,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,people',s ,,common ,,sense ,,medical ,,adviser ,,in ,,plain ,,english3 ,,or1 ,,medicine ,,simplified4 ,,by ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,m4,d4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,staff ,,of ,,consulting ,,physicians ,,and ,,surgeons ,,at ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute1 ,,and ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,,fifty-,,fourth ,,edition4 ,,one ,,million1 ,,six ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand4 ,carefully ,revised by the ,author1 assisted by his full ,staff of ,associate ,specialists in ,medicine and ,surgery1 the ,faculty of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahie1 by the ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,in the office of the ,librarian of ,congress1 at ,washington1 ,d4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,my ,,patients1 ,,who ,,have ,,solicited ,,my ,,professional ,,services1 ,,from ,,their ,,homes ,,in ,,every ,,state1 ,,city1 ,,town1 ,,and ,,almost ,,every ,,hamlet1 ,,within ,,the ,,american ,,union2 ,,also ,,to ,,those ,,dwelling ,,in ,,europe1 ,,mexico1 ,,south ,,america1 ,,the ,,east ,,and ,,west ,,indies1 ,,and ,,other ,,foreign ,,lands1 ,i ,,respectfully ,,dedicate ,,this ,,work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,present ,,edition ,,preface,,to,,the,,first,,edition ,,introductory ,,words ,,part ,i ,,chapter ,i4 ,,biology ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,bones4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,muscles4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,digestive ,,organs4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,absorption4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,physical ,,and ,,vital ,,properties ,,of ,,the ,,blood4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,circulatory ,,organs4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,organs ,,of ,,respiration4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,skin4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,secretion4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,excretion4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,nervous ,,system4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,special ,,senses4 ,,sight4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,cerebral ,,physiology4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,human ,,temperaments4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,marriage4 ,,love4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,reproduction4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,hygiene4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,hygiene ,,defined4--,,pure ,,air4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,food4 ,,beverages4 ,,alcoholic ,,liquors4 ,,clothing4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,physical ,,exercise4 ,,mental ,,culture4 ,,sleep4 ,,cleanliness4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,hygiene ,,of ,,the ,,reproductive ,,organs4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,practical ,,summary ,,of ,,hygiene4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,rational ,,medicine4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,the ,,progress ,,of ,,medicine4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,remedies ,,for ,,disease4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,baths ,,and ,,motion ,,as ,,remedial ,,agents4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,hygienic ,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,sick4 ,,part ,,iv4 ,,diseases ,,and ,,their ,,remedial ,,treatment4 ,,index ,,footnotes 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,present ,,edition ,the popular favor with which former editions of this work have been received has required the production of such a vast number of copies1 that the original electrotype plates from which it has heretofore been printed1 have been completely worn out4 ,the book has been re-produced in ,london1 ,england1 where six editions have already been necessary to supply the demand for it4 ,in order to continue its publication to meet the demand which is still active in this country1 it has been necessary1 inasmuch as the original electrotype plates have become worn and useless1 to re-set the work throughout4 ,this has afforded the ,author an opportunity to carefully revise the book and re-write many portions1 that it may embody the latest discoveries and improvements in medicine and surgery4 ,in performing this labor he has been greatly assisted by contributions and valuable aid kindly supplied by his staff of associate specialists in medicine and surgery who constitute the ,faculty of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,that part of the book treating of ,diseases and ,their ,remedies will be found to be thoroughly reliable2 the prescriptions recommended therein having all received the sanction and endorsement of medical gentlemen of rare professional attainments and mature experience4 ,,the ,,author4 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,january1 #ahie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,first ,,edition4 ,every family needs a ,,common ,,sense ,,medical ,,adviser4 ,the frequent inquiries from his numerous patients throughout the land1 suggested to the ,author the importance and popular demand for a reliable work of this kind4 ,consequently1 he has been induced to prepare and publish an extensive dissertation on ,physiology1 ,hygiene1 ,temperaments1 ,diseases and ,domestic ,remedies4 ,it is for the interest and welfare of every person1 not only to understand the means for the preservation of health1 but also to know what remedies should be employed for the alleviation of the common ailments of life4 ,the frequency of accidents of all kinds1 injuries sustained by machinery1 contusions1 drowning1 poisoning1 fainting1 etc41 and also of sudden attacks of painful diseases1 such as headache1 affections of the heart and nerves1 inflammation of the eye1 ear and other organs1 renders it necessary that non-professionals should possess sufficient knowledge to enable them to employ the proper means for speedy relief4 ,to impart this important information is the aim of the author4 ,moreover1 this volume treats of ,human ,temperaments1 not only of their influence upon mental characteristics and bodily susceptibilities1 but also of their vital and non-vital combinations1 which transmit to the offspring either health1 hardihood1 and longevity1 or feebleness1 disease1 and death4 ,it clearly points out those temperaments which are compatible with each other and harmoniously blend1 and also those which1 when united in marriage1 result in barrenness1 or produce in the offspring imbecility1 deformity1 and idiocy4 ,these matters are freely discussed from original investigations and clinical observations1 thus rendering the work a true and scientific guide to marriage4 ,while instruction is imparted for the care of the body1 those diseases 7alas how prevalent67 are investigated which are sure to follow as a consequence of certain abuses1 usually committed through ignorance4 ,that these ills do exist is evident from the fact that the ,author is consulted by multitudes of unfortunate young men and women1 who are desirous of procuring relief from the weaknesses and derangements incurred by having unwittingly violated physiological laws4 ,although some of these subjects may seem out of place in a work designed for every member of the family1 yet they are presented in a style which cannot offend the most fastidious1 and with a studied avoidance of all language that can possibly displease the chaste1 or disturb the delicate susceptibilities of persons of either sex4 ,this book should not be excluded from the young1 for it is eminently adapted to their wants1 and imparts information without which millions will suffer untold misery4 ,it is a false modesty which debars the youth of our land from obtaining such information4 ,as its title indicates1 the ,author aims to make this book a useful and practical ,medical ,adviser4 ,he proposes to express himself in plain and simple language1 and1 so far as possible1 to avoid the employment of technical words1 so that all his readers may readily comprehend the work1 and profit by its perusal4 ,written as it is amid the many cares attendant upon a practice embracing the treatment of thousands of cases annually1 and therefore containing the fruits of a rich and varied experience1 some excuse exists for any literary imperfections which the critical reader may observe4 ,,the ,,author4 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,july1 #ahge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introductory ,,words4 ,health and disease are physical conditions upon which pleasure and pain1 success and failure1 depend4 ,every individual gain increases public gain4 ,upon the health of its people is based the prosperity of a nation2 by it every value is increased1 every joy enhanced4 ,life is incomplete without the enjoyment of healthy organs and faculties1 for these give rise to the delightful sensations of existence4 ,health is essential to the accomplishment of every purpose2 while sickness thwarts the best intentions and loftiest aims4 ,we are continually deciding upon those conditions which are either the source of joy and happiness or which occasion pain and disease4 ,prudence requires that we should meet the foes and obviate the dangers which threaten us1 by turning all our philosophy1 science1 and art1 into practical common sense4 ,the profession of medicine is no sinecure2 its labors are constant1 its toils unremitting1 its cares unceasing4 ,the physician is expected to meet the grim monster1 break the jaws of death1 and pluck the spoil out of his teeth4 ,his ear is ever attentive to entreaty1 and within his faithful breast are concealed the disclosures of the suffering4 ,success may elate him1 as conquest flushes the victor4 ,honors are lavished upon the brave soldiers who1 in the struggle with the foe1 have covered themselves with glory1 and returned victorious from the field of battle2 but how much more brilliant is the achievement of those who overwhelm disease1 that common enemy of mankind1 whose victims are numbered by millions6 ,is it meritorious in the physician to modestly veil his discoveries1 regardless of their importance8 ,if he have light1 why hide it from the world8 ,truth should be made as universal and health-giving as sunlight4 ,we say1 give light to all who are in darkness1 and a remedy to the afflicted everywhere4 ,we1 as a people1 are becoming idle1 living in luxury and ease1 and in the gratification of artificial wants4 ,some indulge in the use of food rendered unwholesome by bad cookery1 and think more of gratifying a morbid appetite than of supplying the body with proper nourishment4 ,others devote unnecessary attention to the display of dress and a genteel figure1 yielding themselves completely to the sway of fashion4 ,such intemperance in diet and dress manifests itself in the general appearance of the unfortunate transgressor1 and exposes his folly to the world1 with little less precision than certain vices signify their presence by a tobacco-tainted breath1 beer-bloated body1 rum-emblazoned nose1 and kindred manifestations4 ,they coddle themselves instead of practicing self-denial1 and appear to think that the chief end of life is gratification1 rather than useful endeavor4 ,i purpose to express myself candidly and earnestly on all topics relating to health1 and appeal to the common sense of the reader for justification4 ,although it is my aim to simplify the work1 and render it a practical common-sense guide to the farmer1 mechanic1 mariner1 and day-laborer1 yet ,i trust that it may not prove less acceptable to the scholar1 in its discussion of the problems of ,life4 ,not only does the method adopted in this volume of treating of the ,functions of the ,brain and ,nervous ,system present many new suggestions1 in its application to hygiene1 the management of disease1 generation and the development and improvement of man1 but the conclusions correspond with the results of the latest investigations of the world's most distinguished savants4 ,my object is to inculcate the facts of science rather than the theories of philosophy4 ,unto us are committed important health trusts1 which we hold1 not merely in our own behalf1 but for the benefit of others4 ,if we discharge the obligations of our trusteeship1 we shall enjoy present strength1 usefulness1 and length of days2 but if we fail in their performance1 then inefficiency1 incapacity1 and sickness1 will follow1 the sequel of which is pain and death4 ,let us1 then1 prove worthy of this generous commission1 that we may enjoy the sweetest of all pleasures1 the delicious fruitage of honest toil and faithful obedience4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,part ,i4 ,,physiology4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,biology4 ,in this chapter we propose to consider ,life in its primitive manifestations4 ,biology is the science of living bodies1 or the science of life4 ,every organ of a living body has a function to perform1 and ,physiology treats of these functions4 ,function means the peculiar action of some particular organ or part4 ,there can be no vital action without change1 and no change without organs4 ,every living thing has a structure1 and ,anatomy treats of the structures of organized bodies4 ,several chapters of this work are devoted to ,physiological ,anatomy1 which treats of the human organism and its functions4 ,the beginning of life is called generation2 its perpetuation1 reproduction4 ,by the former function1 individual life is insured2 by the latter1 it is maintained4 ,since nutrition sustains life1 it has been pertinently termed perpetual reproduction4 ,,latent ,,life is contained in a small globule1 a mere atom of matter1 in the sperm-cell4 ,this element is something which1 under certain conditions1 develops into a living organism4 ,the entire realm of nature teems with these interesting phenomena1 thus manifesting that admirable adjustment of internal to external relations1 which claims our profound attention4 ,we are simply humble scholars1 waiting on the threshold of nature's glorious sanctuary1 to receive the interpretation of her divine mysteries4 ,some have conjectured that chemical and physical forces account for all the phenomena of life1 and that organization is not the result of vital forces4 ,physical science cannot inform us what the beginning was1 or how vitality is the result of chemical forces2 nor can it tell us what transmutations will occur at the end of organized existence4 ,this mysterious life-principle eludes the grasp of the profoundest scientists1 and its presence in the world will ever continue to be an astonishing and indubitable testimony of ,divine ,power4 ,the physical act of generation is accomplished by the union of two cells2 and as this conjugation is known to be so generally indispensable to the organization of life1 we may fairly infer that it is a universal necessity4 ,investigations with the microscope have destroyed the hypothesis of spontaneous generation4 ,these show us that even the minutest living forms are derived from a parent organization4 ,,generation4 ,so long as the vital principle remains in the sperm-cell1 it lies dormant4 ,that part of the cell which contains this principle is called the spermatozon1 which consists of a flattened body1 having a long appendage tapering to the finest point4 ,if it be remembered that a line is the one-twelfth part of an inch in length1 some idea may be formed of the extreme minuteness of the body of a human spermatozon1 when we state that it is from #a_/hjj to #a_/fjj part of a line1 and the filiform tail #a_/ej of a line1 in length4 ,this life-atom1 which can be discerned only with a powerful magnifying glass1 is perfectly transparent1 and moves about by executing a vibratile motion with its long appendage4 ,within this speck of matter are hidden the multifarious forces which1 under certain favorable conditions1 result in organization4 ,magnify this infinitesimal atom a thousand times1 and no congeries of formative powers is perceived wherewith to work out the wonders of its existence4 ,yet it contains the principle1 which is the contribution on the part of the male toward the generation of a new being4 ,the ovum or germ-cell1 is the special contribution on the part of the female for the production of another being4 ,the human ovum1 though larger than the spermatozon1 is also extremely small1 measuring not more than from #a_/bj to #a_/aj of a line1 or from #a_/bdj to #a_/abj of an inch1 in diameter4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,a4 ,human ,spermatozon magnified about #c1hjj diameters4 ,b4 ,vertical and lateral views of spermatozoa of man4 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f4 ,development of spermatozoa within the vesicles of evolution4 ,g4 ,cell of the sponge resembling a spermatozon4 ,h4 ,vesicles of evolution from the seminal fluid of the dog in the parent cell ,i4 ,single vesicles of different sizes4 ,j4 ,human spermatozon forming in its cell4 ,k4 ,rupture of the cell and escape of the spermatozon4 ,the sperm and the germ-cells contain the primary elements of all organic structures1 and both possess the special qualities and conditions by which they may evolve organic beings4 ,every cell is composed of minute grains1 within which vital action takes place4 ,the interior of a cell consists of growing matter2 the exterior1 of matter which has assumed its form and is less active4 ,when the vital principle is communicated to it1 the cell undergoes a rapid transformation4 ,while this alteration takes place within the cell1 deteriorating changes occur in the cell-wall4 ,although vital operations build up these structures1 yet the animal and nervous functions are continually disintegrating1 or wasting1 them4 ,throughout the animal kingdom1 germ-cells present the same external aspect when carefully examined with the microscope4 ,no difference can be observed between the cells of the flowers of the oak and those of the apple1 but the cells of the one always produce oak trees1 while those of the other always produce apple trees4 ,the same is true of the germs of animals1 there being not the slightest apparent difference4 ,we are unable to perceive how one cell should give origin to a dog1 while another exactly like it becomes a man4 ,for aught we know1 the ultimate atoms of these cells are identical in physical character2 at least we have no means of detecting any difference4 ,,species4 ,the term species is generally used merely as a convenient name to designate certain assemblages of individuals having various striking points of resemblance4 ,scientific writers1 as a rule1 no longer hold that what are usually called species are constantly unvarying and unchangeable quantities4 ,recent researches point to the conclusion that all species vary more or less1 and1 in some instances1 that the variation is so great that the limits of general specific distinctness are sometimes exceeded4 ,our space will not permit us to do more than merely indicate the two great fundamental ideas upon which the leading theories of the time respecting the origin of species are based4 ,these are usually termed the doctrine of ,special ,creation and the doctrine of ,evolution4 ,according to the doctrine of ,special ,creation1 it is thought that species are practically immutable productions1 each species having a specific centre where it was originally created1 and from which it spread over a certain area until its further progress was obstructed by unfavorable conditions4 ,the advocates of the doctrine of ,evolution hold1 on the contrary1 that species are not permanent and immutable1 but that they are subject to modification1 and that the existing forms of life are descendants by true generation of pre-existing forms4#a ,most naturalists are now inclined to admit the general truth of the theory of evolution1 but they differ widely respecting the mode in which it occurred4 ,,the ,,process ,,of ,,generation4 ,the vital principle1 represented in the sperm-cell by a spermatozon1 must be imparted to a germ-cell in order to effect impregnation4 ,after touching each other1 separate them immediately1 and observe the result4 ,if1 with the aid of a powerful lens1 we directly examine the spermatozon1 it will be perceived that1 for a short time1 it preserves its dimensions and retains all its material aspects4 ,but it does not long withstand the siege of decay1 and1 having fulfilled its destiny1 loses its organic characteristics1 and begins to shrink4 ,if we examine the fertilized germ1 we discover unusual activity1 the result of impregnation4 ,organic processes succeed one another with wonderful regularity1 as if wrought out by inexplicable intelligence4 ,here begin the functions which constitute human physiology4 ,generation requires that a spermatozon be brought into actual contact with a germ that fecundation may follow4 ,if a spermatic cell1 or spermatozon1 together with several unimpregnated ova1 no matter how near to one another1 if not actually touching1 be placed on the concave surface of a watch-crystal1 and covered with another crystal1 keeping them warm1 and even though the vapor of the ova envelops it1 no impregnation will occur4 ,place the spermatozon in contact with an ovum1 and impregnation is instantly and perfectly accomplished4 ,should this vitalizing power be termed nerve-force1 electricity1 heat1 or motion8 ,it is known that these forces may be metamorphosed2 for instance1 nervous force may be converted into electricity1 electricity into heat1 and heat into motion1 thus illustrating their affiliation and capability of transformation4 ,but nothing is explained respecting the real nature of the vital principle1 if we assert its identity with any of these forces2 for who can reveal the true nature of any of these1 or even of matter8 ,,alternate ,,generation4 ,in several insect families1 the species is not wholly represented in the adult individuals of both sexes1 or in their development1 but1 to complete this series1 supplementary individuals1 as it were1 of one or of several preceding generations1 are required4 ,the son may not resemble the father1 but the grandfather1 and in some instances1 the likeness re-appears only in latter generations4 ,agassiz states3 ,alternate generation was first observed among the ,salpae4 ,these are marine mollusks1 without shells1 belonging to the family ,tunicata4 ,they are distinguished by the curious peculiarity of being united together in considerable numbers so as to form long chains1 which float in the sea1 the mouth7m7 however being free in each4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,fig4 #b4 ,the individuals thus joined in floating colonies produce eggs2 but in each animal there is generally but one egg formed1 which is developed in the body of the parent1 and from which is hatched a little mollusk4 ,fig4 #c1 which remains solitary1 and differs in many respects from the parent4 ,this little animal1 on the other hand1 does not produce eggs1 but propagates1 by a kind of budding1 which gives rise to chains already seen in the body of their parent7a71 and these again bring forth solitary individuals1 etc4 ,it therefore follows that generation in some animals require8 two different bodies with intermediate ones1 by means of which and their different modes of reproduction1 a return to the original stock is effected4 ,,universality ,,of ,,animalcular ,,life4--,living organisms are universally diffused over every part of the globe4 ,the gentle zephyr wafts from flower to flower invisible1 fructifying atoms1 which quicken beauty and fragrance1 giving the promise of a golden fruitage1 to gladden and nourish a dependent world4 ,nature's own sweet cunning invests all living things constraining into her service chemical affinities1 arranging the elements and disposing them for her own benefit1 in such numberless ways that we involuntarily exclaim1 ,the course of ,nature is the art of ,god4 ,the microscope reveals the fact that matter measuring only #a_/abjjjj of an inch diameter may be endowed with vitality1 and that countless numbers of animalcules often inhabit a single drop of stagnant water4 ,these monads do not vary in form1 whether in motion or at rest4 ,the life of one1 even1 is an inexplicable mystery to the philosopher4 ,ehrenberg writes3 ,not only in the polar regions is there an uninterrupted development of active microscopic life1 where larger animals cannot exist1 but we find that those minute beings collected in the ,antarctic expedition of ,captain ,james ,ross exhibit a remarkable abundance of unknown1 and often most beautiful forms4 ,even the interior of animal bodies is inhabited by animalcules4 ,they have been found in the blood of the frog and the salmon1 and in the optic fluid of fishes4 ,organic beings are found in the interior of the earth1 into which the industry of the miner has made extensive excavations1 sunk deep shafts1 and thus revealed their forms2 likewise1 the smallest fossil organisms form subterranean strata many fathoms deep4 ,not only do lakes and inland seas abound with life1 but also1 from unknown depths1 in volcanic districts1 arise thermal springs which contain living insects4 ,were we endowed with a microscopic eye1 we might see myriads of ethereal voyagers wafted by on every breeze1 as we now behold drifting clouds of aqueous vapor4 ,while the continents of earth furnishes evidences of the universality of organic beings1 recent observations prove that animal life predominates amid the eternal night of the depths of the liquid ocean4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,life4 ,the ancients1 rude in many of their ideas1 referred the origin of life to divine determination4 ,the thought was crudely expressed1 but well represented1 in the following verse3 ,then ,god smites his hands together1 ,and strikes out a soul as a spark1 ,into the organized glory of things4 ,from the deeps of the dark4 ,according to a ,greek myth1 ,prometheus formed a human image from the dust of the ground1 and then1 by fire stolen from heaven1 animated it with a living soul4 ,spontaneous generation once held its sway1 and now the idea of natural evolution is popular4 ,some believe that the inpenetrable mystery of life is evolved from the endowments of nature1 and build their imperfect theory on observations of her concrete forms and their manifestations1 to which all our investigations are restricted4 ,but every function indicates purpose1 every organism evinces intelligent design1 and all proclaim a ,divine ,power4 ,something cannot come out of nothing4 ,with reason and philosophy1 chance is an impossibility4 ,we1 therefore1 accept the display of wisdom in nature as indicative of the designs of ,god4 ,thus has ,he written ,his claims for our profoundest admiration and homage all over every object that ,he has made4 ,if you ask3 ,is there any advantage in considering the phenomena of nature as the result of ,,divine ,,volition8 we answer1 that this belief corresponds with the universally acknowledged ideas of accountability2 for1 with a wise1 and efficient ,cause1 we infer there is an intelligent creation1 and the desire to communicate1 guide and bless1 is responded to by man1 who loves1 obeys1 and enjoys4 ,nothing is gained by attributing to nature vicegerent forces4 ,is it not preferable to say that she responds to intelligent1 loving ,omnipotence8 ,our finiteness is illustrated by our initiation into organized being4 ,emerging from a rayless atom1 too diminutive for the sight1 we gradually develop and advance to the maturity of those conscious powers1 the exercise of which furnishes indubitable evidence of our immortality4 ,we are pervaded with invisible influences1 which1 like the needle of the compass trembling on its pivot1 point us to immortality as our ultimate goal1 where in the sunny clime of ,love1 even in a spiritual realm of joy and happiness1 we may eternally reign with ,him who is all in all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,bones4 ,all living bodies are made up of tissues4 ,there is no part1 no organ1 however soft and yielding1 or hard and resisting1 which has not this peculiarity of structure4 ,the bones of animals1 as well as their flesh and fat1 are composed of tissues1 and all alike made up of cells4 ,when viewed under a microscope1 each cell is seen to consist of three distinct parts1 a nucleolus1 or dark spot1 in the center of the cell1 around which lies a mass of granules1 called the nucleus2 and this1 in turn1 is surrounded with a delicate1 transparent membrane1 termed the envelope4 ,each of the granules composing the nucleus assimilates nourishment1 thereby growing into an independent cell1 which possesses a triple organization similar to that of its parent1 and in like manner reproduces other cells4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,nucleated cell4 ,from ,goeber4 #a4 ,periphery of the cell1 or cell-wall4 #b4 ,nucleus4 #c4 ,nucleolus in the center4 ,a variety of tissues enters into the composition of an animal structure1 yet their differences are not always distinctly marked1 since the characteristics of some are not unlike those of others4 ,we shall notice1 however1 only the more important of the tissues4 ,the ,areolar1 or ,connective ,tissue1 is a complete network of delicate fibers1 spread over the body1 and serves to bind the various organs and parts together4 ,the fibrous and serous tissues are modifications of the areolar4 ,the ,nervous ,tissue is of two kinds3 ,the gray1 which is pulpy and granulated1 and the white fibrous tissue4 ,the ,adipose ,tissue is an extremely thin membrane1 composed of closed cells which contain fat4 ,it is found principally just beneath the skin1 giving it a smooth1 plump appearance4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,arrangement of fibers in the ,areolar ,tissue4 ,magnified #ace diameters4 ,the ,cartilaginous ,tissue consists of nucleated cells1 and1 with the exception of bone1 is the hardest part of the animal frame4 ,the ,osseous ,tissue1 or bone1 is more compact and solid than the cartilaginous1 for it contains a greater quantity of lime4 ,the ,muscular ,tissue is composed of bundles of fibers1 which are enclosed in a cellular membrane4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,human ,adipose ,tissue4 ,various opinions have been entertained in regard to the formation1 or growth1 of bone4 ,some anatomists have supposed that all bone is formed in cartilage4 ,but this is not true1 for there is an intra-membranous1 as well as an intra-cartilaginous1 formation of bone1 as may be seen in the development of the cranial bones1 where the gradual calcification takes place upon the inner layers of the fibrous coverings4 ,intra-cartilaginous deposit is found in the vicinity of the blood-vessels1 within the cartilaginous canals2 also1 there are certain points first observed in the shafts of long bones1 called centers of ossification4 ,these points are no sooner formed than the cartilage corpuscles arrange themselves in concentric zones1 and1 lying in contact with one another1 become very compact4 ,as ossification proceeds1 the cup-shaped cavities are converted into closed interstices of bone1 with extremely thin lamell1 or layers4 ,these1 however1 soon increase in density1 and no blood-vessels can be observed within them4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,vertical section of cartilage near the surface of ossification4 #a4 ,ordinary appearance of the temporary cartilage4 #a'4 ,portion of the same more highly magnified4 #b4 ,the cells beginning to form into concentric zones4 #b'4 ,portion more magnified4 #c4 ,the ossification is extending in the inter-cellular spaces1 and the rows of cells are seen resting in the cavities so formed1 the nuclei being more separated than above4 #c'4 ,portion of the same more highly magnified4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,thigh-bone1 sawn open lengthwise4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,lower end of the thigh-bone sawn across1 showing its central cavity4 ,the bony plates form the boundaries of the ,haversian1 or nutritive canals of the bones4 ,in the second stage of ossification1 the cartilage corpuscles are converted into bone4 ,becoming flattened against the osseous lamell already formed1 they crowd upon one another so as to entirely obliterate the lines that distinguish them2 and1 simultaneously with these changes1 a calcareous deposit takes place upon their interior4 ,bones grow by additions to their ends and surfaces4 ,in the child1 their extremities are separated from the body of the bone by layer of cartilage1 and the cancellated1 or cellular structure1 which remains for a time in the interior1 represents the early condition of the ossifying substances4 ,the bones contain more earthy matter in their composition than any other part of the human body1 being firm1 hard1 and of a lime color4 ,they compose the skeleton or frame work1 and1 when united by natural ligaments1 form what is known as the natural skeleton2 when they are wired together1 they are called an artificial skeleton4 ,the number of bones in the human body is variously estimated2 for those regarded as single by some anatomists are considered by others to consist of several distinct pieces4 ,there are two hundred distinct bones in the human skeleton besides the teeth4 ,these may be divided into those of the ,head1 ,trunk1 ,upper ,extremities1 and ,lower ,extremities4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,the bones of the skull separated4 #a4 ,frontal1 only half is seen4 #b4 ,parietal4 #c4 ,occipital1 only half is seen4 #d4 ,temporal4 #e4 ,nasal4 #f4 ,malar4 #g4 ,superior maxillary 7upper jaw74 #h4 ,lachrymal4 #i4 ,inferior maxillary 7lower jaw74 ,between #d and #f a part of the sphenoid or wedge-shaped bone1 is seen4 ,another bone assisting to form the skull1 but not here seen1 is called the ethmoid 7sieve-like1 from being full of holes71 and is situated between the sockets of the eyes1 forming the roof of the nose4 ,,the ,,bones ,,of ,,the ,,head are classed as follows3 eight belonging to the ,cranium1 and fourteen to the ,face4 ,the bones of the ,cranium are the occipital1 two parietal1 two temporal1 frontal1 sphenoid1 and ethmoid4 ,those composing the face are1 the two nasal1 two superior maxillary1 two lachrymal1 two malar two palate1 two inferior turbinated1 vomer1 and inferior maxillary4 ,the cranial bones are composed of two dense plates1 between which there is1 in most places a cancellated or cellular tissue4 ,the external plate is fibrous1 the internal1 compact and vitreous4 ,the skull is nearly oval in form1 convex externally1 the bone being much thicker at the base than elsewhere1 and it is1 in every respect admirably adapted to resist any injury to which it may be exposed1 thus affording ample protection to the brain substance which it envelops4 ,the internal surface of the cranium presents eminences and depressions for lodging the convolutions of the brain1 and numerous furrows for the ramifications of the blood-vessels4 ,the bones of the cranium are united to one another by ragged edges called sutures1 which are quite distinct in the child but which in old age are nearly effaced4 ,some authorities suppose that by this arrangement the cranium is less liable to be fractured by blows2 others think that the sutures allow the growth of these bones1 which takes place by a gradual osseous enlargement at the margins4 ,the bones of the ,face are joined at the lower part and in front of the cranium1 and serve for the attachment of powerful muscles which assist in the process of mastication4 ,although the soft parts of the face cover the bony structure1 yet they do not conceal its principal features1 or materially change its proportions4 ,the form of the head and face presents some remarkable dissimilarities in different races4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 #a4 ,the first bone of the sternum 7breast-bone74 #b4 ,the second bone of the sternum4 #c4 ,the cartilage of the sternum4 #d4 ,the first dorsal vertebra 7a bone of the spinal column74 #e4 ,the last dorsal vertebra4 #f4 ,the first rib4 #g4 ,its head4 #h4 ,its neck4 #i4 ,its tubercle4 #aj4 ,the seventh or last true rib4 #aa4 ,the cartilage of the third rib4 #ab4 ,the floating ribs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,a vertebra of the neck4 #a4 ,the body of the vertebra4 #b4 ,the spinal canal4 #d4 ,the spinous process cleft at its extremity4 #e4 ,the transverse process4 #g4 ,the interior articular process4 #h4 ,the superior articular process4 ,,the ,,trunk has fifty-four bones1 which are as follows3 ,the ,os ,hyoides1 the ,sternum1 twenty-four ,ribs1 twenty-four vertebr or bones of the ,spinal ,column1 the ,sacrum1 the ,coccyx1 and two ,ossa ,innominata4 ,the ,os ,hyoides1 situated at the base of the tongue1 is the most isolated bone of the skeleton1 and serves for the attachment of muscles4 ,the ,sternum1 or breast-bone1 in a child is composed of six pieces1 in the adult of three1 which in old age are consolidated into one bone4 ,the ,ribs are thin1 curved bones1 being convex externally4 ,there are twelve on each side1 and all are attached to the spinal column4 ,the seven upper ribs1 which are united in front of the sternum1 are termed true ribs2 the next three1 which are not attached to the sternum1 but to one another are called false ribs2 and the last two1 which are joined only to the vertebr1 are designated as floating ribs4 ,the first rib is the shortest1 and they increase in length as far as the eighth1 after which this order is reversed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 #a4 ,the cartilaginous substance which connects the bodies of the vertebr4 #b4 ,the body of the vertebra4 #c4 ,the spinous process4 #d1d4 ,the transverse processes4 #e1e4 ,the articular processes4 #f1f4 ,a portion of the bony bridge which assists in forming the spinal canal 7#g74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,backbone1 spinal column1 or vertebral column4 ,all animals possessing such a row of bones are called vertebrates4 ,above b are the cervical 7neck7 vertebr2 b to c1 dorsal 7back7 or chest vertebr2 c to d1 lumbar 7loins7 vertebr2 d to e1 sacrum2 e to f1 coccyx4 ,the ,spinal ,column or backbone1 when viewed from the front presents a perpendicular appearance1 but a side view shows four distinct curves4 ,the bones composing it are called vertebr4 ,the body part of a vertebra is light and spongy in texture1 having seven projections called processes1 four of which are the articular processes1 which furnish surfaces to join the different vertebr of the spinal column4 ,two are called transverse1 and the remaining one is termed the spinous4 ,the transverse and spinous processes serve for the attachment of the muscles belonging to the back4 ,all these processes are more compact than the body of the vertebra1 and1 when naturally connected1 are so arranged as to form a tube which contains the medulla spinalis1 or spinal cord4 ,between the vertebr is a highly-elastic1 cartilaginous and cushion-like substance1 which freely admits of motion1 and allows the spine to bend as occasion requires4 ,the natural curvatures of the spinal column diminish the shock produced by falling1 running or leaping1 which would otherwise be more directly transmitted to the brain4 ,the ribs at the sides1 the sternum in front1 and the twelve dorsal bones of the spinal column behind1 bound the thoracic cavity1 which contains the lungs1 heart1 and large blood-vessels4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,a representation of the pelvic bones4 e4 ,the lumbo-sacral joint4 #b4 ,the sacrum4 #c4 ,coccyx4 #a1a4 ,the innominata4 #d1d4 ,acetabula4 ,the ,pelvis is an open bony structure1 consisting of the ,os ,innominata1 one on either side1 and the ,sacrum and ,coccyx behind4 ,the ,sacrum1 during childhood1 consists of five bones1 which in later years unite to form one bone4 ,it is light and spongy in texture1 and the upper surface articulates with the lowest vertebra1 while it is united at its inferior margin to the coccyx4 ,the ,coccyx is the terminal bone of the spinal column4 ,in infancy it is cartilaginous and composed of several pieces1 but in the adult these unite and form one bone4 ,the ,innominata1 or nameless bones1 during youth1 consist of three separate pieces on each side2 but as age advances they coalesce and form one bone4 ,a deep socket1 called the acetabulum1 is found near their junction1 which serves for the reception of the head of the thigh-bone4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 #a4 ,portions of the backbone4 #b4 ,cranial bones4 #d4 ,breast-bone4 #e4 ,ribs4 #g4 ,collar-bone4 #h4 ,arm-bone 7humerus74 #i4 ,shoulder-joint4 #aj1 #aa4 ,bones of the fore-arm 7ulna and radius74 #ab4 ,elbow-joint4 #ac4 ,wrist-joint4 #ad4 ,bones of the hand4 #ae1 #af4 ,pelvic bones4 #ag4 ,hip-joint4 #ah4 ,femur4 #ai1 #bj4 ,bones of the knee-joint4 #ba1 #bb4 ,fibula and tibia4 #bc4 ,ankle bone4 #bd4 ,bones of the foot4 ,,the ,,bones ,,of ,,the ,,upper ,,extremities are sixty-four in number1 and are classified as follows3 ,the ,scapula1 ,clavicle1 ,humerus1 ,ulna1 ,radius1 ,carpus1 ,metacarpus1 and ,phalanges4 ,the ,scapula1 or shoulder-blade1 is an irregular1 thin1 triangular bone1 situated at the posterior part of the shoulder1 and attached to the upper and back part of the chest4 ,the ,clavicle1 or collar-bone1 is located at the upper part of the chest1 between the sternum and scapula1 and connects with both4 ,its form resembles that of the italic letter f1 and it prevents the arms from sliding forward4 ,the ,humerus1 the first bone of the arm1 is long1 cylindrical1 and situated between the scapula and fore-arm4 ,the ,ulna is nearly parallel with the radius1 and situated on the inner side of the fore-arm4 ,it is the longer and larger of the two bones1 and in its articulation with the humerus1 forms a perfect hinge-joint4 ,the ,radius1 so called from its resemblance to a spoke1 is on the outer side of the fore-arm1 and articulates with the bones of the wrist1 forming a joint4 ,the ulna and radius also articulate with each other at their extremities4 ,the ,carpus1 or wrist1 consists of eight bones1 arranged in two rows4 ,the ,metacarpus1 or palm of the hand1 is composed of five bones situated between the carpus and fingers4 ,the ,phalanges1 fourteen in number1 are the bones of the fingers and thumb1 the fingers each having three and the thumb two4 ,,the ,,bones ,,of ,,the ,,lower ,,extremities1 sixty in number1 are classed as follows3 ,the ,femur1 ,patella1 ,tibia1 ,fibula1 ,tarsus1 ,metatarsus1 and ,phalanges4 ,the ,femur1 or thigh-bone1 is the longest bone in the body4 ,it has a large round head1 which is received into the acetabulum1 thus affording a good illustration of a ball and socket joint4 ,the ,patella1 or knee-pan1 is the most complicated articulation of the body4 ,it is of a round form1 connects with the tibia by means of a strong ligament1 and serves to protect the front of the joint1 and to increase the leverage of the muscles attached to it1 by causing them to act at a greater angle4 ,the ,tibia1 or shin bone1 is enlarged at each extremity and articulates with the femur above and the astragalus1 the upper bone of the tarsus1 below4 ,the ,fibula1 the small bone of the leg1 is situated on the outer side of the tibia1 and is firmly bound to it at each extremity4 ,the ,tarsus1 or instep1 is composed of seven bones1 and corresponds to the carpus of the upper extremities4 ,the ,metatarsus1 the middle of the foot1 bears a dose resemblance to the metacarpus1 and consists of five bones situated between the tarsus and the phalanges4 ,the tarsal and the metatarsal bones are so united as to give an arched appearance to the foot1 thus imparting elasticity4 ,the ,phalanges1 the toes1 consist of fourteen bones1 arranged in a manner similar to that of the fingers4 ,we are not less interested in tracing the formation of bone through its several stages1 than in considering other parts of the human system4 ,the formation of the ,haversian canals for the passage of blood-vessels to nourish the bones1 the earlier construction of bony tissue by a metamorphosis of cartilaginous substance1 and also the commencement of ossification at distinct points1 called centers of ossification1 are all important subjects1 requiring the student's careful attention4 ,the bones are protected by an external membranous envelope1 which1 from its situation is called the periosteum4 ,the bones are divided into four classes1 long1 short1 flat and irregular1 being thus adapted to subserve a variety of purposes4 ,the ,long ,bones are found in the limbs1 where they act as levers to sustain the body and aid in locomotion4 ,eachlong bone is composed of a cylinder1 known as the shaft1 and two extremities4 ,the shaft is hollow1 its wails being thickest in ,,the middle and growing thinner toward the extremities4 ,the extremities are usually considerably enlarged1 for convenience of connection with other bones1 and to afford a broad surface for the attachment of muscles4 ,the clavical1 humerus1 radius1 ulna1 femur1 tibia1 fibula1 the bones of the metacarpus1 metatarsus and the phalanges1 are classed as long bones4 ,where the principal object to be attained is strength1 and the motion of the skeleton is limited1 the individual bones are short and compressed1 as the bones of the carpus and tarsus4 ,the structure of these bones is spongy1 except at the surface1 where there is a thin crust of compact matter4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,anatomy of a joint1 #a1 #a4 ,bones of a joint4 #b1 #b4 ,cartilage4 #c1 #c1 #c1 #c4 ,synovial membrane4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,anatomy of knee joint4 #a4 ,lower end of thigh-bone4 #c4 ,knee-pan4 #b1 #d ,ligaments of the knee-pan4 #e4 ,upper end of the tibia1 or shin-bone4 #f1 #ab4 ,cartilages4 ,when protection is required for the organs of the body1 or a broad flat surface for the attachment of the muscles1 the bones are expanded into plates1 as in the cranium and shoulder-blades4 ,the irregular or mixed bones are those which1 from their peculiar shape1 cannot be classed among any of the foregoing divisions4 ,their structure is similar to the others1 consisting of cancellar tissue1 surrounded by a crust of compact matter4 ,the vertebr1 sacrum1 coccyx1 temporal1 sphenoid1 ethmoid1 malar1 two maxillary1 palate1 inferior turbinated1 and hyoid are known as irregular bones4 ,the formation of the joints requires not only bones1 but also cartilages1 ligaments1 and the synovial membrane1 to complete the articulation4 ,cartilage is a smooth1 elastic substance1 softer than bone1 and invested with a thin membrane1 called perichondrium4 ,when cartilage is placed upon convex surfaces1 the reverse is true4 ,the ,ligaments are white1 inelastic1 tendinous substances1 softer than cartilage1 but harder than membrane4 ,their function is to bind together the bones4 ,the ,synovial ,membrane covers the cartilages1 and is then reflected upon the ligaments1 thus forming a thin1 closed sac1 called the synovial capsule4 ,all the synovial membranes secrete a lubricating fluid1 termed synovia1 which enables the surfaces of the bones and ligaments to move freely upon one another4 ,when this fluid is secreted in excessive quantities1 it produces a disease known as dropsy of the joints4 ,there are numerous smaller sacs besides the synovial1 called burs mucos1 which in structure are analogous to them1 and secrete a similar fluid4 ,some joints permit motion in every direction1 as the shoulders1 some in two directions only1 as the elbows1 while others do not admit of any movement4 ,the bones1 ligaments1 cartilages1 and synovial membrane1 are supplied with nerves1 arteries1 and veins4 ,when an animal is provided with an internal bony structure1 it indicates a high rank in the scale of organization4 ,an elaborate texture of bone is found in no class below the vertebrates4 ,even in the lower order of this sub-kingdom1 which is the highest of animals1 bone does not exist1 as is the case in some tribes of fishes1 such as sharks1 etc41 and in all classes below that of the cartilaginous fishes1 the inflexible substance which sustains the soft parts is either shell or some modification of bone1 and is usually found on the outside of the body4 ,true bone1 on the contrary1 is found in the interior1 and1 therefore1 in higher animals1 the skeleton is always internal1 while the soft parts are placed external to the bony frame4 ,while many animals of the lowest species1 being composed of soft gelatinous matter1 are buoyant in water1 the highest type of animals requires not only a bony skeleton1 but also a flexible1 muscular system1 for locomotion in the water or upon the land4 ,each species of the animal kingdom is thus organically adapted to its condition and sphere of life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,muscles4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,muscular fillers highly magnified4 ,the ,muscles are those organs of the body by which motion is produced1 and are commonly known as flesh4 ,a muscle is composed of fascieuli1 or bundles of fibers1 parallel to one another4 ,they are soft1 varying in size1 of a reddish color1 and inclosed in a cellular1 membranous sheath4 ,each fasciculus contains a number of small fibers1 which1 when subjected to a microscopic examination1 are found to consist of fibrillae1 or little fibers2 each of these fibrillae in turn being invested with a delicate sheath4 ,the fibers terminate in a glistening1 white tendon1 or hard cord1 which is attached to the bone4 ,so firmly are they united1 that the bone will break before the tendon can be released4 ,when the tendon is spread out1 so as to resemble a membrane1 it is called fascia4 ,being of various extent and thickness1 it is distributed over the body1 as a covering and protection for the more delicate parts1 and aids also in motion1 by firmly uniting the muscular fibers4 ,the spaces between the muscles are frequently filled with fat1 which gives roundness and beauty to the limbs4 ,the muscles are of various forms2 some are longitudinal1 each extremity terminating in a tendon1 which gives them a fusiform or spindle-shaped appearance2 others are either fan-shaped1 flat1 or cylindrical4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bj4 #a4 ,a spindle-shaped muscle1 with tendinous terminations4 #b4 ,fan-shaped muscle4 #c4 ,penniform muscle4 #d4 ,bipenniform muscle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,striped muscular fibre showing cleavage in opposite directions4 #a4 ,longitudinal cleavage4 #b4 ,transverse cleavage4 #c4 ,transverse section of disc4 #d4 ,disc nearly detached4 #e4 ,detached disc1 showing the sarcous elements4 #f4 ,fibrill4 #g1h4 ,separated fibrillae highly magnified4 ,every muscle has an origin and an insertion4 ,the term origin is applied to the more fixed or central attachment of a muscle1 and the term insertion to the movable point to which the force of the muscle is directed2 but the origin is not absolutely fixed1 except in a small number of muscles1 as those of the face1 which are attached at one extremity to the bone1 and at the other to the movable integument1 or skin4 ,in most instances1 the muscles may act from either extremity4 ,the muscles are divided into the ,voluntary1 or muscles of animal life1 and the ,involuntary1 or muscles of organic life4 ,there are1 however1 some muscles which cannot properly be classified with either1 termed ,intermediate4 ,the ,voluntary ,muscles are chiefly controlled by the will1 relaxing and contracting at its pleasure1 as in the motion of the eyes1 mouth1 and limbs4 ,the fibers are of a dark red color1 and possess great strength4 ,these fibers are parallel1 seldom interlacing1 but presenting a striped or striated appearance2 and a microscopic examination of them shows that even the most minute consist of parallel filaments marked by longitudinal and transverse striae1 or minute channels4 ,the fibers are nearly the same length as the muscles to which they belong4 ,each muscular fiber is capable of contraction2 it may act singly1 though usually it acts in unison with others4 ,by a close inspection1 it has been found that fibers may be drawn apart longitudinally1 in which case they are termed fibrillae1 or they may be separated transversely1 forming a series of discs4 ,the ,sarcolemma1 or investing sheath of the muscles1 appears to be formed even before there are any visible traces of the muscle itself4 ,it is a transparent and delicate membrane1 but very elastic4 ,the ,involuntary ,muscles are influenced by the sympathetic nervous system1 and their action pertains to the nutritive functions of the body4 ,they differ from the voluntary muscles in not being striated1 having no tendons1 and in the net-work arrangements of their fibers4 ,the ,intermediate ,muscles are composed of striated and unstriated fibers2 they are1 therefore1 both voluntary and involuntary in their functions4 ,the muscles employed in respiration are of this class1 for we can breathe rapidly or slowly1 and1 for a short time1 even suspend their action2 but soon1 however1 the organic muscles assert their instinctive control1 and respiration is resumed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,unstriated muscular fiber2 at b1 in its natural state2 at a1 showing the nuclei after the action of acetic acid4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,a view of the under side of the diaphragm4 ,,the ,,diaphragm1 or midriff1 is the muscular division between the thorax and the abdomen4 ,it has been compared to an inverted basin1 the concavity of which is directed toward the abdomen4 ,the muscles receive their nourishment from the numerous blood-vessels which penetrate their tissues4 ,the voluntary muscles are abundantly supplied with nerves1 while the involuntary are not so numerously furnished4 ,the color of the muscles is chiefly due to the blood which they contain4 ,they vary in size according to their respective functions4 ,for example1 the functions of the heart require large and powerful muscles1 and those of the eye1 small and delicate ones4 ,there are between four hundred and sixty and five hundred muscles in the human body4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,a representation of the superficial layer of muscles on the anterior portion of the body4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,a representation of the superficial layer of muscles on the posterior portion of the body4 ,very rarely is motion produced by the action of a single muscle1 but by the harmonious action of several4 ,there is infinite variety in the arrangement of the muscles1 each being adapted to its purpose1 in strength1 tenacity1 or elasticity4 ,while some involuntarily respond to the wants of organic life1 others obey1 with mechanical precision1 the edicts of the will4 ,the peculiar characteristic of the muscles is their contractility2 for example1 when the tip of the finger is placed in the ear1 an incessant vibration1 due to the contraction of the muscles of the ear1 can be heard4 ,when the muscles contract1 they become shorter2 but what is lost in length is gained in breadth and thickness1 so that their actual volume remains the same4 ,muscles alternately contract and relax1 and thus act upon the bones4 ,the economy of muscular power thus displayed is truly remarkable4 ,in easy and graceful walking1 the forward motion of the limbs is not altogether due to the exercise of muscular power1 but partly to the force of gravity1 and only a slight assistance of the muscles is required to elevate the leg sufficiently to allow it to oscillate4 ,motion is a characteristic of living bodies4 ,this is true1 not only in animals1 but also in plants4 ,the oyster1 although not possessing the power of locomotion1 opens and closes its shell at pleasure4 ,the coral insect appears at the door of its cell1 and retreats at will4 ,all the varied motions of animals are due to a peculiar property of the muscles1 termed contractility4 ,although plants are influenced by external agents1 as light1 heat1 electricity1 etc41 yet it is supposed that they may move in response to inward impulses4 ,the sensitive stamens of the barberry1 when touched at their base on the inner side1 resent the intrusion1 by making a sudden jerk forward4 ,venus's fly-trap1 a plant found in ,north ,carolina1 is remarkable for the sensitiveness of its leaves2 which close suddenly and capture insects which chance to alight upon them4 ,the muscles of the articulates are situated within the solid framework1 unlike the vertebrates1 whose muscles are external to the bony skeleton4 ,all animals have the power of motion1 from the lowest radiate to the highest vertebrate1 from the most repulsive polyp to that type of organized life made in the very image of ,god4 ,the muscles1 then1 subserve an endless variety of purposes4 ,by their aid the farmer employs his implements of husbandry1 the mechanic deftly wields his tools1 the artist plies his brush1 while the fervid orator gives utterance to thoughts glowing with heavenly emotions4 ,it is by their agency that the sublimest spiritual conceptions can be brought to the sphere of the senses1 and the noblest1 loftiest aims of to-day can be made glorious realizations of the future4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,digestive ,,organs4 ,digestion signifies the act of separating or distributing1 hence its application to the process by which food is made available for nutritive purposes4 ,the organs of digestion are the ,mouth1 ,teeth1 ,tongue1 ,salivary ,glands1 ,pharynx1 ,esophagus1 the ,stomach and the ,intestines1 with their glands1 the ,liver1 ,pancreas1 ,lacteals1 and the ,thoracic ,duct4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,a view of the lower jaw4 #a4 ,the body4 #b1 #b4 ,rami1 or branches4 #c1 #c4 ,processes of the lower jaw4 m4 ,molar teeth4 b4 ,bicuspids1 c4 ,cuspids4 i4 ,incisors4 ,the ,mouth is an irregular cavity1 situated between the upper and the lower jaw1 and contains the organs of mastication4 ,it is bounded by the lips in front1 by the cheeks at the sides1 by the roof of the mouth and teeth of the upper jaw above1 and behind and beneath by the teeth of the lower jaw1 soft parts1 and palate4 ,the soft palate is a sort of pendulum attached only at one of its extremities1 while the other involuntarily opens and closes the passage from the mouth to the pharynx4 ,the interior of the mouth1 as well as other portions of the alimentary canal1 is lined with a delicate tissue1 called mucous membrane4 ,the ,teeth are firmly inserted in the alveoli or sockets1 of the upper and the lower jaw4 ,the first set1 twenty in number1 are temporary1 and appear during infancy4 ,they are replaced by permanent teeth1 of which there are sixteen in each jaw2 four incisors1 or front teeth1 four cuspids1 or eye teeth1 four bicuspids1 or grinders1 and four molars1 or large grinders4 ,each tooth is divided into the crown1 body1 and root4 ,the crown is the grinding surface2 the body1 the part projecting from the jaw1 is the seat of sensation and nutrition2 the root is that portion of the tooth which is inserted in the alveolus4 ,the teeth are composed of dentine1 or ivory1 and enamel4 ,the ivory forms the greater portion of the body and root1 while the enamel covers the exposed surface4 ,the small white cords communicating with the teeth are the nerves4 ,the ,tongue is a flat oval organ1 the base of which is attached to the os hyoides1 while the apex1 the most sensitive part of the body1 is free4 ,its surface is covered with a membrane1 which1 at the sides and lower part1 is continuous with the lining of the mouth4 ,on the lower surface of the tongue1 this membrane is thin and smooth1 but on the upper side it is covered with numerous papillae1 which1 in structure1 are similar to the sensitive papillae of the skin4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,the salivary glands4 ,the largest one1 near the ear1 is the parotid gland4 ,the next below it is the submaxillary gland4 ,the one under the tongue is the sublingual gland4 ,the ,salivary ,glands are six in number1 three on each side of the mouth4 ,their function is to secrete a fluid called saliva1 which aids in mastication4 ,the largest of these glands1 the ,parotid1 is situated in front and below the ear2 its structure1 like that of all the salivary glands1 is cellular4 ,the ,submaxillary gland is circular in form1 and situated midway between the angle of the lower jaw and the middle of the chin4 ,the ,sublingual is a long flattened gland1 and1 as its name indicates1 is located below the tongue1 which when elevated1 discloses the saliva issuing from its porous openings4 ,the ,pharynx is nearly four inches in length1 formed of muscular and membranous cells1 and situated between the base of the cranium and the esophagus1 in front of the spinal column4 ,it is narrow at the upper part1 distended in the middle1 contracting again at its junction with the esophagus4 ,the pharynx communicates with the nose1 mouth1 larynx1 and esophagus4 ,the ,esophagus1 a cylindrical organ1 is a continuation of the pharynx1 and extends through the diaphragm to the stomach4 ,it has three coats3 first1 the muscular1 consisting of an exterior layer of fibers running longitudinally1 and an interior layer of transverse fibers2 second1 the cellular1 which is interposed between the muscular and the mucous coat2 third1 the mucous membrane1 or internal coat1 which is continuous with the mucous lining of the pharynx4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,a representation of the interior of the stomach4 #a4 ,the esophagus4 #b4 ,cardiac orifice opening into the stomach4 #f4 ,the middle or muscular coat4 #g4 ,the interior or mucous coat4 #aj4 ,the beginning of the duodenum4 #aa4 ,the pyloric orifice4 ,the ,stomach is a musculo-membranous1 conoidal sac1 communicating with the esophagus by means of the cardiac orifice 7see ,fig4 #bh74 ,it is situated obliquely with reference to the body1 its base lying at the left side1 while the apex is directed toward the right side4 ,the stomach is between the liver and spleen1 subjacent to the diaphragm1 and communicates with the intestinal canal by the pyloric orifice4 ,it has three coats4 ,the peritoneal1 or external coat is composed of compact1 cellular tissue1 woven into a thin1 serous membrane1 and assists in keeping the stomach in place4 ,the middle coat is formed of three layers of muscular fibers3 in the first1 the fibres run longitudinally2 in the second1 in a circular direction2 and in the third1 they are placed obliquely to the others4 ,the interior1 or mucous coat1 lines this organ4 ,the stomach has a soft1 spongy appearance1 and1 when not distended1 lies in folds4 ,during life1 it is ordinarily of a pinkish color4 ,it is provided with numerous small glands1 which secrete the gastric fluid necessary for the digestion of food4 ,the lining membrane1 when divested of mucus1 has a wrinkled appearance4 ,the arteries1 veins1 and lymphatics1 of the stomach are numerous4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,small and large intestines4 #a1 #a1 #b1 #b4 ,small intestine4 #c4 ,its termination in the large intestine4 #d4 ,appendix vermiformis4 #e4 ,caecum4 #f4 ,ascending colon4 #g4 ,transverse colon4 #h4 ,descending colon4 #i4 ,sigmoid flexure of colon4 #aj4 ,rectum4 ,the ,intestines are those convoluted portions of the alimentary canal into which the food is received after being partially digested1 and in which the separation and absorption of the nutritive materials and the removal of the residue take place4 ,the coats of the intestines are analogous to those of the stomach1 and are1 in fact1 only extensions of them4 ,for convenience of description1 the intestines may be divided into the small and the large4 ,the small intestine is from twenty to twenty-five feet in length1 and consists of the ,duodenum1 ,jejunum1 and ,ileum4 ,the ,duodenum1 so called because its length is equal to the breadth of twelve fingers1 is the first division of the small intestine4 ,if the mucous membrane of the duodenum be examined1 it will be found thrown into numerous folds1 which are called valvul conniventes1 the chief function of which appears to be to retard the course of the alimentary matter1 and afford a larger surface for the accommodation of the absorbent vessels4 ,numerous villi1 minute thread-like projections1 will be found scattered over the surface of these folds1 set side by side1 like the pile of velvet4 ,each villus contains a net-work of blood-vessels1 and a lacteal tube1 into which the ducts from the liver and pancreas open1 and pour their secretions to assist in the conversion of the chyme into chyle4 ,the ,jejunum1 so named because it is usually found empty after death1 is a continuation of the duodenum1 and is that portion of the alimentary canal in which the absorption of nutritive matter is chiefly effected4 ,the ,ileum1 which signifies something rolled up1 is the longest division of the small intestine4 ,although somewhat thinner in texture than the jejunum1 yet the difference is scarcely perceptible4 ,the large intestine is about five feet in length1 and is divided into the ,caecum1 ,colon1 and ,rectum4 ,the ,caecum is about three inches in length4 ,between the large and the small intestine is a valve1 which prevents the return of excrementitious matter that has passed into the large intestine4 ,there is attached to the ccum an appendage about the size of a goose-quill1 and three inches in length1 termed the appendix vermiformis4 ,the ,colon is that part of the large intestine which extends from the ccum to the rectum1 and which is divided into three parts1 distinguished as the ascending1 the transverse1 and the descending4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,villi of the small intestine greatly magnified4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,a section of the ,ileum1 turned inside out1 so as to show the appearance and arrangement of the villi on an extended surface4 ,the ,rectum is the terminus of the large intestine4 ,the intestines are abundantly supplied with blood-vessels4 ,the arteries of the small intestine are from fifteen to twenty in number4 ,the large intestine is furnished with three arteries1 called the colic arteries4 ,the ileo-colic artery sends branches to the lower part of the ileum1 the head of the colon1 and the appendix vermiformis4 ,the right colic artery forms arches1 from which branches are distributed to the ascending colon4 ,the colica media separates into two branches1 one of which is sent to the right portion of the transverse colon1 the other to the left4 ,in its course1 the superior hemorrhoidal artery divides into two branches1 which enter the intestine from behind1 and embrace it on all sides1 almost to the anus4 ,the ,thoracic ,duct is the principal trunk of the absorbent system1 and the canal through which much of the chyle and lymph is conveyed to the blood4 ,it begins by a convergence and union of the lymphatics on the lumbar vertebr1 in front of the spinal column1 then passes upward through the diaphragm to the lower part of the neck1 thence curves forward and downward1 opening into the subclavian vein near its junction with the left jugular vein1 which leads to the heart4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cb4 c1 c4 ,right and left subclavian veins4 b4 ,inferior vena cava4 a4 ,intestines4 d4 ,entrance of the thoracic duct into the left subclavian vein4 #d4 ,mesenteric glands1 through which the lacteals pass to the thoracic duct4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,the inferior surface of the liver4 #a4 ,right lobe4 #b4 ,left lobe4 #c4 ,gall-bladder4 ,the ,liver1 which is the largest gland in the body1 weighs about four pounds in the adult1 and is located chiefly on the right side1 immediately below the diaphragm4 ,it is a single organ1 of a dark red color1 its upper surface being convex1 while the lower is concave4 ,it has two large lobes1 the right being nearly four times as large as the left4 ,the liver has two coats1 the serous1 which is a complete investment1 with the exception of the diaphragmatic border1 and the depression for the gall-bladder1 and which helps to suspend and retain the organ in position2 and the fibrous1 which is the inner coat of the liver1 and forms sheaths for the blood-vessels and excretory ducts4 ,the liver is abundantly supplied with arteries1 veins1 nerves1 and lymphatics4 ,unlike the other glands of the human body1 it receives two kinds of blood2 the arterial for its nourishment1 and the venous1 from which it secretes the bile4 ,in the lower surface of the liver is lodged the gall-bladder1 a membranous sac1 or reservoir1 for the bile4 ,this fluid is not absolutely necessary to the digestion of food1 since this process is effected by other secretions1 nor does bile exert any special action upon1 starchy or oleaginous substances1 when mixed with them at a temperature of #ajj ,f4 ,experiments also show that in some animals there is a constant flow of bile1 even when no food has been taken1 and there is consequently no digestion to be performed4 ,since the bile is formed from the venous blood1 and taken from the waste and disintegration of animal tissue1 it would appear that it is chiefly an excrementitious fluid4 ,it does not seem to have accomplished its function when discharged from the liver and poured into the intestine1 for there it undergoes various alterations previous to re-absorption1 produced by its contact with the intestinal juices4 ,thus the bile1 after being transformed in the intestines1 re-enters the blood under a new form1 and is carried to some other part of the system to perform its mission4 ,the ,spleen is oval1 smooth1 convex on its external1 and irregularly concave on its internal1 surface4 ,it is situated on the left side1 in contact with the diaphragm and stomach4 ,it is of a dark red color1 slightly tinged with blue at its edges4 ,some physiologists affirm that no organ receives a greater quantity of blood1 according to its size1 than the spleen4 ,the structure of the spleen and that of the mesenteric glands are similar1 although the former is provided with a scanty supply of lymphatic vessels1 and the chyle does not pass through it1 as through the mesenteric glands4 ,the ,pancreas lies behind the stomach1 and extends transversely across the spinal column to the right of the spleen4 ,it is of a pale1 pinkish color1 and its secretion is analogous to that of the salivary glands2 hence it has been called the ,abdominal ,salivary ,gland4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,digestive organs4 #c4 ,the tongue4 #g4 ,parotid gland4 #h4 ,sublingual gland4 #e4 ,esophagus4 #i4 ,stomach4 #aj4 ,liver4 #aa4 ,gall-bladder1 #ad4 ,pancreas4 #ac1 #ac4 ,the duodenum4 ,the small and large intestines are represented below the stomach4 ,digestion is effected in those cavities which we have described as parts of the alimentary canal4 ,the food is first received into the mouth1 where it is masticated by the teeth1 and1 after being mixed with mucus and saliva1 is reduced to a mere pulp2 it is then collected by the tongue1 which1 aided by the voluntary muscles of the throat1 carries the food backward into the pharynx1 and1 by the action of the involuntary muscles of the pharynx and esophagus1 is conveyed to the stomach4 ,here the food is subjected to a peculiar1 churning movement1 by the alternate relaxation and contraction of the fibers which compose the muscular wall of the stomach4 ,as soon as the food comes in contact with the stomach1 its pinkish color changes to a bright red2 and from the numerous tubes upon its inner surface is discharged a colorless fluid1 called the gastric juice1 which mingles with the food and dissolves it4 ,when the food is reduced to a liquid condition1 it accumulates in the pyloric portion of the stomach4 ,some distinguished physiologists believe that the food is kept in a gentle1 unceasing1 but peculiar motion1 called peristaltic1 since the stomach contracts in successive circles4 ,in the stomach the food is arranged in a methodical manner4 ,the undigested portion is detained in the upper1 or cardiac extremity1 near the entrance of the esophagus1 by contraction of the circular fibers of the muscular coat4 ,here it is gradually dissolved1 and then carried into the pyloric portion of the stomach4 ,from this1 then1 it appears1 that the dissolved and undissolved portions of food occupy different parts of the stomach4 ,after the food has been dissolved by the gastric fluid1 it is converted into a homogeneous1 semi-fluid mass1 called chyme4 ,this substance passes from the stomach through the pyloric orifice into the duodenum1 in which1 by mixing with the bile and pancreatic fluid1 its chemical properties are again modified1 and it is then termed chyle1 which has been found to be composed of three distinct parts1 a reddish-brown sediment at the bottom1 a whey-colored fluid in the middle1 and a creamy film at the top4 ,chyle is different from chyme in two respects3 ,first1 the alkali of the digestive fluids1 poured into the duodenum1 or upper part of the small intestine1 neutralizes the acid of the chyme2 secondly1 both the bile and the pancreatic fluid seem to exert an influence over the fatty substances contained in the chyme1 which assists the subdivision of these fats into minute particles4 ,while the chyle is propelled along the small intestine by the peristaltic action1 the matter which it contains in solution is absorbed in the usual manner into the vessels of the villi by the process called osmosis4 ,the fatty matters being subdivided into very minute particles1 but not dissolved1 and consequently incapable of being thus absorbed by osmosis1 pass bodily through the epithelial lining of the intestine into the commencement of the lacteal tubes in the villi4 ,the digested substances1 as they are thrust along the small intestines1 gradually lose their albuminoid1 fatty1 and soluble starchy and saccharine matters1 and pass through the ileo-caecal valve into the ccum and large intestine4 ,an acid reaction takes place here1 and they acquire the usual fcal smell and color1 which increases as they approach the rectum4 ,some physiologists have supposed that a second digestion takes place in the upper portion of the large intestine4 ,the lacteals1 filled with chyle1 pass into the mesenteric glands with which they freely unite1 and afterward enter the receptaculum chyli1 which is the commencement of the thoracic duct1 a tube of the size of a goose-quill1 which lies in front of the backbone4 ,the lymphatics1 the function of which is to secrete and elaborate lymph1 also terminate in the receptaculum chyli1 or receptacle for the chyle4 ,from this reservoir the chyle and lymph flow into the thoracic duct1 through which they are conveyed to the left subclavian vein1 there to be mingled with venous blood4 ,the blood1 chyle1 and lymph1 are then transmitted directly to the lungs4 ,the process of nutrition aids in the development and growth of the body2 hence it has been aptly designated a perpetual reproduction4 ,it is the process by which every part of the body assimilates portions of the blood distributed to it4 ,in return1 the tissues yield a portion of the material which was once a component part of their organization4 ,the body is constantly undergoing waste as well as repair4 ,one of the most interesting facts in regard to the process of nutrition in animals and plants is1 that all tissues originate in cells4 ,in the higher types of animals1 the blood is the source from which the cells derive their constituents4 ,although the alimentary canal is more or less complicated in different classes of animals1 yet there is no species1 however low in the scale of organization1 which does not possess it in some form4#b ,the little polyp has only one digestive cavity1 which is a pouch in the interior of the body4 ,in some animals circulation is not distinct from digestion1 in others respiration and digestion are performed by the same organs2 but as we rise in the scale of animal life1 digestion and circulation are accomplished in separate cavities1 and the functions of nutrition become more complex and distinct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,absorption4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,villi of the small intestine greatly magnified4 ,absorption is the vital function by which nutritive materials are selected and imbibed for the sustenance of the body4 ,absorption1 like all other functional processes1 employs agents to effect its purposes1 and the villi of the small intestine1 with their numberless projecting organs1 are specially employed to imbibe fluid substances2 this they do with a celerity commensurate to the importance and extent of their duties4 ,they are little vascular prominences of the mucous membrane1 arising from the interior surface of the small intestine4 ,each villus has two sets of vessels4 7#a47 ,the blood-vessels1 which1 by their frequent blending1 form a complete net-work beneath the external epithelium2 they unite at the base of the villus1 forming a minute vein1 which is one of the sources of the portal vein4 7#b47 ,in the center of the villus is another vessel1 with thinner and more transparent walls1 which is the commencement of a lacteal4 ,the ,lacteals originate in the walls of the alimentary canal1 are very numerous in the small intestine1 and1 passing between the laminae of the mesentery1 they terminate in the receptaculum chyli1 or reservoir for the chyle4 ,the mesentery consists of a double layer of cellular and adipose tissue4 ,it incloses the blood-vessels1 lacteals1 and nerves of the small intestine1 together with its accessory glands4 ,it is joined to the posterior abdominal wall by a narrow root2 anteriorly1 it is attached to the whole length of the small intestine4 ,the lacteals are known as the absorbents of the intestinal walls1 and after digestion is accomplished1 are found to contain a white1 milky fluid1 called chyle4 ,the chyle does not represent the entire product of digestion1 but only the fatty substances suspended in a serous fluid4 ,formerly1 it was supposed that the lacteals were the only agents employed in absorption1 but more recent investigations have shown that the blood-vessels participate equally in the process1 and are frequently the more active and important of the two4 ,experiments upon living animals have proved that absorption of poisonous substances occurs1 even when all communication by way of the lacteals and lymphatics is obstructed1 the passage by the blood-vessels alone remaining4 ,the absorbent power which the blood-vessels of the alimentary canal possess1 is not limited to alimentary substances1 but through them1 soluble matters of almost every description are received into the circulation4 ,the ,lymphatics are not less important organs in the process of absorption4 ,nearly every part of the body is permeated by a second series of capillaries1 closely interlaced with the blood-vessels1 collectively termed the ,lymphatic ,system4 ,their origin is not known1 but they appear to form a plexus in the tissues1 from which their converging trunks arise4 ,they are composed of minute tubes of delicate membrane1 and from their net-work arrangement they successively unite and finally terminate in two main trunks1 called the great lymphatic veins4 ,the lymphatics1 instead of commencing on the intestinal walls1 as do the lacteals1 are distributed through most of the vascular tissues as well as the skin4 ,the lymphatic circulation is not unlike that of the blood2 its circulatory apparatus is1 however1 more delicate1 and its functions are not so well understood4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,a general view of the ,lymphatic ,system4 ,the lymph which circulates through the lymphatic vessels is an alkaline fluid composed of a plasma and corpuscles4 ,it may be considered as blood deprived of its red corpuscles and1 diluted with water4 ,nothing very definite is known respecting the functions of this fluid4 ,a large proportion of its constituents is derived from the blood1 and the exact connection of these substances to nutrition is not properly understood4 ,some excrementitious matters are supposed to be taken from the tissues by the lymph and discharged into the blood1 to be ultimately removed from the system4 ,the lymph accordingly exerts an important function by removing a portion of the decayed tissues from the body4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cg4 #a4 ,a representation of a lymphatic vessel highly magnified4 #b4 ,lymphatic valves4 #c4 ,a lymphatic gland and its vessels4 ,in all animals which possess a lacteal system there is also a lymphatic system1 the one being the complement of the other4 ,the fact that lymph and chyle are both conveyed into the general current of circulation1 leads to the inference that the lymph1 as well as the chyle1 aids in the process of nutrition4 ,the body is continually undergoing change1 and vital action implies waste of tissues1 as well as their growth4 ,those organs which are the instruments of motion1 as the muscles1 cannot be employed without wear and waste of their component parts4 ,renovated tissues must replace those which are worn out1 and it is a part of the function of the absorbents to convey nutritive material into the general circulation4 ,researches in microscopical anatomy have shown that the skin contains multitudes of lymphatic vessels and that it is a powerful absorbent4 ,absorption is one of the earliest and most essential functions of animal and vegetables tissues4 ,the simpler plants consist of only a few cells1 all of which are employed in absorption2 but in the flowering plants this function is performed by the roots4 ,it is accomplished on the same general principles in animals1 yet it presents more modifications and a greater number of organs than in vegetables4 ,while animals receive their food into a sac1 or bag called the stomach1 and are provided with absorbent vessels such as nowhere exist in vegetables1 plants plunge their absorbent organs into the earth1 whence they derive nourishing substances4 ,in the lower order of animals1 as in sponges1 this function is performed by contiguous cells1 in a manner almost as elementary as in plants4 ,in none of the invertebrate animals is there any special absorbent system4 ,internal absorption is classified by some authors as follows3 interstitial1 recrementitial1 and excrementitial2 by others as accidental1 venous1 and cutaneous4 ,the general cutaneous and mucous surfaces exhale1 as well as absorb2 thus the skin1 by means of its sudoriferous glands1 exhales moisture1 and is at the same time as before stated1 a powerful absorbent4 ,the mucous surface of the lungs is continually throwing off carbonic acid and absorbing oxygen2 and through their surface poisons are sometimes taken into the blood4 ,the continual wear and waste to which living tissues are subject1 makes necessary the provision of such a system of vessels for conveying away the worn-out materials and supplying the body with new4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,physical ,,and ,,vital ,,properties ,,of ,,the ,,blood4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,red corpuscles of human blood1 represented at a1 as they are seen when rather beyond the focus of the microscope2 and at b as they appear when1 within the focus4 ,magnified #djj diameters4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,development of human lymph and chyle-corpuscles into red corpuscles of blood4 ,a4 ,a lymph1 or white blood-corpuscle4 ,b4 ,the same in process of conversion into a red corpuscle4 ,c4 ,a lymph-corpuscle with the cell-wall raised up around it by the action of water4 ,d4 ,a lymph-corpuscle1 from which the granules have almost disappeared4 ,e4 ,a lymph-corpuscle1 acquiring color2 a single granule1 like a nucleus1 remains4 ,f4 ,a red corpuscle fully developed4 ,blood is the animal fluid by which the tissues of the body are nourished4 ,this pre-eminently vital fluid permeates every organ1 distributes nutritive material to every texture1 is essentially modified by respiration1 and1 finally1 is the source of every secretion and excretion4 ,blood has four constituents3 ,fibrin1 ,albumen1 ,salts 7which elements1 in solution1 form the liquor sanguinis71 and the ,corpuscles4 ,microscopical examination shows that the corpuscles are of two kinds1 known as the red and the white1 the former being by far the more abundant4 ,they are circular in form and have a smooth exterior1 and are on an average #a_/cbjj part of an inch in diameter1 and are about one-fourth of that in thickness4 ,hence more than ten millions of them may lie on a space an inch square4 ,if spread out in thin layers and subjected to transmitted light1 they present a slightly yellowish color1 but when crowded together and viewed by refracted light1 exhibit a deep red color4 ,these blood-corpuscles have been termed discs1 and are not1 as some have supposed1 solid material1 but are very nearly fluid4 ,the red corpuscles although subjected to continual movement1 have a tendency to approach one another1 and when their flattened surfaces come in contact1 so firmly do they adhere that they change their shape rather than submit to a separation4 ,if separated1 however1 they return to their usual form4 ,the colorless corpuscles are larger than the red and differ from them in being extremely irregular in their shape1 and in their tendency to adhere to a smooth surface1 while the red corpuscles float about and tumble over one another4 ,they are chiefly remarkable for their continual variation in form4 ,the shape of the red corpuscles is only altered by external influences1 but the white are constantly undergoing alterations1 the result of changes taking place within their own substance4 ,when diluted with water and placed under the microscope they are found to consist of a spheroidal sac1 containing a clear or granular fluid and a spheroidal vesicle1 which is termed the nucleus4 ,they have been regarded by some physiologists as identical with those of the lymph and chyle4 ,dr4 ,carpenter believes that the function of these cells is to convert albumen into fibrin1 by the simple process of cell-growth4 ,it is generally believed that the red corpuscles are derived in some way from the colorless4 ,it is supposed that the red corpuscle is merely the nucleus of a colorless corpuscle enlarged1 flattened1 colored and liberated by the bursting of the wall of its cell4 ,when blood is taken from an artery and allowed to remain at rest1 it separates into two parts3 a solid mass1 called the clot1 largely composed of fibrin2 and a fluid known as the serum1 in which the clot is suspended4 ,this process is termed coagulation4 ,the serum1 mostly composed of albumen1 is a transparent1 straw-colored fluid1 having the odor and taste of blood4 ,the whole quantity of blood in the body is estimated on an average to be about one-ninth of its entire weight4 ,the distinctions between the arterial and the venous blood are marked1 since in the arterial system the blood is uniformly bright red1 and in the venous of a very dark red color ,the blood-corpuscles contain both oxygen and carbonic acid in solution4 ,when carbonic acid predominates1 the blood is dark red2 when oxygen1 scarlet4 ,in the lungs1 the corpuscles give up carbonic acid1 and absorb a fresh supply of oxygen1 while in the general circulation the oxygen disappears in the process of tissue transformation1 and is replaced1 in the venous blood1 by carbonic acid4 ,the nutritive portions of food are converted into a homogeneous fluid1 which pervades every part of the body1 is the basis of every tissue1 and which is termed the blood4 ,this varies in color and composition in different animals4 ,in the polyp the nutritive fluid is known as chyme1 in many mollusks1 as well as articulates1 it is called chyle1 but in vertebrates1 it is more highly organized and is called blood4 ,in all the higher animal types it is of a red color1 although redness is not one of its essential qualities4 ,some tribes of animals possess true blood1 which is not red2 thus the blood of the insect is colorless and transparent2 that of the reptile yellowish2 in the fish the principle part is without color1 but the blood of the bird is deep red4 ,the blood of the mammalia is of a bright scarlet hue4 ,the temperature of the blood varies in different species1 as well as in animals of the same species under different physiological conditions2 for this reason1 some animals are called cold-blooded4 ,disease also modifies the temperature of the blood2 thus in fevers it is generally increased1 but in cholera greatly diminished4 ,,the blood has been aptly termed the vital fluid1 since there is a constant flow from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body1 and a continual return after it has circulated through these parts4 ,its presence in every part of the body is one of the essential conditions of animal life1 and is effected by a special set of organs1 called the circulatory organs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,circulatory ,,organs4 ,having considered the formation of chyle1 traced it through the digestive process1 seen its transmission into the vena cava1 and1 finally1 its conversion into blood1 we shall now describe how it is distributed to every part of the system4 ,this is accomplished through organs which1 from the round of duties they perform1 are called circulatory4 ,these are the ,heart1 ,arteries1 ,veins1 and ,capillaries1 which constitute the vascular system4 ,within the thorax or chest of the human body1 and enclosed within a membranous sac1 called the pericardium1 is the great force-pump of the system1 the heart4 ,this organ1 to which all the arteries and veins of the body may be either directly or indirectly traced1 is roughly estimated to be equal in size to the closed fist of the individual to whom it belongs4 ,it has a broad end turned upwards1 and a little to the right side1 termed its base2 and a pointed end called its apex1 turned downwards1 forwards1 and to the left side1 and lying beneath a point about an inch to the right of1 and below1 the left nipple1 or just below the fifth rib4 ,attached to the rest of the body only by the great blood-vessels which issue from and enter it at its base1 the heart is the most mobile organ in the economy1 being free to move in different directions4 ,the heart is divided into two great cavities by a fixed partition1 which extends from the base to the apex of the organ1 and which prevents any direct communication between them4 ,each of these great cavities is further subdivided transversely by a movable partition1 the cavity above each transverse partition being called the auricle1 and the cavity below1 the ventricle1 right or left1 as the case may be4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,general view of the heart and lungs1 t4 ,trachea1 or windpipe1 a4 ,aorta1 p4 ,pulmonary artery1 #a1 #b4 ,branches of the pulmonary artery1 one going to the right1 the other to the left lung4 h4 ,the heart4 ,the walls of the auricles are much thinner than those of the ventricles1 and the wall of the right ventricle is much thinner than that of the left1 from the fact that the ventricles have more work to perform than the auricles1 and the left ventricle more than the right4 ,in structure1 the heart is composed almost entirely of muscular fibers1 which are arranged in a very complex and wonderful manner4 ,the outer surface of the heart is covered with the pericardium1 which closely adheres to the muscular substance4 ,inside1 the cavities are lined with a thin membrane1 called the endocardium4 ,at the junction between the auricles and ventricles1 the apertures of communication between their cavities are strengthened by fibrous rings4 ,attached to these fibrous rings are the movable partitions or valves1 between the auricles and the ventricles1 the one on the right side of the heart being called the tricuspid valve1 and the one on the left side the mitral valve4 ,a number of fine1 but strong1 tendinous chords1 called chord tendine1 connect the edges and apices of these valves with column-like elevations of the fleshy substance of the walls of the ventricles1 called column carne4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #da4 #a4 ,the descending vena cava4 #b4 ,the ascending vena cava4 #c4 ,the right auricle4 #d4 ,the opening between the right auricle and the right ventricle4 #e4 ,the right ventricle4 #f4 ,the tricuspid valves4 #g4 ,the pulmonary artery4 #h1 #h4 ,the branches of the pulmonary artery which pass to the right and the left lung4 #i4 ,the semilunar valves of the pulmonary artery4 #aj4 ,the septum between the two ventricles of the heart4 #aa1 #aa4 ,the pulmonary veins4 #ab4 ,the left auricle4 #ac4 ,the opening between the left auricle and ventricle4 #ad4 ,the left ventricle4 #ae4 ,the mitral valves4 #af1 #af4 ,the aorta4 #ag4 ,the semilunar valves of the aorta4 ,the valves are so arranged that they present no obstacle to the free flow of blood from the auricles into the ventricles1 but if any is forced the other way1 it gets between the valve and the wall of the heart1 and drives the valve backwards and upwards1 thus forming a transverse partition between the auricle and ventricle1 through which no fluid can pass4 ,at the base of the heart are given off two large arteries1 one on the right side1 which conveys the blood to the lungs1 called the pulmonary artery1 and one on the left side1 which conveys the blood to the system in general1 called the aorta4 ,at the junction of each of these great vessels with its corresponding ventricle1 is another valvular apparatus1 consisting of three pouch-like valves1 called the semilunar valves1 from their resemblance1 in shape1 to a half-moon4 ,being placed on a level and meeting in the middle line1 they entirely prevent the passage of any fluid which may be forced along the artery towards the heart1 but1 flapping back1 they offer no obstruction to the free flow of blood from the ventricles into the arteries4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,a representation of the venous and arterial circulation of the blood4 ,the ,arteries1 being always found empty after death1 were supposed by the ancients1 who were ignorant of the circulation of the blood1 to be tubes containing air2 hence their name1 which is derived from a ,greek word and signifies an air-tube4 ,arteries are the cylindrical tubes which carry blood to every part of the system4 ,all the arteries1 except the coronary which supply the substance of the heart1 arise from the two main trunks1 the pulmonary artery and the aorta4 ,they are of a yellowish-white color1 and their inner surface is smooth4 ,the arteries have three coats4 7#a47 ,the external coat1 which is destitute of fat1 and composed chiefly of cellular tissue1 is very firm and elastic1 and can readily be dissected from the middle coat4 7#b47 ,the middle1 or fibrous coat1 is thicker than the external1 and composed of yellowish fibers1 its chief property is contractility4 7#c47 ,the internal coat consists of a colorless1 thin1 transparent membrane1 yet so strong that it can1 it is thought1 better resist a powerful pressure than either of the others4 ,arteries are very elastic as well as extensible1 and their chief extensibility is in length4 ,if an artery of a dead body be divided1 although empty1 its cylindrical form will be preserved4 ,the ,veins are the vessels through which the venous blood returns to the auricles of the heart4 ,they are more numerous than the arteries1 and originate from numerous capillary tubes1 while the arteries are given off from main trunks4 ,in some parts of the body1 the veins correspond in number to the arteries2 while in others1 there are two veins to every artery4 ,the veins commence by minute roots in the capillaries1 which are everywhere distributed through the body1 and gradually increase in size1 until they unite and become large trunks1 conveying the dark blood to the heart4 ,the veins1 like the arteries1 have three coats4 ,the external1 or cellular coat1 resembles that of the arteries2 the middle is fibrous1 but thinner than the corresponding one of the arteries2 and the internal coat is serous1 and analogous to that of those vessels4 ,the veins belong to the three following classes3 7#a47 ,the systemic veins1 which bring the blood from different parts of the body and discharge it into the vena cava1 by means of which it is conveyed to the heart2 7#b71 the pulmonary veins1 which bring the arterial1 or bright red blood from the lungs and carry it to the left auricle2 7#c71 the veins of the portal system1 which originate in the capillaries of the abdominal organs1 then converge into trunks and enter the liver1 to branch off again into divisions and subdivisions of the minutest character4 ,the ,capillaries form an extremely fine net-work1 and are distributed to every part of the body4 ,they vary in diameter from #a_/cejj to #a_/bjjj of an inch4 ,they are so universally prevalent throughout the skin1 that the puncture of a needle would wound a large number of them4 ,these vessels receive the blood and bring it into intimate contact with the tissues1 which take from it the principal part of its oxygen and other elements1 and give up to it carbonic acid and the other waste products resulting from the transformation of the tissues1 which are transmitted through the veins to the heart1 and thence by the arteries to the lungs and various excretory organs4 ,the blood from the system in general1 except the lungs1 is poured into the right auricle by two large veins1 called the superior and the inferior vena cava1' and that returning from the lungs is poured into the left auricle by the pulmonary veins4 ,during life the heart contracts rhythmically1 the contractions commencing at the base1 in each auricle1 and extending towards the apex4 ,now it follows1 from the anatomical arrangement of this organ1 that when the auricles contract1 the blood contained in them is forced through the auriculo-ventricular openings into the ventricles2 the contractions then extending to the ventricles1 in a wave-like manner1 the great proportion of the blood1 being prevented from re-entering the auricles by the tricuspid and mitral valves1 is forced onward into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle1 and into the aorta from the left ventricle4 ,when the contents of the ventricles are suddenly forced into these great blood-vessels1 a shock is given to the entire mass of fluid which they contain1 and this shock is speedily propagated along their branches1 being known at the wrist as the pulse4 ,on inspection1 between the fifth and sixth ribs on the left side of the chest1 a movement is perceptible1 and1 if the hand be applied1 the impulse may be felt4 ,this is known as the throbbing1 or beating of the heart4 ,if the ear is placed over the region of the heart1 certain sounds are heard1 which recur with great regularity4 ,first is heard a comparatively long1 dull sound1 then a short1 sharp sound1 then a pause1 and then the long1 dull sound again4 ,the first sound is caused mainly by the tricuspid and mitral valves1 and the second is the result of sudden closure of the semilunar valves4 ,no language can adequately describe the beauty of the circulatory system4 ,the constant vital flow through the larger vessels1 and the incessant activity of those so minute that they are almost imperceptible1 fully illustrate the perfectness of the mechanism of the human body1 and the wisdom and goodness of ,him who is its author4 ,experiments have shown that the small arteries may be directly influenced through the nervous system1 which regulates their caliber by controlling the state of contraction of their muscular walls4 ,the effect of this influence of the nervous system enables it to control the circulation over certain areas2 and1 notwithstanding the force of the heart and the state of the blood-vessels in general1 to materially modify the circulation in different spots4 ,blushing1 which is simply a local modification of the circulation1 is effected in this way4 ,some emotion takes possession of the mind1 and the action of the nerves1 which ordinarily keep up a moderate contraction of the muscular coats of the arteries1 is lost1 and the vessels relax and become distended with arterial blood1 which is a warm and bright red fluid2 thereupon a burning sensation is felt1 and the skin grows red1 the degree of the blush depending upon the intensity of the emotion4 ,the pallor produced by fright and by extreme anxiety1 is purely the result of a local modification of the circulation1 brought about by an over-stimulation of the nerves which supply the small arteries1 causing them to contract1 and to thus cut off more or less completely the supply of blood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,organs ,,of ,,respiration4 ,,the ,,organs ,,of ,,respiration are the ,trachea1 or windpipe1 the ,bronchia1 formed by the subdivision of the trachea1 and the ,lungs1 with their air-cells4 ,the ,trachea is a vertical tube situated between the lungs below1 and a short quadrangular cavity above1 called the larynx1 which is part of the windpipe1 and used for the purpose of modulating the voice in speaking or singing4 ,in the adult1 the trachea1 in its unextended state1 is from four and one-half to five inches in length1 about one inch in diameter1 and1 like the larynx1 is more fully developed in the male than in the female4 ,it is a fibro-cartilaginous structure1 and is composed of flattened rings1 or segments of circles4 ,it permits the free passage of air to and from the lungs4 ,the ,bronchia are two tubes1 or branches1 one proceeding from the windpipe to each lung4 ,upon entering the lungs1 they divide and subdivide until1 finally1 they terminate in small cells1 called the bronchial or air-cells1 which are of a membranous character4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,an ideal representation of the respiratory organs4 #c4 ,the larynx4 #d4 ,the trachea4 #e1 #f4 ,the bronchia4 #i1 #i1 #i1 #i4 ,air-cells4 #a1 #a1 #a1 #b1 #b1 #b4 ,outlines of the lungs4 ,the ,lungs are irregular conical organs rounded at the apex1 situated within the chest1 and filling the greater part of it1 since the heart is the only other organ which occupies much space in the thoracic cavity4 ,the lungs are convex externally1 and conform to the cavity of the chest1 while the internal surface is concave for the accommodation of the heart4 ,the size of the lungs depends upon the capacity of the chest4 ,their color varies1 being of a pinkish hue in childhood but of a gray1 mottled appearance in the adult4 ,they are termed the right and left lung4 ,each lung resembles a cone with its base resting upon the diaphragm1 and its apex behind the collar-bone4 ,the right lung is larger though shorter1 than the left1 not extending so low1 and has three lobes1 formed by deep fissures1 or longitudinal divisions1 while the left has but two lobes4 ,each lobe is also made up of numerous lobules1 or small lobes1 connected by cellular tissue1 and these contain great numbers of cells4 ,the lungs are abundantly supplied with blood-vessels1 lymphatics1 and nerves4 ,the density of a lung depends upon the amount of air which it contains4 ,thus1 experiment has shown that in a foetus which has never breathed1 the lungs are compact and will sink in water2 but as soon as they become inflated with air1 they spread over a larger surface1 and are therefore more buoyant4 ,each lung is invested1 as far as its root1 with a membrane1 called the pleura1 which is then continuously extended to the cavity of the chest1 thus performing the double office of lining it1 and constituting a partition between the lungs4 ,the part of the membrane which forms this partition is termed the mediastinum4 ,inflammation of this membrane is called pleurisy4 ,the lungs are held in position by the root1 which is formed by the pulmonary arteries1 veins1 nerves1 and the bronchial tubes4 ,respiration is the function by which the venous blood1 conveyed to the lungs by the pulmonary artery1 is converted into arterial blood4 ,this is effected by the elimination of carbonic acid1 which is expired or exhaled from the lungs1 and by the absorption of oxygen from the air which is taken into the lungs1 by the act of inspiration or inhalation4 ,the act of expiration is performed chiefly by the elevation of the diaphragm and the descent of the ribs1 and inspiration is principally effected by the descent of the diaphragm and the elevation of the ribs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,a representation of the heart and lungs4 #d4 ,the heart4 #e4 ,the pulmonary artery4 #h4 ,aorta4 #i1 #aa4 ,upper lobes of the lungs4 #aj1 #ac4 ,lower lobes4 #ab4 ,middle lobe of the right lung4 #b4 ,superior vena cava4 #c4 ,inferior vena cava4 ,when the muscles of some portions of the air-passages are relaxed1 a peculiar vibration follows1 known as snoring4 ,coughing and sneezing are sudden and spasmodic expiratory efforts1 and generally involuntary4 ,sighing is a prolonged deep inspiration1 followed by a rapid1 and generally audible expiration4 ,it is remarkable that laughing and sobbing1 although indicating opposite states of the mind1 are produced in very nearly the same manner4 ,in hiccough1 the contraction is more sudden and spasmodic than in laughing or sobbing4 ,the quantity of oxygen consumed during sleep is estimated to be considerably less than that consumed during wakefulness4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,view of the pulmonary circulation4 ,it is difficult to estimate the amount of air taken into the lungs at each inspiration1 as the quantity varies according to the condition1 size1 and expansibility of the chest1 but in ordinary breathing it is supposed to be from twenty to thirty cubic inches4 ,the consumption of oxygen is greater when the temperature is low1 and during digestion4 ,all the respiratory movements1 so far as they are independent of the will of the individual1 are controlled by that part of the brain called the medulla oblongata4 ,the respiratory1 or breathing process1 is not instituted for the benefit of man alone1 for we find it both in the lower order of animals and in plant life4 ,nature is very economical in the arrangement of her plans1 since the carbonic acid1 which is useless to man1 is indispensable to the existence of plants1 and the oxygen1 rejected by them1 is appropriated to his use4 ,in the lower order of animals1 the respiratory act is similar to that of the higher types1 though not so complex2 for there are no organs of respiration1 as the lungs and gills are called4 ,thus1 the higher the animal type1 the more complex its organism4 ,the effect of air upon the color of the blood is very noticeable4 ,if a quantity be drawn from the body1 thus being brought into contact with the air1 its color gradually changes to a brighter hue4 ,there is a marked difference between the properties of the venous and the arterial blood4 ,the venous blood is carried1 as we have previously described1 to the right side of the heart and to the lungs1 where it is converted into arterial blood4 ,it is now of uniform quality1 ready to be distributed throughout the body1 and capable of sustaining life and nourishing the tissues4 ,man breathes by means of lungs2 but who can understand their wonderful mechanism1 so perfect in all its parts8 ,though every organ is subservient to another1 yet each has its own office to perform4 ,the minute air-cells are for the aeration of the blood2 the larger bronchial tubes ramify the lungs1 and suffuse them with air2 the trachea serves as a passage for the air to and from the lungs1 while at its upper extremity is the larynx1 which has been fitly called the organ of the human voice4 ,at its extremity we find a sort of shield1 called the epiglottis1 the office of which is supposed to be to prevent the intrusion of foreign bodies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy ,,the ,,skin4 ,through digestion and respiration1 the blood is continually supplied with material for its renewal2 and1 while the nutritive constituents of the food are retained to promote the growth of the body1 those which are useless or injurious are in various ways expelled4 ,there are1 perhaps1 few parts of the body more actively concerned in this removal than the skin4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #df3 ,an ideal view of the papillae4 #a1 #a4 ,cutis vera4 #b4b4 ,papillary layer4 #c1 #c4 ,arteries of the papillae4 #d1 #d4 ,nerves of the papillae4 #e1 #e4 ,veins of the papillae4 ,the skin is a membranous envelope covering the entire body4 ,it consists of two layers1 termed the ,cutis ,vera1 or true skin1 and the ,epidermis1 or cuticle4 ,the ,cutis ,vera is composed of fibers similar to those of the cellular tissue4 ,it consists of white and yellow fibers1 which are more densely woven near the surface than deeper in the structure2 the white give strength1 the yellow strength and elasticity combined4 ,the true skin may be divided into two layers1 differing in their characteristics1 and termed respectively the superficial or papillary layer1 and the deep or fibrous layer4 ,upon the external surface1 are little conical prominences1 known as papillae4 ,the papillae are irregularly distributed over the body1 in some parts being smaller and more numerous than in others1 as on the finger-ends1 where their summits are so intimately connected as to form a tolerably smooth surface4 ,it is owing to their perfect development1 that the finger-tips are adapted to receive the most delicate impressions of touch4 ,although every part of the skin is sensitive1 yet the papillae are extremely so1 for they are the principal means through which the impressions of objects are communicated4 ,each papilla not only contains a minute vein and artery1 but it also incloses a loop of sensitive nerves4 ,when the body is exposed to cold1 these papillae can be more distinctly seen in the form of prominences1 commonly known as goose-pimples4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,a section of the skin1 showing its arteries and veins4 ,a1 ,a4 ,arterial branches4 ,b1 ,b4 ,capillaries in which the branches terminate4 ,c4 ,the venous trunk into which the blood from the capillaries flows4 ,the internal1 or fibrous layer of the skin1 contains numerous depressions1 each of which furnishes a receptacle for fat4 ,while the skin is supplied with a complete net-work of arteries1 veins1 and nerves1 which make it sensitive to the slightest touch1 it also contains numerous lymphatic vessels1 so minute that they are invisible to the naked eye4 ,among the agents adapted for expelling the excretions from the system1 few surpass the ,sudoriferous ,glands4 ,these are minute organs which wind in and out over the whole extent of the true skin1 and secrete the perspiration4 ,though much of it passes off as insensible transpiration1 yet it often accumulates in drops of sweat1 during long-continued exercise or exposure to a high temperature4 ,the office of the perspiration is two-fold4 ,it removes noxious matter from the system1 and diminishes animal heat1 and thereby equalizes the temperature of the body4 ,it also renders the skin soft and pliable1 thus better adapting it to the movements of the muscles4 ,the ,sebaceous ,glands1 which are placed in the true skin1 are less abundant where the sudoriferous glands are most numerous1 and vice versa4 ,here1 as elsewhere1 nature acts with systematic and intelligent design4 ,the perspiratory glands are distributed where they are most needed1--in the eyelids1 serving as lubricators2 in the ear passages1 to produce the cerumen1 or wax1 which prevents the intrusion of small insects2 and in the scalp1 to supply the hair with its natural pomatum4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,a perspiratory gland1 highly magnified4 #a1 #a4 ,the gland4 #b1 #b4 ,excretory ducts uniting to form a tube which tortuously perforates the cuticle at #c1 and opens obliquely on its surface at #d4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,a representation of oil-tubes from the scalp and nose4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,anatomy of the skin4 #e1 #e4 ,cutis vera 7true skin74 #d1 #d4 ,nervous tissue4 #c1 #c4 ,sensitive layer in which are seen the nerves4 #b1 #b4 ,the layer containing pigment cells4 #a1 #a4 ,epidermis 7cuticle74 ,the ,epidermis1 or ,cuticle1 so called because it is placed upon the skin1 is the outer layer of the skin4 ,since it is entirely destitute of nerves and blood-vessels1 it is not sensitive4 ,like the cutis vera1 it has two surfaces composed of layers4 ,the internal1 or ,rete ,mucosum1 which is made up chiefly of pigment cells1 is adapted to the irregularities of the cutis vera1 and sends prolongations into all its glandular follicles4 ,the external surface1 or epidermis proper1 is elastic1 destitute of coloring matter1 and consists of mere horny scales4 ,as soon as dry1 they are removed in the form of scurf1 and replaced by new ones from the cutis vera4 ,these scales may be removed by a wet-sheet pack1 or by friction4 ,the cuticle is constantly undergoing renewal4 ,this layer serves to cover and protect the nervous tissue of the true skin beneath4 ,we may here observe that the cuticle contains the pigment for coloring the skin4 ,in dark races1 as the negro1 the cuticle is very thick and filled with black pigment4 ,the radiation of animal heat is dependent upon the thickness and color of this cuticle4 ,thus1 in the dark races1 the pigment cells are most numerous1 and in proportion as the skin is dark or fair do we find these cells in greater or lesser abundance4 ,the skin of the ,albino is of pearly whiteness1 devoid even of the pink or brown tint which that of the ,european always possesses4 ,this peculiarity must be attributed to the absence of pigment cells which1 when present1 always present a more or less dark color4 ,the theory that climate alone is capable of producing all these diversities is simply absurd4 ,the ,esquimaux1 who live in ,greenland and the arctic regions of ,america1 are remarkable for the darkness of their complexion4 ,humboldt remarks that the ,american tribes of the tropical regions have no darker skin than the mountaineers of the temperate zone4 ,climate may modify the complexion1 but it cannot make it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,structure of the human hair4 ,a4 ,external surface of the shaft1 showing the transverse striae and jagged boundary1 caused by the imbrications of the scaly cortex4 ,b4 ,longitudinal section of the shaft1 showing the fibrous character of the medullary substance1 and the arrangement of the pigmentary matter4 ,c4 ,transverse sections1 showing the distinction between the cortical and medullary substances1 and the central collection of pigmentary matter1 sometimes found in the latter4 ,magnified #caj diameters4 ,hairs are horny appendages of the skin1 and1 with the exception of the hands1 the soles of the feet1 the backs of the fingers and toes1 between the last joint and the nail1 and the upper eyelids1 are distributed more or less abundantly over every part of the surface of the body4 ,over the greater part of the surface the hairs are very minute1 and in some places are not actually apparent above the level of the skin2 but the hair of the head1 when permitted to reach its full growth1 attains a length of from twenty inches to a yard1 and1 in rare instances1 even six feet4 ,a hair may be divided into a middle portion1 or shaft1 and two extremities2 a peripheral extremity1 called the point2 and a central extremity1 inclosed within the hair sac1 or follicle1 termed the root4 ,the root is somewhat greater in diameter than the shaft1 and cylindrical in form1 while its lower part expands into an oval mass1 called the bulb4 ,the shaft of the hair is not often perfectly cylindrical1 but is more or less flattened1 which circumstance gives rise to waving and curling hair2 and1 when the flattening is spiral in direction1 the curling will be very great4 ,a hair is composed of three different layers of cell-tissues3 a loose1 cellulated substance1 which occupies its center1 and constitutes the medulla1 or pith2 the fibrous tissue1 which incloses the medulla1 and forms the chief bulk of the hair2 and a thin layer1 which envelops this fibrous structure1 and forms the smooth surface of the hair4 ,the medulla is absent in the downy hairs1 but in the coarser class it is always present1 especially in white hair4 ,the color of hair is due partly to the granules and partly to an inter-granular substance1 which occupies the interstices of the granules and the fibers4 ,the quantity of hair varies according to the proximity and condition of the follicles4 ,the average number of hairs of the head may be stated at #a1jjj in a superficial square inch2 and1 as the surface of the scalp has an area of about one hundred and twenty superficial square inches1 the average number of hairs on the entire head is #abj1jjj4 ,the hair possesses great durability1 as is evinced by its endurance of chemical processes1 and by its discovery1 in the tombs of mummies more than two thousand years old4 ,the hair is remarkable for its elasticity and strength4 ,hair is found to differ materially from horn in its chemical composition4 ,according to ,vauquelin1 its constituents are animal matter1 a greenish-black oil1 a white1 concrete oil1 phosphate of lime1 a trace of carbonate of lime1 oxide of manganese1 iron1 sulphur1 and silex4 ,red hair contains a reddish oil1 a large proportion of sulphur1 and a small quantity of iron4 ,white hair contains a white oil1 and phosphate of magnesia4 ,it has been supposed that hair grows after death1 but this theory was probably due to the lengthening of the hair by the absorption of moisture from the body or atmosphere4 ,the nails constitute another class of appendages of the skin4 ,they consist of thin plates of horny tissue1 having a root1 a body1 and a free extremity4 ,the root1 as well as the lateral portion1 is implanted in the skin1 and has a thin margin which is received into a groove of the true skin4 ,the under surface is furrowed1 while the upper is comparatively smooth4 ,the nails grow in the same manner as the cuticle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,secretion4 ,the term ,secretion1 in its broadest sense1 is applied to that process by which substances are separated from the blood1 either for the reparation of the tissues or for excretion4 ,in the animal kingdom this process is less complicated than in vegetables4 ,in the former it is really a separation of nutritive material from the blood4 ,the process1 when effected for the removal of effete matter1 is1 in a measure1 chemical1 and accordingly the change is greater4 ,three elementary constituents are observed in secretory organs3 the cells1 a basement membrane1 and the blood-vessels4 ,obviously1 the most essential part is the cell4 ,the physical condition necessary for the healthy action of the secretory organs is a copious supply of blood1 in which the nutritive materials are abundant4 ,the nervous system also influences the process of secretion to a great extent4 ,intense emotion will produce tears1 and the sight of some favorite fruit will generally increase the flow of saliva4 ,the process of secretion depends upon the anatomical and chemical constitution of the cell-tissues4 ,the principal secretions are 7#a71 ,perspiration2 7#b71 ,tears2 7#c71 ,sebaceous matter2 7#d71 ,mucus2 7#e71 ,saliva2 7#f71 ,gastric juice2 7#g71 ,intestinal juice2 7#h71 ,pancreatic juice2 7#i71 ,bile2 7#aj71 ,milk4 ,,perspiration is a watery fluid secreted in minute glands1 which are situated in every part of the skin1 but are more numerous on the anterior surfaces of the body4 ,long thread-like tubes1 only #a_/ajjth of an inch in diameter1 lined with epithelium1 penetrate the skin1 and terminate in rounded coils1 enveloped by a net-work of capillaries1 which supply the secretory glands with blood4 ,it is estimated by ,krause that the entire number of perspiratory glands is two million three hundred and eighty-one thousand two hundred and forty-eight1 and the length of each glandular coil being #a_/af of an inch1 we may estimate the length of tubing to be not less than two miles and a third4 ,this secretion has a specific gravity of #ajjc4e1 and1 according to ,dr4 ,dalton1 is composed of ,water1 #iie4ej ,chloride of ,sodium1 #b4bc ,chloride of ,potassium1 #j4bd ,sulphate of ,soda and ,potassa1 #j4ja ,salts of organic acids1 with ,soda and ,potassa1 #b4jb ------- #ajjj4jj ,traces of organic matter1 mingled with a free volatile acid1 are also found in the perspiration4 ,it is the acid which imparts to this secretion its peculiar odor1 and acid reaction4 ,the process of its secretion is continuous1 but1 like all bodily functions1 it is subject to influences which augment or retard its activity4 ,if1 as is usually the case when the body is in a state of repose1 evaporation prevents its appearance in the liquid form1 it is called invisible or insensible perspiration4 ,when there is unusual muscular activity1 it collects upon the skin1 and is known as sensible perspiration4 ,this secretion performs an important office in the animal economy1 by maintaining the internal temperature at about #ajj ,fahr4 ,even in the ,arctic regions1 where the explorer has to adapt himself to a temperature of #dj to #hj below zero1 the generation of heat in the body prevents the internal temperature from falling below this standard4 ,on the contrary1 if the circulation is quickened by muscular exertion1 the warmer blood flowing from the internal organs into the capillaries1 raises the temperature of the skin1 secretion is augmented1 the moisture exudes from the pores1 and perceptible evaporation begins4 ,a large portion of the animal heat is thrown off in this process1 and the temperature of the skin is reduced4 ,a very warm1 dry atmosphere can be borne with impunity but if moisture is introduced1 evaporation ceases1 and the life of the animal is endangered4 ,persons have been known to remain in a temperature of about #cjj ,fahr4 for some minutes without unpleasant effects4 ,three conditions may be assigned as effective causes in retarding or augmenting this cutaneous secretion1 variations in the temperature of the atmosphere1 muscular activity1 and influences which affect the nerves4 ,the emotions exert a remarkable influence upon the action of the perspiratory glands4 ,intense fear causes great drops of perspiration to accumulate on the skin1 while the salivary glands remain inactive4 ,,tears4 ,the lachrymal glands are small lobular organs1 situated at the outer and upper orbit of the eye1 and have from six to eight ducts1 which open upon the conjunctiva1 between the eyelid and its inner fold4 ,this secretion is an alkaline1 watery fluid4 ,according to ,dr4 ,dalton1 its composition is as follows3 ,water1 #hhb4j ,albuminous matter1 #e4j ,chloride of ,sodium1 #ac4j ,mineral ,salts1 a trace1 ------ #ajjj4j ,the function of this secretion is to preserve the brilliancy of the eye4 ,the tears are spread over this organ by the reflex movement of the eyelid1 called winking1 and then collected in the puncta lachrymalia and discharged into the nasal passage4 ,this process is constant during life4 ,the effect of its repression is seen in the dim appearance of the eye after death4 ,grief or excessive laughter usually excite these glands until there is an overflow4 ,,sebaceous ,,matter4 ,three varieties of this secretion are found in the body4 ,a product of the sebaceous glands of the skin is found in those parts of the body which are covered with hairs2 also1 on the face and the external surface of the organs of generation4 ,the sebaceous glands consist of a group of flask-shaped cavities1 opening into a common excretory duct4 ,their secretion serves to lubricate the hair and soften the skin4 ,the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus1 or outer opening of the ear1 are long tubes terminating in a glandular coil1 within which is secreted the glutinous matter of the ear4 ,this secretion serves the double purpose of moistening the outer surface of the membrana tympani1 or ear-drum1 and1 by its strong odor1 of preventing the intrusion of insects4 ,the ,meibomian glands are arranged in the form of clusters along the excretory duct1 which opens just behind the roots of the eyelashes4 ,the oily nature of this secretion prevents the tears1 when not stimulated by emotion1 from overflowing the lachrymal canal4 ,,mucus4 ,the mucous membranes are provided with minute glands which secrete a viscid1 gelatinous matter1 called mucus4 ,the peculiar animal matter which it contains is termed mucosin4 ,these glands are most numerous in the ,pharynx1 ,esophagus1 ,trachea1 ,bronchia1 ,vagina and ,urethra4 ,they consist of a group of secreting sacs1 terminating at one extremity in a closed tube1 while the other opens into a common duct4 ,the mucus varies in composition in different parts of the body2 but in all1 it contains a small portion of insoluble animal matter4 ,its functions are threefold4 ,it lubricates the membranes1 prevents their injury1 and facilitates the passage of food through the alimentary canal4 ,,saliva4 ,this term is given to the first of the digestive fluids1 which is secreted in the glands of the mouth4 ,it is a viscid1 alkaline liquid1 with a specific gravity of about #ajje4 ,if allowed to stand1 a whitish precipitate is formed4 ,examinations with the microscope show it to be composed of minute1 granular cells and oil globules1 mingled with numerous scales of epithelium4 ,according to ,bidder and ,schmidt1 the composition of saliva is as follows3 ,water1 #iie4af ,organic matter1 #a4cd ,sulpho-cyanide of ,potassium1 #j4jf ,phosphates of ,sodium1 ,calcium and ,magnesium1 4#ih ,chlorides of ,sodium and ,potassium1 4#hd ,mixture of ,epithelium1 #a4fb ------- #ajjj4jj ,two kinds of organic matter are present in the saliva2 one1 termed ptyalin1 imparts to the saliva its viscidity1 and it obtained from the secretions of the parotid1 submaxillary and sublingual glands2 another1 which is not glutinous1 is distinguished by the property of coagulating when subjected to heat4 ,the saliva is composed of four elementary secretions1 derived respectively1 from the mucous follicles of the mouth1 and the parotid1 the submaxillary1 and the sublingual glands4 ,the process of its secretion is constant1 but is greatly augmented by the contact of food with the lining membrane4 ,the saliva serves to moisten the triturated food1 facilitate its passage1 and has the property of converting starch into sugar2 but the latter quality is counteracted by the action of the gastric juice of the stomach4 ,,gastric ,,juice4 ,the minute tubes1 or follicles1 situated in the mucous membrane of the stomach1 secrete a colorless1 acid liquid1 termed the gastric juice4 ,this fluid appears to consist of little more than water1 containing a few saline matters in solution1 and a small quantity of free hydrochloric acid1 which gives it an acid reaction4 ,in addition to these1 however1 it contains a small quantity of a peculiar organic substance1 termed pepsin1 which in chemical composition1 is very similar to ptyalin1 although it is very different in its effects4 ,when food is introduced into the stomach1 the peristaltic contractions of that organ roll it about1 and mingle it with the gastric juice1 which disintegrates the connective tissue1 and converts the albuminous portions into the substance called chyme1 which is about the consistency of pea-soup1 and which is readily absorbed through the animal membranes into the blood of the delicate and numerous vessels of the stomach1 whence it is conveyed to the portal vein and to the liver4 ,the secretion of the gastric juice is influenced by nervous conditions4 ,excess of joy or grief effectually retard or even arrest its flow4 ,,intestinal ,,juice4 ,in the small intestine1 a secretion is found which is termed the intestinal juice4 ,it is the product of two classes of glands situated in the mucous membrane1 and termed respectively1 the follicles of ,lieberkuhn and the glands of ,brunner4 ,the former consist of numerous small tubes1 lined with epithelium1 which secrete by far the greater portion of this fluid4 ,the latter are clusters of round follicles opening into a common excretory duct4 ,these sacs are composed of delicate1 membranous tissue1 having numerous nuclei on their walls4 ,the difficulty of obtaining this juice for experiment is obvious1 and therefore its chemical composition and physical properties are not known4 ,the intestinal juice resembles the secretion of the mucous follicles of the mouth1 being colorless1 vitreous in appearance1 and having an alkaline reaction4 ,,pancreatic ,,juice4 ,this is a colorless fluid1 secreted in a lobular gland which is situated behind the stomach1 and runs transversely from the spleen across the vertebral column to the duodenum4 ,the most important constituent of the pancreatic juice is an organic substance1 termed pancreatin4 ,,the ,,bile4 ,the blood which is collected by the veins of the stomach1 pancreas1 spleen1 and intestines1 is discharged into a large trunk called the portal vein1 which enters the liver4 ,this organ also receives arterial blood from a vessel called the hepatic artery1 which is given off from the aorta below the diaphragm4 ,if the branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery be traced into the substance of the liver1 they will be found to accompany one another1 and to subdivide1 becoming smaller and smaller4 ,finally1 the portal vein and hepatic artery will be found to terminate in capillaries which permeate the smallest perceptible subdivisions of the liver substance1 which are polygonal masses of not more than one-tenth of an inch in diameter1 called the lobules4 ,every lobule rests upon one of the ramifications of a great vessel termed the hepatic vein1 which empties into the inferior vena cava4 ,there is also a vessel termed the hepatic duct leading from the liver1 the minute subdivisions of which penetrate every portion of the substance of that organ4 ,connected with the hepatic duct1 is the duct of a large oval sac1 called the gall-bladder4 ,each lobule of the liver is composed of minute cellular bodies known as the hepatic cells4 ,it is supposed that in these cells the blood is deprived of certain materials which are converted into bile4 ,this secretion is a glutinous fluid1 varying in color from a dark golden brown to a bright yellow1 has a specific gravity ranging from #ajah to #ajcf1 and a slightly alkaline reaction4 ,when agitated1 it has a frothy appearance4 ,physiologists have experienced much difficulty in studying the character of this secretion from the instability of its constituents when subjected to chemical examination4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,section of the ,liver1 showing the ramifications of the portal vein4 #a4 ,twig of portal vein4 #b1 #b'1 #b1 #b'4 ,interlobular vein4 #c1 #c'1 #c1 ,lobules4 ,biliverdin is an organic substance peculiar to the bile1 which imparts to that secretion its color4 ,when this constituent is re-absorbed by the blood and circulates through the tissues1 the skin assumes a bright yellow hue1 causing what is known as the jaundice4 ,cholesterin is an inflammable crystallizable substance soluble in alcohol or ether4 ,it is found in the spleen and all the nervous tissues4 ,it is highly probable that it exists in the blood1 in some state or combination1 and assumes a crystalline form only when acted upon by other substances or elements4 ,two other constituents1 more important than either of the above1 are collectively termed biliary salts4 ,these elements were discovered in #ahdh1 by ,strecker1 who termed them glycocholate and taurocholate of soda4 ,both are crystalline1 resinous substances1 and1 although resembling each other in many respects1 the chemist may distinguish them by their reaction1 for both yield a precipitate if treated with subacetate of lead1 but only the glycocholate will give a precipitate with acetate of lead4 ,in testing for biliary substances1 the most satisfactory method is the one proposed by ,pettenkoffer4 ,a solution of cane-sugar1 one part of sugar to four parts of water1 is mixed with the suspected substance4 ,dilute sulphuric acid is then added until a white precipitate falls1 which is re-dissolved in an excess of the acid4 ,on the addition of more sulphuric acid1 it becomes opalescent1 and passes through the successive hues of scarlet1 lake1 and a rich purple4 ,careful experiments have proved that it is a constant secretion2 but its flow is mere abundant during digestion4 ,during the passage through the intestines it disappears4 ,it is not eliminated1 and ,pettenkoffer's test has failed to detect its existence in the portal vein4 ,these facts lead physiologists to the conclusion1 that it undergoes some transformation in the intestines and is re-absorbed4 ,after digestion has been going on in the stomach for some time1 the semi-digested food1 in the form of chyme1 begins to pass through the pyloric orifice of the stomach into the duodenum1 or upper portion of the small intestine4 ,here it encounters the intestinal juice1 pancreatic juice1 and the bile1 the secretion of all of which is stimulated by the presence of food in the alimentary tract4 ,these fluids1 mingling with the chyme1 give it an alkaline reaction1 and convert it into chyle4 ,the transformation of starch into sugar1 which is almost1 if not entirely1 suspended while the food remains in the stomach1 owing to the acidity of the chyme1 is resumed in the duodenum1 the acid of the chyme1 being neutralized by the alkaline secretions there encountered4 ,late researches have demonstrated that the pancreatic juice exerts a powerful effect on albuminous matters1 not unlike that of the gastric juice4 ,thus1 it seems that while in the mouth only starchy1 and while in the stomach only albuminous substances are digested1 in the small intestine all kinds of food materials1 starchy1 albuminoid1 fatty and mineral1 are either completely dissolved1 or minutely subdivided1 and so prepared that they may be readily absorbed through the animal membranes into the vessels4 ,,milk4 ,the milk is a white1 opaque fluid1 secreted in the lacteal glands of the female1 in the mammalia4 ,these glands consist of numerous follicles1 grouped around an excretory duct1 which unites with similar ducts coming from other lobules4 ,by successive unions1 they form large branches1 termed the lactiferous ducts1 which open by ten to fourteen minute orifices on the extremity of the nipple4 ,the most important constituent of milk is casein2 it also contains oily and saccharine substances4 ,this secretion1 more than any other1 as influenced by nervous conditions4 ,a mother's bosom will fill with milk at the thought of her infant child4 ,milk is sometimes poisoned by a fit of ill-temper1 and the infant made sick and occasionally thrown into convulsions1 which in some instances prove fatal4 ,sir ,astley ,cooper mentions two cases in which terror instantaneously and permanently arrested this secretion4 ,it is also affected by the food and drink4 ,malt liquors and other mild alcoholic beverages temporarily increase the amount of the secretion1 and may1 in rare instances1 have a beneficial effect upon the mother4 ,they sometimes affect the child1 however1 and their use is not to be recommended unless the mother is extremely debilitated1 and there is a deficiency of milk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,excretion4 ,the products resulting from the waste of the tissues are constantly being poured into the blood1 and1 as we have seen1 the blood being everywhere full of corpuscles1 which1 like all living things1 die and decay1 the products of their decomposition accumulate in every part of the circulatory system4 ,hence1 if the blood is to be kept pure1 the waste materials incessantly poured into this fluid1 or generated in it1 must be as continually removed1 or excreted4 ,the principal sets of organs concerned in effecting the separation of excrementitious substances from the blood are the lungs1 the skin1 and the kidneys4 ,the elimination of carbonic acid through the lungs has already been described on page #ff1 and the excretory function of the skin on page #gj4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,view of the kidneys1 ureters1 and bladder4 ,the kidneys are two bean-shaped organs1 placed at the back of the abdominal cavity1 in the region of the loins1 one on each side of the spine4 ,the convex side of each kidney is directed outwards1 and the concave side is turned inwards towards the spine4 ,from the middle of the concave side1 which is termed the hilus1 a long tube of small caliber1 called the ureter1 proceeds to the bladder4 ,the latter organ is an oval bag1 situated in the pelvic cavity4 ,it is composed principally of elastic muscular fibers1 and is lined internally with mucous membrane1 and coated externally with a layer of the peritoneum1 the serous membrane which lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities4 ,the ureters enter the bladder through its posterior and lower wall1 at some little distance from each other4 ,the openings through which the ureters enter the bladder are oblique1 hence it is much easier for the secretion of the kidneys to pass from the ureters into the bladder than for it to get the other way4 ,leading from the bladder to the exterior of the body is a tube1 called the urethra1 through which the urine is voided4 ,the excretion of the kidneys1 termed the urine1 is an amber-colored or straw-colored fluid1 naturally having a slightly acid reaction1 and a specific gravity ranging from #a1jae to #a1jbe4 ,its principal constituents are urea and uric acid1 together with various other animal matters of less importance1 and saline substances1 held in solution in a proportionately large amount of water4 ,the composition of the urine and the quantity excreted vary considerably1 being influenced by the moisture and temperature of the atmosphere1 by the character of the food consumed1 and by the empty or replete condition of the alimentary tract4 ,on an average a healthy man secretes about fifty ounces of urine in the twenty-four hours4 ,this quantity usually holds in solution about one ounce of urea1 and ten or twelve grains of uric acid4 ,in the amount of other animal matters1 and saline substances1 there is great variation1 the quantity of these ranging from a quarter of an ounce to an ounce4 ,the principal saline substances are common salt1 the sulphates and phosphates of potassium1 sodium1 calcium1 and magnesium4 ,in addition to the animal and the saline matters1 the urine also contains a small quantity of carbonic acid1 oxygen and nitrogen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,,the ,,nervous ,,system4 ,hitherto1 we have only considered the anatomy and functions of the organs employed in ,digestion1 ,absorption1 ,circulation1 ,respiration1 ,secretion and ,excretion4 ,we have found the vital process of nutrition to be1 in all its essential features1 a result of physical and chemical forces2 in each instance we have presupposed the existence and activity of the nerves4 ,there is not an inch of bodily tissue into which their delicate filaments do not penetrate1 and form a multitude of conductors1 over which are sent the impulses of motion and sensation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,the ,nervous ,system4 ,two elements1 nerve-fibers and ganglionic corpuscles1 enter into the composition of nervous tissue4 ,ordinary nerve-fibers in the living subject1 or when fresh1 are cylindrical-shaped filaments of a clear1 but somewhat oily appearance4 ,but soon after death the matter contained in the fiber coagulates1 and then the fiber is seen to consist of an extremely delicate1 structureless1 outer membrane1 which forms a tube through the center of which runs the axis-cylinder4 ,interposed between the axis-cylinder and this tube1 there is a fluid1 containing a considerable quantity of fatty matter1 from which is deposited a highly refracting substance which lines the tube4 ,there are two sets of nerve-fibers1 those which transmit sensory impulses1 called afferent or sensory nerves1 and those which transmit motor impulses1 called efferent or motor nerves4 ,the fibers when collected in bundles are termed nerve trunks4 ,all the larger nerve-fibers lie side by side in the nerve-trunks1 and are bound together by delicate connective tissue1 enclosed in a sheath of the same material1 termed the neurilemma4 ,the nerve-fibers in the trunks of the nerves remain perfectly distinct and disconnected from one another1 and seldom1 or never1 divide throughout their entire length4 ,however1 where the nerves enter the nerve-centers1 and near their outer terminations1 the nerve-fibres often divide into branches1 or at least gradually diminish in size1 until1 finally1 the axis-cylinder1 and the sheath with its fluid contents1 are no longer distinguishable4 ,the investing membrane is continuous from the origin to the termination of the nerve-trunk4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ee4 ,division of a nerve1 showing a portion of a nervous trunk 7a7 and separation of its filaments 7b1 c1 d1 e47 ,in the brain and spinal cord the nerve-fibers often terminate in minute masses of a gray or ash-colored granular substance1 termed ganglia1 or ganglionic corpuscles4 ,the ganglia are cellular corpuscles of irregular form1 and possess fibrous appendages1 which serve to connect them with one another4 ,these ganglia form the cortical covering of the brain1 and are also found in the interior of the spinal cord4 ,according to ,klliker1 the larger of these nerve-cells measure only #a_/bjj of an inch in diameter4 ,the brain is chiefly composed of nervous ganglia4 ,nerves are classified with reference to their origin1 as cerebral--those originating in the brain1 and spinal--those originating in the spinal cord4 ,there are two sets of nerves and nerve-centers1 which are intimately connected1 but which can be more conveniently studied apart4 ,these are the cerebro-spinal system1 consisting of the cerebro-spinal axis1 and the cerebral and spinal nerves2 and the sympathetic system1 consisting of the chain of sympathetic ganglia1 the nerves which they give off1 and the nervous trunks which connect them with one another and with the cerebro-spinal nerves4 ,,the ,,cerebro-,,spinal ,,system4 ,,the ,,cerebro-,,spinal ,,axis consists of the brain and spinal cord4 ,it lies in the cavities of the cranium and the spinal column4 ,these cavities are lined with a very tough fibrous membrane1 termed the dura mater1 which serves as the periosteum of the bones which enter into the formation of these parts4 ,the surface of the brain and spinal cord is closely invested with an extremely vascular1 areolar tissue1 called the pia mater4 ,the numerous blood-vessels which supply these organs traverse the pia mater for some distance1 and1 where they pass into the substance of the brain or spinal cord1 the fibrous tissue of this membrane accompanies them to a greater or less depth4 ,the inner surface of the dura mater and the outer surface of the pia mater are covered with an extremely thin1 serous membrane1 which is termed the arachnoid membrane4 ,thus1 one layer of the arachnoid envelopes the brain and spinal cord1 and the other lines the dura mater4 ,as the layers become continuous with each other at different points1 the arachnoid1 like the pericardium1 forms a shut sac1 and1 like other serous membranes1 it secretes a fluid1 known as the arachnoid fluid4 ,the space between the internal and the external layers of the arachnoid membrane of the brain is much smaller than that enclosed by the corresponding layers of the arachnoid membrane of the spinal column4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,cross-section of spinal cord4 ,,the ,,spinal ,,cord is a column of soft1 grayish-white substance1 extending from the top of the spinal canal1 where it is continuous with the brain1 to about an inch below the small of the back1 where it tapers off into a filament4 ,from this nerve are distributed fibers and filaments to the muscles and integument of at least nine-tenths of the body4 ,the spinal cord is divided in front through the middle nearly as far as its center1 by a deep fissure1 called the anterior fissure1 and behind1 in a similar manner1 by the posterior fissure4 ,each of these fissures is lined with the pia mater1 which also supports the blood-vessels which supply the spinal cord with blood4 ,consequently1 the substance of the two halves of the cord is only connected by a narrow isthmus1 or bridge1 perforated by a minute tube1 which is termed the central canal of the spinal cord4 ,each half of the spinal cord is divided lengthwise into three nearly equal parts1 which are termed the anterior1 lateral1 and posterior columns1 by the lines which join together two parallel series of bundles of nervous filaments1 which compose the roots of the spinal nerves4 ,the roots of those nerves1 which are found along that line nearest the posterior surface of the cord1 are termed the posterior roots2 those which spring from the other line are known as the anterior roots4 ,several of these anterior and posterior roots1 situated at about the same height on opposite sides of the spinal cord1 converge and combine into what are called the anterior and posterior bundles2 then two bundles1 anterior and posterior1 unite and form the trunk of a spinal nerve4 ,the nerve trunks make their way out of the spinal canal through apertures between the vertebra1 called the inter-vertebral foramina and then divide into numerous branches1 their ramifications extending principally to the muscles and the skin4 ,there are thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves1 eight of which are termed cervical1 twelve dorsal1 five lumbar1 and six sacral1 with reference to that part of the cord from which they originate4 ,when the cord is divided into transverse sections1 it is found that each half is composed of two kinds of matter1 a white substance on the outside1 and a grayish substance in the interior4 ,the gray matter1 as it is termed1 lies in the form of an irregular crescent1 with one end considerably larger than the other1 and having the concave side turned outwards4 ,the ends of the crescent are termed the horns1 or cornua1 the one pointing forward being called the anterior cornu1 the other one the posterior cornu4 ,the convex sides of these cornua approach each other and are united by the bridge1 which contains the central canal4 ,there is a marked difference in the structure of the gray and the white matter4 ,the white matter is composed entirely of nerve fibers1 held together by a framework of connective tissue4 ,the gray matter contains a great number of ganglionic corpuscles1 or nerve-cells1 in addition to the nerve-fibers4 ,when the nerve-trunks are irritated in any manner1 whether by pinching1 burning1 or the application of electricity1 all the muscles which are supplied with branches from this nerve-trunk immediately contract1 and pain is experienced1 the severity of which depends upon the degree of the irritation2 and the pain is attributed to that portion of the body to which the filaments of the nerve-trunk are distributed4 ,thus1 persons who have lost limbs often complain in cold weather of an uneasiness or pain1 which they locate in the fingers or toes of the limb which has been amputated1 and which is caused by the cold producing an irritation of the nerve-trunk1 the filaments1 or fibers of which1 supplied the fingers or toes of the lost member4 ,on the other hand1 if the anterior bundle of nerve-fibers given off from the spinal cord is irritated in precisely the same way1 only half of these effects is produced4 ,all the muscles which are supplied with fibers from that trunk contract1 but no pain is experienced4 ,conversely1 if the posterior bundle of nerve-fibers is irritated1 none of the muscles to which the filaments of the nerve are distributed contract1 but pain is felt throughout the entire region to which these filaments are extended4 ,it is evident1 from these facts1 that the fibers composing the posterior bundles of nerve-roots only transmit sensory impulses1 and the filaments composing the anterior nerve-roots only transmit motor impulses2 accordingly1 they are termed respectively the sensory and the motor nerve-roots4 ,this is illustrated by the fact that when the posterior root of a spinal nerve is divided1 all sensation in the parts to which the filaments of that nerve are distributed is lost1 but the power of voluntary movement of the muscles remains4 ,on the other hand1 if the anterior roots are severed1 the power of voluntary motion of the muscles is lost1 but sensation remains4 ,it appears from these experiments1 that1 when a nerve is irritated1 a change in the arrangement of its molecules takes place1 which is transmitted along the nerve-fibers4 ,but1 if the nerve-trunks are divided1 or compressed tightly at any point between the portion irritated1 and the muscle or nerve-centre1 the effect ceases immediately1 in a manner similar to that in which a message is stopped by the cutting of a telegraph wire4 ,when the nerves distributed to a limb are subjected to a pressure sufficient to destroy the molecular continuity of their filaments1 it goes to sleep1 as we term it4 ,the power of transmitting sensory and motor impulses is lost1 and only returns gradually1 as the molecular continuity is restored4 ,from what has been said1 it is plain that a sensory nerve is one which conveys a sensory impulse from the peripheral or outer part of a nerve to the spinal cord or brain1 and which is1 therefore1 termed afferent2 and that a motor nerve is one which transmits an impulse from the nerve centre1 or is efferent4 ,so difference in structure1 or in chemical or physical composition1 can be discerned between the afferent and the efferent nerves4 ,a certain period of time is required for the transmission of all impulses4 ,the speed with which an impulse travels has been found to be comparatively slow1 being even less than that of sound1 which is #a1abj feet per second4 ,the experiments heretofore related have been confined solely to the nerves4 ,we may now proceed to the consideration of what takes place when the spinal cord is operated upon in a similar way4 ,if the cord be divided with a knife or other instrument1 all parts of the body supplied with nerves given off below the division will become paralyzed and insensible1 while all parts of the body supplied with nerves from the spinal cord above the division will retain their sensibility and power of motion4 ,if1 however1 only the posterior half of the spinal cord is divided1 or destroyed1 there is loss of sensation alone2 and1 if the anterior portion is cut in two1 and the continuity of the posterior part is left undisturbed1 there is loss of voluntary motion of the lower limbs1 but sensation remains4 ,,reflex ,,action ,,of ,,the ,,spinal ,,cord4 ,in relation to the brain1 the spinal cord is a great mixed motor and sensory nerve1 but1 in addition to this1 it is also a distinct nervous centre1 in which originate and terminate all those involuntary impulses which exert so potent an influence in the preservation and economy of the body4 ,that peculiar power of the cord by which it is enabled to convert sensory into motor impulse is that which distinguishes it1 as a central organ1 from a nerve1 and is called reflex action4 ,the gray matter1 and not the white1 is the part of the cord which possesses this power4 ,this reflex action is a special function of the spinal cord1 and serves as a monitor to1 and regulator of the organs of nutrition and circulation1 by placing them1 ordinarily1 beyond the control of conscious volition4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,if the foot of a decapitated frog is irritated1 there is an instant contraction of the corresponding limb2 if the irritation is intense the other limb also contracts4 ,these motions indicate the existence1 in some part of the spinal cord1 of a distinct nerve-centre1 capable of converting and reflecting impulses4 ,it has been found by experiment1 that the same movements will take place if the irritation be applied to any portion of the body to which the spinal nerves are distributed1 thus giving undoubted evidence that the spinal cord in its entirety is capable of causing these reflections4 ,fig4 #eg represents the course of the nervous impulses4 ,the sensory impulse passes upward along the posterior root1 a1 until it reaches the imbedded gray matter1 b1 of the cord1 by which it is reflected1 as a motor impulse1 downward along the anterior root1 c1 to the muscles whence the sensation was received4 ,this is the reflex action of the spinal cord4 ,there is no consciousness or sensation connected with this action1 and the removal of the brain and the sympathetic system does not diminish its activity4 ,even after death it continues for some time1 longer in cold-blooded than in warm-blooded animals1 on account of the difference in temperature1 thus showing this property of the spinal cord4 ,by disease1 or the use of certain poisons1 this activity may be greatly augmented1 as is frequently observed in the human subject4 ,a sudden contact with a different atmosphere may induce these movements4 ,the contraction of the muscles1 or cramp1 often experienced by all persons1 in stepping into a cold bath1 or emerging from the cozy sitting-room into a chilly ,december temperature1 are familiar illustrations of reflex movements4 ,it has been demonstrated that the irritability of the nerves may be impaired or destroyed1 while that of the muscles to which they are distributed remains unchanged2 and that the motor and sensory classes of filaments may be paralyzed independently of each other4 ,the reflex actions of the spinal cord have been admirably summed up by ,dr4 ,dalton1 as exerting a general1 protective influence over the body1 presiding over the involuntary action of the limbs and trunk1 regulating the action of the sphincters1 rectum1 and bladder1 and1 at the same time1 exercising an indirect influence upon the nutritive changes in all parts of the body to which the spinal filaments are distributed4 ,,the ,,brain4 ,the brain is a complex organ1 which is divided into the medulla oblongata1 the cerebellum1 and the cerebrum4 ,the medulla oblongata is situated just above the spinal cord1 and is continuous with it below1 and the brain above4 ,it has distinct functions which are employed in the preservation and continuance of life4 ,it has been termed the vital knot1 owing to the fact that the brain may be removed and the cord injured and still the heart and lungs will continue to perform their functions1 until the medulla oblongata is destroyed4 ,the arrangement of the white and gray matter of the medulla oblongata is similar to that of the spinal cord2 that is to say1 the white matter is external and the gray internal2 whereas in the cerebellum and cerebrum this order is reversed4 ,the fibres of the spinal cord1 before entering this portion of the brain1 decussate1 those from the right side crossing to the left1 and those from the left crossing to the right side4 ,by some authors this crossing of the sensory and motor filaments has been supposed to take place near the medulla oblongata4 ,dr4 ,brown-,sequard shows1 however1 that it takes place at every part of the spinal cord4 ,the medulla oblongata is traversed by a longitudinal fissure1 continuous with that of the spinal cord4 ,each of the lateral columns thus formed are subdivided into sections1 termed respectively the ,corpora ,pyramidalia1 the ,corpora ,olivaria1 the ,corpora ,restiformia and the ,posterior ,pyramids4 ,the ,corpora ,pyramidalia 7see #a1 #a1 ,fig4 #eh7 are two small medullary eminences or cords1 situated at the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata2 approaching the ,pons ,varolii these become larger and rounded4 ,the ,corpora ,olivaria 7#c1 #c1 ,fig4 #eh7 are two elliptical prominences1 placed exterior to the corpora pyramidalia4 ,by some physiologists these bodies are considered as the nuclei1 or vital points1 of the medulla oblongata4 ,being closely connected with the nerves of special sensation1 ,dr4 ,solly supposed that they presided over the movements of the larynx4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,the ,corpora ,restiformia 7#e1 #e1 ,fig4 #ei7 are lateral and posterior rounded projections of whitish medulla1 which pass upward to the cerebellum and form the crura cerebelli1 so called because they resemble a leg4 ,the filaments of the pneumogastric nerve originate in the ganglia of these parts4 ,the ,posterior ,pyramids are much smaller than the other columns of the medulla oblongata4 ,they are situated 7#d1 #d1 ,fig4 #ei7 upon the margin of the posterior fissures in contact with each other4 ,the functions of the medulla oblongata1 which begin with the earliest manifestations of life1 are of an instinctive character4 ,if the cerebellum and cerebrum of a dove be removed1 the bird will make no effort to procure food1 but if a crumb of bread be placed in its bill1 it is swallowed naturally and without any special effort4 ,so also in respiration the lungs continue to act after the intercostal muscles are paralyzed2 if the diaphragm loses its power1 suffocation is the result1 but there is still a convulsive movement of the lungs for sometime1 indicating the continued action of the medulla oblongata4 ,the ,cerebellum1 or little brain1 is situated in the posterior chamber of the skull1 beneath the tentorium1 a tent-like process of the dura mater which separates it from the cerebrum4 ,it is convex1 with a transverse diameter of between three and one-half and four inches1 and is little more than two inches in thickness4 ,it is divided on its upper and lower surfaces into two lateral hemispheres1 by the superior and inferior vermiform processes1 and behind by deep notches4 ,the cerebellum is composed of gray and white matter1 the former being darker than that of the cerebrum4 ,from the beautiful arrangement of tissue1 this organ has been termed the arbor vitae4 ,the peduncles of the cerebellum1 the means by which it communicates with the other portions of the brain1 are divided into three pairs1 designated as the superior1 middle and inferior4 ,the first pass upward and forward until they are blended with the tubercles of the corpora quadrigemina4 ,the second are the crura cerebelli1 which unite in two large fasciculi1 or pyramids1 and are finally lost in the pons varolii4 ,the inferior peduncles are the corpora restiformia1 previously described1 and consist of both sensory and motor filaments4 ,some physiologists suppose that the cerebellum is the source of that harmony or associative power which co-ordinates all voluntary movements1 and effects that delicate adjustment of cause to effect1 displayed in muscular action4 ,this fact may be proved by removing the cerebellum of a bird and observing the results1 which are an uncertainty in all its movements1 and difficulty in standing1 walking1 or flying1 the bird being unable to direct its course4 ,in the animal kingdom we find an apparent correspondence between the size of the cerebellum and the variety and extent of the movements of the animal4 ,instances are cited1 however1 in which no such proportion exists1 and so the matter is open to controversy4 ,the general function of the cerebellum1 therefore1 cannot be explained1 but the latest experiments in physiological and anatomical science seem to favor the theory that it is in some way connected with the harmony of the movements4 ,this co-ordination1 by which the adjustment of voluntary motion is supposed to be effected1 is not in reality a faculty having its seat in the brain substance1 but is the harmonious action of many forces through the cerebellum4 ,the ,cerebrum occupies five times the space of all the other portions of the brain together4 ,it is of an ovoid form1 and becomes larger as it approaches the posterior region of the skull4 ,a longitudinal fissure covered by the dura mater separates the cerebrum into two hemispheres1 which are connected at the base of the fissure1 by a broad medullary band1 termed the corpus callosum4 ,each hemisphere is subdivided into three lobes4 ,the anterior gives form to the forehead1 the middle rests in the cavity at the base of the skull1 and the posterior lobe is supported by the tentorium1 by which it is separated from the cerebellum beneath4 ,one of the most prominent characteristics of the cerebrum is its many and varied convolutions ,these do not correspond in all brains1 nor even on the opposite sides of the same brain1 yet there are certain features of similarity in all2 accordingly1 anatomists enumerate four orders of convolutions4 ,the first order begins at the substantia perforata and passes upward and around the corpus callosum toward the posterior margin of that body1 thence descends to the base of the brain1 and terminates near its origin4 ,the second order originates from the first1 and subdivides into two convolutions1 one of which composes the exterior margin and superior part of the corresponding hemisphere1 while the other forms the circumference of the fissure of ,sylvius4 ,the third order1 from six to eight in number1 is found in the interior portion of the brain1 and inosculates between the first and second orders4 ,the fourth is found on the outer surface of the hemisphere1 in the space between the sub-orders of the second clasp4 ,a peculiar fact relating to these convolutions is observed by all anatomists3 mental development is always accompanied by an increasing dissimilarity between their proportional size4 ,the cerebral hemispheres may be injured or lacerated without any pain to the patient4 ,the effect seems to be one of stupefaction without sensation or volition4 ,a well-developed brain is a very good indication of intelligence and mental activity4 ,that the cerebrum is the seat of the reasoning powers1 and all the higher intellectual functions1 is proved by three facts4 7#a47 ,if this portion of the brain is removed1 it is followed by the loss of intelligence4 7#b47 ,if the human cerebrum is injured1 there is an impairment of the intellectual powers4 7#c47 ,in the animal kingdom1 as a rule1 intelligence corresponds to the size of the cerebrum4 ,this general law of development is modified by differences in the cerebral texture4 ,men possessing comparatively small brains may have a vast range of thought and acute reasoning powers4 ,anatomists have found these peculiarities to depend upon the quantity of gray matter which enters into the composition of the brain4 ,in the cerebro-spinal system there are three different kinds of reflex actions4 7#a47 ,those of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata are performed without any consciousness or sensation on the part of the subject4 7#b47 ,the second class embraces those of the tuber annulare1 where the perception gives rise to motion without the interference of the intellectual faculties4 ,these are denominated purely instinctive reflex actions1 and include all those operations of animals which seem to display intelligent forethought2 thus1 the beaver builds his habitation over the water1 but not a single apartment is different from the beaver homestead of a thousand years ago2 there is no improvement1 no retrogression4 ,trains of thought have been termed a third class of reflex actions4 ,it is evident that the power of reasoning is1 in a degree1 possessed by some of the lower-animals3 for instance1 a tribe of monkeys on a foraging expedition will station guards at different parts of the field1 to warn the plunderers of the approach of danger4 ,a cry from the sentinel1 and general confusion is followed by retreat4 ,reason only attains its highest development in man1 in whom it passes the bounds of ordinary existence1 and1 with the magic wand of love1 reaches outward into the vast unknown1 lifting him above corporeal being1 into an atmosphere of spiritual and divine ,truth4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fj4 ,section of the brain and an ideal view of the pneumogastric nerve on one side1 with its branches1 a4 ,vertical section of the cerebrum4 b4 ,section of the cerebellum1 c4 ,corpus callosum4 d4 ,lower section of medulla oblongata4 ,above d1 origin of the pneumogastric nerve4 #a4 ,pharyngeal branch4 #b4 ,superior laryngeal4 #e4 ,branches to the lungs4 #d4 ,branches to the liver4 #f4 ,branches to the stomach4 ,,the ,,cranial ,,nerves4 ,from the brain1 nerves are given off in pairs1 which succeed one another from in front backwards to the number of twelve4 ,the first pair1 the olfactory nerves1 are the nerves of the sense of smell4 ,the second pair are the optic1 or the nerves of the sense of sight4 ,the third pair are called the motores oculi1 the movers of the eye1 from the fact that they are distributed to all the muscles of the eye with the exception of two4 ,the fourth pair and the sixth pair each supply one of the muscles of the eye1 on each side1 the fourth extending to the superior oblique muscle1 and the sixth to the external rectus muscle4 ,the nerves of the fifth pair are very large2 they are each composed of two bundles of filaments1 one motor and the other sensory1 and have1 besides1 an additional resemblance to a spinal nerve by having a ganglion on each of their sensory roots1 and1 from the fact that they have three chief divisions1 are often called the trigeminal1 or trifacial1 nerves4 ,they are nerves of special sense1 of sensation1 and of motion4 ,they are the sensitive nerves which supply the cranium and face1 the motor nerves of the muscles of mastication1 the buccinator and the masseter1 and their third branches1 often called the gustatory1 are distributed to the front portion of the tongue1 and are two of the nerves of the special sense of taste4 ,the seventh pair1 called also the facial nerves1 are the motor nerves of the muscles of the face1 and are also distributed to a few other muscles2 the eighth pair1 termed the auditory nerves1 are the nerves of the special sense of hearing4 ,as the seventh and eighth pairs of nerves emerge from the cavity of the skull together1 they are frequently classed by anatomists as one1 divided into the facial1 or portio dura1 as it is sometimes called1 and the auditory1 or portio mollis4 ,the ninth pair1 called the glosso-pharyngeal1 are mixed nerves1 supplying motor filaments to the pharyngeal muscles and filaments of the special sense of taste to the back portion of the tongue4 ,the tenth pair1 called the pneumogastric1 or par vagum1 are very important nerves1 and are distributed to the larynx1 the lungs1 the heart1 the stomach1 and the liver1 as shown in ,fig4 #fj4 ,this pair and the next are the only cerebral nerves which are distributed to parts of the body distant from the head4 ,the eleventh pair1 also called spinal accessory1 arise from the sides of the spinal marrow1 between the anterior and posterior roots of the dorsal nerves1 and run up to the medulla oblongata1 and leave the cranium by the same aperture as the pneumogastric and glosso-pharyngeal nerves4 ,they supply certain muscles of the neck1 and are purely motor4 ,as the glosso-pharyngeal1 pneumogastric1 and spinal accessory nerves leave the cranium together1 they are by some anatomists counted as the eighth pair4 ,the twelfth pair1 known as the hypoglossal1 are distributed to the tongue1 and are the motor nerves of that organ4 ,,the ,,great ,,sympathetic4 ,a double chain of nervous ganglia extends from the superior to the inferior parts of the body1 at the sides and in front of the spinal column1 and is termed1 collectively1 the system of the great sympathetic4 ,these ganglia are intimately connected by nervous filaments1 and communicate with the cerebro-spinal system by means of the motor and sensory filaments which penetrate the sympathetic4 ,the nerves of this system are distributed to those organs over which conscious volition has no direct control4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,course and distribution of the great ,sympathetic ,nerve ,four of the sympathetic centers1 situated in the front and lower portions of the head1 are designated as the ophthalmic1 spheno-palatine1 submaxillary and otic ganglia4 ,the first of these1 as its name indicates1 is distributed to the eye1 penetrates the sclerotic membrane 7the white1 opaque portion of the eyeball1 with its transparent covering71 and influences the contraction and dilation of the iris4 ,the second division is situated in the angle formed by the sphenoid and maxillary bone1 or just below the ear4 ,it sends motor and sensory filaments to the palate1 and velum palati4 ,its filaments penetrate the carotid plexus1 are joined by others from the motor roots of the facial nerve and the sensory fibres of the superior maxillary4 ,the third division is located on the submaxillary gland4 ,its filaments are distributed to the sides of the tongue1 the sublingual1 and submaxillary glands4 ,the otic ganglion is placed below the base of the skull1 and also connects with the carotid plexus4 ,its filaments of distribution supply the internal muscles of the malleus1 the largest bones of the tympanum1 the membranous linings of the tympanum and the eustachian tube4 ,three ganglia1 usually designated as the superior1 middle1 and inferior1 connect with the cervical and spinal nerves4 ,their interlacing filaments are distributed to the muscular walls of the larynx1 pharynx1 trachea1 and esophagus1 and also penetrate the thyroid gland4 ,the use of this gland is not accurately known4 ,it is composed of a soft1 brown tissue1 and consists of lobules contained in lobes of larger size4 ,it forms a spongy covering for the greater portion of the larynx1 and the first section of the trachea4 ,that it is an important organ1 is evident from the fact that it receives four large arteries1 and filaments from two pairs of nerves4 ,the sympathetic ganglia of the chest correspond in number with the terminations of the ribs1 over which they are situated4 ,each ganglion receives two filaments from the intercostal nerve1 situated above it1 thus forming a double connection4 ,the thoracic ganglia supply with motor fibres that portion of the aorta which is above the diaphragm1 the esophagus1 and the lungs4 ,in the abdomen the sympathetic centers are situated upon the coeliac artery1 and are termed1 collectively1 the semilunar coeliac ganglion4 ,numerous inosculating branches radiate from this center and are called1 from the method of their distribution1 the solar plexus4 ,from this1 also1 originate other plexi which are distributed to the stomach1 liver1 kidneys1 intestines1 spleen1 pancreas1 supra-renal glands1 and to the organs of generation4 ,four other pairs of abdominal ganglia connected with1 the lumbar branches are united by filaments to form the semilunar ganglion4 ,the sympathetic ganglia of the pelvis consist of five pairs1 which are situated upon the surface of the sacrum4 ,at the extremity of the spinal column this system terminates in a single knot1 designated as the ganglion impar4 ,owing to the position of the sympathetic ganglia1 deeply imbedded in the tissues of the chest and abdomen1 it is exceedingly difficult to subject them to any satisfactory experiments4 ,a few isolated facts form the basis of all our knowledge concerning their functions4 ,they give off both motor and sensory filaments4 ,the contraction of the iris is one of the most familiar examples of the action of the sympathetic system4 ,in the reflex actions of the nerves of special sense1 the sensation is transmitted through the cerebro-spinal system1 and the motor impulse is sent to the deep-seated muscles by the sympathetic system4 ,physiologists enumerate three kinds of reflex actions1 which are either purely sympathetic1 or partially influenced by the cerebro-spinal system4 ,dr4 ,dalton describes them as follows3 ,first4--,reflex actions taking place from the internal organs1 through the sympathetic and cerebro-spinal systems1 to the voluntary muscles and sensitive surfaces4--,the convulsions of young children are often owing to the irritation of undigested food in the intestinal canal4 ,attacks of indigestion are also known to produce temporary amaurosis blindness1 double vision1 strabismus1 and even hemiplegia4 ,nausea1 and a diminished or capricious appetite1 are often prominent symptoms of early pregnancy1 induced by the peculiar condition of the uterine mucous membrane4 ,second4--,reflex actions taking place from the sensitive surfaces1 through the cerebro-spinal and sympathetic systems to the involuntary muscles and secreting organs4--,imprudent exposure of the integument to cold and wet1 will often bring on a diarrhea4 ,mental and moral impressions1 conveyed through the special senses1 will affect the motions of the heart1 and disturb the processes of digestion and secretion4 ,terror1 or an absorbing interest of any kind1 will produce a dilatation of the pupil1 and communicate in this way a peculiarly wild and unusual expression to the eye4 ,disagreeable sights or odors1 or even unpleasant occurrences1 are capable of hastening or arresting the menstrual discharge1 or of inducing premature delivery4 ,third4--,reflex actions taking place through the sympathetic system from one part of the body to another4--,the contact of food with the mucous membrane of the small intestine excites a peristaltic movement in the muscular coat4 ,the mutual action of the digestive1 urinary1 and internal generative organs upon each other takes place entirely through the medium of the sympathetic ganglia and their nerves4 ,the variation of the capillary circulation in different abdominal viscera1 corresponding with the state of activity or repose of their associated organs1 are to be referred to a similar nervous influence4 ,these phenomena are not accompanied by any consciousness on the part of the individual1 nor by any apparent intervention of the cerebro-spinal system4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,special ,,senses4 ,,sight4 ,the eye is the organ through which we perceive1 by the agency of light1 all the varied dimensions relations1 positions1 and visible qualities of external objects4 ,the number1 position1 and perfection of the eyes1 vary remarkably in different orders1 in many instances corresponding to the mode of life1 habitation1 and food of the animal4 ,a skillful anatomist may ascertain by the peculiar formation of the eye1 without reference to the general physical structure1 in what element the animal lives4 ,sight is one of the most perfect of the senses1 and reveals to man the beauties of creation4 ,the aesthetic sentiment is acknowledged to be the most refining element of civilized life4 ,painting1 sculpture1 architecture1 and all the scenes of nature1 from a tiny way-side flower to a ,niagara1 are subjects in which the poet's eye sees rare beauties to mirror forth in the rhythm of immortal verse4 ,in the vertebrates1 the organs of vision are supplied with filaments from the second pair of cranial nerves4 ,in mammalia1 the eyes are limited to two in number1 which in man are placed in circular cavities of the skull1 beneath the anterior lobes of the cerebrum4 ,three membranes form the lining of this inner sphere of the eye1 called respectively the ,sclerotic1 ,choroid1 and ,retina4 ,the ,sclerotic1 or outer covering1 is the white1 firm membrane1 which forms the larger visible portion of the eyeball4 ,it is covered in front by a colorless1 transparent segment1 termed the cornea1 which gives the eye its lustrous appearance4 ,within the sclerotic1 and lining it throughout1 is a thin1 dark membrane termed the ,choroid4 ,behind the cornea it forms a curtain1 called the iris1 which gives to the eye its color4 ,the muscles of the iris contract or relax according to the amount of light received1 thus enlarging or diminishing the size of the circular opening called the pupil4 ,the ,retina is formed by the optic nerve1 which penetrates the sclerotic and choroid and spreads out into a delicate1 grayish1 semi-transparent membrane4 ,the retina is one of the most essential organs of vision1 and consists of two layers4 ,a spheroidal1 transparent body1 termed the crystalline lens1 is situated directly behind the pupil4 ,it varies in density1 increasing from without inward1 and forms a perfect refractor of the light received4 ,the space in front of the crystalline lens is separated by the iris into two compartments called respectively the anterior and posterior chambers4 ,the fluid contained within them1 termed the aqueous humor1 is secreted by the cornea1 iris1 and ciliary processes4 ,the space behind the crystalline lens is occupied by a fluid1 called the vitreous humor4 ,this humor is denser than the other fluids and has the consistency of jelly1 being perfectly transparent4 ,the function of the crystalline lens is to produce distinct perception of form and outline4#c ,the transparent humors of the eye also contribute to the same effect1 but only act as auxiliaries to the lens4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,the figure on the next page represents the course of the rays of light proceeding from an object a b1 refracted by the lens1 and forming the inverted image x y on the screen4 ,all rays of light proceeding from b are concentrated at y1 and those proceeding from a converge at x4 ,rays of light emanating from the center of the object a b pursue a parallel course1 and form the center of the image4 ,rays of light passing through a double convex lens converge at a point called the focus4 ,in the organ of vision1 if perfect1 the focus is on the retina1 which serves as a screen to receive the image or impression4 ,we have a distinct perception of the outline of a distant hill1 and also of a book lying before us4 ,the rays of light we receive from these objects cannot have the same focus4 ,how1 then1 can we account for the evident accommodation of the eye to the varying distances8 ,various theories have been advanced to explain this adjustment2 such as changes in the curvature of the cornea and lens2 a movement of the lens1 or a general change in the form of the eyeball1 by which the axis may be lengthened or shortened4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,two facts comprise all the positive knowledge which we possess on this subject4 ,every person is conscious of a muscular effort in directing the eye to a near object as a book1 and of fatigue1 if the attention is prolonged4 ,if1 now1 the eyes be directed to a distant object1 there will result a sense of rest1 or passiveness4 ,by various experiments it has been proved that the accommodation or adjustment of the eye for near objects requires a muscular effort1 but for distant objects the muscles are in an essentially passive condition4 ,an increase in the convexity of the crystalline lens is now admitted to be necessary for a distinct perception of near objects4 ,we may give two simple illustrations1 cited by ,dr4 ,dalton in his recent edition of ,human ,physiology4 ,if a candle be held near the front of an eye which is directed to a distant object1 three reflected images of the flame will be seen in the eye1 one on each of the anterior surfaces of the cornea and lens1 and a third on the posterior surface of the latter4 ,if the eye is directed to a near object1 the reflection on the cornea remains unchanged1 while that on the anterior surface of the lens gradually diminishes and approximates in size the reflection on the cornea1 thus giving conclusive evidence that1 in viewing a near object1 the anterior surface of the crystalline lens become more convex1 and at the same time approaches the cornea4 ,five or six inches is the minimum limit of the muscular adjustment of the eye4 ,from that point to all the boundless regions of space1 to every star and nebulae which send their rays to our planet1 human vision can reach4 ,it is the sense by which we receive knowledge of the myriads of worlds and suns which circle with unfailing precision through infinite space4 ,,hearing4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,internal and external ear4 #a4 ,external ear4 #b4 ,internal auditory meatus4 #c4 ,tympanum4 #d4 ,labyrinth4 #e4 ,eustachian tube4 ,hearing depends upon the sonorous vibrations of the atmosphere4 ,the waves of sound strike the sensitive portions of the ear1 and their impressions upon the auditory nerves are termed the sensations of hearing4 ,the ear is divided into three parts1 called respectively the ,external1 ,middle1 and ,internal ear4 ,the external organs of hearing are two in number1 and placed on opposite sides of the head4 ,in most of the higher order of vertebrates1 they are so situated as to give expression and proportion to the facial organs1 and1 at the same time1 to suit the requirements of actual life4 ,the ,external ear is connected with the interior part by a prolongation of its orifice1 termed the external auditory meatus4 ,in man1 this gristly portion of the auditory apparatus is about one inch in length1 lined by a continuation of the integument of the ear1 and has numerous hairs on its surface1 to prevent the intrusion of foreign substances4 ,between the external ,,meatus and the cavity of the middle ear is the membrana tympani1 which is stretched across the opening like the head of a drum4 ,the tympanum1 or ear-drum1 communicates with the pharynx by the eustachian tube1 which is a narrow passage lined with delicate1 ciliated epithelium4 ,on the posterior portion it is connected with the mastoid cells4 ,three small bones are stretched across the cavity of the tympanum1 and called1 from their form1 the malleus1 incus and stapes1 or the hammer1 anvil1 and stirrup4 ,agassiz mentions a fourth1 which he terms the os orbiculare4 ,each wave of sound falling upon the membrana tympani1 throws its molecules into vibrations which are communicated to the chain of bones1 which1 in turn1 transmits them to the membrane of the foramen ovale4 ,the three muscles which regulate the tension of these membranes are termed the tensor tympani1 laxator tympani1 and stapedium tympani4 ,the ,labyrinth1 or ,internal ear1 is a complicated cavity1 consisting of three portions termed the vestibule1 cochlea1 and semi-circular canals4 ,the vestibule is the central portion and communicates with the other divisions4 ,the labyrinth is filled with a transparent fluid1 termed perilymph1 in which are suspended1 in the vestibules and canals1 small membranous sacs1 containing a fluid substance1 termed endolymph 7sometimes called vitrine auditive from its resemblance to the vitreous humor of the eye74 ,the filaments of the auditory nerve penetrate the membranous tissues of these sacs1 and also of those suspended at the commencement of the semi-circular canals4 ,these little sacs are supposed to be the seat of hearing1 and to determine1 in some mysterious way1 the quality1 intensity and pitch of sounds4 ,the determination of the direction of sound is a problem of acoustics4 ,some have contended that the arrangement of the semi-circular canals is in some way connected with this sensation4 ,but this supposition1 together with the theory of the transmission of sound through the various portions of the cranial bones1 has been exploded4 ,from the foregoing description1 it will be seen that the labyrinth and tympanum are the most essential parts of the organs of hearing4 ,in delicacy and refinement this sense ranks next to sight4 ,the emotions of beauty and sublimity1 excited by the warbling of birds and the roll of thunder1 are scarcely distinguishable from the intense emotions arising from sight4 ,it is a remarkable fact1 that the refinement or cultivation of these senses is always found associated4 ,those nations which furnish the best artists1 or have the highest appreciation of painting and sculpture1 produce the most skillful musicians1 those who reduce music to a science4 ,,smell4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fe4 #a4 ,frontal sinus4 #b4 ,nasal bone4 #c4 ,olfactory ganglion and nerves4 #d4 ,nasal branch of the fifth pair4 #e4 ,spheno-palatine ganglion4 #f4 ,soft palate4 #g4 ,hard palate1 a4 ,cerebrum1 b4 ,anterior lobes1 c4 ,corpus callosum4 d4 ,septum lucidum4 f4 ,fornix4 g4 ,thalami optici4 h4 ,corpora striata4 ,next in order of delicacy1 and more closely allied with the physical functions1 is the sense of smell4 ,delicate perfumes1 or the fragrance of a flower1 impart an exhilarating sensation of delight1 while numerous odors excite a feeling of disgust4 ,the organ of smell is far less complicated in its structure than the eye or the ear4 ,it consists of two cavities having cartilaginous walls1 and lined with a thick mucous coat1 termed the pituitary membrane1 over which are reflected the olfactory nerves4 ,particles of matter1 too minute to be visible even through the microscope1 are detached from the odorous body and come in contact with the nerves of smell1 which transmit the impressions or impulses thus received to the brain4 ,fig4 #fe shows the distribution of the olfactory nerves in the nasal passages4 ,the nose is supplied with two kinds of filaments which are termed respectively nerves of special and nerves of general sensation4 ,compared with the lower animals1 especially with those belonging to the carnivorous species1 the sense of smell in man is feeble4 ,the sensation of smell is especially connected with the pleasures and necessities of animal life4 ,,taste4 ,the sense of taste is directly connected with the preservation and nutrition of the body4 ,a delicious flavor produces a desire to eat a savory substance4 ,some writers on hygiene have given this sense an instinctive character1 by assuming that all articles having an agreeable taste are suitable for diet4 ,the nerves of taste are distributed over the surface of the tongue and palate1 and their minute extremities terminate in well developed papillae4 ,these papillae are divided into three classes1 termed1 from their microscopic appearance1 filiform1 fungiform and circumvallate4 ,the organ of taste is the mucous membrane which covers the back part of the tongue and the palate4 ,the papillae of the tongue are large and distinct1 and covered with separate coats of epithelium4 ,the filiform papillae are generally long and pointed and are found over the entire surface of the tongue4 ,the fungiform are longer1 small at the base and broad at the end4 ,the circumvallate are shaped like an inverted ,v and are found only near the root of the tongue2 the largest of this class of papillae have other very small papillae upon their surfaces4 ,it is now pretty satisfactorily established that the circumvallate1 or fungiform papillae are the only ones concerned in the special sense of taste4 ,the conditions necessary to taste are1 that the substance be in solution either by artificial means1 or by the action of the saliva2 and that it be brought in contact with the sensitive filaments imbedded in the mucous membrane4 ,the nerves of taste are both general and special in their functions4 ,if the general sensibility of the nerves of taste is unduly excited1 the function of sensibility is lost for some time4 ,if a peppermint lozenge is taken into the mouth1 it strongly excites the general sensibilities of taste1 and the power of distinguishing between special flavors is lost for a few moments4 ,a nauseous drug may then be swallowed without experiencing any disagreeable taste4 ,paralysis of the facial nerve often produces a marked effect in the sensibility of the tongue4 ,where this influence lies has not been fully explained2 probably it is indirect1 being produced by some alteration in the vascularity of the parts or a diminution of the salivary secretions4 ,,touch4 ,by the sense of touch1 we mean the general sensibility of the skin4 ,sensations of heat and cold are familiar illustrations of this faculty4 ,by the sense of touch1 we obtain a knowledge of certain qualities of a body1 such as form consistency1 roughness1 or smoothness of surface1 etc4 ,the tip of the tongue possesses the most acute sensibility of any portion of the body1 and next in order are the tips of the fingers4 ,the hands are the principal organs of tactile sensation4 ,the nerves of general sensibility are distributed to every part of the cutaneous tissue4 ,the contact of a foreign body with the back1 will produce a similar tactile sensation1 as with the tips of the fingers4 ,the sensation1 however1 will differ in degree because the back is supplied with a much smaller number of sensitive filaments2 in quality it is the same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,cerebral ,,physiology4 ,by means of the nervous system1 an intimate relation is maintained between mind and body1 for nervous energy superintends the functions of both4 ,the fibres of nervous matter are universally present in the organization1 uniting the physical and spiritual elements of man's being4 ,even the minutest nerve-rootlets convey impressions to the dome of thought and influence the intellectual faculties4 ,we recognize muscular force1 the strength of the body1 molecular force1 molecules in motion1 as heat1 light1 chemical force1 electricity1 and nervous force1 a certain influence which reacts between the animal functions and the cerebrum1 thus connecting the conditions of the body with those of the mind4 ,we cannot speak of the effects of mind or body separately1 but we must consider their action and reaction upon each other1 for they are always associated4 ,there are many difficulties in understanding this relationship1 some of which may be obviated by a study of the development of nervous matter1 and its functions in the lower orders of organization4 ,within the plant-cells is found a vital1 vegetable substance termed bioplasm1 or protoplasm2 which furnishes the same nutritive power as the tissues of the polyp and jelly fish4 ,many families of animals have pulpy bodies1 and slight instinctive motion and sensibility1 and in proportion as the nervous system is developed1 both of these powers are unfolded4 ,plants have a low degree of sensibility1 limited motion1 respiratory and circulatory organs4 ,animals possess quicker perceptions and sensibilities1 the power of voluntary motion1 and1 likewise a rudimental nervous system4 ,some articulates have no bony skeleton1 their muscles being attached to the skin which constitutes a soft contracting envelope4 ,one of the simplest forms of animal life in which a nervous system is found1 is the five-rayed star-fish4 ,in each ray there are filaments which connect with similar nerve-filaments from other rays1 and form a circle around the digestive cavity4 ,it probably has no conscious perception1 and its movements do not necessarily indicate sensation or volition4 ,in some worms a rudimentary nervous system is sparingly distributed to the cavities of the thorax and abdomen1 and1 as in the star-fish1 the largest nerve-filament is found around the esophagus1 presiding over nutrition4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,a higher grade of organization requires a more complete arrangement of nervous substance4 ,stimulus applied to one organ is readily communicated to1 and excites activity in another4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,a4 ,nervous system of a ,crab1 showing its ganglia4 ,b4 ,the nervous system of a ,caterpillar4 ,the nervous system of some insects consists of two long1 white cords1 which run longitudinally through the abdomen1 and are dilated at intervals into knots1 consisting of collections of nerve-cells1 called ganglia4 ,they are really nerve-centers1 which receive and transmit impulses1 originate and impart nervous influence according to the nature of their organic surroundings4 ,the ganglia situated over the esophagus of insects correspond to the medulla oblongata in man1 in which originate the spinal accessory1 glosso-pharyngeal1 and pneumogastric nerves4 ,the latter possess double endowments1 and not only participate in the operations of deglutition1 digestion1 circulation1 and respiration1 but are also nerves of sensation and instinctive motion4 ,the suspension of respiration produces suffocation4 ,in insects1 these ganglia are scarcely any larger than those distributed within the abdomen1 with which they connect by means of minute1 nervous filaments4 ,insects are nimble in their movements1 and manifest instinct1 corresponding to the perfection of their muscular and nervous systems4 ,when we ascend to vertebrates1 those animals having a backbone1 the amount of the nervous substance is greater1 the organic functions are more complex1 and the actions begin to display intelligence4 ,man possesses not only a complete sympathetic system1 the rudiments of which are found in worms and insects1 and a complete spinal system1 less perfectly displayed in fishes1 birds1 and quadrupeds1 but1 superadded to all these is a magnificent cerebrum1 and1 as we have seen1 all parts of the body are connected by the nervous system4 ,the subtle play of sensory and motor impulses1 of sentient and spiritual forces1 indicates a perfection of nervous endowments nowhere paralleled1 and barely approached by inferior animals4 ,this meager reference to brainless animals1 whoso knots of ganglia throughout their bodies act automatically as little brains1 shows that instinct arises simultaneously with the development of the functions over which it presides4 ,here begins rudimentary1 unreasoning intelligence4 ,it originates within the body as an inward1 vital impulse1 is manifested in an undeviating manner1 and therefore displays no intention or discretion4 ,while ,dr4 ,carpenter likens the human organism to a keyed instrument1 from which any music it is capable of producing can be called forth at the will of the performer1 he compares a bee or any other insect to a barrel organ1 which plays with the greatest exactness a certain number of tunes that are set upon it1 but can do nothing else4 ,instinct cannot learn from experience1 or improve by practice2 but it seems to be the prophetic germ of a higher intelligence4 ,it is nearly as difficult to draw the dividing line between instinct and a low grade of intelligence1 as it is to distinguish between the psychical and psychological#d functions of the brain4 ,the intimate relation of instinct to intelligence is admirably illustrated in the working honey-bee4 ,with forethought it selects a habitation1 constructs comb1 collects honey1 provides a cell for the ova1 covers the chrysalis1 for which it deposits special nourishment1 and is disposed to defend its possessions4 ,it is a social insect1 lives in colonies1 chastises trespassers1 fights its enemies1 and defends its home4 ,it manifests a degree of intelligence1 but its sagacity is instinctive4 ,reason1 though not so acute as instinct1 becomes1 by education1 discerning and keenly penetrative1 and reveals the very secrets of profound thought4 ,we recall the aptness of ,prof4 ,agassiz's remark3 ,there is even a certain antagonism between instinct and intelligence1 so that instinct loses its force and peculiar characteristics1 whenever intelligence becomes developed4 ,animals having larger reasoning powers manifest less instinct1 and some1 as the leopard1 exercise both in a limited degree4 ,this double endowment with instinct and low reasoning intelligence1 is indicated by his lying in ambush awaiting his prey1 the hiding-place being selected near the haunt of other animals1 where nature offers some allurement to gratify the appetite4 ,simple reflex action is an instinctive expression1 manifesting an intuitive perception1 almost intelligent1 as shown by the contraction of the stomach upon the food1 simply because it impinges upon the inner coats1 and thus excites them to action4 ,a better illustration1 because it displays sympathy1 is when the skin1 disabled by cold1 cannot act1 and its duties are largely performed by the kidneys4 ,though reflex action is easily traced in the lower organic processes1 some writers have placed it on a level with rational deliberation4 ,undoubtedly1 all animals having perception have also what perception implies--consciousness--and this indicates the possession1 in some degree1 of reason4 ,compound reflex action extends into the domain of thought4 ,simple reflex action1 or instinct1 answers to the animal faculties1 such as acquisitiveness1 secretiveness1 selfishness1 reproductiveness1 etc41 and accomplishes two important purposes2 self-preservation and the reproduction of the specie4 ,with many persons1 these appear to be the chief ends of life6 ,the psychical functions connect1 not only with animal propensities1 but also with the highest psychological faculties4 ,instinct is the representative of animal conditions1 just as the highest spiritual faculties are indicative of qualities and principles4 ,the consistent mean of conduct is an equilibrium between these ultimate tendencies of our being4 ,the psychological functions render the animal nature subservient to the rule of purity and holiness1 and deeply influence it by the essential elements of spiritual existence4 ,the psychical organs sustain an intermediate relation1 receiving the impressions of the bodily propensities1 and1 likewise1 of the highest emotions4 ,obviously1 these extreme influences1 the one growing out of animal conditions1 the other1 the result of spiritual relations1 pass into the psychical medium and are refracted by it1 or made equivalent to one force4 ,the body requires the qualifying influences of mind4 ,the tendencies of the animal faculties are selfish and limiting1 those of the emotive1 general1 universal4 ,the propensities1 like gravity1 expend their force upon matter2 the emotions pour forth torrents of feeling1 and produce rhapsodies of sentiment4 ,the propensities naturally restrict their expression to a specific object of sense2 the emotions respond to immaterial being4 ,the tendencies of the former are acquisitive1 selfish1 gratifying2 of the latter1 bestowing1 expanding1 diffusing4 ,the one class is restricted to the orbits of time and matter1 the other flows on through the limitless cycles of infinity and immortality4 ,the former is satiated in animal gratification1 the latter in spiritual beatification4 ,the one culminates in animal enjoyment1 the other expands to its ultimate conceptions in the perfections of ,divine ,love4 ,in the present life1 mind and body are intimately connected by nervous matter4 ,in this dual constitution1 the spiritual mental1 and animal functions are made inseparable1 and modify one another4 ,the ultimate tendencies of each extreme exist1 not absolutely for themselves1 but for qualifying purposes1 to establish a basis for the deeper economy of life4 ,by the employment of reason1 animal and spiritual experiences are mutually benefited1 and the consciousness rendered accountable4 ,the bodily and mental workings are in many senses one1 and help to interpret each other4 ,every fact of mind has many aspects4 ,a brain force1 which results in thought1 is simultaneously a physiological force1 if it influences the bodily functions4 ,likewise1 spiritual conceptions take their rise in the same blood that feeds the grosser tissues4 ,this vital fluid is momentarily imparting and receiving elements from all the bodily organs1 and these1 in turn1 must influence the process of thought1 and1 in a degree1 determine its quality4 ,the delicate outline1 yea1 even the substance of an idea1 may depend upon the condition of the animal organs4 ,thought is subject to the laws of biology1 and1 therefore1 is a symbol of health4 ,morbid conditions of the system hang out their signs in words and utterances4 ,words which express fear are as true symptoms of functional difficulty as is excessive palpitation4 ,the organ representing fear sustains a special relation to the functions of the heart both in health and disease4 ,bright hopes characterize pulmonary complaints as certainly as cough4 ,exquisite susceptibility of mind indicates equally extreme sensibility of body1 and those persons capable of fully expressing the highest emotions are especially susceptible to bodily sensations4 ,tears are physical emblems of grief1 and fellow-feeling calls forth sympathetic tears4 ,excessive anxiety of mind produces general excitability of body1 which soon results in chronic disease4 ,pleasurable emotions stimulate the processes of nutrition1 and are restorative4 ,this concomitance of mental and bodily states is very remarkable4 ,joy and ,love1 as well as jealousy and anger1 flash in the eye and mould the features to their expression4 ,grief excites the lachrymal1 and rage the salivary glands4 ,shame reddens the ears1 drops the eyelids1 and flushes the face2 but profligacy destroys these expressions4 ,the blush which suffuses the forehead of the bashful maiden betrays her love1 and maternal love1 stirred by the appeals of an idolized infant1 excites the mammary gland to the secretion of milk4 ,the sigh of melancholia indicates hepatic torpor1 thus showing a special relation between the liver and respiratory organs4 ,these conditions of mind and body react upon one another4 ,even the thought of a luscious peach may cause the mouth to water4 ,the thought of tasting a lemon fills the mouth with secretions1 and a story with unsavory associations may completely turn the stomach4 ,the relationship of mental and physical functions may be illustrated by entirely removing the spleen of an animal1 as that of a dog4 ,an invariable result of its extirpation is an unusual increase of the appetite1 for at times the animal will eat voraciously any kind of food4 ,the dog will devour1 with avidity1 the warm entrails of recently killed animals1 and thrive in consequence of such an appetite4 ,another symptom1 which usually follows the removal of the spleen1 is an unnatural ferocity of disposition4 ,without any apparent provocation1 the animal will attack others of its own1 or of a different species4 ,in some instances1 these outbursts of irritability and violence are only occasional1 but the experiments show quite conclusively that the spleen moderates combativeness1 restrains the appetite1 and co-operates with the will and judgment in controlling them4 ,we shall briefly consider the practical question whether the elements of mind can be ideally arranged and presented1 so as to more completely reveal their relations to1 and disclose their effects upon the bodily functions4 ,modern philosophers conceive that mind consists of a triad of essentials2 ,intellect1 ,emotion1 and ,volition4 ,physiologists assign to the cerebrum its functions1 and neurological1 as well as phrenological writers1 have located them as represented in ,fig4 #fh4 ,true1 there is no structural division between the parts of the cerebrum to indicate this diversity of function1 nor is there any perceptible limit between the sensory and motor filaments of the game nerve4 ,as no one has any reason for denying that separate portions of the brain may manifest distinct functions of the mind1 we shall assume it as a conceded proposition4 ,the regions of the cerebrum1 thus ideally represented1 occupy but little more than half of the arc of a circle1 whereas it is evident that the base of the nervous mass is not idle1 and is equally entitled to our consideration4 ,in the posterior chamber of the skull is the cerebellum1 anterior to1 and below which1 is the medulla oblongata1 connecting with the spinal cord and sympathetic system4 ,these various parts are essential to the harmonious blending of mind and body4 ,to this end1 two conditions are necessary4 7#a47 ,all the nervous forces must be so related that action and reaction may be fully established4 7#b47 ,a complete nervous circuit is requisite for the reciprocal influence of mind and body4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,nature answers to mind in physical correspondences4 ,the planetary system is fashioned after a circle4 ,life itself springs from a spherule of forces4 ,the perfection of an idea1 or the completeness of a conception may be expressed by a circle4 ,the elements of ,science1 ,astronomy1 ,geology1 and ,natural ,history1 are pictorially represented in this manner4 ,how appropriately and logically can a fragment of natural history1 this epitome of all nature and science--the mind--be illustrated by a simple circle6 ,every element must act and react1 and be equal and opposite4 ,thus may the existence of the opposing energies and functions of each faculty be equally represented4 ,the contrast aids us in understanding their ultimate tendencies1 and enables us to correctly value and define their nature4 ,faculties of kindred qualities may be grouped together1 and their antagonisms represented in the opposite arc of the circle4 ,let us employ a circle to represent mind4 ,the conception of the abstract quality of good1 requires contrast with one of a converse nature1 bad1 7see ,fig4 #fi74 ,opposite faculties may be portrayed in the same manner4 ,the functions of the cerebrum and spinal system may be symbolically represented as those of the highest and lowest organs1 thus giving rise to the positive and negative extremes of feeling4 ,the writer conceives of no other way in which the widely contrasted facts of human experience can be so perfectly symbolized4 ,good 7,fig4 #fi7 may represent moral faculties1 and bad1 their opposites4 ,undoubtedly1 nature is not so arbitrary in her arrangements as we are in shadowing forth our imperfect conceptions1 yet is not this a decided improvement in determining cerebral faculties and their relations8 ,we observe how scholars and philosophers confound the noblest and most exalted emotions with the animal propensities instead of distinguishing between them4 ,the emotions are a department of the feelings1 formed by the intervention of intellectual processes4 ,several of them are so characteristic that they can be known only by individual experiences2 as ,wonder1 ,fear1 ,love1 ,anger4 ,see ,logic3 ,deductive and ,inductive1 by ,alexander ,bain1 ,,ll4 ,d41 page #ejh1 7#ahgd74 ,this is not an exceptional1 but a common example of classifying ,love1 the highest and purest of the emotions1 with ,anger1 an animal propensity4 ,is it not more practical and philosophical to group the emotional faculties together1 and upon an opposite arc represent their antagonistic energies1 the ultimate tendencies of which are criminal8 ,both groups are mutually modifying and restraining2 the one relates instinctively to the bodily wants1 the other to the requirements of mind1 and each is essential to a consistent life4 ,accordingly1 we deem it philosophical to consider words as symbols of mental faculties1 and to classify together such spiritual unities as joy1 hope1 faith1 and love1 the tendencies of which are to quicken and transform the ultimates of carnal life into the rudiments of an immortal one1 the beginning of heaven on earth4 ,these restrain those opposites1 which lead to crime and death4 ,love and ,hate are as antagonistic as heat and cold1 and the usefulness of both depends upon their proper temperament4 ,fig4 #gj represents the antagonism of the ,intellectual faculties to the ,animal1 the ,emotional to the ,criminal1 the ,volitive to the ,enfeebling4 ,it is not essential to discover in the nerve-substance the precise power from which an impulse originates4 ,we may reasonably interpret the functions of the brain1 and yet be unable to disclose the duties of any ganglionic corpuscle composing it4 ,we may foretell what each season of the year will bring forth1 when we cannot forecast the history of a blade of grass or a single grain of any kind4 ,we may predict the amount of rain for a month1 and be unable to prognosticate correctly1 the character of any storm1 or give the history of a special drop of water4 ,although we cannot follow the movements of individuals in a battle1 yet we may predict the result of the combat2 and thus1 we judge of the functions of the brain without the ability to reveal the actions of one of the organic molecules of which it is composed4 ,we aim to give a general1 reasonable1 and popular description of cerebral functions and their bearing upon health and disease4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gj4 ,,regional ,,divisions4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,the anterior portion of the cerebrum is devoted to intellectual processes1 which freely expend the vital energies4 ,the ,intellectual faculties are classified as represented in ,fig4 #ga4 ,the lower portion of the brain1 bounded exteriorly by the superciliary ridge1 corresponds to the ,perceptive1 the middle region to the ,recollective1 and the upper to the ,reflective faculties4 7,see also ,fig4 #fe1 b47 ,if we divide the forehead by vertical lines1 as shown in ,fig4 #ga1 the divisions thus formed represent respectively1 the ,active1 ,deliberative1 and ,contemplative departments of the intellect1 all the processes of which are sustained by vital changes1 the transformation of organized materials4 ,no mental effort can be made without waste of nervous matter4 ,the gardener's hoe wears by use1 and so does every part of the animal organism4 ,otherwise1 nutrition would be unnecessary for the adult4 ,the production of thought wears away the cerebral substance4 ,in ordinary use1 the brain requires one-fifth of the blood to support its growth and repair4 ,great mental efforts are attended by a corresponding expenditure of vital treasures1 which are abstracted from the total forces available for the necessities of the system4 ,to repair the losses thus occasioned1 materials are appropriated from the blood1 which furnishes supplies in proportion to the demands made by the mental activities4 ,the production of thought wears away the gray matter of the cerebrum as surely as the digging of a canal wears away the iron particles of the spade4 ,the brain would soon wear out did not the nutritive functions constantly make good the waste4 ,the intellect1 whether engaged in observation1 generalization1 or profound study consumes the brain and blood1 hence intellectual activity implies ,,vital ,,expenditure4 ,expenditure is an emphatic word because all functions are essential to the production of this nerve-energy1 which returns to the system no equivalent4 ,physical exercise1 although attended by structural waste1 is advantageous to the circulation of the blood1 nutrition1 secretion1 and1 in fact1 beneficial to all the organic processes4 ,this is not true of vigorous and prolonged mental labor1 which is not attended by any of these incidental advantages4 ,if a child attends a school in which mental development supersedes physical culture1 an inordinate ambition sways the youthful mind1 and its baneful effects upon the health soon become manifest4 ,rigorous application of the intellectual faculties consumes the blood1 exhausts the vital forces1 weakens the organic functions1 while pallor covers the face1 and the eyes sparkle with a hectic radiance4 ,the family physician pronounces the condition ,anmia 7a deficiency of red corpuscles in the blood71 and this change in the quality of the blood is owing to the undue appropriation by the brain4 ,conversely1 if the blood be destroyed1 or its vitality reduced1 in the same proportion will the mental energies be weakened and all the functional powers of the physical system enfeebled4 ,in brief1 if the intellect be unduly exercised1 the red corpuscles of the sanguine fluid will be gradually destroyed1 and the serum allowed to predominate4 ,the blood becomes weak and watery1 the subject is nervous1 dropsical1 consumptive and derangement of the important functions follows almost invariably4 ,excessive intellectual activity often produces weak state of the system1 and the person thus affected becomes languid1 spiritless1 and an easy prey to disease4 ,this mental cause and its bodily results may be classified in the following order4 ,mental ,cause3 ,,excessive ,,mental ,,exertion1 which produces waste of the brain substance and blood4 _/ ,,vital ,,expenditure1 ,bodily results3 ,,an,,mia1 ,a ,,weak ,,condition4 ,this kind of waste is best summed up in the words1 ,,vital ,,expenditure4 ,upon the forehead1 as represented in ,fig4 #gb1 we will therefore inscribe ,,intellect1 ,,activity1 and ,,vital ,,expenditure4 ,intellectual employment is usually accompanied by sedentary habits1 neglect of healthful exercise1 and a deprivation of pure air1 to all of which ill health may be attributed4 ,were the intellectual expenditure arrested1 and the forces turned into recuperative channels1 many a person would become beautiful with the ruddy glow of health4 ,without health there is no use for thought2 cultivation of the mind is just as natural and essential as the culture of the body1 and the trained development of both is needed for mutual improvement4 ,,emotive ,,faculties4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,what results follow the natural and the excessive exercise of the ,,emotive ,,faculties8 ,,as distinct organs of the body have diverse functions1 so1 in like manner1 different parts of the brain perform the separate operations of the mind4 ,it is easier to discriminate between the products of these dissimilar endowments than to determine the location of the faculties4 ,the intellect deals with concrete subjects1 and the emotions with abstractions2 the intellect is exercised with material things1 the emotions dwell upon attributes2 the intellect considers the forces of matter1 the emotions1 the powers of the soul2 the former deliberates upon the truths of science1 the latter is concerned with duties1 obligations1 or moral responsibilities2 the first is satisfied only with new truths1 original ideas1 and rational changes1 the last rest securely on fundamental principles1 moral certainties1 and the absolute constancy of perfect love4 ,the intellectual faculties are wakeful1 questioning1 mistrustful2 the emotions are blind1 hopeful1 confiding2 the one reasoning1 exacting1 demonstrating2 the other1 believing1 inspiring1 devout4 ,the intellect sees1 the emotions feel2 and1 though these functions may blend1 the one can never supersede the other4 ,the quality of the emotional faculties is represented by ,benevolence1 ,sympathy1 ,joy1 ,hope1 ,confidence1 ,gratitude1 ,love1 and ,devotion1 all of which are the very antitheses of the attributes of animal feeling1 described as ,melancholy1 ,fear1 ,anger1 ,hate1 ,malevolence1 and ,despair4 ,to the emotions we refer the highest qualities of character1 while their opposites represent the animal or baser impulses4 ,true1 the emotions modify the propensities1 as sympathy softens grief4 ,they may subdue and refine the animal feelings1 and thus veil them with a delicacy characteristic of their own purity2 but the unrestrained influences of grief find vent in loud lamentations1 and the bitter disappointments of the selfish faculties are passionate and violent4 ,the ,emotive ,faculties--the organs of spiritual perceptions--are impersonal1 outflowing1 bestowing4 ,the function represented by ,benevolence1 is willing1 giving4 ,devotion expresses dedication1 consecration2 ,gratitude manifests a warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor4 ,the depth immense of endless gratitude4--,,milton4 ,love flames toward its object1 is out-pouring1 blessing2 indeed1 all the emotions are gushing1 effusive1 impetuous1 and profusely flowing2 grand1 torrent-like1 overwhelming2 employing ideal1 immaterial1 spiritual expressions1 developing principles and perfections while aspiring to happiness and immortality4 ,though beginning with humanity1 they embody the ,divine4 ,they expand to their ultimate conceptions in the sublime attributes3 the perfections of the ,god of ,love2 associating with mortality a divine destiny commencing on earth1 extending through time1 pausing not at the portals of death1 the gateway to eternity1 but flowing onward into the realms of eternal day4 ,we may consider their counteracting influences1 for1 without doubt1 by checking the selfish tendencies and restraining the animal propensities1 they assist in controlling the sensual passions1 and thus balance the mind and body4 ,such an equilibrium we call happiness4 ,if the emotions be acute and vehement1 they will absorb all other impressions and revel in their culminating and delightful experiences4 ,they exhaust all the bodily energies1 and a functional suspension1 termed ecstasy1 follows4 ,it is a swooning1 or fainting1 a temporary loss of sensation and volition1 accompanied by involuntary movements of the arms1 smiting of the hands1 sighing1 and short ejaculatory expressions of rapture4 ,this condition1 occasioned by excessive emotion1 as in praying1 singing1 exhortations1 and sympathetic appeals1 is contagious1 often spreading with mysterious rapidity4 ,its culmination1 ecstasy1 is popularly termed the power4 ,when gradually induced1 it is called trance1 and each state is regarded by many as supernatural1 caused by the immediate influence of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,the explanation is this3 when the emotive faculties are suddenly and powerfully excited1 they quickly expend the organic forces1 so that the individual swoons from sheer exhaustion4 ,undue expenditure of this class of brain functions not only consumes the bodily powers1 but exhausts and prevents other mental operations4 ,the sudden collapse of all voluntary functions resembles the fainting produced by blood-letting4 ,we may sum up this rapid expenditure of energy in one expressive word1 ,,exhaustion1 which results in ,ecstasy1 or trance1 and which1 if carried a degree further1 terminates in death4 ,beginning with the natural exercise of the emotions1 we may state the order of sequences thus3 ,ordinary exercise leads to ,,calmness4 ,proper exercise ,,happiness4 ,increased exercise ,,ecstasy4 ,excessive exercise ,,syncope4 ,prolonged exercise ,,trance4 ,fatal exercise ,,mortality4 ,their tendencies are ,,exhaustive4 ,,volitive ,,faculties4 ,what are the physiological and morbid results attending the ordinary and the immoderate exercise of the ,,volitive ,,faculties8 ,the generic term will1 comprehends those faculties1 the action of which is termed volition4 ,the faculties of the will are ,determination1 ,firmness1 ,decision1 ,ambition1 ,authority1 and ,vigilance1 all of which indicate strength and continuity of purpose4 ,bordering upon the emotions are ,patience and ,perseverance1 while adjoining the animal faculties are ,power1 ,coarseness1 and ,love of ,display4 ,the former exhibit moral1 the latter animal heroism4 ,a sense of power urges forward1 whether it be higher or lower1 just as the sense of greatness makes a man great by inspiring him with confidence to put forth exertion4 ,nature is truthful in her aspirations4 ,we know that courage1 assurance1 and conscious power are necessary for the fulfillment of purpose1 because intention precedes action4 ,will-power is an indication of ,,health1 and the constant exercise of these mental faculties exerts a steady1 regular1 and strengthening influence over the bodily functions4 ,we translate mental energies into physiological industry4 ,these faculties impart tone to the system1 sustain the processes of nutrition1 circulation1 assimilation1 secretion and excretion1 and their distinguishing characteristics are vigor1 tension1 and elasticity4 ,they temper each element of character1 as well as every vital act4 ,they infuse the organism with a resisting power which renders it proof against the influence of miasma and malaria1 and overcomes that passivity and impressionability so favorable to disease4 ,firmness expresses a physiological cohesiveness which strongly binds together the fibers of the tissues1 and renders the organization compact and powerful4 ,he1 who can skillfully employ these energies1 is already master of half of the diseases incident to mankind1 and wields an indispensable adjunct to medicine1 in the practice of the healing art4 ,it is the key to success1 for it unlocks difficulties and opens wide the door which leads to favorable results4 ,surplus energy sustains the circulation1 increases capillary action1 as if the excess of nerve-power were discharged from the distant extremity of each nerve and pervaded every tissue4 ,the voluntary muscles indicate their participation in this energy1 and1 indeed1 the whole organism is exalted by the influence of the mental faculties4 ,they oppose the tendencies of ,feebleness1 ,relaxation1 and ,derangement1 and modify their proclivities to ,disease4 ,the will is the servant of the intellect1 emotions1 and propensities1 and the executive agent of all the faculties4 ,when the volitive faculties are in excess1 they may overdo the other functions1 prematurely break down the bodily organs1 and1 by overtaxing the system1 subject it to pain and disorder4 ,,volitive ,,faculties4 ,the natural effect of ,,firmness is physiological stability4 ,the exercise of the volitive faculties displays both mental and bodily ,,energy4 _/ ,,temperance1 ,their tendencies are to ,,sanity1 ,,health4 ,,animal ,,faculties4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gc4 is a representation of the cranial conformation of ,alexander ,,vi41 exhibiting a full development of the conservative faculties4 ,his character1 according to history1 brought reproach upon the papal chair4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gd4 represents ,zeno1 a profound thinker and moral philosopher4 ,the contrast in their cranial developments was no greater than that of their lives4 ,under this generic term we will group those cerebral powers which are common to the inferior animals1 and closely allied to bodily conditions and necessities4 ,as denoting a group of animal faculties they relate not only to the organic functions and self-preservation1 but combat the action of the intellect1 oppose the evolution of new ideas1 resist investigation1 and discredit the value of truth4 ,adhesiveness1 being blindly conservative1 clings to old ideas and traditionary opinions4 ,the animal faculties tend to stifle investigation1 and put authority above truth and science4 ,having a fixity of nature1 a stationary attachment1 they treat all intellectual developments as absurd4 ,when these faculties predominate1 thought is obscured1 intolerance of disposition is manifested1 and mental progress is arrested4 ,thus they evince their conservative nature1 and1 since they relate to individual interests1 they represent the elements of instinct4 ,such are the functions of ,acquisitiveness1 ,secretiveness1 ,selfishness1 and ,combativeness1 as well as the ,generative powers4 ,if these faculties predominate1 all intellectual advancements are treated as experiments or theoretical novelties1 and rejected as evanescent and worthless4 ,if the promptings of these be followed1 there will be no innovation1 and the orthodoxy of the dark ages will remain the standard for all time4 ,the animal faculties coincide with ,lethargy1 ,sleep1 and ,nutrition1 thus favoring organic restoration4 ,the intellectual faculties are wakeful1 active1 irrepressible1 while the animal powers tend to repose1 sleep1 and renovation1 and thus suspend the activities of thought1 sense1 and motion4 ,the intellect expends the energy of the sensorial centers1 induces fatigue and suffering1 whereas the animal faculties overcome the vigils of thought1 and produce refreshing slumber4 ,dr4 ,young styles sleep tired nature's sweet restorer4 ,swedenborg declared that1 in sleep the brain folded itself up1 and the soul journeyed through the body1 repairing the wastes of the previous day4 ,when sleep is natural1 the insane are in a fair way to recovery1 the sick become convalescent1 ulcers granulate1 and lesions are made whole4 ,the animal faculties are skeptical1 stubborn1 and dogmatic1 readily combining with those of the violent class1 the ultimate tendencies of which are criminal4 ,they are likewise conceited1 assuming1 and clannish4 ,any person distinguished by them1 will cling to old associations1 perpetuate the status of existing parties1 be a stickler for creed1 ceremonies1 and stale opinions1 and adhere to ancient orthodoxy in medicine and religion4 ,the animal faculties1 since they are staid and regular1 are naturally antagonistic to genius1 sensibility1 and originality4 ,their mental tendencies have been fairly described and their physiological results may be represented as follows3 _/ ,,restraint1 _/ ,,sleep1 ,the animal faculties produce ,,nutrition1 ,,restoration1 ,,conservation4 ,,basilar ,,faculties4 ,the ultimate tendencies of the faculties1 represented by the posterior base of the cerebrum1 are violent and criminal4 ,being contiguous to the junction of the cerebrum and spinal system1 they are subject to the influence of animal experiences4 ,a large development of these faculties is indicated by an unusual breadth and depth of the back part of the base of the brain1 and a full1 thick neck1 both of which denote good alimentary and digestive powers4 ,active nutrition1 plethora of the circulation1 vigorous secretion1 a well developed muscular system1 a large heart and lungs1 are accessory conditions4 ,we do not associate corpulence or surplus of vitality with a long1 slender neck4 ,the character of cerebral manifestations is represented by the baser faculties of mind1 such as ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 ,desperation1 ,turbulence1 ,hatred1 and ,revenge4 ,if unrestrained1 these culminate in violent and criminal acts2 if regulated1 they are employed in personal defense4 ,when unduly excited1 they lead to dissipation1 obscenity1 swearing1 rowdyism1 and licentiousness2 when perverted1 they are the source of recklessness1 quarrels1 frauds1 falsehoods1 robberies1 and homicides4 ,they are unlike instinct1 inasmuch as they are not self-limiting4 ,the intimate relation which they sustain to the stomach and nutritive functions is strikingly displayed in the habit of alcoholic intoxication4 ,spirituous drinks deprave the appetite1 derange and destroy the stomach1 poison the blood1 and pervert all the functions of mind and body2 and their injurious influence upon the nerves and basilar faculties is equally remarkable4 ,they excite combativeness1 selfishness1 irritability1 and exaggerate the influence of the animal organs4 ,intemperance results in disputes1 fights1 brawls1 and murders--the legitimate consequences of which are misunderstandings1 suits at law1 criminal proceedings1 imprisonment1 and the gallows4 ,it is1 therefore1 evident that the ultimate tendencies of these faculties are tyrannical1 cruel1 violent1 and atrocious4 ,they are opposed to the noble1 moral faculties--,faith1 ,love1 and ,devotion--and1 whenever temptation inordinately allures1 the course of life is likely to be characterized by dishonorable1 deceptive1 and treacherous conduct4 ,the pangs of hunger cause soldiers to act more like ravenous beasts1 than rational beings4 ,it is animal instinct which impels the soldier to seek first for the gratification of his appetite4 ,some persons1 instigated by carnivorous desires1 yearn for raw meat1 and will not be satisfied unless their food is flavored with the flesh of animals4 ,their bodies increase and thrive1 even to repletion4 ,contrast these individuals with pale1 lean1 anmic people1 who crave innutritious articles of diet1 and eat soft stones1 slate1 chalk1 blue clay1 and soft coal4 ,such perversions of the appetite are manifested only when there is either a diminution in the volume of blood1 deficient alimentation1 defective assimilation1 or a general depravity of the nutritive functions4 ,morbid conditions generate vitiating tendencies and destroy the natural appetite4 ,while alcoholic stimulants affect the medulla oblongata principally1 opium acts chiefly on the cerebrum1 and excites reverie1 dreamy ideality1 optical delusions1 and the creative powers of the imagination2 some of these hallucinations are said to be grotesquely beautiful and enjoyable4 ,the effects of this agent differ from those of alcoholic intoxication by not deadening the moral sensibilities1 or arousing the animal propensities4 ,opium smokers are dreamy and abstracted1 not quarrelsome or violent4 ,those who use ardent spirits lose their moral delicacy1 their intellect becomes dull1 the reason cloudy1 and the judgment is overruled by appetite4 ,it is conceded that the trophic center is principally in the medulla oblongata2 the cerebellum and lower cerebral ganglia1 however1 favorably influence the nutritive functions1 and1 when these organs are large and active1 a plethoric condition is the natural consequence4 ,redundancy of blood in the body indicates preponderance of the basilar organs4 ,these faculties being vehement in character1 an excess of animal characteristics produces those conditions which result in acute and inflammatory diseases4 ,we may express these conditions of the system as follows3 ,the ,animal ,faculties correspond to the lower instinctive manifestations4 _/ ,,acquisitiveness1 ,the elements of character are ,,selfishness1 ,,combativeness ,they tend to _/ ,,turbulence1 ,,crime4 _/ ,,alimentation1 ,they relate especially to the ,,secretion1 functions of ,,nutrition1 ,,reproduction4 _/ ,,vitality1 ,a large development of them ,,plethora1 indicates ,,hyperaemia 7congestion74 ,these naturally give rise to the following diseases3 ,inflammation1 ,rheumatism1 ,gout1 ,convulsions1 etc41 which1 in these conditions1 pursue a violent course4 ,,region ,,of ,,feebleness4 ,although the middle lobe of the cerebrum1 at the base of the brain1 does not denote decided force of character1 or energy of constitution1 yet it has a certain sphere of normal action which is essential to the harmony of mind and body4 ,if this region is largely developed1 the constitution is languid1 inefficient1 sensitive1 and abnormally disposed4 ,but if it be deficient1 the volitive energies preponderate1 and there is a lack of those susceptibilities of constitution1 which prevent excessive waste4 ,the cerebral faculties are ,fear1 ,anxiety1 ,sensibility1 ,servility1 ,relaxation1 and ,melancholy1 and their excessive predominance indicates a weak1 vacillating1 irresolute character1 and the existence of those bodily conditions which produce general excitability and chronic derangement4 ,a full development of this portion of the brain indicates that the person is naturally dependent1 inferior1 and subservient to stronger characters4 ,such a one is fearful1 fretful1 complaining1 irritable1 dejected1 morose1 and1 sooner or later1 becomes a fit subject for chronic disease4#e ,the ultimate result of excessive fear1 excitability1 and irritability1 is functional or organic derangement1--the morbid conditions represented by the word ,disease4 ,the medulla oblongata and portions of the middle lobe of the brain1 the functions of which represent ,excitability1 ,anxiety1 ,fear1 and ,irritability 7symbols of physical profligacy71 are located just between the ears 7see ,fig4 #fj74 ,inferior animals distinguished for breadth between the ears are not only cunning and treacherous1 but very excitable and irritable4 ,the head of the ,fox is remarkable for its extreme width at the region of ,fear4 ,he is proverbially crafty and treacherous1 always excitable1 and so variable in temper that he can never be trusted4 ,he is a very timid thief1 exceedingly suspicious1 irregular in habits1 and frequently driven by hunger into mischievous depredations4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ge4 ,sly ,reynard ,the organ of alimentiveness1 located directly in front of the ear1 indicates the functional conditions of the stomach1 which1 when aroused by excessive hunger1 exerts a debasing influence upon this and all of the adjacent organs1 and is demoralizing to both body and mind4 ,in obedience to the instinct of hunger1 children will slyly plunder gardens and orchards1 displaying profligate1 if not reckless tendencies in the gratification of the appetite4 ,in this regional division we include the medulla1 the posterior and middle portions of which give rise to the pneumogastric nerve4 ,this nerve receives branches from the spinal accessory1 facial1 hypoglossal1 and the anterior trunks of the first and second cervical1 and its filaments are distributed to the lungs1 stomach1 liver1 spleen1 pancreas1 and gall bladder 7see ,fig4 #fj1 with explanation7 ,its agency is necessary to maintain the circulation1 and the respiration1 since1 as the medium of communication1 it conveys from the brain large supplies of nervous force to sustain these vital functions4 ,it likewise instantly reports the impressions of these physiological processes to the brain1 and especially to those parts which1 by analogy of functions4 ,it likewise instantly reports the impressions of these physiological processes of the brain1 and especially to those parts which1 by analogy of functions1 are intimately related to the stomach4 ,hence1 we observe that the conditions of the stomach give rise to reflex impulses1 which involuntarily excite the animal faculties to the gratification of the appetite4 ,that the stomach has an intimate connection with the rest of the organism is evident from the fact that when it is inflamed the body is completely prostrated4 ,we have already alluded to the perverting tendencies of alcoholic stimulants4 ,their peculiar influence upon the cerebellum causes the subject to reel and stagger1 as though a portion of that organ were removed2 the group of energetic faculties is stupefied1 and mental as well as corporeal lethargy is the result4 ,the reaction1 which inevitably follows1 is almost unbearable1 and relief is sought by repeating and increasing the poisonous draughts1 the primary influence of which is stimulating1 the ulterior1 depressing4 ,alcoholic stimulants unduly excite the nervous centers1 the heart1 and the arteries1 and1 consequently1 the blood is carried to the surface of the body1 where it counteracts the influence of cold and exposure1 the frequent attendants upon drunkenness4 ,the use of alcoholic beverages perverts the appetite1 interrupts habits of industry and destroys all force of character4 ,pecuniary1 physical1 and mental ruin1 therefore1 are sure to follow as the consequences of habitual1 alcoholic intoxication4 ,that ordinary alimentation1 which includes the process of digestion1 the subsequent vital changes involved in the conversion of food into blood1 and its final transformation into tissue1 causes mental languor and dullness1 as well as bodily exhaustion1 is attested by universal experience4 ,a torpid condition of the liver1 one of the most inveterate of chronic derangements1 is indicated by sullenness1 melancholy1 despondency1 loss of interest in the affairs of life1 sluggishness1 etc41 and the ultimate tendency of this morbid state is towards suicide4 ,a broad and deep development of the middle lobe of the brain1 shown by a fullness under the chin1 and of the adjacent portion of the neck1 denotes tendencies to somnambulism1 delirium1 and insanity4 ,if such characteristics of the organization do not culminate in mental derangement1 they exhibit childishness1 helplessness1 and great dependence4 ,age abates the vigor of the executive faculties1 and old people manifest not only bodily infirmities1 but the relaxing and enfeebling influences proceeding from the lower portions of the brain4 ,they totter about in their second childhood1 mentally and physically enervated4 ,those who become dissipated by the use of intoxicating beverages are not only weak1 trifling1 and foolish1 but walk with an unsteadiness which betrays their condition4 ,these illustrations show that this part of the brain is destitute of energy4 ,diseases of the digestive organs also indicate it4 ,cholera1 whether induced by invisible animalcules in the air1 or in water1 takes the route of the alimentary canal1 opens the vital gates1 and myriads of victims are swept down to death4 ,it proves remarkably fatal to those having this cerebral conformation4 ,perhaps enough has been said to indicate the relaxing and enfeebling tendencies of this region of the brain4 ,they may be classified as follows3 ,,region ,,of ,,feebleness4 _/ ,,servility1 _/ ,,cautiousness1 _/ ,,fear1 ,cerebral ,functions3 ,,anxiety1 ,,sensibility1 ,,cunning1 ,,profligacy4 _/ ,,atonic1 ,physiological conditions _/ ,,excitability1 and tendencies3 ,,relaxation1 ,,feebleness1 ,,disease4 ,this classification shows their tendencies to chronic disease1 functional derangement1 insanity1 and suicide4 ,,general ,,considerations4 ,before the structure of the brain was understood1 ,buffon spoke of it as a mucous substance of no great importance4 ,its functional significance was so slightly appreciated that some people hardly suspected they had any brains1 until an accident revealed their existence4 ,latterly1 however1 it is generally understood that the perfection of an animal depends upon the number and the development of the organs controlled by the nervous system1 the sovereign power of which is symbolized by a grand cerebrum1 the throne of ,reason4 ,that animal which is so low in the scale of organization as to resemble a vegetable1 belongs to an ascending series ending in man4 ,the lowest species have no conscious perception1 and their movements do not necessarily indicate sensation or volition4 ,instinct culminates in the ,articulates1 especially in ,insects2 while created intelligence reaches its acme in man1 the highest representative of the ,vertebrates4 ,all things by regular degrees arise-- ,from mere existence unto life1 from life ,to intellectual power2 and each degree ,has its peculiar necessary stamp1 ,cognizable in forms distinct and lines4--,,lavater4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gf4 ,outline of ,skulls4 #a4 ,european4 #b4 ,negro4 #c4 ,tiger4 #d4 ,hedge ,hog4 #e4 ,sloth4 ,man1 in the faculties of mind1 possesses more than a complement for instinct2 some of the lower animals1 however1 seem to share his rational nature1 and to a certain degree become responsible to him4 ,finally1 the manifestations of mind bear a relation to the development of cerebral substance1 and to the bodily organization which supplies the brain with blood4 ,fig4 #gf shows the relative amount of brain matter in the lower animals1 compared with that of man2 the peculiarities of each agreeing with its cerebral conformation4 ,it is easier to measure the capacity of skulls in different races than to procure and weigh their brains4 ,the following table has been published4 ,,cranial ,,capacity ,,of ,,human ,,races4 ,race4 ,,cubic ,,inches4 ,swedes144444444444444444 #ajj4jj ,anglo-,saxons1444444444444 #if4fj ,finns14444444444444444444 #ie4jj ,anglo-,americans1444444444 #id4cj ,esquimaux1444444444444444 #hf4cb ,north ,america ,indians1444 #hd4jj ,native ,africans1444444444 #hc4gj ,mexicans14444444444444444 #ha4gj ,american ,negros1444444444 #hj4hj ,peruvians and ,hottentots1 #ge4cj ,australians14444444444444 #ge4jj ,gorilla1 adult14444444444 #cd4ej ,idiot14444444444444444444 #bb4eg ,mr4 ,davis1 of ,england1 having a collection of about eighteen hundred cranial specimens obtained from different quarters of the globe1 ascertained the relative volume of brain in different races1 by filling the skulls with dry sand4 ,he found that the ,european averaged #ib cubic inches1 the ,oceanic #hi1 the ,asiatic #hh1 the ,african #hf1 the ,australian #ha4 ,dr4 ,morton1 of ,philadelphia1 had a collection of over one thousand skulls1 and his conclusions were that the ,caucasian brain is the largest1 the ,mongolian next in size1 the ,malay and ,american ,indian smaller1 and the ,ethiopian smallest of all4 ,the average weight of brain1 in #bgh ,europeans1 was #di4ej oz41 in #bd ,white ,american soldiers1 #eb4jf oz41 indicating a greater average for the ,american brain4 ,,ounces ,the brain of ,cuvier1 the celebrated naturalist1 weighed #fd4cc ,ruloff1 the murderer and linguist1 #ei4jj ,dr4 ,spurzheim--phrenologist1 #ee4jf ,celebrated philologist1 #dg4ij ,celebrated mineralogist1 #dc4bd ,upholsterer1 #dj4ia ,the weight of the human brain varies from #dj to #gj oz42 that of idiots from #ab to #cf #dj oz4 ,the average of #bgc male ,european brains was #di oz41 while that of #aia females was #dd oz4 ,if we compare the weight of the female brain with that of the body1 the ratio is found to be as #a3cf4df1 while that of the male is as #a3cf4ej2 showing that1 relatively1 the female brain is the larger4 ,it appears that neither the absolute nor relative size of the cerebrum1 but the amount of gray matter which it contains1 is the criterion of mental power4 ,although a large cerebrum is generally indicative of more gray matter than a small one1 yet it is ascertained that the grey substance depends upon the number1 and depth of the convolutions of the brain1 and the deeper its fissures1 the more abundant is this tissue4 ,it is this substance which is the source of thought1 while the white portion only transmits impressions4 ,we do not wish to underrate any attempt heretofore made to classify the functions of mind and assign to them an appropriate nomenclature4 ,it is not unusual for scientists to give advice to phrenologists and point out the fallacies of their system2 but it is hardly worth while to indulge in destructive criticism1 unless something better is offered1 as the day has passed for ridiculing endeavors to understand and interpret the physiology of the brain4 ,the all important question is1 not whether phrenologists have properly located and rightly earned all the faculties of mind1 but have their expositions been useful in the development of truth4 ,while endeavoring to connect each mental power with a local habitation in the brain1 the system of phrenology may be chargeable with some incongruous classification of the faculties1 and yet it has furnished an analysis of the mind which has been of incalculable service to writers upon mental philosophy4 ,phrenology1 in popularizing its views1 has interested thousands in their own organizations and powers1 who would otherwise have remained indifferent4 ,it has called attention to mental and bodily unities1 has served as a guide to explain the physical and psychical characteristics of individuals1 and has been instrumental in applying physiological and hygienic principles to the habits of life1 thus rendering a service for which the world is greatly indebted4 ,samuel ,george ,morton1 ,m4,d41 whose eminent abilities and scholarship are unquestionable1 employs the following language3 ,the importance of the brain as the seat of the faculties of the mind1 is pre-eminent in the animal economy4 ,hence1 the avidity with which its structure and functions have been studied in our time2 for1 although much remains to be explained1 much has certainly been accomplished4 ,we have reason to believe1 not only that the brain is the center of the whole series of mental manifestations1 but that its several parts are so many organs1 each one of which performs its peculiar and distinctive office4 ,but the number1 locality1 and functions of these several organs are far from being determined2 nor should this uncertainty surprise us1 when we reflect on the slow and devious process by which mankind has arrived at some of the simplest physiological truths1 and the difficulties that environ all inquiries into the nature of the organic functions4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gg4 ,side view of the brain of a ,cat4 ,a4 ,crucial sulcus dividing anterior convolutions4 ,b4 ,fissure of ,sylvius4 ,c4 ,olfactory bulb4 ,we may here allude to the recent experimental researches with reference to the functions of various portions of the brain1 prosecuted by ,dr4 ,ferrier1 of ,england4 ,he applied the electric current to different parts of the cortical substance of the cerebrum in lower animals which had been rendered insensible by chloroform1 and by it could call forth muscular actions expressive of ideas and emotions4 ,thus1 in a cat1 the application of the electrodes at point #b1 ,fig4 #gg1 caused elevation of the shoulder and adduction of the limb1 exactly as when a cat strikes a ball with its paw2 at point #d1 corrugation of the left eye-brow1 and the drawing inward and downward of the left ear2 when applied at point #e1 the animal exhibited signs of pain1 screamed1 and kicked with both hind legs1 especially the left1 at the same time turned its head around and looked behind in an astonished manner2 at point #f1 clutching movement of the left paw1 with protrusion of the claws2 at point #ac1 twitching backward of the left ear1 and rotation of the head to the left and slightly upward1 as if the animal were listening2 at point #ag1 restlessness1 opening of the mouth1 and long-continued cries as if of rage or pain2 at a point on the under side of the hemisphere1 not shown in this figure1 the animal started up1 threw back its head1 opened its eyes widely1 lashed its tail1 panted1 screamed and spit as if in furious rage2 and at point #bj1 sudden contraction of the muscles of the front of the chest and neck1 and of the depressors 7muscles7 of the lower jaw1 with panting movements4 ,the movements of the paws were drawn inward by stimulating the region between points #a1 #b1 and #f2 those of the eyelids and face were excited between #g and #h2 the side movements of the head and ear in the region between points #i and #ad2 and the movements of the mouth1 tongue and jaws1 with certain associated movements of the neck1 being localized in the convolutions bordering on the fissure of ,sylvius 7,b71 which marks the division between the anterior and middle lobes of the cerebrum4 ,dr4 ,ferrier made similar experiments on dogs1 rabbits1 and monkeys4 ,the series of experiments made on the brain of the monkey is said to be the most remarkable and interesting1 not only because of the variety of movements and distinctly expressive character of this animal1 but on account of the close conformity which the simple arrangement of the convolutions of its brain bears to their more complex disposition in the human cerebrum4 ,it is premature to say what import we shall attach to these experiments1 but they have established the correctness of the doctrine1 advanced on page #aje1 that thought1 the product of cerebral functions1 is a class of reflex actions4 ,the cerebrum is not only the source of ideas but also of those co-ordinate movements which correspond to and accompany these ideas4 ,certain cerebral changes call forth mental states and muscular movements which are mutually responsive4 ,they indicate that various functions are automatic1 or dependent upon the will1 and1 as we have seen1 experiments indicate that the electric current1 when applied to the cerebrum1 excites involuntary reflex action4 ,we cannot say how far these experimental results justify the phrenological classification of the faculties of mind1 by establishing a causative relation between the physical and psychical states4 ,this short and unsatisfactory account furnishes one fact which seems to support the claim of such a relation3 the apparent similarity between the motor center of the lips and tongue in lower animals1 and that portion of the human cerebrum in which disease is so often found to be associated with ,aphasia1 or loss of voice4 ,while these experiments are by no means conclusive in establishing a theory1 yet they favor it4 ,it is wonderful that nervous matter can be so arranged as not only to connect the various organs of the body1 but at the same time to be the agent of sensation1 thought1 and emotion4 ,it is amazing1 that a ray of light1 after traversing a distance of #ia1jjj1jjj miles1 can1 by falling upon the retina1 and acting as a stimulus1 not only produce a contraction of the pupil1 but excite thoughts which analyze that ray1 instantly spanning the infinitude of trackless space6 ,the same penetrative faculties1 with equal facility1 can quickly and surely discern the morbid symptoms of body and mind1 become familiar with the indications of disease1 and classify them scientifically among the phenomena of nature4 ,the symptoms of disease which follow certain conditions as regularly as do the signs of development1 and mind itself is no exception to this uniformity of nature4 ,thoughts result from conditions1 and manifest them as evidently as the falling of rain illustrates the effect of gravity4 ,the perceptive and highest emotive faculties of man depend upon this simple1 but marvelously endowed nervous substance1 which blends the higher spiritual with the lower physical functions4 ,the functions of the body are performed by separate organs1 distinguished by peculiar characteristics4 ,to elucidate the distinctions between dissimilar1 mental faculties1 we have assigned their functions1 with characteristic names1 to different regions of the head4 ,as they unquestionably influence the bodily organs1 we are sustained by physical analogy1 in our classification4 ,our knowledge of the structure and functions of the nervous system is yet elementary1 and we are patiently waiting for scientists to develop its facts1 and verify them by experimental investigations and such researches as time alone can bring to perfection4 ,while real progress moves with slow and measured foot-steps1 the inspirations of consciousness and the inferences of logic prepare the popular mind for cerebral analysis4 ,no true system can contradict the facts of our inner experience2 it can only furnish a more complete explanation of their relation to the bodily organs4 ,it should be expected that such careful and pains-taking experiments1 as are necessary to establish a science1 will be preceded by intuitive judgments and accredited observations1 which may be1 for a time1 the substitutes of those more abstruse in detail4 ,we have1 in accordance with popular usage1 treated the organs of thought as having anatomical relations4 ,the views which we have presented in this chapter may seem speculative1 but the facts suggesting the theory demand attention1 and we have attempted to gather a few of the scattered fragments and arrange them in some order1 rather than leave them to uncertainty and greater mystery4 ,it is by method and classification that we are enabled to apply our knowledge to practical purposes4 ,possibly1 to some1 especially the non-professional1 an allusion to the fact that cerebral physiology contributes to successful results in the practice of medicine1 may seem to be an exaggerated pretension4 ,none1 however1 who are conversant with the facts connected with the author's experience1 will so regard this practical reference1 for the statement might be greatly amplified without exceeding the bounds of truth4 ,physicians generally undervalue the nervous functions1 and overlook the importance of the brain as an indicator of the conditions of the physical system1 because they are not sufficiently familiar with its influence over the bodily functions4 ,pathological conditions are faithfully represented by the thoughts1 and words1 when used to describe symptoms1 become the symbols of feelings which arise from disease4 ,how few physicians there are who can interpret the thoughts1 and glean1 from the expressions and sentences of a letter1 a correct idea of the morbid conditions which the writer wishes to portray6 ,each malady1 as well as every temperament1 has its characteristics1 and both require careful and critical analysis before subjecting the patient to the influence of remedial agents4 ,in a treatise by ,dr4 ,j4,r4 ,buchanan1 entitled ,outlines of ,lectures on the ,neurological ,system of ,anthropology1 are presented original ideas pre-eminently useful to the physician4 ,his researches1 and those of later writers1 together with our own investigations1 have greatly increased our professional knowledge4 ,it is by such studies and investigations that we have been prepared to interpret1 with greater facility1 the indications of disease1 and diagnose accurately from symptoms1 which have acquired a deeper significance by the light of cerebral physiology4 ,we are enabled to adapt remedies to constitutions and their varying conditions1 with a fidelity and scientific precision which has rendered our success in treatment widely known and generally acknowledged4 ,we annually treat thousands of invalids whom we have never beheld1 and relieve them of their ailments4 ,this has been accomplished chiefly through correspondence4 ,when patients have failed to delineate their symptoms currently1 or have given an obscure account of their ailments1 we have been materially assisted in ascertaining the character of the disease by photographs of the subjects4 ,the cerebral conformation indicates the predisposition of the patient1 and enables us to estimate the strength of his recuperative energies4 ,thus we have a valuable guide in the selection of remedies particularly suited to different constitutions4 ,in the treatment of chronic diseases1 the success attending our efforts has been widely appreciated1 not only in this1 but in other countries where civilization1 refinement1 luxurious habits1 and effeminating customs1 prevail4 ,this fact is mentioned1 not only as an illustration of the personal benefits actually derived from a thorough knowledge of the nervous system1 but to show how generally and extensively these advantages have been shared by others4 ,a careful study of cerebral physiology leads us deeper into the mysteries of the human constitution1 and to the philosophical contemplation of the relations of mind and body4 ,self-culture implies not only a knowledge of the powers of the mind1 but also how to direct and use them for its own improvement1 and he who has the key to self-knowledge1 can unlock the mysteries of human nature and be eminently serviceable to the worlds ,for centuries the mind has been spreading out its treasury of revelations1 to be turned to practical account1 in ascertaining the constitution1 and determining better methods of treating disease4 ,since comparative anatomists and physiologists have revealed the structure of animals and the functions of their organs1 from the lowest protozoan to the highest vertebrate1 the physician may avail himself of this knowledge1 and thus gain a deeper insight into the structure and physiology of man4 ,an intimate acquaintance with the physical1 is a necessary preparation for the study of the psychical life1 for it leads to the understanding of their mutual relations and reactions1 both in health and disease4 ,consciousness1 or the knowledge of sensations and mental operations1 has been variously defined4 ,it is employed as a collective term to express all the psychical states1 and is the power by which the soul knows its own existence4 ,it is the immediate knowledge of any object whatever1 and seems to comprise1 in its broadest signification1 both matter and mind1 for all objects are inseparable from the cognizance of them4 ,hence1 the significance of the terms1 subjective-consciousness and objective-consciousness4 ,people are better satisfied with their knowledge of matter than with their conceptions of the nature of mind4 ,,the ,,nature ,,of ,,mind4 ,since this subject is being discussed by our most distinguished scientists1 we will conclude this chapter with an extract from a lecture delivered by ,prof4 ,burt ,g4 ,wilder1 at the ,american ,institute3 ,there now remains to be disposed of1 in some way1 the question as to the nature and reality of mind1 which was rather evaded at the commencement of the lecture4 ,the reason was1 that ,i am forced to differ widely from the two great physiologists whom ,i have so often quoted this evening4 ,most people1 following in part early instruction1 in part revelation1 in part spiritual manifestations1 and in part trusting to their own consciousness1 hold that the human mind is a spiritual substance which is associated with the body during the life of the latter in this world1 and which remains in existence after the death of the body1 and forms the spiritual clothing or embodiment of the immortal soul2 and that the individual1 therefore1 lives after death as a spirit in the human form2 that of this spiritual man1 the soul is the essential being1 of which may be predicted a good or evil nature1 while the mind1 which clothes it as a body1 consists of the spiritual substances1 affections1 and thoughts1 which were cherished and formed during the natural life4 ,together with the above convictions respecting themselves1 most people1 when thinking independently of theological sublimations1 feel willing to admit that animals have1 in common with man1 fewer or more natural affections and thoughts which make up their minds1 but that the inner and immortal soul1 which would retain them as part of an individual after death of the body1 is not possessed by the beasts that perish4 ,in short1 the vast majority of mankind1 when thinking quietly1 and especially in seasons of bereavement1 feel well assured of the real and substantial existence of the human mind1 independently of its temporary association with the perishable body4 ,but in antagonism to this simple and comforting faith1 stand theological incomprehensibilities on the one hand1 and scientific skepticism on the other4 ,the former would have us believe that the soul is a mere vapor1 a cloud of something ethereal1 of which can be expected nothing more useful than 'loafing around the ,throne1' while the latter asks us to recognize the existence of nothing which the eyes cannot see and fingers touch2 to cease imagining that there is a soul1 and to regard the mind as merely the product of the brain2 secreted thereby as the liver secretes bile4 ,let us hear what the two leading nervous physiologists1 of this country1 have to say upon this point3 ',the brain is not1 strictly speaking1 the organ of the mind1 for this statement would imply that the mind exists as a force1 independent of the brain2 but the mind is produced by the brain substance2 and intellectual force1 if we may term the intellect a force1 can be produced only by the transmutation of a certain amount of matter2 there can be no intelligence without brain substance4'--,,flint4 ',the mind may be regarded as a force1 the result of nervous action1 and characterized by the ability to perceive sensations1 to be conscious1 to understand1 to experience emotions1 and to will in accordance therewith4 ,of these qualities1 consciousness resides exclusively in the brain1 but the others1 as is clearly shown by observation and experiment1 cannot be restricted to that organ1 but are developed with more or less intensity1 in other parts of the nervous system4'--,,hammond4 ,thus do the two extremes of theology and science meet upon a common ground of dreamy emptiness1 and we who confess our comparative ignorance are comforted by the thought that some other things have been 'hid from the wise and prudent and revealed unto babes4' ,yet1 while feeling thus1 it must be admitted that the existence of spirit and of a ,creator do not yet seem capable of logical demonstration4 ,the denial of their existence is not incompatible with a profound acquaintance with material forms and their operations2 and1 on the other hand1 the belief in their existence and substantial nature1 and in their powers as first causes1 have never interfered with the recognition of the so-called material forces1 and of the organisms through which they are manifested4 ,at present1 at least1 these are purely matters of faith2 but although the ,spiritualist 7using the term in its broadest sense as indicating a belief in spirits71 may feel that his faith discloses a beauty and perfection in the union1 otherwise imperceptible by him1 there is no reason why this difference in faith should make him despise or quarrel with his materialist co-worker1 for the latter may do as good service to science1 may be as true a man1 and live as holy a life1 although from other motives4 ,the differences between religious sects are mainly of faith1 not of works1 and the wise of all denominations are gradually coming to the conviction that they will all do ,god more service by toleration and co-operation than by animosity and disunion4 ,and so ,i hold that1 until the spiritualist feels himself able to demonstrate to the unbeliever the existence of spirit and of ,god1 as convincingly as a mathematical proposition1 there should be no hard words or feelings upon these points4 ,for the present they are immaterial in every sense of the word2 and so long as he bows to the facts and the laws of ,nature1 and deals with his fellow men as he would be done by1 so long will ,i work with him1 side by side1 knowing1 even though ,i cannot tell him so1 that whether or not he joins me in this world1 we shall meet in the other world to come1 where his eyes will be opened1 and where his lips will at least acquit me of bigotry and intolerance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,human ,,temperaments4 ,organization implies vital energy1 since there can be no organization without it4 ,the sperm cell1 as we have previously seen1 exists before the initiation of the life of every individual organism4 ,the early history of this fertilizing cell1 which is composed of infinitesimal molecules which contain the embryo powers of life1 is only partially written4 ,it is a fact1 authenticated by ,faraday1 that one drop of water contains1 and may be made to evolve1 as much electricity as1 under a different mode of display1 would suffice to produce a lightning-flash4 ,chemical force is of a higher order than physical1 and vital force is of a still higher order4 ,within the microscopic compass of the sperm cell are a great number of forces acting simultaneously1 which require the answering conditions of a germ cell1 and are so blended as to occupy a minimum of space4 ,the union of these subtle elements through the agency of their physical1 chemical1 and vital forces1 constitutes the initiation of life4 ,elementary matter is transformed into chemical and organic compounds1 by natural forces1 upon the cessation of which1 it is liberated by nature's great destroyer1 and re-appears in the world of elements4 ,thus1 man is formed out of the very dust by means of energies which reconstruct the crude1 inert matter1 and to dust he returns when those energies cease4 ,when we enter upon the consideration of the temperaments1 we should bear in mind one peculiarity of life3 that it combines1 in a small space1 many complex powers4 ,in the process of reproduction1 there is a complex combination of organic elements4 ,structures differ as greatly as their functions4 ,so likewise do animals vary in their nature and organization1 and individuals of the same species are1 in some respects1 dissimilar4 ,yet the characteristics which have distinguished the races of mankind1 are fundamental and faithfully maintained4 ,time does not obliterate them4 ,within race-limits are found enduring peculiarities1 and1 although each individual is weaving out some definite pattern of organization1 it follows the type of the race1 as well as the more immediate1 antecedent condition4 ,what then is a ,temperament but a mixing together of these determining forces1 a certain blending manifested in the constitution by signs1 or traits1 which we denominate character4 ,the different races of mankind must have their several standards of temperament1 for the peculiarities of one are not fully descriptive of1 and applicable to the other4 ,the term temperament is defined by ,dunglison1 as being a name given to the remarkable differences that exist between individuals1 in consequence of the variety of relations and proportions between the constituent parts of the body4 ,for its simplicity and scope1 we prefer the following definition1 suggested by our friend1 ,orin ,davis1 ,m4,d43 ,a ,,temperament ,,is ,a ,,combination ,,of ,,organic ,,elements ,,so ,,arranged ,,as ,,to ,,characterize ,,the ,,constitution4 ,this leads us to consider some of the elements1 conditions and forces which give character to the organization4 ,external circumstances supply necessary conditions to inward activity1 for without air1 food1 or sunlight all living animals would perish4 ,everywhere1 life is dependent upon conditions and circumstances2 it is not self-generating4 ,but the conditions of reproduction are very complex4 ,external forces are transformed1 and1 in turn1 become vital or formative powers4 ,development is a transmutation of physical and chemical forces into vital energy4 ,although unable to compute the ultimate factors of life1 yet we may illustrate their reproductive possibilities and results by comparing them with those of a lower order4 ,animal structures are mainly composed of four elements3 oxygen1 hydrogen1 nitrogen and carbon4 ,other constituents1 such as phosphorus1 sulphur1 potassium1 sodium1 calcium1 magnesium1 and iron1 enter into their composition1 but are found in much smaller quantities4 ,from these elements is fabricated an organism which manifests peculiar properties and marvelous functions4 ,if the proportion of these chemical elements be varied1 the organic compound will be changed1 or1 the proportions remaining the same1 if the grouping of the elements be altered1 different compounds will be produced1 showing that the properties of organized substances depend upon the molecular constitution of matter4 ,rising in the scale of organization1 we observe that every variation of the physical and chemical processes implies a corresponding modification of the vital4 ,this is verified by the peculiarities of the several races of mankind4 ,individual differences are likewise modifications of these processes4 ,dynamical or vital differentiation depends upon these modifications for the display of vital energy1 and is always associated with molecular changes4 ,but it should be borne in mind that an effect may not resemble its cause in properties1 and the qualities of a chemical compound may be quite different from those of its individual constituents4 ,organic matter1 although more complex1 may exhibit properties1 both like and unlike its constituent elements4 ,within certain boundaries1 the elements seek to satisfy their affinities4 ,we discover that there are limits between the genera of animals1 as well as the races of mankind4 ,not less really1 though perhaps not as absolutely1 are there individual precincts within the sphere of the human temperaments1 which cannot be passed4 ,if we cannot satisfactorily explain1 we can at least discover a reason for temperamental limitation4 ,it is not designed to circumscribe healthful reproduction1 but to serve as an effectual hindrance to abnormal deviations4 ,we may state our belief in more positive terms3 that the temperamental variations are essential to genesis and fertility1 and indispensable to health and normal development4 ,every individual is susceptible to impressions which dispose to action4 ,impressions which excite or increase this disposition1 are called stimuli4 ,vital change implies the existence of stimuli and susceptibility to stimulation4 ,the stimulus may not be furnished because the conditions on which it depends are wanting2 again1 susceptibility may exist at one time and not at another4 ,stimuli and susceptibility may be present in different degrees1 but for the purpose of healthful reproduction they must not be impaired4 ,no single class of foods1 albuminous1 starchy1 saccharine1 or mineral1 is sufficient for the nutrition of the body1 but the food must contain substances belonging to each of the different classes4 ,if an animal be fed exclusively upon albumen1 though this substance constitutes the largest part of the bodily mass1 exhaustion will rapidly follow1 since the food does not contain all the essential1 nutritive elements4 ,again1 when the solids of the body have been wasted1 they lose their susceptibility to stimuli1 and the food does no good4 ,thus patients become emaciated during acute attacks of disease1 upon the cessation of which they are too feeble to recover1 simply because they have lost the power to digest and assimilate their food4 ,in inanimate bodies1 as in crystals1 forces come to rest1 but the very idea of life implies action and continual change4 ,hence diversity of constitutions and different temperaments are essential in order that marriage may result in the reproduction of vigorous beings4 ,,vital ,,and ,,non-,,vital ,,temperaments4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gh4 ,in the preceding chapter1 we attempted to illustrate the unique blending of mind and body by means of the nervous system1 and we now propose to exemplify the physical conditions of the organism by certain correspondences1 observed in the development and conditions of that system4 ,if nature answer to mind in physical correspondences1 she will observe the same regularity in physical development4 ,the simplest classification of the temperaments is represented in ,fig4 #gh4 ,not only is mental activity dependent upon a vital activity in the brain1 but the development of the cerebrum is dependent upon the supply of blood4 ,the growth of the intellect requires the same conditions that aided in the development of ,vulcan's right arm3 waste and supply2 disintegration and reparation of tissue4 ,our modern iron forges produce many an artisan whose great right arm proclaims him to be a son of power as well as of fire4 ,thus the fervid intellect1 while forging out its thoughts1 increases in size and strength4 ,the difference between the development of the two is this2 that the exercise of the blacksmith's right arm quickens the activities of all the bodily functions1 whereas the employment of the intellect does not offer any healthy equivalent4 ,physical exercise is a hygienic demand1 but intellectual employment exerts no salutary influence on the body1 while it is constantly expending the nutritive energies of the blood4 ,the emotions1 likewise1 make exhaustive draughts upon nutrition to supply the waste of brain substance1 just as certainly as physical labor causes muscular change1 and demands reparation4 ,one expends cerebral1 the other1 muscular substance4 ,the one is healthful in its general tendencies1 the other1 comparatively wasteful and destructive4 _/ ,,disintegrating1 ,the intellectual faculties are ,,expending1 ,,deriving4 _/ ,,engrossing1 ,the emotive faculties are ,,exhausting1 ,,devitalizing4 ,these nervous forces are transformed into spiritual products4 ,the base of the anterior lobes of the brain belong to the atonic region--the source of those languid1 deranging influences which coincide with morbidity and disease4 ,a disturbance of the corporeal organs1 which especially influence this portion of the brain1 naturally tends to the development of insanity or imbecility4 ,morel has traced1 through four generations1 the family history of a youth who was admitted to the asylum at ,rouen while in a state of stupidity and semi-idiocy4 ,the following summary of his investigations illustrates the natural course of degeneracy as it extends through successive generations3 immorality1 depravity1 alcoholic excess1 and moral degradation1 in the great-grandfather1 who was killed in a tavern brawl2 hereditary drunkenness1 maniacal attacks1 ending in general paralysis1 in the grandfather2 sobriety1 but hypochondriacal tendencies1 delusions of persecutions1 and homicidal tendencies in the father2 defective intelligence in the son4 ,his first attack of mania occurred at sixteen1 and was followed by stupidity1 and finally ended in complete idiocy4 ,furthermore1 there was probably an extinction of the family1 for the son's reproductive organs were as little developed as those of a child of twelve years of age4 ,he had two sisters who were both defective physically and morally1 and were classed as imbeciles4 ,to complete the proof of heredity in this case1 ,morel adds that the mother had a child while the father was confined in the asylum1 and that this child exhibited no signs of degeneracy4 ,statistics show that multitudes of human beings are born with a destiny against which they have neither the will nor the power to contend2 they groan under the worst of all tyrannies1 the tyranny of a bad organization1 which is theirs by inheritance4 ,we may represent the tendencies of the anterior portion of the brain by ,fig4 #gi4 ,the functional exercise of the anterior and superior portions of the cerebrum is disintegrating and devitalizing1 while the anterior and inferior portions coincide with mental and physical derangement1 unless counteracted by opposing forces4 ,it is therefore evident that in any organization1 upon which is entailed a perverted or excessive action of this portion of the cerebrum1 the tendencies are ,,non-,,vital1 i4e41 unfavorable to fertility and physical health4 ,if the antagonizing regions are well developed1 the tendencies are favorable to life4 _/ ,,sanity1 ,the volitive organs promote ,,temperance1 ,,hardihood4 _/ ,,nutrition1 ,the animal organs tend to ,,restoration1 ,,conservation4 _/ ,,secretion1 ,the basilar faculties instigate ,,circulation1 ,,vitality4 _/ ,,energy1 ,the combined action of these ,,health1 faculties express ,,reproduction4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gi ,if this portion of the brain indicates a full development1 we say of such a temperament that it is ,,vital1 because the functions of its nerve-centers are favorable to evolution4 ,as degeneration observes conditions1 so endurance and development conform to certain laws1 and it is the duty of all truthful inquirers1 who believe not only in the progress of human intelligence1 but in physical improvement from generation to generation1 to ascertain and comply with these essential conditions4 ,when the anterior and middle lobes of the brain are fully developed at their inferior surfaces1 it is regarded as an insane temperament1 i4e4 containing the germs of mental and bodily derangement4 ,how shall we distinguish the combination of organic elements1 if not by the manner in which they characterize the constitution8 ,every human being is distinguished by natural peculiarities1 both mental and physical4 ,these are indicated not only by the color of the eyes1 hair1 and skin1 and the mental expressions1 but in the conformation and capabilities of the corporeal system4 ,the color1 form1 size1 and texture of a leaf indicate to the expert pomologist the nature of the fruit which the tree will bear1 but how much more important is it to understand the harmonies of human development4 ,if ,prof4 ,agassiz could determine the form and size of a fish by seeing its scales1 and ,prof4 ,owen outline the skeleton of an unknown animal by viewing a portion of its fossil1 why should not the physician understand the language of temperaments1 since it opens to him the revelations of human development8 ,the sculptor blends character with form1 the artist endows the face with natural expression1 the anatomist accurately traces the nerves and arteries1 the physiognomist reads character1 which the novelist delineates and the actor personates1 because there are facts behind all these1 the materials wherewith to construct a science4 ,in organization there are permanent forces which operate uniformly1 thus revealing the order of nature4 ,,the ,,temperaments ,,classified4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hj ,we propose to speak of four constitutional variations entitled to separate consideration2 the lymphatic1 the sanguine1 the volitive1 and the encephalic4 ,the brain controls all the voluntary1 and modifies the involuntary functions of the body4 ,a particular cerebral development modifies the functions of all the bodily organs1 and thus tempers the constitution4 ,we shall1 therefore1 base our classification of temperaments upon the mental and physiological characteristics1 which are portrayed by cerebral development4 ,such an arrangement is illustrated by ,fig4 #hj4 ,,the ,,lymphatic ,,temperament4 ,the lymphatic temperament predominates when the anterior base of the brain and the middle lobe are developed so as to exert a preponderating influence over the bodily functions4 ,the character of this influence we have described in cerebral physiology4 ,it is difficult to state precisely the normal influences and nerve-forces which arise from these faculties1 but it is evident that they are specially related to nutritive attraction1 in opposition to volitive repulsion4 ,it is only their excessive influence which produces worthless1 miserable1 morbid characters4 ,a constitution marked by this development is indolent1 relaxative1 and an easy prey to epidemics4 ,this treatment is also characterized by a low grade of vitality or resistance4 ,when life is sustained by the volitive powers1 it is distinguished by a softness of the bodily tissues1 and the prevalence of lymph4 ,the fact that all the organic functions are performed indolently1 indicates lack of vital power4 ,an excellent illustration of this temperament is found in ,fig4 #ha1 which represents a ,chinese gentleman of distinction4 ,in the lower order of animals1 as in sponges1 absorption is performed by contiguous cells1 which are quite as effortless as in plants4 ,because of their organic indolence1 sponges are often classed as vegetables4 ,a body having an atonic or a lymphatic temperament is abundantly supplied with absorbent organs1 which are very sluggish in their operations4 ,in the lymphatic temperament1 there seems to be less constructive energy1 slower elaboration1 and greater frugality4 ,lymph is a colorless or yellow fluid containing a large proportion of water4 ,it is not so highly organized as the blood1 but resembles it1 when that fluid is deprived of its red corpuscles4 ,in the sanguine temperament1 circulation in the blood-vessels is the most active1 in the lacteals next1 and in the lymphatics the least so1 but in the lymphatic temperament1 this order is reversed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ha4 ,dr4 ,w4,b4 ,powell has observed that a lymphatic man has a large head1 while a fat man has a small one1 and also that fat and lymph1 are convertible1 one following the other1 i4e41 a repletion consisting of fat may be removed1 and one of lymph may replace it1 and vice versa4 ,he could not account for these alternations4 ,the bear goes into his winter quarters sleek and fat1 and comes forth in the spring just as plump with lymph1 but he loses this fat appearance soon after obtaining food4 ,this simply indicates that1 during lymphatic activity1 the digestive organs are comparatively quiescent4 ,but when these are functionally employed again1 lymphatic economy is not required4 ,it is the duty of the lymphatics to slowly convert the fat by such transformation1 that when it reaches the general circulation1 it may there unite with other organic compounds1 the process being aided by atmospheric nitrogen1 introduced during the act of respiration4 ,in this way it may become changed into those chemically indefinite1 artificial products1 called proteid compounds4 ,this view is supported by the disappearance of fat as an organized product in the lymph of the lymphatic vessels1 indicating that such transformation has occurred4 ,in this way1 by uniting with other organic compounds1 it appears that lymph may serve as a weak basis for blood2 that atmospheric nitrogen is also employed in forming these artificial compounds1 is indicated by the fact that there is sometimes less detected in arterial than in venous blood4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hb4 ,judge ,green1 of the ,united ,states ,court4 ,this temperament is indicated by lymphatic repletion1 soft flesh1 pale complexion1 watery blood1 slow and soft pulse1 oval head1 and broad skull1 showing breadth at its base4 ,fig4 #hb illustrates this temperament combined with sanguine elements4 ,in all good illustrations of this temperament1 there is a breadth of the anterior base of the skull extending forward to the cheek bones4 ,there is likewise a corresponding fullness of the face under the chin1 and in the neck1 denoting a large development of the anterior base of the cerebrum4 ,the cerebral conformation of the ,hon4 ,judge ,green indicates mental activity1 and we have no reason to suppose that lymph was particularly abundant in his brain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hc4 ,while this description of the lymphatic temperament is correct1 when illustrated by the civilized races of men who are accustomed to luxury1 ease1 and an abundance of food1 it does not apply with equal accuracy to the cerebral organization of the ,american ,indian4 ,his skull1 though broad at its anterior base1 and high and wide at the cheek bones1 differs from the ,european in being broader and longer behind the ears4 ,fig4 #hc is an excellent representation of a noted ,north ,american ,indian4 ,while a great breadth of the base of the brain indicates morbid susceptibilities1 yet these1 in the ,indian1 are opposed by a superior height of the posterior part of the skull4 ,consequently1 he is restless1 impulsive1 excitable1 passionate1 a wanderer upon the earth4 ,the basilar faculties1 however1 are large1 and he is noted for instinctive intelligence4 ,his habits alternate from laziness to heroic effort1 from idleness and quiet to the fierce excitement of the chase1 from vagabondism to war1 sometimes indolent and at other times turbulent1 but under all circumstances1 irregular and unreliable4 ,in this case1 lacteal activity is greater than lymphatic1 as his nomadic life indicates4 ,nevertheless1 he manifests a morbid sensibility to epidemic diseases1 especially those which engender nutritive disorders and corrupt the blood4 ,figs4 #hd and #he represent the brain of an ,american ,indian1 and that of a ,european1 and show the remarkable difference in their anatomical configuration4 ,evidently it is a race-distinction4 ,observe the greater breadth of the brain of the ,indian1 which according to cerebral physiology indicates great alimentiveness1 indolence1 morbid sensibility1 irritability1 profligacy1 but also note that it differs materially in the proportion of all its parts1 from the ,european brain4 ,judging the character of the ,indian from the aforesaid representation1 we should say that he was cunning1 excitable1 treacherous1 fitful1 taciturn1 or violently demonstrative4 ,his constitution is very susceptible to diseases of the bowels and blood4 ,his appetite is ungovernable1 and his love of stimulants is strong4 ,syphilitic poison1 small-pox1 and strong drink will annihilate all these tribes sooner than gunpowder4 ,their physical traits of constitution are no less contradictory than their extremes of habit and character1 for while there is evidence of lymphatic elements1 yet it is contradicted by the color of the hair1 eyes1 and skin4 ,this peculiar organization will not blend in healthful harmony with that of the ,european1 and this demonstrates that the race-temperaments require separate and careful analytical consideration4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hd4 ,american ,indian4 ,fig #he4 ,european4 7,,from ,,morton',s ,,crania ,,americana47 ,in the ,american ,indian1 the anterior lobe1 lying between ,,aa1 and ,,bb1 is small1 and in the ,european it is large1 in proportion to the middle1 lying between ,,bb and ,,cc4 ,in the ,american ,indian1 the posterior lobe1 lying between ,c and ,d ,is much smaller than in the ,european4 ,in the ,indian1 the cerebral convolutions on the anterior lobe and upper surface of the brain1 are smaller than the ,european4 ,if the anterior lobe manifests the intellectual faculties--the middle lobe the propensities common to man with the lower animals--and the posterior lobe1 the conservative energies1 the result seems to be1 that the intellect of the ,american ,indian is comparatively feeble--the ,european1 strong2 the animal propensities of the ,indian will be great--in the ,european1 more moderate2 while reproduction1 vital energy1 and conservation of the species in the ,indian is not as great as with the ,european4 ,the relative proportions of the different parts of the brain differ very materially4 ,by physical culture and regulation of the habits1 the excessive tendencies of this temperament may be restrained4 ,solid food should be substituted for a watery diet4 ,if it be limited in quantity1 this change will not only diminish the size1 but increase the strength of the body4 ,the body should be disciplined by daily percussion until the imperfectly constructed cells1 which are too feeble to resist this treatment1 are broken and replaced by those more hardy and enduring4 ,add to this treatment brisk1 dry rubbing1 calisthenic exercises1 and daily walks1 which should be gradually extended4 ,continue this treatment for three months1 and its favorable effects upon the temperament will surprise the most skeptical2 if continued for a year1 a radical alteration will be effected1 and the hardihood1 health1 and vigor of the constitution will be greatly increased4 ,this temperament may be improved physiologically1 by being blended with the sanguine and volitive4 ,the offspring will be stronger1 the structures firmer1 the organization more dense4 ,nutrition1 assimilation1 and all the constructive functions will be more energetic in weaving together the cellular fabric of the body4 ,the sanguine temperament will add a stimulus to the organic activities1 while the volitive will communicate manly1 brave1 and enduring qualities4 ,when this temperament is united with the encephalic1 if such a union does not result in barrenness1 it adds expending and exhaustive tendencies to the enfeebling'ones already existing1 and1 consequently1 the offspring lacks both physical power and intellectual activity4 ,the peculiarities of this temperament are observed in the diseases which characterize it4 ,it is specially liable to derangements of digestion1 nutrition1 and blood-making4 ,the blood is easily poisoned by morbid products formed within the body1 as well as by those derived from the body of another4 ,this is seen in pymia1 produced by the introduction of decomposing pus1 or matter1 into the blood4 ,this condition is most likely to occur when the vital powers are low and the energies weak1 for then the fibrin decreases1 the red corpuscles diminish in number1 the circulation becomes languid1 the pulse grows fluttering and weak1 and this increases until death ensues4 ,an individual of this temperament is more easily destroyed than any other by the poison of syphilis1 small-pox1 and other contagious diseases4 ,if the blood has received any hereditary taint1 the lymphatic glands not only reproduce it but often increase the virulency of the original disease4 ,this temperament indicates a necessity for the employment of stimulating1 alterative1 and antiseptic medicines4 ,the torpid functions need arousing1 the blood needs depuration1 i4e41 the elimination of corrupting matter1 and the system requires alteratives to produce these salutary changes4 ,the secretions need the correcting influence of cleansing remedies for the purification of the blood4 ,persons of this temperament are more liable to absorption of morbid products within the body1 which are in a state of decomposition1 producing an infection of the blood1 technically termed septicmia4 ,the fatal results which so suddenly follow child-bed fever are thus produced4 ,this kind of poisoning sometimes takes place from the absorption of decomposed exudation in diphtheria1 and1 though rarely1 from decomposing organic products collected in the lungs4 ,whenever the absorption of poison does take place1 fatal consequences usually follow4 ,this passive temperament is more likely to sink under acute attacks of disease1 especially alimentary disorders1 such as diarrhea1 dysentery1 and cholera4 ,it quickly succumbs to their prostrating effects1 such as depression1 congestion1 and fatal collapse which rapidly succeed one another4 ,venesection and harsh purgatives are contra-indicated1 and the physician who persists in their employment kills his patient4 ,how grateful are warmth and stimulating medicines6 ,the most powerful1 diffusible1 and nervous stimulants are required in cholera1 when the system is devastated by the disease1 as the plain is laid waste by the fierce tornado4 ,,the ,,sanguine ,,temperament4 ,lymph is the characteristic of the lymphatic temperament1 and its specific gravity1 temperature1 and standard of vitality are all lower than that of red blood4 ,in the sanguine temperament all the vital functions are more active1 the blood itself has a deeper hue1 its corpuscles carry more oxygen1 the complexion is quite florid1 and the arterial currents impart to every faculty a more hopeful vigor4 ,the blood-vessels are the most active absorbents1 eagerly appropriating nutritive materials for the general circulation1 while the respiration adds to it oxygen1 that agent which makes vital manifestation possible4 ,this temperament exhibits greater sensibility1 the conceptions are quicker1 the imagination more vivid1 the appetite stronger1 the passions more violent1 and there is found every display of animal life and enjoyment4 ,a full development of the basilar faculties1 indicated by an unusual breadth and depth of the base of the brain1 accompanies this temperament4 ,its cerebral area includes the posterior and inferior portions of the cerebrum1 the entire cerebellum1 and that part of the medulla which connects with the spinal cord1 all of which sustain intimate relations to vital conditions4 ,accordingly1 such a development indicates good digestion1 active nutrition1 vigorous secretion1 large heart and lungs1 powerful muscles1 and surplus vitality4 ,the violent faculties1 such as ,combativeness1 ,destructiveness1 and ,hatred1 are natural adjuncts1 and their excess tends to sensuality and crime4 ,they are not only secretive1 appropriative1 selfish1 and self-defensive1 but when redundant are aggressive and tend to destructiveness1 the gratification of animal indulgence1 intemperance1 and debauchery4 ,the correspondence between the cerebral conformation and the physical development is very obvious4 ,lower orders of animals possess these faculties1 and their spontaneous exhibition is called instinct4 ,they possess the acquisitive1 destructive1 and propagative propensities1 which lead them to provide for their wants and secure to themselves a posterity4 ,the exercise of their bodies causes a continual waste which demands incessant reparation1 and they are governed measurably by these animal impulses4 ,all of these lower psychical faculties have a physiological significance4 ,acquisitiveness functionally expresses assimilation1 accretion1 animal growth1 and tends to bodily repletion4 ,secretiveness expresses concealing1 separating1 withdrawing1 and functionally signifies secretive action4 ,secretion is the separating and withdrawing from the blood some of its constituents1 as mucus1 bile1 saliva1 etc4 ,this latter process indicates complex conditions of organization1 so that the higher and more complex the tissue1 the greater the number of secretory organs4 ,unrestrained selfishness1 while it naturally conserves the individual interests1 in its ultimate tendencies1 is the very essence of human depravity4 ,without qualification1 clearly1 it is crime1 for blind devotion to the individual must be in utter disregard for the good of others4 ,the ultimate tendencies of these faculties are1 therefore1 criminal4 ,exaggerate the faculty of acquisitiveness1 and it becomes avariciousness4 ,develop secretiveness and selfishness1 and they become cunning and profligacy1 desperation and crime4 ,their functional development tends to produce physical disorder and violent disease4 ,all of these faculties are vehement1 contentious1 thriving by opposition4 ,life itself has been called a forced state1 because it wars with the elements it appropriates1 and transmutes their powers into vitality4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hf4 ,we find men and women of this temperament1 who are models of character and organization4 ,george ,washington is an excellent illustration4 ,the impression that his presence made upon the ,marquis de ,chastellux1 is given in the following words3 ,i wish only to express the impression ,general ,washington has left on my mind2 the idea of a perfect whole1 brave without temerity1 laborious without ambition1 generous without prodigality1 noble without pride1 virtuous without severity4 ,gen4 ,scott1 ,lord ,cornwallis1 ,dr4 ,wistar1 ,bishop ,soule ,john ,bright1 ,jenny ,lind ,goldsmidt1 and ,dr4 ,gall are good representatives of this temperament4 ,fig4 #hf is an excellent illustration of it1 finely blended and well balanced1 in the person of ,madame de ,stael4 ,this temperament requires fewer tonics and stimulants than the lymphatic4 ,this constitution is best able to restore vital losses4 ,it is a vital temperament1 in other words1 it combines favorably with all the others1 and better adapts itself to their various conditions4 ,some regard it as the best adjusted one in all its organs and tissues1 and as the most satisfactory and serviceable4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hg4 ,excess of nutrition tends to plethora1 to animal indulgence1 and gross sensuality4 ,not only do the propensities rouse desire1 but they excite the basilar faculties1 and portray their wants in the outlines of the face1 mould the features to their expression1 and flash their significance from the eye4 ,who can mistake the picture of sensuality represented by ,fig4 #hg8 ,it is enough to shock the sensibility of a dumb animal1 and to say that such a face has a beastly look1 is an unkind reflection upon the brute creation4 ,a large neck and corresponding development of the occipital half of the brain indicate nervous energy1 yet nutrition is not absolutely dependent upon it1 for the nutritive processes are active before a nervous system is formed4 ,the lower faculties of the mind exert a remarkable influence over nutrition1 secretion1 and the molecular changes incident to life4 ,anger or fear may transmute the mother's nourishing milk into a virulent poison4 ,the following incident1 taken from ,dr4 ,carpenter's ,physiology1 illustrates this statement3 ,a carpenter fell into a quarrel with a soldier billeted in his house1 and was set-upon by the latter with his drawn sword4 ,the wife of the carpenter at first trembled from fear and terror1 and then suddenly threw herself between the combatants1 wrested the sword from the soldier's hand1 broke it in pieces1 and threw it away4 ,during the tumult1 some neighbors came-in and separated the men4 ,while in this state of strong excitement1 the mother took up her child from the cradle1 where it lay playing1 and in the most perfect health1 never having had a moment's illness2 she gave it the breast1 and in so doing sealed its fate4 ,in a few minutes the infant left-off sucking1 became restless1 panted1 and sank dead upon the mother's bosom4 ,the physician who was instantly called-in1 found the child lying in the cradle1 as if asleep1 and with its features undisturbed2 but all resources were fruitless4 ,it was irrecoverably gone4 ,in this interesting case1 the milk must have undergone a change1 which gave it a powerful sedative action upon the susceptible nervous system of the infant4 ,anxiety1 irritation1 hatred1 all tend to the vitiation of the disposition and bodily functions1 perverting the character and constitution at the same time4 ,depravity of thought and secretion go together4 ,degradation of mind and corruption of the body are concomitants4 ,there is a very close affinity between mental and moral perversion and physical prostitution1 of which fact too many are unconscious4 ,nervous influence preserves the fluidity of the blood and facilitates its circulation1 for it appears that simple arrestment of this influence favors the coagulation of the blood in the vessels2 clots being found in their trunks within a few minutes after the brain and spinal marrow are broken down4 ,habitual constipation is the source of many ills4 ,perversion of the functions of the stomach1 and of the circulation of the blood1 produce general disaster4 ,diseases which characterize this temperament are acute1 violent1 or inflammatory1 indicating repletion and active congestion2 intense inflammation1 burning fevers1 severe rheumatism1 a quick1 full pulse1 great bodily heat1 and functional excitement are its morbid accompaniments4 ,these diseases will bear thorough depletion of the alimentary canal1 active1 hydragogue cathartics being indicated4 ,sedatives and anodynes are also essential to modify the circulatory forces1 and to relieve pain4 ,violent disturbance must be quelled1 and among the remedial agents required for this duty we may include ,veratrum1 ,ipecac1 ,digitalis1 ,opium1 ,conium1 and ,asclepias4 ,while equalizing the circulatory fluids1 restoring the secretions1 and thoroughly evacuating the system1 and thus endeavoring to remove disturbing causes1 we find that the conditions of this temperament are exceedingly favorable for restoration to health4 ,true1 many chronic diseases are obstinate1 yet a course of restorative medication persistently followed1 promises a fortunate issue in this tractile temperament4 ,hygienic management of the lymphatic and sanguine temperaments consists in the vigorous toning of the former1 while restraint of the latter will greatly exempt it from the anxieties1 contentions1 and vexations which excite the mind1 disturb the bodily functions1 and end in chronic disease4 ,people of the latter organization love mental and physical stimulants1 are easily inflamed by passion1 and their excitability degenerates into irritability1 succeeded by serious functional derangements1 which prematurely break down the individual with inveterate1 deep-seated disorder4 ,serenity1 hope1 faith1 as well as firmness1 are natural hygienic elements4 ,it is a duty we owe ourselves to promptly relinquish a business which corrodes with its cares1 and depresses with its increasing troubles4 ,constant solicitude1 and the apprehension of financial disaster1 frustrate the bodily functions1 disconcert the organic processes1 and lead to mental aberration as well as physical degeneracy4 ,melancholy is chronic1 while despair is acute mania1 whose impulses drive the victim desperately toward self-destruction4 ,the chronic derangement of these organs exerts with less force the same morbid tendency4 ,hence the necessity for exercising those hygienic and countervailing influences born of resolution1 assurance1 and confident trust1 and the belief which strengthens all of the vital operations4 ,doubtless1 this temperament is the source of the reproductive powers4 ,it is the corner-stone essential to the foundation of all other temperaments4 ,it has been supposed by some that the cerebellum is the seat of sexual instinct4 ,the fact appears that an ample development of the posterior base of the cerebrum and the cerebellum indicates nutritive activity1 which is certainly a condition most favorable to the display of amativeness4 ,in a double sense1 then1 this temperament is a vital one2 both by nutritive repletion1 and by reproduction4 ,it is the blood-manufacturing1 tissue-generating1 and body-constructing temperament1 causing growth to exceed waste1 and promptly repairing the wear which follows continual labor4 ,while the sleazy structures of the lymphatic temperament are favorable to the functions of transudation1 exhalation1 and mutual diffusion of liquids1 the sanguine1 as its name indicates1 is adapted to promote the circulation of the blood1 to favor nutrition and reproduction4 ,the former temperament does not move the world by its energies1 or impress it vividly with its wisdom1 and the latter is more enthusiastic1 enjoyable1 and quickening4 ,each temperament1 however1 possesses salient qualities and advantages4 ,,the ,,life ,,line4 ,dr4 ,w4,b4 ,powell1 in his work on ,the ,human ,temperaments1 announces the discovery of a measurement which indicates the tenacity of life1 and the vital possessions of the individual4 ,he has observed that some persons of very feeble appearance possess remarkable powers of resistance to disease1 and continue to live until the machinery of life literally wears out4 ,others1 apparently stronger and more robust1 die before the usual term of life is half completed4 ,he also noticed that some families were remarkable for their longevity1 while others reached only a certain age1 less than the average term of life1 and then died4 ,he remarked also that some patients sank under attacks of disease1 when1 to all appearances1 they should recover1 and that others recovered1 when1 according to all reasonable calculations1 they ought to die4 ,he1 therefore1 not only believed that the duration of human life was more definitely fixed by the organization than is supposed1 but he set himself to work to discover the line of life1 and the measure of its duration4 ,he made a distinction between vital vigor1 and vital tenacity4 ,vital vigor he believed to be equivalent to the condition of vitality1 which is indicated by the breadth of the brain found in the sanguine temperament2 and vital tenacity to be measured by the depth of the base of the brain4 ,dr4 ,powell was an indefatigable student of nature1 and followed his theory through years of observation1 and measured hundreds of heads of living persons1 in order to verify the correctness of the hypothesis4 ,his method of measuring the head may be stated as follows3 ,he drew a line from the occipital protuberance on the back of the head to the junction of the frontal and malar bones1 extending it to a point above the center of the external orbit of the eye1 near the termination of the brow4 ,then he measured the distance between this line and the orifice of the ear and thus obtained the measure indicating the vital tenacity or duration of1 life4 ,fig4 #hh is a representation of the skull of ,loper1 who was executed for murder in ,mississippi4 ,he might have attained a great age1 had not his violent and selfish faculties led him into the commission of crime4 ,in this illustration1 ,b represents the occipital protuberance1 and ,a the junction of the frontal and malar bones at the external angle of the eye4 ,the distance between this line 7,a ,b7 and the external orifice of the ear1 is the measure of the life-force of ,loper at the time of his3 execution4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hh4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hi4 ,the tenacity of an individual's life1 ,dr4 ,powell determined by the following scale of measurements3 three-fourths of an inch from the orifice of the ear to the life-line1 is the average length in the adult1 and indicates ordinary tenacity of life4 ,as the distance decreases to five-eighths1 one-half1 or three-eighths of an inch1 vital tenacity diminishes4 ,if the distance is more than three-quarters of an inch1 it denotes great vital endurance1 excellent recuperative powers1 and is indicative of longevity4 ,if it measures less than half an inch1 it shows that the constitution has a feeble1 uncertain hold upon life1 and an acute disease is very likely to sunder the vital relations4 ,dr4 ,powell contended that life force and vital force are not equivalent terms1 because much more vital force is expended upon our relations1 than upon our organization in the preservation of life4 ,every muscular contraction1 every thought1 and every emotion requires an expenditure of vital force4 ,he asserted that we inherit our life force or constitutional power1 and that we can determine by this life-line1 the amount which we so receive4 ,and he believed that it could be increased by intellectual effort1 just as we can increase vital force by physical exercise4 ,fig4 #hi represents the skull of a man who died1 at nearly the same age as ,loper1 of consumption1 in the ,charity ,hospital1 at ,new ,orleans4 ,the measurement of the skull in this case gives a space between the life-line and the orifice of the ear of one-sixteenth of an inch1 showing that the consumptive had lived the full term of his life4 ,dr4 ,powell contended that the depth of a man's brain may be increased after maturity2 muscular effort1 mental activity1 and a sense of responsibility being favorable to longevity1 while idleness and dissipation are adverse to it4 ,in justice to the ,doctor1 we have stated fully his theory and his method of determining the hardihood and endurance of the constitution1 and we bespeak for it a candid examination4 ,without doubt it embodies a great deal of truth4 ,hereafter we shall endeavor to indicate by cerebral configuration1 a better system of judging of the vital tenacity1 hardihood1 and constitutional energies1 both inherited and acquired4 ,,the ,,volitive ,,temperament4 ,by reference to ,figs4 #gb and #hj1 the reader will be able to locate the region of the volitive faculties1 previously described under the generic term will4 ,this temperament is characterized by ambition1 energy1 industry1 perseverance1 decision1 vigilance1 self-control1 arrogance1 love of power1 firmness1 and hardihood4 ,these faculties express concentration of purpose and their functional equivalents are power of elaboration1 constructiveness1 condensation1 firmness of fiber1 compactness of frame1 and endurance of organization4 ,the pulse is full1 firm1 and regular1 the muscles are strong and well marked1 the hair and skin dark1 the temporal region is not broadly developed1 the face is angular1 its lines denoting both power of purpose and strength of constitution1 with resolution and hardihood blended in the expression4 ,the volitive temperament is distinguished by height of the posterior1 superior occipital region1 called the crown of the back head1 and by corresponding breadth from side to side4 ,the rule given by ,dr4 ,j4,r4 ,buchanan applies not only to the convolutions1 but to the general development of the brain2 length gives power1 or range of action1 and breadth gives copiousness1 or activity of manifestation4 ,thus a high1 narrow back head indicates firmness and decision1 but it is not as constant and copious in its manifestation as when it is associated with breadth4 ,an individual having a narrow1 high head1 may determine readily enough upon a course of action1 but he requires a longer period for its completion than one whose head is both high and broad4 ,such a cerebral conformation cannot accomplish its objects without enjoying regular rest1 and maintaining the best of habits4 ,breadth of this region of the brain indicates ample resources of energy1 both psychical and physical4 ,it denotes greater vigor of constitution1 one that continually generates volitive forces1 and its persistency of purpose may be interpreted as functional tenacity4 ,inflexibility of will and purpose impart their tenacious qualities to every bodily function4 ,the will to recover is often far more potent than medicine4 ,we have often witnessed its power in restraining the ravages of disease4 ,the energetic faculties1 located at the upper and posterior part of the head1 are the invigorating1 or tonic elements of the constitution1 imparting hardy1 firm1 steady1 and efficient influences1 checking excess of secretion1 repressing dissipation1 and tending to maintain self-possession1 as well as healthy conditions of life4 ,fig4 #ij is a portrait of ,u4,s4 ,grant1 which shows a well-balanced organization1 with sufficient volitive elements to characterize the constitution4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ij4 ,the old term bilious temperament might possibly be retained in deference to long usage1 did it not inculcate a radical error4 ,bilious is strictly a medical term1 relating to bile1 or to derangements produced by it1 and it was used originally to distinguish a temperament supposed to be characterized by a predominance of the biliary secretion4 ,in the volitive temperament1 the firm1 tenacious1 toning1 and restraining faculties repress1 rather than encourage biliary secretion1 and hence the necessity for administering large doses of cholagogues1 remedies which stimulate the secretion of bile4 ,when the system is surcharged with bile1 from a congested condition of the liver1 we use these agents in order to obtain necessary relief4 ,in this temperament there is moderate hepatic development1 lack of biliary activity1 deficiency in the secretion of bile1 and a sluggish portal circulation4 ,therefore1 to apply the term bilious to this temperament is not only unreasonable1 but it is calculated to mislead4 ,the condition of the bowels is generally constipated1 the skin dark and sometimes sallow4 ,for these and other obvious reasons1 we dismiss the word bilious1 and substitute one which is more characteristic4 ,we will not dwell upon the volitive as psychical organs1 except to show that1 when their influence is transmitted to the body1 they act as physiological organs1 and thus demonstrate that all parts of the brain have their physiological1 as well as mental functions4 ,when ,andrew ,jackson uttered with great emphasis the memorable words1 ,,by ,,the ,,eternal1 the effect was like a shock from a galvanic battery1 thrilling the cells in his own body1 and paralyzing with fear every one in ,calhoun's organization4 ,this is an illustration of the power or range of action of these faculties4 ,breadth or copiousness is illustrated in ,gen4 ,grant's reply1 ,i ,,propose ,,to ,,fight ,,it ,,out ,,on ,,this ,,line1 ,,if ,,it ,,takes ,,all ,,summer4 ,such a temperament has a profusion of constitutional power1 great durability of the life-force1 and1 in our opinion1 the combined height and breadth of this region correctly indicate the natural hardihood of the body and its retentiveness of life4 ,no one need doubt its influence upon the sympathetic system1 and1 through that system1 its power over absorption1 circulation1 assimilation1 and secretion1 as well as the voluntary processes4 ,mental hardihood seems wrought into concrete organization4 ,it checks excess of glandular absorption1 restrains the impulses of tumultuous passion1 tones and regulates the action of the heart1 and helps to weave the strands of organization into a more compact fabric4 ,the toning energies of the volitive faculties are better than quinine to fortify the system against miasma or malaria1 and they co-operate with all tonic remedies in sustaining organic action4 ,fig4 #ia is a portrait of ,prof4 ,tyndall1 the eminent chemist1 whose likeness indicates volitive innervation1 showing great strength of character and of constitution2 he is an earnest1 thorough1 and intense mental toiler2 ambitious1 but modest2 brilliant1 because persevering2 diligent in scientific inquiry1 and who follows the star of truth1 whithersoever it may lead him4 ,the expression of his countenance indicates his honest intentions1 and displays strength of conscientious purpose2 his physical constitution may be correctly interpreted in all of its general characteristics by the analysis of his energetic temperament1 the great secret of his strength and success4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ia4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ib4 ,we desire to offer one more illustration of a marvelous blending of this temperament with large mental and emotional faculties4 ,fig4 #ib is a representation of the martyred ,president ,abraham ,lincoln4 ,during an eventful career1 his temperament and constitution experienced marked changes1 and while always distinguished for strength of purpose and corresponding physical endurance1 he was governed by noble1 moral faculties1 manifesting the deepest sympathy for the down-trodden and oppressed1 blending tenderness and stateliness without weakness1 exhibiting a human kindness1 and displaying a genuine compassion1 which endeared him to all hearts4 ,he was hopeful1 patriotic1 magnanimous even1 while upholding the majesty of the law and administering the complicated affairs of government4 ,the balances of his temperament operated with wonderful delicacy1 through all the perturbating influences of the rebellion1 showing by their persistence that he was never for a moment turned aside from the great end he had in view2 the protection and perpetuation of republican liberty4 ,his life exhibited a sublime1 moral heroism1 elements of character which hallow his name1 and keep it in everlasting remembrance4 ,we have treated the brain1 not as a mass of organs radiating from the medulla oblongata as their real center1 but as two cerebral masses1 each of which is developed around the great ventricle4 ,we have freely applied an easy psychical and physiological nomenclature to the functions of its organs1 knowing that there is no arbitrary division of them by specific number1 for the cerebrum1 in an anatomical sense1 is a single organ4 ,the doctrine of cerebral unity