ! unwor?y ,fr5*man1 & ! unwor?y man4 ,jean de ,luxemb\rg sold ! ,maid to ,cau*on & ! ,engli% = t5 ?\s& livres1 & ! ,duke ( ,b$=d paid !m4 ,! ,sorbonne1 ! bi%op & ,bro!r ,m>t91 !n pres5t$ a new petition to ?is ,duke ( ,b$=d1 reg5t ( ,france1 9 hon\r ( our ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 = t ! said ,joan may be briefly put into ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,joan 0 l$ to ,r\54 ,! ar*bi%opric 0 vacant at t "t1 & ! *apt] p]mitt$ ! ,bi%op ( ,beauvais to "w 9 ! t[n4 7,besogn] is ! t]m :i* 0 us$47 ,he *ose z assessors n9e doctors ( ! ,sorbonne ) ?irty-five o!r assi/ants1 abbots or monks4 ,! vic> ( ! ,inquisition1 ,m>t91 presid$ ) ,cau*on2 & z he 0 only a vic>1 he _h b second place4 ,joan und]w5t f\rte5 exam9ations2 !y are s+ul>4 ,%e said t %e saw ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,m>gu]ite at ,poiti]s4 ,doctor ,beaupre asks h] h[ %e recogniz$ ! sa9ts4 ,%e answ]s t x 0 by _! way ( b[+4 ,beaupre asks h] if !y are great *att]boxes4 ,g look on ! regi/]1 %e says4 ,beaupre asks h] if1 :5 %e saw ,/4 ,mi*ael1 he 0 nak$4 ,%e answ]s3 ,d y ?9k our ,"l _h no?+ to clo! him )8 ,! curi\s w c>efully obs]ve "h t ,joan _h long be5 direct$ ) o!r religi\s wom5 ( ! populace by a rogue nam$ ,ri*>d1#aj :o p]=m$ miracles1 & :o taught ^! girls to p]=m !m4 ,"o day he gave communion ?ree times 9 succession to ,joan1 9 hon\r ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,x 0 !n ! cu/om 9 matt]s ( importance & 9 times ( great p]il4 ,! knights _h ?ree masses said1 & communicat$ ?ree times :5 !y w5t to seek =tune or to fight 9 a duel4 ,x is :at has be5 obs]v$ on ! "p ( ! ,*evali] ,bay>d4 ,! work]s ( miracles1 ,joan's companions1 :o 7 submissive to ,ri*>d1 7 nam$ ,pi]rone & ,ca!r9e4 ,pi]rone affirm$ t %e _h se5 t ,god appe>$ to h] 9 human =m z a fri5d to a fri5d4 ,god 0 clad 9 a long :ite robe1 etc4 ,up to ! pres5t ! ridicul\s2 "h n[ is ! horrible4 ,"o ( ,joan's judges1 doctor ( !ology & prie/1 by "n ,ni*olas ! ,bird-,cat*]1 comes to confess h] 9 prison4 ,he abuses ! sacram5t to ! po9t ( hid+ beh9d a piece ( s]ge two prie/s :o transcrib$ ,joan ( ,arc's confession4 ,?us did ! judges use sacrilege 9 ord] to be murd]]s4 ,& an un=tunate idiot1 :o _h _h en\gh c\rage to r5d] v great s]vices to ! k+ & ! c\ntry1 0 condemn$ to be burn$ by =ty-f\r ,fr5* prie/s :o immolat$ h] = ! ,engli% faction4 ,x is suffici5tly well-kn[n h[ someone _h ! cunn+ & meanness to put a man's suit beside h] to tempt h] to we> ?is suit aga91 & ) :at absurd b>b>ism ?is transgression 0 claim$ z a pretext = condemn+ h] to ! flames1 z if 9 a w>rior girl x 0 a crime wor?y ( ! fire1 to put on bree*es in/ead ( a skirt4 ,all ?is wr+s ! he>t1 & makes common s5se %udd]4 ,"o _c conceive h[ we d>e1 aft] ! c\ntless horrors ( :i* we h be5 guilty1 call any nation by ! "n ( b>b>ian4 ,mo/ ( our hi/orians1 lov]s ( ! s-call$ embelli%m5ts ( hi/ory r ?an ( tru?1 say t ,joan w5t fe>lessly to ! torture2 b z ! *ronicles ( ! times be> witness1 & z ! hi/orian ,vill>et admits1 %e receiv$ h] s5t5ce ) cries & te>s2 a weakness p>donable 9 h] sex1 & p]haps 9 ours1 & v compatible ) ! c\rage :i* ?is girl _h display$ amid ! dang]s ( w>2 = "o c be fe>less 9 battle1 & s5sitive on ! scaffold4 ,i mu/ add t _m p]sons h believ$ )\t any exam9ation t ! ,maid ( ,orleans 0 n burn$ at ,r\5 at all1 al?\gh we h ! (ficial report ( h] execution4 ,!y h be5 deceiv$ by ! acc\nt we /ill h ( an adv5turess :o took ! "n ( ! ,maid1 deceiv$ ,joan ( ,arc's bro!rs1 & "u cov] ( ?is impo/ure1 m>ri$ 9 ,lorra9e a nobleman ( ! h\se ( ,armoise4 ,!re 7 two o!r rogues :o also pass$ !mselves (f z ! ,maid ( ,orleans4 ,all ?ree claim$ t ,joan 0 n burn$ at all1 & t ano!r woman _h be5 sub/itut$ = h]4 ,su* /ories c be admitt$ only by ^? :o want to be deceiv$4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,beu*ot says3 ,!re 0 at t "t 9 ,france an ,inquisitor-,g5]al1 nam$ ,bro!r ,jean or ,jacques le ,grav]5d4 ,8 vice-inquisitor or vic>1 :o took "p 9 ,joan's trial1 0 n call$ ,bro!r ,m>t91 b ,bro!r ,jean ,magi/ri or ! ,ma/]4 #i ,?is is a translation ( ! ,lat9 ( ! ,sorbonne1 made long aft]4 #aj ,beu*ot says t ,b]riat ,sa9t-,prix1 9 8 ,jeanne d',arc1 proves1 page #cda et seq41 t ! imputations aga9/ ,bro!r ,ri*>d are gr\ndless1 & t he c\ld ex]cise no influ5ce at ! trial4 ,,kiss+ ,i ask p>don ( ! boys & ! girls2 b maybe !y w n f9d "h :at !y w seek4 ,?is article is only = s*ol>s & s]i\s p]sons = :om x is b>ely suitable4 ,!re is b too mu* "q ( kiss+ 9 ! com$ies ( ,molire's "t4 ,*ampagne1 9 ! com$y ( ,la ,mre ,coquette by ,qu9ault1 asks kisses ( ,laurette2 %e says to him--,y are n cont5t1 !n2 really x is %ameful2 ,i h kiss$ y twice4 ,*ampagne answ]s h]--,:at6 y keep acc\nt ( y\r kisses8 7,act ,i4 ,sc4 #a474 ,! valets always us$ to ask kisses ( ! s\brettes2 p kiss$ ea* o!r on ! /age4 ,usually x 0 v dull & v intol]able1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ugly actors1 :o 7 nauseat+4 ,if ! read] wants kisses1 let him look = !m 9 ! ,pa/or ,fido2 !re is "o entire *orus :]e no?+ b kisses is m5tion$2 & ! piece is f\nd$ solely on a kiss t ,mirtillo gave "o day to ,am>illi1 9 a game ( bl9d man's buff1 un bacio molto saporito4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! *apt] on kisses1 9 :i* ,jean de la ,casa1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,b5ev5to1 says t p c kiss ea* o!r f head to foot4 ,he pities ! p ) big noses :o c only approa* ea* o!r ) difficulty2 & he c\nsels ladies ) long noses to h flat-nos$ lov]s4 ,! kiss 0 a v ord9>y =m ( salutation ?r\gh\t anci5t times4 ,plut>* recalls t ! conspirators1 be=e kill+ ,cs>1 kiss$ 8 face1 h& & brea/4 ,tacitus says t :5 ,agricola1 8 fa!r-9-law1 return$ f ,rome1 ,domitian receiv$ him ) a cold kiss1 said no?+ to him1 & left him conf\nd$ 9 ! cr[d4 ,! inf]ior :o c\ld n succe$ 9 greet+ 8 sup]ior by kiss+ him1 put 8 m\? to 8 own h&1 & s5t him a kiss t ! o!r return$ 9 ! same way if he s wi%$4 ,?is sign 0 us$ ev5 = wor%ipp+ ! gods4 ,job1 9 8 p>able 7,*ap4 xxxi471 :i* is p]haps ! olde/ ( kn[n books1 says t he has n wor%ipp$ ! sun & ! moon l ! o!r ,arabs1 t he has n c>ri$ 8 h& to 8 m\? z he look$ at ! />s4 ,9 our ,occid5t no?+ rema9s ( ?is anci5t cu/om b ! pu]ile & g5teel civility t is /ill taught to *ildr5 9 "s small t[ns1 ( kiss+ _! "r h&s :5 someone has giv5 !m "s sweets4 ,x 0 a horrible ?+ to betray ) a kiss2 x 0 t t made ,cs>'s assass9ation /ill m hateful4 ,we "k all ab\t ,judas' kisses2 !y h become prov]bial4 ,joab1 "o ( ,david's capta9s1 be+ v jeal\s ( ,amasa1 ano!r capta91 says to him 7#b ,sam4 xx4 #i73 ,art ?\ 9 heal?1 my bro!r8 ,& he took ,amasa by ! be>d ) ! "r h& to kiss him1 & ) 8 o!r h& drew 8 sword & smote him !re) 9 ! fif? rib1 & %$ out 8 b[els on ! gr\nd4 ,no o!r kiss is to be f\nd 9 ! o!r fairly frequ5t assass9ations :i* 7 committ$ among ! ,jews1 unless x be p]haps ! kisses :i* ,judi? gave to ! capta9 ,holoph]nes1 be=e cutt+ (f 8 head :ile he 0 9 b$ asleep2 b no m5tion is made ( !m1 & ! ?+ is m]ely probable4 ,9 "o ( ,%akespe>e's trag$ies call$ ,o!llo1 ?is ,o!llo1 :o is a black1 gives two kisses to 8 wife be=e /rangl+ h]4 ,t seems abom9able to hon\rable p2 b ,%akespe>e's p>tisans say x is beautifully natural1 p>ticul>ly 9 a black4 ,:5 ,giovanni ,galeas ,s=za 0 assass9at$ 9 ,milan ,ca!dral1 on ,/4 ,/eph5's day1 ! two ,m$ici 9 ! ,rep>ata *ur*2 ,admiral ,coligny1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 ! ,m>*al d',ancre1 ! bro!rs ,witt1 & s _m o!rs2 at lea/ !y 7 n kiss$4 ,!re 0 among ! anci5ts ,i "k n :at ( symbolic & sacr$ atta*$ to ! kiss1 s9ce "o kiss$ ! /atues ( ! gods & _! be>ds1 :5 ! sculptors _h %[n !m ) a be>d4 ,initiates kiss$ ea* o!r at ! my/]ies ( ,c]es1 z a sign ( concord4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 m5 & wom51 kiss$ ea* o!r on ! m\? at _! agap4 ,?is ^w signifi$ love-fea/4 ,!y gave ea* o!r ! holy kiss1 ! kiss ( peace1 ! kiss ( bro!r & si/]1 agion philma4 ,?is cu/om la/$ = m ?an f\r c5turies1 & 0 aboli%$ at la/ on acc\nt ( its consequ5ces4 ,x 0 ^! kisses ( peace1 ^! agap ( love1 ^! names ( bro!r & si/]1 t long drew to ! little-kn[n ,*ri/ians1 ^? imputations ( debau*]y ) :i* ! prie/s ( ,jupit] & ! prie/esses ( ,ve/a *>g$ !m4 ,y see 9 ,petronius1 & 9 o!r pr(ane au?ors1 t ! lib]t9es call$ !mselves bro!r & si/]4 ,x 0 ?\ght t among ! ,*ri/ians ! same names signifi$ ! same infamies4 ,!y 7 innoc5t accomplices 9 spread+ ^! accusations ov] ! ,roman empire4 ,!re 7 9 ! beg9n+ sev5te5 diff]5t ,*ri/ian societies1 j z !re 7 n9e among ! ,jews1 includ+ ! two k9ds ( ,sam>itans4 ,! societies :i* flatt]$ !mselves at be+ ! mo/ or?odox accus$ ! o!rs ( ! mo/ inconceivable obsc5ities4 ,! t]m ( gno/ic1 :i* 0 at fir/ s hon\rable1 signify+ le>n$1 enlight5$1 pure1 became a t]m ( horror & scorn1 a reproa* ( h]esy4 ,sa9t ,epiphanius1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 claim$ t !y us$ fir/ to tickle ea* o!r1 ! m5 & ! wom52 t !n !y gave ea* o!r v immode/ kisses1 & t !y judg$ ! degree ( _! fai? by ! voluptu\sness ( ^! kisses2 t ! husb& said to 8 wife1 9 pres5t+ a "y initiate to h]3 ,h an agape ) my bro!r1 & t !y _h an agape4 ,we d n d>e repeat "h1 9 ! *a/e ,fr5* tongue1#aa :at ,sa9t ,epiphanius adds 9 ,greek 7,epiphanius1 contra hres1 lib4 ,i41 vol4 ii74 ,we w say m]ely t p]haps ?is sa9t 0 some:at impos$ ^u2 t he all[$ himself to be too c>ri$ away by zeal1 & t all h]etics are n hide\s debau*ees4 ,! sect ( ,pieti/s1 wi%+ to imitate ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 to-day give ea* o!r kisses ( peace on leav+ ! assembly1 call+ ea* o!r my bro!r1 my si/]2 x is :at1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 a v pretty & v human ,pieti/ lady av[$ to me4 ,! anci5t cu/om 0 to kiss on ! m\?2 ! ,pieti/s h c>efully pres]v$ x4 ,!re 0 no o!r mann] ( greet+ dames 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,engl&2 x 0 ! "r ( c>d9als to kiss que5s on ! m\?1 & 9 ,spa9 ev54 ,:at is s+ul> is t !y _h n ! same pr]ogative 9 ,france1 :]e ladies always _h m lib]ty ?an any:]e else1 b e c\ntry has its c]emonies1 & !re is no usage s g5]al t *ance & cu/om h n provid$ exceptions4 ,x w\ld h be5 an incivility1 an affront1 = an hon\rable woman1 :5 %e receiv$ a "l's fir/ visit1 n to h kiss$ him1 despite 8 m\/a*es4 ,x is a displeas+ cu/om1 says ,montaigne 7,book ,,iii41 *ap4 v471 & (f5sive to ladies1 to h to l5d _! lips to :oev] has ?ree s]v+-m5 9 8 suite1 disagreeable ?\gh he be4 ,?is cu/om 01 nev]!less1 ! olde/ 9 ! _w4 ,if x is disagreeable = a "y & pretty m\? to /ick itself out ( c\rtesy to an old & ugly m\?1 !re 0 a great dang] betwe5 fre%1 r$ m\?s ( tw5ty to tw5ty-five ye>s old2 & t is :at f9ally br\ght ab\t ! abolition ( ! c]emony ( kiss+ 9 ! my/]ies & ! agap4 ,x is :at caus$ wom5 to be conf9$ among ! ,ori5tals1 s t !y might kiss only _! fa!rs & _! bro!rs2 cu/om long s9ce introduc$ into ,spa9 by ! ,arabs4 ,behold ! dang]3 !re is "o n]ve ( ! fif? pair :i* goes f ! m\? to ! he>t1 & !nce l[] d[n1 ) su* delicate indu/ry has nature prep>$ ev]y?+6 ,! little gl&s ( ! lips1 _! spongy tissue1 _! velvety paps1 ! f9e sk91 tickli%1 gives !m an exquisite & voluptu\s s5sation1 :i* is n )\t analogy ) a /ill m hidd5 & /ill m s5sitive "p4 ,mode/y may suff] f a l5g?ily sav\r$ kiss betwe5 two ,pieti/s ( eighte54 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! human species1 ! turtl$oves & ! pigeons alone are acqua9t$ ) kisses2 !nce came among ! ,lat9s ! ^w columbatm1 :i* our language has n be5 able to r5d]4 ,!re is no?+ ( :i* abuse has n be5 made4 ,! kiss1 design$ by nature = ! m\?1 has (t5 be5 pro/itut$ to membranes :i* d n seem made = ?is usage4 ,"o kn[s ( :at ! templ>s 7 accus$4 ,we _c hone/ly treat ?is int]e/+ subject at great] l5g?1 al?\gh ,montaigne says3 ,"o %\ld speak !re( %amelessly3 braz5ly d we utt] 'kill+1' 'w\nd+1' 'betray+1' b ( t we d>e n speak b ) bat$ brea?4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,or ! ,engli%--,translator4 ,,languages ,!re is no complete language1 no language :i* c express all our ideas & all our s5sations2 _! %ades are too num]\s1 too imp]ceptible4 ,nobody c make kn[n ! precise degree ( s5sation he exp]i5ces4 ,"o is oblig$1 = example1 to designate by ! g5]al names ( love & hate a ?\s& loves & a ?\s& hates all diff]5t f ea* o!r2 x is ! same ) our pleasures & our pa9s4 ,?us all languages are1 l u1 imp]fect4 ,!y h all be5 made successively & by degrees accord+ to our ne$s4 ,x is ! in/9ct common to all m5 :i* made ! fir/ gramm>s )\t p]ceiv+ x4 ,! ,lapps1 ! ,negroes1 z well z ! ,greeks1 ne$$ to express ! pa/1 ! pres5t & ! future2 & !y did x3 b z !re has nev] be5 an assembly ( logicians :o =m$ a language1 no language has be5 able to atta9 a p]fectly regul> plan4 ,all words1 9 all possible languages1 are necess>ily ! images ( s5sations4 ,m5 h nev] be5 able to express any?+ b :at !y felt4 ,?us ev]y?+ has become metaphor2 ev]y:]e ! s\l is enlight5$1 ! he>t burns1 ! m9d w&]s4 ,among all peoples ! inf9ite has be5 ! negation ( ! f9ite2 imm5sity ! negation ( measure4 ,x is evid5t t our five s5ses h produc$ all languages1 z well z all our ideas4 ,! lea/ imp]fect are l ! laws3 ^? 9 :i* !re is ! lea/ t is arbitr>y are ! be/4 ,! mo/ complete are necess>ily ^? ( ! peoples :o h cultivat$ ! arts & society4 ,?us ! ,hebraic language %\ld be "o ( ! poore/ languages1 l ! p :o us$ to speak x4 ,h[ %\ld ! ,hebrews h _h m>itime t]ms1 !y :o be=e ,solomon _h n a boat8 h[ ! t]ms ( philosophy1 !y :o 7 plung$ 9 su* pr(\nd ignorance up to ! "t :5 !y />t$ to le>n some?+ 9 _! migration to ,babylon8 ,! language ( ! ,pho5icians1 f :i* ! ,hebrews drew _! j>gon1 %\ld be v sup]ior1 because x 0 ! idiom ( an indu/ri\s1 comm]cial1 ri* p1 di/ribut$ all ov] ! e>?4 ,! mo/ anci5t kn[n language %\ld be t ( ! nation mo/ anci5tly ga!r$ toge!r z a body ( p4 ,x %\ld be1 fur!r1 t ( ! p :i* has be5 lea/ subjugat$1 or :i*1 hav+ be5 subjugat$1 has civiliz$ its conqu]ors4 ,& 9 ?is respect1 x is con/ant t ,*9ese & ,arabic are ! mo/ anci5t ( all ^? t are spok5 to-day4 ,!re is no "m-tongue4 ,all neighb\r+ nations h borr[$ f ea* o!r3 b "o has giv5 ! "n ( "m-tongue to ^? f :i* "s kn[n idioms are d]iv$4 ,= example1 ,lat9 is ! "m-tongue 9 respect ( ,italian1 ,spani% & ,fr5*3 b x 0 itself d]iv$ f ,tuscan2 & ,tuscan 0 d]iv$ f ,celtic & ,greek4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( all languages mu/ be t :i* is at once1 ! mo/ complete1 ! mo/ sonor\s1 ! mo/ v>i$ 9 its twi/s & ! mo/ regul> 9 its progress1 t :i* has mo/ comp\nd words1 t :i* by its prosody be/ expresses ! s\l's sl[ or impetu\s movem5ts1 t :i* mo/ resembles music4 ,greek has all ^! advantages3 x has n ! r\ghness ( ,lat91 9 :i* s _m words end 9 um1 ur1 u4 ,x has all ! pomp ( ,spani%1 & all ! sweetness ( ,italian4 ,x has above all ! liv+ languages ( ! _w ! expression ( music1 by long & %ort syllables1 & by ! numb] & v>iety ( its acc5ts4 ,?us all disfigur$ z x is to-day 9 ,greece1 x c /ill be reg>d$ z ! mo/ beautiful language 9 ! univ]se4 ,! mo/ beautiful language _c be ! mo/ widely di/ribut$1 :5 ! p :i* speaks x is oppress$1 n num]\s1 )\t comm]ce ) o!r nations1 & :5 ^! o!r nations h cultivat$ _! own languages4 ,?us ,greek %\ld be less diffus$ ?an ,arabic1 & ev5 ,turki%4 ,( all ,european languages ,fr5* %\ld be ! mo/ g5]al1 because x is ! mo/ suit$ to conv]sation3 x has tak5 its "* f t ( ! p :i* speaks x4 ,! ,fr5* h be51 = ne>ly a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ! p :i* has be/ kn[n society1 :i* ! fir/ disc>d$ all emb>rassm5t1 & ! fir/ among :om wom5 7 free & ev5 sov]eign1 :5 else:]e !y 7 only slaves4 ,! always uni=m syntax ( ?is language1 :i* admits no inv]sions1 is a fur!r facility b>ely possess$ by o!r tongues2 x is m curr5t co9 ?an o!rs1 ev5 ?\gh x lacks weight4 ,! prodigi\s quantity ( agreeably frivol\s books :i* ?is nation has produc$ is a fur!r reason = ! fav\r :i* its language has obta9$ among all nations4 ,pr(\nd books w n give vogue to a language3 !y w be translat$2 p w le>n ,newton's philosophy2 b !y w n le>n ,engli% 9 ord] to und]/& x4 ,:at makes ,fr5* /ill m common is ! p]fection to :i* ! drama has be5 c>ri$ 9 ?is tongue4 ,x is to ,c9na1 ,phdre1 ! ,misan?rope t x owes its vogue1 & n to ! conque/s ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,x is n s copi\s & s flexible z ,italian1 or s maje/ic z ,spani%1 or s en]getic z ,engli%2 & yet x has _h m success ?an ^! ?ree languages f ! sole fact t x is m suit$ to int]c\rse1 & t !re are m agreeable books 9 x ?an else:]e4 ,x has succe$$ l ! cooks ( ,france1 because x has m flatt]$ g5]al ta/e4 ,! same _s :i* has l$ ! nations to imitate ! ,fr5* 9 _! furniture1 9 ! arrangem5t ( rooms1 9 g>d5s1 9 danc+1 9 all t gives *>m1 has l$ !m also to speak _! language4 ,! great art ( good ,fr5* writ]s is precisely t ( ! wom5 ( ?is nation1 :o dress bett] ?an ! o!r wom5 ( ,europe1 & :o1 )\t be+ m beautiful1 appe> to be s by ! art ) :i* !y adorn !mselves1 by ! noble & simple *>m !y give !mselves s naturally4 ,x is by d9t ( good bre$+ t ?is language has manag$ to make ! traces ( its =m] b>b>ism disappe>4 ,ev]y?+ w\ld be> witness to ?is b>b>ism to :osoev] %\ld look closely4 ,"o w\ld see t ! numb] v+t comes f vig9ti1 & t =m]ly ?is g & ?is t 7 pron\nc$ ) a r\ghness *>act]i/ic ( all ! nor!rn nations2 ( ! mon? ( ,augu/us has be5 made ! mon? ( aot4 ,n s long ago a ,g]man pr9ce ?9k+ t 9 ,france "o nev] pron\nc$ ! t]m ,augu/e o!rwise1 call$ ,k+ ,augu/e ( ,pol& ,k+ ,aot4 ,all ! lett]s :i* h be5 suppress$ 9 pronunciation1 b reta9$ 9 writ+1 are our =m] b>b>\s clo!s4 ,x 0 :5 mann]s 7 s(t5$ t ! language also 0 s(t5$3 be=e ,franois ,i] summon$ wom5 to 8 c\rt1 x 0 z cl[ni% z we 74 ,x w\ld h be5 z good to speak old ,celtic z ! ,fr5* ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,,viii4 & ,l\is ,,xii43 ,g]man 0 n m h>%4 ,x has tak5 c5turies to remove ?is ru/4 ,! imp]fections :i* rema9 w\ld /ill be intol]able1 7 x n = ! cont9ual c>e "o takes to avoid !m1 z a skilful horseman avoids /ones 9 ! road4 ,good writ]s are c>eful to combat ! faulty expressions :i* popul> ignorance fir/ br+s into vogue1 & :i*1 adopt$ by bad au?ors1 !n pass into ! gazettes & ! pamphlets4 ,roa/beef signifies 9 ,engli% roa/$ ox1 & our wait]s talk to u n[adays ( a roa/beef ( mutton4 ,rid+-coat means a coat = go+ on horseback2 ( x p h made r$+ote1 & ! populace ?9ks x an anci5t ^w ( ! language4 ,x has be5 necess>y to adopt ?is expression ) ! p because x signifies an article ( common use4 ,9 matt]s ( arts & crafts & necess>y ?+s1 ! common p subjugat$ ! c\rt1 if "o d>e say s2 j z 9 matt]s ( religion ^? :o mo/ despise ! common run ( p are oblig$ to speak & to appe> to ?9k l !m4 ,to call ?+s by ! names :i* ! common p has impos$ on !m is n to speak badly2 b "o recognizes a p naturally m +5i\s ?an ano!r by ! prop] names :i* x gives to ea* ?+4 ,x is only ?r\gh lack ( imag9ation t a p adapts ! same expression to a hundr$ diff]5t ideas4 ,x is a ridicul\s /]ility n to h kn[n h[ to express o!rwise an arm ( ! sea1 a scale arm1 an arm ( a *air2 !re is pov]ty ( ?\ght 9 say+ equally ! head ( a nail1 ! head ( an army4 ,ignorance has introduc$ ano!r cu/om into all mod]n languages4 ,a ?\s& t]ms no long] signify :at !y %\ld signify4 ,idiot meant solit>y1 to-day x means fooli%2 epiphany signifi$ appe>ance1 to-day x is ! fe/ival ( ?ree k+s2 baptize is to dip 9 wat]1 we say baptize ) ! "n ( ,john or ,james4 ,to ^! defects 9 almo/ all languages are add$ b>b>\s irregul>ities4 ,v5us is a *>m+ "n1 v5]eal is abom9able4 ,ano!r result ( ! irregul>ity ( ^! languages compos$ at haz>d 9 unc\? times is ! quantity ( comp\nd words ( :i* ! simple =m does n exi/ any m4 ,!y are *ildr5 :o h lo/ _! fa!r4 ,we h ar*itects & no tects2 !re are ?+s :i* are ineffable & none :i* are effable4 ,"o is intrepid1 "o is n trepid4 ,!re are impud5t fell[s1 insol5t fell[s1 b nei!r pud5t fell[s nor sol5t fell[s4 ,all languages m or less reta9 "s ( ^! defects2 !y are all irregul> l&s f :i* ! h& ( ! adroit arti/ kn[s h[ to d]ive advantage4 ,o!r defects :i* make a nation's "* evid5t always slip into languages4 ,9 ,france !re are fa%ions 9 expressions z 9 ways ( do+ ! hair4 ,a fa%ionable invalid or doctor w take x into 8 head to say t he has _h a s\pon ( fev] to signify t he has _h a slight attack2 soon ! :ole nation has s\pons ( colics1 s\pons ( hatr$1 love1 ridicule4 ,prea*]s 9 ! pulpit tell y t y mu/ h at lea/ a s\pon ( ,god's love4 ,aft] a few mon?s ?is fa%ion gives place to ano!r4 ,:at does mo/ h>m to ! nobility ( ! language is n ?is pass+ fa%ion ) :i* p are soon disgu/$1 n ! solecisms ( fa%ionable p into :i* good au?ors d n fall1 b ! affectation ( m$iocre au?ors 9 speak+ ( s]i\s ?+s 9 a conv]sational /yle4 ,ev]y?+ conspires to corrupt a language t is r widely diffus$2 au?ors :o spoil ! /yle by affectation2 ^? :o write to =eign c\ntries1 & :o almo/ always m+le =eign expressions ) _! natural tongue2 m]*ants :o introduce into conv]sation _! bus9ess t]ms4 ,all languages be+ imp]fect1 x does n foll[ t "o %\ld *ange !m4 ,"o mu/ adh]e absolutely to ! mann] 9 :i* ! good au?ors h spok5 !m2 & :5 "o has a suffici5t numb] ( approv$ au?ors1 a language is fix$4 ,?us "o c no long] *ange any?+ 9 ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 )\t corrupt+ !m2 ! reason is cle>3 x is t "o w\ld soon r5d] un9telligible ! books :i* provide ! in/ruction & ! pleasure ( ! nations4 ,,laws ,%eep live v placidly 9 community1 !y are consid]$ v easy-go+1 because we d n see ! prodigi\s quantity ( animals !y dev\r4 ,x is ev5 to be believ$ t !y eat !m innoc5tly & )\t kn[+ x1 l u :5 we eat a ,sass5age *eese4 ,! republic ( ! %eep is a fai?ful repres5tation ( ! gold5 age4 ,a *ick5-run is visibly ! mo/ p]fect mon>*ic /ate4 ,!re is no k+ comp>able to a cock4 ,if he m>*es pr\dly 9 ! mid/ ( 8 p1 x is n out ( vanity4 ,if ! enemy approa*es1 he does n give ord]s to 8 subjects to g to kill !mselves = him by virtue ( 8 c]ta9 k & pl5>y p[]2 he goes to battle himself1 ranges 8 *ick5s beh9d him & fights to ! dea?4 ,if he is ! victor1 he himself s+s ! ,te ,deum4 ,9 civil life !re is no "o s gallant1 s hone/1 s dis9t]e/$4 ,he has all ! virtues4 ,has he 9 8 royal beak a gra9 ( corn1 a grub1 he gives x to ! fir/ lady among 8 subjects :o pres5ts h]self4 ,solomon 9 8 h>em did n come ne> a p\ltry-y>d cock4 ,if x be true t ! bees are gov]n$ by a que5 to :om all h] subjects make love1 t is a /ill m p]fect gov]nm5t4 ,! ants are consid]$ to be an excell5t democracy4 ,democracy is above all ! o!r ,/ates1 because !re ev]yone is equal1 & ea* individual works = ! good ( all4 ,! republic ( ! beav]s is /ill sup]ior to t ( ! ants1 at lea/ if we judge by _! masonry "w4 ,! monkeys resemble /roll+ play]s r ?an a civiliz$ p2 & !y d n appe> to be ga!r$ toge!r "u fix$1 fundam5tal laws1 l ! prec$+ species4 ,we resemble ! monkeys m ?an any o!r animal by ! gift ( imitation1 ! frivolity ( our ideas1 & by our incon/ancy :i* has nev] all[$ u to h uni=m & durable laws4 ,:5 nature =m$ our species & gave u in/9cts1 self-e/eem = our pres]vation1 b5evol5ce = ! pres]vation ( o!rs1 love :i* is common to all ! species1 & ! inexplicable gift ( comb9+ m ideas ?an all ! animals toge!r2 :5 %e _h ?us giv5 u our portion1 %e said to u3 ,d z y c4 ,!re is no good code 9 any c\ntry4 ,! reason = ?is is evid5t2 ! laws h be5 made accord+ to ! times1 ! place & ! ne$1 etc4 ,:5 ! ne$s h *ang$1 ! laws :i* h rema9$1 h become ridicul\s4 ,?us ! law :i* =bade ! eat+ ( pig & ! dr9k+ ( w9e 0 v reasonable 9 ,arabia1 :]e pig & w9e are injuri\s2 x is absurd at ,con/ant9ople4 ,! law :i* gives ! :ole fee to ! elde/ son is v good 9 times ( an>*y & pillage4 ,!n ! elde/ son is ! capta9 ( ! ca/le :i* ! brig&s w attack soon] or lat]2 ! y\ng] sons w be 8 *ief (fic]s1 ! husb&m5 8 soldi]s4 ,all t is to be fe>$ is t ! y\ng] son may assass9ate or poison ! ,salian "l 8 eld] bro!r1 9 ord] to become 9 8 turn ! ma/] ( ! hovel2 b ^! cases are r>e1 because nature has s comb9$ our in/9cts & our passions t we h m horror ( assass9at+ our eld] bro!r ?an we h ( be+ envi\s ( 8 position4 ,b ?is law1 suitable = ! own]s ( dungeons 9 ,*ilp]ic's "t is dete/able :5 !re is "q ( %>+ /ocks 9 a city4 ,to ! %ame ( mank9d1 "o kn[s t ! laws ( games are ! only ones :i* ev]y:]e are j1 cle>1 inviolable & execut$4 ,:y is ! ,indian :o gave u ! rules ( ! game ( *ess will+ly obey$ all ov] ! _w1 & :y are ! popes' decretals1 = example1 to-day an object ( horror & scorn8 ! reason is t ! inv5tor ( *ess comb9$ ev]y?+ ) precision = ! satisfaction ( ! play]s1 & t ! popes1 9 _! decretals1 _h no?+ 9 view b _! own int]e/4 ,! ,indian wi%$ to ex]cise m5's m9ds equally1 & give !m pleasure2 ! popes wi%$ to besot m5's m9ds4 ,also1 ! ess5ce ( ! game ( *ess has rema9$ ! same = five ?\s& ye>s1 x is common to all ! inhabitants ( ! e>?2 & ! decretals are kn[n only at ,spoletto1 ,orvieto1 ,loretto1 :]e ! %all[e/ lawy] secretly hates & despises !m4 ,b ,i delight 9 ?9k+ t !re is a natural law indep5d5t ( all human conv5tions3 ! fruit ( my "w mu/ belong to me2 ,i mu/ hon\r my fa!r & my "m2 ,i h no "r ov] my fell['s life1 & my fell[ has none ov] m9e1 etc4 ,b :5 ,i ?9k t f ,*$orlaom] to ,m5tzel1#ab colonel ( huss>s1 ev]yone loyally kills & pillages 8 fell[ ) a lic5ce 9 8 pocket1 ,i am v afflict$4 ,i am told t !re are laws among ?ieves1 & also laws ( w>4 ,i ask :at are ^! laws ( w>4 ,i le>n t !y mean hang+ a brave (fic] :o has held fa/ 9 a bad po/ )\t cannon aga9/ a royal army2 t !y mean hav+ a prison] hang$1 if ! enemy has hang$ "o ( y\rs2 t !y mean putt+ to ! fire & ! sword villages :i* h n br\ght _! su/5ance on ! appo9t$ day1 accord+ to ! ord]s ( ! graci\s sov]eign ( ! di/rict4 ,good1 say ,i1 t is ! ',_s ( ! ,laws4' ,x seems to me t mo/ m5 h receiv$ f nature en\gh common s5se to make laws1 b t ev]yone is n j en\gh to make good laws4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,*$orlaom] 0 k+ ( ! ,elamites1 & contempor>y ) ,abraham4 ,see ,g5esis *4 xiv4 ,m5tzel 0 a fam\s *ief ( ,au/rian p>tisans 9 ! w> ( #agda4 ,at ! head ( five ?