,,! ,,hurricane ,,guide3 ,,be+ ,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,connect ,,! ,,rotatory ,,gale ,,or ,,revolv+ ,,/orm ,,) ,,atmosph]ic ,,waves4 ,,includ+ ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,obs]v+ ,,! ,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,! ,,waves ,,& ,,/orms2 ,,) ,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,avoid+ ,,! ,,c5tres ,,( ,,! ,,latt]4 ,,by ,,william ,,radcliff ,,birt4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4 ,,publi%] ,,to ,,! ,,admiralty4 #ahej4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,w4 ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet4 ,,preface4 ,9 introduc+ ! foll[+ pages to ! notice ( ! ,public1 x is ! ,au?or's wi% to exhibit 9 z cle> a light z our pres5t rese>*es on ! subjects treat$ ( w all[1 ! connexion betwe5 "o ( ! mo/ t]rific phnom5a ) :i* our globe is visit$1 & a phnom5on :i*1 al?\gh b little kn[n1 appe>s to be intimately connect$ ) revolv+ /orms4 ,h[ f> he has succe$$1 ei!r 9 ?is p>ticul> object or 9 endeav\r+ to r5d] ! ess5tial phnom5a ( /orms famili> to ! seaman1 is left = ! ,public to det]m9e4 ,%\ld any advantage be f\nd to result f ! /udy ( ! ,atmosph]ic ,waves1 z expla9$ & recomm5d$ 9 ?is little "w1 or ! seaman be induc$ by its p]usal to att5d m closely to ! obs]vations ( ^? in/rum5ts t are calculat$ to w>n him ( 8 dang]1 an object w be atta9$ /rik+ly illu/rative ( ! ,baconian aphorism1 ,k is ,p[]4 ,be?nal ,gre51 ,april #ai1 #ahdi4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*ap4 ,i4--,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,revolv+ ,,/orms #g ,,ii4--,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,atmosph]ic ,,waves #ac ,,iii4--,,obs]vations #ah ,,sect4 ,i4--,in/rum5ts #ai ,,ii4--,times ( ,obs]vation #bh ,,iii4--,localities = ,additional ,obs]vations #ca ,,iv4--,/orms1 ,hurricanes1 & ,typhoons #dc ,v4--,seasons = ,extra ,obs]vations #dh ,,iv4--,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,avoid+ ,,! ,,c5tres ,,( ,,/orms #eb ,,notice4 ,9 ! pocket accompany+ ?is "w are two r+s ( /iff c>dbo>d1 on :i* w be f\nd all ! in=mation conta9$ 9 figures #a & #b4 ,:5 !y are laid flatly ^u a *>t1 ! cont9uity ( ! l9es on ! *>t is n mat]ially int]f]$ )1 :ile ! idea ( a body ( air rotat+ 9 ! direction indicat$ by ! arr[s is conspicu\sly pres5t$ to ! m9d4 ,^! r+s are m p>ticul>ly ref]r$ to on page #eb4 ,,! ,,hurricane ,,guide4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,revolv+ ,,/orms4 ,x is ! object ( ! foll[+ pages to exhibit1 s f> z obs]vation may enable u1 & 9 z brief a mann] z possible1 ! connexion1 if any1 t exi/s betwe5 ^? t]rific meteorological phnom5a kn[n z revolv+ /orms1 & ^? m ext5sive & occult b n less important phnom5a1 atmosph]ic waves4 ,to ! great body ( our seam51 :e!r 9 h] ,maje/y's or ! m]cantile s]vice1 ! subject c pres5t none o!r ?an ! mo/ int]e/+ features4 ,! laws t gov]n ! transmission ( l>ge bodies ( air f "o "p ( ! oceanic surface to ano!r1 ei!r 9 a /ate ( rapid rotation or pres5t+ a m or less rectil9eal direction1 mu/ at all times =m an important matt] ( inquiry1 & be> v mat]ially on ! successful prosecution ( ! occupation ( ! voyag]4 ,9 ord] to place ! subjects above allud$ to 9 su* a po9t ( view t ! connexion betwe5 !m may be readily se51 x w be important to notice ! pr9cipal phnom5a pres5t$ by ea*4 ,)\t go+ ov] ! gr\nd s well occupi$ by ^? able writ]s on ! subject ( /orms--,r$field1 ,reid1 ,pidd+ton1 & ,?om--x w be q suffici5t = our pres5t purpose simply to notice ! ess5tial phnom5a ( revolv+ /orms z manife/$ by ! b>omet] & vane4 ,! usual indications ( a /orm 9 connexion ) ^! in/rum5ts are ! fall+ ( ! b>omet] & ! fre%5+ ( ! w9d1 & x is g5]ally consid]$ t a rapid fall ( ! m]cury 9 ! hurricane regions inv>iably prec$es ! sett+ 9 ( a /orm4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( phnom5a t pres5t !mselves to an obs]v]1 accord+ z he is situat$ on ! l9e or axis ( translation1 or 9 ei!r ! "r or left h& semicircle ( ! /orm4 ,^! w be r5d]$ v app>5t by a little att5tion to ! annex$ engrav+1 fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,compass rose ,9 ?is figure ! arr[-head is suppos$ to be direct$ true nor?1 & ! hurricane--z is ! case 9 ! ,am]ican /orms nor? ( ! #cj? p>allel--to be mov+ t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 on ! l9e ,n4,e4--,s4,w4 ,if ! %ip take ! hurricane ) ! w9d ,s4,e41--! lett]s )9 ! two l>g] circles indicat+ ! direction ( ! w9d 9 ! /orm accord+ to ! rotation z %[n by ! circle ( arr[-heads1 & :i* x is to be p>ticul>ly not$ is 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e contr>y to ! direction 9 :i* ! h&s ( a wat* move3 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e ! rotation is rev]s$--! only phnom5a pres5t$ by ! /orm are z foll[s3--,! w9d cont9ues to bl[ f ! ,s4,e41 increas+ consid]ably 9 =ce ) ! b>omet] fall+ to a v great ext5t until ! c5tre ( ! /orm rea*es ! %ip1 :5 ! fury ( ! w9ds is hu%$1 & a lull or calm takes place1 g5]ally = ab\t half an h\r1 aft] :i* ! w9d spr+s up mo/ly ) increas$ viol5ce1 b f ! opposite qu>t] ,n4,w41 ! b>omet] beg9s to rise1 & z ! /orm passes (f1 ! =ce ( ! w9d abates4 ,! po9t to :i* we wi% p>ticul>ly to direct att5tion 9 connexion ) ?is exposition ( ! phnom5a att5d+ ! transmission ( a /orm is ?is3--,if ! obs]v] s place himself at ! comm5cem5t t ! w9d passes f 8 left h& t[>ds 8 "r1 8 face w be direct$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! /orm2 & ! w9d und]go+ no *ange 9 direction1 b only 9 =ce1 w acqua9t him ) ?is important fact t ! c5tre is n only gradually b surely approa*+ him3 9 o!r words1 9 ! case be=e u1 :5 he f9ds ! w9d f ! ,s4,e41 & he places himself ) 8 face to ! ,s4,w4 he is look+ t[>ds ! c5tre1 & ! w9d ru%es pa/ him f 8 left to 8 "r h&4 ,n[ ! connexion ( ! b>omet] ) ?is phase ( ! /orm is fall+ ) ! w9d f left to "r1 ! obs]v] fac+ ! c5tre :ile ! fir/ half is transit+4#a ,dur+ ! latt] half ^! conditions are rev]s$1 ! obs]v] /ill keep+ 8 position1 8 face direct$ to ! ,s4,w41 ! b>omet] rises ) a ,n4,w4 w9d1 :i* ru%es pa/ him f 8 "r to 8 left h& ) a decreas+ =ce4 ,we h !re=e a ris+ b>omet] ) ! w9d f "r to left dur+ ! latt] half ( ! /orm1 ! obs]v] hav+ 8 back to ! c5tre4 ,! above g5]al enunciations ( ! b>ometric & anemonal phnom5a ( a rotat+ /orm hold good ) reg>d to ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 :atev] may be ! direction 9 :i* ! hurricanes advance4 ,?is may be plac$ 9 a cle>] light1 z well z ! rema9+ classes ( phnom5a %[n1 by consult+ ! foll[+ tables1 con/ruct$ = ! bas9 ( ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic1 & comp>+ !m ) fig4 #a4 ,9 ?is bas91 ) l[] latitudes ?an #be1 ! usual pa?s ( ! hurricanes are t[>ds ! nor?-we/1 9 high] latitudes ?an #cj t[>ds ! nor?-ea/4 ,! tables exhibit ! ve]+ ( ! w9d ) ! movem5ts ( ! b>omet]1 accord+ z ! %ip is situat$ 9 ! "r or left h& semicircle ( ! hurricane4 ,x mu/ "h be und]/ood t ! "r & left h& semicircles are det]m9$ by ! obs]v] s plac+ himself t 8 face is direct$ t[>ds ! qu>t] to :i* ! hurricane is advanc+4 ,,l[] ,,latitudes4 ,,nor!rn ,,hemisph]e4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,n4,e41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,s4,w41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,e4,n4,e41 ,e41 ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 b>omet] fall+1 /orm increas+4 ,w9d ,s4,s4,w41 ,s41 ,s4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 b>omet] ris+1 /orm pass+ (f4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,n4,n4,e41 ,n41 ,n4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 b>omet] fall+1 /orm increas+4 ,w9d ,w4,s4,w41 ,w41 ,w4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 b>omet] ris+1 /orm pass+ (f4 ,,high] ,,latitudes4 ,,nor!rn ,,hemisph]e4#b ,axis l9e1 w9d ,s4,e41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,n4,w41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,s4,s4,e41 ,s41 ,s4,s4,w41 ,s4,w41 b>omet] fall+1 /orm increas+4 ,w9d ,w4,n4,w41 ,w41 ,w4,s4,w41 ,s4,w41 b>omet] ris+1 /orm pass+ (f4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,e4,s4,e41 ,e41 ,e4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 b>omet] fall+1 /orm increas+4 ,w9d ,n4,n4,w41 ,n41 ,n4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 b>omet] ris+1 /orm pass+ (f4 ,n4,b4 ,! directions ( ! hurricane w9ds are s arrang$ z to %[ ! po9ts ( comm5cem5t & t]m9ation4 ,?us 9 ! l[] latitudes a /orm comm5c+ at ,e4,n4,e4 passes (f at ,s4,s4,w4 aft] ! w9d has ve]$ ,e41 ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 ,s4,s4,e41 & ,s41 be+ 9 ! ord] ( ! lett]s 9 ! upp] l9e & contr>y to _! ord] 9 ! l[]4 ,"o comm5c+ at ,e4,s4,e4 passes (f at ,s4,s4,e4 "r-h& semicircle4 ,9 ! high] latitudes a %ip tak+ ! /orm at ,e4,n4,e4 w be 9 ! left-h& semicircle1 & ! hurricane w pass (f at ,n4,n4,e4 ,^! *anges are r5d]$ v app>5t by mov+ ! hurricane circle 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! /orm is expect$ to proce$4 ,fig4 #b repres5ts ! :irl & hurricane w9ds 9 ! s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,atmosph]ic ,,waves4 ,pr(essor ,dove ( ,b]l9 has sugge/$ t 9 ! temp]ate zones ! comp5sat+ curr5ts ( ! atmosph]e necess>y to pres]ve its equilibrium may be arrang$ z p>allel curr5ts on ! surface1 & n sup]pos$ z 9 or ne> ! torrid zone4 ,8 views may be ?us enunciat$3--,t 9 ! p>allels ( c5tral ,europe ! ,n4,e4 curr5t fl[+ t[>ds ! equator to fe$ ! asc5d+ column ( heat$ air is n comp5sat$ by a curr5t 9 ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e fl[+ f ! ,s4,w4 z 9 ! bord] ( ! torrid zone1 b !re are also ,s4,w4 curr5ts on ea* side ! ,n4,e41 :i* to ! v>i\s c\ntries ov] :i* !y pass appe> z surface-w9ds1 ! w9ds 9 fact be+ dispos$ 9 alt]nate b$s or lay]s1 ,s4,w41 ,n4,e41 z 9 fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,pr(essor also sugge/s t ^! p>allel & oppositely direct$ w9ds are %ift+1 i4 e4 !y gradually *ange _! position ) a lat]al motion 9 ! direction ( ! l>ge arr[ cutt+ !m transv]sely4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! au?or's rese>*es on atmosph]ic waves he _h an opportunity ( te/+ ! correctness ( ,pr(essor ,dove's sugge/ion1 & 9 addition asc]ta9$ t !re exi/$ ano!r set ( oppositely direct$ w9ds at "r angles to ^? suppos$ to exi/ by ! ,pr(essor4 ,^! curr5ts 7 ,n4,w4 & ,s4,e4 ) a lat]al motion t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 ,he also c>efully discuss$ ! b>ometric phnom5a ) relation to bo? ^! sets ( curr5ts1 & arriv$ at ! foll[+ conclusions4 ,! details w be f\nd 9 ! au?or's ?ird report1 pres5t$ to ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce 7,reports1 #ahdf1 pp4 #acb to #afb74 ,dur+ ! p]iod "u exam9ation ! au?or f\nd ! b>omet] g5]ally to rise ) ,n4,e4 & ,n4,w4 w9ds1 & fall ) ,s4,w4 & ,s4,e4 w9ds1 & t ! phnom5a might be ?us illu/rat$3--,let ! /rata a a a' a'1 