is true1 and the doctrine of its plurality of function is true also4 ,whatever effect an organ produces when acting in entire predominance1 is regarded as the function of that organ and is expressed by that name4 ,although our names and divisions are arbitrary and designed for convenience1 yet they facilitate our consideration of the psychical1 and their corresponding physiological functions4 ,every cerebral manifestation denotes a psychical organ1 and in proportion as these acts are transmitted to the body it becomes a physiological organ4 ,we have ventured to repeat this proposition for the sake of the non-professional reader1 that he may be able to distinguish between' the two results of the manifestation of one organ4 ,the transmission of the influence of the brain into the body enables the former to act physiologically1 whereas1 if its action were confined within the cranium1 it would only be psychical4 ,in the language of ,prof4 ,j4,r4 ,buchanan1 every organ1 therefore1 has its mental and corporeal1 its psychological and physiological functions--both usually manifested together--either capable of assuming the predominance4 ,we have already seen to what degree the ,will operates upon the organism1 or how the soul imparts special energy to single organs1 so that they perform their functions with more than usual efficiency1 and thus resist the solicitations of morbific agents4 ,doubtless our best thoughts are deeply tinged by the healthful or diseased conditions of such organs as the stomach1 the lungs1 the heart1 or even the muscular or circulatory systems1 and these impressions1 when carried to the sensorium1 are reflected by the thoughts1 for reflex action is the third class of functions1 assigned to the cerebrum4 ,these reflex actions are either hygienic and remedial1 or morbid and pernicious4 ,hence1 it is philosophical not only to interpret the thoughts as physiological and pathological indications1 but to consider the cerebrum as exerting real hygienic and remedial forces1 capable of producing salutary reparative1 and restorative effects4 ,when a boiler carries more steam than can be advantageously employed1 it is subjected to unnecessary and injurious strain1 and is weakened thereby2 so1 when the body is overtasked by excessive pressure of the volitive faculties1 it is prematurely enfeebled and broken down4 ,there are many individuals who need to make use of some sort of safety valve to let off the surplus of their inordinate ambition2 they need some kind of patent brake to slacken their speed of living2 they should relieve the friction of their functional powers by a more frequent lubrication of the vital movements1 and by stopping1 for needed refreshment and rest1 at some of the many way-stations of life4 ,,the ,,encephalic ,,temperament4 ,the encephalic temperament is distinguished by prominence and breadth of the forehead1 or by a full forehead associated with height and breadth at its coronal junction with the parietal bones1 and extending toward the volitive region4 7,see ,fig4 #aj1 the space between #a and #b represents the coronal region1 #a indicating the frontal bone1 and #b the parietal74 ,prominence and great breadth of the forehead display analytical1 i4e41 scientific powers applicable to concretes1 whereas a fair intellect1 associated with a preponderating development of the coronal region1 indicates analogical powers1 i4e41 faculties to perceive the relation and the agreement of principles4 ,the former classifies and arranges facts1 the latter invests them with moral and spiritual import4 ,the one treats of matter1 its physical properties1 and chemical composition1 the other of thoughts and intentions which involve right and wrong1 relating to spiritual accountability4 ,the intellect is employed upon an observable order of things1 while the emotive faculties arrange the general laws of being into abstract science4 ,fig4 #ic1 a portrait of ,prof4 ,tholuck1 is a remarkable example of an encephalic organization4 ,figs4 #gb and #gi fairly indicate the effects of undue mental activity1 the intellect causing vital expenditure resulting in the devitalization of the blood4 ,while the intellect displays keen penetration1 subtle discrimination1 and profound discernment1 the emotions exhibit intense sensitiveness1 acute susceptibility1 and inspirational impressibility4 ,the encephalic temperament is characterized by mental activity1 great delicacy of organization1 a high and broad forehead1 expressive eyes1 fine but not very abundant hair1 great sensitiveness1 refined feelings1 vividness of conception1 and intensity of emotion4 ,if the brain is developed on the sides1 there is manifested ,ideality1 ,modesty1 ,hope1 ,sublimity1 ,imagination1 and ,spirituality4 ,if the brain and forehead project1 the ,perceptive1 ,intuitive1 and ,reasoning faculties predominate4 ,if it rises high1 and nearly perpendicularly1 ,liberality1 ,sympathy1 ,truthfulness1 and ,sociability are manifested4 ,when the emotive faculties are large1 ,faith1 ,hope1 ,love1 ,philanthropy1 ,religion1 and ,devotion characterize the individual4 ,it is an artistic1 creative1 and aesthetic temperament1 beautiful in conception and grand in expression1 yet its sensitiveness is enfeebling1 and its crowning excellence1 when betrayed by the propensities1 trails in defilement4 ,its purity is ,god-like1 its debauchment1 ,perdition6 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ic4 ,fig4 #id is the likeness of ,prof4 ,george ,bush4 ,his forehead is amply developed in the region of ,foresight1 ,liberality1 ,sympathy1 ,truthfulness1 and ,benevolence2 his mouth expresses ,amiability and ,cheerfulness1 and the whole face beams with ,kindness and ,generosity4 ,this philanthropist1 who is both a preacher and an author1 has published several works upon theology1 which distinguish him for great research and originality4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #id4 ,fig4 #ie represents the sanguine-encephalic temperament1 the two elements being most happily blended4 ,the portrait is that of ,emmanuel ,swedenborg1 the great scholar and spiritual divine4 ,the reader will observe how high and symmetrical is the forehead1 and how well balanced appears the entire organization4 ,he was remarkable for vivid imagination1 great scientific acquirements1 and all his writings characterize him as a subtle reasoner4 ,when the encephalic predominates1 and the sanguine is deficient in its elements1 we find conditions favorable to waste and expenditure1 and adverse to a generous supply and reformation of the tissues4 ,a child inheriting this cerebral development is already top-heavy1 and supports1 at an immense disadvantage1 this disproportionate organization4 ,the nutritive functions are overbalanced2 consequently there is a predisposition to scrofulous diseases and disorders of the blood1 various degenerating changes taking place in its composition2 loss of red corpuscles1 signified by shortness of breath2 morbid changes1 manifested by cutaneous eruptions2 exhaustion from lack of nourishment1 etc41 until1 finally1 consumption finishes the subject4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ie4 ,harmony is the support of all institutions1 and applies with special cogency to the maintenance of health4 ,when the mind dwells on one subject to the exclusion of all others1 we call such a condition monomania4 ,if we have an excessive development of mind1 and deficient support of body1 the result is corporeal derangement4 ,it is unfortunate for any child to inherit unusually large brain endowments1 unless he is possessed of a vigorous1 robust constitution4 ,such training should be directed to that body as will encourage it to grow strong1 hearty1 and thrifty1 and enable it to support the cerebral functions4 ,the mental proclivities should be checked and the physical organization cultivated1 to insure to such a child good health4 ,cut off all unnecessary brain-wastes1 attend to muscular training and such invigorating games and exercises as encourage the circulation of the blood2 keep the skin clean and its functions active1 the body warm and well protected1 the lungs supplied with pure air1 the stomach furnished1 with wholesome food1 besides have the child take plenty of sleep to invigorate the system1 and thus1 by regular habits1 maintain that equilibrium which tends to wholesome efficiency and healthful endurance4 ,,transmission ,,of ,,life4 ,as has been already stated in the chapter on ,biology1 reproduction of the species depends upon the union of a sperm-cell with a germ-cell1 the male furnishing the former and the female the latter4 ,it is a well-known fact that the marriage of persons having dissimilar temperaments is more likely to be fertile than the union of persons of the same temperaments2 consanguineous marriages1 or the union of persons nearly related by blood1 diminish fertility and the vigor of the offspring4 ,upon this subject ,francis ,galton has given some very interesting historical illustrations in his well-known work1 entitled ,hereditary ,genius4 ,the half-brother of ,alexander the ,great1 ,ptolemy ,i1 ,king of ,egypt1 had twelve descendants1 who successively became kings of that country1 and who were also called ,ptolemy4 ,they were matched in and in1 but in nearly every case these near marriages were unprolific and the inheritance generally passed through other wives4 ,ptolemy ,,ii married his niece1 and afterwards his sister2 ,ptolemy ,,iv married his sister4 ,ptolemy ,,vi and ,,vii were brothers1 and they both consecutively married the same sister2 ,ptolemy ,,vii also subsequently married his niece2 ,ptolemy ,,viii married two of his sisters in succession4 ,ptolemy ,,xii and ,,xiii were brothers1 and both consecutively married their sister1 ,cleopatra4 ,mr4 ,galton and ,sir ,jas4 ,y4 ,simpson have shown that many peerages have become extinct through the evil results of inter-marriage4 ,heiresses are usually only children1 the feeble product of a run-out stock1 and statistics have shown that one-fifth of them bear no children1 and fully one-third never bear more than one child4 ,sir ,j4,y4 ,simpson ascertained that out of #die marriages in the ,british ,peerage1 #ha were unfruitful1 or nearly one in every six2 while out of #fge marriages among an agricultural and seafaring population1 only #fe were sterile or barren1 or a little less than one in ten4 ,while the marriages of persons closely related1 or of similar temperaments are frequently unfruitful1 we would not have the reader understand that sterility1 or barrenness1 is usually the result of such unions4 ,it is most frequently due to some deformity or diseased condition of the generative organs of the female4 ,in the latter part of this work may be found a minute description of the conditions which cause barrenness1 together with the methods of treatment1 which have proved most effectual in the extensive practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the temperaments may be compared to a magnet1 the like poles of which repel1 and the unlike poles of which attract each other4 ,thus similarity of temperament results in barrenness while dissimilarity makes the vital magnetism all the more powerful4 ,marriageable persons moved by some unknown influence1 have been drawn instinctively toward each other1 have taken upon themselves the vows and obligations of wedlock1 and have been fruitful and happy in this relation4 ,alliances founded upon position1 money1 or purely arbitrary considerations1 mere contracts of convenience1 are very apt to prove unhappy and unproductive4 ,men may unconsciously obey strong instinctive impulses without being conscious of their existence1 and by doing so1 avoid those ills1 which otherwise might destroy their connubial happiness4 ,the philosophy of marriage receives no consideration1 because the mind is pre-occupied with newly awakened thoughts and feelings4 ,lovers are charmed by certain harmonies1 feel interior persuasions1 respond to a new magnetic influence and are lost in an excess of rapture4 ,if the parties to a marriage are evenly balanced in organic elements1 although both of them are vigorous1 yet it is physiologically more suitable for them to form a nuptial alliance with an unlike combination4 ,the cause of the wretchedness attending many marriages may be traced to a too great similarity of organization1 ideas1 taste1 education1 pursuits1 and association1 which similarity almost invariably terminates in domestic unhappiness4 ,the husband and wife should be as different as the positive and negative poles of a magnet4 ,when life is begotten under these circumstances we may expect a development bright with intelligence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,marriage4 ,,love4 ,love is the root of creation2 ,god's essence2 worlds without number ,lie in his bosom like children2 he made them for this purpose only4 ,only to love and to be loved again1 he breathed forth his spirit ,into the slumbering dust1 and upright standing1 it laid its ,hand on its heart1 and felt it was warm with a flame out of heaven4 --,,longfellow4 ,love1 that tender1 inexplicable feeling which is the germinal essence of the human spirit1 is the rudimental element of the human soul4 ,it is1 therefore1 a ,divine gift1 a blessing which the ,creator did not withdraw from his erring children1 when they were driven from a paradise of innocence and loveliness into a world of desolation and strife4 ,he left it as an invisible cord by which to draw the human heart ever upward1 to a brighter home--the heavenly ,eden4 ,love is the very essence of ,divine law1 the source of inspiration1 even the fountain of life itself4 ,it is spontaneous1 generous1 infinite4 ,to its presence we are indebted for all that is good1 true1 and beautiful in ,art and ,nature4 ,it endows humanity with countless virtues1 and throws a mystic veil over our many faults4 ,it is this feeling1 this immutable law1 which controls the destiny of the race4 ,from its influence empires have fallen1 scepters have been lost4 ,literature owes to ,love its choicest gems4 ,the poet's lay is sweeter when ,cupid tunes the lyre4 ,the artist's brush is truer when guided by ,love4 ,greece was the cradle of letters and art4 ,her daughters were queens of beauty1 fitted to inspire the ,love of her noblest sons4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #if4 ,the materialism of the nineteenth century has sought to degrade ,love2 to define it as purely physical4 ,the result has been a corresponding degradation of art1 and even literature has lost much of its lofty idealism4 ,nudity has become a synonym of vulgarity2 ,love1 of lust4 ,evil be to him who evil thinks4 ,true ,love never seeks to degrade its object2 on the contrary1 it magnifies every virtue1 endows it with divinest attributes1 and guards its chastity1 or honor1 at the sacrifice of its own life4 ,it increases benevolence by opening the lover's heart to the wants of suffering humanity4 ,ideality is the canvas1 and imagination the brush with which ,love delineates the beauties of the adored4 ,love heightens spirituality1 awakens hope1 strengthens faith1 and enhances devotion4 ,it quickens the perceptions1 intensifies the sensibilities1 and redoubles the memory4 ,it augments muscular activity1 and imparts grace to every movement4 ,the desire to love and to be loved is innate1 and forms as much a part of our being as bone or reason4 ,in fact1 ,love may be considered as the very foundation of our spiritual existence1 as bone and reason are the essential bases of our physical and intellectual being4 ,every man or woman feels the influence of this emotion1 sooner or later4 ,it is the ,kadesh-barnea of human existence2 obedience to its intuitions insures the richest blessings of life1 while neglect or perversion enkindles ,god's wrath1 even as did the disobedience of the wandering ,israelites4 ,the one great fact which pervades the universe is action4 ,the very existence of ,love demands its activity1 and1 hence1 the highest happiness is attained by a normal and legitimate development of this element of our being4 ,the heart demands an object upon which to lavish the largess of its affection4 ,in the absence of all others1 a star1 a flower1 or even a bird1 will receive this homage4 ,the bird warbles a gay answer to the well-known voice1 the flower repays the careful cultivator by displaying its richest tints1 the star twinkles a bright good evening to the lonely watcher1 and yet withal there is an unsatisfied longing in the lover's heart1 to which neither can respond2 the desire to be loved6 ,hence1 the perfect peace of reciprocated love4 ,if its laws are violated1 nature seeks revenge in the utter depression or prostration of the vital energies4 ,thus has the ,divine ,law-giver engraven ,his command on our very being4 ,to love is1 therefore1 a duty1 the fulfillment of which should engage our noblest powers4 ,this emotion manifests itself in several phases1 prominent among which is filial affection1 the natural harmonizer of society4 ,paternal love includes a new element--protection4 ,greater than either1 and second only in fortitude to maternal affection1 is ,,conjugal ,,love4 ,he is blest in ,love alone ,who loves for years and loves but one4--,,hunt4 ,with ,swedenborg1 we may assert1 that there is given love truly conjugal1 which at this day is so rare1 that it is not known what it is1 and scarce that it is4 ,the same author has defined this relation to be a union of ,love and ,wisdom4 ,the fundamental law of conjugal love is fidelity to one love4 ,god created but one ,eve1 and the essential elements of paternal and maternal love pre-suppose and necessitate1 for their normal development1 the ,love of one only4 ,again1 ,love is the sun of woman's existence4 ,only under its influence does she unfold the noblest powers of her being4 ,woman's intuitions should therefore be taken as the true love-gauge4 ,if she desire a plurality of loves1 it must be a law of her nature2 but is communism the desire of our wives and daughters8 ,no6 ,every act which renders woman dear to us1 denounces such an idea and reveals the exclusive sacredness of her ,love4 ,as condemning promiscuity in this relation1 we may cite the lovers' pledges and oaths of fidelity1 the self-perpetuity of ,love itself1 the common instincts of mankind1 as embodied in public sentiment1 and the inherent consciousness that first love should he kept inviolable forever4 ,again1 ,love is conservative4 ,it clings tenaciously to all the memories connected with its first object4 ,the scenes consecrated to ,love's young dream are sacred to every heart4 ,the woodland with its winding paths and arbors1 the streamlet bordered with drooping violets and dreamy pimpernel1 the clouds1 and even the very tones in which we spoke1 are indelibly imprinted on the memory4 ,there is also the mine and thine intuition of love4 ,this sentiment is displayed in every thought and act of the lover4 ,every pleasure is insipid unless shared by the beloved2 selfish and exacting to all others1 yet always generous and forgiving to the adored4 ,mine and thine1 dearest1 is the language of ,conjugal ,love4 ,the consummation desired by all who experience this affection1 is the union of souls in a true marriage4 ,whatever of beauty or romance there may be in the lover's dream1 is enhanced and spiritualized in the intimate communion of married life4 ,the crown of wifehood and maternity is purer1 more divine1 than that of the maiden4 ,passion is lost2 the emotions predominate4 ,the connubial relation is not an institution2 it was born of the necessities and desires of our nature4 ,it is not good for man to be alone1 was the ,divine judgment1 and so ,god created for him an helpmate4 ,again1 ,male and female created ,he them2 therefore1 sex is as divine as the soul4 ,it is often perverted1 but so is reason1 aye1 so is devotion4 ,the consummation of marriage involves the mightiest issues of life4 ,it may be the source of infinite happiness or the seal of a living death4 ,love is blind is an old saying1 verified by thousands of ill-assorted unions4 ,many unhappy marriages are traceable to one or both of two sources1 ,physical ,weaknesses and ,masquerading4 ,many are the candidates for marriage who are rendered unfit therefor from weaknesses of their sexual systems1 induced by the violation of well-established physical laws4 ,we cannot too strongly urge upon parents and guardians the imperative duty of teaching those youths who look to them for instruction1 in all matters which pertain to their future well-being such lessons as are embraced in the chapter of this book entitled1 ,hygiene of the ,reproductive ,organs4 ,by attending to such lessons as will give the child a knowledge of the physiology and hygiene of his whole system1 the errors into which so many of the young fall1 and much of the misery which is so often the dregs of the hymeneal cup1 will be avoided4 ,masquerading is a modern accomplishment4 ,girls wear tight shoes1 burdensome skirts1 and corsets1 all of which prove very injurious to their health4 ,at the age of seventeen or eighteen1 our young ladies are sorry specimens of womankind1 and palpitators1 cosmetics1 and all the modern paraphernalia of fashion are required to make them appear fresh and blooming4 ,man is equally to blame4 ,a devotee to all the absurd devices of fashion1 he practically asserts that dress makes the man4 ,but physical deformities are of far less importance than moral imperfections4 ,frankness is indispensable in love4 ,each should know the other's faults and virtues4 ,marriage will certainly disclose them2 the idol falls and the deceived lover is transformed into a cold1 unloving husband or wife4 ,by far the greater number of unhappy marriages are attributable to this cause4 ,in love especially1 honesty is policy and truth will triumph4 ,,history ,,of ,,marriage4 ,,polygamy ,,and ,,monogamy4 ,we propose to give only a brief dissertation on the principles and arguments of these systems1 with special reference to their representatives in the nineteenth century4 ,polygamy has existed in all ages4 ,it is1 and always has been1 the result of moral degradation or wantonness4 ,the ,garden of ,eden was no harem4 ,primeval nature knew no community of love4 ,there was only the union of two and the twain were made one flesh4 ,time passed2 the sons of ,god saw the daughters of men that they were fair2 and they took them wives of all which they chose4 ,the propensities of men were in the ascendant1 and ,god repented ,him that ,he had created man4 ,he directed ,noah to take into the ark1 two of every sort1 male and female4 ,but the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth1 and tradition points to ,polygamy as the generally recognized form of marriage among the ancients4 ,the father of the ,hebrew nation was unquestionably a polygamist1 and the general history of patriarchal life shows that a plurality of wives and concubines were national customs4 ,in the earlier part of ,egyptian history1 ,menes is said to have founded a system of marriage1 ostensibly monogamous1 but in reality it was polygamous1 because it allowed concubinage4 ,as civilization advanced1 the latter became unpopular1 and although lawful1 was uncommon1 while polygamy was expressly forbidden4 ,solomon1 according to polygamous principles1 with his thousand women1 should have enjoyed a most felicitous condition4 ,strange that he exclaimed ,a woman among all these have ,i not found4 ,according to the distinguished ,rabbi1 ,maimonides1 polygamy was a ,jewish custom as late as the thirteenth century4 ,when ,cecrops the ,egyptian ,king1 came to ,athens 7#aeej1 ,b4,c47 he introduced a new system1 which proved to be another step toward the recognition of ,monogamy4 ,under this code a man was permitted to have one wife and a concubine4 ,here dawned the era of ,grecian civilization1 the glory of which was reflected in the social and political principles of ,western ,europe4 ,during the fourth and fifth centuries ,b4,c41 concubinage disappeared1 but1 under the new regime1 the condition of the wife was degraded4 ,she was regarded as simply an instrument of procreation and a mistress of the household1 while a class of foreign women1 who devoted themselves to learning and the fine arts1 were the admired1 and often the beloved companions of the husbands4 ,these were the courtesans who played the same role in ,athenian history1 as did the chaste matron1 in the annals of ,rome4 ,when ,greece became subject to ,rome and the national characteristics of these nations were blended1 marriage became a loose form of monogamy4 ,in ,persia1 during the reign of ,cyrus1 about #efj ,b4,c41 polygamy was sustained by custom1 law1 and religion4 ,the ,chinese marriage system was1 and is1 practically polygamous1 for1 from their earliest traditions1 we learn that although a man could have but one wife1 he was permitted to have as many concubines as he desired4 ,in the ,christian era the first religious system which incorporated polygamy as a principle was ,mohammedanism4 ,this system1 which is so admirably adapted to the voluptuous character of the ,orientals1 has penetrated ,western ,europe1 ,asia1 and ,africa4 ,hayward estimated the number of its adherents to be one hundred and forty millions4 ,the heaven of the ,mohammedan is replete with all the luxuries which appeal to the animal propensities4 ,ravishing ,houris attend the faithful1 who recline on downy couches1 in pavilions of pearl4 ,on the ,western ,continent a system of promiscuity was practiced by the ,mexicans1 ,peruvians1 ,brazilians1 and the barbarous tribes of ,north ,america4 ,the ,mormon ,church was founded by ,joseph ,smith1 and professes to be in harmony with the ,bible and a special revelation to its leading ,saint4 ,according to the ,mormon code1 ,love is a yearning for a higher state of existence1 and the passions1 properly understood1 are feeders of the spiritual life2 and again1 nature is dual2 to complete his organization a man must marry4 ,the leading error of ,mormonism is that it mistakes a legal permission for a ,divine command4 ,the ,mormon logic may be premised as follows3 the ,mosaic law allowed polygamy2 the ,bible records it2 therefore1 the ,bible teaches polygamy4 ,a ,mormon ,saint can have not less than three wives but as many more as he can conveniently support4 ,the eight fundamental doctrines of the ,mormon ,church are stated as follows3 #a4 ,god is a person with the flesh and form of a man4 #b4 ,man is a part of the substance of ,god and will himself become a god4 #c4 ,man is not created by ,god but existed from all eternity4 #d4 ,man is not born in sin1 and is not accountable for offenses other than his own4 #e4 ,the earth is a colony of embodied spirits1 one of many such settlements in space4 #f4 ,god is president of the immortals1 having under ,him four orders of beings3 7#a47 ,gods--i4e41 immortal beings1 possessed of a perfect organization of soul and body1 being the final state of men who have lived on earth in perfect obedience to the law4 7#b47 ,angels1 immortal beings who have lived on earth in imperfect obedience to the law4 7#c47 ,men1 immortal beings in whom a living soul is united with a human body4 7#d47 ,spirits1 immortal beings1 still waiting to receive their tabernacle of flesh4 #g4 ,man1 being one of the race of gods1 became eligible1 by means of marriage1 for a celestial throne1 and his household of wives and children are his kingdom1 not only on earth but in heaven4 #h4 ,the kingdom of ,god has been again founded on earth1 and the time has now come for the saints to take possession of their own2 but by virtue1 not by violence2 by industry1 not by force4 ,this sect has met with stern and bitter opposition4 ,it was successively located in ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,missouri1 and ,illinois1 from the last of which it was expelled by force of arms1 and in #ahdh established in ,utah4 ,its adherents number1 at the present time1 more than two hundred thousand4 ,another organization1 differing from the ,mormons1 in many of its radical principles1 is that of the ,communists1 popularly termed ,free ,lovers4 ,it is located at ,lennox1 ,madison ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,its members advocate a system of complex marriage which they claim is instituted with a conscientious regard for the welfare of posterity4 ,they disclaim promiscuity1 and assert that the tie which binds them together is as permanent and as sacred as that of marriage4 ,community of property is commensurate with freedom of ,love4 ,they define love to be social appreciation1 and this element in their code of civilization1 which they deem superior to all others1 is secondary to bodily support4 ,the principles upon which their social status is founded may be briefly summarized as follows3 ,man offers woman support and love 7unconditional74 ,woman enjoying freedom1 self-respect1 health1 personal and mental competency1 gives herself to man in the boundless sincerity of an unselfish union4 ,state--1 ,communism4 ,in this1 as in all forms of polygamous marriages1 love is made synonymous with sexuality1 and its purely spiritual element is lost4 ,in every instance this spiritual element should constitute the basis of marriage1 which1 without it1 is nothing more than legal prostitution4 ,without it1 the selfish1 degrading1 animal propensities run rampant1 while the emotions with all their boundless sweetness lie dormant4 ,woman is regarded as only a plaything to gratify the animal caprice4 ,that ,monogamy is a law of nature is evident from the fact that it fulfills the three essential conditions which form the basis of true marriage3 7#a47 ,the development of the individual 7#b47 ,the welfare of society4 7#c47 ,the reproduction of the species4 ,,the ,,development ,,of ,,the ,,individual4 ,,physically4 ,reciprocated love produces a general exhilaration of the system4 ,the elasticity of the muscles is increased1 the circulation is quickened1 and every bodily function is stimulated4 ,the duties of life are performed with a zest and alacrity never before experienced4 ,it is not possible for human beings to attain their full stature of humanity1 except by loving long and perfectly4 ,behold that venerable man6 ,he is mature in judgment1 perfect in every action and expression1 and saintly in goodness4 ,you almost worship as you behold4 ,what rendered him thus perfect8 ,what rounded off his natural asperities1 and moulded up his virtues8 ,love mainly4 ,it permeated every pore1 so to speak1 and seasoned every fiber of his being1 as could nothing else4 ,mark that matronly woman4 ,in the bosom of her family1 she is more than a queen and goddess combined4 ,all her looks and actions express the outflowing of some or all of the human virtues4 ,to know her is to love her4 ,she became thus perfect1 not in a day or a year1 but by a long series of appropriate efforts4 ,then by what8 ,chiefly in and by love1 which is specifically adapted thus to develope this maturity4 ,but all this occurs only when there is a normal exercise of the sexual propensities4 ,excessive indulgence in marital pleasures deadens all the higher faculties1 love included1 and results in an utter prostration of the bodily powers4 ,the ,creator has endowed man and woman with passions1 the suppression of which leads to pain1 their gratification to pleasure1 their satiety to disgust4 ,excessive marital indulgence produces abnormal conditions of the generative organs and not unfrequently leads to incurable disease4 ,many cases of uterine disease are traceable to this cause4 ,,morally ,,and ,,intellectually4 ,in no country where the polygamous system prevails do we find a code of political and social ethics which recognizes the rights and claims of the individual4 ,the condition of woman is that of the basest slave1 a slave to the caprice and tyranny of her master4 ,communism raises her from the slough of slavery1 but subjects her to the level of prostitution4 ,an inevitable sequence of polygamy is a decline of literature and science4 ,the natural tendency of each system is to sensualism41 ,the blood is diverted from its normal channels and the result is a condition which may be appropriately termed mental starvation4 ,sensualism is in its very nature directly opposed to literary attainments or advancement4 ,happily there is a golden mean1 an equalization of those elements which constitutes the acme of individual enjoyment4 ,,the ,,welfare ,,of ,,society4 ,the general law of ethics1 that whatever is beneficial to the individual1 contributed to the highest good of society and vice versa1 applies with equal force to the hygienic conditions of marriage4 ,each family1 like the ancient ,roman household1 is the prototype of the natural government under which it lives4 ,wherever the marriage relation is regarded as sacred1 there you will find men of pure hearts and noble lives4 ,of all foreign nations the ,germans are celebrated for their sacred regard of woman1 and the duties of marriage1 and all scholars from the age of ,tacitus to the present day1 have concurred in attributing the elevation of woman to the pure-minded ,teutons4 ,in ,america1 the law recognizes only ,monogamy2 but domestic unhappiness is a prominent feature of our national life2 therefore1 argues the would-be free-lover1 monogamy does not accord with the best interests of mankind4 ,the fallacy lies in the first premise4 ,legally1 our marriage system is monogamous but socially and practically it is not6 ,prostitution is the source of this domestic infelicity4 ,the mistress sips the sweet nectar that is denied to the deceived wife4 ,legislators have battled with intemperance1 but have done comparatively little to banish from our midst this necessary 787 evil4 ,they recoil with disgust from this abyss of iniquity and disease4 ,within it is coiled a hydra-headed monster1 which invades our hearthstones1 contaminates our social atmosphere1 and whose very breath is laden with poisonous vapors1 the inexhaustible source of all evil4 ,the perverted appetites of mankind are mistaken for the natural desires and necessities of our being2 and1 accordingly1 various arguments have been advanced to prove that monogamy is not conducive to social developement4 ,it is curious that no one of these arguments refers to the health and well-being of the individual1 thus overlooking1 perhaps willfully1 the great law of social economy4 ,even a few medical writers sometimes advocate the principles of this so-called liberalism4 ,in a recently published work1 there are enumerated only two demerits of polygamy and six of monogamy4 ,these six demerits which the author is pleased to term a bombshell1 he introduces on account of his moral convictions no less than humanitarian considerations4 ,the same author terms monogamy a worm-eaten and rotten-rooted tree4 ,the worm that is devastating the fairest tree of ,eden and draining its richest juices is what our contemporary thinks1 may be plausibly termed1 a necessary evil4 ,it is claimed that monogamy begets narrow sympathies and leads to selfish idolatry4 ,the fallacy of this argument lies in the misapprehension of the term selfishness4 ,self-preservation is literally selfishness1 yet who will deny that it is a paramount duty of man4 ,if perverted1 it may be vicious1 even criminal2 but selfishness1 in so far as it is generated by monogamy1 is one of the chief elements of social economy2 furthermore1 it favors the observance of the laws of sexual hygiene4 ,as we have said elsewhere1 true love increases benevolence1 and correspondingly expands and develops the sympathies4 ,selfish idolatry is preferable to social neglect4 ,this argument will not bear a critical examination2 for it is asserted that in a happy union1 love is so exclusive that there is hardly a liking for good neighbors1 and scarcely any love at all for ,god4 ,if the good neighbors were equally blessed1 they would not suffer from this exclusiveness1 and it is practically true that there is no higher incentive to love and obey our ,maker than the blessing of a happy marriage4 ,,the ,,perpetuation ,,of ,,the ,,species4 ,the third essential object of marriage is the perpetuation of the species4 ,the desire for offspring is innate in the heart of every true man or woman4 ,it is thus a law of our nature1 and1 as such1 must have its legitimate sphere4 ,the essential features of reproduction proclaim monogamy to be the true method of procreation4 ,promiscuity would render the mother unable to designate the father of her children4 ,among lower animals1 pairing is an instinctive law whenever the female is incapable of protecting and nourishing her offspring alone4 ,during at least fifteen years1 the child is dependent for food and clothing upon its parents1 to say nothing of the requisite moral training and loving sympathy1 which1 in a great measure1 mould its character4 ,fidelity to one promotes multiplication4 ,it has been argued by the advocates of polygamy that such a system interferes with woman's natural right to maternity4 ,of the many marriages celebrated yearly1 comparatively few are sterile4 ,the statement that many single women are desirous of having children1 would apply only to a very limited number1 as it is seldom that they would be able to support children without the aid and assistance of a father4 ,promiscuity diminishes the number and vitiates1 the quality of the human products4 ,women of pleasure never give to the world sons of genius1 or daughters of moral purity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,reproduction4 ,every individual derives existence from a parent1 which word literally means one who brings forth4 ,we restrict the meaning of the term reproduction1 ordinarily1 to that function by which living bodies produce other living bodies similar to themselves4 ,production means to bring forth2 reproduction1 the producing again1 or renewing4 ,to protract individual existence1 nutrition is necessary1 because all vital changes are attended by wear and waste4 ,nutrition is always engaged in the work of reparation4 ,every organism that starts out upon its career of development depends upon nourishing materials for its growth1 and upon this renewing process for its development4 ,nutrition is all the while necessary to prolong the life of the individual1 but at length its vigor wanes1 its functions languish1 and1 finally1 the light of earthly life goes out4 ,although the single organization decays and passes away1 nevertheless the species is uninterruptedly continued2 the tidal wave of life surges higher on the shores of time1 for reproduction is as constant and stable as the attractive forces of the planetary system4 ,it is a fact1 that many species of the lower order of animals which once existed are now extinct4 ,it has been asserted and denied1 that fossil remains of man have been found1 indicating that races which once existed have disappeared from the face of the earth4 ,the pyramids are unfolding a wonderful history1 embracing a period of forty-five hundred years1 which the world of science receives as literally authentic1 and admits1 also1 that fifty-four hundred years are probably as correctly accounted for4 ,the extinction of races is not at all improbable4 ,at the present time1 the aboriginal inhabitants of this continent seem to be surely undergoing gradual extinguishment6 ,it1 therefore1 seems to be possible for a weaker race to deteriorate1 and finally become extinct1 unless the causes of their decadence can be discovered and remedied4 ,all people are admonished to earnestly investigate the essential conditions necessary for their continuance1 for the rise and fall of nations is in obedience to natural principles and operations4 ,viewed from this standpoint1 it is possible that a careful study of the human temperaments and their relations to reproduction may be of greater moment than has hitherto been supposed1 and a proper understanding of them may tend to avert that individual deterioration1 which1 if suffered to become general1 would end in national disaster and the extinction of the race4 ,until recently1 even naturalists believed that descendants were strictly like their parents in form and structure4 ,now it is known that the progeny may differ in both form and structure from the parent1 and that these may produce others still more unlike their ancestry4 ,but all these peculiar and incidental deviations finally return to the original form1 showing that these changes have definite limits1 and that the alterations observe a specific variableness1 which is finally completed by its assuming again the original form4 7,see page #af1 ,figs4 #b and #c74 ,reproduction may be sexual or non-sexual4 ,in some plants and animals it is non-sexual4 ,the propagation of species is accomplished by buds4 ,thus the gardener grafts a new variety of fruit upon an old stock4 ,the florist understands how to produce new varieties of flowers1 and make them radiantly beautiful in their bright and glowing colors4 ,the bud personates the species and produces after its kind4 ,some of the annelides1 a division of articulate animals1 characterized by an elongated body1 formed of numerous rings or annular segments1 multiply by spontaneous division4 ,a new head is formed at intervals in certain segments of the body4 7,see ,fig4 #ig74 ,something similar to this process of budding1 we find taking place in a low order of animal organization4 ,divide the fresh water polyp into several pieces1 and each one will grow into an entire animal4 ,each piece represents a polyp1 and so each parent polyp is really a compound animal1 an organized community of beings4 ,just as the buds of a tree1 when separated and engrafted upon another tree1 grow again1 each preserving its original identity1 so do the several parts of this animal1 when divided1 become individual polyps1 capable of similar reproduction4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ig4 ,an annelid dividing spontaneously1 a new head having been formed toward the hinder part of the body of the parent4 ,the revolving volvox likewise increases by growth until it becomes a society of animals1 a multiple system of individuals4 ,there are apertures from the parent1 by which water gains a free access to the interior of the whole miniature series4 ,this monad was once supposed to be a single animal1 but the microscope shows it to be a group of animals connected by means of six processes1 and each little growing volvox exhibits his red-eye speck and two long spines1 or horns4 ,these animals also multiply by dividing1 and thus liberate another series1 which1 in their turn1 reproduce other groups4 ,generation requires the concurrence of stimuli and susceptibility1 and1 to perfect the process1 two conditions are also necessary4 ,the first is the sperm1 which communicates the principle of action2 the other is the germ1 which receives the latent life and provides the conditions necessary to organic evolution4 ,the vivifying function belongs to the male1 that of nourishing and cherishing is possessed by the female2 and these conditions are sexual distinctions4 ,the former represents will and understanding2 the latter1 vitality and emotion4 ,the father directs and controls1 the mother fosters and encourages2 the former counsels and admonishes1 the latter persuades and caresses2 and their union in holy matrimony represents one2 that is1 the blending of vitality and energy1 of love and wisdom1--the elements indispensable to the initiation of life under the dual conditions of male and female1--one in the functions of reproduction4 ,let us consider the modes of ,sexual ,reproduction1 which are hermaphroditic and dioecious4 ,,hermaphroditic ,,reproduction4 ,we have said that two kinds of cells represent reproduction1 namely1 sperm and germ-cells4 ,these may be furnished by different individuals1 or both may be found in one4 ,when both are found in the same individual1 the parent is said to be a natural hermaphrodite4 ,a perfect hermaphrodite possesses the attributes of both male and female--uniting both sexes in one individual4 ,natural hermaphroditic reproduction occurs only among inferior classes of animals1 and naturalists inform us that there are a greater number of these than of the more perfect varieties4 ,these are found low in the scale of animal organization1 and one individual is able to propagate the species4 ,in the oyster and ascidians no organs can be detected in the male1 but in the female they are developed4 ,polyps1 sponges1 and cystic entozoa1 may also be included among hermaphrodites4 ,it is only very low organisms indeed in which it is a matter of indifference whether the united sperm-cells and germ-cells are those of the same individual1 or those of different individuals4 ,in more elaborate structures and highly organized beings1 the essential thing in fertilization is the union of these cells specially endowed by different bodies1 the unlikeness of derivation in these united reproductive centers being the desideratum for perpetuating life and power4 ,in other classes1 as entozoa1 there appear to be special provisions whereby the sperm-cells and germ-cells may be united2 i4e41 the male organs are developed and so disposed as to fecundate the ova of the same individual4 ,sexual and non-sexual modes of reproduction are illustrated by that well-defined group of marine invertebrate animals1 called cirripedia ,fig4 #ih represents one of this genus4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ih4 ,pollicipes ,mitella4 ,some of these are not only capable of self-impregnation1 but likewise have what are called complemental males attache to some of the hermaphrodites4 ,in the whole animal kingdom1 it may be doubted if there exists another such class of rudimentary creatures as the parasitic males1 who possess neither mouth1 stomach1 thorax1 nor abdomen4 ,after exerting a peculiar sexual influence1 they soon die and drop off2 so that in this class of animals may be found the sexual distinctions of male1 female1 and perfect hermaphrodites4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ii4 ,rotiferia2 ,brachionus ,urceolaris2 largely magnified4 ,there is a class of wheel-animalcules termed rotifera1 of which the revolving volvox is one example4 ,they have acquired this name on account of the apparent rotation of the disc-like organs which surround their mouths and are covered with cilia1 or little hairs4 ,they are minute creatures1 and can best be viewed with a microscope1 although the larger forms may be seen without such assistance4 ,they are widely diffused on the surface of the earth1 inhabit lakes as well as the ocean1 and are found in cold1 temperate1 and tropical climates4 ,the rotifera were once supposed to be hermaphrodites1 but the existence of sexes in one species has been clearly established4 ,the male1 however1 is much smaller1 and far less developed than the female4 ,in some of these species1 germ-cells1 or eggs1 are found1 which do not require fecundation for reproduction or development1 so that they belong to the non-sexual class4 ,the third variety of hermaphrodites embraces those animals in which the male organs are so disposed as not to fecundate the ova of the same body1 but require the co-operation of two individuals1 notwithstanding the co-existence in each of the organs of both sexes4 ,each in turn impregnates the other4 ,the common leech1 earth-worm1 and snail1 propagate in this manner4 ,unnatural hermaphrodism is characteristic of insects and crustaceans1 in which the whole body indicates a neutral character1 tending to exhibit the peculiarities of male or female1 in proportion to the kind of sexual organs which predominates4 ,half of the body may be occupied by male1 the other half by female organs1 and each half reflects its peculiar sexual characteristics4 ,some butterflies are dimidiate hermaphrodites2 i4e4 one side of the body has the form and color of the male1 the other the form and color of the female4 ,the wings show by their color and appearance these sexual distinctions4 ,the stag-beetle is also an example4 ,we have accounts of dimidiate hermaphrodite lobster1 male in one half and female in the other half of the body4 ,among the numerous classes of higher animals1 which have red blood1 we have heard of no well-authenticated instance of hermaphrodism1 or the complete union of all the reproductive organs in one individual4 ,true1 the term hermaphrodite is often applied to certain persons in whom there is some malformation1 deficiency1 or excess1 of the genital organs4 ,these congenital deformities consisting of combined increase or deficiency1 supernumerary organs1 or transposition of them1 which usually render generation physically impossible1 have been called bisexual hermaphrodism and classed as monstrosities4 ,we have many published accounts of them1 hence1 further reference to them here is unnecessary4 ,we would especially refer those readers who may desire to make themselves further acquainted with this interesting subject1 to the standard physiological works of ,flint1 ,foster1 ,carpenter1 ,bennett1 ,dalton1 and others equally eminent in this particular branch of science4 ,certain theories have been advanced concerning conditions which may influence the sex of the offspring4 ,one is that the right ovary furnishes the germs for males1 the left for females that the right testicle furnishes sperm capable of fecundating the germs of males1 and the left testicle1 the germs of the left ovary1 for females4 ,that fecundation sometimes takes place from right to left and thus produces these abnormal variations4 ,we merely state the hypothesis1 but do not regard it as accounting for the distinction of sex1 or as causing monstrosities1 though it is somewhat plausible as a theory1 and is not easily disproved4 ,in the lower order of animals1 as sheep and swine1 one of the testicles has been removed1 and there resulted afterward both male and female progeny1 so that the theory seems to lack facts for a foundation4 ,we sometimes witness in the child excessive development1 as five fingers1 a large cranium1 which results in dropsical effusion1 or deficient brain1 as in idiots2 sometimes a hand or arm is lacking1 or possibly there is a dual connection1 as in the case of the ,siamese twins2 or1 two heads united on one body4 ,it is difficult to give any satisfactory explanation of these abnormal developments4 ,from age to age1 the type is constant1 and preserves a race-unity4 ,the crossings of the races are only transient deviations1 not capable of perpetuation1 and quickly return again to the original stock4 ,this force is persistent1 for inasmuch as the individual represents the race1 so does his offspring represent the parental characteristics1 in tastes1 proclivities1 and morals1 as well as in organic resemblances4 ,this constancy is unaccountable1 and more mysterious than the occasional malformation of germs in the early period of foetal life4 ,if to every deviation from that original form and structure1 which gives character to the productions of nature1 we apply the term monster1 we shall find but very few1 and from this whole class there will be a very small number indeed of sexual malformations4 ,if the sexes be deprived of the generative organs1 they approach each other in disposition and appearance4 ,all those who are partly male and partly female in their organization1 unite1 to a certain extent1 the characteristics of both sexes4 ,when the female loses her prolific powers1 many of her sexual peculiarities and attractions wane4 ,,dioecious ,,reproduction4 ,dioecious is a word derived from the ,greek1 and signifies two households2 hence1 dioecious reproduction is sexual generation by male and female individuals4 ,each is distinguished by sexual characteristics4 ,the male sexual organs are complete in one individual1 and all the female organs belong to a separate feminine organization4 ,in some of the vertebrates1 impregnation does not require sexual congress2 in other words1 fecundation may take place externally4 ,the female fish of some species first deposits her ova1 and afterwards the male swims to that locality and fertilizes them with sperm4 ,in higher orders of animals1 fecundation occurs internally1 the conjunction of the sperm and germ cells requiring the conjugation of the male and female sexual organs4 ,the sperm-cells of the male furnish the quickening principle1 which sets in play all the generative energies1 while the germ-cell1 susceptible to its vivifying presence1 responds with all the conditions necessary to evolution4 ,the special laboratory which furnishes spermatic material is the testes1 while the stroma of the ovaries contributes the germ-cell4 ,several different modes of reproducing are observed when fecundation occurs within the body1 which vary according to the peculiarities and organization of the female4 ,,modes ,,of ,,dioecious ,,reproduction4--,a very familiar illustration of one mode is found in the common domestic fowl1 the egg of which vivified within the ovarium1 is afterward expelled and hatched by the simple agency of warmth4 ,this mode of reproduction is called oviparous generation4 ,the ovaries1 as well as all their latent germs1 are remarkably influenced by the first fecundation4 ,it seems to indicate monogamy as the rule of higher sexual reproduction4 ,the farmer understands that if he wishes to materially improve his cows1 the first offspring must be begotten by a better1 purer breed1 and all that follow will be essentially benefited1 even if not so well sired4 ,neither will the best blood exhibit its most desirable qualities in the calves whose mothers have previously carried inferior stock4 ,so that there are sexual ante-natal influences which may deteriorate the quality of the progeny4 ,the ,jews understood this principle1 in the raising up of sons and daughters unto a deceased brother4 ,the fact that the sexual influence of a previous conception is not lost1 is illustrated when1 in a second marriage1 the wife bears a son or daughter resembling bodily or mentally1 or in both of these respects the former husband4 ,this indicates a union for life by natural influences which never die out4 ,with some species of fish and reptiles1 the egg is impregnated internally1 and the process of laying commences immediately1 but it proceeds so slowly through the excretory passages1 that it is hatched and born alive4 ,this is called ovo-viviparous generation4 ,as we rise in the scale of organization1 animals are more completely developed1 and greater economy is displayed in their preservation4 ,the germ passes from the ovary into an organ prepared for its reception and growth1 to which1 after fecundation1 it becomes attached1 and where it remains until sufficiently developed to maintain respiratory life4 ,this organ is called the womb1 or uterus1 and is peculiar to most mammalia4 ,this mode of reproduction is termed viviparous generation4 ,the kangaroo and oppossum are provided with a pouch attached to the abdomen1 which receives the young born at an early stage of development4 ,they remain in contact with the mamm1 from which they obtain their nourishment1 until their growth is sufficiently completed to maintain an independent existence4 ,this is called marsupial generation4 ,the variety of reproduction which is most interesting1 is that of the human species1 and is called viviparous generation4 ,it includes the functions of copulation1 fecundation1 gestation1 parturition1 and lactation4 ,for the full and perfect development of mankind1 both mental and physical chastity is necessary4 ,the health demands abstinence from unlawful intercourse4 ,therefore children should not be allowed to read impure works of fiction1 which tend to inflame the mind and excite the passions4 ,only in total abstinence from illicit pleasures is there moral safety and health1 while integrity1 peace1 and happiness1 are the conscious rewards of virtue4 ,impurity travels downward with intemperance1 obscenity1 and corrupting diseases1 to degradation and death4 ,a dissolute1 licentious1 free-and-easy life is filled with the dregs of human suffering1 iniquity1 and despair4 ,the penalties which follow a violation of the law of chastity are found to be severe and swiftly retributive4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,male ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aja4 ,female ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ajb4 ,outline of the ,female ,urinary and ,generative ,organs4 ,the union of the sexes in holy matrimony is a law of nature finding sanction in both morals and legislation4 ,even some of the lower animals unite in this union for life1 and instinctively observe the law of conjugal fidelity with a consistency which might put to blush other animals more highly endowed4 ,it is important to discuss this subject and understand our social evils1 as well as the unnatural desires of the sexes1 which must be controlled or they lead to ruin4 ,sexual propensities are possessed by all1 and they must be held in abeyance1 until they are exercised for legitimate purposes4 ,hence parents ought to understand the value of mental and physical labor to elevate and strengthen the intellectual and moral faculties of their children1 to develop the muscular system and direct the energies of the blood into healthful channels4 ,vigorous employment of mind and body engrosses the vital energies and diverts them from undue excitement of the sexual desires4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,outline of the ,male ,reproductive ,organs4 ,sexual generation by pairing individuals is the most economical mode of propagating the species4 ,the lower orders of animals possess wonderful multiplicative powers and their faculty for reproduction is offset by various destructive forces4 ,the increased ability for self-maintenance implies diminished reproductive energy2 hence the necessity for greater economy and safety in rearing the young4 ,as certain larvae and insects increase1 the birds which feed upon them become more numerous4 ,when this means of support becomes inadequate1 these same birds diminish in number in proportion to the scarcity of their food4 ,many have remarked that very prolific seasons are followed by unusual mortality1 just as periods of uncommon prosperity precede those of severe disaster4 ,the increased mental and moral cultivation of mankind imposes upon them the necessity for greater physical culture4 ,wiser and weaker1 is a trite saying1 and means that the exercise of the higher nature discloses the equivalent necessity of culturing the body1 in order to support the increasing expenditures of the former4 ,mental and moral discipline are essential for a proper understanding how to provide for the body1 for physical training increases the capacity of the individual for self-preservation4 ,constant vigilance is the price of health as well as of liberty4 ,it is an interesting physiological fact that1 while the growth and development of the individual are rapidly progressing1 the reproductive powers remain almost inactive1 and that the commencement of reproduction not only indicates an arrest of growth1 but1 in a great measure1 contributes toward it4 ,from infancy to puberty1 the body and its individual organs1 structurally as well as functionally1 are in a state of gradual and progressive evolution4 ,men and women generally increase in stature until the twenty-fifth year1 and it is safe to assume that perfection of function is not established until maturity of bodily development is completed4 ,solidity and strength are represented in the organization of the male1 grace1 and beauty in that of the female4 ,his broad shoulders represent physical power and the right of dominion1 while her bosom is the symbol of love and nutrition4 ,the father encounters hardships1 struggles against difficulties1 and braves dangers to provide for his household2 the mother tenderly supplies the infant's wants1 finding relief and pleasure in imparting nourishment1 and surrounds helpless infancy with an affection which is unwearied in its countless ministering attentions4 ,her maternal functions are indicated by greater breadth of the hips4 ,physical differences so influence their mental natures1 that1 before experience has opened their eyes1 the dreams of the young man and maiden differ4 ,the development of either is in close sympathy with their organs of reproduction4 ,any defect of the latter impairs our fair ideal1 and detracts from those qualities which impart excellence1 and crown the character with perfections4 ,plainly has ,nature marked out1 in the organization1 very different offices to be performed by the sexes1 and has made these distinctions fundamental4 ,likewise1 ,nature expresses the intention of reproduction by giving to plants and animals distinctive organs for this purpose4 ,these are endowed with exquisite sensibility1 so that their proper exercise produces enjoyment beneficial to both4 ,excessive sexual indulgence not only prostrates the nervous system1 enfeebles the body1 and drains the blood of its vivifying elements1 but is inconsistent with intellectual activity1 morality1 and spiritual development4 ,the most entrancing delights and consummate enjoyments are of the emotive order1 ideal1 abstract1 and pure1 so inspiring that they overpower the grosser sensual pleasures and diffuse their own sweet chastity and refining influence over all the processes of life4 ,hence1 the gratification of the sexual instincts should always be moderate4 ,it should be regulated by the judgment and will1 and kept within the bounds of health4 ,no person has a moral right to carry this indulgence so far as to produce injurious consequences to either party1 and he who cannot refrain from it is in no proper condition to propagate his species4 ,in all culture there must be self-control1 and the practice of self-denial at the command of love and justice is always a virtue4 ,self-government is the polity of our people1 and we point with pride and laudable exultation to our political maxims1 laws1 and free institutions4 ,the family is the prototype of society4 ,if self-restraint be practiced in the marital relation1 then the principle of self-control will carry health1 strength1 and morality into all parts of the commonwealth4 ,the leading characteristics of any nation are but the reflection of the traits of its individual members1 and thus the family truly typifies the practical morality and enduring character of a people4 ,,ovulation4 ,the ,ovaries are those essential parts of the generative system of the human female in which the ova are matured4 ,there are two ovaries1 one on each side of the uterus1 and connected with it by the ,fallopian tubes2 they are ovoidal bodies about an inch in diameter1 and furnish the germs or ovules4 ,these latter are very minute1 seldom measuring #a_/abj of an inch in diameter1 and frequently are not more than half that size4 ,the ovaries develop with the growth of the female1 so that1 finally1 at the pubescent period1 they ripen and liberate an ovum1 or germ vesicle1 which is carried into the uterine cavity through the ,fallopian tubes4 ,with the aid of the microscope1 we find that these ova are composed of granular substance1 in which is found a miniature yolk surrounded by a transparent membrane1 called the zona pellucida4 ,this yolk contains a germinal vesicle in which can be discovered a nucleus1 called the germinal spot4 ,the process of the growth of the ovaries is very gradual1 and their function of ripening and discharging an ovum every month into the ,fallopian tubes and uterus is not developed until between the twelfth and fifteenth years4 ,this period1 which indicates1 by the feelings and ideas1 the desires and will1 that the subjects are capable of procreation1 is called puberty4 ,the mind acquires new and more delicate perceptions1 the person becomes plumper1 the mamm enlarge1 and there is grace and perfection in every movement1 a conscious completeness for those relations of life for which this function prepares them4 ,the period of puberty is also indicated by ,,menstruation4 ,the catamenial discharge naturally follows the ripening and liberation of an ovum1 and as the ovaries furnish one of these each month1 this monthly flow is termed the menses 7the plural of the ,latin word mensis1 which signifies a month74 ,the menstrual flow continues from three to five days1 and is merely the exudation of ordinary venous blood through the mucous lining of the cavity of the uterus4 ,at this time1 the nervous system of females is much more sensitive1 and from the fact that there is greater aptitude to conception immediately before and after this period1 it is supposed that the sexual feeling is then the strongest4 ,when impregnation occurs immediately before the appearance of the menses1 their duration is generally shortened1 but not sufficiently to establish the suspicion that conception has taken place4 ,the germ is the contribution of the female1 which provides the conditions which only require the vivifying principle of the sperm for the development of another being4 ,the period of aptitude for conception terminates at the time both ovulation and menstruation cease1 which1 unless brought about earlier by disease1 usually occurs about the forty-fifth year of her age4 ,,fecundation4 ,since in the beginning ,god created male and female1 and said unto them1 ,be fruitful1 and multiply1 and replenish the earth1 it is evident that what was originated by creation must be continued by procreation4 ,the process of generation the reader will find described on pages #ab and #ac4 ,then commences a wonderful series of transforming operations1 rudimentary changes preliminary to the formation of tissues1 structures and functions1 which finally qualify the organism for independent existence4 ,the ovum1 when expelled from the ovary1 enters the fimbriated1 or fringe-like extremity of the ,fallopian tube1 to commence at once its descent to the uterus4 ,the process of passing through this minute tube varies in different animals4 ,in birds and reptiles1 the bulk of the expelled ova is so great as to completely fill up the tube1 and it is assisted in its downward course1 partly by its own weight and partly by the peristaltic action of the muscular coat of the canal4 ,in the human subject1 however1 the ova are so minute that nature has supplied a special agent for their direct transmission2 otherwise they might be retained1 and not reach their destination4 ,accordingly1 the fimbriated1 trumpet-shaped extremity of the ,fallopian tubes1 which is nearest to the ovaries1 and1 consequently from the ovary first receives the ovum when expelled2 is provided with a series of small hairs1 termed cilia1 forming the lining or basement membrane of the tubes1 and1 the movements of these cilia being towards the uterus1 transmit1 by their vibrating motion1 the ovum from the ovary1 through the ,fallopian tubes1 to the uterus4 ,the mature ovum1 however1 is not by itself capable of being converted into the embryo4 ,it requires fecundation by the spermatic fluid of the male1 and this may take place immediately on the expulsion of the ovum from the ovary1 or during its passage through the ,fallopian tube1 or1 according to ,bischoff1 ,coste1 and others1 in the cavity of the uterus1 or even upon the surface of the ovary4 ,should impregnation1 however1 fail1 the ovum gradually loses its vitality1 and is eventually expelled by the uterine secretions4 ,it occasionally happens that the descent of the impregnated ovum is arrested1 and the formation of the embryo commences in the ovary4 ,this is termed ovarian pregnancy4 ,or again1 the ovum may be arrested in its passage through the ,fallopian tube1 causing what is termed tubal pregnancy2 or1 after it has been expelled from the ovary1 it may fail to be received by the fimbriated extremity1 and escape into the cavity of the abdomen1 forming what has been termed ventral pregnancy4 ,if the microscopic germ lodges in some slight interstice of fiber1 during its passage through the walls of the uterus1 it may be detained long enough to fix itself there1 and when this occurs1 it is termed interstitial pregnancy4 ,all these instances of extra-uterine pregnancy may necessitate the employment of surgical skill1 in order that they may terminate with safety to the mother4 ,their occurrence1 however1 is very rare4 ,the intense nervous excitement produced by the act of coition is immediately followed by a corresponding degree of depression1 and a too frequent repetition of it is necessarily injurious to health4 ,the secretions of the seminal fluid being1 like other secretions1 chiefly under the influence of the nervous system1 an expenditure of them requires a corresponding renewal4 ,this renewal greatly taxes the corporeal powers1 inducing lassitude1 nervousness1 and debility4 ,it is a well known fact that the highest degree of mental and bodily vigor is inconsistent with more than a moderate indulgence in sexual intercourse4 ,to ensure strength1 symmetry1 and high intellectual culture in the human race1 requires considerable care4 ,consideration should be exercised in the choice of a companion for life4 ,constitutional as well as hereditary ailments demand our closest attention4 ,age has also its judicious barriers4 ,as before stated1 when reproduction commences1 growth1 as a rule1 ceases1 therefore1 it is inexpedient that matrimony should be consummated before the parties have arrived at mature stature4 ,,prevention ,,of ,,conception4 ,much has been written upon the question whether married people have a right to decline the responsibilities of wedlock4 ,the practice of inducing abortion is not only immoral but criminal1 because it is destructive to both the health of the mother and the life of the embryo being4 ,if both the parties to a marriage be feeble1 or if they be not temperamentally adapted to each other1 so that their children would be deformed1 insane1 or idiotic1 then to beget offspring would be a flagrant wrong4 ,if the mother is already delicate1 possessing feeble constitutional powers1 she is inadequate to the duties of maternity1 and it is not right to lay such burdens upon her4 ,self-preservation is the first law of nature1 which all ought to respect4 ,the woman may be able to discharge the duties of a loving wife and companion1 when she cannot fulfill those of child-bearing4 ,if the husband love his wife as he ought1 he will resign all the pleasure necessary to secure her exemption from the condition of maternity4 ,it seems to us1 that it is a great wickedness1 unpardonable even1 to be so reckless of consequences1 and so devoid of all feeling1 as to expose a frail1 feeble1 affectionate woman to those perils which almost insure her death4 ,to enforce pregnancy under such circumstances is a crime4 ,every true man1 therefore1 should rather practice self-control and forbearance1 than entail on his wife such certain misery1 if not danger to life4 ,undoubtedly1 the trial is great1 but if a sacrifice be required1 let the husband forbear the gratification of passions which will assuredly be the means of developing in his delicate wife symptoms that may speedily hurry her into a premature grave4 ,before she has recovered from the effects of bearing1 nursing1 and rearing one child1 ere she has regained proper tone and vigor of body and mind1 she is unexpectedly overtaken1 surprised by the manifestation of symptoms which again indicate pregnancy4 ,children thus begotten are not apt to be hardy and long-lived4 ,from the love that parents feel for their posterity1 from their wishes for their success1 from their hopes that they may be useful from every consideration for their future well-being1 let them exercise precaution and forbearance1 until the wife becomes sufficiently healthy and enduring to bequeath her own vital stamina to the child she bears4 ,from what has been said on this subject1 it behooves the prudent husband to weigh well the injurious1 nay criminal results which may follow his lust4 ,let him not endanger the health1 and it may be the life1 of his loving and confiding wife through a lack of self-denial4 ,let him altogether refrain1 rather than be the means of untold misery and1 perhaps1 the destruction of the person demanding his most cherished love and protection4 ,on so important a subject1 we feel we should commit an unpardonable wrong were we not to speak thus plainly and openly4 ,an opportunity has been afforded us1 which it would be reprehensible to neglect4 ,we shall indeed feel we have been amply rewarded1 if these suggestive remarks of ours tend in any way to remove or alleviate the sufferings of an uncomplaining and loving wife4 ,our sympathies1 always susceptible to the conditions of sorrow and suffering1 have been enlisted to give faithfully1 explicitly1 and plainly1 warnings of danger and exhortations to prudence and nothing remains for us but to maintain the principles of morality1 and leave to the disposal of a wise and overruling ,providence the mystery of all seemingly untoward events4 ,in every condition of life1 evils arise1 and most of those which are encountered are avoidable4 ,humanity should be held accountable for those evils which it might1 but does not shun4 ,by a statute of the national government1 prevention of pregnancy is considered a punishable offense2 whereas every physician is instructed by our standard writers and lecturers on this subject1 that not only prevention is necessary in many instances1 but even abortion must sometimes be produced in order to save the mother's life4 ,as we view the matter1 the law of the national government asserts the ruling principle1 and the exceptions to it must be well established by evidence1 in order to fully justify such procedure4 ,the family physician may1 with the concurrence of other medical counselors1 be justified1 in rare cases1 in advising means for the prevention of conception1 but he should exercise this professional duty only when the responsibility is shared by other members of the profession1 and the circumstances fully and clearly warrant such a practice4 ,after fecundation1 the length of time before conception takes place is variously estimated4 ,should impregnation occur at the ovary or within the ,fallopian tubes1 usually about a week elapses before the fertilized germ enters the uterus1 so that ordinarily the interval between the act of insemination and that of conception varies from eight to fourteen days4 ,,double ,,conception4 ,if two germs be evolved simultaneously1 each may be impregnated by spermatozoa1 and a twin pregnancy be the result4 ,this is by no means a rare occurrence4 ,it is very unusual1 however1 to have one birth followed by another after an interval of three or four months1 and each babe present the evidences of full maturity4 ,perhaps such occurrences may be accounted for on the supposition that the same interval of time elapses between the impregnation of the two germs as there is difference observed in their birth2 that after the act of insemination1 sperm was carried to each ovary2 that one had matured a germ ready for fecundation1 then impregnation and conception immediately followed1 and the decidua of the uterus hermetically sealed both ,fallopian tubes1 and thus securely retained the sperm within the other ,fallopian canal4 ,the stimulus of the sperm so pent up causes that ovary to mature a germ1 although it may do so slowly1 and after two or three months it is perfected1 fertilized1 and a second conception occurs within the uterus4 ,if each embryo observe a regular period of growth and each be born at maturity1 there must be an interval of two or three months between their births4 ,but it is far more common for the parturition of the first1 displaying signs of full maturity1 to coincide with the birth of a second which is immature and which cannot sustain respiratory life4 ,the birth of the latter is brought about prematurely1 by the action of the uterus in expelling the matured child4 ,,uterine ,,pregnancy4 ,there are many who manifest a laudable desire to understand the physiology of conception1 the changes which take place1 and the order of their natural occurrence4 ,when impregnation takes place at the ovaries or within the ,fallopian tubes1 there is exuded upon the inner surface of the womb a peculiar nutritious substance4 ,it flows out of the minute porous openings surrounding the termination of the ,fallopian tube within the uterine cavity1 and1 thus1 is in readiness to receive the germ1 and retain it there until it becomes attached4 ,undoubtedly1 the germ imbibes materials from this matter for its nurture and growth4 ,this membranous substance is termed the decidua1 and disappears after conception is insured4 ,two membranes form around the embryo2 the inner one is called the amnion1 the outer one the chorion4 ,both serve for the protection of the embryo1 and the inner one contains the liquor amnii1 in which it floats during intra-uterine life4 ,immediately after conception1 the small glands in the neck of the uterus usually throw out a sticky secretion1 filling the canal1 or uniting its sides1 so that nothing can enter or leave the uterine cavity4 ,the fertilized ovum rapidly develops4 ,after its conception it imbibes nourishment1 and there is a disposition in fluids to pass into it1 through its delicately-organized membranes4 ,if this process is not involuntary1 it is1 at all events1 at the convenience and use of the developing germ4 ,after three months the embryo is termed the foetus4 ,its fluids are then so much more highly organized1 that some of them are tinged with sanguine hues1 and thenceforward acquire the characteristics of red blood4 ,out of red blood1 blood-vessels are formed1 and from the incipient development of the heart follow faint lines of arteries1 and the engineers of nutrition survey a circulatory system1 perfecting the vascular connections by supplementing the arteries with a complete net-work of veins and capillaries4 ,,the ,,placenta ,,or ,,afterbirth4 ,whenever conception occurs1 a soft1 spongy substance is formed between the uterus and the growing ovum1 called the placenta4 ,it is composed of membrane1 cellular tissue1 blood-vessels1 and connecting filaments4 ,the principal use of this organ seems to be to decarbonate the blood of the foetus1 and to supply it with oxygen4 ,it performs the same function for the foetus that the lungs do for the organism after birth4 ,it allows the blood of the foetus to come into very close contact with that of the mother1 from which it receives a supply of oxygen1 and to which it gives up carbonic acid4 ,this interchange of gases takes place in the placenta1 or between it and the uterus1 through the intervening membranes4 ,this decarbonating function requires the agency of the maternal lungs1 for the purpose of oxygenating the mother's blood4 ,the placenta is attached to the uterus by simple adhesion4 ,true1 in some instances1 morbid adhesion takes place1 or a growing together in consequence of inflammation1 but the natural junction is one merely of contact1 the membranes of the placenta spreading out upon the cavity of the uterus1 so that1 finally1 the former may be entirely removed without a particle of disturbance or injury to the latter4 ,formerly1 it was supposed that the placental vessels penetrated into the substance of the uterus4 ,we know now there is no such continuation of the vessels of the one into the other4 ,the decarbonation of the blood requires the placental and uterine membranes to be in contact with each other4 ,if the union were vascular1 the mother's blood would circulate in the foetal body1 and the impulses of the maternal heart might prove too strong for the delicate organism of the embryo4 ,besides1 the separation of the placenta from the uterus might prove fatal to both parent and offspring4 ,the placenta is only a temporary organ1 and when its functions are no longer required1 it is easily and safely removed4 ,,the ,,umbilical ,,cord4 ,the foetal blood is transmitted to and fro between the body of the child and the placenta1 by a cord which contains two arteries and one vein4 ,this is called the umbilical cord1 because it enters the body at the middle of the abdominal region1 or umbilicus4 ,it is composed1 also1 of its own proper membranous sheath1 or skin1 and cellular tissues1 besides the blood-vessels4 ,two months after pregnancy1 this cord can be seen1 when it commences to grow rapidly4 ,,quickening4 ,not until the mother feels motion is she said to be quick with child4 ,that is1 the child must be old and strong enough to communicate a physical impulse1 which the mother can distinctly perceive1 before it is regarded as having received life4 ,this is a fallacy1 for the germ has to be endowed with life before organization can begin4 ,the act of impregnation communicates the vital principle1 and from that moment it starts upon its career of development4 ,a long period elapses after this occurs before it can make the mother feel its motions4 ,before quickening1 the attempt to destroy the foetus is not considered so grave a crime by our laws1 but after this quickening takes place1 it is deemed a felony4 ,,the ,,right ,,to ,,terminate ,,pregnancy4 ,the expediency and the moral right to prematurely terminate pregnancy must be admitted when weighty and sufficient reasons for it exist4 ,such a course should never be undertaken1 however1 without the advice and approval of the family physician1 and1 whenever it is possible1 the counsel of another medical practitioner should be obtained4 ,there may be so great a malformation of the pelvic bones as to preclude delivery at full term1 or1 as in some instances1 the pregnant condition may endanger the life of the mother1 because she is not able to retain nourishment upon the stomach4 ,in such cases only1 is interference warranted1 and even then the advice of some well-informed physician should be first obtained1 to make sure that the life of the mother is endangered before so extreme a measure is resorted to4 ,those who are qualified for maternal duties should not undertake to defeat the intentions of nature1 simply because they love ease and dislike responsibility4 ,such persons may be considered genteel ladies1 but1 practically1 they are indifferent to the claims of society and posterity4 ,how such selfishness contrasts with the glorious1 heroic1 ,spartan spirit of the young woman who consulted us in reference to the acceptance of a tempting offer of marriage6 ,she was below medium size and delicately organized4 ,she hesitated in her answer1 because she was uncertain as to her duty to herself1 and to her proposed husband1 and on account of the prospective contingencies of matrimony4 ,after she was told that it was doubtful whether she could discharge the obligations of maternity with safety to herself1 and yet that she might prove to her intended husband a true and valuable wife1 she quickly answered1 her black eyes radiant with the high purpose of her soul3 ,if ,i assent to this offer1 ,i shall accept the condition and its consequences also1 even if pregnancy be my lot and ,i know it will cost me my life6 ,she acceded to the proposal1 and years found them one in happiness2 then a daughter was born1 but the bearing and nursing were too much for her delicate constitution1 and she continued to sink until she found rest in the grave4 ,of all her beautiful and noble sayings1 none reflect more moral grandeur of spirit than the one in which she expressed her purpose to prove true to posterity4 ,,the ,,signs ,,of ,,pregnancy4 ,the symptoms which indicate pregnancy are cessation of the menses1 enlargement of the mamm1 nausea1 especially in the morning1 distention of the abdomen1 and movement of the foetus4 ,a married woman has reason to suspect that she may have conceived1 when1 at the proper time1 she fails to menstruate1 especially when she knows that she is liable to become pregnant4 ,a second menstrual failure strengthens this suspicion1 although there are many other causes which might prevent the appearance of the menses1 such as disease of the uterus1 general debility1 or taking cold1 and all of these should be taken into account4 ,in the absence of all apparent influences calculated to obstruct the menses1 the presumption ordinarily is that pregnancy is the cause of their non-appearance4 ,the evidence is still more conclusive when the mamm and abdomen enlarge after experiencing morning sickness4 ,notwithstanding all these symptoms1 the audible sound of the heart1 or the movements of the foetus1 are the only infallible signs of a pregnant condition4 ,,the ,,duration ,,of ,,pregnancy4 ,the ordinary duration of pregnancy is about forty weeks1 or #bhj days4 ,it is difficult to foretell exactly when a pregnancy will be completed1 for it cannot be known precisely when it began4 ,some gestations are more protracted than others1 but the average duration is the time we have given4 ,a very reasonable way to compute the term1 is to reckon three months back from the day when the menses ceased and then add five days to that time1 which will be the date of the expected time of confinement4 ,it is customary1 also1 for women to count from the middle of the month after the last appearance of the menses1 and then allow ten lunar months for the term4 ,this computation generally proves correct1 except in those instances in which conception takes place immediately before the fast appearance of the catamenia4 ,a few women can forecast the time of labor from the occurrence of quickening1 by allowing eighteen weeks for the time which has elapsed since conception1 and twenty-two more for the time yet to elapse before the confinement4 ,with those in whom quickening occurs regularly in a certain week of pregnancy1 this calculation may prove nearly correct4 ,the ,english law fixes no precise limit for the legitimacy of the child4 ,in ,france a child is regarded as lawfully begotten if born within three hundred days after the death or departure of the husband4 ,there are a sufficient number of cases on record to show that gestation may be prolonged two1 and even three1 weeks beyond the ordinary1 or average term4 ,the variation of time may be thus accounted for3 after insemination1 a considerable interval elapses before fecundation takes place1 and the passage of the fertilized germ from the ovary to the uterus is also liable to be retarded4 ,there are many circumstances and conditions which might serve to diminish its ordinary rate of progress1 and postpone the date of conception4 ,this would materially lengthen the apparent time of gestation4 ,it is likewise difficult to determine the shortest period at which gestation may terminate1 and the child be able to survive4 ,a child may be born and continue to live for some months1 after twenty-four or twenty-five weeks of gestation2 it was so decided1 at least1 in an ecclesiastical trial4 ,we have not the space to describe minutely1 or at length1 the formation and growth of the foetal structures1 and trace them separately from their origin to their completion at the birth of the child4 ,the student of medicine must gain information by consulting large works and exhaustive treatises on this interesting subject4 ,what trifling contingencies defeat vitality6 ,conception may be prevented by acrid secretions1 the result of disease of the reproductive organs4 ,leucorrheal matter may destroy the vitalizing power of the sperm-cells4 ,there are many ways1 even after impregnation1 of compromising the existence of the frail embryo4 ,accidents1 injuries1 falls1 blows1 acute diseases1 insufficient nutrition and development1 in fact1 a great variety of occurrences may destroy the life of the embryo1 or foetus4 ,after birth1 numerous diseases menace the child4 ,by what constant care must it ever be surrounded1 and how often is it snatched from the very jaws of death6 ,what1 then1 is man but simply a germ1 evolving higher powers1 and destined for a purer and nobler existence6 ,his latent life secretly emerges from mysterious obscurity1 is incarnated1 and borne upon the flowing stream of time to a spiritual destination--to realms of immortality6 ,as he nears those ever-blooming shores1 the eye of faith1 illuminated by the inspired word1 dimly discerns the perennial glories4 ,quickened by ,faith1 ,hope1 and ,love1 his spirit is transplanted into the garden of paradise1 the ,eden of happiness1 redeemed1 perfected1 and made glorious in the divine image of ,him who hath said1 ,i am the ,way1 the ,truth1 and the ,,life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,hygiene4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,hygiene ,,defined4--,,pure ,,air4 ,the object of hygiene is the preservation of health4 ,hitherto1 we have considered1 at some length1 the science of functions1 or ,physiology1 and now1 under the head of ,hygiene1 we will give an outline of the means of maintaining the functional integrity of the system4 ,it is difficult to avoid including under this head ,preventive ,medicine1 the special province of which is to abate1 remove1 or destroy the many causes of disease4 ,the ,greeks bestowed divine honors upon ,aesculapius1 because he remedied the evils of mankind and healed the sick4 ,the word hygiene is derived from ,hygeia1 the name of the ,greek goddess of health4 ,as male and female are made one in wedlock1 so ,medicine and ,hygiene1 restoration and preservation1 are inseparably united4 ,hygiene inculcates sanitary discipline1 medicine1 remedial discipline2 hygiene prescribes healthful agencies1 medical theory and practice1 medicinal agencies2 hygiene ministers with salubrious and salutary agents1 medicine assuages with rectifying properties and qualities2 hygiene upholds and sustains1 medical practice corrects and heals2 the one is preservative and conservative1 the other curative and restorative4 ,these discriminations are as radical as health and sickness1 as distinct as physiology and pathology1 and to confound them is as unnatural as to look for the beauties of health in the chamber of sickness4 ,the true physician brings to his aid ,physiology1 ,hygiene1 and ,medicine1 and combines the science of the former with the art of the latter1 that restoration may be made permanent1 and the health preserved by the aid of hygiene4 ,but when any one makes ,hygiene exclusively the physician1 or deals wholly in hygienic regulations with little respect for physiology1 or lavishly advertises with hygienic prefixes1 we may at once consider it a display1 not of genuine scientific knowledge1 but only of the ignorance of a quack4 ,some of the modern twaddle about health is a conglomeration of the poorest kind of trash1 expressing and inculcating more errors and whims than it does common sense4 ,many persons dilate upon these subjects with amazing flippancy1 their mission seeming to be to traduce the profession rather than to act as help-mates and assistants4 ,we do not believe that there is any real argument going on between the educated members of the medical profession but rather that the senseless clamor we occasionally hear comes only from the stampede of some routed1 demoralized company of quacks4 ,in the following pages we shall introduce to the reader's attention several important hygienic subjects1 although there are many more that ought to receive special notice4 ,such as we do mention1 demand universal attention1 because a disregard of the conditions which we shall enumerate1 is fraught with great danger4 ,our lives are lengthened or shortened by the observance or neglect of the rules of common sense1 and these do not require any great personal sacrifice1 or the practice of absurd precautions4 ,,pure ,,air ,,for ,,respiration4 ,ordinary atmospheric air contains nearly #b1ajj parts of oxygen and #g1ijj of nitrogen1 and about three parts of carbonic acid1 in #aj1jjj parts2 expired air contains about #dgj parts of carbonic acid1 and only between #aejj and #afjj parts of oxygen1 while the quantity of nitrogen undergoes little or no alteration4 ,thus air which has been breathed has lost about five per cent4 of oxygen and has gained nearly five per cent4 of carbonic acid4 ,in addition the expired air contains a greater or less quantity of highly decomposable animal matter1 and1 however dry the atmospheric air may be1 the expired air is always saturated with watery vapor1 and1 no matter what the temperature of the external air may be1 that of the exhaled air is always nearly as warm as the blood4 ,an adult man on a average breathes about sixteen times in a minute and at every inspiration takes in about thirty cubic inches of air1 and at every expiration exhales about the same amount4 ,hence1 it follows that about #af-b_/c cubic feet of air are passed through the lungs of an adult man every hour1 and deprived of oxygen and charged with carbonic acid to the amount of nearly five per cent4 ,the more nearly the composition of the external air approaches that of the expired air1 the slower will be the diffusion of carbonic acid outwards and of oxygen inwards1 and the more charged with carbonic acid and deficient in oxygen will the blood in the lungs become4 ,asphyxia takes place whenever the proportion of carbonic acid in the external air reaches ten per cent41 providing the oxygen is diminished in like proportion1 and it does not matter whether this condition of the external air is produced by shutting out fresh air from a room or by increasing the number of persons who are consuming the same air2 or by permitting the air to be deprived of oxygen by combustion by a fire4 ,a deficiency of oxygen and an accumulation of carbonic acid in the atmosphere1 produce injurious effects1 however1 long before the asphyxiating point is attained4 ,headache1 drowsiness1 and uneasiness occur when less than one per cent4 of the oxygen of the atmosphere is replaced by other matters1 and the constant breathing of such an atmosphere lowers vitality and predisposes to disease4 ,therefore1 every human being should be supplied1 by proper ventilation1 with a sufficient supply of fresh air4 ,every adult individual ought to have at least #hjj cubic feet of air-space to himself1 and this space ought to communicate freely with the external atmosphere by means of direct or indirect channels4 ,hence1 a sleeping-room for one adult person should not be less than nine by ten feet in breadth and length and nine feet in height4 ,what occurred in the ,black ,hole at ,calcutta is an excellent illustration of the effect of vitiated air4 ,one hundred and forty-six ,englishmen were confined in a room eighteen feet square1 with two small windows on one side to admit air4 ,ten hours after their imprisonment1 only twenty-three were alive4 ,,ventilation ,,of ,,school ,,rooms4 ,the depression and faintness from which many students suffer1 after being confined in a poorly ventilated school room1 is clearly traceable to vitiated air1 while the evil is often ascribed to excessive mental exertion4 ,the effect of ventilation upon the health of students is a subject of universal interest to parents and educators1 and at present is receiving the marked attention of school authorities4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,windsor1 of ,winchester1 ,mass41 made a few pertinent remarks upon this subject in the annual report of the ,state ,board of ,health1 of ,massachusetts1 #ahgd4 ,one of the institutions1 which was spoken of in the report of #ahgc1 as a model1 in the warming and ventilation of which much care had been bestowed1 was visited in ,december1 #ahgc4 ,he reports as follows3 ,i visited several of the rooms1 and found the air in all1 offensive to the smell1 the odor being such as one would imagine old boots1 dirty clothes1 and perspiration would make if boiled down together2 again1 in the new model school-house the hot air enters at two registers in the floor on one side1 and makes 7or is supposed to make7 its exit by a ventilator at the floor1 on the other side of the room4 ,the master said the air was supposed to have some degree of intelligence1 and to know that the ventilator was its proper exit4 ,thorough ventilation has been neglected by many school officials on account of the increased expense it causes4 ,in our climate1 during seven months at least1 pure atmospheric air must be paid for4 ,the construction of vertical ducts1 the extra amount of fuel1 and the attendant expenditures are the objections which1 in the opinion of many persons1 outweigh the health and happiness of the future generation4 ,it is necessary for the proper ventilation of our school rooms that an adequate supply of fresh air should be admitted1 which should be warmed before being admitted to the room1 and which should be discharged as contaminated1 after its expiration4 ,the proper ventilation of the school room consists in the warming and introduction of fresh air from without1 and the discharge of the expired and unwholesome air from within4 ,this may be accomplished by means of doors1 windows1 chimneys1 and finally by ventilators placed1 one near the level of the floor1 and the other near the ceiling of the room4 ,the ventilators ought to be arranged on the opposite sides of the room1 in order to insure a current1 and an abundant supply of air4 ,when trustees and patrons realize that pure air is absolutely essential to health1 and that their children are being slowly poisoned by the foul air of school rooms1 then they will construct our halls of learning with a due regard for the laws of hygiene1 and students will not droop under their tasks on account of the absence of ,nature's most bountiful gift1 pure air4 ,,ventilation ,,of ,,factories ,,and ,,workshops4 ,this is a subject which demands the immediate attention of manufacturers and employers4 ,the odors of oil1 coal gas1 and animal products1 render the air foul and stagnant1 and often give rise to violent diseases among the operatives4 ,from two to four hundred persons are often confined in workshops six hundred feet long1 with no means of ventilation except windows on one side only4 ,the air is breathed and re-breathed1 until the operatives complain of languor and headache1 which they attribute to overwork4 ,the real cause of the headache is the inhalation of foul air at every expansion of the lungs4 ,if the proprietors would provide efficient means for ventilating their workshops1 the cost of construction would be repaid with compound interest1 in the better health of their operatives and the consequent increase of labor4 ,our manufacturers must learn and practice the great principle of political economy1 namely1 that the interests of the laborer and employer are mutual4 ,,ventilation ,,of ,,our ,,dwellings4 ,not less important is the ventilation of our dwellings2 each apartment should be provided with some channel for the escape of the noxious vapors constantly accumulating4 ,most of the tenements occupied by the poor of our cities are literally dens of poison4 ,their children inhale disease with their earliest breath4 ,what wonder that our streets are filled with squalid1 wan-visaged children6 ,charity1 indeed1 visits these miserable homes1 bringing garments and food to their half-famished inmates2 but she has been slow to learn that fresh air is just as essential to life as food or clothing4 ,care should be taken by the public authorities of every city1 that its tenement houses do not degenerate into foul hovels1 like those of the poor ,english laborer1 so graphically portrayed by ,dickens4 ,but ill-ventilated rooms are not found exclusively in the abodes of the poor4 ,true1 in the homes of luxury1 the effect of vitiated air is modified by food1 etc4 ,men of wealth give far more attention to the architecture and adornment of their houses1 to costly decorations and expensive furniture1 than to proper ventilation4 ,farmers1 too1 are careless in the construction of their cottages4 ,their dwellings are often built1 for convenience1 in too close proximity to the barn4 ,because they do not construct a suitable sewer or drain1 the filth and refuse food is thrown out of the back door1 where it accumulates and undergoes putrefaction2 the vitiated air penetrates the interior of the house1 and1 there being no means of ventilation1 it remains to be breathed by the occupants4 ,the result is1 that for the sake of saving a few dollars1 which ought to be expended in the construction of necessary flues and sewers1 the farmer often sees the child he prizes far more than his broad acres gradually decline1 or suddenly fall a victim to fevers or malignant disease4 ,parents1 make your homes healthy1 let in the pure1 fresh air and bright sunlight1 so that your conscience may never upbraid you with being neglectful of the health and lives of your little ones4 ,,site ,,for ,,homes4 ,,malaria4 ,when about to construct our residences1 besides securing proper ventilation and adequate drainage1 we ought to select the location for a home on dry soil4 ,low levels1 damp surroundings1 and marshy localities not only breed malaria and fevers1 but are a prolific cause of colds1 coughs1 and consumption4 ,care should be taken not to locate a dwelling where the natural currents of air1 or high winds1 will be likely to bring the poison of decayed vegetable matter from low lands4 ,certain brooks1 boggy land1 ponds1 foggy localities1 too much shade1 all these are favorable to the development of disease4 ,then the walls of a building should be so constructed as to admit air between the exterior and interior surfaces1 otherwise the interior of the house will be damp and unwholesome4 ,in the dead of winter in northern latitudes the house ought to be kept slightly tempered with warmth1 both night and day1 a condition very favorable to the introduction and change of atmospheric currents4 ,the invigorating tendencies of a dry1 pure atmosphere are remarkably beneficial1 while air charged with moisture and decay is exceedingly baneful1 introducing diseases under various forms4 ,neither should the dwelling be shaded by dense foliage4 ,the dampness of the leaves tends to attract malaria4 ,trees growing a little distance from the house1 however1 obstruct the transmission of unhealthy vapors arising beyond them4 ,malaria generally lurks near the surface of the earth1 and seems to be more abundant in the night time4 ,persons sleeping in the upper story of a house may escape its morbid influence1 while those occupying apartments on the lower floor1 become affected4 ,,damp ,,cellars4 ,damp cellars1 under residences1 are a fruitful cause of disease4 ,dr4 ,sanford ,b4 ,hunt1 in an article in the ,newark ,daily ,advertiser1 speaking of the recent epidemic of diphtheria in ,new ,york ,city1 says3 ,pestilences that come bodily1 like cholera1 are faced and beaten by sanitary measures4 ,those which come more subtly need for their defeat only a higher detective ability and a closer study of causes1 many of which are known1 but hidden under the cellars of our houses1 and which at last are only preventable by public authority and at public expense in letting out the imprisoned dampness which saturates the earth on which our dwellings are built4 ,where wood rots1 men decay4 ,this is clearly shown in the sanitary map printed in the ,times4 ,in the great district surrounding ,central ,park1 and which participates in its drainage system1 there are no cases4 ,on the whole line of ,fifth ,avenue there are none4 ,the exempt districts are clearly defined by the character of the soil1 drainage1 and sewerage1 and by the topography1 which either has natural or artificial drainage1 but most of which is so dry that only surface-water and house-filth--which does not exist in those palaces--can affect the health of the residents4 ,but in the tenement houses and on the made lands where running streams have been filled in and natural springs choked up by earth fillings1 diphtheria finds a nidus in which to develop itself4 ,the sanitary map coincides precisely with the topographic map made by ,gen4 ,viele4 ,where he locates buried springs and water-courses1 there we find the plague spots of diphtheria and in the same places1 on previous maps prepared by the ,board of ,health1 we find other low types and stealthy diseases1 such as typhoid and irruptive fevers1 and there we shall find them again when the summer and autumnal pestilences have yielded place to those which belong to the indoor poisoned air in the winter4 ,the experience of other cities1 notably ,london and ,dublin1 once plague spots and now as healthy as any spot on earth1 proves that most of the causations of disease are within the control of the competent sanitary engineer1 even in localities crowded beyond ,american knowledge1 and houses built upon soil saturated for centuries with the offal of successive and uncleanly generations4 ,wet earth1 kept wet by the boiling up of imprisoned springs1 is a focus of disease4 ,dry earth is one of the most perfect deodorizers1 the best of oxydizers and absorbents1 destroying the germs of disease with wonderful certainty4 ,on those two facts rests the theory of public hygiene4 ,,dust ,,and ,,disease4 ,the air we breathe is heavily loaded with minute particles of floating dust1 their presence being revealed only by intense local illumination4 ,professor ,tyndall says3 solar light1 in passing through a dark room1 reveals its track by illuminating the dust floating in the air4 ',the sun1' says ,daniel ,culverwell1 'discovers atoms1 though they be invisible by candle-light1 and makes them dance naked in his beams4' ,after giving the details and results of a series of experiments in which he attempted to extract the dust from the air of the ,royal ,institute by passing it through a tube containing fragments of glass wetted with concentrated sulphuric acid1 and thence through a second tube containing fragments of marble wetted with a strong solution of caustic potash1 which experiments were attended with perfect failure1 the ,professor continues1 ,i tried to intercept this floating matter in various ways2 and on the day just mentioned1 prior to sending the air through the drying apparatus1 ,i carefully permitted it to pass over the tip of a spirit-lamp flame4 ,the floating matter no longer appeared1 having been burnt up by the flame4 ,it was1 therefore1 of organic origin4 ,i was by no means prepared for this result2 for ,i had thought that the dust of our air was1 in great part1 inorganic and non-combustile4 ,in a foot note he says1 according to an analysis kindly furnished me by ,dr4 ,percy1 the dust collected from the walls of the ,british ,museum contains fully fifty per cent of inorganic matter4 ,i have every confidence in the results of this distinguished chemist2 they show that the floating dust of our rooms is1 as it were1 winnowed from the heavier matter4 ,again he says3 the air of our ,london rooms is loaded with this organic dust1 nor is the country air free from its presence4 ,however ordinary daylight may permit it to disguise itself1 a sufficiently powerful beam causes dust suspended in air to appear almost as a semi-solid4 ,nobody could1 in the first instance1 without repugnance1 place the mouth at the illuminated focus of the electric beam and inhale the thickly-massed dust revealed there4 ,nor is the repugnance abolished by the reflection that1 although we do not see the floating particles1 we are taking them into our lungs every hour and minute of our lives4 ,the notion was expressed by ,kircher and favored by ,linnaeus1 that epidemic diseases are due to germs which float in the atmosphere1 enter the body1 and produce disturbance by the development within the body of parasitic life4 ,while it was struggling against great odds1 this theory found an expounder and a defender in the ,president of this institution4 ,at a time when most of his medical brethren considered it a wild dream1 ,sir ,henry ,holland contended that some form of the germ-theory was probably true4 ,professor ,tyndall proposes means by the application of which air loaded with noxious particles may be freed from them before entering the air passages4 ,the following embodies his suggestions on this point3 ,,cotton-,,wool ,,respirator4 ,i now empty my lungs as perfectly as possible1 and placing a handful of cotton-wool against my mouth and nostrils1 inhale through it4 ,there is no difficulty in thus filling the lungs with air4 ,on expiring this air through a glass tube1 its freedom from floating matter is at once manifest4 ,from the very beginning of the act of expiration the beam is pierced by a black aperture4 ,the first puff from the lungs abolishes the illuminated dust1 and puts a patch of darkness in its place2 and the darkness continues throughout the entire course of the expiration4 ,when the tube is placed below the beam and moved to and fro1 the same smoke-like appearance as that obtained with a flame is observed4 ,in short1 the cotton-wool1 when used in sufficient quantity1 and with due care1 completely intercepts the floating matter on its way to the lungs4 ,the application of these experiments is obvious4 ,if a physician wishes to hold back from the lungs of his patient1 or from his own1 the germs or virus by which contagious disease is propagated1 he will employ a cotton-wool respirator4 ,if perfectly filtered1 attendants may breathe the air unharmed4 ,in all probability the protection of the lungs and mouth will be the protection of the entire system4 ,for it is exceedingly probable that the germs which lodge in the air-passages1 or find their way with the saliva into the stomach with its absorbent system1 are those which sow in the body epidemic disease4 ,if this be so1 then disease can be warded off by carefully prepared filters of cotton-wool4 ,i should be most willing to test their efficacy in my own person4 ,but apart from all doubtful applications1 it is perfectly certain that various noxious trades in ,england may be rendered harmless by the use of such filters4 ,i have had conclusive evidence of this from people engaged in such trades4 ,a form of respirator devised by ,mr4 ,garrick1 a hotel proprietor in ,glasgow1 in which inhalation and exhalation occur through two different valves1 the one permitting the air to enter through the cotton-wool1 and the other permitting the exit of the air direct into the atmosphere1 is well adapted for this purpose4 ,but other forms might readily be devised4 ,,light ,,and ,,health4 ,our dwellings ought freely to admit the sunlight4 ,diseases which have baffled the skill of physicians have been known to yield when the patients were removed from dark rooms to light and cheerful apartments4 ,lavoisier placed light1 as an agent of health1 even before pure air4 ,plants which grow in the shade are slender and weak1 and children brought up in dark rooms are pale1 sallow1 and rickety4 ,it is a bad practice to avoid the sunlight through fear of spoiling the complexion1 since the sun's rays are necessary to give to it the delicate tints of beauty and health4 ,air is necessary for the first inspiration and the last expiration of our lives1 but the purity and healthfulness of the atmosphere depend upon the warming rays of the sun1 while our bodies require light in order that their functions may be properly performed4 ,we know that without solar light1 there can be no proper vegetable growth1 and it is equally necessary for the beauty and perfection of animal development4 ,our dwellings should therefore be well lighted and made as bright and cheerful as possible4 ,women who curtain the windows1 soften the light1 and tint the room with some mellow shade1 may do so in order to hide their own faulty complexions4 ,the skin of persons confined in dungeons or in deep mines becomes pale or sickly yellow1 the blood grows watery1 the skin blotches1 and dropsy often intervenes4 ,on the other hand1 invalids carried out from darkened chambers into the bright sunlight are stimulated1 the skin browns1 nutrition becomes more active1 the blood improves1 and they become convalescent4 ,light is especially necessary for the healthy growth of children4 ,there is nothing more beautiful and exhilarating than the glorious sunlight4 ,let its luminous1 warming1 and physiological forces come freely into our dwellings1 enter into the chemistry of life1 animate the spirits1 and pervade our homes and our hearts with its joy-inspiring and health-imparting influences4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,food4 ,,beverages4 ,,alcoholic ,,liquors4 ,,clothing4 ,the human body is continually undergoing changes1 which commence with the earliest dawn of existence and end only with death4 ,the old and worn-out materials are constantly being removed to make room for the new4 ,growth and development1 as well as the elimination of worn-out and useless matter1 continually require new supplies1 which are to be derived from our food4 ,to fulfill these demands it is necessary that the nutriment should be of the proper quality1 and of sufficient variety to furnish all the constituents of the healthy body4 ,in order that food may be of utility1 like other building materials1 it must undergo preparation2 the crude substance must be worked up into proper condition and shape for use1 in other words1 it must be digested4 ,but this does not end the process of supply1 each different substance must be taken by the different bands of workmen1 after due preparation in the workshop1 to its appropriate locality in the structure1 and there fitted into its proper place2 this is assimilation4 ,in reality it becomes a portion of the body1 and is advantageous in maintaining the symmetry and usefulness of the part to which it is assigned2 this constitutes the ultimate object of food1 nutrition4 ,,eating is the process of receiving the food into the mouth1 i4e41 prehension2 mastication and insalivation--minutely dividing and mixing it with the saliva2 deglutition--conveying it to the stomach4 ,plenty of time should be taken at meals to thoroughly masticate the food and mix it with the saliva1 which1 being one of the natural solvents1 favors its farther solution by the juices of the stomach2 the healthy action of the digestive powers is favored by tranquility of mind1 agreeable associations1 and pleasant conversation while eating4 ,it is proverbial of the ,american people that they bolt their food whole1 washing it down with various fluids1 thus forcing the stomach to perform not only its own duties1 but also those of the teeth and salivary glands4 ,this manner of dispatching food1 which should go through the natural process above described1 is not without its baleful consequences1 for the ,americans are called a nation of dyspeptics4 ,eating slowly1 masticating the food thoroughly1 and drinking but moderately during meals1 will allow the juices of the stomach to fulfill their proper function1 and healthy digestion and nutrition will result4 ,if the food is swallowed nearly whole1 not only will a longer time be required for its solution1 but frequently it will ferment and begin to decay before nutritive transformation can be effected1 even when the gastric juice is undiluted with the fluids which the hurried eater imbibes during his meal4 ,,regularity ,,of ,,meals cannot be too strongly insisted upon4 ,the stomach1 as well as other parts of the body1 must have intervals of rest or its energies are soon exhausted1 its functions impaired1 and dyspepsia is the result4 ,nothing of the character of food should ever be taken except at regular meal times4 ,some persons are munching cakes1 apples1 nuts1 candies1 etc41 at all hours1 and then wonder why they have weak stomachs4 ,they take their meals regularly1 and neither eat rapidly nor too much1 and yet they are troubled with indigestion4 ,the truth is they keep their stomachs almost constantly at work1 and hence tired out1 which is the occasion of the annoyance and distress they experience4 ,,eating ,,too ,,much4 ,it should always be remembered that the nutrition of our bodies does not depend upon the amount eaten1 but upon the amount that is digested4 ,eating too much is nearly as bad as swallowing the food whole4 ,the stomach is unable to digest all of it1 and it ferments and gives rise to unpleasant results4 ,the unnatural distention of the stomach with food causes it to press upon the neighboring organs1 interfering with the proper performance of their functions1 and1 if frequently repeated1 gives rise to serious disease4 ,people more frequently eat too much than too little1 and to omit a meal when the stomach is slightly deranged is frequently the best medicine4 ,it is an excellent plan to rise from the table before the desire for food is quite satisfied4 ,,late ,,suppers4 ,it is generally conceded that late suppers are injurious1 and should never be indulged in4 ,persons who dine late have little need of food after their dinner1 unless they are kept up until a late hour4 ,in such cases a moderate meal may be allowed1 but it should be eaten two or three hours before retiring4 ,those who dine in the middle of the day should have supper1 but sufficiently early so that a proper length of time may elapse before going to bed1 in order that active digestion may not be required during sleep4 ,on the other hand1 it is not advisable to go wholly without this meal1 but the food eaten should be light1 easily digestible1 and moderate in quantity4 ,persons who indulge in hearty suppers at late hours1 usually experience a poor night's rest1 and wake the next morning unrefreshed1 with a headache and a deranged stomach4 ,occasionally more serious consequences follow2 gastric disorders result1 apoplexy is induced2 or1 perhaps1 the individual never wakes4 ,,feeding ,,infants4 ,for at least six or seven months after birth1 the most appropriate food for an infant is its mother's milk1 which1 when the parent is healthy1 is rich in all the elements necessary for its growth and support4 ,next to the mother's milk1 that of a healthy nurse should be preferred2 in the absence of both1 milk from a cow that has recently calved is the most natural substitute1 in the proportion of one part water to two parts milk1 slightly sweetened4 ,the milk used should be from but one cow4 ,all sorts of paps1 gruels1 panadas1 cordials1 laxatives1 etc41 should be strictly prohibited1 for their employment as food cannot be too severely censured4 ,vomiting1 diarrhea1 colic1 green stools1 griping1 etc41 are the inevitable results of their continued use4 ,the child should be fed at regular intervals1 of about two hours1 and be limited to a proper amount each time1 which1 during the first month1 is about two ounces4 ,from #aa ,p4,m4 to #e ,a4,m4 the child should be nursed but once4 ,as the child grows older the intervals should be lengthened1 and the amount taken at a time gradually increased4 ,the plan of gorging the infant's stomach with food every time it cries1 cannot be too emphatically condemned4 ,after the sixth or seventh month1 in addition to milk1 bits of bread may be allowed1 the quantity being slowly increased1 thus permitting the diet to change gradually from fluid to solid food1 so that1 when the teeth are sufficiently developed for mastication1 the child has become accustomed to various kinds of nourishment4 ,over-feeding1 and continually dosing the child with cordial1 soothing syrups1 etc41 are the most fruitful sources of infant mortality1 and should receive the condemnation of every mother in the land4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,food4 ,the production of pure blood requires that all the food selected should be rich in nutritious elements1 and well cooked4 ,to announce a standard by which all persons shall be guided in the selection and preparation of their food is impossible4 ,especially is this the case in a country the inhabitants of which represent almost every nation on the face of the globe4 ,travelers are aware that there is as much diversity in the articles of food and methods of cookery1 among the various nationalities1 as in the erection of their dwellings1 and in their mental characteristics4 ,in ,america we have a conglomeration of all these peoples2 and for a native ,american to lay down rules of cookery for his ,german1 ,french1 ,english1 ,welsh1 and ,irish neighbors1 or vice versa1 is useless1 for they will seldom read them1 and1 therefore1 cannot profit by them4 ,there are1 however1 certain conditions recognized by the hygienic writers of every nation4 ,the adequate nutrition of the organic tissues demands a plentiful supply of pure blood1 or the digestive apparatus will become impaired1 the mental processes deranged1 and the entire bony and muscular systems will lose their strength and elasticity1 and be incapacitated for labor4 ,,different ,,kinds ,,of ,,food ,,required4 ,the different periods and circumstances of life require their appropriate food1 and the welfare of mankind demands that it should supply both the inorganic and organic substances employed in the development of every tissue4 ,the inorganic elements employed in our construction1 of which ,phosphorus1 ,sulphur1 ,soda1 ,iron1 ,lime1 and ,potash are the most important1 are not considered as aliments1 but are found in the organic kingdom1 variously arranged and combined with organic materials in sufficient quantities for ordinary purposes4 ,when1 however1 from any cause1 a lack of any of these occurs1 so that their relative normal proportions are deranged1 the system suffers1 and restoration to a healthy condition can only be accomplished by supplying the deficiency2 this may be done by selecting the article of food richest in the element which is wanting1 or by introducing it as a medicine4 ,it must be remembered that those substances which enter into the construction of the human fabric1 are not promiscuously employed by nature1 but that each and every one is destined to fulfill a definite indication4 ,lime enters largely into the formation of bone1 either as a phosphate or a carbonate1 and is required in much greater quantities in early life1 while the bone is undergoing development1 than afterwards4 ,in childhood the bones are composed largely of animal matter1 being pliable and easily moulded4 ,for this reason the limbs of young children bend under the weight of their bodies1 and unless care is taken they become bow-legged and distorted4 ,whenever there is a continued deficiency of the earthy constituents1 disease of the bones ensues4 ,therefore1 during childhood1 and particularly during the period of dentition1 or teething1 the food should be nutritious and at the same time contain a due proportion of lime1 which is preferable in the form of a phosphate4 ,when it cannot be furnished by the food1 it should be supplied artificially4 ,delayed1 prolonged1 and tedious dentition generally arises from a deficiency of lime4 ,with the advance of age it accumulates1 and the bone becomes hard1 inelastic1 and capable of supporting heavy weights4 ,farther on1 as in old age1 the animal matter of bone becomes diminished1 and lime takes its place1 so that the bones become brittle and are easily broken4 ,lime exists largely in hard water1 and to a greater or less extent in milk1 and in nearly all foods except those of an acid character4 ,phosphorus exists in various combinations in different parts of the body1 particularly in the brain and nervous system4 ,persons who perform a large amount of mental labor require more phosphorus than those engaged in other pursuits4 ,it exists largely in the hulls of wheat1 in fish1 and in eggs4 ,it should enter to a considerable extent into the diet of brain workers1 and the bread consumed by them should be made of unbolted flour4 ,sulphur1 ,iron1 ,soda1 and ,potash are all necessary in the various tissues of the body1 and deficiency of any one of them1 for any considerable length of time1 results in disease4 ,they are all supplied1 variously arranged and combined1 in both animal and vegetable food2 in some articles they exist to a considerable extent1 in others in much smaller quantities4 ,sulphur exists in eggs and in the flesh of animals1 and often in water4 ,iron exists in the yolk of eggs1 in flesh1 and in several vegetables4 ,soda is supplied in nearly all food1 and largely in common salt1 which is a composition of sodium and hydrochloric acid1 the latter entering into the gastric juice4 ,potash exists1 in some form or other1 in sufficient quantities for health1 in both vegetable and animal food4 ,,classes ,,of ,,food4 ,all kinds of food substances may be divided into four classes4 ,proteids1 ,fats1 ,amyloids1 and ,minerals4 ,proteids are composed of the four elements1 carbon1 hydrogen1 oxygen1 and nitrogen1 sometimes combined with sulphur and phosphorus4 ,in this class are included the gluten of flour2 the albumen1 or white of eggs2 and the serum of the blood2 the fibrin of the blood2 syntonin1 the chief constituent of muscle and flesh1 and casein1 one of the chief constituents of cheese1 and many other similar1 but less frequent substances4 ,fats are composed of carbon1 hydrogen1 and oxygen only1 and contain more hydrogen than would be required to form water if united with the oxygen which they contain4 ,all vegetable and animal oils and fatty matters are included in this class4 ,amyloids consist of substances which are also composed of carbon1 oxygen1 and hydrogen only2 but they contain just enough hydrogen to produce water when combined with their oxygen1 or two parts of hydrogen to one of oxygen4 ,this division includes sugar1 starch1 dextrine1 and gum4 ,the above three classes of food-stuffs are only obtained through the activity of living organisms1 vegetable or animal1 and have been1 therefore1 appropriately termed by ,prof4 ,huxley1 vital food-stuffs4 ,the mineral food-stuffs may1 as we have seen1 be procured from either the living or the non-living world4 ,they include water and various earthy1 metallic1 and alkaline salts4 ,,variety ,,of ,,food ,,necessary4 ,no substance can serve permanently for food except it contains a certain quantity of proteid matter in the shape of albumen1 fibrin1 casein1 etc41 and1 on the other hand1 any substance containing proteid matter in a shape in which it can be readily assimilated1 may serve as a permanent vital food-stuff4 ,every substance1 which is to serve as a permanent food1 must contain a sufficient quantity1 ready-made1 of this most important and complex constituent of the body4 ,in addition1 it must also contain a sufficient quantity of the mineral ingredients which enter into the composition of the body4 ,its power of supporting life and maintaining the weight and composition of the body remains unaltered1 whether it contains fats or amyloids or not4 ,the secretion of urea1 and1 consequently1 the loss of nitrogen1 goes on continually1 and the body1 therefore1 must necessarily waste unless the supply of proteid matter is constantly renewed1 since this is the only class of foods that contains nitrogen in any considerable quantity4 ,there can be no absolute necessity for any other food-stuffs but those containing the proteid and mineral elements of the body4 ,from what has been said1 it will readily be seen that whether an animal be carnivorous or herbivorous1 it begins to starve as soon as its vital food-stuffs consist only of amyloids1 or fats1 or both4 ,it suffers from what has been termed nitrogen starvation1 and if proteid matters are withheld entirely1 it soon dies4 ,in such a case1 and still more in the case of an animal which is entirely deprived of vital food1 the organism1 as long as it continues to live1 feeds upon itself1 the waste products necessarily being formed at the expense of its own body4 ,although proteid matter is the essential element of food1 and under certain circumstances may be sufficient of itself to support the body1 it is a very uneconomical food4 ,the white of an egg1 which may be taken as a type of the proteids1 contains about fifteen per cent4 of nitrogen1 and fifty-three per cent4 of carbon2 therefore1 a man feeding upon this1 would take in about three and a half times as much carbon as nitrogen4 ,it has been proved that a healthy1 adult man1 taking a fair amount of exercise and maintaining his weight and body temperature1 eliminates about thirteen times as much carbon as nitrogen4 ,however1 if he is to get his necessary quantity1 about #djjj grains of carbon1 out of albumen1 he must eat #g1edg grains of that substance2 but this quantity of albumen contains nearly four times as much nitrogen as he requires4 ,in other words1 it takes about four pounds of lean meat1 free from fat1 to furnish #d1jjj grains of carbon1 the quantity required1 whereas one pound yields the requisite quantity of nitrogen4 ,thus a man restricted exclusively to a proteid diet1 must take an enormous quantity of it4 ,this would involve a large amount of unnecessary physiological labor1 to comminute1 dissolve1 and absorb the food1 and to excrete the superfluous nitrogenous matter4 ,unproductive labor should be avoided as much in physiological as in political economy4 ,the universal practice of subsisting on a mixed diet1 in which proteids are mixed with fats or amyloids1 is therefore justifiable4 ,fats contain about #hj per cent4 of carbon1 and amyloids about #dj per cent4 ,we have seen that there is sufficient nitrogen in a pound of meat free from fat1 to supply a healthy adult man for twenty-four hours1 but that it contains only one-fourth of the quantity of carbon required4 ,about half a pound of fat1 or one pound of sugar1 will supply the quantity of carbon necessary4 ,the fat1 if properly subdivided1 and the sugar1 by reason of its solubility1 pass with great ease into the circulation1 the physiological labor1 consequently1 being reduced to a minimum4 ,several common articles of diet contain in themselves all the necessary elements4 ,thus1 butchers' meat ordinarily contains from #cj to #ej per cent4 of fat2 and bread contains the proteid1 gluten1 and the amyloids1 starch and sugar1 together with minute quantities of fat4 ,however1 on account of the proportion in which these proteid and other components of the body exist in these substances1 neither of them1 by itself is such a physiologically economical food1 as it is when combined with the other in the proportion of three to eight1 or three quarters of a pound of meat to two pounds of bread a day4 ,it is evident that a variety of food is necessary for health4 ,animals fed exclusively upon one class1 or upon a single article of diet1 droop and die2 and in the human family we know that the constant use of one kind of diet causes disgust1 even when not very long continued4 ,consequently1 we infer that the welfare of man demands that his food be of sufficient variety to supply his body with all of its component parts4 ,if this is not done the appetite is deranged1 and often craves the very article which is necessary to supply the deficiency4 ,after the component parts of the organism have assimilated the nutritious elements of particular kinds of food for a certain length of time1 they lose the power of effecting the necessary changes for proper nutrition1 and a supply of other material is imperatively demanded4 ,when the diet has been long restricted to proteids1 consisting largely of salt meats1 fresh vegetables and fruits containing the organic acids1 become indispensable2 otherwise1 the scorbutic condition1 or scurvy1 is almost sure to be developed4 ,fresh vegetables and fruits should be eaten in considerable quantities at the proper seasons4 ,,value ,,of ,,animal ,,food4 ,the principal animal food used in this country consists of ,pork1 ,mutton1 ,beef1 and ,fish4 ,beef and mutton are rich in muscle-producing material4 ,although pork is extensively produced in some portions of this country1 and enters largely into the diet of some classes1 yet its use1 except in winter1 is not to be encouraged4 ,the same amount of beef would give far greater returns in muscular power4 ,in addition to the meats mentioned1 ,wild ,game furnishes palatable1 nutritious1 and easily-digested food4 ,domestic ,fowls1 when young1 are excellent1 and with the exception of geese and ducks1 are easily digested4 ,wild ,birds are considered much healthier food than those which are domesticated4 ,all of these contain more or less of the elements which enter into the composition of the four classes of foods4 ,,vegetable ,,foods4 ,wheat is rich in all the elements which compose the four classes1 and1 when the flour is unbolted1 it is one of the best articles for supplying all the elements4 ,barley stands next to wheat in nourishing qualities1 but is not so palatable4 ,oats are rich in all the elements necessary for nutrition4 ,oatmeal is a favorite article of diet among the ,scotch1 and1 judging from their hardy constitutions1 their choice is well founded4 ,in consequence of the large proportion of phosphorus which they contain1 they are capable of furnishing a large amount of nourishment for the brain4 ,rye is nutritious1 but it is not so rich in tissue-forming material4 ,indian ,corn is an article well known and extensively used throughout the ,united ,states1 and is a truly valuable one1 capable of being prepared in a great variety of ways for food4 ,it contains more carbon than wheat1 and less nitrogen and phosphorus1 though enough of both to be extremely valuable4 ,rice is rather meagre in nutriment2 it contains but little phosphorous matter1 with less carbon than other cereals1 and is best and most generally employed as a diet in tropical countries4 ,beans and ,peas are rich in nutritious matter1 and furnish the manual laborer with a cheap and wholesome diet4 ,the ,potato is the most valuable of all fresh vegetables grown in temperate climates4 ,its flavor is very agreeable1 and it contains very important nutritive and medicinal qualities1 and is eaten almost daily by nearly every family in ,north ,america4 ,until very recently it1 with the addition of a little butter-milk or skim-milk1 constituted almost the sole diet of the ,irish people4 ,the average composition of the potato is stated by ,dr4 ,smith to be as follows3 ,water #ge per cent41 nitrogen #b4a1 starch #ah4h1 sugar #c4b1 fat #j4b1 salts #j4g4 ,the relative values of different potatoes may be ascertained very correctly by weighing them in the hand1 for the heavier the tuber the more starch it contains4 ,turnip and ,cabbage are #ib4e per cent4 water1 and1 consequently1 poor in nutrition1 though they are very palatable4 ,the solid portions of cabbage1 however1 are rich in albumen4 ,it is evident that the quantity necessary to maintain the system in proper condition must be greatly modified by the habits of life1 the condition of the organism1 the age1 the sex1 and the climate4 ,the daily loss of substance which must be replaced by material from without1 as we have seen1 is very great4 ,in addition to the loss of carbon and nitrogen1 about four and a half pounds of water are removed from the system in twenty-four hours1 and it is necessary that about this quantity should be introduced into the system in some form or other1 however much it may be adulterated4 ,professor ,dalton states3 ,from experiments performed while living on an exclusive diet of bread1 fresh meat1 and butter1 with coffee and water for drink1 we have found that the entire quantity of food required during twenty-four hours by a man in full health and taking free exercise in the open air is as follows3 ,meat1 4 4 4 4 4 4 #af oz41 or #a4jc lb4 avoir4 ,bread1 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ai #a4ai ,butter or fat1 4 4 4 #c #j4bb ,water1 4 4 4 4 4 #eb fluid oz41 #c4ch ,that is to say1 rather less than two and a half pounds of solid food1 and rather over three pounds of liquid food4 ,,climate exerts an important influence on the quantity and quality of food required by the system4 ,in northern latitudes the inhabitants are exposed to extreme cold and require an abundant supply of food1 and especially that which contains a large amount of fat4 ,on this account fat meat is taken in large quantities and with a relish4 ,the quantity of food consumed by the natives of the ,arctic zone is almost incredible4 ,the ,russian ,admiral1 ,saritcheff1 relates that one of the ,esquimaux in his presence devoured a mass of boiled rice and butter which weighed twenty-eight pounds1 at a single meal1 and ,dr4 ,hayes states that usually the daily ration of an ,esquimau is from twelve to fifteen pounds of meat1 one-third of which is fat1 and on one occasion he saw a man eat ten pounds of walrus flesh at a single meal4 ,the intense cold creates a constant craving for fatty articles of food1 and some members of his own party were in the habit of drinking the contents of the oil-kettle with great apparent relish4 ,,digestibility ,,of ,,food4 ,unless an article of diet can be digested it is of no value1 no matter how rich it may be in nutriment4 ,the quantity of food taken1 will influence to a considerable extent1 the time consumed in its digestion4 ,the stomachs of all are not alike in this respect1 and the subject of time has been a difficult one to determine4 ,the experiments of ,dr4 ,beaumont with the ,canadian1 ,st4 ,martin1 who accidentally discharged the contents of a loaded gun into his stomach1 creating an external opening through which the process of digestion could be observed1 have furnished us with the following table1 which is correct enough to show relatively1 if not absolutely1 the time required for the digestion of various articles3 ,,articles ,,of ,,diet4 ,mode of ,hours4 ,min4 ,preparation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,milk444444444444444444444444,boiled4444 44 #b #jj 444444444444444444444444,raw444444444 #b #ae ,eggs1 fresh44444444444444444 444444444 #b #jj 44444444444444444,whipped44444 #a #cj 44444444444444444,roasted44444 #b #ae 44444444444444444,soft boiled4 #c #jj 44444444444444444,hard boiled4 #c #cj 44444444444444444,fried4444444 #c #cj ,custard444444444444444444444,baked44444 44 #b #de ,codfish1 cured1 dry444444444,boiled444444 #b #jj ,trout1 salmon1 fresh44444444 444444444 #a #cj ,trout1 salmon1 fresh44444444,fried4444444 #a #cj ,bass1 striped1 44444444,broiled44444 #c #jj ,flounder1 44444444,fried4444444 #c #cj ,catfish1 44444444 444444444 #c #cj ,salmon1 salted44444444444444,boiled444444 #d #jj ,oysters1 fresh44444444444444,raw444444444 #b #ee 44444444444444,roasted44444 #c #ae 44444444444444,stewed444444 #c #cj ,venison steak444444444444444,broiled44444 #a #ce ,pig1 sucking4444444444444444,roasted44444 #b #cj ,lamb1 fresh44444444444444444,broiled44444 #b #cj ,beef1 fresh1 lean1 dry444444,roasted44444 #c #cj with mustard1 etc44444444,boiled444444 #c #aj salt only44444444444 444444 #c #cf 44444444444,fried4444444 #d #jj fresh1 lean1 rare44444444,roasted44444 #c #jj ,beefsteak4444444444444444444,broiled444 44 #c #jj ,mutton1 fresh444444444444444 44444 #c #jj 444444444444444,boiled444444 #c #jj 444444444444444,roasted44444 #c #ae ,veal1 fresh44444444444444444,broiled44444 #d #jj 44444444444444444,fried4444444 #d #cj ,porksteak4444444444444444444,broiled444 44 #c #ae ,pork1 fat and lean4444444444,roasted44444 #e #ae recently salted4444444,raw444444444 #c #jj 4444444,stewed444444 #c #jj 4444444,broiled44444 #c #ae ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,articles ,,of ,,diet4 ,mode of ,preparation4 ,hours_/,min4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,pork1 recently salted----- ,fried------------ #d #ae ----- ,boiled----------- #d #cj ,turkey1 wild ------------- ,roasted---------- #b #ah tame ------------- ---------- #b #cj ------------- ,boiled ---------- #b #be ,goose1 wild -------------- ,roasted --------- #b #cj ,chickens1 full-grown ----- ,fricasseed ------ #b #de ,fowls1 domestic ---------- ,boiled ---------- #d #jj ---------- ,roasted --------- #d #jj ,ducks1 tame -------------- --------- #d #jj wild -------------- --------- #d #cj ,soup1 barley ------------- ,boiled ---------- #a #cj bean --------------- ---------- #c #jj chicken ------------ ---------- #c #jj mutton ------------- ---------- #c #cj oyster ------------- ---------- #c #cj beef1 vegetables1 and bread ---------- ---------- #d #jj marrow-bones ------- ---------- #d #ae ,pig's feet1 soused ------- ---------- #a #jj ,tripe1 soused ------------ ---------- #a #jj ,brains1 animal ----------- ---------- #a #de ,spinal marrow1 animal ---- ---------- #b #dj ,liver1 beef1 fresh ------- ,broiled --------- #b #jj ,heart1 animal ------------ ,fried ----------- #d #jj ,cartilage ---------------- ,boiled ---------- #d #ae ,tendon ------------------- ---------- #e #cj ,hash1 meat1 and vegetables ,warmed ---------- #b #cj ,sausage1 fresh ----------- ,broiled --------- #c #bj ,gelatine ----------------- ,boiled ---------- #b #cj ,cheese1 old1 strong ------ ,raw ------------- #c #cj ,green corn and beans ----- ,boiled ---------- #c #de ,beans1 pod --------------- ---------- #b #cj ,parsnips ----------------- ---------- #b #cj ,potatoes ----------------- ,roasted --------- #b #cj ----------------- ,baked ----------- #b #cj ----------------- ,boiled ---------- #b #cj ,cabbage1 head ------------ ,raw ------------- #b #cj with vinegar ------------- #b #jj ------------ ,boiled ---------- #d #cj ,carrot1 orange ----------- ---------- #c #ac ,turnips1 flat ------------ ---------- #c #cj ,beets -------------------- ---------- #c #de ,bread1 corn -------------- ,baked ----------- #c #ae wheat1 fresh ------ ----------- #c #cj ,apples1 sweet1 mellow ---- ,raw ------------- #a #cj sour ------------- ------------- #b #jj hard --------- ------------- #b #ej ,milk is more easily digested than almost any other article of food4 ,it is very nutritious1 and1 on account of the variety of the elements which it contains1 it is extremely valuable an article of diet1 especially when the digestive powers are weakened1 as in fevers1 or during convalescence from any acute disease4 ,eggs are also very nutritious and easily digested4 ,whipped eggs are digested and assimilated with great ease4 ,fish1 as a rule1 are more speedily digested than is the flesh of warm-blooded animals4 ,oysters1 especially when taken raw1 are very easily digested4 ,we have known dyspeptics who were unable to digest any other kind of animal food1 to subsist for a considerable period upon raw oysters4 ,the flesh of mammalia seems to be more easily digested than that of birds4 ,beef1 mutton1 lamb1 and venison are easily digested1 while fat roast pork and veal are digested with difficulty4 ,according to the foregoing table vegetables were digested in about the same time as ordinary animal food1 but it should be remembered that a great part of the digestion of these is effected in the small intestine4 ,soups are1 as a rule1 very quickly digested4 ,the time required for the digestion of bread is about the same as that required for the digestion of ordinary meats4 ,boiled cabbage is one of the most difficult substances to digest4 ,,cookery4 ,cookery1 says ,mrs4 ,owen1 ,is the art of turning every morsel to the best use2 it is the exercise of skill1 thought1 and ingenuity to make every particle of food yield the utmost nourishment and pleasure1 of which it is capable4 ,we are indebted to this practical woman for many valuable suggestions in this art2 and some of our recommendations are drawn from her experience4 ,,soups4 ,the nutritious properties1 tone1 and sweetness of soup depend in the first place upon the freshness and quality of the meat2 secondly on the manner in which it is boiled4 ,soups should be nicely and delicately seasoned1 according to the taste of the consumer1 by using parsley1 sage1 savory1 thyme1 sweet marjoram1 sweet basil1 or any of the vegetable condiments4 ,these may be raised in the garden1 or obtained at the drug stores1 sifted and prepared for use4 ,in extracting the juices of meats1 in order that soups may be most nutritious1 it is important that the meat be put into cold water1 or that which is not so hot as to coagulate the albumen 7which would prevent it from being extracted71 and then1 by slow heat and a simmering process1 the most nutritious properties will be brought out4 ,,beef ,,soup may be made of any bone of the beef1 by putting it into cold water1 adding a little salt1 and skimming it well just before it boils4 ,if a vegetable flavor be desired1 celery1 carrots1 onions1 turnips1 cabbage1 or potatoes1 may be added1 in sufficient quantities to suit the taste4 ,,mutton ,,soup may be made from the fore-quarter1 in the same manner as described above1 thickened with pearl-barley or rice1 and flavored to suit the taste4 ,,boiled ,,fish4 ,clean the fish nicely1 then sprinkle flour on a cloth and wrap it around them2 salt the water1 and1 when it boils1 put in the fish2 let them boil half an hour1 then carefully remove them to a platter1 adding egg sauce and parsley4 ,to bake fish1 prepare by cleaning1 scaling1 etc41 and let them remain in salt water for a short time4 ,make a stuffing of the crumbs of light bread1 and add to it a little salt1 pepper1 butter1 and sweet herbs1 and stir with a spoon4 ,then fill the fish with the stuffing and sew it up4 ,put on butter1 salt1 pepper1 and flour1 having enough water in the dish to keep it from burning1 and baste often4 ,a four pound fish will bake in fifty or sixty minutes4 ,,broiled ,,steak4 ,sirloin and porter-house steaks should be broiled quickly4 ,preserve them on ice for a day or two and their tenderness is much increased4 ,never broil them until the meal is ready to be served4 ,,boiled ,,heat4 ,when meat is to be boiled for eating1 put it into boiling water1 by which its juices are coagulated and its richness preserved4 ,the slower it boils1 the more tender1 plump1 and white it will be4 ,meat should be removed as soon as done1 or it will lose its flavor and become soggy4 ,,pork ,,steaks4 ,the best steaks are cut off the shoulder--ham steaks being rather too dry4 ,they should be well fried1 in order to destroy the little living parasites1 called ,trichinae which sometimes infest this kind of meat4 ,they are introduced into the stomach by eating ham1 pork1 or sausages made from the flesh of hogs infested by them4 ,thorough cooking destroys them1 and those who will persist in the use of swine's flesh can afford to have it done brown4 ,,baked ,,mutton4 ,to bake mutton well1 a person should have a brisk1 sharp fire1 and keep the meat well basted4 ,it requires two hours to bake a leg of mutton1 weighing eight pounds4 ,,bread4 ,the health and happiness of a family depend1 to a certain extent1 on good1 well-baked bread4 ,at all events1 our enjoyment would be greater if it were only better prepared4 ,we make the following extract from an article printed by the ,state ,board of ,health1 concerning the food of the people of ,massachusetts3 ,as an example of good bread we would mention that which is always to be had at the restaurant of ,parker's ,hotel1 in ,boston4 ,it is not better than is found on the continent of ,europe on all the great lines of travel1 and in common use by millions of people in ,germany and ,france2 but with us1 it is a rare example of what bread may be4 ,it is made from a mixture of flour1 such as is generally sold in our markets1 water1 salt1 and yeast--nothing else4 ,the yeast is made from malt1 potatoes1 and hops4 ,the dough is kneaded from one and a half to two hours1 and is then thoroughly baked4 ,the truth seems to be that the kneading1 which in this country takes the housewife's time and muscle1 in ,europe is done by the help of machinery4 ,so here1 in large villages and cities1 people might furnish themselves with good bread1 by means of co-operative associations1 even at a less cost than at present4 ,,beverages4 ,,water4 ,the importance of water in the economy of nature is obvious to all4 ,it is the most abundant substance of which we have knowledge4 ,it composes four-fifths of the weight of vegetables1 and three-fourths of that of animals4 ,it is essential to the continuance of organic life4 ,water is universally present in all of the tissues and fluids of the body4 ,it is not only abundant in the blood and secretions1 but it is also an ingredient of the solids of the body4 ,according to the most accurate computations1 water is found to constitute from two-thirds to three-fourths of the entire weight of the human body4 ,the following table1 compiled by ,robin and ,verdeil1 shows the proportion of water per thousand parts in different solids and fluids3 ,,quantity ,,of ,,water ,,in #a1jjj ,,parts4 ,teeth1 #ajj ,bones1 #acj ,cartilage1 #eej ,muscles1 #gej ,ligaments1 #gfh ,brain1 #ghi ,blood1 #gie ,synovial fluid1 #hje ,bile1 #hhj ,milk1 #hhg ,pancreatic juice1 #ijj ,urine1 #icf ,lymph1 #ifj ,gastric juice1 #ige ,perspiration1 #ihf ,saliva1 #iie ,,the ,,natural ,,drink ,,of ,,man4 ,water constitutes the natural drink of man4 ,no other liquid can supply its place4 ,its presence1 however1 in the body is not permanent4 ,it is discharged from the body in different ways2 by the urine1 the feces1 the breath1 and the perspiration4 ,in the first two1 it is in a liquid form1 in the others in a vaporous form4 ,it is estimated that about forty-eight per cent4 is discharged in the liquid1 and fifty-two per cent4 in the vaporous form2 but the absolute as well as the relative amount discharged depends upon a variety of circumstances4 ,water is never found perfectly pure1 since it holds in solution more or less of almost every substance with1 which it comes in contact4 ,rain falling in the country remote from habitations is the purest water that nature furnishes1 for it is then only charged with the natural gases of the atmosphere4 ,in cities it absorbs organic and gaseous impurities1 as it falls through the air1 and flowing over roofs of houses carries with it soot and dust4 ,water from melted snow is purer than rain-water1 since it descends in a solid form1 and is therefore incapable of absorbing gases4 ,rain-water is not adapted to drinking purposes1 unless well filtered4 ,all water1 except that which has been distilled1 contains air1 and it is due to this fact1 that aquatic animals can live in it2 for example1 put a fish in distilled water and it will soon die4 ,,mineral ,,impurities4 ,rain-water1 which has filtered through the soil and strata of the earth1 dissolves the soluble materials1 and carries them down to lower levels1 until they finally collect in the sea4 ,common well1 spring1 and mineral waters contain from #e to #fj grains to the gallon2 sea-water contains #b1jjj grains while in some parts of the ,dead ,sea there are #bj1jjj grams to the gallon4 ,the principal mineral impurities of well and spring water are lime1 magnesia1 soda1 and oxide of iron1 combined with carbonic and sulphuric acids1 forming carbonates1 sulphates1 and chloride of sodium1 or common salt4 ,the most general1 however1 are carbonate and sulphate of lime4 ,mineral waters are usually obtained from springs which contain a considerable amount of saline matter4 ,those waters which abound in salts of iron are called chalybeate or ferruginous4 ,those containing salt are termed saline4 ,those in which contain sulphur are termed sulphurous4 ,water derives the quality of hardness from the salts of lime--chiefly the sulphates--which it contains4 ,hard water1 being an imperfect solvent1 is unsuitable for washing purposes4 ,there are two varieties of hardness1 one of which is temporary1 being due to the presence of carbonic acid gas in the water which holds the salts in solution and may be removed by merely boiling the water and thus expelling the gas when the salts are deposited1 while the other is permanent and can only be removed by the distillation of the water4 ,it has been ascertained that twelve pounds of the best hard soap must be added to #aj1jjj gallons of water of one degree of hardness before a lather will remain and1 consequently1 #j4ab lb4 to #ajj gallons of water is a measure of one degree of hardness4 ,since hard water is not so useful in cooking and other domestic purposes1 as soft water1 causing a great waste of labor and material1 it is often highly desirable to soften it1 which is effected by the addition of lime in what is known as ,clark's process4 ,one ounce of quicklime should be added to #ajjj gallons of water for each degree of hardness4 ,it should be first slacked and stirred up in a few gallons and then thoroughly mixed with the entire quantity4 ,then it should be allowed to remain1 and will become clear in about three hours1 but should not be drunk for twelve hours4 ,the purity of drinking water is a matter of much importance4 ,that which contains a minute quantity of lead will give rise to all the symptoms of lead poisoning1 if the use of it be sufficiently prolonged4 ,an account is given of the poisoning of the royal family of ,france1 many of whom suffered from this cause when in exile at ,claremont4 ,the amount of lead was only one grain in the gallon4 ,care should therefore be taken to avoid drinking the water which has been contained in leaden pipes4 ,it should always be allowed to run a few minutes before being used4 ,an excess of saline ingredients1 which in small quantities are harmless1 frequently produces marked disorders of the digestive organs4 ,a small amount of putrescent matter habitually introduced into the system1 as in the use of food1 is productive of the most serious results1 which can be traced to the direct action of the poison introduced4 ,a case is recorded of a certain locality favorably situated with regard to the access of pure air1 where an epidemic of fever broke out much to the astonishment of the inhabitants4 ,upon observation it was found that the attacks of fever were limited to those families who used water from a neighboring well4 ,the disagreeable taste of the water which had been observed1 was subsequently traced to the bursting of a sewer1 which had discharged a part of its contents into the well4 ,when the cause was removed1 there was no recurrence of the evil effects4 ,,organic ,,impurities4 ,water is liable to organic contamination from a multitude of causes1 such as drainage from dwellings1 dust1 insects1 the decaying of vegetable and animal matter4 ,these impurities may be mechanically suspended or held in solution in the water4 ,although organic impurities1 which are mechanically suspended in water1 are poisonous1 yet they are generally associated with animalculea1 and these feed upon1 and finally consume them4 ,good water never contains animalcul4 ,they are never found in freshly fallen rain-water1 remote from dwellings1 but abound1 to a greater or less extent in cisterns1 marshes1 ponds1 and rivers4 ,these little workers serve a useful purpose since they consume the dead organic matter from the water1 and1 having fulfilled their mission1 sink to the bottom and die4 ,water which contains organic matter is exceedingly dangerous to health1 and its use should be carefully avoided4 ,in low lands where the current of streams is sluggish1 and shallow pools abound1 the water is apt to be more or less infected with decaying vegetable substances4 ,many people living in such localities1 and wishing to obtain water with as little trouble as possible1 dig a hole in the ground1 a few feet in depth1 and allow the stagnant surface water to accumulate4 ,this water is used for drinking and cooking4 ,the result is that ague prevails in such localities4 ,care should be taken that wells1 from which the water is used for household purposes1 are located at a distance from barn-yards1 privies1 sinks1 vaults1 and stagnant pools4 ,,purification ,,of ,,water4 ,there are various methods of purifying water4 ,it may be accomplished by distillation1 which is the most perfect method2 by filtration through sand1 crushed charcoal1 and other porous substances1 which deprives it of suspended impurities and living organisms2 by boiling1 which destroys the vitality of all animal and vegetable matters1 drives out the gases and precipitates carbonate of lime1 which composes the crust frequently seen upon the inside of tea-kettles or boilers2 by the use of chemical agents1 which may be employed to destroy or precipitate the deleterious substances4 ,alum is often used to cleanse roily water1 two or three grains in solution1 being sufficient for a quart4 ,it causes the impurities to settle to the bottom1 so that the clear water can be poured or dipped out for use4 ,one or two grains of the permanganate of potassium will render wholesome a gallon of water containing animal impurities4 ,,how ,,to ,,use ,,water4 ,very little if any water should be taken at meal time1 since the salivary glands furnish an abundance of watery fluid to assist in mastication4 ,when these glands are aided with water to wash down the food1 their functions become feeble and impaired4 ,the gastric juice is diluted and digestion is weakened4 ,large draughts of cold water ought never to be indulged in1 since they cause derangement of the stomach4 ,when the