\s& m51 he made ,muni* capitulate on ,febru>y #ac?1 #agdb4 ,,lib]ty ,ei!r ,i am v mu* mi/ak51 or ,locke ! def9] has v well def9$ lib]ty z p[]4 ,i am mi/ak5 aga91 or ,coll9s1 celebrat$ ,london magi/rate1 is ! only philosoph] :o has really sift$ ?is idea1 & ,cl>k's answ] to him 0 m]ely t ( a !ologian4 ,b ( all t has be5 writt5 9 ,france on lib]ty1 ! foll[+ little dialogue seems to me ! mo/ cle>4 ,a3 ,!re is a batt]y ( guns fir+ 9 y\r e>s1 h y ! lib]ty to he> !m or n to he> !m8 ,b3 ,)\t d\bt1 ,i _c /op myself he>+ !m4 ,a3 ,d y want ?is gun to c>ry (f y\r head & ! heads ( y\r wife & daught]1 :o are walk+ ) y8 ,b3 ,:at are y talk+ ab\t8 z long z ,i am ( s\nd m9d1 ,i _c want su* a ?+2 x is impossible4 ,a3 ,good2 y he> ?is gun necess>ily1 & y wi% necess>ily t nei!r y nor y\r family %all die f a cannon %ot :ile y are out = a walk2 y h n ! p[] ei!r ( n he>+ or ( wi%+ to rema9 "h8 ,b3 ,cle>ly4 ,a3 ,y h consequ5tly tak5 "s ?irty /eps 9 ord] to be %elt]$ f ! gun1 y h _h ! p[] to walk ^! few /eps ) me8 ,b3 ,aga9 v cle>ly4 ,a3 ,& if y _h be5 a p>alytic1 y c\ld n h avoid$ be+ expos$ to ?is batt]y1 y w\ld necess>ily h he>d & receiv$ a gun %ot2 & y w\ld be dead necess>ily8 ,b3 ,no?+ is m true4 ,a3 ,9 :at !n does y\r lib]ty consi/1 unless x be 9 ! p[] t y\r self has ex]cis$ 9 p]=m+ :at y\r w requir$ ( absolute necessity8 ,b3 ,y emb>rass me2 lib]ty !n is no?+ b ! p[] ( do+ :at ,i want to d8 ,a3 ,?9k ab\t x1 & see if lib]ty c be und]/ood o!rwise4 ,b3 ,9 t case my hunt+ dog is z free z ,i am2 he has necess>ily ! w to run :5 he sees a h>e1 & ! p[] ( runn+ if he has n a pa9 9 8 legs4 ,i h !n no?+ above my dog2 y r$uce me to ! /ate ( ! bea/s4 ,a3 ,:at poor sophi/ry f ! poor sophi/s :o h taught y4 ,inde$ y are 9 a bad way to be free l y\r dog6 ,d y n eat1 sleep1 propagate l him1 ev5 almo/ to ! attitude8 ,d y want ! s5se ( smell o!r ?an ?r\gh y\r nose8 ,:y d y want to h lib]ty o!rwise ?an y\r dog has8 ,b3 ,b ,i h a s\l :i* reasons mu*1 & my dog reasons h>dly at all4 ,he has almo/ only simple ideas1 & ,i h a ?\s& metaphysical ideas4 ,a3 ,well1 y are a ?\s& times fre] ?an he is2 t is1 y h a ?\s& times m p[] ( ?9k+ ?an he has2 b y d n ?9k o!rwise ?an he does4 ,b3 ,:at6 ,i am n free to wi% :at ,i wi%8 ,a3 ,:at d y mean by t8 ,b3 ,i mean :at ev]yone means4 ,doesn't "o say e day1 wi%es are free8 ,a3 ,a prov]b is n a reason2 expla9 y\rself m cle>ly4 ,b3 ,i mean t ,i am free to wi% z ,i please4 ,a3 ,) y\r p]mission1 t has no s5se2 d y n see t x is ridicul\s to say1 ,i wi% to wi%8 ,y wi% necess>ily1 z a result ( ! ideas t h (f]$ !mselves to y4 ,d y wi% to be m>ri$2 yes or no8 ,b3 ,b if ,i tell y t ,i want nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r8 ,a3 ,y w be answ]+ l someone :o says3 ,"s believe ,c>d9al ,maz>9 to be dead1 o!rs believe him to be alive1 & z = me ,i believe nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,b3 ,well1 ,i want to be m>ri$4 ,a3 ,ah6 t is an answ]4 ,:y d y want to be m>ri$8 ,b3 ,because ,i am 9 love ) a beautiful1 sweet1 well-br$ "y girl1 :o is fairly ri* & s+s v well1 ^: p>5ts are v hone/ p1 & because ,i flatt] myself ,i am lov$ by h]1 & v welcome to h] family4 ,a3 ,t is a reason4 ,y see t y _c wi% )\t reason4 ,i decl>e to y t y are free to m>ry2 t is1 t y h ! p[] to sign ! contract1 h y\r nuptials1 & sleep ) y\r wife4 ,b3 ,h[ n[6 ,i _c wi% )\t reason8 ,& :at w become ( t o!r prov]b3 ,sit pro ratione voluntas2 my w is my reason1 ,i wi% because ,i wi%8 ,a3 ,t is absurd1 my de> fell[2 !re w\ld be 9 y an effect )\t a cause4 ,b3 ,:at6 ,:5 ,i play at odds & ev5s1 ,i h a reason = *oos+ ev5s r ?an odds8 ,a3 ,yes1 und\bt$ly4 ,b3 ,& :at is t reason1 if y please8 ,a3 ,! reason is t ! idea ( ev5 r ?an ! opposite idea pres5ts itself to y\r m9d4 ,x w\ld be comic t !re 7 cases :]e y wi%$ because !re 0 a cause ( wi%+1 & t !re 7 cases :]e y wi%$ )\t any cause4 ,:5 y wi% to be m>ri$1 y evid5tly feel ! dom9at+ reason2 y d n feel x :5 y are play+ at odds & ev5s2 & yet !re c]ta9ly mu/ be "o4 ,b3 ,b1 ,i repeat1 ,i am n free !n8 ,a3 ,y\r w is n free1 b y\r actions are4 ,y are free to act1 :5 y h ! p[] to act4 ,b3 ,b all ! books ,i h read on ! lib]ty ( indiff]5ce4444 ,a3 ,:at d y mean by ! lib]ty ( indiff]5ce8 ,b3 ,i mean ! lib]ty ( spitt+ on ! "r or on ! left1 ( sleep+ on my "r side or on my left1 ( tak+ a walk ( f\r turns or five4 ,a3 ,really ! lib]ty y w\ld h !re w\ld be a comic lib]ty6 ,god w\ld h giv5 y a f9e gift6 ,x w\ld really be some?+ to boa/ (6 ,( :at use to y w\ld be a p[] :i* 0 ex]cis$ only on su* futile occasions8 ,b ! fact is t x is ridicul\s to suppose ! w to wi% to spit on ! "r4 ,n only is ?is w to wi% absurd1 b x is c]ta9 t sev]al trifl+ circum/ances det]m9e y 9 ^! acts t y call indiff]5t4 ,y are no m free 9 ^! acts ?an 9 ! o!rs4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 y are free at all times1 9 all places1 z soon z y d :at y wi% to d4 ,b3 ,i suspect y are "r4 ,i w ?9k ab\t x4#ac ,,footnotes3 #ac ,see ,free-,w4 ,,libr>y ,a big libr>y has ?is 9 x ( good1 t x dismays ^? :o look at x4 ,two hundr$ ?\s& volumes disc\rage a man tempt$ to pr9t2 b un=tunately he at once says to himself3 ,p d n read all ^? books1 & !y may read m9e4 ,he comp>es himself to a drop ( wat] :o compla9s ( be+ lo/ 9 ! ocean & ignor$3 a g5ius _h pity on x2 he caus$ x to be swall[$ by an oy/]2 x became ! mo/ beautiful pe>l 9 ! ,ori5t1 & 0 ! *ief ornam5t 9 ! ?rone ( ! ,great ,mogul4 ,^? :o are only compil]s1 imitators1 comm5tators1 splitt]s ( phrases1 usuri\s critics1 9 %ort1 ^? on :om a g5ius has no pity1 w always rema9 drops ( wat]4 ,our man works 9 8 g>ret1 !re=e1 9 ! hope ( becom+ a pe>l4 ,x is true t 9 ?is imm5se collection ( books !re are ab\t a hundr$ & n9ety-n9e ?\s& :i* w nev] be read1 f cov] to cov] at lea/2 b "o may ne$ to consult "s ( !m once 9 a lifetime4 ,x is a great advantage = :oev] wi%es to le>n to f9d at 8 h& 9 ! k+'s palace ! volume & page he seeks1 )\t be+ kept wait+ a mom5t4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ noble in/itutions4 ,no exp5se is m magnific5t & m useful4 ,! public libr>y ( ! ,k+ ( ,france is ! f9e/ 9 ! :ole _w1 less on acc\nt ( ! numb] & r>ity ( ! volumes ?an ( ! ease & c\rtesy ) :i* ! libr>ians l5d !m to all s*ol>s4 ,?is libr>y is inconte/ably ! mo/ preci\s monum5t !re is 9 ,france4 ,?is a/\nd+ multitude ( books %\ld n sc>e4 ,we h already rem>k$ t ,p>is conta9s ab\t sev5 hundr$ ?\s& m51 t "o _c live ) !m all1 & t "o *ooses ?ree or f\r fri5ds4 ,?us mu/ "o no m compla9 ( ! multitude ( books ?an ( ! multitude ( citiz5s4 ,a man :o wi%es to le>n a little ab\t 8 exi/5ce1 & :o has no "t to wa/e1 is q emb>rass$4 ,he wi%es to read simultane\sly ,hobbes1 ,sp9oza1 ,bayle :o wrote aga9/ !m1 ,leibnitz :o disput$ ) ,bayle1 ,cl>ke :o disput$ ) ,leibnitz1 ,malebran*e :o diff]$ f !m all1 ,locke :o pass$ z hav+ conf\nd$ ,malebran*e1 ,/ill+fleet :o ?\ght he _h vanqui%$ ,locke1 ,cudwor? :o ?9ks himself above !m because he is und]/ood by no "o4 ,"o w\ld die ( old age be=e hav+ ?umb$ ! hundr$? "p ( ! metaphysical romances4 ,"o is v cont5t to h ! mo/ anci5t books1 z "o inquires into ! mo/ anci5t m$als4 ,x is t :i* makes ! hon\r ( a libr>y4 ,! olde/ books 9 ! _w are ! ,k+s ( ! ,*9ese1 ! ,%a/abad ( ! ,brahm9s1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,holwell has br\ght to our k admirable passages1 :at rema9s ( ! anci5t ,z>a?u/ra1 ! fragm5ts ( ,san*onia?on :i* ,eusebius has pres]v$ = u & :i* be>s ! *>act]i/ics ( ! mo/ remote antiquity4 ,i d n speak ( ! ,p5tateu* :i* is above all "o c\ld say ( x4 ,we /ill h ! pray] ( ! real ,orpheus1 :i* ! hi]ophant recit$ 9 ! old ,greek my/]ies4 ,walk 9 ! pa? ( ju/ice1 wor%ip ! sole ma/] ( ! univ]se4 ,he is "o2 ,he is sole by ,himself4 ,all be+s owe ,him _! exi/5ce2 ,he acts 9 !m & by !m4 ,he sees ev]y?+1 & nev] has be5 se5 by mortal eyes4 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 or r ! only s*ol> 9 pr(ane antiquity1 gives him almo/ always ! "n ( ,orpheus ( ,?race1 ( ,orpheus ! ,!ologian1 to di/+ui% him f ^? :o wrote lat] "u 8 "n4 ,we h no long] any?+ ei!r ( ,museus or ( ,l9us4 ,a few passages f ^! pr$ecessors ( ,hom] w\ld well be an adornm5t to a libr>y4 ,augu/us _h =m$ ! libr>y call$ ! ,palat9e4 ,! /atue ( ,apollo presid$ ov] x4 ,! emp]or embelli%$ x ) bu/s ( ! be/ au?ors4 ,"o saw 9 ,rome tw5ty-n9e great public libr>ies4 ,!re are n[ m ?an f\r ?\s& important libr>ies 9 ,europe4 ,*oose :i* suits y1 & try n to be bor$4 ,,limits ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d ,someone ask$ ,newton "o day :y he walk$ :5 he want$ to1 & h[ 8 arm & 8 h& mov$ at 8 w4 ,he answ]$ manfully t he _h no idea4 ,b at lea/1 8 int]locutor said to him1 y :o und]/& s well ! gravitation ( ! planets w tell me :y !y turn 9 "o direction r ?an 9 ano!r6 ,& he aga9 confess$ t he _h no idea4 ,^? :o taught t ! ocean 0 salt = fe> t x might become putrid1 & t ! tides 7 made to br+ our %ips into port 7,! ,abb ,plu*e 9 ,! ,spectacle ( ,nature71 7 some:at a%am$ :5 ! reply 0 made to !m t ! ,m$it]ranean has ports & no ebb4 ,muss*5broeck himself fell into ?is inadv]t5ce4 ,has anyone ev] be5 able to say precisely h[ a log is *ang$ on ! he>? into burn+ c>bon1 & by :at me*anism lime is k9dl$ by fre% wat]8 ,is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! movem5t ( ! he>t 9 animals prop]ly und]/ood8 does "o "k cle>ly h[ g5]ation is accompli%$8 has "o guess$ :at gives u s5sations1 ideas1 memory8 ,we d n und]/& ! ess5ce ( matt] any m ?an ! *ildr5 :o t\* its surface4 ,:o w tea* u by :at me*anism ?is gra9 ( :eat t we ?r[ into ! gr\nd rises aga9 to produce a pipe lad5 ) an e> ( corn1 & h[ ! same soil produces an apple at ! top ( ?is tree1 & a *e/nut on its neighb\r8 ,_m tea*]s h said--,:at d ,i n "k8 ,montaigne us$ to say--,:at d ,i "k8 ,ru?lessly tr5*ant fell[1 wordy p$agogue1 m$dlesome !ori/1 y seek ! limits ( y\r m9d4 ,!y are at ! end ( y\r nose4 ,,local ,,crimes ,trav]se ! :ole e>?1 y w f9d t !ft1 murd]1 adult]y1 calumny are reg>d$ z crimes :i* society condemns & curbs2 b %\ld :at is approv$ 9 ,engl&1 & condemn$ 9 ,italy1 be puni%$ 9 ,italy z an outrage aga9/ ! :ole ( humanity8 ,t is :at ,i call a local crime4 ,does n t :i* is crim9al only 9 ! enclosure ( "s m\nta9s1 or betwe5 two riv]s1 dem& ( judges m indulg5ce ?an ^? outrages :i* are held 9 horror 9 all c\ntries8 ,%\ld n ! judge say to himself3 ,i %\ld n d>e puni% at ,ragusa :at ,i puni% at ,loretto8 ,%\ld n ?is reflection s(t5 9 8 he>t ! h>dness t x is only too easy to contract dur+ ! long ex]cise ( 8 (fice8 ,y "k ! k]messes 9 ,fl&]s2 9 ! la/ c5tury !y 7 c>ri$ to a po9t ( indec5cy :i* might revolt eyes unaccu/om$ to ^! spectacles4 ,?is is h[ ,*ri/mas 0 celebrat$ 9 "s t[ns4 ,fir/ !re appe>$ a "y man half nak$1 ) w+s on 8 back2 he recit$ ! ,ave ,m>ia to a "y girl :o answ]$ him fiat1 & ! angel kiss$ h] on ! m\?3 !n a *ild enclos$ 9 a great c>dbo>d cock cri$1 imitat+ ! cock's cry3 ,pu] natus e/ nobis4 ,a big ox bell[$ ubi1 :i* x pron\nc$ oubi2 a %eep bleat$ ,be?lehem4 ,an ass cri$ hihanus1 to signify eamus2 a long procession1 prec$$ by f\r fools ) baubles & rattles1 clos$ ! p]=mance4 ,!re rema9 to-day traces ( ^! popul> devotions1 :i* among m educat$ peoples w\ld be tak5 = pr(anations4 ,a bad-temp]$ ,swiss1 m drunk maybe ?an ^? :o play$ ! rles ( ox & ass1 came to words ) !m 9 ,l\va92 bl[s 7 giv52 ! p want$ to hang ! ,swiss1 :o escap$ ) difficulty4 ,! same man _h a viol5t qu>rel at ! ,hague 9 ,holl& = hav+ /\tly tak5 ,b>neveldt's "p aga9/ an extravagant ,gom>i/4 ,he 0 put into prison 9 ,am/]dam = hav+ said t prie/s are ! sc\rge ( humanity & ! s\rce ( all our mis=tunes4 ,:at6 he said4 ,if "o believes t good works make = salvation1 "o f9ds oneself 9 a dungeon2 if "o laughs at a cock & an ass1 "o risks be+ hang$4 ,?is adv5ture1 burlesque ?\gh x is1 makes x q cle> t "o c be repreh5sible on "o or two po9ts 9 our hemisph]e1 & be absolutely innoc5t 9 ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,,love ,!re are s _m sorts ( love t "o does n "k to :om to address oneself = a def9ition ( x4 ,! "n ( love is giv5 boldly to a caprice la/+ a few days1 a s5tim5t )\t e/eem1 gallants' affectations1 a frigid habit1 a romantic fantasy1 reli% foll[$ by prompt disreli%3 p give ?is "n to a ?\s& *im]as4 ,if philosoph]s want to probe to ! bottom ?is b>ely philosophical matt]1 let !m m$itate on ! banquet ( ,plato1 9 :i* ,socrates1 hon\rable lov] ( ,alcibiades & ,aga?on1 conv]ses ) !m on ! metaphysics ( love4 ,lucretius speaks ( x m z a natural philosoph]3 ,virgil foll[s 9 ! /eps ( ,lucretius2 amor omnibus idem4 ,x is ! /uff ( nature broid]$ by nature4 ,d y want an idea ( love8 look at ! sp>r[s 9 y\r g>d52 look at y\r pigeons2 look at ! bull :i* is br\ght to ! heif]2 look at ?is pr\d horse :i* two ( y\r grooms lead to ! quiet m>e await+ him2 %e draws aside h] tail to welcome him2 see h[ h] eyes sp>kle2 h>k to ! neigh+2 wat* ! pranc+1 ! curvett+1 ! e>s prick$1 ! m\? op5+ ) little convulsions1 ! swell+ no/rils1 ! fl>+ brea?1 ! manes ris+ & float+1 ! impetu\s movem5t ) :i* he hurls himself on ! object :i* nature has de/9$ = him2 b be n jeal\s ( him1 & ?9k ( ! advantages ( ! human species2 9 love !y comp5sate = all ^? t nature has giv5 to ! animals--/r5g?1 beauty1 nimbl5ess1 spe$4 ,!re are animals1 ev51 :o h no enjoym5t 9 possession4 ,scale fi% are depriv$ ( ?is delight3 ! female ?r[s millions ( eggs on ! mud2 ! male com+ across !m passes ov] !m1 & f]tilizes !m ) 8 se$1 )\t tr\bl+ ab\t ! female to :om !y belong4 ,mo/ animals t pair1 ta/e pleasure only by a s+le s5se1 & z soon z ! appetite is satisfi$1 ev]y?+ is ext+ui%$4 ,no animal1 ap>t f y1 kn[s :at kiss+ is2 ! :ole ( y\r body is s5sitive2 y\r lips especially enjoy a voluptu\sness t no?+ c tire2 & ?is pleasure belongs to no species b y\rs3 y c give y\rself up to love at any "t1 & ! animals h b a fix$ "t4 ,if y reflect on ^! sup]iorities1 y w say ) ! ,c\nt ( ,ro*e/]--,9 a c\ntry ( a!i/s love w\ld cause ! ,deity to be wor%ipp$4 ,z m5 h receiv$ ! gift ( p]fect+ all t nature accords !m1 !y h p]fect$ love4 ,cleanl9ess1 ! c>e ( oneself1 by r5d]+ ! sk9 m delicate1 increase ! pleasure ( contact2 & att5tion to "o's heal? r5d]s ! organs ( voluptu\sness m s5sitive4 ,all ! o!r s5tim5ts t ent] into t ( love1 j l metals :i* amalgamate ) gold3 fri5d%ip1 reg>d1 come to help2 ! faculties ( m9d & body are /ill fur!r *a9s4 ,self-love above all tight5s all ^! bonds4 ,"o applauds oneself = "o's *oice1 & a cr[d ( illusions =m ! decoration ( ! build+ ( :i* nature has laid ! f\ndations4 ,t is :at y h above ! animals4 ,b if y ta/e s _m pleasures unkn[n to !m1 h[ _m sorr[s too ( :i* ! bea/s h no idea6 ,:at is frightful = y is t ov] ?ree-f\r?s ( ! e>? nature has poison$ ! pleasures ( love & ! s\rces ( life ) an appall+ disease to :i* man alone is subject1 & :i* infects 9 him ! organs ( g5]ation alone4 ,x is 9 no wise ) ?is plague z ) s _m o!r maladies t are ! result ( our excesses4 ,x 0 n debau* t introduc$ x into ! _w4 ,phryne1 ,lais1 ,flora1 ,messal9a & ^? l !m1 7 n attack$ by x2 x 0 born 9 "s isl&s :]e m5 liv$ 9 innoc5ce1 & !nce spread itself ov] ! anci5t _w4 ,if ev] "o c\ld accuse nature ( despis+ h] "w1 ( contradict+ h] plans1 ( act+ aga9/ h] designs1 x is 9 ?is dete/able sc\rge :i* has soil$ ! e>? ) horror & fil?4 ,is t ! be/ ( all possible worlds8 ,:at6 if ,cs>1 ,antony1 ,octavius nev] _h ?is disease1 0 x n possible = x n to cause ! dea? ( ,franois ,i48 ,no1 p say1 ?+s 7 ord]$ ?us = ! be/4 ,i want to believe x2 b x is sad = ^? to :om ,rabelais d$icat$ 8 book4 ,erotic philosoph]s h (t5 debat$ ! "q ( :e!r ,helose c\ld /ill really love ,abel>d :5 he 0 a monk & emasculate8 ,"o ( ^! qualities did v great h>m to ! o!r4 ,b console y\rself1 ,abel>d1 y 7 lov$2 ! root ( ! hewn tree /ill reta9s a remnant ( sap2 ! imag9ation aids ! he>t4 ,"o c /ill be happy at table ev5 ?\gh "o eats no long]4 ,is x love8 is x simply a memory8 is x fri5d%ip8 ,all t is compos$ ( some?+ indescribable4 ,x is an obscure feel+ resembl+ ! fanta/ic passions reta9$ by ! dead 9 ! ,elysian fields4 ,! h]oes :o1 dur+ _! lifetime1 %one 9 ! *>iot races1 drove imag9>y *>iots :5 !y 7 dead4 ,helose liv$ ) y on illusions & supplem5ts4 ,%e kiss$ y sometimes1 & ) all ! m pleasure t hav+ tak5 a v[ at ! ,p>aclet mona/]y to love y no long]1 h] kisses !reby became m preci\s z m guilty4 ,a woman c b>ely be seiz$ ) a passion = a eunu*3 b %e c keep h] passion = h] lov] become eunu*1 provid$ t he rema9s lovable4 ,x is n ! same1 ladies1 = a lov] :o has gr[n old 9 s]vice2 ! ext]nals subsi/ no long]2 ! wr9kles horrify2 ! :ite eyebr[s %ock2 ! lo/ tee? disgu/2 ! infirmities e/range3 all t "o c d is to h ! virtue ( be+ nurse1 & ( tol]at+ :at "o has lov$4 ,x is bury+ a dead man4 ,,luxury ,p h declaim$ aga9/ luxury = two ?\s& ye>s1 9 v]se & 9 prose1 & p h always delight$ 9 x4 ,:at has n be5 said ( ! e>ly ,romans :5 ^! brig&s ravag$ & pillag$ ! h>ve/s2 :51 to enl>ge _! poor village1 !y de/roy$ ! poor villages ( ! ,volscians & ! ,samnites8 ,!y 7 dis9t]e/$1 virtu\s m52 !y _h n yet be5 able to /eal ei!r gold1 silv]1 or preci\s /ones1 because !re 7 n any 9 ! little t[ns !y plund]$4 ,_! woods & _! m>%es produc$ nei!r pheasants nor p>tridges1 & p praise _! temp]ance4 ,:5 gradually !y _h pillag$ ev]y?+1 /ol5 ev]y?+ f ! f> end ( ! ,adriatic ,gulf to ! ,euphrates1 & :5 !y _h en\gh intellig5ce to enjoy ! fruit ( _! plund]+2 :5 !y cultivat$ ! arts1 :5 !y ta/$ ( all pleasures1 & :5 !y ev5 made ! vanqui%$ ta/e ( !m1 !y ceas$ !n1 p say1 to be wise & hone/ m54 ,all ^! declamations r$uce !mselves to prov+ t a robb] mu/ nev] ei!r eat ! d9n] he has tak51 or we> ! coat he has pilf]$1 or adorn himself ) ! r+ he has fil*$4 ,he %\ld ?r[ all t1 p say1 9 ! riv]1 s z to live l an hone/ man4 ,say r t he %\ld n h /ol54 ,condemn brig&s :5 !y pillage2 b d n treat !m z s5seless :5 !y enjoy4 ,hone/ly1 :5 a l>ge numb] ( ,engli% sailors enri*$ !mselves at ! tak+ ( ,pondi*]ry & ,havana1 7 !y wrong to enjoy !mselves lat] 9 ,london1 z ! price ( ! tr\ble !y _h _h 9 ! dep?s ( ,asia & ,am]ica8 ,! declaim]s want "o to bury 9 ! gr\nd ! weal? "o has amass$ by ! =tune ( arms1 by agriculture1 by comm]ce & by indu/ry4 ,!y cite ,lac$mon2 :y d !y n cite also ! republic ( ,san ,m>9o8 ,:at good did ,sp>to to ,greece8 ,did %e ev] h ,demo/h5es1 ,sophocles1 ,apelles1 ,phidias8 ,! luxury ( ,a!ns produc$ great m5 9 e sph]e2 ,sp>ta _h a few capta9s1 & 9 less numb] ev5 ?an o!r t[ns4 ,b h[ f9e x is t z small a republic z ,lac$mon reta9s its pov]ty4#ad ,"o arrives at dea? z well by lack+ ev]y?+ z by enjoy+ :at c make life pleasant4 ,! ,canadian savage subsi/s1 & comes to old age l ! ,engli% citiz5 :o has an income ( fifty ?\s& gu9eas4 ,b :o w ev] comp>e ! l& ( ! ,iroquois to ,engl&8 ,let ! republic ( ,ragusa & ! canton ( ,zug make sumptu>y laws1 !y are "r1 ! poor man mu/ n sp5d beyond 8 p[]s2 b ,i h read some:]e3 ,le>n t luxury enri*es a great /ate1 ev5 if x ru9s a small4#ae ,if by luxury y und]/& excess1 ev]yone kn[s t excess 9 any =m is p]nici\s1 9 ab/95ce z 9 gluttony1 9 economy z 9 g5]osity4 ,i d n "k h[ x has happ5$ t 9 my village :]e ! l& is ungrateful1 ! taxes heavy1 ! prohibition aga9/ export+ ! corn "o has s[n intol]able1 !re is nev]!less b>ely a cultivator :o has n a good clo? coat1 & :o is n well %od & well f$4 ,if ?is cultivator toil$ 9 8 fields 9 8 f9e coat1 ) :ite l951 8 hair curl$ & p[d]$1 !re1 c]ta9ly1 w\ld be ! greate/ luxury1 & ! mo/ imp]t95t2 b t a b\rgeois ( ,p>is or ,london %\ld appe> at ! !atre clad l a peasant1 !re w\ld be ! mo/ vulg> & ridicul\s nigg>dl9ess4 ,:5 scissors1 :i* are c]ta9ly n ( ! remote/ antiquity1 7 inv5t$1 :at did p n say aga9/ ! fir/ m5 :o p>$ _! nails1 & :o cut "p ( ! hair :i* fell on _! noses8 ,!y 7 treat$1 )\t a d\bt1 z fops & prodigals1 :o b\ght an in/rum5t ( vanity at a high price1 9 ord] to spoil ! ,creator's h&iwork4 ,:at an enorm\s s9 to cut %ort ! horn :i* ,god made to gr[ at ! end ( our f+]s6 ,x 0 an outrage aga9/ ! ,deity6 ,x 0 mu* worse :5 %irts & socks 7 inv5t$4 ,"o kn[s ) :at fury ! ag$ c\nsellors :o _h nev] worn !m cri$ out aga9/ ! "y magi/rates :o 7 addict$ to ?is disa/r\s luxury4#af ,,footnotes3 #ad ,lac$mon avoid$ luxury only by pres]v+ ! community or equality ( prop]ty2 b %e did n pres]ve ei!r ! "o or ! o!r save by hav+ ! l& cultivat$ by an enslav$ p4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! equality or community ( prop]ty supposes ! exi/5ce ( an enslav$ p4 ,! ,sp>tans _h virtue1 j l highwaym51 inquisitors & all classes ( m5 :om habit has famili>iz$ ) a species ( crime1 to ! po9t ( committ+ !m )\t remorse4 #ae ,! sumptu>y laws are by _! nature a violation ( ! "r ( prop]ty4 ,if 9 a little /ate !re is n a great inequality ( =tune1 !re w be no luxury2 if ?is inequality exi/s1 luxury is ! rem$y = x4 ,x is h] sumptu>y laws t h lo/ ,g5eva h] lib]ty4 #af ,if by luxury "o und]/&s ev]y?+ t is beyond ! necess>y1 luxury is a natural consequ5ce ( ! progress ( ! human species2 & to reason consequ5tly e enemy ( luxury %\ld believe ) ,r\sseau t ! /ate ( happ9ess & virtue = man is t1 n ( ! savage1 b ( ! orang-outang4 ,"o feels t x w\ld be absurd to reg>d z an evil ! com=ts :i* all m5 w\ld enjoy3 also1 does "o n g5]ally give ! "n ( luxury to ! sup]fluities :i* only a small numb] ( individuals c enjoy4 ,9 ?is s5se1 luxury is a necess>y consequ5ce ( prop]ty1 )\t :i* no society c subsi/1 & ( a great inequality betwe5 =tunes :i* is ! consequ5ce1 n ( ! "r ( prop]ty1 b ( bad laws4 ,morali/s %\ld address _! s]mons to ! legislators1 & n to individuals1 because x is 9 ! ord] ( possible ?+s t a virtu\s & enlight5$ man may h ! p[] to make reasonable laws1 & x is n 9 human nature = all ! ri* m5 ( a c\ntry to r5\nce ?r\gh virtue procur+ = !mselves = money ! enjoym5ts ( pleasure or vanity4 ,,g5]al ,,reflection ,,on ,,man ,x ne$s tw5ty ye>s to lead man f ! plant /ate 9 :i* he is )9 8 "m's womb1 & ! pure animal /ate :i* is ! lot ( 8 e>ly *ildhood1 to ! /ate :5 ! maturity ( ! reason beg9s to appe>4 ,x has ne$$ ?irty c5turies to le>n a little ab\t 8 /ructure4 ,x w\ld ne$ et]nity to le>n some?+ ab\t 8 s\l4 ,x takes an in/ant to kill him4 ,,man ,,9 ,,! ,,iron ,,mask ,! au?or ( ! ,sicle de ,l\is ,,xiv4#ag is ! fir/ to speak ( ! man 9 ! iron mask 9 an au!nticat$ hi/ory4 ,! reason is t he 0 v well in=m$ ab\t ! anecdote :i* a/oni%es ! pres5t c5tury1 :i* w a/oni% po/]ity1 & :i* is only too true4 ,he 0 deceiv$ ab\t ! date ( ! dea? ( ?is s+ul>ly un=tunate unkn[n4 ,! date ( 8 burial at ,/4 ,paul 0 ,m>* #crd1 #agjc1 & n #agjd4 7,note4--,accord+ to a c]tificate report$ by ,sa9t-,foix1 ! date 0 ,novemb] #bj?1 #agjc47 ,he 0 imprison$ fir/ ( all at ,pign]ol be=e be+ s on ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,isl&s1 & lat] 9 ! ,ba/ille2 always "u ! same man's gu>d1 ,sa9t-,m>s1 :o saw him die4 ,fa!r ,griffet1 ,jesuit1 has communicat$ to ! public ! di>y ( ! ,ba/ille1 :i* te/ifies to ! dates4 ,he _h ?is di>y )\t difficulty1 = he held ! delicate position ( confessor ( prison]s imprison$ 9 ! ,ba/ille4 ,! man 9 ! iron mask is a riddle to :i* ev]yone wi%es to guess ! answ]4 ,"s say t he 0 ! ,duc de ,beau=t3 b ! ,duc de ,beau=t 0 kill$ by ! ,turks at ! def5ce ( ,c&ia1 9 #affi2 & ! man 9 ! iron mask 0 at ,pign]ol1 9 #affb4 ,besides1 h[ w\ld "o h arre/$ ! ,duc de ,beau=t surr\nd$ by 8 army8 h[ w\ld "o h transf]r$ him to ,france )\t anybody kn[+ any?+ ab\t x8 & :y %\ld he h be5 put 9 prison1 & :y ?is mask8 ,o!rs h consid]$ ! ,comte de ,v]m&ois1 natural son ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o di$ publicly ( ! small-pox 9 #afhc1 ) ! army1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! t[n ( ,arras4 ,lat] x 0 ?\ght t ! ,duke ( ,monm\?1 ^: head ,k+ ,james ,,ii4 _h cut (f publicly 9 ,london 9 #afhe1 0 ! man 9 ! iron mask4 ,x w\ld h be5 necess>y = him to be resuscitat$1 & !n = him to *ange ! ord] ( ! times1 = him to put ! ye> #affb 9 place ( #afhe2 = ,k+ ,james :o nev] p>don$ anyone1 & :o on t acc\nt des]v$ all 8 mis=tunes1 to h p>don$ ! ,duke ( ,monm\?1 & to h caus$ ! dea?1 9 8 place1 ( a man exactly l him4 ,x w\ld h be5 necess>y to f9d ?is d\ble :o w\ld h be5 s k9d z to h 8 neck cut (f 9 public 9 ord] to save ! ,duke ( ,monm\?4 ,x w\ld h be5 necess>y = ! :ole ( ,engl& to h be5 "u a misappreh5sion2 = ,james !n to h s5t 8 e>ne/ entreaties to ,l\is ,,xiv4 to be s good z to s]ve z 8 con/able & gaol]4 ,!n ,l\is ,,xiv4 hav+ done ,k+ ,james ?is little fav\r1 w\ld n h fail$ to h ! same consid]ation = ,k+ ,william & = ,que5 ,anne1 ) :om he 0 at w>2 & he w\ld c>efully h pres]v$ 9 ^! two mon>*s' consid]ation 8 dignity ( gaol]1 ) :i* ,k+ ,james _h hon\r$ him4 ,all ^! illusions be+ dissipat$1 x rema9s to be le>n$ :o 0 ?is prison] :o 0 always mask$1 ! age at :i* he di$1 & "u :at "n he 0 buri$4 ,x is cle> t if he 0 n all[$ to pass into ! c\rty>d ( ! ,ba/ille1 if he 0 n all[$ to speak to 8 doctor1 unless cov]$ by a mask1 x 0 = fe> t 9 8 features might be recogniz$ "s too /rik+ resemblance4 ,he might %[ 8 tongue1 & nev] 8 face4 ,z reg>ds 8 age1 he himself said to ! ,ba/ille apo!c>y1 a few days be=e 8 dea?1 t he ?