b' b' b b1 fig4 #c1 repres5t two p>allel arial curr5ts or w9ds1 a a a' a' f ,s4,w4 or ,s4,e41 & b' b' b b f ,n4,e4 or ,n4,w4 & conceive !m bo? to advance f ! ,n4,w4 9 ! fir/ in/ance & f ! ,s4,w4 9 ! second1 9 ! direction ( ! l>ge arr[4 ,n[ conceive ! b>omet] to comm5ce ris+ j z ! edge b b passes any l9e ( c\ntry1 & to cont9ue ris+ until ! edge b' b' arrives at t l9e1 :5 ! maximum is atta9$4 ,x w be rem>k$ t ?is rise is co9cid5t ) a ,n4,e4 or ,n4,w4 w9d4 ,! w9d n[ *anges & ! b>omet] beg9s to fall1 & cont9ues fall+ until ! edge a a co9cides ) ! l9e ( c\ntry on :i* b b fir/ imp+$4 ,dur+ ?is process we h all ! phnom5a exhibit$ by an atmosph]ic wave3 :5 ! edge b b passes a l9e ( c\ntry ! b>omet] is at a m9imum1 & ?is m9imum has be5 t]m$ ! ant]ior tr\gh4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ! /ratum b' b' b b transits1 ! b>omet] rises1 & ?is rise has be5 call$ ! ant]ior slope4 ,:5 ! cont]m9\s edges ( ! /rata a' a' b' b' pass1 a b>ometric maximum ext5ds along ! l9e ( c\ntry =m]ly occupi$ by ! ant]ior tr\gh1 & ?is maximum has be5 designat$ ! cre/4 ,dur+ ! transit ( ! /ratum a' a' a a ! b>omet] falls1 & ?is fall has be5 *>act]is$ z ! po/]ior slope2 & :5 ! edge a a occupies ! place ( b b1 ! desc5t ( ! m]curial column is complet$1 ano!r m9imum ext5ds 9 ! direction ( ! =m]1 & ?is m9imum has be5 t]m$ ! po/]ior tr\gh4 ,x w be readily se5 t ! lat]al passage ( ! ,n4,w4 & ,s4,e4 curr5ts t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 pres5ts precisely ! same b>ometric & anemonal phnom5a z ! rotatory /orms :5 mov+ 9 ! same direction4 ,if ! obs]v]1 :5 ! b>omet] is at a maximum ) a ,n4,w4 w9d1 place himself 9 ! same position ) reg>d to ! lat]ally advanc+ curr5t z he did ) reg>d to ! advanc+ /orm1 i4 e4 ) 8 face t[>ds ! qu>t] f :i* x is advanc+--,s4,w41 he w f9d t ) a fall+ b>omet] & ,s4,e4 w9d ! curr5t passes him f ! left to ! "r h&2 b if at a b>ometric m9imum he place himself 9 ! same position ) 8 face direct$ to ! qu>t] f :i* ! ,n4,w4 curr5t is advanc+ lat]ally1 also ,s4,w41 he w f9d t ) a ris+ b>omet] & ,n4,w4 w9d ! curr5t passes him f "r to left4 ,n[ ! two classes ( phnom5a are id5tical1 & x w\ld n be difficult to %[ t1 _h we an in/ance ( a rotatory /orm 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e mov+ f ,n4,w4 to ,s4,e41 x w\ld pres5t precisely ! same phnom5a z to ! direction ( curr5ts pass+ f left to "r & f "r to left ) fall+ & ris+ b>omet]s1 increase & decrease 9 ! =ce ( ! w9d1 c41 z ! oppositely direct$ arial curr5ts d :i* pass ov] we/]n c5tral ,europe4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( direct evid5ce ( ! production ( a revolv+ /orm f ! cross+ ( two l>ge waves1 z sugge/$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 al?\gh x is n difficult to obta9 su* evid5ce1 especially f ! surface ( ! ocean1 ! id5tity ( ! two classes ( phnom5a exhibit$ by ! /orms & waves z above expla9$ am\nts to a /rong presumption t !re is a close connexion betwe5 !m1 & t a m m9ute inve/igation ( ! phnom5a ( atmosph]ic waves is greatly calculat$ to ?r[ consid]able light on ! laws t gov]n ! /orm pa?s 9 bo? hemisph]es4 ,! localities 9 :i* ^! atmosph]ic movem5ts1 ! waves1 h be5 hi!rto /udi$1 h be5 conf9$ to ! nor!rn & c5tral p>ts ( ,europe--! we/ ( ,irel&1 ,alt5 9 ! nor? ( ,europe1 ,l\gan ne> ! ,sea ( ,azov1 & ,g5eva1 be+ ! angul> po9ts ( ! includ$ area4 ,x w be rem>k$ t ! greate/ portion ( ?is area is inl&1 b !re is "o important feature :i* ! /udy ( ! b>omet] has br\ght to light1 & :i* is by no means devoid ( significance1 viz4 t ! oscillations are mu* great] 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]1 & ?is appe>s to indicate t ! junction l9es ( l& & wat] =m by f> ! mo/ important portions ( ! globe 9 :i* to /udy bo? ! phnom5a ( /orms & waves4 ,x is also v desirable t our k ( ^! phnom5a %\ld1 ) imm$iate ref]5ce to ! surface ( ! ocean1 be increas$1 & 9 ?is respect capta9s & ma/]s ( vessels may r5d] ess5tial s]vice by obs]v+ & record+ ! /ate ( ! b>omet]1 & direction & =ce ( ! w9d1 sev]al times 9 ! c\rse ( ! day & night2#c & :5 x is consid]$ t ! imm$iate object 9 view is "o 9 :i* ! m>9] is p]sonally int]e/$1 & "o 9 :i*1 x may be1 8 own safety is conc]n$1 x is hop$ t ! keep+ ( a meteorological regi/] hav+ especial ref]5ce to ! indications ( ! b>omet]1 & =ce & direction ( ! w9d1 w n be felt z irksome1 b r w be f\nd an int]e/+ occupation1 ! in/rum5ts /&+ 9 ! place ( fai?ful monitors1 direct+ :5 & :]e to avoid dang]1 & ! record furni%+ important data :]eby ! k ( g5]al laws may be arriv$ at1 hav+ an ess5tial be>+ on ! int]e/s ( ! s]vice at l>ge4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,obs]vations4 ,9 sket*+ out a sy/em ( obs]vation hav+ especial ref]5ce to atmosph]ic waves & rotatory /orms1 reg>d has be5 _h--fir/1 to ! in/rum5ts t %\ld be us$1 ! obs]vations to be made ) !m1 ! corrections to be appli$ to su* obs]vations1 & ! =m ( regi/ry mo/ suitable = record+ ! results3 second1 to ! times ( obs]vation3 ?ird1 to ! m important localities t %\ld be submitt$ to additional obs]vation3 f\r?1 to peculi> phnom5a requir+ extraord9>y obs]vations = _! elucidation3 & fif?1 to p>ticul> seasons1 :5 ! in/rum5ts %\ld be wat*$ ) m ?an ord9>y c>e4 ,! m important objects ( obs]vation hav+ especial ref]5ce to atmosph]ic waves are ^? po9ts :i* h be5 t]m$ cre/s & tr\ghs4 ,^! are simply ! highe/ & l[e/ read+s ( ! b>omet]1 usually designat$ maxima & m9ima1 & %\ld = ! object 9 view receive p>ticul> att5tion4 ,:5ev] !re is reason to believe t ! b>omet] is approa*+ ei!r a maximum or m9imum1 additional obs]vations %\ld be resort$ to1 s z to secure z ne>ly z possible ! precise "t z reckon$ at ! %ip1 ) h] position1 ( its occurr5ce1 z well z ! altitude ( ! m]curial column at t "t & place4 ,by means ( su* obs]vations z ^! on bo>d sev]al %ips scatt]$ ov] ! surfaces ( our great oceans1 mu* valuable in=mation may be accumulat$ ( a "* capable ( ?r[+ consid]able light on ! direction 9 :i* ! l9es ( b>ometric maxima & m9ima /ret*1 & also a tol]ably accurate notion may be =m$ ( _! progress1 bo? z reg>ds direction & rate4 ,9 imm$iate connexion ) su* obs]vations p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! direction ( ! w9d accord+ to ! season4 ,,section ,i4--,,in/rum5ts4 ,description & ,position ( ,in/rum5ts4--,! pr9cipal in/rum5t requisite 9 ^! obs]vations is ! b>omet]1 :i* %\ld be ( ! m>9e con/ruction1 & z ne>ly alike z possible to ^? furni%$ to ! ,ant>ctic exp$ition :i* sail$ "u ! comm& ( ,sir ,james ,cl>k ,ross4 ,^! in/rum5ts 7 simil> to ! ord9>y portable b>omet]s1 & diff]$ f !m only 9 ! mode ( _! susp5sion & ! necess>y contraction ( ! tubes to prev5t oscillation f ! motion ( ! %ip4 ,! b>omet] on %ipbo>d %\ld be susp5d$ on a gimbal frame1 :i* ought n to sw+ too freely1 b r s z to dead5 oscillations by "s degree ( friction4 ,to ! upp] portion ( ! tube 9 ?is con/ruction ( in/rum5t light is alike accessible ei!r 9 front or beh9d1 & ! v]ni] is furni%$ ) a back & front edge1 bo? be+ 9 precisely ! same plane1 ne>ly embrac+ ! tube1 & slid+ up & d[n x by ! motion ( rack-"w2 by ! graduation ( ! scale & v]ni] ! altitude ( ! m]cury c be read (f to #jjb in*4 ,:5 ! b>omet] is plac$ 9 ! %ip1 its position %\ld be z ne> mid%ips z possible1 out ( ! rea* ( sun%9e1 b 9 a good light = read+1 & 9 a situation 9 :i* x w be b little liable to sudd5 gu/s ( w9d & *anges ( temp]ature4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 to asc]ta9 ! exact height ( its ci/]n above ! wat]-l9e1 & 9 ord] to facilitate night obs]vations e possible arrangem5t %\ld be made = plac+ beh9d x a light scre5$ by :ite pap]4 ,obs]vations4--,! fir/ ?+ to be done is ! read+ (f & record+ ! temp]ature indicat$ by ! !rmomet] t 9 ?is con/ruction ( in/rum5t dips into ! m]cury 9 ! ci/]n4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el has sugge/$ t ! bulb ( ! !rmomet] %\ld be s situat$ z to af=d ! be/ *ance ( its indicat+ ! exact mean ( ! :ole b>ometric column1 t is to say1 fifte5 in*es above ! ci/]n enclos$ )9 ! case ( ! b>omet]1 ne>ly 9 contact ) its tube1 & ) a /em s long z to be read (f at ! upp] level4 ,previ\s to mak+ an obs]vation ) ! b>omet] ! in/rum5t %\ld be slightly tapp$ to free ! m]cury f any adhesion to ! glass2 any viol5t oscillation %\ld1 h[ev]1 be c>efully avoid$4 ,! v]ni] %\ld !n be adju/$ to ! upp] surface ( ! m]cury 9 ! tube2 = ?is purpose its back & front edges %\ld be made to co9cide1 t is1 ! eye %\ld be plac$ 9 exactly ! same plane :i* passes ?r\gh ! edges2 !y %\ld !n be br\ght c>efully d[n until !y =m a tang5t ) ! curve produc$ by ! convex surface ( ! m]cury & ! light is j exclud$ f betwe5 !m & ! po9t ( contact4 ,x is desirable 9 mak+ ?is adju/m5t t ! eye %\ld be assi/$ by a magnify+-glass4 ,! read+ ( ! scale %\ld !n be tak5 & ent]$ 9 ! column appropriat$ to x 9 ! prop] =m4 ,if ! in/rum5t h no tubul> or d\ble-edg$ index1 ! eye %\ld be plac$ c>efully at ! level ( ! upp] surface ( ! m]cury & ! index ( ! v]ni] br\ght g5tly d[n to ! same level s z app>5tly j to t\* ! surface1 great c>e be+ tak5 t ! eye index & surface ( ! m]cury are all 9 ! same plane4 ,ea* obs]vation ( ! b>omet] %\ld be accompani$ by an obs]vation ( ! direction ( ! w9d1 :i* %\ld be not$ 9 ! usual mann] 9 :i* x is obs]v$ at sea4 ,9 connexion ) ! direction ! =ce ( ! w9d %\ld be record$ 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ scale1 contriv$ by ,admiral ,sir ,francis ,beau=t3-- #j4 ,calm #a4 ,light air or j suffici5t to give /e]age way4 #b4 ,light breeze or t 9 :i* a well- #a to #b knots4 #c4 ,g5tle breeze condition$ man ( w>1 #c to #d knots4 #d4 ,mod]ate breeze ) all sail set1 & #e to #f knots4 clean full1 w\ld g 9 smoo? wat]1 f #e4 ,fre% breeze ,royals1 c4 #f4 ,/rong breeze ,s+le-reef$ top-sails & top-gallant or t 9 :i* su* a sails4 #g4 ,mod]ate gale %ip c\ld j c>ry 9 ,d\ble-reef$ *ase full & by topsails1 jib1 c4 #h4 ,fre% gale ,triple-reef$ topsails1 c4 #i4 ,/rong gale ,close-reef$ top-sails & c\rses4 #aj4 ,:ole gale or t ) :i* %e c\ld sc>cely be> close-reef$ ma9 topsail & reef$ =esail4 #aa4 ,/orm or t :i* r$uces h] to /orm /aysails4 #ab4 ,hurricane or t :i* no canvas c\ld )/&4 ,corrections4--,z soon aft] ! obs]vations h be5 made z circum/ances w p]mit1 ! read+ ( ! b>omet] %\ld be correct$ = ! relation exi/+ betwe5 ! capacities ( ! tube & ci/]n 7if its con/ruction be su* z to require t correction71 & = ! capill>y action ( ! tube2 & !n r$uc$ to ! /&>d temp]ature ( #cb ,fahr41 & to ! sea-level1 if on %ipbo>d4 ,= ! fir/ correction ! neutral po9t %\ld be m>k$ ^u ea* in/rum5t4 ,x is t p>ticul> height :i*1 9 its con/ruction1 has be5 actually measur$ f ! surface ( ! m]cury 9 ! ci/]n1 & indicat$ by ! scale4 ,9 g5]al ! m]cury w /& ei!r above or bel[ ! neutral po9t2 if above1 a portion ( ! m]cury mu/ h left ! ci/]n1 & consequ5tly mu/ h l[]$ ! surface 9 ! ci/]n3 9 ?is case ! altitude z measur$ by ! scale w be too %ort--vice