body is overheated1 the use of much water is injurious4 ,it should only be taken in small quantities4 ,thirst may be partially allayed1 without injury1 by holding cold water in the mouth for a short time and then spitting it out1 taking care to swallow but very little4 ,travelers frequently experience inconvenience from change of water4 ,if the means are at hand1 let them purify their drinking water1 if not1 they should drink as little as possible4 ,persons who visit the banks of the ,ohio1 ,missouri1 or ,mississippi rivers and similar localities1 almost invariably suffer from some form of gastric or intestinal disease4 ,water standing in close rooms soon becomes unfit to drink and should not be used4 ,a drink of cold water taken on going to bed1 and another on rising are conducive to health1 especially in the case of persons troubled with constipation4 ,drink water said the celebrated ,dubois to the young persons who consulted him1 drink water1 ,i tell you6 ,du ,moulin1 the great medical authority of his time1 wrote1 just previous to his death1 ,i leave two great physicians behind me--diet and water4 ,,tea ,,and ,,coffee4 ,these substances are almost universally used as beverages1 and when properly employed1 serve a four-fold purpose3 they quench thirst1 excite an agreeable exhilaration1 repress the waste of the system1 and supply nourishment4 ,in consequence of being generally used at meal times1 their stimulant properties are employed to promote digestion1 and consequently they are not so objectionable as they might otherwise be4 ,the liquids introduced into the stomach at meal times should not be cold4 ,tea and coffee are drunk warm1 while water1 except in a few instances1 is always drunk cold1 the effects of which have already been shown4 ,that their inordinate use may be injurious no body can deny1 but this is equally true of other beverages1 even pure1 cold water4 ,scientific investigators inform us that the use of these agents as beverages1 when judiciously employed1 is not injurious4 ,it has been urged that they are poisonous1 but if they are1 they are very slow in their operation4 ,when properly prepared1 they are very agreeable beverages1 and as man will drink more or less at meals1 they are allowable2 for if their use were excluded1 some other beverage would be sought after1 and quite likely one of an alcoholic character employed1 so of two evils1 if this be an evil1 let us choose the least4 ,unlike alcoholic stimulants1 they exhilarate without a depressing reaction after their influence has passed off4 ,but one cup should be drunk at a meal1 and it should be of moderate strength4 ,the use of large quantities of drink at meals retards digestion by diluting the digestive fluids4 ,the excessive use of large quantities of strong tea or coffee stimulates the brain and causes wakefulness1 and produces irritability of the nervous system4 ,when they are productive of such effects1 their use is injurious1 and should be considerably moderated or wholly discontinued4 ,no criterion can be given by which the amount the system will tolerate can be regulated4 ,what one person may take with impunity1 may be deleterious to an other4 ,individuals differ greatly in this respect4 ,there are some who cannot tolerate them at all1 either because of some peculiarity of constitution1 or on account of disease4 ,and sometimes when tea is agreeable and beneficial1 coffee disagrees with the individual and vice versa4 ,persons of nervous habits whether natural or acquired1 are apt to find their wakefulness and irritability increased by the use of tea1 particularly if strong1 while coffee will have a tranquilizing effect4 ,persons of a lymphatic or bilious temperament often find that coffee disagrees with them1 aggravating their troubles and causing biliousness1 constipation1 and headache1 while tea proves agreeable and beneficial4 ,whenever they disagree with the system1 the best rule is to abandon their use4 ,we find many persons who do not use either1 and yet enjoy health1 a fact which proves that they are not by any means indispensable1 and1 no doubt1 were it customary to go without them1 their absence would be but slightly missed4 ,tea and coffee are adulterated to a very great extent1 and persons using them will be greatly imposed upon4 ,this is an evil we cannot remedy4 ,if people make use of them1 their experience in selecting them must be their guide2 however1 it is believed that the ,black and ,japan varieties of tea are the least apt to be adulterated1 and coffee1 to insure purity1 should be purchased in the berry1 and ground by the purchaser4 ,in preparing tea an infusion should be made by adding boiling water to the leaves1 and permitting them to steep for a few minutes only1 for a concentrated decoction1 made by boiling for a long time1 liberates the astringent and bitter principles and drives off the agreeable aroma which resides in a volatile oil4 ,coffee should be prepared by adding cold water to the ground berry1 and raising it slowly to the boiling point4 ,long-continued boiling liberates the astringent and bitter principles upon which its stimulant effects to a great extent depend1 and drives off with the steam the aromatic oil from which the agreeable taste is derived4 ,,alcoholic ,,liquors4 ,these are divided into three classes3 malted1 fermented1 and distilled4 ,they all contain more or less alcohol1 and their effects are1 therefore1 in some respects similar1 and1 in the words of ,dr4 ,b4,w4 ,richardson1 the great ,english authority on hygiene3 ,to say this man only drinks ale1 that man only drinks wine1 while a third drinks spirits1 is merely to say1 when the apology is unclothed1 that all drink the same danger4 99 99 ,alcohol is a universal intoxicant1 and in the higher orders of animals is capable of inducing the most systematic phenomena of disease4 ,but it is reserved for man himself to exhibit these phenomena in their purest form1 and to present1 through them1 in the morbid conditions belonging to his age1 a distinct pathology4 ,bad as this is1 it might be worse2 for if the evils of alcohol were made to extend equally to animals lower than man1 we should soon have1 none that were tameable1 none that were workable1 and none that were eatable4 ,researches have shown that the proportion of half a drachm of alcohol to the pound weight of the body1 is the quantity which usually produces intoxication1 and that an increase of this amount to one drachm immediately endangers the life of the individual4 ,the first symptom which attracts attention1 when alcohol commences to take effect upon the body1 is an increase in the number of the pulsations of the heart4 ,dr4 ,parkes and ,count ,wolowicz conducted a series of interesting experiments on young adult men4 ,they counted the pulsations of the heart1 at regular intervals1 during periods when the subject drank only water2 and then they counted the beats of the heart in the same individual during successive periods in which alcohol was drunk in increasing quantities4 ,the following details are taken from their report3 ,the highest of the daily means of the pulse observed during the first or water period was #gg4e2 but on this day two observations were deficient4 ,the next highest daily mean was #gg beats4 ,if instead of the mean of the eight days1 or #gc4eg1 we compare the mean of this one day1 viz41 #gg beats per minute1 with the alcoholic days1 so as to be sure not to over-estimate the action of the alcohol1 we find3 ,on the ninth day1 with one fluid ounce of alcohol1 the heart beat #dcj times more4 ,on the tenth day1 with two fluid ounces1 #a1hgb times more4 ,on the eleventh day1 with four fluid ounces1 #ab1ifj times more4 ,on the twelfth day1 with six fluid ounces1 #cj1fgb times more4 ,on the thirteenth day1 with eight fluid ounces1 #bc1ijd times more4 ,on the fourteenth day1 with eight fluid ounces1 #be1dhh times more4 ,but as there was ephemeral fever on the twelfth day1 it is right to make a deduction1 and to estimate the number of beats in that day as midway between the twelfth and twenty-third days1 or #ah1dcb4 ,adopting this1 the mean daily excess of beats during the alcoholic days was #ad1dib1 or an increase of rather more than thirteen per cent4 ,the first day of alcohol gave an excess of one per cent41 and the last of twenty-three per cent42 and the mean of these two gives almost the same percentage of excess as the mean of the six days4 ,admitting that each beat of the heart was as strong during the alcoholic as in the water period 7and it was really more powerful71 the heart on the last two days of alcohol was doing one-fifth more work4 ,adopting the lowest estimate which has been given of the daily work done by the heart1 viz41 as equal to #abb tons lifted one foot1 the heart1 during the alcoholic period1 did daily work in excess equal to lifting #ae4h tons one foot1 and in the last two days did extra work to the amount of twenty-four tons lifted as far4 ,the period of rest for the heart was shortened1 though1 perhaps1 not to such an extent as would be inferred from the number of beats2 for each contraction was sooner over4 ,the beat on the fifth and sixth days after alcohol was left off1 and apparently at the time when the last traces of alcohol were eliminated1 showed1 in the sphygmographic tracing1 signs of unusual feebleness2 and1 perhaps1 in consequence of this1 when the brandy quickened the heart again1 the tracing showed a more rapid contraction of the ventricles1 but less power than in the alcoholic period4 ,the brandy acted1 in fact1 on a heart whose nutrition had not been perfectly restored4 ,the flush often seen on the cheeks of those who are under the influence of alcoholic liquors1 and which is produced by a relaxed and distended condition of the superficial blood vessels1 is erroneously supposed by many to merely extend to the parts exposed to view4 ,on this subject1 ,dr4 ,richardson says3 ,if the lungs could be seen1 they1 too1 would be found with their vessels injected2 if the brain and spinal cord could be laid open to view1 they would be discovered in the same condition2 if the stomach1 the liver1 the spleen1 the kidneys1 or any other vascular organs or parts could be laid open to the eye1 the vascular engorgement would be equally manifest4 ,in the lower animals ,i have been able to witness this extreme vascular condition in the lungs1 and once ,i had the unusual1 though unhappy opportunity of observing the same phenomenon in the brain of a man who1 in a paroxysm of alcoholic delirium1 cast himself under the wheels of a railway carriage4 ,the brain1 instantaneously thrown out from the skull by the crash1 was before me within three minutes after the accident4 ,it exhaled the odor of spirit most distinctly1 and its membranes and minute structures were vascular in the extreme4 ,it looked as if it had been recently injected with vermilion injection4 ,the white matter of the cerebrum1 studded with red points1 could scarcely be distinguished when it was incised1 it was so preternaturally red2 and the pia mater1 or internal vascular membrane covering the brain1 resembled a delicate web of coagulated red blood1 so tensely were its fine vessels engorged4 ,this condition extended through both the larger and the smaller brain1 cerebrum1 and cerebellum1 but was not so marked in the medulla1 or commencing portion of the spinal cord1 as in the other portions4 ,in course of time1 in persons accustomed to alcohol1 the vascular changes1 temporary only in the novitiate1 become confirmed and permanent4 ,the bloom on the nose which characterizes the genial toper is the established sign of alcoholic action on the vascular structure4 ,recently1 physiological research has served to explain the reason why1 under alcohol the heart at first beats so quickly1 why the pulse rises1 and why the minute blood-vessels become so strongly injected4 ,at one time it was imagined that alcohol acts immediately upon the heart by stimulating it to increased motion2 and from this idea1--false idea1 ,i should say1--of the primary action of alcohol1 many erroneous conclusions have been drawn4 ,we have now learned that there exist many chemical bodies which act in the same manner as alcohol1 and that their effect is not to stimulate the heart1 but to weaken the contractile force of the extreme and minute vessels which the heart fills with blood at each of its strokes4 ,these bodies produce1 in fact1 a paralysis of the organic nervous supply of the vessels which constitute the minute vascular structures4 ,the minute vessels when paralysed offer inefficient resistance to the force of the heart1 and the pulsating organ thus liberated1 like the main-spring of a clock from which the resistance has been removed1 quickens in action1 dilating the feebly resistant vessels1 and giving evidence really not of increased1 but of wasted power4 ,the continued use of alcoholic liquors in any considerable quantity produces irritation and inflammation of the stomach1 and structural disease of the liver4 ,dr4 ,hammond has shown that alcohol has a special affinity for nervous matter1 and is1 therefore1 found in greater quantity in the brain and spinal cord than elsewhere in the body4 ,the gray matter of the brain undergoes1 to a certain extent1 a fatty degeneration1 and there is a shrinking of the whole cerebrum1 with impairment of the intellectual faculties1 muscular tremor1 and a shambling gait4 ,large doses of alcohol cause a diminution of the temperature of the body1 which in fevers is more marked than in the normal state4 ,in addition to the organic diseases enumerated above1 and delirium tremens1 the following diseases are frequently the result of the excessive use of alcoholic liquors3 epilepsy1 paralysis1 insanity1 diabetes1 gravel1 and diseases of the heart and blood-vessels4 ,the physiological deductions of ,dr4 ,richardson are so much in accord with our own that we quote them in full3 ,in the first place we gather from the physiological reading of the action of alcohol that the agent is narcotic4 ,i have compared it throughout to chloroform1 and the comparison is good in all respects save one1 viz43 that alcohol is less fatal than chloroform as an instant destroyer4 ,it kills certainly in its own way1 but its method of killing is slow1 indirect1 and by disease4 ,the well-proven fact that alcohol1 when it is taken into the body1 reduces the animal temperature1 is full of the most important suggestions4 ,the fact shows that alcohol does not in any sense act as a supplier of vital heat as is commonly supposed1 and that it does not prevent the loss of heat as those imagine 'who take just a drop to keep out the cold1' ,it shows1 on the contrary1 that cold and alcohol1 in their effects on the body1 run closely together1 an opinion confirmed by the experience of those who live or travel in cold regions of the earth4 ,the experiences of the ,arctic voyagers1 of the leaders of the great ,napoleonic campaigns in ,russia1 of the good monks of ,st4 ,bernard1 all testify that death from cold is accelerated by its ally alcohol4 ,experiments with alcohol in extreme cold tell the like story1 while the chilliness of the body which succeeds upon even a moderate excess of alcoholic indulgence leads directly to the same indication of truth4 ,the conclusive evidence now in our possession that alcohol taken into the animal body sets free the heart1 so as to cause the excess of motion of which the record has been given above1 is proof that the heart1 under the frequent influence of alcohol1 must undergo deleterious change of structure4 ,it may1 indeed1 be admitted in proper fairness1 that when the heart is passing through these rapid movements it is working under less pressure than when its movements are slow and natural2 and this allowance must needs be made1 or the inference would be that the organ ought to stop at once1 in function1 by the excess of strain put upon it4 ,at the same time the excess of motion is injurious to the heart and to the body at large2 it subjects the heart to irregularity of supply of blood1 it subjects the body in all its parts to the same injurious influence2 it weakens1 and1 as a necessary sequence1 degrades both the heart and the body4 ,speaking honestly1 ,i cannot1 by any argument yet presented to me1 admit the alcohols by any sign that should distinguish them from other chemical substances of the paralysing narcotic class4 ,when it is physiologically understood that what is called stimulation or excitement is1 in absolute fact1 a relaxation1 a partial paralysis1 of one of the most important mechanisms in the animal body1 the minute1 resisting1 compensating circulation1 we grasp quickly the error in respect to the action of stimulants in which we have been educated1 and obtain a clear solution of the well-known experience that all excitement1 all passion1 leaves1 after its departure1 lowness of heart1 depression of mind1 sadness of spirit4 ,we learn1 then1 in respect to alcohol1 that the temporary excitement it produces is at the expense of the animal force1 and that the ideas of its being necessary to resort to it1 that it may lift up the forces of the animal body into true and firm and even activity1 or that it may add something useful to the living tissues1 are errors as solemn as they are widely disseminated4 ,in the scientific education of the people no fact is more deserving of special comment than this fact1 that excitement is wasted force1 the running down of the animal mechanism before it has served out its time of motion4 ,it will be said that alcohol cheers the weary1 and that to take a little wine for the stomach's sake is one of the lessons that comes from the deep recesses of human nature4 ,i am not so obstinate as to deny this argument1 ,there are times in the life of man when the heart is oppressed1 when the resistance to its motion is excessive1 and when blood flows languidly to the centres of life1 nervous and muscular4 ,in these moments alcohol cheers4 ,it lets loose the heart from its oppression2 it lets flow a brisker current of blood into the failing organs2 it aids nutritive changes1 and altogether is of temporary service to man4 ,so far1 alcohol may be good1 and if its use could be limited to this one action1 this one purpose1 it would be amongst the most excellent of the gifts of science to mankind4 ,unhappily1 the border line between this use and the abuse of it1 the temptation to extend beyond the use1 the habit to apply the use when it is not wanted as readily as when it is wanted1 overbalance1 in the multitude of men1 the temporary value that attaches truly to alcohol as a physiological agent4 ,hence alcohol becomes a dangerous instrument even in the hands of the strong and wise1 a murderous instrument in the hands of the foolish and weak4 ,used too frequently1 used too excessively1 this agent1 which in moderation cheers the failing body1 relaxes its vessels too extremely2 spoils vital organs2 makes the force of the circulation slow1 imperfect1 irregular2 suggests the call for more stimulation2 tempts to renewal of the evil1 and ruins the mechanism of the healthy animal before its hour for ruin1 by natural decay1 should be at all near4 ,it is assumed by most persons that alcohol gives strength1 and we hear feeble persons saying daily that they are being 'kept up by stimulants4' ,this means actually that they are being kept down2 but the sensation they derive from the immediate action of the stimulant deceives them and leads them to attribute passing good to what1 in the large majority of cases1 is persistent evil4 ,the evidence is all-perfect that alcohol gives no potential power to brain or muscle4 ,during the first stage of action it may enable a wearied or a feeble organism to do brisk work for a short time2 it may make the mind briefly brilliant2 it may excite muscle to quick action1 but it does nothing substantially1 and fills up nothing it has destroyed1 as it leads to destruction4 ,a fire makes a brilliant sight1 but leaves a desolation4 ,it is the same with alcohol4 ,on the muscular force the very slightest excess of alcoholic influence is injurious4 ,i find by measuring the power of muscle for contraction in the natural state and under alcohol1 that so soon as there is a distinct indication of muscular disturbance1 there is also indication of muscular failure1 and if ,i wished by scientific experiment to spoil for work the most perfect specimen of a working animal1 say a horse1 without inflicting mechanical injury1 ,i could choose no better agent for the purpose of the experiment than alcohol4 ,but alas6 the readiness with which strong1 well-built men slip into general paralysis under the continued influence of this false support1 attests how unnecessary it would be to subject a lower animal to the experiment4 ,the experiment is a custom1 and man is the subject4 ,the true place of alcohol is clear2 it is an agreeable temporary shroud4 ,the savage1 with the mansions of his soul unfurnished1 buries his restless energy under its shadow4 ,the civilized man overburdened with mental labor1 or with engrossing care1 seeks the same shade2 but it is shade1 after all1 in which1 in exact proportion as he seeks it1 the seeker retires from perfect natural life4 ,to search for force in alcohol is1 to my mind1 equivalent to the act of seeking for the sun in subterranean gloom until all is night4 ,it may be urged that men take alcohol1 nevertheless1 take it freely1 and yet live2 that the adult ,swede drinks his average cup of twenty-five gallons of alcohol per year and remains on the face of the earth4 ,i admit force even in this argument1 for ,i know under the persistent use of alcohol there is a limited provision for the continuance of life4 ,in the confirmed alcoholic the alcohol is1 in a certain sense1 so disposed of that it fits1 as it were1 the body for a long season1 nay1 becomes part of it2 and yet it is silently doing its fatal work4 ,the organs of the body may be slowly brought into a state of adaptation to receive it and to dispose of it4 ,but in that very preparation they are themselves made to undergo physical changes tending to the destruction of their function1 to perversion of their structure1 and to all those varied modifications of organic parts which the dissector of the human subject learns to recognize1--almost without concern1 and certainly without anything more than commonplace curiosity1--as the devastations incident to alcoholic indulgence4 ,the statistics collected from the census of the ,united ,states for #ahfj1 and given by ,dr4 ,de ,marmon1 in the ,new ,york ,medical ,journal for ,december1 #ahgj1 must carry conviction to all minds of the correctness of the foregoing deductions3 ,for the last ten years the use of spirits has1 #a4 ,imposed on the nation a direct expense of #fjj1jjj1jjj dollars4 #b4 ,has caused an indirect expense of #fjj1jjj1jjj dollars4 #c4 ,has destroyed #cjj1jjj lives4 #d4 ,has sent #ajj1jjj children to the poorhouses4 #e4 ,has committed at least #aej1jjj people into prisons and workhouses4 #f4 ,has made at least #a1jjj insane4 #g4 ,has determined at least #b1jjj suicides4 #h4 ,has caused the loss by fire or violence1 of at least #aj1jjj1jjj dollars' worth of property4 #i4 ,has made #bjj1jjj widows and #a1jjj orphans4 ,if these were the statistics twenty-four years ago1 with our greatly increased population1 what must they be to-day8 ,we will let the reader draw his own conclusions4 ,,malted ,,liquors4 ,under this head are included all those liquors into the composition of which malt enters1 such as beer1 ale1 and porter4 ,the proportion of alcohol in these liquors varies greatly4 ,in beer1 it is from two to five per cent42 in ,edinburgh ale1 it amounts to six per cent42 in porter1 it is usually from four to six per cent4 ,in addition to alcohol and water1 the malted liquors contain from five to fourteen per cent4 of the extract of malt1 and from #j4af to #j4fj per cent4 of carbonic acid4 ,they possess1 according to ,pereira1 three properties3 they quench thirst2 they stimulate1 cheer1 and1 if taken in sufficient quantity1 intoxicate2 and they nourish or strengthen4 ,the first of these qualities is due to the water entering into their composition2 the second1 to the alcohol2 the third is attributed the nutritive principles of the malt4 ,,objections ,,to ,,their ,,use ,,as ,,beverages4 ,these articles are either pure or adulterated4 ,in their pure state the objection to their use for this purpose lies in the fact that they contain alcohol4 ,this1 as we have seen1 is a poisonous substance1 which the human system in a state of health does not need4 ,its use1 when the body is in a normal condition1 is uncalled for1 and can only be deleterious4 ,beverages containing this poison are more or less deleterious to healthy persons1 according to the amount of it which they contain4 ,these liquors are frequently adulterated1 and this increases their injurious effects4 ,the ingenuity of man has been taxed to increase their intoxicating properties2 to heighten the color and flavor1 to create pungency and thirst2 and to revive old beer4 ,to increase the intoxicating power1 tobacco or the seeds of the ,cocculus indicus are added2 to heighten the color and flavor1 burnt sugar1 liquorice1 or treacle1 quassia1 or strychnine1 coriander1 and caraway seeds are employed2 to increase the pungency1 cayenne pepper or common salt is added2 to revive old beer1 or ale1 it is shaken up with green vitriol or sulphate of iron1 or with alum and common salt4 ,,fermented ,,liquors4 ,these are cider and wine4 ,cider contains alcohol to the amount of from five to ten per cent41 saccharine matter1 lactic acid1 and other substances4 ,new cider may be drunk in large quantities without inducing intoxication1 but old cider is quite as intoxicating as ale or porter4 ,the composition of wine is very complex1 the peculiar qualities which characterize the different varieties cannot be ascertained by chemical analysis4 ,wine is a solution of alcohol in water1 combined with various constituents of the grape4 ,the amount of alcohol in wines ranges from six to forty per cent4 ,as beverages1 these are open to the same objections as those manufactured from malt4 ,as a medicine1 wine is a useful remedy4 ,concerning its use in this capacity1 ,prof4 ,liebig says3 ,wine is a restorative4 ,as a means of refreshment when the powers of life are exhausted--as a means of compensation where a misappropriation occurs in nutrition1 and as a means of protection against transient organic disturbances1 it is surpassed by no product of nature or art4 ,that an article is useful in medicine1 however1 is no reason why it should be used as a beverage by those in health4 ,it is rather an argument against such a practice4 ,for it is generally true that the drugs used to restore the diseased system to health1 are pernicious or poisonous to it when in a normal condition4 ,,distilled ,,liquors4 ,these are whiskey1 brandy1 and the kindred productions of the still4 ,whiskey is a solution of alcohol in water1 mixed with various other principles which impart to it peculiar physical properties4 ,the amount of alcohol which it contains varies from forty-eight to fifty-six per cent4 ,old whiskey is more highly prized than the more recent product of the still1 from the fact that when kept for some years certain volatile oils are generated which1 impart to it a mellowness of flavor4 ,brandy is a solution of alcohol in water1 together with various other substances4 ,it contains from fifty to fifty-six per cent4 of alcohol4 ,pure brandy is distilled from wine1 #a1jjj gallons of wine yielding from #ajj to #aej gallons of brandy1 but a very large proportion of the brandy is made with little or no wine4 ,it is made artificially from high wines by the addition of oil of ,cognac1 to give it flavor1 burnt sugar to give it color1 and logwood or catechu1 to impart astringency and roughness of taste4 ,the best brandy is obtained by distillation from the best quality of white wines1 from the districts of ,cognac and ,armagnac in ,france4 ,,the ,,clothing4 ,there is no physical agent which exerts a more constant or more powerful influence upon health and life1 than the atmosphere4 ,the climate in these latitudes is exceedingly variable1 ranging all the way from #aaj ,fahr4 in summer to #dj below zero in the winter season4 ,the body of every individual should be so protected from cold1 that it can maintain a mean temperature of #ih ,fahr4 ,when the body is warm there is a free and equal circulation of the blood throughout all the structures4 ,when the surface is subjected to cold1 the numerous capillaries and minute vessels carrying the blood1 contract and diminish in size1 increasing the amount of this fluid in the internal organs1 thus causing congestion4 ,the blood must go somewhere1 and if driven from the surface1 it retreats to the cavities within4 ,hence this repletion of the vital organs causes pain from pressure and fullness of the distended blood-vessels1 and the organic functions are embarrassed4 ,besides1 cold upon the surface shuts up the pores of the skin1 which are among the most active and important excretory ducts of the system4 ,it is evident1 then1 that we require suitable clothing1 not only for comfort1 but to maintain the temperature and functions essential to health and life4 ,the chief object to be attained by dress is the maintenance of a uniform temperature of the body4 ,to attain this end1 it is necessary that the exhalations of the system1 which are continually escaping through the pores of the skin1 should be absorbed or conducted away from the person4 ,these exudations occur in the form of sensible or insensible perspiration1 and the clothing1 to be healthy1 should be so porous as to allow them freely to escape into the air4 ,a substance should also be chosen which is known to be a poor conductor of heat4 ,that generated by the system will thus be retained where it is needed1 instead of being dispersed into the atmosphere4 ,we might add that the better the material for accomplishing these purposes1 the less will be needed to be worn2 for we do not wish to wear or carry about with us any more material than is necessary4 ,it so happens that all of these qualities are found combined in flannel4 ,the value of this article worn next to the skin cannot be over-rated1 for while it affords protection from cold during the winter months1 it is equally beneficial during the heat of summer1 because it imbibes the perspiration1 and being very porous1 allows it to escape4 ,the skin always feels soft1 smooth1 and pliable1 when it is worn2 but1 when cotton takes its place1 it soon becomes dry and harsh4 ,its natural adaptability to these purposes1 shows that it is equally a comfort and a source of health4 ,where the skin is very delicate1 flannel sometimes causes irritation4 ,in such cases a thin fabric of linen1 cotton1 or silk1 should be worn next the skin1 with flannel immediately over it4 ,where there is a uniform and extreme degree of heat1 cotton and linen are very conducive to comfort4 ,but they are unsuitable in a climate or season liable to sudden fluctuations in temperature4 ,the value of furs1 where people are exposed to extreme cold1 cannot be overestimated4 ,they are much warmer than wool1 and are chiefly used as wraps on going outdoors4 ,they are too cumbrous and expensive for ordinary wear in this latitude1 but in places near the poles they constitute the chief clothing of the inhabitants4 ,the quantity of clothing worn is another important item4 ,the least that is necessary to keep the body well protected and evenly tempered when employed is the rule of health4 ,some people1 instead of wearing flannels next to the body1 put on other material in greater abundance1 thus confining the perspiration to the skin and making the body chilly4 ,the amount of clothing is then increased1 until they are so heavily clad that they cannot exercise4 ,it is far better to wear one thickness of flannel next to the skin1 and then cotton1 or woolen1 for outside garments1 and be able to exercise1 thus allowing the blood to circulate and to assist in the warming process4 ,one great fault in dress consists in neglecting to properly clothe the upper extremities4 ,some people do not reflect upon the necessity1 while others are too proud to be directed by plain common sense4 ,in the winter season1 the feet should be covered with woolen stockings4 ,the next matter of importance1 is to get a thick1 broad-soled shoe1 so large that it will not prevent the free circulation of the blood4 ,then for walking1 and especially for riding1 when the earth is wet and cold1 or when there is snow on the ground1 wear a flannel-lined rubber or ,arctic over-shoe4 ,be sure and keep the feet comfortable and warm at all times4 ,our next advice is to keep the legs warm4 ,we were called not long ago1 to see a young lady who had contracted a severe cold4 ,she had been to an entertainment where the apartments were nicely warmed1 and from thence had walked home late in the evening4 ,we inquired into the circumstances of the case1 and ascertained that she wore flannel about her chest1 and that she also wore rubbers over her shoes1 but the other portions of the lower extremities were protected by cotton coverings4 ,in short1 her legs were not kept warm1 and she took cold by going out from warm rooms into a chilly atmosphere4 ,a good pair of woolen leggings might have saved her much suffering4 ,the results of insufficient protection of the lower extremities are colds1 coughs1 consumption1 headaches1 pain in the side1 menstrual derangements1 uterine congestion and disorders1 besides disablement for the ordinary and necessary duties of life4 ,all these may be prevented by clothing the legs suitably1 and wearing comfortable flannels4 ,young people can bear a low temperature of the body better than old people1 because they possess greater power of endurance4 ,but that is no reason for unnecessary exposure4 ,the amount of clothing should be regulated according to the heat-generating power of the individual1 and also according to the susceptibility to cold4 ,no two persons are exactly alike in these respects4 ,but it is never proper for young people to reject the counsels of experience1 or treat lightly the advice to protect themselves thoroughly against the cold4 ,many a parent's heart has ached as he has followed the mortal remains of a darling child to the grave1 knowing that if good advice had been heeded1 in all human probability1 the life would have been prolonged4 ,the most deleterious mechanical errors in clothing are those which affect the chest and body4 ,tight lacing still plays too important a part in dress4 ,it interferes with the free and healthy movements of the body1 and effects a pressure which is alike injurious to the organs of respiration1 circulation1 and digestion4 ,the great muscle of respiration1 the diaphragm1 is impeded in its motion1 and is1 therefore1 unable to act freely4 ,the large blood-vessels are compressed1 and when the pressure is excessive the heart and lungs are also subjected to restraint and thrown out of their proper positions4 ,from the compression of the liver and stomach1 the functions of digestion are impeded1 a distaste for solid food1 flatulency and pain after eating are the unmistakable proofs of the injury which is being inflicted4 ,the evil effects of such pressure are not confined to actual periods of time during which this pressure is applied4 ,they continue after it has been removed and when the chest and trunk of the body have thus been subjected to long-continued pressure they become permanently deformed4 ,these deformities necessarily entail great suffering in child-bearing4 ,the evil effects of mechanical pressure on other parts of the body are not uncommon4 ,the leg is sometimes so indented by a tight garter that the returning flow of blood through the veins is prevented1 and a varicose condition of these vessels is produced4 ,irregular and excessive pressure on the foot by imperfectly fitting shoes or boots produce deformities of the feet and cause much suffering4 ,the high heels which are so common on the shoes of women and children inflict more than a local injury4 ,every time the body comes down upon the raised heel with its full weight a slight shock or vibration is communicated throughout the entire extent of the spinal column1 and the nervous mechanism is thereby injured4 ,furthermore1 displacements of the pelvic organs frequently result from these unnatural and absurd articles of dress4 ,women of fashion are subjected to much annoyance from wearing long1 flowing skirts suspended from their waists to trail uselessly on the floor and gather dust4 ,it is impossible for the wearers of these ridiculous garments to exercise their limbs properly or to breathe naturally4 ,indigestion1 palpitation1 shortness of breath1 and physical degeneracy are the inevitable consequences of their folly4 ,the skirts should always be suspended from the shoulders and not from the hips4 ,it is especially important that the clothing of children should not fit too tightly4 ,it is very important that the clothing should be kept clean4 ,that which is worn for a long time becomes saturated with the excretions and exhalations of the body1 which prevent free transpiration from the pores of the skin1 and thereby induce mental inactivity and depression of the physical powers4 ,unclear clothing may be the means of conveying disease4 ,scarlet fever has been conveyed frequently by the clothing of a nurse into a healthy family4 ,all of the contagious diseases have been communicated by clothing contaminated in laundries4 ,certain dyes which are largely used in the coloring of wearing apparel are poisonous1 and give rise to local disease of the skin1 accompanied in some instances1 with constitutional symptoms4 ,the principal poisonous dyes are the red and yellow aniline4 ,a case of poisoning from wearing stockings colored with aniline dyes1 in which there were severe constitutional symptoms1 came under our observation at the ,invalids' ,hotel recently4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,physical ,,exercise4 ,,mental ,,culture4 ,,sleep4 ,,cleanliness4 ,a well-developed physical organization is essential to perfect health4 ,among the ,greeks1 beauty ranked next to virtue1 and an eminent author has said that the nearer we approach ,divinity1 the more we reflect ,his eternal beauty4 ,the perfect expression of thought requires the physical accompaniments of language1 gesture1 etc4 ,the human form is pliable1 and1 with proper culture1 can be made replete with expression1 grace and beauty4 ,the cultivation of the intellectual powers has been allowed to supplant physical training to a great extent4 ,the results are abnormally developed brains1 delicate forms1 sensitive nerves and shortened lives4 ,that the physical and mental systems should be collaterally developed1 is a fact generally overlooked by educators4 ,the fullness of a great intellect is generally impaired when united with a weak and frail body4 ,we have sought perfection in animals and plants4 ,to the former we have given all the degree of strength and grace requisite to their peculiar duties2 to the latter we have imparted all the delicate tints and shadings that fancy could picture4 ,we have studied the laws of their existence1 until we are familiar with every phase of their production2 yet it remains for man to learn those laws of his own being1 by a knowledge of which he may promote and preserve the beauty of the human form1 and thus render it1 indeed1 an image of its ,maker4 ,when the body is tenanted by a cultivated intellect1 the result is a unity which is unique1 commanding the respect of humanity1 and insuring a successful life to the possessor4 ,students are as a rule pale and emaciated4 ,mental application is generally the cause assigned when1 in reality1 it is the result of insufficient exercise1 impure air1 and dietetic errors4 ,an intelligent journalist has remarked that many of our ministers weigh too little in the pulpit1 because they weigh too little on the scales4 ,the ,greek ,gymnasium and ,olympian ,games were the sure foundations of that education from which arose that subtle philosophy1 poetry1 and military skill which have won the admiration of nineteen centuries4 ,the laurel crown of the ,olympian victor was far more precious to the ,grecian youth than the gilded prize is to our modern genius4 ,a popular lecturer has truly remarked1 that we make brilliant mathematicians and miserable dyspeptics2 fine linguists with bronchial throats2 good writers with narrow chests and pale complexions2 smart scholars1 but not that union1 which the ancients prized1 of a sound mind in a sound body4 ,the brain becomes the chief working muscle of the system4 ,we refine and re-refine the intellectual powers down to a diamond point and brilliancy1 as if they were the sole or reigning faculties1 and we had not a physical nature binding us to earth1 and a spiritual nature binding us to the great heavens and the greater ,god who inhabits them4 ,thus the university becomes a sort of splendid hospital with this difference1 that the hospital cures1 while the university creates disease4 ,most of them are indicted at the bar of public opinion for taking the finest young brain and blood of the country1 and1 after working upon them for four years1 returning them to their homes skilled indeed to perform certain linguistic and mathematical dexterities1 but very much below par in health and endurance1 and1 in short1 seriously damaged and physically demoralized4 ,we read with reverence the sublime teachings of ,aristotle and ,plato2 we mark the grandeur of ,homer and the delicate beauties of ,virgil2 but we do not seek to reproduce in our modern institutions the gymnasium1 which was the real foundation of their genius4 ,colleges which are now entering upon their career1 should make ample provision for those exercises which develop the physical man4 ,this lack of bodily training is common with all classes1 and its effects are written in indelible characters on the faces and forms of old and young4 ,constrained positions in sitting restrict the movements of the diaphragm and ribs and often cause diseases of the spine1 or unnatural curvatures1 which prove disastrous to health and happiness4 ,the head should be held erect and the shoulders thrown backward1 so that at each inspiration the lungs may be fully expanded4 ,physical exercise should never be too violent or too prolonged4 ,severe physical labor1 and athletic sports1 if indulged in to an extreme degree1 produce undue excitability of the heart1 and sometimes cause it to become enlarged4 ,there is a form of heart disease induced by undue exertion which may be called a wearing out or wasting away of that organ4 ,it is common in those persons whose occupations expose them to excessive physical labor for too many hours together4 ,this feebleness of heart is felt but little by vigorous persons under forty years of age1 but in those who have passed this age it becomes manifest4 ,however1 when any person so affected is attacked by any acute disease1 the heart is more liable to fail1 and thus cause a fatal termination4 ,aneurism of the aorta or the large arteries branching off from it1 which is a dilatation of the walls of these vessels1 caused by the rupture of one or two of their coats1 is generally induced by excessive physical strain1 such as lifting heavy weights1 or carrying weights up long flights of stairs1 violent horseback exercise1 or hurrying to catch a train or street car4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,,an ,,erect ,,carriage is not only essential to health1 but adds grace and beauty to every movement4 ,although man was made to stand erect1 thus indicating his superiority over all other animals1 yet custom has done much to curve that magnificent central column1 upon the summit of which rests the grand dome of thought4 ,many young persons unconsciously acquire the habit of throwing the shoulders forward4 ,the spinal column is weakened by this unnatural posture1 its vertebr become so sensitive and distorted that they cannot easily support the weight of the body or sustain its equilibrium4 ,it is generally believed that persons of sedentary habits are more liable to become round-shouldered than any other class of individuals4 ,observation shows1 on the contrary1 that the manual laborer1 or even the idler1 often acquires this stooping posture4 ,it can be remedied1 not by artificial braces1 but by habitually throwing the shoulders backwards4 ,deformed trunks and crooked spines1 although sometimes the effects of disease are more frequently the results of carelessness4 ,jacques has remarked that one's standing among his fellow-men is quite as important a matter in a physiological1 as in a social sense4 ,walking is one of the most efficient means of physical culture1 as it calls all the muscles into action and produces the amount of tension requisite for their tonicity4 ,long walks or protracted physical exercise of any kind should never be undertaken immediately after meals4 ,the first essential to a healthful walk is a pleasurable object4 ,beautiful scenery1 rambles in meadows rich with fragrant grasses1 or along the flowery banks of water-courses1 affords an agreeable stimulus1 which sends the blood through the vital channels with unwonted force1 and imparts to the cheeks the ruddy glow of health4 ,our poets acknowledge the silent influence of nature4 ,wordsworth has expressed this thought in his own sublime way3 ,the floating clouds their state shall lend ,to her3 for her the willow bend2 ,nor shall she fail to see1 ,e'en in the motions of the storm ,grace that shall mould the maiden's form ,by silent sympathy4 ,the stars of midnight shall be dear ,to her3 and she shall lean her ear ,in many a secret place1 ,where rivulets dance their wayward round1 ,and beauty1 born of murmuring sound1 ,shall pass into her face4 ,,base ,,ball1 ,,cricket1 ,,boxing1 ,,and ,,fencing1 are all manly exercises when practiced solely with a view to their hygienic advantages and as such have our approval4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aje4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aji4 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,swimming was regarded by the ,greeks as an important accomplishment4 ,as a hygienic agency1 it occupies a high place in physical culture4 ,the varied movements impart strength and elasticity to the muscles4 ,it is as charming a recreation for women and girls as for men and boys4 ,furthermore1 it is not only a means of physical culture1 but is often essential for self-preservation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aaj4 ,,the ,,exercises ,,of ,,the ,,gymnasium are especially productive of health and longevity4 ,the most important of these are balancing1 leaping1 climbing1 wrestling1 and throwing1 all of which are especially adapted to the development of the muscles4 ,in conclusion1 we offer the following suggestions1 viz3 all gymnastic exercises should be practiced in the morning1 and in the open air2 extremes should be avoided2 and it should be always borne in mind1 that their chief object is to combine1 in a proper proportion1 mental and physical development4 ,in every relation of life we should cultivate all those faculties which pertain to our physical1 moral1 and mental natures1 subdue our passions1 and nature will bestow upon us her richest rewards of health1 beauty1 and happiness4 ,,cycling4 ,illustration ,if one were asked what athletic exercise deserves to be the most popular in ,america to-day1 the answer would of necessity be cycling4 ,the bicycle is being used by people of all ages and conditions of health in daily life2 its hygienic value as a means to healthy exercise cannot be overestimated4 ,in this1 as in everything else1 immoderation is to be condemned1 particularly where persons have not had sufficient training to take long spins1 or attempt racing4 ,beginners should ride only #aj or #ab minutes at a time--resting then to permit the circulation to become equalized4 ,in all cyclists1 at all ages1 in veteran riders as well as those not practiced in the art1 there is1 in the beginning of each attempt1 a quickened circulation2 the pulse is full and bounding1 and rarely falls under a hundred pulsations per minute4 ,so long as the exercise is continued1 an increase of cardiac motion is observable1 and a vigorous circulation is kept up4 ,this accounts for the astounding journeys a fully trained cyclist can accomplish1 and also for his endurance without sleep4 ,in spite of the quickened motion of the heart1 rarely have riders been known to grow giddy or show symptoms of cardiac embarrassment4 ,a good rider may climb a hill without trouble1 yet be unable to climb a flight of stairs without breathlessness and palpitation4 ,bicycle riding as a means for acquiring strength and vigor1 improving the circulation and developing the respiratory organs1 is unexcelled4 ,fast riding1 or scorching1 among those not used to physical exertion1 and leaning over the handle-bars so as to ride in a stooping position1 are to be heartily condemned4 ,the latter prevents the lungs from getting their full expansion1 and cultivates a tendency to round shoulders4 ,men or women suffering from diseases of the sexual organs should1 before riding1 consult the physician having their case in charge4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aab4 ,,riding ,,on ,,horseback is a fine exercise for both sexes4 ,it promotes digestion1 improves the circulation1 and expands and develops the respiratory organs4 ,the pure1 fresh air1 pleasant scenery1 and pleasurable excitement1 impart renewed vigor to the equestrian4 ,in the ,southern ,states it is a universal accomplishment1 and children are taught to ride as well as to walk4 ,,dancing4 ,notwithstanding the fact that dancing has been perverted to the basest purposes1 has been made the fruitful source of dissipation1 and has often laid the foundation for disease1 it is yet capable of being made to minister to health and happiness4 ,as a means of physical culture1 it favors the development of the muscular system1 and promotes health and cheerfulness4 ,when practiced for this purpose1 ,jacques terms it the best of all indoor exercises1 as it brings to bear upon the physical system a great number of energizing and harmonious influences4 ,,mental ,,culture4 ,the brain1 like all other organs of the body1 requires alternate exercise and repose2 and1 in physical endurance1 it is subject to general physiological laws4 ,when exercised with moderation it acquires strength1 vigor1 and an accelerated activity4 ,excessive mental exertion is liable to result in softening of the brain1 and various nervous diseases1 sometimes culminating in insanity1 and in many instances proving fatal to life4 ,the mere votaries of pleasure who avoid all effort of the mind1 fall into the opposite error4 ,in all cases of intellectual activity1 the exertions should be directed to some subject interesting to the student4 ,in this manner duty will become a pleasure1 which in turn will re-invigorate the mental functions4 ,when the mind in confined to one subject for any considerable length of time together1 it becomes fatigued1 and requires relaxation1 recreation1 rest4 ,this may be obtained by directing the attention to some other subject1 either study or amusement1 the latter of which is preferable4 ,the amusement1 however1 may be of an intellectual or physical character or both combined1 and will1 if properly conducted1 restore vigor to both mind and body4 ,prominent among physical phenomena is the mutual relation between the brain and the organs of nutrition4 ,mental exertion should be avoided for at least one hour after a hearty meal1 and all mental labor which requires concentration of thought ought to be accomplished in the earlier portion of the day1 when the brain is refreshed and repaired by the night's repose4 ,mental1 like physical endurance1 is modified by age1 health and development4 ,a person accustomed to concentration of thought1 can endure a longer mental strain than one inured to manual labor only4 ,one of the most injurious customs1 is the cultivation of the intellect at the expense of the physical powers4 ,,mental ,,culture ,,during ,,childhood4 ,one of the greatest mistakes which people make in the management of their children1 is to overtask their mental faculties4 ,although it is exceedingly gratifying to see children acquire knowledge1 and manifest an understanding far beyond their years1 this gratification is often purchased too dearly1 for precocious children are apt to die young4 ,the tissue of the brain and nerves of children is very delicate2 they have not yet acquired the powers of endurance which older persons possess4 ,the greater portion of the nutriment assimilated1 is required for growth and organic development1 and they can ill afford its expenditure for mental manifestations4 ,they receive impressions easier and learn much more readily than in after life1 but it is at the expense of the physical organization4 ,their mental faculties continue to be developed by the expenditure of brain nutriment1 while physical growth and the powers of endurance are arrested4 ,it is much better to give physical development the precedence in order that the mental organism may be well supported and its operations carried into effect2 for it must be apparent to all that an ordinary intellect in a healthy body1 is capable of accomplishing infinitely more than a strong mind in a weak body4 ,regularity should be observed in exercising the mental functions4 ,for this reason a fixed order in the pursuit of any literary occupation is very essential4 ,the pursuit of the most abstruse studies will thus become habitual and comparatively easy1 a consequence of systematic application4 ,mental labor should always cease when the train of thought becomes confused1 and there is the slightest sensation of depression4 ,all distracting influences should be absent from the mind1 in order to facilitate intense study1 for the intellect cannot attend perfectly to two subjects at the same time4 ,painful sensations always have a tendency to paralyze mental exertion4 ,great care should be taken that the head is not subjected to injury of any kind1 as it is almost invariably accompanied by some nervous derangement4 ,exposure to extreme heat should be carefully avoided4 ,an attack of sun-stroke although it may not be immediately fatal1 may occasion tumors in the brain1 or some organic disease4 ,,sleep4 ,for all animated beings sleep is an imperious necessity1 as indispensable as food4 ,the welfare of man requires alternate periods of activity and repose4 ,it is a well-established physiological fact1 that during the wakeful hours the vital energies are being expended1 the powers of life diminished1 and1 if wakefulness is continued beyond a certain limit1 the system becomes enfeebled and death is the result4 ,during sleep there is a temporary cessation of vital expenditures1 and a recuperation of all the forces4 ,under the influence of sleep the blood is refreshed1 the brain recruited1 physical sufferings are extinguished1 mental troubles are removed1 the organism is relieved1 and hope returns to the heart4 ,the severest punishment which can be inflicted upon a person1 is to entirely deprive him of sleep4 ,in ,china1 a few years since1 three criminals were sentenced to be kept awake until they should die4 ,to do this it was necessary to keep a guard over them4 ,the sentinels were armed with sharp1 pointed instruments1 with which to goad the victims and thus prevent them from sleeping4 ,life soon became a burden1 and1 although they were well fed during the time1 death occurred sooner than it would have done had starvation been the punishment4 ,,sleeping ,,rooms4 ,the sleeping room should be large and well ventilated1 and the air kept moderately cool4 ,the necessity for a fire may be determined by the health of the occupant4 ,besides maintaining a proper temperature in the room1 a little fire is useful1 especially if in a grate1 for the purpose of securing good ventilation4 ,the windows should not be so arranged as to allow a draught upon the body during the night1 but yet so adjusted that the inmate may obtain plenty of fresh air4 ,,the ,,bed should not be too soft1 but rather hard4 ,feathers give off animal emanations of an injurious character1 and impart a feeling of lassitude and debility to those sleeping on them4 ,no more coverings should be used than are actually necessary for the comfort of the individual4 ,cotton sheets are warmer than linen1 and answer equally as well4 ,,sleeping ,,alone4 ,certain effluvia are thrown off from our persons1 and when two individuals sleep together each inhales from the other more or less of these emanations4 ,there is little doubt that consumption1 and many other diseases1 not usually considered contagious1 are sometimes communicated in this manner4 ,when it is not practicable for individuals to occupy separate beds1 the persons sleeping together should be of about the same age1 and in good health4 ,numerous cases have occurred in which healthy1 robust children have gradually declined and died within a few months1 from the evil effects of sleeping with old people4 ,again1 those in feeble health have been greatly benefited1 and even restored1 by sleeping with others who were young and healthy4 ,,time ,,for ,,sleep4 ,night is the proper time for sleep4 ,when day is substituted for night1 the sleep obtained does not fully restore the exhausted energies of the system4 ,nature does not allow her laws to be broken with impunity4 ,children require more sleep than old persons4 ,they are sometimes stupefied with soothing syrups1 and preparations of opium1 in order to get them temporarily out of the way4 ,such narcotics are very injurious and dangerous4 ,we have known a young child to be killed by a single drop of laudanum4 ,this practice1 therefore1 cannot be too emphatically condemned4 ,,how ,,to ,,put ,,children ,,to ,,bed4 ,the following characteristic lines are from the pen of ,fanny ,fern1 and contain such good advice that we cannot refrain from quoting them3 ,not with a reproof for any of the day's sins of omission or commission4 ,take any other time than bed-time for that4 ,if you ever heard a little creature sighing or sobbing in its sleep1 you could never do this4 ,seal their closing eyelids with a kiss and a blessing4 ,the time will come1 all too soon1 when they will lay their heads upon their pillows lacking both4 ,let them at least have this sweet memory of happy childhood1 of which no future sorrow or trouble can rob them4 ,give them their rosy youth4 ,nor need this involve wild license4 ,the judicious parent will not so mistake my meaning4 ,if you ever met the man or the woman1 whose eyes have suddenly filled when a little child has crept trustingly to its mother's breast1 you may have seen one in whose childhood's home 'dignity' and 'severity' stood where love and pity should have been4 ,too much indulgence has ruined thousands of children2 too much love not one4 ,,position ,,in ,,sleep4 ,the proper position in sleep is upon the right side4 ,the orifice leading from the stomach to the bowels being on this side1 this position favors the passage of the contents into the duodenum4 ,lying on the back is injurious1 since by so doing the spine becomes heated1 especially if the person sleeps on feathers1 the circulation is obstructed and local congestions are encouraged4 ,the face should never be covered during sleep1 since it necessitates the breathing of the same air over again1 together with the emanations from the body4 ,,the ,,amount ,,of ,,sleep4 ,the amount of sleep required varies with the age1 habits1 condition1 and peculiarities of the individual4 ,no definite rule can be given for the guidance of all4 ,the average amount required1 however1 is eight or nine hours out of the twenty-four4 ,some persons need more than this1 while others can do with less4 ,since both body and mind are recuperated by sleep1 the more they are exhausted the more sleep is required4 ,a person employed at mental labor should have more than one who is merely expending muscular strength4 ,six hours of unbroken sleep do more to refresh and revive than ten when frequently interrupted4 ,if it is too prolonged it weakens and stupefies both body and mind4 ,if an insufficient amount is taken the flagging energies are not restored4 ,persons who eat much1 or use stimulants generally require more than others4 ,to sleep regularity is desirable4 ,if a person goes to bed at a certain hour for several nights in succession1 it will soon become a habit4 ,the same holds true with regard to rising4 ,if children are put to sleep at a stated hour for several days in succession1 it will soon become a habit with them4 ,,cleanliness4 ,cleanliness is next to godliness1 and is essential to the health and vigor of the system4 ,its importance cannot be overestimated1 and it should be inculcated early on the minds of the young4 ,even from the body's purity1 the mind receives a secret sympathetic aid4 ,when we consider the functions of the skin1 with its myriads of minute glands1 innumerable little tubes1 employed in removing the worn-out1 useless matter from the system1 we cannot fail to appreciate the utility of frequent bathing with soap and water4 ,unless these excretions are removed1 the glands become obstructed1 their functions are arrested1 and unpleasant odors arise4 ,many persons think because they daily bathe the face1 neck1 and hands1 dress the hair becomingly and remove the dirt from their clothing that the height of cleanliness has been reached4 ,from a hygienic point of view1 bathing the entire body is of much greater importance4 ,notwithstanding the necessity for cleanliness of the body1 we occasionally meet with persons who1 although particular about their personal appearance1 permit their bodies to be for weeks and even months without a bath4 ,such neglect should never exceed one week4 ,plenty of sunlight and at least one or two general baths every week are essential to perfect health4 ,cleanliness is necessary to health1 beauty1 attractiveness1 and a cheerful disposition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,hygiene ,,of ,,the ,,reproductive ,,organs4 ,the structure and functions of organized bodies are subject to continual alteration4 ,the changes of nutrition and growth1 which are constantly taking place in the tissues render them at the same time the seat of repair and waste1 of renovation and decomposition1 of life and death4 ,the plant germinates and blossoms1 then withers and decays2 animal life1 in like manner1 comes into being1 grows to maturity1 fades1 and dies4 ,it is1 therefore1 essential to the perpetuation of life1 that new organisms be provided to take the place of those which are passing out of existence4 ,there is no physiological process which presents more interesting phenomena than that of reproduction1 which includes the formation1 as well as the development of new beings4 ,since self-preservation is ,nature's first law1 the desire for food is a most powerful instinct in all living animals4 ,not inferior to this law is that for the perpetuation of the race2 and for this purpose1 throughout the animal and vegetable kingdoms1 we find the ,biblical statement literally illustrated3 ,male and female created ,he them4 ,health is the gauge by which the prosperity of a people may be measured4 ,were we to trace the history of nations1--their rise and fall1--we would find that much of the barbarism and crime1 degradation and vice1 as well as their decline and final extinction1 was due to licentiousness and sexual excesses4 ,since there is an intimate relation between mind and body1 when the body is enfeebled the mind becomes enervated4 ,morbid conditions of the body prevent the highest mental development1 and1 on the other hand1 when the mind is debilitated1 general depravity1 physical as well as mental1 is the result4 ,the highest development of the body results from the equal and harmonious cultivation of all the mental powers4 ,the perfect development and health of the physical organs is therefore essential to the happiness of mankind4 ,but1 before health can be insured the nature and general functions of the physical system must be understood4 ,this being done1 the question naturally arises3 ,how can health be best maintained and longevity secured8 ,,influence ,,of ,,food4 ,we have previously noticed the effects which food1 exercise1 and other hygienic agencies1 have upon digestion1 circulation1 and respiration2 and we find that they exert a not less potent influence upon the health of the generative organs4 ,excessive stimulation excites the sexual passions4 ,for this reason1 children should not be immoderately indulged in highly seasoned foods4 ,those persons who have great muscular vigor are endowed with violent passions1 and unless restrained by moral considerations1 are very likely to be overcome by their animal propensities4 ,alcoholic stimulants have a debasing influence upon the whole system1 and especially upon the sexual organs2 they excite the animal and debase the moral nature2 they exhaust the vitality1 and1 after the excitement1 which they temporarily induce1 has passed away1 the body is left in a prostrated condition4 ,,physical ,,labor ,,modifies ,,the ,,passions4 ,labor consumes the surplus vitality which a person may possess1 and no better protective can be found against the gratification of the passions1 unless it be high moral training1 than daily toil extended to such a degree as to produce fatigue4 ,labor determines the blood to the surface and to other parts of the body1 and prevents excitement and congestion of the sexual centers4 ,if1 by education or association1 the passions of children be excited1 they will be increased4 ,if1 on the contrary1 they be taught to avoid these social or solitary evils1 they will be abated4 ,let them be educated to work and the intellectual faculties will assert their sway1 the moral powers will be strengthened1 and the body better developed1 for purity of mind is the result of the perfect development of man4 ,,influences ,,of ,,climate4 ,individuals possess distinguishing peculiarities characteristic of the nation to which they belong4 ,climate exerts a powerful influence upon mankind4 ,in tropical regions the inhabitants are enervated1 effeminate1 and sensual4 ,the rich live in luxury and ease1 vice is unrestrained and license unbridled4 ,when the animal propensities are allowed to predominate1 the mental faculties are kept in subjection4 ,hence races that inhabit those latitudes rarely produce scholars or philosophers4 ,a warm climate hastens the development of the reproductive organs4 ,men and women become mature at a much earlier age in those regions1 than in countries where the temperature is lower4 ,in like manner there is a tendency to premature enfeeblement1 for the earlier the system matures1 the sooner it deteriorates4 ,,man ,,is ,a ,,social ,,being4 ,history demonstrates that when man is deprived of the society of women1 he becomes reckless1 vicious1 depraved1 and even barbarous in his habits1 thus illustrating the maxim3 ,it is not good for man to be alone4 ,social intercourse promotes mental and physical development4 ,the development of the individual implies the unfolding of every power1 both physical and mental4 ,nothing so regulates and restrains passion as a healthy condition of the organs through which it finds expression4 ,and every organ of the body is powerful in proportion to its soundness4 ,the propensities play a prominent part in the education of the child4 ,when properly disciplined and held in subordination to the higher faculties1 they constitute an important factor in the economy of man4 ,boys are more liable to be morbidly excited when secluded from the society of girls1 and vice versa4 ,again1 when the sexes are accustomed to associate1 the passions are not apt to be aroused1 because of the natural antagonistic constitutional elements4 ,the influence of the one refines1 and ennobles the other4 ,let children be taught to understand their natures1 and knowing them1 they will learn self-government4 ,as man rises in education and moral feeling he proportionately rises in the power of self-restraint2 and consequently as he becomes deprived of this wholesome law of discipline he sinks into self-indulgence and the brutality of savage life4 ,the passions may be aroused by the language1 appearance or dress of the opposite sex4 ,a word spoken without any impure intent is often construed in a very different sense by one whose passions color the thought1 and is made to convey an impression entirely unlike that which was intended by the speaker4 ,also1 the dress may be of such a character as to excite the sexual passion4 ,the manner in which the apparel is worn is often so conspicuous as to become bawdy1 thereby appealing to the libidinous desires1 rather than awakening an admiration for the mental qualities4 ,,obscene ,,literature4 ,literature is a powerful agent either for good or evil4 ,if we would improve the morals1 choice literature must be selected1 whether it be that which realizes the ideal1 or idealizes the real4 ,obscene literature1 or books written for the express purpose of exciting or intensifying sexual desires in the young1 goads to an illicit gratification of the passions1 and ruins the moral and physical nature4 ,it not unfrequently happens that a child is born with a vigorous1 mental organism which promises a brilliant future1 but manhood finds him incompetent1 debilitated1 and totally incapacitated for mental or manual labor4 ,this may be the result of youthful indiscretion1 ignorantly committed1 but not unfrequently it is the effect of a pernicious literature which inflames the imagination1 tramples upon reason1 and describes to the youth a realm where the passions are the ruling deities4 ,many persons are born into the world with disordered organizations for which they are not themselves responsible4 ,such individuals are entitled to the sympathy of humanity4 ,dyspepsia1 scrofula1 consumption1 and a thousand ills to which mankind is heir1 are inherited from parents1 the results of ill-assorted marriages4 ,intoxicated parents often produce offspring utterly demented4 ,children of healthy parents1 with good constitutions1 are usually healthy and intelligent4 ,there are marked varieties of character in children of the same parents4 ,one manifests great precocity1 another is below the average in mental attainments2 one is amiable1 another irritable in disposition2 indeed1 there are often as great differences between children of the same1 as of different families4 ,this is due to the physical and mental conditions of the parents1 more especially the mother1 not only at the time of the impregnation but also during the period intervening between conception and the birth of the offspring4 ,the ancients regarded courage as the principal virtue4 ,by us1 purity is so estimated4 ,moral purity is an essential requisite to the growth and perfection of the character4 ,,self-,,abuse4 ,untold miseries arise from the pollution of the body4 ,self-pollution1 or onanism1 is one of the most prolific sources of evil1 since it leads both to the degradation of body and mind4 ,it is practiced more or less by members of both sexes1 and the habit once established1 is overcome with the greatest difficulty4 ,it is the source of numerous diseases which derange the functional activity of the organs involved1 and eventually impair the constitution4 ,this vicious habit is often practiced by those who are ignorant of its dangerous results4 ,statistics show that insanity is frequently caused by masturbation4 ,immoderate indulgence in any practice is deleterious to the individual4 ,emphatically true is this with regard to sexual excesses4 ,not unfrequently does the marriage rite cover a multitude of sins4 ,the abuse of the conjugal relation produces the most serious results to both parties1 and is a prolific source of some of the gravest forms of disease4 ,prostatorrhea1 spermatorrhea1 impotency1 hypochondria1 and general debility of the generative organs1 arise from sexual excesses4 ,the health of the reproductive organs can only be maintained by leading a temperate life4 ,the food should be nourishing but not stimulating4 ,lascivious thoughts should be banished from the mind1 and a taste cultivated for that literature which is elevating in its nature1 and the associations should be refining and ennobling4 ,let these conditions and the rules of hygiene1 be observed1 and virtue will reward her subjects with a fine physique and a noble character4 ,woman1 from the nature of her organization1 has less strength and endurance than man4 ,much1 however1 of the suffering and misery which she experiences arises from insufficient attention to the sexual organs4 ,the menstrual function is generally established between the ages of twelve and fourteen4 ,for want of proper instruction1 many a girl through ignorance ,,has caused derangements which have enfeebled her womanhood or terminated her life4 ,at this critical period the mother cannot be too considerate of her daughter's health4 ,preceding the first appearance of the menses1 girls usually feel an aching in the back1 pains in the limbs1 chilliness1 and general languor4 ,the establishment of this function relieves these symptoms4 ,every precaution should be taken during the period to keep the feet dry and warm1 to freely maintain a general circulation of the blood1 to avoid exertion1 and to refrain from standing or walking too much4 ,menstrual derangements should never be neglected1 for they predispose to affections of the brain1 liver1 heart1 and stomach1 induce consumption and frequently end in death4 ,young women should1 therefore1 properly protect themselves1 and avoid extremes of heat and cold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,practical ,,summary ,,of ,,hygiene4 #a4 ,the first step which should be taken for the prevention of disease1 is to make provision for the health of the unborn child4 ,greater care should be exercised with women who are in a way to become mothers4 ,those who are surrounded by all the luxuries which health can bestow1 indulge too much in rich food1 and take too little exercise2 while the poor get too little nourishment1 and work too hard and too long4 ,a woman in this condition should avoid over-exertion1 and all scenes which excite the passions or powerful emotions4 ,she should take moderate exercise in the open air2 eat moderately of wholesome food1 and of meat not oftener than twice a day2 take tea or coffee in limited quantities1 and avoid the use of all alcoholic liquors2 she should go to bed early and take not less than nine hours sleep2 her clothing should be loose1 light in weight1 and warm4 ,she should take every precaution against exposure to contagious or infectious diseases4 #b4 ,there is no better method for preventing the spread of contagious diseases than perfect isolation of the infected1 and thorough disinfection of all articles of clothing or bedding which have been in contact with the infected4 ,many persons erroneously believe that every child must necessarily have the measles1 and other contagious diseases1 and they1 therefore1 take no precautions against the exposure of their children4 ,the liability to infection diminishes as age advances1 and those individuals are1 as a rule1 the strongest and best developed who have never suffered from any of the contagious diseases4 ,although1 vaccination is the great safeguard against-pox1 yet it should never prevent the immediate isolation of those who are suffering from this disease4 #c4 ,to avoid the injurious effects of impure air1 the following rules1 should be carefully observed4 ,the admission of air which contains anything that emits an unpleasant odor into closed rooms should be avoided4 ,the temperature of every apartment should be kept as near #gj ,fahr4 as possible1 and the air should not be overcharged with watery vapor4 ,provisions should be made for the free admission into and escape of air from the room at all times4 ,when an apartment is not in use1 it should be thoroughly ventilated by opening the windows4 ,those who are compelled to remain in an atmosphere tilled with dust1 should wear a cotton-wool respirator4 #d4 ,to insure a healthy condition of the body1 the diet of man ought to be varied1 and all excesses should be avoided4 ,the total amount of solid food taken in the twenty-four hours should not exceed two and a half pounds1 and not more than one-third of this quantity should consist of animal food4 ,many persons do not require more than one pound and a half of mixed food4 ,to avoid parasitic diseases1 meat should not be eaten rare1 especially pork4 ,the amount of drink taken should not be more than three pints in twenty-four hours4 ,the excessive use of tea and coffee should be avoided4 ,pickles1 boiled cabbage1 and other indigestible articles should never be eaten4 #e4 ,to avoid the evil effects of alcoholic liquors1 perfect abstinence is the only safe course to pursue4 ,although one may use spirituous liquors in moderation for a long period of time and possibly remain healthy1 yet such an indulgence is unnecessary and exceedingly dangerous4 ,a person who abstains entirely from their use is safe from their pernicious influence2 a person who indulges ever so moderately is in danger2 a person who relies on such stimulants for support in the hour of need is lost4 #f4 ,while the use of tobacco is less pernicious than alcohol in its effects1 et it exerts a profound disturbing influence upon the nervous system1 and gives rise to various functional and organic diseases4 ,this is the verdict of those who have given the subject the most study1 and who have had the best opportunities for extensive observation4 ,suddenly fatal results have followed excesses in the use of tobacco4 ,therefore1 the habit should be avoided1 or if already acquired1 it should be immediately abandoned4 #g4 ,the clothing should be light and porous1 adapted in warmth to the season4 ,it is especially important that persons in advanced life should be well protected against vicissitudes of heat and cold4 ,exposure is the cause of almost all those inflammatory diseases which occur during winter1 and take off the feeble and the aged4 ,the under-garments should be kept scrupulously clean by frequent changes4 ,corsets or bands which impede the flow of blood1 compress the organs of the chest or abdomen1 or restrict the movements of the body1 are very injurious1 and should not be worn4 ,articles of dress which are colored with irritating dye-stuffs1 should be carefully avoided4 #h4 ,it matters not how varied a person's vocation may be1 change1 recreation1 and rest are required4 ,it is an error to suppose that more work can be done by omitting these4 ,no single occupation which requires special mental or physical work1 should be followed for more than eight hours out of the twenty-four4 ,the physical organism is not constructed to run its full cycle of years and labor under a heavier burden than this4 ,physical and mental exercise is conducive to health and longevity1 if not carried too far4 ,it is erroneous to suppose that excessive physical exertion promotes health4 ,man was never intended to be a running or a jumping machine4 ,in mental work1 variety should be introduced4 ,new work calls into play fresh portions of the brain1 and secures repose for those parts which have become exhausted4 ,idleness should be avoided by all4 ,men should never retire from business as long as they enjoy a fair degree of health4 ,idleness and inactivity are opposed to nature4 #i4 ,the average length of time which a person ought to sleep is eight hours out of the twenty-four1 and1 as a rule1 those who take this amount enjoy the best health4 ,the most favorable time for sleep is between the hours of #aj ,p4,m4 and #f ,a4,m4 ,all excitement1 the use of stimulants1 and excessive fatigue tend to prevent sleep4 ,sleeping rooms should be well ventilated1 and the air maintained at a equable temperature of as near #fj ,fahr4 as possible4 ,an inability to sleep at the proper time1 or a regular inclination to sleep at other than the natural hours for it1 is a certain indication of errors of habit1 or of nervous derangement4 #aj4 ,prominent among all other measures for the maintenance of ,health1 is personal cleanliness4 ,activity in the functions of the skin is essential to perfect health1 and this can only be secured by thoroughly bathing the entire body4 ,strictly1 a person should bathe once every twenty-four or forty-eight hours4 ,the body should be habituated to contact with cold water at all season of the year1 so that warm water may not become a necessity4 ,the simplest and most convenient bath1 is the ordinary sponge-bath4 ,an occasional hot-air1 or ,turkish bath1 exerts a very beneficial influence4 ,it cleans out the pores of the skin and increases its activity4 #aa4 ,the emotions and the passions exert a powerful influence over the physical organism4 ,it is important1 therefore1 that they be held under restraint by the reasoning faculties4 ,this rule applies equally to joy1 fear1 and grief2 to avarice1 anger1 and hatred2 and1 above all1 to the sexual passion4 ,they are a prolific source of disease of the nervous system1 and have caused the dethronement of some of the most gifted intellects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,rational ,,medicine4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,the ,,progress ,,of ,,medicine4 ,during the last half century a great change has taken place in the treatment of disease4 ,medicine has advanced with rapid strides1 from the narrow limits of mere empiricism1 to the broader realm of rationalism1 until to day it comprehends all the elements of an art and a science4 ,scientific researches and investigations have added many valuable truths to the general fund of medical learning1 but much more has been effected by observation and empirical discovery4 ,it is of little or no interest to the invalid to know whether the prescribed remedy is organic or inorganic1 simple1 compound1 or complex4 ,in his anxiety and distress of body1 he seeks solely for relief1 without regard to the character of the remedial agents employed4 ,but this indifference on the part of the patient does not obviate the necessity for a thorough1 scientific education on the part of the practitioner4 ,notwithstanding all the laws enacted to raise the standard of medicine1 and thus protect the public from quackery1 there yet exists a disposition among many to cling to all that savors of the miraculous1 or supernatural4 ,to insure the future advancement of the healing art1 physicians must instruct mankind in ,physiology1 ,hygiene1 and ,medicine4 ,when the people understand the nature of diseases1 their causes1 methods of prevention and cure1 they will not be easily deceived1 and practitioners will be obliged to qualify themselves better for their labors4 ,the practice of medicine is every year becoming more successful4 ,new and improved methods of treating disease are being discovered and developed1 and the conscientious physician will avail himself of all the means1 by a knowledge of which he may benefit his fellow-men4 ,the medical profession is divided into three principal schools1 or sects4 ,,the ,,allopathic1 ,,regular1 ,,or ,,old ,,school ,,of ,,medicine4 ,this is the oldest existing branch of the profession4 ,to it is due the credit of collecting and arranging the facts and discoveries which form the foundation of the healing art4 ,it has done1 and is doing1 much to place the science of medicine on a firm basis4 ,to the text-books of this school1 every student who would qualify himself for medical practice must resort1 to gain that knowledge upon which depends his future success4 ,the early practice of this branch of the profession was necessarily crude and empirical4 ,conservative in its character1 it has ever been slow to recognize new theories and methods of practice1 and has failed to adopt them until they have been incontrovertibly established4 ,this conservatism was manifested in the opposition to ,harvey when he propounded the theory of the circulation of the blood1 and to ,jenner when he discovered and demonstrated the beneficial effects of vaccination4 ,thus has it ever defended its established opinions against innovation2 yet out of this very conservatism has grown much real good1 for1 although it has wasted no time or energy in the investigation of theories1 yet it has accepted them when established4 ,in this manner it has added to its fund of knowledge only those truths which are of real and intrinsic value4 ,the history of medicine may be divided into three eras4 ,in the first1 the practice of medicine was merely empiricism4 ,ignorant priests or astrologers administered drugs1 concerning the properties of which they had no knowledge1 to appease the wrath of mythological deities4 ,in the second or heroic era1 the lancet1 mercury1 antimony1 opium1 and the blister were employed indiscriminately as the sine qua non of medical practice4 ,the present1 with all its scientific knowledge of the human structure and functions1 and its vast resources for remedying disease may be aptly termed the liberal era of medicine4 ,the allopathic differs from the other schools1 mainly in the application of remedies4 ,in its ranks are found men1 indefatigable in their labors1 delving deep into the mysteries of nature1 and who1 for their scientific attainments and humane principles are justly considered ornaments to society and to their profession4 ,,homoeopathy4 ,although this school is of comparatively recent origin1 yet it has gained a powerful hold upon the public favor1 and numbers among its patrons very many intelligent citizens4 ,this fact alone would seem to indicate that it possesses some merit4 ,the homeopathic differs from the allopathic school principally in its law of cure1 which1 according to ,hahnemann1 its founder1 was the doctrine of similia similibus curantur or like cures like4 ,its method of treatment is founded upon the assumption that if a drug be given to a healthy person1 symptoms will occur which1 if transpiring in disease1 would be mitigated by the same drug4 ,while it may be exceedingly difficult for a member of another school to accept this doctrine and comprehend the method founded upon it1 yet no one can deny that it contains some elements of truth4 ,imbued with the spirit of progress1 many of its most intelligent and successful practitioners have resorted to the use of appreciable quantities of medicine4 ,this school associates hydropathy with its practice1 and usually inculcates rigid dietetic and hygienic regulations4 ,many homoeopathic remedies are thoroughly triturated with sugar of milk1 which renders them more palatable and efficacious4 ,whether we attribute their cures to the infinitesimal doses which many homoeopathists employ1 to their law of cure1 to good nursing1 or to the power of nature1 it is nevertheless true that their practice is measurably successful4 ,no doubt the homoeopathic practice has modified that of the other schools1 by proving that diseases may be alleviated by smaller quantities of medicine than were formerly employed4 ,,the ,,eclectic ,,school4 ,this school1 founded by ,wooster ,beach1 instituted the most strenuous opposition to the employment of mercury1 antimony1 the blister1 and the lancet4 ,the members of this new school proclaimed that the action of heroic and noxious medicines was opposed to the operation of the vital forces1 and proposed to substitute in their place safer and more efficacious agents1 derived exclusively from the vegetable kingdom4 ,the eclectics have investigated the properties of indigenous plants and have discovered many valuable remedies1 which a kind and bounteous nature has so generously supplied for the healing of her children4 ,marked success attended the employment of these agents4 ,in #aheb1 a committee on ,indigenous ,medical ,botany1 appointed by the ,american ,medical ,association1 acknowledged that the practitioners of the regular school had been extremely ignorant of the medical virtues of plants1 even of those of their own neighborhoods4 ,the employment of podophyllin and leptandrin as substitutes for mercurials has been so successful that they are now used by practitioners of all schools4 ,although claiming to have been founded upon liberal principles1 it may be questioned whether its adherents have not been quite as exclusive and dogmatic as those whom they have opposed4 ,it cannot be denied1 however1 that the eclectics have added many important remedies to the ,materia ,medica4 ,their writings are important and useful contributions to the physician's library4 ,,the ,,liberal ,,and ,,independent ,,physician4 ,after this brief review of the various medical sects1 the reader may be curious to learn to what sect the physicians of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute belong4 ,among them are to be found graduates from the colleges of all the different schools4 ,they are not restricted by the tenets of any one sect1 but claim the right and privilege1 nay1 consider it a duty1 to select from all1 such remedies as careful investigation1 scientific research1 and an extensive experience1 have proved valuable4 ,they resort to any and every agent which has been proved efficacious1 whether it be vegetable or mineral4 ,and here arises a distinction between sanative remedial agents and those which are noxious4 ,many practitioners deplore the use of poisons1 and advocate innocuous medicines which produce only curative results4 ,we agree with them in one proposition1 namely1 that improper medicines not only poison1 but frequently utterly destroy the health and body of the patient4 ,every physician should keep steadily in view the final effects1 as well as present relief1 and never employ any agent without regard to its ulterior consequences4 ,however1 an agent which is noxious in health1 may prove a valuable remedy in disease4 ,when morbid changes have taken place in the blood and tissues1 when a general diseased condition of the bodily organs has occurred1 then an agent1 which is poisonous in health1 may prove curative4 ,for instance it is admitted that alcohol is a poison2 that it prevents healthful assimilation1 solidifies pepsin1 begets a morbid appetite2 that it produces intoxication1 and that its habitual use destroys the body4 ,it is1 therefore1 neither a hygienic nor a sanative agent1 but strictly a noxious one2 yet1 its very distinct antiseptic properties render it valuable for remedial purposes1 since these qualities promptly arrest that fatal form of decomposition of the animal fluids which is occasioned by snake-venom1 which produces its deadly effects in the same manner as a drop of yeast ferments the largest mash4 ,alcohol checks this poisonous and deadly process and neutralizes its effects4 ,thus1 alcohol1 although a noxious agent1 possesses a special curative influence in a morbid state of the human system2 but its general remedial effects do not entitle it to the rank of a hygienic agent4 ,we believe that medicine is undergoing a gradual change from the darkness of the past1 with its ignorance1 superstition1 and barbarism1 to the light of a glorious future4 ,at each successive step in the path of progress1 medicine approaches one degree nearer the realm of an exact science4 ,the common object of the practitioners of all medical schools is the alleviation of human suffering4 ,the only difference between the schools is in the remedies employed1 the size of dose administered1 and the results attained4 ,these are insufficient grounds for bitter sectarianism4 ,we are all fellow laborers in the same field4 ,before us lies a boundless expanse for exploration4 ,there are new conditions of disease to be learned1 new remedies to be discovered1 and new properties of old ones to be examined4 ,we do not deplore the fact1 that there are different schools in medicine1 for this science has not reached perfection1 and they tend to stimulate investigation4 ,the remarks of ,herbert ,spencer on the ,multiplication of ,schemes of ,juvenile ,culture1 may be pertinently applied to the different schools in medicine with increased force4 ,he says3 ,it is clear that dissent in education results in facilitating inquiry by the division in labor4 ,were we in possession of the true method1 divergence from it would1 of course1 be prejudicial2 but the true method having to be found1 the efforts of numerous independent seekers carrying out their researches in different directions1 constitute a better agency for finding it than any that could be devised4 ,each of them struck by some new thought which probably contains more or less of basis in facts--each of them zealous on behalf of his plan1 fertile in expedients to test its correctness1 and untiring in its efforts to make known its success--each of them merciless in its criticism on the rest--there cannot fail1 by composition of forces1 to be a gradual approximation of all towards the right course4 ,whatever portion of the normal method any one of them has discovered1 must1 by the constant exhibition of its results1 force itself into adoption2 whatever wrong practices he has joined with it must1 by repeated experiment and failure1 be exploded4 ,and by this aggregation of truths and elimination of errors1 there must eventually be developed a correct and complete body of doctrine4 ,of the three phases through which human opinion passes--the unanimity of the ignorant1 the disagreement of the inquiring1 and the unanimity of the wise--it is manifest that the second is the parent of the third4 ,we believe the time is coming when those maladies which are now considered fatal will be readily cured--when disease will be disarmed of its terrors4 ,to be successful1 a physician must be independent1 free from all bigotry1 having no narrow prejudice against his fellow-men1 liberal1 accepting new truths from whatever source they come1 free from restrictions of societies1 and an earnest laborer in the interests of the ,great ,physician4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,remedies ,,for ,,disease4 ,it will be our aim1 throughout this book1 to prescribe such remedies as are within the easy reach of all1 and which may be safely employed4 ,many of those of the vegetable class are indigenous to this country1 and may be procured in their strength and purity1 at the proper season1 by those residing in the localities where they grow1 while all others advised may be obtained at any good drug-store4 ,we shall endeavor to recommend such as can be procured and prepared with the least trouble and expense to the patient1 when it is believed that they will be equally as efficacious as more expensive medicines4 ,,proprietary ,,medicines4 ,having the invalid's best interests in view1 it will often happen that we cannot prescribe better or cheaper remedies nor those which are more effective or easily obtained1 than some of our standard preparations1 which are sold by all druggists4 ,we are aware that there is a popular1 and not altogether unfounded prejudice against patent medicines1 owing to the small amount of merit which many of them possess4 ,the term ,patent ,medicine does not apply to ,dr4 ,pierce's remedies1 as no patent has ever been asked or obtained for them1 nor have they been urged upon the public as cure alls4 ,they are simply favorite prescriptions1 which1 in a very extensive practice1 have proved their superior remedial virtues in the cure of the diseases for which they are recommended4 ,from the time of ,hippocrates down to the present day1 physicians have classified diseases according to their causes1 character or symptoms4 ,it has been proved that diseases apparently different may often be cured by the same remedy4 ,the reason for this singular fact is obvious4 ,a single remedy may possess a variety of properties4 ,quinine1 among other properties has a tonic which suggests its use in cases of debility2 an antiperiodic1 which renders it efficient in ague2 and an anti-febrile property1 which renders it efficacious in cases of fever4 ,the result produced varies with the quantity given1 the time of its administration1 and the circumstances under which it is employed4 ,every practicing physician has his favorite remedies1 which he oftenest recommends or uses1 because he has the greatest confidence in their virtues4 ,the patient does not know their composition4 ,even prescriptions are usually written in a language unintelligible to anybody but the druggist4 ,as much secrecy is employed as in the preparation of proprietary medicines4 ,does the fact that an article is prepared by a process known only to the manufacturer render that article less valuable8 ,how many physicians know the elementary composition of the remedies which they employ1 some of which never have been analyzed8 ,few practitioners know how morphine1 quinine1 podophyllin1 leptandrin1 pepsin1 or chloroform1 are made1 or how nauseous drugs are transformed into palatable elixirs2 yet they do not hesitate to employ them4 ,is it not inconsistent to use a prescription the composition of which is unknown to us1 and discard another preparation simply because it is accompanied by a printed statement of its properties with directions for its use8 ,various journals in this country1 have at different times published absurd formulae purporting to be receipts for the preparation of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy and ,dr4 ,pierce's standard medicines1 which1 in most instances1 have not contained a single ingredient which enters into the composition of these celebrated remedies4 ,in the manufacture of any pharmaceutical preparation1 two conditions are essential to its perfection1 viz3 purity and strength of the materials1 and appropriate machinery4 ,the first is insured1 by purchasing the materials in large quantities1 whereby the exercise of greater care in selecting the ingredients can be afforded2 and the second can only be accomplished where the business is extensive enough to warrant a large outlay of capital in procuring proper chemical apparatus4 ,these facts apply with especial force to the manufacture of our medicines1 their quality having been vastly improved since the demand has become so great as to require their manufacture in very large quantities4 ,some persons1 while admitting that our medicines are good pharmaceutical compounds1 object to them on the ground that they are too often used with insufficient judgment4 ,we propose to obviate that difficulty by enlightening the people as to the structure and functions of their bodies1 the causes1 character1 and symptoms of disease1 and by indicating the proper and judicious employment of our medicines1 together with such auxiliary treatment as may be necessary4 ,such is one of the designs of this volume4 ,,properties ,,of ,,medicine4 ,it is generally conceded that the action of a remedy upon the human system depends upon properties peculiar to it4 ,the effects produced suggest the naming of these qualities1 which have been scientifically classified4 ,we shall name the diseases from their characteristic symptoms1 and then1 without commenting upon all the properties of a remedy1 recommend its employment4 ,our reference to the qualities of any remedy1 when we do make a particular allusion to them1 we shall endeavor to make as easy and familiar as possible4 ,,dose4 ,all persons are not equally susceptible to the influence of medicines4 ,as a rule1 women require smaller doses than men1 and children less than women4 ,infants are very susceptible to the effects of anodynes1 even out of all relative proportion to other kinds of medicines4 ,the circumstances and conditions of the system increase or diminish the effects of medicine1 so that an aperient at one time may act as a cathartic at another1 and a dose that will simply prove to be an anodyne when the patient is suffering great pain will act as a narcotic when he is not4 ,this explains why the same dose often affects individuals differently4 ,the following table is given to indicate the size of the dose1 and is graduated to the age4 ,,years ,,dose #ba4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4full #ae4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #b-c #ab4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-b #h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-c #f 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-d #d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-f #b 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-h #a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-ab 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a-bj to #a-cj ,the doses mentioned in the following pages are those for adults1 except when otherwise specified4 ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,medicines4 ,the remedies which we shall mention for domestic use are mostly vegetable4 ,infusions and decoctions of these will often be advised on account of the fact that they are more available than the tinctures1 fluid extracts1 and concentrated principles1 which we prefer1 and almost invariably employ in our practice4 ,most of these medical extracts are prepared in our chemical laboratory under the supervision of a careful and skilled pharmaceutist4 ,no one1 we presume1 would expect1 with only a dish of hot water and a stew-kettle1 to equal in pharmaceutical skill the learned chemist with all his ingeniously devised and costly apparatus for extracting the active1 remedial principles from medicinal plants4 ,yet infusions and decoctions are not without their value2 and from the inferior quality of many of the fluid extracts and other pharmaceutical preparations in the market1 it may be questioned whether the former are not frequently as valuable as the latter4 ,so unreliable are a majority of the fluid extracts1 tinctures1 and concentrated1 active principles found in the drug-stores1 that we long since found it necessary to have prepared in our laboratory1 most of those which we employ4 ,to the reliability of the preparations which we secure in this way we largely attribute our great success in the treatment of disease4 ,tinctures and fluid extracts are often prepared from old and worthless roots1 barks1 and herbs which have wholly lost their medicinal properties4 ,yet they are sold at just as high prices as those which are good4 ,we manufacture our tinctures1 fluid extracts1 and concentrated1 active principles from roots1 barks1 and herbs which are fresh1 and selected with the greatest care4 ,many of the crude roots1 barks1 and herbs found in the market are inactive because they have been gathered at the wrong season4 ,these1 together with those that have been kept on hand so long as to have lost all medicinal value1 are often sold in large quantities1 and at reduced prices1 to be manufactured into fluid extracts and tinctures4 ,of course1 the preparations made from such materials are worthless4 ,whenever the dose of fluid extracts1 tinctures1 and concentrated1 active principles1 is mentioned in this chapter1 the quantity advised is based upon our experience in the use of these preparations1 as they are made in our laboratory1 and the smallest quantity which will produce the desired effect is always given4 ,when using most of the preparations found in the drug-stores1 the doses have to be somewhat increased1 and even then they will not always produce the desired effect1 for reasons already given4 ,,the ,,list ,,of ,,medicines which we shall introduce in this chapter will be quite limited1 as we cannot hope1 by making it extensive1 that the non-professional reader would be able to prescribe with good judgment any other than the simpler remedies4 ,hence1 we prefer1 since we have not space in this volume to waste1 to mention only a few of the most common remedies under each head or classification4 ,,tinctures4 ,very uniform and reliable tinctures may be made of most indigenous plants1 by procuring the part to be employed1 at the proper season1 while it is green and fresh1 bruising it well1 and covering it with good strong whiskey1 or with alcohol diluted with one part of water to three of alcohol1 corking tightly1 and letting it stand about fourteen days1 when the tincture may be filtered or poured off from the drugs1 and will be ready for use4 ,prepared in this imperfect manner1 they rill be found to be much more reliable than any of the fluid extracts found in the drug-stores4 ,an excess of the crude drug should be used in preparing the tincture to insure a perfect saturation of the alcohol with its active principles4 ,,homoeopathic ,,tinctures4 ,the tinctures prepared by several of the ,german and ,french pharmaceutists1 and called by them ,mother ,tinctures1 to distinguish them from the dilutions made therefrom1 we have found to be very reliable1 so much superior to any similar preparations made in this country that we purchase from them all we use of ,pulsatilla1 ,staphisagria1 ,drosera and several others4 ,they are prepared with great care from the green1 crude material1 and although high in price1 when compared with other tinctures1 yet the greater certainty of action which we secure in our prescriptions by their employment more than repays for the expense and trouble in procuring them1 for of what account is expense to the true physician when life may depend upon the virtue of the agent he employs8 ,,infusions4 ,these are generally made by adding one-half ounce of the crude medicine to a pint of water1 which should be closely covered1 kept warm1 and used as directed4 ,flowers1 leaves1 barks1 and roots become impaired by age1 and it is necessary to increase or diminish the dose according to the strength of the article employed4 ,,decoctions4 ,the difference between a decoction and an infusion is1 that the plant or substance is boiled in the production of the former1 in order to obtain its soluble1 medicinal qualities4 ,cover the vessel containing the ingredients1 thus confining the vapor1 and shutting out the atmospheric air which sometimes impairs the active principles and their medicinal qualities4 ,the ordinary mode of preparing a decoction is to use one ounce of the plant1 root1 bark1 flower1 or substance to a pint of water4 ,the dose internally varies from a tablespoonful to one ounce4 ,,alteratives4 ,alteratives are a class of medicines which in some inexplicable manner1 gradually change certain morbid actions of the system1 and establish a healthy condition instead4 ,they stimulate the vital processes to renewed activity1 and arouse the excretory organs to remove matter which ought to be eliminated4 ,they facilitate the action of the secretory glands1 tone them up1 and give a new impulse to their operations1 so that they can more expeditiously rid the system of worn-out and effete materials4 ,in this way they alter1 correct1 and purify the fluids1 tone up the organs1 and re-establish their healthy functions4 ,alteratives may possess tonic1 laxative1 stimulant1 or diuretic properties all combined in one agent4 ,or we may combine several alteratives1 each having only one of these properties in one remedy4 ,we propose to enumerate only a few alteratives1 and give the doses which are usually prescribed2 the list which we employ in our practice is very extensive1 but it cannot be made available for domestic use4 ,,mandrake 7,podophyllum ,peltatum71 also called ,may-apple1 is a most valuable alterative4 ,the root is the part used4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one to two teaspoonfuls2 of tincture1 six to eight drops2 of fluid extract1 three to five drops2 of its active principle1 ,podophyllin1 one-twelfth to one-eighth of a grain4 ,,poke 7,phytolacca ,decandra71 also called ,skoke1 ,garget1 or ,pigeon-berry1 is a valuable alterative4 ,the root is the part used4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one to three teaspoonfuls2 of fluid extract1 three to ten drops2 of concentrated principle1 ,phytolaccin1 one-fourth to one grain4 ,,yellow ,,dock 7,rumex ,crispus71 ,the part used is the root4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one to three fluid ounces three times daily2 of fluid extract1 ten to thirty drops2 of tincture twenty to forty drops4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aac4 ,tag ,alder4 ,,tag ,,alder 7,alnus ,rubra71 ,this is otherwise known as the ,smooth1 ,common1 or ,swamp ,alder4 ,the bark is the part used4 ,it is excellent in scrofula1 syphilis1 cutaneous and all blood diseases4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one or two tablespoonfuls from three to five times daily2 of tincture1 one or two teaspoonfuls2 of fluid extract1 one-half to one teaspoonful2 of concentrated principle1 ,alnuin1 one-half to one grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aad4 ,black ,cohosh4 ,,black ,,cohosh 7,macrotys or ,cimicifuga ,racemosa7 ,the part used is the root4 ,its other common names are ,black ,snake-root1 or ,squaw-root4 ,black ,cohosh is an alterative stimulant1 nervine1 diaphoretic1 tonic1 and a cerebro-spinal stimulant4 ,it is a useful remedy4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one-fourth to one ounce2 of tincture1 ten to fifteen drops2 of fluid extract1 five to ten drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,macrotin1 one-eighth to one-half grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aae4 ,blood-root4 ,,blood-,,root 7,sanguinaria ,canadensis71 is also known as ,red ,puccoon4 ,the part used is the root4 ,in minute doses ,blood-root is a valuable alterative1 acting upon the biliary secretion and improving the circulation and digestion4 ,dose--,of powdered root1 one-fourth to one-half grain2 of tincture1 one to two drops2 of the fluid extract1 one-half to one drop4 ,when given in a fluid form it should be well diluted4 ,,burdock 7,arctium ,lappa74 ,the root is the part used4 ,burdock is a valuable alterative in diseases of the blood4 ,dose--,of tincture1 from one teaspoonful to a tablespoonful twenty minutes before meals2 of fluid extract1 one to two teaspoonfuls4 ,,blue ,,flag 7,iris ,versicolor74 ,the part used is the root4 ,dose--,of the tincture1 five to ten drops2 of fluid extract1 three to ten drops2 of concentrated principle1 ,iridin1 one-half to two grains4 ,,sweet ,,elder 7,sambucus ,canadensis74 ,sweet ,elder-flowers are a valuable alterative1 diuretic1 mucous and glandular stimulant1 excellent in eruptive1 cutaneous1 and scrofulous diseases of children4 ,an infusion1 fluid extract1 or syrup1 may be used in connection with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,both will be found valuable for cleansing the blood and stimulating the functions to a healthy condition4 ,dose--,of the infusion of the flowers1 from one-half to one ounce1 if freely taken1 will operate as a laxative2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful4 ,the flowers1 or inner bark of the root1 simmered in fresh butter1 make a good ointment for most cutaneous affections4 ,,iodine4 ,this agent1 in the several forms of ,iodide of ,potassium1 ,iodide of ,ammonium1 ,iodide of ,iron1 and ,iodide of ,lime1 is largely employed by physicians1 and often with most happy results4 ,but for domestic use we cannot advise its employment1 as it is liable to injure the invalid1 when its action is carried too far1 which is apt to be the case1 when not administered under the supervision of a competent physician4 ,,mercury4 ,the various preparations of mercury have a profound1 alterative effect upon the system4 ,when taken for some time1 they change the quality and composition of the blood2 cause a diminution in the number of red blood-corpuscles1 and an increase in the various effete materials4 ,in the vast majority of cases we prefer the vegetable alteratives1 but in rare instances they exert a beneficial influence1 in small doses4 ,none of the preparations of mercury should be taken internally without the advice of a skillful physician1 therefore1 we shall not give their doses4 ,,the ,,compounding ,,of ,,alteratives4 ,the efficacy of this class of remedies can be greatly increased by properly combining several of them into one compound4 ,this requires a knowledge of ,pharmaceutical ,chemistry2 i4e41 the preparation of compounds founded on the chemical relation and action of their several remedial1 active principles4 ,many practitioners make combinations of remedies which neutralize each other's influence1 instead of extending their efficacy and curative power4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery1 or ,alterative ,extract4 ,this compound is a highly nutritive and tonic preparation1 combining the remedial properties of the best vegetable alteratives at present known to the medical profession4 ,in perfecting this alterative compound1 and likewise other standard preparations of medicine1 we have made an outlay of many thousand dollars for chemical apparatus1 and special machinery by the aid of which these remedies have been brought to their present perfection4 ,great pains are taken to obtain the materials at the right season of the year1 properly cured so that none of their remedial qualities may be impaired4 ,we1 therefore1 can with great confidence recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery as one of the best preparations of the alterative class4 ,like all others of this type1 its action is insensible1 producing gradual changes1 arousing the excretory glands to remove morbid materials1 and at the same time toning the secretory organs4 ,the manufacture of this compound is under the special supervision of a competent chemist and pharmaceutist1 and it is now put up in bottles wrapped with full directions for its use4 ,we can confidently recommend this compound whenever an alterative is required to cleanse the blood1 tone the system1 increase its nutrition1 and establish a healthy condition4 ,for these reasons we shall often advise its employment4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,pleasant ,,purgative ,,pellets4 ,these pellets combine the pure1 concentrated1 active principles of several vegetable alteratives1 and the result is1 that within the small compass of a few grains he has most happily blended and chemically condensed these properties so that their action upon the ,,animal ,,economy is sanative and universal4 ,they awaken the latent powers1 quicken the tardy functions1 check morbid deposits1 dissolve hard concretions1 remove obstructions1 promote depuration1 harmonize and restore the functions1 equalize the circulation1 and encourage the action of the nervous system4 ,they stimulate the glands1 increase the peristaltic movement of the intestines1 tone the nutritive processes1 while aiding in evacuating the bowels4 ,all this they accomplish without corroding the tissues or vitiating the fluids4 ,their assistance is genial1 helping the system to expel worn out materials1 which would become noxious if retained4 ,having expended their remedial powers upon the various functions of the body1 they are themselves expelled along with other waste matter1 leaving behind them no traces of irritation4 ,this cannot be said of mercurials1 or of other harsh1 mineral alteratives4 ,these ,pellets may be safely employed when the system is feeble1 frail1 and delicate1 by giving them in less quantities4 ,dose--,as an alterative1 only one or two ,pellets should be taken daily4 ,,alkalies4 ,,alkalies4 ,these constitute an important list of remedial agents1 their administration being frequently indicated4 ,the employment of other medicines frequently should be preceded by the administration of an agent of this class1 to neutralize excessive acidity in the stomach and bowels4 ,unless this be done1 many medicines will fail to produce their specific effects4 ,,sulphite ,,of ,,soda 7,sod ,sulphis74 ,this salt1 as well as the ,hyposulphite of ,soda1 is not only generally preferable for administration on account of its unirritating character and the smallness of the dose required1 but also because it is a valuable antiseptic agent4 ,the ,sulphite should not be confounded with the ,sulphate of ,soda 7,glauber's ,salt74 ,dose--,this is from three to ten grains4 ,,saleratus 7,potass ,bicarbonas74 ,this is a favorite domestic antacid4 ,dose--,five to fifteen grains is the amount4 ,,acids4 ,as alkalies are important and often indicated as remedial agents1 acids1 so their re-agents1 acids1 are also frequently necessary to meet opposite conditions of the fluids of the system4 ,,hydrochloric ,,or ,,muriatic ,,acid4 ,this agent may be administered in doses of from five to ten drops1 largely diluted in water or gruel4 ,,aromatic ,,sulphuric ,,acid1 or ,elixir of ,vitriol1 is the most agreeable form of ,sulphuric ,acid for administration1 and may be given in doses of from five to fifteen drops1 largely diluted with water4 ,in taking acids1 they should be sucked through a straw1 and not allowed to come in contact with the teeth1 as otherwise the latter organs will be injured by their effects2 or should the acid come in contact with the teeth1 the mouth should be immediately rinsed with a solution of saleratus or soda1 to neutralize the acid4 ,,anodynes4 ,anodynes are those medicines which relieve pain by blunting the sensibility of the nerves1 or of the brain1 so that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation4 ,an anodyne may be a stimulant in one dose1 and a narcotic in a larger one4 ,the properties of different anodyne agents vary1 consequently they produce unlike effects4 ,the size of the dose required1 differs according to circumstances and condition4 ,an adult1 suffering acute pain1 requires a much larger dose to produce an anodyne effect than one who is a chronic sufferer4 ,an individual accustomed to the use of anodynes1 requires a much larger dose to procure relief than one who is not4 ,doses may be repeated1 until their characteristic effects are produced1 after an interval of thirty or forty minutes4 ,when the stomach is very sensitive and will not tolerate their internal administration1 one-sixth of a grain of ,morphia can be inserted beneath the skin1 by means of a hypodermic syringe4 ,relief is more quickly experienced1 and the anodyne effect is much more lasting than when taken into the stomach4 ,,opium 7,papaver ,somniferum74 ,opium is a stimulant1 anodyne1 or narcotic1 according to the size of the dose administered4 ,dose--,of the dry powder1 one-fourth to one grain2 of tincture 7,laudanum71 five to fifteen drops2 of camphorated tincture 7,paregoric71 one-half to one teaspoonful2 of ,morphine1 one-eighth to one-fourth grain2 of ,dover's ,powder three to five grains4 ,,hyoscyamus 7,hyoscyamus ,niger71 commonly known as ,henbane4 ,the herb is used4 ,it is a powerful narcotic1 and unlike ,opium1 does not constipate the bowels1 but possesses a laxative tendency4 ,therefore1 it may be employed as an anodyne for allaying pain1 calming the mind1 inducing sleep and arresting spasms1 when opiates are inadmissible4 ,dose--,of alcoholic extract1 one-half to two grains2 of fluid extract1 five to ten drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,hyoscyamin1 one-twelfth to one-fourth of a grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,poison ,hemlock4 ,,poison ,,hemlock 7,conium ,maculatum74 ,the leaves are the parts used4 ,poison ,parsley1 as it is sometimes called1 is an anodyne1 narcotic1 and an excellent alterative4 ,dose--,of fluid extract1 two to six drops2 of solid extract1 one-fourth to one-half grain4 ,,belladonna 7,atropa ,belladonna7 or ,deadly ,nightshade4 ,the herb or leaves are a valuable agent4 ,in overdoses1 it is an energetic1 narcotic poison4 ,in medicinal doses it is anodyne1 antispasmodic1 diaphoretic1 and diuretic4 ,it is excellent in neuralgia1 epilepsy1 mania1 amaurosis1 whooping-cough1 stricture1 rigidity of the os uteri1 and is supposed by some to be a prophylactic or preventive of ,scarlet ,fever4 ,its influence upon the nerve centers is remarkable4 ,it relaxes the blood vessels on the surface of the body and induces capillary congestion1 redness of the eye1 scarlet appearance of the face1 tongue1 and body4 ,dose--,of fluid extract1 one-half to one drop2 of tincture1 one to two drops2 of concentrated principle1 ,atropin1 one-thirtieth to one-sixteenth of a grain2 of the ,alkaloid1 ,atropia1 one-sixtieth of a grain4 ,even the most skillful chemists are very cautious in compounding these latter active principles1 and the danger of an overdose is great4 ,,camphor4 ,this drug is an anodyne1 stimulant1 and diaphoretic1 and1 in large doses1 a narcotic and an irritant4 ,it is an excellent stimulant for liniments4 ,dose--,of the powder1 one to five grains2 of the tincture1 ten to twenty drops1 given in simple syrup4 ,,hops 7,humulus ,lupulus74 ,this is an excellent remedy in wakefulness1 and may be used when opium is contra-indicated4 ,a bag of the leaves1 moistened with whiskey and placed as a pillow under the head1 acts as an anodyne4 ,dose--,of the infusion of the leaves1 from one to four ounces2 of the fluid extract1 one-fourth to three-fourths of a teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,humulin1 one to three grains4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed4 ,this anodyne compound is made by uniting several of the most valuable agents of this class1 and its medicinal qualities are rendered still more efficacious by the addition of certain stimulating articles4 ,it is free from narcotic properties which are liable to produce deleterious results1 and has been found to be not only harmless in its action1 but very genial and effectual withal1 and most reliable as a stimulant and diaphoretic remedy4 ,,anthelmintics4 ,anthelmintic means against a worm1 and is a term employed to designate those medicines which destroy or expel worms4 ,it means the same as ,vermifuge4 ,little is understood concerning the origin of worms4 ,there are five distinct varieties described by authors as being more common than others4 ,there is the long worm1 the short1 or pin-worm1 the thread-worm1 the tape-worm1 and the broad tape-worm peculiar to some countries of ,europe4 ,irritation of the alimentary canal1 from whatever cause usually produces an abundant secretion of mucus1 which is thought to be a condition favorable for their production4 ,therefore1 those medicines which remove the cause of this irritation tend to diminish the number1 if not to entirely destroy the worms4 ,some medicines kill the worms1 others expel them alive4 ,the remedies which successfully remove one kind of worm1 have little effect upon another1 and to meet these different conditions1 we have a variety of worm-destroying medicines4 ,the pin-worm1 inhabits the rectum1 and may be destroyed by injecting into it a strong solution of salt1 or decoction of aloes1 and when it is allowed to pass away1 the rectum should be anointed with vaseline1 butter1 or lard4 ,the eggs of this worm are developed around the orifice of the large intestine1 and when this latter precaution is not practiced every time there is a passage from the bowels1 they will multiply as rapidly as they can be destroyed4 ,generally1 vermifuge remedies should be taken when the stomach is empty1 and should be followed by the administration of a cathartic in two hours after the last dose is administered4 ,,santonin4 ,this is decidedly the most reliable anthelmintic known to the medical profession4 ,it is deservedly a popular remedy for worms1 and when combined with ,podophyllin1 is very efficacious in removing the pin-worm4 ,dose--,for an adult1 two to three grains of the powdered ,santonin1 repeated every three hours until four or five doses are taken1 when it should be followed by a cathartic4 ,,sage 7,salvia ,officinalis74 ,sage is a common and excellent domestic remedy for worms4 ,make an infusion of ,sage and ,senna leaves1 and drink freely until it acts as a cathartic4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aag4 ,pink ,root4 ,,pink-,,root 7,spigelia ,marilandica74 ,pink-root is one of the most active and certain anthelmintics for children4 ,it is indigenous to the ,united ,states4 ,when taken in too large quantities1 it is apt to purge1 give rise to vertigo1 dimness of vision1 and even to convulsions2 therefore1 it should be combined with some cathartic4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one ounce at night1 followed by physic in the morning4 ,,common ,,salt 7,chloride of ,sodium74 ,common table salt is an anthelmintic1 and may be used in an emergency4 ,salt water is a very common domestic remedy for worms4 ,dose--,in solution1 one-quarter to one-half teaspoonful4 ,,balmony 7,chelone ,glabra74 ,this is also tonic and anthelmintic1 and is valuable in debility1 dyspepsia1 jaundice1 and hepatic affections4 ,it also is known as ,snake-head4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one to two ounces2 of the concentrated principle1 ,chelonin1 from half to one grain4 ,,male ,,fern 7,aspidium ,filix ,mas74 ,male ,fern is the anthelmintic which is considered especially effectual in removing the tape-worm4 ,dose--,of the powder1 one to two drachms1 given morning and evening in syrup1 followed by a brisk cathartic4 ,the dose of the tincture of the buds in ether is from eight to thirty drops4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aah4 ,aspen4 ,,poplar 7,populus ,tremuloides74 ,the ,white or ,aspen ,poplar is a common tree1 and contains active principles termed ,populin and ,salicin1 both of which are tonic4 ,an infusion of the bark is a remedy for worms4 ,dose--,of the tea made from the bark1 one to four ounces2 of ,populin1 from one-half to two grains4 ,,antiperiodics4 ,it is well understood that malarial diseases are characterized by a periodicity which indicates their nature4 ,antiperiodics prevent the recurrence of the periodic manifestations1 and hence their name4 ,,quinine 7,sulphate of ,quinia74 ,quinine is a tonic1 febrifuge1 and antiperiodic4 ,it should generally be administered during the intervals between the febrile paroxysms4 ,it is beneficial also in all diseases accompanied by debility4 ,the dose varies from one to six grains according to indications4 ,frequently it is given in much larger quantities1 but we cannot advise such for domestic use4 ,,prussian ,,blue 7,ferri ,ferrocyanidum74 ,ferrocyanide of ,iron is an excellent tonic and antiperiodic remedy1 and often is combined with quinine4 ,dose--,from two to five grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aai4 ,boneset4 ,,boneset 7,eupatorium ,perfoliatum71 or ,thoroughwort4 ,this is tonic1 diaphoretic1 aperient1 and possesses some antiperiodic properties2 the warm infusion is emetic4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one to four ounces2 of the fluid extract1 from half to one teaspoonful2 of the active principle1 ,eupatorin1 one to three grains4 ,,the ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery has gained an enviable reputation in malarial districts for the cure of ague4 ,from observing its action in the cure of this and other miasmatic diseases1 and knowing its composition1 we are thoroughly satisfied that it contains chemical properties which neutralize and destroy the miasmatic or ague poison which is in the system1 and1 at the same time1 produces a rapid excretion of the neutralized poisons4 ,one strong proof of this is found in the fact that persons who are cured with it are not so liable to relapse as those in whom the chills are broken with ,quinine or other agents4 ,no bad effects are experienced after an attack of ague which has been cured with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,this cannot be said of ,quinine1 ,peruvian ,bark1 ,arsenic1 and ,mercurials1 which comprise nearly the whole list of remedies usually resorted to by physicians for arresting ague4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery not only has the merit of being a certain antidote for miasmatic diseases1 but is pleasant to the taste1 a matter of no small importance1 especially when administered to children4 ,to break the chills1 this medicine should be taken in doses of four teaspoonfuls three times a day1 and if this treatment pursued for three days1 does not entirely arrest the chills1 these doses may be repeated in alternation with five-grain doses of quinine for the three succeeding days4 ,but in no case should more than this amount of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery be given4 ,,antiseptics ,,and ,,disinfectants4 ,antiseptics prevent1 while disinfectants arrest putrefaction4 ,oxygen is a natural disinfectant1 but a powerful inciter of change4 ,although this element is the cause of animal and vegetable decay1 yet oxidation is the grand process by which the earth1 air1 and sea are purified4 ,a few substances are both antiseptic and disinfectant4 ,heat up to a temperature of #adj ,fahr4 promotes putrescence1 but above that point1 is a drier or disorganizer1 and destroys the source of infection4 ,,yeast 7,cerevisi ,fermentum74 ,yeast is an antiseptic1 and is effective in all diseases in which there is threatened putridity4 ,used externally1 it is often combined with elm bark and charcoal1 and applied to ulcers1 in which there is a tendency to gangrene4 ,dose--,one tablespoonful in wine or porter1 once in two or three hours4 ,,creasote4 ,this is a powerful antiseptic4 ,it is used in a solution of glycerine1 oil1 water1 or syrup4 ,dose--,one to two drops1 largely diluted4 ,,carbolic ,,acid is a crystalline substance resembling creasote in its properties4 ,it is an antiseptic1 and is used both internally and externally4 ,dose--,one-fourth to one-half drop of the melted crystals1 very largely diluted4 ,externally1 in solution1 one to five grains of the crystals to one ounce of the solvent4 ,,white ,,vitriol 7,zinci ,sulphas74 ,white vitriol is a valuable disinfectant1 as it will arrest mortification4 ,in solution it is employed in ulcers and cancers and also as a gargle in putrid sore throat4 ,dose--,one-half to two grains in a pill2 in solution1 one to ten grains in an ounce of water4 ,,permanganate ,,of ,,potash 7,potass ,permanganas74 ,this substance is an energetic deodorizer and disinfectant4 ,a solution containing from one to twenty grains in an ounce of water is used as a lotion for foul ulcers4 ,dose--,one-eighth to one-fourth of a grain4 ,,wild ,,indigo 7,baptisia ,tinctoria74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this plant possesses valuable antiseptic properties4 ,it is an excellent lotion for ill-conditioned ulcers1 malignant sore throat1 nursing sore-mouth1 syphilitic ophthalmia1 etc4 ,it is sometimes administered in scarlet and typhus fevers1 and in all diseases in which there is a tendency to putrescence4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one-fourth to one-half ounce2 of the fluid extract1 from three to ten drops1 and of the concentrated1 active principle of the plant1 ,baptisin1 from one to two grains4 ,,antispasmodics4 ,antispasmodics are a class of remedies which relieve cramps1 convulsions1 and spasms1 and are closely allied to nervines4 ,indeed some authors class them together4 ,the following are a few of the most important antispasmodics3 ,,assafetida 7,assafetida ,ferula74 ,this is a powerful antispasmodic4 ,it is employed in hysteria1 hypochondria1 convulsions1 and spasms1 when unaccompanied by inflammation4 ,dose--,of the gum or powder1 from three to ten grains1 usually administered in the form of a pill2 of the tincture1 from one-half to one teaspoonful4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abj4 ,yellow ,jessamine4 ,,yellow ,,jessamine 7,gelseminum ,sempervirens74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this is a valuable remedy in various diseases when associated with restlessness and a determination of the blood to the brain2 also in the neuralgia4 ,dose--,of the fluid extract1 three to eight drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,gelsemin1 one-fourth to one grain4 ,the use of this drug by non-professional persons should be attended with great caution4 ,,valerian 7,valeriana ,officinalis74 ,the root is the part used4 ,valerian is an effective remedy in cases of nervousness and restlessness4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 7one-half ounce to a pint of water7 one-half ounce2 of the tincture1 one-half to two tablespoonfuls2 of the ammoniated tincture of valerian1 from one-half to two teaspoonfuls in sweetened water or milk2 of the valerianate of ammonia1 one-half to three grains4 ,,yellow ,,lady',s ,,slipper 7,cypripedium ,pubescens74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this is a useful remedy in hysteria1 chorea1 and all cases of irritability4 ,dose--,of the powder1 fifteen to thirty grains2 of the infusion1 one ounce2 of the fluid extract1 fifteen to thirty drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,cypripedin1 one-half to two grains4 ,,wild ,,yam 7,dioscorea ,villosa74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this is a powerful antispasmodic1 and has been successfully used in bilious colic1 nausea1 and spasm of the bowels4 ,dose--,of the infusion 7two ounces to a pint of water71 one to two ounces2 of the fluid extract1 five to fifteen drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,dioscorein1 one-half to one grain4 ,,high ,,cranberry 7,viburnum ,opulus47 ,the bark is the part used4 ,it is also known as ,cramp ,bark4 ,this is a powerful antispasmodic1 and is effective in relaxing spasms of all kinds4 ,it is a valuable agent in threatened abortion4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one-half to one ounce2 of the fluid extract1 one-half to one teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,viburnin1 one-half to two grains4 ,these doses may be increased if necessary4 ,,astringents4 ,astringents are medicines which condense and coagulate the tissues1 thereby arresting discharges4 ,when taken into the mouth1 they produce the sensation known as puckering4 ,they are used internally and locally4 ,the term styptic is used as a synonym of astringent1 but is generally employed to designate those astringents which arrest hemorrhage1 or bleeding4 ,,logwood 7,hmatoxylon ,campechianum74 ,logwood is a mild astringent1 well adapted to remedy the relaxed condition of the bowels after cholera infantum4 ,dose--,of powdered extract1 five to ten grains2 of the decoction1 one ounce2 of the fluid extract1 fifteen to thirty drops4 ,,blackberry ,,root 7,rubus ,villosus74 ,this astringent is a favorite1 domestic remedy in affections of the bowels4 ,dose--,of the infusion 7bruised root71 one-half to one ounce1 sweetened4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aba4 ,witch-hazel4 ,,witch-,,hazel 7,hamamelis ,virginica74 ,the parts used are the leaves and bark4 ,this is a most valuable astringent and exerts a specific action upon the nervous system4 ,it arrests many forms of uterine hemorrhage with great promptness1 is a valuable agent in the treatment of piles1 and is useful in many forms of chronic throat and bronchial affections4 ,dose-,of the infusion1 one-fourth to one-half ounce2 of the fluid extract1 eight to fifteen grains2 of the concentrated principle1 ,hamamelin1 one fourth to one grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abb4 ,cranesbill4 ,,cranesbill 7,geranium ,maculatum74 ,the root is used4 ,this plant is also known as ,crow-foot1 and ,spotted ,geranium4 ,it is a pleasant1 but powerful astringent4 ,dose--,of the fluid extract1 ten to thirty drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,geranin1 one to two grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abc4 ,bugle-weed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abd4 ,hardhack4 ,,hardhack 7,spirea ,tomentosa71 ,spirea1 or ,meadow ,sweet4 ,the stem and leaves are used4 ,it is a tonic and an astringent1 and is used in diarrhea and cholera-infantum4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one-half to one ounce2 of the fluid extract1 three to six drops4 ,,bugle-,,weed 7,lycopus ,virginicus74 ,this is variously known as ,water-hoarhound and ,water-bugle4 ,it is sedative and tonic1 as well as astringent1 and is employed in hemorrhages and in incipient phthisis4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one to two ounces2 of the fluid extract1 fifteen to twenty-five drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,lycopin1 one-half to one grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abe4 ,canada ,fleabane4 ,,canada ,,fleabane 7,erigeron ,canadense74 ,the leaves and flowers are used4 ,this plant1 sometimes known as ,colt's-tail1 ,pride-weed1 or ,butter-weed1 is astringent1 and has been efficiently employed in uterine hemorrhages4 ,dose--,of the infusion 7two ounces of the herb to one pint of water71 one to two ounces2 of the oil1 five to ten drops on sugar1 repeated at intervals of from one to four hours4 ,,catechu 7,acacia ,catechu74 ,a tincture of this plant is a pure1 powerful astringent1 and is especially useful in chronic diarrhea1 chronic catarrh1 and chronic dysentery4 ,dose--,of the powder1 five to twenty grains2 of the tincture1 one-half to two teaspoonfuls4 ,,tannin 7,acidum1 ,tannicum74 ,this acid has a wide range of application4 ,it is used as an astringent4 ,dose--,one to five grains4 ,,gallic ,,acid 7,acidum ,gallicum74 ,this remedy is used chiefly in hemorrhages4 ,dose--,three to five grains4 ,in severe hemorrhages1 this quantity should be administered every half hour1 until the bleeding is checked4 ,,carminatives4 ,carminatives are medicines which allay intestinal pain1 arrest or prevent griping caused by cathartics and exert a general soothing effect4 ,they are aromatic1 and to a certain extent1 stimulant4 ,,anise-,,seed 7,pimpinella ,anisum74 ,anise is a pleasant1 aromatic carminative1 and is used in flatulent colic4 ,dose--,of the powdered seed1 ten to fifteen grains2 of the infusion 7a teaspoonful of seed to a gill of water71 sweetened1 may be given freely2 of the oil1 five to ten drops on sugar4 ,,fennel-,,seed 7,anethum ,foeniculum74 ,this is one of our most grateful aromatics1 and is sometimes employed to modify the action of senna and rhubarb4 ,dose--,same as that of anise-seed4 ,,ginger 7,zingiber ,officinale74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this is a grateful stimulant and carminative4 ,dose--,of the powder1 ten to twenty grains2 of the infusion1 one teaspoonful in a gill of water2 of the tincture1 twenty to thirty drops2 of the essence1 ten to fifteen drops2 of the syrup1 one teaspoonful4 ,,wintergreen 7,gaultheria ,procumbens74 ,the leaves are used4 ,this plant possesses stimulant1 aromatic1 and astringent properties4 ,the essence of ,wintergreen is carminative1 and is used in colics4 ,dose--,of the essence1 one-half to one teaspoonful in sweetened water2 of the oil1 three to five drops on sugar4 ,,peppermint 7,mentha ,piperita74 ,peppermint is a powerful stimulant1 carminative1 and antispasmodic4 ,it is used in the treatment of spasms1 colic1 and hysteria4 ,dose--,the infusion may be used freely4 ,the essence may be taken in doses of fifteen to thirty drops in sweetened warm water2 of the oil1 one to five drops on sugar4 ,,spearmint 7,mentha ,viridis74 ,the carminative properties of spearmint are inferior to those of peppermint1 and its chief employment is for its diuretic and febrifuge virtues4 ,dose--,same as that of peppermint4 ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-weed is a valuable carminative and aromatic stimulant1 and has been employed with marked success in all diseases in which this class of remedies is required4 ,,cathartics4 ,cathartics1 or ,purgatives are medicines which act upon the bowels and increase the secretions and evacuations4 ,in many parts of the country1 these agents are known as purges1 or physics4 ,they have been variously divided and subdivided1 usually with reference to the energy of their operations or the character of the evacuations produced4 ,laxatives1 or ,aperients1 are mild cathartics4 ,purgatives act with more energy and produce several discharges which are of a more liquid character and more copious than the former4 ,drastics are those cathartics which produce numerous evacuations accompanied by more or less intestinal irritation4 ,hydragogues are those purgatives which produce copious1 watery discharges4 ,cholagogues are those purgatives which act upon the liver1 stimulating its functions4 ,cathartics constitute a class of remedies which are almost universally employed by families and physicians4 ,,jalap 7,ipomoea ,jalapa74 ,the root is used4 ,it is a drastic and a hydragogue cathartic4 ,formerly it was combined with equal parts of calomel4 ,from this fact it received the name of ten and ten4 ,dose--,of the powder1 five to twenty grains2 of the fluid extract1 ten to fifteen drops2 of the solid extract1 two to four grains2 of the concentrated principle1 ,jalapin1 one-half to two grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abf4 ,culver's-root4 ,,gamboge 7,gambogia74 ,the gum is used4 ,gamboge is a powerful drastic1 hydragogue cathartic1 which is apt to produce nausea and vomiting4 ,it is employed in dropsy4 ,it should never be given alone1 but combined with milder cathartics4 ,it accelerates their action while they moderate its violence4 ,dose--,of the powder1 one-half to two grains4 ,this substance combined with aloes and sometimes with scammony1 constitutes the basis of the numerous varieties of large1 cathartic pills found in the market4 ,,culver',s-,,root4 7,leptandra ,virginica74 ,the root is used4 ,this plant1 known under the various names of ,culver's ,physic1 ,black-root1 ,tall ,speedwell1 and ,indian ,physic1 is a certain cholagogue1 laxative1 and cathartic4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one to two fluid ounces2 of fluid extract1 ten to twenty drops2 of tincture1 twenty to thirty drops2 of the concentrated1 active principle1 ,leptandrin1 which is but feebly cathartic1 as a laxative1 two to five grains4 ,,rhubarb 7,rheum ,palmatum74 ,this is much used as a domestic remedy1 and by the profession1 for its laxative1 tonic1 and astringent effects4 ,it is employed in bowel complaints4 ,dose--,of the powder1 ten to thirty grains2 of the tincture1 one-half to two teaspoonfuls2 of the fluid extract1 ten to thirty drops2 of the solid extract1 three to five grains2 of the syrup1 and aromatic syrup1 an excellent remedy for children1 one-half to one teaspoonful4 ,,cascara ,,sagrada 7,rhamnus ,purshiana71 is a very efficient remedy in chronic constipation4 ,dose--,of the fluid extract1 from ten to twenty drops taken in a tablespoonful of water4 ,the unpleasant taste may be disguised with the extract of liquorice4 ,,castor ,,oil 7,oleum ,ricini74 ,dose--,from one to four teaspoonfuls4 ,it may be disguised by rubbing it with an equal quantity of glycerine and adding one or two drops of oil of anise1 cinnamon1 or wintergreen4 ,,butternut 7,juglans ,cinerea74 ,the bark is the part used4 ,butternut is a mild cathartic1 which resembles rhubarb in its property of evacuating the bowels without irritating the alimentary canal4 ,dose--,of the extract1 as a cathartic1 five to ten grains2 of the fluid extract1 one-half to one teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,juglandin1 one to three grains4 ,as a laxative1 one-half of these quantities is sufficient4 ,,aloes 7,aloe7 ,the gum is used4 ,this cathartic acts upon the lower part of the bowels and sometimes causes piles2 though some late authors claim that in small doses it is a valuable remedy for piles4 ,dose--,in powder or pill1 three to ten grains2 as a laxative1 one to three grains4 ,,epsom ,,salts 7,magnesia ,sulphas74 ,its common name is ,salts4 ,much used in domestic practice4 ,dose--,one-fourth to one-half ounce4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,pleasant ,,pellets1 being entirely vegetable in their composition1 operate without disturbance to the system1 diet1 or occupation4 ,put up in glass vials4 ,always fresh and reliable4 ,as a laxative1 alterative1 or gently acting but searching cathartic1 these little ,pellets give the most perfect satisfaction4 ,sick ,headache1 ,bilious ,headache1 ,dizziness1 ,constipation1 ,indigestion1 ,bilious ,attacks1 and all derangements of the stomach and bowels1 are promptly relieved and permanently cured by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,in explanation of the remedial power of these ,pellets over so great a variety of diseases1 it may truthfully be said that their action upon the system is universal1 not a gland or tissue escaping their sanative influence4 ,everybody1 now and then1 needs a gentle laxative to assist nature a little2 or1 a more searching and cleansing1 yet gentle cathartic1 to remove offending matter from the stomach and bowels and tone up and invigorate the liver and quicken its tardy action4 ,thereby the ,pleasant ,pellets cure biliousness1 sick and bilious headache1 costiveness1 or constipation of the bowels1 sour stomach1 windy belchings1 heart-burn1 pain and distress after eating1 and kindred derangements of the liver1 stomach and bowels4 ,persons subject to any of these troubles should never be without a vial of the ,pleasant ,pellets at hand4 ,in proof of their superior excellence it can be truthfully said that they are always adopted as a household remedy after the first trial4 ,the ,pleasant ,pellets are far more effective in arousing the liver to action than blue pills1 the old-fashioned compound cathartic pills1 calomel or other mercurial preparations1 and have the further merit of being purely vegetable in their composition and perfectly harmless in any condition of the system4 ,furthermore1 no particular care is required while using them4 ,being composed of the choicest1 concentrated vegetable extracts1 their cost of production is much more than that of most pills found in the market1 yet from forty to forty-four of them are put up in each glass vial1 as sold through druggists1 and can be had at the price of the more ordinary and cheaper made pills4 ,once used1 they are always in favor4 ,their secondary effect is to keep the bowels open and regular1 not to further constipate1 as is the case with other pills4 ,hence1 their great popularity with sufferers from habitual constipation1 piles and their attendant discomfort and manifold derangements4 ,for all laxative and cathartic purposes the ,pleasant ,pellets are infinitely superior to all mineral waters1 sediltz powders1 salts1 castor oil1 fruit syrups 7so-called71 laxative teas1 and the many other purgative compounds sold in various forms4 ,if people generally1 would pay more attention to properly regulating the action of their bowels1 they would have less frequent occasion to call for their doctor's services to subdue attacks of dangerous diseases4 ,hence it is of great importance to know what safe1 harmless agent best serves the purpose of producing the desired action4 ,,directions ,,for ,,using ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,pleasant ,,pellets4 ,in all cases1 the size of dose to be taken must be regulated somewhat by the known susceptibility of the individual to the action of laxative and cathartic medicines4 ,some persons' bowels are readily acted upon by small doses1 while others require more4 ,as a general rule1 the smaller doses which we recommend1 are quite sufficient1 and produce the best results if persisted in for a reasonable length of time4 ,,for ,a ,,gentle ,,aperient1 ,,or ,,laxative1 take one or not more than two and preferably in the morning1 on an empty stomach4 ,,for ,a ,,gentle ,,cathartic1 two or three are generally sufficient1 if taken in the morning1 on an empty stomach4 ,,for ,a ,,very ,,active1 ,,searching ,,cathartic1 four to six may be taken in the morning1 on an empty stomach4 ,,for ,a ,,child ,,of ,,two ,,to ,,four ,,years1 one-half of a ,pellet given in a little sauce of some kind1 or soft candy1 will be sufficient for a laxative1 or one for a mild cathartic4 ,,for ,a ,,child ,,of ,,four ,,to ,,eight ,,years1 one for a laxative or two for a cathartic will act nicely1 if given on an empty stomach4 ,,as ,a ,,dinner ,,pill4--,to promote digestion and increase the appetite1 take only one ,pellet each day after dinner4 ,to overcome the disagreeable effects of a too hearty meal1 take two ,pellets as soon as conscious of having overloaded the stomach4 ,,in ,,all ,,chronic ,,diseases1 it is of the utmost importance that the bowels be kept regular1 yet thorough purgation should be avoided1 as it tends to debilitate the system4 ,small laxative doses of one or at most two ,pellets1 taken daily and continued for a long time1 is the plan that we would recommend to produce the best results4 ,,in ,,dropsy1 an occasional active cathartic dose of the ,pellets of say #d to #f1 taken once in a week or ten days1 will do good1 if1 in the interval between these doses1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery be taken to invigorate and regulate the system4 ,,to ,,break ,,up ,,sudden ,,attacks ,,of ,,colds1 ,,fevers1 ,,and ,,inflammations4--,it is only in these sudden and severe attacks of acute diseases that we recommend the ,pellets to be taken in active purgative doses1 and in these cases only one large or cathartic dose of say #e or #f ,pellets should be taken4 ,in colds1 fevers1 and inflammatory attacks1 warm sweating teas should be taken freely1 and hot foot baths1 or a hot general bath1 employed to assist in equalizing the circulation of the blood and restoring the equilibrium of the system4 ,,suppressed ,,menstruation4--,this combined treatment of an active dose of ,pellets1 coupled with the use of a hot bath1 foot bath1 or1 better still1 a hot sitz-bath1 will bring on menstruation1 when suppressed from taking cold4 ,in the latter case the effect will be insured if1 in addition to the use of the ,pellets and baths1 a full dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-,weed1 or ,water ,pepper1 be also used4 ,,caustics4 ,caustics are substances which have the power of destroying or disorganizing animal structures4 ,by their action they destroy the tissue to which they are applied1 and form a crust1 which is thrown off by a separation from the parts beneath4 ,their caustic property may be destroyed by dilution with other substances1 to such an extent that they will only irritate or stimulate1 and not destroy4 ,much care is necessary in their employment1 and it is not expected that the unprofessional reader will have much to do with them2 hence1 we have deemed it best not to give a list of these agents4 ,,counter-,,irritants4 ,counter-irritants are substances which produce irritation of the part to which they are applied1 varying in degree from a slight redness to a blister or pustule4 ,they are applied to the surface with a view of producing an irritation to relieve irritation or inflammation in some other or deeper seated part4 ,they are a class of agents which we very seldom employ1 and1 hence1 we shall notice only a couple of the most simple4 ,,mustard 7,sinapis74 ,the flour of mustard1 which is best adapted for domestic use1 is employed in the form of a paste spread on cloth4 ,it takes effect in a few moments2 the length of time it remains in contact with the skin and the strength of the mustard determine the effect produced4 ,,horse-,,radish 7,cochlearia ,armoracia74 ,the leaves are the parts used4 ,let them wilt and bind them on the part affected4 ,they act nearly as energetically as mustard4 ,,diaphoretics4 ,diaphoretics are medicines which increase perspiration4 ,those which occasion profuse sweating are termed ,sudorifics4 ,the two terms indicate different degrees of the same operation4 ,they constitute an important element in domestic practice1 on account of the salutary effects which generally follow their action4 ,their operation is favored by warmth externally1 and warm drinks1 when they are not given in hot infusion4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abg4 ,pleurisy-root4 ,,pleurisy-,,root 7,asclepias ,tuberosa71 is also known as ,white-root1 and ,butterfly-weed4 ,it is a valuable remedy1 well adapted to break up inflammations and disease of the chest4 ,dose--,of infusion1 one to two ounces2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,asclepin1 one to three grains4 ,,saffron 7,crocus ,sativus74 ,golden ,saffron4 ,dose--,of infusion 7one drachm to a pint of water71 one to two ounces4 ,sage 7,salvia ,officinalis74 ,the warm infusion drunk freely is a valuable1 domestic diaphoretic4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abh4 ,virginia ,snake-root4 ,,virginia ,,snake-,,root 7,aristolochia ,serpentaria71 is an efficient agent4 ,dose--,of infusion1 one to two ounces2 of tincture1 one-fourth to one teaspoonful2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful4 ,,jaborandi 7,pilocarpus ,pinnatus74 ,jaborandi increases the flow of saliva1 causes profuse perspiration1 and lowers the temperature of the body4 ,in doses of from twenty to sixty drops of the fluid extract1 administered in a cup of warm water or herb-tea on going to bed1 we have found it very effectual for breaking up recent colds4 ,we have also found it valuable in whooping-cough1 in doses of from three to ten drops1 according to the age of the child1 given three or four times a day4 ,the fluid extract may be obtained at almost any drug-store4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #abi4 ,may-flower4 ,,may-,,weed 7,maruta ,cotula71 is also known as ,wild ,chamomile1 and ,dog-fennel4 ,it is not much used1 though it is a powerful diaphoretic4 ,dose--,of infusion1 one to two ounces4 ,,catnip 7,nepeta ,cataria74 ,a deservedly popular1 domestic remedy1 always acceptable1 and certain in its action4 ,the warm infusion is the best form for its administration4 ,it may be drunk freely4 ,,ginger 7,zingiber ,officinale74 ,the hot infusion may be sweetened and drunk as freely as the stomach will bear4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed4 ,this is unsurpassed as a diaphoretic agent1 and is much more certain in its operation than any simple diaphoretic4 ,,diluents4 ,any fluid which thins the blood or holds medicine in solution is called a diluent4 ,pure water is the principal agent of this class4 ,it constitutes about four-fifths of the weight of the blood1 and is the most abundant constituent of the bodily tissues4 ,water is necessary1 not only for digestion1 nutrition1 and all functional processes of life1 but it is indispensable as a menstruum for medicinal substances4 ,it is a necessary agent in depuration1 or the process of purifying the animal economy1 for it dissolves and holds in solution deleterious matter1 which in this state may be expelled from the body4 ,in fevers1 water is necessary to quench the thirst1 promote absorption1 and incite the skin and kidneys to action4 ,its temperature may be varied according to requirements4 ,diluents are the vehicles for introducing medicine into the system4 ,we shall briefly mention some which prove to be very grateful to the sick4 ,,various ,,vegetable ,,acids ,,and ,,jellies may be dissolved in water1 as apple1 currant1 quince1 grape1 or cranberry4 ,,the ,,juice ,,of ,,lemons1 ,,oranges1 ,,pine-,,apples1 ,,and ,,tamarinds1 is also found to be refreshing to fever patients4 ,,sassafras-,,pith1 ,,slippery-,,elm ,,bark1 ,,flax-,,seed1 ,,and ,,gum ,,arabic make good mucilaginous drinks for soothing irritation of the bowels and other parts4 ,,brewers' ,,yeast mixed with water in the proportion of from one-eighth to one-fourth is a stimulant and antiseptic4 ,,the ,,white ,,ashes ,,of ,,hickory ,,or ,,maple ,,wood dissolved in water make an excellent alkaline drink in fevers1 or whenever the system seems surcharged with acidity4 ,,diuretics4 ,diuretics are medicines which1 by their action on the kidneys1 increase the flow of urine4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acj4 ,marsh-mallow4 ,,marsh-,,mallow 7,althea ,officinalis7 is used in irritable conditions of the urinary organs4 ,the infusion may be drunk freely4 ,,gravel-,,plant 7,epigea ,repens71 is also known as ,water-pink1 ,trailing-arbutus1 or ,gravel-root4 ,dose--,of decoction of the plant1 one to three ounces2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aca4 ,stone-root4 ,,stone-,,root 7,collinsonia ,canadensis71 is also known as ,knot-root1 ,horse-balm1 ,rich-weed1 or ,ox-balm4 ,this is a mild diuretic1 slow in action1 yet effective in allaying irritation of the ,,foxglove 7,digitalis purpurea7 slows the action of the heart1 lowers the temperature1 and acts indirectly