\ght he 0 ab\t sixty2 & ,ma/] ,m>solan1 surgeon to ! ,m>*al de ,ri*elieu1 & lat] to ! ,duc d',orlans1 reg5t1 son-9-law ( ?is apo!c>y1 has repeat$ x to me m ?an once4 ,f9ally1 :y give him an ,italian "n8 he 0 always call$ ,m>*iali6 ,he :o writes ?is article kn[s m ab\t x1 maybe1 ?an ,fa!r ,griffet1 & w n say m4 ,,publi%]s ,,note#ah ,x is surpris+ to see s _m s*ol>s & s _m intellig5t & sagaci\s writ]s torm5t !mselves ) guess+ :o c h be5 ! fam\s man 9 ! iron mask1 )\t ! simple/1 mo/ natural1 mo/ probable idea ev] pres5t+ itself to !m4 ,once ! fact z ,m4 de ,voltaire reports x is admitt$1 ) its circum/ances2 ! exi/5ce ( a prison] ( s s+ul> a species1 put 9 ! rank ( ! be/ au!nticat$ hi/orical tru?s2 x seems t n only is no?+ easi] ?an to imag9e :o ?is prison] 01 b t x is ev5 difficult = !re to be two op9ions on ! subject4 ,! au?or ( ?is article w\ld h communicat$ 8 op9ion e>li]1 if he _h n believ$ t ?is idea mu/ already h come to _m o!rs1 & if he 7 n p]suad$ t x 0 n wor? :ile giv+ z a discov]y :at1 accord+ to him1 jumps to ! eyes ( all :o read ?is anecdote4 ,h[ev]1 z = "s "t pa/ ?is ev5t has divid$ m5's m9ds1 & z q rec5tly ! public has aga9 be5 giv5 a lett] 9 :i* x is claim$ z prov$ t ?is celebrat$ prison] 0 a secret>y ( ! ,duke ( ,mantua 7:i* _c be reconcil$ ) ! great m>ks ( respect %[n by ,m4 de ,sa9t-,m>s to 8 prison]71 ! au?or has ?\ght x 8 duty to tell at la/ :at has be5 8 op9ion = _m ye>s4 ,maybe ?is conjecture w put an end to all o!r rese>*es1 unless ! secret be reveal$ by ^? :o c be its gu>dians1 9 su* a way z to remove all d\bts4 ,he w n amuse himself ) refut+ ^? :o h imag9$ t ?is prison] c\ld be ! ,comte de ,v]m&ois1 ! ,duc de ,beau=t1 or ! ,duke ( ,monm\?4 ,! s*ol>ly & v wise au?or ( ?is la/ op9ion has well refut$ ! o!rs2 b he _h bas$ 8 own op9ion ess5tially m]ely on ! impossibility ( f9d+ 9 ,europe "s o!r pr9ce ^: det5tion x w\ld h be5 ( ! v highe/ importance %\ld n be kn[n4 ,m4 de ,sa9t-,foix is "r1 if he means to speak only ( pr9ces ^: exi/5ce 0 kn[n2 b :y has nobody yet ?\ght ( suppos+ t ! iron mask might h be5 an unkn[n pr9ce1 br\ght up 9 secret1 & ^: exi/5ce x 0 important %\ld rema9 unkn[n8 ,! ,duke ( ,monm\? 0 n = ,france a pr9ce ( su* great importance2 & "o does n see ev5 :at c\ld h engag$ ?is p[]1 at lea/ aft] ! dea? ( ?is duke & ( ,james ,,ii41 to make s great a secret ( 8 det5tion1 if inde$ he 0 ! iron mask4 ,x is h>dly probable ei!r t ,m4 de ,l\vois & ,m4 de ,sa9t-,m>s w\ld h %[n ! ,duke ( ,monm\? ! pr(\nd respect :i* ,m4 de ,voltaire assures !y %[$ ! iron mask4 ,! au?or conjectures1 f ! way t ,m4 de ,voltaire has told ! facts1 t ?is celebrat$ hi/orian is z p]suad$ z he is ( ! suspicion :i* he is go+1 he says1 to br+ to light2 b t ,m4 de ,voltaire1 z a ,fr5*man1 did n wi%1 he adds1 to publi% po9t-blank1 p>ticul>ly z he _h said en\gh = ! answ] to ! riddle n to be difficult to guess4 ,"h x is1 he cont9ues1 z ,i see x4 ,! iron mask 0 und\bt$ly a bro!r & an eld] bro!r ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ^: "m _h t ta/e = f9e l95 on :i* ,m4 de ,voltaire lays /ress4 ,x 0 9 read+ ! ,memoirs ( t "t1 :i* report ?is anecdote ab\t ! que51 t1 recall+ ?is same ta/e 9 ! iron mask1 ,i d\bt$ no long] t he 0 h] son3 a fact ( :i* all ! o!r circum/ances _h p]suad$ me already4 ,x is kn[n t ,l\is ,,xiii4 _h n liv$ ) ! que5 = a long "t2 t ! bir? ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 due only to a happy *ance skilfully induc$2 a *ance :i* absolutely oblig$ ! k+ to sleep 9 ! same b$ ) ! que54 ,?is is h[ ,i ?9k ! ?+ came to pass4 ,! que5 may h ?\ght t x 0 h] fault t no heir 0 born to ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,! bir? ( ! iron mask w h undeceiv$ h]4 ,! c>d9al to :om %e w h confid$ ! fact w h kn[n1 = m ?an "o reason1 h[ to turn ! secret to acc\nt2 he w h ?\ght ( mak+ use ( ?is ev5t = 8 own b5efit & = ! b5efit ( ! /ate4 ,p]suad$ by ?is example t ! que5 c\ld give ! k+ *ildr51 ! plan :i* produc$ ! *ance ( "o b$ = ! k+ & ! que5 0 arrang$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,b ! que5 & ! c>d9al1 equally impress$ ) ! necessity ( hid+ f ,l\is ,,xiii4 ! iron mask's exi/5ce1 w h _h him br\ght up 9 secret4 ,?is secret w h be5 a secret = ,l\is ,,xiv4 until ,c>d9al ,maz>9's dea?4 ,b ?is mon>* le>n+ !n t he _h a bro!r1 & an eld] bro!r :om 8 "m c\ld n disackn[l$ge1 :o fur!r bore maybe ! m>k$ features :i* betray$ 8 orig91 reflect+ t ?is *ild born dur+ m>riage c\ld n1 )\t great inconv5i5ce & a horrible sc&al1 be decl>$ illegitimate aft] ,l\is ,,xiii4's dea?1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 w h judg$ t he c\ld n use a wis] or ju/] means ?an ! "o he employ$ 9 ord] to assure 8 own tranquillity & ! peace ( ! /ate2 means :i* reliev$ him ( committ+ a cruelty :i* policy w\ld h repres5t$ z necess>y to a mon>* less consci5ti\s & less magnanim\s ?an ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,x seems to me1 our au?or cont9ues1 t ! m "o kn[s ( ! hi/ory ( ^? times1 ! m "o mu/ be /ruck by ^! assembl$ circum/ances :i* are 9 fav\r ( su* a supposition4 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,voltaire4 #ah ,?is note1 giv5 z a publi%]'s note 9 ! #agga edition1 passes among _m m5 ( lett]s z be+ by ,voltaire himself4 ,he knew ( ?is edition1 & he nev] contradict$ ! op9ion !re advanc$ on ! subject ( ! man 9 ! iron mask4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to speak ( ?is man4 ,he always combat$ all ! conjectures made ab\t ! mask3 he always spoke z ?\gh bett] in=m$ ?an o!rs on ! subject1 & z ?\gh unwill+ to tell all he knew4 ,!re is a lett] 9 circulation f ,mlle4 de ,valois1 writt5 to ! ,duke1 aft]w>d ,m>*al de ,ri*elieu1 :]e %e boa/s ( hav+ le>n$ f ! ,duc d',orlans1 h] fa!r1 "u /range conditions1 :o ! man 9 ! iron mask 02 ?is man1 %e says1 0 a tw9 bro!r ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 born a few h\rs aft] him4 ,ei!r ?is lett]1 :i* x 0 s useless1 s indec5t1 s dang]\s to read1 is a supposititi\s lett]1 or ! reg5t1 9 giv+ 8 daught] ! rew>d %e _h s nobly acquir$1 ?\ght to weak5 ! dang] !re 0 9 reveal+ a /ate secret1 by alt]+ ! facts1 s z to make ( ?is pr9ce a y\ng] son )\t "r to ! ?rone1 in/ead ( ! heir-app>5t to ! cr[n4 ,b ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o _h a bro!r2 ,l\is ,,xiv41 ^: s\l 0 magnanim\s2 ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o prid$ himself ev5 on a scrupul\s probity1 :om hi/ory has reproa*$ ) no crime1 :o inde$ committ$ no crime ap>t f lett+ himself be too sway$ by ! c\nsels ( ,l\vois & ! ,jesuits2 ,l\is ,,xiv4 w\ld nev] h deta9$ "o ( 8 bro!rs 9 p]petual prison1 9 ord] to =e/all ! evils ann\nc$ by an a/rolog]1 9 :om he did n believe4 ,he ne$$ m important motives4 ,elde/ son ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 ackn[l$g$ by ?is pr9ce1 ! ?rone belong$ to him2 b a son born ( ,anne ( ,au/ria1 unkn[n to h] husb&1 _h no rights1 & c\ld1 nev]!less1 try to make himself ackn[l$g$1 r5d ,france ) a long civil w>1 w9 maybe ov] ,l\is ,,xiii4's son1 by alleg+ ! "r ( primog5iture1 & sub/itute a new race = ! old race ( ! ,b\rbons4 ,^! motives1 if !y did n entirely ju/ify ,l\is ,,xiv4's rig\r1 s]ve at lea/ to excuse him2 & ! prison]1 too well-in=m$ ( 8 fate1 c\ld be grateful to him = n hav+ li/5$ to m rigor\s c\nsels1 c\nsels :i* politics h (t5 employ$ aga9/ ^? :o _h pret5sions to ?rones occupi$ by _! competitors4 ,f 8 y\? ,voltaire 0 connect$ ) ! ,duc de ,ri*elieu1 :o 0 n discreet3 if ,mlle4 de ,valois' lett] is au!ntic1 he knew ( x2 b1 possess$ ( a j m9d1 he felt ! error1 & s\ght o!r in=mation4 ,he 0 9 a position to obta9 x2 he rectifi$ ! tru? alt]$ 9 ! lett]1 z he rectifi$ s _m o!r errors4 ,,m>riage ,i came across a reason] :o said3 ,engage y\r subjects to m>ry z soon z possible2 let !m be exempt f taxes ! fir/ ye>1 & let _! tax be di/ribut$ ov] ^? :o at ! same age are celibate4 ,! m m>ri$ m5 y h1 ! less crime !re w be4 ,look at ! frightful records ( y\r regi/]s ( crime2 y w f9d !re a hundr$ ba*elors hang$ or :eel$ = "o fa!r ( a family4 ,m>riage makes man wis] & m virtu\s4 ,! fa!r ( a family1 ne> to committ+ a crime1 is (t5 /opp$ by 8 wife ^: blood1 less fev]i% ?an 81 makes h] g5tl]1 m compassionate1 m fe>ful ( !ft & murd]1 m timor\s1 m religi\s4 ,! fa!r ( a family does n want to blu% be=e 8 *ildr54 ,he fe>s to leave !m a h]itage ( %ame4 ,m>ry y\r soldi]s1 !y w n des]t any m4 ,b\nd to _! families1 !y w be b\nd also to _! fa!rl&4 ,a ba*elor soldi] (t5 is no?+ b a vagabond1 to :om x is indiff]5t :e!r he s]ves ! k+ ( ,naples or ! k+ ( ,morocco4 ,! ,roman w>riors 7 m>ri$2 !y f\ght = _! wives & *ildr52 & !y enslav$ ! wives & *ildr5 ( o!r nations4 ,a great ,italian politician1 :o fur!r 0 v le>n$ 9 ori5tal languages1 a v r>e ?+ among our politicians1 said to me 9 my y\?3 ,c>o figlio1 rememb] t ! ,jews h nev] _h b "o good in/itution1 t ( hav+ a horror ( virg9ity4 ,if ?is little race ( sup]/iti\s int]m$i>ies _h n consid]$ m>riage z ! fir/ law ( man1 if !re _h be5 among !m conv5ts ( nuns1 !y 7 irrep>ably lo/4 ,,ma/] ,,section ,i ,un=tunate t ,i am to h be5 born6 said ,ardassan ,ougli1 "y page ( ! great ,sultan ( ! ,turks4 ,if x 7 only ! great ,sultan on :om ,i am dep5d5t2 b ,i am subject to ! *ief ( my oda1 to ! capigi pa%a2 & :5 ,i receive my pay1 ,i h to b[ d[n to "o ( ! teft]d>'s cl]ks :o d$ucts half ( x4 ,be=e ,i 0 sev5 ye>s old ,i _h cut (f1 9 spite ( myself1 9 c]emony1 ! end ( my prepuce1 & x made me ill = a =tnight4 ,! d]vi% :o prays = u is my ma/]2 an iman is /ill m my ma/]2 ! mollah is /ill m my ma/] ?an ! iman4 ,! cadi is ano!r ma/]2 ! cadi-leski] is ma/] /ill m2 ! mufti is mu* m ma/] ?an all ^! toge!r4 ,! gr& vizi]'s kaia c ) a ^w h me ?r[n into ! canal2 & ! gr& vizi]1 f9ally1 c h my neck wrung at 8 pleasure1 & /uff ! sk9 ( my head1 )\t anybody ev5 tak+ notice4 ,h[ _m ma/]s1 great ,god6 ev5 if ,i _h z _m bodies & z _m s\ls z ,i h duties to accompli%1 ,i c\ld n att5d to ev]y?+4 ,oh1 ,allah6 if only y _h made me a scree*-owl6 ,i %\ld live free 9 my hole1 & ,i %\ld eat mice at my ease )\t ma/]s or s]vants4 ,t assur$ly is man's real de/9y2 only s9ce he 0 p]v]t$ has he ma/]s4 ,no man 0 made to s]ve ano!r man cont9u\sly4 ,ea* w\ld h *>itably aid$ 8 fell[1 if ?+s 7 z !y %\ld be4 ,! man ) eyes w\ld h l$ ! bl9d man1 ! active man w\ld h act$ z crut* to ! cripple4 ,?is _w w\ld h be5 ! p>adise ( ,mohamm$2 & x is ! hell :i* is exactly "u ! po9t$ bridge4 ,?us did ,ardassan ,ougli speak1 aft] receiv+ ! /irrup-lea!r f "o ( 8 ma/]s4 ,aft] a few ye>s ,ardassan ,ougli became pa%a ) ?ree tails4 ,he made a prodigi\s =tune1 & he firmly believ$ t all m51 except+ ! ,great ,turk & ! ,gr& ,vizi]1 7 born to s]ve him1 & all wom5 to give him pleasure 9 accordance ) 8 caprice4 ,,section ,,ii ,h[ has x be5 possible = "o man to become ano!r man's ma/]1 & by :at species ( incompreh5sible magic has he be5 able to become ! ma/] ( _m o!r m58 ,on ?is ph5om5on a great numb] ( good volumes h be5 writt52 b ,i give ! pref]5ce to an ,indian fable1 because x is %ort1 & because ! fables h said ev]y?+4 ,adimo1 ! fa!r ( all ! ,indians1 _h two sons & two daught]s by 8 wife ,procriti4 ,! eld] son 0 a giant1 ! y\ng] 0 a little hun*back1 ! two daught]s 7 pretty4 ,z soon z ! giant 0 consci\s ( 8 /r5g?1 he lay ) 8 two si/]s1 & made ! little hun*back s]ve him4 ,( 8 two si/]s1 "o 0 8 cook1 ! o!r 8 g>d5]4 ,:5 ! giant want$ to sleep1 he />t$ by *a9+ 8 little hun*back bro!r to a tree2 & :5 ! bro!r escap$1 he caught him 9 f\r /rides1 & gave him tw5ty /rokes ) a l5g? ( ox s9ew4 ,! hun*back became submissive & ! be/ subject 9 ! _w4 ,! giant1 satisfi$ to see him fulfill+ 8 duties z subject1 p]mitt$ him to lie ) "o ( 8 si/]s = :om he himself _h tak5 a di/a/e4 ,! *ildr5 :o came ( ?is m>riage 7 n entirely hun*back$2 b !y _h suffici5tly mis%ap5 =ms4 ,!y 7 re>$ 9 fe> ( ,god & ! giant4 ,!y receiv$ an excell5t education2 !y 7 taught t _! great uncle 0 giant by div9e "r1 t he c\ld d ) 8 family z pleas$ him2 t if he _h a pretty niece or great-niece1 %e 0 = him alone )\t a d\bt1 & t no "o c\ld lie ) h] until he want$ h] no long]4 ,! giant hav+ di$1 8 son1 :o 0 n by a long way z /rong & z big z he1 ?\ght nev]!less t he1 l 8 fa!r1 0 giant by div9e "r4 ,he claim$ to make all ! m5 "w = him1 & to lie ) all ! wom54 ,! family leagu$ itself aga9/ him1 he 0 beat5 to dea?1 & ! o!rs turn$ !mselves into a republic4 ,! ,siamese1 on ! contr>y1 ma9ta9 t ! family _h />t$ by be+ republican1 & t ! giant did n come until aft] a great numb] ( ye>s & diss5sions2 b all ! au?ors ( ,b5>es & ,siam agree t mank9d liv$ an inf9ity ( c5turies be=e hav+ ! intellig5ce to make laws2 & !y prove x by an unansw]able reason1 :i* is t ev5 to-day :5 ev]yone plumes himself on 8 intellig5ce1 no way has be5 f\nd ( mak+ a score ( passably good laws4 ,x is inde$ /ill an insoluble "q 9 ,india :e!r republics 7 e/abli%$ be=e or aft] mon>*ies1 :e!r confusion appe>$ m horrible to mank9d ?an despotism4 ,i d n "k :at happ5$ 9 ord] ( "t2 b 9 t ( nature x mu/ be agre$ t all m5 be+ born equal1 viol5ce & adroitness made ! fir/ ma/]s1 ! laws made ! la/4 ,,m5 ,,( ,,lett]s ,9 our b>b>\s times1 :5 ! ,franks1 ! ,g]mans1 ! ,bretons1 ! ,lomb>ds1 ! ,spani% ,muz>abs1 knew n h[ ei!r to read or write1 !re 7 in/itut$ s*ools1 univ]sities1 compos$ almo/ entirely ( ecclesia/ics :o1 kn[+ no?+ b _! own j>gon1 taught ?is j>gon to ^? :o wi%$ to le>n x2 ! academies came only a long "t aft]w>ds2 !y despis$ ! fooli%ness ( ! s*ools1 b did n always d>e to rise aga9/ !m1 because !re are fooli%nesses t are respect$ provid$ t !y conc]n respectable ?+s4 ,! m5 ( lett]s :o h r5d]$ ! greate/ s]vices to ! small numb] ( ?9k+ be+s spread ov] ! _w1 are ! isolat$ writ]s1 ! true s*ol>s %ut 9 _! /udies1 :o h nei!r argu$ on ! b5*es ( ! univ]sities1 nor told half-tru?s 9 ! academies2 & almo/ all ( !m h be5 p]secut$4 ,our wret*$ species is s made t ^? :o walk on ! well-trodd5 pa? always ?r[ /ones at ^? :o are %[+ a new road4 ,montesquieu says t ! ,scy?ians r5t _! slaves' eyes1 s t !y might be less di/ract$ :ile !y 7 *urn+ _! butt]2 t is j h[ ! inquisition functions1 & 9 ! l& :]e ?is mon/] reigns almo/ ev]ybody is bl9d4 ,9 ,engl& p h _h two eyes = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s2 ! ,fr5* are />t+ to op5 "o eye2 b sometimes !re are m5 9 p[] :o d n want ! p to h ev5 ?is "o eye op54 ,^! poor p]sons 9 p[] are l ,doctor ,bal\>d ( ! ,italian ,com$y1 :o does n want to be s]v$ by anyone b ! dolt ,h>lequ91 & :o is afraid ( hav+ too %rewd a valet4 ,compose "s odes 9 praise ( ,my ,"l ,sup]bus ,fadus1 "s madrigals = 8 mi/ress2 d$icate a book on geography to 8 door-keep]1 y w be well-receiv$2 enlight5 mank9d1 y w be ext]m9at$4 ,desc>tes 0 =c$ to leave 8 c\ntry1 ,gass5di 0 calumniat$1 ,arnauld dragg$ out 8 days 9 exile2 e philosoph] is treat$ z ! prophets 7 among ! ,jews4 ,:o w\ld believe t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury a philosoph] 0 dragg$ be=e ! secul> tribunals1 & treat$ z impi\s by ! tribunals ( argum5ts1 = hav+ said t m5 c\ld n practise ! arts if !y _h no h&s8 ,i d n despair t soon ! fir/ p]son :o is s insol5t z to say t m5 c\ld n ?9k if !y _h no heads w be imm$iately condemn$ to ! galleys2 =1 "s "y graduate w say to him1 ! s\l is a pure _s1 ! head is only matt]2 ,god c put ! s\l 9 ! heel1 z well z 9 ! bra92 !re=e ,i d5\nce y z impi\s4 ,! greate/ mis=tune ( a man ( lett]s is n p]haps be+ ! object ( 8 confrres' jeal\sy1 ! victim ( ! cabal1 ! despis$ ( ! m5 ( p[]2 b ( be+ judg$ by fools4 ,fools g f> sometimes1 p>ticul>ly :5 bigotry is add$ to ineptitude1 & to ineptitude ! _s ( v5geance4 ,! fur!r great mis=tune ( a man ( lett]s is t ord9>ily he is unatta*$4 ,a b\rgeois buys himself a small position1 & !re he is back$ by 8 colleagues4 ,if he suff]s an inju/ice1 he f9ds def5d]s at once4 ,! man ( lett]s is unsucc\r$2 he resembles a fly+-fi%2 if he rises a little1 ! birds dev\r him2 if he dives1 ! fi% eat him4 ,e public man pays tribute to malignity1 b he is paid 9 hon\rs & gold4 ,,metamorphosis1 ,,metempsy*osis ,is x n v natural t all ! metamorphoses ) :i* ! _w is cov]$ %\ld h made p imag9e 9 ! ,ori5t1 :]e ev]y?+ has be5 imag9$1 t our s\ls pass$ f "o body to ano!r8 ,an almo/ imp]ceptible speck becomes a worm1 ?is worm becomes a butt]fly2 an acorn trans=ms itself into an oak2 an egg into a bird2 wat] becomes cl\d & ?und]2 wood is *ang$ into fire & a%2 ev]y?+ 9 nature appe>s1 9 f9e1 metamorphos$4 ,soon p attribut$ to s\ls1 :i* 7 reg>d$ z light figures1 :at !y saw 9 m gross bodies4 ,! idea ( metempsy*osis is p]haps ! mo/ anci5t dogma ( ! kn[n univ]se1 & x /ill reigns 9 a l>ge "p ( ,india & ,*9a4 ,,milton1 ,,on ,,! ,,reproa* ,,( ,,plagi>ism ,,aga9/ ,"s p h accus$ ,milton ( hav+ tak5 8 poem f ! trag$y ( ,! ,bani%m5t ( ,adam by ,grotius1 & f ! ,s>cotis ( ! ,jesuit ,mas5ius1 pr9t$ at ,cologne 9 #afed & 9 #affa1 long be=e ,milton gave 8 ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,z reg>ds ,grotius1 x 0 well en\gh kn[n 9 ,engl& t ,milton _h c>ri$ into 8 epic ,engli% poem a few ,lat9 v]ses f ! trag$y ( ,adam4 ,x is 9 no wise to be a plagi>i/ to enri* "o's language ) ! beauties ( a =eign language4 ,no "o accus$ ,euripides ( plagi>ism = hav+ imitat$ 9 "o ( ! *oruses ( ,iphig5ia ! second book ( ! ,iliad2 on ! contr>y1 p 7 v grateful to him = ?is imitation1 :i* !y reg>d$ z a homage r5d]$ to ,hom] on ! ,a!nian /age4 ,virgil nev] suff]$ a reproa* = hav+ happily imitat$1 9 ! neid1 a hundr$ v]ses by ! fir/ ( ,greek poets4 ,aga9/ ,milton ! accusation 0 pu%$ a little fur!r4 ,a ,scot1 ,w ,laud] by "n1 v atta*$ to ! memory ( ,*>les ,i41 :om ,milton _h insult$ ) ! mo/ unc\? animosity1 ?\ght himself entitl$ to di%on\r ! memory ( ?is mon>*'s accus]4 ,x 0 claim$ t ,milton 0 guilty ( an infam\s impo/ure 9 robb+ ,*>les ,i4 ( ! sad glory ( be+ ! au?or ( ! ,eikon ,basilika1 a book long de> to ! royali/s1 & :i* ,*>les ,i41 x 0 said1 _h compos$ 9 8 prison to s]ve z consolation = 8 deplorable adv]sity4 ,laud]1 !re=e1 ab\t ! ye> ( #ageb1 want$ to beg9 by prov+ t ,milton 0 only a plagi>i/1 be=e prov+ t he _h act$ z a =g] aga9/ ! memory ( ! mo/ un=tunate ( k+s2 he procur$ "s editions ( ! poem ( ! ,s>cotis4 ,x seem$ evid5t t ,milton _h imitat$ "s passages ( x1 z he _h imitat$ ,grotius & ,tasso4 ,b ,laud] did n re/ cont5t !re2 he une>!d a bad translation 9 ,lat9 v]se ( ! ,p>adise ,lo/ ( ! ,engli% poet2 & jo9+ sev]al v]ses ( ?is translation to ^? by ,mas5ius1 he ?\ght !reby to r5d] ! accusation m grave1 & ,milton's %ame m complete4 ,x 0 9 t1 t he 0 badly deceiv$2 8 fraud 0 discov]$4 ,he want$ to make ,milton pass = a =g]1 & he 0 himself convict$ ( =g+4 ,no "o exam9$ ,mas5ius' poem ( :i* at t "t !re 7 only a few copies 9 ,europe4 ,all ,engl&1 conv9c$ ( ! ,scot's poor trick1 ask$ no m ab\t x4 ,! accus]1 conf\nd$1 0 oblig$ to disav[ 8 manoeuvre1 & ask p>don = x4 ,s9ce !n a new edition ( ,mas5ius 0 pr9t$ 9 #ageg4 ,! lit]>y public 0 surpris$ at ! l>ge numb] ( v beautiful v]ses ) :i* ! ,s>cotis 0 spr9kl$4 ,x is 9 tru? no?+ b a long declamation ( ! s*ools on ! fall ( man3 b ! exordium1 ! invocation1 ! description ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 ! portrait ( ,eve1 t ( ! devil1 are precisely ! same z 9 ,milton4 ,fur!r1 x is ! same subject1 ! same plot1 ! same cata/rophe4 ,if ! devil wi%es1 9 ,milton1 to be rev5g$ on man = ! h>m :i* ,god has done him1 he has precisely ! same plan 9 ! "w ( ! ,jesuit ,mas5ius2 & he manife/s x 9 v]ses wor?y maybe ( ! c5tury ( ,augu/us4 7,s>cotis1 ,i41 #bga et seq47 ,"o f9ds 9 bo? ,mas5ius & ,milton little episodes1 trifl+ digressions :i* are absolutely alike2 bo? speak ( ,x]xes :o cov]$ ! sea ) 8 %ips4 ,bo? speak 9 ! same tone ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel2 bo? give ! same description ( luxury1 ( pride1 ( av>ice1 ( gluttony4 ,:at mo/ p]suad$ ! g5]ality ( read]s ( ,milton's plagi>ism 0 ! p]fect resemblance ( ! beg9n+ ( ! two poems4 ,_m =eign]s1 aft] read+ ! exordium1 _h no d\bt b t ! re/ ( ,milton's poem 0 tak5 f ,mas5ius4 ,x is a v great error & easy to recognize4 ,i d n ?9k t ! ,engli% poet imitat$ 9 all m ?an two hundr$ ( ! ,jesuit ( ,cologne's v]ses2 & ,i d>e say t he imitat$ only :at 0 wor?y ( be+ imitat$4 ,^! two hundr$ v]ses are v beautiful2 s are ,milton's2 & ! total ( ,mas5ius' poem1 despite ^! two hundr$ beautiful v]ses1 is n wor? any?+ at all4 ,molire took two :ole sc5es f ! ridicul\s com$y ( ! ,pdant ,j\ by ,cyrano de ,b]g]ac4 ,^! two sc5es are good1 he said z he 0 je/+ ) 8 fri5ds4 ,!y belong to me by "r3 ,i recov] my prop]ty4 ,aft] t anyone :o treat$ ! au?or ( ,t>tufe & ,le ,misan?rope z a plagi>i/ w\ld h be5 v badly receiv$4 ,x is c]ta9 t g5]ally ,milton1 9 8 ,p>adise1 has 9 imitat+ fl[n on 8 own w+s2 & x mu/ be agre$ t if he borr[$ s _m traits f ,grotius & f ! ,jesuit ( ,cologne1 !y are bl5d$ 9 ! cr[d ( orig9al ?+s :i* are 82 9 ,engl& he is always reg>d$ z a v great poet4 ,x is true t he %\ld h av[$ hav+ translat$ two hundr$ ( a ,jesuit's v]ses2 b 9 8 "t1 at ! c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii41 p did n worry !mselves ) ei!r ! ,jesuits1 or ,milton1 or ,p>adise ,lo/1 or ,p>adise ,rega9$4 ,all ^? ?+s 7 ei!r sc(f$ at1 or unkn[n4 ,,mohamm$ans ,i tell y aga91 ignorant imbeciles1 :om o!r ignoramuses h made believe t ! ,mohamm$an religion is voluptu\s & s5sual1 !re is n a ^w ( tru? 9 x2 y h be5 deceiv$ on ?is po9t z on s _m o!rs4 ,canons1 monks1 vic>s ev51 if a law 7 impos$ on y n to eat or dr9k f f\r 9 ! morn+ till t5 at night1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,july1 :5 ,l5t came at ?is p]iod2 if y 7 =bidd5 to play at any game ( *ance "u pa9 ( damnation2 if w9e 7 =bidd5 y "u ! same pa92 if y _h to make a pilgrimage into ! burn+ des]t2 if x 7 enjo9$ on y to give at lea/ two & a half p] c5t4 ( y\r income to ! poor2 if1 accu/om$ to enjoy possession ( eighte5 wom51 ! numb] 7 cut d[n sudd5ly by f\rte52 hone/ly1 w\ld y d>e call t religion s5sual8 ,! ,lat9 ,*ri/ians h s _m advantages ov] ! ,mussulmans1 ,i d n say 9 ! matt] ( w>1 b 9 ! matt] ( doctr9es2 ! ,greek ,*ri/ians h s beat5 !m latt]ly f #agfi to #aggc1 t x is n wor? ! tr\ble to indulge 9 unju/ reproa*es aga9/ ,islam4 ,try to retake f ! ,mohamm$ans all t !y usurp$2 b x is easi] to calumniate !m4 ,i hate calumny s mu* t ,i d n want ev5 to impute fooli%ness to ! ,turks1 al?\gh ,i dete/ !m z tyrants ov] wom5 & enemies ( ! arts4 ,i d n "k :y ! hi/orian ( ! ,l[] ,empire ma9ta9s t ,mohamm$ speaks 9 8 ,koran ( 8 j\rney into ! sky3 ,mohamm$ does n say a ^w ab\t x2 we h prov$ x4 ,"o mu/ combat ceaselessly4 ,:5 "o has de/roy$ an error1 !re is always someone :o resuscitates x4 ,,m\nta9 ,x is a v old1 v univ]sal fable t tells ( ! m\nta9 :i*1 hav+ fright5$ all ! c\ntryside by its outcry t x 0 9 lab\r1 0 hiss$ by all pres5t :5 x br\ght into ! _w a m]e m\se4 ,! p 9 ! pit 7 n philosoph]s4 ,^? :o hiss$ %\ld h admir$4 ,x 0 z f9e = ! m\nta9 to give bir? to a m\se1 z = ! m\se to give bir? to a m\nta94 ,a rock :i* produces a rat is a v prodigi\s ?+2 & nev] has ! _w se5 any?+ approa*+ ?is miracle4 ,all ! globes ( ! univ]se c\ld n call a fly into exi/5ce4 ,:]e ! vulg> laugh1 ! philosoph] admires2 & he laughs :]e ! vulg> op5 _! big1 /upid eyes 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,,nak$ness ,:y %\ld "o lock up a man or a woman :o walk$ />k nak$ 9 ! /reet8 & :y is no "o %ock$ by absolutely nude /atues1 by pictures ( ! ,madonna & ( ,jesus t may be se5 9 "s *ur*es8 ,x is probably t ! human species liv$ long )\t be+ clo!d4 ,p unacqua9t$ ) clo?+ h be5 f\nd 9 m ?an "o isl& & 9 ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,! mo/ civiliz$ hide ! organs ( g5]ation ) leaves1 wov5 ru%es1 fea!rs4 ,:5ce comes ?is =m ( mode/y8 is x ! in/9ct = light+ desires by hid+ :at x gives pleasure to discov]8 ,is x really true t among slightly m civiliz$ nations1 su* z ! ,jews & half-,jews1 !re h be5 entire sects :o w\ld n wor%ip ,god save by /ripp+ !mselves ( all _! clo!s8 su* 71 x is said1 ! ,adamites & ! ,abelians4 ,!y ga!r$ q nak$ to s+ ! praises ( ,god3 ,/4 ,epiphanius & ,/4 ,augu/9e say s4 ,x is true t !y 7 n contempor>y1 & t !y 7 v f> f ^! p's c\ntry4 ,b at all ev5ts ?is madness is possible3 x is n ev5 m extraord9>y1 m mad ?an a hundr$ o!r madnesses :i* h be5 r\nd ! _w "o aft] ! o!r4 ,we h said else:]e t to-day ev5 ! ,mohamm$ans /ill h sa9ts :o are madm51 & :o g nak$ l monkeys4 ,x is v possible t "s fanatics ?\ght x 0 bett] to pres5t !mselves to ! ,deity 9 ! /ate 9 :i* ,he =m$ !m1 ?an 9 ! disguise inv5t$ by man4 ,x is possible t !y %[$ ev]y?+ out ( piety4 ,!re are s few well-made p]sons ( bo? sexes1 t nak$ness might h inspir$ *a/ity1 or r disgu/1 in/ead ( increas+ desire4 ,x is said p>ticul>ly t ! ,abelians r5\nc$ m>riage4 ,if !re 7 any f9e lads & pretty lasses among !m1 !y 7 at lea/ comp>able to ,/4 ,adhelme & to bless$ ,rob]t d',arbrisselle1 :o slept ) ! prettie/ p]sons1 t _! cont95ce might triumph all ! m4 ,b ,i av[ t x w\ld h be5 v comic to see a hundr$ ,hel5s & ,p>ises s++ an!ms1 giv+ ea* o!r ! kiss ( peace1 & mak+ agap4 ,all ( :i* %[s t !re is no s+ul>ity1 no extravagance1 no sup]/ition :i* has n pass$ ?r\gh ! heads ( mank9d4 ,happy ! day :5 ^! sup]/itions d n tr\ble society & make ( x a sc5e ( disord]1 hatr$ & fury6 ,x is bett] )\t d\bt to pray ,god />k nak$1 ?an to /a9 ,8 alt>s & ! public places ) human blood4 ,,natural ,,law ,b3 ,:at is natural law8 ,a3 ,! in/9ct :i* makes u feel ju/ice4 ,b3 ,:at d y call j & unju/8 ,a3 ,:at appe>s su* to ! entire univ]se4 ,b3 ,! univ]se is compos$ ( _m heads4 ,x is said t 9 ,lac$mon 7 applaud$ !fts = :i* p 9 ,a!ns 7 condemn$ to ! m9es4 ,a3 ,abuse ( words1 logoma*y1 equivocation2 !ft c\ld n be committ$ at ,sp>ta1 :5 ev]y?