v]s1 if bel[4 ,! relation ( ! capacities ( ! tube & ci/]n %\ld be exp]im5tally asc]ta9$1 & m>k$ ^u ! in/rum5t by ! mak]4 ,suppose ! capacity to be #a_/ej1 m>k$ ?us on ! in/rum5t1 ,capacity #a_/ej3 ?is indicates t = e in* ( v>iation ( ! m]cury 9 ! tube1 t 9 ! ci/]n w v>y contr>iwise #a_/ej? ( an in*4 ,:5 ! m]cury 9 ! tube is above ! neutral po9t1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! neutral po9t is to be r$uc$ 9 ! proportion express$ by ! capacity 79 ! case suppos$1 divid$ by #ej71 & ! quoti5t add$ to ! obs]v$ height2 if bel[1 subtract$ f x4 ,9 b>omet]s furni%$ ) a fiducial po9t = adju/+ ! l[] level1 ?is correction is sup]flu\s1 & mu/ n be appli$4 ,! second correction requir$ is = ! capill>y action ( ! tube1 ! effect ( :i* is always to depress ! m]cury 9 ! tube by a c]ta9 quantity inv]sely proportion$ to ! diamet] ( ! tube4 ,?is quantity %\ld be exp]im5tally det]m9$ dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! in/rum5t1 & its am\nt m>k$ ^u x by ! mak]1 & is always to be add$ to ! height ( ! m]curial column1 previ\sly correct$ z be=e4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( ^? :o may h b>omet]s1 ! capill>y action ( :i* has n be5 det]m9$1 a table ( corrections = tubes ( diff]5t diamet]s is plac$ 9 ! ,app5dix1 ,table ,i4 ,! next correction1 & 9 "s respects ! mo/ important ( all1 is t due to ! temp]ature ( ! m]cury 9 ! b>omet] tube at ! "t ( obs]vation1 & to ! expansion ( ! scale4 ,table ,,ii4 ( ! ,app5dix gives = e degree ( ! !rmomet] & e half-in* ( ! b>omet]1 ! prop] quantity to be add$ or subtract$ = ! r$uction ( ! obs]v$ height to ! /&>d temp]ature ( ! m]cury at #cb ,fahr4 ,aft] ^! ! index correction %\ld be appli$4 ,?is is ! am\nt ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! p>ticul> in/rum5t & ! read+s ( ! ,royal ,society's fl9t-glass b>omet] :5 prop]ly correct$1 & is g5]ally kn[n z ! z]o4 ,x is impossible to pay too mu* att5tion to ! det]m9ation ( ?is po9t4 ,= ?is purpose1 :5 practicable1 ! in/rum5t %\ld be imm$iately comp>$ ) ! ,royal ,society's /&>d1 & ! diff]5ce ( ! read+s ( bo? in/rum5ts1 :5 correct$ z above1 c>efully not$ & pres]v$4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ?is is impracticable1 ! comp>ison %\ld be effect$ by means ei!r ( "s o!r /&>d previ\sly s comp>$1 or ( an int]m$iate portable b>omet]1 ! z]o po9t ( :i* has be5 well det]m9$4 ,susp5d ! portable b>omet] z ne> z conv5i5t to ! %ip's b>omet]1 & aft] at lea/ an h\r's quiet exposure1 take z _m read+s ( bo? in/rum5ts z may be necess>y to r$uce ! probable error ( ! mean ( ! diff]5ces bel[ #j4jja in*4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! mean diff]5ce ( all ! read+s w be ! relative z]o or index error1 :5ce1 if t ( ! int]m$iate b>omet] be kn[n1 t ( ! o!r may be f\nd4 ,z su* comp>isons w always be made :5 ! vessel is 9 port1 suffici5t "t c be all[$ = mak+ ! requisite numb] ( obs]vations3 h\rly read+s w\ld p]haps be be/1 & !y w\ld h ! advantage ( =m+ "p ( ! sy/em :5 9 op]ation1 & might be accord+ly us$ z su*4 ,x is n only desirable t ! z]o po9t ( ! b>omet] %\ld be well det]m9$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 x %\ld also be c>efully v]ifi$ on e opportunity :i* pres5ts itself2 & 9 e in/ance1 previ\s to sail+1 x %\ld be re-comp>$ ) ! /&>d on %ore by ! int]v5tion ( a portable b>omet]1 & no opportunity %\ld be lo/ ( comp>+ x on ! voyage by means ( su* an int]m$iate in/rum5t ) ! /&>d b>omet]s at ,/4 ,hel5a1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ,bombay1 ,madras1 ,p>amatta1 ,van ,diem5's ,isl&1 & ) any o!r in/rum5ts likely to be ref]r$ to z /&>ds1 or employ$ 9 rese>* else:]e4 ,any vessel hav+ a portable b>omet] on bo>d1 ! z]o ( :i* has be5 well det]m9$1 w\ld d well1 on t\*+ at any ( ! ports above nam$1 to take comp>ative read+s ) ! /&>ds at ^? ports1 & record ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! /&>d1 ! portable1 & ! %ip b>omet]s4 ,by su* means ! z]o ( "o /&>d may be transport$ ov] ! :ole _w1 & ^? ( o!rs comp>$ ) x asc]ta9$4 ,to d s1 h[ev]1 ) p]fect effect1 w require t ! utmo/ c>e %\ld be tak5 ( ! portable b>omet]2 x %\ld be gu>d$ z mu* z possible f all accid5t1 & %\ld be kept safely 9 ! portable /ate :5 n imm$iately us$ = comp>ison4 ,to transport a well-au!nticat$ z]o f place to place is by no means a po9t ( trifl+ importance4 ,nei!r %\ld x be execut$ hurri$ly nor neglig5tly4 ,"s ( ! greate/ que/ions 9 meteorology dep5d on its due execution1 & ! objects = :i* ^! in/ructions h be5 prep>$ w be greatly advanc$ by ! z]o po9ts ( all b>omet]s be+ ref]r$ to "o common /&>d4 ,^u ! arrival ( ! vessel 9 ,engl&1 at ! t]m9ation ( ! voyage1 ! %ip's b>omet] %\ld be aga9 comp>$ ) ! same /&>d ) :i* x 0 comp>$ previ\s to sail+2 & %\ld any diff]5ce be f\nd1 x %\ld be mo/ c>efully record$4 ,! correction = ! height ( ! ci/]n above or bel[ ! wat]-l9e is additive 9 ! =m] case1 subtractive 9 ! latt]4 ,its am\nt may be tak51 ne>ly en\gh1 by all[+ #jjja 94 ( ! b>omet] = ea* foot ( diff]5ce ( level4 ,an example ( ! application ( ^! sev]al corrections is subjo9$3-- ,atta*$ ,!rm4 #edc4 ,data = ! correction ( ! ,in/rum5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,b>omet] read+4 #bidji ,neutral po9t #cjabc ,corr4 = capacity - #jag ,capacity #a_/db ,capill>y action #jcb --------------------------------------- #bicib ,z]o to ,royal ,society #jcf ,corr4 = capill>ity #jcb ,corr4 = altitude above wat]-l9e #jjd --------------------------------------- #bidbd ,corr4 = temp]ature - #jfh --------------------------------------- #bicef ,corr4 = z]o & wat]-l9e #jdj --------------------------------------- ,aggregate pressure at sea-level #bicif ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,x w\ld greatly facilitate ! comp>ison ( ! b>ometric obs]vations by project+ !m 9 curves :5 all ! prop] corrections h be5 appli$4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by a mu* small] exp5diture ( "t ?an may at fir/ be suppos$4 ,a pap] ( engrav$ squ>es on :i* ! obs]vations ( twelve days may be laid d[n on d\ble ! natural scale1 w\ld be v suitable = ! purpose4#d ,! projection ( ea* day's obs]vations w\ld occupy b a %ort "t2 & %\ld circum/ances on any occasion prev5t ! execution ( x1 :5 ! %ip 0 becalm$ or leisure o!rwise af=d$1 x w\ld =m an int]e/+ & useful occupation1 & s]ve to beguile "s ( ! t$ium (t5 exp]i5c$ at su* int]vals4 ,regi/]s4--,= ! p>ticul> object 9 view ! regi/] ne$ n be v ext5sive4 ,"o kept 9 ! annex$ =m w be amply suffici5t4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be borne 9 m9d t none b uncorrect$ obs]vations %\ld f9d admission2 9 po9t ( fact x %\ld be /rictly a regi/] ( phnom5a z obs]v$1 & on no acc\nt :atev] %\ld any entry be made f recollection1 or any attempt made to fill up a blank by ! app>5t c\rse ( ! numb]s be=e & aft]4 ,! head+s ( ! columns w1 x is hop$1 be suffici5tly explicit4 ,x is desirable 9 practice t ! column = rem>ks %\ld embrace an entire page opposite ! o!r entries1 9 ord] t occasional obs]vations1 z well z sev]al o!r circum/ances cont9ually com+ "u review 9 ! c\rse ( keep+ a j\rnal1 may f9d entry4 ,,meteorological ,,regi/] kept on bo>d dur+ h] voyage f to by 4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,w9d4 ,att4 ----------------- ,date4 ,lat4 ,long4 ,b>om4 ,!r4 ,direction4,=ce4 ,rem>ks ,obs]v]4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- h4 m4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! above =m & "o = ! reception ( correct$ read+s w be ! disp5s+ ) ! column = ! atta*$ !rmomet]1 & plac+ "u ! ^w ,b>om4 correct$4 ,,ii4--,,times ,,( ,,obs]vation4 ,!re c be no "q t ! greate/ am\nt ( in=mation1 ! accuracy ( ! data suppli$1 & 9 fact e meteorological elem5t necess>y to increase our k ( atmosph]ic waves1 may be be/ obta9$ by an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( h\rly obs]vations made on bo>d vessels f _! leav+ ,engl& until _! safe arrival aga9 at ! close ( _! respective voyages2 b f a v>iety ( circum/ances--! nature ( ! s]vice 9 :i* ! vessels may be employ$1 p>ticul> /ates ( ! wea!r1 c4--su* a c\rse ( unremitt+ lab\r _c be expect$2 x is !re=e necess>y to fix on "s /at$ h\rs at :i* ! in/rum5ts be=e p>ticul>iz$ %\ld be regul>ly obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ! voyage1 & _! indications fai?fully record$4 ,! h\rs ( #c ,a4,m41 #i ,a4,m41 #c ,p4,m41 & #i ,p4,m41 are n[ s g5]ally kn[n z meteorological h\rs1 t no?+ %\ld ju/ify a dep>ture f !m2 & x is ! m ess5tial t ^! h\rs %\ld be adopt$ 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 because ! s]ies ( obs]vations made at int]vals t]m9at$ by ^! h\rs c ! m readily be us$ 9 connexion ) ^? made contemporane\sly on l&1 & w also s]ve to c>ry on inve/igations previ\sly in/itut$1 & :i* h receiv$ consid]able illu/ration by means ( obs]vations at ! regul> meteorological h\rs2 we !re=e recomm5d _! g5]al adoption 9 all obs]vations conduct$ at sea4 ,x is int5d$ 9 ! sequel to call att5tion to p>ticul> p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface :]e x is desirable t additional obs]vations %\ld be made1 9 ord] to furni% data ( a m accurate "*1 & to m>k m di/9ctly b>ometric *anges ?an ! f\r daily read+s are capable ( effect+4 ,! be/ means ( accompli%+ ?is = ! object 9 view appe>s to be ! division ( ! int]val ( six h\rs into two equal portions1 & to make ! necess>y obs]vations eight times 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ! p>ticul> localities to :i* allusion has be5 made we recomm5d ! foll[+ z ! h\rs ( obs]vation3-- ,a4,m4 #c1 #f1 #i1 noon4 ,p4,m4 #c1 #f1 #i1 midnight4 ,9 o!r localities besides ^? h]eaft] to be m5tion$1 :5 opportunities s]ve1 read+s at ^! h\rs w\ld greatly enhance ! value ( ! f\r daily read+s4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 portions ( ! surface ( our planet1 & probably also phnom5a t occur 9 its atmosph]e1 :i* require /ill clos] att5tion ?an ! eight daily read+s4 ,"o su* portion w\ld appe> to exi/ (f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa1 & we recomm5d ! adoption ( h\rly read+s :ile sail+ to ! we/w>d ( ?is junction ( aque\s & t]re/rial surface2 m att5tion w be direct$ to ?is po9t z we proce$4 ,!re are also phnom5a ! localities ( :i* may be undet]m9$1 & ! times ( _! occurr5ce unkn[n1 b s important a relation d !y be> to ! subject ( our inquiries1 t !y dem& ! close/ att5tion4 ,!y w be m p>ticul>ly describ$ "u ! head ( accumulations ( pressure prec$+ & succe$+ /orms1 & m9ute directions giv5 = ! h\rly obs]vations ( ! necess>y in/rum5ts4 ,9 ! mean "t we may "h rem>k t h\rly obs]vations "u ! circum/ances above allud$ to are ! m important :5 we consid] t ! b>omet]1 ! in/rum5t employ$ 9 obs]v+ ^! mov+ atmosph]ic masses1 is itself 9 motion4 ,! %ip may meet ! accumulation ( pressure & sail ?r\gh x transv]sely2 or %e may sail along x1 ! c\rse ( ! vessel be+ p>allel to ! l9e m>k+ ! highe/ pressure1 ! ridge