as a diuretic4 ,it is especially valuable in the treatment of scarlet fever and in dropsy4 ,dose--,of infusion1 one-half drachm to one-half ounce2 of the fluid extract or strong tincture1 from two to ten drops4 ,it should be used with caution4 ,a poultice made of the leaves and placed over the kidneys is an effectual method of employing the drug4 ,,queen ,,of ,,the ,,meadow 7,eupatorium ,purpureum71 is also known as ,gravel-weed1 ,gravel-root1 or ,trumpet-weed4 ,this is a most valuable diuretic4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one to three ounces2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,eupatorin 7,purpu71 one-half to two grains4 ,,buchu 7,barosma ,crenata74 ,the leaves are used4 ,this agent has been extensively employed1 generally in compounds4 ,dose--,of infusion1 7steeped for two hours or more7 one to two ounces2 of fluid extract1 the same2 of the concentrated principle1 ,barosmin1 one to three grains4 ,,pipsissewa 7,chimaphila ,umbellata71 or ,prince's ,pine4 ,this is a tonic to the kidneys1 as well as a diuretic and alterative1 and is a mild1 but very efficient remedy4 ,dose--,of decoction1 one ounce from four to six times a day2 of fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,chimaphilin1 one to two grains4 ,,water-,,melon ,,seeds 7,cucurbita ,citrullus74 ,dose--,of infusion1 the patient may drink freely until the desired effect is secured4 ,,pumpkin ,,seeds 7,cucurbita ,pepo74 ,they are mild1 unirritating1 yet effective diuretics4 ,an infusion of these may be drunk freely4 ,,sweet ,,spirit ,,of ,,nitre 7,spiritus theris ,nitros71 is diuretic and anodyne4 ,dose--,one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful1 diluted in water1 every two or three hours4 ,,saltpetre 7,potass ,nitras74 ,dose--,powdered1 five to ten grains4 ,,acetate ,,of ,,potash 7,potass ,acetas74 ,dose--,ten to fifteen grains1 largely diluted in water4 ,it is more frequently used for this purpose than the nitrate4 ,it is a most valuable diuretic4 ,,emetics4 ,these are medicines which cause vomiting and evacuation of the stomach4 ,some of the agents of this class1 termed irritant emetics1 produce vomiting by a local action on the stomach1 and do not affect this organ when introduced elsewhere4 ,others1 which may be termed systemic emetics1 produce their effects through the nervous system1 and1 therefore1 must be absorbed into the circulation before they can produce vomiting4 ,in cases of poisoning1 it is desirable to empty the stomach as quickly as possible1 hence irritant emetics should be employed1 for they act more speedily4 ,draughts of warm water favor the action of emetics4 ,,mustard 7,sinapis7 acts promptly and efficiently as an emetic1 and may be employed in poisoning4 ,dose--,from one to two teaspoonfuls of powdered mustard1 stirred up in a glass of tepid water4 ,it should be quickly swallowed and diluents freely administered4 ,,sulphate ,,of ,,copper 7,cupri ,sulphas7 is a prompt1 irritant emetic4 ,it should be given in doses of ten grains dissolved in half a glass of water1 and its action assisted by the free use of diluents4 ,,sulphate ,,of ,,zinc 7,zinci ,sulphas7 is similar in its effects to sulphate of copper1 but less powerful1 and may be taken in the same manner1 and the dose repeated if necessary in fifteen minutes4 ,,yellow ,,subsulphate ,,of ,,mercury 7,hydrargyri ,sulphas flava71 commonly known as ,turpeth ,mineral1 is an efficient and most desirable emetic in membranous croup4 ,it is an active poison1 but1 as it is quickly thrown up with the contents of the stomach1 there is no danger from its administration4 ,dose--,it should be given to a child in doses of from three to five grains1 in the form of powder1 rubbed up with sugar of milk4 ,,ipecac 7,cephlis ,ipecacuanha74,in large doses ,ipecac is a systemic emetic4 ,in small doses1 it exerts a specific influence upon the mucous membranes1 relieves nausea and irritation1 and subdues inflammation4 ,in cholera infantum it is an invaluable remedy1 if given in very small doses4 ,by allaying irritation of the stomach and restoring tone and functional activity to it and the bowels1 it gradually checks the discharges and brings about a healthy condition4 ,it is also valuable in dysentery1 and is borne in large doses4 ,as an emetic the dose is1 of powder1 five to ten grains in warm water2 of fluid extract1 ten to twenty drops4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acb4 ,lobelia4 ,,lobelia 7,lobelia ,inflata71 sometimes known as ,indian ,tobacco1 or ,emetic-weed4 ,the herb and seeds are used4 ,this is a powerful1 systemic emetic1 but very depressing4 ,dose--,of the powdered leaves1 fifteen to twenty grains2 of the infusion1 one to three ounces2 of the fluid extract1 ten to fifteen drops4 ,,boneset 7,eupatorium ,perfoliatum74 ,dose--,of the warm infusion or decoction1 two to three ounces2 of the fluid extract1 one teaspoonful in hot water3 of the concentrated principle1 ,eupatorin1 two to five grains4 ,,emmenagogues4 ,emmenagogue is a term applied to a class of medicines which have the power of favoring the discharge of the menses4 ,we shall mention only a few of those which are best adapted to domestic use4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acc4 ,pennyroyal4 ,,pennyroyal 7,hedeoma ,pulegioides74 ,pennyroyal1 used freely in the form of a warm infusion1 promotes perspiration and excites the menstrual discharge when recently checked4 ,a large draught of the infusion should be taken at bed-time4 ,the feet should be bathed in warm water previous to taking the infusion4 ,,black ,,cohosh 7,cimicifuga ,racemosa74 ,black ,cohosh1 known also as ,black ,snake-root1 is an effective remedy in uterine difficulties4 ,dose--,of the tincture1 twenty drops2 of the fluid extract1 ten drops4 ,,tansy 7,tanacetum ,vulgare74 ,tansy is beneficial in suppressed menstruation4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 from one to four fluid ounces4 ,,ergot 7,secede ,cornutum7 in very small doses acts as an emmenagogue1 and in large doses it checks hemorrhage4 ,the dose as an emmenagogue1 of the fluid extract1 is from two to five drops1 and to arrest hemorrhage1 from half a drachm to two drachms1 repeated in from one to three hours4 ,,life-,,root 7,senecio ,gracilis47 ,life-root exerts a peculiar influence upon the female reproductive organs1 and for this reason has received the name of ,female ,regulator ,it is very efficacious in promoting the menstrual flow1 and is a valuable agent in the treatment of uterine diseases4 ,dose--,of the decoction1 four fluid ounces three or four times a day2 of the fluid extract1 from one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful4 ,,motherwort 7,leonurus ,cardiaca74 ,motherwort is usually given in warm infusion1 in suppression of the menses from cold4 ,dose--,of the decoction1 from two to three fluid ounces every one or two hours4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,favorite ,,prescription is an efficient remedy in cases requiring a medicine to regulate the menstrual function4 ,full directions accompany every bottle4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed is an excellent emmenagogue4 ,dr4 ,eberle1 a very celebrated medical writer1 and author of a work on medicine which is very popular with the profession1 says that he has used the ,extract of ,smart-weed in twenty cases of amenorrhea 7suppressed menstruation71 and affirms with no other remedy or mode of treatment have ,i been so successful as with this4 ,full directions accompany every bottle4 ,it is sold by all druggists4 ,,expectorants4 ,expectorants are medicines which modify the character of the secretions of the bronchial tubes1 and promote their discharge4 ,most of the agents of this class are depressing in their influence and thus interfere with digestion and healthy nutrition4 ,their application is very limited1 hence we shall dismiss them without further consideration4 ,,liniments4 ,liniments are medicines designed for external application4 ,the benefits arising from their use depend upon their derivative power1 as well as upon the anodyne properties which many of them possess1 rendering them efficacious for soothing pain4 ,we cannot mention a more valuable agent of this class than ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed4 ,as an external application this preparation subdues inflammation and relieves pain4 ,for all wounds1 bruises1 sprains1 bee-stings1 insect and snake-bites1 frost-bites1 chilblains1 caked breast1 swollen glands1 rheumatism1 and1 in short1 for any and all ailments1 whether afflicting man or beast1 requiring a direct external application1 either to allay inflammation or soothe pain1 the ,extract of ,smart-weed cannot be excelled4 ,,narcotics4 ,a narcotic is a remedy which1 in medicinal doses1 allays morbid sensibility1 relieves pain1 and produces sleep2 but which1 in overdoses1 produces coma1 convulsions1 and death4 ,the quantity necessary to produce these results varies in different individuals4 ,we shall mention a few of those most frequently employed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acd4 ,henbane4 ,,henbane 7,hyoscyamus ,niger74 ,the leaves and seeds are used4 ,henbane1 in large doses1 is a powerful narcotic and dangerously poisonous4 ,in medicinal doses1 it is anodyne and antispasmodic2 it allays pain1 induces sleep1 and arrests spasms4 ,dose--,of the fluid extract1 five to ten drops2 of the solid extract1 from one-half to one grain2 of the concentrated principle1 ,hyoscyamin1 from one-twelfth to one-fourth of a grain4 ,,indian ,,hemp 7,cannabis ,indica74 ,an ,east ,indian plant4 ,dose--,of the extract1 from one-fourth to one-half grain1 of the tincture1 from three to eight drops2 of the fluid extract1 from two to five drops4 ,the plant known as ,indian ,hemp1 growing in this country1 possesses very different qualities4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ace4 ,stramonium4 ,,stramonium 7,datura ,stramonium74 ,stramonium1 also known as ,thorn-apple1 in large doses is a powerful narcotic poison4 ,in medicinal doses it acts as an anodyne and antispasmodic ,dose--,of extract of the leaves1 from one-half to one grain2 of the fluid extract1 from three to six drops4 ,,nervines4 ,these are medicines which act on the nervous system1 soothing excitement and quieting the condition known as nervousness4 ,,hops 7,humulus ,lupulus74 ,dose--,of infusion1 one to three ounces2 of the fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful of the concentrated principle1 ,humulin1 two to three grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acf4 ,scull-cap4 ,,scull-,,cap4 7,scutellaria ,lateriolia74 ,the herb is used4 ,it is also known as ,mad-dog ,weed4 ,this is a valuable remedy4 ,dose--,of infusion1 one to two ounces1 of the fluid extract1 ten to twenty drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,scutellarin1 one to two grains4 ,,lady',s ,,slipper 7,cypripedium ,pubescens74 ,the root is used4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 one-half to one-ounce2 of ,,the fluid extract1 one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful2 of the concentrated principle1 ,cypripedin1 one to two grains4 ,,pulsatilla 7,pulsatilla ,nigricans74 ,we employ the ,german tincture1 prepared from the green herb4 ,in many of the distressing nervous complications to which both males and females are subject in certain diseases of the generative organs1 we have found it very effectual4 ,the dose is from two to eight drops4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,favorite ,,prescription4 ,this is a tonic nervine of unsurpassed efficacy1 combined in such a manner1 that1 while it quiets nervous irritation1 it strengthens the enfeebled nervous system1 restoring it to healthful vigor4 ,in all diseases involving the female reproductive organs1 with which there is usually associated an irritable condition of the nervous system1 it is unsurpassed as a remedy4 ,it is also a uterine and general tonic of great excellence4 ,it is sold by all druggists4 ,,sedatives4 ,sedatives are a class of agents which control excitation of the circulation1 and diminish irritability of the nervous system4 ,,aconite 7,aconitum ,napellus71 ,the parts used are the root and leaves4 ,aconite slows the pulse1 diminishes arterial tension1 and lowers the temperature of the body in fevers4 ,it is an effectual remedy in acute inflammation of the tonsils and throat1 in acute bronchitis1 in inflammation of the lungs1 and pleurisy1 in the hot stage of intermittent and remittent fevers1 in the eruptive fevers1 in fever arising from a cold1 and in some forms of neuralgia4 ,acute suppression of the menses from a cold1 may be relieved by the tincture of aconite in drop doses every hour4 ,dose--,of the tincture of the root1 from one-half of a drop to two drops1 in a spoonful of water1 in acute fevers and inflammations1 from one-half drop to one drop should be administered every half hour or hour1 according to the severity of the symptoms4 ,,peach ,,tree 7,amygdalus ,persica74 ,peach tree leaves and bark are slightly sedative1 but the chief use which we have found for these articles is to control nausea and vomiting arising from irritability of the stomach4 ,it also possesses mild1 tonic properties4 ,dose--,of infusion at the bark of the small twigs or of the leaves1 from two to six teaspoonfuls4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #acg4 ,american ,hellebore4 ,,american ,,hellebore 7,veratrum ,viride7 is also known as ,white ,hellebore1 ,indian ,poke1 or ,swamp ,hellebore4 ,the root is the part used4 ,it is a most valuable agent with which to control the frequent1 strong1 bounding pulse common to many febrile and inflammatory diseases4 ,when the pulse is hard1 incompressible1 and bounding1 this remedy is more effectual than aconite4 ,dose--,of the tincture and fluid extract1 from one to two drops1 repeated every half hour to two hours1 according to the severity of the symptoms4 ,this remedy should be given in very small doses1 frequently repeated1 if we would secure its best effects4 ,our favorite mode of administering both veratrum and aconite is to add ten drops of the tincture to ten or fifteen teaspoonfuls of water1 of which one teaspoonful may be administered every hour4 ,,yellow ,,jessamine 7,gelseminum ,sempervirens74 ,the root is the part used4 ,through its controlling effect over the sympathetic nervous system1 this agent exerts a marked influence in controlling morbid excitability of the circulatory organs4 ,it allays irritation1 and determination of blood to the brain1 indicated by flushed face1 contracted pupils1 irritability1 and restlessness1 a frequent condition in diseases incident to childhood4 ,its concentrated principle1 ,gelsemin1 is an efficient remedy in bloody-flux or dysentery4 ,it should be administered in very small doses to secure the best results4 ,only one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain is required1 repeated every two hours4 ,it should be triturated with sugar of milk or with common white sugar1 in the proportion of one grain to ten of sugar4 ,dose--,of tincture1 from five to fifteen drops2 of fluid extract1 three to six drops2 of ,gelsemin1 as a sedative1 one-fourth to one-half grain4 ,,stimulants4 ,stimulants are medicines which have the power of increasing the vital activity of the body4 ,some have a very transient action1 while others are more permanent in effect4 ,,cayenne ,,pepper 7,capsicum ,annuum74 ,cayenne ,pepper is a powerful stimulant4 ,dose--,of the powder1 from one to six grains1 administered in milk2 of the tincture1 from five to ten drops1 largely diluted in milk or water4 ,,black ,,pepper 7,piper ,nigrum74 ,black ,pepper is a warm1 carminative stimulant4 ,dose--,from five to fifteen grains2 of the fluid extract1 from ten to fifteen drops4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ach4 ,prickly-ash4 ,,prickly-,,ash 7,xanthoxylum ,fraxineum74 ,prickly-ash bark is a stimulant and tonic4 ,the parts used are the bark and leaves4 ,dose--,of the fluid extract1 from five to fifteen drops2 of the tincture1 ten to twenty drops2 of the active principle1 ,xanthoxylin1 one to two grains4 ,,alcohol is a powerful stimulant4 ,it is never used in its pure state in medicine1 but when diluted forms a useful remedy in many diseases4 ,it is generally employed in the form of whiskey1 gin1 rum1 brandy1 and wine4 ,,ammonia is an excellent stimulant4 ,dose--,of the carbonate1 from three to five grains2 of the sesquicarbonate1 from five to ten grains2 this is the same as the carbonate1 which has been exposed to the air and slacked 7powdered hartshorn72 of the aromatic spirit1 from one-half to one teaspoonful4 ,the ,aqua ,ammonia and ,liquor ,ammonia are of such variable strength that they are seldom employed internally1 but may be applied externally and taken by inhalation4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,compound ,,extract ,,of ,,smart-,,weed4 ,this quickly diffusible stimulant and genial anodyne we have spoken of under the head of ,anodynes4 ,but its medicinal properties equally entitle it to a place and mention under the class of stimulants4 ,as a stimulant it spurs the nervous system and arouses the circulatory forces4 ,congestion of the lungs1 liver1 bowels1 or uterus1 embarrasses the functions of these organs4 ,frequently this congestive difficulty may be entirely obviated1 and the circulation of the blood restored to the surface of the body1 by the administration of a few doses of this pleasant remedy4 ,thus it often acts like magic in giving relief1 promoting the circulation1 and restoring the organs to their accustomed functional activity4 ,full directions accompany every bottle4 ,,tonics4 ,tonics are remedies which moderately exalt the energies of all parts of the body1 without causing any deviation of healthy function4 ,while stimulants are transient in their influence1 tonics are comparatively permanent4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aci4 ,white ,poplar4 ,,white ,,poplar 7,liriodendron ,tulipfera71 called also ,american ,poplar1 or ,white ,wood4 ,the part used is the inner bark4 ,this is a mild but valuable tonic for domestic use4 ,dose--,of the infusion1 from one-half to one ounce2 of tincture1 from one to two teaspoonfuls4 ,,chamomile 7,anthemis ,nobilis74 ,the part used is the flowers4 ,this is a mild1 unirritating tonic4 ,dose--,of infusion 7one-fourth ounce of flowers to a pint of water7 one-half to one ounce4 ,,gentian 7,gentiana ,lutead74 ,the root is the part used4 ,this is a favorite domestic tonic in many localities4 ,dose--,of powdered root1 five to ten grains2 of the tincture1 ten to twenty drops2 of the fluid extract1 five to ten drops1 four or five times a day4 ,,nux ,,vomica 7,strychnos ,nux ,vomica71 or ,dog ,button4 ,this is a powerful tonic4 ,it increases innervation and is particularly valuable in cases marked by feeble circulation and general impairment of muscular power4 ,in overdoses it is poisonous1 and hence must be employed with much caution4 ,dose--,of the tincture1 three to five drops2 of the fluid extract1 ,,one ,,to ,,three ,,drops4 ,,willow 7,salix ,alba74 ,willow is a tonic and an astringent4 ,dose--,of the decoction1 from one to two fluid ounces2 of the concentrated principle1 ,salicin1 from two to four grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #adj4 ,dogwood4 ,,dogwood 7,cornus ,florida74 ,dogwood1 also known ,boxwood1 is tonic1 astringent1 and slightly stimulant4 ,dose--,of the solid extract1 from three to five grains2 of the infusion1 from one to two ounces2 of the fluid extract1 from ten to twenty drops4 ,,wafer-,,ash 7,ptelea ,trifoliata71 also called ,swamp ,dogwood4 ,the bark is used4 ,this is a pure1 unirritating tonic4 ,dose--,of tincture1 one-half to one teaspoonful2 of fluid extract ten to twenty drops2 of the infusion1 one to two fluid ounces4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ada4 ,golden ,seal4 ,,golden ,,seal 7,hydrastis ,canadensis74 ,golden ,seal is a powerful and most valuable tonic4 ,it is a valuable local remedy when used as a general injection in leucorrhea4 ,dose--,of the powder1 from ten to thirty grains2 of the tincture1 from one-half to one fluid drachm2 of the fluid extract1 from ten to twenty drops2 of the concentrated principle1 ,hydrastin1 from two to three grains2 of the muriate of hydrastia1 from one-half to one grain4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #adb4 ,american ,colombo4 ,,american ,,colombo 7,frasera ,carolinensis74 ,american ,colombo is a simple tonic4 ,dose--,of the powdered root1 from ten to fifteen grains2 of the infusion one-half to one fluid ounce1 three or four times a day2 of the active principle1 ,fraserin1 one to three grains4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #adc4 ,gold ,thread4 ,,gold ,,thread 7,coptis ,trifolia74 ,gold ,thread is a pure and powerful1 bitter tonic1 and is also efficacious as a wash for sore mouth or as a gargle4 ,dose--,of the decoction1 from two to six fluid drachms2 of the tincture1 from one-half to two teaspoonfuls2 of fluid extract1 from ten to twenty drops4 ,,iron 7,ferrum74 ,different preparations of iron are frequently prescribed by physicians4 ,they are particularly valuable in anmic conditions of the system4 ,the following are a few of the preparations of this metal most generally used3 ,,iron ,,by ,,hydrogen 7,ferri ,redactum74 ,dose--,one to two grains4 ,,carbonate ,,of ,,iron 7,ferri ,carbonas74 ,dose--,one to three grains4 ,,citrate ,,of ,,iron 7,ferri ,citras74 ,dose--,one to three grains4 ,,pyrophosphate ,,of ,,iron 7,ferri ,pyrophosphas74 ,dose--,one to three grains4 ,,tincture ,,of ,,muriate ,,of ,,iron 7,tinctura ,ferri ,chloridi74 ,dose--,three to twenty drops4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,favorite ,,prescription4 ,the ,favorite ,prescription1 in addition to those properties already described1 likewise combines tonic properties4 ,in consequence of the never ceasing activities of the bodily organs1 the system requires support1 something to permanently exalt its actions4 ,in all cases of debility1 the ,favorite ,prescription tranquilizes the nerves1 tones up the organs and increases their vigor1 and strengthens the system4 ,directions for use accompany every bottle4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery4 ,in addition to the alterative properties combined in this compound1 it possesses important tonic qualities4 ,while the ,favorite ,prescription exerts a tonic influence upon the digestive and nutritive functions1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery acts upon the excretory glands4 ,besides1 it tends to retard unusual waste and expenditure4 ,this latter remedy tones1 sustains1 and1 at the same time regulates the functions4 ,while increasing the discharge of noxious elements accumulated in the system1 it promptly arrests the wastes arising from debility1 and the unusual breaking down of the cells incident to quick decline4 ,it stimulates the liver to secrete1 changes the sallow complexion1 and transforms the listless invalid into a vigorous and healthy being4 ,at the same time1 it checks the rapid disorganization of the tissues and their putrescent change1 while it sustains the vital processes4 ,it is1 therefore1 and indispensable remedy in the treatment of many diseases4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,baths ,,and ,,motion ,,as ,,remedial ,,agents4 ,the remedial effects of bathing are generally underrated4 ,this want of appreciation is more often due to the improper manner in which it is performed than to an insufficiency of curative virtues4 ,the term bathing not only implies a cleaning of the body or certain portions of it1 but also the application of water in such a manner as to influence the nervous system1 and regulate the functions of the secretory organs4 ,cleanliness1 while it preserves health and promotes recovery1 has reference only to the hygienic influences of water and not to its curative effects4 ,there are several kinds of baths1 the names of which indicate their character1 manner of application1 or the part of the body to which they are applied4 ,among others1 we have ,cold1 ,cool1 ,temperate1 ,tepid1 ,warm1 ,hot1 ,hot ,air1 ,russian1 ,turkish1 ,vapor1 ,electric1 ,sea1 ,shower1 ,sponge1 ,douche1 ,foot1 ,sitz1 ,head1 ,medicated1 ,alkaline1 ,acid1 ,iodine1 and ,sulphur ,baths4 ,temperature influences the properties of any bath2 thus the sponge1 sitz1 and alkaline baths may be employed warm or cold1 according to the effect desired4 ,,the ,,cold ,,bath1 used at a temperature of from #dj to #fj ,fahr41 is powerfully sedative1 and is employed for its tonic effects4 ,if the vital powers are low1 or the individual remains in it too long 7two or three minutes should be the limit71 the reaction is slow and its effects injurious4 ,while it is highly invigorating to robust persons1 those who have a low standard of vitality should be cautions in its employment4 ,a local bath may be followed by beneficial results1 when a general bath would be inadmissible4 ,for these reasons we advise the general use of the ,,cool ,,bath1 at a temperature of from #fj to #ge ,fahr4 ,if1 in any instance1 the reaction is slow1 we recommend the ,,temperate ,,bath1 at a temperature of from #ge to #hj ,fahr4 ,the time of remaining in the bath should be regulated by the strength of the invalid4 ,as a rule1 it should not exceed three minutes1 and the colder the water the less time should the patient be immersed4 ,immediately after emerging from any bath1 the body should be thoroughly dried and rubbed with a moderately coarse towel until a glow is experienced and reaction is fully established4 ,the attempt to toughen children by exposing them to low temperatures of either air or water1 cannot be too emphatically condemned4 ,this caution1 however1 does not apply to the employment of moderately cool water for ablutions4 ,the cold or cool bath should be taken in the early part of the day1 but never during digestion4 ,whenever reaction does not follow bathing1 artificial means must be resorted to1 as stimulating drinks1 dry warmth1 or exercise4 ,,the ,,tepid ,,bath1 the temperature of which is from #he to #ib ,fahr41 is generally used for cleansing the body4 ,it is prescribed in fevers and inflammatory affections for its cooling effects4 ,it is usually medicated with some acid or alkali4 ,the latter unites with the oily secretion of the skin and forms a soapy compound easily removed by the water4 ,the temperature should be regulated according to the vitality of the patient2 and the bath may be repeated two or three times a day4 ,it removes superfluous heat1 and keeps the skin in a condition favorable for excretion4 ,,the ,,warm ,,bath1 at a temperature varying from #ib to #ih ,fahr41 is always agreeable and refreshing4 ,it equalizes the circulation and softens the skin1 by removing all impurities4 ,it moderates pain and soothes the whole system4 ,it does not weaken or debilitate the person1 but is in every way beneficial4 ,it is an efficient1 remedial agent in many chronic diseases1 convulsions1 spasmodic affections of the bowels1 rupture1 rheumatism1 and derangement of the urino-genital organs4 ,it should be employed immediately before going to bed unless urgent symptoms demand it at other times4 ,it may be medicated or not1 as circumstances require1 but should always be taken in a warm room4 ,,the ,,hot ,,bath at a temperature of from #ih to #aaj ,fahr4 is a powerful stimulant4 ,it excites the nerves1 and through them the entire system4 ,it causes a sense of heat and a constriction of the secretory organs2 but perspiration1 languor1 and torpor soon follow4 ,in the sudden retrocession of cutaneous diseases1 it restores the eruptions to the surface and gives speedy relief4 ,the hot bath may be applied locally when circumstances require4 ,,the ,,russian ,,bath consists in the application of hot vapor1 at a temperature varying from #aab to #bjj ,fahr4 ,the patient is first subjected to a moderately warm temperature1 which is gradually increased as he becomes inured to it1 the head being surrounded with cloths wet in cold water4 ,upon emerging from it1 the bather is plunged into cold water or receives a cool1 shower bath4 ,in rheumatic and cutaneous diseases1 chronic inflammations1 and nervous affections1 the ,russian bath is an effective remedy4 ,,the ,,turkish ,,bath is a1 dry1 hot-air bath4 ,the bather passes from one apartment to another1 each one being of a higher temperature than the preceding4 ,he undergoes a thorough shampooing1 and1 although the person may be scrupulously clean1 he will be astonished at the amount of effete matter removed by this process4 ,the bather then returns through the various apartments1 and1 upon emerging from that of the lowest temperature1 he experiences a delightful sensation of vigor and elasticity4 ,as a hygienic agent1 the hot-air bath has been' constantly growing in favor4 ,its value is now recognized by all physicians throughout the world4 ,the judicious use of the ,turkish bath serves to secure perfect equalization of the circulation4 ,glandular activity is increased1 elasticity and power given to the muscles1 and a permanent1 stimulating and tonic influence imparted to the system1 a condition at once conducive to the enjoyment and prolongation of life4 ,dr4 ,erasmus ,wilson1 of ,england1 says1 in a paper read before the ,london ,medical ,association3 ,the inhabitant of a large city would live as healthy1 immured within city walls1 as amid the fields and meadows of the country4 ,his bath would be to him in the place of a country house or horse--it would give him air1 exercise1 freshness1 health1 and life4 ,the bath that cleanses the inward as well as the outward man2 that is applicable to every age2 that is adapted to make health healthier1 and alleviate disease1 whatever its stage or severity1 deserves to be adopted as a national institution1 and merits the advocacy of all medical men2 of those whose especial duty it is to teach how health may be preserved1 and how disease may be averted4 ,the hot1 dry atmosphere of the ,turkish bath promotes rapid evaporation from the surface of the body1 and it is well known that rapid evaporation from the surface is a cooling process4 ,a person's finger may be frozen in one minute's time1 by throwing upon it a constant1 fine spray of rhigolene or sulphuric ether4 ,the rapid evaporation of the light fluid congeals the liquids of the tissues and a film of ice is rapidly formed upon the part4 ,in a less intense degree the same cooling process is carried on over the whole surface of a person1 when in the hot room1 or sudatorium1 of the ,turkish bath4 ,the evaporation from the surface is so rapid that one can hardly appreciate the profuseness of the perspiration going on4 ,the evaporation from the surface so rapidly carries off the heat from the body that one finds himself able1 with little or no inconvenience1 to remain in a room heated to from #ahj to #bjj or even #bbj ,fahr4 ,as a hygienic measure to be regularly or occasionally employed by persons in fair health1 the ,turkish or hot dry-air bath is far superior to the ,russian or vapor-bath4 7#a47 ,it produces more profuse perspiration1 and is therefore more depurating1 or cleansing1 in its effects4 7#b47 ,it does not relax the system1 but rather produces a tonic effect1 and fewer precautions are1 therefore1 necessary to guard against taking cold after employing it4 7#c47 ,the ,turkish bath can be better ventilated than the ,russian4 ,while the air is heated to a high temperature1 it can be readily kept pure by constant changes4 ,in the ,turkish hot-rooms1 or sudatorium1 of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 provision is made for bringing underneath the floors a current of fresh air from without4 ,this column of fresh air is carried under the centre of each room where it escapes from the conductor1 is warmed1 and rises into the room1 from which extraction of air is constantly going on through registers opening into tubes1 communicating with large ventilated shafts which are kept hot1 summer and winter1 to insure a draught through them4 ,in this manner1 thorough ventilation of our ,turkish hot-rooms is insured4 ,the ,turkish bath not only combines a most agreeable luxury with a decidedly invigorating and tonic influence1 but also1 by its stimulating power1 induces proper glandular and cellular activity1 producing a healthy condition4 ,sallowness1 tan1 and freckles1 the result of local or general increase of the pigment granules of the skin1 soon disappear under the stimulating influence and regular use of the ,turkish bath1 which causes rapid development of new and transparent cells4 ,the colored granules are thus gradually replaced and the skin assumes a beautiful clearness and purity of appearance1 which transcends immeasurably the unhealthy hue that follows the frequent employment of the various cosmetics4 ,the value of an agent which thus improves the general health1 insures immunity from coughs1 colds1 and other diseases1 and at the same time produces a healthy and permanent beauty of complexion1 is at once apparent4 ,the purity of person1 perfect circulation1 increase of healthy nutrition and glandular activity produced by the ,turkish bath1 serve to make it of the most lasting utility4 ,the eminent ,dr4 ,madden has said1 and his experience is confirmed by every regular patron of the bath1 that1 ,wherever the ,turkish bath was a national institution the hair of the women was peculiarly luxurious and beautiful4 ,i can vouch for it that the use of the bath rendered the complexion more delicate and brilliant2 that the eyes became clearer and brighter2 all the personal charms were enhanced4 ,i can recommend no hygienic measure more beneficial or effectual in preserving the health and an attractive personal appearance4 ,pimples1 blotches1 eruptions1 and other disfigurations of the skin are removed by the frequent use of the ,turkish bath1 leaving the integument smooth and soft4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #add4 ,first ,hot-room of the ,turkish ,bath4 ,,how ,,the ,,turkish ,,bath ,,is ,,administered ,,at ,,the ,,invalid',s ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute4 ,the hot-rooms1 of which there are two1 are exactly similar in every respect except as regards temperature4 ,the first room has a temperature of from #aaj to #abj ,fahr4 ,the bather is supplied by the attendant every few minutes with copious draughts of cool water4 ,gradually the relaxing influence of the elevated temperature manifests itself4 ,the capillaries slowly dilate1 the veins enlarge under its gentle stimulus1 and small points of perspiration appear upon the surface1 which assumes a slight1 rosy blush4 ,a delightful calm1 a feeling of perfect rest and luxurious ease is imparted to the senses4 ,from this room1 after an appropriate interval1 the bather enters the second room1 in which the atmosphere is higher by from #bj to #cj1 and it may be made still higher1 its regulation requiring but an instant4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ade4 ,one of the ,shampooing rooms4 ,a thorough sweating occurs while the subject remains in these rooms1 during a period of from ten to forty minutes4 ,the secretions of the skin1 at first impure and loaded with the dbris of dead cells and extraneous matter1 gradually become purer1 and clearer1 until1 finally1 all trace of color disappears and the pearly drops of sweat come full and free4 ,soon the attendant appears and leads the way to the shampooing-room1 where1 lying upon a warm marble slab1 massage is applied most thoroughly to every portion of the body4 ,by the massage1 shampooing1 or rubbing1 the superficial veins are thoroughly emptied of their contents1 the muscles are given elasticity and tone1 and glandular activity is promoted4 ,innumerable dead epithelial cells1 together with other impurities1 are rolled off in flakes under the skillful manipulation of the attendant4 ,after a thorough shampooing1 the shower bath is applied1 to secure a contraction of the capillaries and a diminution of the perspiration4 ,,the ,,spirit ,,vapor-,,bath is very effective when employed in the earlier stages of acute1 febrile1 inflammatory1 and painful diseases4 ,in many forms of chronic diseases the administration of a spirit vapor-bath once in from three to fifteen days1 is a valuable adjunct to the treatment of these affections4 ,it exerts an exceedingly beneficial influence upon the entire system1 and1 when habitually employed1 may ward off disease4 ,the body should be moistened with an alkaline solution before the administration of a spirit vapor-bath4 ,after the perspiration which it occasions has subsided1 which will usually be in from three to four hours1 sponge the body with a mixture of the following ingredients3 water1 three gills2 alcohol1 one gill2 salt1 one teaspoonful4 ,by this method the patient experiences none of the unpleasant effects which generally follow the employment of diaphoretics4 ,various kinds of apparatus have been devised to facilitate the application of the spirit vapor-baths4 ,most of them are cumbersome and expensive1 and1 consequently1 are seldom used except in hospitals or sanitariums4 ,the following method described by ,dr4 ,j4 ,king1 may be advantageously employed4 ,the patient is undressed1 ready for getting into bed1 having removed the clothing worn through the day and put on a night shirt or other clothing to be worn while sweating1 and during the night1 if the bath is taken at bed-time4 ,he is then seated on a high ,windsor or wooden-bottomed chair1 or instead thereof1 a bench or board may be placed on a common open-bottomed chair1 care being taken that the bottom is so covered that the flame will not burn him4 ,after seating himself1 a large coverlet or blanket is thrown around him from behind1 covering the back of his head and body1 as well as the chair1 and another must be passed around him in front1 which last is to be pinned at the neck1 loosely1 so that he can raise it and cover his face1 or remove it down from the face from time to time as occasion demands during the operation of the bath4 ,the blankets must reach down to the floor1 and cover each other at the side1 so as to retain the vapor4 ,this having been done1 a saucer or tin vessel1 into which is put one or two tablespoonfuls of whiskey1 brandy1 alcohol1 or any liquor that will burn1 is then placed upon the floor1 directly under the centre of the bottom of the chair1 raising a part of the blanket from behind to place it there2 then light a piece of paper1 apply the flame to the liquor1 and as soon as it kindles let down the part of the blanket which has been raised1 and allow the liquor to burn until it is consumed1 watching it from time to time to see that the blankets are not burned4 ,as soon as consumed1 put more liquor into the saucer1 about as much as before1 and again set it on fire1 being careful to put no liquor into the saucer while the flame exists1 as there would be danger of setting fire to the blanket1 and producing injury to the patient4 ,continue this until the patient perspires freely1 which1 in a majority of cases1 will be in five or ten minutes4 ,if1 during the operation the patient feels faint or thirsty1 cold water must be sprinkled or dashed in his face1 or he may drink one or two swallows of it1--and in some cases the head may be bathed with cold water4 ,as soon as free perspiration is produced1 wrap the blankets around him1 place him in bed1 and cover him up warm1 giving him about a pint of either some good store tea1 ginger1 or some diaphoretic herb tea to drink1 as warm as he can take it4 ,after two or three hours1 remove the covering1 piece by piece1 at intervals of twenty or twenty-five minutes each1 that he may gradually cease perspiring4 ,the above method may be improved by using an ordinary hoop skirt1 ten to twelve inches below the bottom of which is suspended a larger and stronger hoop4 ,the upper and smaller hoops should rest upon the patient's shoulders4 ,a woolen blanket1 large enough to reach and rest upon the floor1 and envelop the whole person1 is thrown over the hoops4 ,unless the bath is employed to diminish the quantity of fluids in the body 7as in dropsy71 the patient may drink some simple1 diaphoretic infusion1 to hasten or facilitate perspiration4 ,when he perspires freely1 small quantities of cold water may be frequently given4 ,there is little or no danger of taking cold after this process1 if ordinary precaution is observed1 and it is easy1 agreeable1 safe1 and effectual4 ,occasionally we will meet with patients1 upon whom it is almost impossible to produce the slightest moisture1 much less perspiration4 ,the skin of such persons is generally dry and harsh1 communicating an unpleasant sensation to the touch4 ,in most instances the skin may be restored to its normal condition1 by adopting the following course3 #ast4 ,anoint the whole surface of the body and limbs with olive oil every night upon retiring to bed4 #bnd4 ,every morning wash the whole surface with a warm1 weak1 alkaline solution1 employing considerable friction while drying4 #crd4 ,every two weeks administer a spirit vapor-bath4 ,a perseverance in this course for a few months will accomplish the desired result4 ,frequent reference to spirit vapor-baths will be made by the author of this work1 in speaking of those diseases in which its employment will prove beneficial4 ,,sea ,,bathing is an excellent1 remedial agent in chronic disorders1 particularly in those of an atonic character1 such as nervous prostration1 dyspepsia1 and general debility4 ,much of the benefit attributed to this mode of bathing is undoubtedly due to other influences1 such as pure air1 exercise1 change of scenery1 diet1 and associations which surround the patient during his sojourn at the sea-shore4 ,at first1 the duration of a sea-bath should not exceed three or five minutes1 but it may be gradually prolonged to fifteen or twenty minutes4 ,if the patient is very feeble1 one or two baths a week are sufficient1 and the most robust person should never take more than one a day4 ,they should always be taken in the earlier portion of the day1 before breakfast if possible1 and never during digestion4 ,before entering this bath1 a moderate degree of exercise should always be taken1 enough to arouse the vital energies1 but not to produce fatigue4 ,suitably dressed1 the patient plunges into the water1 in which he remains during the prescribed time4 ,immediately after emerging from the bath1 the patient should be thoroughly dried and dressed and then moderate exercise should be taken to induce reaction4 ,if the reaction is slow1 a mild stimulant may be taken and the duration of the bath must be diminished the next time4 ,when sea-bathing is beneficial improvement is soon manifested4 ,the blood becomes richer1 the whole system is strengthened and the functions are performed with more regularity4 ,to the rich1 sea-bathing is a luxury1 but it is a remedy beyond the reach of the poorer classes unless they live near the sea-shore4 ,,the ,,shower ,,bath produces a shock to the nervous system by suddenly coming in contact with the skin4 ,numerous streams of cold water fall upon the neck1 shoulders1 and body of the patient who stands beneath the hose or reservoir4 ,when the patient is plethoric1 feeble1 or nervous1 or when some internal organ is diseased1 the cold1 shower bath should not be employed4 ,in simple debility unaccompanied by inflammation or symptoms of internal congestion1 its use proves advantageous4 ,by moderating the force of the shower1 and substituting tepid water1 the most delicate persons can endure it and profit thereby4 ,the usual means for inducing a good reaction1 friction1 and exercise1 should be employed4 ,,the ,,douche ,,bath consists of a stream of water1 dashed or thrown upon the patient from a moderate height or distance1 with considerable force4 ,the size1 temperature1 and force of the stream may be modified to suit the exigencies of the case4 ,it is locally employed as a remedy for sprains1 weak or stiff joints1 old swellings1 etc4 ,the cold1 douche bath is more powerful than the shower bath and should be given with the same precautions which govern the application of the latter4 ,,the ,,sponge ,,bath admits of extensive employment in both acute and chronic diseases1 and its simplicity renders it of untold value4 ,it consists in a general or local application of water 7medicated or not7 at any desired temperature4 ,the quantity may be great or small to suit the requirements of the case4 ,if it is applied in acute diseases at a temperature agreeable to the patient1 it is exceedingly grateful and may be repeated as often as necessary4 ,it may be rendered alkaline by the addition of some compound of soda1 in the proportion of a teaspoonful to a quart of water4 ,a portion of the body may be bathed at a time1 and quickly dried1 thus avoiding any exposure to cold4 ,it removes excessive animal heat1 relaxes the capillaries1 equalizes the circulation1 and produces comfort1 tranquility1 and sleep4 ,nothing is more conducive to the health and comfort of laboring men in summer than a daily bath1 and it is a matter of regret that there are so few conveniences for the purpose in most homes1 especially those in the country4 ,farmers in particular need bathing facilities1 and yet in most cases they are almost entirely without them4 ,for their benefit we will describe a device which we can recommend to all who want a cheap1 convenient1 and easily managed apparatus for sponge bathing in the bed-room4 ,the articles required are a piece of rubber-cloth a yard and a quarter square1 four slats1 two inches wide and three feet long1 notched at the ends so as to lock together in the form of a square1 and a large sponge4 ,the slats are placed upon the floor and the rubber cloth is spread over them 7there is no need of fastening it to the slats71 forming a shallow square vessel a yard wide4 ,in this the bather stands and applies the water with a sponge from a basin or bowl on a stand placed conveniently near4 ,there need be no danger of wetting the carpet1 or spoiling the furniture4 ,when the bath is finished1 gather three corners of the rubber cloth in the left hand1 take the fourth corner in the right in such a way as to form a spout when lifted or held over the slop-jar or bucket4 ,the water may be poured out in a moment1 when the cloth should be spread over the back of a chair to dry1 and the slats unlocked and set away in a closet4 ,,the ,,foot ,,bath is frequently employed1 as a means of causing diaphoresis1 in colds1 attacks of acute diseases1 and also to draw the blood from the head or some internal organ4 ,it is a powerful auxiliary in the treatment of those chronic diseases in which inflammation1 congestion1 and a feeble circulation are prominent symptoms4 ,the water should be as hot as it can be borne and the temperature kept up by additions of hot water4 ,it may be made stimulating by the addition of salt1 mustard1 ginger1 or cayenne pepper4 ,,the ,,sitz ,,bath4 ,a tub is so arranged that the patient can sit down in it while bathing4 ,in this manner the lower part of the abdomen1 hips1 and upper part of the thighs1 are immersed in whatever fluid the bath is composed of4 ,it is applicable in diseases of the pelvic organs1 and may be hot1 warm1 cool1 cold1 or medicated1 according to the effect desired4 ,the bath tub should be large enough to permit a thorough rubbing and kneading of the diseased parts1 and the patient may remain in it from ten to thirty minutes4 ,the clothing may be wholly or partially removed1 as agreeable to the individual4 ,a warm1 sitz bath is an effective1 remedial adjunct in menstrual suppression and in painful menstruation1 gravel1 spasmodic and acute inflammatory affections generally4 ,the cold1 sitz bath is used as a tonic in cases of relaxed tissues of the pelvis1 in debility of the urino-genital organs1 in piles1 prolapsus of the rectum1 and in constipation4 ,,the ,,head ,,bath4 ,a shallow basin contains the fluid for the bath2 and the patient1 assuming a recumbent position1 immerses a portion of the head1 generally the back part4 ,the temperature may be warm1 cool1 or cold1 as desired4 ,,medicated ,,baths are infusions of vegetable or other substances in water4 ,they are sometimes applied with the sponge1 though generally the patient is immersed4 ,the temperature at which they are usually employed is that of the tepid bath4 ,the nature and strength of the medication depends upon the character of the disease for which it is employed4 ,,the ,,alkaline ,,bath is prepared by dissolving half a pound of carbonate of soda in sixty gallons of water4 ,it is useful in those diseases in which the fluids of the body are abnormally acid1 as in rheumatism4 ,,the ,,acid ,,bath is prepared by adding two pounds of muriatic or hydrochloric acid to sixty gallons of water4 ,a much smaller quantity of the acid is sometimes used1 and in some instances vinegar is substituted4 ,scott's ,acid ,bath is composed of nitro-muriatic acid 7aqua regia7 and water4 ,it should be prepared in a wooden tub1 and a sufficient quantity of acid used to give the water a sour taste4 ,it is extensively used in ,india as a remedy for disorders of the liver4 ,,the ,,iodine ,,bath is composed of the following ingredients3 tincture of iodine1 two drachms2 iodide of potassium1 four drachms2 water1 forty gallons4 ,it should be prepared in a wooden tub4 ,it reddens the skin4 ,for children1 a much weaker solution must be employed4 ,its use is generally restricted to scrofulous and tubercular affections4 ,,the ,,sulphur ,,bath is prepared by dissolving eight ounces of sulphuret of potassium and two ounces of dilute sulphuric acid in sixty gallons of water4 ,the acid may be omitted4 ,a ,,sulphur ,,vapor-,,bath is often employed in cities where the necessary apparatus can be procured4 ,it may be improvised by placing sulphur on a shovel over hot coals4 ,the patient should be prepared as in the spirit vapor-bath1 and burning sulphur substituted for the liquor4 ,the patient is then enveloped in the fumes of sulphurous oxide4 ,heating a mixture of sulphur and sulphuric acid1 produces the same result4 ,if the gas is inhaled in large quantities it causes irritation of the respiratory passages1 and suffocation4 ,it is therefore necessary that the coverings should be securely fastened at the neck1 and that the room be one which can be quickly filled with pure air ,this bath is used in cutaneous1 rheumatic1 and syphilitic disorders4 ,,fomentations consist of the general or local application of woolen cloths wrung out of hot water4 ,they should not be so light as to be ineffectual1 nor so heavy as to be burdensome4 ,they should not be wet enough to drip1 nor applied so as to expose the body to the surrounding air4 ,a fresh cloth should be ready for application before the first one is removed1 and the change quickly effected4 ,fomentations are effectual in relieving congestion and inflammation4 ,,the ,,wet ,,sheet ,,pack4 ,as this remedial appliance will be frequently recommended in the pages following1 its mode of application is here described4 ,take a pail half filled with cold water1 gather together one end of a common cotton sheet1 and immerse it1 allowing it to remain while preparing the bed1 which may be done as follows3 remove all the bed-clothes except a coverlet and the pillows1 then spread upon it1 in the following order1 two ordinary comforters1 one woolen blanket1 one woolen sheet1 7or two woolen sheets if a woolen blanket is not at hand72 then wring out one-half or two-thirds of the water from the wet sheet1 spread it smoothly upon the blanket1 and the patient being undressed1 places himself on the sheet1 with his arms extended1 while an assistant wraps him closely and tightly with it1 as quickly as possible4 ,each arm may be thus covered by the wet sheet1 or may lie outside of it1 and be covered by wet towels1 prepared in the same manner as the sheet4 ,then quickly and tightly cover with the blankets and comforters1 tucking snugly from head to foot4 ,the head should also be covered with a wet towel1 and a bottle of warm water placed to the feet1 or near enough to keep them warm4 ,after the first shock of the chill is over1 the pack is very pleasant and refreshing1 and the patient should go to sleep1 if possible4 ,the ordinary time for a patient to remain in a pack is about sixty minutes4 ,thirty or forty minutes is sufficient1 if he is in a feeble condition4 ,never wring the sheet out of warm water1 for one of its principal benefits comes from the vigorous reaction induced by its cold temperature4 ,after remaining in the pack from thirty to sixty minutes1 allow the patient to stand on his feet1 if he is able1 and have the whole surface of his body bathed4 ,rub briskly1 and dry with towels1 or by throwing over the body a dry sheet and then rubbing him4 ,the dry sheet retains the bodily warmth and is more comfortable1 but interferes with the completeness and vigor of the rubbing of the body4 ,be sure and establish full reaction1 which may be known by the warmth of the surface4 ,frequently1 when the patient is released from the pack1 and is being bathed1 rolls of scales1 scurf1 and skin-debris come off1 thus giving palpable evidence of the utility of the pack in freeing the myriads of pores of the skin of effete matter4 ,it is efficient in fevers1 and for breaking up colds1 and is a very valuable1 remedial agent in most chronic diseases1 assisting in removing causes which depress the bodily functions4 ,,motion ,,is ,a ,,remedial ,,agent4 ,the stability of the planetary system depends upon the converted motion of its parts4 ,so in the human system1 motion is a fundamental principle which underlies every vital process4 ,health consists in normal1 functional activity4 ,the human system is the arena of various kinds of motions1 both of fluids and of solids1 and life and health depend upon these physiological movements4 ,there are the movements incident to respiration1 the expansion and contraction of the walls of the chest1 bringing the oxygen of the air into contact with the blood as it circulates through the lungs4 ,corresponding with the movements of the chest are the motions of the abdominal walls1 which promote the functions of the organs of the abdominal cavity4 ,there are motions of the heart and arteries1 which urge the blood out to the extremities and diffuse it through every part of the system1 and also motion of the blood in the capillaries1 by which the blood is circulated through the tissues1 that the latter may be built up from its nutritive constituents4 ,then there is the motion of the vital current in the veins returning towards the heart1 and urged forward by the muscular and pump-like action of the chest and abdominal walls4 ,the peristaltic motions of the stomach and bowels urge onward digesting materials1 exposing them successively to different solvents and aiding the absorption of nutritive matter4 ,no less essential to life and health are numerous other minute operations or motions1 on which vital power in all its manifestations of muscular and nervous energy depends4 ,many other motions are consequent upon decay1 growth1 and repair4 ,oxygen1 carbonic acid1 watery vapors1 and other gaseous matter are constantly being exchanged between the system and atmosphere4 ,then1 the human system being a complex1 chemical laboratory1 there are motions consequent upon chemical action1 constantly going on within it4 ,muscular motion1 under the direction of the will1 is also absolutely necessary for the maintenance of good health4 ,animal heat and muscular and nervous power are dependent upon motions of the minutest particles composing the body4 ,the body is composed of fluid and semi-fluid matter1 permitting great freedom of motion4 ,health requires that there shall be a constant change of place1 an active transmission of material to and from vital organs and parts1 through the medium of blood-vessels1 as well as outside such vessels2 that is1 motion of interstitial fluids4 ,,nature',s ,,mode ,,of ,,sustaining ,,health4 ,the act of transforming latent1 non-vital force which exists pent-up in food1 as heat is in coal1 into vital energy1 requires the simultaneous elimination from the system of a like amount of worn-out matter4 ,assimilation of nutritive materials is impossible1 unless a like amount of matter be eliminated from the system4 ,muscular and nervous energy are dependent upon activities which cause waste4 ,not only is this true in a general way1 but it is also true that the energy produced by the operations of the vital system has a strict relation to the wasting products--that full energy is only attained by perfected waste4 ,use1 waste1 and power1 then1 sustain definite and dependent or corresponding relations1 since waste is as essential to health as is supply4 ,without waste1 disturbance is at once produced in the system similar to that resulting from the introduction of foreign matter4 ,these disturbances constitute disease4 ,the more obvious effects of lack of waste and elimination are mechanical4 ,the circulation is loaded with effete and useless matter1 the vessels being thereby weakened and distended1 and the circulation retarded4 ,the capillaries become clogged and vital action is diminished4 ,local congestions1 inflammations1 effusions1 morbid growths1 and other pathological results follow4 ,deranged or suppressed action characterizes1 and1 indeed1 constitutes all departures from health which we call disease4 ,suffering indicates action1 but action which is perverted into wrong channels1 or action in one part at the expense of motion in other parts1 constituting a disturbance in the equilibrium of forces1 from which the system suffers4 ,,value ,,or ,,mechanical ,,movements ,,and ,,manipulations ,,for ,,the ,,treatment ,,of ,,chronic ,,diseases4 ,to correct and restore deranged movements1 thereby producing normal1 functional activity of every organ and part of the system1 must therefore be the chief object of the physician4 ,all remedies1 of whatever school or nature1 imply motion1 and depend for their efficacy upon their ability to excite motion in some one or more elements1 organs1 or parts of the system4 ,while we do not wish to detract from the real merits of medicine as a curative agent1 yet we must admit that the remedial power of motion1 transmitted either manually or mechanically1 is founded upon rational and physiological principles4 ,all systems of medicine1 however much they may differ superficially1 propose1 as the chief end to be attained by the administration of medicine1 or by other treatment1 that motions identical with physiological activity should be incited or promoted4 ,how best to accomplish this result1 and with least cost to vitality1 is an important consideration4 ,bearing in mind the conservation of forces1 that energy or power is as indestructible as matter1 that it may be changed into other forms but never lost1 it is plain that mechanical force may be applied to the living system and transformed into vital energy2 that chemical action1 animal heat1 and magnetism may represent in the system the mechanical force transmitted to the body4 ,keeping in view the transformable nature of force1 and the need that our systems have of auxiliary power in different departments1 when normal activity is impaired by disease1 we can readily understand how undoubted1 curative effects result from either the manual or the mechanical administration of motion4 ,,rubbing is a process universally employed by physicians of every school for the relief of a great diversity of distressing symptoms1 is instinctively resorted to by sympathizers and attendants upon the sick1 and constitutes one of the chief duties of the nurse4 ,uncivilized people resort to this process as their principal remedy in all forms of disease4 ,the difficulty in administering motion as a remedial agent by manual effort1 such as rubbing1 kneading1 oscillating1 flexing1 and extending the limbs1 lies in the impossibility of supplying the amount1 intensity1 and variety of movement required to make it most effective4 ,the power of the arm and the strength of the operator are exhausted before the desired effect is produced4 ,inventive genius has at last overcome the obstacles to the successful and perfect administration of motion as a curative agent4 ,we have now a series of machines propelled by mechanical power1 by the use of which we rub1 knead1 manipulate1 and apply in succession a great variety of movements to all parts of the body4 ,these machines transmit motion to the body from inexhaustible sources1 never tire1 but are ever ready for new1 remedial conquests4 ,the movements administered by their use1 while entirely under the control of the patient1 are never disagreeable1 and are far more rapid and intense than can possibly be given by the hands4 ,by the application of short1 quick movements of from twelve to fifteen hundred vibrations a minute1 deep-seated organs and parts are reached1 to which motion is transmitted and in which vital energy is thereby generated4 ,the hands have not the power1 by kneading1 manipulating1 or rubbing to impress the system except in a very mild degree1 and deep-seated organs and parts are scarcely influenced by the comparatively slow movements thus administered4 ,among the most important1 mechanical inventions devised for administering motion as a remedial agent1 is one which has received the name of the manipulator4 ,,the ,,manipulator4 ,with this machine motion can be applied to any organ or part of the system1 and intensity of the application regulated to a nicety4 ,the rapidity of motion necessary to produce active exhilaration of any part of the body is easily secured by the use of the manipulator1 but is far beyond the power of the hands4 ,the degree of circulation given to the fluids1 both inside and outside of the vessels1 and of energy imparted to the organs and parts operated upon by the manipulator1 is also unapproachable by the application of manual power4 ,,effects ,,upon ,,the ,,circulation ,,and ,,nutrition4 ,the influence of motion on these functions is as follows3 ,the contents of the blood-vessels are moved onward by the pressure and motion transmitted by the manipulator1 all backward movement of the blood being prevented by the valves of the veins and by the propelling power of the heart and arteries4 ,fluids outside these vessels pass through their walls1 to take the place of the stagnant blood that has been moved onward4 ,other blood flows into the part1 and thus active and healthy circulation is induced1 and nutritive material1 capable of affording vital support is also brought to refresh the local part4 ,we have found mechanical movements especially effectual in paralysis1 neuralgia1 sleeplessness1 and other nervous affections2 in derangements of the liver1 constipation1 and dyspepsia2 in displacements of the uterus1 and congestion1 and inflammation of the pelvic organs4 ,for a complete description of the mechanical movements and the machinery employed in the treatment of diseases at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 the reader is referred to the appendix to this work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,hygienic ,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,sick4 ,there are two essentials requisite to the successful treatment of the sick3 7#a47 ,medical skill2 7#b47 ,good nursing4 ,the former is necessary in order that the condition of the patient be fully understood1 and the proper means be employed to effect his recovery4 ,the latter is essential1 in order that all influences favoring the production and development of disease may be removed1 the tendencies to restoration be promoted by every possible means1 and the directions of the physician be properly observed4 ,success in the treatment of the sick requires good nursing4 ,without it1 the most skillful physicians fail to effect a cure2 with it1 the most unqualified may succeed4 ,if certain hygienic agencies are essential to the maintenance of health1 how much more necessary it is that they be employed in sickness6 ,if certain conditions cause disease1 how great the necessity is that such conditions be obviated and hygienic ones substituted6 ,notwithstanding the importance of good nursing1 in the rural districts it is frequently difficult to find a professional nurse1 or1 if one can be obtained1 it is often impossible for the invalid to procure such services1 on account of the expense which must necessarily be incurred4 ,hence1 this office usually devolves upon some relative who is considered to be the best qualified for the position2 or1 as is often the case1 necessity demands that the patient be left to a change of nurses4 ,a woman is generally selected for this important position4 ,her soft hand and soothing voice1 her kindly1 sympathetic1 and provident nature1 together with her scrupulous cleanliness1 render her man's equal1 if not his superior1 in the capacity of nurse4 ,there are circumstances1 however1 in which the services of a man are indispensable2 hence the necessity that all should be qualified to care for the sick4 ,a nurse should be attentive to the requirements of physician and patient1 for she sustains an intimate relation to both4 ,she should observe the directions of the physician1 and faithfully perform them4 ,she should note all the symptoms of the patient1 and do everything in her power to promote comfort and recovery4 ,she should anticipate the wishes1 and not cause the patient to ask for everything which is desired4 ,so far as practicable1 let the wishes be gratified4 ,the senses of the sick often become morbidly acute1 and those things which in health would pass unnoticed1 in sickness are so magnified as to occasion annoyance and vexation4 ,sick persons are not all alike1 and the peculiarities of each must be studied separately4 ,the nurse must be kind1 but firm1 and not yield to such whims of the patient as may be detrimental to recovery2 neither must she arouse dislike or anger by opposition1 but endeavor to win the patient from all delusions4 ,the feelings of the patient should never be trifled with1 for idealities become realities4 ,the nurse should possess an inexhaustible store of patience4 ,disease affects the mind of the patient and fills it with strange delusions4 ,the sick are often querulous1 fretful1 and unreasonable1 and should be treated with kindness1 forbearance1 and sympathy4 ,the nurse should always be cheerful1 look on the bright side of every circumstance1 animate them with encouragement1 and inspire them with hope4 ,hope is one of the best of tonics4 ,it stimulates the flagging1 vital energies1 and imparts new life to the weak and exhausted forces4 ,gloom1 sadness1 and despondency depress the vital forces and lead to death4 ,we have seen patients rapidly sinking1 who had given up all hope1 and were quietly awaiting the coming of death1 snatched1 as it were1 from its grasp1 and restored to health1 by words of cheer and encouragement4 ,the nurse should possess moral principles1 which alone can win the confidence of the patient4 ,she should have judgment1 circumspection1 intelligence1 forethought1 alacrity1 carefulness1 and neatness4 ,in a word she should exercise common sense4 ,we deem it but justice to say a word in behalf of the nurse4 ,she1 too1 is a human being1 subject to disease1 and1 unless hygienic conditions be observed1 will soon be stricken low by its presence4 ,she must be relieved occasionally and get rest1 or she cannot long withstand the combined influence of fatigue and disease4 ,her office is an arduous one at best1 and the long1 weary hours of night-watching should be compensated by exercise in the open air1 as well as by sleep during the day4 ,unless this be done1 the system will become exhausted1 and sleep will intrude itself upon her at the time when the greatest diligence is required for the welfare of the patient1 when the vital powers are at their lowest ebb4 ,she should be supplied with plenty of suitable food during the night1 to sustain her and to serve as a safeguard against the invasion of disease4 ,she should be treated with kindness and respect1 else her disposition may become morose and reflect itself upon the patient1 causing peevishness and despondency4 ,,the ,,sick-,,room should be as comfortable1 cheerful1 and pleasant1 as circumstances will allow4 ,let the room be large and airy1 and furnished with a stove1 or better still1 a fireplace4 ,all articles of clothing and furniture1 not necessary to the comfort of the patient1 should be removed from the room1 and in malignant or contagious diseases the carpets1 even1 should not be permitted to remain4 ,the surroundings beget happiness or gloom1 in proportion as they are pleasant or disagreeable4 ,a tidy attendant1 a few flowers and books1 wonderfully enhance the cheerfulness of the room4 ,permit no unnecessary accumulation of bottles1 or any thing that can in any way render the room unpleasant4 ,medicines1 drink1 or nourishment should never be left uncovered in the sick-room1 since they quickly absorb the gaseous emanations from the patient1 and become unfit for the purpose which they were intended to serve4 ,their presence gives the room an untidy appearance1 suggestive of filth and slovenliness1 and imparts to the patient a feeling of loathing and disgust for articles of diet4 ,,the ,,bed should not be of feathers1 on account of their undue warmth1 which causes a sensation of languor throughout the system4 ,a husk or sea-grass mattress1 or even a straw bed1 covered with a cotton quilt1 is far preferable4 ,the bedding should be changed frequently4 ,it is better that the bed should be away from the wall1 so as to admit of greater freedom of movement about it4 ,,pure ,,air4 ,the air in the sick-room should be kept as pure as possible4 ,that which is so necessary in health1 is indispensable in sickness4 ,the importance1 therefore1 of a perfect and free ventilation of the sick-room cannot be too thoroughly impressed2 and yet to properly secure this end1 may call forth a considerable amount of ingenuity on the part of the nurse4 ,a window should be open1 but the current of air must not be allowed to blow directly upon the patient4 ,one window may be raised from the bottom and another lowered from the top4 ,this will permit the entrance of pure air from without1 and the exit of the vitiated air from within4 ,the patient1 if sufficiently covered in bed1 is not liable to take cold from a proper ventilation of the room4 ,especially is this true1 when the bodily temperature is raised by febrile or inflammatory affections4 ,the temperature of a room is no indication of the purity of the air4 ,it is a prevalent1 but mistaken notion1 that when a room is cold1 the air must be pure4 ,cold air is as readily contaminated with impurities as warm air1 therefore1 it is not sufficient that the room be kept cool1 but the air should be frequently changed4 ,during convalescence1 great care is necessary to protect the patient from taking cold4 ,air which is admitted into the sick-room should not be contaminated by passing over foul drains1 privies1 or other sources of infection1 since1 instead of invigorating1 it depresses the physical forces and generates disease4 ,,light is as necessary to health as is pure air4 ,banish either for any continuous period of time1 and serious results follow4 ,the strong1 robust man1 when deprived of light1 soon degenerates into a feeble1 sickly being1 and finally dies4 ,according to the investigations of the ,massachusetts ,medical ,society1 it was found that absence of sunlight1 together with moisture1 not only favor the development of tubercular consumption1 but act as an exciting cause4 ,it is well known that persons living in shaded dwellings often suffer from forms of disease which resist all treatment until proper admission of light is secured4 ,the physician to the ,emperor of ,russia found upon examination that patients confined in well lighted wards1 were four times as liable to recover as were those in poorly lighted rooms4 ,children reared away from the sunlight are apt to be deformed and idiotic1 while those partially deformed have been restored by being admitted to the light4 ,patients sometimes wish to have their rooms darkened1 because the light is painful to their weak and sensitive eyes4 ,it is far better to shade the eyes and admit the sunlight into the room1 since its rays cause chemical changes to take place1 which favor the return of health4 ,many invalids can ascribe their recovery to the influence of a sun bath4 ,there are1 however1 conditions in which the patients should be screened from the light4 ,in such cases a little arrangement of the curtains or shutters will accomplish all that is to be desired4 ,patients convalescing from acute1 or suffering from chronic diseases1 should receive the influence of light in the open air1 and be in it several hours every day4 ,light and pure air stimulate a healthful development1 induce cheerfulness1 hope1 and recovery1 while darkness begets gloom1 sadness1 despondency1 disease1 and ultimately death4 ,,warmth is essential to the well-being of the patient1 and it is necessary that a proper temperature be maintained in the room4 ,except in very warm weather1 a little fire should be kept in the room1 and at the same time fresh air should be admitted from without1 and a uniform temperature thus preserved4 ,this arrangement is especially necessary in localities where great variations in temperature are experienced during the day and night4 ,the normal temperature of the body ranges from #ih to #ii ,fahr4 ,the minimum occurs from #b to #f ,a4,m42 the maximum1 from #a to #f ,p4,m4 ,the deviation of a few degrees from this standard indicates disease1 and the greater the deviation1 the greater is its severity4 ,during the early stages of acute diseases1 the animal heat is generally increased1 and should be allayed by bathing1 and cooling or acidulated drinks4 ,in the latter stages1 the temperature becomes diminished and the condition of the system is favorable to congestions1 which are most likely to occur between the hours of #b and #f ,a4,m41 when the vital powers are lowest4 ,the patient then becomes feeble1 his extremities grow cold1 and he has what is termed a sinking spell1 and perhaps dies4 ,it is during these hours that additional covering1 the application of hot bricks to the feet1 and bottles of hot water to the limbs and body1 friction upon the surface1 stimulating drinks1 and increased vigilance on the part of the nurse will often save the patient's life4 ,but1 unfortunately1 at these hours the nurse is apt to get sleepy and inattentive1 the demands of the patient go unheeded1 and a sacrifice of life is the result4 ,persons suffering from chronic diseases1 or those in feeble health1 should preserve their vital energies by dressing warmly1 by wearing flannels next to the skin1 and by carefully protecting the feet from cold and moisture4 ,,cleanliness cannot be too thoroughly impressed upon the minds of those who have the care of the sick4 ,filthiness is productive of disease and favorable to its development4 ,bathing at least once a day1 with pure1 soft water and toilet-soap1 is strongly urged1 and as this is designed for cleanliness1 the temperature of the bath should be made agreeable to the patient4 ,,the ,,clothing ,,and ,,bedding ,,of ,,the ,,patient in acute diseases1 should be changed frequently and thoroughly aired1 if not washed4 ,as soon as removed1 these articles should be taken from the room1 replaced by others well aired and warmed4 ,the hands and face of the patient should be bathed frequently1 the hair combed1 the teeth brushed1 the nails cleaned1 the lips moistened1 and everything about him kept clean and tidy4 ,these observances1 although in themselves trifling1 promote comfort and cheerfulness1 and contribute largely to the recovery of the sick4 ,all excretions from the patient should be buried1 and not committed to privies to communicate disease to those who frequent them4 ,,the ,,diet contains a very important relation to health4 ,during the process of acute disease1 the appetite is generally much impaired1 if not entirely absent4 ,it should then be the study of the nurse to devise such articles of nourishment as will be acceptable to the patient and suitable to the condition4 ,the food should be light1 nutritious1 and easy of digestion4 ,each individual disease requires a diet adapted to its peculiarities4 ,those of an inflammatory character require an unstimulating diet1 as gruel1 barley-water1 toast1 etc4 ,an exhausted or enfeebled condition of the brain1 unattended by irritability1 demands a stimulating diet1 as beef1 eggs1 fish1 ,graham bread1 oysters1 etc4 ,in wasting diseases1 in which the temperature of the system is low1 beef1 fatty substances1 rich milk1 sweet cream1 and other carbonaceous articles of diet are recommended4 ,in the various forms of chronic ailments1 the diet must be varied according to the nature of the disease and the peculiarities of the patient4 ,deranged digestion is generally an accompaniment of chronic disease4 ,a return to normal digestion should be encouraged by selecting appropriate articles of food1 paying due regard to its quantity and quality1 as well as to the manner and time of eating4 ,the appearance of food1 and the manner in which it is offered1 have much to do with its acceptance1 or rejection by the patient4 ,let the nourishment be presented in a nice1 clean dish1 of a size and shape appropriate to the quantity4 ,more food than can be eaten by the patient should not be placed before him at one time1 since a great quantity excites disgust and loathing4 ,in taking nourishment1 drink1 or medicine1 the patient1 if feeble1 should not be obliged to change his position4 ,,milk is one of the most important foods in fevers and acute diseases attended with great prostration1 and in which the digestive powers are enfeebled4 ,it contains within itself all the elements of nutrition4 ,,beef ,,tea furnishes an excellent nourishment for the sick1 but there are few1 even among professional nurses who know how to properly prepare it4 ,we give three good recipes4 ,one method is to chip up lean beef1 put it in a porcelain or tin saucepan1 cover it with cold water1 and bring it up to just below the boiling point1 at which temperature retain it for ten minutes1 then season and serve4 ,another method is similar to the foregoing1 with this difference1 that the juices of the meat are squeezed through a piece of muslin or crash1 making the tea richer4 ,another way1 which we consider preferable to either of the above1 is to take lean beef1 cut it into fine bits1 put them in a tightly covered vessel1 which is placed in a kettle of water kept boiling4 ,thus the whole strength of the juice will be obtained from the meat without losing any of its properties4 ,it can be seasoned to the taste1 and reduced with water to suit the needs of the patient4 ,,sleep is ,nature's grand restorer1 a balm to all mankind2 the best comforter of that sad heart whom fortune's spite assails4 ,it is necessary in health1 and doubly so in sickness4 ,during sleep1 the vital energies recuperate1 the forces are less rapidly expended1 and the strength increases4 ,it is the great source of rest and refreshment4 ,often a day's rest in bed1 free from the cares and anxieties of an active life1 is sufficient to ward off the approach of disease4 ,if quiet and rest are essential to recuperation in health1 their necessity in disease must be apparent4 ,life frequently depends on tranquility and repose1 and the least noise or confusion disturbs the sufferer and diminishes the chances of recovery4 ,nothing annoys sick or nervous persons more than whispering and the rustling of newspapers4 ,if conversation be necessary1 let the tones be modified1 but never whisper4 ,in sickness1 when the vital forces are low1 the more natural rest and sleep the patient obtains1 the greater is the prospect for recovery4 ,as a rule1 a patient should never be awakened when sleeping quietly1 not even to take medicine1 unless in extreme cases4 ,if the patient does not sleep1 the cause should be ascertained and the appropriate remedies employed2 if it arise from rush of blood to the head1 cooling lotions should be applied1 and warmth to the feet2 if1 from restlessness or general irritability1 a sponge bath1 followed by friction should be administered2 if the wakefulness is due to noise or confusion1 quiet is the remedy4 ,when these means fail1 anodynes1 or nervines1 should be employed4 ,lying on the side instead of on the back should be practiced4 ,patients afflicted with chronic diseases1 on rising1 should take a cold bath1 dry the surface quickly with a coarse towel1 followed by friction with the hand4 ,great benefit may be derived by following these suggestions when the nature of the disease is not such as to forbid it4 ,,exercise and rest necessarily alternate with each other4 ,exercise1 so necessary to health1 in many forms of disease greatly contributes to recovery4 ,it sends the sluggish blood coursing through the veins and arteries with increased force and rapidity1 so that it reaches every part of the system1 supplying it with nourishment4 ,it increases the waste of old material and creates a demand for new4 ,convalescing patients1 or those suffering from chronic diseases1 whenever the weather will permit1 should take exercise every day in the open air4 ,this should be done with regularity4 ,the amount of exercise must be regulated by the strength of the patient2 never take so much as to produce fatigue1 but1 as the strength increases1 the exercise may be increased proportionately4 ,some interesting employment1 commensurate with the patient's strength1 should be instituted1 so that the mind may be agreeably occupied with the body4 ,when unable to take active exercise1 the invalid1 properly protected by sufficient clothing1 should ride in a carriage or boat1 and each day a new route should be chosen1 so that a change of scenery may be observed1 thus arousing new trains of thought1 which will be exhilarating and prove beneficial to him4 ,,sexual ,,influences4 ,during the progress of disease or convalescence1 entire continence must be observed4 ,it is then necessary that all of the vital energies should be employed in effecting a recovery from disease1 without having the additional tax imposed of overcoming the debilitating effects of sexual expenditure4 ,this holds true with regard to all diseases1 and especially those of the nervous system and genitourinary organs4 ,,visiting ,,the ,,sick may be productive of good or evil results4 ,mental impressions made upon the sick exert a powerful influence upon the termination of disease4 ,the chances of recovery are in proportion to the elevation or depression of spirits4 ,pleasant1 cheerful associations animate the patient1 inspire hope1 arouse the vital energies1 and aid in his recovery2 while disagreeable and melancholy associations beget sadness and despondency1 discourage the patient1 depress the vital powers1 enfeeble the body1 and retard recovery4 ,unless persons who visit the sick can carry with them joy1 hope1 mirth1 and animation1 they had better stay away4 ,this applies equally in acute and chronic diseases4 ,it does not matter what a visitor may think with regard to the patient's recovery1 an unfavorable opinion should never find expression in the sick-room4 ,life hangs upon a brittle thread1 and often that frail support is hope4 ,cheer the sick by words of encouragement1 and the hold on life will be strengthened2 discourage1 by uttering such expressions as1 ,how bad you look6 ,why1 how you have failed since ,i saw you last6 ,i would have another doctor2 one who knows something6 ,you can't live long if you don't get help6 etc41 and the tie which binds them to earth is snapped asunder4 ,the visitor becomes a murderer6 ,let all persons be guided by this rule3 ,never go into the sick-room without carrying with you a few rays of sunshine6 ,if the patient is very weak the visitor may injure him by staying too long4 ,the length of the visit should be graduated according to the strength of the invalid4 ,never let the sufferer be wearied by too frequent or too lengthy visits1 nor by having too many visitors at once4 ,above all things1 do not confine your visitations to ,sunday4 ,many do this and give themselves credit for an extra amount of piety on account of it1 when1 if they would scrutinize their motives more carefully1 they would see that it was but a contemptible resort to save time4 ,the sick are often grossly neglected during the week only to be visited to death upon ,sunday4 ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,tobacco ,,and ,,opium4 ,the recovery of the sick is often delayed1 sometimes entirely prevented1 by the habitual use of tobacco or opium4 ,in acute diseases1 the appetite for tobacco is usually destroyed by the force of the disease1 and its use is1 of necessity1 discontinued2 but in chronic ailments1 the appetite remains unchanged1 and the patient continues his indulgence greatly to the aggravation of the malady4 ,the use of tobacco is a pernicious habit in whatever form it is introduced into the system4 ,its active principle1 ,nicotin1 which is an energetic poison1 exerts its specific effect on the nervous system1 tending to stimulate it to an unnatural degree of activity1 the final result of which is weakness1 or even paralysis4 ,the horse1 under the action of whip and spur1 may exhibit great spirit and rapid movements1 but urge him beyond his strength with these agents1 and you inflict a lasting injury4 ,withhold the stimulants1 and the drooping head and moping pace indicate the sad reaction which has taken place4 ,this illustrates the evils of habitually exciting the nerves by the use of tobacco1 opium1 narcotic or other drugs4 ,under their action1 the tone of the system is greatly impaired1 and it responds more feebly to the influence of curative agents4 ,tobacco itself1 when its use becomes habitual and excessive1 gives rise to the most unpleasant and dangerous pathological conditions4 ,oppressive torpor1 weakness or loss of intellect1 softening of the brain1 paralysis1 nervous debility1 dyspepsia1 functional derangement of the heart1 and diseases of the liver and kidneys are not uncommon consequences of the excessive employment of this plant4 ,a sense of faintness1 nausea1 giddiness1 dryness of the throat1 tremblings1 feelings of fear1 disquietude1 and general nervous prostration must frequently warn persons addicted to this habit that they are sapping the very foundation of health4 ,under the continued operation of a poison1 inducing such symptoms as these1 what chance is there for remedies to accomplish their specific action8 ,with the system already thoroughly charged with an influence antagonistic to their own1 and which is sure to neutralize their effect1 what good can medicine do8 ,dr4 ,king says1 ,a patient under treatment should give up the use of tobacco1 or his physician should assume no responsibility in his case1 further than to do the best he can for him4 ,in our own extensive experience in the treatment of chronic diseases1 we have often found it necessary to resort to the same restriction4 ,the opium habit1 to which allusion has also been made1 is open to the same objections1 and must be abandoned by all who would seek recovery4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,part ,,iv4 ,,diseases ,,and ,,their ,,remedial ,,treatment4 ,,introduction4 ,knowledge which is conducive to self-preservation is of primary importance4 ,that great educator1 profound thinker1 and vigorous writer1 ,herbert ,spencer1 has pertinently said that1 ,as vigorous health and its accompanying high spirits1 are larger elements of happiness than any other things whatever1 the teaching how to maintain them is a teaching that yields to no other whatever4 ,and therefore we assert that such a course of physiology as is needful for the comprehension of its general truths and their bearings on daily conduct is an all-essential part of a rational education4 ,believing that the diffusion of knowledge for the prevention of disease is quite as noble a work as the alleviation of physical suffering by medical skill1 we have devoted a large portion of this volume to the subjects of physiology and hygiene4 ,these we have endeavored to present in as familiar a style as possible1 that they may be understood by every reader4 ,freely as we have received light upon these subjects have we endeavored to reflect it again1 in hopes that a popular presentation of these matters made plain and easy of comprehension to all people1 may lead the masses into greater enjoyment of life--the result of a better preservation of health4 ,this we do in part as a public acknowledgment of our obligations to society1 to whom every professional man is a debtor4 ,he belongs to it1 is a part of its common stock1 and should give as well as receive advantages1 return as well as accept benefits4 ,we know of no better way to signify our appreciation of the public confidence and patronage1 so generously accorded to us1 than to offer this volume to the people at a price less than the actual cost for an edition of ordinary size4 ,this we do as a token of the cordial reciprocation of their good will4 ,in giving to the people wholesome advice1 by which they may be enabled to ward off disease and thus preserve the health of multitudes1 we believe we shall receive their hearty approval1 as well as the approbation of our own conscience1 both of which are certainly munificent rewards4 ,we believe that good deeds are always rewarded1 and that the physician who prevents sickness manifests a genuine and earnest devotion to the common interests of humanity4 ,we have no respect for the motives of those medical men who would withhold that information from the people which will direct the masses how to take care of themselves1 and thereby prevent much sickness and suffering4 ,nor is the diffusion of such knowledge antagonistic to the best interests of the true and competent physician4 ,the necessity for his invaluable services can no more be set aside by popularizing physiological1 hygienic1 and medical truths1 than we can dispense with those of the minister and lawyer by the inculcation of the principles of morality in our public schools4 ,the common schools do not lessen the necessity for colleges or universities1 but rather contribute to their prosperity4 ,nor are we so presumptuous as to anticipate that we could possibly make this volume so instructive as to render every man his own physician4 ,no man can with advantage be his own lawyer1 carpenter1 tailor1 and printer2 much less can he hope to artfully repair his own constitution when shattered by grave maladies1 which not only impair the physical functions1 but weaken and derange the mental faculties4 ,what physician presumes to prescribe for himself1 when suddenly prostrated by serious illness8 ,he very sensibly submits to the treatment of another1 because he realizes that sickness impairs his judgment1 and morbid sensations mislead and unfit him for the exercise of his skill4 ,if this is true of the physician1 with how much greater force does it apply to the unprofessional6 ,if a sick sea-captain is unfit to stand at the helm and direct his ship1 how utterly incompetent must the raw sailor be when similarly disqualified6 ,nor is the physician as competent to treat those near and dear to him1 when they are suffering from dangerous illness1 as another medical man not similarly situated1 whose judgment is not liable to be misled by intense anxiety and affectionate sympathy4 ,notwithstanding all these facts1 however1 a knowledge on the part of the unprofessional1 of something more than physiology and hygiene1 and appertaining more closely to medicine proper1 will many times prove valuable4 ,in the first stage of many acute affections which1 if unheeded1 gradually assume a threatening aspect1 endangering life and demanding the services of the most skilled physician to avert fatal results1 the early administration of some common domestic remedy1 such as a cathartic1 or a diaphoretic herb1 associated with a warm bath1 a spirit vapor-bath1 or a hot foot-bath1 will very often obviate the necessity for calling a family physician1 and frequently save days and weeks of sickness and suffering4 ,so1 likewise1 are there numerous1 acute diseases of a milder character which are easily and unmistakably recognized without the possession of great medical knowledge1 and which readily yield to plain1 simple1 medical treatment which is within the ready reach of all who strive to acquaint themselves with the rudiments of medical science4 ,but in sudden and painful attacks of acute disease1 life may be suddenly and unexpectedly jeopardized1 and immediate relief prove necessary4 ,while under these circumstances the prompt application of such domestic treatment as good common-sense may dictate1 guided by a knowledge of those first principles of medical learning which we shall hereafter endeavor to make plain1 may result in speedy and happy relief1 yet at the same time there should be no delay in summoning a competent physician to the bedside of the sufferer4 ,then1 and not the least important1 there are the various chronic or lingering diseases1 from all of which few individuals indeed1 who pass the meridian of life1 entirely escape4 ,in this class of ailments there is generally no immediate danger1 and1 therefore1 time may be taken by the invalid for studying his disease and employing those remedies which are best suited for its removal4 ,or1 if of a dangerous or complicated character1 and1 therefore1 not so readily understood1 he may consult either personally or by letter1 some learned and well-known physician1 who makes a specialty of the treatment of such cases1 and whose large experience enables him to excel therein4 ,in consideration1 therefore1 of the foregoing facts1 we deem it most profitable for our readers that ,part ,fourth of this volume should be arranged in the following manner3 ,the milder forms of uncomplicated1 acute diseases1 which may be readily and unmistakably recognized1 and successfully managed without professional aid1 will receive that attention which is necessary to give the reader a correct idea of them1 and their proper remedial treatment4 ,we shall devote only such attention to the severe and hazardous forms of acute diseases as is necessary in order to consider their initial stage1 with their proper treatment1 not attempting to trace their numerous complications1 or portray the many pathological conditions which are liable to be developed4 ,for1 even by devoting much space to the latter1 we could not expect to qualify our unprofessional readers for successfully treating such obscure and dangerous conditions4 ,we shall devote the largest amount of space to a careful and thorough consideration of those chronic diseases1 which1 by a little study1 may be readily recognized and understood by the masses1 and for the cure of which we shall suggest such hygienic treatment and domestic remedies as may be safely employed by all who are in quest of relief4 ,in the more dangerous1 obscure1 or complicated forms of chronic diseases1 the correct diagnosis and successful treatment of which tax all the skill possessed by the experienced specialist1 the invalid will not be misled into the dangerous policy of relying upon his own judgment and treatment1 but will be counseled not to postpone until too late1 the employment of a skillful physician4 ,the apportionment of space which is made in considering the various diseases and their different stages1 as well as the course which the people are advised to pursue under the different circumstances of affliction1 is not always in accordance with the plans and recommendations which have been made by others who have written works on domestic medicine4 ,most of these authors have attempted1 by lengthy disquisitions1 to teach their readers how to treat themselves without the services of a physician1 even in the most hazardous forms of disease4 ,in such dangerous maladies as typhoid1 typhus1 yellow1 and scarlet fevers1 typhoid pneumonia1 and many others1 in which life is imminently imperiled1 such instruction and advice is decidedly reprehensible1 as it may lead to the most serious consequences4 ,we are confident1 therefore1 that the manner of disposing of the different subjects which are discussed in the succeeding chapters1 and the course of action which is advised1 will commend themselves to our readers as being such as are calculated to promote and subserve their best interests4 ,,medical ,,diagnosis4 ,skill in the art of healing is indicated in three ways3 7#a47 by ascertaining the symptoms1 seat1 and nature of the disease1 which is termed diagnosis2 7#b47 by foretelling the probable termination1 which is termed prognosis2 7#c47 by the employment of efficacious and appropriate remedies1 which is called treatment4 ,of these three requisites to a prosperous issue1 nothing so distinguishes the expert and accomplished physician from the mere pretender as his ready ability to interpret correctly1 the location1 extent1 and character of an affection from its symptoms4 ,by medical diagnosis1 then1 is understood the discrimination between diseases by certain symptoms which are distinguishing signs4 ,every malady is accompanied by its characteristic indications1 some of which are diagnostic1 i4e41 they particularize the affection and distinguish it from all others4 ,medical diagnosis is both a science and an art2 a science when the causes and symptoms of a disease are understood1 and an art when this knowledge can be applied to determine its location and exact nature4 ,science presents the general principles of practice2 art detects among the characteristic symptoms the differential signs1 and applies the remedy4 ,da ,costa aptly remarks3 ,no one aspiring to become a skillful observer can trust exclusively to the light reflected from the writings of others2 he must carry the torch in his own hands1 and himself look into every recess4 ,the critical investigation of symptoms1 with the view of ascertaining their signs1 is essential to successful practice4 ,without closely observing them1 we cannot accurately trace out the diagnosis1 and a failure to detect the right disease is apt to be followed by the use of wrong medicines4 ,general diagnosis considers the surroundings of the patient as well as the actual manifestations of the disease4 ,it takes into account the diathesis1 i4e41 the predisposition to certain diseases in consequence of peculiarities of constitution4 ,we recognize constitutional tendencies1 which may be indicated by the contour of the body1 its growth1 stature1 and temperament1 since all these facts greatly modify the treatment4 ,likewise the sex1 age1 climate1 habits1 occupation1 previous diseases1 as well as the present condition1 must be taken into account4 ,auscultation1 as practiced in detecting disease1 consists in listening to the sounds which can be heard in the chest4 ,percussion consists in striking upon a part with the view of appreciating the sound which results4 ,the part may be struck directly with the tips of the fingers1 but more generally one or more fingers of the other hand are interposed between the points of the fingers and the part to be percussed1 that they1 instead of the naked chest1 may receive the blow2 or1 instead of the fingers1 a flat piece of bone or ivory1 called a pleximeter1 is placed upon the chest to receive the blow4 ,latterly1 improved instruments greatly assist the practitioner of medicine in perfecting this art4 ,the microscope assists the eye1 and helps to reveal the appearance and character of the excretions1 detecting morbid degenerations2 chemistry discloses the composition of the urine1 which also indicates the morbid alterations occurring in the system2 by percussion we can determine the condition of an internal organ1 from the sound given when the external surface is percussed2 the ear1 with the aid of the stethoscope1 detects the strange murmurs of respiration1 the fainter1 more unnatural pulsations of life1 and the obscurer workings of disease2 with the spirometer we determine the breathing capacity of the lungs1 and thus ascertain the extent of the inroads made by disease2 the dynamometer records the lifting ability of the patient2 the thermometer indicates the morbid variation in the bodily temperature2 various instruments inform us of the structural changes causing alterations in the specific gravity of fluids1 e4g41 the urinometer indicates those occurring in the urine2 and thus1 as the facilities for correct diagnosis increase1 the art of distinguishing and classifying diseases becomes more perfect1 and their treatment more certain4 ,while physiology treats of all the natural functions1 pathology treats of lesions and altered conditions4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #adf4 ,dr4 ,brown's ,spirometer4 ,by the term symptoms we mean the evidence of some morbid effect or change occurring in the human body1 and it requires close observation and well-instructed experience to convert these symptoms into diagnostic signs4 ,suppose ,old ,probabilities 7as we commonly designate the invaluable ,signal ,department7 hangs out his warning tokens all along our lake borders and ocean coasts2 our sailors behold the fluttering symbols indicating an approaching storm1 but if no one understood their meaning1 a fearful disaster might follow4 ,but if these signals are understood1 a safe harbor is sought and the mariner is protected4 ,so disease may hang out all her signals of distress1 in order that they may be seen1 but unless correctly interpreted1 and a remedial harbor is sought1 these symptoms are of little practical value4 ,undoubtedly the reason why so many symptom-doctors blunder is because they prescribe according to the apparent symptoms1 without any real reference to the nature of the affection4 ,they fail to discover how far a symptom points out the seat1 and also the progress of a disease4 ,they do not distinguish the relative importance of the different symptoms4 ,the practical purpose of all science is to skillfully apply knowledge to salutary and profitable uses4 ,the patient himself may carefully note the indications1 but it is only the expert physician who can tell the import of each symptom4 ,symptoms are within every one's observation1 but only the physician knows the nature and value of signs4 ,we have read an anecdote of ,galen1 who was a distinguished physician in his day1 which illustrates the distinction between sign and symptom4 ,once1 when dangerously ill1 he overheard two of his friends in attendance upon him recount his symptoms1 such as ,redness of the face1 a dejected1 haggard1 and inflamed appearance1 etc4 ,he cried out to them to adopt every necessary measure forthwith1 as he was threatened with delirium4 ,the two friends saw the symptoms well enough2 but it was only ,galen himself1 though the patient1 who was able to deduce the sign of delirium--that is1 he alone was able to translate those symptoms into signs4 ,to determine the value of symptoms1 as signs of disease1 requires close observation4 ,,interpretation ,,of ,,symptoms4 ,we shall refer to a few symptoms which any unprofessional reader may readily observe and understand4 ,,position ,,of ,,patient4 ,when a patient is disposed to lie upon his back continually during the progress of an acute disease1 it is a sign of muscular debility4 ,if he manifests no desire to change his position1 or cannot do so1 and becomes tremulous at the least effort1 it indicates general prostration4 ,when this position is assumed1 during the progress of continued fever1 and is accompanied by involuntary twitching of the muscles1 picking of the bed-clothes1 etc41 then danger is imminent and the patient is sinking4 ,fever1 resulting from local inflammation1 does not produce muscular prostration1 and the patient seldom or never assumes the supine position4 ,if this inflammation is in the extremities1 those parts are elevated1 in order to lessen the pressure of the blood1 which a dependent1 position increases4 ,for example1 let us change the scene1 and introduce a patient with head and shoulders elevated1 who prefers to sit up1 and who places his hands behind him and leans back1 or leans forward resting his arms and head upon a chair4 ,the next week he is worse1 and no longer tries to lie in bed1 but sits up all the time2 note the anxious expression of countenance1 the difficult or hurried breathing1 the dry and hacking cough1 and observe that the least exertion increases the difficulty of respiration and causes palpitation of the heart4 ,these plain symptoms signify thoracic effusion1 the collection of water about the lungs4 ,,the ,,countenance displays diagnostic symptoms of disease4 ,in simple1 acute fevers1 the eyes and face are red and the respiration is hurried2 but in acute1 sympathetic fever1 these signs are wanting4 ,we cannot forget the pale1 sharp1 contracted1 and pinched features of those patients whose nostrils contract and expand alternately with the acts of respiration4 ,how hard it was for them to breathe4 ,the contraction and expansion of the nostrils indicate active congestion of the lungs4 ,as a general rule1 chronic inflammation of the stomach1 duodenum1 liver1 and adjacent organs1 imparts a gloomy expression to the countenance1 at the same time the eye is dull1 the skin dusky or yellow1 and the motions are slow4 ,but in lung diseases1 the spirits are buoyant1 the skin is fair1 and the cheeks flushed with fever and distinctly circumscribed with white1 for delicacy and contrast1 almost exceed the hues of health in beauty4 ,note1 too1 the pearly lustre and sparkling light of the eye1 the quivering motion of the lips and chin1 all signs of pulmonary disease4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,sexual ,,abuse is plainly told by the downcast countenance1 the inability to look a person fairly in the face1 the peculiar lifting of the upper lip and the furtive glance of the eye4 ,the state of the mind and of the nervous system corroborates this evidence1 for there seems to be a desire to escape from conversation and to elude society4 ,the mind seems engrossed and abstracted1 the individual appears absorbed in a constant meditation1 he is forgetful and loses nearly all interest in the ordinary affairs of life4 ,the whole appearance of a patient1 suffering from spermatorrhea1 is perfectly understood by the experienced physician1 for the facial expressions1 state of mind1 and movements of the body1 all unconsciously betray1 and unitedly proclaim his condition4 ,,tongue4 ,much may be learned from the appearance1 color1 and form of the tongue1 and the manner of its protrusion4 ,if pale1 moist1 and coated white1 it indicates a mild1 febrile condition of the system4 ,if coated in the center1 and the sides look raw1 it indicates gastric irritation4 ,if red and raw1 or dry and cracked1 it is a sign of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach4 ,if the inflammation is in the large intestine1 the tip of the tongue presents a deep red color1 while the middle is loaded with a dark brown coating4 ,when the tongue is elongated and pointed1 quickly protruded and withdrawn1 it indicates irritation of the nerve-centers1 as well as of the stomach and bowels4 ,if tremulous1 it denotes congestion and lack of functional ability2 this may be observed in congestive fevers4 ,,pulse4 ,usually the pulse beats four times during one respiration1 but both in health and disease its frequency may be accelerated or retarded4 ,in adults1 there are from sixty-five to seventy-five beats in a minute1 and yet in a few instances we have found1 in health1 only forty pulsations per minute4 ,but when the heart beats from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and forty times a minute1 there is reason to apprehend danger1 and the case should receive the careful attention of a physician4 ,irregularity of the pulse may be caused by disease of the brain1 heart1 stomach1 or liver2 by the disordered condition of the nervous system2 by lack of muscular nutrition1 as in gout1 rheumatism1 or convulsions2 by deficiency of the heart's effective power1 when the pulse-wave does not reach the wrist1 or when it intermits and then becomes more rapid in consequence of septic changes of the blood1 as in diphtheria1 erysipelas1 and eruptive fevers4 ,,pain4 ,the import of pain depends on its seat1 intensity1 nature1 and duration4 ,an acute1 intense pain usually indicates inflammation of a nerve as well as the adjacent parts4 ,sharp1 shooting1 lancinating pains occur in inflammation of the serous tissues1 as in pleurisy4 ,a smarting1 stinging pain attends inflammation of the mucous membrane4 ,acute pain is generally remittent and not fixed to one spot4 ,dull1 heavy pain is more persistent1 and is present in congestions1 or when the substance of an organ is inflamed1 and it often precedes hemorrhage4 ,burning pain characterizes violent inflammations involving the skin and subjacent cellular tissue1 as in case of boils and carbuncles4 ,deep1 perforating pain accompanies inflammation of the bones1 or of their enveloping membranes4 ,gnawing1 biting1 lancinating pain attends cancers4 ,the location of pain is not always at the seat of the disease4 ,in hip-disease1 the pain is not first felt in the hip1 but in the knee-joint4 ,in chronic inflammation of the liver1 the pain is generally most severe in the right shoulder and arm4 ,disease of the kidneys occasionally produces numbness of the thigh and drawing up of the testicle1 and commonly causes colicky pains4 ,inflammation of the meninges of the brain is often indicated by nausea and vomiting before attention is directed to the head4 ,these illustrations are sufficient to show that pain often takes place in some part remote from the disease4 ,in chronic1 abdominal affections1 rheumatic fevers1 gout1 and syphilis1 the entire system is thrown into a morbid state1 the nervous system is disturbed1 and wandering pains manifest themselves in different parts of the body4 ,fixed pain1 which is increased by pressure1 indicates inflammation4 ,if it be due only to irritation1 pressure will not increase it4 ,some rheumatic affections and neuralgia not only bear pressure1 but the pain diminishes under it4 ,permanent pain shows that the structures of an organ are inflamed1 while intermittent pain is a sign of neuralgia1 gout1 or rheumatism4 ,absence of pain in any disease1 where ordinarily it should be present1 is an unfavorable sign4 ,internal pain1 after a favorable crisis1 is a bad omen4 ,or1 if pains cease suddenly without the other symptoms abating1 the import is bad4 ,if1 however1 pain and fever remit simultaneously and the secretions continue1 it is a favorable sign4 ,a dull pain in the head indicates fullness of the blood-vessels from weakness1 low blood1 or general debility4 ,it may be caused by taking cold1 thus producing passive congestion of the brain4 ,it may proceed from gastric disturbance1 constipation of the bowels1 or derangement of the liver4 ,heaviness of the head sometimes precedes inflammation of the brain1 or chronic disease of its membranes4 ,a dull1 oppressive pain in the head indicates softening of the brain1 and is generally accompanied by slowness of the pulse and of the speech4 ,a pulsating pain of the head occurs in heart disease1 hysteria1 and frequently accompanies some forms of insanity4 ,,the ,,eye indicates morbid changes and furnishes unmistakable signs of disease4 ,sinking of the eye indicates waste1 as in consumption1 diarrhea1 and cholera4 ,in fevers it is regarded as a fatal symptom4 ,a dark or leaden circle around the eye1 seen after hard work1 indicates fatigue and overdoing4 ,if the mucous covering of the inner surface of the lids and the ball of the eye is congested and inflamed1 it exhibits redness1 and may indicate congestion or even inflammation of the brain4 ,a dilated pupil is often observed in catarrhal consumption1 congestion of the brain1 low fevers1 and chlorosis4 ,the pupil contracts in inflammation of the meninges1 when there is increased sensibility and intolerance of light1 also in spinal complaints4 ,in some diseases the lustre of the eye increases1 as in consumption4 ,but if it decreases with the attack of violent disease1 it indicates great debility and prostration4 ,,examination ,,of ,,the ,,urine4 ,all medical authors and physicians of education1 freely admit and even insist upon the importance of critically examining the patient's urine1 in all cases in which there is reason to suspect disease of the kidneys or bladder4 ,in chronic affections it is particularly serviceable1 especially in derangements of the liver1 blood1 kidneys1 bladder1 prostate gland1 and nervous system4 ,many scholarly physicians have sadly neglected the proper inspection of the urine1 because they were afraid of being classed with the illiterate uroscopian doctors1 or fanatical enthusiasts1 who ignorantly pretend to diagnose correctly all diseases in this manner1 thus subjecting themselves and their claims to ridicule4 ,nothing should deter one from giving to this excretion the attention it deserves4 ,the urine which is voided when the system is deranged or diseased is altered in its color and composition1 showing that its ingredients vary greatly4 ,so important an aid do examinations of the urine furnish in diagnosing many chronic ailments1 that at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 where many thousands of cases are annually treated1 a chemical laboratory has been fitted up1 and a skillful chemist is employed1 who makes a specialty of examining the urine1 both chemically and microscopically1 and reporting the result to the attending physicians4 ,his extended experience renders his services invaluable4 ,with his assistance1 maladies which had hitherto baffled all efforts put forth to determine their true character1 have frequently been quickly and unmistakably disclosed4 ,,microscopical ,,examination4 ,this method of examination affords a quicker and more correct idea of a deposit or deposits than any other method4 ,the expert1 by simply looking at a specimen1 can determine the character of the urine1 whether blood1 mucus1 pus1 uric acid1 etc41 are present or not4 ,but when no deposit is present1 then it is necessary to apply chemical tests1 and in many cases the quantity of the suspected ingredient must be determined by analysis4 ,as a detailed account1 of the various modifications which the urine undergoes in different diseases1 would be of no practical use to the masses1 since they could not avail themselves of the advantages which it would afford for correct diagnosis1 except by the employment of a physician who does not ignore this aid in examining his patients1 we shall omit all further details upon the subject4 ,for the same reason we shall not often1 in treating of the different diseases in which examinations of the urine furnish such valuable aid in forming a diagnosis1 make mention of the changes which are likely to have occurred4 ,,inflammation4 ,the term ,inflammation signifies a state in which the infected part is hotter1 redder1 more congested1 and more painful than is natural4 ,inflammation is limited to certain parts1 while fever influences the system generally4 ,inflammation gives rise to new formations1 morbid products1 and lesions1 or alterations of structure4 ,the morbid products of fever1 and its modification of fluids are carried away by the secretions and excretions4 ,the susceptibility of the body to inflammation maybe natural or acquired4 ,it is natural when it is constitutional2 that is1 when there is an original tendency of the animal economy to manifest itself in some form of inflammation4 ,we may notice that some children are far more subject to boils1 croups1 and erysipelatous diseases than others4 ,this susceptibility1 when innate1 may be lessened by careful medication1 although it may never be wholly eradicated4 ,when acquired1 it is the result of the influence of habits of life1 climate1 and the state of mind over the constitution ,phlegmonous inflammation is the active inflammation of the cellular membrane1 one illustration of which is a common boil4 ,the four principal symptoms are redness1 swelling1 heat1 and pain2 and then appears a conical1 hard1 circumscribed tumor1 having its seat in the dermoid texture4 ,at the end of an indefinite period1 it becomes pointed1 white or yellow1 and discharges pus mixed with blood4 ,when it breaks1 a small1 grayish1 fibrous mass sometimes appears1 which consists of dead1 cellular tissue1 and which is called the core4 ,there are certain morbid states of the constitution which lead to local inflammation1 subsequent upon slight injury2 or1 in some cases1 without any such provocation1 as in gout1 rheumatism1 and scrofula4 ,one of the first results of the inflammation1 in such cases1 is a weakening of the forces which distribute the blood to the surface and extremities of the body4 ,it is generally admitted that in scrofulous persons the vascular system is weak1 the vessels are small1 and because nutrition is faulty1 the blood is imperfectly organized4 ,the result is failure in the system1 for if nutrition fails1 there may be lacking earthy matter for the bones1 or the unctious secretions of the skin2 the sebaceous secretion is albuminous and liable to become dry1 producing inflammation of the parts which it ought to protect4 ,disorder of the alimentary canal and other mucous surfaces are sometimes reflected upon the skin4 ,we have occasionally observed cutaneous eruptions and erysipelas1 when evidently they were distinct signs of internal disorder4 ,inflammation may be internal as well as external1 as inflammation of the brain1 lungs1 or stomach1 and it is frequently the result of what is called a cold4 ,no matter how the body is chilled1 the blood retreats from the surface1 which becomes pale and shrunken1 there is also nervous uneasiness1 and frequently a rigor1 accompanied with chattering of the teeth4 ,after the cold stage1 reaction takes place and fever follows4 ,the sudden change from a dry and heated room to a cool and moist atmosphere is liable to induce a cold4 ,riding in a carriage until the body is shivering1 or sitting in a draft of air when one has been previously heated1 or breathing a very cold air during the night when the body is warm1 especially when not accustomed to doing so1 or exposing the body to a low temperature when insufficiently clothed1 are all different ways of producing inflammation4 ,inflammation may result in consequence of local injury1 caused by a bruise1 or by a sharp1 cutting instrument1 as a knife or an axe1 or it may be caused by the puncture of a pin1 pen-knife blade or a fork-tine1 or from a lacerated wound1 as from the bite of a dog1 or from a very minute wound poisoned by the bite of a venomous reptile4 ,local inflammations may arise from scalds1 burns1 the application of caustics1 arsenic1 corrosive sublimate1 cantharides1 powerful acids1 abrasions of the surface by injuries1 and from the occurrence of accidents4 ,the swelling of the part may be caused by an increase of the quantity of blood in the vessels1 the effusion of serum and coagulating lymph1 and the interruption of absorption by the injury1 or by the altered condition of the inflamed part4 ,the character of the pain depends upon the tissue involved1 and upon the altered or unnatural state of the nerves4 ,ordinarily1 tendon1 ligament1 cartilage1 and bone are not very sensitive1 but when inflamed they are exquisitely so4 ,the heat of the inflamed part is not so great1 when measured by the thermometer1 as might be supposed from the patient's sensations4 ,,termination ,,of ,,inflammation4 ,inflammation ends in one of six different ways4 ,inflammation may terminate in resolution1 i4e41 spontaneous recovery2 by suppuration1 in the formation of matter2 by effusion1 as the inflammation caused by a blister-plaster terminates by effusion of water2 by adhesion1 the part inflamed forming an attachment to some other part2 by induration1 hardening of the organ2 or by gangrene1 that is1 death of the part4 ,thus1 inflammation of the lungs may terminate by recovery1 that is1 by resolution1 by suppuration and raising of matter1 by hardening and solidification of the lung1 or by gangrene4 ,inflammation of the endocardium1 the lining membrane of the heart1 may cause a thickening of it1 and ossification of the valves of the heart1 thus impairing its function4 ,inflammation of the pericardium may terminate in effusion1 or dropsy1 and inflammation of the liver may result in hardening and adhesion to adjacent parts4 ,,several ,,principles ,,for ,,treatment ,,of ,,inflammation4 ,remove the exciting causes as far as practicable4 ,if caused by a splinter or any foreign substance1 it should be withdrawn1 and if the injury is merely local1 apply cold water to the parts to subdue the inflammation4 ,if caused by a rabid animal1 the wound should be enlarged and cupped1 and the parts cleansed or destroyed by caustic4 ,the patient should remain quiet and not be disturbed4 ,the use of tincture of aconite internally1 will be found excellent to prevent the rise of inflammation4 ,a purgative is also advised1 and four or five of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,purgative ,pellets will be sufficient to act upon the bowels4 ,if there is pain1 an anodyne and diaphoretic is proper4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed will fulfill this indication4 ,in local inflammation cold water is a good remedy1 yet sometimes hot water1 or cloths wrung out of it1 will be found to be the appropriate application4 ,when the inflammation is located in an organ within a cavity1 as the lungs1 hot fomentations will be of great service4 ,bathing the surface with alkaline water must not be omitted4 ,whenever the inflammation is serious the family physician should be early summoned4 ,,fever4 ,in fever all the functions are more or less deranged4 ,in every considerable inflammation there is sympathetic fever1 but in essential fevers there are generally fewer lesions of structure than in inflammation4 ,fever occasions great waste of the tissues of the body1 and the refuse matter is carried away by the organs of secretion and excretion4 ,the heat of the body in fever is generally diffused1 the pulse is quicker1 there is dullness1 lassitude1 chilliness1 and disinclination to take food4 ,we propose to give only a general outline of fevers1 enough to indicate the principles which should be observed in domestic treatment4 ,most fevers are distinctly marked by four stages3 #ast1 the forming stage2 #b;d1 the cold stage2 #c;d1 the hot stage2 #dth1 the sweating or declining stage4 ,during the first stage the individual is hardly conscious of being ill1 for the attack is so slight that it is hardly perceptible4 ,true1 as it progresses1 there is a feeling of languor1 an indisposition to make any bodily or mental effort1 and also a sense of soreness of the muscles1 aching of the bones1 chilliness1 and a disposition to get near the fire4 ,there is restlessness1 disturbed sleep1 bad dreams1 lowness of spirits1 all of which are characteristic of the formative stage of fever4 ,the next is the cold stage1 when there is a decided manifestation of the disease1 and the patient acknowledges that he is really sick4 ,in typhus and typhoid fever the chills are slight2 in other fevers they are more marked2 while in ague they are often accompanied by uncontrollable shaking4 ,when the chill is not so distinct the nails look blue and the skin appears shriveled1 the eye is sunken and a dark circle circumscribes it1 the lips are blue1 and there is pain in the back4 ,the pulse is frequent1 small1 and depressed1 the capillary circulation feeble1 the respiration increased1 and there may be nausea and vomiting4 ,these symptoms vary in duration from a few minutes to more than an hour4 ,they gradually abate1 reaction takes place1 and the patient begins to throw off the bed-clothes4 ,then follows the hot stage1 for with the return of the circulation of the blood to the surface of the body1 there is greater warmth1 freer breathing1 and a more comfortable and quiet condition of the system4 ,the veins fill with blood1 the countenance brightens1 the cheeks are flushed1 the intellect is more sprightly1 and if the pulse is frequent1 it is a good sign2 if it sinks1 it indicates feeble1 vital force1 and is not a good symptom4 ,if there is considerable determination of blood to the head it becomes hot1 the arteries of the neck pulsate strongly1 and delirium may be expected4 ,during the hot stage1 if the fever runs high1 the patient becomes restless1 frequently changes his position1 is wakeful1 uneasy1 and complains of pain in his limbs4 ,in low grades1 the sensibility is blunted1 smell1 taste1 and hearing are impaired4 ,the patient in the hot stage is generally thirsty1 and if he is allowed to drink much1 it may result in nausea and vomiting4 ,moderate indulgence in water1 however1 is permissible4 ,there is aversion to food1 and if any is eaten1 it remains undigested4 ,the teeth are sometimes covered with dark sordes 7foul accumulations7 early in the fever1 and the appearance of the tongue varies1 sometimes being coated a yellowish brown1 sometimes red and dry1 at other times thickly coated and white4 ,the condition of the bowels varies from constipation to diarrhea1 although sometimes they are quite regular4 ,the urine is generally diminished in quantity1 but shows higher color4 ,the sweating stage in some fevers is very marked1 while in others there is very little moisture1 but an evident decline of the hot stage1 the skin becoming more natural and soft4 ,the pulse is more compressible and less frequent1 the kidneys act freely1 respiration is natural1 the pains subside1 although there remains languor1 lassitude1 and weariness1 a preternatural sensibility to cold1 an easily excited pulse1 and a pale and sickly aspect of the countenance4 ,the appetite has failed and the powers of digestion are still impaired4 ,,domestic ,,management ,,of ,,fevers4 ,it is proper to make a thorough study of the early1 insidious symptoms of fever1 in order to understand what ought to be done4 ,if it arises in consequence of malaria1 the treatment must be suited to the case4 ,if from irritation of the bowels and improper articles of diet1 then a mild cathartic is required4 ,if there is much inflammation1 a severe chill1 and strong reaction1 then the treatment should be active4 ,if the fever is of the congestive variety and the constitution is feeble1 the reaction imperfect1 a small1 weak pulse1 a tendency to fainting1 a pale countenance1 and great pain in the head1 apply heat and administer diaphoretics1 and procure the services of a good physician4 ,as a general rule1 it is proper to administer a cathartic1 unless in typhoid fever1 and for this ,dr4 ,pierce's ,purgative ,pellets answer the purpose1 given in doses of from four to six1 according to the state of the bowels4 ,if these are not at hand1 a tea of sage and senna may be drunk until it produces a purgative effect1 or a dose of ,rochelle salts taken4 ,in nearly all fevers we have found that a weak1 alkaline tea1 made from the white ashes of hickory or maple wood1 is useful1 taken weak1 three or four times daily1 or if there be considerable thirst1 more frequently4 ,some patients desire lemon juice1 which enters the system as an alkali and answers all purposes4 ,diaphoretic medicines are also indicated1 and the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-weed will prove very serviceable4 ,drinking freely of pleurisy-root tea1 or of a strong decoction of boneset is frequently useful4 ,after free sweating has been established1 then it is proper to follow by the use of diuretic teas1 such as that of spearmint and pumpkin seed combined1 or sweet spirits of nitre1 in doses of twenty to thirty drops1 added to a teaspoonful of the ,extract of ,smart-weed1 diluted with sweetened water4 ,to lessen the frequency of the pulse1 fluid extract or tincture of aconite or veratrum may be given in water1 every hour4 ,during the intermission of symptoms1 tonic medicines and a sustaining course of treatment should be employed4 ,if the tongue is loaded and the evacuations from the bowels are fetid1 a solution of sulphite of soda is proper2 or1 take equal parts of brewer's yeast and water1 mix1 and when the yeast settles1 give a tablespoonful of the water every hour1 as an antiseptic4 ,administering a warm1 alkaline hand-bath to a fever patient every day1 is an excellent febrifuge remedy1 being careful not to chill or induce fatigue4 ,if there is pain in the head1 apply mustard to the feet2 if it is in the side1 apply hot fomentations4 ,the symptoms which indicate danger are a tumid and hard abdomen1 difficult breathing1 offensive and profuse diarrhea1 bloody urine1 delirium1 or insensibility4 ,favorable symptoms are a natural and soft state of the skin1 eruptions on the surface1 a natural expression of the countenance1 moist tongue1 free action of the kidneys1 and regular sleep4 ,if the domestic treatment which we have advised does not break the force of the disease and mitigate the urgency of the symptoms1 it will be safer to employ a good physician1 who will prescribe such a coarse of treatment as the case specially requires4 ,it is our aim to indicate what may be done before the physician is called1 for frequently his services cannot be obtained when they are most needed4 ,besides1 if these attacks are early and properly treated with domestic remedies1 it will often obviate the necessity of calling upon a physician4 ,if1 on the other hand1 fevers are neglected and no treatment instituted1 they become more serious in character and are more difficult to cure4 ,to recapitulate1 our treatment recommends evacuation through nature's outlets1 the skin1 kidneys1 and bowels1 maintaining warmth1 neutralizing acidity1 using antiseptics1 tonics1 and the hand-bath1 and the fluid extract or tincture of aconite1 or veratrum to moderate the pulse by controlling the accelerated and unequal circulation of the blood4 ,it is a simple treatment1 but if judiciously followed1 it will often abort a fever1 or materially modify its intensity and shorten its course4 ,,fever ,,and ,,ague4 7,,intermittent ,,fever47 ,the description of fever already given applies well to this form of it1 only the symptoms in the former stage are rather more distinct than in the other varieties4 ,weariness1 lassitude1 yawning1 and stretching1 a bitter taste in the mouth1 nausea1 less of appetite1 the uneasy state of the stomach and bowels are more marked in the premonitory stages of intermittent fevers4 ,the cold stage commences with a chilliness of the extremities and back1 the skin looks pale and shriveled1 the blood recedes from the surface1 respiration is hurried1 the urine is limpid and pale1 sometimes there is nausea and vomiting1 and towards the conclusion of the stage1 the chilly sensations are varied with flushes of heat4 ,the hot stage is distinguished by the heat and dryness of the surface of the body and the redness of the face2 there is great thirst1 strong1 full1 and hard pulse1 free and hurried respiration and increased pain in the head and back4 ,the sweating stage commences by perspiration appearing upon the forehead1 which slowly extends over the whole body1 and soon there is an evident intermission of all the symptoms4 ,in the inflammatory variety of intermittent fever1 all these symptoms are acute1 short1 and characterized by strong reaction4 ,gastric fever1 the most frequent variety of intermittent fever1 is marked by irritation of the stomach and bowels1 and a yellow appearance of the white of the eye4 ,,causes4 ,the cause of the malarial fevers1 intermittent1 remittent1 and congestive1 is supposed to be miasm1 a poisonous1 gaseous exhalation from decaying vegetation1 which is generally most abundant in swamps and marshes1 and which is absorbed into the system through the lungs4 ,,treatment4 ,during the entire paroxysm the patient should be kept in bed1 and in the cold stage1 covered with blankets and surrounded with bottles of hot water4 ,the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed should be administered in some diaphoretic herb-tea4 ,during the hot stage1 the extra clothing and the bottles of hot water should be gradually removed and cold drinks taken instead of warm4 ,during the sweating stage the patient should be left alone1 but as soon as the perspiration ceases1 from two to four of the ,purgative ,pellets should be administered1 as a gentle cathartic4 ,a second paroxysm should1 if possible1 be prevented4 ,to accomplish this1 during the intermission of symptoms1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken in doses of from two to three teaspoonfuls every four hours in alternation with three-grain doses of the sulphate of quinine4 ,if the attack is very severe1 and is not relieved by this treatment1 a physician should be summoned to attend the case4 ,,remittent ,,fever4 7,,bilious ,,fever47 ,the distinction between intermittent and remittent fever does not consist in a difference of origin4 ,in the former disease there is a complete intermission of the symptoms1 while in the latter there is only a remission4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment should consist in the employment of those remedial agents advised in intermittent fever1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and quinine being taken during the remission of symptoms4 ,during the height of the fever1 tincture of aconite maybe given and an alkaline sponge-bath administered with advantage4 ,as in intermittent fever1 should the course of treatment here advised not promptly arrest the disease1 the family physician should be summoned4 ,,congestive ,,fever4 7,,pernicious ,,fever47 ,this is the most severe and dangerous form of malarial fever4 ,it may be either intermittent or remittent in character4 ,in some instances the first paroxysm is so violent as to destroy life in a few hours1 while in others it comes on insidiously1 the first one or two paroxysms being comparatively mild4 ,it is frequently characterized by stupor1 delirium1 a marble-like coldness of the surface1 vomiting and purging1 jaundice1 or hemorrhage from the nose and bowels4 ,in ,america this fever is only met with in the ,mississippi valley1 and in other localities where the air contains a large quantity of malarial poison4 ,,treatment4 ,this fever is so dangerous that a physician should be summoned as soon as the disease is recognized4 ,for the benefit of those who are unable to obtain medical attendance1 we will say that the treatment should be much the same as in intermittent fever1 but more energetic4 ,quinine should be taken in doses of from five to fifteen grains every two or three hours4 ,if it be not retained by the stomach1 the following mixture may be administered by injection3 sulphate of quinine1 one-half drachm2 sulphuric acid1 five drops2 water1 one ounce2 dissolve1 and then add two ounces of starch water4 ,,continued ,,fevers4 ,the symptoms of these fevers do not intermit and remit1 but continue without any marked variation for a certain period4 ,they are usually characterized by great prostration of the system1 and are called putrid when they manifest septic changes in the fluids1 and malignant when they speedily run to a fatal termination4 ,typhoid and typhus fevers belong to this class4 ,we shall not advise treatment for these more grave disorders which should always1 for the safety of the patient1 be attended by the family physician1 except to recommend some simple means which may be employed in the initial stage of the disease1 or when a physician's services cannot be promptly secured4 ,,typhoid ,,fever4 7,,enteric ,,fever47 ,in typhoid fever there is ulceration of the intestines and mesenteric glands4 ,this diseased condition of the bowels distinguishes this fever from all others1 and is readily detected by sensitiveness to pressure1 especially over the lower part of the abdomen on the right side4 ,the early disposition to diarrhea is another characteristic symptom of it1 and there is also no intermission of symptoms as in intermittent fever4 ,the disease comes on insidiously1 with loss of appetite1 headache1 chilliness1 and languor4 ,it is usually a week or more before the disease becomes fully developed4 ,,cause4 ,typhoid fever is a specific form of fever developed from the action of a specific germ upon a susceptible system4 ,the poison of typhoid fever is eliminated mainly through the bowels4 ,the germs of typhoid can maintain life for months in water1 and thus it happens that ponds1 lakes1 rivers and streams which receive sewage can spread the germs of typhoid fever4 ,well water often swarms with these poisonous germs4 ,in some cases it has been found that privies1 though twenty or forty feet away from a well1 have yet drained into it--through a clay soil covered with gravel--and carried the germs to those drinking the water from the well4 ,next to water1 milk is the most prominent carrier of contagion4 ,milk is apt to get infected with the germs if cooled in tanks of water which may receive drainage from outhouses and barns4 ,,treatment4 ,scientific support has been given the treatment by cold tub baths 7#gj ,fahrenheit7 and it is advised by many physicians4 ,experience has proved that sponge baths and tub baths are of the utmost importance1 when the temperature of the patient is at or above #ajb4e ,fahrenheit4 ,every three hours the tub bath is given for twenty minutes at #gj ,fahrenheit4 ,these may be tepid at first1 gradually cooling to #gj4 ,frictions are applied to patient in the bath1 and he is wrapped in blankets when taken out to avoid danger of chill1 and then given a warm drink or stimulant4 ,treatment should be directed by an experienced physician to suit the symptoms4 ,the evacuations from the bowels should be thoroughly disinfected with chloride of lime or carbolic acid1 that they may not convey the disease to others4 ,all the sewerage and drain pipes in the house should likewise be disinfected4 ,,scarlet ,,fever4 7,,scarlatina47 ,this fever takes its name from the scarlet color of the eruption on the surface of the body4 ,sometimes it is comparatively mild1 and is then called ,scarlatina ,simplex2 when it is accompanied by a sore throat1 it is termed ,scarlatina ,anginosa2 and when the disease is of a low1 putrid type1 it is called ,scarlatina ,maligna4 ,this disease has three distinct stages3 7#a71 the stage of invasion2 7#b71 the stage of eruption2 and 7#c71 the stage of desquamation4 ,in the first stage there is pain in the head1 increased heat of the skin1 redness and soreness of the throat1 and sometimes nosebleed1 diarrhea1 or vomiting4 ,the average duration of this stage is twenty-four hours4 ,the eruptive stage generally begins on the second day1 though sometimes it is delayed longer1 and the scarlet rash rapidly diffuses itself over the whole body4 ,the redness is vivid and has been compared to the appearance of a boiled lobster4 ,the stage of eruption reaches its maximum of intensity on the third day1 and it is important that it does not recede4 ,redness of the tonsils and throat is one of the early symptoms which precedes any cutaneous eruption4 ,the tongue also is finely spotted with numerous red points which mark its papillae1 presenting an appearance which has been compared to that of a strawberry4 ,the thirst is urgent1 there is no appetite1 and vomiting and mild delirium are common4 ,this stage continues from four to six days1 and sometimes longer4 ,desquamation 7scaling off of the skin7 commences at the decline of the eruption1 in the form of minute1 branny scales4 ,the duration of this stage is indefinite1 and may end in five or six or may continue ten or twelve days4 ,if the inflammation in the throat is very severe1 it may terminate in an abscess1 which may also occur in the glands of the neck1 and sometimes the inflammation extends to the lips1 cheeks1 and eyelids4 ,gangrene within the throat occurs in rare instances4 ,the disease is easily communicated1 and usually develops in two to five days after exposure4 ,it occurs most frequently in the third and fourth years of life4 ,there is no other disease so simple1 and yet so often liable to prove fatal1 as scarlet fever2 and for this reason we shall advise the attendance of the family physician4 ,domestic treatment may be given as follows1 until a physician can be obtained3 ,catnip1 pennyroyal1 or pleurisy-root tea1 containing one teaspoonful of the ,extract of ,smart-weed1 may be given1 to drive the rash to the surface4 ,cold drinks are suitable to allay the thirst1 nausea1 and fever4 ,the sick-room should be kept at a temperature of about #fe ,fahr41 and fresh air admitted freely4 ,the patient ought not to be overloaded with bed-clothes2 and the skin should be sponged over twice daily with tepid water1 different parts being exposed successively1 and carefully dried with soft cloths4 ,soda may be added to the water1 but no soap should be used4 ,the diet should consist of milk1 extract of beef1 and soups4 ,injections may be employed to relieve constipation1 but purgatives should be avoided4 ,we repeat that this disease is one which requires the attendance of the family physician1 and great care should be exercised during recovery1 that no bad results may follow4 ,,small-,,pox4 7,,variola47 ,small-pox is produced by a specific poison1 which is reproduced and multiplied during the progress of the disease4 ,it is contained in the pustules1 and in the excretions and exhalations of affected individuals4 ,it is established after a period of incubation varying from nine to thirteen days after infection4 ,there are two varieties of this disease1 known as confluent and distinct variola2 in the former1 the vesicles run together1 in the latter1 they are separate4 ,this fever has three stages4 ,the first is that of invasion1 distinctly marked by a chill or a series of chills1 which alternate with flushes of heat4 ,in this stage the tongue becomes coated1 there is also nausea and vomiting1 pain in the limbs1 back1 and particularly in the loins1 the latter symptom being of diagnostic importance4 ,this stage continues about two days1 and if the symptoms are light1 it may be expected that the disease will be comparatively mild1 and of the distinct variety4 ,the stage of eruption4 ,the eruption begins to appear on the skin1 generally on the third day following the attack1 though in the throat and mouth may be discovered round1 whitish1 or ashy spots1 several hours previous to the appearance of vesicles on the surface of the body4 ,these are first seen on the face and neck1 then on the trunk and upper extremities1 and1 lastly1 on the lower extremities4 ,the eruption at first appears in the form of small1 red or purple spots1 which change the texture of the skin by becoming more hard1 pointed1 and elevated4 ,on the fifth day of the eruption they attain their full size1 being softened and depressed in the center1 and hence are called umbilicated4 ,now a change takes place1 and the vesicles fill with matter and become pointed1 and there is a rise in the fever4 ,the stage of suppuration commences thus3 the pulse quickens1 the skin becomes hotter1 and in many cases of the confluent variety1 swelling of the face1 eyelids1 and extremities occurs4 ,frequently there is passive delirium in this stage1 and if diarrhea sets in1 it is an unfavorable sign4 ,the duration of this stage of the eruption is four or five days4 ,the stage of desication1 or of the drying of the pustules1 commences between the twelfth and fourteenth day of the disease4 ,in the confluent variety1 patches of scab cover all the space occupied by the eruption1 and the skin exhales a sickening odor4 ,,the ,,treatment should have reference to the determination of the eruption to the surface4 ,if there is thirst1 allow cold drinks1 ice-water1 or lemonade4 ,bathing the surface with cold water1 breathing plenty of fresh air1 using disinfectants in the room1 and taking antiseptic medicine internally1 are proper4 ,add one part of carbolic acid to six parts of glycerine1 mix from two to three drops of this with an ounce of water1 and of this preparation administer teaspoonful doses frequently4 ,a few drops of carbolic acid and glycerine may be rubbed up with vaseline1 and the surface anointed with it to prevent pitting4 ,the malady is so grave that it should be intrusted to the care of the family physician4 ,,varioloid4 7,,modified ,,small-,,pox47 ,varioloid is a modified form of small-pox4 ,there is less constitutional disturbance1 and very little or no pitting of the skin4 ,varioloid generally occurs in persons who have not been fully protected by vaccination4 ,a person suffering from this modification of the disease may1 by contagion1 communicate to another genuine small-pox4 ,the treatment is the same as that recommended in variola4 ,,vaccinia4 7,,cow-,,pox47 ,the important discovery of vaccination is due to ,dr4 ,jenner1 who ascertained that when the cow was affected by this disease and it was then communicated to man1 the affection was rendered very mild and devoid of danger1 and at the same time it proved a very complete protection against small-pox4 ,like most other valuable discoveries introduced to the world1 it encountered bitter prejudice and the most unfair opposition4 ,now its inestimable value is generally known and admitted4 ,in a few cases1 in which the quality of the vaccine virus was deteriorated1 its effect is only to slightly-modify small-pox1 and then the disease resembles that caused by inoculation4 ,the operation of infecting the blood with the kine virus is called vaccination4 ,all that we know is that when the cow becomes affected with this disease1 and it is then transferred to man1 it loses its severity and serves as a protection against small-pox4 ,in a great majority of cases this protection is absolute1 and only in a very few does it leave the subject susceptible to small-pox1 materially modified4 ,the protection it affords against small-pox is found to diminish after the lapse of an indefinite number of years1 and hence it is important to be re-vaccinated once or twice1 for instance1 after an interval of five years4 ,between the second and third months of infancy is the best period for vaccination1 and the place usually selected is the middle of the arm above the elbow-joint4 ,,chicken-,,pox4 7,,varicella47 ,chicken-pox is an eruptive disease1 which affects children1 and occasionally adults4 ,it is attended with only slight constitutional disturbance1 and is1 therefore1 neither a distressing nor dangerous affection4 ,the eruption first appears on the body1 afterwards on the neck1 the scalp1 and lastly on the face4 ,it appears on the second or third day after the attack1 and is succeeded by vesicles containing a transparent fluid4 ,these begin to dry on the fifth1 sixth1 or seventh day4 ,this disease may be distinguished from variola and varioloid by the shortness of the period of invasion1 the mildness of the symptoms1 and the absence of the deep1 funnel-shaped depression of the vesicles1 so noticeable in variola4 ,,treatment4 ,ordinarily very little treatment is required4 ,it is best to use daily an alkaline bath1 and1 as a drink1 the tea of pleurisy-root1 catnip1 or other diaphoretics1 to which may be added from one-half to one teaspoonful of the ,extract of ,smart-weed4 ,if the fever runs high1 a few drops of aconite in water will control it4 ,,measles4 7,,rubeola47 ,this is generally a disease of less severity and importance than the other eruptive fevers1 but it is sometimes followed by serious complications4 ,the stage of invasion is marked by the symptoms of a common cold1 sneezing1 watery eyes1 a discharge from the nostrils1 a dry cough1 chilliness1 and headache4 ,this stage may last four days4 ,then follows an eruption of red dots or specks1 which momentarily disappear on pressure4 ,on the fourth day of the eruption the redness of the skin fades1 the fever diminishes1 and the vesicles dry into scales or little flakes4 ,the eyes may be inflamed and the bowels may be quite lax at this stage4 ,,treatment4 ,the great object in the treatment is to bring out the eruption4 ,to effect this1 sweating teas are beneficial4 ,the free use of the ,extract of ,smart-weed is recommended1 and the skin should be bathed every day with tepid water4 ,sometimes when warm drinks fail to bring out the eruption1 drinking freely of cold water and keeping warmly covered in bed1 will accomplish the desired result4 ,,false ,,measles 7,rose ,rash7 is an affection of very little importance and may be treated similarly to a case of ordinary measles4 ,,erysipelas4 ,there are few adult persons in this country who have not1 by observation or experience1 become somewhat familiar with this disease4 ,its manifestations are both constitutional and local1 and their intensity varies exceedingly in different cases4 ,the constitutional symptoms are usually the first to appear1 and are of a febrile character4 ,a distinct chill1 attended by nausea and general derangement of the stomach is experienced1 followed by febrile symptoms more or less severe4 ,there are wandering pains in the body and sometimes a passive delirium exists4 ,simultaneously with these symptoms the local manifestations of the disease appear4 ,a red spot develops on the face1 the ear1 or other part of the person4 ,its boundary is clearly marked and the affected portion slightly raised above the surrounding surface4 ,it is characterized by a burning pain and is very sensitive to the touch4 ,it is not necessary for the benefit of the popular reader that we should draw a distinction between the different varieties of this malady4 ,the distinctions made are founded chiefly upon the depth to which the morbid condition attends1 and not on any difference in the nature of the affection4 ,suppuration of the tissues involved is common in the severer forms4 ,should the tongue become dark and diarrhea set in1 attended with great prostration1 the case is very serious1 and energetic means must be employed to save life4 ,a retrocession of the inflammation from the surface to a vital organ is an extremely dangerous symptom4 ,the disease is not regarded as contagious1 but has been known to become epidemic4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment during the initial stage of this disease should correspond with the general principles laid down for the treatment of fever4 ,the spirit vapor-bath1 with warm1 diaphoretic teas1 or the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-,weed may be given to favor sweating4 ,the whole person should be frequently bathed in warm water rendered alkaline by the addition of saleratus or soda4 ,the bowels should be moved by a full dose of the ,purgative ,pellets4 ,fluid extract of aconite in small and frequent doses will best control the fever4 ,the specific treatment1 which should not be omitted1 consists in administering doses of ten drops of the tincture of the muriate of iron in alternation with teaspoonful doses of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 every three hours4 ,as a local application1 the inflamed surface may be covered with cloths wet in the mucilage of slippery elm4 ,equal parts of sweet oil and spirits of turpentine1 mixed and painted over the surface1 is an application of unsurpassed efficacy4 ,,diphtheria4 ,this is an exceedingly grave1 constitutional disease characterized by a rapid breaking down of the powers of life1 together with a peculiar affection of the throat1 in which a disposition to the formation of false membranes is a prominent feature4 ,the formation of these membranes1 however1 is not limited to the throat1 but may occur on mucous surfaces elsewhere4 ,,cause4 ,infection with the specific germ of the disease by contagion or inoculation4 ,it can be carried in milk or water1 and the germs can attach themselves to furniture1 walls1 clothing1 etc4 ,a person with chronic diphtheretic sore throat can infect children or susceptible persons with the disease in its most acute type by kissing4 ,all persons with sore throat should avoid kissing--as this disease is commonly spread in this way4 ,,symptoms4 ,the symptoms vary in different cases4 ,in some the disease comes on gradually1 while in others it is malignant from the first4 ,the throat feels sore1 the neck is stiff and a sense of languor1 lassitude1 and exhaustion pervades the system4 ,sometimes a chill is experienced at the outset4 ,febrile disturbance1 generally of a low1 typhoid character1 soon manifests itself4 ,the skin is hot2 there is intense thirst2 the pulse is quick and feeble1 ranging from #abj to #aej per minute4 ,the tongue is generally loaded with a dirty coat1 or it may be bright red4 ,the odor of the breath is characteristic1 and peculiarly offensive1 and there is difficulty in swallowing and sometimes in breathing4 ,vomiting is sometimes persistent4 ,if we examine the throat1 we find more or less swelling of the tonsils and surrounding parts1 which are generally bright red1 and shining1 and covered with a profuse1 glairy1 tenacious secretion4 ,sometimes the parts are of a dusky1 livid hue1 and1 in rare instances1 pallid4 ,the false membrane1 a peculiar tough exudation1 soon appears and may be seen in patches1 large or small1 or covering the entire surface from the gums back as far as can be seen1 its color varying from a whitish yellow to a gray or dark ashen tint4 ,when it is thrown off1 it sometimes leaves a foul1 ulcerating surface beneath4 ,the prostration soon becomes extreme1 and small1 livid spots may appear on the surface of the body4 ,there may be delirium1 which is1 in fatal cases1 succeeded by stupor1 or coma4 ,the extremities become cold2 diarrhea1 and in some cases convulsions1 indicate the approach of death4 ,sometimes the patient dies before the false membrane forms4 ,,treatment4 ,the extremely dangerous character of this disease demands that the services of a skillful physician be obtained at once2 and that his efforts should be aided by the most thorough hygienic precautions1 good fresh air1 bathing1 and a supporting diet4 ,prior to the arrival of the physician1 lose no time in using plenty of good brandy or whiskey to offset the extremely weakening effect of the disease4 ,the employment of alcoholic stimulation in this disease is almost always used by physicians4 ,control the vomiting and allay the thirst by allowing the patient to suck small pieces of ice every five or ten minutes4 ,hot fomentations or spirits of turpentine should be applied to the throat4 ,if the physician does not take charge of the patient by this time1 the use of permanganate of potash1 triturated1 in strength of one grain to the ounce1 in a mixture of fine sugar of milk and gum acacia1 and blown over the parts with an insufflater every few hours1 brings the best results if thoroughly carried out2 or the throat can be swabbed out with the following mixture3 chlorate of potash1 four drachms2 tincture of muriate of iron1 three drachms1 syrup of orange1 two ounces2 water sufficient to make four ounces2 administered every two or three hours4 ,inhaling steam or lime-water from a steam atomizer is especially good4 ,the use of blisters1 caustics1 active purges1 mercurials1 or bleeding1 should be condemned4 ,throughout the whole course of the disease the strength must be supported by the most nourishing diet1 as well as by tonics and stimulants4 ,beef tea1 milk1 milk punch1 and brandy should be freely administered4 ,a competent physician should be called in as early as possible4 ,the general results of the treatment with antitoxin1 if given on the first1 second or third day of the disease1 are usually favorable4 ,there are rarely any immediately bad results from the injections1 and the published testimony of careful observers would tend to prove that recovery has followed its use in a larger percentage of cases than under former methods of treatment4 ,,quinsy4 7,,tonsillitis47 ,this is an acute inflammation of the tonsils1 which generally extends to1 and involves adjacent strictures1 and is attended with general febrile disturbance4 ,its duration varies from four to twenty days4 ,it sometimes terminates by a gradual return to health 7resolution72 or by the formation of matter within the gland 7suppuration47 ,when this latter is the case1 the swelling sometimes becomes so great before it breaks as to require lancing4 ,,causes4 ,it most frequently results