+ 0 common prop]ty4 ,:at y call !ft 0 ! puni%m5t = av>ice4 ,b3 ,x 0 =bidd5 to m>ry "o's si/] 9 ,rome4 ,x 0 all[$ among ! ,egyptians1 ! ,a!nians & ev5 among ! ,jews1 to m>ry "o's si/] on ! fa!r's side4 ,x is b ) regret t ,i cite t wret*$ little ,jewi% p1 :o %\ld assur$ly n s]ve z a rule = anyone1 & :o 7putt+ religion aside7 0 nev] any?+ b a race ( ignorant & fanatic brig&s4 ,b /ill1 accord+ to _! books1 ! "y ,?am>1 be=e be+ ravi%$ by h] bro!r ,amnon1 says to him3--,nay1 my bro!r1 d n ?\ ?is folly1 b speak unto ! k+2 = he w n )hold me f !e4 7#b ,samuel xiii4 #ab1 #ac47 ,a3 ,conv5tional law all t1 arbitr>y cu/oms1 fa%ions t pass3 ! ess5tial rema9s always4 ,%[ me a c\ntry :]e x 0 hon\rable to rob me ( ! fruit ( my toil1 to break "o's promise1 to lie 9 ord] to hurt1 to calumniate1 to assass9ate1 to poison1 to be ungrateful t[>ds a b5efactor1 to beat "o's fa!r & "o's "m :5 !y (f] y food4 ,b3 ,h y =gott5 t ,jean-,jacques1 "o ( ! fa!rs ( ! mod]n ,*ur*1 has said t ! fir/ man :o d>$ enclose & cultivate a piece ( l& 0 ! enemy ( ! human race1 t he %\ld h be5 ext]m9at$1 & t ! fruits ( ! e>? are = all1 & t ! l& belongs to none8 ,h we n already exam9$ toge!r ?is lovely proposition :i* is s useful to society 7,disc\rse on ,inequality1 second "p78 ,a3 ,:o is ?is ,jean-,jacques8 he is c]ta9ly n ei!r ,john ! ,bapti/1 nor ,john ! ,evangeli/1 nor ,james ! ,great]1 nor ,james ! ,less#ai2 x mu/ be "s ,hunni% wit :o wrote t abom9able imp]t95ce or "s poor jok] bufo magro :o want$ to laugh at :at ! entire _w reg>ds z mo/ s]i\s4 ,= in/ead ( go+ to spoil ! l& ( a wise & indu/ri\s neighb\r1 he _h only to imitate him2 & e fa!r ( a family hav+ foll[$ ?is example1 behold soon a v pretty village =m$4 ,! au?or ( ?is passage seems to me a v unsociable animal4 ,b3 ,y ?9k !n t by outrag+ & robb+ ! good man :o has surr\nd$ 8 g>d5 & *ick5-run ) a live h$ge1 he has be5 want+ 9 respect t[>ds ! duties ( natural law8 ,a3 ,yes1 yes1 once aga91 !re is a natural law1 & x does n consi/ ei!r 9 do+ h>m to o!rs1 or 9 rejoic+ !reat4 ,b3 ,i imag9e t man likes & does h>m only = 8 own advantage4 ,b s _m p are l$ to look = _! own int]e/ 9 ! mis=tune ( o!rs1 v5geance is s viol5t a passion1 !re are su* disa/r\s examples ( x2 ambition1 /ill m fatal1 has inundat$ ! _w ) s mu* blood1 t :5 ,i retrace = myself ! horrible picture1 ,i am tempt$ to av[ t man is a v devil4 ,9 va9 h ,i 9 my he>t ! notion ( ju/ice & inju/ice2 an ,attila c\rt$ by ,/4 ,leo1 a ,phocas flatt]$ by ,/4 ,gregory ) ! mo/ c[>dly bas5ess1 an ,alex&] ,,vi4 sulli$ ) s _m ince/s1 s _m murd]s1 s _m poison+s1 ) :om ! weak ,l\is ,,xii41 :o is call$ ! good1 makes ! mo/ infam\s & intimate alliance2 a ,cromwell ^: protection ,c>d9al ,maz>9 seeks1 & = :om he drives out ( ,france ! heirs ( ,*>les ,i41 ,l\is ,,xiv4's fir/ c\s9s1 etc41 etc42 a hundr$ l examples set my ideas 9 disord]1 & ,i "k no long] :]e ,i am4 ,a3 ,well1 d /orms /op our enjoym5t ( to-day's beautiful sun8 ,did ! e>?quake :i* de/roy$ half ! city ( ,lisbon /op y\r mak+ ! voyage to ,madrid v com=tably8 ,if ,attila 0 a brig& & ,c>d9al ,maz>9 a rogue1 are !re n pr9ces & m9i/]s :o are hone/ p8 ,has x n be5 rem>k$ t 9 ! w> ( #agja1 ,l\is ,,xiv4's c\ncil 0 compos$ ( ! mo/ virtu\s m58 ,! ,duc de ,beauvilli]s1 ! ,m>quis de ,torci1 ! ,m>*al de ,vill>s1 ,*amill>t la/ly :o pass$ = be+ incapable1 b nev] = di%one/4 ,does n ! idea ( ju/ice subsi/ always8 ,x is ^u t idea t all laws are f\nd$4 ,! ,greeks call$ !m daught]s ( heav51 :i* only means daught]s ( nature4 ,h y no laws 9 y\r c\ntry8 ,b3 ,yes1 "s good1 "s bad4 ,a3 ,:]e1 if x 0 n 9 ! notions ( natural law1 did y get ! idea t e man has )9 himself :5 8 m9d is prop]ly made8 ,y mu/ h obta9$ x !re1 or n[h]e4 ,b3 ,y are "r1 !re is a natural law2 b x is /ill m natural to _m p to =get x4 ,a3 ,x is natural also to be "o-ey$1 hump-back$1 lame1 de=m$1 unheal?y2 b "o pref]s p :o are well made & heal?y4 ,b3 ,:y are !re s _m "o-ey$ & de=m$ m9ds8 ,a3 ,peace6 ,b g to ! article on ,p[]4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,jean,john3 ,jacques,james4 ,,nature ,,dialogue ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,philosoph] ,,& ,,nature ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,:o are y1 ,nature8 ,i live 9 y2 = fifty ye>s h ,i be5 seek+ y1 & ,i h n f\nd y yet4 ,,nature3 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 :o liv$1 x is said1 "s twelve hundr$ ye>s1 made me ! same reproa*4 ,!y call$ me ,isis2 !y put a great veil on my head1 & !y said t nobody c\ld lift x4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,t is :at makes me address myself to y4 ,i h be5 able to measure "s ( y\r globes1 "k _! pa?s1 assign ! laws ( motion2 b ,i h n be5 able to le>n :o y are4 ,are y always active8 are y always passive8 did y\r elem5ts arrange !mselves1 z wat] deposits itself on s&1 oil on wat]1 air on oil8 h y a m9d :i* directs all y\r op]ations1 z c\ncils are inspir$ z soon z !y are assembl$1 al?\gh _! memb]s are sometimes ignoramuses8 ,i pray y tell me ! answ] to y\r riddle4 ,,nature3 ,i am ! great ev]y?+4 ,i "k no m ab\t x4 ,i am n a ma!matician2 & ev]y?+ is arrang$ 9 my _w accord+ to ma!matical laws4 ,guess if y c h[ x is all done4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,c]ta9ly1 s9ce y\r great ev]y?+ does n "k ma!matics1 & s9ce all y\r laws are mo/ pr(\ndly geometrical1 !re mu/ be an et]nal geomet] :o directs y1 a supreme intellig5ce :o presides ov] y\r op]ations4 ,,nature3 ,y are "r2 ,i am wat]1 e>?1 fire1 atmosph]e1 metal1 m9]al1 /one1 vegetable1 animal4 ,i feel inde$ t !re is 9 me an intellig5ce2 y h an intellig5ce1 y d n see x4 ,i d n see m9e ei!r2 ,i feel ?is invisible p[]2 ,i _c "k x3 :y %\ld y1 :o are b a small "p ( me1 want to "k :at ,i d n "k8 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,we are curi\s4 ,i want to "k h[ be+ s crude 9 y\r m\nta9s1 9 y\r des]ts1 9 y\r seas1 y appe> nev]!less s indu/ri\s 9 y\r animals1 9 y\r vegetables8 ,,nature3 ,my poor *ild d y want me to tell y ! tru?8 ,x is t ,i h be5 giv5 a "n :i* does n suit me2 my "n is ,nature1 & ,i am all art4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,t ^w upsets all my ideas4 ,:at6 nature is only art8 ,,nature3 ,yes1 )\t any d\bt4 ,d y n "k t !re is an inf9ite art 9 ^? seas & ^? m\nta9s t y f9d s crude8 d y n "k t all ^? wat]s gravitate t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 & m\nt only by immutable laws2 t ^? m\nta9s :i* cr[n ! e>? are ! imm5se res]voirs ( ! et]nal sn[s :i* produce unceas+ly ^? f\nta9s1 lakes & riv]s )\t :i* my animal species & my vegetable species w\ld p]i%8 ,& z = :at are call$ my animal k+dom1 my vegetable k+dom & my m9]al k+dom1 y see "h only ?ree2 le>n t ,i h millions ( k+doms4 ,b if y consid] only ! =mation ( an insect1 ( an e> ( corn1 ( gold1 ( copp]1 ev]y?+ w appe> z m>vels ( art4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,x is true4 ,! m ,i ?9k ab\t x1 ! m ,i see t y are only ! art ( ,i "k n :at mo/ pot5t & indu/ri\s great be+1 :o hides himself & :o makes y appe>4 ,all reason]s s9ce ,?ales1 & probably long be=e him1 h play$ at bl9d man's buff ) y2 !y h said3 ,i h y6 & !y _h no?+4 ,we all resemble ,ixion2 he ?\ght he 0 kiss+ ,juno1 & all t he possess$ 0 a cl\d4 ,,nature3 ,s9ce ,i am all t is1 h[ c a be+ su* z y1 s small a "p ( myself1 seize me8 ,be cont5t1 atoms my *ildr51 ) see+ a few atoms t surr\nd y1 ) dr9k+ a few drops ( my milk1 ) vegetat+ = a few mom5ts on my brea/1 & ) dy+ )\t hav+ kn[n y\r "m & y\r nurse4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,my de> "m1 tell me some?+ ( :y y exi/1 ( :y !re is any?+4 ,,nature3 ,i w answ] y z ,i h answ]$ = s _m c5turies all ^? :o h int]rogat$ me ab\t fir/ pr9ciples3 ,i ,,"k ,,no?+ ,,ab\t ,,!m4 ,,! ,,philosoph]3 ,w\ld n non-exi/5ce be bett] ?an ?is multitude ( exi/5ces made 9 ord] to be cont9ually dissolv$1 ?is cr[d ( animals born & reproduc$ 9 ord] to dev\r o!rs & to be dev\r$1 ?is cr[d ( s5ti5t be+s =m$ = s _m pa9ful s5sations1 t o!r cr[d ( intellig5ces :i* s r>ely he> reason4 ,:at is ! good ( all t1 ,nature8 ,,nature3 ,oh6 g & ask ,him :o made me4 ,,necess>y ,,osm93 ,d y n say t ev]y?+ is necess>y8 ,,selim3 ,if ev]y?+ 7 n necess>y1 x w\ld foll[ t ,god _h made useless ?+s4 ,,osm93 ,t is to say t x 0 necess>y to ! div9e nature to make all t x has made8 ,,selim3 ,i ?9k s1 or at lea/ ,i suspect x2 !re are p :o ?9k o!rwise2 ,i d n und]/& !m2 maybe !y are "r4 ,i am afraid ( disputes on ?is subject4 ,,osm93 ,x is also ( ano!r necess>y t ,i want to talk to y4 ,,selim3 ,:at6 ( :at is necess>y to an hone/ man t he may live8 ( ! mis=tune to :i* "o is r$uc$ :5 "o lacks ! necess>y8 ,,osm93 ,no2 = :at is necess>y to "o is n always necess>y to ! o!r3 x is necess>y = an ,indian to h rice1 = an ,engli%man to h meat2 a fur is necess>y to a ,russian1 & a gauzy /uff to an ,african2 ?is man ?9ks t twelve coa*-horses are necess>y to him1 t man limits himself to a pair ( %oes1 a ?ird walks gaily b>efoot3 ,i want to talk to y ( :at is necess>y to all m54 ,,selim3 ,x seems to me t ,god has giv5 all t is necess>y to ?is species3 eyes to see )1 feet = walk+1 a m\? = eat+1 an oesophagus = swall[+1 a /oma* = dige/+1 a bra9 = reason+1 organs = produc+ "o's fell[ creature4 ,,osm93 ,h[ does x happ5 !n t m5 are born lack+ a "p ( ^! necess>y ?+s8 ,,selim3 ,x is because ! g5]al laws ( nature h br\ght ab\t "s accid5ts :i* h made mon/]s to be born2 b g5]ally man is provid$ ) ev]y?+ t is necess>y to him 9 ord] to live 9 society4 ,,osm93 ,are !re notions common to all m5 :i* s]ve to make !m live 9 society8 ,,selim3 ,yes4 ,i h travell$ ) ,paul ,lucas1 & :]ev] ,i w5t1 ,i saw t p respect$ _! fa!r & _! "m1 t p believ$ !mselves to be oblig$ to keep _! promises1 t p piti$ oppress$ innoc5ts1 t !y hat$ p]secution1 t !y reg>d$ lib]ty ( ?\ght z a rule ( nature1 & ! enemies ( ?is lib]ty z enemies ( ! human race2 ^? :o ?9k diff]5tly seem$ to me badly organiz$ creatures1 mon/]s l ^? :o are born )\t eyes & h&s4 ,,osm93 ,are ^! necess>y ?+s 9 all "t & 9 all places8 ,,selim3 ,yes1 if !y 7 n !y w\ld n be necess>y to ! human species4 ,,osm93 ,s a belief :i* is new is n necess>y to ?is species4 ,m5 c\ld v well live 9 society & accompli% _! duty to ,god1 be=e believ+ t ,mahomet _h frequ5t int]views ) ! angel ,gabriel4 ,,selim3 ,no?+ is cle>]2 x w\ld be ridicul\s to ?9k t man c\ld n accompli% 8 duty to ,god be=e ,mahomet came into ! _w2 x 0 n at all necess>y = ! human species to believe 9 ! ,alcoran3 ! _w w5t along be=e ,mahomet j z x goes along to-day4 ,if ,mahometanism _h be5 necess>y to ! _w1 x w\ld h exi/$ 9 all places2 ,god :o has giv5 u all two eyes to see ! sun1 w\ld h giv5 u all an intellig5ce to see ! tru? ( ! ,mussulman religion4 ,?is sect is !re=e only l ! positive laws t *ange accord+ to "t & place1 l ! fa%ions1 l ! op9ions ( ! natural philosoph]s :i* foll[ "o aft] ! o!r4 ,! ,mussulman sect c\ld n be ess5tially necess>y to mank9d4 ,,osm93 ,b s9ce x exi/s1 ,god has p]mitt$ x8 ,,selim3 ,yes1 z he p]mits ! _w to be fill$ ) fooli%ness1 error & calamity2 t is n to say t m5 are all ess5tially made to be fools & miscreants4 ,he p]mits t "s m5 be eat5 by snakes2 b "o _c say--,god made man to be eat5 by snakes4 ,,osm93 ,:at d y mean :5 y say ,god p]mits8 c no?+ happ5 )\t ,8 ord]8 p]mit1 w & d1 are !y n ! same ?+ = ,him8 ,,selim3 ,he p]mits crime1 b ,he does n commit x4 ,,osm93 ,committ+ a crime is act+ aga9/ div9e ju/ice1 x is disobey+ ,god4 ,well1 ,god _c disobey ,himself1 ,he _c commit crime2 b ,he has made man 9 su* a way t man may commit _m crimes3 :]e does t come f8 ,,selim3 ,!re are p :o "k1 b ,i d n2 all t ,i "k is t ! ,alcoran is ridicul\s1 al?\gh f "t to "t x has "s tol]ably good ?+s2 c]ta9ly ! ,alcoran 0 n at all necess>y to man2 ,i /ick by t3 ,i see cle>ly :at is false1 & ,i "k v little t is true4 ,,osm93 ,i ?\ght y w\ld in/ruct me1 & y tea* me no?+4 ,,selim3 ,is x n a great deal to recognize p :o deceive y1 & ! gross & dang]\s errors :i* !y retail to y8 ,,osm93 ,i %\ld h gr\nd = compla9t aga9/ a doctor :o %[$ me all ! h>mful plants1 & :o did n %[ me "o salut>y plant4 ,,selim3 ,i am n a doctor1 & y are n ill2 b x seems to me ,i %\ld be giv+ y a v good prescription if ,i said to y3 ,put n y\r tru/ 9 all ! inv5tions ( *>latans1 wor%ip ,god1 be an hone/ man1 & believe t two & two make f\r4 ,,new ,,novelties ,x seems t ! fir/ words ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 ,9 nova f]t animus1 are ! motto ( ! human race4 ,nobody is t\*$ by ! admirable spectacle ( ! sun :i* rises1 or r seems to rise1 e day2 ev]ybody runs to see ! smalle/ little meteor :i* appe>s = an in/ant 9 t accumulation ( vap\rs1 call$ ! sky1 t surr\nd ! e>?4 ,an it9]ant booksell] does n burd5 himself ) a ,virgil1 ) a ,horace1 b ) a new book1 ev5 ?\gh x be dete/able4 ,he draws y aside & says to y3 ,sir1 d y want "s books f ,holl&8 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w wom5 h compla9$ ( ! fickl5ess t is imput$ to !m 9 fav\r ( ! fir/ new object :i* pres5ts itself1 & ^: novelty is (t5 its only m]it4 ,_m ladies 7x mu/ be confess$1 despite ! inf9ite respect we h = !m7 h treat$ m5 z !y compla9 !y h !mselves be5 treat$2 & ! /ory ( ,gioconda is mu* old] ?an ,ario/o4 ,p]haps ?is univ]sal ta/e = novelty is "o ( nature's fav\rs4 ,p cry to u3 ,be cont5t ) :at y h1 desire no?+ t is beyond y\r e/ate1 re/ra9 y\r curiosity1 tame y\r intellectual disquiet4 ,^! are v good maxims2 b if we _h always foll[$ !m1 we %\ld /ill be eat+ acorns1 we %\ld be sleep+ 9 ! op5 air1 & we %\ld n h _h ,corneille1 ,rac9e1 ,molire1 ,p\ss91 ,lebrun1 ,lemo9e or ,pigalle4 ,,philosoph] ,philosoph]1 lov] ( wisdom1 t is to say1 ( tru?4 ,all philosoph]s h _h ?is dual "*2 !re is n "o 9 antiquity :o has n giv5 mank9d examples ( virtue & lessons 9 moral tru?s4 ,!y h all contriv$ to be deceiv$ ab\t natural philosophy2 b natural philosophy is s little necess>y = ! conduct ( life1 t ! philosoph]s _h no ne$ ( x4 ,x has tak5 c5turies to le>n a "p ( nature's laws4 ,"o day 0 suffici5t = a wise man to le>n ! duties ( man4 ,! philosoph] is n en?usia/ic2 he does n set himself up z a prophet2 he does n say t he is inspir$ by ! gods4 ,?us ,i %all n put 9 ! rank ( philosoph]s ei!r ! anci5t ,z>a?u/ra1 or ,h]mes1 or ! anci5t ,orpheus1 or any ( ^? legislators ( :om ! nations ( ,*aldea1 ,p]sia1 ,syria1 ,egypt & ,greece boa/$4 ,^? :o /yl$ !mselves *ildr5 ( ! gods 7 ! fa!rs ( impo/ure2 & if !y us$ lies = ! tea*+ ( tru?s1 !y 7 unwor?y ( tea*+ !m2 !y 7 n philosoph]s2 !y 7 at be/ v prud5t li>s4 ,by :at fatality1 %ameful maybe = ! ,we/]n peoples1 is x necess>y to g to ! f> ,ori5t to f9d a wise man :o is simple1 uno/5tati\s1 free f impo/ure1 :o taught m5 to live happily six hundr$ ye>s be=e our vulg> era1 at a "t :5 ! :ole ( ! ,nor? 0 ignorant ( ! usage ( lett]s1 & :5 ! ,greeks 7 b>ely beg9n+ to di/+ui% !mselves by _! wisdom8 ,?is wise man is ,confucius1 :o be+ legislator nev] want$ to deceive m54 ,:at m beautiful rule ( conduct has ev] be5 giv5 s9ce him 9 ! :ole _w8 ,rule a /ate z y rule a family2 "o c only gov]n "o's family well by sett+ ! example4 ,virtue %\ld be common to bo? husb&man & mon>*4 ,apply ?yself to ! tr\ble ( prev5t+ crimes 9 ord] to less5 ! tr\ble ( puni%+ !m4 ,"u ! good k+s ,yao & ,xu ! ,*9ese 7 good2 "u ! bad k+s ,kie & ,*u !y 7 wick$4 ,d to o!rs z to ?yself4 ,love all m52 b *]i% hone/ p4 ,=get injuries1 & nev] k9dnesses4 ,i h se5 m5 incapable ( /udy2 ,i h nev] se5 !m incapable ( virtue4 ,let u admit t !re is no legislator :o has proclaim$ tru?s m useful to ! human race4 ,a ho/ ( ,greek philosoph]s h s9ce taught an equally pure moral philosophy4 ,if !y _h limit$ !mselves to _! empty sy/ems ( natural philosophy1 _! names w\ld be pron\nc$ to-day 9 mock]y only4 ,if !y are /ill respect$1 x is because !y 7 j & t !y taught m5 to be s4 ,"o _c read c]ta9 passages ( ,plato1 & notably ! admirable exordium ( ! laws ( ,zaleucus1 )\t feel+ 9 "o's he>t ! love ( hon\rable & g5]\s actions4 ,! ,romans h _! ,cic]o1 :o alone is wor? p]haps all ! philosoph]s ( ,greece4 ,aft] him come m5 /ill m wor?y ( respect1 b :om "o almo/ despairs ( imitat+2 ,epictetus 9 bondage1 ! ,anton9es & ! ,julians on ! ?rone4 ,:i* is ! citiz5 among u :o w\ld deprive himself1 l ,julian1 ,anton9us & ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ( all ! delicacies ( our flabby & effem9ate lives8 :o w\ld sleep z !y did on ! gr\nd8 :o w\ld impose on himself _! frugality8 :o1 z !y did1 w\ld m>* b>efoot & b>ehead$ at ! head ( ! armies1 expos$ n[ to ! heat ( ! sun1 n[ to ! ho>-fro/8 :o w\ld comm& all _! passions z !y did8 ,!re are pi\s m5 among u2 b :]e are ! wise m58 :]e are ! resolute1 j & tol]ant s\ls8 ,!re h be5 philosoph]s ( ! /udy 9 ,france2 & all1 except ,montaigne1 h be5 p]secut$4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 ! la/ degree ( ! malignity ( our nature1 to wi% to oppress ^! v philosoph]s :o w\ld correct x4 ,i q und]/& t ! fanatics ( "o sect slaught] ! en?usia/s ( ano!r sect1 t ! ,franciscans hate ! ,dom9icans1 & t a bad arti/ intrigues to ru9 "o :o surpasses him2 b t ! wise ,*>ron %\ld h be5 ?reat5$ ) ! loss ( 8 life1 t ! le>n$ & g5]\s ,ramus %\ld h be5 assass9at$1 t ,desc>tes %\ld h be5 =c$ to flee to ,holl& to escape ! fury ( ! ignorant1 t ,gass5di %\ld h be5 oblig$ to )draw sev]al times to ,digne1 f> f ! calumnies ( ,p>is2 ^! ?+s are a nation's et]nal %ame4 ,,p[]1 ,,omnipot5ce ,i suppose t ! man :o reads ?is article is conv9c$ t ?is _w is =m$ ) intellig5ce1 & t a little a/ronomy & anatomy suffices to make ?is univ]sal & supreme intellig5ce admir$4 ,c he "k by himself if ?is intellig5ce is omnipot5t1 t is to say1 inf9itely p[]ful8 ,has he ! lea/ notion ( ! inf9ite1 to und]/& :at is an inf9ite p[]8 ,! celebrat$ hi/orian philosoph]1 ,david ,hume1 says 9 ,p>ticul> ,provid5ce3 ,a weight ( t5 ounces is lift$ 9 a balance by ano!r weight2 !re=e ?is o!r weight is ( m ?an t5 ounces2 b "o c adduce no reason :y x %\ld weigh a hundr$ ounces4 ,"o c say likewise3 ,y recognize a supreme intellig5ce /rong en\gh to =m y1 to pres]ve y = a limit$ "t1 to rew>d y1 to puni% y4 ,d y "k en\gh ( ?is p[] to demon/rate t x c d /ill m8 ,h[ c y prove by y\r reason t ?is be+ c d m ?an he has done8 ,! life ( all animals is %ort4 ,c\ld he make x long]8 ,all animals are ! prey ( ea* o!r3 ev]y?+ is born to be dev\r$4 ,c\ld he =m )\t de/roy+8 ,y d n "k :at nature is4 ,y _c !re=e "k if nature has n =c$ him to d only ! ?+s he has done4 ,?is globe is only a va/ field ( de/ruction & c>nage4 ,ei!r ! great ,be+ has be5 able to make ( x an et]nal abode ( delight = all s5ti5t be+s1 or ,he has n be5 able4 ,if ,he has be5 able & if ,he has n done s1 fe> to reg>d him z malevol5t2 b if ,he has n be5 able1 fe> n to look on ,him z a v great p[]1 circumscrib$ by nature 9 ,8 limits4 ,:e!r or no ,8 p[] is inf9ite does n reg>d y4 ,x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce to a subject :e!r 8 ma/] possesses five hundr$ leagues ( l& or five ?\s&2 he is subject nei!r m nor less4 ,:i* w\ld be ! great] insult to ?is ineffable ,be+1 to say3 ,he has made mis]able m5 )\t be+ able to disp5se ) !m1 or ,he has made !m = ,8 pleasure8 ,_m sects repres5t ,him z cruel2 o!rs1 = fe> ( admitt+ a wick$ ,god1 h ! audacity to d5y ,8 exi/5ce4 ,is x n bett] to say t probably ! necessity ( ,8 nature & ! necessity ( ?+s h det]m9$ ev]y?+8 ,! _w is ! !atre ( moral ill & physical ill2 "o is only too aw>e ( x3 & ! ,all is good ( ,%aftesbury1 ,bol+broke & ,pope1 is only a witty p>adox1 a poor joke4 ,! two pr9ciples ( ,z>a?u/ra & ,manes1 s c>efully scrut9iz$ by ,bayle1 are a /ill poor] joke4 ,!y are1 z has be5 obs]v$ already1 ,molire's two doctors1 "o ( :om says to ! o!r3 ,grant me ! emetic1 & ,i w grant y ! ble$+4 ,mani*ism is absurd2 & t is :y x has _h s _m support]s4 ,i admit t ,i h n be5 enlight5$ by all t ,bayle says ab\t ! ,mani*ans & ! ,paulicians4 ,t is controv]sy2 ,i w\ld h pref]r$ pure philosophy4 ,:y discuss our my/]ies beside ,z>a?u/ra's8 ,z soon z y d>e to treat ( our my/]ies1 :i* ne$ only fai? & no reason+1 y op5 precipices = y\rself4 ,! tra% 9 our s*ola/ic !ology has no?+ to d ) ! tra% 9 ,z>a?u/ra's rev]ies4 ,:y debate orig9al s9 ) ,z>a?u/ra8 ,!re 0 nev] any "q ( x save 9 ,/4 ,augu/9e's "t4 ,nei!r ,z>a?u/ra nor any legislator ( antiquity _h ev] he>d speak ( x4 ,if y dispute ) ,z>a?u/ra1 put "u lock & key ! old & ! new ,te/am5ts :i* he did n "k1 & :i* "o mu/ rev]e )\t desir+ to expla9 !m4 ,:at !n %\ld ,i h said to ,z>a?u/ra8 ,my reason _c admit two gods :o fight1 t is good only 9 a poem :]e ,m9]va qu>rels ) ,m>s4 ,my feeble reason is mu* m cont5t ) a s+le great ,be+1 ^: ess5ce 0 to make1 & :o has made all t nature has p]mitt$ ,him1 ?an x is satisfi$ ) two great ,be+s1 "o ( :om spoils ! works ( ! o!r4 ,y\r bad pr9ciple ,ahriman1 has n be5 able to upset a s+le "o ( ! a/ronomical & physical laws ( ! good pr9ciple ,ormuzd2 ev]y?+ progresses 9 ! heav5s ) ! greate/ regul>ity4 ,:y %\ld ! wick$ ,ahriman h _h p[] ov] ?is little globe ( ! _w8 ,if ,i _h be5 ,ahriman1 ,i %\ld h attack$ ,ormuzd 9 8 f9e gr& prov9ces ( s _m suns & />s4 ,i %\ld n h limit$ myself to mak+ w> on him 9 a little village4 ,!re is mu* evil 9 ?is village3 b :5ce h y ! k t ?is evil is n inevitable8 ,y are =c$ to admit an intellig5ce diffus$ ov] ! univ]se2 b 7#a7 d y "k1 = in/ance1 if ?is p[] rea*es "r to =esee+ ! future8 ,y h ass]t$ x a ?\s& times2 b y h nev] be5 able ei!r to prove x1 or to und]/& x4 ,y _c "k h[ any be+ :atev] sees :at is n4 ,well1 ! future is n2 !re=e no be+ c see x4 ,y are r$uc$ to say+ t ,he =esees x2 b =esee+ is conjectur+4 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ! ,soc9ians4 ,well1 a ,god :o1 accord+ to y1 conjectures1 c be mi/ak54 ,9 y\r sy/em ,he is really mi/ak52 = if ,he _h =ese5 t ,8 enemy w\ld poison all ,8 works "h bel[1 ,he w\ld n h produc$ !m2 ,he w\ld n h prep>$ = ,himself ! %ame ( be+ cont9ually vanqui%$4 7#b7 ,d ,i n d ,him mu* m hon\r by say+ t ,he has made ev]y?+ by ! necessity ( ,8 nature1 ?an y d ,him by rais+ an enemy :o disfigures1 :o soils1 :o de/roys all ,8 works "h bel[8 7#c7 ,x is n to h an unwor?y idea ( ,god to say t1 hav+ =m$ ?\s&s ( millions ( worlds :]e dea? & evil d n dwell1 x 0 necess>y t evil & dea? %\ld dwell 9 ?is _w4 7#d7 ,x is n to disp>age ,god to say t ,he c\ld n =m man )\t giv+ him self-e/eem2 t ?is self-e/eem c\ld n lead him )\t misguid+ him almo/ always2 t 8 passions are necess>y1 b t !y are disa/r\s2 t propagation _c be execut$ )\t desire2 t desire _c animate man )\t qu>rels2 t ^! qu>rels necess>ily br+ w>s 9 _! tra91 etc4 7#e7 ,:5 he sees "p ( ! comb9ations ( ! animal1 vegetable & m9]al k+doms1 & ?is globe pi]c$ ev]y:]e l a sieve1 f :i* escape 9 cr[ds s _m exhalations1 :at philosoph] w be bold en\gh1 :at s*ola/ic fooli% en\gh to see cle>ly t nature c\ld /op ! effects ( volcanoes1 ! inclem5cies ( ! atmosph]e1 ! viol5ce ( ! w9ds1 ! plagues1 & all ! de/ructive sc\rges8 7#f7 ,"o mu/ be v p[]ful1 v /rong1 v indu/ri\s1 to h =m$ lions :i* dev\r bulls1 & to h produc$ m5 :o inv5t arms to kill at "o bl[1 n only bulls & lions1 b ev5 ea* o!r4 ,"o mu/ be v p[]ful to h caus$ to be born spid]s :i* sp9 webs to cat* flies2 b t is n to be omnipot5t1 inf9itely p[]ful4 7#g7 ,if ! great ,be+ _h be5 inf9itely p[]ful1 !re is no reason :y ,he %\ld n h made s5ti5t animals inf9itely happy2 ,he has n done s1 !re=e ,he 0 n able4 7#h7 ,all ! sects ( ! philosoph]s h /r&$ on ! reef ( moral & physical ill4 ,x only rema9s to av[ t ,god hav+ act$ = ! be/ has n be5 able to act bett]4 7#i7 ,?is necessity settles all ! difficulties & f9i%es all ! disputes4 ,we h n ! impud5ce to say--,all is good4 ,we say--,all is ! lea/ bad t is possible4 7#aj7 ,:y does a *ild (t5 die 9 its "m's womb8 ,:y is ano!r :o has _h ! mis=tune to be born1 res]v$ = torm5ts z long z 8 life1 t]m9at$ by a frightful dea?8 ,:y has ! s\rce ( life be5 poison$ all ov] ! _w s9ce ! discov]y ( ,am]ica8 :y s9ce ! sev5? c5tury ( our era does smallpox c>ry (f ! eigh? "p ( ! human race8 :y s9ce all "t h bladd]s be5 subject to be+ /one qu>ries8 :y ! plague1 w>1 fam9e1 ! inquisition8 ,turn 9 e direction1 y w f9d no o!r solution ?an t ev]y?+ has be5 necess>y4 ,i speak "h to philosoph]s only & n to !ologians4 ,we "k well t fai? is ! ?read 9 ! labyr9?4 ,we "k t ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve1 orig9al s91 ! imm5se p[] giv5 to ! devil1 ! pr$ilection accord$ by ! great ,be+ to ! ,jewi% p1 & ! baptism sub/itut$ = ! amputation ( ! prepuce1 are ! answ]s :i* expla9 ev]y?+4 ,we h argu$ only aga9/ ,z>a?u/ra & n aga9/ ! univ]sity ( ,conimbre or ,combre1 to :i* we submit 9 our articles4 ,,pray]s ,we d n "k any religion )\t pray]s1 ev5 ! ,jews _h "s1 al?