or cre/ ( ! wave2 or ! %ip may make any angle ) ?is l9e3 b :atev] ! circum/ances may be "u :i* %e passes ?r\gh or along ) su* an accumulation ( pressure1 x %\ld ev] be borne 9 m9d t h] position on ! e>?'s surface is sc>cely ev] ! same at any "o obs]vation z x 0 at ! prec$+1 ! b>omet] 9 ! int]val has *ang$ its position z well z ! l9e ( maximum pressure1 ! rate ( progress ( :i* x is desirable to obs]ve4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be at once app>5t t 9 ord] to obta9 ! mo/ accurate data on ?is head h\rly obs]vations are indisp5sable4 ,to ^! read+s %\ld ( c\rse be app5d$ ! places ( ! %ip f h\r to h\r1 especially if %e alt] h] c\rse mu*4 ,!re is ano!r po9t to :i* we wi% to call att5tion 9 imm$iate connexion ) h\rly read+s--x is ! obs]vation ( ! in/rum5ts on ! days fix$ = t purpose3 !y 7 orig9ally sugge/$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ^: directions %\ld be /rictly att5d$ to3 !y are z foll[s3-- ,! days fix$ ^u = ^! obs]vations are ! #ba/ ( ,m>*1 ! #ba/ ( ,june1 ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1 & ! #ba/ ( ,decemb]1 be+ ^?1 or imm$iately adjo9+ to ^? ( ! equ9oxes & sol/ices1 9 :i* ! sol> influ5ce is ei!r /ation>y or 9 a /ate ( mo/ rapid v>iation4 ,b %\ld any "o ( ^? #ba/ days fall on a ,sunday1 !n x w be und]/ood t ! obs]vations are to be def]r$ till ! next day1 ! #bbnd4 ,! s]ies ( obs]vations on bo>d ea* vessel %\ld comm5ce at #f o'clock ,a4,m4 ( ! appo9t$ days1 & t]m9ate at #f ,a4,m4 ( ! days foll[+1 accord+ to ! usual reckon+ ( "t adopt$ 9 ! daily obs]vations4 ,9 addition to ! tw5ty-five h\rly read+s at ! sol/ices & equ9oxes z above recomm5d$1 x w\ld be desirable to cont9ue ! obs]vations until a complete elevation & depression ( ! b>omet] _h be5 obs]v$ at ^! seasons4 ,?is plan is adopt$ at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*1 & w\ld be att5d$ ) ?is advantage 7 x g5]ally s--! progress ( ! elevation & depression w\ld be m readily trac$ & _! velocities m accurately det]m9$ ?an f ! f\r or eight daily read+s4 ,,iii4--,,localities ,,= ,,additional ,,obs]vations4 ,9 sket*+ out a sy/em ( b>ometric obs]vation hav+ especial ref]5ce to ! acquisition ( data f :i* ! b>ometric "* ( c]ta9 l>ge areas ( ! surface ( ! globe may be det]m9$--inasmu* z su* areas are di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 on ! "o h& by consi/+ ( ext5sive spaces ( ! oceanic surface unbrok51 or sc>cely brok51 by l&2 on ! o!r by ! proximity ( su* oceanic surface to l>ge masses ( l&1 & ^! masses pres5t+ two ess5tially diff]5t features1 ! "o consi/+ ( l& p>ticul>ly *>act]iz$ z cont95tal1 ! o!r z insul>1 reg>d has be5 accord+ly _h to su* di/ribution ( l& & wat]4 ,z ^! in/ructions h especial ref]5ce to obs]vations at sea1 obs]vations on l& h n be5 allud$ to2 b 9 ord] t ! data accumulat$ may possess t value :i* is ess5tial = c>ry+ on ! inquiry 9 ref]5ce to atmosph]ic waves ) success1 provision is made to m>k out m di/9ctly ! b>ometric effects ( ! junction ( l>ge masses ( l& & wat]4 ,x is well kn[n t ! oceanic surface1 & ev5 ! small] surfaces ( inl& seas1 produce decid$ inflexions ( ! iso!rmal l9es4 ,!y ex]cise an important influ5ce on temp]ature4 ,x has also be5 %[n t ! neighb\rhood ( wat] has a v consid]able influ5ce 9 increas+ ! oscillations ( ! m]curial column 9 ! b>omet]1 & 9 ! great sy/ems ( ,european undulations x is well kn[n t ^! oscillations increase especially t[>ds ! nor?-we/4 ,! conv]se ( ?is1 h[ev]1 has n yet be5 subject$ to obs]vation2 !re has be5 no sy/ematic co-op]ation ( obs]v]s = ! purpose ( det]m9+ ! b>ometric affections ( l>ge masses ( wat]1 su* z ! c5tral portion ( ! bas9 ( ! nor!rn ,atlantic1 ! portion ( oceanic surface betwe5 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & ,cape ,horn1 ! ,indian & ,s\!rn oceans1 & ! va/ bas9 ( ! ,pacific4 ,nor are we yet acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ! oscillations1 :e!r increas+ or decreas+1 z we rec$e f ! c5tral portions ( ! oceanic surfaces we h m5tion$ t[>ds ! l& :i* =ms _! ea/]n1 we/]n1 or nor!rn b\nd>ies4 ,?is influ5ce ( ! junction l9e ( l& & wat]1 s f> z x is yet kn[n1 has be5 kept 9 view 9 fram+ ^! in/ructions1 &1 z x appe>s s prom95tly 9 ,europe1 x is hop$ ! additional obs]vations betwe5 ! f\r daily read+s to :i* probably _m obs]v]s may habitually re/rict !mselves1 mak+ on c]ta9 occasions & 9 p>ticul> localities a s]ies ( obs]vations at int]vals ( ?ree h\rs1 w n be consid]$ too frequ5t :5 ! great importance ( ! problem to be solv$ is fully appreh5d$4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be said t ! value ( ^! obs]vations at ?ree-h\rly int]vals w be greatly increas$ by ! numb] ( obs]v]s co-op]at+ 9 !m4 ,^u su* an ext5sive sy/em ( co-op]ation a l>ge space on ! e>?'s surface1 possess+ peculi>ities :i* di/+ui% x f o!rs extremely unlike x 9 _! g5]al "*1 or assimilate x to su* z possess ) x _m features 9 common1 is m>k$ out bel[ = p>ticul> obs]vation1 occupy+ m ?an two-?irds ( a zone 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 hav+ a bread? ( #dj1 & includ+ e possible v>iety ( t]re/rial & aque\s surface1 f ! burn+ s&s ( ! great ,african des]t1 situat$ ab\t ! c5tre1 to ! n>r[ /rip ( l& connect+ ! two ,am]icas on ! "o side1 & ! *a9 ( isl&s connect+ ,*9a & ,h9do/an ) ,au/ralia on ! o!r4 ,on ea* side ( ! ,african cont95t we h spaces ( op5 sea betwe5 #cj & #dj we/ longitude nor? ( ! equator1 & betwe5 #fj & #hj ea/ longitude1 9 or to ! s\? ( ! equator1 admirably suit$ = contra/+ ! b>ometric affections1 z manife/$ 9 ^! spaces ( op5 wat]1 ) ^? occurr+ 9 situations :]e ! influ5ce ( ! t]re/rial surface comes into m active op]ation4 ,! localities :]e ?ree-h\rly read+s are *iefly desirable may be specifi$ "u ! heads ( ,nor!rn ,atlantic1 ,s\!rn ,atlantic1 ,indian & ,s\!rn ,oceans1 & ,pacific ,ocean4 ,nor!rn ,atlantic4 ,homew>d-b\nd ,voyages4--,! discussion ( obs]vations made 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ! we/]n bord] ( c5tral ,europe1 has indicat$ t (f ! nor?-we/ ( ,scotl& a c5tre ( great b>ometric di/urbance exi/s4 ,?is c5tre ( di/urbance appe>s to be consid]ably remov$ f ! usual tracks ( vessels cross+ ! ,atlantic2 nev]!less "s light may be ?r[n on ! b>ometric phnom5a result+ f ?is di/urbance by obs]vations dur+ homew>d-b\nd voyages1 especially aft] ! vessels h pass$ ! m]idian ( #ej we/ longitude4 ,voyag]s to or f ,baff9 & ,hudson bays w\ld d well dur+ ! :ole ( ! voyage to read (f ! b>omet] e ?ree h\rs1 z _! tracks w\ld approa* ne>e/ ! c5tre ( di/urbance 9 "q4 ,be=e cross+ ! #ej? m]idian1 ! undulations aris+ f ! di/ribution ( l& & wat] 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ^! va/ inl& seas w\ld receive consid]able elucidation f ! %ort] int]vals ( obs]vation1 & aft] pass+ ! #ej? m]idian ! ext5t ( undulation1 z comp>$ ) t obs]v$ by ! m s\!rly vessels1 w\ld be m di/9ctly m>k$ by ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies4 ,survey+ vessels /ation$ on ! nor?-we/]n coa/s ( ,irel& & ,scotl& may contribute mo/ important in=mation on ?is head by a regul> &1 z f> z circum/ances w all[1 an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ei!r ( six-h\rly or ?ree-h\rly obs]vations4 ,! int]vals ( obs]vation on bo>d vessels /ation$ at ! ,we/]n ,isles1 ! ,orkneys1 & ! ,%etl& ,isles1 ought n to be long] ?an ?ree h\rs1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( ! great ext5t ( oscillation obs]v$ 9 ^? localities4 ,vessels arriv+ f all p>ts ( ! _w z !y approa* ! ,unit$ ,k+dom %\ld obs]ve at %ort] int]vals ?an six h\rs4 ,z a g5]al in/ruction on ?is head ! s]ies ( ?ree-h\rly obs]vations may be comm5c$ on bo>d vessels f ,am]ica & ! ,pacific by ! way ( ,cape ,horn on _! pass+ ! #bj? m]idian1 su* ?ree-h\rly obs]vations to be cont9u$ until ! arrival ( ! vessels 9 port4 ,%ips by ! way ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope %\ld comm5ce ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies ei!r on leav+ or pass+ ! colony1 9 ord] t ! phnom5a ( ! tropical depression h]eaft] to be notic$ may be well obs]v$4 ,nor!rn ,atlantic4 ,outw>d-b\nd ,voyages4--,vessels sail+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mexico1 & ! ,we/ ,indies1 %\ld obs]ve at ?ree h\rs' int]val ^u pass+ ! #fj? m]idian4 ,obs]vations at ?is int]val1 on bo>d vessels navigat+ ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 w be p>ticul>ly valuable 9 det]m9+ ! ext5t ( oscillation z influ5c$ by ! masses ( l& & wat] 9 ?is portion ( ! torrid zone1 z comp>$ ) ! oscillation notic$ (f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa1 h]eaft] to be ref]r$ to4 ,s\!rn ,atlantic4 ,outw>d & homew>d b\nd4--,)\t d\bt ! mo/ int]e/+ phnom5on1 & "o t lies at ! root ( ! great atmosph]ic movem5ts1 especially ^? proce$+ nor?w>ds 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e & s\?w>ds 9 ! s\!rn1 is ! equatorial depression fir/ notic$ by ,von ,humboldt & confirm$ by _m obs]v]s s9ce4 ,we %all f9d ! g5]al expression ( ?is mo/ important meteorological fact 9 ! ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,physics & ,meteorology1 appo9t$ by ! ,royal ,society 9 #ahdj1 z foll[s3 ,! b>omet]1 at ! level ( ! sea1 does n indicate a mean atmosph]ic pressure ( equal am\nt 9 all p>ts ( ! e>?2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! equatorial pressure is uni=mly less 9 its mean am\nt ?an at & beyond ! tropics4 ,vessels t are outw>d b\nd %\ld1 ^u pass+ #dj nor? latitude1 comm5ce ! s]ies ( ?ree-h\rly obs]vations1 ) an especial ref]5ce to ! equatorial depression4 ,^! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations %\ld be cont9u$ until ! latitude ( #dj s\? has be5 pass$3 ! :ole s]ies w !n include ! m9imum ( ! depression & ! two maxima or apices =m+ its b\nd>ies4 7,see ,daniell's ',meteorological ,essays1' #crd edition47 ,9 passages across ! equator1 %\ld ! %ips be delay$ by calms1 opportunities %\ld be embrac$ = obs]v+ ?is depression ) great] precision by means ( h\rly read+s2 & ^! read+s w n only be valuable z respects ! depression "h spok5 (1 b w g f> to indicate ! "* ( any di/urbance t may arise1 & po9t out1 z ne>ly z su* obs]vations w all[1 ! precise "t :5 su* di/urbance produc$ its effects 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! %ips4 ,9 po9t ( fact !y w cle>ly illu/rate ! div]sion ( ! t5d5cy to rise1 spok5 ( 9 ! ,report be=e allud$ to1 z result+ 9 asc5d+ columns & %eets1 betwe5 :i* w9d flaws1 caprici\s 9 _! direction & int5sity1 & (t5 am\nt+ to %>p squalls1 m>k out ! c\rse ( _! fe$]s & ! indraft ( cool] air f a di/ance to supply _! void4 ,h\rly obs]vations1 ) especial ref]5ce to ?is & ! foll[+ head ( inquiry1 %\ld also be made (f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa dur+ ! homew>d-b\nd voyage4 ,imm$iately connect$ ) ?is "p ( ! outw>d-b\nd voyage1 h\rly obs]vations1 z (t5 z circum/ances w p]mit1 :ile ! %ips are sail+ f ! ,madeiras to ! equator1 w be extremely valuable 9 elucidat+ ! orig9 ( ! great sy/em ( s\?