from a cold4 ,in some persons there is a predisposition to it1 and the individual is liable to recurring attacks4 ,persons of a scrofulous diathesis are more liable to it than others4 ,,symptoms4 ,difficulty of swallowing1 soreness1 and stiffness of the throat1 are the first monitions of its approach4 ,there is fever1 quick1 full pulse1 and dryness of the skin2 the tongue is furred1 and the breath offensive4 ,the tonsils are intensely red1 swollen1 and painful1 the pain often extending to the ear4 ,sometimes but one tonsil is affected1 though generally both are involved4 ,in severe cases the patient cannot lie down1 in consequence of the difficulty of breathing4 ,,treatment4 ,in the early stage of the disease1 the spirit vapor-bath is invaluable4 ,the sweating which it produces should be kept up by the use of the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed in some diaphoretic infusion4 ,hot wet-packs to the throat1 covered with dry cloths1 are useful4 ,the inhalation of the hot vapor of water or vinegar1 or peppermint and water1 is beneficial4 ,a carthartic should be given at night4 ,when the disease does not show a disposition to yield to this treatment1 the services of a physician should be obtained4 ,when pus1 or matter1 is formed in the tonsil1 which may be known by the increased swelling and the appearance of a yellowish spot1 the services of a physician will be required to lance it4 ,,enlarged ,,tonsils4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #adg4 ,a ,a4--,enlarged ,tonsils4 ,b4--,elongated ,uvula4 ,chronic enlargement of the tonsils1 as shown in ,fig4 #adg1 ,a ,a1 is an exceedingly common affection4 ,it is most common to those of a scrofulous habit4 ,it rarely makes its appearance after the thirtieth year1 unless it has existed in earlier life1 and has been imperfectly cured4 ,both tonsils are generally1 though unequally enlarged4 ,a person affected with this disease is extremely liable to sore throat1 and contracts it on the slightest exposure2 the contraction of a cold1 suppression of perspiration1 or derangement of the digestive apparatus being sufficient to provoke inflammation4 ,,causes4 ,repeated attacks of quinsy1 scarlet fever1 diphtheria1 or scrofula1 and general impairment of the system1 predispose the individual to this disease4 ,,symptoms4 ,the voice is often husky1 nasal or guttural1 and disagreeable4 ,when the patient sleeps1 a low moaning is heard1 accompanied with snoring and stentorian breathing1 and the head is thrown back so as to bring the mouth on a line with the windpipe1 and thus facilitate the ingress of air into the lungs4 ,when the affection becomes serious1 it interferes with breathing and swallowing4 ,the chest is liable to become flattened in front and arched behind1 in consequence of the difficulty of respiration1 thus predisposing the patient to pulmonary disease4 ,on looking into the throat1 the enlarged tonsils may be seen1 as in the figure4 ,sometimes they are so greatly increased in size that they touch each other4 ,,treatment4 ,the indications to be carried out in the cure of this malady are3 7#a47 ,to remedy the constitutional derangement4 7#b47 ,to remove the enlargement of the tonsil glands4 ,the successful fulfillment of the first indication may be readily accomplished by attention to hygiene1 diet1 clothing1 and the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 together with small daily doses of the ,pleasant ,purgative ,pellets4 ,this treatment should be persevered in for a considerable length of time after the enlargement has disappeared1 to prevent a return4 ,to fulfill the second indication1 astringent gargles may be used4 ,infusions of witch-hazel or cranesbill should be used during the day4 ,the following mixture is unsurpassed3 iodine1 one drachm2 iodide of potash1 four drachms2 pure1 soft water1 two ounces4 ,apply this preparation to the enlarged tonsils twice a day1 with a probang1 or soft swab1 being careful to paint them each time4 ,a persevering use of these remedies1 both internal and local1 is necessary to reduce and restore the parts to a healthy condition4 ,sometimes the enlarged tonsils undergo calcareous degeneration2 in this case1 nothing but their removal by a surgical operation is effectual4 ,this can be readily accomplished by any competent surgeon4 ,we have operated in a large number of cases1 and have never met with any unfavorable results4 ,,elongation ,,of ,,the ,,uvula4 ,chronic enlargement or elongation of the uvula1 or palate1 as shown at ,b1 ,fig4 #adg1 may arise from the same causes as enlargement of the tonsils4 ,it subjects the individual to a great deal of annoyance by dropping into and irritating the throat4 ,it causes tickling and frequent desire to clear the throat1 change1 weakness1 or entire loss of voice1 and difficulty of breathing1 frequently giving rise to the most persistent and aggravating cough4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment already laid down for enlarged tonsils1 with which affection1 elongation of the uvula is so often associated1 is generally effectual4 ,when it has existed for a long time and does not yield to this treatment1 it may be removed by any competent surgeon4 ,,an,,mia4 ,when the blood contains less than the ordinary number of red corpuscles1 the condition is known as anmia1 and is characterized by every sign of debility4 ,a copious hemorrhage1 in consequence of a cut1 or other serious injury1 will lessen the quantity of blood and may produce anmia4 ,after sudden blood-letting1 the volume of the circulation is quickly restored by absorption of fluid1 but the red corpuscles cannot be so readily replaced1 so that the blood is poorer by being more watery4 ,this is only one way in which the blood is impoverished4 ,the blood may be exhausted by a drain upon the system1 in consequence of hard and prolonged study4 ,severe mental employment consumes the red corpuscles1 leaving the blood thin1 the skin cool and pale1 and the extremities moist and cold4 ,anmia may arise from lack of exercise1 or it may be occasioned by mental depression1 anxiety1 disappointment1 trouble1 acute excitement of the emotions or passions1 spinal irritation2 in fact1 there are many special relations existing between the red corpuscles of the blood and the various states of the mind and the nervous system4 ,the latter depends directly upon the health and quantity of these red corpuscles for its ability to execute its functions4 ,anmia may arise in consequence of low diet1 or because the alimentary organs do not properly digest the food1 or when there is not sufficient variety in the diet4 ,no matter how anmia is occasioned1 whether by labor and expenditure1 by hemorrhages1 lead poisoning1 prolonged exposure to miasmatic influences1 deprivation of food1 indigestion1 imperfect assimilation1 frequent child-bearing1 or lactation1 the number of the red corpuscles in the blood is materially diminished4 ,the diagnostic symptoms of anmia are pallor of the face1 lips1 tongue1 and general surface1 weakness of the vital organs1 hurried respiration on slight exercise1 swelling or puffiness of the eyes1 and a murmur of the heart1 resembling the sound of a bellows4 ,this disorder of the blood tends to develop low inflammation1 dropsical effusion1 tubercular deposits1 ,bright's disease1 derangements of the liver1 diarrhea1 leucorrhea1 and is a precursor of low1 protracted fevers4 ,this condition of the blood predisposes to the development of other affections1 providing they are in existence1 and often it is found associated with ,bright's disease1 cancer1 and lung difficulties4 ,,treatment4 7#a47 ,prevent all unnecessary waste and vital expenditure4 7#b47 ,place the patient under favorable circumstances for recovery1 by regulating the exercise and clothing entertaining the mind1 and furnishing plenty of pure air4 7#c47 ,prescribe such a nutritious diet as will agree with the enfeebled condition of the patient4 7#d47 ,regular habits should be established in regard to meals1 exercise1 recreation1 rest1 and sleep4 7#e47 ,the use of tonics and stimulants1 as much as the stomach will bear1 should be encouraged4 ,bathe the surface with a solution of a drachm of quinine in a pint of whiskey4 7#f47 ,iron1 in some form1 is the special internal remedy in anmia4 ,meantime1 it is proper to treat the patient with gentle1 manual friction1 rubbing the surface of the body lightly and briskly with the warm1 dry hand1 which greatly stimulates the circulation of the blood4 ,anmia occurs more frequently in the female than in the male1 because her functions and duties are more likely to give rise to it4 ,,apnoea4 ,apnoea1 or short1 hurried1 difficult respiration1 is occasioned by certain conditions of the blood4 ,when anything interferes with the absorption of oxygen1 or the elimination of carbonic acid1 the blood is not changed from venous to arterial1 and becomes incapable of sustaining life4 ,this morbid condition is termed asphyxia4 ,we often read of persons going into wells where there are noxious gases1 or remaining in a close room where there are live coals generating carbonic acid gas and thus becoming asphyxiated1 dying for want of oxygen4 ,deficiency of oxygen is the cause of apnoea1 and sometimes the red corpuscles themselves are so few1 worn out1 or destroyed1 that they cannot carry sufficient oxygen1 and the consequence is that the patient becomes short of breath1 and when a fatal degeneration of the corpuscles ensues1 he dies of asphyxia4 ,many a child grows thin and wan and continues to waste away1 the parents little dreaming that the slow consumption of the red corpuscles of the blood is the cause which is undermining the health4 ,sometimes this disease is the result of starvation1 irregular feeding1 improper diet1 want of care1 and1 at other times1 want of fresh air1 proper exercise1 and sunlight4 ,,treatment4 ,the first essential to success in the treatment of this disease1 is the removal of the exciting cause4 ,exercise in the outdoor air and sunlight1 with good1 nutritious food1 and well-ventilated sleeping apartments1 are of the greatest importance4 ,the bitter tonics1 as hydrastin1 with pyrophosphate of iron1 should be employed to enrich the blood and build up the strength4 ,,leucocyth,,mia4 ,this term is used to designate a condition in which there is an excess of colorless blood-corpuscles4 ,in health1 the colorless corpuscles should exist only in the proportion of one1 to one or two hundred of the red corpuscles4 ,these colorless corpuscles increase when there is disease of the lymphatic glands1 but whether this is the cause of their increase or perversion is not known4 ,they have been found abundant in the blood in diseases of the spleen and of the liver4 ,diarrhea usually attends this complaint1 together with difficult breathing1 loss of strength1 gradual decline1 fever1 diminution of vital forces1 and finally death4 ,the recovery of a well-marked case of this disease is very doubtful4 ,its average duration is about one year4 ,,dropsies4 ,transudation is the passage of fluid through the tissue of any part of the body without changing its liquid state1 while exudation means1 medically1 the passage of matter which coagulates and gives rise to solid deposits4 ,when transudations are unhealthy1 they may accumulate in serous cavities or in cellular structures1 and constitute dropsy4 ,exudation is the result of inflammation1 and the product effused coagulates and becomes the seat of a new growth of tissue4 ,exosmosis means the passage of fluid from within outward1 and is a process constantly taking place in health2 while transudation takes place because the blood is watery and the tissues are feeble and permeable1 permitting the serum and watery elements of the blood to pass into certain cavities1 where they accumulate4 ,the cause of dropsies may be low diet1 insufficient exercise1 indigestion1 hemorrhages1 wasting diseases1 in fact1 any thing which impoverishes the blood and increases the relative amount of serum4 ,the tardy circulation of blood in the veins1 or its obstruction in any way1 is a condition highly favorable to the development of dropsy4 ,general dropsy is called anasarca1 and is readily distinguished by bloating or puffiness of the skin all over the body4 ,this condition is also called oedema4 ,the skin is pale1 yields under the finger without pain1 and preserves the impression for some time4 ,the oedema usually appears first in the lower extremities1 next in the face1 and from thence extends over the body4 ,general dropsy is commonly due to an impoverished condition of the blood1 and this may be the result of albuminuria1 a disease of the kidneys4 ,albuminuria is frequently the sequel of scarlatina4 ,hence1 the utmost care should be taken against exposure of a patient recovering from scarlatina1 and the same caution should be exercised during convalescence from measles1 erysipelas1 and rheumatism4 ,dropsies may be general1 as in anasarca1 or local1 as dropsy of the heart1 called cardiac dropsy3 dropsy of the peritoneum1 the serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity1 called ascites2 dropsy of the chest1 called hydrothorax2 dropsy of the head1 called hydrocephalus2 dropsy of the scrotum1 called hydrocele4 ,dropsy is not1 therefore1 of itself a disease1 but only the symptom of a morbid condition of the blood1 kidneys1 liver1 or heart4 ,thus disease of the valves of the heart1 may obstruct the free flow of blood and thus retard its circulution4 ,in consequence the pulse grows small and weak1 and the patient cannot exercise or labor as usual1 and finally the lower limbs begin to swell1 then the face and body1 the skin looks dusky1 the appetite is impaired1 the kidneys become diseased1 there is difficulty in breathing1 and the patient1 it is said1 dies of dropsy1 yet dropsy was the result of a disease of the heart1 which retarded the circulation and enfeebled the system1 and which was actually the primary cause of death4 ,,treatment4 ,dropsy being only a symptom of various morbid conditions existing in the system1 any treatment to be radically beneficial must1 therefore1 have reference to the diseased conditions upon which the dropsical effusion1 in each individual case1 depends4 ,these are so various1 and frequently so obscure1 as to require the best diagnostic skill possessed by the experienced specialist1 to detect them4 ,there are1 however1 a few general principles which are applicable to the treatment of nearly all cases of dropsy4 ,nutritious diet1 frequent alkaline baths to keep the skin in good condition and favor excretion through its pores1 and a general hygienic regulation of the daily habits1 are of the greatest importance4 ,there are also a few general remedies which may prove more or less beneficial in nearly all cases4 ,we refer to diuretics and hydragogue cathartics4 ,the object sought in the administration of these is the evacuation of the accumulated fluids through the kidneys and bowels1 thus giving relief4 ,of the diuretics1 queen of the meadow1 buchu1 and digitalis generally operate well4 ,as a cathartic1 the ,purgative ,pellets accompanied with a teaspoonful or two of cream of tartar1 will prove serviceable4 ,beyond these general principles of treatment it would be useless for us to attempt to advise the invalid suffering from any one of the many forms of dropsy4 ,the specialist skilled by large experience in detecting the exact morbid condition which causes the watery effusion and accumulation1 can select his remedies to meet the peculiar indications presented by each individual case4 ,sometimes the removal of the watery accumulation by tapping becomes necessary1 in order to afford relief and give time for remedies to act4 ,we have found it necessary to perform this operation very frequently in cases of hydrocele1 and also quite often in cases of abdominal dropsy4 ,the chest has also been tapped and considerable quantities of fluids drawn off1 and this has been followed by prompt improvement and a final cure4 ,,cases ,,treated4 ,,case ,i4 ,a ,canadian gentleman1 aged #fh1 applied at the ,invalids ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 for examination and treatment4 ,he had been dropsical for over two years1 and had become so badly affected as to be unable to lie down at night4 ,his legs were so filled with water and enlarged as to render it almost impossible for him to walk1 and there was a general anasarca4 ,the least exertion was attended with the greatest difficulty of breathing4 ,he had been under the treatment of several eminent general practitioners of medicine in ,canada but found no relief4 ,they were unable to discover the real cause of his ailment1 but to the specialist who has charge of this class of diseases at our institution1 and who annually examines and treats hundreds of such cases1 it was at once apparent that the dropsy was caused from a weakened condition of the heart1 which rendered it unable to perform its functions4 ,he was put upon a tonic and alterative course of treatment1 which also embraced the use of such medicines as have been found to exert a specific1 tonic action upon the muscular tissues of the heart4 ,he improved so rapidly that in less than two months he was able to lie down and sleep soundly all night4 ,the bloating disappeared1 his strength improved1 and in three month's more he was discharged perfectly cured4 ,,case ,,ii4 ,a man aged #db1 consulted us by letter1 stating that he was troubled with general bloating which had made its appearance gradually and was attended by general debility and other symptoms which have been enumerated as common to general dropsy4 ,he had been under the treatment of several home physicians without receiving any benefit2 he had steadily grown worse until he felt satisfied that if he did not soon get relief he could not live very long4 ,he was requested to send a sample of his urine for examination1 as we had suspicions1 from the symptoms which he gave1 that the cause of his dropsy was albuminuria1 or ,bright's disease of the kidneys4 ,on examination of the urine1 albumen in very perceptible quantities was found to be present4 ,we had1 about this time1 come into possession of a remedy said by very good authority1 to be a specific in degeneration of the kidneys when not too far advanced1 and we determined to test it upon this well-marked case4 ,we accordingly prescribed it1 together with other proper tonics and alteratives1 at the same time giving the patient important hygienic advice1 which must be complied with if success is attained in the management of this very fatal malady4 ,our patient gradually improved1 and in a few months' time was restored to perfect health1 which he has continued to enjoy ever since4 ,from our subsequent experience1 embracing the treatment of quite a large number of cases of ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 we are satisfied that it is1 in its early stage1 quite amenable to treatment4 ,,case ,,iii4 ,a man aged #ce1 single1 consulted us for what he supposed to be enlargement of the testicles4 ,the scrotum was as large as his head1 and it was with difficulty that he could conceal the deformity from general observation4 ,the disease was immediately recognized by the attending surgeon as hydrocele4 ,the liquid was promptly drawn oft by tapping1 and a stimulating injection was made into the scrotum to prevent re-accumulation4 ,we mention this case only because it is one among a very large number who have consulted us supposing that they were suffering from enlargement of the testicles1 cancer1 or some other morbid growth within the scrotum1 when a slight examination has shown the affection to be hydrocele1 a disease which is speedily cured by tapping1 with a little after treatment4 ,the operation is perfectly safe and almost entirely painless4 ,,case ,,iv4 ,a lady1 aged #bd1 consulted us by letter enumerating a long list of symptoms which clearly indicated abdominal dropsy1 resulting from suppression of the menses4 ,a well-regulated1 hygienic treatment was advised1 and medicines to restore the menstrual function by gradually toning up and regulating the whole system1 were forwarded to her by express4 ,after four months' treatment1 perfect recovery resulted4 ,cases like this latter are very common and generally yield quite readily to proper management4 ,no harsh or forcing treatment for restoring the menstrual function should be employed1 as it will not only fail to accomplish the object sought1 but it is also sure to seriously and irreparably injure the system4 ,the most difficult cases which we have had to deal with1 have been those which had been subjected by other physicians to the administration of strong emmenagogues in the vain effort to bring on the menses4 ,,rheumatism4 ,prominent among constitutional diseases is the one known as rheumatism4 ,it is characterized by certain local symptoms or manifestations in fibrous tissues4 ,this term has been applied to neuralgic affections and to gout1 but it differs from each in several essential particulars4 ,rheumatism may be divided into 7#a7 ,acute1 7#b7 ,chronic1 7#c7 ,muscular4 ,,acute ,,articular ,,rheumatism4 ,acute articular rheumatism implies an affection of the articulations or joints4 ,it usually commences suddenly2 sometimes pain or soreness in the joints precedes the disclosure of the disease4 ,the symptoms are pain in the joints1 tenderness1 increased heat1 swelling and redness of the skin4 ,the pain varies in its intensity in different oases1 and is increased by the movement of the affected parts4 ,swelling of the joints occurs1 especially those of the knee1 ankle1 wrist1 elbow1 and the smaller joints of the hands and feet4 ,the swelling and redness are generally in proportion to the acuteness of the attack4 ,acute articular rheumatism is always accompanied with more or less fever4 ,sweating is generally a prominent symptom1 being strongly acid and more profuse during the night4 ,the appetite is impaired1 the tongue is coated1 the bowels are constipated1 or there is diarrhea4 ,,the ,,duration ,,of ,,this ,,disease4 ,unlike fevers1 its course is marked by fluctuations2 frequently after a few days the pain subsides1 the fever disappears1 and convalescence is apparently established1 when1 suddenly1 all the symptoms are renewed with even greater intensity than before4 ,this disease rarely proves fatal1 unless the heart is involved4 ,,causes4 ,rheumatism is frequently supposed to be occasioned by a suppression of the functions of the skin1 and is generally attributed to the action of cold upon the surface of the body4 ,but this acts only as an exciting cause4 ,it is a disease of the blood4 ,this form of rheumatism usually occurs between the age of fifteen and thirty1 and prevails most extensively in changeable climates4 ,acute articular rheumatism seldom terminates in the chronic form4 ,,chronic ,,articular ,,rheumatism4 ,articular rheumatism1 in the subacute or chronic form1 is frequently observed in medical practice4 ,the symptoms are pain and more or less swelling of the joints1 although not of as grave a character as in acute rheumatism4 ,there is frequently an absence of increased heat and redness4 ,as in the acute form1 the different joints are liable to be affected successively and irregularly1 until1 after a time1 the disease becomes fixed in a single joint1 and the fibrous tissues entering into the ligaments and tendons are liable to be affected4 ,the appetite1 digestion1 and nutrition are often good1 and1 in mild cases1 patients are able to pursue their daily vocations4 ,the disease is supposed to be the same as in the acute form1 but milder1 and1 strange to say1 more persistent4 ,a diseased condition of the blood is supposed to be involved in both instances1 but this morbid state is less extended1 and1 at the same time1 more obstinate in the chronic than in the acute form4 ,sub-acute articular rheumatism is not always chronic1 and may disappear in a shorter time than in the acute form4 ,chronic articular rheumatism is not generally fatal1 but there is danger of permanent deformities4 ,,muscular ,,rheumatism4 ,this affection is closely allied to neuralgia1 and may properly be called myalgia4 ,it exists under two forms1 acute and chronic4 ,in acute muscular rheumatism1 there is at first a dull pain in the muscles1 which gradually increases4 ,when the affected muscles are not used the pain is slight1 and certain positions may be assumed without inducing it constantly2 but in movements which involve contraction of the muscles the pain is very violent4 ,in some cases1 the disease is movable1 changing from one muscle to another1 but usually it remains fixed in the muscle first attacked4 ,the appetite and digestion are not often impaired1 and there is no fever4 ,the duration of this form of rheumatism varies from a few hours to a week or more4 ,in subacute or chronic muscular rheumatism1 pain is excited only when the affected muscles are contracted with unusual force1 and then it is similar to that experienced in the acute form4 ,the chronic form is more apt to change its position than the acute4 ,the duration of this form is indefinite4 ,in both the acute and chronic forms some particular parts of the body are more subject to the affection than others4 ,the muscles on the posterior part of the neck are subject to rheumatic affection4 ,it is termed torticollis or cervical rheumatism in such cases1 and should be distinguished from ordinary neuralgia4 ,when the muscles of the loins are affected1 it is commonly known as lumbago4 ,in case the thoracic muscles are affected1 it is known as pleurodynia4 ,in coughing1 sneezing1 and the like1 the pain produced is not unlike that in pleuritis and intercostal neuralgia4 ,one of the most marked features of muscular rheumatism1 is the cramp-like pain1 induced by the movements of the affected muscles1 whereas the pain is slight when those muscles are uncontracted4 ,this feature is very serviceable in distinguishing muscular rheumatism1 or myalgia1 from neuralgic affections4 ,another trait which distinguishes muscular rheumatism from neuralgia1 is that the former is characterized by great soreness1 while the latter is not4 ,there is also a distinction between inflammation of the muscles and muscular rheumatism4 ,in the case of the former1 there is continued pain1 swelling of the parts1 occasional redness1 and the presence of more or less fever1 which conditions do not exist in the latter4 ,persons subject to rheumatism of the muscles1 are apt to suffer from an attack1 after exposure of the body to a draught of air during sleep1 or when in a state of perspiration4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,acute ,,rheumatism4 ,administer the spirit vapor-bath to produce free perspiration1 which should be maintained by full doses of the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed4 ,the anodyne properties of the latter also prove very valuable in allaying the pain4 ,tincture or fluid extract of aconite root may also be employed1 to assist in equalizing the circulation1 and also to secure its anodyne action4 ,black cohosh seems to exert a specific and salutary influence in this disease1 and the tincture or fluid extract of the root of this plant may be advantageously combined with the aconite4 ,take fluid extract of aconite-root1 thirty drops2 fluid extract of black cohosh1 one drachm2 water1 fifteen teaspoonfuls2 mix4 ,the dose is one teaspoonful every hour4 ,the whole person should be frequently bathed with warm water1 rendered alkaline by the addition of saleratus or soda4 ,the painful joints may be packed with wool or with cloths wrung from the hot saleratus water1 and the patient kept warm and quiet in bed4 ,the acetate of potash taken in doses of five grains1 well diluted with water1 every three or four hours1 is very valuable in acute rheumatism4 ,its alkaline qualities tend to neutralize the acid condition of the fluids of the system1 and it also possesses diuretic properties which act upon the kidneys1 removing the offending blood-poison from the system through these organs4 ,if the joints are very painful1 cloths wet with the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed and applied to them1 and covered with hot fomentations1 very frequently relieve the suffering4 ,the majority of cases yield quite promptly to the course of treatment already advised1 if it is persevered in4 ,the disease1 however1 sometimes proves obstinate and resists for many days the best treatment yet known to the medical profession4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,chronic ,,rheumatism4 ,the general alkaline baths recommended in the acute affection are also valuable in the chronic4 ,the spirit vapor-bath1 the ,turkish1 as well as the sulphur vapor-bath1 are all worthy of a trial in this obstinate and painful disease4 ,alternatives are a very valuable class of agents in chronic rheumatism4 ,the following mixture1 in teaspoonful doses three times a day1 in alternation with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 has proved very successful in this disease3 acetate of potash1 one ounce2 fluid extract of black cohosh1 one ounce2 fluid extract of poison hemlock1 two drachms2 simple syrup1 six ounces4 ,this thorough alterative course1 if well persevered in1 together with the use of alkaline and vapor-baths1 will generally prove very successful4 ,the specialist1 however1 dealing with chronic diseases exclusively1 will occasionally meet with a case which has been the rounds of the home physicians without benefit1 that will tax his skill and require the exercise of all his perceptive faculties to determine the exact condition of the patient's system1 upon which the obstinacy of the disease depends4 ,when this is ascertained1 the remedies will naturally suggest themselves1 and the malady will generally yield to them4 ,but1 although the treatment of this disease has entered largely into our practice at the ,invalid's ,hotel1 and has been attended by the most happy results1 yet the cases have presented so great a diversity of abnormal features1 and have required so many variations in the course of treatment1 to be met successfully1 that we frankly acknowledge our inability to so instruct the unprofessional reader as to enable him to detect the various systemic faults common to this ever-varying disease1 and adjust remedies to them1 so as to make the treatment uniformly successful4 ,if the several plans of treatment which we have given do not conquer the disease1 we can not better advise the invalid than to recommend him to employ a physician of well-known skill in the treatment of chronic diseases4 ,if such a one is not accessible for personal consultation1 a careful statement of all the prominent symptoms1 in writing1 may be forwarded to a specialist of large experience in this disease1 who will readily detect the real fault1 in which the ailment has its foundation4 ,particularly easy will it be for him to do so1 if he be an expert in the analysis of urine4 ,a vial of that which is first passed in the morning1 should be sent with the history of the case1 as chronic rheumatism effects characteristic changes in this excretion1 which clearly and unmistakably indicate the abnormal condition of the fluids of the body upon which the disease depends4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,skin4 ,,eczematous ,,affections4 ,eczematous affections constitute a very important class of skin diseases1 the prominent characteristics of which are eruption and itching4 ,they are progressive in character1 passing through all the successive stages of development1 from mere redness of the skin to desquamation1 or thickening of the cuticle4 ,the affections belonging to this group are eczema1 psoriasis1 pityriasis1 lichen1 impetigo1 gutta rosacea1 and scabies1 or itch4 ,a careful examination of each of these diseases shows it to be a modified form of eczema1 and1 therefore1 they demand similar treatment4 ,,eczema4 7,humid ,tetter1 ,salt-rheum1 ,running ,scall1 or ,heat ,eruption47 ,the term eczema is used to designate the commonest kind of skin diseases4 ,in this disease1 the minute blood-vessels are congested causing the skin to be more vascular and redder than in its natural state4 ,there is an itching or smarting in the affected parts4 ,the skin is raised in the form of little pimples or vesicles1 and a watery lymph exudes4 ,sometimes the skin becomes detached and is replaced by a crust of hardened lymph1 or it may be partially reproduced1 forming squam1 or scales4 ,there are three stages of this disease2 the inflammatory1 accompanied by swelling1 and the formation of pimples or vesicles2 that of exudation1 which is succeeded by incrustation2 and that of desquamation1 in which the skin separates in little scales and sometimes becomes thickened4 ,rarely1 if ever1 does the disease pass through these successive stages1 but it is modified by its location and the temperament of the patient4 ,the many varieties of eczema are designated according to their predominating characteristics4 ,thus1 when pimples or vesicles are abundant1 it is termed1 respectively1 eczema papulosum and eczema vesiculosum1 a fine illustration of which may be seen in ,colored ,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #a4 ,again1 when characterized by the eruption of pustules1 it is termed eczema pustulosum1 a representation of which may be seen in ,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #b2 and1 when the prominent feature is the formation of scales1 it is termed eczema squamosum4 ,eczema may be general or partial2 in other words1 the eruption may appear in patches or be distributed over the entire surface of the body4 ,the latter form often appears in infants1 but rarely occurs in adults4 ,two or more varieties of the eruption may be associated1 or one form may gradually develop into another4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #e4 ,infants and young children are peculiarly subject to this disorder1 and1 if the disease be not promptly arrested1 it will assume the severest form and eventually become chronic4 ,the muscles are soft1 the eyes are dull and expressionless1 and the little sufferer experiences the most excruciating torments4 ,frequently the whole body is covered with patches of eczema1 the secretions are arrested1 and1 where the scales fall off1 the skin is left dry and feverish4 ,eczema has no symptoms proper1 since the morbid feelings are due to constitutional debility1 of which eczema is the result4 ,the signs of eczema are redness1 heat1 an itching or smarting sensation1 the formation of pimples or vesicles1 exudation1 incrustation1 the separation of the cuticle into scales and a gradual thickening of the skin4 ,,causes4 ,three forms of constitutional derangement predispose the system to eczema2 nutritive1 assimilative1 and nervous debility4 ,in the former1 there is a diminution of nutritive power1 so that the patient becomes weak and emaciated4 ,assimilative debility is indicated by an impaired digestion and a consequent suppression1 or an abnormal state of the secretions4 ,eczema occasioned by nervous debility1 is accompanied by all the morbid conditions incident to irritation and exhaustion of the nervous system4 ,eczema may be excited by a violation of the rules of hygiene1 as undue exposure1 or sudden transition from heat to cold1 deficient or excessive exercise1 impure air1 or improper clothing4 ,,psoriasis4 ,psoriasis may be defined as a chronic form of eczema4 ,the transition of the last stage of eczema into psoriasis is indicated by a tendency of the inflamed1 thickened1 scaly skin to become moist when rubbed4 ,it usually appears in patches on various portions of the body4 ,the skin is parched and highly discolored4 ,the hairs are harsh and scanty4 ,the patient is constantly tormented by an unbearable itching sensation and1 if the skin is rubbed1 it exudes a viscous or sticky fluid4 ,these are the characteristic signs of psoriasis4 ,it generally appears on the flexures1 folds and crooks of the joints1 the backs and palms of the hands1 the arms1 and the lower portions of the legs4 ,,pityriasis4 7,branny ,tetter1 or ,dandruff47 ,this affection is a mild form of psoriasis1 from which it may be distinguished by a more superficial congestion or inflammation of the affected parts1 the absence of swelling1 and the formation of smaller scales1 having the form and appearance of fine bran4 ,it generally appears on the scalp1 sometimes extends over the face1 and1 in rare instances1 affects the entire surface of the body4 ,the signs peculiar to this disease are slight inflammation1 itching1 and the formation of minute scales4 ,,causes4 ,pityriasis is caused by nutritive debility1 and is often associated with erysipelas1 rheumatism1 and bronchitis4 ,,lichen4 7,papular ,rash47 ,lichen is a term used to designate an eruption of minute conical pimples1 which are more or less transparent1 red1 and occasion great annoyance4 ,the eruption is attended with a severe1 hot1 prickling sensation1 as if the flesh were punctured with hot needles4 ,the pimples contain no pus1 but if opened1 they exude a small quantity of blood and serum4 ,this disease more frequently occurs between the ages of twelve and fifty1 but occasionally appears during dentition1 when it is called tooth rash4 ,the lichen pimples are sometimes dispersed singly over the skin and gradually subside1 forming a minute scale1 corresponding in position with the summit of the pimple4 ,when the pimples appear in clusters1 there is a diffused redness in the affected part1 and1 if they are irritated1 minute scabs will be formed4 ,lichen generally appears on the upper portion of the body1 as on the face1 arms1 hands1 back1 and chest4 ,the various forms of lichen are designated according to their causes1 signs1 location1 manner of distribution1 and the form of the pimples4 ,lichen ,simplex is the simplest form of this disorder1 and is indicated by the appearance of minute pimples1 which1 when the distribution is general1 are arranged like the blotches of measles4 ,sometimes the eruption is local and bounded by the limits of an article of clothing1 as at the waist4 ,in eight or ten days1 the cuticle separates into minute scales1 which are detached and thrown off2 but a new crop of pimples soon appears and runs the same course1 only to be succeeded by another1 and thus the affection continues for months and even years4 ,lichen circumscriptus is an aggravated form of lichen simplex1 and is characterized by a circular arrangement of the pimples4 ,the circumference which marks the limit of the patch is sharply defined4 ,this form of lichen usually appears on the chest1 hips1 or limbs1 and is not unfrequently mistaken for ringworm4 ,lichen strophulosus is a variety peculiar to infants4 ,dermatologists recognize several subdivisions of this species1 but the general characteristics are the same in all4 ,the pimples are much larger than in the other forms of lichen1 of a vivid red color and the duration of the eruption is limited to two or three weeks4 ,lichen urticatus is also an infantile affection and begins with inflammation1 which is soon succeeded by the eruption4 ,in a few days the pimples shrink1 the redness disappears1 and the skin has a peculiar bleached appearance4 ,the eruption is attended by an intense itching sensation and1 if the skin is ruptured1 a small quantity of blood is discharged and a black scab formed4 ,this variety of lichen is very obstinate and of long duration4 ,lichen tropicus1 popularly known as prickly heat1 is an affection which attacks ,europeans in hot climates4 ,it is characterized by the appearance of numerous red pimples of an irregular form1 distributed over those portions of the body usually covered by the clothing4 ,it is attended with a fierce1 burning1 itching sensation1 which is aggravated by warm drinks1 friction of the clothing1 and the heat of the bed4 ,the eruption indicates a healthy condition of the system2 its suppression or retrocession is an unfavorable symptom1 denoting some internal affection such as deranged nutrition4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #f4 ,fig4 #g4 ,fig4 #h4 ,fig4 #i4 ,fig4 #aj4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,fig4 #ac4 ,in lichen planus1 as the term indicates1 the pimples are flattened4 ,there is no sensation of itching or formation of scabs4 ,the pimples are solitary and have an angular base1 and the fresh pimples formed appear on the spaces between the former eruptions4 ,this affection usually attacks some particular region1 such as the abdomen1 hips1 or chest4 ,instances are recorded in which it has appeared on the tongue and the lining membrane of the mouth4 ,sometimes it appears in patches1 but even then1 the margin of each pimple can be discerned4 ,lichen pilaris and lividus are modifications of lichen simplex1 the former being so named to describe the location of the pimples1 i4e41 surrounding the minute hairs which cover the body1 especially the lower limbs4 ,the term lichen lividus indicates the dark purplish hue caused by a torpid circulation and the consequent change of arterial into venous blood before leaving the pimples4 ,lichen circinatus is a modified form of lichen circumspectus4 ,the pimples in the center of the circular patch subside and a ring is formed which gradually increases in size4 ,when the rings become broken or extend in regular forms1 the affection is termed lichen gyratus4 ,,causes4 ,constitutional debility predisposes the system to this eruption4 ,the exciting causes are irritation of the skin1 strumous diathesis1 dentition1 and any violation of hygienic rules4 ,although lichen is not a fatal disease1 yet it tends to reduce the vitality of the system4 ,,impetigo4 7,crusted ,tetter or ,scall47 ,impetigo is a term applied to an inflammation of the skin1 more severe and energetic in its character than the preceding affection4 ,we have found the predominating characteristics of eczema and lichen to be the presence of exudation in the former1 and the absence of it in the latter4 ,impetigo is marked by the formation of yellow pus1 which raises the cuticle into pustules4 ,there is a slight swelling1 redness1 and the pus gradually dries up1 forming an amber-colored crust1 a representation of which is given in ,colored ,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #e4 ,it soon falls1 leaving the skin slightly inflammed1 but with no scar4 ,the pustules are sometimes surrounded by a cluster of smaller ones4 ,the varieties of impetigo are designated according to the distribution of the pustules4 ,impetigo figurata1 is characterized by the appearance of large clusters upon an inflamed and swollen surface1 generally upon the face1 but sometimes upon the scalp4 ,this form is represented in ,colored ,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #d4 ,in impetigo sparsa the pustules are scattered over the whole body4 ,,causes4 ,the predisposing cause of impetigo is nutritive debility1 and the exciting causes are irritation1 impure air1 and errors of diet4 ,,gutta ,,rosacea is a progressive disease1 and its successive stages of development mark the several varieties1 such as gutta rosacea1 erythematosa1 papulosa1 tuberculosa1 pustulosa1 according as they are characterized by redness1 pimples1 tubercles1 or pustules4 ,this affection is attended with heat1 itching1 and throbbing4 ,the pustules contain serous lymph1 which exudes if the cuticle be broken1 and forms a crust at the summit of the pustule4 ,this eruption often appears on the face of persons addicted to intemperate habits1 and has thus received the name of rum blossom4 ,,cause4 ,it is essentially a chronic affection1 and depends upon constitutional causes4 ,,scabies4 7,itch47 ,this disease is characterized by a profuse scaliness of the skin1 by an eruption of pimples1 vesicles1 and1 in rare instances1 of pustules4 ,its prominent feature is an intense itching1 so aggravating that1 in many instances1 the skin is torn by the nails4 ,unlike other diseases of the skin1 it is not due to inflammation1 but is caused by animalcul1 or little parasites1 termed by naturalists the acarus scabiei4 ,this minute animal burrows in the skin1 irritating it1 and thus producing the scaliness and itching4 ,the vesicles are comparatively few in number1 and contain a transparent fluid4 ,the pustules are only present in the severest forms or when the skin is very thin and tender4 ,it is then termed pustular itch4 ,the parts usually affected are the hands1 flexures of the joints1 and the genital organs4 ,cases are recorded1 in which scabies appeared upon the face and head1 but they are of rare occurrence4 ,the activity of the animalcul1 is modified by the vitality of the victim4 ,in persons of a vigorous constitution1 they will rapidly multiply1 and1 in a few days after their first appearance1 will be found in almost every part of the body4 ,scabies is not confined to any age or sex1 but chiefly affects persons of filthy habits4 ,this disease can only be communicated by contact1 or by articles of clothing worn by an infected person4 ,there are certain indications which predispose the system to infection1 such as robust health1 a hot climate1 and uncleanliness4 ,,treatment4 ,in all the varieties of eczematous affections1 except scabies1 the treatment of which will hereafter be separately considered1 remedies employed with a view to the removal of the constitutional fault are of the greatest importance4 ,the eruption upon the skin is but a local manifestation of a functional fault1 which must be overcome by alterative remedies4 ,all the excretory organs should be kept active4 ,to open the bowels1 administer a full cathartic dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,afterwards they should be used in broken doses of one or two daily1 in order to obtain their peculiar alterative effects4 ,the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is also necessary to secure its constitutional remedial benefits4 ,as a local corrective to relieve the itching and disagreeable dryness of the skin1 add half an ounce of blood-root to half a pint of vinegar1 steep moderately for two hours1 strain and paint the affected parts once or twice daily with the liquid4 ,every night before retiring1 apply glycerine freely to all the affected parts1 or dissolve one drachm of oxalic acid in four ounces of glycerine and anoint the skin freely4 ,the white precipitate ointment1 obtainable at any drug store1 is an excellent application is most forms of eczema4 ,a tea1 or infusion1 of black walnut leaves1 applied as a lotion to the affected parts1 has also proved beneficial4 ,the surface of the body should be kept clean by frequent bathing1 and thus stimulating its capillary vessels to healthy activity4 ,the eczematous surfaces should not be bathed frequently1 and never with harsh or irritating soaps4 ,all varieties of eczematous affections1 except scabies1 are only temporarily relieved by external applications1 while the radical cure depends upon a protracted use of alterative1 or blood-cleansing medicines4 ,therefore1 we would again remind the reader of the necessity of keeping the bowels regular1 and removing all morbid taints of the blood and faults of the secretory organs by the persistent use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the successful treatment of scabies1 or common itch1 generally requires only local applications1 for the object to be obtained is simply the destruction of the little insects which cause the eruption4 ,happily1 we possess an unfailing specific for this purpose4 ,numerous agents have been employed with success1 but ,sulphur enjoys the greatest reputation for efficacy1 and1 since it is perfectly harmless1 we advise it for this class of disease4 ,take a quantity of pulverized sulphur and mix with sufficient vaseline or lard to form an ointment4 ,having first divested the body of clothing1 anoint it all over freely1 and rub the ointment thoroughly into the pores of the skin while standing before a hot fire4 ,the application should be made at night before retiring1 and the patient should wear woolen night-clothes or lie between woolen blankets4 ,in the morning after the application1 the patient should take a warm bath1 washing the skin thoroughly and using plenty of soap4 ,this treatment should be repeated two or three times to be certain of a perfect eradication of the disease4 ,after this course of treatment1 the wearing apparel as well as the bed-clothes should be thoroughly cleansed1 as a precaution against a return of the disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,erythematous ,,affections4 ,the prominent features1 eruption1 and itching of eczematous affections are purely local4 ,erythematous affections are1 however1 remarkable for their symptoms of constitutional disorder4 ,each of these affections is preceded by intense febrile excitement and nervous debility4 ,in brief1 the local manifestations are simply signs of general internal disorders2 hence1 the treatment should be directed to the restoration of the system4 ,this group includes erythema1 erysipelas1 and urticaria4 ,,erythema4 ,a vivid and partial flushing of the face is produced by a superficial inflammation of the skin1 termed erythema4 ,there are many stages of this disease1 from the instantaneous transient flush caused by emotional excitement1 to the protracted inflammation and swelling of erythema nodosum4 ,the affection is characterized by a flush which is at first a bright vivid scarlet1 but which changes to a deep purplish tint4 ,there is a slight elevation of the skin1 sometimes accompanied by itching4 ,in the second stage of development1 the flush subsides1 the skin has a yellowish or bruised appearance1 and a few minute scales are formed4 ,in erythema papulosum1 a fine representation of which is given in ,colored ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #ah1 there is an eruption of red pimples or pustules4 ,the prominent feature of erythema nodosum1 a variety of erythema which affects those portions of the skin exposed to the sun1 is the appearance of a large swelling1 usually lasting four or five days and attended by constitutional symptoms1 such as nausea1 fever1 languor1 and despondency4 ,the disease is associated with the symptoms incident to a disordered nervous system and sometimes results fatally1 in other cases1 it terminates in melancholy and mania4 ,,causes4 ,the predisposing causes of erythema are constitutional debility1 changes of climate and temperature1 and irritating food or medicines4 ,locally1 it may be produced by friction and the heat of the sun4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,fig4 #ad4 ,fig4 #ae4 ,fig4 #af4 ,fig4 #bj4 ,fig4 #ag4 ,fig4 #ai4 ,fig4 #ah4 ,,erysipelas4 ,there are few adult persons in this country who have not1 by observation or experience1 become somewhat familiar with this disease4 ,its manifestations are both constitutional and local1 and their intensity varies exceedingly in different cases4 ,the constitutional symptoms are usually the first to appear1 and are of a febrile character4 ,a distinct chill1 attended by nausea and general derangement of the stomach is experienced1 followed by febrile symptoms more or less severe4 ,there are wandering pains in the body and sometimes a passive delirium exists4 ,simultaneously with these symptoms the local manifestations of the disease appear4 ,a red spot develops on the face the ear1 or other part of the person4 ,its boundary is clearly marked and the affected portion slightly raised above the surrounding surface4 ,it is characterized by a burning pain and is very sensitive to the touch4 ,it is not necessary for the information of the general reader that we should draw a distinction between the different varieties of this malady4 ,the distinctions made are founded chiefly upon the depth to which the morbid condition extends1 and not on any difference in the nature of the affection4 ,suppuration of the tissues involved is common in the severer forms4 ,should the tongue become dark and diarrhea set in1 attended with great prostration1 the case is very serious1 and energetic means should be employed to save life4 ,a retrocession of the inflammation from the surface to a vital organ is an extremely dangerous symptom4 ,the disease is not regarded as contagious1 but has been known to become epidemic4 ,,urticaria4 7,hives1 or ,nettle-,rash47 ,this word is derived from urtica1 signifying a nettle2 it is a transient affection of the skin1 indicated by a fierce1 burning1 itching sensation and a development of pustules1 or white blotches of various forms4 ,a representation of this eruption is given in ,colored ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #ag4 ,it is appropriately named nettle-rash1 from its resemblance to the irritation caused by the sting of a nettle4 ,there is the same sharp1 tingling sensation and a similar white wheal or blotch1 caused by the muscular spasm of the corium1 a layer of the skin4 ,urticaria may be either acute or chronic4 ,acute urticaria is always preceded by febrile symptoms and the attack is indicated by a sudden congestion of the skin1 followed by a slight swelling or elevation of the affected part4 ,when the congestion subsides1 the skin has a bruised appearance4 ,in chronic urticaria1 the febrile symptoms are absent4 ,,causes4 ,the exciting causes of urticaria are gastric disorder1 irritation of the mucous membrane1 or a sudden nervous shock4 ,the predisposing causes are conceded to be assimilative and nervous debility4 ,hence1 it frequently accompanies purpura or land scurvy and rheumatism4 ,the skin in some persons is so susceptible to irritation that urticaria can be kindled at any moment by excitement1 as an animated conversation1 or by the simple pressure of the hand4 ,,treatment4 ,the proper treatment for simple erythema consists in applying to the affected parts a little lime-water1 or sweet-oil1 or glycerine1 with the use of warm baths and mild cathartics4 ,this is generally sufficient to effect a cure1 if followed up with the persistent use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery taken three times a day4 ,in erysipelas a hot bath1 with warm1 sweating teas1 or1 better still4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed may be given to favor sweating4 ,the whole person should be frequently bathed with warm water rendered alkaline by the addition of saleratus or soda4 ,the whole should be moved by a full dose of the ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,fluid extract of veratrum viride1 in doses of a drop or two every hour will best control the fever4 ,the specific treatment1 that which antidotes the poison in the blood1 consists in administering fifteen-drop doses of the tincture of the muriate of iron in one teaspoonful of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 every three hours4 ,as a local application1 the inflamed surface may be covered with cloths wet in the mucilage of slippery elm4 ,a preparation of equal parts of sweet oil and spirits of turpentine1 mixed and painted over the surface1 is an application of great efficacy4 ,for urticaria1 the ,pleasant ,pellets should be administered in sufficient doses to move the bowels1 the skin bathed with warm water rendered alkaline by the addition of common baking soda or saleratus1 and1 if there be any febrile symptoms1 a little tincture of aconite or veratrum may be administered in one drop doses once each hour4 ,in the chronic form of the disease1 the diet should be light1 unstimulating1 and easily digested1 the skin kept clean by frequent bathing1 and fresh air and outdoor exercises freely taken4 ,the somewhat protracted use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery will result in the greatest benefit in this form of disease4 ,,bullous ,,affections4 ,the distinguishing feature of this group of cutaneous affections is the formation of bull1 or blebs1 which are defined as eminences of the cuticle1 containing a fluid4 ,,herpes is an inflammation of the skin in which the eruption appears in patches of a circular form4 ,on the second day1 minute1 transparent vesicles appear and gradually develop1 becoming opalescent4 ,on the succeeding days1 they shrink and produce reddish brown scabs1 which soon become hard and fall off1 leaving deep1 purplish pits4 ,in adults1 these vesicles sometimes terminate in painful ulcers1 caused by an irritation of the eruption4 ,by some practitioners1 herpes is regarded as a purely nervous disorder1 from the fact that it is frequently accompanied by severe neuralgic pains4 ,these pains are not constant1 but occasional1 and do not appear at any definite stage of the disease4 ,sometimes they precede and accompany the eruption4 ,other instances are recorded in which they remained many years after the disease had disappeared4 ,the local and constant pain of herpes is a severe burning1 prickling1 itching sensation1 which remains after the scabs fall4 ,the three general forms of this disease are herpes zoster1 phlyctoenodes and circinatus4 ,in herpes zoster1 or shingles1 the clusters of vesicles encircle one-half of the body1 frequently at the waist2 hence1 it has received the name of zona or girdle4 ,the vesicles often develop into bull1 and sometimes ulcerate4 ,in herpes phlyctoenodes1 the vesicles are small1 round1 and irregularly distributed over the face1 neck1 arms1 and breast4 ,this form is accompanied by febrile symptoms and offensive excretions4 ,in herpes circinatus1 or ringworm1 the vesicles appear in circular patches1 or rings4 ,this is the mildest form of herpes1 and is not attended by symptoms of constitutional disorder4 ,the various forms of herpes are represented in ,colored ,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #c4 ,,causes4 ,herpes is not contagious4 ,it is caused by vicissitudes of heat and cold1 violent emotions1 excessive exertion1 irritation of the skin1 and a general atony of the system4 ,,miliaria is the name given to an eruption of vesicles which are larger than those of eczema1 but smaller than the bull of herpes4 ,at first1 the serum contained in the vesicles is perfectly transparent1 and reflects the red tint of the underlying skin1 hence the name miliaria rubra4 ,but gradually it becomes milky and opalescent1 hence1 the term miliaria alba4 ,the vesicles of miliaria are generally solitary1 and appear on those portions of the body most liable to become heated and to perspire4 ,the eruption is preceded by chills1 languor1 slight fever1 intense thirst1 a sharp prickling sensation of the skin1 and profuse perspiration4 ,the vesicles soon desiccate and are replaced by a new crop4 ,,causes4 ,miliaria is almost universally an accompaniment of febrile disease1 and all disorders in which there occurs a profuse perspiration4 ,the causes to which it may be traced in each instance are improper diet1 impure air1 burdensome clothing1 or strong emotions4 ,,pemphigus is a peculiar eruption which appears upon the limbs and abdomen4 ,the affected part is of a bright red color1 and1 in a few hours1 small vesicles appear containing a transparent fluid4 ,the vesicles soon develop into bull1 entirely covering the inflamed portion4 ,the fluid becomes opaque and in a few hours escapes4 ,the patch is then covered with a yellow scab4 ,pemphigus may be either acute or chronic4 ,the acute form is subdivided according to the degree of inflammation1 as pemphigus pompholyx in which it is severe1 and pemphigus benignus1 when it is mild4 ,the bull of pemphigus are illustrated in ,colored ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #ai4 ,,cause4 ,pemphigus is always caused by a vitiated state of the system4 ,,rupia is indicated by an eruption as large as a chestnut containing a watery fluid1 which desiccates into a yellowish-brown crust4 ,a fine representation of rupia vesicles in both stages of development1 is given in ,colored ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #ac4 ,,treatment4 ,in all forms of herpes1 the administration of a small dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 with the use of his ,golden ,medical ,discovery in one to two teaspoonful doses three times a day1 will be followed by the happiest results4 ,the skin should be kept clean by the use of the sponge-bath1 rendered alkaline by the addition of common baking soda or saleratus4 ,the portion of the body covered by the eruption1 should be bathed with a solution of sulphate of zinc1 one ounce to a pint of water4 ,miliaria is generally associated with certain febrile diseases1 and its proper treatment consists in overcoming the febrile and other constitutional symptoms which accompany the disease4 ,a hot foot-bath and small doses of tincture of aconite1 say one drop in water each hour1 will suffice to remove the fever4 ,if the stomach and bowels are in a vitiated condition1 as they are apt to be1 a mild cathartic dose of ,pellets should be given4 ,the treatment of pemphigus should consist in frequent alkaline sponge-baths1 and in covering the affected parts with poultices of slippery elm1 which should be kept moist with vinegar1 ,the constitutional treatment should embrace the persistent use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,when the disease occurs in children1 it is most generally dependent upon deficient nutrition1 and special attention should be given to the diet of the patient1 which should be nutritious4 ,fresh air and outdoor exercise ought not to be neglected4 ,the proper treatment of rupia does not differ from that suggested for pemphigus4 ,,nervous ,,affections ,,of ,,the ,,skin4 ,in nervous affections of the skin1 the natural sensibility may be increased1 diminished1 or perverted4 ,these morbid impressions arise from the nervous system4 ,although there are several varieties of these affections1 yet1 being of minor importance1 we shall omit their consideration and only speak of one of them in this work4 ,,prurigo affects the entire surface of the body and imparts to the skin a parched1 yellowish appearance4 ,it is characterized by pimples1 and an intense burning1 itching sensation4 ,rubbing and scratching only irritate the skin1 which becomes covered with thin black scabs4 ,a good representation of prurigo may be seen in ,colored ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #f4 ,the itching sensations are sometimes caused by chilling the body1 by violent exercise1 and heat2 allowing the mind to dwell upon the affection aggravates it4 ,prurigo is recognized under two forms2 vulgaris1 which is a mild form1 and senilis1 which chiefly occurs in old age1 and is more severe4 ,the external genital parts of females are frequently affected with this disease1 and it is aggravated by menstruation and uncleanliness4 ,this affection may be due to a vitiated condition of the blood1 and is common among those who are greatly debilitated4 ,it is frequently occasioned by uncleanliness1 intemperance1 the use of unwholesome food1 or by an impure atmosphere4 ,,treatment4 ,to allay the itching1 take glycerine1 one ounce1 add to it one drachm of sulphite of soda1 and one ounce of rose-water1 and apply this to the affected parts4 ,a solution made with borax1 two drachms1 and morphine1 fire grains1 dissolved in six ounces of rose-water1 makes an excellent lotion to allay the itching4 ,if the disease be severe1 it will be necessary to correct the vitiated condition of the blood by a protracted use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and to aid its effects1 give one ,pleasant ,pellet every day1 not to operate as a cathartic1 but only to exert an alterative influence4 ,,alphous ,,affections4 7,,scaly ,,skin ,,diseases47 ,differences of opinion exist with regard to the proper classification of these affections4 ,we shall briefly consider alphos1 which is sometimes confounded with lepra4 ,,alphos1 which from its ,greek derivation signifies white1 is characterized by circular1 slightly raised white spots4 ,these eruptions vary in size from one line to two inches in diameter1 and may be scattered over the entire surface of the body1 although they most frequently appear upon the elbows and knees4 ,alphos may consist of a single tubercle1 or of large clusters constituting patches4 ,the scales vary in color and thickness4 ,in ,colored ,plate ,,iii1 ,figs4 #ad and #ae1 are fine illustrations of alphos4 ,when a person begins to recover from this affection1 the scales fall off1 leaving a smooth red surface1 which gradually returns to its natural color4 ,this disease is more liable to occur in winter than in summer1 although in some cases the reverse holds true4 ,it may disappear for a time1 only to return again with renewed vigor4 ,it is not regarded as contagious4 ,,treatment4 ,thorough and protracted constitutional treatment is required to overcome this disease4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken internally and also applied locally to the affected parts4 ,to every other bottle of the ,discovery which is taken1 one-half ounce of the iodide of potash may be added4 ,one or two of the ,pellets taken daily will prove a useful adjunct to the ,discovery4 ,locally1 we have sometimes applied a lotion made of oxide of zinc1 one-half drachm2 benzoic acid1 two drachms2 morphine1 five grains2 glycerine1 two ounces4 ,tincture of the chloride of iron1 one drachm in one ounce of glycerine1 makes an excellent local application4 ,whatever the local treatment may be1 however1 we chiefly rely upon the persistent use of the best alteratives1 or blood-cleansing medicines4 ,,affections ,,of ,,the ,,hair-,,follicles4 ,,favus 7,scald ,head7 is a disease peculiar to the hair-follicles1 and is indicated by the formation of small yellow crusts1 having the form of an inverted cup4 ,the eruption has a very offensive odor4 ,when it appears in isolated cups1 it is termed favus dispersus1 but it often occurs in large clusters1 as represented in ,colored ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #ab1 and is then termed favus confertus4 ,it generally affects the scalp1 but sometimes extends to the face and neck4 ,,cause4 ,favus is caused by nutritive debility1 which results in a perverted cell-growth4 ,,sycosis 7,barber's ,itch7 is an inflammatory affection of the hair follicles of the face4 ,the prominent features of the disease are redness and the formation of scales4 ,it is peculiar to males4 ,it has received various names1 according to its predominating characteristics1 such as sycosis papulosa1 tuberculosa1 and fungulosa4 ,colored ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #aj1 is a line illustration of sycosis as it appears on the cheek4 ,,causes4 ,various causes induce the appearance of sycosis4 ,the general causes are nutritive debility1 vicissitudes of heat and cold1 and an exhausted state of the nervous system4 ,it may also result from various chronic diseases1 such as syphilis and dyspepsia4 ,,comedones1 or grubs1 are due to a retention of the sebaceous matter in the follicles4 ,the sebaceous substance undergoes a change1 becoming granular and somewhat hardened4 ,it gradually extends to the mouth of the follicle1 where it comes in contact with the atmosphere1 and assumes a dark color1 as represented in ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #h4 ,this fact1 together with its peculiar form when squeezed out of the skin1 has caused it to be termed grub4 ,they often appear in great numbers on the face of persons whose circulation is not active1 or those who are of a particularly nervous temperament4 ,stimulating baths and friction will prove very efficacious in removing these cylinders of sebaceous matter4 ,if they are allowed to remain1 they will produce an irritation of the skin causing an inflammatory disease known as acne1 or stone-pock4 ,,acne ,,or ,,stone-,,pock4 ,in the earliest stage of congestion1 acne is characterized by minute hardened elevations of the skin1 as shown in ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #i1 and is termed acne punctata4 ,as the affection progresses1 a bright red pimple1 ,plate ,,ii1 ,fig4 #aa1 appears1 having a conical form1 hence the name acne coniformis4 ,the pimple develops into a pustule containing yellow matter1 and is then known as acne pustulosa4 ,this is followed by a thickening of the tissues1 termed acne tuberculata4 ,when the thicker skin is removed1 it leaves a deep scar1 hence the term acne indurata4 ,,causes4 ,the remote cause of acne is nutritive debility4 ,the immediate causes are rapid growth1 anmia1 improper food1 errors of hygiene1 mental exhaustion1 and various chronic diseases4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment of favus or scald-head should be commenced by shaving the hair off close to the scalp and washing the head thoroughly with soap and water4 ,in some severe cases1 it may be necessary to soften the incrustations with poultices1 following these with a free use of soap and water4 ,having thus exposed the scalp and thoroughly divested it of incrustations1 apply to it the ointment of iodide of sulphur1 which may be procured at any good drug store4 ,it should be gently rubbed over the parts night and morning4 ,the scalp ought to be kept perfectly clean throughout the treatment4 ,instead of the foregoing1 the following may be applied3 ,take oxalic acid1 ten grains2 creosote1 twenty drops2 water1 two ounces2 mix4 ,half an hour after using this lotion1 anoint the head freely with butter or lard2 it will add greatly to the efficacy of the treatment4 ,but while local applications will relieve many skin diseases and mitigate suffering1 we cannot too strongly impress upon the minds of our readers the importance1 in this as in all other chronic diseases of the skin1 of perseverance in the use of the best alteratives4 ,in this class of agents ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery stands pre-eminent4 ,its efficacy may be increased in this disease by adding to each bottle one ounce of the acetate of potash1 and1 when thus modified1 it may be administered in the same manner as if no addition had been made to it4 ,the ,treatment of ,sycosis should be essentially the same as that suggested for favus1 and it will result in prompt relief and a permanent cure4 ,treatment of ,acne4 ,in the treatment of this1 as in that of other diseases1 we should seek to ascertain the cause1 and1 when possible1 remove it4 ,outdoor exercise1 a spare1 unstimulating diet1 and perfect cleanliness are of the first importance4 ,the affected parts should be bathed with warm water and ,castile1 or1 what is better1 carbolic soap4 ,washing the face in cold water generally aggravates the disease4 ,as a local application to the pustules1 we have used with good results the following lotion3 ,oxide of zinc1 twenty grains2 morphine1 five grains2 glycerine1 two ounces3 mix4 ,first having washed the affected parts thoroughly1 apply this compound4 ,our chief reliance1 however1 as in the preceding diseases1 should be upon the persistent use of alteratives and mild cathartics or laxatives4 ,,furuncular ,,affections4 7,,boil-,,like ,,affections47 ,under this head properly belong boils1 carbuncles1 and styes4 ,,boils4 ,these annoying affections are hard1 prominent1 circumscribed1 inflamed1 suppurating tumors1 having their seat in the cellular tissue beneath the skin4 ,they vary in size from a pea to a hen's egg1 and may occur on any part of the body4 ,the color of a boil varies from deep red to mahogany4 ,it is painful1 tender1 advances rapidly to maturity1 becomes conical1 and finally bursts and discharges bloody matter4 ,through the opening1 and filling the cavity1 may be seen a piece of sloughing cellular tissue which is called the core4 ,in from four to fifteen days1 it is all expelled and the sore rapidly heals4 ,the causes are an impure condition of the blood1 which generally arises from imperfect action of the liver or kidneys4 ,,treatment4 ,spirits of turpentine applied to a boll in its earliest stage will almost always cause it to disappear2 but when suppuration has commenced it should be favored by the application of poultices4 ,next purify the blood to prevent subsequent returns to other parts of the body4 ,for this purpose take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,one or two ,pleasant ,pellets each day will aid in the cure4 ,,carbuncle4 7,,anthrax47 ,these are more violent1 larger1 and more painful than boils1 which they resemble4 ,they may spring from several small pimples which extend deep into the tissues1 and on the surface frequently several small vesicles appear and break4 ,they may discharge1 through one or several openings1 a thin acrid1 bloody1 or dark-colored fluid4 ,they most frequently appear upon the back of the neck1 back1 back part of the limbs1 and under the arms4 ,their presence is evidence of a depressed condition of vitality4 ,these tumors vary in size from one-half an inch to six inches in diameter1 and rapidly proceed to a gangrenous condition1 a grayish slough being detached from the healthy tissue4 ,,treatment4 ,invigorate the system by every possible means4 ,the bitter tonics1 such as ,golden ,seal1 ,gentian1 or ,willow1 together with quinine and iron should be used4 ,nutritious diet1 pure air1 etc41 are necessary4 ,purify the blood to remove the causes of the disease4 ,for this purpose1 give the ,golden ,medical ,discovery in as large doses as can be borne without acting too freely on the bowels4 ,anodynes may be necessary to overcome the pain4 ,poultices are useful to encourage the separation of the dead from the living tissues4 ,antiseptic dressings are beneficial1 of which carbolic acid is to be preferred2 yeast1 however1 may be employed4 ,sometimes powerful caustics or free incisions are productive of gratifying results1 if followed by appropriate dressings1 but these extreme measures should only be resorted to by the direction of a physician4 ,for a considerable time after the urgent symptoms have subsided1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be used1 to purify and enrich the blood1 and the bitter tonics and iron may be alternated with it1 or be used conjointly to good advantage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scrofula4 ,it is estimated that about one fifth of the human family are afflicted with scrofula4 ,a disease so prevalent and so destructive to life1 should enlist universal attention and the best efforts of medical men in devising the most successful treatment for its cure4 ,it varies in the intensity of its manifestation1 from the slightest eruption upon the skin 7scrofulous eczema71 to that most fatal of maladies1 pulmonary consumption4 ,,the ,,scrofulous ,,diathesis4 ,the existence of a certain disposition or habit of body designated as the scrofulous or strumous diathesis1 is generally recognized by medical practitioners and writers as a constitutional condition predisposing many children to the development of this disease4 ,enlargement of the head and abdomen1 fair1 soft and transparent or dark1 sallow1 greasy or wax-looking skin1 and precocious intellect are supposed to indicate this diathesis4 ,the characteristic feature of this disease1 in all the multifarious forms that it assumes1 is the formation of tubercle1 which1 when the malady is fully developed1 is an ever-present and distinguishing element4 ,tuberculous is therefore almost synonymous with scrofulous1 and to facilitate an acquaintance with a large list of very prevalent maladies1 we may generalize1 and classify them all under this generic term4 ,as tubercle is frequently spoken of in works treating on medicine and surgery1 playing1 as it does1 a conspicuous part in an important list of diseases1 the reader may very naturally be led to inquire3 ,,what ,,is ,,tubercle8 ,as employed in pathology1 the term is usually applied to a species of degeneration1 or morbid development of a pale yellow color1 having1 in its crude condition1 a consistence analogous to that of pretty firm cheese4 ,the physical properties of tubercle are not uniform1 however4 ,they vary with age and other circumstances4 ,some are hard and calcareous1 while others are soft and pus-like4 ,the color varies from a light yellow1 or almost white1 to a dark gray4 ,it is almost wholly composed of albumen united with a small amount of earthy salts1 as phosphate and carbonate of lime1 with a trace of the soluble salts of soda4 ,the existence of tubercular deposits in the tissues of the body1 which characterizes scrofula1 when fully developed1 must not1 however1 be regarded as the primary affection4 ,its formation is the result of disordered nutrition4 ,the products of digestion are not fully elaborated1 and pass into the blood imperfected1 in which condition they are unable to fulfill their normal destiny--the repair of the bodily tissues4 ,imperfectly formed albuminous matter oozes out from the blood1 and infiltrates the tissues1 but it has little tendency to take on cell-forms or undergo the vital transformation essential to becoming a part of the tissues4 ,instead of nutritive energy1 which by assimilation produces perfect bodily textures1 this function1 in the scrofulous diathesis1 is deranged by debility1 and there is left in the tissues an imperfectly organized particle1 incapable of undergoing a complete vital change1 around which cluster other particles of tubercular matter1 forming little grains1 like millet seed1 or growing1 by new accretions of like particles1 to masses of more extensive size4 ,as tubercle is but a semi-organized substance1 of deficient vitality1 it is very prone to disintegration and suppuration4 ,being foreign to the tissues in which it is embedded1 like a thorn in the flesh1 it excites a passive form of inflammation1 and from lack of inherent vital energy it is apt to decompose and cause the formation of pus4 ,hence1 infiltration of the muscles1 glands1 or other soft parts with tuberculous matter1 when inflammation is aroused by its presence1 and by an exciting cause1 give rise to abscesses1 as in lumbar or psoas abscesses4 ,when occurring in the joints1 tubercles may give rise to chronic suppurative inflammation1 as in white swellings and hip-joint disease4 ,various skin diseases are regarded as local expressions of1 or as being materially modified by1 the scrofulous diathesis1 as eczema1 impetigo1 and lupus4 ,the disease popularly known as fever-sore is another form of scrofulous manifestation1 affecting the shafts of the bones1 and causing disorganization and decay of their structure4 ,discharges from the ear1 bronchitis1 chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane1 and chronic diarrhea are frequently due to scrofula1 while pulmonary consumption is unanimously regarded as a purely scrofulous affectation4 ,scrofula shows a strong disposition to manifest itself in the lymphatic glands1 particularly in the superficial ones of the neck4 ,the most distinguishing feature of this form of the disease is the appearance of little kernels or tumors about the neck4 ,these often remain about the same size1 neither increasing nor diminishing1 until finally1 without having caused much inconvenience1 they disappear4 ,after a time these glands may again enlarge1 with more or less pain accompanying the process4 ,as the disease progresses1 the pain increases1 and the parts become hot and swollen4 ,at length the matter which has been forming beneath1 finds its way to the surface and is discharged in the form of thin pus1 frequently containing little particles or flakes of tubercular matter4 ,during the inflammatory process there may be more or less febrile movement1 paleness of the surface1 languor1 impaired appetite1 night sweats1 and general feebleness of the system4 ,the resulting open ulcers show little disposition to heal4 ,,symptoms4 ,there is a train of symptoms characteristic of all scrofulous disease4 ,the appetite may be altogether lost or feeble1 or in extreme cases1 voracious4 ,in some instances there is an unusual disposition to eat fatty substances4 ,the general derangement of the alimentary functions is indicated by a red1 glazed or furrowed appearance of the tongue1 flatulent condition of the stomach1 and bloated state of the bowels1 followed by diarrhea or manifesting obstinate constipation4 ,thirst and frequent acid eructations accompany the imperfect digestion4 ,the foul breath1 early decay of the teeth1 the slimy1 glairy stools1 having the appearance of the white of eggs1 and an intolerable fetor1 all are indicative of the scrofulous tendencies of the system4 ,,causes4 ,scrofula may be attributed to various causes4 ,observation has shown that ill-assorted marriages are a prolific source of scrofula4 ,both parents may be not only healthy and free from hereditary taints1 but robust1 well-formed physically1 perfectly developed1 and yet not one of their children be free from this dire disease4 ,it may present itself in the form of hip disease1 white swelling1 fever-sore suppurating glands1 curvature of the spine1 rickets1 ulcers1 pulmonary consumption1 or some skin disease1 in every case showing the original perversion of the constitution and functions4 ,scrofula is hereditary when the disease1 or the diathesis which predisposes to its development1 is transmitted from one or both parents who are affected by it1 or who are deficient in constitutional energy1 showing feeble nutrition1 lack of circulatory force1 and a diminished vitality4 ,all these conditions indicate that a few exposures and severe colds are often sufficient to produce a train of symptoms1 which terminate in pulmonary or other strumous affections4 ,whatever deranges the function of nutrition is favorable to the development of scrofula1 therefore1 irregularities and various excesses tend to inaugurate it4 ,depletion of the blood by drastic and poisonous medicines1 such as antimony and mercurials1 hemorrhages and blood-letting1 syphilis1 excessive mental or physical labor1 as well as a too early use and abuse of the sexual organs1 all tend to waste the blood1 reduce the tone of the system1 and develop scrofula4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,a ,scrofulous ,tumor ,scrofula may be the consequence of insufficient nourishment1 resulting from subsisting upon poor food1 or a too exclusively vegetable diet1 with little or no animal food4 ,want of exercise and uncleanliness contribute to its production4 ,it is much more prevalent in temperate latitudes1 where the climate is variable1 than in tropical or frigid regions4 ,the season of the year also greatly influences this disease1 for it frequently commences in the winter and spring1 and disappears again in the summer and autumn months4 ,,treatment4 ,the skin should be kept clean by means of frequent baths4 ,these assist the functional changes which must take place on the surface of the body1 permit the stimulating influence of the light and air and facilitate the aeration of the blood1 as well as the transpiration of fluids through the innumerable pores of the skin4 ,all exposure to a low temperature1 especially in damp weather1 and the wearing of an insufficient amount of clothing should be avoided4 ,then the food should be generous and of the most nourishing character4 ,steady habits and regular hours for eating and sleep must be observed1 if we would restore tone and regularity to the functions of nutrition4 ,moderate exercise in the open air is essential1 in order that the blood may become well oxygenated1 that the vital changes may take place4 ,it is no doubt true that the occasion of the prevalence of scrofula among the lower classes may be ascribed to frequent and severe climatic exposures1 irregular and poor diet1 or want of due cleanliness4 ,every well-regulated family can avoid such causes and live with a due regard to the conditions of health4 ,the proper treatment of scrofula is important1 because we meet with its symptoms on every side1 showing its slow actions upon different parts of the body and its influence upon all the organs4 ,after this disease has been existing for an indefinite length of time1 certain glands enlarge1 slowly inflame1 finally suppurate1 and are very difficult to heal4 ,these sores are very liable to degenerate into ulcers4 ,all of these symptoms point to a peculiar taste of the blood1 which continually feeds and strengthens this morbid outbreak4 ,all authors agree that the blood is not rich in fibrinous elements1 but tends to feebleness and slow inflammation1 which ends in maturation4 ,thus we may trace back this low and morbid condition of the blood to debility of the nutritive organs1 defective digestion1 which may be induced by irregular habits1 a lack of nourishing food1 or by the acquirement of some venereal taint4 ,the matter that is discharged from these glands is not healthy1 but is thin1 serous1 and acrid2 a whey-like fluid containing little fragments of tuberculous matter1 which resembles curd4 ,the affected glands ulcerate1 look blue and indolent1 and manifest no disposition to heal4 ,we have thus traced this disorder back to weak1 perverted and faulty nutrition1 to disordered and vitiated blood1 the products of which slowly inflame the glands1 which strain out unhealthy1 irritating1 poisonous matter4 ,the medicines to remedy this perverted condition of the blood and fluids must be alteratives which will act upon the digestive organs and tone the nutritive functions1 thus enriching and purifying the blood4 ,as this affection is frequently a complication in chronic diseases1 it is eminently proper for us to refer to a few considerations involved in its general treatment4 ,an alterative medicine belongs to a class which is considered capable of producing a salutary change in a disease without exciting any sensible evacuation4 ,in scrofula1 remedies should be employed which will improve digestion and also prevent certain morbid operations in the blood4 ,it is well known to medical men that nearly all medicines belonging to the class of alteratives1 are capable of solution in the gastric and intestinal secretions1 and pass without material change1 by the process of absorption1 through the coats of the stomach and intestines1 as do all liquids1 and so gain an entrance into the general circulation2 that these same alteratives act locally to tone and strengthen the mucous surfaces1 and thus promote and rectify the process of digestion before being absorbed2 that alterative medicines1 when in the blood1 must permeate the mass of the circulation1 and thus reach the remote parts of the body and influence every function2 that these medicines1 while in the blood1 may combine with it1 reconstruct it1 and arrest its morbid tendencies to decomposition4 ,we should use those alteratives which give tone to the digestive and nutritive functions1 in order to curtail the constant propagation of scrofula in the system2 which alter and purify the blood through the natural functions1 thus reconstructing it2 and which check the septic1 disorganizing changes which are evinced by the irritating and poisonous matter discharged from the ulcers4 ,these are the three ways in which medicines operate upon the nutritive functions and the blood4 ,thus alteratives may be specifics1 in so far as they are particularly useful in certain disorders1 and the combination which has been made in ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 excels all others with which we are acquainted1 for scrofulous diseases1 particularly in fulfilling the foregoing indications4 ,it works out peculiar processes in the blood1 not like food1 by supplying merely a natural want1 but by strengthening the nutritive functions and counteracting morbid action1 after which operations it passes out of the system by excretion4 ,from what has been said upon the importance of blood medicines and their modes of action1 the reader must not infer that we account for all diseases by some fault of the humors of the body1 for we do not4 ,but that scrofula1 in its varied forms1 results from imperfect nutrition and disorders of the blood1 is now universally conceded4 ,it is for this reason that neither time nor pains have been spared in perfecting an alterative1 tonic1 nutritive1 restorative1 and antiseptic compound1 to which ,dr4 ,pierce has given the name of ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,not only is it an alterative and a nutritive restorative1 acting upon the secretions1 but it opposes putrefaction and degenerative decay of the fluids and solids4 ,hence its universal indication in all scrofulous diseases4 ,it will intercept those thin1 watery discharges which are the result of weakness1 degeneration1 and putrescent decay of the blood1 perpetuated by a low grade of scrofulous inflammation4 ,by an adult it can be taken in doses of from one to two teaspoonfuls three or four times per day4 ,the bowels should be properly regulated4 ,when constipation exists one or two of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets taken daily1 will fulfill the indication4 ,the patient ought not to neglect to carry out all the hygienic recommendations heretofore given4 ,the treatment of running sores is very simple4 ,cleanse them every day with ,castile-soap and water1 being careful not to rub or touch the surface of the sores4 ,use a clean sponge or a piece of clean muslin and saturating it with the warm water1 hold it a few inches above the affected part1 and squeeze out the fluid1 allowing the cleansing stream to fall gently upon the open sore4 ,after thoroughly cleansing the sore1 apply to it ,dr4 ,pierce's ,all-,healing ,salve4 #be cents in postage stamps sent to us will secure a box by return post if your druggist does not have it in stock4 ,,hip-,,joint ,,disease4 7,,coxalgia47 ,hip-joint disease1 also known as ,coxalgia1 is frequently a scrofulous affection of the hip-joint4 ,it usually attacks children1 but may occur at any period of life4 ,the causes of this affection are imperfectly understood1 yet all the indications point to a scrofulous state of the system4 ,dampness1 cold1 improper diet1 severe injuries from blows or falls are all numbered among the exciting causes which are conducive to the establishment of this disease4 ,,the ,,symptoms are usually developed gradually2 at first there is severe pain in the knee1 but finally it is located in the hip-joint4 ,occasionally it is noticed in the hip and knee at the same time4 ,as the disease progresses1 the general health becomes impaired1 there is wasting of the muscles1 wakefulness1 disturbed sleep1 high fever1 profuse and offensive perspiration1 the hair falls out1 and there is an inability to move the limb without producing excruciating pain4 ,frequently pus will be formed and discharged at different points1 and the limb will become greatly emaciated4 ,since pain in the knee-joint may mislead as to the location of the disease1 to determine the seat of the affection1 place the patient in a chair and percuss the knee lightly1 by giving it a slight blow with the knuckle2 if the hip be affected1 the pain will be readily felt in that joint2 if it be simply neuralgia of the knee-joint1 it will excite no pain whatever4 ,if the disease be allowed to progress and dislocation of the joint takes place1 the affected limb becomes shortened4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment of this disease should consist in rest for the hip-joint1 cleanliness of the person and plenty of fresh air and light1 a nutritious diet and the use of tonics and sustaining alterative1 or blood-cleansing medicines4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery has1 unaided by other medicines1 cured many cases of this disease4 ,this class of medicines should be persistently employed1 in order to obtain their full effects4 ,it is a disease which progresses slowly and which is not easily turned from its course1 and its fatality should warn the afflicted to employ the best treatment4 ,many poor1 unfortunate victims know too well1 from sad experience1 that the course of treatment frequently recommended and employed by physicians and surgeons is ineffectual1 and cruel2 they deplete the system1 apply locally liniments1 lotions1 iodine1 and hot applications2 confine the patient in bed and strap his hips down immovably1 thus preventing all exercise2 then they attach that cruel instrument of torture1 the weight and pulley1 to the diseased limb4 ,after many years of practical experience in the treatment of hundreds of cases1 we have developed a system of treatment for this terrible malady which is based upon common sense4 ,instead of depleting1 we1 by proper constitutional treatment1 strengthen and fortify the system4 ,we do not confine the patient in bed1 but permit him to go around and take all necessary exercise4 ,we adjust an ingeniously devised and perfectly fitting appliance or apparatus1 by which a gentle extension of the limb is maintained1 thereby relieving the tension of the muscles1 and preventing the friction and wearing of the inflamed surfaces of the joint1 which1 without the use of our new and improved appliance1 are a source of constant irritation4 ,the appliances required in the successful treatment of this disease are numerous and varied in their construction1 and require skill and experience on the part of the surgical mechanic as well as on the part of the surgeon1 to take accurate and proper measurements of the diseased limb1 and to construct the appliances so that they will be adapted to the various requirements of different cases4 ,there are no definite rules for taking these measurements1 and only a thorough examination of the case can indicate to the eye of the experienced surgeon what measurements are required1 and what kind of an appliance is suitable for each individual case4 ,at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute these measurements are all taken by the surgeon in person1 and each appliance is constructed under his immediate supervision4 ,it is utterly impossible for physicians who have but a limited experience in the treatment of such cases to take correct measurements and send off for an apparatus which fulfills the requirements of the case4 ,in the light of our vast experience at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 we feel that we cannot too strongly urge the employment of a suitable apparatus for supporting the hip-joint1 giving it perfect rest1 and enabling the patient to exercise and get the outdoor air4 ,as much of the pain in this disease is due to the pressure of the head of the femur1 or thigh-bone1 in the acetabulum1 or socket1 steadily-applied mechanical extension1 to relieve the inflamed and sensitive joint of the pressure1 is of the greatest importance4 ,by such application the patient is enabled to move about without pain1 while the joint is kept perfectly at rest--a condition favorable to the reduction of inflammation within it4 ,the surgeon specialist of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute is frequently sent for to visit cases of this disease hundreds of miles away and by the employment of suitable apparatus he has been enabled1 in scores of cases1 to relieve the suffering at once4 ,in cases in which the head of the thigh bone1 or the bony socket of the joint has become so diseased as to cause it to ulcerate and break down1 all portions of diseased bone should be thoroughly removed by a surgical operation4 ,if this be neglected or delayed1 a fatal termination of the disease may be expected4 ,parents should not put off the employment of a competent specialist in this terrible1 distressing1 and fatal disease4 ,as treated by general practitioners1 it very often proves fatal2 or1 after causing intense suffering for a series of years1 if the active condition of the disease subsides1 the patient is left with a ruined and broken constitution1 a result which more prompt and earlier relief would have prevented4 ,the records of practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute abound in reports of cases1 demonstrating the fact1 that by careful and judicious management1 hip-joint disease in its earlier stages1 may be promptly arrested1 and that cures may be effected even when the bony structure of the joint is seriously diseased4 ,,white ,,swelling ,white ,swelling1 otherwise known as ,hydrarthrus1 or ,synovitis1 more frequently affects the knee-joint than any other part4 ,the joints of the elbow1 wrist1 ankle1 or toes1 may1 however1 be affected with this disease1 but we shall speak of it in this connection as affecting only the knee-joint4 ,synovitis may be acute or chronic4 ,the latter form is sometimes induced by blows1 sprains1 falls1 etc41 or from exposure to cold2 more frequently it is the result of rheumatism or scrofula4 ,,the ,,symptoms of this affection are generally slow in their appearance1 being sometimes months in manifesting themselves4 ,the joint at first presents only a slight degree of swelling1 which gradually increases4 ,pain is soon felt1 mild at first1 but augmenting until it becomes severe4 ,the skin has a smooth1 glistening appearance1 and there is an increased amount of heat in the parts4 ,the affected limb becomes wasted1 and is sometimes permanently flexed4 ,there is more or less fever about the body1 impairment of the digestive organs1 and sleeplessness4 ,the pulse is low but quick1 and night-sweats and diarrhea often appear4 ,under this irritation1 the patient is liable to waste away and finally die4 ,a post-mortem examination reveals the effects of the disease upon the parts attacked4 ,the cartilages of the joint are soft1 the synovial membrane is thickened1 the ligaments are inflamed and often destroyed1 the synovial fluid is increased in amount1 sometimes normal in appearance1 at others thick and viscous4 ,if the bones be diseased1 their articular extremities may be distended and fatty matter deposited in them4 ,the conditions depend upon the form1 severity1 and duration of the disease4 ,synovitis may be considered under three heads2 ,rheumatic1 ,scrofulous1 and ,syphilitic4 ,rheumatic ,synovitis may arise from exposure to cold1 from some injury1 or from intemperance in eating4 ,the beginning of the disease may be distinctly marked1 or it may come on so gradually that the time of its commencement cannot be noted4 ,the pain is of a dull1 steady character1 and less severe in the night4 ,this form of the disease sometimes terminates favorably1 but in scrofulous systems it is liable to end in the destruction of the joint4 ,it is more common in early life1 rarely occurring after the thirtieth year4 ,scrofulous ,synovitis1 or ,tuberculosis of the ,knee-joint1 when of a chronic character1 shows a wasting of the limb1 and the swelling is of a pulpy consistence4 ,this form of the disease is more liable to occur in children1 though occasionally it is met with in adults4 ,but little pain accompanies this form1 although the limb is liable to become permanently affected4 ,in its earlier stages this disease may be checked4 ,syphilitic ,synovitis is the result of syphilis4 ,the pain is more severe during the night4 ,it1 however1 generally terminates unfavorably1 especially in scrofulous constitutions4 ,,the ,,treatment of white swelling should be both constitutional and local4 ,alterative medicines are indicated to purify the blood4 ,doctor ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is unequaled for this purpose4 ,as local treatment1 in the active stage of the disease1 the knee-joint should be steamed1 and hot fomentations applied4 ,this should be followed by applications over the joint of solid extract of stramonium or belladonna1 mixed with glycerine4 ,the joint should be wrapped in cotton or wool to keep it uniformly warm4 ,if there are openings about the joint1 discharging pus1 syringe them out once a day with ,castile soap-suds1 which may be improved by adding a little bicarbonate of potash 7common saleratus74 ,see that the bowels are kept regular1 and that the diet is nourishing4 ,cases of this disease which have been treated at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute with uniform success might be cited to the extent of filling a very large number of pages like these4 ,when treated by a skilled specialist1 this otherwise formidable and dangerous disease is readily amenable to treatment1 and good and serviceable limbs can be promised1 even in the extreme cases in which amputation is usually advised by general practitioners and surgeons1 who desire the glory that they imagine they will receive by performing a capital operation4 ,,rickets4 7,,rachitis47 ,rickets is a scrofulous disease1 in which there is derangement of the entire system1 and it finally manifests itself in disease of the bones4 ,it is characterized by a softening of the bony tissue1 due to a deficiency of earthy or calcareous matter in their composition4 ,it appears to be a disease incident to cold1 damp places1 ill-lighted and imperfectly ventilated rooms1 and it especially attacks those who are uncleanly in their habits4 ,,the ,,symptoms of rickets are severe pains in the bones1 especially during the night1 febrile excitement and profuse perspiration1 paleness of the face1 a sallow and wrinkled appearance of the skin1 and derangement of the digestive organs4 ,after a time the body becomes emaciated1 the face pale1 and the head unusually large4 ,the bones become soft and unable to support the body2 various distortions appear2 the extremities of the long bones are enlarged1 while the limbs between the joints are very slender4 ,rickets is a disease peculiar to childhood1 though it may not be developed until a more advanced period of life4 ,it rarely proves fatal1 unless the lungs1 heart1 or other vital organs1 become involved4 ,in some instances the softening and other symptoms continue to increase until every function is affected1 and death ensues4 ,post-mortem examinations of those who have died of rickets have disclosed morbid changes in the brain1 liver1 and lymphatic glands4 ,the lungs are often compressed or displaced1 and the muscles of the body become pale and wasted4 ,sometimes the bones are so soft1 on account of the deficiency of the calcareous deposit1 that they can be easily cut with a knife4 ,,treatment4 ,the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is indicated in this affection4 ,it is a disease usually developed during childhood1 in consequence of insufficient exercise1 deprivation of the sunlight1 low1 innutritious diet1 and lack of cleanliness4 ,therefore1 it is essential to obviate all known causes1 and1 at the same time supply the patient with food rich in those elements which the system seems to demand4 ,under any plan of treatment the general directions given for the hygienic management of scrofula should be followed4 ,we might cite many cases that have entirely recovered from this disease1 under our advice and the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,we shall merely say1 for the encouragement of the afflicted1 that this form of scrofula yields readily to this medicine4 ,,old ,,sores4 7,,chronic ,,ulcers47 ,under this head we may properly consider that class of affections known as ,fever-sores1 ,running-sores1 ,ulcers1 etc4 ,these sores have common characteristics1 yet each possesses certain peculiarities1 which have led to their division into irritable1 indolent1 and varicose4 ,these peculiarities are not constant1 one form of ulcer often changing into another4 ,one feature common to all1 however1 is their slowness in healing1 which has sometimes led to the belief that they are incurable4 ,another popular notion is that their cure is detrimental to the health of the patient4 ,with equal propriety we might say that it is dangerous to cure diarrhea1 dysentery1 consumption1 or cancer4 ,as a result of these erroneous impressions1 many people suffer from chronic ulcers for years1 and even for a life-time1 without attempting to obtain relief4 ,chronic ulcers usually appear upon the lower extremities4 ,the depth and appearance of the ulcer depend upon its character and the thickness of the tissues where it is situated4 ,fig4 #b shows a chronic ulcer1 or fever-sore1 as it appears upon the ankle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,a ,chronic ,ulcer4 ,,the ,,irritable ,,ulcer is painful and tender1 the slightest injury causing it to bleed4 ,it is of a dark purplish hue1 and filled with spongy1 sensitive granulations4 ,it discharges a thin1 bloody matter which is sometimes very fetid and acrid1 and excoriates the tissues if it comes in contact with them4 ,the edges of this species of ulcer are shelf-like and ragged1 and turn inward4 ,the adjacent structures are red and swollen4 ,very often they are attended by severe constitutional disturbances1 such as chills1 fever1 and great nervous prostration and irritability4 ,,in ,,the ,,indolent ,,ulcer the edges are not undermined1 but turned outward1 and are rounded1 thick1 glossy1 and regular4 ,the granulations are broad1 flat1 pale1 insensible1 and covered with a grayish1 tenacious matter4 ,the surrounding parts are not very sensitive1 but the limb on which it is located is apt to be swollen4 ,this is the commonest form of ulcer1 and often remains for years4 ,,varicose ,,ulcer4 ,this species of ulcer occasions a swollen or enlarged condition of the neighboring veins1 which are very much enfeebled4 ,it almost invariably appears below the knee1 and may be either indolent or irritable4 ,it is generally sensitive to the touch1 and sometimes excessively painful4 ,knots of superficial veins may often be seen beneath the skin4 ,as we have before remarked1 these various species of ulcers are merely modifications of one form of chronic sore4 ,the patient may assert that he enjoys excellent health1 but if we question him closely1 we find that the sore irritates him1 and that there is sufficient constitutional disturbance to prevent the healing powers of nature from effecting a cure4 ,,treatment4 ,the cure of these sores is necessarily slow1 and who ever expects to obtain immediate relief will be disappointed4 ,constitutional treatment is of the utmost importance1 and should1 therefore1 be thoroughly and persistently applied4 ,the nutritive system1 especially the absorbents1 should be kept active1 as these are the channels by which the broken-down tissue surrounding the sore is replaced by that of a higher grade of vitality4 ,for this purpose1 the best alteratives or blood cleansing remedies are required4 ,if secretion and excretion are not normally performed1 the blood becomes poisoned by the absorption of unhealthy matter from the sore1 and various constitutional disturbances occur4 ,if1 at any time during treatment1 constitutional disturbances are manifested by fullness or disagreeable sensations in the head1 nausea1 pain1 cough1 chills1 or fever1 a thorough cathartic should be given4 ,if the patient be robust1 a repetition of the same once a week will be very beneficial4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,pellets will be productive of the best results4 ,the local treatment should depend upon the character of the ulcer4 ,if the sore be irritable or painful1 soothing applications1 such as warm poultices or steaming in a vapor of bitter herbs1 as hops1 boneset or smart-weed or water pepper1 will be found highly beneficial4 ,a poultice of powdered slippery elm is also very soothing1 and hence well adapted to this purpose4 ,if the ulcer be indolent1 a stimulating application is necessary4 ,the hardened1 callous state of the edges should be removed by alkaline applications4 ,a strong solution of saleratus1 or even a caustic1 prepared by boiling the lye from hard-wood ashes to the consistence of syrup1 will prove of great utility4 ,one or two applications of the latter are generally sufficient4 ,the foregoing course of treatment is intended to put the open sore or ulcer in what is known to surgeons as a healthy condition--a condition most favorable for the healing process4 ,but the open surface of the sore needs something more4 ,it needs the cleansing or antiseptic and soothing influence of such a dressing as is found in ,dr4 ,pierce's ,all-,healing ,salve4 ,if your dealer in medicines does not have this ,salve in stock1 #be cents in stamps sent to ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 will secure a box of this unequaled dressing4 ,it will be sent to your address by return post4 ,therefore1 do not allow the dealer to put you off with some inferior preparation4 ,if he has not the ,all-,healing ,salve in stock you can easily obtain it by sending to us as above directed4 ,no matter how good the local dressing applied to the open sore1 or ulcer1 do not discontinue the internal use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery until the affected parts are completely healed4 ,,fever-,,sore4 7,,necrosis47 ,by the term necrosis we mean mortification1 or the state of a bone when it is deprived of life4 ,dunglison says3 ,this condition is to the bone what gangrene is to the soft parts4 ,it is popularly known as fever-sore1 there being no distinction made between this species of sore and those ulcers which affect only the soft tissues of the body4 ,when any part of a bone becomes necrosed1 it is treated as a foreign body4 ,nature makes an effort for its removal1 and at the same time attempts to replace it with new and healthy materials4 ,in consequence of this process1 the dead portion is often inclosed in a case of new1 sound bone1 termed the involucrum2 when this is the case the dead portion is termed the sequestrum4 ,if1 however1 it be superficial1 and separate from the parts beneath1 it is called an exfoliation4 ,this healing process1 by which the involucrum is formed1 cannot be completed while the dead portion remains4 ,hence1 numerous openings are made through the involucrum1 to permit the escape of the sequestrum4 ,when a surgical operation is performed for the removal of the necrosed bone it is called sequestrotomy4 ,the instruments which our specialists usually employ for this practice are represented in ,figs4 #c1 #d1 and #e4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,hand drill for boring bone4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,the osteotrite1 for enlarging openings and cutting carious bone4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,gouge forceps for excavating bone4 ,,causes4 ,fever-sore may be due to inflammation1 injuries1 working in phosphorus1 or from the inordinate and protracted use of mercury4 ,,symptoms4 ,the pain frequently commences in the night1 and all the different stages succeed1 until1 finally1 the result is frequently mortification or death4 ,the entire bone1 or only a part of it1 may be affected2 the parts become swollen1 matter forms1 and unless it be artificially evacuated1 it will in time work its way out through a fistulous opening4 ,as the disease progresses1 the adjacent tissues become thickened and numerous openings are formed1 which communicate with the bone1 and often with each other1 so that a probe may be passed from one to another1 as represented in ,fig4 #f1 copied from a drawing by ,dr4 ,howe4 ,the discharge from fever-sores varies in character1 and usually has a fetid odor4 ,the surgeon can readily distinguish between healthy and unhealthy bone by the use of a probe4 ,the pus discharged in necrosis contains minute particles of bone1 which may be felt by rubbing it between the fingers4 ,sometimes large pieces present themselves at the openings4 ,the general health is seriously impaired1 and the patient becomes debilitated1 anmic1 and hectic4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,necrosis of the tibia4 ,a common probe is passed through the sinuses1 or openings4 ,,treatment4 ,the process of repair is necessarily tedious1 and nature should be assisted to remove the old bone and promote the formation of the new4 ,an alterative course of treatment is indicated and must be persistently followed4 ,give ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets in sufficient doses to keep the bowels regular4 ,however1 all efforts to heal the sores1 as long as dead bone remains1 will prove fruitless4 ,the sores should he throughly cleansed with injections of an alkaline solution1 after which bandages1 moistened with glycerine1 may be applied4 ,if they emit a fetid odor1 add a few drops of carbolic acid to the glycerine4 ,the dead bone can be but slowly removed by suppuration1 therefore time1 and1 indeed1 sometimes life itself1 may be saved by removing it with surgical instruments4 ,in the operation of sequestrotomy1 the surgeon must exercise great judgment4 ,carelessness may prolong the disease and subsequently necessitate another operation1 or1 perhaps1 an amputation4 ,usually the dead bone is easily removed by the skilled specialist surgeon1 and1 when thoroughly taken out1 the parts readily heal and the patient rapidly recovers4 ,the removal1 therefore1 of the dead bone which is a constant source of irritation1 and the cause of protracted suffering1 should not be delayed1 for very rarely indeed can it be removed at all without the assistance of the surgeon4 ,besides1 delay often results in the loss of the limb1 and not unfrequently occasions the death of the patient4 ,under the influence of a reliable local ansthetic1 carefully applied1 the operation of removing the decayed and offensive bone is speedily and painlessly performed1 the use of chloroform or ether not generally being required4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,if the following letters had been written by your best known and most esteemed neighbors they could be no more worthy of your confidence than they now are1 coming1 as they do1 from well known1 intelligent and trustworthy citizens1 who1 in their several neighborhoods1 enjoy the fullest confidence and respect of all who know them4 ,out of thousands of similar letters received from former patrons1 we have selected these few at random1 and have to regret that we can find room only for this comparatively small number in this volume4 ,,blood ,,disease4 ,,raw ,,sores ,,from ,,knee ,,to ,,ankle4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,master ,amasa ,peck ,dear ,sirs--,my little boy1 ,amasa ,claude ,peck1 was severely stricken with what the doctors called erysipelas4 ,we had employed two doctors for months without any effect1 until he commenced taking your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,two bottles effected a cure4 ,his leg was raw from his knee to his ankle2 it has never broken since1 which has been several years4 ,the same medicine also did great things for my now deceased husband in a case of erysipelas of long standing4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,a4,b4 ,,peck1 ,ranger1 ,eastland ,co41 ,texas4 ,my daughter ,mrs4 ,jennie ,rice1 was cured of catarrh in her head by using the ,discovery with ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,she derived great benefit from your medicines and gives the privilege of using her name4 ,a4,b4,p4 ,,an,,mia--,,impoverished ,,blood4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st44 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,knight4 ,dear ,sirs--,ten or twelve years ago ,i had a combination of diseases4 ,our family physician said ,i was bloodless and there was no hopes of my recovering4 ,my mother advised me to consult you1 which ,i did4 ,after one month's treatment ,i was on foot again2 it was truly astonishing how speedily ,i found relief after taking your preparations4 ,i have also used your ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which proved very beneficial4 ,,mrs4 ,,addie ,r4 ,,knight1 ,carapeake1 ,gates ,ce41 ,north ,carolina4 ,,erysipelas4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,smith1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am glad to say that the use of your medicine has saved me many doctors' bills1 as ,i have for the past eleven years been using it for the erysipelas and also for chronic diarrhea1 and am glad to say that it has never failed4 ,i have also recommended it to many of my neighbors1 as it is a medicine worth recommending4 ,i give you the privilege of using my name ,yours truly1 ,,joseph ,,smith ,mineral ,point1 ,tuscarawas ,co41 ,o ,,blood ,,and ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,edmundson4 ,dear ,sir--,i had been an invalid for nineteen years and had all the doctors in our country prescribe for me1 but they could not say just what ailed me4 ,when ,i wrote you giving the history and symptoms1 you diagnosed my case as disease of the blood and kidneys1 and advised me to try your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets and ,i feel confident your medicines saved my life1 and ,i hope all sufferers from kidney and blood diseases will try your valuable medicine4 ,respectfully yours1 ,t4,h4 ,,edmundson1 ,postmaster1 ,home1 ,marshall ,co41 ,kans4 ,,eczema--,,sufferings ,,intense4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,j4,p4 ,delano1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,about five years ago ,i was taken with a discoloration of the skin on my legs and arms1 which in a short time terminated in the most aggravated eczema4 ,my sufferings were intense1 and no relief did ,i experience1 until ,i commenced the use of your preparations4 ,i have taken five bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and more than that number of the ,pellets1 and believe that ,i am entirely cured4 ,i never feel the least itching1 or burning1 which was at one time so unbearable4 ,my appetite and digestion are splendid1 and1 although ,i will be seventy years old my next birthday1 ,i am as hearty and strong as most men of fifty4 ,very truly yours1 ,,joseph ,p4 ,,delano1 ,warsaw1 ,richmond ,co41 ,va4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,,milton ,,sydnor1 ,druggist1 of ,warsaw1 ,richmond ,co41 ,va41 writes3 ,my friend1 ,mr4 ,j4,p4 ,delano1 has requested me to write you in confirmation of his statement1 which ,i cheerfully do4 ,i know ,mr4 ,delano well personally1 and can testify to the correctness of his statement4 ,his case of eczema was the worst that ,i had ever seen4 ,i saw him often during the time he was afflicted1 as he came to my store often after medicine4 ,he purchased the ,discovery and ,pellets from me1 and has been one of the strongest champions of your medicines1 and thus aided me very much in their sale4 ,i am quite sure that he has been the means of my selling several dozens of that preparation4 ,,boils ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,ramich1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with boils for thirty years4 ,four years ago ,i was so afflicted with them that ,i could not walk4 ,i bought ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 and took one ,pellet after each meal4 ,the boils soon disappeared and have had none since4 ,i have also been troubled with sick headache4 ,when ,i feel the headache coming on1 ,i take one or two ,pellets1 and am relieved of it4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,william ,,ramich1 ,minden1 ,kearney ,co41 ,neb4 ,a ,,terrible ,,skin ,,disease4 ,jackson1 ,n4,c4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sirs--,i had been troubled with skin disease all my life4 ,as ,i grew older the disease seemed to be taking a stronger hold upon me4 ,i tried many advertised remedies with no benefit1 until ,i was led to try your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,when ,i began taking it my health was very poor2 in fact1 several persons have since told me that they thought ,i had the consumption4 ,i weighed only about #abe pounds4 ,the eruption on my skin was accompanied by severe itching4 ,it was first confined to my face1 but afterwards spread over the neck and head1 and the itching became simply unbearable4 ,this was my condition when ,i began taking the ,discovery4 ,when ,i would rub the parts affected a kind of branny scale would fall off4 ,for a while ,i saw no change or benefit from taking the ,discovery1 but ,i persisted in its use1 keeping my bowels open by taking the ,pellets1 and taking as much outdoor exercise as was possible1 until ,i begun to gain in flesh1 and gradually the disease released its hold4 ,i took during the year somewhere from fifteen to eighteen bottles of the ,discovery4 ,it has now been four years since ,i first used it1 and though not using scarcely any since the first year1 my health continues good4 ,my average weight being #aee to #afj pounds1 instead of #abe1 as it was when ,i began the use of the ,discovery4 ,many persons have reminded me of my improved appearance4 ,some say ,i look younger than ,i did six years ago when ,i was married4 ,i am now forty-eight 7#dh7 years old1 and stronger1 and enjoy better health than ,i have ever done before in my life4 ,yours truly1 ,j4,a4 ,buxton4 ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,eczema ,,or ,,salt-,,rheum4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,foster4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with eczema1 or salt-rheum1 seven years4 ,i doctored with a number of our home physicians and received no benefit whatever4 ,i also took treatment from physicians in ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,jersey ,city1 ,binghamton1 and received no benefit from them4 ,in fact ,i have paid out hundreds of dollars to the doctors without benefit4 ,my brother came to visit us from the ,west and he told me to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,he had taken it and it had cured him4 ,i have taken ten bottles of the ,discovery and am entirely cured and if there should be any one wishing any information ,i would gladly correspond with them4 ,if they enclose return stamped envelope4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,john ,g4 ,,foster1 #hc ,chapia ,street1 ,canandaigua1 ,n4,y4 ,,erysipelas ,,and ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,white4 ,gentlemen--,i am forty-eight years old1 and have had four children4 ,three years ago the doctor said ,i had womb trouble1 which was accompanied with backache and a tired and miserable feeling all over2 left side hurt me very much1 and could not lie on that side1 and the doctor said it came from affection of the spleen2 had a great deal of headache2 was costive1 and suffered terribly from erysipelas2 it nearly set me crazy1 so great was the burning and itching2 sometimes experienced severe burning in the stomach4 ,i took twelve bottles of your medicines1 six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the same amount of his ,favorite ,prescription4 ,was using them for about six months1 and can say that they did their work well4 ,i have ever since felt like another person1 and do not think ,i can say enough in their praise4 ,i have no more weakness1 and all evidence of erysipelas has disappeared4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,sarah ,e4 ,,white1 ,kennon1 ,belmont ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,eczema4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,harris4 ,gentlemen--,about four years ago my daughter1 ,helen ,g4 ,harris1 was afflicted with ,eczema in a distressing form4 ,she tried medicines too numerous to mention1 but they did no good4 ,i told her that ,i would write to ,dr4 ,pierce1 which ,i did1 and after a few months' use of his medicines she was entirely cured4 ,i believe your medicines unequaled4 ,,mrs4 ,,jno4 ,h4 ,,richardson1 a widow living near ,wakefield1 ,va41 a few years ago1 was in extremely bad health1 and used your proprietary medicines with entire success4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,thomas ,,harris1 ,wakefield ,station1 ,sussex ,co41 ,va4 ,,salt-,,rheum--,,flesh ,,cracked ,,open ,,and ,,bled4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,clark4 ,gentlemen--,it gives me pleasure to express my faith in the virtue of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,having suffered for three years from salt-rheum and after having been unsuccessfully treated by a good physician1 ,i began the use of the ,discovery4 ,the humor was in my hands4 ,i was obliged to keep a covering on them for months at a time1 changing the covering morning and night4 ,the stinging1 burning and itching sensation would be so intense that at times it seemed as if ,i would go crazy4 ,when ,i bent the fingers the flesh would crack open and bleed4 ,it is impossible for me to describe the intense pain and suffering which ,i endured night and day4 ,after taking six bottles of the ,discovery ,i was entirely cured4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,miss ,,lottie ,,clark1 ,river ,falls1 ,pierce ,co41 ,wis4 ,,inveterate ,,skin ,,disease ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4 ,allen1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i desire to state that ,i am perfectly well and very thankful to you for curing me4 ,the medicines which ,i used for two months only have effected a perfect and permanent cure of my case4 ,my face looks as well as ever4 ,i was six weeks under treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and ,i got first-class accommodation4 ,the case was a strange one4 ,the pimples did not break out on my chin where ,i had let my beard grow1 they broke out on my cheeks1 forehead and nose4 ,a doctor in ,san ,francisco told me it was blood poison and said it was very hard to cure it4 ,i think if it were blood poison it would run all through my system4 ,when ,i first felt the disease coming on in winter--my face used to be very cold4 ,i worked under the sun fourteen years every summer4 ,i wore no hat--nothing but a skull cap4 ,i thought ,i was sun-proof4 ,the doctor in ,san ,francisco stopped the disease for one year but it came back again4 ,i had it for five years4 ,it came on from hard work and exposure in the sun4 ,when my face would break out in the fall it got so itchy1 and then little pimples would break out on my face1 nose and forehead4 ,i think parasites were in my face4 ,if ,i would drink a glass of beer1 ,i would feel the effects of it in my face1 and tobacco would affect me just the same4 ,my face1 nose and forehead would be spotted all over like a fiddler's note book1 every fall for five years4 ,i never saw a case like mine4 ,the doctor said if ,i would get tanned with the sun ,i would be all right4 ,in the kind of work ,i had to do1 ,i could wear no hat4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,michael ,,allen1 ,oro ,fino1 ,siskiyou ,co41 ,cal4 ,,cures ,,brown ,,spots4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,johnson4 ,gentlemen--,i can say that my health is better now than for the last fifteen years4 ,i cannot say what my disease was1 but ,i was as spotted as a leopard with brown spots2 ,i was so miserable and nervous1 and could not sleep4 ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery one year1 and the brown spots all disappeared and ,i am well4 ,have not taken any medicine in two years4 ,i think the ,golden ,medical ,discovery a splendid medicine for stomach1 liver and skin disease4 ,i got no help from the other doctors4 ,i used only the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,johnson1 ,p4,o4 ,box #ahh1 ,owosso1 ,shiawassee ,co41 ,mich4 ,,scrofulous ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,nichols4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sirs--,i was sick eight long years with the scrofulous humor and ,i used ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and it cured me4 ,i used five bottles and ,i have used it since for other troubles4 ,it has helped me wonderfully1 in fact cured me1 and ,i recommend it to all my friends ,yours most gratefully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,e4 ,,nichols ,bay ,shore1 ,suffolk ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,heart-,,rending ,,to ,,behold4 ,terrible ,suffering from ,skin ,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration ,gentlemen--,my baby when about three months old began to have little sores come out on his face2 did not amount to much until six months old1 then they began to spread all over his face and head until his face1 head and ears were one solid sore4 ,our family physician was summoned at the early stages of the disease and tried everything he knew of for the cure of the same1 but nothing did him any good4 ,the disease baffled the skill of the doctor in every way1 and ,i was advised by friends to try certain remedies1 which ,i did1 with very little effect4 ,the child by this time was a heart-rendering sight to behold1 and suffered unknown agonies with the torturing itching and burning of the sores1 and so things ran on until my brother1 who resides in ,buffalo1 visited me4 ,as soon as he saw the child he advised me to have him treated at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in ,buffalo4 ,i wrote to them stating my baby's case1 asking them if they could help him1 and they thought they could1 so began their treatment at once by using salves externally and medicine internally and as soon as they began their treatment the child began to improve and continued so until he was entirely cured in six months' time4 ,he is now two years and six months old and is as tough as any child you ever saw2 weighs thirty-five pounds and is perfectly well1 thanks to ,dr4 ,pierce and his wonderful medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,a4,l4 ,,payne1 ,box #adg2 ,oxbow1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,scrofulous ,,abscesses4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sweeney4 ,gentlemen--,about four years ago ,i took scrofula1 and did everything that doctors and others prescribed1 but only got worse4 ,several abscesses formed about my neck and breast1 discharging a quantity of matter4 ,i got so weak ,i could scarcely walk about the house4 ,i read all the medical works ,i could get hold of1 and1 among the rest1 read some of your works4 ,you described my case1 and recommended ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery with his ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,so ,i procured some and commenced using them and soon began to mend4 ,in six months my sores were all healed up1 and in twelve months ,i was entirely well4 ,i am forty-five years old and believe ,i am as stout as ,i ever was in my life4 ,i used about one dozen bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery with the ,pellets1 and used nothing else after ,i began using your medicines4 ,so ,i must give your medicine all the praise for curing me1 and ,i am bound to recommend it4 ,yours truly ,,mrs4 ,,belle ,,sweeney1 ,flat ,top1 ,mercer ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,cross ,,eyes4 ,,convergent ,,strabismus4 ,,instant ,,and ,,painless ,,cure4 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,crane1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to certify to your skill4 ,i had been afflicted with badly crossed eyes from my birth1 and my sight was impaired1 and ,i was badly disfigured4 ,by a painless operation my eyes were instantaneously restored to a proper position and my sight much improved4 ,your ,hotel and skillful surgery merit every recommendation4 ,yours truly1 ,,david ,,crane1 ,spring ,creek1 ,warren ,co4 ,pa4 ,,scrofulous ,,sore ,,eyes4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,gardner4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i was two years old my eyes broke out in little white pimples and itching all the time in the mornings2 when ,i awakened my eyes would have to be washed open2 ,i could not see and when they were washed open the corruption would run down my face and drop off4 ,i have tried all of our physicians and their medicine did me no good4 ,a physician attended them from ,ellicott ,city and did them no good4 ,he said it was the running scrofula in the eyelids and could never be cured2 it had continued fourteen years1 and ,i had given up all hopes of ever being cured until ,i saw your advertisement of the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 and ,i sent and got one1 and ,i saw a great deal in it about the eyes4 ,i wrote to you about them and you prescribed for me4 ,now my eyes are quite well4 ,some advised me to wear glasses1 but you said not4 ,i have been a great sufferer but am glad to say you did me all the good that ,i have received4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,miss ,,virginia ,m4 ,,gardner1 ,mayo1 ,anne ,arundel ,co41 ,md4 ,,weak ,,and ,,sore ,,eyes4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,john ,casserly4 ,gentlemen--,after taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery for four weeks1 at a cost of only #a4ej1 ,i am more than pleased to announce that my eyes are perfectly well and strong as ever4 ,i doctored and fussed with quack medicines for about one year and a half and found no relief4 ,finally ,i consulted your ,medical ,adviser and found a case similar to mine so ,i wrote and got a speedy reply4 ,i followed directions1 which resulted in a speedy cure as above4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,,casserly1 ,,jr41 ,westline1 ,redwood ,co41 ,minn4 ,,running ,,scrofulous ,,sores4 ,illustration3 ,h4,m4 ,holleman1 ,esq4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce3 ,dear ,sir--,when about three years old ,i was taken with mumps1 also had fever1 finally ,i had that dreaded disease ,scrofula4 ,the most eminent physicians in this section treated me to no avail4 ,i had running scrofulous sores on left side of neck and face4 ,i was small and weakly when eight or nine years old1 and in fact was nearly a skeleton4 ,six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery wrought marvelous changes4 ,although the sores were healed in eight months1 ,i did not quit taking it until ,i was sure it had been entirely routed from my system4 ,the only signs left of the dreadful disease are the scars which ever remind me of how near death's door ,i was until rescued by the ,discovery4 ,i am now eighteen years old and weigh #adh pounds2 and have not been sick in five years4 ,respectfully1 ,,harvey ,m4 ,,holleman1 ,wilmington1 ,newbern ,norfolk ,railway ,co41 ,wilmington1 ,new ,hanover ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,fever ,,sores4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration ,gentlemen--,my daughter who is now #ah years of age was attacked with a severe pain and swelling in her ankle1 which soon caused her to have high fever4 ,we employed some of the best physicians in this locality who pronounced it rheumatism1 did everything for her they could do1 but she kept getting worse from day to day1 and in about five weeks after she was first taken sick her ankles and legs came open and discharged a lot of yellow matter and finally slivers of bones came out of the openings in her ankles4 ,all the doctors we consulted said that we would have to have an operation performed on her and have the dead bones taken out1 or else she could not get well1 with the exception of one of the doctors who said that if her health could be improved the dead bones would come out and be replaced with new ones1 for the dead pieces would brake loose from the sound bone and come out through the opening with the matter2 but he could not do anything to improve her health4 ,after doctoring her three months she was reduced to a mere skeleton and had to be tended to like a mere baby and have her feet elevated1 or else she would scream with pain4 ,we commenced giving her ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,after using it for one month we could see1 for the first time1 that she was getting no worse1 and after using about five bottles her health began to improve a little2 but she still suffered with pain and could not have her feet down until she had taken twelve bottles4 ,when she had taken fifteen bottles--she began to walk on crutches1 and later with a cane1 for about two or three months1 when she could walk without a crutch or cane4 ,the diseased bones gradually came out in pieces1 some of them an inch to two inches long and one-fourth of an inch thick2 the sores healed as soon as the last dead bone was out4 ,she is now a strong healthy young lady as her photograph plainly shows4 ,respectfully yours1 ,d4,r4 ,,schroer4 ,holstein1 ,warren ,co41 ,mo4 ,,general ,,decline1 ,,running ,,sore ,,on ,,leg4 ,fort ,coulonge1 ,pontiac ,co41 ,quebec4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,thanks be to ,god1 and you1 ,i have the best of health since ,i have taken your special medicine and one bottle of ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i was as weak as any person could be without dying1 and ,i am as healthy as any person can be to-day1 and ,i have gained ten pounds since1 and a great many people remark to me how much better ,i look4 ,also1 ,i can mention to you another person who was cured by your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,his name is ,john ,mc,coy4 ,for near two years he never walked4 ,he suffered from a running sore on his leg1 and after using twelve bottles1 he could walk all right and is well to-day ,the doctors wanted to have it taken off4 ,you say in your letter you would like to have a photograph4 ,i have none and there is no photograph gallery in this village or ,i would have one taken4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs ,isaac ,brady ,,eczema4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,when ,i was married ,i weighed #abe pounds4 ,i was taken sick with a disease which my doctor said was eczema4 ,he failed to do me any good1 and ,i fell away to #ij pounds4 ,i had dyspepsia so bad that ,i could not eat anything4 ,my husband got me sarsaparillas and cures and bitters1 and nothing did me any good4 ,finally he got two bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i began using it1 and1 thank ,god and you1 ,i improved2 now ,i weigh #adj pounds1 and my skin is as smooth as a baby's4 ,my husband says ,i look younger than ,i did the first time he saw me4 ,i have better health than ever1 and ,i owe it all to you4 ,it is a miracle that ,i am cured4 ,i cannot say too much about the medicine4 ,very respectfully1 ,rebecca ,f4 ,gardner ,,fever ,,sores ,,or ,,indolent ,,ulcers--,,dropsy ,,and ,,torpid ,,liver4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr ,fred ,pestline4 ,dear ,sir--,i write in regard to your great ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i cannot be thankful enough to you for what it has done for me4 ,as a result of the grippe ,i had dropsy1 and ulcers formed on my legs with a most intolerable itching at night after going to bed4 ,my circulation was very poor and liver inactive4 ,i feel perfectly well since ,i took the medicine4 ,the old sores on my legs are all healed up1 and ,i feel like a new man4 ,i highly recommend your ,golden ,medical ,discovery to any inquiring person1 for it has saved my life4 ,yours very truly1 ,,fred4 ,,pestline1 ,alexander1 ,genesee ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,running ,,sore4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,kuhn4 ,gentlemen--,it pleases me to state that ,i had a running sore up on my neck1 and had it operated upon three times1 and still it was not cured4 ,i was also run down very much4 ,there was a decided change after using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i took a few bottles and was soon cured ,later my husband had a lump behind his ear2 he tried your medicine1 and one bottle cured him4 ,i shall always recommend your medicines4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,l4 ,,kohn1 ,no4 #fah ,e4 #afth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,old ,,sores ,,on ,,legs4 ,alexander1 ,n4,c4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,your ,golden ,medical ,discovery has proven a blessing to me4 ,it was recommended to me by ,rev4 ,p4,a4 ,kuykendall4 ,i have been a sufferer with old sores on my legs for four years4 ,i used three bottles of it1 and my legs are sound and well and my health is better than it has been for some time4 ,i had ,,the best doctors of this country treat my case and they failed to effect a cure4 ,yours respectfully1 ,j4,n4 ,kery ,kendall ,,hip-,,joint ,,disease4 ,,physicians ,,fail ,,to ,,benefit4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,j4 ,rush4 ,gentlemen--,at the age of eight years ,i became afflicted with ,hip-joint ,disease4 ,for a year ,i suffered as much as it was possible for a human being to suffer4 ,my physicians told me ,i would have to wait patiently1 but my father procured me some of ,doctor ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,i found my falling health restored4 ,i can cheerfully say that ,i believe ,i owe my life to the use of that valuable medicine4 ,your true friend1 ,,edward ,j4 ,,rush1 ,elizabeth1 ,harrison ,co4 ,ind4 ,,hip-,,joint ,,disease ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ridgley4 ,,miss ,,mary ,e4 ,,ridgley1 of ,gales ,creek1 ,washington ,co41 ,oregon1 when only three years old1 had lameness in one of her lower limbs but the use of liniment and ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets relieved her1 and she got better4 ,when six years old the trouble developed into hip-joint disease1 so pronounced by her physician4 ,she lost the use of the limb4 ,was three months under the doctors1 but got no better4 ,she complained of great pain in the limb1 especially in the knee and hip4 ,the limb wasted away1 becoming small and short1 and her back became crooked4 ,she had no appetite2 was very weak4 ,hip and knee were very tender to the touch4 ,physician's treatment not helping her1 her mother began to give her ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,four months afterwards she wrote ,dr4 ,pierce as follows3 ,she is growing fast1 and never complains of any pain or ache4 ,she sleeps well1 and eats heartily4 ,her leg has filled up1 and is as big as the other4 ,she plays around all day with the other children4 ,everybody is astonished to see how she has improved4 ,in the margin we print ,miss ,ridgley's picture as she appears twelve years after this treatment1 at the age of eighteen4 ,the young lady herself1 writes ,dr4 ,pierce as follows3 ,your medicines are worth their weight in gold4 ,i was cured of hip-joint disease by the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets1 and ,i feel sure that they can cure the worst cases if given a chance4 ,,hip-,,joint ,,disease ,,of #aa ,,years' ,,standing4 ,p4,o4 ,box #abh1 ,gagetown1 ,tuscola ,co41 ,mich4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,when ,i began taking your medicines ,i was in bed1 nothing would relieve me1 my hip being swelled seemingly ready to burst4 ,when ,i began to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets1 the swelling gradually decreased2 when ,i had taken one bottle ,i was able to be up4 ,i don't know how long ,i will remain well1 but ,i am satisfied that it is the medicine that did the work3 ,i take it right along2 as long as ,i can keep the way ,i am now1 ,i am satisfied4 ,i have recommended your remedies1 and will continue to do so4 ,yours truly1 ,h4,f4 ,giron ,,thick ,,neck 7,,goitre74 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,master ,sumner4 ,gentlemen--,i am willing and pleased to have you publish anything ,i have written in regard to the cure of my little son of ,goitre 7that a surgeon of ,n4 ,adams said could never be cured74 ,i do hope that by so doing some little one may escape the misery my little one suffered for over a year until ,i began the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i followed your directions found in the little book around the bottles4 ,before the first bottle was gone1 he could eat and sleep without that coughing and choking that1 before the use of the ,discovery1 was impossible4 ,the tumor began to lessen in size1 and after the third bottle ,i would never have known he ever had a tumor there4 ,he is now hearty and healthy4 ,sleeps as good as any child and is full of life4 ,he does not take anything to prevent a return1 and has not for over a year4 ,i have one of your ,common ,sense ,medical ,advisers1 and found it worth five times what ,i gave for it2 ,i have helped others to get it and the ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription have brought relief to many through me ,i use the ,prescription off and on2 it has given me strength2 ,i think ,i should have been an invalid long ago without it4 ,every one here knows the truth of this letter1 and ,i would tell it to the world if ,i could4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,,sumner1 ,heartwellville1 ,bennington ,co41 ,va4 ,,thick ,,neck 7,,goitre71 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,weakness ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,rachel ,mann4 ,miss ,,ella ,a4 ,,houghton1 of ,theresa1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,n4,y41 was cured of ,thick ,neck1 ,nervous ,prostration1 ,weakness and a complication of ailments by ,dr4 ,pierce's ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,she says3 ,my health is now as good as it was before ,i was sick4 ,the swelling 7goitre7 has all gone from my neck4 ,i don't have any bad feelings4 ,my gratitude for the benefit ,i have received from your treatment has induced me to recommend you to all whom ,i know to be sick4 ,i have known of two or three middle aged ladies residing near here1 who have been cured by your ',favorite ,prescription4' ,,goitre ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,rachel ,mann4 ,dear ,sirs--,i can say that your medicine has done its work well in the case of my sister1 ,miss ,rachel ,mann4 ,she is entirely well of ,goitre and throat trouble4 ,i am glad to say that we can recommend your medicines very highly4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mary ,j4 ,,mann1 for sister ,rachel ,mann1 ,romola1 ,center ,co41 ,pa4 ,,carbuncles ,,large ,,as ,,hen',s ,,eggs6 ,,eight ,,or ,,ten ,,years ,,afflicted4 ,,two ,,bottles ,,only1 ,,cure4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,col4 ,t4,u4 ,fogg4 ,gentlemen--,for about eight or ten years my father was laid up with carbuncles1 the worst that ,i ever saw4 ,he tried everything he heard of1 and his doctor did everything he could for him1 but nothing did him any good4 ,had six or seven carbuncles at a time1 as large as a hen's egg2 he got so weak and suffered so much he could not walk a step4 ,it was in the summer of '#gb or '#gc that he had his bed put in the middle of his chamber and got on it to die4 ,no one expected him to get well4 ,looking over the newspapers1 he saw your ,golden ,medical ,discovery advertised1 and the good it had done4 ,there was not any sold then in the country1 so he sent to ,richmond--forty-five miles--and got a bottle4 ,when he began to take it he was nearly covered with carbuncles--little and big together4 ,before he had taken half-a-bottle they began to go away4 ,before he had taken two bottles he was entirely cured1 and he has never been bothered with them since4 ,every time he sees any sign of them1 he gets a bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and it cures them4 ,my father1 ,col4 ,t4,u4 ,fogg1 lives in ,west ,point1 ,king ,william ,co41 ,va4 ,he is now seventy-eight years old1 and enjoys good health4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,,nannie ,,gouldman1 ,beulahville1 ,king ,william ,co41 ,va4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,thick ,,neck4 7,,goitre47 ,thick neck1 or goitre1 also sometimes called bronchocele1 consists of an enlargement of the thyroid gland1 which lies over and on each side of the trachea1 or windpipe1 between the prominence known as ,adam's apple and the breast bone4 ,the tumor gradually increases in front and laterally1 until it produces great deformity1 and often interferes with respiration and the act of swallowing4 ,from its pressure on the great blood-vessels running to and from the head1 there is a constant liability to engorgement of blood in the brain1 and to apoplexy1 epilepsy1 etc4 ,when the enlargement once makes its appearance1 it continues to increase in size as long as the person lives1 unless appropriate treatment be resorted to4 ,it never disappears spontaneously4 ,these tumors are much larger than those not familiar with them would suppose from their outward appearance1 as they extend under and are bound down by the muscles on each side of the neck1 so that they become embedded in the cellular tissues underneath1 while the sides of the neck retain1 to a considerable extent1 their round and even appearance1 whereby the real magnitude of the tumor is not apparent4 ,figure #g represents the appearance of the neck of a person afflicted with this disease4 ,the form of protuberance varies materially with different persons1 that shown in the engraving being the shape which it ordinarily assumes4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,the causes of the affection are not well understood4 ,the use of snow-water1 or water impregnated with some particular saline or calcareous matter1 has been assigned as a cause4 ,it has also been attributed to the use of water in which there is not a trace of iron1 iodine1 or bromine4 ,a writer in a ,swiss journal1 ,feuilles d' ,hygiene1 states that the disease is often due to an impeded circulation in the large veins of the neck1 from pressure of the clothing1 or from the head being bent forward1 a position which is often seen in school children1 when the muscles of the back of the neck have become fatigued4 ,,treatment4 ,we have obtained wonderful results by a new method of treatment1 which consists in the employment of electrolysis in conjunction with other therapeutic means4 ,there is scarcely a case in which this treatment1 properly carried out1 will not effect a radical cure4 ,it is attended with no danger whatever4 ,those who are afflicted with this disease and unable to avail themselves of special treatment1 cannot do better than to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,alterative ,extract1 or ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and apply to the skin over and around the tumor1 night and morning the following solution which may be prepared at any drug store3 iodine1 one drachm2 iodide of potassium1 four drachms2 dissolve in three ounces of soft water4 ,apply to the tumor twice a day1 with a feather or hair pencil4 ,,mumps4 7,,parotitis47 ,this is an inflammation of the parotid glands and generally occurs in childhood4 ,it is often epidemic1 and is manifestly contagious4 ,it usually1 though not always1 appears on both sides of the neck at the same time4 ,,symptoms4 ,an external1 movable swelling1 just below and in front of the ear1 near the angle of the jaw1 is the prominent symptom4 ,the enlargement is not circumscribed1 but hard and painful1 and attended with more or less fever1 derangement of the secretions1 and difficulty in swallowing4 ,the swelling increases until the fourth and fifth day1 when it gradually diminishes1 and by the eighth or tenth is entirely gone4 ,sometimes the disease is accompanied by swelling of the breasts in the female1 or the testicles in the male4 ,,treatment4 ,usually but little treatment is necessary4 ,exposure to cold should be avoided4 ,if severe or painful1 with febrile symptoms1 a hot foot-bath and small doses of the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-,weed1 in some diaphoretic infusion1 to induce sweating1 together with small doses of aconite1 will produce good results4 ,if swelling of the testicles threatens 7which seldom happens except on taking cold71 resort should be had to mild cathartics1 the spirit vapor-bath1 stimulating liniments to the neck1 and warm fomentations to the part attacked ,if delirium occurs1 a physician should be summoned4 ,,influenza1 ,,or ,,la ,,grippe4 ,this is an infectious disease1 characterized by depression1 and usually associated with a catarrhal condition of the mucous membrane4 ,it may affect the respiratory organs or the intestinal canal4 ,there is a marked liability to serious complications1 of which pneumonia is the most dangerous4 ,the disease is evidently due to a specific virus of great infectiveness1 and is more active and contagious at certain seasons and under certain conditions of the atmosphere4 ,by some it has been supposed that it is due to a miasma in the air1 but the character of its infection indicates that the true virus is of a germinal nature4 ,uncomplicated cases recover1 but in the aged and in the delicate we may see fatal results1 due usually to the profound depression or the high temperature to which the individual is subjected4 ,there is much redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat--a bronchitis--and a catarrhal state of the stomach and intestines4 ,these may all be present1 or the disease may center upon one particular portion of the animal economy1 and manifest its ravages there alone4 ,,symptoms4 ,the attack usually resembles an ordinary catarrh of cold4 ,in some cases the nasal catarrh is absent1 or very mild1 and the infection invades the general system1 with much fever4 ,a very striking manifestation of the disease is the severe nervous troubles which are present at the outset1 consisting of headache1 pain in the back and legs1 and a general soreness of the muscles and bones as if bruised or beaten4 ,the pulse is usually feeble and small--intermittent4 ,the disease may center in the brain1 producing delirium4 ,mental disorders are not uncommon1 and there is usually following the disease more or less inaptitude for mental work and a tendency to depression of spirits4 ,in many cases there is a severe diarrhea1 and the individual suffers much from pain and discomfort in the abdomen4 ,this is a gastro-intestinal irritation1 and apparently favors an early recovery1 and usually there are less severe sequels in such cases4 ,the most dangerous complication is pneumonia4 ,these cases may follow bronchitis1 or the grip may begin with well-characterized symptoms of this disease1 for which see the chapters upon this trouble4 ,the sputa may not be rusty until after several days4 ,the crisis is usually slow1 and a considerable proportion recover1 the disease frequently showing a sudden change for the better1 and the patient being up and around in a few days4 ,cases complicated with pneumonia are the most indefinite in their symptoms1 and require the closest attention4 ,,treatment4 ,in every case the disease must be regarded as a dangerous one1 and the patient be confined to bed and indoors until all fever has disappeared1 otherwise sudden and serious manifestations are liable to appear at any time4 ,the patient must be well fed and nourished from the outset4 ,the bowels should be acted upon by mild laxatives1 such as castor oil or ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 using from one to three4 ,it is also of advantage afterward to move them twice each day1 by the injection of warm water1 to which has been added a teaspoonful of table salt to each pint4 ,this injected into the rectum1 using the water slightly tepid1 or cool if the patient is feverish1 will tend to soften the actions from the bowels and favor the escape of poisonous matter4 ,the cool water has also a soothing effect upon the fever and nervous system4 ,if the fever is high1 and there is delirium1 small doses of aconite1 with water1 should be used every half hour or hour1 but all depressing agents of this kind must be used with caution1 as profound prostration sometimes develops4 ,warm baths1 repeated frequently1 and followed by hot lemonade1 are of the greatest benefit in reducing the feverish condition and quieting the patient4 ,the bed should be warmed after these are administered and the patient given hot lemonade to bring on free action of the skin1 kidneys1 and bowels4 ,where the pulse is weak1 the free use of stimulants1 as wine1 coffee1 tea1 and brandy or whiskey1 are required1 as the great danger of the disease is a depression of the heart4 ,in severe bronchitis1 pneumonia1 and other complications1 appropriate treatment should be applied4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,acute ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,acute ,nasal ,catarrh1 or cold in the head1 is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal passage which may confine itself to these parts or extend to the pharynx1 larynx1 and air-passages below1 or affect the auxiliary sinuses or cavities communicating with the nasal passages4 ,the most frequent cause of cold in the head is exposure to sudden changes in temperature1 or draughts of cool air1 without taking proper precaution to protect the body so as to prevent the rapid radiation of animal heat4 ,in most cases there is an inherited tendency or acquired weakness1 which frequently may be associated with a scrofulous condition of the whole system1 that render these points less resistant1 