\gh !re 0 n among !m any public =m1 until ! "t :5 !y sang canticles 9 _! synagogues1 :i* happ5$ v late4 ,all m51 9 _! desires & _! fe>s1 invok$ ! aid ( a deity4 ,"s philosoph]s1 m respectful to ! ,supreme ,be+1 & less condesc5d+ to human frailty1 = all pray] desir$ only resignation4 ,x is inde$ :at seems prop] z betwe5 creature & creator4 ,b philosophy is n made to gov]n ! _w2 %e rises above ! common h]d2 %e speaks a language t ! cr[d _c und]/&4 ,x w\ld be sugge/+ to fi%wives t !y %\ld /udy conic sections4 ,ev5 among ! philosoph]s1 ,i d n believe t anyone ap>t f ,maximus ( ,tyre has treat$ ( ?is matt]2 ?is is ! sub/ance ( ,maximus' ideas4 ,! ,et]nal has ,8 int5tions f all et]nity4 ,if pray] accords ) ,8 immutable wi%es1 x is q useless to ask ( ,him :at ,he has resolv$ to d4 ,if "o prays ,him to d ! contr>y ( :at ,he has resolv$1 x is pray+ ,him to be weak1 frivol\s1 incon/ant2 x is believ+ t ,he is ?us1 x is to mock ,him4 ,ei!r y ask ,him a j ?+2 9 ?is case ,he mu/ d x1 & ! ?+ w be done )\t y\r pray+ ,him = x2 entreat+ ,him is ev5 to di/ru/ ,him3 or ! ?+ is unju/1 & !n y outrage ,him4 ,y are wor?y or unwor?y ( ! grace y implore3 if wor?y1 ,he kn[s x bett] ?an y2 if unwor?y1 y commit a crime ! m 9 ask+ = :at y d n des]ve4 ,9 a ^w1 we pray to ,god only because we h made ,him 9 our own image4 ,we treat ,him l a pa%a1 l a sultan :om "o may provoke & appease4 ,9 %ort1 all nations pray to ,god3 wise m5 resign !mselves & obey ,him4 ,let u pray ) ! p1 & resign ourselves ) ! wise m54 ,,pr,,cis ,,( ,,anci5t ,,philosophy ,i h sp5t ne>ly =ty ye>s ( my pilgrimage 9 two or ?ree corn]s ( ?is _w seek+ ! philosoph]'s /one t is call$ ,tru?4 ,i h consult$ all ! adepts ( antiquity1 ,epicurus & ,augu/9e1 ,plato & ,malebran*e1 & ,i h rema9$ 9 my pov]ty4 ,maybe 9 all ^! philosoph]s' crucibles !re are "o or two ounces ( gold2 b all ! re/ is residue1 dull mud1 f :i* no?+ c be born4 ,x seems to me t ! ,greeks our ma/]s wrote mu* m to %[ _! intellig5ce ?an t !y us$ _! intellig5ce 9 ord] to le>n4 ,i d n see a s+le au?or ( antiquity :o _h a coh]5t sy/em1 a cle>1 me?odical sy/em progress+ f consequ5ce to consequ5ce4 ,:5 ,i want$ to comp>e & comb9e ! sy/ems ( ,plato1 ( ! preceptor ( ,alex&]1 ( ,py?agoras & ( ! ,ori5tals1 "h1 m or less1 is :at ,i 0 able to ga!r3 ,*ance is a ^w empty ( s5se2 no?+ c exi/ )\t a cause4 ,! _w is arrang$ accord+ to ma!matical laws2 x is !re=e arrang$ by an intellig5ce4 ,x is n an intellig5t be+ su* z ,i am1 :o direct$ ! =mation ( ?is _w1 = ,i _c =m a mite2 !re=e ?is _w is ! "w ( a prodigi\sly sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,does ?is be+1 :o possesses intellig5ce & p[] 9 s high a degree1 exi/ necess>ily8 ,x mu/ be s1 = ei!r ! be+ receiv$ exi/5ce f ano!r1 or f its own nature4 ,if ! be+ receiv$ exi/5ce f ano!r1 :i* is v difficult to imag9e1 ,i mu/ h rec\rse to ?is o!r1 & ?is o!r w be ! prime au?or4 ,to :i*ev] side ,i turn ,i h to admit a prime au?or1 pot5t & intellig5t1 :o is su* necess>ily by 8 own nature4 ,did ?is prime au?or produce ?+s out ( no?+8 t is n imag9able2 to create out ( no?+ is to *ange no?+ into some?+4 ,i mu/ n admit su* a production unless ,i f9d inv9cible reasons :i* =ce me to admit :at my intellig5ce c nev] compreh5d4 ,all t exi/s appe>s to exi/ necess>ily1 s9ce x exi/s4 ,= if to-day !re is a reason = ! exi/5ce ( ?+s1 !re 0 "o ye/]day1 !re 0 "o 9 all "t2 & ?is cause mu/ always h _h its effect1 )\t :i* x w\ld h be5 dur+ et]nity a useless cause4 ,b h[ %all ?+s h always exi/$1 be+ visibly "u ! h& ( ! prime au?or8 ,?is p[] !re=e mu/ always h act$2 9 ! same way1 ne>ly1 t !re is no sun )\t light1 s !re is no movem5t )\t a be+ t passes f "o po9t ( space to ano!r po9t4 ,!re is !re=e a pot5t & intellig5t be+ :o has always act$2 & if ?is be+ _h nev] act$1 ( :at use w\ld 8 exi/5ce h be5 to him8 ,all ?+s are !re=e et]nal emanations ( ?is prime au?or4 ,b h[ imag9e t /one & mud are emanations ( ! et]nal ,be+1 pot5t & intellig5t8 ,( two ?+s "o1 ei!r ! matt] ( ?is /one & ?is mud exi/ necess>ily by !mselves1 or !y exi/ necess>ily ?r\gh ?is prime au?or2 !re is no middle c\rse4 ,?us1 !re=e1 !re are only two *oices to make1 admit ei!r matt] et]nal by itself1 or matt] issu+ et]nally f ! pot5t1 intellig5t et]nal ,be+4 ,b1 ei!r subsi/+ by its own nature1 or emanat$ f ! produc+ ,be+1 x exi/s f all et]nity1 because x exi/s1 & !re is no reason :y x %\ld n h exi/$ be=e4 ,if matt] is et]nally necess>y1 x is !re=e impossible1 x is !re=e contradictory t x does n exi/2 b :at man c affirm t x is impossible1 t x is contradictory t ?is pebble & ?is fly h n exi/5ce8 ,"o is1 nev]!less1 =c$ to suppress ?is difficulty :i* a/oni%es ! imag9ation m ?an x contradicts ! pr9ciples ( reason+4 ,9 fact1 z soon z y h imag9$ t ev]y?+ has emanat$ f ! supreme & intellig5t ,be+1 t no?+ has emanat$ f ! ,be+ )\t reason1 t ?is ,be+ exi/+ always1 mu/ always h act$1 t consequ5tly all ?+s mu/ h et]nally issu$ f ! womb ( ,8 exi/5ce1 y %\ld no m refuse to believe 9 ! matt] ( :i* ?is pebble & ?is fly1 an et]nal production1 are =m$1 ?an y refuse to imag9e light z an et]nal emanation f ! omnipot5t ,be+4 ,s9ce ,i am a be+ ) ext5sion & ?\ght1 my ext5sion & my ?\ght are !re=e necess>y productions ( ?is ,be+4 ,x is evid5t to me t ,i _c give myself ei!r ext5sion or ?\ght4 ,i h !re=e receiv$ bo? f ?is necess>y ,be+4 ,c ,he give me :at ,he has n8 ,i h intellig5ce & ,i am 9 space2 !re=e ,he is intellig5t1 & ,he is 9 space4 ,to say t ?is et]nal ,be+1 ?is omnipot5t ,god1 has f all "t necess>ily fill$ ! univ]se ) ,8 productions1 is n to deprive ,him ( ,8 lib]ty2 on ! contr>y1 = lib]ty is only ! p[] ( act+4 ,god has always act$ to ! full2 !re=e ,god has always made use ( ! fullness ( ,8 lib]ty4 ,! lib]ty t is call$ lib]ty ( indiff]5ce is a phrase )\t idea1 an absurdity2 = x w\ld be det]m9ation )\t reason2 x w\ld be an effect )\t a cause4 ,!re=e1 ,god _c h ?is s-call$ lib]ty :i* is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,he has !re=e always act$ ?r\gh ?is same necessity :i* makes ,8 exi/5ce4 ,x is !re=e impossible = ! _w to be )\t ,god1 x is impossible = ,god to be )\t ! _w4 ,?is _w is fill$ ) be+s :o succe$ ea* o!r1 !re=e ,god has always produc$ be+s :o succe$ ea* o!r4 ,^! prelim9>y ass]tions are ! basis ( ! anci5t ,ori5tal philosophy & ( t ( ! ,greeks4 ,"o mu/ except ,democritus & ,epicurus1 ^: corpuscul> philosophy combat$ ^! dogmas4 ,b let u rem>k t ! ,epicureans reli$ on an entirely errone\s natural philosophy1 & t ! metaphysical sy/em ( all ! o!r philosoph]s holds good ) all ! sy/ems ( natural philosophy4 ,! :ole ( nature1 except+ ! vacuum1 contradicts ,epicurus2 & no ph5om5on contradicts ! philosophy :i* ,i h j expla9$4 ,well1 is n a philosophy :i* is 9 accord ) all t passes 9 nature1 & :i* cont5ts ! mo/ c>eful m9ds1 sup]ior to all o!r non-reveal$ sy/ems8 ,aft] ! ass]tions ( ! anci5t philosoph]s1 :i* ,i h reconcil$ z f> z has be5 possible = me1 :at is left to u8 a *aos ( d\bts & *im]as4 ,i d n ?9k t !re has ev] be5 a philosoph] ) a sy/em :o did n at ! end ( 8 life av[ t he _h wa/$ 8 "t4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! inv5tors ( ! me*anical arts h be5 mu* m useful to mank9d ?an ! inv5tors ( syllogisms3 ! man :o inv5t$ ! %uttle surpasses ) a v5geance ! man :o imag9$ innate ideas4 ,,prejudices ,prejudice is an op9ion )\t judgm5t4 ,?us all ov] ! _w d p inspire *ildr5 ) all ! op9ions !y desire1 be=e ! *ildr5 c judge4 ,!re are "s univ]sal1 necess>y prejudices1 :i* ev5 make virtue4 ,9 all c\ntries *ildr5 are taught to recognize a rew>d+ & rev5g+ ,god2 to respect & love _! fa!r & _! "m2 to look on !ft z a crime1 selfi% ly+ z a vice be=e !y c guess :at is a vice & :at a virtue4 ,!re are !n "s v good prejudices2 !y are ^? :i* are ratifi$ by judgm5t :5 "o reasons4 ,s5tim5t is n a simple prejudice2 x is some?+ mu* /rong]4 ,a "m does n love h] son because %e has be5 told %e mu/ love him2 %e *]i%es him happily 9 spite ( h]self4 ,x is n ?r\gh prejudice t y run to ! help ( an unkn[n *ild ab\t to fall into a precipice1 or be eat5 by a bea/4 ,b x is ?r\gh prejudice t y w respect a man clad 9 c]ta9 clo!s1 walk+ gravely1 speak+ likewise4 ,y\r p>5ts h told y t y %\ld b[ be=e ?is man2 y respect him be=e kn[+ :e!r he m]its y\r respect2 y gr[ 9 ye>s & 9 k2 y p]ceive t ?is man is a *>latan /eep$ 9 arrogance1 self-int]e/ & artifice2 y despise :at y rev]$1 & ! prejudice c$es to judgm5t4 ,?r\gh prejudice y h believ$ ! fables ) :i* y\r *ildhood 0 cradl$2 y h be5 told t ! ,titans made w> on ! gods1 & ,v5us 0 amor\s ( ,adonis2 :5 y are twelve y accept ^! fables z tru?s2 :5 y are tw5ty y look on !m z +5i\s allegories4 ,let u exam9e briefly ! diff]5t sorts ( prejudices1 s z to set our affairs 9 ord]4 ,we %all be p]haps l ^? :o1 at ! "t ( ,law's sy/em1 p]ceiv$ t !y _h calculat$ imag9>y ri*es4 ,,prejudices ,,( ,,! ,,s5ses ,is x n /range t our eyes always deceive u1 ev5 :5 we h v good sight1 & t on ! contr>y our e>s d n deceive u8 ,let y\r well-in=m$ e> he> ,y are beautiful1 ,i love y2 x is q c]ta9 t someone has n said ,i hate y1 y are ugly3 b y see a smoo? mirror2 x is demon/rat$ t y are mi/ak51 x has a v unev5 surface4 ,y see ! sun z ab\t two feet 9 diamet]2 x is demon/rat$ t x is a million times bigg] ?an ! e>?4 ,x seems t ,god has put tru? 9 y\r e>s1 & error 9 y\r eyes2 b /udy optics1 & y w see t ,god has n deceiv$ y1 & t x is impossible = objects to appe> to y o!rwise ?an y see !m 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,,physical ,,prejudices ,! sun rises1 ! moon also1 ! e>? is motionless3 ^! are natural physical prejudices4 ,b t lob/]s are good = ! blood1 because :5 cook$ !y are r$2 t eels cure p>alysis because !y wriggle2 t ! moon affects our maladies because "o day someone obs]v$ t a sick man _h an increase ( fev] dur+ ! wan+ ( ! moon2 ^! ideas & a ?\s& o!rs are ! errors ( anci5t *>latans :o judg$ )\t reason+1 & :o1 be+ deceiv$1 deceiv$ o!rs4 ,,hi/orical ,,prejudices ,mo/ hi/orical /ories h be5 believ$ )\t exam9ation1 & ?is belief is a prejudice4 ,fabius ,pictor relates t _m c5turies be=e him1 a ve/al ( ! t[n ( ,alba1 go+ to draw wat] 9 h] pit*]1 0 ravi%$1 t %e gave bir? to ,romulus & ,remus1 t !y 7 f$ by a %e-wolf1 etc4 ,! ,roman p believ$ ?is fable2 !y did n exam9e :e!r at t "t !re 7 ve/als 9 ,latium1 :e!r x 7 probable t a k+'s daught] w\ld leave h] conv5t ) h] pit*]1 :e!r x 7 likely t a %e-wolf w\ld suckle two *ildr5 in/ead ( eat+ !m2 ! prejudice e/abli%$ itself4 ,a monk writes t ,clovis1 be+ 9 great dang] at ! battle ( ,tolbiac1 made a v[ to turn ,*ri/ian if he escap$2 b is x natural to address oneself to a =eign god on su* an occasion8 is x n !n t ! religion 9 :i* "o 0 born acts mo/ pot5tly8 ,:i* is ! ,*ri/ian :o1 9 a battle aga9/ ! ,turks1 w n address himself to ! ,holy ,virg9 r ?an to ,mohamm$8 ,x is add$ t a pigeon br\ght ! holy phial 9 its beak to ano9t ,clovis1 & t an angel br\ght ! oriflamme to lead him2 prejudice believ$ all ! little /ories ( ?is k9d4 ,^? :o und]/& human nature "k well t ,clovis ! usurp] & ,rolon 7or ,rol7 ! usurp] turn$ ,*ri/ian 9 ord] to gov]n ! ,*ri/ians m surely1 j z ! ,turki% usurp]s turn$ ,mussulman 9 ord] to gov]n ! ,mussulmans m surely4 ,,religi\s ,,prejudices ,if y\r nurse has told y t ,c]es rules ov] ! crops1 or t ,vi/n\ & ,xaca made !mselves m5 sev]al times1 or t ,sammonocodom came to cut d[n a =e/1 or t ,od9 awaits y 9 8 hall ne> ,jutl&1 or t ,mohamm$ or somebody else made a j\rney into ! sky2 if la/ly y\r tutor comes to drive into y\r bra9 :at y\r nurse has impr9t$ on x y keep x = life4 ,if y\r judgm5t wi%es to rise aga9/ ^! prejudices1 y\r neighb\rs &1 above all1 y\r neighb\rs' wives cry out ,impi\s reprobate1 & dismay y2 y\r d]vi%1 fe>+ to see 8 income dim9i%1 accuses y to ! cadi1 & ?is cadi has y impal$ if he c1 because he likes rul+ ov] fools1 & ?9ks t fools obey bett] ?an o!rs3 & t w la/ until y\r neighb\rs & ! d]vi% & ! cadi beg9 to und]/& t fooli%ness is good = no?+1 & t p]secution is abom9able4 ,,r>e ,r>e 9 natural philosophy is ! opposite ( d5se4 ,9 moral philosophy1 x is ! opposite ( common4 ,?is la/ v>iety ( r>e is :at excites admiration4 ,"o nev] admires :at is common1 "o enjoys x4 ,an ecc5tric ?9ks himself above ! re/ ( wret*$ mortals :5 he has 9 8 /udy a r>e m$al t is good = no?+1 a r>e book t nobody has ! c\rage to read1 an old engrav+ by ,albre*t ,dur]1 badly design$ & badly pr9t$3 he triumphs if he has 9 8 g>d5 a /unt$ tree f ,am]ica4 ,?is ecc5tric has no ta/e2 he has only vanity4 ,he has he>d say t ! beautiful is r>e2 b he %\ld "k t all t is r>e is n beautiful4 ,beauty is r>e 9 all nature's works1 & 9 all works ( art4 ,:atev] ill ?+s h be5 said ( wom51 ,i ma9ta9 t x is r>] to f9d wom5 p]fectly beautiful ?an passibly good4 ,y w meet 9 ! c\ntry t5 ?\s& wom5 atta*$ to _! homes1 labori\s1 sob]1 fe$+1 re>+1 tea*+ _! *ildr52 & y w f9d b>ely "o :om y c\ld %[ at ! !atres ( ,p>is1 ,london1 ,naples1 or 9 ! public g>d5s1 & :o w\ld be look$ on z a beauty4 ,likewise1 9 works ( art1 y h t5 ?\s& daubs & scrawls to "o ma/]piece4 ,if ev]y?+ 7 beautiful & good1 x is cle> t "o w\ld no long] admire any?+2 "o w\ld enjoy4 ,b w\ld "o h pleasure 9 enjoy+8 t is a big "q4 ,:y h ! beautiful passages 9 ,! ,cid1 ,! ,horaces1 ,c9na1 _h su* a prodigi\s success8 ,because 9 ! pr(\nd night 9 :i* p 7 plung$1 !y sudd5ly saw %9e a new light t !y did n expect4 ,x 0 because ?is beauty 0 ! r>e/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! groves ( ,v]sailles 7 a beauty unique 9 ! _w1 z 7 !n c]ta9 passages ( ,corneille4 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,rome1 is unique4 ,b let u suppose t all ! *ur*es ( ,europe 7 equal to ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,rome1 t all /atues 7 ,v5us dei ,m$ici1 t all trag$ies 7 z beautiful z ,rac9e's ,iphignie1 all works ( poetry z well writt5 z ,boileau's ,art ,potique1 all com$ies z good z ,t>tufe1 & ?us 9 e sph]e2 w\ld y !n h z mu* pleasure 9 enjoy+ ma/]pieces become common z !y made y ta/e :5 !y 7 r>e8 ,i say boldly ,no62 & ,i believe t ! anci5t s*ool1 :i* s r>ely 0 "r1 0 "r :5 x said3 ,ab assuetis non fit passio1 habit does n make passion4 ,b1 my de> read]1 w x be ! same ) ! works ( nature8 ,w y be disgu/$ if all ! maids are s beautiful z ,hel52 & y1 ladies1 if all ! lads are l ,p>is8 ,let u suppose t all w9es are excell5t1 w y h less desire to dr9k8 if ! p>tridges1 pheasants1 pullets are common at all times1 w y h less appetite8 ,i say boldly aga9 ,no61 despite ! axiom ( ! s*ools1 ,habit does n make passion3 & ! reason1 y "k x1 is t all ! pleasures :i* nature gives u are always recurr+ ne$s1 necess>y enjoym5ts1 & t ! pleasures ( ! arts are n necess>y4 ,x is n necess>y = a man to h groves :]e wat] gu%es to a height ( a hundr$ feet f ! m\? ( a m>ble face1 & on leav+ ^! groves to g to see a f9e trag$y4 ,b ! two sexes are always necess>y to ea* o!r4 ,! table & ! b$ are necessities4 ,! habit ( be+ alt]nately on ^! two ?rones w nev] disgu/ y4 ,9 ,p>is a few ye>s ago p admir$ a rh9oc]os4 ,if !re 7 9 "o prov9ce t5 ?\s& rh9oc]oses1 m5 w\ld run aft] !m only to kill !m4 ,b let !re be a hundr$ ?\s& beautiful wom5 m5 w always run aft] !m to 444 hon\r !m4 ,,reason ,at ! "t :5 all ,france 0 mad ab\t ,law's sy/em1 & ,law 0 controll]-g5]al1 !re came to him 9 ! pres5ce ( a great assembly a man :o 0 always "r1 :o always _h reason on 8 side4 ,said he to ,law3 ,sir1 y are ! bigge/ madman1 ! bigge/ fool1 or ! bigge/ rogue :o has yet appe>$ among u2 & t is say+ a great deal3 ?is is h[ ,i prove x4 ,y h imag9$ t a /ate's weal? c be increas$ t5fold ) pap]2 b z ?is pap] c repres5t only ! money t is repres5tative ( true weal?1 ! products ( ! l& & indu/ry1 y %\ld h begun by giv+ u t5 times m corn1 w9e1 clo?1 canvas1 etc4 ,t is n en\gh1 y mu/ be sure ( y\r m>ket4 ,b y make t5 times z _m notes z we h ( silv] & commodities1 !re=e y are t5 times m extravagant1 or m inept1 or m ( a rogue ?an all ! comptroll]s :o h prec$$ y4 ,?is is h[ ,i prove my major4 ,h>dly _h he />t$ 8 major ?an he 0 conduct$ to ,sa9t-,laz>e4 ,:5 he came out ( ,sa9t-,laz>e1 :]e he /udi$ mu* & /r5g!n$ 8 reason1 he w5t to ,rome2 he ask$ = a public audi5ce ( ! ,pope1 on condition t he 0 n int]rupt$ 9 8 h>angue2 & he spoke to ! ,pope 9 ^! t]ms3 ,holy ,fa!r1 y are an anti*ri/ & ?is is h[ ,i prove x to ,y\r ,hol9ess4 ,i call anti*ri/ ! man :o does ! contr>y to :at ,*ri/ did & comm&$4 ,n[ ,*ri/ 0 poor1 & y are v ri*2 he paid tribute1 & y exact tribute2 he submitt$ to ! p[]s t 71 & y h become a p[]2 he walk$ on foot1 & y g to ,ca/el-,g&olfo 9 a sumptu\s equipage2 he ate all t "o 0 s good z to give him1 & y want u to eat fi% on ,friday & ,saturday1 :5 we live f> f sea & riv]2 he =bade ,simon ,b>jona to use a sword1 & y h swords 9 y\r s]vice1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,!re=e 9 ?is s5se ,y\r ,hol9ess is anti*ri/4 ,9 e o!r s5se ,i hold y 9 great v5]ation1 & ,i ask y = an indulg5ce 9 articulo mortis4 ,my man 0 put 9 ! ,ca/ello ,/4 ,angelo4 ,:5 he came out ( ! ,ca/ello ,/4 ,angelo1 he ru%$ to ,v5ice1 & ask$ to speak to ! doge4 ,y\r ,s]5ity1 he said1 mu/ be a scatt]-bra9 to m>ry ! sea e ye>3 = fir/ly1 "o only m>ries ! same p]son once2 secondly1 y\r m>riage resembles ,h>lequ9's :i* 0 half made1 see+ t x lack$ b ! cons5t ( ! bride2 ?irdly1 :o has told y t "o day o!r m>itime p[]s w n decl>e y incapable ( consummat+ ! m>riage8 ,he spoke1 & 0 %ut up 9 ! ,t[] ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,:5 he came out ( ! ,t[] ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 he w5t to ,con/ant9ople2 he _h audi5ce ( ! mufti2 & spoke to him 9 ^! t]ms3 ,y\r religion1 al?\gh x has "s good po9ts1 su* z wor%ip ( ! great ,be+1 & ! necessity ( be+ j & *>itable1 is o!rwise no?+ b a reha% ( ,judaism & a t$i\s collection ( fairy tales4 ,if ! ar*angel ,gabriel _h br\ght ! leaves ( ! ,koran to ,mahomet f "s planet1 all ,arabia w\ld h se5 ,gabriel come d[n3 nobody saw him2 !re=e ,mahomet 0 a braz5 impo/or :o deceiv$ imbeciles4 ,h>dly _h he pron\nc$ ^! words ?an he 0 impal$4 ,nev]!less he _h always be5 "r1 & _h always _h reason on 8 side4 ,,religion ,i m$itat$ la/ night2 ,i 0 absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( nature2 ,i admir$ ! imm5sity1 ! c\rse1 ! h>mony ( ^! inf9ite globes :i* ! vulg> d n "k h[ to admire4 ,i admir$ /ill m ! intellig5ce :i* directs ^! va/ =ces4 ,i said to myself3 ,"o mu/ be bl9d n to be dazzl$ by ?is spectacle2 "o mu/ be /upid n to recognize ! au?or ( x2 "o mu/ be mad n to wor%ip ,him4 ,:at tribute ( wor%ip %\ld ,i r5d] ,him8 ,%\ld n ?is tribute be ! same 9 ! :ole ( space1 s9ce x is ! same supreme p[] :i* reigns equally 9 all space8 ,%\ld n a ?9k+ be+ :o dwells 9 a /> 9 ! ,milky ,way (f] ,him ! same homage z ! ?9k+ be+ on ?is little globe :]e we are8 ,light is uni=m = ! /> ,sirius & = u2 moral philosophy mu/ be uni=m4 ,if a s5ti5t1 ?9k+ animal 9 ,sirius is born ( a t5d] fa!r & "m :o h be5 occupi$ ) 8 happ9ess1 he owes !m z mu* love & c>e z we owe to our p>5ts4 ,if someone 9 ! ,milky ,way sees a ne$y cripple1 if he c relieve him & if he does n d x1 he is guilty t[>d all globes4 ,ev]y:]e ! he>t has ! same duties3 on ! /eps ( ! ?rone ( ,god1 if ,he has a ?rone2 & 9 ! dep? ( ! abyss1 if ,he is an abyss4 ,i 0 plung$ 9 ^! ideas :5 "o ( ^? g5ii :o fill ! int]mundane spaces came d[n to me4 ,i recogniz$ ?is same a]ial creature :o _h appe>$ to me on ano!r occasion to tea* me h[ diff]5t ,god's judgm5ts 7 f our own1 & h[ a good action is pref]able to a controv]sy4 ,he transport$ me into a des]t all cov]$ ) pil$ up bones2 & betwe5 ^! heaps ( dead m5 !re 7 walks ( ev]-gre5 trees1 & at ! end ( ea* walk a tall man ( augu/ mi51 :o reg>d$ ^! sad rema9s ) pity4 ,alas6 my ar*angel1 said ,i1 :]e h y br\ght me8 ,to desolation1 he answ]$4 ,& :o are ^! f9e patri>*s :om ,i see sad & motionless at ! end ( ^! gre5 walks8 !y seem to be weep+ ov] ?is c\ntless cr[d ( dead4 ,y %all "k1 poor human creature1 answ]$ ! g5ius f ! int]mundane spaces2 b fir/ ( all y mu/ weep4 ,he began ) ! fir/ pile4 ,^!1 he said1 are ! tw5ty-?ree ?\s& ,jews :o danc$ be=e a calf1 ) ! tw5ty-f\r ?\s& :o 7 kill$ :ile ly+ ) ,midianiti% wom54 ,! numb] ( ^? massacr$ = su* errors & (f5ces am\nts to ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ?\s&4 ,9 ! o!r walks are ! bones ( ! ,*ri/ians slaught]$ by ea* o!r = metaphysical disputes4 ,!y are divid$ into sev]al heaps ( f\r c5turies ea*4 ,"o heap w\ld h m\nt$ "r to ! sky2 !y _h to be divid$4 ,:at6 ,i cri$1 bro!rs h treat$ _! bro!rs l ?is1 & ,i h ! mis=tune to be ( ?is bro!rhood6 ,"h1 said ! _s1 are ! twelve million ,am]icans kill$ 9 _! fa!rl& because !y _h n be5 baptiz$4 ,my ,god6 :y did y n leave ^! frightful bones to dry 9 ! hemisph]e :]e _! bodies 7 born1 & :]e !y 7 consign$ to s _m diff]5t dea?s8 ,:y assemble "h all ^! abom9able monum5ts to b>b>ism & fanaticism8 ,to in/ruct y4 ,s9ce y wi% to in/ruct me1 ,i said to ! g5ius1 tell me if !re h be5 peoples o!r ?an ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews 9 :om zeal & religion wret*$ly trans=m$ into fanaticism1 h inspir$ s _m horrible cruelties4 ,yes1 he said4 ,! ,mohamm$ans 7 sulli$ ) ! same inhumanities1 b r>ely2 & :5 "o ask$ amman1 pity1 ( !m & (f]$ !m tribute1 !y p>don$4 ,z = ! o!r nations !re has n be5 "o "r f ! exi/5ce ( ! _w :i* has ev] made a purely religi\s w>4 ,foll[ me n[4 ,i foll[$ him4 ,a little beyond ^! piles ( dead m5 we f\nd o!r piles2 !y 7 compos$ ( sacks ( gold & silv]1 & ea* _h its label3 ,sub/ance ( ! h]etics massacr$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! sev5te5? & ! sixte5?4 ,& s on 9 go+ back3 ,gold & silv] ( ,am]icans slaught]$1 etc41 etc4 ,& all ^! piles 7 surm\nt$ ) crosses1 mitres1 crozi]s1 triple cr[ns /udd$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,:at1 my g5ius6 x 0 !n to h ^! ri*es t ^! dead 7 pil$ up8 ,yes1 my son4 ,i wept2 & :5 by my grief ,i _h m]it$ to be l$ to ! end ( ! gre5 walks1 he l$ me !re4 ,contemplate1 he said1 ! h]oes ( humanity :o 7 ! _w's b5efactors1 & :o 7 all unit$ 9 bani%+ f ! _w1 z f> z !y 7 able1 viol5ce & rap9e4 ,"q !m4 ,i ran to ! fir/ ( ! b&2 he _h a cr[n on 8 head1 & a little c5s] 9 8 h&2 ,i humbly ask$ him 8 "n4 ,i am ,numa ,pompilius1 he said to me4 ,i succe$$ a brig&1 & ,i _h brig&s to gov]n3 ,i taught !m virtue & ! wor%ip ( ,god2 aft] me !y =got bo? m ?an once2 ,i =bade t 9 ! temples !re %\ld be any image1 because ! ,deity :i* animates nature _c be repres5t$4 ,dur+ my reign ! ,romans _h nei!r w>s nor s$itions1 & my religion did no?+ b good4 ,all ! neighb\r+ peoples came to hon\r me at my fun]al3 t happ5$ to no "o b me4 ,i kiss$ 8 h&1 & ,i w5t to ! second4 ,he 0 a f9e old man ab\t a hundr$ ye>s old1 clad 9 a :ite robe4 ,he put 8 middle-f+] on 8 m\?1 & ) ! o!r h& he ca/ "s beans beh9d him4 ,i recogniz$ ,py?agoras4 ,he assur$ me he _h nev] _h a gold5 ?igh1 & t he _h nev] be5 a cock2 b t he _h gov]n$ ! ,crotoniates ) z mu* ju/ice z ,numa gov]n$ ! ,romans1 almo/ at ! same "t2 & t ?is ju/ice 0 ! r>e/ & mo/ necess>y ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,i le>n$ t ! ,py?agoreans exam9$ _! consci5ces twice a day4 ,! hone/ p6 h[ f> we are f !m6 ,b we :o h be5 no?+ b assass9s = ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s1 we say t ^! wise m5 7 arrogant4 ,9 ord] to please ,py?agoras1 ,i did n say a ^w to him & ,i pass$ to ,z>a?u/ra1 :o 0 occupi$ 9 conc5trat+ ! cele/ial fire 9 ! focus ( a concave mirror1 9 ! middle ( a hall ) a hundr$ doors :i* all l$ to wisdom4 7,z>a?u/ra's precepts are call$ doors1 & are a hundr$ 9 numb]47 ,ov] ! pr9cipal door ,i read ^! words :i* are ! prcis ( all moral philosophy1 & :i* cut %ort all ! disputes ( ! casui/s3 ,:5 9 d\bt if an action is good or bad1 refra94 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i said to my g5ius1 ! b>b>ians :o immolat$ all ^! victims _h nev] read ^! beautiful words4 ,we !n saw ! ,zaleucus1 ! ,?ales1 ! ,anixim&]s1 & all ! sages :o _h s\ght tru? & practis$ virtue4 ,:5 we came to ,socrates1 ,i recogniz$ him v quickly by 8 flat nose4 ,well1 ,i said to him1 "h y are !n among ! numb] ( ! ,almighty's confidants6 ,all ! inhabitants ( ,europe1 except ! ,turks & ! ,t>t>s ( ! ,crimea1 :o "k no?+1 pron\nce y\r "n ) respect4 ,x is rev]$1 lov$1 ?is great "n1 to ! po9t t p h want$ to "k ^? ( y\r p]secutors4 ,melitus & ,anitus are kn[n because ( y1 j z ,ravaillac is kn[n because ( ,h5ry ,,iv42 b ,i "k only ?is "n ( ,anitus4 ,i d n "k precisely :o 0 ! sc\ndrel :o calumniat$ y1 & :o succe$$ 9 hav+ y condemn$ to take hemlock4 ,s9ce my adv5ture1 repli$ ,socrates1 ,i h nev] ?\ght ab\t t man2 b see+ t y make me rememb] x1 ,i h mu* pity = him4 ,he 0 a wick$ prie/ :o secretly conduct$ a bus9ess 9 hides1 a trade reput$ %ameful among u4 ,he s5t 8 two *ildr5 to my s*ool4 ,! o!r disciples taunt$ !m ) hav+ a fa!r :o 0 a curri]2 !y 7 oblig$ to leave4 ,! irritat$ fa!r _h no re/ until he _h /irr$ up all ! prie/s & all ! sophi/s aga9/ me4 ,!y p]suad$ ! c\nsel ( ! five hundr$ t ,i 0 an impi\s fell[ :o did n believe t ! ,moon1 ,m]cury & ,m>s 7 gods4 ,inde$1 ,i us$ to ?9k1 z ,i ?9k n[1 t !re is only "o ,god1 ma/] ( all nature4 ,! judges h&$ me ov] to ! poison] ( ! republic2 he cut %ort my life by a few days3 ,i di$ peacefully at ! age ( sev5ty2 & s9ce t "t ,i pass a happy life ) all ^! great m5 :om y see1 & ( :om ,i am ! lea/4 ,aft] enjoy+ "s "t 9 conv]sation ) ,socrates1 ,i w5t =w>d ) my guide into a grove situat$ above ! ?ickets :]e all ! sages ( antiquity seem$ to be ta/+ sweet repose4 ,i saw a man ( g5tle1 simple c\nt5ance1 :o seem$ to me to be ab\t ?irty-five ye>s old4 ,f af> he ca/ compassionate glances on ^! piles ( :it5$ bones1 across :i* ,i _h _h to pass to rea* ! sages' abode4 ,i 0 a/oni%$ to f9d 8 feet swoll5 & ble$+1 8 h&s likewise1 8 side pi]c$1 & 8 ribs flay$ ) :ip cuts4 ,good ,heav5s6 ,i said to him1 is x possible = a j man1 a sage1 to be 9 ?is /ate8 ,i h j se5 "o :o 0 treat$ 9 a v hateful way1 b !re is no comp>ison betwe5 8 torture & y\rs4 ,wick$ prie/s & wick$ judges poison$ him2 is x by prie/s & judges t y h be5 s cruelly assass9at$8 ,he answ]$ ) mu* c\rtesy--,yes4 ,& :o 7 ^! mon/]s8 ,!y 7 hypocrites4 ,ah6 t says ev]y?