-we/]ly atmosph]ic waves t trav]se ,europe1 & 9 furni%+ data = comp>ison ) ! am\nt ( oscillation & o!r b>ometric phnom5a 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 a portion ( ! torrid zone ess5tially diff]5t 9 its configuration & 9 ! relations ( its area to l& & wat]1 z contra-di/+ui%$ to ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,african cont95t2 & ^! h\rly obs]vations are ! m desirable z ! vessels may approa* ! l&4 ,!y may be discont9u$ on pass+ ! equator1 & ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies resum$4 ,!re are two po9ts 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 betwe5 #hj we/ longitude & #cj ea/ longitude1 t claim p>ticul> att5tion 9 a b>ometric po9t ( view1 viz41 ,cape ,horn & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 ! latt] is )9 ! area m>k$ out = ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations1 & too mu* att5tion _c be paid to ! indications ( ! b>omet] z vessels are approa*+ or leav+ ! ,cape4 ,! nor!rn "p ( ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,ocean has be5 t]m$ ! true ,pacific ,ocean ( ! _w2 & at ,/4 ,hel5a a gale 0 sc>cely ev] kn[n2 x is also said to be entirely free f actual /orms 7,col4 ,reid's ',law ( ,/orms1' #a/ edition1 p4 #dae74 ,x may !re=e be expect$ t ! b>omet] w pres5t 9 ?is locality b a small oscillation1 & %ips 9 sail+ f ,/4 ,hel5a to ! ,cape w d well to asc]ta91 by means ( ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations1 ! increase ( oscillation z !y approa* ! ,cape4 ,! same ?+ w hold good ) reg>d to ,cape ,horn3 x appe>s f previ\s obs]vation t a p]man5t b>ometric depression exi/s 9 ?is locality1 mo/ probably 9 "s way connect$ ) ! imm5se depression notic$ by ,capta9 ,sir ,james ,cl>k ,ross1 t[>ds ! ,ant>ctic ,circle4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! atmosph]e (f ,cape ,horn is also extremely diff]5t f its "* at ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,x w\ld !re=e be well = vessels sail+ into ! ,pacific by ,cape ,horn1 to cont9ue ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations until ! #ij? m]idian is pass$4 ,be=e quitt+ ! ,atlantic ,ocean x may be well to notice ! m>9e /ations m5tion$ 9 my ,?ird ,report on ,atmosph]ic ,waves1#e z be+ p>ticul>ly suitable = te/+ ! views advanc$ 9 t report & = trac+ a wave ( ! s\?-we/]ly sy/em f ! mo/ we/]n po9t ( ,africa to ! extreme nor? ( ,europe4 ,a s]ies ( h\rly obs]vations (f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa has already be5 sugge/$4 ,vessels /ay+ at ,cape ,v]d ,isl&s %\ld n omit to make obs]vations at ?ree h\rs' int]val dur+ ! :ole ( _! /ay1 & :5 circum/ances w all[1 h\rly read+s4 ,at ! ,can>ies1 ,madeiras1 & ! ,azores1 simil> obs]vations %\ld be made4 ,vessels t\*+ at ,cape ,cant91 ,tangi]1 ,gibralt>1 ,cadiz1 ,lisbon1 ,oporto1 ,corunna1 & ,bre/1 %\ld also make ^! obs]vations :ile !y are 9 ! localities ( ^! ports4 ,at ! ,scilly ,isles we h six-h\rly obs]vations1 made "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,hon\rable ! ,corporation ( ! ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,%ips 9 ne>+ ^! isl&s & mak+ ! obs]vations already po9t$ out1 w greatly assi/ 9 det]m9+ ! increase ( oscillation proce$+ we/w>d f ! nodal po9t ( ! two great ,european sy/ems4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! s]vice survey+ vessels employ$ on ! coa/s ( ,irel& & ,scotl& may r5d]1 & ! rema9+ portion ( ! area m>k$ out 9 ! report may be occupi$ by vessels navigat+ ! ,nor? ,sea & ! coa/ ( ,norway1 z f> z ,hamm]fe/4 ,9 connexion ) ^! obs]vations1 hav+ especial ref]5ce to ! ,european sy/em ( s\?-we/]ly atmosph]ic waves1 ! ,m$it]ranean pres5ts a surface ( consid]able int]e/1 bo? z reg>ds ^! p>ticul> waves1 & ! influ5ce its wat]s ex]t 9 modify+ ! two great sy/ems ( c5tral ,europe4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,daniell has %[n f ! ,manheim obs]vations1 t small undulations1 hav+ _! orig9 on ! nor!rn bord]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 h propagat$ !mselves nor?w>d1 & 9 ?is mann]1 b 9 a small] degree1 ! wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean h contribut$ to increase ! oscillation z well z ! l>g] surface ( ! nor!rn ,atlantic4 ,9 mo/ ( ! localities ( ?is great inl& sea six-h\rly obs]vations may suffice = ?is imm$iate purpose2 b 9 sail+ f ,lisbon ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,sicily & ,italy1 & 9 ! ,grecian ,ar*ipelago1 we %\ld recomm5d ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies1 z m>k+ m di/9ctly ! effects result+ f ! proximity ( l&2 ?is rem>k has especial ref]5ce to ! passage ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>1 :]e1 if possible1 h\rly obs]vations %\ld be made4 ,! ,indian & ,s\!rn ,oceans4 ,outw>d & homew>d b\nd4--,on sail+ f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,*9a1 or ,au/ralia1 obs]vations at int]vals ( ?ree h\rs %\ld be made until ! #dj? m]idian ea/ is pass$ 7homew>d-b\nd vessels %\ld comm5ce ! ?ree-h\rly read+s on arriv+ at ?is m]idian74 ,^u leav+ ! #dj? m]idian ! six-h\rly obs]vations may be resum$ on bo>d vessels b\nd = ! ,indies & ,*9a until !y arrive at ! equator1 :5 ! read+s %\ld aga9 be made at int]vals ( ?ree h\rs1 & cont9u$ until ! arrival ( ! vessels 9 port4 ,) reg>d to vessels b\nd = ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 ! six-h\rly read+s may be cont9u$ f ! #dj? to ! #ajj? m]idian1 & ^u ! vessels pass+ ! latt]1 ! ?ree-h\rly read+s %\ld be comm5c$ & cont9u$ until ! vessels arrive 9 port4 ,vessels navigat+ ! ,ar*ipelago betwe5 ,*9a & ,new ,zeal&1 %\ld make obs]vations e ?ree h\rs1 9 ord] t ! undulations aris+ f ! configuration ( ! t]re/rial & oceanic surfaces may be m di/9ctly m>k$ & m advantage\sly comp>$ ) ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 & ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,african cont95t4 ,! ,pacific ,ocean4--,z ?is ocean pres5ts s va/ an aque\s surface1 g5]ally speak+ obs]vations at int]vals ( six h\rs w be amply suffici5t to asc]ta9 its lead+ b>ometric phnom5a4 ,vessels1 h[ev]1 on approa*+ ! cont95ts ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 or sail+ across ! equator1 %\ld resort to ! ?ree-h\rly read+s1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 m di/9ctly ! effect ( ! neighb\rhood ( l& on ! oscillations ( ! b>omet]1 z g5]ally obs]v$1 ov] s imm5se a surface ( wat] 9 ! "o case1 & ! phnom5a ( ! equatorial depression 9 ! o!r3 ! same rem>ks relative to ! latt] subject1 :i* we (f]$ "u ! head ( ,s\? ,atlantic1 w equally apply 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,! configuration ( ! we/]n %ores ( ,nor? ,am]ica r5d]s x difficult to det]m9e ! precise b\nd>y :]e ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies %\ld comm5ce2 ! #ij? m]idian is recomm5d$ = ! b\nd>y z reg>ds ,s\? ,am]ica1 & f ?is a judgm5t may be =m$ z to :]e ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations %\ld comm5ce 9 ref]5ce to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! previ\s sket* ( ! localities = ! m important obs]vations1 x w be se5 t )9 ! tropics !re are ?ree :i* dem& ! greate/ reg>d4 ,i4 ,! ,ar*ipelago betwe5 ! two ,am]icas1 m p>ticul>ly compris$ )9 ! #dj? & #abj? m]idians we/ longitude1 & ! equator & ! #dj? degree ( nor? latitude4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple we %\ld say t vessels )9 ?is area %\ld obs]ve ! b>omet] e ?ree h\rs4 ,its ea/]n portion includes ! l[] bran*es ( ! /orm pa?s1 & on ?is acc\nt is peculi>ly int]e/+1 especially 9 a b>ometric po9t ( view4 ,,ii4 ,! ,nor!rn portion ( ! ,african ,cont95t1 includ+ ! ,sah>a or ,great ,des]t4--,?is va/ radiat+ surface mu/ ex]t consid]able influ5ce on ! wat]s on ea* side nor!rn ,africa4 ,vessels sail+ )9 ! area compris$ betwe5 #dj we/ & #gj ea/1 & ! equator & ! #dj? p>allel1 %\ld also make obs]vations at int]vals ( ?ree h\rs4 ,,iii4 ,! great ,ea/]n ,ar*ipelago4--,?is pres5ts a some:at simil> "* to ! we/]n2 l t1 x is ! region ( t]rific hurricanes1 & x becomes a mo/ int]e/+ object to det]m9e its b>ometric phnom5a2 ! ?ree-h\rly sy/em ( obs]vation may !re=e be resort$ to )9 an area compris$ betwe5 ! #gj? & #adj? m]idians1 & ! equator & ! #dj? degree ( nor? latitude4 ,! s\!rn hemisph]e also pres5ts ?ree important localities1 ! prolongations ( ! ?ree tropical areas4 ,x is unnecess>y to enl>ge ^u ^!1 z ample in/ructions h be5 already giv54 ,we may1 h[ev]1 rem>k1 ) reg>d to ,au/ralia1 t ?ree-h\rly obs]vations %\ld be made )9 ! area compris$ betwe5 ! #ajj? & #aij? m]idians ea/1 & ! equator & ! #ej? p>allel s\?1 & h\rly ones 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( all its coa/s4 ,,iv4--,,/orms1 ,,hurricanes1 ,,& ,,typhoons4 ,! solution ( ! "q--,h[ f> & 9 :at mann] are /orms connect$ ) atmosph]ic waves8--mu/ be extremely int]e/+ to e "o engag$ 9 ei!r ! naval or m]*ant s]vice4 ,z we h 9 ! =m] *apt]s direct$ att5tion to _! connexion1 our great object "h w be to endeav\r to m>k out su* a l9e ( obs]vation z appe>s mo/ capable ( ?r[+ light1 n only on ! mo/ important desid]ata z connect$ ) /orms1 b also _! connexion or non-connexion ) atmosph]ic waves4 ,we %all accord+ly arrange ?is portion ( ! in/ructions "u ! foll[+ heads3--,desid]ata2 ,localities2 ,m>g9s2 ,prec$+ & ,succe$+ ,accumulations ( ,pressure4 ,desid]ata4--,! mo/ important desid]ata app]ta9+ to ! subject ( /orms1 are c]ta9ly _! orig9 & t]m9ation4 ,( ^! initial & t]m9al po9ts 9 ! c\rse ( great /orms we absolutely "k no?+1 unless ! :ite appe>ance ( a r\nd =m obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,seym\r on bo>d ! ,judi? & ,e/h]1 9 lat4 #ag #ai' nor? & long4 #eb #aj' we/ 7see ,col4 ,reid's ',law ( ,/orms1' #a/ edit4 p4 #fe71 may be reg>d$ z ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,antigua hurricane ( ,augu/ #b1 #ahcg4 ,?is vessel 0 ! mo/ ea/]n ( ^? f :i* obs]vations _h be5 obta9$2 & x is ! abs5ce ( contemporane\s obs]vations to ! ea/w>d ( ! #ej? m]idian t leaves ! "q z to ! orig9 ( ! ,we/ ,indian revolv+ /orms unsolv$4 ,n "o ( ,mr4 ,r$field's /orm r\tes ext5ds ea/w>d ( ! #ej? m]idian2 ?is at once m>ks out1 s f> z /orms are conc]n$1 ! entire space includ$ betwe5 ! #bj? & #ej? m]idians1 ! equator & ! #fj? p>allel1 z a mo/ suitable area = obs]vations1 "u p>ticul> circum/ances h]eaft] to be notic$1 ) especial ref]5ce ei!r to ! comm5cem5t or t]m9ation ( /orms1 or ! prolongation ( ,mr4 ,r$field's /orm pa?s4 ,localities4--,! ?ree pr9cipal localities ( /orms are z foll[s3--,i4 ,! we/]n portion ( ! bas9 ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic2 ,,ii4 ,! ,*9a ,sea & ,bay ( ,b5gal2 & ,,iii4 ,! ,indian ,ocean1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,mauritius4 ,! fir/ two h already be5 m>k$ out z areas = ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations2 to ! latt]1 ! rem>k z to extra obs]vations "u ! head ( ,desid]ata w apply4 ,m>g9s4--,mr4 ,r$field has %[n t on "s occasions /orms h be5 prec$$ by an unusual pressure ( ! atmosph]e2 ! b>omet] has /ood rem>kably high1 & x has h5ce be5 inf]r$ t !re has exi/$ ar\nd ! gale an accumulation ( air =m+ a m>g92 b>omet]s plac$ "u ?is m>g9 indicat+ a mu* great] pressure ?an ! mean ( ! respective localities4 ,) reg>d to ! ,we/ ,indian & ,am]ican hurricanes--any consid]able increase ( pressure1 especially )9 ! space m>k$ out to ! ea/w>d ( ! #ej? m]idian1 w dem& imm$iate att5tion4 ,^u ! b>omet] rang+ v high )9 ?is space1 ?ree-h\rly obs]vations %\ld be imm$iately resort$ to2 & if possible1 h\rly read+s tak51 & ?is is ! m important ! ne>] ! vessel may be to ! #ej? m]idian4 ,ea* obs]vation ( ! b>omet] %\ld be accompani$ by an obs]vation ( ! w9d--its direction %\ld be mo/ c>efully not$1 & ! =ce e/imat$ accord+ to ! scale 9 page #ba1 or by ! anemomet]4 ,x w\ld be z well at ! "t to project ! b>ometric read+s 9 a curve ev5 ( a r\gh "*1 t ! ext5t ( fall aft] ! m]cury _h pass$ its maximum might be readily disc]nible by ! eye4 ,a pap] rul$ 9 squ>es1 ! v]tical l9es repres5t+ ! comm5cem5t ( h\rs1 & ! horizontal t5?s ( an in*1 w\ld be q suffici5t = ?is purpose4 ,! =ce ( ! w9d %\ld be not$ at1 or z ne> to ! "t ( ! passage ( ! maximum z possible4 ,dur+ ! fall ( ! m]cury p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! mann] 9 :i* ! w9d *anges1 %\ld any *ange be obs]v$2 & %\ld ! w9d cont9ue bl[+ /eadily 9 "o direction1 b gradually increas+ 9 =ce1 !n su* increm5ts ( =ce %\ld be mo/ c>efully not$4 ,dur+ ! fall ( ! b>omet]1 %\ld ! *anges ( ! w9d & its increas+ =ce indicate ! neighb\rhood ( a revolv+ /orm1 7indep5d5t ( ! obvi\s reasons = avoid+ ! focus ( ! /orm17 x w\ld contribute z mu* to increase our k ( ^! dang]\s vortices to keep z ne> z possible to _! m>g9s z to approa* _! c5tres4 ,! recess f ! c5tre t[>ds ! m>g9 ( ! /orm1 w probably be r5d]$ app>5t by ! ris+ ( ! m]cury2 & s f> z ! obs]vations may be consid]$ valuable = elucidat+ ! connexion ( atmosph]ic waves ) rotatory /orms 7o!r motives be+ balanc$71 x might be desirable to keep ! %ip ne> ! m>g9--provid$ %e is n c>ri$ beyond ! influ5ce ( ! w9ds :i* *>act]ize ! latt] half ( ! /orm--until ! b>omet] has ne>ly atta9$ its usual elevation4 ,by ?is means "s notion might be =m$ ( ! g5]al direction ( ! l9e ( b>ometric pressure prec$+ or succe$+ a /orm4 ,%\ld a gale be obs]v$ comm5c+ )\t its hav+ be5 prec$$ by an unusual elevation ( ! m]curial column1 & consequ5tly no additional obs]vation h be5 made2 :5 ! =ce ( ! w9d is not$ 9 ! usual obs]vations at or above #e1 !n ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies %\ld be resort$ to1 & ! same c>e tak5 9 not+ ! direction1 *anges1 & =ce ( ! w9d z po9t$ out 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,! =ego+ rem>ks relate especially to ! c5tral & we/]n portions ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic2 !y w h[ev] equally apply to ! rema9+ localities ( /orms4 ,"u any circum/ances1 & 9 any locality1 a high b>omet] n less ?an a l[ "o %\ld dem& p>ticul> att5tion1 & if possible1 h\rly read+s tak5 "s "t be=e & aft] ! passage ( ! maximum3 ?is w be ref]r$ to m p>ticul>ly "u ! next head4 ,prec$+ & ,succe$+ ,accumulations ( ,pressure4--,mr4 ,r$field has %[n 9 8 ,memoir ( ! ,cuba ,hurricane ( ,octob]1 #ahdd1 t two associat$ /orms 7 imm$iately prec$$ by a b>ometric wave1 or accumulation ( pressure1 ! b>omet] ris+ above ! usual or annual mean4 ,we h j ref]r$ to ! importance ( h\rly obs]vations on occasions ( ! read+s be+ high z capable ( illu/rat+ ! m>g9al phnom5a ( /orms1 & 9 connexion ) ^! accumulations ( pressure 9 advance ( /orms we w\ld reit]ate ! sugge/ion4 ,^! /rips ( accumulat$ pressure are d\btless cre/s ( atmosph]ic waves roll+ =w>ds4 ,9 "s cases a %ip 9 its progress may cut !m transv]sely 9 a direction at "r angles to _! l5g?1 9 o!rs v obliquely2 b 9 all cases1 :atev] section may be giv5 by ! curve repres5t+ ! obs]vations1 too mu* att5tion _c be be/[$ on ! b>omet]1 ! wet & dry bulb !rmomet]1 ! direction & =ce ( ! w9d1 ! /ate ( ! sky1 & ! appe>ance ( ! ocean dur+ ! %ip's passage ?r\gh su* an accumulation ( pressure4 ,:5 ! b>omet] atta9s its mean altitude1 & is rapidly ris+ above x 9 any locality1 !n h\rly obs]vations ( ! in/rum5ts & phnom5a above notic$ %\ld be comm5c$ & cont9u$ until aft] ! m]cury _h atta9$ its highe/ po9t & _h sunk aga9 to its mean /ate4 ,9 su* obs]vations p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! direction & =ce ( ! w9d prec$+ ! b>ometric maximum--& ! same phnom5a succe$+ x1 & p>ticul> notice %\ld be tak5 ( ! "t :51 & am\nt ( any *ange ei!r 9 ! direction or =ce ( ! w9d4 ,x is by su* obs]vations z ^!1 c>ri$ on ) great c>e & made at e accessible portion ( ! oceanic surface1 t we may be able to asc]ta9 ! cont9uity ( ^! atmosph]ic waves1 to det]m9e some:at respect+ _! l5g?1 to %[ ! "* ( _! connexion ) ! rotatory /orm1 & to d$uce ! direction & rate ( _! progress4 ,v4--,,seasons ,,= ,,extra ,,obs]vations4 ,9 ref]5ce to c]ta9 desid]ata t h pres5t$ !mselves 9 ! c\rse ( my rese>*es on ?is subject 7see ,report ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahdf1 p4 #afc71 ! phases ( ! l>g] b>ometric undulations1 & ! types ( ! v>i\s seasons ( ! ye>1 dem& p>ticul> att5tion & call = extra obs]vations at c]ta9 seasons3 ( ^!1 ?ree only h yet be5 asc]ta9$--! type = ! middle ( ,novemb]--! annual depression on or ab\t ! #bh? ( ,novemb]--& ! annual elevation on or ab\t ! #be? ( ,decemb]4 ,! enunciation ( ! fir/ is z "u3 ,t dur+ f\rte5 days 9 ,novemb]1 m or less equally dispos$ ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 ! oscillations ( ! b>omet] exhibit a rem>kably symmetrical "*1 t is to say1 ! fall succe$+ ! transit ( ! maximum or ! highe/ read+ is to a great ext5t simil> to ! prec$+ rise4 ,?is rise & fall is n cont9u\s or unbrok52 9 "s cases x consi/s ( five1 9 o!rs ( ?ree di/9ct elevations4 ,! complete rise & fall has be5 t]m$ ! great symmetrical b>ometric wave ( ,novemb]4 ,at its sett+ 9 ! b>omet] is g5]ally l[1 sometimes bel[ tw5ty-n9e in*es4 ,?is depression is g5]ally succe$$ by two well-m>k$ undulations1 v>y+ f "o to two days 9 duration4 ,! c5tral undulation1 :i* also =ms ! apex ( ! great wave1 is ( l>g] ext5t1 occupy+ f ?ree to five days2 :5 ?is has pass$1 two small] undulations correspond+ to ^? at ! comm5cem5t ( ! wave make _! appe>ance1 & at ! close ( ! la/ ! wave t]m9ates4 ,) b slight exceptions1 ! obs]vations ( eight successive ye>s h confirm$ ! g5]al correctness ( ?is type4 ,on two occasions ! c5tral apex has n be5 ! highe/1 & ^! deviations1 ) "s ( a m9or "*1 =m ! exceptions allud$ to4 ,?is type only has ref]5ce to ,london & ! s\?-ea/]n p>ts ( ,engl&2 proce$+ we/w>d1 nor?-we/w>d1 & nor?w>d1 ! symmetrical "* ( ?is type is consid]ably dep>t$ f2 ea* locality possess+ its own type ( ! b>ometric movem5ts dur+ ,novemb]4 ,! desid]ata 9 imm$iate connexion ) ! ,novemb] movem5ts1 z obs]v$ 9 ! s\!rn & s\?-ea/]n p>ts ( ,engl&1 t pres5t !mselves1 are--! det]m9ation ( ! types = ,novemb]1 especially its middle portion1 z exhibit$ on ! oceanic surface )9 an area compris$ betwe5 ! #cj? & #fj? p>allels1 & ! #a/ & #dj? m]idians we/4 ,vessels sail+ )9 ?is area may contribute greatly to ! det]m9ation ( ^! types by mak+ obs]vations at int]vals ( ?ree h\rs f ! #a/ ( ,novemb] to ! #g? or #h? ( ,decemb]4 ,! entire p]iod ( ! great symmetrical wave ( ,novemb] w mo/ probably be embrac$ by su* a s]ies ( obs]vations1 z well z ! annual depression ( ! #bh?4 ,= ! elevation ( ! #be? ( ,decemb] ! ?ree-h\rly obs]vations %\ld be comm5c$ on ! #ba/1 & cont9u$ until ! #crd or #d? ( ! succe$+ ,janu>y4 ,) respect to ! great wave ( ,novemb]1 our k ( x w\ld be mu* increas$ by su* a s]ies ( obs]vations z m5tion$ above1 be+ made on bo>d survey+ & o!r vessels employ$ (f ,scotl& & ,irel&2 vessels navigat+ ! ,nor? ,sea2 vessels /ation$ (f ! coa/s ( ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,africa1 & at all our /ations 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,9 ?is way ! area ( exam9ation w\ld be greatly enl>g$1 & ! diff]5ces ( ! curves m fully elucidat$2 & ?is ext5d$ area ( obs]vation is ! m desirable1 z !re is "s reason to believe t ! l9e ( greate/ symmetry revolves ar\nd a fix$ po9t1 mo/ probably ! nodal po9t ( ! great ,european sy/ems4 ,x is highly probable t movem5ts ( a some:at simil> "*1 al?\gh pres5t+ v diff]5t curves1 exi/ 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! ,novemb] wave is m or less associat$ ) /orms4 ,x has be5 g5]ally prec$$ by a high b>omet] & succe$$ by a l[ "o1 & ?is l[ /ate ( ! b>omet] has be5 accompani$ by /ormy wea!r4 ,we are !re=e prep>$ to seek = simil> phnom5a 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 9 ^? localities :i* pres5t simil> /ates ( wea!r1 & at seasons :5 su* wea!r pr$om9ates4 ,we h already m>k$ out ! two capes 9 ! ,s\!rn hemisph]e = ?ree-h\rly obs]vations3 !y mu/ d\btless possess v peculi> b>ometric *>act]s1 /ret*+ z !y d into ! va/ area ( ! ,s\!rn ,ocean4 ,x is highly probable t ! oscillations1 especially at "s seasons1 are v consid]able1 & vessels visit+ !m at su* seasons w\ld d well to record ) especial c>e ! indications ( ! in/rum5ts already allud$ to4 ,at pres5t we "k b little ( ! b>ometric movem5ts 9 ! ,s\!rn hemisph]e1 & e addition to our k 9 ?is respect w op5 ! way to m important conclusions4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! s\?-ea/ ( ,engl& t ! b>omet] has g5]ally pass$ a maximum on or ab\t ! #crd ( e mon?1 & ?is has be5 s frequ5tly ! case z to =m ! rule r ?an ! exception4 ,! same fact dur+ a m limit$ p]iod has be5 obs]v$ at ,toronto4 ,) especial ref]5ce to ?is subject ! ?ree-h\rly s]ies ( obs]vations may be resort$ to 9 all localities1 b especially nor? ( ! #dj? p>allel 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,!y %\ld be comm5c$ at midnight imm$iately prec$+ ! #a/ & cont9u$ to midnight succe$+ ! #e?