+2 ,i und]/& by ?is s+le ^w t !y mu/ h condemn$ y to dea?4 ,_h y !n prov$ to !m1 z ,socrates did1 t ! ,moon 0 n a goddess1 & t ,m]cury 0 n a god8 ,no1 ^! planets 7 n 9 "q4 ,my compatriots did n "k at all :at a planet is2 !y 7 all arrant ignoramuses4 ,_! sup]/itions 7 q diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,greeks4 ,y want$ to tea* !m a new religion1 !n8 ,n at all2 ,i said to !m simply--',love ,god ) all y\r he>t & y\r fell[-creature z y\rself1 = t is man's :ole duty4' ,judge if ?is precept is n z old z ! univ]se2 judge if ,i br\ght !m a new religion4 ,i did n /op tell+ !m t ,i _h come n to de/roy ! law b to fulfil x2 ,i _h obs]v$ all _! rites2 circumcis$ z !y all 71 baptiz$ z 7 ! mo/ zeal\s among !m1 l !m ,i paid ! ,corban2 ,i obs]v$ ! ,passov] z !y did1 eat+ /&+ up a lamb cook$ ) lettuces4 ,i & my fri5ds w5t to pray 9 ! temple2 my fri5ds ev5 frequ5t$ ?is temple aft] my dea?2 9 a ^w1 ,i fulfill$ all _! laws )\t a s+le exception4 ,:at6 ^! wret*es c\ld n ev5 reproa* y ) sw]v+ f _! laws8 ,no1 )\t a d\bt4 ,:y !n did !y put y 9 ! condition 9 :i* ,i n[ see y8 ,:at d y expect me to say6 !y 7 v arrogant & selfi%4 ,!y saw t ,i knew !m2 !y knew t ,i 0 mak+ ! citiz5s acqua9t$ ) !m2 !y 7 ! /rong]2 !y took away my life3 & p l !m w always d z mu*1 if !y c1 to :oev] does !m too mu* ju/ice4 ,b did y say no?+1 d no?+ t c\ld s]ve !m z a pretext8 ,to ! wick$ ev]y?+ s]ves z pretext4 ,did y n say once t y 7 come n to s5d peace1 b a sword8 ,x is a copyi/'s error2 ,i told !m t ,i s5t peace & n a sword4 ,i h nev] writt5 any?+2 :at ,i said c h be5 *ang$ )\t evil int5tion4 ,y !re=e contribut$ 9 no way by y\r spee*es1 badly report$1 badly int]pret$1 to ^! frightful piles ( bones :i* ,i saw on my road 9 com+ to consult y8 ,x is ) horror only t ,i h se5 ^? :o h made !mselves guilty ( ^! murd]s4 ,& ^! monum5ts ( p[] & weal?1 ( pride & av>ice1 ^! treasures1 ^! ornam5ts1 ^! signs ( gr&eur1 :i* ,i h se5 pil$ up on ! road :ile ,i 0 seek+ wisdom1 d !y come f y8 ,t is impossible2 ,i & my p liv$ 9 pov]ty & meanness3 my gr&eur 0 9 virtue only4 ,i 0 ab\t to beg him to be s good z to tell me j :o he 04 ,my guide w>n$ me to d no?+ ( ! sort4 ,he told me t ,i 0 n made to und]/& ^! sublime my/]ies4 ,only did ,i conjure him to tell me 9 :at true religion consi/$4 ,h ,i n already told y8 ,love ,god & y\r fell[-creature z y\rself4 ,:at6 if "o loves ,god1 "o c eat meat on ,friday8 ,i always ate :at 0 giv5 me2 = ,i 0 too poor to give anyone food4 ,9 lov+ ,god1 9 be+ j1 %\ld "o n be r cauti\s n to confide all ! adv5tures ( "o's life to an unkn[n man8 ,t 0 always my practice4 ,c ,i n1 by do+ good1 disp5se ) mak+ a pilgrimage to ,/4 ,james ( ,compo/ella8 ,i h nev] be5 9 t c\ntry4 ,is x necess>y = me to imprison myself 9 a retreat ) fools8 ,z = me1 ,i always made little j\rneys f t[n to t[n4 ,is x necess>y = me to take sides ei!r = ! ,greek ,*ur* or ! ,lat98 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ! _w ,i nev] made any diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,jew & ! ,sam>itan4 ,well1 if t is s1 ,i take y = my only ma/]4 ,!n he made me a sign ) 8 head :i* fill$ me ) consolation4 ,! vision disappe>$1 & a cle> consci5ce /ay$ ) me4 ,,sect ,,section ,i ,e sect1 9 :atev] sph]e1 is ! rally+-po9t ( d\bt & error4 ,scoti/1 ,?omi/1 ,reali/1 ,nom9ali/1 ,papi/1 ,calv9i/1 ,mol9i/1 ,jans5i/1 are only pseudonyms4 ,!re are no sects 9 geometry2 "o does n speak ( a ,euclidian1 an ,ar*im$ean4 ,:5 ! tru? is evid5t1 x is impossible = p>ties & factions to arise4 ,nev] has !re be5 a dispute z to :e!r !re is daylight at noon4 ,! bran* ( a/ronomy :i* det]m9es ! c\rse ( ! />s & ! return ( eclipses be+ once kn[n1 !re is no m dispute among a/ronom]s4 ,9 ,engl& "o does n say--,i am a ,newtonian1 a ,lockian1 a ,halleyan4 ,:y8 ,^? :o h read _c refuse _! ass5t to ! tru?s taught by ^! ?ree great m54 ,! m ,newton is rev]$1 ! less d p /yle !mselves ,newtonians2 ?is ^w supposes t !re are anti-,newtonians 9 ,engl&4 ,maybe we /ill h a few ,c>tesians 9 ,france2 t is solely because ,desc>tes' sy/em is a tissue ( errone\s & ridicul\s imag9+s4 ,x is likewise ) ! small numb] ( tru?s ( fact :i* are well e/abli%$4 ,! records ( ! ,t[] ( ,london hav+ be5 au!ntically ga!r$ by ,rym]1 !re are no ,rym]ians1 because x occurs to no "o to combat ?is collection4 ,9 x "o f9ds nei!r contradictions1 absurdities nor prodigies2 no?+ :i* revolts ! reason1 no?+1 consequ5tly1 :i* sect>ians /rive to ma9ta9 or upset by absurd argum5ts4 ,ev]yone agrees1 !re=e1 t ,rym]'s records are wor?y ( belief4 ,y are ,mohamm$an1 !re=e !re are p :o are n1 !re=e y might well be wrong4 ,:at w\ld be ! true religion if ,*ri/ianity did n exi/8 ! religion 9 :i* !re 7 no sects2 ! religion 9 :i* all m9ds 7 necess>ily 9 agreem5t4 ,well1 to :at dogma d all m9ds agree8 to ! wor%ip ( a ,god & to integrity4 ,all ! philosoph]s ( ! _w :o h _h a religion h said 9 all "t--,!re is a ,god1 & "o mu/ be j4 ,!re1 !n1 is ! univ]sal religion e/abli%$ 9 all "t & ?r\gh\t mank9d4 ,! po9t 9 :i* !y all agree is !re=e true1 & ! sy/ems ?r\gh :i* !y diff] are !re=e false4 ,my sect is ! be/1 says a ,brahm9 to me4 ,b1 my fri5d1 if y\r sect is good1 x is necess>y2 = if x 7 n absolutely necess>y y w\ld admit to me t x 0 useless3 if x is absolutely necess>y1 x is = all m52 h[ !n c x be t all m5 h n :at is absolutely necess>y to !m8 ,h[ is x possible = ! re/ ( ! _w to laugh at y & y\r ,brahma8 ,:5 ,z>a?u/ra1 ,h]mes1 ,orpheus1 ,m9os & all ! great m5 say--,let u wor%ip ,god1 & let u be j1 nobody laughs2 b ev]yone hisses ! man :o claims t "o _c please ,god unless :5 "o dies "o is hold+ a c['s tail1 & ! man :o wants "o to h ! end ( "o's prepuce cut (f1 & ! man :o consecrates crocodiles & onions1 & ! man :o atta*es et]nal salvation to ! dead m5's bones "o c>ries "u "o's %irt1 or to a pl5>y indulg5ce :i* "o buys at ,rome = two & a half s\s4 ,:5ce comes ?is univ]sal competition 9 hisses & d]ision f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r8 ,x is cle> t ! ?+s at :i* ev]yone sne]s are n ( a v evid5t tru?4 ,:at %all we say ( "o ( ,sejan's secret>ies :o d$icat$ to ,petronius a bomba/ic book entitl$--,! ,tru?s ( ! ,sibyll9e ,oracles1 ,prov$ by ! ,facts8 ,?is secret>y proves to y fir/ t x 0 necess>y = ,god to s5d on e>? sev]al sibyls "o aft] ! o!r2 = ,he _h no o!r means ( tea*+ mank9d4 ,x is demon/rat$ t ,god spoke to ^! sibyls1 = ! ^w sibyl signifies ,god's c\nsel4 ,!y _h to live a long "t1 = x is ! v lea/ t p]sons to :om ,god speaks %\ld h ?is privilege4 ,!y 7 twelve 9 numb]1 = ?is numb] is sacr$4 ,!y _h c]ta9ly pr$ict$ all ! ev5ts 9 ! _w1 = ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus b\ght ?ree ( _! ,books f an old woman = a hundr$ cr[ns4 ,:at incr$ul\s fell[1 adds ! secret>y1 w d>e d5y all ^! evid5t facts :i* happ5$ 9 a corn] be=e ! :ole _w8 ,:o c d5y ! fulfilm5t ( _! prophecies8 ,has n ,virgil himself quot$ ! pr$ictions ( ! sibyls8 ,if we h n ! fir/ examples ( ! ,sibyll9e ,books1 writt5 at a "t :5 p did n "k h[ to read or write1 h we n au!ntic copies8 ,impiety mu/ be sil5t be=e su* pro(s4 ,?us did ,h\ttevillus speak to ,sejan4 ,he hop$ to h a position z augur :i* w\ld be wor? an income ( fifty ?\s& francs1 & he _h no?+4#bj ,:at my sect tea*es is obscure1 ,i admit x1 says a fanatic2 & x is because ( ?is obscurity t x mu/ be believ$2 = ! sect itself says x is full ( obscurities4 ,my sect is extravagant1 !re=e x is div9e2 = h[ %\ld :at appe>s s mad h be5 embrac$ by s _m peoples1 if x 7 n div9e8 ,x is precisely l ! ,alcoran :i* ! ,sonnites say has an angel's face & an animal's sn\t2 be n sc&aliz$ by ! animal's sn\t1 & wor%ip ! angel's face4 ,?us speaks ?is ins5sate fell[4 ,b a fanatic ( ano!r sect answ]s--,x is y :o are ! animal1 & ,i :o am ! angel4 ,well1 :o %all judge ! suit8 :o %all decide betwe5 ^! two fanatics8 ,! reasonable1 imp>tial man le>n$ 9 a k t is n t ( words2 ! man free f prejudice & lov] ( tru? & ju/ice2 9 %ort1 ! man :o is n ! fooli% animal1 & :o does n ?9k he is ! angel4 ,,section ,,ii ,sect & error are synonym\s4 ,y are ,p]ipatetic & ,i ,platonician2 we are !re=e bo? wrong2 = y combat ,plato only because 8 fantasies h revolt$ y1 & ,i am ali5at$ f ,ari/otle only because x seems to me t he does n "k :at he is talk+ ab\t4 ,if "o or ! o!r _h demon/rat$ ! tru?1 !re w\ld be a sect no long]4 ,to decl>e oneself = ! op9ion ( ! "o or ! o!r is to take sides 9 a civil w>4 ,!re are no sects 9 ma!matics1 9 exp]im5tal physics4 ,a man :o exam9es ! relations betwe5 a cone & a sph]e is n ( ! sect ( ,ar*im$es3 he :o sees t ! squ>e ( ! hypot5use ( a "r-angl$ triangle is equal to ! squ>e ( ! two o!r sides is n ( ! sect ( ,py?agoras4 ,:5 y say t ! blood circulates1 t ! air is heavy1 t ! sun's rays are p5cils ( sev5 refrangible rays1 y are n ei!r ( ! sect ( ,h>vey1 or ! sect ( ,torricelli1 or ! sect ( ,newton2 y agree m]ely ) ! tru? demon/rat$ by !m1 & ! entire univ]se w ev] be ( y\r op9ion4 ,?is is ! "* ( tru?2 x is ( all "t2 x is = all m52 x has only to %[ itself to be recogniz$2 "o _c argue aga9/ x4 ,a long dispute signifies--,bo? p>ties are wrong4 ,,footnotes3 #bj ,ref]5ce to ! ,abb ,h\tteville1 au?or ( a book entitl$--,! ,tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 ,prov$ by ! ,facts4 ,,self-,,e/eem ,nicole 9 8 ,essais de ,morale1 writt5 aft] two or ?ree ?\s& volumes ( e?ics 7,treatise on ,*>ity1 ,*ap4 ,,ii71 says t by means ( ! :eels & gibbets :i* p e/abli% 9 common are repress$ ! tyrann\s ?\ghts & designs ( ea* individual's self-e/eem4 ,i %all n exam9e :e!r p h gibbets 9 common1 z !y h mead[s & woods 9 common1 & a common purse1 & if "o represses ideas ) :eels2 b x seems v /range to me t ,nicole %\ld take highway robb]y & assass9ation = self-e/eem4 ,"o %\ld di/+ui% %ades ( diff]5ce a little bett]4 ,! man :o said t ,n]o _h 8 "m assass9at$ ?r\gh self-e/eem1 t ,c>t\*e _h mu* self-e/eem1 w\ld n be express+ himself v correctly4 ,self-e/eem is n wick$ness1 x is a s5tim5t t is natural to all m52 x is mu* ne>] vanity ?an crime4 ,a begg> 9 ! suburbs ( ,madrid nobly begg$ *>ity2 a pass]-by says to him3 ,are y n a%am$ to practise ?is infam\s call+ :5 y are able to "w8 ,sir1 answ]$ ! begg>1 ,i ask = money1 n advice4 ,& he turn$ on 8 heel ) full ,ca/illian dignity4 ,?is g5tleman 0 a pr\d begg>1 8 vanity 0 w\nd$ by a trifle4 ,he ask$ *>ity out ( love = himself1 & c\ld n tol]ate ! reprim& out ( fur!r love = himself4 ,a mission>y travell+ 9 ,india met a fakir lad5 ) *a9s1 nak$ z a monkey1 ly+ on 8 /oma*1 & hav+ himself :ipp$ = ! s9s ( 8 compatriots1 ! ,indians1 :o gave him a few f>?+s4 ,:at self-d5ial6 said "o ( ! look]s-on4 ,self-d5ial6 answ]$ ! fakir4 ,le>n t ,i h myself flogg$ 9 ?is _w 9 ord] to return x 9 ano!r1 :5 y w be horses & ,i horseman4 ,^? :o h said t love ( ourselves is ! basis ( all our op9ions & all our actions1 h !re=e be5 q "r 9 ,india1 ,spa91 & all ! habitable _w3 & z "o does n write to prove to m5 t !y h faces1 x is n necess>y to prove to !m t !y h self-e/eem4 ,self-e/eem is ! in/rum5t ( our cons]vation2 x resembles ! in/rum5t ( ! p]petuity ( ! species3 x is necess>y1 x is de> to u1 x gives u pleasure1 & x has to be hidd54 ,,s\l ,,section ,i ,?is is a vague1 indet]m9ate t]m1 :i* expresses an unkn[n pr9ciple ( kn[n effects t we feel 9 u4 ,! ^w s\l corresponds to ! ,lat9 anima1 to ! ,greek pneuma1 to ! t]m ( :i* all nations h made use to express :at !y did n und]/& any bett] ?an we d4 ,9 ! prop] & lit]al s5se ( ! ,lat9 & ! languages d]iv$ f ,lat91 x signifies t :i* animates4 ,?us p h spok5 ( ! s\l ( m51 ( animals1 sometimes ( plants1 to signify _! pr9cipal ( vegetation & life4 ,9 pron\nc+ ?is ^w1 p h nev] _h o!r ?an a confus$ idea1 z :5 x is said 9 ,g5esis--,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! gr\nd1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life2 & man became a liv+ s\l2 & ! s\l ( animals is 9 ! blood2 & kill n my s\l1 etc4 ,?us ! s\l 0 g5]ally tak5 = ! orig9 & ! cause ( life1 = life itself4 ,t is :y all kn[n nations long imag9$ t ev]y?+ di$ ) ! body4 ,if "o c dis5tangle any?+ 9 ! *aos ( anci5t hi/ories1 x seems t ! ,egyptians at lea/ 7 ! fir/ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! intellig5ce & ! s\l3 & ! ,greeks le>n$ f !m to di/+ui% _! n\s1 _! pneuma1 _! skia4 ,! ,lat9s1 foll[+ _! example1 di/+ui% animus & anima2 & we1 f9ally1 h also _h our s\l & our und]/&+4 ,b is t :i* is ! pr9ciple ( our life diff]5t f t :i* is ! pr9ciple ( our ?\ghts8 is x ! same be+8 ,does t :i* directs u & gives u s5sation & memory resemble t :i* is 9 animals ! cause ( dige/ion & ! cause ( _! s5sations & ( _! memory8 ,!re is ! et]nal object ( ! disputes ( mank9d2 ,i say et]nal object2 = n hav+ any fir/ notion f :i* we c desc5d 9 ?is exam9ation1 we c only re/ = ev] 9 a labyr9? ( d\bt & feeble conjecture4 ,we h n ! smalle/ /ep :]e we may place a foot 9 ord] to rea* ! mo/ sup]ficial k ( :at makes u live & ( :at makes u ?9k4 ,h[ %\ld we h8 we %\ld h _h to see life & ?\ght ent] a body4 ,does a fa!r "k h[ he has produc$ 8 son8 does a "m h[ %e conceiv$ him8 ,has anyone ev] be5 able to div9e h[ he acts1 h[ he wakes1 h[ he sleeps8 ,does anyone "k h[ 8 limbs obey 8 w8 has anyone discov]$ by :at art ideas are m>k$ out 9 8 bra9 & issue f x at 8 comm&8 ,frail automatons mov$ by ! invisible h& :i* directs u on ?is /age ( ! _w1 :i* ( u has be5 able to detect ! wire :i* guides u8 ,we d>e "q :e!r ! s\l is _s or matt]2 if x is creat$ be=e u1 if x issues f non-exi/5ce at our bir?1 if aft] animat+ u = "o day on e>?1 x lives aft] u into et]nity4 ,^! que/ions appe> sublime2 :at are !y8 que/ions ( bl9d m5 say+ to o!r bl9d m5--,:at is light8 ,:5 we want to le>n some?+ r\ghly ab\t a piece ( metal1 we put x 9 a crucible 9 ! fire4 ,b h we a crucible 9 :i* to put ! s\l8 ,! s\l is _s1 says "o4 ,b :at is _s8 ,assur$ly no "o has any idea2 x is a ^w t is s void ( s5se t "o is oblig$ to say :at _s is n1 n be+ able to say :at x is4 ,! s\l is matt]1 says ano!r4 ,b :at is matt]8 ,we "k m]ely "s ( its appe>ances & "s ( its prop]ties2 & n "o ( ^! prop]ties1 n "o ( ^! appe>ances1 seems to h ! slighte/ connection ) ?\ght4 ,?\ght is some?+ di/9ct f matt]1 say y4 ,b :at pro( ( x h y8 ,is x because matt] is divisible & figurable1 & ?\ght is n8 ,b :o has told y t ! fir/ pr9ciples ( matt] are divisible & figurable8 ,x is v probable t !y are n2 entire sects ( philosoph]s ma9ta9 t ! elem5ts ( matt] h nei!r =m nor ext5sion4 ,) a triumphant air y cry--,?\ght is nei!r wood1 nor /one1 nor s&1 nor metal1 !re=e ?\ght does n belong to matt]4 ,weak1 reckless reason]s6 gravitation is nei!r wood1 nor s&1 nor metal1 nor /one2 movem5t1 vegetation1 life are n ^! ?+s ei!r1 & yet life1 vegetation1 movem5t1 gravitation1 are giv5 to matt]4 ,to say t ,god _c make matt] ?9k is to say ! mo/ insol5tly absurd ?+ t anyone has ev] d>$ utt] 9 ! privileg$ s*ools ( lunacy4 ,we are n c]ta9 t ,god has treat$ matt] l ?is2 we are only c]ta9 t ,he c4 ,b :at matt]s all t has be5 said & all t w be said ab\t ! s\l8 :at does x matt] t x has be5 call$ entele*y1 qu9tess5ce1 flame1 e!r8 t x has be5 ?\ght univ]sal1 uncreat$1 transmigrant1 etc48 ,9 ^! matt]s t are inaccessible to ! reason1 :at d ^! romances ( our unc]ta9 imag9ations matt]8 ,:at does x matt] t ! ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies ?\ght ! s\l corporeal8 ,:at does x matt] t ,t]tullian1 by a contradiction frequ5t 9 him1 has decid$ t x is simultane\sly corporeal1 =m$ & simple8 ,we h a ?\s& witnesses to ignorance1 & n "o t gives a glimm] ( probability4 ,h[ !n are we s bold z to ass]t :at ! s\l is8 ,we "k c]ta9ly t we exi/1 t we feel1 t we ?9k4 ,d we want to take a /ep beyond8 we fall into a %ad[y abyss2 & 9 ?is abyss we are /ill s madly reckless z to dispute :e!r ?is s\l1 ( :i* we h n ! lea/ idea1 0 made be=e u or ) u1 & :e!r x p]i%es or is immortal4 ,! article ,,s\l1 & all ! articles ( ! nature ( metaphysics1 mu/ />t by a s9c]e submission to ! incontrov]tible dogmas ( ! ,*ur*4 ,revelation is wor? m1 )\t d\bt1 ?an ! :ole ( philosophy4 ,sy/ems ex]cise ! m9d1 b fai? illum9es & guides x4 ,d we n (t5 pron\nce words ( :i* we h only a v confus$ idea1 or ev5 ( :i* we h none at all8 ,is n ! ^w s\l an in/ance8 ,:5 ! clapp] or valve ( a bell[s is out ( ord]1 & :5 air :i* is 9 ! bell[s leaves x by "s unexpect$ op5+ 9 ?is valve1 s t x is no long] compress$ aga9/ ! two blades1 & is n ?ru/ viol5tly t[>ds ! he>? :i* x has to light1 ,fr5* s]vants say--,! s\l ( ! bell[s has bur/4 ,!y "k no m ab\t x ?an t2 & ?is "q 9 no wise di/urbs _! peace ( m9d4 ,! g>d5] utt]s ! phrase ! s\l ( ! plants1 & cultivates !m v well )\t kn[+ :at he means by ?is t]m4 ,! viol9-mak] poses1 draws =w>d or back ! s\l ( a viol9 b5ea? ! bridge 9 ! belly ( ! in/rum5t2 a puny piece ( wood m or less gives ! viol9 or takes away f x a h>moni\s s\l4 ,we h _m indu/ries 9 :i* ! workm5 give ! qualification ( s\l to _! ma*9es4 ,nev] does "o he> !m dispute ab\t ?is ^w4 ,su* is n ! case ) philosoph]s4 ,= u ! ^w s\l signifies g5]ally t :i* animates4 ,our ance/ors ! ,celts gave to _! s\l ! "n ( seel1 f :i* ! ,engli% s\l1 & ! ,g]man seel2 & probably ! anci5t ,teutons & ! anci5t ,britons _h no qu>rels 9 _! univ]sities ov] ?is expression4 ,! ,greeks di/+ui%$ ?ree sorts ( s\ls--psy*1 :i* signifi$ ! s5sitive s\l1 ! s\l ( ! s5ses2 & t is :y ,love1 *ild ( ,aphrodite1 _h s mu* passion = ,psy*e1 & :y ,psy*e lov$ him s t5d]ly3 pneuma1 ! brea? :i* gives life & movem5t to ! :ole ma*9e1 & :i* we h translat$ by spiritus1 _s2 vague ^w to :i* h be5 giv5 a ?\s& diff]5t mean+s3 & f9ally n\s1 ! intellig5ce4 ,we possess$ !re=e ?ree s\ls1 )\t hav+ ! lea/ notion ( any ( !m4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as 7,summation ( ,/4 ,?omas4 ,lyons edition1 #agch7 admits ^! ?ree s\ls z a p]ipatetic1 & di/+ui%es ea* ( ^! ?ree s\ls 9 ?ree p>ts4 psy* 0 9 ! brea/1 pneuma 0 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! body1 & n\s 0 9 ! head4 ,!re has be5 no o!r philosophy 9 our s*ools up to our day1 & woe betide any man :o took "o ( ^! s\ls = ! o!r4 ,9 ?is *aos ( ideas !re 01 nev]!less1 a f\ndation4 ,m5 _h notic$ t 9 _! passions ( love1 hate1 ang]1 fe>1 _! int]nal organs 7 /imulat$ to movem5t4 ,! liv] & ! he>t 7 ! seat ( ! passions4 ,if "o ?\ght deeply1 "o felt a /rife 9 ! organs ( ! head2 !re=e ! intellectual s\l 0 9 ! head4 ,)\t respiration no vegetation1 no life2 !re=e ! vegetative s\l 0 9 ! brea/ :i* receives ! brea? ( air4 ,:5 m5 saw 9 dreams _! dead relatives or fri5ds1 !y _h to seek :at _h appe>$ to !m4 ,x 0 n ! body :i* _h be5 consum$ on a fun]al pyre1 or swall[$ up 9 ! sea & eat5 by ! fi%es4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 some?+1 s !y ma9ta9$2 = !y _h se5 x2 ! dead man _h spok52 ! dream] _h que/ion$ him4 ,0 x psy*1 0 x pneuma1 0 x n\s1 ) :om "o _h conv]s$ 9 ! dream8 ,"o imag9$ a phantom1 an airy figure3 x 0 skia1 x 0 daimn1 a gho/ f ! %ades1 a little s\l ( air & fire1 v unre/rict$1 :i* w&]$ ,i "k n :]e4 ,ev5tually1 :5 "o want$ to sift ! matt]1 x became a con/ant t ?is s\l 0 corporeal2 & ! :ole ( antiquity nev] _h any o!r idea4 ,at la/ came ,plato :o s subtiliz$ ?is s\l t x 0 d\btful if he did n sep>ate x entirely f matt]2 b t 0 a problem t 0 nev] solv$ until fai? came to enlight5 u4 ,9 va9 d ! mat]iali/s quote "s ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* :o did n express !mselves ) precision4 ,/4 ,ir5u says 7liv4 v4 *aps4 vi & vii7 t ! s\l is only ! brea? ( life1 t x is incorporeal only by comp>ison ) ! mortal body1 & t x pres]ves ! =m ( man s t x may be recogniz$4 ,9 va9 does ,t]tullian express himself l ?is--,! corporeality ( ! s\l %9es bright 9 ! ,gospel4 7,corporalitas anim 9 ipso ,evangelio relucescit1 ,,de ,,anima1 cap4 vii47 ,= if ! s\l did n h a body1 ! image ( ! s\l w\ld n h ! image ( ! body4 ,9 va9 does he record ! vision ( a holy woman :o _h se5 a v %9+ s\l1 ( ! col\r ( air4 ,9 va9 does ,tati5 say expressly 7,oratio ad ,grcos1 c4 xxiii47--,! s\l ( man is compos$ ( _m p>ts4 ,9 va9 is ,/4 ,hil>ius quot$ z say+ 9 lat] times 7,/4 ,hil>ius on ,/4 ,mat!w7--,!re is no?+ creat$ :i* is n corporeal1 ei!r 9 heav51 or on e>?1 or among ! visible1 or among ! invisible3 ev]y?+ is =m$ ( elem5ts2 & s\ls1 :e!r !y inhabit a body1 or issue f x1 h always a corporeal sub/ance4 ,9 va9 does ,/4 ,ambrose1 9 ! six? c5tury1 say 7,on ,abraham1 liv4 ii41 *4 viii47--,we recognize no?+ b ! mat]ial1 except ! v5]able ,tr9ity alone4 ,! body ( ! entire ,*ur* has decid$ t ! s\l is immat]ial4 ,^! sa9ts fell into an error at t "t univ]sal2 !y 7 m52 b !y 7 n mi/ak5 ov] immortality1 because t is cle>ly ann\nc$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,we h s evid5t a ne$ ( ! decision ( ! infallible ,*ur* on ^! po9ts ( philosophy1 t we h n inde$ by ourselves any suffici5t notion ( :at is call$ pure _s1 & ( :at is nam$ matt]4 ,pure _s is an expression :i* gives u no idea2 & we "k matt] only by a few ph5om5a4 ,we "k x s little t we call x sub/ance2 well1 ! ^w sub/ance means t :i* is "u2 b :at is "u w be et]nally hidd5 f u4 ,:at is "u is ! ,creator's secret2 & ?is secret ( ! ,creator is ev]y:]e4 ,we d n "k ei!r h[ we receive life1 or h[ we give x1 or h[ we gr[1 or h[ we dige/1 or h[ we sleep1 or h[ we ?9k1 or h[ we feel4 ,! great difficulty is to und]/& h[ a be+1 :oev] he be1 has ?\ghts4 ,,section ,,ii ,! au?or ( ! article ,,s\l 9 ! ,encyclop$ia 7! ,abb ,yvon7 foll[$ ,jaquelot scrupul\sly2 b ,jaquelot tea*es u no?+4 ,he sets himself also aga9/ ,locke1 because ! mode/ ,locke said 7liv4 iv1 *4 iii1 p>a4 vi47--,we possibly %all nev] be able to "k :e!r any m]e mat]ial be+ ?9ks or no2 x be+ impossible = u1 by ! contemplation ( our own ideas )\t revelation1 to discov] :e!r ,omnipot5cy has n giv5 to "s sy/ems ( matt]1 fitly dispos$1 a p[] to p]ceive & ?9k1 or else jo9$ & fix$ to matt]1 s dispos$1 a ?9k+ immat]ial sub/ance3 x be+1 9 respect ( our notions1 n mu* m remote f our compreh5sion to conceive t ,god c1 if he pleases1 sup]add to matt] a faculty ( ?9k+1 ?an t he %\ld sup]add to x ano!r sub/ance ) a faculty ( ?9k+2 s9ce we "k n :]e9 ?9k+ consi/s1 nor to :at sort ( sub/ances ! ,almighty has be5 pleas$ to give t p[] :i* _c be 9 any creat$ be+ b m]ely by ! good pleasure & b\nty ( ! ,creator1 = ,i see no contradiction 9 x1 t ! fir/ et]nal ?9k+ ,be+ %\ld1 if he pleas$1 give to c]ta9 sy/ems ( creat$ s5seless matt]1 put toge!r z he ?9ks fit1 "s degrees ( s5se1 p]ception & ?\ght4 ,^? are ! words ( a pr(\nd1 religi\s & mode/ man4 ,we "k :at qu>rels he _h to und]go on acc\nt ( ?is op9ion :i* appe>$ bold1 b :i* 0 9 fact 9 him only a consequ5ce ( 8 conviction ( ! omnipot5ce ( ,god & ! weakness ( man4 ,he did n say t matt] ?\ght2 b he said t we h n en\gh k to demon/rate t x is impossible = ,god to add ! gift ( ?\ght to ! unkn[n be+ call$ matt]1 aft] accord+ x ! gift ( gravitation & ! gift ( movem5t1 bo? ( :i* are equally incompreh5sible4 ,locke 0 n assur$ly ! only "o :o _h advanc$ ?is op9ion2 x 0 ! op9ion ( all antiquity1 :o1 reg>d+ ! s\l z v unre/rict$ matt]1 affirm$ consequ5tly t matt] c\ld feel & ?9k4 ,x 0 ,gass5di's op9ion1 z may be se5 9 8 objections to ,desc>tes4 ,x is true1 says ,gass5di1 t y "k :at y ?9k2 b y are ignorant ( :at species ( sub/ance y are1 y :o ?9k4 ,?us al?\gh ! op]ation ( ?\ght is kn[n to y1 ! pr9ciple ( y\r ess5ce is hidd5 f y2 & y d n "k :at is ! nature ( ?is sub/ance1 "o ( ! op]ations ( :i* is to ?9k4 ,y are l a bl9d man :o1 feel+ ! heat ( ! sun & be+ in=m$ t x is caus$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 ?9ks he has a cle> & di/9ct idea ( ?is lum9>y2 because if he 7 ask$ :at ! sun 01 he c\ld reply t x is a ?+ :i* heats1 etc4 ,! same ,gass5di1 9 8 ,epicurean ,philosophy1 repeats sev]al times t !re is no ma!matical evid5ce ( ! pure spirituality ( ! s\l4 ,desc>tes1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ! ,palat9e ,pr9cess ,elisabe?1 says to h]--,i confess t by ! natural reason alone we c make _m conjectures on ! s\l1 & h gratify+ hopes1 b no c]ta9ty4 ,& 9 t s5t5ce ,desc>tes combats 9 8 lett]s :at he puts =w>d 9 8 works2 a too ord9>y contradiction4 ,9 f9e we h se5 t all ! ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ur*1 :ile believ+ ! s\l immortal1 believ$ x at ! same "t mat]ial2 !y ?\ght t x is z easy = ,god to cons]ve z to create4 ,!y said--,god made ! s\l ?9k+1 ,he w pres]ve x ?9k+4 ,malebran*e has prov$ v well t we h no idea by ourselves1 & t objects are incapable ( giv+ u ideas3 f t he concludes t we see ev]y?+ 9 ,god4 ,t is at ! bottom ! same ?+ z mak+ ,god ! au?or ( all our ideas2 = ) :at %\ld we see 9 ,him1 if we _h n in/rum5ts = see+8 & ^! in/rum5ts1 x is ,he alone :o holds !m & guides !m4 ,?is sy/em is a labyr9?1 "o lane ( :i* w\ld lead y to ,sp9ozism1 ano!r to ,/oicism1 ano!r to *aos4 ,:5 "o has _h a good argum5t ab\t _s & matt]1 "o always f9i%es by n und]/&+ ea* o!r4 ,no philosoph] has be5 able ) 8 own /r5g? to lift ?is veil /ret*$ by nature ov] all ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ?+s4 ,m5 argue1 nature acts4 ,,section ,,iii ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,animals1 ,,& ,,( ,,"s ,,empty ,,ideas ,be=e ! /range sy/em :i* supposes animals to be pure ma*9es )\t any s5sation1 m5 _h nev] ?\ght t ! bea/s possess$ an immat]ial s\l2 & nobody _h pu%$ recklessness to ! po9t ( say+ t an oy/] has a spiritual s\l4 ,ev]yone concurr$ peaceably 9 agree+ t ! bea/s _h receiv$ f ,god feel+1 memory1 ideas1 & no pure _s4 ,nobody _h abus$ ! gift ( reason to ! po9t ( say+ t nature _h giv5 ! bea/s all ! organs ( feel+ s t !y might n feel any?+4 ,nobody _h said t !y cry :5 !y are w\nd$1 & t !y fly :5 pursu$1 )\t exp]i5c+ pa9 or fe>4 ,at t "t p did n d5y ! omnipot5ce ( ,god2 ,he _h be5 able to communicate to ! organiz$ matt] ( animals pleasure1 pa91 remembrance1 ! comb9ation ( a few ideas2 ,he _h be5 able to give to sev]al ( !m1 su* z ! monkey1 ! elephant1 ! hunt+-dog1 ! tal5t ( p]fect+ !mselves 9 ! arts :i* 7 taught to !m2 n only _h ,he be5 able to end[ ne>ly all c>nivor\s animals ) ! tal5t ( w>r+ bett] 9 _! exp]i5c$ old age ?an 9 _! too tru/ful y\?2 n only1 ,i say1 _h ,he be5 able to d ^! ?+s1 b ,he _h done !m3 ! univ]se bore witness !reto4 ,p]eira & ,desc>tes ma9ta9$ t ! univ]se 0 mi/ak51 t ,god 0 a juggl]1 t ,he _h giv5 animals all ! in/rum5ts ( life & s5sation1 s t !y might h nei!r life nor s5sation1 prop]ly speak+4 ,b ,i d n "k :at s-call$ philosoph]s1 9 ord] to answ] ,desc>tes' *im]a1 leap$ into ! opposite *im]a2 !y gave lib]ally ( pure _s to ! toads & ! insects4 ,betwe5 ^! two madnesses1 ! "o refus+ feel+ to ! organs ( feel+1 ! o!r lodg+ a pure _s 9 a bug1 somebody ?\ght ( a middle pa?4 ,x 0 in/9ct4 ,& :at is in/9ct8 ,oh1 oh1 x is a sub/antial =m2 x is a pla/ic =m2 x is ,i d n "k :at6 x is in/9ct4 ,i %all be ( y\r op9ion s long z y w call ! majority ( ?+s1 ,i d n "k :at2 s long z y\r philosophy beg9s & ends ) ,i d n "k :at1 ,i %all quote ,prior to y 9 8 poem on ! vanity ( ! _w4 ,! au?or ( ! article ,,s\l 9 ! ,encyclop$ia expla9s himself l ?is3--,i picture ! animals' s\l z an immat]ial & intellig5t sub/ance1 b ( :at species8 ,x mu/1 x seems to me1 be an active pr9ciple :i* has s5sations1 & :i* has only t4444 ,if we reflect on ! nature ( ! s\l ( animals1 x supplies u ) gr\ndwork :i* might lead u to ?9k t its spirituality w save x f annihilation4 ,i d n "k h[ "o pictures an immat]ial sub/ance4 ,to picture some?+ is to make an image ( x2 & up till n[ nobody has be5 able to pa9t ! _s4 ,= ! ^w picture1 ,i want ! au?or to und]/& ,i conceive2 speak+ = myself1 ,i confess ,i d n conceive x4 ,i confess /ill less t a spiritual s\l may be annihilat$1 because ,i d n conceive ei!r creation or non-exi/5ce2 because ,i h nev] be5 pres5t at ,god's c\ncil2 because ,i "k no?+ at all ab\t ! pr9ciple ( ?+s4 ,if ,i wi% to prove t ! s\l is a real be+1 someone /ops me by tell+ me t x is a faculty4 ,if ,i ass]t t x is a faculty1 & t ,i h ! faculty ( ?9k+1 ,i am told t ,i am mi/ak52 t ,god1 ! et]nal ma/] ( all nature1 does ev]y?+ 9 me1 & directs all my actions & all my ?\ghts2 t if ,i produc$ my ?\ghts1 ,i %\ld "k ! ?\ght ,i w h 9 a m9ute2 t ,i nev] "k x2 t ,i am only an automaton ) s5sations & ideas1 necess>ily dep5d5t1 & 9 ! h&s ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 inf9itely m compliant to ,him ?an clay is to ! pott]4 ,i confess my ignorance1 !re=e2 ,i av[ t f\r ?\s& tomes ( metaphysics w n tea* u :at our s\l is4 ,an or?odox philosoph] said to a het]odox philosoph]--,h[ h y be5 able to come to ! po9t ( imag9+ t ! s\l is mortal by nature1 & et]nal only by ! pure wi% ( ,god8 ,by my own exp]i5ce1 said ! o!r4 ,h[6 are y dead8 ,yes1 v (t54 ,i suff]$ f epilepsy 9 my y\?1 & ,i assure y t ,i 0 completely dead = sev]al h\rs4 ,no s5sation1 no remembrance ev5 ( ! mom5t t ,i fell ill4 ,! same ?+ happ5s to me n[ ne>ly e night4 ,i nev] feel ! precise mom5t t ,i g to sleep2 my sleep is absolutely dreamless4 ,i _c imag9e by conjecture h[ long ,i h slept4 ,i am dead regul>ly six h\rs out ( ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,t is a qu>t] ( my life4 ,! or?odox !n ass]t$ t he always ?\ght dur+ 8 sleep )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t x4 ,! het]odox answ]$ him--,i believe ?r\gh revelation t ,i %all always ?9k 9 ! o!r life2 b ,i assure y ,i ?9k r>ely 9 ?is "o4 ,! or?odox 0 n mi/ak5 9 ass]t+ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 = fai? & reason demon/rate ?is tru?2 b he might be mi/ak5 9 ass]t+ t a sleep+ man always ?9ks4 ,locke admitt$ frankly t he did n always ?9k :ile he 0 asleep3 ano!r philosoph] has said--,?\ght is *>act]i/ic ( man2 b x is n 8 ess5ce4 ,let u leave to ea* man ! lib]ty & consolation ( seek+ himself1 & ( los+ himself 9 8 ideas4 ,x is good1 h[ev]1 to "k1 t 9 #agcj a philosoph]#ba suff]$ a sev]e en\gh p]secution = hav+ confess$1 ) ,locke1 t 8 und]/&+ 0 n ex]cis$ at e mom5t ( ! day & night1 j z he did n use 8 arms & 8 legs at all mom5ts4 ,n only did c\rt ignorance p]secute him1 b ! malignant influ5ce ( a few s-call$ m5 ( lett]s 0 let loose aga9/ him4 ,:at 9 ,engl& _h produc$ m]ely a few philosophical disputes1 produc$ 9 ,france ! mo/ c[>dly atrocities2 a ,fr5*man suff]$ by ,locke4 ,!re h always be5 9 ! mud ( our lit]ature m ?an "o ( ^! miscreants :o h sold _! p5s1 & intrigu$ aga9/ _! b5efactors ev54 ,?is rem>k is r =eign to ! article ,,s\l2 b %\ld "o miss an opportunity ( dismay+ ^? :o make !mselves unwor?y ( ! "n ( m5 ( lett]s1 :o pro/itute ! little m9d & consci5ce !y h to a vile self-int]e/1 to a fanta/ic policy1 :o betray _! fri5ds to flatt] fools1 :o 9 secret p[d] ! hemlock :i* ! p[]ful & malici\s ignoramus wants to make useful citiz5s dr9k8 ,9 %ort1 :ile we wor%ip ,god ) all our s\l1 let u confess always our pr(\nd ignorance ( ?is s\l1 ( ?is faculty ( feel+ & ?9k+ :i* we possess f ,8 inf9ite goodness4 ,let u av[ t our feeble reason+s c take no?+ away f1 or add any?+ to revelation & fai?4 ,let u conclude 9 f9e t we %\ld use ?is intellig5ce1 ! nature ( :i* is unkn[n1 = p]fect+ ! sci5ces :i* are ! object ( ! ,encyclop$ia2 j z wat*mak]s use spr+s 9 _! wat*es1 )\t kn[+ :at a spr+ is4 ,,section ,,iv ,,ab\t ,,! ,,s\l1 ,,& ,,ab\t ,,our ,,little ,,k ,on ! te/imony ( our acquir$ k1 we h d>$ "q :e!r ! s\l is creat$ be=e u1 :e!r x comes f non-exi/5ce into our body8 at :at age x came to settle betwe5 a bladd] & ! inte/9es ccum & rectum8 if x br\ght ideas ) x or receiv$ !m !re1 & :at are ^! ideas8 if aft] animat+ u = a few mom5ts1 its ess5ce is to live aft] u into et]nity )\t ! int]v5tion ( ,god ,himself8 if be+ _s1 & ,god be+ _s1 !y are bo? ( l nature8 ,^! que/ions seem sublime2 :at are !y8 que/ions ab\t light by m5 born bl9d4 ,:at h all ! philosoph]s1 anci5t & mod]n1 taught u8 a *ild is wis] ?an !y are2 he does n ?9k ab\t ?+s ( :i* he c =m no conception4 ,y w say t x is sad = our insatiable curiosity1 = our inexhau/ible ?ir/ = happ9ess1 to be ?us ignorant ( ourselves6 ,i agree1 & !re are /ill sadd] ?+s2 b ,i %all answ] y3 ,sors tua mortalis1 non e/ mortale quod optas4 --,ovid1 ,met4 ,,ii4 #ef ,y h a man's fate1 & a god's desires4 ,once aga91 x seems t ! nature ( e pr9ciple ( ?+s is ! ,creator's secret4 ,h[ does ! air c>ry s\nd8 h[ are animals =m$8 h[ d "s ( our limbs con/antly obey our wills8 :at h& puts ideas 9 our memory1 keeps !m !re z 9 a regi/]1 & pulls !m out sometimes :5 we want !m & sometimes 9 spite ( ourselves8 ,our nature1 ! nature ( ! univ]se1 ! nature ( ! lea/ plant1 ev]y?+ = u is sunk 9 a %ad[y pit4 ,man is an act+1 feel+1 ?9k+ be+3 t is all we "k ( him3 x is n giv5 to u to "k :at makes u feel & ?9k1 or :at makes u act1 or :at makes u exi/4 ,! act+ faculty is z incompreh5sible = u z ! ?9k+ faculty4 ,! difficulty is less to conceive h[ a body ( mud has feel+s & ideas1 ?an to conceive h[ a be+1 :atev] x be1 has ideas & feel+s4 ,"h on "o side ! s\l ( ,ar*im$es1 on ! o!r ! s\l ( an idiot2 are !y ( ! same nature8 ,if _! ess5ce is to ?9k1 !y ?9k always1 & indep5d5tly ( ! body :i* _c act )\t !m4 ,if !y ?9k by _! own nature1 c ! species ( a s\l :i* _c d a sum 9 ari?metic be ! same z t :i* measur$ ! heav5s8 ,if x is ! organs ( ! body :i* made ,ar*im$es ?9k1 :y is x t my idiot1 :o has a /rong] con/itution ?an ,ar*im$es1 :o is m vigor\s1 dige/s bett] & p]=ms all 8 functions bett]1 does n ?9k at all8 ,x is1 y say1 because 8 bra9 is n s good4 ,b y are mak+ a supposition2 y d n "k at all4 ,no diff]5ce has ev] be5 f\nd betwe5 heal?y bra9s t h be5 dissect$4 ,x is ev5 v probable t a fool's c]ebellum w be 9 bett] condition ?an ,ar*im$es'1 :i* has work$ prodigi\sly1 & :i* might be worn out & %rivell$4 ,let u conclude !re=e :at we h already conclud$1 t we are ignoramuses ab\t all fir/ pr9ciples4 ,z reg>ds ignoramuses :o pride !mselves on _! k1 !y are f> inf]ior to monkeys4 ,n[ dispute1 *ol]ic argu]s3 pres5t y\r petitions aga9/ ea* o!r2 pr(f] y\r insults1 pron\nce y\r s5t5ces1 y :o d n "k "o ^w ab\t ! matt]4 ,,section ,v ,,( ,,w>burton',s ,,p>adox ,,on ,,! ,,immortality ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,w>burton1 editor & comm5tator ( ,%akespe>e & ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]1 mak+ use ( ,engli% fre$om1 & abuse ( ! cu/om ( hurl+ insults at "o's adv]s>ies1 has compos$ f\r volumes to prove t ! immortality ( ! s\l 0 nev] ann\nc$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 & to conclude f ?is same pro( t ,moses' mission is div9e4 ,"h is ! prcis ( 8 book1 :i* he himself gives1 pages #g & #h ( ! fir/ volume4 #a4 ,! doctr9e ( a life to come1 ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts aft] dea?1 is necess>y to all civil society4 #b4 ,! :ole human race 7& ?is is :]e he is mi/ak571 & especially ! wise/ & mo/ le>n$ nations ( antiquity1 concurr$ 9 believ+ & tea*+ ?is doctr9e4 #c4 ,x _c be f\nd 9 any passage ( ! law ( ,moses2 !re=e ! law ( ,moses is ( div9e orig94 ,:i* ,i am go+ to prove by ! two foll[+ syllogisms3 ,fir/ ,syllogism ,e religion1 e society t has n ! immortality ( ! s\l = its basis1 c be ma9ta9$ only by an extraord9>y provid5ce2 ! ,jewi% religion _h n ! immortality ( ! s\l = basis2 !re=e ! ,jewi% religion 0 ma9ta9$ by an extraord9>y provid5ce4 ,second ,syllogism ,all ! anci5t legislators h said t a religion :i* did n tea* ! immortality ( ! s\l c\ld n be ma9ta9$ b by an extraord9>y provid5ce2 ,moses f\nd$ a religion :i* is n f\nd$ on ! immortality ( ! s\l2 !re=e ,moses believ$ 8 religion ma9ta9$ by an extraord9>y provid5ce4 ,:at is mu* m extraord9>y is ?is ass]tion ( ,w>burton's1 :i* he has put 9 big lett]s at ! beg9n+ ( 8 book4 ,he has (t5 be5 reproa*$ ) ! extreme ra%ness & bad fai? ) :i* he d>es to say t all ! anci5t legislators believ$ t a religion :i* is n f\nd$ on pa9s & recomp5ses aft] dea?1 c be ma9ta9$ only by an extraord9>y provid5ce2 n "o ( !m ev] said x4 ,he does n und]take ev5 to give any example 9 8 huge book /uff$ ) a va/ numb] ( quotations1 all ( :i* are =eign to 8 subject4 ,he has buri$ himself b5ea? a pile ( ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors1 anci5t & mod]n1 = fe> "o might see ?r\gh him on ! o!r side ( a horrible multitude ( envelopes4 ,:5 criticism f9ally prob$ to ! bottom1 he 0 resurrect$ f among all ^! dead m5 9 ord] to load all 8 adv]s>ies ) insults4 ,x is true t t[>ds ! end ( 8 f\r? volume1 aft] hav+ walk$ ?r\gh a hundr$ labyr9?s1 & hav+ f\ght ) ev]ybody he met on ! road1 he comes at la/ to 8 great "q :i* he _h left !re4 ,he lays all ! blame on ! ,book ( ,job :i* passes among s*ol>s = an ,arab "w1 & he tries to prove t ,job did n believe 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,lat] he expla9s 9 8 own way all ! texts ( ,holy ,writ by :i* p h tri$ to combat ?is op9ion4 ,all "o c say ab\t x is t1 if he 0 "r1 x 0 n = a bi%op to be "r 9 su* a way4 ,he %\ld h felt t "o might draw dang]\s inf]5ces2 b ev]y?+ 9 ?is _w is a mass ( contradiction4 ,?is man1 :o became accus] & p]secutor1 0 n made bi%op by a m9i/] ( /ate's patronage until imm$iately aft] he _h writt5 8 book4 ,at ,salamanca1 ,coimbre or ,rome1 he w\ld h be5 oblig$ to recant & to ask p>don4 ,9 ,engl& he became a pe] ( ! realm ) an income ( a hundr$ ?\s& livres2 x 0 en\gh to modify 8 me?ods4 ,,section ,,vi ,,( ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,,revelation ,! greate/ b5efit we owe to ! ,new ,te/am5t is t x has reveal$ to u ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,x is 9 va91 !re=e1 t ?is fell[ ,w>burton tri$ to cl\d ov] ?is important tru?1 by cont9ually repres5t+ 9 8 legation ( ,moses t ! anci5t ,jews knew no?+ ( ?is necess>y dogma1 & t ! ,sadducees did n admit x 9 ! "t ( our ,"l ,jesus4 ,he int]prets 9 8 own way ! v words t h be5 put into ,jesus ,*ri/'s m\?3 444 h ye n read t :i* 0 spok5 unto y by ,god1 say+1 ,i am ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ! ,god ( ,isaac1 & ! ,god ( ,jacob8 ,god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+ 7,/4 ,matt4 xxii4 #ca1 #cb74 ,he gives to ! p>able ( ! wick$ ri* man a s5se contr>y to t ( all ! ,*ur*es4 ,%]lock1 ,bi%op ( ,london1 & tw5ty o!r s*ol>s refut$ him4 ,engli% philosoph]s ev5 reproa*$ him ) ! sc&al ( an ,anglican bi%op manife/+ an op9ion s contr>y to ! ,anglican ,*ur*2 & aft] t1 ?is man takes x into 8 head to treat ^! p]sons z impi\s3 l ! "* ( ,arlequ9 9 ! com$y ( ! ,dvaliseur de maisons1 :o1 aft] ?r[+ ! furniture out ( ! w9d[1 sees a man c>ry+ "s ( x (f1 & cries ) all 8 might ,/op ?ief6 ,"o %\ld bless ! revelation ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts aft] dea?1 all ! m t mank9d's va9 philosophy has always be5 sceptical ( x4 ,! great ,cs> did n believe 9 x at all1 he made himself q cle> 9 full s5ate :51 9 ord] to /op ,catal9a be+ put to dea?1 he repres5t$ t dea? left man )\t s5sation1 t ev]y?+ di$ ) him2 & nobody refut$ ?is view4 ,! ,roman ,empire 0 divid$ betwe5 two pr9cipal sects3 t ( ,epicurus :i* ass]t$ t deity 0 useless to ! _w1 & t ! s\l p]i%$ ) ! body3 & t ( ! ,/oics :o reg>d$ ! s\l z "p ( ! ,deity1 :i* aft] dea? 0 jo9$ aga9 to its orig91 to ! great ev]y?+ f :i* x emanat$4 ,?us1 :e!r "o believ$ ! s\l mortal1 or :e!r "o believ$ x immortal1 all ! sects 7 agre$ 9 laugh+ at pa9s & puni%m5ts aft] dea?4 ,we /ill h a hundr$ monum5ts ( ?is belief ( ! ,romans4 ,x is by virtue ( ?is op9ion grav$ pr(\ndly 9 _! he>ts1 t s _m simple ,roman citiz5s kill$ !mselves )\t ! lea/ scruple2 !y did n wait = a tyrant to h& !m ov] to ! execution]s4 ,! mo/ virtu\s m5 ev51 & ^? mo/ p]suad$ ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 hop$ = no rew>d1 & fe>$ no puni%m5t4 ,clem5t1 :o lat] 0 ,pope & sa9t1 began by himself d\bt+ :at ! e>ly ,*ri/ians said ( ano!r life1 & consult$ ,/4 ,pet] at ,cs>ea4 ,we are f> f believ+ t ,/4 ,clem5t wrote ! hi/ory t is attribut$ to him2 b ?is hi/ory makes evid5t ! ne$ ! human race _h ( a precise revelation4 ,all t c surprise u is t s repressive & salut>y a doctr9e has left a prey to s _m horrible crimes m5 :o h s little "t to live1 & :o see !mselves squeez$ betwe5 two et]nities4 ,,section ,,vii ,,s\ls ,,( ,,fools ,,& ,,mon/]s ,a de=m$ *ild is born absolutely imbecile1 x has no ideas & lives )\t ideas2 we h se5 examples ( ?is4 ,h[ %all ?is animal be def9$8 doctors h said t x is some?+ betwe5 man & bea/2 o!rs h said t x _h a s5sitive s\l1 b n an intellectual s\l4 ,x eats1 dr9ks1 sleeps1 wakes1 has s5sations2 b x does n ?9k4 ,is !re ano!r life = ?is creature1 or is !re none8 ,! "q has be5 pos$1 & has n yet be5 completely answ]$4 ,"s say t ?is creature mu/ h a s\l1 because its fa!r & "m _h "o4 ,b by ?is reason+ "o w\ld prove t if x came into ! _w )\t a nose x w\ld be deem$ to h "o1 because its fa!r & its "m _h noses4 ,a woman gives bir? to *ild ) no *91 its =ehead is rec$+ & r black1 its nose is slim & po9t$1 its eyes are r\nd1 x be>s n a bad resemblance to a swall[2 ! re/ ( its body1 nev]!less1 is made l ours4 ,! p>5ts h x baptis$2 by a plurality ( votes x is consid]$ a man & possessor ( an immortal s\l4 ,b if ?is ridicul\s little figure has po9t$ nails & beak-l m\?1 x is decl>$ a mon/]1 x has no s\l1 & is n baptis$4 ,x is well kn[n t 9 ,london 9 #agbf !re 0 a woman :o gave bir? e week to a rabbit4 ,no difficulty 0 made ab\t refus+ baptism to ?is *ild1 despite ! epidemic mania !re 0 = ?ree weeks 9 ,london = believ+ t ?is poor rogue 0 mak+ wild rabbits4 ,! surgeon :o att5d$ h]1 ,/4 ,&r by "n1 swore t no?+ 0 m true1 & p believ$ him4 ,b :at reason did ! cr$ul\s h = refus+ a s\l to ?is woman's *ildr58 %e _h a s\l1 h] *ildr5 %\ld be provid$ ) s\ls also2 :e!r !y _h h&s1 :e!r !y _h paws1 :e!r !y 7 born ) a little sn\t or ) a face2 _c ! ,supreme ,be+ be/[ ! gift ( ?\ght & s5sation on a little ,i "k n :at1 born ( a woman1 %ap$ l a rabbit1 z well z to a little ,i "k n :at1 %ap$ l a man8 ,%all ! s\l t 0 ready to lodge 9 ?is woman's foetus g back aga9 into space8 ,locke makes ! s\nd obs]vation1 ab\t mon/]s1 t "o mu/ n attribute immortality to ! ext]ior ( a body2 t ! =m has no?+ to d ) x4 ,?is immortality1 he says1 is no m atta*$ to ! =m ( 8 face or 8 *e/1 ?an to ! way 8 be>d is dress$ or 8 coat cut4 ,he asks :at is ! exact measure ( de=mity by :i* y c recognize :e!r or no a *ild has a s\l8 ,:at is ! precise degree at :i* x mu/ be decl>$ a mon/] & depriv$ ( a s\l8 ,"o asks /ill fur!r :at w\ld be a s\l :i* nev] has any b fanta/ic ideas8 !re are "s :i* nev] escape f !m4 ,are !y wor?y or unwor?y8 :at is to be done ) _! pure _s8 ,:at is "o to ?9k ( a *ild ) two heads8 )\t de=mity ap>t f ?is8 ,"s say t x has two s\ls because x is provid$ ) two p9eal gl&s1 ) two corpus callosum1 ) two s5sorium commune4 ,o!rs reply t "o _c h two s\ls :5 "o has only "o *e/ & "o navel4#bb ,9 f9e1 s _m que/ions h be5 ask$ ab\t ?is poor human s\l1 t if x 7 necess>y to answ] !m all1 ?is exam9ation ( its own p]son w\ld cause x ! mo/ intol]able bor$om4 ,!re w\ld happ5 to x :at happ5$ to ,c>d9al de ,polignac at a conclave4 ,8 /ew>d1 tir$ ( nev] be+ able to make him settle 8 acc\nts1 made ! j\rney f ,rome1 & came to ! little w9d[ ( 8 cell burd5$ ) an imm5se bundle ( pap]s4 ,he read = ne>ly two h\rs4 ,at la/1 see+ t no reply 0 =?com+1 he put 8 head =w>d4 ,! c>d9al _h dep>t$ ne>ly two h\rs be=e4 ,our s\ls w dep>t be=e _! /ew>ds h acqua9t$ !m ) ! facts3 b let u be exact be=e ,god1 :atev] sort ( ignoramuses we are1 we & our /ew>ds4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,voltaire himself4 #bb ,! ,*evali] d',angos1 le>n$ a/ronom]1 has c>efully obs]v$ a two-head$ liz>d = sev]al days2 & he has assur$ himself t ! liz>d _h two indep5d5t wills1 ea* ( :i* _h an almo/ equal p[] ov] ! body4 ,:5 ! liz>d 0 giv5 a piece ( bread1 9 su* a way t x c\ld see x ) only "o head1 ?is head want$ to g aft] ! bread1 & ! o!r want$ ! body to rema9 at re/4 ,,/ates1 ,,gov]nm5ts ,! ins & outs ( all gov]nm5ts h be5 closely exam9$ rec5tly4 ,tell me !n1 y :o h travell$1 9 :at /ate1 "u :at sort ( gov]nm5t y w\ld *oose to be born4 ,i imag9e t a great l&-own+ "l 9 ,france w\ld n be vex$ to be born 9 ,g]many2 he w\ld be sov]eign in/ead ( subject4 ,a pe] ( ,france w\ld be v glad to h ! privileges ( ! ,engli% pe]age2 he w\ld be legislator4 ,! lawy] & ! f9anci] w\ld be bett] (f 9 ,france ?an else:]e4 ,b :at c\ntry w\ld a wise1 free man1 a man ) a mod]ate =tune1 & )\t prejudices1 *oose8 ,a memb] ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,pondi*]ry1 a le>n$ man en\gh1 return$ to ,europe by l& ) a ,brahm9 bett] educat$ ?an ! ord9>y ,brahm94 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,great ,mogul8 ask$ ! c\ncillor4 ,i ?9k x abom9able1 answ]$ ! ,brahm94 ,h[ c y expect a /ate to be happily gov]n$ by ! ,t>t>s8 ,our rajahs1 our omrahs1 our nabobs1 are v cont5t1 b ! citiz5s are h>dly s2 & millions ( citiz5s are some?+4 ,reason+1 ! c\ncillor & ! ,brahm9 trav]s$ ! :ole ( ,upp] ,asia4 ,i make ! obs]vation1 said ! ,brahm91 t !re is n "o republic 9 all ?is va/ "p ( ! _w4 ,=m]ly !re 0 ! republic ( ,tyre1 said ! c\ncillor1 b x did n la/ long2 !re 0 /ill ano!r "o 9 ! direction ( ,arabia ,petrea1 9 a little corn] call$ ,pale/9e1 if "o c hon\r ) ! "n ( republic a horde ( ?ieves & usur]s sometimes gov]n$ by judges1 sometimes by a species ( k+s1 sometimes by gr&-pontiffs1 become slave sev5 or eight times1 & f9ally driv5 out ( ! c\ntry :i* x _h usurp$4 ,i imag9e1 said ! ,brahm91 t "o ought to f9d v few republics on ! e>?4 ,m5 are r>ely wor?y ( gov]n+ !mselves4 ,?is happ9ess %\ld belong only to little peoples :o hide !mselves 9 isl&s1 or among ! m\nta9s1 l rabbits :o %un c>nivor\s bea/s2 b 9 ! long run !y are discov]$ & dev\r$4 ,:5 ! two travell]s rea*$ ,asia ,m9or1 ! c\ncillor said to ! ,brahm93 ,w\ld y believe t a republic 0 =m$ 9 a corn] ( ,italy1 :i* la/$ m ?an five hundr$ ye>s1 & :i* own$ ,asia ,m9or1 ,asia1 ,africa1 ,greece1 ,gaul1 ,spa9 & ! :ole ( ,italy8 ,%e soon became a mon>*y1 !n1 said ! ,brahm94 ,y h guess$ "r1 said ! o!r4 ,b ?is mon>*y fell1 & e day we compose beautiful diss]tations 9 ord] to f9d ! cause ( its decad5ce & d[nfall4 ,y take a deal ( tr\ble1 said ! ,indian4 ,?is empire fell because x exi/$4 ,ev]y?+ has to fall4 ,i hope z mu* w happ5 to ! ,gr& ,mogul's empire4 ,by ! way1 said ! ,european1 d y consid] t !re %\ld be m hon\r 9 a despotic /ate1 & m virtue 9 a republic8 ,! ,indian1 hav+ _h expla9$ to him :at we mean by hon\r1 answ]$ t hon\r 0 m necess>y 9 a republic1 & t "o _h m ne$ ( virtue 9 a mon>*ical /ate4 ,=1 said he1 a man :o claims to be elect$ by ! p1 w n be if he is di%on\r$2 :]eas at ! c\rt he c\ld easily obta9 a place1 9 accordance ) a great pr9ce's maxim1 t 9 ord] to succe$ a c\rti] %\ld h nei!r hon\r nor "*4 ,z reg>ds virtue1 "o mu/ be prodigi\sly virtu\s to d>e to say ! tru?4 ,! virtu\s man is mu* m at 8 ease 9 a republic2 he has no "o to flatt]4 ,d y ?9k1 said ! man f ,europe1 t laws & religions are made = climates1 j z "o has to h furs 9 ,mosc[1 & gauzy /uffs 9 ,delhi8 ,)\t a d\bt1 answ]$ ! ,brahm94 ,all ! laws :i* conc]n mat]ial ?+s are calculat$ = ! m]idian "o lives 94 ,a ,g]man ne$s only "o wife1 & a ,p]sian ?ree or f\r4 ,! rites ( religion are ( ! same nature4 ,h[1 if ,i 7 ,*ri/ian1 %\ld ,i say mass 9 my prov9ce :]e !re is nei!r bread nor w9e8 ,z reg>ds dogmas1 t is ano!r matt]2 ! climate has no?+ to d ) !m4 ,did n y\r religion beg9 9 ,asia1 :5ce x 0 driv5 out8 does x n exi/ ne> ! ,baltic ,sea1 :]e x 0 unkn[n8 ,9 :at /ate1 "u :at dom9ation1 w\ld y l be/ to live8 ask$ ! c\ncillor4 ,any:]e b :]e ,i d live1 answ]$ 8 companion4 ,& ,i h met _m ,siamese1 ,tonk9ese1 ,p]sians & ,turks :o said z mu*4 ,b1 once aga91 p]si/$ ! ,european1 :at /ate w\ld y *oose8 ,! ,brahm9 answ]$3 ,! /ate :]e only ! laws are obey$4 ,t is an old answ]1 said ! c\ncillor4 ,x is none ! worse = t1 said ! ,brahm94 ,:]e is t c\ntry8 ask$ ! c\ncillor4 ,we mu/ look = x1 answ]$ ! ,brahm94 ,,sup]/ition ,! sup]/iti\s man is to ! rogue :at ! slave is to ! tyrant4 ,fur!r1 ! sup]/iti\s man is gov]n$ by ! fanatic & becomes fanatic4 ,sup]/ition born 9 ,paganism1 adopt$ by ,judaism1 infe/$ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ! e>lie/ times4 ,all ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 )\t exception1 believ$ 9 ! p[] ( magic4 ,! ,*ur* always condemn$ magic1 b %e always believ$ 9 x3 %e did n excommunicate sorc]]s z madm5 :o 7 mi/ak51 b z m5 :o 7 really 9 communication ) ! devil4 ,to-day "o half ( ,europe ?9ks t ! o!r half has long be5 & /ill is sup]/iti\s4 ,! ,prote/ants reg>d ! relics1 ! indulg5ces1 ! mortifications1 ! pray]s = ! dead1 ! holy wat]1 & almo/ all ! rites ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 z a sup]/iti\s dem5tia4 ,sup]/ition1 accord+ to !m1 consi/s 9 tak+ useless practices = necess>y practices4 ,among ! ,roman ,ca?olics !re are "s m enlight5$ ?an _! ance/ors1 :o h r5\nc$ _m ( ^! usages =m]ly consid]$ sacr$2 & !y def5d !mselves aga9/ ! o!rs :o h reta9$ !m1 by say+3 ,!y are indiff]5t1 & :at is m]ely indiff]5t _c be an evil4 ,x is difficult to m>k ! limits ( sup]/ition4 ,a ,fr5*man travell+ 9 ,italy f9ds almo/ ev]y?+ sup]/iti\s1 & is h>dly mi/ak54 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury ma9ta9s t ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is is sup]/iti\s2 ! ,presbyt]ians make ! same reproa* aga9/ ,8 ,grace ( ,cant]bury1 & are 9 _! turn treat$ z sup]/iti\s by ! ,quak]s1 :o are ! mo/ sup]/iti\s ( all 9 ! eyes ( o!r ,*ri/ians4 ,9 ,*ri/ian societies1 !re=e1 no "o agrees z to :at sup]/ition is4 ,! sect :i* seems to be ! lea/ attack$ by ?is malady ( ! intellig5ce is t :i* has ! fewe/ rites4 ,b if ) few c]emonies x is /ill /rongly atta*$ to an absurd belief1 ?is absurd belief is equival5t alone to all ! sup]/iti\s practices obs]v$ f ! "t ( ,simon ! magician to t ( ,fa!r ,gauffridi4 ,x is !re=e cle> t x is ! fundam5tals ( ! religion ( "o sect :i* is consid]$ z sup]/ition by ano!r sect4 ,! ,moslems accuse all ,*ri/ian societies ( x1 & are !mselves accus$4 ,:o w judge ?is great matt]8 ,w x be reason8 ,b ea* sect claims to h reason on its side4 ,x w !re=e be =ce :i* w judge1 :ile await+ ! "t :5 reason w p5etrate a suffici5t numb] ( heads to dis>m =ce4 ,up to :at po9t does /atecraft p]mit sup]/ition to be de/roy$8 ,?is is a v ?orny "q2 x is l ask+ up to :at po9t "o %\ld make an incision 9 a dropsical p]son1 :o may die "u ! op]ation4 ,x is a matt] = ! doctor's discretion4 ,c !re exi/ a p free f all sup]/iti\s prejudices8 ,t is to ask--,c !re exi/ a nation ( philosoph]s8 ,x is said t !re is no sup]/ition 9 ! magi/rature ( ,*9a4 ,x is probable t none w rema9 9 ! magi/rature ( a few t[ns ( ,europe4 ,!n ! magi/rates w /op ! sup]/ition ( ! p f be+ dang]\s4 ,^! magi/rates' example w n enlight5 ! mob1 b ! pr9cipal p]sons ( ! middle-classes w hold ! mob 9 *eck4 ,!re is n p]haps a s+le riot1 a s+le religi\s outrage 9 :i* ! middle-classes 7 n =m]ly imbru$1 because ^! middle classes 7 !n ! mob2 b reason & "t w h *ang$ !m4 ,_! s(t5$ mann]s w s(t5 ^? ( ! l[e/ & mo/ savage populace2 x is a ?