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,avoid+ ,,! ,,c5tres ,,( ,,rotat+ ,,/orms4 ,figures #a & #b1 enl>g$ & pr9t$ on n>r[ r+s ( /iff c>dbo>d1 are employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,! lett]s outside ! ?ick circle are int5d$ to di/+ui% ! po9ts ( ! compass1 & 9 use %\ld always co9cide ) ^? po9ts on ! *>t4 ,! lett]s )9 ! ?ick circle indicate ! direction ( ! w9d 9 a hurricane1 ! :irl be+ %[n by ! arr[s betwe5 ! lett]s4 ,9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ! direction ( ! :irl is always contr>y to t 9 :i* ! h&s ( a wat* move1 & 9 ! s\!rn co9cid5t !reto4 ,! graduation is int5d$ to assi/ ! m>9] 9 asc]ta9+ ! be>+ ( ! c5tre ( a /orm f 8 %ip4 ,use4 ,at any "t :5 a sev]e gale or hurricane is expect$1 ! seaman %\ld at once f9d ! position ( 8 %ip on ! *>t1 & place ^u x ! graduat$ po9t :i* answ]s to ! direction ( ! w9d at ! "t1 tak+ c>e t ! ne$le is direct$ to ! nor?1 s t ! ext]ior lett]s may po9t on ! *>t to ! respective po9ts ( ! compass3 ?is is v ess5tial4 ,?is simple process w at once acqua9t ! seaman ) two important facts relative to ! com+ hurricane--8 position 9 ! /orm1 & ! direction 9 :i* x is mov+4 ,examples4 ,a capta9 ( a %ip 9 latitude #ce #bd' ,n41 longitude #fd #ab' ,w41 b\nd to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 obs]ves ! b>omet] to /& unusually high1 say #cjee in*es3 %ortly aft] ! m]cury beg9s to fall1 at fir/ sl[ly & /eadily2 z ! glass falls ! w9d fre%5s1 & is notic$ to bl[ ) increas+ =ce f ! ,s4 s z to ?reat5 a gale4 ,! position ( ! %ip on ! *>t is n[ to be f\nd1 & ! graduat$ po9t "u ! lett]s ,e4 ,s4 is to be plac$ !reon1 tak+ c>e to direct ! ne$le to ! nor?4 ,f ^! two circum/ances1 ! fall+ b>omet] & ! w9d bl[+ f ! s\? ) increas+ =ce1 ! m>9] is aw>e ( ?is simple fact1 t he is situat$ 9 ! advanc+ portion ( a body ( air :i* is proce$+ t[>ds ! ,n4,e42 & if he turn 8 face to ! ,n4,e4 he w f9d he is on ! "r ( ! axis l9e1 or l9e cutt+ ! advanc+ body transv]sely4 ,! hurricane circle z x lies on ! *>t reveals to him ano!r important fact1 :i* is1 t if he pursue 8 c\rse he w sail t[>ds ! axis l9e ( ! hurricane1 & may /& a *ance ( f\nd]+ 9 its c5tre4 ,to avoid ?is he has "o ( two c\rses to adopt2 ei!r to lay-to on ! />bo>d tack1 accord+ to ,col4 ,reid's rules 7see 8 ',law ( ,/orms1' #a/ edit41 pp4 #dbe to #dbh71 ! %ip be+ 9 ! "r-h& semicircle ( ! hurricane1 or s to alt] 8 c\rse z to keep )\t ! influ5ce ( ! /orm4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! adoption ( ! latt] alt]native w\ld involve a rev]sal ( 8 =m] c\rse2 nev]!less x is cle> ! m he be>s to ! ,s4,e4 ! less he w exp]i5ce ! viol5ce ( ! hurricane3 %\ld he heave 8 %ip to1 ^u mov+ ! hurricane circle f ! %ip's place on ! *>t t[>ds ! ,n4,e41 he w be able to judge ( ! *anges ( ! w9d he is likely to exp]i5ce3 ?us x w fir/ ve] to ,s4,s4,w41 ! b>omet] /ill fall+2 !n to ,s4,w41 ! b>omet] at a m9imum--?is m>ks ! position ( ! mo/ viol5t portion ( ! /orm he may be 91 & by keep+ ! b>omet] z high z he c by be>+ t[>ds ! ,s4,e41 ! f>!r he w be f ! c5tre--! b>omet] n[ beg9s to rise1 ! w9d ve]+ to ,w4,s4,w41 & ! hurricane f9ally passes (f ) ! w9d at ,w4 ,x is to be p>ticul>ly rem>k$ t 9 ?is example ! %ip is 9 ! mo/ dang]\s quadrant1 z by scudd+ %e w\ld be driv5 9 advance ( ! track ( ! /orm's c5tre1 :i* ( c\rse w\ld be approa*+ h]4 ,assum+ t ! hurricane sets 9 at ! %ip's place ) ! w9d at ,s4,e41 ! proce$+ w be altoge!r diff]5t4 ,at fir/ ! w9d is fair = ! prosecution ( ! voyage1 & x is desirable to take advantage ( ?is fair w9d to avoid z mu* z possible ! track ( ! c5tre1 :i* passes ov] ! %ip's place 9 ?is in/ance1 & is always ! mo/ dang]\s "p ( ! /orm4 ,z ! %ip is able to make good di/ance f ?is track by be>+ t[>ds ! ,n4,w41 provid$ %e has pl5ty ( sea-room1 %e w exp]i5ce less ( ! viol5ce ( ! hurricane2 b z mo/ ( ! ,atlantic /orms sweep ov] ! %ore1 x w be desirable to lay-to at "s po9t on ! l>bo>d tack1 ! %ip be+ n[ 9 ! left-h& semicircle4 ,by mov+ ! circle z be=e direct$ x w be se5 t ! ve]+ ( ! w9d is n[ ,e4,s4,e41 ,e41 ,e4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 ! l[e/ b>omet] ,n4,n4,e41 ,n41 & ,n4,n4,w41 ! %ip exp]i5c+ m or less ( ^! *anges z x is ne>] to or f>!r f ! axis l9e4 ,9 latitudes l[] ?an #bj ,n4 ! ,atlantic hurricanes usually move t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 ,tak+ ! same positions ( our %ip ) reg>d to ! /orms z 9 ! two =m] examples1 if ! /orm set 9 ) ! w9d ,e4 ! prop] proce$+ is to be> away = ! ,n4,e41 ! mo/ dang]\s quadrant ( ! hurricane hav+ ov]tak5 ! %ip1 ! ve]+ ( ! w9d if %e is ly+-to w be ,e41 ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 ) ! l[e/ b>omet] ,s4,s4,e4 & ,s4 ,%\ld ! /orm set 9 at ,n4,e41 h] position at ! "t w be "s indication ( ! di/ance ( ! c5tre's track f ! ne>e/ l&1 & w greatly assi/ 9 det]m9+ ! po9t at :i* ! capta9 ought to lay-to aft] tak+ advantage ( ! ,n4,e4 w9d1 %\ld he be able s to d1 to be> away f ! c5tre l9e1 s z to avoid z mu* z possible ! viol5ce ( ! /orm4 ,f ! proximity ( ! ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s to ?is locality ( ! /orm-pa?s1 ! dang] is proportionally increas$4 ,! above examples h ref]5ce only to ! l[] & upp] bran*es ( ! /orm pa?s ( ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,we/ ,indies & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 latitudes f ab\t #be to #cb ^! pa?s usually re-curve1 & at "s po9t w move t[>ds ! nor?4 ,! ve]+ ( ! w9d w consequ5tly be m or less complicat$ accord+ z ! %ip may be ne>] to or f>!r f ! c5tre4 ,! tables on page #aa1 comb9$ ) ! fir/ ( ^? imm$iately foll[+ ! next p>agraph1 w1 x is hop$1 prove advantage\s 9 assi/+ ! m>9] z to ! c\rse to be adopt$4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple we %\ld say x w\ld be be/ to be> to ! ea/w>d1 s z n only to avoid ! great] fury ( ! /orm1 b to get into ! ,s4 & ,s4,w4 w9ds1 :i* give ! pr9cipal *ances ( mak+ a we/]ly c\rse4 ,we h 9 page #dd call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! /orm pa?s trac$ by ,mr4 ,r$field d n ext5d ea/w>d ( ! #ej? m]idian4 ,?is by no means precludes ! exi/5ce ( sev]e /orms & ^? ( a rotatory "* 9 ! great bas9 ( ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic1 especially betwe5 ! #dj? & #ej? p>allels4 ,a rem>kable in/ance has come "u ! au?or's att5tion ( ! w9d haul+ app>5tly contr>y to ! usual !ory3 x may be t ! /orm r\te 0 9 a direction n g5]ally obs]v$4 ,we are at ! pres5t mom5t de/itute ( any in=mation t at all indicates a rev]sion ( ! rotation 9 ei!r hemisph]e4 ,! foll[+ tables con/ruct$ = ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & = /orm r\tes n yet asc]ta9$1 may probably be consult$ ) advantage on anomal\s occasions4 ,,hurricane ,,mov+ ,,f ,,s\? ,,to ,,nor?4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,e41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,w41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 ,s4,s4,e41 ,s41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,w4,s4,w41 ,s4,w41 ,s4,s4,w41 ,s41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,e4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 ,n4,n4,e41 ,n41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,w4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 ,n4,n4,w41 ,n41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,hurricane ,,mov+ ,,f ,,nor? ,,to ,,s\?4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,w41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,e41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,w4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 ,n4,n4,w41 ,n41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,e4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 ,n4,n4,e41 ,n41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,w4,s4,w41 ,s4,w41 ,s4,s4,w41 ,s41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 ,s4,s4,e41 ,s11 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,hurricane ,,mov+ ,,prom ,,we/ ,,to ,,ea/4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,s41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,n41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,s4,s4,w41 ,s4,w41 ,w4,s4,w41 ,w41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,n4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 ,w4,n4,w41 ,w41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,s4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 ,e4,s4,e41 ,e41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,n4,n4,e41 ,n4,e41 ,e4,n4,e41 ,e41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,hurricane ,,mov+ ,,f ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,to ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,s4,w41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,axis l9e1 w9d ,n4,e41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,"r-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,w4,s4,w41 ,w41 ,w4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,n4,n4,e41 ,n41 ,n4,n4,w41 ,n4,w41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,left-,,h& ,,semicircle4 ,w9d ,s4,s4,w41 ,s41 ,s4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 b>omet] fall+1 fir/ half ( /orm4 ,w9d ,e4,n4,e41 ,e41 ,e4,s4,e41 ,s4,e41 b>omet] ris+1 la/ half ( /orm4 ,,app5dix4 ,,table ,i4--,correction to be add$ to ,b>omet]s = ,capill>y ,action4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,correction = ,diamet] ( ,tube4 -------------------------------- ,unboil$ ,tubes4 ,boil$ ,tubes4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,in*4 ,in*4 ,in*4 #jfj #jjjd #jjjb #jej #jjjg #jjjc #jde #jjaj #jjje #jdj #jjad #jjjg #jce #jjbj #jjaj #jcj #jjbh #jjad #jbe #jjdj #jjbj #jbj #jjfj #jjbi #jae #jjhh #jjdd #jaj #jadb #jjgj ---------------------------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,transcib]s note3 ,! foll[+ #ajj l9e table has be5 split into two1 bo? v]tically & horizontally1 s t x c be accommodat$ on ^! pages4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,table ,,ii4--,correction to be appli$ to ,b>omet]s ) ,brass ,scales1 ext5d+ f ! ,ci/]n to ! top ( ! ,m]curial ,column1 to r$uce ! obs]vation to #cb ,fahr5heit4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,i ,n ,c ,h ,e ,s4 ,t ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,t e e m #bd #bde #be #bee #bf #bfe #bg #bge m p p ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #j #jfa #jfc #jfd #jfe #jfg #jfh #jfi #jga #j #a #jei #jfa #jfb #jfc #jfd #jfe #jfg #jfh #a #b #jeg #jeh #jfj #jfa #jfb #jfc #jfd #jff #b #c #jee #jef #jeg #jei #jfj #jfa #jfb #jfc #c #d #jec #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #jei #jfa #d #e #jea #jeb #jec #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #e #f #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jec #jed #jee #jef #f #g #jdf #jdg #jdh #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jec #g #h #jdd #jde #jdf #jdg #jdh #jdi #jej #jea #h #i #jdb #jdc #jdd #jde #jdf #jdf #jdg #jdh #i #aj #jdj #jda #jdb #jdb #jdc #jdd #jde #jdf #aj #aa #jch #jci #jci #jdj #jda #jdb #jdb #jdc #aa #ab #jcf #jcf #jcg #jch #jci #jci #jdj #jda #ab #ac #jcc #jcd #jce #jcf #jcf #jcg #jch #jch #ac #ad #jca #jcb #jcc #jcc #jcd #jce #jce #jcf #ad #ae #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #jcb #jcb #jcc #jcc #ae #af #jbg #jbh #jbh #jbi #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #af #ag #jbe #jbe #jbf #jbf #jbg #jbg #jbh #jbh #ag #ah #jbc #jbc #jbd #jbd #jbe #jbe #jbe #jbf #ah #ai #jba #jba #jba #jbb #jbb #jbc #jbc #jbd #ai #bj #jah #jai #jai #jbj #jbj #jbj #jba #jba #bj #ba #jaf #jag #jag #jag #jah #jah #jah #jai #ba #bb #jad #jad #jae #jae #jae #jaf #jaf #jaf #bb #bc #jab #jab #jab #jac #jac #jac #jac #jad #bc #bd #jaj #jaj #jaj #jaj #jaa #jaa #jaa #jaa #bd #be #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jji #jji #be #bf #jje #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #bf #bg #jjc #jjc #jjc #jjc #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #bg #bh #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #bh -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bi #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #bi #cj #jjc #jjc #jjc #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #cj #ca #jje #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #jjf #ca #cb #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jjh #jji #cb #cc #jaj #jaj #jaj #jaj #jaa #jaa #jaa #jaa #cc #cd #jab #jab #jab #jac #jac #jac #jac #jad #cd #ce #jad #jad #jae #jae #jae #jae #jaf #jaf #ce #cf #jaf #jag #jag #jag #jag #jah #jah #jai #cf #cg #jah #jai #jai #jai #jbj #jbj #jba #jba #cg #ch #jbj #jba #jba #jbb #jbb #jbc #jbc #jbc #ch #ci #jbc #jbc #jbd #jbd #jbd #jbe #jbe #jbf #ci #dj #jbe #jbe #jbf #jbf #jbg #jbg #jbh #jbh #dj #da #jbg #jbg #jbh #jbi #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #da #db #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #jca #jcb #jcc #jcc #db #dc #jca #jcb #jcb #jcc #jcd #jcd #jce #jcf #dc #dd #jcc #jcd #jce #jce #jcf #jcg #jcg #jch #dd #de #jce #jcf #jcg #jch #jch #jci #jdj #jda #de #df #jch #jch #jci #jdj #jda #jdb #jdb #jdc #df #dg #jdj #jda #jda #jdb #jdc #jdd #jde #jdf #dg #dh #jdb #jdc #jdd #jde #jde #jdf #jdg #jdh #dh #di #jdd #jde #jdf #jdg #jdc #jdi #jej #jej #di #ej #jdf #jdg #jdc #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jec #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,i ,n ,c ,h ,e ,s4 ,t ---------------------------------------- ------- ,t e e m #bh #bhe #bi #bie #cj #cje #ca m p p ---------------------------------------- -------------- #j #jgb #jgc #jgd #jgf #jgg #jgh #jhj #j #a #jfi #jga #jgb #jgc #jgd #jgf #jgg #a #b #jfg #jfh #jfi #jgj #jgb #jgc #jgd #b #c #jfd #jfe #jfg #jfh #jfi #jgj #jga #c #d #jfb #jfc #jfd #jfe #jff #jfg #jfh #d #e #jci #jfj #jfa #jfb #jfc #jfe #jff #e #f #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #jfa #jfb #jfc #f #g #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #g #h #jeb #jec #jed #jed #jee #jef #jeg #h #i #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jec #jed #jed #i #aj #jdg #jdg #jdh #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #aj #aa #jdd #jde #jdf #jdf #jdg #jdh #jdi #aa #ab #jdb #jdb #jdc #jdd #jde #jde #jdf #ab #ac #jci #jdj #jdj #jda #jdb #jdc #jdc #ac #ad #jcg #jcg #jch #jch #jci #jdj #jdj #ad #ae #jcd #jce #jce #jcf #jcf #jcg #jch #ae #af #jcb #jcb #jcc #jcc #jcd #jcd #jce #af #ag #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #jca #jcb #jcb #ag #ah #jbf #jbg #jbg #jbh #jbh #jbi #jbi #ah #ai #jbd #jbd #jbe #jbe #jbf #jbf #jbg #ai #bj #jba #jbb #jbb #jbc #jbc #jbc #jbd #bj #ba #jai #jai #jbj #jbj #jbj #jba #jba #ba #bb #jaf #jag #jag #jag #jah #jah #jah #bb #bc #jad #jad #jad #jae #jae #jae #jae #bc #bd #jaa #jab #jab #jab #jab #jab #jac #bd #be #jji #jji #jji #jji #jji #jaj #jaj #be #bf #jjf #jjf #jjg #jjg #jjg #jjg #jjg #bf #bg #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #bg #bh #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #bh -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bi #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #jja #bi #cj #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #jjd #cj #ca #jjf #jjf #jjg #jjg #jjg #jjg #jjg #ca #cb #jji #jji #jji #jji #jji #jaj #jaj #cb #cc #jaa #jab #jab #jab #jab #jab #jab #cc #cd #jad #jad #jad #jae #jae #jae #jae #cd #ce #jaf #jag #jag #jag #jah #jah #jah #ce #cf #jai #jai #jbj #jbj #jbj #jba #jba #cf #cg #jba #jbb #jbb #jbb #jbc #jbc #jbd #cg #ch #jbd #jbd #jbe #jbe #jbf #jbf #jbf #ch #ci #jbf #jbg #jbg #jbh #jbh #jbi #jbi #ci #dj #jbi #jbi #jcj #jcj #jca #jca #jcb #dj #da #jca #jcb #jcc #jcc #jcd #jcd #jce #da #db #jcd #jcd #jce #jcf #jcf #jcg #jcg #db #dc #jcf #jcg #jch #jch #jci #jaj #jdj #dc #dd #jci #jdj #jdj #jda #jdb #jdb #jdc #dd #de #jda #jdb #jdc #jdd #jdd #jde #jdf #de #df #jdd #jde #jde #jdf #jdg #jdh #jdi #df #dg #jdf #jdg #jdh #jdi #jej #jea #jea #dg #dh #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jeb #jec #jed #dh #di #jca #jeb #jec #jed #jee #jef #jeg #di #ej #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #ej ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,table ,,ii4--,cont9u$ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,i ,n ,c ,h ,e ,s4 ,t ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,t e e m #bd #bde #be #bee #bf #bfe #bg #bge m p p ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #ea #jdh #jdi #jej #jea #jeb #jec #jed #jee #ea #eb #jej #jeb #jec #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #eb #ec #jec #jed #jee #jef #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #ec #ed #jee #jef #jeg #jec #jei #jfj #jfb #jfc #ed #ee #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #jfb #jfc #jfd #jfe #ee #ef #jei #jfj #jfa #jfc #jfd #jfe #jff #jfc #ef #eg #jfa #jfb #jfd #jfe #jff #jfh #jfi #jgj #eg #eh #jfc #jfe #jff #jfg #jfi #jgj #jga #jgc #eh #ei #jfe #jfg #jfh #jgj #jga #jgb #jgd #jge #ei #fj #jfh #jfi #jgj #jgb #jgc #jge #jgf #jgg #fj #fa #jgj #jga #jgc #jgd #jge #jgg #jgh #jhj #fa #fb #jgb #jgc #jge #jgf #jgh #jgi #jha #jhb #fb #fc #jgd #jgf #jgg #jgi #jhj #jhb #jhc #jhe #fc #fd #jgf #jgc #jgi #jha #jhb #jhd #jhf #jhg #fd #fe #jgh #jhj #jhb #jhc #jhe #jhf #jhh #jij #fe #ff #jhj #jhb #jhd #jhe #jhg #jhi #jij #jib #ff #fg #jhc #jhd #jhf #jhh #jhi #jia #jic #jie #fg #fh #jhe #jhf #jhh #jij #jib #jid #jie #jig #fh #fi #jhg #jhi #jij #jib #jid #jif #jih #ajj #fi #gj #jhi #jia #jic #jie #jif #jih #ajj #ajb #gj #ga #jia #jic #jie #jig #jii #aja #ajb #ajd #ga #gb #jic #jie #jig #jii #aja #ajc #aje #ajg #gb #gc #jie #jig #jii #aja #ajc #aje #ajg #aji #gc #gd #jig #jii #ajb #ajd #ajf #ajh #aaj #aab #gd #ge #ajj #ajb #ajd #ajf #ajh #aaj #aab #aad #ge #gf #ajb #ajd #ajf #ajh #aaj #aab #aad #aag #gf #gg #ajd #ajf #ajh #aaj #aab #aae #aag #aai #gg #gh #ajf #ajh #aaj #aac #aae #aag #aai #abb #gh #gi #ajh #aaj #aac #aae #aag #aai #abb #abd #gi #hj #aaj #aac #aae #aag #aai #abb #abd #abf #hj #ha #aab #aae #aag #aai #abb #abd #abf #abi #ha #hb #aad #aag #aai #abb #abd #abf #abi #aca #hb #hc #aag #aai #aba #abd #abf #abi #aca #acd #hc #hd #aai #aba #abd #abf #abi #aca #acd #acf #hd #he #aba #abc #acf #abh #aca #acc #acf #aci #he #hf #abc #abf #abh #aca #acc #acf #ach #ada #hf #hg #abe #abh #acj #acc #acf #ach #ada #adc #hg #hh #abg #acj #acc #acc #ach #ada #adc #adf #hh #hi #abi #acb #ace #acg #adj #adc #adf #adh #hi #ij #aca #acd #acg #adj #adb #ade #adh #aea #ij #ia #acd #acf #aci #adb #ade #adh #aej #aec #ia #ib #acf #aci #ada #add #adg #aej #aec #aef #ib #ic #ach #ada #add #adg #adi #aeb #aee #aeh #ic #id #adj #adc #adf #adi #aeb #aee #aeg #afa #id #ie #adb #ade #adh #aea #aed #aeg #afj #afc #ie #if #add #adg #aej #aec #aef #aei #afb #afe #if #ig #adf #adi #aeb #aee #aei #afb #afe #afh #ig #ih #adh #aeb #aee #aeh #afa #afd #afg #agj #ih #ii #aea #aed #aeg #afj #afc #aff #afi #agc #ii #ajj #aec #aef #aei #afb #afe #afi #agb #age #ajj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,i ,n ,c ,h ,e ,s4 ,t ---------------------------------------- ------- ,t e e m #bh #bhe #bi #bie #cj #cje #ca m p p ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #ea #jef #jeg #jeh #jei #jfj #jfa #jfb #ea #eb #jei #jfj #jfa #jfb #jfc #jfd #jfe #eb #ec #jfa #jfc #jfd #jfe #jff #jfg #jfh #ec #ed #jfd #jfe #jff #jfg #jfh #jgj #jga #ed #ee #jff #jfh #jfi #jgj #jga #jgb #jgc #ee #ef #jfi #jgj #jga #jgc #jgd #jge #jgf #ef #eg #jga #jgc #jgd #jge #jgf #jgh #jgi #eg #eh #jgd #jge #jgg #jgh #jgi #jha #jhb #eh #ei #jgf #jgh #jgi #jhj #jhb #jhc #jhe #ei #fj #jgi #jhj #jhb #jhc #jhe #jhf #jhg #fj #fa #jha #jhc #jhd #jhf #jhg #jhi #jij #fa #fb #jhd #jhe #jhg #jhh #jij #jia #jic #fb #fc #jhf #jhh #jhi #jia #jic #jid #jif #fc #fd #jhi #jij #jib #jid #jie #jig #jih #fd #fe #jia #jic #jie #jif #jih #ajj #aja #fe #ff #jid #jif #jig #jii #aja #ajb #ajd #ff #fg #jif #jih #ajj #ajb #ajc #aje #ajg #fg #fh #jii #aja #ajb #ajd #ajf #ajh #aji #fh #fi #aja #ajc #aje #ajg #aji #aaj #aab #fi #gj #ajd #ajf #ajh #aji #aaa #aac #aae #gj #ga #ajf #ajh #aaj #aab #aad #aaf #aah #ga #gb #aji #aaa #aac #aae #aag #aai #abj #gb #gc #aaa #aac #aae #aag #aai #aba #abc #gc #gd #aad #aaf #aah #abj #abb #abd #abf #gd #ge #aaf #aah #abj #abb #abe #abg #abi #ge #gf #aai #aba #abc #abe #abg #abi #aca #gf #gg #aba #abc #abf #abh #acj #acb #acd #gg #gh #abd #abf #abh #acj #acc #ace #acg #gh #gi #abf #abh #aca #acc #ace #acg #adj #gi #hj #abi #aca #acc #acf #ach #adj #adc #hj #ha #aca #acd #acf #ach #ada #adc #ade #ha #hb #acd #acf #ach #ada #adc #adf #adh #hb #hc #acf #aci #ada #adc #adf #adh #aea #hc #hd #aci #ada #add #adf #adi #aea #aed #hd #he #ada #add #adf #adi #aea #aed #aef #he #hf #add #adf #adi #aea #aed #aef #aei #hf #hg #adf #adi #aea #aed #aeg #aei #afb #hg #hh #adi #aea #aed #aeg #aei #afb #afe #hh #hi #aea #aed #aef #aei #afb #afe #afg #hi #ij #aec #aef #aei #afb #afd #afg #agj #ij #ia #aef #aei #afb #afe #afg #agj #agc #ia #ib #aeh #afa #afd #afg #agj #agb #age #ib #ic #afa #afd #afg #agj #agb #age #agh #ic #id #afc #aff #afi #agb #age #agg #ahj #id #ie #aff #afi #agb #age #agh #ahj #ahc #ie #if #afh #aga #agd #agh #aha #ahc #aaf #if #ig #aga #agd #agg #ahj #ahc #ahf #ahi #ig #ih #agc #agf #agi #ahc #ahf #ahh #aia #ih #ii #agf #agi #ahb #ahe #ahh #aia #aid #ii #ajj #agh #aha #ahd #ahh #aia #aid #aig #ajj ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,w4 ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/an=d ,,/reet4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! fir/ half ( ! /orm1 9 ! case be=e allud$ to1 is t ,n4,e4 ( ! l9e ,n4,w4--,s4,e41 fig4 #a1 compris+ ! ea/]ly & s\!rly w9ds2 & ! latt] half1 t ,s4,w4 ( ! same l9e1 compris+ ! nor!rly & we/]ly w9ds4 #b ,?is table is also applicable to ! hurricanes 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,mauritius 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 :]e all ! phnom5a are rev]s$2 ! motion ( ! hurricanes be+ t[>ds ! ,s4,w41 & ! rotation 9 ! direction ( ! h&s ( a wat*1 ! same b>ometric & anemonal phnom5a are exp]i5c$ z 9 a hurricane 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e mov+ t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 #c ,by ! (fic] ( ! wat* be+ *>g$ ) ?is duty1 & its be+ execut$ "u 8 imm$iate sup]9t5d5ce1 x is appreh5d$ t a regi/] may be kept ) great regul>ity4 #d ,^! pap]s may be obta9$ f ,messrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,all5 & ,co41 ,booksell]s to ! ,hon\rable ,ea/ ,india ,company1 ,no4 #g1 ,lead5hall ,/reet1 ,london4 #e ,reports ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahdf1 p4 #aci4