+ ( :i* we h /rik+ examples 9 m ?an "o c\ntry4 ,9 a ^w1 less sup]/ition1 less fanaticism2 & less fanaticism1 less mis]y4 ,,te>s ,te>s are ! mute language ( sorr[4 ,b :y8 ,:at connection is !re betwe5 a sad idea & ?is limpid1 salt liquid1 filt]$ ?r\gh a little gl& at ! ext]nal corn] ( ! eye1 :i* moi/5s ! conjunctiva & ! small la*rymal po9ts1 :5ce x desc5ds into ! nose & m\? ?r\gh ! res]voir call$ ! la*rymal sack & its ducts8 ,:y 9 wom5 & *ildr51 ^: organs are "p ( a frail & delicate network1 are te>s m easily excit$ by sorr[ ?an 9 gr[n m51 ^: tissue is firm]8 ,did nature wi% compassion to be born 9 u at sight ( ^! te>s :i* s(t5 u1 & lead u to help ^? :o %$ !m8 ,! woman ( a savage race is z firmly det]m9$ to help ! *ild t cries z w\ld be a woman ( ! c\rt1 & maybe m1 because %e has few] di/ractions & passions4 ,9 ! animal body ev]y?+ has an object )\t a d\bt4 ,! eyes especially be> su* evid5t1 su* prov51 su* admirable relation to ! rays ( light2 ?is me*anism is s div9e1 t ,i %\ld be tempt$ to take = a delirium ( burn+ fev] ! audacity :i* d5ies ! f9al causes ( ! /ructure ( our eyes4 ,! use ( te>s does n seem to h s well det]m9$ & /rik+ an object2 b x w\ld be beautiful t nature made !m fl[ 9 ord] to /ir u to pity4 ,!re are wom5 :o are accus$ ( weep+ :5 !y wi%4 ,i am n at all surpris$ at _! tal5t4 ,a live1 s5sitive1 t5d] imag9ation c fix itself on "s object1 on "s sorr[ful memory1 & picture x 9 su* dom9at+ col\rs t !y wr+ te>s f x4 ,x is :at happ5s to _m actors1 & pr9cipally to actresses1 on ! /age4 ,! wom5 :o imitate !m 9 _! own homes add to ?is tal5t ! petty fraud ( appe>+ to weep = _! husb&s1 :]eas 9 fact !y are weep+ = _! lov]s4 ,_! te>s are true1 b ! object ( !m is false4 ,"o asks :y ! same man :o has wat*$ ! mo/ atroci\s ev5ts dry-ey$1 :o ev5 has committ$ cold-blood$ crimes1 w weep at ! !atre at ! repres5tation ( ^! ev5ts & crimes8 ,x is t he does n see !m ) ! same eyes1 he sees !m ) ! eyes ( ! au?or & ! actor4 ,he is no long] ! same man2 he 0 a b>b>ian1 he 0 agitat$ by furi\s passions :5 he saw an innoc5t woman kill$1 :5 he /a9$ himself ) 8 fri5d's blood4 ,8 s\l 0 fill$ ) /ormy tumult2 x is tranquil1 x is empty2 nature returns to x2 he %$s virtu\s te>s4 ,t is ! true m]it1 ! great good ( ! !atres2 !re is a*iev$ :at c nev] be a*iev$ by ! frigid declamations ( an orator paid to bore ! :ole ( an audi5ce = an h\r4 ,david ! capit\l1 :o1 )\t emotion1 caus$ & saw ! dea? ( innoc5t ,calas on ! :eel1 w\ld h %$ te>s at ! sight ( 8 own crime 9 a well-writt5 & well-spok5 trag$y4 ,x is ?us t ,pope has said 9 ! prologue to ,addison's ,cato3-- ,tyrants no m _! savage nature kept2 ,& foes to virtue wond]$ h[ !y wept4 ,,!i/ ,! !i/ is a man firmly p]suad$ ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,be+ z good z ,he is p[]ful1 :o has =m$ all be+s ) ext5sion1 vegetat+1 s5ti5t & reflect+2 :o p]petuates _! species1 :o puni%es crimes )\t cruelty1 & rew>ds virtu\s actions ) k9dness4 ,! !i/ does n "k h[ ,god puni%es1 h[ he protects1 h[ he p>dons1 = he is n reckless en\gh to flatt] himself t he kn[s h[ ,god acts1 b he kn[s t ,god acts & t ,he is j4 ,difficulties aga9/ ,provid5ce d n %ake him 9 8 fai?1 because !y are m]ely great difficulties1 & n pro(s4 ,he submits to ?is ,provid5ce1 al?\gh he p]ceives b a few effects & a few signs ( ?is ,provid5ce3 &1 judg+ ( ! ?+s he does n see by ! ?+s he sees1 he consid]s t ?is ,provid5ce rea*es all places & all c5turies4 ,reconcil$ 9 ?is pr9ciple ) ! re/ ( ! univ]se1 he does n embrace any ( ! sects1 all ( :i* contradict ea* o!r2 8 religion is ! mo/ anci5t & ! mo/ widespread2 = ! simple wor%ip ( a ,god has prec$$ all ! sy/ems ( ! _w4 ,he speaks a language t all peoples und]/&1 :ile !y d n und]/& "o ano!r4 ,he has bro!rs f ,pek9 to ,cay5ne1 & he c\nts all wise m5 z 8 bre?r54 ,he believes t religion does n consi/ ei!r 9 ! op9ions ( an un9telligible metaphysic1 or 9 va9 display1 b 9 wor%ip & ju/ice4 ,! do+ ( good1 !re is 8 s]vice2 be+ submissive to ,god1 !re is 8 doctr9e4 ,! ,mahometan cries to him--,h a c>e if y d n make ! pilgrimage to ,mecca6 ,woe unto y1 says a ,recollet1 if y d n make a j\rney to ,notre-,dame de ,lorette6 ,he laughs at ,lorette & at ,mecca2 b he succ\rs ! ne$y & def5ds ! oppress$4 ,,tol]ance ,:at is tol]ance8 x is ! consequ5ce ( humanity4 ,we are all =m$ ( frailty & error2 let u p>don reciprocally ea* o!r's folly--t is ! fir/ law ( nature4 ,x is cle> t ! individual :o p]secutes a man1 8 bro!r1 because he is n ( ! same op9ion1 is a mon/]4 ,t admits ( no difficulty4 ,b ! gov]nm5t6 b ! magi/rates6 b ! pr9ces6 h[ d !y treat ^? :o h ano!r wor%ip ?an !irs8 ,if !y are p[]ful /rang]s1 x is c]ta9 t a pr9ce w make an alliance ) !m4 ,franois ,i41 v ,*ri/ian1 w unite ) ,mussulmans aga9/ ,*>les ,v41 v ,ca?olic4 ,franois ,i4 w give money to ! ,lu!rans ( ,g]many to support !m 9 _! revolt aga9/ ! emp]or2 b1 9 accordance ) cu/om1 he w />t by hav+ ,lu!rans burn$ at home4 ,= political reasons he pays !m 9 ,saxony2 = political reasons he burns !m 9 ,p>is4 ,b :at w happ58 ,p]secutions make proselytes8 ,soon ,france w be full ( new ,prote/ants4 ,at fir/ !y w let !mselves be hang$1 lat] !y 9 _! turn w hang4 ,!re w be civil w>s1 !n w come ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew2 & ?is corn] ( ! _w w be worse ?an all t ! anci5ts & mod]ns h ev] told ( hell4 ,madm51 :o h nev] be5 able to give wor%ip to ! ,god :o made y6 ,miscreants1 :om ! example ( ! ,noa*ides1 ! le>n$ ,*9ese1 ! ,p>sees & all ! sages1 has nev] be5 able to lead6 ,mon/]s1 :o ne$ sup]/itions z cr[s' gizz>ds ne$ c>rion6 y h be5 told x already1 & !re is no?+ else to tell y--if y h two religions 9 y\r c\ntries1 !y w cut ea* o!r's ?roat2 if y h ?irty religions1 !y w dwell 9 peace4 ,look at ! great ,turk1 he gov]ns ,guebres1 ,banians1 ,greek ,*ri/ians1 ,ne/orians1 ,romans4 ,! fir/ :o tri$ to /ir up tumult w\ld be impal$2 & ev]yone is tranquil4 ,( all religions1 ! ,*ri/ian is )\t d\bt ! "o :i* %\ld inspire tol]ance mo/1 al?\gh up to n[ ! ,*ri/ians h be5 ! mo/ intol]ant ( all m54 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 divid$ 9 its cradle1 & 0 divid$ ev5 9 ! p]secutions :i* "u ! fir/ emp]ors x sometimes endur$4 ,(t5 ! m>tyr 0 reg>d$ z an apo/ate by 8 bre?r51 & ! ,c>pocratian ,*ri/ian expir$ b5ea? ! sword ( ! ,roman execution]s1 excommunicat$ by ! ,ebionite ,*ri/ian1 ! :i* ,ebionite 0 ana!ma to ! ,sabellian4 ,?is horrible discord1 :i* has la/$ = s _m c5turies1 is a v /rik+ lesson t we %\ld p>don ea* o!r's errors2 discord is ! great ill ( mank9d2 & tol]ance is ! only rem$y = x4 ,!re is nobody :o is n 9 agreem5t ) ?is tru?1 :e!r he m$itates sob]ly 9 8 /udy1 or peaceably exam9es ! tru? ) 8 fri5ds4 ,:y !n d ! same m5 :o admit 9 private indulg5ce1 k9dness1 ju/ice1 rise 9 public ) s mu* fury aga9/ ^! virtues8 ,:y8 x is t _! own int]e/ is _! god1 & t !y sacrifice ev]y?+ to ?is mon/] t !y wor%ip4 ,i possess a dignity & a p[] f\nd$ on ignorance & cr$ulity2 ,i walk on ! heads ( ! m5 :o lie pro/rate at my feet2 if !y %\ld rise & look me 9 ! face1 ,i am lo/2 ,i mu/ b9d !m to ! gr\nd1 !re=e1 ) iron *a9s4 ,?us h reason$ ! m5 :om c5turies ( bigotry h made p[]ful4 ,!y h o!r p[]ful m5 b5ea? !m1 & ^! h /ill o!rs1 :o all enri* !mselves ) ! spoils ( ! poor1 gr[ fat on _! blood1 & laugh at _! /upidity4 ,!y all dete/ tol]ance1 z p>tisans gr[n ri* at ! public exp5se fe> to r5d] _! acc\nts1 & z tyrants dread ! ^w lib]ty4 ,& !n1 to cr[n ev]y?+1 !y hire fanatics to cry at ! top ( _! voices3 ,respect my ma/]'s absurdities1 tremble1 pay1 & keep y\r m\?s %ut4 ,x is ?us t a great "p ( ! _w long 0 treat$2 b to-day :5 s _m sects make a balance ( p[]1 :at c\rse to take ) !m8 ,e sect1 z "o kn[s1 is a gr\nd ( error2 !re are no sects ( geomet]s1 algebrai/s1 ari?meticians1 because all ! propositions ( geometry1 algebra & ari?metic are true4 ,9 e o!r sci5ce "o may be deceiv$4 ,:at ,?omi/ or ,scoti/ !ologian w\ld d>e say s]i\sly t he is sure ( 8 case8 ,if x 7 p]mitt$ to reason consi/5tly 9 religi\s matt]s1 x is cle> t we all ought to become ,jews1 because ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savi\r 0 born a ,jew1 liv$ a ,jew1 di$ a ,jew1 & t he said expressly t he 0 accompli%+1 t he 0 fulfill+ ! ,jewi% religion4 ,b x is cle>] /ill t we ought to be tol]ant ( "o ano!r1 because we are all weak1 inconsi/5t1 liable to fickl5ess & error4 ,%all a re$ laid l[ 9 ! mud by ! w9d say to a fell[ re$ fall5 9 ! opposite direction3 ,crawl z ,i crawl1 wret*1 or ,i %all petition t y be torn up by ! roots & burn$8 ,,tru? ,pilate !re=e said unto him1 ,art ?\ a k+ !n8 ,jesus answ]$1 ,?\ saye/ t ,i am a k+4 ,to ?is end 0 ,i born1 & = ?is cause came ,i into ! _w1 t ,i %\ld be> witness unto ! tru?4 ,ev]yone t is ( ! tru? he>e? my voice4 ,pilate sai? unto ,him1 ,:at is tru?8 ,& :5 he _h said ?is he w5t out1 etc4 7,/4 ,john xviii4 #cg47 ,x is a sad ?+ = ! human race t ,pilate w5t out )\t wait+ = ! answ]2 we %\ld "k :at tru? is4 ,pilate _h v little curiosity4 ,! accus$ l$ be=e him1 says he is k+1 t he 0 to be k+2 & ,pilate does n inquire h[ t c be4 ,he is supreme judge 9 ,cs>'s "n1 he has p[] ( life & dea?2 8 duty 0 to probe ! s5se ( ^! words4 ,he ought to say--,tell me :at y und]/& by be+ k+4 ,h[ 7 y born to be k+ & to be> witness to ! tru?8 ,x is ma9ta9$ t tru? rea*es b ) difficulty to ! e> ( k+s4 ,i am judge1 ,i h always _h great tr\ble 9 f9d+ x4 ,:ile y\r enemies are h[l+ aga9/ y )\t1 give me "s in=mation on ! po9t2 y w be do+ me ! greate/ s]vice t has ev] be5 done a judge2 & ,i mu* pref] to le>n to recognize tru?1 ?an to acc$e to ! ,jews' clamor\s dem& to h y hang$4 ,we %all n d>e1 to be sure1 seek :at ! au?or ( all tru? w\ld h be5 able to reply to ,pilate4 ,w\ld he h said3 ,tru? is an ab/ract ^w :i* mo/ m5 use indiff]5tly 9 _! books & judgm5ts1 = error & falsehood8 ,?is def9ition w\ld h be5 m>vell\sly appropriate to all mak]s ( sy/ems4 ,simil>ly is ! ^w wisdom tak5 (t5 = folly1 & wit = nons5se4 ,humanly speak+1 let u def9e tru?1 :ile wait+ = a bett] def9ition1 z--a /atem5t ( ! facts z !y are4 ,i suppose t if "o _h giv5 only six mon?s to tea*+ ,pilate ! tru?s ( logic1 he w\ld assur$ly h made ?is conclusive syllogism4 ,"o mu/ n take away ! life ( a man :o has only prea*$ good morality3 well1 ! man :o has be5 impea*$ has1 on ! %[+ ( 8 enemies ev51 (t5 prea*$ excell5t morality2 !re=e he %\ld n be puni%$ ) dea?4 ,he might h drawn ?is fur!r argum5t4 ,my duty is to disp]se ! riot\s assemblage ( a s$iti\s p :o dem& a man's dea?1 unreasonably & )\t legal =m2 well1 t is ! position ( ! ,jews 9 ?is in/ance2 !re=e ,i mu/ drive !m away & break up _! meet+4 ,we suppose t ,pilate knew ari?metic2 h5ce we w n speak ( ^? =ms ( tru?4 ,z reg>ds ma!matical tru?s1 ,i ?9k x w\ld h tak5 at lea/ ?ree ye>s be=e he c\ld h le>n$ high] geometry4 ,! tru?s ( physics comb9$ ) ^? ( geometry w\ld h dem&$ m ?an f\r ye>s4 ,we sp5d six1 ord9>ily1 9 /udy+ !ology2 ,i ask twelve = ,pilate1 see+ t he 0 pagan1 & t six ye>s w\ld n h be5 too mu* = eradicat+ all 8 old errors1 & six ye>s m = mak+ him fit to receive a doctor's hood4 ,if ,pilate _h _h a well-balanc$ m9d1 ,i %\ld h ask$ only two ye>s to tea* him metaphysical tru?2 & z metaphysical tru? is necess>ily alli$ to moral tru?1 ,i flatt] myself t 9 less ?an n9e ye>s he w\ld h become a real s*ol> & a p]fectly hone/ man4 ,i %\ld !n h said to ,pilate3--,hi/orical tru?s are m]ely probabilities4 ,if y _h f\ght at ! battle ( ,philippi1 t is = y a tru? :i* y "k by intuition1 by p]ception4 ,b = u :o dwell ne> ! ,syrian des]t1 x is m]ely a v probable ?+1 :i* we "k by he>say4 ,h[ mu* he>say is necess>y to =m a conviction equal to t ( a man :o1 hav+ se5 ! ?+1 c flatt] himself t he has a sort ( c]ta9ty8 ,he :o has he>d ! ?+ told by twelve ?\s& eyewitnesses1 has only twelve ?\s& probabilities1 equal to "o /rong probability1 :i* is n equal to c]ta9ty4 ,if y h ! ?+ f only "o ( ^! witnesses1 y "k no?+2 y %\ld be sceptical4 ,if ! witness is dead1 y %\ld be /ill m sceptical1 = y _c enlight5 y\rself4 ,if f sev]al witnesses :o are dead1 y are 9 ! same plight4 ,if f ^? to :om ! witnesses h spok51 y\r scepticism %\ld increase /ill m4 ,f g5]ation to g5]ation scepticism increases1 & probability dim9i%es2 & soon probability is r$uc$ to z]o4 ,,tyranny ,"o gives ! "n ( tyrant to ! sov]eign :o kn[s no laws b ^? ( 8 caprice1 :o takes 8 subjects' prop]ty1 & :o aft]w>ds enrols !m to g to take ! prop]ty ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,!re are none ( ^! tyrants 9 ,europe4 ,"o di/+ui%es betwe5 ! tyranny ( "o man & t ( _m4 ,! tyranny ( _m w\ld be t ( a body :i* invad$ ! rights ( o!r bodies1 & :i* ex]cis$ despotism 9 fav\r ( ! laws corrupt$ by x4 ,nor are !re any tyrants ( ?is sort 9 ,europe4 ,"u :i* tyranny w\ld y l to live8 ,"u nei!r2 b if ,i _h to *oose1 ,i %\ld dete/ ! tyranny ( "o man less ?an t ( _m4 ,a despot always has 8 good mom5ts2 an assembly ( despots nev]4 ,if a tyrant does me an inju/ice1 ,i c dis>m him ?r\gh 8 mi/ress1 8 confessor or 8 page2 b a company ( grave tyrants is inaccessible to all s$uctions4 ,:5 x is n unju/1 x is at ! lea/ h>d1 & nev] does x be/[ fav\rs4 ,if ,i h only "o despot1 ,i am quit ( him by draw+ myself up aga9/ a wall :5 ,i see him pass1 or by b[+ l[1 or by /rik+ ! gr\nd ) my =ehead1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry2 b if !re is a company ( a hundr$ despots1 ,i am expos$ to repeat+ ?is c]emony a hundr$ times a day1 :i* 9 ! long run is v annoy+ if "o's hocks are n supple4 ,if ,i h a f>m 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "o ( our lords1 ,i am cru%$2 if ,i plead aga9/ a relation ( ! relations ( "o ( our lords1 ,i am ru9$4 ,:at is to be done8 ,i fe> t 9 ?is _w "o is r$uc$ to be+ ei!r hamm] or anvil2 lucky ! man :o escapes ^! alt]natives6 ,,virtue ,,section ,i ,x is said ( ,m>cus ,brutus t1 be=e kill+ himself1 he utt]$ ^! words3 ,o virtue6 ,i ?\ght y 7 some?+2 b y are only an empty phantom6 ,y 7 "r1 ,brutus1 if y consid]$ virtue z be+ head ( a faction1 & assass9 ( y\r b5efactor2 b if y _h consid]$ virtue z consi/+ only ( do+ good to ^? dep5d5t on y1 y w\ld n h call$ x a phantom1 & y w\ld n h kill$ y\rself 9 despair4 ,i am v virtu\s says ?is excrem5t ( !ology1 = ,i h ! f\r c>d9al virtues1 & ! ?ree div9e4 ,an hone/ man asks him--,:at is ! c>d9al virtue8 ,! o!r answ]s--,/r5g?1 prud5ce1 temp]ance & ju/ice4 ,,! ,,hone/ ,,man3 ,if y are j1 y h said ev]y?+2 y\r /r5g?1 y\r prud5ce1 y\r temp]ance1 are useful qualities4 ,if y h !m1 s mu* ! bett] = y2 b if y are j1 s mu* ! bett] = ! o!rs4 ,b x is n en\gh to be j1 y mu/ d good2 t is :at is really c>d9al4 ,& y\r div9e virtues1 :i* are !y8 ,,! ,,excrem5t3 ,fai?1 hope1 *>ity4 ,,! ,,hone/ ,,man3 ,is x a virtue to believe8 ei!r :at y believe seems true to y1 & 9 ?is case !re is no m]it 9 believ+2 or x seems false to y1 & !n x is impossible = y to believe4 ,hope _c be a virtue any m ?an fe>2 "o fe>s & "o hopes1 accord+ z "o receives a promise or a ?reat4 ,z = *>ity1 is x n :at ! ,greeks & ! ,romans und]/ood by humanity1 love ( "o's neighb\r8 ?is love is no?+ if x be n active2 do+ good1 !re=e1 is ! sole true virtue4 ,,! ,,excrem5t3 ,"o w\ld be a fool6 ,really1 ,i am to give myself a deal ( torm5t 9 ord] to s]ve mank9d1 & ,i %all get no return6 all "w des]ves paym5t4 ,i d n mean to d ! lea/ hone/ action1 unless ,i am c]ta9 ( p>adise4 ,,! ,,hone/ ,,man3 ,ah1 ma/]6 t is to say t1 if y did n hope = p>adise1 & if y did n fe> hell1 y w\ld nev] d any good action4 ,believe me1 ma/]1 !re are two ?+s wor?y ( be+ lov$ = !mselves1 ,god & virtue4 ,,! ,,excrem5t3 ,i see1 sir1 y are a disciple ( ,fnlon4 ,,! ,,hone/ ,,man3 ,yes1 ma/]4 ,,! ,,excrem5t3 ,i %all d5\nce y to ! judge ( ! ecclesia/ical c\rt at ,meaux4 ,,! ,,hone/ ,,man3 ,g along1 d5\nce6 ,,section ,,ii ,:at is virtue8 ,b5efic5ce t[>ds ! fell[-creature4 ,c ,i call virtue ?+s o!r ?an ^? :i* d me good8 ,i am ne$y1 y are g5]\s4 ,i am 9 dang]1 y help me4 ,i am deceiv$1 y tell me ! tru?4 ,i am neglect$1 y console me4 ,i am ignorant1 y tea* me4 ,)\t difficulty ,i %all call y virtu\s4 ,b :at w become ( ! c>d9al & div9e virtues8 ,"s ( !m w rema9 9 ! s*ools4 ,:at does x matt] to me t y are temp]ate8 y obs]ve a precept ( heal?2 y w h bett] heal?1 & ,i am happy to he> x4 ,y h fai? & hope1 & ,i am happy /ill2 !y w procure y et]nal life4 ,y\r div9e virtues are cele/ial gifts2 y\r c>d9al virtues are excell5t qualities :i* s]ve to guide y3 b !y are n virtues z reg>ds y\r fell[-creature4 ,! prud5t man does good to himself1 ! virtu\s man does good to mank9d4 ,/4 ,paul 0 "r to tell y t *>ity prevails ov] fai? & hope4 ,b %all only ^? t are useful to "o's fell[-creature be admitt$ z virtues8 ,h[ c ,i admit any o!rs8 ,we live 9 society2 really1 !re=e1 ! only ?+s t are good = u are ^? t are good = society4 ,a recluse w be sob]1 pi\s2 he w be clad 9 hair-clo?2 he w be a sa9t3 b ,i %all n call him virtu\s until he has done "s act ( virtue by :i* o!r m5 h pr(it$4 ,s long z he is alone1 he is do+ nei!r good nor evil2 = u he is no?+4 ,if ,/4 ,bruno br\ght peace to families1 if he succ\r$ want1 he 0 virtu\s2 if he fa/$1 pray$ 9 solitude1 he 0 a sa9t4 ,virtue among m5 is an int]*ange ( k9dness2 he :o has no "p 9 ?is int]*ange %\ld n be c\nt$4 ,if ?is sa9t 7 9 ! _w1 he w\ld d\btless d good2 b s long z he is n 9 ! _w1 ! _w w be "r 9 refus+ him ! title ( virtu\s2 he w be good = himself & n = u4 ,b1 y say to me1 if a recluse is a glutton1 a drunk>d1 giv5 to secret debau*es ) himself1 he is vici\s2 he is virtu\s1 !re=e1 if he has ! opposite qualities4 ,t is :at ,i _c agree3 he is a v disagreeable fell[ if he has ! faults y m5tion2 b he is n vici\s1 wick$1 puni%able z reg>ds society to :om ^! infamies d no h>m4 ,x is to be presum$ t 7 he to return to society he w\ld d h>m !re1 t he w\ld be v vici\s2 & x is ev5 m probable t he w\ld be a wick$ man1 ?an x is sure t ! o!r temp]ate & *a/e recluse w\ld be a virtu\s man1 = 9 society faults increase1 & good qualities dim9i%4 ,a mu* /rong] objection is made2 ,n]o1 ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi41 & o!r mon/]s ( ?is species1 h be/[$ k9dnesses2 ,i answ] h>dily t on t day !y 7 virtu\s4 ,a few !ologians say t ! div9e emp]or ,anton9e 0 n virtu\s2 t he 0 a /ubborn ,/oic :o1 n cont5t ) comm&+ m51 wi%$ fur!r to be e/eem$ by !m2 t he attribut$ to himself ! good he did to ! human race2 t all 8 life he 0 j1 labori\s1 b5efic5t ?r\gh vanity1 & t he only deceiv$ m5 ?r\gh 8 virtues4 ,my ,god6 ,i exclaim4 ,give u (t5 rogues l him6 ,,:y8 ,:y does "o h>dly ev] d ! t5? "p ( ! good "o might d8 ,:y 9 half ,europe d girls pray to ,god 9 ,lat91 :i* !y d n und]/&8 ,:y 9 antiquity 0 !re nev] a !ological qu>rel1 & :y 7 no p ev] di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( a sect8 ,! ,egyptians 7 n call$ ,isiacs or ,osiriacs2 ! peoples ( ,syria did n h ! "n ( ,cybelians4 ,! ,cretans _h a p>ticul> devotion to ,jupit]1 & 7 nev] entitl$ ,jupit]ians4 ,! anci5t ,lat9s 7 v atta*$ to ,saturn2 !re 0 n a village 9 ,latium call$ ,saturnian3 on ! contr>y1 ! disciples ( ! ,god ( tru? tak+ _! ma/]'s title1 & call+ !mselves ano9t$ l ,him1 decl>$1 z soon z !y c\ld1 an et]nal w> on all ! peoples :o 7 n ano9t$1 & made w> among !mselves = f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s1 tak+ ! names ( ,arians1 ,mani*eans1 ,donati/s1 ,hussites1 ,papi/s1 ,lu!rans1 ,calv9i/s4 ,& la/ly1 ! ,jans5i/s & ! ,mol9i/s h _h no m poignant mortification ?an t ( n hav+ be5 able to slaught] ea* o!r 9 pit*$ battle4 ,:5ce does ?is come8 ,:y is ! great numb] ( h>d-work+1 innoc5t m5 :o till ! l& e day ( ! ye> t y may eat all its fruits1 scorn$1 vilifi$1 oppress$1 robb$2 & :y is x t ! useless & (t5 v wick$ man :o lives only by _! "w1 & :o is ri* only ?r\gh _! pov]ty1 is on ! contr>y respect$1 c\rt$1 consid]$8 ,:y is x t1 ! fruits ( ! e>? be+ s necess>y = ! cons]vation ( m5 & animals1 "o yet sees s _m ye>s & s _m c\ntries :]e !re is entire lack ( ^! fruits8 ,:y is ! half ( ,africa & ,am]ica cov]$ ) poisons8 ,:y is !re no l& :]e insects are n f> 9 excess ( m58 ,:y does a little :iti%1 evil-smell+ secretion =m a be+ :i* has h>d bones1 desires & ?\ghts8 & :y d ^! be+s always p]secute ea* o!r8 ,:y does s mu* evil exi/1 see+ t ev]y?+ is =m$ by a ,god :om all !i/s are agre$ 9 nam+ good8 ,:y1 s9ce we compla9 ceaselessly ( our ills1 d we sp5d all our "t 9 increas+ !m8 ,:y1 z we are s mis]able1 h we imag9$ t n to be is a great ill1 :5 x is cle> t x 0 n an ill n to be be=e we 7 born8 ,:y & h[ does "o h dreams dur+ sleep1 if "o has no s\l2 & h[ is x t ^! dreams are always s incoh]5t1 s extravagant1 if "o has a s\l8 ,:y d ! />s move f we/ to ea/ r ?an f ea/ to we/8 ,:y d we exi/8 :y is !re any?+8 ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,! ,,admir]s1 ,,que/ion]s ,,& ,,d\bt]s ,,:o ,,h ,,amus$ ,,!mselves ,,by ,,prop\nd+ ,,to ,,! ,,s*ol>s ,,! ,,above ,,que/ions ,,9 ,,n9e ,,volumes4#bc ,we decl>e to ! s*ol>s t1 be+ l !m prodigi\sly ignorant ab\t ! fir/ pr9ciples ( all ?+s1 & ab\t ! natural1 typical1 my/ic1 allegorical s5se ( _m ?+s1 we ref] ^! ?+s to ! infallible judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,inquisition ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 ,madrid1 ,lisbon1 & to ! decrees ( ! ,sorbonne ( ,p>is1 p]petual c\ncil ( ! ,gauls4 ,our errors spr++ 9 no wise f malice1 b be+ ! natural consequ5ce ( human frailty1 we hope t !y w be p>don$ to u 9 ?is _w & ! o!r4 ,we besee* ! small numb] ( heav5ly spirits :o are /ill %ut up 9 ,france 9 mortal bodies1 & :o1 f !re1 enlight5 ! univ]se at ?irty s\s ! %eet1 to communicate _! lum9\sness to u = ! t5? volume :i* we reckon on publi%+ at ! end ( ,l5t #aggb1 or 9 ,adv5t #aggc2 & = _! lum9\sness we w pay =ty s\s4 ,?is t5? volume w conta9 "s v curi\s articles1 :i*1 if ,god fav\rs u1 w give new po9t to ! salt :i* we %all endeav\r to be/[ 9 ! ?anks we %all give to ^! g5tlem54 ,execut$ on ,m\nt ,krapack1 ! ?irtie? day ( ! mon? ( ,janus1 ! ye> ( ! _w accord+ to ,scalig] #egbb accord+ to ,riccioli #eief accord+ to ,eusebius #figb accord+ to ! ,alphons9e ,tables #hgjg accord+ to ! ,egyptians #cgjjjj accord+ to ! ,*aldeans #dfeajb accord+ to ! ,brahm9s #ghjjjj accord+ to ! philosoph]s inf9ity ,,footnotes3 #bc ,! ,philosophical ,diction>y 0 fir/ publi%$ z ,que/ions on ! ,encyclop$ia1 !n repr9t$ z ,reason by ,alphabet1 & !n f9ally1 ) _m additions1 became ! ,philosophical ,diction>y4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,?is text _h ?ree occurr5ces ( ,franois ,i foll[$ by a sup]script$ er4 ,^! h be r5d]$ z ,franois ,i] 9 ?is text4 ,! foll[+ words us$ an oe ligature 9 ! orig9al3 foetus manoeuvre oesophagus ,pho5icia ,pho5icians subpo5a$ ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,!re is "o occurr5ce ( ,vi/n\ & "o ( ,vitsn\4 ,"o ( ^! is cle>ly an error1 b ea* has be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,! symbol repres5t+ inf9ity has be5 replac$ ) ! ^w inf9ity on page #caf1 ! la/ l9e ( ! text4 ,! foll[+ corrections h be5 made to ! orig9al text3 page #ag3 ,ne/or1 9 ! ,iliad1 wi%+ to ins9uate himself z a wise conciliator into ! m9ds ( ,a*illes & ,agamemnonorig9al _h ,agamamemnon1 page #dj3 ,a!ism is ! vice ( a few intellig5t p]sons1 & sup]/itionorig9al _h sup]/itution is ! vice ( fools4 page #db3 if x is a great] crime n to believe 9 ! ,deityorig9al _h ,diety ?an to h unwor?y op9ions !re(3 page #ed3 ,!y w say z mu* ( ! great moral maxims1 ( ,z>a?u/ra's--,9 d\bt if anorig9al _h 9 action be j1 ab/a94442 page #eh3 ,:at "t & :at tr\ble = copy+ correctly 9 ,greek & ,lat9 ! works ( ,orig5orig9al _h ,orig91 ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & ( all ^? o!r au?ors call$ fa!rs4 page #aja3 we %all be conv9c$ t we mu/ n be va9 ab\t any?+1 & yet we %all alwaysorig9al _h aways h vanity4 page #abh3 ,all t c]ta9 tyrantsorig9al _h tryants ( ! s\ls desire is t ! m5 !y tea* %all h false judgm5t4 page #aff3 & to surr\nd him ) little *ubby1 flu%$ faces accompani$orig9al _h accompa9$ by two w+s2 ,i laugh & ,i p>don !m ) all my he>t4 page #aga3 ,& an un=tunateorig9al _h un=unate idiot1 :o _h _h en\gh c\rage to r5d] v great s]vices to ! k+ page #bbj3 ,try to retake f ! ,mohamm$ans all t !y usurp$2 b x is easi] to calumniateorig9al _h calcumniate !m4 pafe #bbd3 ,x 0 all[$ among ! ,egyptiansorig9al _h ,egypta9s1 ! ,a!nians & ev5 among ! ,jews1 to m>ry "o's si/] on ! fa!r's side4 page #bea3 ,y\r p>5ts h told y t y %\ld b[ be=e ?is man2 y respect him be=e kn[+ :e!r he m]its y\r respect2orig9al _h colon y gr[ 9 ye>s & 9 k2 page #bhj3 7,corporalitas anim 9 ipso ,evangelio relucescit1 ,de ,anima1orig9al _h p]iod cap4 vii47 page #bie3 ,%e soon became a mon>*y1 !n1orig9al _h p]iod said ! ,brahm94 page #cae3 we ref] ^! ?+s to ! infallibleorig9al _h infallable judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,inquisition ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 ,madrid1 ,lisbon1