and consequently invite the morbid changes which result from exposure and cold4 ,acute ,catarrh also occurs during the initial stage of such eruptive diseases as measles1 typhus1 typhoid1 erysipelas1 etc4 ,seldom do we meet with an otherwise healthy individual1 who is subjected to a frequent cold in the head4 ,impure blood1 inherited scrofulous taints1 enfeebled circulation1 debility1 either general or nervous1 are all advance agents1 inviting catarrhal disease1 and preventing rapid recovery from an acute attack1 so that a low grade of ,chronic ,catarrh is generally the sequence4 ,,symptoms4 ,the attack is visually ushered in by a chill1 or chilly sensation1 feeling of lassitude1 followed by a slight fever4 ,these symptoms are not as distressing as the sense of fullness about the eyes and frontal region1 and prickling dry heat1 with more or less obstruction in the nostrils4 ,a few hours later follows a copious1 acrid watery discharge1 which gradually becomes thick and yellow4 ,often the inflammatory action may extend to the orifice of the eustachian tube1 causing obstruction with temporary deafness1 or ringing in the ears4 ,severe facial neuralgia may be caused by the pressure from the swollen parts upon the branches of sensitive nerves4 ,,treatment4 ,in the mild forms of acute catarrh1 or coryza1 only simple treatment is required4 ,a hot foot-bath on retiring at night1 with a full dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed1 to produce free perspiration will generally break up the attack4 ,should the discharge from the nostrils continue1 ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy should be freely used four to six times each day1 until the symptoms are controlled4 ,in case the bowels do not act1 a full dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets may he taken at bed-time4 ,avoidance of exposure to cold1 and light vegetable diet1 are advisable4 ,in the more severe attacks1 especially when complicated by laryngeal or bronchial symptoms1 the most decisive measures should be employed4 ,the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed should be taken freely1 together with hot drinks1 or a hot general bath4 ,the patient should be warmly covered in bed to encourage a continued perspiration1 to equalize the circulation1 and subdue the inflammation4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken in teaspoonful doses four times each day in all cases that are complicated or protracted4 ,individuals suffering from frequent colds will do wisely to fortify their systems by taking a few bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery to improve nutrition1 purify the blood1 and thus aid nature in overcoming such inherited tendency or required weakness as may be their misfortune to possess4 ,remember frequent attacks of ,acute ,catarrh prepare fertile soil for the chronic form which oftentimes is so loathsome and destructive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,ozaena4 ,in consequence of repeated attacks of acute catarrh1 or cold in the head1 as it is usually termed1 the mucous membranes of the nose and the air-passages of the head become permanently thickened1 the mucous follicles or glands diseased1 and their functions either destroyed or very much deranged4 ,although chronic catarrh is most commonly brought on in the manner above stated1 it sometimes makes its appearance as a sequel of typhoid fever1 scarlet fever1 measles1 or other eruptive fevers1 or shows itself as a local manifestation of scrofulous or syphilitic taints in the system4 ,injury to the nose may result in a displacement of one or more of the bony structures1 setting up a chronic inflammation with catarrh at that point4 ,in the early stages of the disease1 the patient may be annoyed with only a slight dropping into the throat1 as many express it1 the amount of the discharges from the air-passages of the head at this stage of the disease being only slightly in excess of health4 ,in some cases the discharge is thick1 ropy1 and tough1 requiring frequent and strong efforts in the way of blowing and spitting1 to remove it from the throat1 in which it frequently lodges4 ,in other cases1 or in other stages of the same case1 the discharge is thin1 watery1 acrid1 irritating1 and profuse4 ,the nose may be stopped up from the swollen and thickened condition of the lining mucous membrane1 so as to necessitate respiration through the mouth1 giving to the voice a disagreeable nasal twang4 ,from the nature of the obstruction in this condition1 it is useless for the sufferer to endeavor to clear the passage by blowing the nose2 this only tends to render a bad matter worse1 by increasing the irritation and swelling of the already thickened lining membrane4 ,the swelling of the mucous membrane does not in all cases become so great as to cause obstruction to respiration through the affected passages4 ,in some cases1 the patient suffers from head ache a great portion of the time1 or experiences a dull1 heavy1 disagreeable fullness or pressure in the head1 with a confusion of his ideas1 which renders him quite unfit for business1 especially such as requires deep thought and mental labor4 ,memory may be more or less affected1 and the disposition of those who are otherwise amiable is often rendered irritable or morose and despondent4 ,the mental faculties suffer to such an extent in some cases as to result in insanity4 ,the sense of smell is in many cases impaired1 and sometimes entirely lost1 and the senses of taste and hearing are not unfrequently more or less affected4 ,,oz,,na4 ,the ulcerous or more aggravated stage of the disease1 from the offensive odor that frequently attends it1 is denominated ,ozna4 ,the secretion which is thrown out in the more advanced stages of chronic catarrh becomes so acrid1 unhealthy1 and poisonous1 that it produces severe irritation and inflammation1 which are followed by excoriation and ulceration of the delicate membrane which lines the air-passages in the head4 ,although commencing in this membrane1 the ulceration is not confined to it1 but gradually extends in depth1 until it frequently involves all the component structures of the nose--cartilage and bone1 as well as fibrous tissues4 ,as the ulceration extends up among the small bones1 the discharge generally becomes profuse and often excessively fetid1 requires the frequent use of the handkerchief1 and renders the poor sufferer disagreeable to both himself and those with whom he associates4 ,thick1 tough1 brownish incrustations1 or hardened lumps1 are many times formed in the head1 by the evaporation of the watery portion of the discharge4 ,these lumps are sometimes so large and tough that it is with great difficulty that they can be removed4 ,they are usually discharged every second1 fourth1 or fifth day1 but only to be succeeded by another crop4 ,portions of cartilage and bone1 or even entire bones1 often die1 slough away1 and are discharged1 either in large flakes1 or blackened1 half-decayed1 and crumbly pieces2 or1 as is much more commonly the case1 in the form of numerous minute particles1 that escape with the discharge and are unobserved4 ,it is painfully unpleasant to witness the ravages of this terrible disease1 and observe the extent to which it sometimes progresses4 ,holes are eaten through the roof of the mouth1 and great cavities excavated into the solid bones of the face2 in such cases only the best and most through treatment will check the progress and fatal termination of the disease4 ,,complications4 ,catarrh1 or ozaena1 is liable to be complicated1 not only by the system1 blood1 and fluids1 suffering from scrofulous or other taints1 as has already been pointed out1 but also by an extension of the diseased conditions to other parts beyond the air-passages of the head4 ,occasionally deformities of the septum or other internal structures also polypi or tumors1 are sources of constant irritation and accelerate catarrhal disease4 ,,disease ,,of ,,the ,,throat4 ,the acrid1 irritating and poisonous discharge1 which1 in some stages of disease1 almost constantly runs down over the delicate lining membrane of the pharynx 7throat71 is liable to produce in this sensitive membrane a diseased condition similar to that existing in the air-passages of the head4 ,the throat may feel dry1 husky1 and at times slightly sore or raw2 or1 from the muco-purulent discharge that is almost constantly dropping down over its surface1 the patient may feel very little inconvenience from the disease of the throat until it is far advanced--the moistening and lubricating effect of the matter that drops on the surface tending to blunt the sensibility of the parts4 7,see pharyngitis for symptoms and treatment47 ,,the ,,extension ,,of ,,the ,,disease ,,to ,,the ,,larynx4 ,the larynx1 situated directly below the pharynx 7throat71 is subjected to the influence of the same irritation from acrid and poisonous discharges dropping into the throat from the head4 ,more or less of it is removed by hawking and spitting1 but some remains and is drawn into the larynx1 or still lower into the trachea 7windpipe71 with the inspired air4 ,thus the disease creeps along the continuous mucous surfaces of the air-passages1 the acrid poisonous discharge arousing in its track the irritation1 inflammation1 ulceration1 and thickening of the lining membrane which characterize the disease in other portions of the air-passages4 ,the symptoms and treatment of laryngitis will be found under its appropriate classification4 ,,bronchitis ,,and ,,consumption4 ,we have already detailed the manner in which the throat1 larynx1 and trachea1 in succession1 become affected from catarrh1 or ozaena4 ,by the same process of extension1 the bronchial tubes1 and lastly1 the parenchyma1 or substance of the lungs1 in their turn1 become diseased1 and bronchitis and consumption are firmly established4 ,tightness in the chest1 with difficulty of breathing2 soreness2 darting1 sharp1 or dull1 heavy pain1 or a prickly1 distressing sensation1 accompanied with more or less cough and expectoration--are evidences that the bronchial tubes have become affected1 and they should admonish the sufferer that he is now standing on the stepping-stone to ,,consumption1 over which thousands annually tread1 in their slow journey to the grave4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,internal and external ear4 #a1 ,external ear4 #b1 ,internal auditory meatus4 #c1 ,tympanum4 #d1 ,labyrinth4 #e1 ,eustachian tube4 ,,deafness4 ,by means of a small canal1 called the eustachian tube1 an air-passage and communication between the throat and middle ear is formed4 7,see ,fig4 #h47 ,this passage is lined by a continuation of the mucous membrane which covers the throat and nasal passages4 ,the catarrhal inflammatory process1 by continuity of surface1 follows the mucous membrane1 thickening its structure1 until the eustachian tube is closed1 and the beautiful mechanism of the internal ear is rendered useless4 ,while the thickening of the mucous membrane is going on1 and the passage is gradually becoming closed 7and the process sometimes extends through several years71 the patient will occasionally1 while blowing the nose1 experience a crackling in one or both ears1 and hearing becomes dull1 but returns suddenly1 accompanied with a snapping sound4 ,this may be repeated many times1 until1 finally1 hearing does not return1 but remains permanently injured4 ,in other cases the hearing is lost so gradually that a considerable degree of deafness may exist before the person is really aware of the fact4 ,either condition is often accompanied with noises in the head of every conceivable description1 increasing the distress of the sufferer4 ,the delicate bones of the ear are sometimes detached from their articulations1 the drum is ulcerated and perforated1 and through the orifice thus made1 the bones or small spicul may escape with the thick1 purulent1 and offensive discharge4 ,,closure ,,of ,,the ,,tear ,,duct4 ,the lachrymal duct1 or passage 7tear duct71 which1 when in a healthy condition1 serves to convey the tears from the eye into the nose1 may be closed by the same inflammatory and thickening process which we have already explained4 ,this condition is usually attended with watery and weak eyes1 the tears escaping over the cheeks1 and sometimes producing irritation and excoriation4 ,the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve sometimes participates in the ulceration going on in the head1 so that the eyes are sympathetically affected4 ,they sometimes become congested or inflamed1 and sharp pain in the eyeballs may be experienced4 ,,indigestion1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,etc4 ,a large portion of the acrid1 poisonous1 purulent discharge1 which drops into the throat during sleep1 is swallowed4 ,this disturbs the functions of the stomach1 causing weakness of that organ1 and producing indigestion1 dyspepsia1 nausea1 and loss of appetite4 ,many sufferers complain of a very distressing gnawing sensation in the stomach1 or an all gone1 or faint feelings1 as they often express it4 ,,symptoms4 ,dull1 heavy headaches through the temples and above the eyes2 indisposition to exercise2 difficulty of thinking or reasoning1 or concentrating the mind upon any subject2 lassitude2 indifference respecting business1 lack of ambition or energy2 obstruction of nasal passages2 discharges voluntarily falling into the throat1 sometimes profuse1 watery1 acrid1 thick and tenacious1 mucous1 purulent1 muco-purulent1 bloody1 concrete blood and pus1 putrid1 offensive1 etc4 ,in others1 a dryness of the nasal passages3 dry1 watery1 weak1 or inflamed eyes2 ringing in the ears1 deafness1 discharge from the ears1 hawking and coughing to clear the throat1 ulcerations1 death and decay of bones1 expectoration of putrid matter1 spicul of bones1 scabs from ulcers leaving surface raw1 constant desire to clear the nose and throat1 voice altered1 nasal twang1 offensive breath1 impairment or total deprivation of the sense of smell and taste1 dizziness1 mental depression1 loss of appetite1 nausea1 indigestion1 dyspepsia1 enlarged tonsils1 raw throat1 tickling cough1 difficulty in speaking plainly1 general debility1 idiocy1 and insanity4 ,all the above symptoms1 as well as some others which have been previously given1 and which it is not necessary here to repeat1 are common to this disease in some of its stages or complications2 yet thousands of cases annually terminate in consumption or chronic bronchitis1 and end in the grave1 without ever having manifested one-half of the symptoms enumerated4 ,,varieties4 ,people often suppose that there are a great many varieties or species of catarrh4 ,this is an error4 ,the nature of the disease is the same in all cases1 the symptoms only varying with the different stages of the disorder1 and the various complicated conditions which are liable to arise1 and which have already been pointed out4 ,,causes4 ,anything which debilitates the system1 or diminishes its powers of evolving animal heat and withstanding cold or sudden changes of atmospheric temperature1 and other disease-producing agencies1 renders the individual thus enfeebled very liable to catarrh4 ,among the most common debilitating agencies are a scrofulous condition of the system1 or other impurities of the blood1 exhaustive fevers1 and other prostrating acute diseases1 or those badly treated2 exhaustive and unnatural discharges1 intemperance1 excessive study1 self-abuse1 adversity1 grief1 want of sleep1 syphilitic taints of the system1 which may have been contracted unknowingly1 or may have been inherited1 having perhaps been handed down even unto the third or fourth generation1 to an innocent posterity from infected progenitors2 too sudden rest after great and fatiguing exercise1 and living in poorly-ventilated apartments4 ,these are among the most fruitful causes of those feeble1 deranged1 or impure conditions of the system to which catarrh so frequently owes its origin4 ,although the immediate or exciting cause is generally repeated attacks of cold in the head1 which1 being neglected or improperly treated2 go on from bad to worse1 yet the predisposing or real cause of the disease is in the majority of cases1 an enfeebled1 impure1 or otherwise faulty condition of the system1 which invites the disease1 and needs only the irritation produced in the nasal passages by an attack of cold1 to kindle the flame and establish the loathsome malady4 ,some people are convinced with difficulty that there exists in their system a weakness1 impurity1 or derangement of any kind1 which permitted the disease to fasten itself upon them4 ,they may not feel any great weakness1 may not have any pimples1 blotches1 eruptions1 swellings1 or ulcers1 upon their whole person2 in fact1 nothing about them that would1 except to the skilled eye of the practical and experienced physician1 indicate that their system is weakened or deranged with bad humors2 and yet such a fault may1 and ,,generally ,,does1 exist4 ,as an ulcer upon the leg1 or a fever-sore1 or an eruption upon the skin1 may be the only outward sign of a fault in the system1 so frequently chronic catarrh is the only sign by which a bad condition of the system manifests itself in a manner that is perceptible to the sufferer himself1 or to the non-professional observer4 ,the finely-skilled physician1 whose constant practice makes his perceptive faculties perfect in this direction1 would detect the constitutional fault1 as an experienced banker detects a finely-executed and dangerous bank-note which the unpracticed eye would pronounce genuine4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,examination of the ,nasal ,passages by means of the ,rhinoscope and ,head ,mirror4 ,,treatment4 ,if you would remove an evil strike at its root4 ,as the predisposing or real cause of catarrh is1 in the majority of cases1 some weakness1 impurity1 or otherwise faulty condition of the system1 in attempting to cure the disease our chief aim must be directed to the removal of that cause4 ,the more we see of this odious disease1 the more so we the importance of combining2 with the use of a local1 soothing and healing application1 a thorough and persistent internal use of blood-cleansing and tonic medicines4 ,as a local application for healing the diseased condition in the head1 ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy is beyond all comparison the best preparation ever invented4 ,it is mild and pleasant to use1 producing no smarting or pain1 and containing no strong1 irritating1 or caustic drug1 or other poison4 ,its ingredients are simple and harmless1 yet when scientifically and skillfully combined1 in just the right proportions1 they form a most wonderful and valuable healing medicine4 ,like gunpowder1 which is formed of a combination of saltpeter1 sulphur1 and charcoal1 the ingredients are simple1 but the product of their combination is wonderful in its effects4 ,the ,remedy is a powerful antiseptic1 and speedily destroys all bad smell which accompanies so many cases of catarrh1 thus affording great comfort to those who suffer from this disease4 ,the reader's mind cannot be too strongly impressed with the importance of combining thorough constitutional with the local treatment of this disease4 ,not only will the cure be thus more surely1 speedily1 and permanently1 effected1 but you thereby guard against other forms of disease breaking out1 as the result of humors in the blood or constitutional derangement or weakness4 ,in curing catarrh and all the various diseases with which it is so frequently complicated1 as throat1 bronchial1 and lung diseases1 weak stomach1 catarrhal deafness1 weak or inflamed eyes1 impure blood1 scrofulous and syphilitic taints1 the wonderful powers and virtues of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery cannot be too strongly extolled4 ,it has a specific effect upon the lining mucous membranes of the nasal and other air passages1 promoting the natural secretion of their follicles and glands1 thereby softening the diseased and thickened membrane1 and restoring it to its natural1 thin1 delicate1 moist1 healthy condition4 ,as a blood-purifier1 it is unsurpassed4 ,as those diseases which complicate catarrh are diseases of the lining mucous membranes1 or of the blood1 it will readily be seen why this medicine is so well calculated to cure them4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is the natural helpmate of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,it not only cleanses1 purifies1 regulates1 and builds up the system to a healthy standard1 and conquers throat1 bronchial1 and lung complications1 when any such exist1 but1 from its specific effects upon the lining membrane of the nasal passages1 it aids materially in restoring the diseased1 thickened1 or ulcerated membrane to a healthy condition1 and thus eradicates the disease4 ,when a cure is effected in this manner it is permanent4 ,the system is so purified1 regulated1 and strengthened1 as to be strongly fortified against the encroachments of catarrh and other diseases4 ,the effects of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery upon the system will be gradual1 and the alterative changes of tissue and function generally somewhat slow4 ,they are with however1 less complete1 radical1 and lasting2 and this constitutes its great merit4 ,under its influence all the secretions are aroused to carry the blood-poisons out of the system1 the nutrition is promoted1 and the patient finds himself gradually improving in flesh2 his strength is built up1 his lingering ailments dwindle away1 and by and by he finds his whole person has been entirely renovated and repaired he feels like a new man--a perfect being4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,atomizer4 ,,the ,,clothing4 ,with most persons suffering from chronic nasal catarrh1 there is a great disposition to take cold1 even slight cause being sufficient to produce an acute attack1 which greatly aggravates the chronic affection and operates to render it permanent4 ,to obviate the bad effects that are liable to result from this predisposition1 great attention should be paid to the clothing1 that it thoroughly protects the person from sudden changes of temperature4 ,for more particular and practical suggestions in regard to this matter1 the reader is referred to the article on ,clothing1 in ,part ,two1 ,chapter ,,ii1 of ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,,the ,,diet has an important influence with this disease1 as with consumption and many other chronic ailments4 ,it should be largely composed of those articles rich in the non-nitrogenized or carbonaceous elements4 ,fat meats1 rich1 sweet cream1 good butter1 and other similar articles of food1 should comprise a large part of the diet4 ,these elements1 which are prolific in the production of animal heat counteract the predisposition to take cold1 and thus become most valuable remedial agents--not less essential than the medical treatment that has been advised4 ,the patient1 suffering from chronic catarrh1 should study well the hygienic teachings to be found in ,part ,two of ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 and govern himself accordingly4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,complications4 ,there are various complications of this disease that require modifications of the treatment to meet them successfully4 ,the rules cannot be made that would enable non-professional readers to vary the treatment to suit peculiarities of constitution1 or complications of the disease4 ,when consulted1 either the person or by letter1 we have been able to so modify the treatment as to be adopt it to peculiar individuals which rejected the ordinary treatment1 and have thus cured hundreds who had otherwise failed to find relief4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,steam ,atomizer1 illustrating position of head during treatment4 ,,time ,,required ,,in ,,effecting ,a ,,cure4 ,reader1 if you suffer from chronic nasal catarrh1 do not expect to be very speedily cured1 especially if your case is one of long standing4 ,unprincipled quacks and charlatans1 who possess no knowledge of disease1 or medicine either1 and whose sole design is to palm off upon you a bottle or two of some worse than worthless strong1 caustic solution1 irritating snuff1 or drying fumigator1 dry up1 annihilator1 carbolated catarrh cure1 catarrh specific1 or other strong preparation1 will tell you that the worst cases can be speedily cured by these unreasonable means4 ,it is true that such strong1 irritating1 and drying preparations will many times suddenly arrest the discharge from the nose1 but the thickened or ulcerated condition of the lining mucous membrane1 which really constitutes the disease1 is not removed by such treatment1 and the discharge soon comes on again4 ,besides1 there is danger attending the employment of such strong1 irritating1 or drying preparations4 ,the disease1 by their use1 is frequently driven to the throat1 bronchial tubes1 lungs1 or brain1 and thus a bad matter is made worse4 ,not less irrational and unsuccessful is the plan of treating the disease with inhalations of carbolized iodine1 and other drags1 administered through variously-devised pocket and other inhalers4 ,such treatment may mask or cover up catarrh for a time2 but1 by reason of the constitutional nature of the disease1 it cannot effect a perfect and permanent cure4 ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 on the other hand1 cures the disease on common-sense1 rational1 and scientific principles1 by its mild1 soothing1 and healing properties1 to which the disease gradually yields1 when the system has been put in perfect order by the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,this is the only perfectly safe1 scientific1 and successful mode of acting upon and healing it4 ,without1 we trust1 being considered egotistical1 we can say that this opinion is based upon a large experience and a perfect familiarity with the nature and curability of the disease4 ,for many years our whole time and attention has been given to the study and cure of catarrh and other chronic diseases treated of in ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,cases of catarrh have been treated by thousands1 and our medicines for the cure of this loathsome disease1 and of other chronic diseases1 have met with an extensive sale in all parts of the ,united ,states1 and have found their way into many foreign countries4 ,the universal satisfaction with which their use has been attended1 and the grateful manifestations received from the cured1 have afforded one of the greatest pleasures of our lives4 ,scarcely a mail arrives that does not bring new testimony of cures effected by the treatment here recommended4 ,,directions ,,for ,,using ,,dr4 ,,sage',s ,,catarrh ,,remedy4 ,to prepare the medicine ready for use1 put the whole quantity of powder contained in the package1 as put up for sale1 into a bottle2 pour into it one pint of cool1 soft water4 ,rain water or melted snow is good4 ,ordinary lake1 river1 well or spring water will do if only slightly hard4 ,cork the bottle tightly and shake it thoroughly1 after which allow it to stand six or eight hours to settle4 ,two of the ingredients of which the remedy is composed do not entirely dissolve1 but their medicinal properties are completely and speedily extracted and taken up by the water4 ,these settlings have lost their medicinal properties and should not be allowed to enter the nasal cavity4 ,it should be kept tightly corked1 not allowing it to freeze in winter1 or be kept where it is very warm in summer4 ,this we term the ,catarrh ,remedy ,fluid4 ,use the fluid1 prepared according to the above directions1 not less than three or four times a day1 the last time just before retiring1 in the following manner3 ,without shaking the bottle to roll the fluid1 pour out a teaspoonful or more into the hollow of the hand1 hold it there until warmed2 first gently1 and afterwards forcibly1 snuff the fluid up one nostril and then the other1 until the nose is well filled and it passes back into the throat4 ,no fears need be entertained that it will produce strangling or any unpleasant effect in thus using it1 for1 unlike any other fluids 7simple tepid water not excepted71 it does not produce the slightest pain or disagreeable feeling1 but1 on the contrary1 leaves such a cooling1 pleasant sensation that its use soon becomes a pleasure rather than a task4 ,in a few minutes after thus using the remedy1 it should be blown out gently 7never forcibly71 to clear the nose and throat of all hardened crusts and offensive accumulations1 if any such exist4 ,never blow the nose violently1 as it irritates the passages and counteracts1 to some extent1 the curative effects of the remedy4 ,this process should be repeated until the remedy has been thoroughly applied two or three times1 not blowing it out the last time of using it1 but retaining the medicine in contact with the affected parts for a considerable length of time4 ,no harm can result if the fluid be swallowed1 as it contains nothing poisonous or injurious4 ,a ,,better ,,way4 ,the manner of using ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 advised above1 is somewhat imperfect and not nearly so thorough a mode as the one to which the reader's attention will now be directed4 ,in a very large number of bad cases of catarrh1 or those of long standing1 the disease has crept along and extended high up in the nasal passages1 and into the various sinuses or cavities1 and tubes communicating therewith4 ,the act of snuffing the fluid carries it along the floor of the nose and into the throat1 but does not carry it high enough1 or fill the passages full enough1 to reach all the chambers1 tubes1 and surfaces1 that are affected with the disease4 ,the fluid may seem1 from the sensation produced1 to pass high up between the eyes1 or even above them1 but it does not4 ,it is only a sensation transmitted to these parts by nerves1 the filaments of which are distributed to that portion of the mucous membrane which the fluid does not reach1 just as a sensation is transmitted to the little finger by a blow upon the elbow4 ,now1 in order to be most successful in the treatment of catarrh1 it is necessary that the remedy should reach and be thoroughly applied to all the affected parts4 ,this can be accomplished in only one way1 which is by hydrostatic pressure4 ,the anatomy of the nasal passages1 and the various chambers and tubes that communicate therewith1 is such that they cannot be reached with fluid administered with any kind of syringe or inhaling tube1 or with any instrument1 except one constructed to apply it upon the principle above stated4 ,such an instrument is ,dr4 ,pierce's ,nasal ,douche4 ,by the use of this instrument1 the fluid enters every portion of the air-passages of the head by its own weight1 no snuffing being required4 ,,directions ,,for ,,using ,,dr4 ,,sage',s ,,catarrh ,,remedy ,,with ,,this ,,instrument4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,this cut illustrates the manner of using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,nasal ,douche4 ,to cleanse out the passages previous to applying the ,catarrh ,remedy fluid1 take one quart of soft water1 add to it two large tablespoonfuls of common salt1 and shake it up occasionally until all is dissolved4 ,before use heat it until blood warm1 or1 in other words1 until it gives a pleasant1 mild warmth to the inserted finger4 ,put the reservoir on a shelf1 or hang it up1 so that it will be a little higher than the head3 fill the reservoir with salt and water1 pressing the tube between the thumb and finger so as to prevent the fluid from escaping through it2 introduce the nozzle at the end of the tube into one nostril1 pressing it in far enough to close the entrance of the passage so that no fluid can escape by the side of the tube1 breathe through the mouth1 avoid swallowing1 and allow the fluid to flow4 ,the soft palate1 by the act of breathing through the mouth1 is elevated so as to completely close the passage into the throat1 and thus the fluid is made to flow up one nostril in a gentle stream1 to pass into and thoroughly cleanse all the sinuses1 or cavities1 connected with the nasal passages1 and to flow out of the other nostril4 ,the douche should not be employed unless both nostrils are open and the flow is free4 ,if the head is stopped up1 snuff up the warm liquid from the hand occasionally1 until the passages are open and you can breathe freely through both nostrils4 ,do not forget that the instrument will not work properly unless you breathe through the mouth and avoid swallowing while the fluid flows4 ,fill the reservoir a second time with the simple salt and water1 and1 inserting the nozzle into the nostril out of which the fluid flowed on using it the first time1 pass the current through in the opposite direction2 that is1 so that it will flow out of the nostril into which it flowed the first time of using it4 ,after having thus thoroughly cleansed the passages1 fill the instrument half full or more with the ,catarrh ,remedy ,fluid1 prepared as heretofore directed1 and warmed to a moderate temperature1 and pass this through the nose in the same manner as directed for the salt water4 ,the salt water is not curative1 but is milder than simple water1 and is1 therefore1 preferable for cleansing the passages4 ,on first commencing the use of the instrument1 it is best to hang it only a very little higher than the forehead1 but after using it a few times1 put it up about as high as the length of the tube will admit4 ,let no one entertain any feeling of timidity on commencing the use of this instrument1 as its operation is perfectly simple and harmless1 and1 with the fluids which we recommend1 is never attended with any strangling1 choking1 pain1 or other disagreeable sensations4 ,the medicine should be applied with the ,douche at least twice a day1 in the morning and at night on retiring4 ,there is no advantage in using the medicine oftener than three times a day1 when used with the instrument1 but a sufficient quantity should be used each time to medicate all the diseased parts4 ,if any remains in the ,douche it may be poured back into the stock solution for subsequent use1 but a liquid that has once passed through the nasal cavity contains the germs of the disease and must not be used a second time4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nasal ,,polypus4 ,the term ,nasal ,polypus is usually given to a variety of growths which are met with in the nasal passages far more frequently than any other tumors4 ,they are thus designated because of their fancied resemblance to the aquatic polypus4 ,they occur singly1 or in clusters1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #ac4 ,in the early stages the mucous membrane is swollen and irregularly dilated1 presenting a rough and mottled appearance not unlike chronic catarrh with which they are usually associated4 ,gradually these mound-like tumors enlarge1 usually becoming pendulant1 and presenting a grayish opaque glistening surface1 similar to the pulp of a grape4 ,occasionally they become massive at the point of attachment1 and assimilate a warty or cauliflower growth4 ,the latter variety is better supplied with blood vessels and presents a red or dark pink surface and may bleed on slight irritation4 ,the favorite location is beneath or behind the middle or superior turbinated bodies1 oftentimes nearly or quite concealed4 ,however1 no portion of the mucous membrane lining the upper air passages is exempt4 ,sometimes they grow from the roof of the nostril and pharnyx in pendulous masses1 assuming the shape of the cavities1 filling the entire nostril and upper portion of pharnyx4 ,the mucous membrane covering the turbinated bodies may become dilated and swollen1 finally developing by catarrhal processes into a polypus at that point4 7,see ,h1 ,fig4 #ac47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,,nasal ,,polypi4 ,a4 ,anterior opening of the nostril4 ,b4 ,soft ,palate1 ,c4 ,orifice of the ,eustachian tube4 ,d1 ,d4 ,superior and inferior turbinated bodies4 ,e4 ,large ,polypus4 ,f4 ,several small ,polypi4 ,g4 ,throat4 ,h4 ,polypoid growth on turbinated body4 ,,causes4 ,nothing definitely is known regarding their causation4 ,they are generally supposed to originate in some constitutional derangement1 impairing the nutrition of the mucous membranes4 ,other cases are closely associated with chronic nasal catarrh1 and frequent attacks of cold in the head4 ,,symptoms4 ,these may vary considerably in different cases due to the character and location of the polypus4 ,in the early stages before the tumor is well developed1 the symptoms may be those of nasal catarrh1 and the diagnosis of polypus be possible only after a personal examination by a skillful specialist4 ,neither is the size of the polypus always in proportion to the severity of the symptoms4 ,the nasal discharge is generally increased and of a variable character4 ,as the tumors enlarge they cause a sense of fullness and weight between and below the eyes1 with more or less headache and facial neuralgia4 ,there is partial or complete obstruction of one or both nostrils4 ,in some cases the obstruction changes from one nostril to the other when lying down2 the stoppage generally being on the side toward the pillow4 ,a polypus located at the junction of the nasal passages and throat by force of gravity always causes obstruction to the lower nasal cavity when lying down4 ,polypi often attain considerable size and by pressure upon and displacement of the surrounding structures occasion hideous facial deformity4 ,changes in the weather often aggravate the symptoms4 ,by blowing the nostril the tumor sometimes may be forced forward1 so that it may be seen a short distance from the anterior opening of the nostril4 ,the voice is often affected1 being muffled or harsh in tone1 similar to that which accompanies a cold in the head4 ,respiration may be considerably embarrassed1 due to the obstruction in the nasal passages1 and the patient necessarily resorts to mouth breathing4 ,in advanced cases the ,larnyx is usually much congested1 being constantly irritated1 not only reflexly through the nervous system1 but directly by the inspired air1 and excoriating discharges dropping in the throat from behind the palate4 ,thus it is plain to understand how chronic ,pharyngitis1 ,laryngitis1 ,bronchitis1 and ,asthma may result from a small polypus in the nasal cavity4 ,,treatment4 ,in mild cases correcting the constitutional derangement may check the morbid process in the nostrils and cause absorption of the polypus growth4 ,for this purpose ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is unequaled4 ,the removal of the polypus may sometimes be accomplished by snuffing powdered blood-root4 ,when these measures fail it is necessary to seek surgical assistance4 ,after the removal of the polypus ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy should be used to prevent a recurrence4 ,,our ,,operation ,,for ,,nasal ,,tumors4 ,having operated with unvarying success upon a very large number and variety of nasal tumors at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute we are positively assured that the means and methods which we employ are neither severe or dangerous2 no pain1 consequently no shock2 recovery rapid and permanent4 ,many forms of injection and local treatment are in use for the removal of nasal polypi1 none of which have proven to be curative2 recurrence of the tumor many times following such treatment4 ,many cases have presented themselves after having been treated by the heroic method of seizing the polypus with a pair of forceps and forcibly tearing it loose1 bringing with it segments of healthy tissue1 leaving bone exposed1 and a ragged1 uneven surface of diseased membrane4 ,it is much easier to properly treat a case from the beginning than to undertake it in such a rendition4 ,owing to the fact that these nasal tumors grow directly from the lining membranes it is necessary not only to thoroughly remove the tumor but to treat the diseased membrane at the point from which the polypus springs2 otherwise another tumor may develop at the same point4 ,the nasal passage having been thoroughly ansthetized1 or benumbed1 by the use of cocaine1 the nasal speculum is introduced1 and by means of reflected light from the head mirror worn by the operator1 the interior of the nostril is brought into view4 7,see ,fig4 #i1 p4 #dgi47 ,often the attachment of the growth is entirely hidden behind the irregular bony structures of the nostril so that it requires the skill of an expert specialist1 deft in the manipulation of these parts1 to operate properly4 ,many styles and shapes of delicately devised instruments are necessary to completely remove the growth without doing injury to the adjacent structures4 ,by our newly devised operation the tumor is at once removed1 without pain1 and with the loss of only a few drops of blood4 ,further1 because the tumor is entirely removed and the base properly treated there is not the offensive discharge for a long time afterward and the danger from infection and blood-poison to which the patient is subjected in other forms of treatment4 ,in conclusion we would say that we claim for our operation the following points that are worthy of the careful consideration of every one who may be so unfortunate as to require the services of a specialist for the removal of growths in the nasal or upper air passages4 #ast4 ,our operation is absolutely painless4 #b;d4 ,no chloroform or ether is required4 #c;d4 ,we insure perfect removal of growth4 #dth4 ,there is no injury to other adjacent structures4 #eth4 ,the operation is bloodless4 #fth4 ,the recovery is rapid4 #gth4 ,there is no slough to produce pus that may be absorbed and cause blood-poisoning4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,deformity ,,of ,,the ,,nasal ,,septum4 ,in health the nasal septum is a bony or cartilaginous plate1 as shown in ,a1 ,fig4 #ad1 dividing the nasal passages into two cavities of the same size and shape4 ,this plate or partition is also a support to which the flexible structures which form the tip of the nose are attached4 ,in early life the septum is flexible and may be bent or doubled by injury to the nose2 but owing to its elasticity usually resumes its natural position and shape4 ,after maturity any dislocation or change in this bony plate usually remains permanent unless some means are employed for its correction4 ,in a limited number of cases supposed to be chronic nasal catarrh1 we have found upon examination that one or both nasal cavities were more or less obliterated and obstructed by the deformed and thickened septum4 7,see ,a1 ,fig4 #ae47 ,many of these cases date from an injury to the external parts1 causing only bleeding from the nose and a slight pain for a short time4 ,chronic inflammation develops at the point where the bone is bent or cracked1 resulting in thickening1 often producing nodules or spur-like projections which not only interfere with nasal breathing1 but also act as irritants to the adjacent delicate membranes and produce many of the symptoms common to nasal catarrh4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,anterior view of the healthy nasal passages as seen with the projecting portion of the nose removed4 ,a4 ,vertical septum or bony plate separating nostrils4 ,b1 ,b4 ,turbinated bodies4 ,c1 ,c4 ,nasal passages4 ,among other common causes are unequal or imperfect development of the nasal bones1 due to an inherited strumous tendency and local ulcerative disease1 weakening or destroying the bone4 ,,symptoms4 ,the location and extent of the deformity of the nasal septum necessarily gives opportunity for a variety of symptoms4 ,in aggravated cases the nose appears to be bent toward one side4 ,in the earlier stages there is an excess of mucous secretion1 often dropping into the throat from behind the palate4 ,the discharge is variable as in nasal catarrh with more or less difficult nasal breathing1 the stoppage changing from one nostril to the other4 ,sneezing and frequent attacks of nose bleed are often common symptoms4 ,the tendency of the disease is to extend backward often causing headache1 deafness1 roaring in the ears and post-nasal disease which results in a chronic sore throat1 the latter disease often being the one for which the patient seeks advice4 ,if allowed to progress uninterruptedly the throat gradually becomes more irritable1 associated with an annoying cough1 and the voice becomes harsh and has a nasal tone4 ,the general health is impaired1 the nervous system excitable2 laryngitis1 asthma1 and lung disease become complications1 which render the existence of the individual miserable4 ,,treatment4 ,in mild cases where the deformity is slight1 and the obstruction is not a constant symptom1 the nasal cavities should be cleansed 7,see treatment of nasal catarrh7 after inhaling dust1 and special attention given to the prompt treatment of cold in the head4 ,should there be irritability1 sneezing1 or a constant discharge1 it is advisable to use ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy as directed on p4 #dhc to soothe the excitability and lessen the inflammatory action in and about the thickened and deformed septum4 ,as an auxiliary to promote the absorption of the thickened tissues and restore them to a healthy activity1 a number of bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken while using the local treatment4 ,any dormant condition of the liver or digestive tract may be corrected by taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,purgative ,pellets4 ,in advanced cases after the structures are so diseased and thickened that it renders local treatment hopeless1 only surgical interference can prove curative4 ,,our ,,painless ,,operation4 ,by the application of a few drops of a solution of cocaine in the nostril1 at the point to be treated1 we are now able to produce such local ansthesia as to render the operation entirely painless without the administration of either chloroform or ether4 ,this is an important consideration as many are adverse to taking chloroform or ether1 and now that we possess an agent that produces1 locally1 complete insensibility to pain1 we are very glad to dispense with their use in all such minor operations4 ,there is no pain caused even by the application of the cocaine to deaden the sensibility of the part4 ,many examinations of the upper air-passages heretofore very annoying and even painful to the patient and sometimes unsatisfactory1 are rendered entirely painless1 and carried out with a thoroughness that would be impossible without the use of this wonderful agent4 ,not only in surgery of the nose and throat1 but alike in other departments1 our surgeon-specialists employ the same local ansthetic in all minor operations1 none of which are attended with the least pain4 ,our specialists were among the first surgeons in this country to employ this newly-discovered ansthetic4 ,we regard it as a great boon to our patients1 and never withhold it in any case where it can be employed to prevent suffering4 ,its use is attended with no danger1 nor is it followed by bad or disagreeable results4 ,,our ,,operation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,anterior view of deformed nasal passages as seem with the projecting portion of the nose removed4 ,a4 ,deformed and thickened septum or bony plate separating nostrils4 ,b1,b4 ,irregular and obstructed nasal passages4 ,c4 ,diseased and swollen turbinated body4 ,d1,d4 ,turbinated bodies crowded back by septum4 ,the nostrils being the entrance to and the beginning of the air passages no dexterity and skill can be spared in treating and properly correcting any deformity that may exist4 ,mutilation of these sensitive structures is sure to be followed by serious reflex symptoms in adjacent parts4 ,consequently cases of this nature should only be entrusted to the care of a competent and experienced specialist4 ,our resources and appliances are unlimited and seldom do we use the surgeon's knife in a case of this nature4 ,as in the treatment of other pathological growths in the upper air passages the rhinoscope is indispensable4 ,the parts can only be brought into the view of the operator by means of this instrument and sets of mirrors to reflect light on all sides of the deformed and hidden parts4 ,by our operation both nasal cavities are restored to their normal size and contour 7compare ,figs4 #ad1 #ae71 unhealthy and diseased tissues are removed1 and free nasal respiration established4 ,all treatments are carried out under strict aseptic precautions1 thus reducing the danger from absorption of poisonous secretions to the minimum4 ,by our skillful and ingenious management of these cases we never have had a single patient manifest any serious symptoms after operation4 ,in such cases we consider this the only safe1 practical1 and permanent cure4 ,every year hundreds pass out of existence the victims of incurable disease of the air-passages resulting from morbid nasal conditions1 who might be saved by proper and timely treatment4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pharyngitis ,,and ,,post-,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,use of the ,post-nasal ,syringe in the treatment of ,post-nasal ,catarrh4 ,a4 ,tongue4 ,b4 ,epiglottis4 ,c4 ,soft palate4 ,d4 ,anterior opening of the nostril4 ,e1,e1,e4 ,turbinated bodies4 ,f4 ,junction of the nasal passage and throat4 ,g4 ,diseased and roughened mucous membrane4 ,h4 ,throat or ,pharynx4 ,i1 ,i4 ,interior of nasal passage4 ,simple chronic pharyngitis seldom exists alone and uncomplicated2 most cases being the result of previous existing disease of the nasal or post-nasal passages4 ,many cases are associated with hypertrophy1 or enlargement1 of the tonsils4 ,usually the disease is located in the upper part of the pharynx1 or throat1 behind and above the uvula and soft palate1 and is thus hidden from view when looking into the throat through the mouth4 ,when not associated with nasal catarrh the common symptoms are dropping of tenacious mucous in the throat1 causing a constant desire to hawk and spit2 sense of dryness in this region2 cough and expectoration on rising in the morning1 which is due to the irritability of the throat1 and may invade the lower air-passages4 ,the throat may be studded with red and thickened patches of its mucous membrane4 ,respiration may be embarrassed1 the voice affected and the general health gradually decline4 ,the membrane above and behind the palate is angry1 reddened1 thickened and roughened1 as represented in ,g1 ,fig4 #af4 ,,treatment ,to rationally treat a disease1 attack the cause4 ,therefore1 in an uncomplicated case of post-nasal disease of the pharynx the medicine should be applied at this point4 ,for this purpose we recommend the regular and continuous use of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy administered preferably by means of the post-nasal syringe as illustrated in ,fig4 #af4 ,the efficacy of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy as a curative agent in catarrh of mucous membranes is unequaled if the medicine be properly and thoroughly applied4 ,the ,catarrh ,remedy fluid should be prepared as directed in the pamphlet which accompanies the medicine4 ,warm enough of the medicine to fill the syringe twice4 ,after the syringe is filled with the warm medicine1 introduce the curved tip behind the soft palate1 holding the syringe as seen in ,fig4 #af1 then incline the head forward over a wash bowl and empty the syringe by pressing the plunger quickly4 ,the medicine will immediately come in contact with the diseased surfaces and pass out through the nostrils1 thoroughly medicating1 disinfecting and cleansing the upper part of the throat and the posterior region of the nostrils4 ,two syringes of the medicine should be used for each treatment1 and two or more applications made every day until a cure is effected4 ,at the same time the local treatment is being used1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken to act through the blood upon the diseased tissues4 ,the ,catarrh ,remedy may be administered by means of the ,nasal ,douche1 if the case is complicated by nasal catarrh4 ,should tumors or deformities exist1 it is advisable to consult a specialist4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,enlarged ,,tonsils4 ,chronic enlargement of the tonsils1 as shown in ,fig4 #ag1 ,a ,a1 is an exceedingly common affection4 ,it is most common to those of a scrofulous habit4 ,it rarely makes its appearance after the thirtieth year1 unless it has been imperfectly cured4 ,both tonsils are generally1 though unequally enlarged4 ,a person affected with this disease is extremely liable to sore throat1 and contracts it on the slightest exposure2 the contraction of a cold1 suppression of perspiration1 or derangement of the digestive apparatus being sufficient to provoke inflammation4 ,,causes4 ,repeated attacks of quinsy1 scarlet fever1 diphtheria1 or scrofula1 and general impairment of the system1 predispose the individual to this disease4 ,,symptoms4 ,the voice is often husky1 nasal or guttural1 and disagreeable4 ,when the patient sleeps1 a low moaning is heard1 accompanied with snoring and stentorian breathing1 and the head is thrown back so as to bring the mouth on a line with the windpipe1 and thus facilitate the ingress of air into the lungs4 ,when the affection becomes serious it interferes with breathing and swallowing4 ,the chest is liable to become flattened in front and arched behind1 in consequence of the difficulty of respiration1 thus predisposing the patient to pulmonary disease4 ,on looking into the throat1 the enlarged tonsils may be seen1 as in the ,fig4 #ag4 ,sometimes they are so greatly increased in size that they touch each other4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,a4 ,a4 ,enlarged ,tonsils4 ,b4 ,elongated ,uvula4 ,,treatment4 ,the indications to be carried out in the cure of this malady are3 7#a47 ,to remedy the constitutional derangement4 7#b47 ,to remove the enlargement of the tonsilar glands4 ,the successful fulfillment of the first indication may be readily accomplished by attention to hygiene1 diet1 clothing1 and the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 together with small daily doses of his ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,this treatment should be persevered in for a considerable length of time after the enlargement has disappeared1 to prevent a return4 ,to fulfill the second indication1 astringent gargles may be used4 ,infusions of witch-hazel or cranesbill should be used during the day4 ,the following mixture is unsurpassed3 iodine1 one drachm2 iodide of potash1 four drachms2 pure1 soft water1 two ounces4 ,apply this preparation to the enlarged tonsils twice a day1 with a probang1 or soft swab1 being careful to paint them each time4 ,a persevering use of these remedies1 both internal and local1 is necessary to reduce and restore the parts to a healthy condition4 ,sometimes the enlarged tonsils undergo calcareous degeneration2 in this case1 nothing but their removal by a surgical operation is effectual4 ,this can be readily accomplished by any competent surgeon4 ,we have operated in a large number of cases1 and have never met with my unfavorable results4 ,the method we adopt at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for the removal of diseased tonsils is1 like other minor operations1 painless4 ,the patient is not required to take chloroform or ether4 ,when the enlarged gland is once thoroughly removed the disease seldom returns4 ,,elongation ,,of ,,the ,,uvula4 ,chronic enlargement1 or elongation of the uvula or soft palate1 as shown at ,b in ,fig4 #ag1 may arise from the same causes as enlargement of the tonsils4 ,it subjects the individual to a great deal of annoyance by dropping into or irritating the throat4 ,it causes tickling and frequent desire to clear the throat1 also change1 weakness and loss of voice1 and often gives rise to a very persistent and aggravating cough4 ,constriction of the throat1 cough and difficult breathing are more prominent symptoms in complicated cases4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment already laid down for enlarged tonsils1 with which affection1 elongation of the uvula is so often associated1 is generally effectual4 ,when it has existed for a long time1 and does not yield to this treatment it may be removed by any competent surgeon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chronic ,,laryngitis4 ,this is of much more frequent occurrence than the acute form1 and is often associated with tubercular affections1 and constitutional syphilis4 ,it is characterized by an inflammatory condition1 ulceration1 or hardening of the mucous membrane of the larynx1 most frequently the latter4 ,there is also a chronic form1 known as follicular laryngitis1 or clergymen's sore throat1 to which public speakers are subject4 ,,the ,,causes of chronic laryngitis are various1 as prolonged use of the vocal organs in reading or speaking2 using them too long on one pitch or key1 without regard to their modulation2 improper treatment of acute diseases of the throat2 neglected nasal catarrh2 the inordinate use of mercury2 syphilis2 repeated colds which directly cause sore throat1 injuries1 etc4 ,it is also frequently due to tubercular deposits1 and in these cases it generally terminates in consumption4 ,,symptoms4 ,the affection often comes on insidiously4 ,there is soreness of the throat1 noticeable particularly when speaking1 and immediately thereafter2 a raw and constricted feeling1 leading to frequent attempts to clear the throat1 in order to relieve the uneasy sensation4 ,the voice becomes altered1 hoarse1 and husky1 and there is a slight1 peculiar cough1 with but little expectoration4 ,at first1 the matter expectorated is mucus1 but as the disease advances1 and ulceration progresses1 it becomes muco-purulent1 perhaps lumpy1 bloody1 or is almost wholly pure pus4 ,the voice becomes more and more impaired1 and is finally lost4 ,in the latter stages1 it resembles consumption1 being attended with hectic fever1 night-sweats1 emaciation1 cough1 profuse expectoration1 and sometimes hemorrhage4 ,,treatment4 ,the patient should avoid using his voice as much as possible4 ,at the same time1 attention should be paid to the diet1 the bathing1 and the clothing4 ,every thing should be done that is calculated to build up and improve the general health4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is well adapted to remove morbid states of the disease1 in consequence of its direct action on the mucous membranes of the air-passages1 and its efficacy in allaying irritation of the laryngeal1 pharyngeal1 and pneumogastric nerves4 ,it should be perseveringly employed4 ,iodine inhalations1 administered with the pocket inhaler1 illustrated by ,fig4 #c1 and the application of tincture of iodine to the forepart of the neck1 are efficacious in many cases4 ,inhalations of chloride of ammonia1 administered with a steam-atomizer1 ,fig4 #aa1 in the form of spray1 are frequently of great benefit4 ,perseverance is necessary1 and the afflicted are cautioned against discontinuing the treatment too soon1 for the disease is very liable to return4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption4 ,,phthisis ,,pulmonalis4 ,by this we understand a constitutional affection1 characterized by a wasting away of the body1 attended by the deposition of tubercular matter into the lung tissue4 ,hence the appellations1 ,phthisis ,pulmonalis2 ,pulmonary ,tuberculosis2 ,tubercular ,consumption4 ,tubercles may form in other organs and result in a breaking down of their tissues1 but the employment of the term ,consumption in this article is restricted to the lungs4 ,the general prevalence1 the insidious attack1 and the distressing fatality of this disease1 demand the special attention and investigation of every thinking person4 ,it preys upon all classes of society4 ,rich and poor alike furnish its victims4 ,some idea of its prevalence may be formed when we consider that1 of the entire population of the globe1 one in every three hundred and twenty-three persons annually dies of consumption4 ,it may not be definitely known just what proportion of all the deaths in this country and ,europe occurs from this one disease4 ,those who have gathered statistics differ somewhat1 some claiming one-fourth1 while others put the ratio at one-sixth1 one-seventh1 and even as low as one-ninth4 ,a fair estimate1 and one probably very near the truth1 would be one-sixth or one-seventh of the whole number4 ,in ,new ,york ,city1 for five consecutive years1 the proportion was three in twenty4 ,in ,new ,england1 about twenty thousand annually succumb to this destroyer1 and in the ,state of ,new ,york as many more4 ,these figures may appear to be exaggerations1 but investigations of the subject prove them to be the simple truth4 ,epidemics of cholera1 yellow fever1 and other diseases of similar character1 so terrible in their results1 occasion wide-spread alarm1 and receive the most careful considerations for their prevention and cure1 while consumption receives scarcely a thought4 ,yet the number of their victims sinks into insignificance when compared with those of consumption4 ,like the thief in the night1 it steals upon its victim unawares4 ,in a large proportion of cases1 its approach is so insidious that the early symptoms are almost wholly disregarded2 indeed1 they excite but little1 if any1 attention1 and perhaps for a time disappear altogether4 ,thus the patient's suspicions1 if they have been aroused1 are allayed and appropriate measures for his relief are discontinued4 ,this may be the case until renewed attacks firmly establish the disease1 and before the patient is fully aware of the fatal tendency of his malady1 he is progressing rapidly towards that bourne from which no traveler returns4 ,as has already been stated1 consumption is a constitutional disease1 manifested by feeble vitality1 loss of strength1 emaciation--symptoms which are too often classed under the name of general debility1 until local symptoms develop1 as cough1 difficult breathing1 or hemorrhage1 when examination of the chest reveals the startling fact that tubercular deposits have been formed in the lungs4 ,invalids are seldom willing to believe that they have consumption1 until it is so far advanced that all medicine can do is to smooth the pathway to the grave4 ,another characteristic of this disease is hope1 which remains active until the very last1 flattering the patient into expectation of recovery4 ,to the influence of this emotion1 the prolongation of the patient's life may often be attributed4 ,,nature ,,of ,,the ,,disease4 ,it is an error to suppose that the disease under consideration is confined to the lungs4 ,pulmonary ,consumption1 as has been remarked1 is but a fragment of a great constitutional malady4 ,the lungs are merely the stage where it plays its most conspicuous part4 ,every part of the system is more or less involved1 every vital operation more or less deranged2 especially is the nutritive function vitiated and imperfect4 ,the circulation is also involved in the general morbid condition4 ,tubercles1 which constitute a marked feature of the disease1 are composed of unorganized matter1 deposited from the blood in the tissue of the lungs4 ,they are small globules of a yellow1 opaque1 friable substance1 of about the consistency of cheese4 ,after their deposition1 they are increased in size by the accretion of fresh matter of the same kind4 ,they are characteristic of all forms of scrofulous disease4 ,the most plausible theory in regard to them is1 that they are the result of imperfect nutrition4 ,such a substance cannot be produced in the blood when this fluid is perfectly formed4 ,it is an unorganized particle of matter1 resulting from the imperfect elaboration of the products of digestion1 which is not1 therefore1 properly fitted for assimilation with the tissues4 ,the system being unable to appropriate it1 and powerless to cast in off through the excretory channels1 deposits it in the lungs or other parts of the body4 ,there it remains as a foreign substance1 like a splinter or thorn in the flesh1 until ejected by suppuration and sloughing of the surrounding parts4 ,it might be supposed by some that when the offending matter was thus eliminated from the lungs1 they would heal and the patient recover2 but1 unfortunately1 the deposition of tubercular matter does no cease4 ,owing to the morbid action of the vital forces1 it is formed and deposited as fast or faster than it can be thrown off by expectoration4 ,hence arises the remarkable fatality of pulmonary consumption4 ,,causes4 ,the causes of consumption are numerous and varied1 but may all be classed under two heads1 viz3 ,constitutional1 or predisposing1 and local1 or exciting4 ,of just what tubercular matter consists1 is still a subject of controversy1 but that its existence depends upon certain conditions1 either congenital or acquired1 is generally conceded2 and one of these conditions is impaired vitality4 ,constitutional predisposition must first give rise to conditions which will admit of the formation of tubercular matter1 before any cause whatever can occasion its local deposition4 ,it must modify the vitality of the whole system1 when other causes may determine in the system thus impaired1 the peculiar morbid action of which tubercular matter is the product4 ,the general division of causes into predisposing and exciting1 must ever be more or less arbitrary4 ,individuals subject to predisposing causes may live the natural term of life and finally die of other disease4 ,indeed1 when predisposing causes are known to exist1 they should constitute a warning for the avoidance of other causes4 ,again1 among the so-called exciting causes1 some may operate in such a manner1 with some individuals1 as to predispose them to consumption1 and the result will be the same as if the disposition had been congenital4 ,the causes which in one individual are exciting1 under other circumstances and in other individuals1 would be predisposing1 because they act so as to depress the vitality and impair the nutritive processes4 ,,the ,,predisposing ,,causes1 then1 are hereditary predisposition1 scrofula1 debility of the parents1 climatic influences1 sedentary habits1 depressing emotions1 in fact1 anything which impairs the vital forces and interferes with the perfect elaboration of nutritive material4 ,,the ,,exciting ,,causes are those which are capable of arousing the predisposing ones into activity1 and which1 in some instances1 may themselves induce predisposition2 as dyspepsia1 nasal catarrh1 colds1 suppressed menstruation1 bronchitis1 retrocession of cutaneous affections1 measles1 scarlatina1 malaria1 whooping-cough1 small-pox1 continued fevers1 pleurisy1 pneumonia1 long-continued influence of cold1 sudden prolonged exposure to cold1 sudden suspension of long-continued discharges1 masturbation1 excessive venery1 wastes from excessive mental activity1 insufficient diet1 both as regards quantity and quality1 exposure to impure air1 atmospheric vicissitudes1 dark dwellings1 dampness1 prolonged lactation1 depressing mental emotions1 insufficient clothing1 improper treatment of other diseases1 exhaustive discharges1 tight lacing1 fast life in fashionable society1 and impurity and impoverishment of blood from any cause4 ,this list might be greatly extended1 but the other causes are generally in some manner allied to those already named4 ,,symptoms4 ,the symptoms of consumption vary with the progress of the disease4 ,writers generally recognize three stages1 which so gradually change from one to the other that a dividing line cannot be drawn4 ,as the disease progresses1 new conditions develop1 which are manifested by new symptoms4 ,prior to the advent of pulmonary symptoms1 is the latent period1 which may extend over a variable length of time1 from a few months to several years2 and1 indeed1 may never be developed any farther4 ,until sufficient tubercular matter has been deposited in the lungs to alter the sounds observed on auscultation and percussion1 a definite diagnosis of tubercular consumption cannot be made1 even though there may have been hemorrhage4 ,nevertheless1 when we find paleness1 emaciation1 accelerated and difficult breathing1 increased frequency of the pulse1 an increase of temperature1 and general debility coming on gradually without any apparent cause1 we have sufficient grounds for grave suspicions4 ,these are increased if tenderness under the collar-bone1 with a slight1 hacking cough is present4 ,these symptoms should be sufficient to warn any individual who has the slightest reason to believe that he is disposed to consumption1 to lose no time in instituting the appropriate hygienic and medical treatment1 for it is at this stage that remedies will be found most effective4 ,unfortunately1 this period is too apt to pass unheeded1 or receive but trifling attention2 the patient finds some trivial excuse for his present condition1 and believes that he will soon be well4 ,but1 alas for his anticipations6 ,the disease goes onward and onward1 gradually gaining ground1 from which it will be with great difficulty dislodged4 ,the cough now becomes sufficiently harassing to attract attention1 and is generally worse in the morning4 ,the expectoration is slight and frothy2 the pulse varies from ninety to one hundred and twenty beats in a minute1 and sometimes even exceeds this4 ,flushes of heat and a burning sensation on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands are experienced4 ,a circumscribed redness of one or both cheeks is apparent4 ,these symptoms increase in the afternoon1 and in the evening are followed by a sense of chilliness more or less severe4 ,the appetite may be good1 even voracious2 but the patient remarks that his food does not seem to do him any good1 and1 to use a popular expression1 he is going into a decline4 ,as the strength wanes the cough becomes more and more severe1 as if occasioned by a fresh cold1 in which way the patient vainly tries to account for it4 ,expectoration increases1 becomes more opaque1 and1 perhaps1 yellow1 with occasionally slight dots or streaks of blood4 ,the fever increases1 and there is more pain and oppression of the chest1 particularly during deep respiration after exercise4 ,palpitation is more severe4 ,there may now be night-sweats1 tire patient waking in the morning to find himself drenched in perspiration1 exhausted1 and haggard4 ,bleeding from the lungs occurs1 and creates alarm and astonishment1 often coming on suddenly without warning4 ,the hemorrhage usually ceases spontaneously1 or on the administration of proper remedies1 and in a few days the patient feels better than he has felt for some time previously4 ,the cough is less severe1 and the breathing less difficult4 ,indeed1 a complete remission sometimes occurs1 and both patient and friends deceive themselves with the belief that the afflicted one is getting well4 ,after an indefinite length of time1 the symptoms return with greater severity4 ,these remissions and aggravations may be repeated several times1 each successive remission being less perfect1 each recurrence more severe1 carrying the patient further down the road toward the dark valley4 ,now the cough increases1 the paroxysms become more severe1 the expectoration more copious and purulent1 as the tubercular deposits soften and break down4 ,the voice is hollow and reverberating1 the chest is flattened1 and loses its mobility2 the collar-bones are prominent1 with marked depression above and below4 ,auscultation reveals a bubbling1 gurgling sound1 as the air passes through the matter in the bronchi1 with the click1 to the air cells beyond4 ,percussion gives a dull sound or if there are large cavities1 it is hollow1 and auscultation elicits the amphoric sound1 as of blowing into a bottle4 ,hectic fever is now fully established2 the eye is unusually bright and pearly1 with dilated pupils1 which gives a peculiar expression2 the paroxysms of coughing exhaust the patient1 and he gasps and pants for breath4 ,the tongue now becomes furred1 the patient thirsty1 the bowels constipated1 and all the functions are irregularly performed4 ,another remission may now occur1 and the patient be able to resume light employment1 for an indefinite length of time1 which we have known to extend over three or four years1 when the symptoms again return4 ,if the patient is a female1 and deranged or suppressed menstruation has not marked the accession of pulmonary symptoms1 the flow now becomes profuse and clotted1 or is scanty and colorless1 sometimes ceasing altogether4 ,in the male1 the sexual powers diminish1 and copulation is followed by excessive and long-continued prostration4 ,from this time onward1 the progress of the disease is more rapid4 ,the liver and kidneys are implicated4 ,in addition to the pallor1 the complexion becomes jaundiced1 giving the patient1 who is now wasting to a mere skeleton1 a ghastly look4 ,the urine is generally copious and limpid1 though occasionally scanty and yellow4 ,the pulse increases to one hundred and thirty or one hundred and forty beats in the minute1 and is feeble and thread-like4 ,the cough harasses the patient so that he does not sleep1 or his rest is fitful and unrefreshing2 whenever sleep does occur1 the patient wakes to find himself drenched with a cold1 clammy perspiration4 ,the throat1 mouth1 and tongue now become tender1 and occasionally ulcerate4 ,expectoration is profuse1 purulent1 and viscid1 clinging tenaciously to the throat and mouth1 and the patient no longer has strength to eject it4 ,the hair now falls off1 the nails become livid1 and the breathing difficult and gasping2 the patient has no longer strength to move himself in bed and has to be propped up with pillows1 and suffocates on assuming the recumbent position4 ,drinks are swallowed with difficulty4 ,diarrhea takes the place of constipation4 ,the extremities are cold1 swollen1 and dropsical2 the voice feeble1 hollow1 grating1 husky1 the patient gasping between each word2 the respiration is short and quick4 ,a slight remission of these symptoms occurs4 ,the patient is more comfortable1 lively1 cheerful1 and perhaps forms plans for the future4 ,but it is the last effort of expiring vitality1 the last flicker of the lamp of life1 the candle burns brilliantly for a moment1 and with one last effort goes out1 and death closes the scene4 ,the duration of the active stage of consumption varies from a few weeks to several years1 the average time being about eighteen months4 ,cough is always a prominent symptom throughout the entire course of the disease1 varying with its progress4 ,expectoration1 at first scanty1 then slightly increased1 colorless1 frothy1 and mucous1 is also a characteristic4 ,after a time it becomes opaque1 yellow1 and more or less watery2 then muco-purulent and finally purulent1 copious1 and viscid4 ,when tubercular matter is freely expectorated1 with but little mucus1 it sinks in water4 ,this symptom continues to the very last4 ,haemoptysis 7bleeding from the lungs7 may occur at any stage of the disease1 often being the first pulmonary symptom noticed1 again being delayed until late2 and there are cases in which it does not happen at all4 ,it seldom occurs in any other disease4 ,night-sweats may occur at any stage1 though they are rarely experienced until the disease is pretty well established1 and are very exhausting4 ,hectic ,fever generally occurs soon after the pulmonary symptoms are developed1 and increases in intensity with the progress of the disease4 ,there are usually two paroxysms in twenty-four hours1 one of which occurs towards evening and is followed by night-sweats4 ,dyspnoea 7difficult breathing7 is at first slight1 except after exertion1 amounting to only a sense of oppression2 but it becomes more and more severe as the disease advances1 until the very last1 when it is agonizing in the extreme4 ,aphth1 sometimes extending to the pharynx and larynx1 generally occurs towards the last4 ,the mouth and throat become so very sore and tender that nourishment and medicine are taken with difficulty4 ,emaciation and ,debility are characteristic of the disease4 ,they fluctuate as the disease advances or is retarded1 increasing to the very last4 ,auscultation and ,percussion constitute valuable means of diagnosis from the time tubercular matter begins to be deposited to the very last1 and1 when correctly practiced1 reveal the extent and progress of the disease4 ,as a knowledge of the sounds elicited can only be acquired by practical experience with proper instruments1 they will not be described here4 ,the only diseases with which consumption is likely to be confounded are general debility in the early stage1 bronchitis1 chronic pleurisy1 chronic pneumonia1 and abscess in the lungs1 after the advent of pulmonary symptoms4 ,,curability4 ,notwithstanding the prevailing opinion that consumption is incurable1 there exists ample1 incontrovertible evidence to the contrary4 ,its curability is established beyond the shadow of a doubt4 ,individuals have recovered in whom there was extensive destruction of pulmonary tissue1 and1 indeed1 entire destruction of one lung4 ,numerous instances are on record in which persons have suffered from all the symptoms of confirmed consumption1 and have regained their health and subsequently died of other diseases4 ,the case of the late ,dr4 ,joseph ,parish1 of ,philadelphia1 affords a striking example of this kind4 ,in early life1 he manifested all the symptoms of confirmed consumption1 including frequent hemorrhages1 yet he fully regained his health1 and1 after a very useful life1 died at an advanced age of another disease4 ,post-mortem examination revealed the existence of cicatrices1 or scars1 in his lungs where tubercular matter had been deposited4 ,dr4 ,wood1 in his ,practice of ,medicine1 mentions another instance of a medical gentleman in ,philadelphia1 who in early life suffered from consumption with hmoptysis1 from which he recovered1 and afterwards died1 at an advanced age1 of typhoid fever1 when the knife revealed the presence of cicatrices4 ,post-mortem examinations of individuals who have died of other diseases1 have revealed1 in numerous instances1 the presence of consumption at some period of their existence4 ,in these cases the lungs were perfectly healed by cicatrization1 or by the deposit of a chalky material4 ,a ,french physician made post-mortem examinations of one hundred women1 all of whom were over sixty years of age1 and who had died of other diseases1 and in fifty of them he found evidences of the previous existence of consumption4 ,professor ,flint says that consumption sometimes terminates in recovery1 and that his observations lead him to the conclusion that the prospect of recovery is more favorable in cases characterized by frequent hemorrhages4 ,drs4 ,ware and ,walshe are also led to the same conclusion4 ,professor ,j4 ,hughes ,bennett1 of ,edinburgh1 has thoroughly investigated the subject1 and adds his testimony to that of others1 citing numerous cases that have resulted in perfect recovery4 ,if such testimony is not sufficient1 we may mention the following1 whose names are well known and respected in professional circles1 and all of whom declare that consumption is a curable disease4 ,the list includes ,laennec1 ,andral1 ,cruveilhier1 ,kingston1 ,presat1 ,roge1 ,boudet1 and a host of others4 ,no farther back than #ahff1 on page #ade1 of the proceedings of the ,connecticut ,medical ,society1 we find ,observations1 ,ante-mortem and ,post-mortem1 upon the case of the late ,president ,day by ,prof4 ,s4,g4 ,hubbard1 ,m4,d41 ,new ,haven1 from which we learn that ,jeremiah ,day1 ,,ll4 ,d41 who was for twenty-nine years ,president of ,yale ,college1 was1 while a mere youth1 a victim of pulmonary consumption4 ,during his infancy and boyhood his vitality was feeble4 ,he entered ,yale ,college as a student in #aghi1 but was soon obliged to leave the institution on account of pulmonary difficulty1 which was doubtless the incipient stage of the organic disease of the lungs which subsequently developed itself4 ,he remained in feeble health for two years1 but returned to college1 and graduated in #agig4 ,for the next six years his lung difficulties were quite severe1 and he repeatedly bled in large quantities1 but he had so far recovered in #ahjc1 as to accept a ,professorship4 ,he was afterwards chosen ,president of the college1 which office he held for many years1 in the enjoyment of good health4 ,he died from old age1 as we are told1 in #ahfg1 aged #id years4 ,statistics show that under the improved methods of treating this disease1 the mortality1 as compared with previous years1 has been greatly reduced4 ,clinical observation proves that injuries to the lungs are not so fatal as was once supposed4 ,,treatment4 ,the earlier the treatment of this disease is undertaken1 the greater is the probability of success4 ,the reason of this is obvious2 at first the disease is general or constitutional1 but as it advances1 by the deposit of tubercular matter1 it becomes both constitutional and local4 ,hence the treatment must be both general and local4 ,the occurrence of certain prominent and distressing symptoms1 either from the natural progress of the disease1 or from complications with other affections1 often renders it difficult1 even for physicians1 to determine how far their treatment should be general and how far local4 ,treating the symptoms instead of the general disease1 or treating the constitutional disease without regard to the symptoms which arise from it1 is an error into which many physicians have fallen4 ,the constitutional affection1 the local manifestations and complications1 and the circumstances and individual peculiarities of the patient1 must all be carefully considered2 bearing in mind all the while1 that tubercular matter is the product of a morbid action1 which1 in every case1 must exist before its deposition in the lungs1 or any other tissue1 can take place4 ,in every case in which curative treatment is to be instituted1 the hearty and persistent co-operation of both patient and friends is absolutely necessary2 and the treatment1 which is both hygienic and medical in character1 should have in view the following aims3 7#a47 ,the avoidance of the causes concerned in the production and perpetuation of the disease4 7#b47 ,the restoration of healthy nutrition1 in order to stop the formation of tuberculous matter4 7#c47 ,the arrest of the abnormal breaking down of the tissues1 and the prevention of emaciation4 7#d47 ,the relief of local symptoms1 and the complications arising from other diseases4 ,the fulfillment of the first indication1 the avoidance of causes1 is of the utmost importance1 for if they have been sufficient to produce the disease1 their continued operation must certainly be sufficient to perpetuate it4 ,a single individual is very often subjected to the operation of several of the causes already enumerated1 some of which1 in consequence of circumstances and surroundings1 are unavoidable4 ,of these1 the one most difficult to overcome is climate2 i4e4 the frequent variations of temperature4 ,upon the subject of climate much has been written4 ,but that which is best adapted to the cure of consumption1 is that which will enable the patient to pass a certain number of hours every day in the pure open air1 without exposure to sudden alterations of temperature4 ,there are very few persons who change their place of residence1 except as a last resort1 when the disease is in the last stage4 ,it is then productive of little or no good4 ,this is one reason why so many people having consumption die in ,florida1 and other warm countries4 ,if a change of climate is to be effected at all1 it should be made early4 ,the most powerful stimulant to health is well-regulated exercise4 ,it assists the performance of every function1 and is of paramount importance to promote good digestion and proper assimilation1 conditions essential for recovery4 ,it should not1 however1 be carried beyond the powers of endurance of the individual1 so as to exhaust or fatigue4 ,everything that can invigorate should be adopted2 everything that exhausts should be shunned4 ,to fulfill the second indication1 to restore healthy nutrition1 requires not only a proper diet1 both as regards quantity and quality1 but demands that the integrity of the organs concerned in the process of digestion and assimilation1 shall be maintained at the highest standard of perfection possible4 ,that the diet be sufficient in quantity should be obvious to all4 ,it is also necessary that it be nutritious1 and that it should contain carbonaceous elements4 ,food of a starchy or saccharine character is apt to increase acidity1 and interfere with the assimilation of other elements1 therefore1 articles1 rich in fatty matters1 should enter largely into the diet4 ,the articles of food best adapted to the consumptive invalid are milk1 rich cream1 eggs1 bread made from unbolted wheat-flour1 and raised with yeast1 cracked wheat1 oatmeal1 good butter1 beef1 game1 and fowls4 ,these contain the necessary elements for assimilation4 ,oily food is of great importance1 and the beef eaten should contain a good proportion of fat4 ,plenty of salt should always be eaten with the food1 and a desire for it is often experienced4 ,over-eating should be avoided1 lest the stomach be induced to rebel against articles of diet rich in important elements4 ,derangement of the process of nutrition requires careful attention1 and1 if necessary1 correction4 ,for this purpose1 nothing can excel ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,it increases the appetite1 favors the nutritive transformation of the food1 enriches the blood1 and thus retards the deposition of tubercular matter4 ,it is so combined that1 while it meets all these indications1 it relieves or prevents the development of those distressing symptoms so common in this disease4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is adapted to fulfill the third indication in the management of this disease1 which is to check the abnormal breaking down and waste of tissues1 which constitute such a prominent feature in this malady4 ,the antiseptic properties of the ,discovery are unmistakably manifested in preventing such abnormal decomposition4 ,the emaciation1 excessive expectoration1 profuse perspiration1 diarrhea1 and hectic fever1 common to consumption1 are all due to a too rapid disintegration and waste of the tissues4 ,it is in this condition of the system that this medicine1 by its powerful antiseptic properties1 manifests its most wonderful curative ability4 ,when1 as in this disease1 the vital forces of the system have1 in a degree1 lost their restraining influence over the processes of disintegration1 waste1 and decay1 which goes on so rapidly that nutrition cannot compensate for the loss to the system1 then it is that the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 by its antiseptic influence1 checks this rapid waste of the tissues1 and thus arrests the disease4 ,to the lack of employment of such a remedy in the treatment of consumption1 the unparalleled fatality of the disease is largely due4 ,in their anxiety to improve digestion and nutrition1 and thus build up the tissues1 physicians often lose sight of the no less important indication of restraining the destructive waste going on in the system1 which overbalances the supplies furnished by absorption4 ,the gradually increasing emaciation and loss of strength render perpetuity of the organism impossible4 ,the fulfillment of the fourth indication1 to relieve local symptoms1 and the complications with other diseases1 is often attended with no little difficulty4 ,the ,cough is a secondary symptom1 arising from the irritation caused by the tubercular deposits4 ,medicated inhalations may give temporary relief1 but cannot cure it4 ,they strike at the branches of the disease1 while the root is left to flourish and develop new branches4 ,expectorants have been employed to a great extent1 and the theories1 which have been advanced in favor of their use1 are sometimes very ingenious4 ,that they modify the cough1 we do not attempt to deny2 but it is usually at a great expense1 for they derange the stomach and interfere with digestion and assimilation4 ,improvement of the general health is always attended with amelioration of the cough4 ,if the patient did not cough at all1 the lungs would soon fill up with broken-down tissue1 and death from suffocation would result4 ,irritation of the nerves supplying the lungs sometimes occurs1 and causes the patient to cough immoderately1 when it is not necessary for the purpose of expectoration4 ,this condition is readily controlled by ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which exerts a decidedly quieting and tonic influence upon the pneumogastric nerve1 which1 with its ramifications1 is the one involved4 ,an infusion of the common red clover1 in tablespoonful doses1 will also be found a valuable adjunct in overcoming this condition4 ,hoemoptysis4 ,hemorrhage from the lungs is generally sudden and unexpected in its attack1 though sometimes preceded by difficulty of breathing1 and a salty taste in the mouth4 ,although it very rarely destroys life1 it often occasions alarm4 ,common table salt1 given in one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful doses1 repeated every ten or fifteen minutes1 is generally sufficient to control it4 ,ligatures applied to the thighs and arms1 sufficiently tight to arrest the circulation of blood in the veins1 but not tight enough to impede it in the arteries1 is a useful proceeding4 ,ergot1 in teaspoonful doses of the fluid extract1 hamamelis1 and gallic acid1 all are valuable for this purpose4 ,night-sweats can only be regarded as a symptom of weakness1 and are to be remedied by an improvement of the general health4 ,bathing in salt water is sometimes attended with good results4 ,the practice of giving acids for this symptom can only be regarded as irrational4 ,it may arrest the sweating1 but it will do harm in other ways4 ,belladonna1 given at bed-time1 is an effectual remedy4 ,frequency of the pulse is generally a prominent symptom in this disease4 ,it sometimes points to a condition of sufficient importance to require a remedy4 ,although the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is combined to meet this condition1 its value may be greatly enhanced by adding one-half to one teaspoonful1 according to the urgency of the case and the frequency of the pulse1 of the fluid extract of ,veratrum ,viride to each bottle4 ,the benefit of this1 when persisted in1 will be apparent in the amelioration of all the symptoms1 and in the general improvement4 ,this fluid extract can be had at any drug store4 ,diarrhea is sometimes a troublesome symptom1 and particularly so in the latter stages of the disease4 ,it is generally due to acidity of the alimentary canal1 to which the treatment must be directed4 ,great care should be taken in the selection of the diet to improve the quality and avoid everything which disagrees with the patient4 ,improve digestion by every possible means4 ,carbonate of soda and rhubarb1 in the form of a syrup1 are sometimes excellent4 ,the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed1 in small doses1 will generally diminish the frequency of the discharges4 ,derangement of the ,liver is often a complication requiring attention1 and the timely relief of which goes very far in ameliorating the general condition of the patient4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is generally sufficient to relieve this complication4 ,its influence1 however1 may be considerably increased in this direction by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 according to the directions which accompany them4 ,they should only be taken in the smallest doses1 one or two ,pellets every day1 just enough to produce a natural movement of the bowels each day4 ,uterine ,derangements4 ,in the female1 derangement of the menstrual function is generally an early complication of consumption1 if indeed it does not occur at the outset4 ,it deserves early attention1 and1 in addition to the remedies already advised1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription is so compounded as to meet the requirements of this condition1 and at the same time exert a favorable influence upon the constitutional disease4 ,the numerous reports of cures of well-developed cases of ,consumption to be found in the back portion of this little treatise must be sufficient1 it seems to us1 to convince the most skeptical of the wonderful power which ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery exercises over this terribly fatal malady4 ,as will be noted1 many of the cases there reported had long been unsuccessfully treated with cod liver oil emulsion and all the other usual remedies employed by the profession and were fast running down4 ,golden ,medical ,discovery aroused the stomach and liver1 and started all the nutritive functions into action1 whereby digestion and nutrition were promoted and both the strength and flesh steadily built up4 ,the reader will bear in mind1 that most of the cases hereinafter reported1 were pronounced ,consumption by their attending physicians as well as by us4 ,it cannot be said1 therefore1 that we exaggerate the malady and that the cases were merely bad1 lingering coughs4 ,thousands1 whose maladies have been pronounced genuine ,tubercular ,pulmonary ,consumption1 7,phthisis ,pulmonalis7 by eminent physicians have been perfectly and permanently cured by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,it can1 therefore1 no longer be doubted that this wonderful compound is far superior as a remedy for ,consumption to cod liver oil1 compound ,hypophosphites1 and the many other agents so highly extolled1 and so generally prescribed for this fatal malady by even the more progressive and advanced of the medical profession of our day4 ,read the letters received from grateful patients who have been cured and note how many commend the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 as a last resort1 after their home physicians had exhausted all their skill and resources in vain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chronic ,,bronchitis4 ,this is a subacute or chronic form of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes1 of a very persistent character and variable intensity4 ,there are few diseases which manifest a greater variety of modifications than this4 ,,symptoms4 ,the symptoms of this disease vary greatly with its violence and progress4 ,cough is always present1 and is very often the first symptom to attract the patient's attention4 ,it is usually increased by every slight cold1 and with each fresh accession becomes more and more severe1 and is arrested with greater difficulty4 ,the cough is always persistent1 sometimes short and hacking1 at other times deep1 prolonged1 and harsh4 ,sometimes it is spasmodic and irritating and particularly so when it is associated with affections of the larynx1 or with asthma1 involving irritation of the branches or the filaments of the pneumogastric nerve4 ,when the chronic follows the acute form of the disease1 or follows inflammation of the lungs1 the expectoration may be profuse from the first1 and of a yellowish color and tenacious character4 ,when the disease arises from other causes1 the expectoration is generally slight at first1 and the cough dry or hacking4 ,this may continue some time before much expectoration occurs4 ,the expectorated matter is at first whitish1 opaque1 and tenacious1 mixed sometimes with a frothy mucus1 requiring considerable coughing to loosen it and throw it off4 ,as the disease progresses1 it becomes thicker1 more sticky1 of a yellowish or greenish color1 mixed with pus1 and sometimes streaked with blood4 ,in the latter stages1 it becomes profuse and fetid1 and severe hemorrhage may occur4 ,sometimes the cough and expectoration disappear when the weather becomes warm1 to appear again with the return of winter1 which has gained for it the appellation of winter cough4 ,the sufferers feel as if something was bound tightly round them1 rendering inhalation difficult4 ,soreness throughout the chest is often a persistent symptom1 especially when the cough is dry and hard4 ,behind the breast-bone there is experienced a sense of uneasiness1 in some cases amounting to pain1 more or less severe4 ,as the disease progresses1 the loss of strength is more and more marked1 the patient can no longer follow his usual employment1 his spirits are depressed1 and he gradually sinks1 or tubercular matter is deposited in the lungs1 and consumption is developed4 ,,treatment4 ,thorough attention to hygiene1 with the avoidance of the causes concerned in the production and perpetuation of the disease1 is necessary4 ,the patient must be protected from the vicissitudes of the weather by plenty of clothing2 flannel should be worn next to the skin1 with a pad of flannel or buckskin over the chest1 and the feet should be kept warm and dry4 ,exercise in the open air is essential4 ,when the weather is so cold as to excite coughing1 something should be worn over the mouth1 as a thin cloth1 handkerchief1 muffler1 or anything which will modify the temperature of the atmosphere before it comes into contact with the mucous lining of the lungs4 ,good ventilation of sleeping-rooms is all-important2 not that the air should be cold1 but that it should be as pure as possible4 ,the diet must be nutritious1 cabonaceous1 and of sufficient quantity4 ,beef1 milk1 rich cream1 plenty of good butter1 eggs1 fish1 wheat bread from unbolted flour1 supply the appropriate alimentary substances for perfect nutrition and the maintenance of animal heat4 ,to overcome the modified form of inflammation in the bronchial tubes1 all sources of irritation should be avoided1 as the inhalation of dust1 or excessively cold air4 ,it is in the cure of severe and obstinate cases of this disease that ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery has achieved unparalleled success1 and won the highest praise from those who have used it4 ,its value will generally be enhanced in treating this complaint by adding one-half a teaspoonful of the fluid extract of ,veratrum ,viride to each bottle4 ,this can be added by any respectable druggist4 ,especially should it be thus modified if the pulse be accelerated so as to beat ninety or a hundred times in a minute4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken in teaspoonful doses1 repeated every two hours4 ,when the cough is dry and hard1 with no expectoration1 it arises from irritation of some of the branches of the pneumogastric nerve1 which this remedy will relieve4 ,it may1 however1 be aided by inhaling the hot vapor of vinegar and water1 or vapor from a decoction of hops1 to which vinegar has been added4 ,the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be persisted in1 taking it in frequent doses1 every two or three hours1 and keeping up its use until the disease yields and is perfectly stamped out4 ,do not expect a formidable disease of perhaps weeks' or months' duration to be speedily cured4 ,chronic diseases are generally slow in their inception and development and can only be cured by gradual stages4 ,perseverance in treatment is required4 ,many invalids do not possess the strength of purpose--the will power--to continue the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery long enough to receive its full benefits4 ,it is worse than useless for such to commence its use1 for without persistency it cannot be expected to cure such obstinate maladies as chronic bronchitis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,asthma4 ,,phthisic4 ,one of the most distressing ailments with which the human family is afflicted is asthma4 ,its symptoms are not to be mistaken4 ,suddenly and without apparent provocation the patient experiences the greatest difficulty in breathing4 ,when warning is given1 there is usually a sense of fullness in the stomach1 flatulence1 languor1 and general nervous irritability4 ,the countenance is a picture of anxiety and horror4 ,the difficulty of breathing increases and the struggle for air commences4 ,windows and doors are thrown open1 fans used1 and1 utterly regardless of consequences1 the sufferer passes the whole night in exposure and torture1 even though the temperature be below zero4 ,fearing suffocation1 the patient dare not lie down2 he rushes to the window for air1 rests his head upon a table or chair1 or upon his hands1 with the elbows upon the knees1 jumps up suddenly and gasps and struggles for air4 ,the eyes are prominent and the veins of the forehead distended with blood2 sometimes the bowels are relaxed4 ,the urine is colorless and is passed in copious quantities4 ,this symptom indicates great excitement of the nervous system4 ,the voice is hoarse1 articulation difficult1 breathing limited1 noisy and wheezy4 ,the wheezing is pathognomonic of the disease4 ,it can only be confounded with croup1 and then only in the young4 ,in croup there is pain and difficulty in swallowing1 fever and cough1 which are usually absent in asthma4 ,a severe paroxysm of asthma is very distressing to witness1 and one unused to it might well suppose the sufferer to be in his last agonies4 ,no definite limit can be assigned to the duration of the attack or of the disease4 ,it may last but a few minutes1 may endure for hours1 or with slight remission continue for days4 ,the condition of the patient may be for years as changeable as the pointings of the weather-vane4 ,in fact1 the atmosphere has much to do with the disease4 ,with every approaching storm1 with every cloud of dust1 even the dust from sweeping a room1 with every foul odor1 and1 in some more sensitive organizations1 with even the perfume of flowers1 a paroxysm is provoked4 ,truly he is a child of circumstances1 a veritable football upon the toes of every atmospheric disturbance4 ,,unparalleled ,,success4 ,persons affected with asthma or phthisic are numerous4 ,with such an amount of suffering in our midst is it not a marvel1 if not a disgrace1 that the medical profession of to-day endorse the opinions of a half century ago and pronounce it incurable1 rather than make stupendous and laudable efforts to discover plans of medication that will result in certain and permanent cure8 ,almost single handed we undertook this field of investigation1 and we take pleasure in reporting that our labors have been crowned with success4 ,the large experience furnished us has led to the discovery of remedies for this distressing malady of more than ordinary efficacy4 ,through the agency of these means we have been enabled to cure hundreds1 who had suffered untold tortures for twelve1 fifteen1 or twenty-five years4 ,some whom we have been successful in curing had suffered from childhood to middle and even old age4 ,the treatment of asthma1 or phthisic1 still continues to be a prominent specialty at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,nature ,,of ,,the ,,disease4 ,as to the exact pathological condition in this malady1 opinions differ4 ,some physicians consider it a disease of the nervous system1 others1 of the blood1 others1 of the bronchial tubes1 while not a few believe it to be dependent upon some disease of the stomach1 heart1 liver1 kidneys1 or due to urinary affections1 or female weakness4 ,respecting all these diseases of special organs1 it is evident that any complication1 and particularly one that is debilitating or causes irritation of the nervous system will increase its severity4 ,this important fact we keep constantly in view in our treatment1 and prescribe remedies to remove all complications4 ,in heart disease there is often dyspnoea1 or difficult breathing1 but this is not of the nature of asthma1 or phthisic4 ,the condition of the lungs is readily understood4 ,there being an obstruction to the free passage of the blood through the heart1 any excessive muscular exertion1 or anything1 in fact1 which increases the action of the heart1 is very apt to produce congestion of the lungs1 and then the blood becomes surcharged with carbonic acid1 which causes increased efforts to take more air into the lungs4 ,a ,,nervous ,,disease4 ,a sudden fright1 unfavorable news1 grief1 loss of property1 etc41 circumstances which affect the mind and nervous system1 almost invariably throw the phthisical into a paroxysm4 ,nervines are demanded1 particularly if the case be a chronic one1 and we see that they are carefully and properly prepared and supplied1 and in such a form as to be exactly fitted to the temperament and constitution4 ,,popular ,,remedies ,,used ,,for ,,self-,,treatment ,,of ,,asthma4 ,there are numerous remedies that may be used to relieve paroxysms of asthma4 ,among them we will notice a few that are most frequently employed by the profession4 ,they can be easily and inexpensively prepared by any patient or druggist3 #a4 ,equal parts of the tinctures of lobalis capsicum and skunk cabbage root4 ,dose4--,take a half teaspoonful in a little water every ten or fifteen minutes until relieved4 ,,note4--,this is an antispasmodic and relaxant4 ,in considerable quantities it will produce sickness at the stomach and perhaps vomiting4 ,it should not be used when there is disease of the heart4 #b4 ,chloroform4 ,dose4--,a small quantity 7say thirty drops71 may be poured upon a handkerchief or napkin1 held about one inch from the nostrils and the vapor inhaled4 ,it is quite unnecessary to use this until insensibility follows2 in fact1 such an effect would be hazardous to life in the hands of the inexperienced4 #c4 ,sulphuric ether4 ,dose4--,the same as ,no4 #b1 and with the same precaution4 ,either of them should be used promptly upon the beginning of the paroxysm4 #d4 ,take four ounces of stramonium leaves and strip from the stems1 rubbing between the hands to partly pulverize4 ,to this add one ounce of saltpetre1 finely powdered4 ,dose4--,place a half teaspoonful upon a very hot shovel4 ,inhale the rising smoke4 ,if the first few inspirations cause coughing1 the smoke should not be evaded as the coughing incites deeper inspiration4 #e4 ,stramonium and saltpetre as in ,no4 #d4 ,dampen with water and make into balls or cones4 ,these are more easily handled and are fired in the same way as the powder and used in the same way4 #f4 ,take of sunflower leaves1 stramonium leaves1 mullein leaves1 one ounce each2 of lobelia leaves1 half an ounce2 of powdered nitre1 one ounce2 and benzoic acid1 two drams4 ,mix thoroughly4 ,dose4--,a pipeful1 to be smoked the same as tobacco4 #g4 ,a cup of hot coffee or several of hot water4 ,this is especially effective in cases arising from checked perspiration1 from rheumatism1 etc4 ,these recipes are given to the public as being the principal agents employed by the medical profession throughout the world4 ,it must be distinctly understood that they are not curative but merely palliative1 and used to relieve paroxysms4 ,we object to them wholly and unqualifiedly because they contain ,,narcotics4 ,it is a fundamental principle in our treatment not to use this class of remedies4 ,they stupefy the brain1 debilitate the nervous system1 and have1 in not a few instances1 formed an unfortunate appetite and habit1 most difficult to overcome4 ,we are of the opinion that one of the chief reasons why this malady has been considered incurable is the fact that physicians have almost universally relied upon narcotic drugs4 ,with such medication a cure is the exception4 ,a cure can only be effected under such circumstances when the powers of nature are sufficient to overcome both the ,,narcotic and the ,,disease4 ,that they will relieve we do not deny1 but they will never cure4 ,it reminds us of an old country doctor who advised a lady to smoke tobacco to cure acid dyspepsia4 ,she followed the prescription for over thirty years and at last accounts was not cured yet4 ,in all seriousness we ask would any other remedy except a narcotic or stimulant be used with such persistency for anything like this length of time8 ,is it not apparent that such agents form a habit which is often worse than the disease1 and yet fail to effect a cure8 ,we appreciate the necessity for relief1 and do not blame sufferers for availing themselves of any means for this purpose4 ,but they should not be satisfied with relief only1 but should look about for such a system of medication as will rid them of the disease completely and permanently4 ,if a week's or a month's exemption is a foretaste of heaven1 how incomparable are the comforts and happiness to be derived from a life-time immunity8 ,,millions ,,of ,,dollars are annually spent upon the advice of physicians1 in traveling expenses1 and hotel bills1 by sufferers from asthma1 or phthisic1 in seeking a change of climate that will be advantageous4 ,it is the last expedient of the doctor who is annoyed by the continued complaint of his unrelieved patient1 and can only be made available by the wealthy4 ,in some instances the change is beneficial1 but to be effectually so a permanent change of residence is required4 ,most patients are unable or unwilling to do this4 ,in some cases change only affords temporary relief1 the attacks returning after a few months4 ,even the wealthy dislike to take such chances4 ,the less opulent cannot think of such methods1 and hence are compelled to bear their sufferings as best they can4 ,in the majority of instances the change of climate is only an illusion1 or only temporarily beneficial at best4 ,we can tell them a better way1 and if they are wise they will follow it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hay ,,asthma1 ,,or ,,hay ,,fever4 ,this affection1 known also as ,hay ,catarrh1 ,hay ,fever1 or ,rose ,cold differs but little in its manifestations1 from coryza1 or cold in the head1 save in its inciting cause1 and in its element of periodicity4 ,in this latitude there are persons who1 during summer or early fall1 are invariably attacked with acute congestion or inflammation of the upper air-passages1 giving rise to sneezing1 watery discharges from the nose and eyes1 difficult respiration1 fever1 and general prostration4 ,these symptoms are supposed to be induced by the inhalation of pollen or odors from grasses or flowers1 which at that time are supposed to give off certain exhalations of an ,irritating character4 ,unless arrested by medical treatment1 the disease lasts until cool weather1 or the occurrence of a hard frost rids the atmosphere of the exciting influence4 ,some feather beds give off an odor which excites all the aggravated symptoms of this disease4 ,thus it appears that certain emanations have the power of inciting these inflammatory conditions in certain sensitive constitutions4 ,in all individuals suffering from this disease there is an over sensitiveness of the nervous system which admits of the appearance of such sudden and severe manifestations4 ,many cases suffering only mild symptoms for the first few seasons1 annually become aggravated until severe spasmodic asthma is a regular1 and sometimes continuous complication4 ,a case or two are on record in which the odor from the body of a horse so induced these symptoms that the individual could never ride or drive him4 ,,treatment4 ,in mild cases1 or when the attack first appears1 the daily use of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy fluid will neutralize and wash away the poisonous particles which have found lodgment in the nasal passages4 ,the ,remedy is best applied with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,nasal ,douche4 ,when the disease has existed the previous season it is necessary that the patient begin both constitutional and local treatment four or six weeks prior to an expected return of the disease4 ,the nervous system should be strengthened1 and the resistance of the patient to the irritating influence of these pollens and odors so increased1 that even though he may be exposed1 no severe symptoms will follow4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery will be found invaluable as an alterative1 blood purifier1 and nerve tonic1 and should be taken regularly while ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy is being used locally for its antiseptic and curative properties4 ,the action of the ,discovery is especially desired in cases that are so far advanced as to be attended with asthmatic symptoms1 such as difficult breathing1 headache1 and a feeling of lassitude and prostration4 ,in very obstinate or distressing cases our specialists have been able to prescribe and send1 by mail or express1 special courses of treatment which have proven so effective as to cure the disease permanently1 so that it has not reappeared the following season4 ,the treatment seems to have produced such an impression upon the system as to have fortified the individual against a return of the disease4 ,in rare cases morbid growths in the upper air-passages are of such a nature as in themselves to be a source of sufficient excitement to unbalance the nervous equilibrium so that the individual is thus rendered more susceptible to this disease4 ,in such1 or exceedingly obstinate cases a personal examination by our specialist is desirable1 and often results in the use of such measures as give permanent relief4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,if the following letters had been written by your best known and most esteemed neighbors they could be no more worthy of your confidence than they now are1 coming1 as they do1 from well known1 intelligent1 and trustworthy citizens1 who1 in their several neighborhoods1 enjoy the fullest confidence and respect of all who know them4 ,out of thousands of similar letters received from former patrons1 we have selected these few at random1 and have to regret that we can find room only for this comparatively small number in this volume4 ,,bleeding ,,from ,,lungs1 ,,consumption ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 7,before7 ,c4,h4 ,,harris1 ,,esq4 ,illustration3 7,after7 ,c4,h4 ,,harris1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to say to you that ,doctor ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery saved my life and has made me a man2 my home-physician says ,i am good for forty years yet4 ,you will remember that my case was a case just between life and death1 and all of my friends were sure it was a case of death1 until ,i commenced taking a second bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 when ,i was able to sit up and the cough was very much better1 and the bleeding from my lungs stopped1 and before ,i had taken six bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery my cough ceased and ,i was a new man and ready for business4 ,and now ,i feel that it is a duty that ,i owe to my fellow-men to recommend to them the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 which saved my life when doctors and all kinds of medicines failed to do me any good4 ,i will send to you with this letter two of my photographs2 one was taken a few weeks before ,i was taken down sick in bed1 and the other was taken after ,i was well4 ,yours respectfully1 ,c4,h4 ,,harris1 ,no4 #afbb ,second ,avenue1 ,rock ,island1 ,ill4 ,,severe ,,chronic ,,cough4 ,wilbar1 ,wilkes ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,i cannot recommend your ,golden ,medical ,discovery too highly4 ,i had a severe chronic cough and ,i began to use that medicine and took only one bottle1 and ,i have not been sick a day since4 ,when ,i began to use your ,golden ,medical ,discovery my weight was #ajd pounds1 and now ,i weigh #abe pounds4 ,yours very truly1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,parsons ,,spitting ,,of ,,blood4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,m4 ,hite1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can gladly recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery to all suffering from diseases for which you recommend it4 ,in the summer of #ahhh ,i took a severe cold1 which settled on my lungs and chest1 and ,i suffered intensely with it4 ,i tried several of our best physicians here and they gave up all hopes of my recovery1 and my friends thought ,i would have to die1 and ,i thought so myself1 as the doctors did not know what was the matter with me4 ,in the morning1 on rising1 ,i would cough and spit blood for two hours1 and ,i was pale and weak and not able to work any4 ,i then ran across ,dr4 ,pierce's advertisement and ,i came to the conclusion ,i would try the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 as it was so highly recommended4 ,i was greatly discouraged when ,i began the use of the ,discovery1 but after ,i had taken four or five bottles ,i then noticed ,i was getting better1 and ,i could stand it to work some1 and kept on taking it till ,i took about twenty or twenty-five bottles4 ,it has been five years since ,i took it and have had no return of that trouble since4 ,i gladly recommend your medicine for ,i know it saved my life4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,john ,m4 ,,hite1 ,audubon1 ,audubon ,co41 ,iowa4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mc,gill4 ,blue ,rock1 ,muskingum ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,i feel like taking you by the hand and saying1 thank ,god1 you have saved my wife1 for we had given her up4 ,we had sat by her1 when the doctor said she could not live till morning2 so bad was her lung disease4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery cured her4 ,,mr4 ,,thomas ,mc,g,i,l,l4 ,when her case was reported to the specialist of the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,mrs4 ,mc,gill was suffering from pain in the chest1 struggling for breath1 hard dry cough2 jarring hurt the chest2 short breath1 backache2 uterine disease1 leucorrhea1 menstruation scanty and painful2 feet and ankles swollen2 was confined to house most of the time2 was given up by her home physician4 ,her disease began six years before with lung disease which was followed by bleeding from lungs4 ,,cures ,,when ,,cod ,,liver ,,oil ,,fails4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,my wife a few years ago had hemorrhages of the lungs1 and we summoned our home physician4 ,he checked the hemorrhage but failed to cure her4 ,she had also a terrible cough and expectorated a great deal4 ,she wanted to see another doctor so ,i called one and he examined her4 ,she asked him whether she had consumption1 and his answer was1 ,madam1 it is very near consumption4 ,he advised her to use cod liver oil1 but this gave but little relief4 ,i happened to get hold of one of your little books that comes with each bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines and ,i read some cases about like my wife's4 ,i went to the drug store and procured a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and my wife commenced using it according to directions4 ,she began to get better right away and her cough has left her4 ,she used about ten bottles4 ,she is in her fifty-fifth year and can walk ten or twelve miles without any trouble4 ,we are satisfied that her life and health have been saved by the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,as soon as she takes any cold she insists upon having a bottle of her medicine1 as she calls it1 and that is the last we hear of her cold4 ,yours respectfully1 ,joseph ,d4 ,wiles ,west ,point ,street1 ,frederick1 ,md4 ,,malaria1 ,,chills1 ,,and ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,r4 ,williams1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it has been about eight months since ,i quit using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,when ,i commenced using it ,i only weighed #acj pounds4 ,i had been suffering with malarial fever1 chills1 and lung disease for four years4 ,i took treatment from many doctors1 and tried many different kinds of patent medicines and all seemed to do no good4 ,since ,i have used four bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and one bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets ,i feel well in every respect and weigh #afj pounds instead of only #acj1 my weight when ,i began its use4 ,yours truly1 ,,robert ,,williams1 ,hazelton1 ,barber ,co41 ,kas4 ,,consumption4 ,,almost ,,raised ,,from ,,the ,,grave4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,vansicklin4 ,gentlemen--,i have long felt it my duty to acknowledge to you what your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets have done for me4 ,they almost raised me from the grave4 ,i had three brothers and one sister die of consumption1 and ,i was speedily following after them4 ,i had severe cough1 pain1 copious expectoration1 and other alarming symptoms1 and my friends all thought ,i had but a few months to live4 ,at this time ,i was persuaded to try your ,discovery1 and the first bottle acted like magic4 ,of course ,i continued on with the medicine1 and as a result ,i gained rapidly in strength4 ,my friends were astonished4 ,when ,i commenced the use of your medicines1 six years ago1 ,i weighed but #abj and was sinking rapidly4 ,i now weigh #ace1 and my health continues perfect4 ,i have a copy of your ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 and neither money nor friends could ever induce me to part with it4 ,twelve years later1 ,mrs4 ,vansicklin writes3 ,my health still continues perfect4 ,i now weigh #adh pounds4 ,your book--the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser is a treasure in our home4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,h4,h4 ,,vansicklin1 ,brighton1 ,ont4 ,,consumption4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,a4 ,henson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,two years ago ,i thought ,i had consumption1 and was continually coughing day and night1 and not able to work4 ,i bought six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and it did me more good than all the other medicine ,i ever took1 and now ,i am feeling all ,o4,k41 and ,i weigh #afe pounds4 ,two years ago ,i weighed #ade pounds4 ,i can fully recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery to any person that has consumption4 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,a4 ,,henson1 ,south ,bosque1 ,mc,lennan ,co41 ,texas4 ,,it ,,fills ,,the ,,bill4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,d4 ,simmons1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in #ahgb1 when living in ,new ,york ,state1 my health was very poor4 ,i was clear run down4 ,pain in my lungs1 right side and in my bowels2 had been ailing for nearly two years2 my feet swelled during the day so ,i could hardly stand it till night1 as ,i was on my feet the most of the time4 ,i wrote you and you sent me special medicines1 which brought me around all right4 ,i have weak lungs1 and when ,i get run down ,i usually take a few bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which always builds me up4 ,we have used your ,discovery in our family with the best results4 ,when living at ,blue ,mound ,i was very sick with inflammation of the lungs from taking cold4 ,when ,i took cold ,i was at ,clinton1 ,missouri4 ,was confined to my bed for a few days4 ,i said to the doctor that ,i must go home2 he advised me to stay where ,i was1 but ,i started for ,blue ,mound with my pulse at #adj4 ,when ,i arrived home ,i was glad to get in bed1 and called in ,dr4 ----4 ,he said my lungs were in a bad condition4 ,well1 ,i was very sick for three weeks or more1 and when ,i got around ,i was not well1 and at that time ,dr4 ---- came to ,blue ,mound1 stopped there two weeks1 gave free lectures and had lots of patients4 ,he examined me and said ,i needed treatment1 and he could cure me4 ,i was suffering all the time with pain in my right lung4 ,he wanted #ej4jj for treatment1 and would cure4 ,so ,i let him pass along and wrote to your ,association for advice1 which was to take the ,discovery1 and ,i took one-half dozen bottles which filled the bill4 ,yours respectfully1 ,a4,d4 ,,simmons1 ,emporia1 ,lyon ,co41 ,kansas4 ,,consumption4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,smith4 ,gentlemen--,it is my pleasant duty to you and to suffering humanity to acknowledge the benefit ,i received from ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,about seven years ago ,i became troubled with my lungs--consumption in its first stage4 ,some of my friends in ,ontario had been using your medicine before ,i knew anything of it2 and after coming to this country1 ,i commenced taking it1 and ,i think it has done wonders for me4 ,i am positive1 that if any one will persist in taking it1 it will do all you say4 ,it has done so much for me that ,i feel it my duty to testify to its wonderful curative properties4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,jesse ,k4 ,,smith1 ,baldur1 ,selkirk ,co41 ,manitoba4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,larson1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,i had been very badly troubled for many years with dyspepsia1 also nasal catarrh1 and got so bad and weak that ,i could not work4 ,i could hardly eat anything without vomiting2 had a pain in the stomach and a burning sensation coming into the throat4 ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets1 and can truly say these medicines have helped me wonderfully4 ,i improved right along from the very beginning4 ,i stopped taking medicine in the latter part of ,may and then felt as well as ever in my life4 ,i am pretty well now1 for a man of sixty-three years4 ,i can eat all kinds of food and it doesn't cause me any pain in the stomach as it always did before ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,i can cheerfully say to the public that they need not hesitate in taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery for dyspepsia2 it will eradicate and cure the disease if anything will4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,,larson1 ,ashby1 ,grant ,co41 ,minn4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,j4 ,hume1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,i cheerfully make the following statement3 ,in ,february1 #ahic1 ,i was attacked with a severe illness4 ,it came on very gradually1 and was attended with a severe cough and expectoration2 also had pain in the lungs2 had chills and night-sweats2 was much reduced in strength4 ,after trying for relief in different directions without success1 ,i was induced to apply to your eminent ,staff of ,physicians at #fjc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and ,i am happy to say that my improvement began as soon as ,i began the use of the medicines which were prescribed for me at that time4 ,the improvement has been continuous1 until ,i now feel my lungs are entirely cured2 have no cough1 no expectoration in the last month1 and my usual weight of #ahc pounds has been restored4 ,have been able to do a fair day's work any time during the past two mouths without unusual fatigue4 ,i can cheerfully recommend your ,institution to persons similarly affected1 and will authorize you to refer any one making inquiry to me4 ,yours respectfully1 ,j4,j4 ,,hume1 ,corfu1 ,genesee ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,a ,,bad ,,cough4 ,vanburen1 ,kalkaska ,co41 ,mich4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,your medicine is the best ,i have ever taken1 ,i was not able to do hardly any work at all2 had pain in my left side and back1 and had headache all the time4 ,i tried your medicine and it helped me4 ,last spring ,i had a bad cough2 got so bad ,i had to be in bed all the time4 ,my husband thought ,i had consumption4 ,he wanted me to get a doctor1 but ,i told him if it was consumption they could not help me4 ,we thought we would try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and before ,i had taken one bottle the cough was stopped and ,i have had no more of it returning4 ,respectfully yours1 ,jennie ,dingman ,,severe ,,cough4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,jewell4 ,gentlemen--,i want to say a word in favor of your medicine4 ,i can not do it justice by mere words4 ,i was taken sick the #eth of ,july2 ,i called a doctor but did not receive any benefit from him4 ,i was going into quick consumption4 ,had a terrible cough1 raised a great deal of phlegm2 had pain through chest1 was very weak and all run-down4 ,i told my husband to get a bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 he did so2 ,i commenced taking it and ,i began to get better4 ,i was not outside of the door yard1 from ,july #eth1 until ,august #bb;d4 ,i only took two bottles1 and the first of ,september ,i was able to do the work for boarders1 and have had boarders ever since4 ,it is the grandest medicine ever invented4 ,respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,,charles ,,jewell1 7,p4,o4 ,box #hi71 ,rockford1 ,kent ,co41 ,mich4 ,,spitting ,,of ,,blood4 ,olanta1 ,clearfield ,co41 ,pa4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i can truly say that your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets have been the means of saving my life4 ,when ,i began taking your medicines ,i thought my time was short4 ,i have not spit up blood now for about four months1 and am feeling much better4 ,our home doctor says my temperature and pulse are all right now2 and that ,i do not need further medicine1 and that ,i will get all right again4 ,i feel that your medicine has done wonders for me4 ,i would have written sooner1 but ,i was waiting to see if the improvement ,would be permanent4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,y4 ,rowles ,,despondency4 ,,nervous ,,prostration--,,threatened ,,with ,,consumption4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,cummins1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have felt inclined to say to you1 and your whole staff of physicians1 and now do convey to you1 my heart-felt gratitude for your able and skillful assistance rendered me in my afflictions4 ,i had been for years a sufferer1 and at times nearly despondent4 ,i had been treated by the most able and skillful physicians that this north-western country could provide4 ,i had paid them large sums of money and was finally given to understand that there was no hope for my cure4 ,your advertisements fell into my hands1 which treated upon my case4 ,i read and compared my case with the insight you so ably explained1 so ,i was satisfied you understood your profession well4 ,i started full of hope and as ,i reached ,buffalo1 after three days' travel by rail1 some #a1ejj miles1 there was something that cheered me on4 ,i made my way to your ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,i was examined and pronounced curable4 ,i was operated upon for a local affection that caused much of my suffering1 the same day ,i arrived1 and in ten days was discharged permanently cured4 ,i have felt perfectly well ever since4 ,i was nicely treated by the able nurses and attendants who were always gentle and kind4 ,i can cheerfully say to the public1 that they need not hesitate in throwing themselves into your kind care in every case that is curable by the hand of man1 and you will treat them honestly4 ,hoping this may be of some benefit to some afflicted persons who may feel some diffidence in trusting themselves in your hands4 ,yours respectfully1 ,h4 ,,cummins1 ,eagle ,lake1 ,blue ,earth ,co41 ,minn4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,fisher4 ,gentlemen--,i am much better1 and believe it was through your medicine and advice that ,i am as well as ,i am4 ,i might have been entirely well if ,i had been able to have kept the medicine to take as directed4 ,i have taken only four bottles1 and it would be four or five months from the time ,i would take one bottle till ,i could get another one4 ,i can talk better1 and feel almost like a new person to what ,i did two years ago4 ,i weigh more and can do any kind of work4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is the only medicine that did me any good4 ,your friend1 ,,mrs4 ,,rachel ,d4 ,,fisher1 ,silver ,point1 ,putnam ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,chills ,,and ,,lingering ,,cough ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,dietzel1 ,p4,m4 ,gentlemen--,in #ahgi ,i wrote you after suffering eighteen months4 ,i had tried three doctors--took over one dozen bottles of patent medicines1 without relief4 ,i had chills with hacking cough2 my friends said ,i had consumption2 was reduced in flesh and nerve till the least work or exercise would exhaust me completely4 ,thanks for the day ,i wrote you1 for ,i sent you ten dollars1 and received four bottles of medicine which ,i took1 and have been able to do hard work4 ,i have never had any symptoms of those dreaded chills since4 ,my weight got as low as #ace pounds2 now ,i weigh #age pounds4 ,i would advise any one affected with chronic disease to consult you1 as your treatment is genuine4 ,yours truly1 ,,henry ,,dietzel1 ,p4,m4 ,ernst1 ,clark ,co41 ,ill4 ,,hereditary ,,consumption4 ,,home ,,doctors ,,opposed ,,his ,,coming ,,to ,,us 7,,they ,,often ,,do7 ,,although ,,unable ,,to ,,help ,,him ,,themselves4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,jones1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for the benefit of the afflicted1 ,i wish to say1 that ,i visited your ,institution in #ahhi1 completely broken down in health and suffering1 as ,i thought1 from heart disease and consumption4 ,i had spent money with many of our home physicians1 but they only gave me partial relief and ,i would soon be worse than ever4 ,when ,i spoke of coming to you1 the doctors here cried humbug1 but ,i told them ,i had been humbugged at home and if ,i staid ,i would surely die1 and if ,i went could do no worse4 ,i spent thirty days at your ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and came away like a new man1 comparatively speaking4 ,i found the ,institution all it had been represented1 and ,i may truthfully say1 that the time spent there was to me as an oasis in a desert to a weary and thirsty traveler2 for those were among the happiest days of my life4 ,no pains were spared to make each patient comfortable and at home4 ,i cannot recommend your ,institution too highly1 for ,i feel that to your treatment ,i owe my life4 ,i have sold a great deal of your medicines1 and recommend them with the same faith ,i would water to the thirsty4 ,they1 the ,pellets1 ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription1 give universal satisfaction4 ,you are at liberty to use this as you desire1 for my only motive in writing is to benefit the afflicted1 by pointing out to them a place of cure2 for1 no matter what their disease1 ,i am confident that if medical skill can avail1 they can be cured at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,yours truly1 ,j4,f4 ,,jones1 ,raleigh ,c4,h41 ,raleigh ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,abscess ,,of ,,lung4 ,,reduced ,,almost ,,to ,a ,,skeleton4 ,bisbee1 ,cochise ,co41 ,ariz4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i had been confined to my bed four months1 had tried the skill of four doctors and all the patent medicines that were recommended for my case1 which was an abscess on the lung4 ,my physicians and friends had given me up to die2 ,i was reduced to a perfect skeleton2 my strength was gone2 my eyesight was so dim ,i could scarcely see at all1 and ,i had no appetite--could not eat anything at all when ,i commenced using ,doctor ,pierce's ,family ,medicines4 ,i have taken sixteen bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 twelve bottles of ,pellets and three bottles of ,favorite ,prescription1 and to-day ,i am well and strong and weigh #abh pounds--two pounds more than ,i ever before weighed in my life4 ,your true friend1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,a4 ,kelly ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sickles4 ,gentlemen--,my daughter had pneumonia and it left her with a horrible cough and one lung was almost gone2 our doctor seemed to think there could be nothing more done1 and said to go ,south2 but not having the means at that time1 ,i began giving her ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which she took steadily for two years4 ,during that time she gained rapidly in strength2 the lungs became normal1 the cough leaving her entirely4 ,we are never without this medicine in the house1 and have recommended it to all our friends1 and ,i am positively certain that if ,dr4 ,pierce's medicine is used in time1 it will cure in other cases as well as in this one4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,ruth ,a4 ,,sickles1 ,ocean ,port1 ,monmouth ,co41 ,n4,j4 7,box #cc47 ,,reduced ,,to ,a ,,skeleton4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mills4 ,gentlemen--,having felt it a duty to write of the good ,i received by taking your medicine1 ,i now would say1 that one year ago ,i was given up by my family physician and friends2 all said ,i must die4 ,my lungs were badly affected1 and body reduced to a skeleton4 ,my people commenced to give me your ,medical ,discovery and ,i soon began to mend4 ,it was not long before ,i became well enough to take charge of my household duties again4 ,i owe my recovery to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,mira ,,mills1 ,sardis1 ,big ,stone ,co41 ,minn4 ,,cough ,,and ,,night ,,sweats4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,m4 ,detels and ,wife4 ,gentlemen--,in regard to your medicines ,i will say that they are always in the house4 ,i shall never forget those nights when ,i was down with pneumonia4 ,had it not been for ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i would not be a well man to-day4 ,one bottle stopped the cough and night sweats4 ,my wife was troubled with leucorrhea so bad that we did not know what to do until ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription was brought into the house and gave her rest4 ,yours truly1 ,h4,m4 ,,detels1 ,traver1 ,tulare ,co41 ,cal4 ,,pulmonary ,,disease4 ,a ,,wonderful ,,cure4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,chas4 ,e4 ,lees1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am #bi years old4 ,during the winter of '#hd ,i contracted a severe cold1 which settled on my lungs4 ,each succeeding winter my cough grew worse1 and in the winter of '#he ,i had chicken-pox1 and taking cold1 drove them in causing me a severe spell of sickness4 ,the following summer ,i had congestion of the lungs and hemorrhage and a severe spell of fever4 ,my physician advised me to go ,west in search of health4 ,my friends thought ,i had consumption of the lungs1 ,i coughed so much4 ,in ,september1 #ahhi1 ,i left ,carthage1 ,mo4 7where ,i then lived71 for ,phoenix1 ,ariz4 ,after ,i had been there about four months ,i had a severe attack of ,la ,grippe and with this ,i coughed myself almost 7,i thought71 to death2 and to add to my distress ,i had an almost intolerable attack of pleurisy4 ,a doctor was summoned and after an examination said ,i had ,empyemia1 and said he could do me but very little good until he removed the pus4 ,he and his partner came and by the use of an aspirator drew off nine pints of pus2 after about a week he drew off two pints4 ,after a few days ,i told my doctor ,i could hear the pus gurgle as ,i had before he drew it off4 ,strange to say1 but nevertheless true1 my heart was crowded over on the opposite side for three months4 ,i knew it was there for ,i could feel the pulsations there1 and ,i was so short of breath for a long time ,i could not stoop down to tie my shoes4 ,the doctor told me it would be useless again to use the aspirator1 but that he would be obliged to make an incision in my side and treat it till ,i got well4 ,on the #bhth day of ,march4 #ahij1 my doctor and his partner and three other doctors undertook the operation1 and1 after removing about two inches of one of my ribs1 withdrew #af pints of pus4 ,this came near being too much for me though ,i slowly recovered and in three months the doctors thought ,i was able to come home4 ,i arrived home in ,june and was very poorly all summer1 and did not sit up but very little1 and had fever every day4 ,in the latter part of the summer of '#ij ,i commenced to take ,golden ,medical ,discovery and although my side had been discharging for ,,twenty-,,three ,,months it healed up sound and well4 ,i am now able to do considerable hard work4 ,i would advise all who are afflicted as ,i was1 to give your medicine a trial4 ,i am glad ,i have out-lived my friends' expectations4 ,yours truly1 ,,charles ,e4 ,,lees1 ,p4,o4 ,box #b1 ,winslow1 ,washington ,co41 ,ark4 ,,throat ,,and ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,white4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with throat and lung disease for about two years and lost strength so that ,i was unable to do much work4 ,i took four bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and can say that it did more good than any other medicine that ,i ever took4 ,i am now able to do my work1 and enjoy good health4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,julia ,,white1 ,willow ,creek1 ,blue ,earth ,co41 ,minn4 ,,weak ,,lungs1 ,,cough1 ,,profuse ,,expectoration ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,kratz1 ,esq4 ,,mr4 ,,anton ,,kratz1 of ,crawford1 ,dawes ,co41 ,neb41 had weak lungs1 cough and catarrh1 with profuse expectoration2 difficult breathing1 lasting from one to eight hours4 ,he writes3 ,i took sick and went to the doctors4 ,they gave me medicine1 but it did not help me1 so ,i got two or three bottles of ',golden ,medical ,discovery' and some ',pellets4' ,after awhile ,i got better1 until three winters ago ,i got sick again so ,i could not do anything1 and ,i wrote to you giving my symptoms on one of your question blanks1 and asked you about my case4 ,you told me to take your ',golden ,medical ,discovery4' ,i took four bottles and got well and have been well ever since4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lincoln4 ,gentlemen--,before taking the ,discovery ,i would have four or five bad coughing spells every day and would cough up mouthfuls of solid white froth1 and before ,i took one bottle it stopped it4 ,i could not walk across the room with the pain in my back and sides2 but soon the pain was all gone1 and ,i could sleep well at night4 ,my general health is much better since ,i have taken the ,golden ,medical ,discovery although ,i have been obliged to work hard on a farm4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,john ,,lincoln1 ,glen ,annan1 ,huron ,co41 ,ont4 ,,consumption ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,nienhuis4 ,gentlemen--,i had pain in lungs and across the chest2 had been spitting blood for the past six years4 ,menstruation was scant and caused great prostration4 ,suffered from constipation2 cutting pains about the stomach and rumbling in the bowels2 exceedingly nervous2 indigestion4 ,she writes as follows3 ,i wish to inform you that ,i am well4 ,i never can praise you or your ways of treatment enough4 ,i shall bring you all the patients that ,i can4 ,i feel so rich to get my health back4 ,i can eat well and sleep well1 and work all day4 ,i suppose you will think it took a long time to pull me up1 but ,i was very low1 much worse than ,i ever told you of at the time4 ,i was not able even to feed myself any more4 ,my husband had to undress me4 ,i could not wash my own face1 or stand alone4 ,i did not lie down to sleep for eleven months2 ,i always had to sit up1 because ,i would choke if ,i laid my head down4 ,i have not raised a drop of blood since your treatment1 and ,i did it always for five years before4 ,our minister said this spring that he had never thought ,i could live1 and says that he advises every one that is sick to go to you4 ,he was so surprised to see how strong and well ,i was4 ,my relatives all think that you ought to write my case up for the papers in ,chicago4 ,i can never repay you for what you have done for me4 ,a thousand thanks is but empty words4 ,my husband was telling a man just last week1 do not spend all your money in ,chicago1 as we did1 and then write to ,buffalo1 but go and write now1 and your wife will soon be well4 ,my father was saying that he wished the doctors that gave me up could see me now4 ,i think they could not believe their own eyes4 ,i am astonished when ,i think back how ,i was six years ago2 ,i could not walk across the room alone for three years1 and after taking your treatment for eighteen months1 ,i am completely well4 ,i can hardly believe it myself when ,i read over those letters that ,i received from you4 ,i work hard every day4 ,there is never a day that you are not remembered4 ,i hope that you may live many years to do for others what you have done for me4 ,i had this taken so that you might have my picture as ,i am now2 ,i wish you could have seen me as ,i was then1 and ,i wish to thank you for those little notes of inquiry that you used to send to find out how ,i was getting along1 which showed that ,i was remembered not only while the money lasted1 but that you cared for me after that4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,f4 ,,nienhuis1 ,crawford1 ,cook ,co41 ,ill4 ,,completely ,,wrecked4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lindsey4 ,gentlemen--,last ,august ,i was taken sick of a fever and was confined to bed for nearly six months4 ,i had four doctors to see me1 but it just seemed to me that they could relieve me for only a short while4 ,i had a bad cough and all thought ,i was going into consumption4 ,after being sick for so long1 my nerves were nearly exhausted and my stomach1 liver and bowels refused to act1 in fact1 my whole system was completely wrecked4 ,i could not rest nor sleep1 unless influenced by some drug and at last1 mother concluded to try your medicines on me4 ,she had taken them about a year before and had been greatly benefited by their use1 so she said ,i will try the last resort--for ,i had been given up to die4 ,i began taking your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,i improved rapidly--was soon able to be up in my room1 and to my surprise1 ,i could eat a little of nearly everything ,i desired4 ,before ,i began the use of your medicines1 ,i could eat nothing in peace2 ,i would almost cramp to death1 even when ,i took a little cold water4 ,but after the use of four and a half bottles of your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and two vials of ,pellets1 with ,god's help1 ,i have almost risen from the dead4 ,i will cheerfully recommend your remedies to my afflicted friends1 for ,i am to-day1 well and strong as ever4 ,you can use this among your testimonials1 if you choose1 with my greatest approval4 ,very ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,loula ,,lindsey1 ,ringgold1 ,pittsylvania ,co41 ,va4 ,,bronchitis ,,of ,,twenty ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4,f4 ,wiley1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i had bronchitis for twenty years and over1 and ,i could not work without coughing so hard as to take all my strength away4 ,i took five bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and give you my word and honor that ,i can do any work that there is to do on my ranch without coughing4 ,sometimes in the winter when exposed to the change in the weather1 ,i have a slight attack of coughing4 ,remember1 ,i have not taken any of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery for a year4 ,yours1 ,b4,f4 ,,wiley1 ,box ,elder1 ,converse ,co41 ,wyo4 ,,bronchitis4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4,m4 ,alexander1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with bronchitis for over two years1 had severe cough and great difficulty in breathing2 appetite was poor and suffered from indigestion1 became very weak and despondent4 ,my age 7,i am now #ga7 was against me4 ,i was treated by two physicians but they did me no good4 ,i then used four bottles of your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and was entirely cured1 for which ,i am very thankful4 ,yours truly1 ,m4,m4 ,,alexander1 ,hedrick1 ,alexander ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,schuylersville1 ,saratoga ,co41 ,n4,y4 7,p4,o4 ,box #cif74 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,something over a year ago ,i wrote to you about my lungs4 ,i used ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery besides using ,iodine and mustard paste4 ,that pain in my lung entirely left me1 and ,i have not felt it at all since last ,august4 ,the doctor who lives here and who has always treated me thinks it is a great cure4 ,words cannot express my gratitude to you4 ,i am now able to do a good day's work4 ,yours gratefully1 ,lulu ,e4 ,baugs ,,chronic ,,sore ,,throat1 ,,cough ,,hoarseness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,traphagen4 ,gentlemen--,i am feeling well at the present time2 ,i took fourteen bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had chronic sore throat1 hoarseness1 sore chest1 rheumatism in my arms1 and was very much run down4 ,the doctor here at home said one lung was affected and that ,i had symptoms of consumption4 ,i know that your ,golden ,medical ,discovery was the cause of regaining my health4 ,i remain1 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,traphagen1 ,,no4 #f ,front ,street1 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4,y4 ,,consumption4 ,,bad ,,cough1 ,,spit ,,up ,,blood4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,k4,c4 ,mc,lin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i commenced taking your ,discovery ,i was very low with a cough1 and at times spit up much blood4 ,i was not able to do the least work1 but most of the time was in bed4 ,i was all run-down1 very weak1 my head was dizzy1 and ,i was extremely despondent4 ,the first bottle ,i took did not seem to do me much good1 but ,i had faith in it and continued using it until ,i had taken fifteen bottles1 and now ,i do not look nor feel like the same man ,i was one year ago4 ,people are astonished1 and say1 well1 last year this time ,i would not have thought that you would be living now4 ,i can thankfully say ,i am entirely cured of a disease which1 but for your wonderful ,discovery1 would have resulted in my death4 ,yours truly1 ,k4,c4 ,mc,l,i,n1 ,kempsville1 ,princess ,anne ,co41 ,va4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,coughed ,,day ,,and ,,night4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,steinmann4 ,gentlemen--,three years ago ,i was so sick ,i could not eat1 sleep or walk1 for ,i coughed all day and night4 ,my weight was reduced from #aej to #abg pounds4 ,the first night that ,i slept four hours at one time1 was after ,i had taken three doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the offensive matter expectorated grew less every day and when ,i had taken the whole of one bottle ,i could sleep all night without coughing1 and have been well ever since and weigh #agh pounds4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,louisa ,,steinmann1 #fgth ,st41 near #aeth ,ave41 ,lefferts ,park1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,,biliousness1 ,,constipation1 ,,bad ,,cough4 ,illustration3 ,g4,i4 ,wilder1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,some twenty-five years since ,i was feeling very miserable all summer2 ,i was very bilious2 sometimes my bowels would not move once in sixty or seventy hours1 and then almost impossible4 ,i would take some bitters1 which would help to move the matter1 but as soon as the bitters were gone1 ,i had to buy more or ,i would be as bad as before1 and sometimes worse2 but none of them appeared to do me any good except to move the bowels1 until thirty years since a druggist called my attention to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and before ,i had taken half a bottle of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i felt much better and by the time ,i had taken all1 ,i could eat three hearty meals per day and had not felt so well for a long time4 ,soon after ,i was called to do a job some miles from home1 and one night the old lady there was speaking about her daughter1 7,mrs4 ,brooks7 who had been under the doctor's care for five months and did not get any better1 and ,i learned by asking a few questions that she had no appetite1 and no ambition to do anything4 ,then ,i told her what the ,golden ,medical ,discovery had done for me4 ,the next day the old lady drove down to her daughter's1 and got ,mr4 ,brooks to send to ,rutland--ten miles away--for two bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and the next day the doctor came1 and when about to take leave1 ,mr4 ,brooks told the doctor he did not want him any more at present and would send for him if necessary4 ,i saw the old lady about ten days later and her daughter was improving1 and ,mr4 ,brooks had great faith in the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and had not sent for the doctor1 but had gone to ,rutland for more of the ,g4,m4,d4 ,when ,i commenced taking the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i thought ,i was going into consumption as had a cough for three years or more and my weight decreasing4 ,my weight before taking the ,g4,m4,d4 was #acc pounds2 last ,march it was #adg pounds1 and ,i give the credit to the ,discovery4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,george ,i4 ,,wilder1 ,east ,wallingford1 ,rutland ,co41 ,vt4 ,,throat ,,and ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,bringer4 ,gentlemen--,i had complicated chronic disease for several years--throat and lung and other affections1 which almost resulted in consumption4 ,our doctors could do me no good4 ,i happened to get hold of some of ,doctor ,pierce's books1 and was induced to try his treatment4 ,to the surprise of myself and family1 ,i was1 in a short time1 changed almost to a new person--from pale sallow complexion to the bloom of health again4 ,many thanks for restoring me from an untimely grave4 ,i will say to the public it is not always necessary to go to the ,institute2 ,i was treated at home with success4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,pellets and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i think they will do all that is claimed for them4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,almeda ,,brigner1 ,oxford1 ,furnas ,co4 ,neb14 ,,severe ,,lung ,,and ,,bronchial ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4 ,campbell1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for some time ,i have been troubled with a severe lung and bronchial disease1 following a severe attack of pneumonia4 ,was raising a great amount of pus1 had severe night-sweats and was very much prostrated1 when ,i was induced to visit ,dr4 ,pierce's ,invalid's ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for examination4 ,after having a full statement of my case1 ,i paid for one month's treatment in the ,sanitarium and during that time was fully restored to health4 ,i can not speak too highly of the physicians1 and this famous ,institution4 ,i take great pleasure in making my cure public and in highly recommending this ,institution to all afflicted4 ,the ,staff of ,physicians and ,surgeons is skillful and of large experience1 and ,i feel confident that all the benefit that can possibly be obtained from medical treatment1 can be obtained at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,yours truly1 ,,eugene ,,campbell1 ,new ,cumberland1 ,hancock ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,consumption4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ferguson4 ,dear ,sir--,i was not able to do my work for nearly two years1 and ,i tried four different doctors and grew worse all the time4 ,then ,i began on your medicine and took twelve bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and one of ,favorite ,prescription1 and am able to do my work and feel as well as ,i have felt in years4 ,physicians called my disease ,dyspepsia and ,consumption4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,r4 ,,ferguson1 ,ink1 ,shannon ,co41 ,mo4 ,,lung ,,disease ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,m4,h4 ,snead4 ,will you please accept a few lines from me thanking you for your skill in preparing your medicines and placing them within reach of the suffering4 ,i have a daughter1 ,miss ,m4,h4 ,snead1 who has been very low1 was almost given up by two physicians1 who treated her with their best skill1 and did not receive much benefit4 ,she was first attacked with pneumonia and pleurisy in very bad form and was then taken with a very bad cough1 which kept growing worse and worse1 until finally it seemed as though she had consumption very bad4 ,the physicians prescribed ,cod liver oil1 but to no benefit4 ,mrs4 ,miller1 a neighbor of ours1 recommended ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery to me with very strong faith1 as she had been in the same condition and was cured by its use4 ,i procured two bottles and she grew better4 ,she hasn't felt any return of lung disease in over twelve months4 ,she was nothing but a skeleton when she took the first dose1 and to-day she weighs #ace pounds4 ,i thought it my duty to write to you in regard to her case1 as so many other medicines had failed1 and it has acted like a charm4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,sarah ,e4 ,,snead4 ,clio1 ,iredell ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,disease ,,of ,,lungs ,,and ,,stomach4 ,locust ,lane1 ,scott ,county1 ,va4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to inform you that after consulting you by letter and two months' trial of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i am enjoying a better state of health than ,i have for some time4 ,i have had weak lungs for several years--at times spit up blood4 ,in ,january1 #ahic1 ,i took a severe cold1 which settled on my lungs--had a very bad cough1 it seemed as if my lungs were swollen2 could not expectorate much at a time1 very hard to get up2 suffered much with pains in my chest2 was reduced in flesh and became very weak4 ,physicians prescribed for me but ,i found no relief until ,i consulted you4 ,it seemed ,i was going into consumption very fast4 ,i have as good health now as could be expected4 ,i am fifty-seven years of age and able to work on my farm1 and feel under many obligations for your kind advice4 ,also my stomach was out of order1 suffered with burning in my stomach and chest4 ,i have no burning nor pains in my stomach and chest now4 ,yours truly1 ,milton ,ramry ,,doctors ,,endorse ,,it4 ,,an ,,eminent ,,physician ,,of ,,arkansas ,,tells ,,of ,,some ,,remarkable ,,cures ,,of ,,consumption4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,rogers4 ,dr4 ,,pierce3--,i will say this to you1 that ,consumption is hereditary in my wife's family2 some have already died with the disease4 ,my wife has a sister1 ,mrs4 ,e4,a4 ,cleary1 that was taken with consumption4 ,she used your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and1 to the surprise of her many friends1 she got well4 ,my wife has also had hemorrhages from the lungs1 and her sister insisted on her using the ',golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i consented to her using it1 and it relieved her4 ,she has had no symptoms of consumption for the past six years4 ,people having this disease can take no better remedy4 ,yours truly4 ,w4,c4 ,rogers1 ,m4,d4 ,stamps1 ,la ,fayette ,co41 ,ark4 ,,chronic ,,bronchitis ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,rosenberger1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,several years ago ,i spent many dollars for medicine1 but in vain1 and expected to die with consumption4 ,but hearing of your ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,i visited you4 ,to your advice and treatment ,i owe my life and present good health4 ,hoping that you and your eminent faculty may be spared many years to cure the afflicted1 ,i send you my best wishes4 ,yours truly1 ,,albert ,,rosenberger1 ,laotto1 ,noble ,co41 ,ind4 ,,sore ,,throat4 ,palatka1 ,putnam ,co41 ,florida4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,about seven years ago ,i was taken with sore throat and tried some home remedies1 and it grew worse2 and then ,i went to a doctor here in town1 and after trying his remedies for three or four months1 which did me no good1 then ,i tried ,dr4 ---- remedies2 and still ,i grew worse for two years when ,i wrote you about it4 ,you advised me to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,pellets1 according to directions1 and they would cure me1 and so they did after taking eight bottles of the ,discovery1 and the ,pellets to keep my bowels regular4 ,we now take the ,discovery and ,pellets for all our aches and pains1 and think there are no medicines half so good4 ,we use no other4 ,yours ,truly1 ,mrs4 ,ellen ,calvert ,,lung ,,and ,,womb ,,disease1 ,,dropsy1 ,,sick ,,headache1 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,bloody ,,piles4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,knavel4 ,gentlemen--,in the winter of #ahha1 ,i became irregular in my monthly courses4 ,of course at first ,i paid but little attention to it1 hoping it would amount to nothing and probably wear away4 ,but ,i slowly but surely grew worse1 and at last resolved to apply to the doctors for help4 ,my water came often1 and in small quantities1 and with great pain1 and with red brick-dust deposit4 ,i was attacked with severe womb trouble1 bloody piles and dropsy of the ovary4 ,i was treated by five different doctors4 ,i was compelled to wear an inside support for a year1 but it still seemed impossible for me to get well and ,i began to feel exceedingly alarmed and very uneasy1 not knowing what course to pursue1 or what the consequences might be4 ,i had heard of ,dr4 ,pierce1 and concluded to make one more trial1 so ,i sat down and wrote a letter to him1 stating matters as near as ,i could1 and in due time ,i received a favorable reply2 then ,i commenced with his medicine4 ,i commenced somewhere in ,february #ahia with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription1 in alternate doses4 ,a strange occurrence followed4 ,my limbs felt like what we call asleep1 and ,i felt as if ,i were in a strange land and wondered what was going to take place4 ,i kept on till ,i took nine bottles4 ,the first relief ,i felt was from sick headache1 which ,i had been troubled with for many years2 ,i was also cured of a very bad cough which ,i had been troubled with for many years1 and of dyspepsia of long standing4 ,i was entirely cured of a very singular and severe itching on my back1 between my shoulders1 which our doctor's called winter itch and which they pronounced incurable4 ,i had suffered with this for twenty years2 it would come in the winter and go away in the summer4 ,i was also cured of the worst form of bloody piles and of womb disease4 ,at present ,i feel like a new person4 ,when ,i first commenced with ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines1 ,i could not walk half a mile without a pain4 ,the other day ,i walked to ,mercersburgh post-office1 a distance of twelve miles1 and the next day walked back again1 and felt no bad results from the ,journey4 ,i am now #ea years old4 ,mrs4 ,knavel further writes1 that ,to any person desiring to know more concerning my case and its wonderful cure1 and who will enclose to me a return self-addressed and stamped envelope for reply1 ,i will be pleased to write further information4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,sarah ,a4 ,,knavel1 ,indian ,springs1 ,washington ,co4 ,md4 ,,bronchitis ,,and ,,lung ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,neal4 ,mrs4 ,neal1 of ,crockett ,mills1 ,tenn41 had an attack of measles1 followed by bronchitis and pneumonia4 ,her husband writes3 ,i feel gratified with the effect of your wonderful medicine4 ,i can recommend it to anybody1 and feel ,i am doing them justice4 ,my wife was not able to perform her household duties for six months4 ,she has used two bottles of ',golden ,medical ,discovery1' and is now able to do all her work4 ,i think it the finest medicine in the world1 and ,i am1 gratefully1 ,your life-long friend1 ,j4,b4 ,,neal4 ,,bleeding ,,from ,,lungs2 ,,chronic ,,catarrh2 ,,very ,,low4 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,r4 ,sprinkle4 ,gentlemen--,i was very low--almost given up by two physicians who treated me with their very best skill and did not receive much benefit4 ,i was attacked with ,la ,grippe in ,december1 #ahia1 and pleurisy1 and was taken with a very bad cough1 which kept growing worse4 ,the physicians prescribed ,emulsion of ,cod ,liver ,oil1 but no benefit4 ,in ,june1 #ahib1 ,i bled from the lungs2 everybody thought ,i would die4 ,a friend told me to try ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,i did so1 and after taking six months' home-treatment ,i was cured4 ,when ,i commenced taking his treatment ,i only weighed #acj pounds1 now ,i weigh #age1 and can do as good a day's work as ,i ever could4 ,i can cheerfully say that ,i believe ,i owe my life to his valuable medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,g4 ,,riley ,,sprinkle1 ,california ,creek1 ,madison ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,van ,baskirk4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with my lungs and stomach for five years4 ,i could do no work hardly until ,i used ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,after using five bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and three vials of the ,pleasant ,pellets ,i was cured1 and now ,i am doing the work for a family of nine4 ,i tried other medicines and nothing would do me any good1 and if ,i had not gotten your medicine ,i would have been in my grave4 ,i could not recommend it too highly for the good it did me2 it is the best medicine ,i ever got hold of4 ,,mrs4 ,e4,c4 ,,van ,,boskirk1 ,selin's ,grove1 ,snyder ,co41,penn4 ,,completely ,,broken ,,down ,,from ,,dyspepsia1 ,,catarrh1 ,,spinal ,,disease--,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4,m4 ,niles1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to express my heartfelt thanks to you for the wonderful cure that your special remedies performed in my case4 ,in the ,spring of #ahia1 ,i had a severe attack of ,la ,grippe1 which left me in bad shape4 ,i consulted as good a physician as there was in the county1 and he told me that ,i was suffering from enlargement of the heart and that ,i must be very careful about taking3 any violent exercise1 and ,i must not allow myself to get excited1 as excitement of any kind might prove fatal4 ,he gave me remedies for my trouble which made me feel some better2 but being a farmer ,i was obliged to work hard and soon began to run down4 ,i began to have spells of a terribly deathly sinking feeling at my stomach and a terrible pressure at the heart--in the region of the heart1 and sometimes ,i would fall prostrate and although ,i was conscious all the time ,i could not speak aloud4 ,the last of ,october1 #ahia1 while doing my chores in the morning1 ,i had one of those bad spells and upset my lantern1 which resulted in my losing my buildings by fire4 ,my wife was out of health at that time--she1 too1 was suffering from the effects of ,la ,grippe4 ,having lost everything eatable for ourselves and stock1 ,i was forced to work very hard to get through the winter4 ,the next ,february1 #ahib1 we had another attack of ,la ,grippe1 which resulted in the death of my beloved wife4 ,the next ,may1 this terrible affliction together with hard work completely broke me down and although ,i was doctoring all the time ,i kept steadily growing worse4 ,i got so bad that ,i could not sleep more than two or three hours any night and very often ,i would go all night without closing my eyes at all4 ,the last of ,september1 ,i had to give up work almost entirely4 ,i got so that ,i could not walk one-fourth of a mile without being completely exhausted4 ,one physician whom ,i consulted said ,i was suffering with nervous prostration and gave me medicine for it1 but ,i got no better4 ,my food distressed me terribly and after eating1 it would sour and ,i would have to vomit up the most that ,i had eaten4 ,at last1 ,i got so ,i had to live on bread made of wheat middlings and for about three months ,i could not eat anything else1 although it seemed as though ,i should starve to death4 ,i thought ,i would give anything if ,i could eat a hearty meal of anything that ,i wanted1 but did not dare to because every kind of food distressed me so4 ,my bowels became badly constipated and for three months ,i did not have a natural operation of the bowels2 and ,i suffered very much with catarrh1 and there was such a pressure across my forehead that it seemed sometimes as though it would burst4 ,i became very despondent4 ,i did not want to go anywhere1 neither did ,i want to see any one1 everything looked dark and gloomy to me4 ,when well1 ,i was naturally or a lively disposition and a great hand to joke with my friends1 but no one could say anything funny enough to get a smile out of me then4 ,i was always very fond of music too1 but ,i could not bear to hear a bit of music1 neither vocal nor instrumental4 ,about the first of ,february1 #ahic1 some of my friends prevailed upon me to consult a physician who made a specialty of treating chronic nervous troubles2 he said ,i had no organic trouble of the heart and that it was caused by my stomach being out of order2 he said that ,i had a bad kidney trouble and that my spine was affected1 and that unless ,i got help it would end in ,locomotor ,ataxia4 ,he said he could help me but it would probably take a year to cure me4 ,he let me have a month's treatment and gave me advice in regard to diet1 etc4 ,i thought for awhile that it was helping me but soon ,i began to go down hill again1 and as a last resort ,i began to take some of the cure-alls 7patent7 with which the country is flooded2 but ,i soon became disgusted with them and made up my mind there was no help for me4 ,i had to use about all the strength ,i had to walk2 ,i could not lift my left foot up to step over anything--had to draw it after me2 ,i could hardly sleep2 neither could ,i transact any business1 in fact ,i did not take any interest in any of my affairs4 ,it seemed to me as though ,i did not have a friend on earth1 and ,i longed for death to come to put me out of my misery4 ,my son1 with whom ,i was living1 had been trying for a long time to get me to send to you for treatment1 but ,i had paid out so much money and received no benefit from it1 that ,i did not believe there was any help for me4 ,at last ,i thought ,i would write you what ,i could of my symptoms1 and get your opinion of my case1 but it took me about two days to write the letter4 ,my head felt so bad that ,i could not collect myself enough to describe my feelings4 ,you wrote me that my trouble was caused by indigestion1 dyspepsia1 catarrh1 and spinal affection1 and that you could cure me1 and in fact1 make a new man of me if ,i would send for your special treatment and follow your advice4 ,my son sent for the medicine for me4 ,i took it and followed your directions as near as ,i could2 the first week ,i could not see much of any change--the second week ,i could see that ,i was improving some1 the third week ,i could look back and see that ,i had gained considerable4 ,i could sleep better2 the bloating in my bowels did not trouble me so bad2 my stomach did not distress me so much and ,i could eat different kinds of food and my digestion seemed to be improving fast2 and by using your ,special ,catarrh ,remedy my nose began to run 7it had been nearly six months that my nose was perfectly dry7 and one day it felt as though something gave way in my head--it seemed to be back1 in behind my eyes1 and ,i blowed a large amount of filth out of my head that looked like the yolk of an egg1 and it was nearly as thick as jelly2 after that my head began to improve rapidly and ,i began to gain in flesh and strength1 and the best of all is1 ,i have kept right on gaining until at the present time ,i feel as well as ,i ever did in my life4 ,sleep well1 can eat three hearty meals every day and digest them too1 and eat anything ,i want1 and seven days in a week4 ,to look back now ,i don't see why ,i did not apply to you when ,i was first taken sick4 ,for about ten years ago4 ,i had treatment of you for catarrh1 liver and kidney trouble1 and you helped me then2 also1 about eight years ago my wife had two months' treatment from you which helped her of the troubles from which she was suffering at that time4 ,all the reasons that ,i can give1 is1 that owing to financial troubles and having to pay out so much for sickness1 ,i could not seem to get the money 7that ,i could spare7 to pay for the treatment4 ,gentlemen1 ,i wish ,i could express my thanks to you for what you have done for me1 but ,i cannot do it4 ,i am a poor hand to express myself1 but ,i consider my restoration to health almost a miracle1 and ,i firmly believe that ,i owe my life to you1 for ,i do not believe that ,i should have lived till the present time had it not been for your ,special ,treatment4 ,now1 if there is any part of this letter that you would wish to publish1 you are at liberty to do so3 and if it would be the means of directing any suffering fellow being to a place where they can get relief1 ,i shall be very thankful4 ,respectfully1 ,c4,m4 ,,niles1 ,east ,new ,portland1 ,somerset ,co41 ,maine4 ,,catarrh1 ,,indigestion1 ,,and ,,nervousness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,a4 ,baldwin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for a long time ,i was suffering from indigestion1 catarrh and nervousness4 ,i was so run down that ,i could not go to school1 and1 as the various remedies ,i tried did me no good1 ,i applied to you1 and was advised to try a course of special treatment4 ,after taking only two months' medicines from your noble institution1 ,i feel perfectly restored to health4 ,i have1 moreover1 recovered my lost flesh1 and ,i am pleased to say need no further medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,e4,a4 ,,baldwin1 ,proctorsville1 ,windsor ,co41 ,vermont4 ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,pollak4 ,gentlemen--,my daughter had for many months severe nasal catarrh with sores forming on the inside of nose2 if not attended promptly the sores would come out on bridge of nose and also in the corner of nose and upper lip4 ,we had several physicians attending her1 but they gave her only temporary relief4 ,we were advised by a friend who had used your remedies to try them4 ,after using thirteen bottles of ,doctor ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and at the same time two bottles of ,doctor ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery my daughter was completely cured of the dreaded disease and in the past three years has had no symptoms of the disease ever coming back4 ,i am satisfied the above medicines will cure any kind of catarrh4 ,yours truly1 ,,joseph ,,pollak1 ,mc,pherson1 ,mc,pherson ,co41 ,kan4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh ,,resulted ,,in ,,lung ,,disease4 ,,despaired ,,of ,,obtaining ,,relief4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,j4 ,converse1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,without solicitation from you1 ,i feel it my duty to suffering humanity1 to make known the virtues of your medicine in curing catarrh4 ,about ten years ago1 ,i first began to realize that ,i was the victim of nasal catarrh2 ,i tried every known remedy1 but gradually grew worse4 ,my ears would gather and break2 nights of restlessness would succeed days of agony4 ,the disease finally attacked my left lung1 and ,i despaired of obtaining relief4 ,about six years since ,i began the use of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 in connection with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and by the persistent use of the above remedies ,i feel that ,i am completely cured of this loathsome disease4 ,for attacks of biliousness1 coughs and colds1 ,i think there is nothing equal to the ,discovery1 and ,i bless the day that ,i first began the use of your remedies4 ,very respectfully1 ,,howard ,j4 ,,converse1 ,civil ,engineer1 ,plain ,city1 ,madison ,co41 ,ohio4 ,a ,,terrible ,,case ,,of ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lansing4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered for two years with catarrh in the head1 having very severe pains in the top of my head4 ,a hunch came on the side and back of my head--my whole head and face were so sore and sensitive that a pillow of down felt hard1 and ,i was obliged to change my position often4 ,i could not breathe through my nose at all and was obliged to keep my bed fully one half of the time1 and could not collect my thoughts to think steadily on any subject--,i was really afraid of losing my reason4 ,i got all run-down and was out of sorts in general2 then ,i commenced using ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy and ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,to-day my health is good and ,i have no catarrh4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,james ,,lansing1 ,fort ,edward1 ,washington ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,catarrh ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,thos4 ,lewis1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,being an invalid for many years and trying home physicians without benefit1 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and can most highly recommend this place to all sufferers4 ,i had a severe attack of catarrh and general debility1 and after a short stay at this ,institute1 my whole system was toned up and ,i was soon enjoying perfect health4 ,i can truthfully say that this institution fully merits all the praise that could be given it4 ,i never lose an opportunity to recommend all my suffering friends to the ,faculty of this ,association1 for ,i believe it is in advance of its kind in the world4 ,the physicians and surgeons are skillful and of wide experience1 the nurses kind and thoughtful1 the rooms large and pleasant1 and everything is done to make the visit of any one pleasant as well as beneficial in the highest degree4 ,i do not hesitate to urge all invalids1 no matter what their trouble1 to place themselves under the care of the eminent physicians of this institution1 being confident that they can give them all the relief that possibly can be obtained from medical treatment and skill4 ,truly yours1 ,,thomas ,,lewis1 ,kamas1 ,summit ,county1 ,utah4 ,,catarrh ,,and ,,liver ,,complaint4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,king1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,after suffering for several years with nasal catarrh and liver complaint1 and having become greatly reduced in health1 as a last resort ,i placed myself in your hands for treatment ,my improvement began almost immediately after entering your institution4 ,i was enabled to leave at the end of one month1 having experienced great benefit4 ,the treatment was continued at home for a few months1 after which my cure was complete4 ,at the present time1 ,i am able for office work1 and feel that ,i am completely cured of the catarrh and have but little if any trouble with my liver4 ,i shall lose no opportunity to recommend your institution or your medicines to the afflicted4 ,i do most unhesitatingly recommend chronic sufferers to visit your institution or take your remedies at home4 ,sincerely yours1 ,,william ,,king1 ,rose ,bud1 ,pope ,co41 ,ills4 ,,catarrh1 ,,bronchitis1 ,,liver ,,complaint ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,ely1 ,white ,pine ,co41 ,nevada4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,for ten years ,i was greatly afflicted with ,catarrh1 ,bronchitis1 ,liver ,complaint1 and ,dyspepsia4 ,i tried many doctors and remedies to see if ,i could not obtain relief1 but ,i grew constantly worse instead of better4 ,i heard much concerning the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,buffalo4 ,i concluded to go there and try and obtain some benefit4 ,i staid a month in this famous ,institution1 and during that time made fine improvement1 and when ,i left felt like another man4 ,i can truthfully recommend this world-renowned ,institution to all the afflicted4 ,the ,institution itself1 in all its appointments1 is far in advance of the age4 ,it is more like a home than a hospital2 the rooms are large and pleasant2 the table the very best2 the nurses kind and considerate1 and the doctors skillful and of wide experience4 ,while there ,i saw and talked with a great number of people who had come to this ,institution as a last resort1 and they were all unanimous in their praise4 ,i cannot say too much in favor of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association and its ,staff of skilled attendants1 nor can ,i too strongly urge all sufferers to go there1 being confident that all within the power of medical science and skill can be done for them there4 ,would send you my photograph as requested1 but there is not a photograph gallery within a hundred miles of here4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,d4 ,phillips ,,bronchitis2 ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,osborne4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled for several years with bronchial disease1 having a severe cough a good share of the time4 ,some of my friends thought ,i had consumption2 ,i got so weak ,i could scarcely walk across the floor1 and raised a good deal4 ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and my cough soon got better1 and ,i have not been troubled with it since4 ,that was four years ago2 ,i took only three bottles4 ,i would recommend it to all having throat or lung trouble4 ,i have also used ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy with equally good results4 ,i believe that no one need suffer long with chronic catarrh who is within reach of this remedy4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,lena ,,osborne1 ,ripley1 ,chautauqua ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,nasal ,,catarrh1 ,,lung ,,disease1 ,,indigestion1 ,,etc4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,a4 ,milne1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,five years since my family physician pronounced my case ,pulmonary ,consumption4 ,since that time ,i nave taken various treatments1 some of which have given relief4 ,one treatment that was administered for nasal catarrh1 from which ,i continued to be affected1 caused erosion of the mucous membrane1 and destruction of the bony septum which separates the two nostrils4 ,took cold quite easily1 suffered from considerable nasal catarrh1 with discharges passing posteriorly dropping into the throat2 occasional cough with some shortness of breath on exertion4 ,a deep inspiration caused a dizzy sensation in the head2 eyesight was impaired as well as the memory4 ,after sitting for a time1 and then quickly rising ,i suffered from blindness as well as a dizzy feeling in the head4 ,i never felt that ,i was entirely cured of my lung trouble1 having many of the symptoms which are common to those in the incipient stage of consumption4 ,i also suffered from indigestion1 torpidity of the liver1 and constipation of the bowels4 ,upon consulting at your ,institution1 was advised at once to begin the course of specially prepared medicines as indicated in my case4 ,in all1 ,i have only taken two months' special treatment1 and it has now been six months since ,i have required any medicine2 all symptoms of disease have entirely disappeared1 and ,i desire to thank you for the interest you have taken in my case1 and the treatment prescribed4 ,i have no objection to your publishing my testimony1 if by so doing others may be induced to place themselves under your care for treatment at your ,institution1 or have medicines sent to their homes4 ,respectfully yours1 ,h4,a4 ,,milne1 ,mekinock1 ,grand ,forks ,co41 ,north ,dakota4 ,,consumption4 ,ashland1 ,middlesex ,co41 ,mass41 7,box #aga74 ,,dr4 ,e4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,it is now eight years since ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had a very bad cough1 also night-sweats1 and was almost in my grave1 as we thought1 with consumption1 when a friend of mine who died with consumption came to me in a dream and told me to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and1 thank the ,lord1 ,i did so4 ,by the time ,i had taken half of the first bottle ,i felt so much better1 ,i kept on till ,i had taken three bottles1 that was all ,i needed4 ,i got well and strong again4 ,sincerely yours1 ,clura ,mc,intyre ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,flemming4 ,dear ,sir--,i had been troubled with chronic nasal catarrh for a year2 could not sleep at night or rest in the day1 because ,i could not breathe through my nose4 ,i tried everything ,i was told of1 and all failed to cure4 ,i read about ,dr4 ,pierce's remedies and thought ,i would try them4 ,i used three bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 four of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and ,i was relieved within two weeks4 ,i continued these medicines for four weeks1 and am perfectly cured4 ,i would advise any one who is troubled with catarrh to use ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,i am very thankful for the remedies4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,m4 ,,flemming1 #fih #agth ,ave41 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,,nasal ,,catarrh ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,nuckolls4 ,gentlemen--,twenty years ago ,i was nearly dead with nasal catarrh4 ,i had it several years before ,i knew what it was1 then ,i read ,dr4 ,pierce's description of catarrh4 ,i felt as he described4 ,no one else had ever been able to tell me anything of the symptoms he described4 ,i simply concluded that if he could so minutely describe1 he could also relieve1 and ,i immediately placed myself under his treatment--by correspondence4 ,in a few months ,i was entirely relieved and have not suffered from it since4 ,at the time ,i placed myself under his care ,i could not breathe with my mouth closed4 ,my friends thought ,i could live only a few months more4 ,i have had no return of catarrh and enjoy good health4 ,i believe ,dr4 ,pierce's treatment will cure any case of catarrh4 ,nine years ago ,i was under ,dr4 ,pierce's treatment 7by correspondence7 for dyspepsia4 ,after a few months' treatment ,i was entirely cured of that terrible disease4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,henry ,,nuckolls1 ,rockville1 ,hanover ,county1 ,va4 ,,catarrh ,,of ,,twenty ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,weaver1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,my catarrh was of about twenty years' standing2 my left nostril closed1 ,i could not breathe through it2 had a constant pain above my left eye night and day4 ,i commenced using ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 at the same time using the ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 ,i used one package and one bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,i found great relief2 after using the second ,i thought all was right1 but ,i began to feel the effects of it again1 so ,i got the third and fourth packages1 and ,i am satisfied ,i am rid of it4 ,since ,i commenced using your medicines1 ,i have taken six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,john ,,weaver1 ,west ,carrollton1 ,montgomery ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh ,,causes ,,great ,,suffering4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,crocker4 ,gentlemen--,i had been a great sufferer from nasal catarrh for a number of years which greatly debilitated my system1 and in consequence1 have been in poor health for the last five years4 ,slight exposure would cause bronchial trouble1 but kept up under it until a little more than two years ago when ,i was taken with ,la ,grippe1 which greatly aggravated my other troubles2 and for more than six months before consulting you was scarcely able to do anything2 could not breathe through my nostrils only a little while at a time either day or night2 ,i suffered dreadfully1 having at times terrible pains in my head being unable to sleep some nights more than two hours and then not without dreaming1 and when ,i awoke my head felt worse then when ,i retired4 ,had indigestion1 chronic constipation and stomach trouble4 ,a little more than a year ago1 while reading in one of your ,memorandum ,books ,i decided to try your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,favorite ,prescription and ,pellets2 and after using several bottles1 ,i began to get better and to get some strength1 but my catarrh remained about the same until ,i consulted you by letter and the remedy prescribed proved effectual2 after three months' treatment1 ,i am able to do most of my house work4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,sara ,m4 ,,crocker4 ,p4,o4 ,box #ccb4 ,niantic1 ,new ,london ,co41 ,ct4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,thought ,,his ,,case ,,hopeless--,,two ,,bottles ,,cure4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary-,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,g4 ,meise1 ,esq4 ,it gives me great pleasure to testify to the merits of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,i can say honestly and candidly that it is the grandest medicine ever compounded for catarrh4 ,i suffered terribly with that dreadful disease and thought my case a hopeless one4 ,i have expended on my case about forty dollars for different remedies guaranteed to cure catarrh in its worst form1 but received no benefit therefrom4 ,i also received treatment from two physicians1 but they did me no good4 ,having read a great deal about ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 ,i concluded to try it4 ,the first bottle gave the most pleasing results1 and the second bottle completely cured my case1 which ,i considered hopeless4 ,i most heartily recommend ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy to all suffering from catarrh1 with the assurance that it will surely cure4 ,it is a great boon to suffering humanity4 ,hoping that this humble testimony may be the means of leading many sufferers to try your most valuable medicine with the same happy results as ,i experienced1 and wishing you the best of success1 ,i am1 ,yours sincerely1 ,,august ,g4 ,,meise1 ,vincennes1 ,ind4 ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,naples1 ,uinta ,co41 ,utah4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have been using ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy and have been taking ,golden ,medical ,discovery since ,i last wrote to you4 ,i am well pleased with the result4 ,i feel better than ,i have for years4 ,the ,golden ,medical ,discovery caused a very unpleasant sensation to pass through my body at first but ,i do not feel it much now4 ,i have recommended it to others and the only complaint ,i hear now is that our druggist cannot keep a supply on hand4 ,i take pleasure in reporting my case to you1 and ,i feel that the interest you have taken in my case has been a blessing unto me4 ,my mother has suffered with bad legs for over twenty years and last fall they got so bad she was unable to walk4 ,she has taken ,golden ,medical ,discovery all winter and is now able to walk a little4 ,she says she feels better in body than she has for years4 ,she has spent the most of her life among the sick and speaks very highly of your medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,geo ,a4 ,slough ,,impure ,,blood ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,j4,h4 ,tate4 ,gentlemen--,my health is better now than it has been in ten years4 ,i used six bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and three bottles ,doctor ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and since using your medicines ,i have been able to do more work than before4 ,i have been teaching school since my health got better and last year ,i was able to travel and preach fifty-nine sermons1 besides my work of teaching4 ,for four years ,i suffered with catarrh in my head1 and impure blood1 until my health was very feeble4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i found to be the best blood-purifier ,i ever used4 ,had ,i not used your remedies ,i believe that ,i would have been dead to-day1 or at least not able to say anything4 ,but instead of that ,i am able to walk one and one-half miles and teach school every day4 ,yours truly1 ,,rev4 ,j4,h4 ,,tate1 ,wahoo1 ,sullivan ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,catarrh ,,and ,,dyspepsia ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4 ,eberhardt1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to inform you that my catarrh and dyspeptic symptoms have all vanished4 ,i am no longer troubled with headache and stoppage of the nose1 my stomach is in good order1 and ,i enjoy three hearty meals daily without any bad feelings4 ,i have gained in almost every respect1 particularly in weight and strength1 since beginning the use of your specially prepared medicines4 ,by continuing to follow your special hygienic rules1 ,i believe no relapse will occur4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,berthold ,,eberhardt1 ,n4,e4 ,cor4 #ajth and ,callowhill ,streets1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4,d4 ,ingram1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have used your ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy and ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and they cured me of a severe ,catarrh in the ,head4 ,i can honestly recommend them to all who may suffer from that distressing disease4 ,yours truly4 ,m4,d4 ,,ingram1 ,ingram1 ,bell ,co41 ,ky4 ,mr4 ,ingram had suffered for many years from the most distressing symptoms1 such as profuse offensive discharge from nose1 stopping up of nose1 sneezing1 weak eyes and frequent headache4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh ,,and ,,lung ,,disease4 ,marlow1 ,baldwin ,co41 ,ala4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i had catarrh in the head for years1 and trouble with my left lung at the same time4 ,you put so much faith in your remedies that ,i concluded to try one bottle or two1 and ,i derived much benefit therefrom4 ,i used up three bottles of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 five bottles of your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and in four months ,i was myself again4 ,i could not sleep on my left side1 and now ,i can sleep and eat heartily4 ,so long as ,i have your medicines on hand ,i have no need of a doctor2 ,i do not think my house in order without them4 ,yours truly1 ,a4,h4 ,heard ,a ,,debt ,,of ,,gratitude4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,prof4 ,w4 ,hausner1 ,famous ,mesmerist4 ,gentlemen--,some ten years ago ,i suffered untold agony from chronic nasal catarrh4 ,my family physician gave me up as incurable1 and said ,i must die4 ,at this time ,i weighed #aaj pounds4 ,my case was such a bad one1 that every day1 towards sunset1 my voice would become so hoarse ,i could barely speak above a whisper4 ,in the morning my coughing and clearing of my throat would almost strangle me4 ,by the use of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy in three months ,i was a well man2 the cure has been permanent1 and ,i now weigh #adh pounds4 ,yours truly1 ,,prof4 ,w4 ,,hausner1 ,ithaca1 ,tompkins ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,catarrh1 ,,deafness ,,and ,,other ,,complications4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4,c4 ,weaver1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in announcing to you that ,i have been greatly benefited by your medicines2 my trouble began with nasal catarrh and extended to my throat and ears2 my bowels were inactive and my general health became impaired2 my worst trouble1 however1 was dullness of hearing4 ,i had an uncomfortable1 bad feeling in my ears--akin to earache2 ,i had a watery discharge from the nose2 ,i had to hawk and spit a great deal at times2 my mind was greatly affected also and had a great deal of pain in the head4 ,upon advice of friends to try your medicines ,i resolved to do so4 ,have used six bottles of your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and two bottles of ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,the pain in my head is gone and my health is greatly improved and am working every day1 something ,i could not do before4 ,my appetite is good4 ,yours truly1 ,,morris ,c4 ,,weaver1 ,no4 #aga ,e4 ,genesee ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,,bronchial ,,disease4 ,clifford1 ,susquehanna ,co41 ,penna4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,the doctors said ,i had bronchitis1 and ,i doctored with five different physicians before taking your medicines4 ,my throat would bleed from three to five times a day--half a dozen mouthfuls perhaps--as fresh as if you had cut your finger1 and ,i was in a generally weakened state although able to be about the house1 but the least exertion would make me tremble4 ,finally ,i purchased one of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,common ,sense ,medical ,advisers1 and read it a good deal1 and so was induced to take your medicines4 ,i took in all seven bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 one of the ,favorite ,prescription1 and one bottle of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and some of the ,pellets1 and they did everything for me--more than anything else ,i ever tried4 ,in about six months' time ,i was well4 ,now1 my throat does not trouble me unless ,i take cold4 ,it has been about six years since ,i took your medicines1 and ,i think they cured me4 ,i think there are no medicines equal to your medicines1 and would recommend them to all suffering ones4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,lewis ,johnson ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,miner1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i had the catarrh in the head for about fifteen years2 my head was always stopped up and ,i had pains almost constantly4 ,my nose would run1 and stuff would fall into my throat whenever ,i would lie down1 and at other times it seemed dry and crusty1 and then my head would become stopped up and ,i would suffer again4 ,i used cubebs and glycerine for a long time2 they only relieved me while ,i was using them4 ,i used several other kinds of stuff1 but ,i received no benefit from them4 ,i had nearly given up in despair4 ,at last ,i came across one of your advertisements of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy in one of your ,memorandum ,books1 and ,i thought ,i would try it4 ,it is the grandest thing on earth4 ,i was thankful to ,god ,i found something at last to stop my suffering4 ,may ,god bless you1 dear friends1 for saving my life4 ,i used your medicine about eight weeks3 it only took two bottles to cure me sound and well after all the rest had failed4 ,yours truly1 ,,david ,,miner1 ,bridgeport1 ,marion ,co41 ,ind4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,half ,a ,,dozen ,,bottles ,,of ,,dr4 ,,sage',s ,,catarrh ,,remedy ,,with ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery ,,cures ,,permanently ,a ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,n4,m4 ,hodges4 ,gentlemen--,i was suffering from chronic catarrh1 and bought a half-dozen bottles of your ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 also some of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery to purify my blood and ,i am happy to say ,i am permanently cured of that disease4 ,years after this letter was written ,mr4 ,hodges informs us that his cure has remained permanent4 ,yours truly1 ,n4,m4 ,,hodges1 ,laketown1 ,rich ,co41 ,utah4 ,,chronic ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,started ,,with ,,la ,,grippe4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,w4 ,thomas1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i think it is time ,i reported my case to you1 as it is five months since ,i began using your medicines4 ,i have taken five bottles of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and used it with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i have no signs of catarrh now1 and can say ,i never felt better in my life1 then while taking your medicine4 ,two years later ,mr4 ,thomas says3 ,i nave not been troubled with catarrh since taking the ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,i am a tenor singer and my voice almost left me when ,i had the catarrh but now my voice has come back4 ,yours respectfully1 ,e4,w4 ,,thomas1 ,box #ah1 ,garden ,city1 ,miss4 ,,catarrh ,,and ,,other ,,complications4 ,north ,berne1 ,fairfield ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,my health is good4 ,i am restored from weak eyes1 weak stomach1 catarrh1 also female trouble4 ,i took two bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 one bottle of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,it took wonderful effect4 ,i have recommended your medicines a great deal1 and have done a great deal of work for you4 ,i have been the cause of selling quite a quantity of medicine in this county1 and ,i will do all ,i can for you4 ,yours truly1 ,sarah ,campfield ,,catarrh ,,of ,,eight ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,m4 ,baily1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i write this to let you know that ,i am well of that disease called catarrh of the head4 ,three years ago this fall ,i had catarrh in its worst form1 till from three gills to one and one-half pints of corruption would be expectorated in twenty-four hours4 ,then ,i noticed your advertisement4 ,six months after taking your medicines ,i thought it too soon to tell you1 but ,i can now say that my money was well spent in buying your medicine1 for it resulted in a permanent cure4 ,the catarrh was of eight years' standing4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,edward ,m4 ,,bailey1 ,taggart1 ,harrison ,co41 ,mo4 ,,dreadful ,,cough4 ,,abscess ,,of ,,lung4 ,brookeland1 ,sabine ,co41 ,texas4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4 ,berryman1 ,jr4 ,gentlemen--,seven years ago ,i was on the verge of the grave1 with what the physician pronounced an abscess of the right lung4 ,it lingered on for three years4 ,during that time my side discharged large quantities of pus and ,i had a dreadful cough4 ,i was so weak that ,i could not walk fifty yards without being completely exhausted4 ,i had taken every kind of medicine that was recommended for similar maladies1 such as cod liver oil1 sarsaparillas1 iron tonic and syrup of hypophosphites1 without any relief4 ,i was about discouraged when ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i took six bottles and it completely restored me to health4 ,the discharge stopped from my side1 and the cough has ceased4 ,i am now able to follow my profession1 which is a teacher of penmanship4 ,i can walk ten miles any day without the least worry4 ,if any one doubts this statement they can write me and ,i will verify the above statement4 ,trusting that this may be the means of assisting some one else who is suffering untold miseries1 as ,i did before using the ,g4,m4,d4 ,i am1 fraternally thine1 ,f4 ,berryman1 ,jr4 ,,catarrhal ,,deafness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,s4,p4 ,gray1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was nearly deaf on the right side of my head4 ,i used three or four bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and four bottles of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy with the ,nasal ,douche1 in the first trial4 ,cold weather coming on ,i had to stop1 as ,i could not use the ,injector in freezing weather1 but ,i was greatly benefited4 ,along towards spring ,i found it was coming back1 from taking cold1 and1 after several trials of other remedies1 ,i again began the use of your medicines1 taking two bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and three bottles of ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and ,i feel safe in believing ,i am cured as ,i feel no signs of its return4 ,my health is very good for a man of #gd years of age and ,i am satisfied that ,dr4 ,pierce's ,medicines did it4 ,i recommend them whenever ,i have a chance4 ,yours respectfully1 ,s4,p4 ,,gray1 ,graham1 ,nodaway ,co41 ,mo4 ,,bronchitis4 ,,liver ,,complaint4 #cah ,e4 #hcrd ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4,y4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am extremely sorry not to have informed you sooner of the magnificent result ,i obtained from your most valuable medicines4 ,when1 sometime ago1 ,i consulted you in regard to my affliction1 bronchitis1 ,i was indeed fearing the worst4 ,but ,i had so much confidence in your medicines1 which ,i had previously used for colds and liver complaint with good results1 that ,i strictly followed your kind advice and continued taking it until ,i was assured of perfect health4 ,i took five bottles of your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 using the ,pellets combined as directed1 and the effect was magical4 ,i am now healthy and hearty4 ,heartily thanking you for your kind advice and assistance1 ,i remain1 gentlemen4 ,yours most respectfully1 ,paolo ,bedesing ,,lingering ,,cough4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,gentlemen--,i contracted a cough during the winter of #ahhi and tried many different kinds of cough medicines1 but none did me any good4 ,i at last became alarmed1 and wrote to ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce to know if he could prepare a medicine that would cure me1 and ,i was advised to try his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which ,i did1 and am glad to say that only two bottles cured me after letting the cough run on from the winter of #ahhi until the spring of #ahic4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,morgan4 ,c4 ,,lilly1 ,holston1 ,washington ,co41 ,va4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hoffman4 ,gentlemen--,i have enjoyed good health since ,i took your treatment4 ,i suffered intense agony for five months1 and after taking one month's medicine ,i found very much relief--so much ,i was surprised4 ,many thanks for the good your medicines have done me1 and my prayers are that ,god may help you in your good work1 and that you may live long and prosper4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,,hoffman1 ,box #ahc1 ,clarksville1 ,butler ,co41 ,iowa4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,big ,piney1 ,pulaski ,co41 ,mo4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i was treated by you eleven years ago for nervous debility and chronic catarrh of eight years' standing and of a very aggravated nature4 ,i was considered near my grave by many of my friends when ,i commenced treatment4 ,i used eight months' special treatment1 after while ,i used some #ab or #ae bottles of your ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and have had excellent health ever since4 ,yours truly1 ,b4,p4 ,dake4 ,,cure ,,of ,,deafness ,,due ,,to ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,j4 ,williams1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for several years ,i was troubled with catarrh and deafness of the right ear--the hearing becoming more and more defective until ,i could scarcely hear at all4 ,there was a constant ringing1 roaring noise in my ear1 and finally the disease assumed a very painful form4 ,the ear became very sensitive to the touch1 and the pain and inflammation extended into the eustachian tube and down into the throat4 ,i could scarcely sleep at night1 and during the day ,i suffered constantly4 ,i finally decided to consult ,dr4 ,pierce1 and acting under his advice1 ,i began the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy by means of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,nasal ,douche4 ,i soon began to improve and after using three bottles each of the above named remedies the pain and soreness left my ear1 my hearing returned and ,i considered myself completely cured1 and indeed there has been no recurrence of the trouble since4 ,sincerely yours1 ,t4,j4 ,,williams1 ,byrneville1 ,harrison ,co41 ,ind4 ,,asthma ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,illustration3 ,g4 ,berner1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,for some months ,i suffered from a shortness of breath and dryness in the throat which usually came on at night1 and these symptoms gradually became aggravated until it was impossible for me to procure enough sleep so that ,i could perform my daily duties about the farm4 ,deriving no relief from such treatment as ,i was taking ,i came to your ,institution1 was examined by your specialist1 who pronounced my case asthma1 complicated with nasal catarrh4 ,after using the special medicines which he prepared for me for a few days ,i commenced to feel better1 the shortness of breath gradually disappearing2 the paroxysms of asthma were less frequent and not so severe4 ,after taking only two months' treatment ,i was completely restored to my previous good health1 and for five months it has not been necessary for me to use any medicine1 and ,i feel that ,i am perfectly well4 ,i give you this testimonial in order that others who are similarly afflicted may know of your skill in treating cases of this nature1 and seek relief from your ,institution4 ,respectfully1 ,,gottlieb ,,berner1 ,cheektowaga1 ,erie ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,asthma ,,complicated ,,with ,,bronchitis4 ,illustration3 ,t4,e4 ,stanton1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it is five weeks to-day since ,i was at your place for medical treatment for a bronchial and asthmatic difficulty2 it had got so bad that it was hard work for me to breathe if ,i moved around any2 ,i have sat up many a night for when ,i laid down ,i could not get my breath4 ,i had six different doctors to aid me--all the good they did me was to get my money4 ,can say1 of a truth1 that you have done mo more good than all other doctors4 ,one doctor said ,i would not live two years2 that is four years ago and ,i am yet alive4 ,i am sure ,i am now on the safe road to recovery with your treatment4 ,yours1 etc41 ,t4,e4 ,,stanton1 ,manlius1 ,onondaga ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,asthma1 ,,or ,,phthisic4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,f4 ,buttles4 ,gentlemen--,in gratitude to yourselves as well as to give my fellow sufferers the benefit of my experience ,i wish to say1 that immediately after receiving your courteous reply to my letter1 describing the difficulty in breathing after any extra exertion1 ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and before ,i had finished the first bottle ,i was greatly relieved4 ,i have taken less than one-half dozen bottles1 and although the disease was of about three years' standing1 ,i can now do as big a day's work as any of my neighbors and as many of them1 for all of which ,i am indebted to the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,avery ,f4 ,,buttles4 ,norden1 ,keyapaha ,county1 ,nebr4 ,,nasal ,,polypi4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,h4 ,bailey1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i can testify to your skillful operation in removing a number of nasal tumors4 ,i had been a great sufferer from acute headaches1 caused by the tumors1 for years4 ,i cannot speak too highly of the benefit ,i received at your ,institution the two months ,i stayed with you4 ,i feel sure of a permanent cure as ,i do not have the headaches as formerly4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,george ,h4 ,,bailey1 ,hinsdale1 ,cheshire ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,asthma ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,kyker4 ,gentlemen--,my wife was afflicted with asthma for twenty years3 as she grew older she grew worse4 ,her case was treated by three eminent doctors1 but all failed2 they told me there was no cure for it4 ,discouraged as ,i was1 ,i resolved to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 she used five bottles and two vials of your ,pleasant ,pellets1 which has made a permanent cure4 ,she has gained twenty pounds in weight since the cure was effected4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,r4 ,,kyker1 ,english1 ,cocke ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,a ,,grateful ,,patient',s ,,words ,,of ,,praise4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,henkel1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been in your ,institution as a sufferer from two distinct chronic diseases of years' standing1 and having been placed under the charge of your specialists1 ,i was speedily relieved of my afflictions4 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel is a place as much like home as it is possible for such an institution to be4 ,the physicians and surgeons are all expert specialists and thoroughly efficient2 the nurses are very competent1 attentive and kind2 and1 in fact1 the whole personnel of the ,invalids' ,hotel endeavor to do their best to make the patients feel like being at home4 ,i always felt while there as if ,i was one of the family4 ,i gladly recommend your ,institution to all persons who are afflicted with any kind of chronic disease1 for from my own experience ,i know the professional staff will do all which they promise to do4 ,please accept my thanks for the speedy benefits and perfect cure of my diseases1 and ,i think your ,institution is worthy of the highest endorsement4 ,yours truly1 ,,william ,,henkel1 ,no4 #aiag ,congress ,street1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,lung ,,trouble4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,ass',n1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sunderland4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i commenced taking your medicines1 eighteen months ago1 my health was completely broken down4 ,at times ,i could not even walk across the room1 without pains in my chest4 ,the doctor who attended me said ,i had lung-trouble and that ,i would never be well again4 ,at last ,i concluded to try ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,i bought a bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 took it and soon commenced to feel a little better1 then you directed me to take both the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did4 ,altogether ,i have taken eighteen bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 twelve of the ,favorite ,prescription and five vials of ,pellets4 ,i am now almost entirely well and do all my work without any pain whatever1 and can run with more ease than ,i could formerly walk4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,cora ,l4 ,,sunderland1 ,chaneyville1 ,calvert ,co41 ,md4 ,,asthma1 ,,or ,,phthisic4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,owen4 ,gentlemen--,for six or seven years ,i have been a great sufferer from asthma1 being for weeks so ,i had to sit in my chair night and day2 and to all people suffering with the disease1 ,i am glad to recommend your medicines of which ,i have taken only a few bottles4 ,i now call myself cured1 for ,i have not had asthma for a long time4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,emily ,,owen1 ,hinsdale1 ,cheshire ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,nervous ,,prostration ,,following ,,grip4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,s4 ,nicholson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in ,january of '#ij took the grippe1 went to work before ,i was well1 was caught in a rain which gave me a very bad relapse1 resulting in lung fever and complete prostration2 was on my bed two months1 and when ,i did get out1 the strength to walk any more than just a few rods did not come back4 ,my family doctor and two prominent physicians of ,sioux ,city1 did me no good4 ,late in the fall ,i got a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which quieted my trembling nerves and gave me an appetite to eat4 ,i then concluded to try the ,doctor1 personally4 ,up to this time ,i was in a pitiable condition4 ,sometimes ,i could not sleep until ,i felt almost wild1 then sleep so much ,i would be stupefied4 ,i could not digest any food and my whole system was wasting and failing fast4 ,i doubt if any one who saw me expected me to get well4 ,i took the treatment sent me by the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association for more than a year4 ,the medicine never gave me any distress as other medicines had done before4 ,i began to improve from the start1 but the change from one extreme to the other was like the growth of a child4 ,to any one suffering from nervous prostration ,i would say1 don't be impatient4 ,it takes a long time for weakened nerves to grow strong4 ,i have at last become strong and well1 thanks to the ,giver of all good and the grand ,institution at ,buffalo4 ,i nave since married a noble-hearted young woman1 and when ,i am playing with our sweet1 healthy1 baby girl1 ,i give way to the thought that at last the long1 ,bad chapter of my life is ended2 at such times her merry laugh sounds like a song of triumph of life over death4 ,gratefully yours1 ,w4,s4 ,,nicholson1 ,willow ,creek1 ,clay ,co41 ,iowa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,heart4 ,diseases of the heart are classified as either functional or organic ,we shall dwell only briefly upon purely functional derangements of the heart2 as increased1 or excited action1 defective1 or enfeebled action1 and irregular action4 ,increased action of the heart1 indicated by palpitation1 or increased number of the beats1 may be caused mechanically1 as by distention of the stomach1 which1 by preventing the descent of the diaphragm1 excites the action of this organ4 ,or it may be a sympathetic disturbance produced through the nervous system2 thus the emotions and passions may suddenly arouse the heart to excessive action2 or the presence of worms in the intestines1 improper food1 and masturbation1 may be the cause4 ,the use of tea1 tobacco1 and alcoholic drinks excites the heart4 ,we have found that the excessive use of tobacco is very frequently the cause of functional derangement of this organ4 ,deficiency of the blood1 as in anmia1 may be the cause of palpitation of the heart4 ,functional disturbance of the heart's action is manifested by palpitation1 irregularity1 intermissions1 a rolling or tumbling movement1 and a feeling as if the heart were in the throat4 ,these symptoms often give rise to great apprehension1 anxiety1 fear1 and depression of mind4 ,,treatment4 ,the curative treatment of functional derangement of the heart must have reference to the causes producing it4 ,if it is in consequence of indigestion1 the appetite and digestion should be improved by observing regularity in the time of taking the meals1 and eating very easily-digested food4 ,the use of strong tea1 coffee1 tobacco1 and spirits1 should be interdicted1 and regular exercise1 rest1 and sleep should be enjoined4 ,in all cases1 the domestic management should include daily bathing1 exercise in the open air1 regular habits1 and the avoidance of all causes which tend to excite the heart's irregularity4 ,the remedial treatment of these functional affections ought to be confided to some experienced physician1 as the remedies are not within the ordinary reach of all families1 nor if they were1 would they have sufficient experience and knowledge to select and properly administer them4 ,,organic ,,disease ,,of ,,the ,,heart4 ,by organic disease we mean disease pertaining to the structure of the heart itself1 in contradistinction to functional disease1 which has reference merely to the action of the heart4 ,the heart is subject to various organic diseases1 but we have only space to consider1 in the briefest manner1 those which are the most common4 ,it is essential that the reader should have some knowledge of the anatomy and functions of the various parts of the heart in order that its diseases and their effects may be comprehended2 therefore the anatomy and physiology of this organ1 given in ,part ,i1 ,chapter ,,vii1 of this work1 should be carefully studied4 ,it is very evident that any disease which affects the structure and function of any part of the heart must1 necessarily1 give rise to certain modifications of the pulse1 sounds1 etc4 ,it is through the observation and study of these modifications and changes that we arrive at a correct diagnosis as to the precise location and character of the disease4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,pond's ,sphygmograph4 ,until within comparatively recent years1 physicians were very much in the dark regarding diseases of the heart4 ,now1 however1 with a thorough knowledge of the anatomy1 physiology1 and pathology of the heart and the parts surrounding it1 and with the aid of instruments which modern ingenuity has given us1 we are able to diagnosticate with precision the slightest lesions of any part of this important organ1 and1 knowing their nature1 to map out an appropriate course of treatment4 ,with the aid of the stethoscope1 invented by ,laennec and improved upon by ,camman1 we are able to distinguish the slightest deviation from the normal sounds1 and1 by noting the character of the sound1 the time when it occurs1 the area over which ,it is heard most distinctly1 and the direction in which it is transmitted1 to locate the lesion which produces it4 ,by the aid of the sphygmograph1 first invented by ,herrisson1 and afterward improved upon by ,ludwig1 ,vierordt1 ,marey1 and lastly by ,pond1 of our own country1 the pulsations at the wrist are registered1 and thus made perceptible to the eye4 ,we herewith give a cut1 ,fig4 #a1 of ,pond's instrument1 and two tracings made by it4 ,the first is a healthy tracing1 and the second indicates enlargement1 technically called hypertrophy1 of the heart ,,pericarditis1 or inflammation of the membranous sac which surrounds the heart1 may be either acute or chronic4 ,the symptoms in acute pericarditis are made up from co-existing affections1 and are frequently associated with articular rheumatism1 ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 or pleuritis ,the intensity of the pain varies in different individuals4 ,the action of the heart is increased1 the pulse is quick1 and vomiting sometimes takes place4 ,when this disease is developed in the course of rheumatism1 it is known as rheumatic pericarditis1 and is almost always associated with endocarditis4 ,in some cases acute pericarditis is very distressing1 in others it is mild4 ,the fatality is not due so much to the disease itself1 as to co-existing affections4 ,when it does not prove fatal1 it sometimes becomes chronic4 ,in chronic pericarditis1 pain is seldom present4 ,the heart is generally more or less enlarged1 its sounds are feeble1 the first being weaker than the second4 ,,endocarditis1 or inflammation of the membrane lining the cavities of the heart1 is one of the most frequent forms of heart disease4 ,it is almost invariably associated with acute rheumatism1 or some of the eruptive fevers1 as small-pox1 scarlet fever1 etc41 and is due to the irritation of the unhealthy blood passing through the heart4 ,the disease is generally attended with little or no pain1 and1 consequently1 if the attending physician be not on the alert1 it will escape his observation4 ,when associated with acute rheumatism1 the disease is only in rare instances directly fatal1 but in the great majority of cases it leaves permanent organic changes1 which sooner or later develop into valvular affections1 and these may eventually destroy life4 ,when the disease occurs1 however1 as the result of pymia 7blood-poisoning produced by the absorption of decomposing pus or matter7 or of diphtheria1 or when it is associated with any other septic conditions1 it constitutes a very grave element4 ,collections of matter formed on the membrane lining the heart and covering its valves1 are liable to be detached and carried by the circulation to the brain1 spleen1 or liver1 where they plug up some artery1 and thus cause death of the parts which it supplies with blood4 ,chronic endocarditis generally occurs in rheumatic subjects1 unassociated with any acute disease1 ,it may exist without any marked symptoms1 except1 perhaps1 a sense of oppression and uneasiness in the chest1 with palpitation4 ,it produces a thickening and hardening of the membrane lining the heart1 and generally causes a retraction1 adhesion1 and degeneration of some of the valves of the heart1 thus bringing on valvular disease4 ,,valvular ,,lesions are1 as we have seen1 very frequently the result of endocarditis4 ,they are of two kinds4 ,first1 those which prevent the valves from flapping back close to the walls of the ventricles1 or arteries1 thus diminishing1 to a greater or lesser extent1 the size of the valvular orifices1 and offering an obstruction to the free flow of blood through them2 and which consist of a thickening and retraction1 or adhesion of the valves1 chalky deposits1 morbid growths1 etc4 ,secondly1 those which prevent complete closure of the valves1 and thus permit a return of the blood into the cavity from which it has just been expelled4 ,these latter consist of retractions1 perforations1 and partial detachments of the valves1 chalky deposits around the base of the valves and in them1 and rupture of the chord tendine4 ,these two forms of lesions are usually co-existent1 one generally being more extensive than the other4 ,thus1 the regurgitation may be slight1 and the obstruction great1 or vice versa4 ,the symptoms and disturbance of the circulation are altogether dependent upon the location and form of the lesion1 or lesions4 ,each valvular lesion has its characteristic sound1 or murmur1 which is heard at a particular period in the cycle of the heart's action1 and it is1 as before stated1 from these sounds1 from tracings of the pulse1 and from the many other indications1 that we arrive at a diagnosis4 ,thus1 in obstruction of the orifice at the junction of the aorta with the left ventricle1 one of the most frequent of valvular lesions1 a murmur1 generally harsh in character1 is heard with the first sound of the heart1 with greatest intensity directly over the normal position or the aortic semilunar valves4 ,this is conveyed along the large arteries1 and may be heard1 less distinctly1 over the carotids4 ,in the sphygmographic tracing1 the line of ascent is less abrupt than in the normal tracing 7,fig4 #b71 and not nearly so high1 and it is rounded at the top4 ,in aortic regurgitation1 the line of ascent is similar to that of the healthy tracing1 but the line of descent is very sudden4 ,the left side of the heart is almost invariably the primary seat of these affections1 but in the latter stages of their course1 the right side also is liable to become involved1 and1 as a consequence1 there then exists great disturbance of the venous circulation1 with a damming back of the blood in the veins1 and passive congestion of the liver1 kidneys and brain1 followed by dropsy1 albumen in the urine1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,the above is a representation of a tracing of a healthy pulse as made with the ,sphygmograph4 ,,hypertrophy ,,of ,,the ,,heart consists of a thickening of the muscular walls of this organ4 ,it may be confined to one portion of the heart1 or it may affect the entire organ4 ,the affection has been divided into the following three forms3 ,simple hypertrophy1 in which there is an increase in the thickness of the walls of the heart1 without any augmentation in the capacity of the cavities1 and which is usually the result of chronic ,bright's disease1 or great intemperance2 eccentric hypertrophy1 in which there is an increase in the thickness of the walls of the heart1 together with increase in the capacity of the cavities1 and which is generally the result of some valvular lesion2 and concentric hypertrophy1 in which there is an increase in the thickness of the walls of the heart1 with a decrease in the capacity of the cavities4 ,valvular lesions1 obstructions in the large arteries1 or1 in fact1 any thing which calls upon the heart to constantly perform an undue amount of labor must1 necessarily1 produce hypertrophy of its muscular walls1 just as the undue amount of labor which the blacksmith's arm is called upon to perform produces hypertrophy of its muscles4 ,with this condition1 the pulse is hard and incompressible1 and the line of ascent in the sphygmographic tracing 7,fig4 #c7 is higher than in health4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,dilatation ,,of ,,the ,,heart is a condition which is closely allied to hypertrophy of the heart1 and which consists of an increase in the capacity of the cavities of the heart1 with diminished contractile power4 ,in simple dilatation1 there is an increase in the capacities of the cavities1 without any marked change in the walls of the organ4 ,it is usually the result of some disease which has produced great muscular prostration1 and which has interfered materially with nutrition4 ,more frequently1 however1 dilatation is the result of valvular lesions1 and is associated with hypertrophy1 there being an increase in the thickness of the walls with a diminution of the contractile power4 ,the hypertrophy from valvular lesions goes on increasing until it reaches a certain stage1 when dilatation commences1 the two conditions then being associated4 ,,atrophy of the heart is the opposite to hypertrophy1 and signifies a wasting away of the muscular substance1 and a diminution in the thickness of the walls of the heart4 ,its power is diminished in proportion to the degree of atrophy4 ,,fatty ,,degeneration of the heart consists in the deposition of particles of fat within the sarcolemma 7the sheath which invests the fibrils71 which are substituted for the proper muscular tissue4 ,if the fatty degeneration exists to any extent the muscular walls present a yellowish color1 and the heart is soft and flabby4 ,this may be confined to one ventricle1 or it may affect the inner layer of fibres1 the outer layer remaining unchanged4 ,degeneration of the left ventricle occasions feebleness of the pulse4 ,difficulty in breathing is one symptom of this disease1 especially when the right ventricle is affected4 ,there is pallor1 feeble circulation1 cold extremities1 and frequently dropsy4 ,fatty degeneration is more liable to occur in corpulent persons1 and between the ages of forty and fifty years4 ,,angina ,,pectoris1 also termed neuralgia of the heart1 might be included among the diseases of the nervous system1 but as it is usually associated with a derangement in the action of the heart1 it may be properly considered in this connection4 ,the pain varies in intensity1 sometimes being very acute1 at others assuming a milder form4 ,the action of the heart is more or less disturbed4 ,the beats are irregular1 at times being strong1 while again they are feeble4 ,a feeling of numbness is experienced in those parts to which the pain penetrates4 ,these paroxysms usually continue but a few minutes1 although they sometimes last several hours4 ,persons suffering from angina pectoris are liable to sudden death4 ,it is connected with ossification1 or other organic changes of the heart4 ,usually these paroxysms1 if the life of the patient continues1 become more and more frequent4 ,the danger is not to be measured by the intensity of the pain1 but by the co-existing organic disease4 ,although it is not absolutely certain that organic disease is present in all cases of angina pectoris1 yet the exceptions are so rare that when the signs of organic disease cannot be detected1 it may be inferred that angina is not the real affection1 or that the existing lesions escape observation4 ,those who suffer from this disease are1 in the great majority of cases1 of the male sex1 and rarely under the age of forty4 ,,treatment4 ,in the foregoing consideration of organic diseases of the heart1 we have omitted to speak of their remedial management1 for the obvious reason that unprofessional readers are unable to correctly distinguish between the various diseases of this vital organ2 and it would1 therefore1 be useless for us to attempt to instruct them as to the medicinal treatment of the different cardiac affections4 ,in the vast majority of instances1 diseases of the heart are not necessarily speedily fatal4 ,persons have been known to live twenty years or more with very extensive organic disease of this organ4 ,it is very important1 however1 that a correct diagnosis be made in the early stages of these diseases1 in order that an appropriate course of hygiene and treatment may be adopted1 which will check their progress4 ,while we cannot cure extensive organic diseases of the heart1 we can check their progress1 and prolong life1 and render the condition of the subject comparatively comfortable4 ,since we are able to diagnosticate with the utmost precision the various affections of the heart1 and since the discovery of certain specific medicines which exert most beneficial effects1 we are enabled to treat this class of maladies with the most gratifying results4 ,thus we have seen a case in a very advanced stage of the disease1 with the breathing so difficult that the subject had been compelled to remain almost constantly in the sitting posture1 in the greatest agony1 for so long a time that immense bed sores had formed on the seat2 in which the dropsy had become so extensive that the skin of the legs had burst open2 and yet this patient1 through the influence of a specific course of treatment1 was speedily relieved1 and enabled to live in a comparatively comfortable condition for many months4 ,one afflicted with heart disease should abstain from the use of all kinds of stimulants1 tobacco1 and whatever tends to lower vitality4 ,his life should be an even one1 free from all excitement of any kind whatsoever4 ,he should avoid severe physical exertion1 and everything which causes the heart to beat with undue frequency4 ,there are certain symptoms1 the result of chlorosis 7the green sickness71 a deficiency of blood1 dyspepsia1 uterine disease1 and certain nervous affections1 which may simulate those of real organic disease1 but the physician of education and experience1 with a trained ear1 is able to detect the difference speedily4 ,,sore ,,mouth4 7,,stomatitis47 ,stomatitis1 or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth1 may include the entire surface of the gums1 tongue1 and cheeks1 or appear only in spots4 ,vesicles are formed1 having swollen edges and a white or yellow center1 which finally ulcerate4 ,when mild1 the affection is confined to these parts4 ,if the inflammation is acute1 the mouth is dry and parched1 or as is more frequently the case1 the flow of saliva is abundant and acrid1 and1 when swallowed1 irritates the stomach and bowels1 producing fever1 diarrhea1 griping pains1 and flatulency4 ,the tongue is either coated white or red1 and is glossy1 and the sense of taste is considerably impaired4 ,digestion and nutrition are then disturbed1 and the patient becomes rapidly emaciated4 ,,thrush1 ,,or ,,canker1 is that form of stomatitis in which white ulcers locate on the inner side of the upper lip1 the tongue1 or roof of the mouth2 the irritation which they cause not only interferes with eating1 but produces fever1 together with the symptoms previously mentioned4 ,,apth1 or follicular inflammation1 is distinguished by very painful little ulcers1 single or in clusters1 scattered over the surface of the tongue and lining of the mouth4 ,sometimes it is complicated with little lumps in the tongue4 ,these form ulcers and denote scrofulous inflammation4 ,fissures and cracks in the tongue indicate derangement of the stomach4 ,,the ,,causes of stomatitis1 in nursing infants1 are unhealthy milk1 or effete matter1 which1 for lack of proper care and cleanliness1 accumulates upon the nipple4 ,in older children1 improper diet1 irritants1 debility of the digestive functions1 or hereditary syphilitic taint1 disorder the blood and induce local inflammation4 ,,treatment4 ,locally1 use a wash of golden seal or gold thread sweetened with maple-sugar1 and rendered slightly alkaline with borax or saleratus4 ,also use a very weak1 alkaline tea1 or one of slippery-elm flour1 to obviate the acridity of the secretions4 ,if the sores do not heal1 constitutional treatment may be required1 as the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the family physician should be consulted if the sore mouth resists all these remedial measures4 ,,nursing ,,sore ,,mouth4 7,,stomatitis ,,materna47 ,during the period of nursing1 and sometimes in the latter months of pregnancy1 women are liable to a peculiar variety of sore mouth4 ,the soreness is sometimes so great that1 although the appetite may be ravenous1 the patient cannot eat4 ,when this condition extends to the stomach and bowels1 symptoms of a very grave character appear1 and the disease1 by interfering with the process of nutrition1 causes emaciation and debility1 and in extreme cases1 death4 ,it is a strange affection1 nearly always disappearing upon weaning the child1 though this course is not absolutely necessary4 ,it appears to depend upon a hepatic1 or gastric derangement1 in connection with a vitiated condition of the blood1 but how this is brought about is unknown4 ,,symptoms4 ,the disease sometimes comes on suddenly1 at others more slowly4 ,the fact that the woman is either pregnant or nursing1 is of importance in forming a diagnosis4 ,at first there is a severe1 scalding sensation of the tongue1 mouth1 and fauces1 with pain1 which is sometimes intense4 ,the color of the tongue is often pink1 or a light red1 while the mouth is generally of a deeper hue4 ,this stinging1 biting sensation is accompanied by a profuse1 watery discharge from the mouth1 which seems extremely hot and acrid1 causing excoriation whenever it comes in contract with the face or chin4 ,the appetite is good1 sometimes ravenous1 but food or drinks1 except of the blandest character1 occasion such intense pain that the patient avoids their use4 ,ulceration occurs after a little time4 ,the bowels are generally constipated1 but when the disease extends to the stomach or intestines1 diarrhea occurs4 ,there is generally anmia1 debility1 and impairment of the vital powers4 ,,treatment4 ,the indications for treatment in this affection are to overcome the vitiated condition of the blood1 and to sustain the vital powers4 ,the remedies for this purpose are alteratives1 antiseptics1 and tonics4 ,give the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 the value of which may be greatly enhanced by adding one-half ounce of the fluid extract of baptisia to each bottle1 in doses of a teaspoonful four times a day4 ,chlorate of potash1 half an ounce in a pint of water1 used as a wash and gargle1 is of great value4 ,a teaspoonful of the same may be swallowed several times a day4 ,this will not interfere with other medicines4 ,as a tonic1 the tincture of the muriate of iron1 in five to ten-drop doses1 diluted with water1 may be taken three or four times daily4 ,quinine1 in one or two-gram doses1 should be given with the iron if the debility be extreme4 ,when there is great acidity of the stomach1 which may be known by heart burn1 saleratus may be taken in water1 to neutralize it1 but should not be drunk within an hour of the time for taking other medicines4 ,if constipation exists1 use the ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,this course of treatment1 thoroughly carried out1 will seldom fail to effect a perfect cure1 without weaning the child1 yet this latter course may sometimes become advisable to promote the recovery of the patient4 ,should the treatment advised not produce the desired result1 a skillful physician's services should be secured1 as he may1 in individual cases1 distinguish other important indications which may enable him to modify the treatment to advantage4 ,,diarrhea1 ,,cholera ,,infantum1 ,,or ,,summer ,,complaint1 ,,and ,,dysentery4 ,these diseases are usually considered separately by medical writers but1 as they are closely related1 a simple diarrhea not unfrequently running into a cholera infantum or a dysentery1 we shall consider them together4 ,,diarrhea is an affection characterized by unnaturally frequent evacuations from the bowels of a liquid of morbidly soft consistency4 ,it may be simple or inflammatory1 and acute or chronic4 ,a diarrhea is said to be bilious when the discharges are composed principally of serum1 highly colored with yellow or green bile2 catarrhal1 when they are of a semi-transparent1 mucous character2 serous1 when the dejections are thin and watery1 sometimes mixed with blood1 bile1 or ingesta4 ,the symptoms of the affection are usually at first those of indigestion1 a fullness of the stomach1 flatulency1 and colicky pains4 ,the pains1 which precede each evacuation1 are intermittent in character4 ,there may be an unpleasant sinking sensation in the abdomen1 and1 with the discharge1 exhaustion1 a feeble pulse1 and a cool skin4 ,in the inflammatory variety1 there is more or less fever4 ,,cholera ,,infantum1 or summer complaint1 is a disease peculiar to the warm season1 and more prevalent in cities1 and among those children who do not nurse at the breast4 ,it is characterized by great irritability of the stomach1 and persistent vomiting and purging1 the discharges from the bowels being copious and watery1 and sometimes containing specks of curd1 yellowish-green matter1 and mucus4 ,the limbs of the little sufferer are usually drawn up1 indicating pain in the bowels1 and there is great prostration with cold extremities4 ,the invasion may be so sudden1 and the disease so violent as to destroy life in a few hours4 ,,dysentery1 also known as bloody-flux1 consists of an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine1 with ulceration of the affected surfaces4 ,the disease is accompanied with much nervous prostration1 and is distinguished by severe pains in the abdomen of a griping nature1 followed by frequent scanty and bloody stools1 and much straining4 ,occasionally the attack is ushered in with a chill and aching pains in various parts of the body1 with copious fecal dejections4 ,in other cases the attack is preceded by loss of appetite1 a sense of uneasiness with dull pains in the abdomen1 and weariness4 ,the disease1 like diarrhea1 may be either acute or chronic4 ,,the ,,causes of these affections of the bowels are many and varied4 ,they may be brought on by exposure to cold and wet1 or by improper and indigestible articles of food1 such as unripe fruits1 salads1 pastries1 and1 in fact1 anything which interferes with the normal operations of the digestive apparatus4 ,one of the most fertile sources of diarrhea in infants1 and of cholera infantum1 is the administration of unsuitable food1 the ill effects of which are greatly increased by exposure to heat or cold4 ,uncleanliness1 and the inhalation of impure air1 are prolific causes ,of these diseases4 ,epidemics have been supposed to be due to some peculiarity in the condition of the atmosphere1 or to some impalpable germ of a vegetable or animal nature4 ,,treatment4 ,in the treatment of these diseases1 one should first endeavor to ascertain the cause of the trouble1 and then1 if possible1 effect its removal4 ,attention should be given to the hygienic surroundings of the individual afflicted2 if he reside in a miasmatic district1 or in a location in which the atmosphere is contaminated by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter1 or filled with noxious gases1 his abode should be changed4 ,a pure1 dry air is most beneficial in these cases4 ,only the least irritating and most easily digestible articles of food should be taken4 ,healthy cow's milk is slightly alkaline1 but that of cows fed on slops is usually acid1 and unfit for infants4 ,it is1 therefore1 well to test all milk with blue litmus paper before feeding it to young children4 ,if found to be strongly acid1 that is if it turns the paper red1 it should be rejected1 but if only slightly so1 sufficient lime water may be added to render it slightly alkaline4 ,for adults and older children1 the diet should consist of such starchy foods as arrow-root1 sago1 corn starch1 and rice1 and of ripe grapes1 freed from the skins and seeds1 peaches1 and boiled milk1 or milk and lime water4 ,in some cases the animal broths are beneficial1 especially mutton broth4 ,to quench the thirst1 crust coffee1 rice coffee1 and lemonade1 in small quantities1 may be taken4 ,rest is important in these diseases4 ,in severe cases1 the patient should be kept in bed4 ,at the onset of an attack of diarrhea or dysentery1 if there be reason to believe that the intestinal tract contains irritating matter1 a dose of castor oil1 with a few drops of anise oil added to render it palatable1 should be administered4 ,after all irritating ingesta have been removed1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed should be given in doses proportionate to the age of the patient1 and the severity of the case4 ,being composed of the extract of smart-weed1 or water pepper1 ,jamaica ginger1 camphor1 and genuine ,french grape brandy1 it exerts a most wonderful effect not only in those diseases but in cholera morbus and intestinal colic4 ,it allays the irritation and inflammation of the affected mucous surfaces1 and soothes the nervous system4 ,in the great majority of cases1 the above course of treatment will be found sufficient1 but in the more severe forms of these diseases additional remedies may be required4 ,in dysentery1 accompanied with severe pain and straining1 injections of starch water and laudanum1 from two to four ounces of the former to from twenty to fifty drops of the latter should be used4 ,hot fomentations applied to the abdomen are beneficial4 ,if the discharges contain much blood1 a flannel cloth moistened with the spirits of turpentine should be laid over the lower part of the abdomen1 and kept there until slight irritation is produced4 ,lime water1 bicarbonate of soda1 bicarbonate of potash 7saleratus71 chalk1 and the subnitrate of bismuth are valuable agents to correct the secretions1 and allay irritation of the diseased mucous surface4 ,the above-named preparations of soda1 potash1 and bismuth may be taken in doses of from five to twenty grains every few hours4 ,blackberry root and cranesbill 7,geranium ,maculatum71 in the form of fluid extract or infusion1 are beneficial in acute cases in which the discharges are profuse and watery1 and in the chronic forms of these affections4 ,in cholera infantum subnitrate of bismuth should be given in doses of from five to ten grains at intervals of from two to four hours4 ,if the discharges are very profuse1 the fluid extract of cranesbill may be administered in from two to ten-drop doses alternately with the bismuth4 ,the camphorated tincture of opium 7paregoric7 is required in doses of from two to twenty drops1 depending upon the age of the child and the severity of the case1 if there is much pain1 but great caution should be exercised in administering the preparations of opium to children4 ,a single drop of laudanum given to a young infant has caused convulsions1 coma1 and death in more than one instance4 ,to check the vomiting of cholera infantum1 mild irritation over the stomach is sometimes effectual4 ,for this purpose a weak mustard plaster1 or a cloth moistened with turpentine1 may be laid over the stomach for a few minutes at a time4 ,if the child is old enough to suck pellets of ice1 these are beneficial1 or a piece can be wrapped in a cloth and sucked4 ,,colic4 ,colic is a term applied to griping pains in the abdomen1 which are sometimes accompanied with nausea and vomiting4 ,the derangement is recognized in several forms1 some of which we shall briefly describe4 ,,bilious ,,colic4 ,this may be the result of a morbid condition of the liver4 ,,symptoms4 ,it is characterized by severe pain occurring in paroxysms1 which may be relieved by pressure upon the bowels4 ,the pulse is quick1 the tongue coated1 and the skin harsh and dry2 there is headache1 impaired appetite1 acrid taste in the mouth1 thirst1 nausea1 attended with vomiting and general chilliness1 followed by febrile symptoms4 ,,cause4 ,it may be induced by exposure to cold1 in consequence of which the circulation is impeded1 the pores of the skin obstructed1 and all of the vitiated matters having to be expelled through the liver1 stomach1 and intestines4 ,it may also be due to malaria in the atmosphere4 ,it most commonly occurs during the autumn1 after a season of hot weather4 ,,flatulent ,,colic4 ,flatulent or wind colic is one of the results of indigestion4 ,,symptoms4 ,a sense of fullness in the pit of the stomach1 attended with pain1 which is transferred from one part of the bowels to another4 ,there is fever1 a quick pulse1 nausea1 and the presence of gas2 by the latter feature it may be detected from the other forms4 ,,causes4 ,cold or atmospheric changes1 the eating of unripe fruits1 uncooked vegetables and those articles of diet which ferment easily1 are the principle causes4 ,,painter',s ,,colic4 ,this form is also known by various names1 such as colica pictonum1 saturnine1 or lead colic4 ,those persons who are engaged in the manufacture of lead1 and painters1 are the most frequent victims of this affection4 ,,symptoms4 ,impaired appetite1 fetid breath1 thickly coated tongue1 obstinate constipation1 a dry skin1 scanty urine1 languor1 severe pain in the umbilical region1 and general derangement of the functions of the system4 ,,causes4 ,from the term applied to this form1 the cause may be inferred4 ,it is induced by the absorption of lead through the lungs1 stomach1 and skin4 ,,treatment4 ,the indication to be fulfilled in bilious colic is to relieve the intestinal spasm4 ,this may be done by drinking freely of a decoction of yam-root1 or dioscorea villosa1 which is an effectual remedy in this affection4 ,if this be not at hand1 the spasm may be relieved by administering freely of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-,weed4 ,if the stomach be irritable1 a tablespoonful of laudanum and one of tincture of lobelia1 in four ounces of starch water1 administered as an injection1 is effectual4 ,if simple means do not promptly arrest the attack1 no time should be lost in summoning the family physician4 ,in flatulent colic1 the treatment should depend upon the cause4 ,if it be occasioned by cold1 a teaspoonful or two of the ,extract of ,smart-weed1 in warm water or catnip tea1 repeated a few times1 will be sufficient4 ,if it result from overloading the stomach1 a dose of the ,pleasant ,pellets will answer the purpose4 ,if the pain in the abdomen is severe1 apply hot fomentations4 ,assist the action of physic1 by giving an injection of senna and catnip tea1 or if the stomach is very sour1 take internally some mild alkali1 such as common saleratus4 ,in painters' colic1 the following cathartic mixture is an effectual remedy3 sulphate of magnesia 7epsom salts71 twelve ounces2 nitrate of potassa 7saltpeter71 half an ounce2 sulphuric acid1 one drachm2 boiling water1 one quart4 ,of this remedy give a teaspoonful every thirty minutes or every hour1 until the bowels move4 ,an injection of some diaphoretic tea1 or of alum water1 is a good remedy4 ,castor oil and molasses1 containing a teaspoonful of spirits of turpentine1 will add to the efficiency of an injection4 ,if the colic be not promptly relieved1 a physician should be employed4 ,to eliminate the lead from the system1 and thus prevent a return of the colic1 or other injurious effects1 two drachms of iodide of potassium should be added to a bottle of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and a teaspoonful of this taken four times a day4 ,,jaundice4 7,,icterus47 ,this affection is generally regarded as a symptom of disordered liver1 since it frequently occurs during the progress of diseases of that organ4 ,when the disease imparts a greenish tinge to the skin1 it is termed green jaundice1 and1 when it imparts a blackish color1 it is known as black jaundice4 ,jaundice is undoubtedly due to the presence of biliary elements in the blood4 ,,causes4 ,in consequence of the varied conditions from which it arises1 ,professor ,da ,costa has aptly remarked3 ,with the recognition of jaundice1 the difficulty in diagnosis may be said to begin4 ,he considers the causes of jaundice to be 7#a7 diseases of the liver2 7#b7 disease or the bile ducts2 7#c7 diseases remote from the liver1 or general disease leading to a disorder of that viscus2 7#d7 certain causes acting upon the blood4 ,,symptoms4 ,it is characterized by a yellowish color of the skin and of the white of the eyes4 ,the skin is usually dry and harsh2 if it be moist1 the linen will be tinged yellow from the perspiration4 ,the tongue is coated yellow1 the mouth is dry1 and the appetite impaired2 there is headache1 nausea1 and sometimes vomiting2 there is pain in the abdomen after eating1 and in the region of the liver1 and it is also felt in the right shoulder1 and between the shoulder-blades4 ,in severe cases1 there is fever1 accompanied with chills1 despondency and loss of flesh4 ,the stools are generally of a light clay color1 and very offensive2 the urine is thick and yellow4 ,when the disease terminates fatally1 there is delirium followed by stupor4 ,,treatment4 ,the first step should be to eliminate from the system1 as speedily as possible1 all noxious materials4 ,for this purpose1 the spirit-vapor bath should be used4 ,if the urine is scanty or voided with difficulty1 take acetate of potash or queen of the meadow4 ,these may be taken in connection with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,purgative ,pellets1 the efficacy of which has already been described in the treatment of chronic inflammation of the liver4 ,they are indeed valuable agents in this disease1 since they increase the action of all the excretory glands1 and rapidly remove those matters1 which1 if retained1 would poison the system4 ,in some cases1 acids are of great value2 good hard cider or hydrochloric acid and the acid bath are frequently valuable agents4 ,in other cases the employment1 both internally and externally1 of alkalies in addition to the ,golden ,medical ,discovery answers the purpose much better4 ,again1 there are persons who1 in addition to alteratives and baths1 require tonics4 ,in the treatment or this affection1 whatever may be the nature of the case1 the use of alteratives must not be forgotten1 for without them1 the auxiliary treatment with acids1 alkalies1 and tonics1 will not produce the desired effect4 ,the employment of drastic remedies is sometimes resorted to2 but1 although they may give temporary relief1 the patient soon relapses into his former condition1 while if the treatment above given be adopted1 the recovery will be permanent4 ,,gall-,,stones4 7,,biliary ,,calculi47 ,these are concretions found in the gall-bladder or bile duct1 and vary from the size of a pea to that of a hen's egg4 ,there may be no indication of their existence in the gall-bladder until they begin to pass through the duct4 ,,causes4 ,the formation of gall-stones is undoubtedly due to an unhealthy condition of the bile4 ,corpulent persons1 and those indulging in over-stimulating diet1 or in the habitual use of fermented drinks1 are most liable to be troubled by them4 ,,symptoms4 ,the patient is suddenly seized with excruciating pain in the right side4 ,after a time it subsides1 but is again renewed with as great severity as before4 ,there is nausea1 with vomiting1 which is often excessive and severe4 ,the pulse is sometimes slower than is natural1 the extremities are cold1 there is great exhaustion1 together with perspiration and spasmodic contraction of the abdominal muscles4 ,as soon as one stone has passed through the duct into the intestine1 immediate relief is experienced until another commences to pass1 and the larger the concretion1 the greater is the pain4 ,if the stools be washed1 the gall-stones may be seen floating on top of the water4 ,,treatment4 ,this consists chiefly in relieving the patient of pain and vomiting during the passage of the gall-stones4 ,hot fomentations made with stramonium leaves and lobelia1 and applied over the painful parts1 are beneficial4 ,small doses of lobelia may be taken1 but not in sufficient quantities to produce vomiting4 ,doses of opium should also be taken2 this anodyne must1 however1 be used with care4 ,gelseminum is often useful4 ,chloroform1 ether1 or the spirit vapor-bath generally allays the pain4 ,carbonate of soda1 dissolved in water1 often relieves the vomiting4 ,these distressing symptoms are apt to recur until the removal of all the gall-stones is effected4 ,to aid in removing them1 take the ,golden ,medical ,discovery rather freely for a day or two1 and continue its use with lobelia1 in doses sufficiently large to produce nausea1 but not vomiting4 ,from four to eight ounces of sweet oil may be given1 and1 if the bowels do not respond within three hours1 repeat the dose1 and the gall-stones will generally be evacuated4 ,to prevent the formation of these concretions take the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 together with alkaline drinks made with carbonate of soda4 ,tone and energy will thereby be imparted to the liver1 the free flow of bile will be insured and the subsequent formation of gall-stones prevented4 ,,intestinal ,,worms4 ,we have not the space to discuss the numerous theories which have been offered to account for the presence of these parasites in the human body4 ,we shall enumerate the principal species1 describe the symptoms indicating their presence1 and indicate the proper remedies4 ,there are five species of intestinal worms1 sufficiently common to merit a description4 7#a47 ,the round worm1 termed by naturalists1 ascaris lumbricoides1 varies from six inches to a foot in length1 and resembles the common earth-worm4 ,it infests the small intestines1 and seldom migrates into the stomach or large bowel4 ,instances are recorded1 however1 in which it has crept upward in the esophagus1 larynx1 nostrils1 and eustachian tube2 but their presence in these parts is of comparatively rare occurrence1 and is generally caused by some local irritation which compels their migration4 ,the fact that they have been found in the peritoneal sac1 gave rise to the opinion that they perforate the intestine2 but careful observations have proved that they can only escape through openings made by ulcers4 ,this species has been found in adults1 but is more common in children from three to twelve years of age4 ,the number of this species existing in a human body is variable4 ,sometimes only two or three are found4 ,at other times a hundred1 and even twice that number1 are voided in a few days4 7#b47 ,the ascaris vermicularis1 thread1 pin1 or seat-worm1 is round1 very slender1 and about half an inch in length4 ,the habitation of this species is the rectum1 and they are often found matted together in the excrement4 ,they are very active1 even after ejection1 and have been known to cause great local irritation by entering the vagina and urethra4 ,their presence is an occasional cause of masturbation4 ,it is impossible to estimate the number of these parasites that may exist in the human rectum4 ,great numbers1 sometimes1 are voided at a single evacuation4 7#c47 ,the tricocephalus dispar is a third variety of the round worm1 and is said to infest the bodies of almost every species of mammalia4 ,as its name indicates1 the upper portion of its body is slender1 hair-like1 and terminates at the lower extremity in a thick1 spiral portion4 ,it is from one to two inches in length1 and is found attached by its head to the mucous membrane of the ccum1 and1 in rare instances1 in the colon and small intestine4 ,they are rarely numerous4 ,tceni or tape-worms1 are hermaphrodites1 of a flat1 ribbon-like form1 and are composed of numerous segments1 each of which is provided with a complete set of generative organs1 and contains ova for the production of thousands of individuals4 ,some authors have supposed that each segment1 or joint1 is a distinct individual1 but the existence of one head for the whole precludes this theory4 ,there are two species of tni developed in the human intestine2 the tnia solium and the tnia lata4 7#d47 ,the tnia solium is the species commonly found in ,america and all the countries of ,europe1 except ,france1 ,russia1 and ,switzerland4 ,in ,france1 both species are found1 but the tnia lata seems to be indigenous to ,russia and ,switzerland4 ,the tnia solium varies in length from four or five to thirty1 thirty-five1 or even forty feet4 ,the head is hemispherical and armed with a double row of twenty or thirty hooklets4 ,the genital organs are alternate and placed upon the outer edges of each segment4 ,it inhabits the small intestine1 and is usually solitary4 7#e47 ,the tnia lata1 or broad tape-worm1 is distinguished by the greater breadth of its segments1 and the location of the genital organs1 which are found in the centre of each segment4 ,its small elongated head is unarmed1 and has a longitudinal fissure on each side4 ,it usually attains a greater length than the tnia solium4 ,,symptoms4 ,the symptoms which the long worms occasion1 are frequently somewhat obscure4 ,thirst1 irregular appetite1 colicky pains1 excessive flow of saliva1 enlargement of the abdomen1 itching of the nose1 pallor of the face1 offensive breath1 disturbed sleep1 and grinding of the teeth1 all are common symptoms4 ,occasionally1 convulsions and other nervous affections are produced by the presence of the ascaris lumbricoides1 but generally they produce less constitutional disturbance than the other varieties4 ,the passage of this species of worms from the bowels1 or their ejection from the stomach1 is the only positive evidence of their presence4 ,the ascaris vermicularis1 thread1 pin1 or seat-worm1 gives rise to most of the symptoms produced by the long worms1 but in addition produces intense itching at the anus1 and1 not unfrequently1 an eruption upon that part4 ,the itching is particularly distressing at night4 ,when the little sufferer is well covered1 the warmth occasioned by the bed-clothes causes these little parasites to crawl out upon the anus1 and produces such paroxysms of itching and pain as to cause the child to kick the covering oft and lie naked4 ,the persistent manifestations of a disposition to lie naked1 should excite the parents' suspicions of seat-worms1 and lead them to investigate all the symptoms4 ,by examining the child's stools the worms may he found adhering to the feces1 and they may also be seen on the anus4 ,thousands of children suffer untold agony from these little seat-worms1 which are left unmolested to torment them1 because the parents are unfamiliar with the meaning of the symptoms manifested1 and therefore pay no heed to them4 ,we have been thus particular in describing the symptoms indicating the presence of these pestiferous parasites1 in order that they may be readily detected4 ,the ,symptoms produced by the tape-worm are dizziness1 ringing in the ears1 increased secretion of saliva1 indigestion1 ravenous appetite1 sharp abdominal pains1 and emaciation4 ,the only positive sign of the presence of these parasites1 is the passage of pieces of them in the feces4 ,the nervous and other symptoms produced by the ordinary long worms are also caused by the tape-worm4 ,,causes4 ,careful observations have proved that there are certain causes which favor the generation or development of intestinal worms4 ,among others1 we may mention fatty or farinaceous articles of food1 gormandizing1 constant exposure to a moist atmosphere1 and sedentary habits4 ,it is now generally conceded that the development of tape-worms is due to the swallowing of an egg or germ-cell1 which is contained in many kinds of animal food1 and which the process of cooking has failed to destroy4 ,people living near low marshes1 lakes1 or the seacoast1 are liable to tni4 ,,treatment4 ,the expulsion of the ascaris lumbricoides may be very easily and pleasantly effected4 ,santonin is an effectual remedy for this variety of worms4 ,for a child three years old1 take santonin1 six grains2 podophyllin1 one grain2 white sugar1 thirty grains2 mix1 triturate1 and divide into twelve powders1 and give one every three or four hours1 until they act upon the bowels2 or take santonin1 ten grains2 white sugar1 twenty grains2 mix1 triturate1 and divide into ten powders1 and give one every night at bed-time1 and after giving two or three in this way1 administer a mild cathartic4 ,as santonin is almost entirely tasteless1 if not combined with other medicines which are unpalatable1 no difficulty will be experienced in administering it to children4 ,by reference to the article on anthelmintics in this volume1 other valuable vermifuges may be selected1 and directions found for their employment4 ,in the removal of thread or pin-worms1 anthelmintic medicines taken into the stomach are of little or no value4 ,an injection of a strong solution of salt1 is a very efficient remedy4 ,a teaspoonful of turpentine in half a pint of milk makes a good injection4 ,strong coffee has been recommended as an injection4 ,the anus should be well anointed with vaseline1 lard1 oil1 or fresh butter1 after each movement of the bowels4 ,whatever injection or remedy is used1 it should be followed by the application of some ointment to the anus1 otherwise they will continue to deposit their eggs about that orifice and multiply there4 ,various remedies have been used to destroy tape-worms4 ,among others we may mention the old and time-honored remedy1 which consists of two or three ounces of the oil of turpentine1 taken in castor oil or some aromatic tincture4 ,a decoction made by boiling two or three ounces of freshly powdered pomegranate bark in a pint of water was used by the ancients1 and is now highly recommended as a remedy4 ,some ,american physicians have used an emulsion of pumpkin seeds with marked success4 ,twenty or thirty grains of the extract of male fern1 followed by a cathartic is highly recommended for the destruction and removal of tni4 ,,trichina ,,spiralis4 ,in #ahce1 ,owen discovered a peculiar parasite1 which sometimes infests the human body1 and is termed the trichina spiralis4 ,the presence of these parasites has given rise to morbid conditions of the system1 followed by the most serious results4 ,they are developed in the alimentary canal1 and then perforate its tissues and enter the muscles4 ,twelve trichin have been found in a section of human muscle only one-twelfth of an inch square and one-fifth of an inch in thickness4 ,the early symptoms of trichin are very uncertain1 being the same as those of some other disease4 ,the patient complains of severe pain in the abdomen and is troubled with diarrhea4 ,when the trichin pass into the muscles1 they occasion great suffering4 ,there are sharp pains in the muscles1 the perspiration is profuse1 and the patient becomes exhausted4 ,,cause4 ,nearly every case of trichin1 which has been brought to the notice of the profession1 has been attributed to the eating of raw or improperly cooked pork4 ,the parasites can only be detected with a microscope4 ,,treatment4 ,the impossibility of removing the trichin after they have passed into the muscles is apparent2 and1 as yet1 no special remedy has been recommended to remove them from the alimentary canal4 ,the only safety lies in prevention4 ,hence raw or imperfectly cooked pork should never be eaten4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dyspepsia4 ,it is generally conceded that a multitude of human ailments arise from indigestion1 and in its various forms it taxes the skill of the physician to prescribe the proper remedies4 ,it is undeniable that the closest intimacy exists between happiness and good digestion4 ,a healthy digestion aids materially in making a cheerful disposition1 and the feast of reason and flow of soul is due as much to the functional integrity of the stomach as to a strong and generous mental organization4 ,dr4 ,johnson severely said3 ,every man is a rascal as soon as he is sick4 ,we all know that a morbid condition irritates the individual and excites sarcastic and disagreeable remarks4 ,and1 likewise1 an irritable temper and1 suddenly aroused passions may not only turn and disturb the stomach1 but even poison the secretions4 ,anxiety1 excitability1 fear1 and irritability frequently cause the perversion of physiological processes4 ,the slightest functional disturbance of the stomach deranges1 more or less1 all the succeeding operations of digestion and tends to the vitiation and impairment of the delicate processes of nutrition4 ,dyspepsia may commence and proceed so insidiously as not to excite the suspicion of friends1 although the patient generally desires active treatment1 such as cathartics1 emetics1 and medicines to act upon the liver4 ,when the disease becomes confirmed1 it presents some of the following symptoms3 ,weight1 uneasiness1 and fullness in the region of the stomach1 attended by impatience1 irritability1 sluggishness1 anxiety1 and melancholy2 there is impairment of the appetite and taste1 also sourness1 flatulency1 and1 perhaps1 frequent attacks of colic1 loss of hope1 courage1 and energy2 apathy1 drowsiness1 and frightful dreams are also symptoms common in the different stages of this disease4 ,there are1 furthermore1 the accompanying symptoms of a coated tongue1 bitter taste in the mouth1 unpleasant eructations1 scalding of the throat from regurgitation1 offensive breath1 sick headache1 giddiness1 disturbed sleep1 sallow countenance1 heart-burn1 morbid craving after food1 constant anxiety and apprehension1 fancied impotency1 and fickleness4 ,the subjects of dyspepsia frequently imagine that they require medicines to act upon the liver1 desire active treatment1 are endlessly experimenting in diet1 daily rehearse their symptoms1 and are morbidly sensitive4 ,,causes4 ,overtasking the body or mind1 overloading the stomach1 the use of improper food1 such as stale vegetables and meat1 unripe fruits1 indigestible articles1 improperly prepared food1 irregular meals1 disorderly habits1 the use of alcoholic stimulants1 loss of sleep1 masturbation irritability of temper1 anxiety1 or grief may all give rise to indigestion4 ,if the functions performed by the skin are embarrassed by cold1 tight clothing1 or lack of cleanliness1 the nutritive changes cannot properly take place throughout the body1 and consequently the digestive functions are embarrassed1 as the revolutions of a water-wheel are impeded by the backset of the water4 ,when food is not thoroughly masticated1 it is not properly mixed with saliva of the glands of the mouth1 and is not prepared for digestion by the acids of the stomach4 ,whatever diminishes the general strength1 impairs the health1 or encroaches upon the functions of life1 also hinders the perfect solution of food and disturbs in a measure the function of digestion4 ,whatever diminishes the normal amount of the digestive secretions or perverts their quality1 deteriorating their solvent properties1 is a cause of dyspepsia4 ,this should be borne in mind in selecting remedies4 ,,treatment4 ,the hygienic treatment consists in the regulation of the daily habits1 proper selection and preparation of the food1 cultivation of cheerfulness1 diversion of the mind1 and cleanliness of person4 ,we cannot give particular directions as to the kind of diet1 as there are no established rules for guidance4 ,generally1 a dyspeptic knows best1 from experience1 what articles of diet can be taken with the least injury4 ,the directions applicable to the condition of one patient1 are not suited to those of another4 ,in dyspepsia1 animal food is1 as a rule1 preferable4 ,foods rich in starchy matter often ferment and produce distress4 ,sometimes alkalies may be given with beneficial effect1 when there seems to be an excess of acid in the gastric secretions4 ,in some cases1 the digestive fluids are weak and fermentation results1 giving rise to flatulency and belching4 ,an antiseptic1 which may be prepared by mixing a teaspoonful of hydrochloric acid with four ounces of water1 of which a teaspoonful may be taken after each meal1 will prove beneficial to check the fermentation and aid digestion4 ,the addition of one or two drops of a mixture of one part of carbolic acid and six of glycerine1 to the above solution of hydrochloric acid improves its antiseptic properties4 ,or1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery will stop undue fermentation1 and from its tonic and invigorating effect upon the lining membranes of the stomach will generally overcome the indigestion4 ,some people are afraid to take it1 when suffering from indigestion1 because it has a sweet taste4 ,but the sweet is not saccharine1 or sugar sweet1 but an entirely different sweet principle which prevents fermentation instead of promoting it4 ,acidity of the stomach and the attendant irritation may be allayed by the following mixture3 ,calcined magnesia1 one drachm2 refined sugar1 one drachm2 subnitrate of bismuth1 one-half drachm2 oil of cajeput1 ten drops4 ,the dose is half a teaspoonful an hour after every meal4 ,any dispensing druggist can put it up4 ,it is frequently difficult to prevent the patient from over-distending the stomach1 and thus impairing the tone of the muscular coats and prolonging the process of digestion4 ,in consequence of debility1 over-exertion1 anxiety1 or chronic inflammation of the stomach1 there is not a proper secretion1 in quantity or quality1 of digestive solvents1 and it matters not whether it be a deficiency of the fluids of the stomach1 or of the intestines1 or of the pancreas and liver1 the result is indigestion4 ,the question of what important agent is lacking1 naturally presents itself to the physician4 ,is it pepsin1 the active principle of the gastric juice1 which converts proteids into peptone1 that is wanting1 or is there a deficiency of pancreatin8 ,of course the principle which is lacking should be supplied2 but has the physician the remedial agents properly prepared1 and ready for prescribing8 ,the specialist1 having more cases of dyspepsia to treat than the general practitioner1 is more likely to have the latest and most approved remedies applicable to loss of appetite1 indigestion1 impoverished blood1 imperfect assimilation1 and all diseases arising from faulty nutrition4 ,in ordinary practice1 the physician's time is divided in his consideration of acute1 chronic1 surgical1 and obstetrical cases2 in fact1 much of it is occupied in riding to reach his patients4 ,his attention is continually diverted from one class of cases to another1 effectually preventing investigation in any particular direction4 ,his patronage does not warrant him in the outlay of time required for the investigation of particular diseases1 and the expense necessary to obtain the latest and best remedial agents for their treatment4 ,in the multiplicity of his cares and arduous duties by night and by day1 obstinate chronic cases become an annoyance to him1 and whenever he can be otherwise professionally employed1 he avoids them1 disliking to undertake their treatment4 ,with plenty of time for scientific investigation1 ample facilities to meet the demands upon his skill1 and each succeeding case presenting some new phase1 the treatment becomes a matter of absorbing interest to the specialist1 and each success inspires greater confidence4 ,we not only use in the treatment of indigestion1 solvent remedies1 like pepsin1 which act only upon proteids1 but also other remedies of recent discovery1 which exert a remarkable curative influence in diseases of the digestive organs4 ,the chemistry of digestion and of life is becoming better understood4 ,any of the free acids may serve to dissolve a precipitated phosphate2 but it is only the investigating therapeutist and experienced practitioner who understands which of them is the most and which is the least efficacious4 ,alkalies may dissolve lithic deposits1 but who1 unless he be an experienced physician1 can detect the fault of nutrition which leads to their formation1 or rightly interpret the symptoms indicating it8 ,these simple illustrations of the complications which attend dyspepsia1 are mentioned merely to show that they must be anticipated and taken into account in the treatment4 ,the number of cases of dyspeptic invalids treated by the staff of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute within file past few years1 is so large as scarcely to be credited by those unacquainted with the prevalence of this disease4 ,for this reason we have taken unusual pains to investigate the causes of the disease1 and have spared no expense to provide the most approved digestive solvents1 and stomachic tonics1 which invigorate the mucous membrane of the stomach1 and materially assist in reducing the food to a liquid condition4 ,some of these1 without being purgative1 increase the activity of the liver1 and stimulate the intestinal secretions1 two very important indications which should be fulfilled by remedies which cause no real depression4 ,the recent important discoveries made in obtaining the active principles from indigenous plants1 has opened the way to the use of a few of the most important of these remedial agents1 hitherto almost wholly unknown to the medical profession1 and the encouraging results attending our practice have amply repaid us for the investigation and originality in our treatment of this affection4 ,a careful chemical and microscopical examination of the urine often discloses the actual morbid conditions which perpetuate this functional disease4 ,,chronic ,,diarrhea4 ,on account of the frequency and importance of chronic diarrhea1 we deem it worthy of special consideration4 ,it is frequently the sequel of the acute form of the affection4 ,the urgent and severe symptoms of acute diarrhea are often abated1 but the disease is not completely cured4 ,the bowels are left in an irritable condition1 perhaps in a state of chronic ulceration1 which perpetuates morbid discharges4 ,the most noticeable symptom is the tendency to frequent and unhealthy discharges from the intestines4 ,the evacuated matter varies much in appearance and character in different cases4 ,the precise location of the morbid conditions which give rise to the discharges1 as well as to their extent1 modifies the color1 consistency1 and ingredients of the stools4 ,most frequently they are dark colored and of very offensive odor4 ,they are of a more liquid character than is natural1 except when1 as is sometimes the case1 periods of constipation alternate with periods of unnatural looseness4 ,tormina1 or griping1 is usually present1 but not so severe as in the acute affection4 ,tenesmus1 or straining1 often accompanies it4 ,the appetite is impaired1 there is general debility1 and the patient is nervous and irritable4 ,the complexion becomes sallow1 the skin dry and rough1 the tongue dark colored1 and the body emaciated4 ,the affection may be the sequel of neglected or badly treated acute diarrhea1 may arise from the injudicious use of powerful purgative medicines1 may result from dissipation1 unwholesome food1 bad air1 absence of light1 long continued exposure to dampness and cold1 overwork1 and extreme mental anxiety4 ,sometimes it is associated with other diseases1 such as ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 scurvy1 or some of the various forms of scrofulous disease4 ,the more prominent symptoms are so apparent and so characteristic that the most unskilled may be able to decide whether the patient has chronic diarrhea2 but to determine in what portion of the intestinal canal the affection is chiefly seated1 to decide upon the extent of its ravages1 to ascertain what peculiar shade or type the affection has taken on1 to investigate its complications and modifications1 to ferret out its producing or aggravating causes1 and above all1 to nicely and skillfully adjust remedies to meet the depraved conditions1 is by no means an easy task1 even for the educated and experienced physician4 ,it should be borne in mind that this is a dangerous malady1 and one which should not be trifled with or neglected4 ,its tendency is to corrode and destroy the bowels1 a process which if unchecked1 must sooner or latter result in death4 ,there is little tendency to spontaneous recovery1 nor is a removal of the exciting cause often followed by recovery4 ,the disease becomes so firmly seated1 and the powers of life so debilitated1 that nature cannot rally4 ,,treatment4 ,a warm1 salt bath1 several times a week1 taken at bed-time1 is beneficial4 ,flannel should be worn next to the skin1 and the sleeping-room should be warm and well ventilated4 ,as will be seen from testimonials hereinafter inserted1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery has achieved great success in curing chronic diarrhea4 ,its use should be persisted in for a considerable time to strengthen and tone up the bowels4 ,to relieve the discharges1 take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart ,weed1 as needed from time to time4 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,liver4 7,,chronic ,,hepatitis47 ,this is what is ordinarily termed liver complaint1 torpid liver1 and bilious disorder4 ,under this head may be considered all those chronic affections known as congestion1 induration1 and enlargement of the liver1 and which result in deficient action1 functional derangement1 morbid secretion of bile1 and various chronic affections4 ,,symptoms4 ,owing to the liability of other organs to become diseased during the progress of chronic affections of the liver1 great precision in diagnosis is required to determine1 by the symptoms1 the organ which is primarily diseased and those secondarily affected4 ,this requires not only familiarity with the signs of a complicated disease1 but also thorough anatomical knowledge of the diseased organ1 of the morbid changes which occur in its structure1 and their influence on its own functions1 as well as on those of other organs4 ,the symptoms may differ according to the circumstances1 temperament1 sex1 age1 or constitution of the individual1 and the complications of the disease4 ,the local indications are fullness of the right side1 thus denoting congestion of the liver2 a dull1 heavy pain1 which is increased by pressure or by lying on the left side2 a sense of fullness1 weight1 and oppression about the stomach2 an aching in the right shoulder-blade2 a dull1 disagreeable pain in the shoulder-joint1 which may extend down the arm1 and which is sometimes felt in the wrist and joints of the hand ,not unfrequently the complexion becomes pale and sallow1 and there is puffiness under the eye1 headache1 a bitter taste in the mouth1 tongue coated white or covered with a brown fur1 and hardness of the gums2 there is frequent sighing1 a hacking cough1 fever1 restlessness1 and loss of sleep2 sometimes an unnatural1 greasy appearance of the skin1 at others1 it is dry and harsh1 has scaly or branny eruptions1 pimples1 dark blotches1 and troublesome itching4 ,the urine is frequently scanty and high-colored1 but variable as to quantity and appearance2 it often produces a scalding sensation when voided1 and1 if allowed to stand1 deposits a sediment which sometimes contains albumen4 ,the pulse is very slow1 particularly when the elements of the bile are not eliminated from the blood4 ,the pulsations of the heart are easily quickened1 and palpitation is excited if the subject be low and anmic4 ,there is depression of spirits1 and a decided tendency to be discouraged and despondent4 ,the functional powers of the stomach are impaired2 there is loss of appetite1 or it becomes capricious2 uneasiness is felt in the region of the stomach1 oppression1 sometimes nausea and water-brash1 or there is indigestion1 flatulency1 and acid eructations2 the bowels become irregular1 usually constipated1 and occasionally subject to obstinate diarrhea attended with colicky pains2 the stools are of a light clay color1 sometimes hard and dark1 again thin and very offensive1 and occasionally green or black4 ,as the disease progresses1 during the day the circulation is sluggish1 the feet and hands are cold1 but at night the pulse is accelerated1 and a burning sensation is felt in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet4 ,the foregoing symptoms are not all present in one case1 nor are any two cases alike in every respect4 ,they vary according to the organs most implicated in the hepatic derangement4 ,thus1 when chronic inflammation of the liver is associated with heart disease1 the subject may have palpitation1 excessive or defective action of the heart1 attended with more or less pain and shortness of breath4 ,if the lungs be specially influenced1 then1 in addition to the ordinary hepatic symptoms1 there may be a dry cough1 asthma1 hurried respiration1 bronchitis1 hoarseness1 and pain in the chest4 ,if the stomach be the sympathizing organ1 the tongue is coated white or brown1 there is nausea1 loss of appetite1 flatulency1 acidity1 dyspepsia1 fullness1 and oppression1 amounting1 sometimes1 to pain in the stomach after taking food2 the food ferments and gives rise to eructations and various other manifestations of disorder4 ,if the bowels are morbidly influenced by this affection1 there is constipation or diarrhea1 griping pain1 distension of the abdomen1 piles1 and pain just within the points of the hips1 thus indicating irritation of ,the colon4 ,if the brain or nervous system sensitively responds1 there is headache1 dizziness1 disturbed sleep1 depression of spirits1 peevishness1 capriciousness1 lack of energy1 irritability1 and congestive symptoms4 ,when the skin is involved the surface is dry1 harsh1 and scaly1 displaying dark moth-spots1 blotches1 or numerous little sores1 and the countenance has a dull1 tawny look4 ,if the kidneys be disturbed by it1 there may be pain and a sensation of weight in the back1 while the urine may be scanty and high-colored1 or abundant1 pale1 and limpid1 frequently charged with sedimentary products of disease1 and voided with difficulty4 ,if the womb be implicated in this chronic affection1 the menstrual function may be deranged1 and result in an excessive or a deficient monthly flow1 and be followed by profuse leucorrhea4 ,the preceding allusion to the complications of chronic inflammation of the liver shows the necessity of clearly distinguishing between the symptoms of this disorder and those reflected by the organs which sympathetically respond4 ,to discriminate more effectually1 and place the correctness of the diagnosis beyond doubt1 we make a chemical and microscopical examination of the urine1 and thereby detect the morbid products which it contains1 and direct our attention to the diseased organs furnishing them4 ,these examinations together with a complete history of the case1 enable us to make a correct and definite diagnosis of the disease1 and the extent to which it has affected the other organs4 ,before entering upon the consideration of treatment1 let us briefly enumerate the functions of the liver3 ,first1 it removes matter1 which1 if allowed to remain in the blood1 would become noxious and unfit it for the further support of the body4 ,secondly1 by secreting bile1 it furnishes to the digestive organs a fluid which assists in converting the food into chyle1 stimulates the intestine to action1 and then is itself transformed and absorbed with the chylous products1 after which it circulates with the blood and assists in nutrition until1 becoming injurious and pernicious1 it is re-secreted and re-elaborated to serve again1 as described4 ,for its growth and nourishment1 the liver is furnished with blood by the hepatic artery2 but for the purpose of secretion and depuration1 it is abundantly supplied with venous blood by the portal system1 which is made up of veins from the spleen1 stomach1 pancreas1 and intestines4 ,this impure1 venous blood1 surcharged with biliary elements1 which must be withdrawn from it1 is freely poured into the minute network of this glandular organ4 ,in a healthy condition of the liver1 the carbonaceous elements of the blood are converted into sugar1 and the constituents of the bile are liberated by the liver1 and set apart for further duties4 ,when it fails to eliminate these noxious elements from the blood1 it is itself thoroughly vitiated by them4 ,,treatment4 ,food must be rich in carbon in order that it may build up the tissues and keep the body warm1 but carbonic acid1 the result of the combustion1 must be removed from the blood1 or death will ensue4 ,so bile is necessary to digestion1 nutrition1 and life2 yet1 if it be not separated from the blood by the secreting action of the liver1 it will as surely poison the system and destroy life as carbonic acid4 ,although the constituents of the bile exist in the blood1 they must be removed in order that the blood may be rendered more fit to support the body1 while the secreted bile is destined to assist in digestion1 and the mysterious process of nutrition4 ,therefore1 we should induce a secretion of bile1 and restore the normal activity of the liver4 ,this should be done1 not by administering stimulants1 but by relieving it of all contingent embarrassments as far as possible4 ,would any one think of giving to a weak1 debilitated man large portions of brandy to enable him to work8 ,does not every one know that1 when the unnatural stimulus is removed1 he fails8 ,apply this principle in the treatment of the liver4 ,when harsh1 unnatural stimulants and bile-driving medicines are administered for a time and then withheld1 the liver relapses into a more torpid and debilitated condition than before treatment was begun4 ,is not this true of nine-tenths of all who suffer from this malady1 and have recourse to this class of remedies8 ,then how can we remedially fulfill the preceding indications8 ,we answer in the language of a distinguished author and standard medical writer1 by using a class of agents which should never be overlooked in the treatment of long-standing liver diseases1 chiefly addressed to the blood and denominated 'alteratives4' ,alteratives1 tonics1 and restorative catalytics are required not only in diseases of the liver1 but in a large number of ailments in which the blood becomes charged with morbid materials4 ,the active remedial properties of the most efficient agents of the above classes of medicine now known1 are scientifically combined in the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which acts especially upon the blood1 and hence influences the system generally4 ,it is also powerful in eliminating those morbid humors which are afterwards subjected to excretion through various organs4 ,its action is radically different from most medicines employed in chronic diseases1 for the reason1 that what is usually prescribed1 is something corrosive4 ,unless the disease be temporary1 it may return with increased violence4 ,we have been very minute in the description of the remedial properties of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and have relied upon the reason and intelligence of our patrons1 believing that they can1 in a degree1 understand why we deem it so applicable to the system4 ,it does not debilitate the liver by over-stimulation1 nor irritate the stomach and bowels by disturbing the delicate processes of digestion1 neither does it act with severity upon the blood1 but it operates so gently1 insensibly1 and yet with so much certainty1 that it excites the surprise and admiration of the patient4 ,from the careful detail of its various properties1 there is abundant reason for its favorable action upon all of the excretory organs1 which co-operate in the removal of morbid materials from the system4 ,if1 however1 the bowels are unusually sluggish or obstinately constipated1 it is advisable1 in conjunction with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 to use the ,pleasant ,pellets1 which are also powerfully alterative1 besides being mild and unirritating in their operation4 ,they are the natural assistants of the ,discovery1 working harmoniously together4 ,they should be taken in small doses1 and their use perseveringly followed1 until the bowels are properly regulated by the use of the ,discovery alone4 ,it has been customary to resort to powerful drastic cathartics1 followed by bitters prepared in dilute alcohol4 ,the habit is unscientific1 for it is well known that alcohol deranges the functions of the digestive organs and depraves the blood1 besides creating a morbid appetite4 ,it has been repeatedly demonstrated that the use of such bitters has led to a life of drunkenness1 with all the woe and untold misery which attend it4 ,medicines to be strictly remedial1 should exert a tonic influence upon all the vital processes4 ,those organs which are contiguous to the liver1 or connected by sympathy with it1 should be assisted in the performance of their functions4 ,persons who are habitually subject to bilious attacks are pleased to find that the use of the ,discovery and ,pellets furnishes immunity from such onsets1 and prevents their usual recurrence4 ,thus these remedies are preventive as well as curative4 ,what we have thus far recommended for the treatment of this chronic affection is within the reach of every family4 ,patients laboring under this disease1 when complicated with other affections1 require special consideration and treatment1 and all such are counseled to employ only those physicians whose experience and success entitle them to confidence4 ,health is one of the greatest of blessings1 and how to restore it when lost1 is a question of vital importance4 ,having successfully treated thousands of invalids who have suffered from this chronic affection1 we possess abundant evidence of the curability of the disease1 but we have only space to publish a few letters from persons who have been under our care1 or who have used our medicines1 purchased from druggists4 ,,constipation4 7,,costiveness47 ,health depends very largely upon the regularity of the bowels4 ,there should be proper alvine evacuations every day4 ,there are few persons who have not suffered at some period of their lives from constipation of the bowels4 ,inattentive to the calls of nature1 or a neglect to regularly attend to this important duty1 sooner or later1 produces disastrous results4 ,furthermore1 it is essential to the comfort of every individual1 for1 when this function is not performed1 there is derangement of the mental as well as of the bodily organs4 ,constipation1 or costiveness1 as it is sometimes termed1 is a functional derangement of the large intestine4 ,this intestine is about five feet in length1 and consists of the ccum1 colon1 and rectum4 ,it serves as a temporary reservoir for the excrementitial residue of alimentary matter1 and for the effete materials excreted by the glands contained in its mucous coats4 ,it is distinguished as the large intestine1 because of its great size4 ,habitual constipation produces many derangements1 resulting from sympathy1 irritation1 or mechanical obstruction4 ,by referring to ,figs4 #d and #i1 the reader may observe the anatomical relations which the large intestine sustains to the other abdominal organs4 ,the ascending colon arises in the ccum 7,fig4 #d71 at the lower part of the abdomen1 and passes over the kidney on the right side1 where it begins a circuitous route around the abdominal cavity1 comes in contact with the inferior surface of the liver1 proceeds behind and below the large curvature of the stomach1 emerges on the left side1 and passes downward in front of the left kidney1 where it dips into the pelvic cavity1 and ends in the rectum4 ,if fecal matters are retained until they are decomposed1 great injury follows1 since the fluid portions are absorbed1 conveyed into the blood1 and1 of necessity1 corrupt it with their impurities4 ,in this way1 constipation may be the source of general derangement1 but such disorder is seldom attributed to the torpid state of this intestine4 ,there is little doubt but that it thereby imposes a great tax upon the functions of the liver1 and1 frequently1 the fault is attributed to that organ instead of the large intestine4 ,sometimes the blood becomes so charged with fecal matter that its odor can be detected in the breath of the subject4 ,an overloaded condition of the large intestine may cause inflammation of the liver or dropsy of the abdomen4 ,when the colon is distended1 it becomes a mechanical impediment to the free circulation of the blood in other organs1 and causes congestion of the portal system1 predisposing to chronic inflammation or cirrhosis of the liver4 ,this latter is a structural affection1 and may1 in turn1 give rise to abdominal dropsy4 ,in a word1 the accumulation of feces in the colon irritates both the large and small intestines1 thus causing congestion of the bowels1 liver1 or stomach4 ,the protracted presence of feculent matter deadens the sensibility of the intestine1 so that great stimulation is required to provoke it to action4 ,the contents become dry1 solid1 knotty1 and hard1 and very difficult to evacuate4 ,if drastic1 irritating physic be taken1 only temporary relief is afforded1 and it must be repeatedly resorted to1 and the dose increased1 to obtain the desired effect4 ,,symptoms4 ,one diagnostic symptom of a loaded state of the colon1 is an abundant secretion of urine1 as limpid as water4 ,the direct symptoms relate to the hardness of the feces and the great difficulty of voiding them4 ,the influence of constipation upon the functions of the liver1 is indicated by the sympathy displayed between that organ and the mind4 ,the patient manifests apprehension1 mental depression1 taciturnity1 and melancholy1 all indicative of hypochondriac dejection1 induced by constipation4 ,we have treated patients1 who1 from this cause1 had renounced their bright hopes1 lost their buoyant spirits1 and1 becoming subject to superstitious fears1 had given themselves up1 night and day1 to devotions and penance4 ,it often happens that the victims of this deep dejection and morbid feeling of self-abasement1 are persons not only of good moral character1 but of high religious attainments1 and their painful exhibitions of fear1 distrust1 and gloom1 originate in physical rather than in spiritual causes4 ,it is interesting to witness this strange perversion of the imagination1 this morbid debasement of the religious faculties1 and dejection of mind1 due to causes disturbing the functions of the liver and other vital organs4 ,young girls1 as they approach the age of puberty1 seem possessed with the idea that the unfrequent action of the bowels is a desirable habit4 ,they do not associate with the duty a proper regard for health1 but consider it as an inelegant and repugnant practice4 ,the consequence is1 that at this susceptible period1 constipation1 induced by neglect1 arouses a latent hepatic or pulmonary disease which has been lurking in the system4 ,how many girls illustrate the truth of this statement by their complaints of dizziness1 throbbing pain in the forehead and temples1 flushing of the face1 transient flushes of heat over the body1 while at the same time the extremities are cold4 ,at other times1 they manifest the evils of such a course by their stupor1 drowsiness1 and deep sleep1 although upon arising in the morning1 they are still tired and unrefreshed4 ,the constipated condition of the bowels1 often leads to congestion of the uterus and leucorrhea1 followed by uterine debility1 prolapsus1 excessive menstruation1 anteversion or retroversion of that organ4 ,the infrequency of the habit1 incorrectly supposed to be desirable by a young woman1 becomes nearly1 if not quite disastrous to all her desires and bright prospects4 ,complications arise1 and neither the inexperienced girl nor her solicitous and afflicted parents know where to look for remedial aid4 ,if they seek an asylum from these sufferings1 they find many private institutions1 where flattering expectations of speedy recovery are aroused4 ,at such institutions1 these uterine disorders are generally treated merely as local diseases1 while the causes are overlooked1 and1 consequently1 a permanent cure is not effected4 ,having spent nearly all the money at her command1 the patient returns home utterly disheartened4 ,after such failures1 many of these unfortunate individuals have applied to us and received treatment1 and by persistently following our directions1 have in due time been restored to health1 amid all the comforts of home1 and among friends1 who rejoiced with them in the unexpectedly favorable turn of affairs1 accomplished at a comparatively trifling expense4 ,we have seen infants1 and also young children1 in whom constipation was obstinate4 ,it therefore seems that it is often hereditary4 ,in some persons1 this affection continues from childhood1 with but little variation1 until bleeding pile tumors are developed4 ,habitual constipation of the bowels for a long period of years will generate a class of diseases1 which are often very serious in their results4 ,,causes4 ,we have already alluded to a sense of false modesty which prevents a response to the calls of nature1 and we may mention other reasons1 equally trifling1 which deter many from fulfilling its demands4 ,some are in the habit of temporarily postponing their visits to the water closet1 until1 when they do go1 they find themselves unable to evacuate the bowels4 ,sometimes the closet is a damp1 uncomfortable out-house1 situated at a distance from the dwelling1 or the access is too public1 and1 hence1 there is an unwillingness to visit it at the proper time4 ,some appear to be too indolent to attend to this duty4 ,others are too energetic1 and think they cannot take the time1 until they have finished some self-imposed task or attended to a pressing engagement4 ,inactive life and sedentary occupations are also causes of constipation4 ,active exercise promotes all the bodily functions1 and helps to regulate the bowels4 ,those who are engaged in literary pursuits1 find that mental occupation determines the blood to the brain1 thus drawing it from the extremities2 the temperature falls below the natural standard1 and there is almost invariably congestion of the bowels4 ,the inmates of boarding-schools1 factory girls1 seamstresses1 milliners1 employs in manufacturing establishments1 and all who sit and toil almost unremittingly twelve hours in the day1 do not get sufficient exercise of all the muscles of the body1 and are often troubled with obstinate constipation4 ,food prepared according to the modern modes of cookery1 is one of the causes which favors the developement of this derangement4 ,people live too exclusively upon bolted wheat flour4 ,the branny portion of a kernel of wheat consists of various nutritive elements1 with more than five times the amount of phosphate of lime contained in fine bolted flour4 ,those who daily use boiled cracked wheat are not troubled by constipation4 ,there is no dryness or hardness of the feces1 and the bowels are evacuated without discomfort4 ,,treatment4 ,prevention is always better than cure2 hence1 a few hygienic directions may not be amiss4 ,do not disregard the intimations of nature1 but promptly respond to her calls4 ,if there is constipation1 overcome it by establishing the habit of making daily efforts to effect a movement of the bowels4 ,taking regular exercise by walking1 and lightly percussing or kneading the bowels for five minutes daily1 help to increase their activity4 ,the habit of early rising favors the natural action of the bowels4 ,drinking a glass of water on rising exerts a beneficial influence4 ,the food should be such as will excite the mucous secretion of the large intestines1 and arouse its muscles to action4 ,for this purpose1 there is no one article that excels coarsely-cracked boiled wheat4 ,graham bread1 mush1 cakes1 gems1 and all articles of diet made from unbolted wheat flour are valuable auxiliaries1 and may be prepared to suit the taste4 ,take the meals at stated hours2 be punctual in attendance1 regular in eating1 and thoroughly masticate your food4 ,irregularity in the intervals between eating1 disturbs the functions of the intestine4 ,the use of ripe fruits1 such as apples1 pears1 grapes1 figs1 and prunes1 in proper quantities1 is sometimes very beneficial4 ,trivial or unimportant as these hygienic suggestions may appear1 yet were they observed1 constipation1 as well as most of the diseases incident to it1 would be obviated4 ,a large proportion of the cases will yield to the foregoing hygienic treatment without the employment of medicines4 ,should it be necessary1 however1 to employ an aperient to relieve the constipation1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery will act most congenially1 and will be followed by no constipating reaction1 which invariably occurs when drastic cathartics are employed4 ,its operation is mild1 bringing about a healthy action by promoting the biliary and other secretions1 thus aiding nature in establishing normal functional activity in the bowels4 ,recourse should be had to it before employing any thing more strongly cathartic4 ,however1 should it prove too mild in its aperient effects1 small doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets may be employed daily to assist it4 ,unlike other cathartics1 they produce a secondary tonic effect upon the bowels1 which renders their influence more lasting than that of other purgatives4 ,we cannot too strongly discourage the injurious custom which many people have of frequently scouring out their bowels with strong cathartics4 ,it is a bad practice1 and cannot fail to do injury4 ,the greatest benefit is derived1 not from cathartic doses1 but from taking only one or two of the ,pellets per day1 or enough to keep the bowels regular1 and continuing their use for several weeks1 in connection with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 strictly carrying out the hygienic treatment heretofore advised4 ,the medical treatment of individual cases sometimes involves many considerations relative to the particular circumstances and complications presented4 ,the peculiar susceptibility of the constitution1 as well as the diseases incident to constipation1 must be taken into account4 ,symptomatic derangement should not be treated as primary1 although it is by inexperienced physicians4 ,if the patient be afflicted with uterine disease1 piles1 nervous affections1 falling of the lower bowel1 or fistula1 they should be treated in connection with this disease4 ,for these reasons1 we would advise our readers to submit all complicated cases1 or those that do not yield to the course heretofore advised1 to a physician of large experience in the management of chronic diseases1 and not assume the great responsibility and the dire consequences which are very liable to arise from the improper treatment of such cases4 ,we have been called upon to treat thousands of cases of this troublesome affection1 and as a result of our vast experience1 and in consequence of our original and improved methods of diagnosis1 it is not generally necessary that we should see and examine the patient in person4 ,we can almost always determine the exact nature of the patient's malady1 and its stage of advancement1 without seeing the subject in person4 ,,piles4 7,,hemorrhoids47 ,there are few maladies more common than this1 and few which are more annoying4 ,piles consist of tumors formed within the rectum and about the anus1 by dilatation of the hemorrhoidal veins and thickening of their walls4 ,sometimes1 when attended by considerable inflammation1 or when the attacks are very frequent1 there is thickening of the adjacent cellular and mucous tissues4 ,there are two general forms of this disease1 the external or blind piles1 in which the tumors are outside the anus1 and the internal or bleeding piles1 in which the tumors are formed within the sphincters1 although after their formation they may protrude4 ,the external piles are commonly made up of thick tissues2 upon one side1 the skin forms the covering1 while on the inner surface is the mucous membrane of the bowel4 ,it is this surface which is most tender and irritable and liable to inflammation4 ,the internal form of the disease is situated from a half an inch to two and a half inches above the sphincter muscle of the anus4 ,the tumors are usually round1 oval or cylindrical in form4 ,they may be scattered over the surface of the bowel1 or clustered together4 ,the illustrations 7,figs4 #a and #b7 show the two forms of the disease4 ,the two protruding tumors in ,fig4 #b1 illustrate the usual form of prolapsing internal piles1 whilst the one highest up in the bowel shows the form most commonly met with4 ,it is seldom that one pile tumor is found alone1 there usually being two or three1 and sometimes as many as five or six1 in a cluster4 ,fig4 #c shows the manner of distribution of the veins in the rectal region4 ,the small venous loops1 or bulb-like terminations of the veins ,h4 i41 are the points at which the piles most frequently occur4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,swollen ,external ,piles4 ,,causes4 ,whatever tends to favor an undue accumulation of blood in the hemorrhoidal veins predisposes to piles4 ,for this reason the affection is frequently a result of diseases of the heart and liver1 which cause an obstruction in the circulation of the blood through the portal vein4 ,mechanical pressure from tumors in the abdomen1 pregnancy1 or an enlarged or misplaced uterus1 is not infrequently a cause of the disease1 by keeping the hemorrhoidal veins over-distended4 ,those diseases which provoke much straining1 as stricture1 inflammation or enlargement of the prostate gland1 and stone in the bladder are also active causative agents4 ,the most common cause of all1 however1 is constipation2 and persons of indolent1 sedentary and luxurious habits of life are the ones most frequently affected with this derangement4 ,the following are also prolific causes of piles1 viz43 pelvic tumors1 violent horseback exercise1 indigestion1 pregnancy1 habitual use of drastic cathartics1 diarrhea1 dysentery1 sitting on heated cushions1 long-continued standing posture1 diseases of the liver1 worms1 the wearing of tight corsets1 eating highly seasoned or indigestible food1 and the use of alcoholic stimulants4 ,no age is exempt from piles1 nor is the disease peculiar to either sex4 ,aside from the serious inconvenience and pain which are experienced with most forms of piles1 there is a tendency to fistula1 and to cancer in the rectal region4 ,it is important1 therefore1 that the disease should not be allowed to run on unchecked4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,piles3 internal and protruding4 ,,symptoms4 ,the most common symptoms at first are slight uneasiness1 such as a little soreness or itching at the verge of the anus1 and at times lancinating pains4 ,these sensations are more severe as a rule if the bowels are constipated4 ,if the piles are external they frequently become inflamed1 swollen and painful1 and in some instances they suppurate1 which usually results in relief4 ,when internal piles have increased to any considerable extent1 or have become inflamed1 they produce not only itching at the extremity of the bowel1 pain in the back1 etc41 but also a sensation of fullness in the rectum1 as though some foreign body were present1 and1 on action of the bowels1 there is a sensation as though a portion of the fces had not been expelled4 ,when the internal piles become large1 they frequently come down with fcal matter from the bowel1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #b1 and this prolapsus becomes more and more marked with the progress of the disease1 until1 in many cases1 the tumors are forced down at each action of the bowels1 causing excruciating pain until they are properly replaced4 ,usually1 in the early stages1 they recede spontaneously2 however1 after a time it becomes necessary for the sufferer to press them back1 but in some instances this is impossible4 ,frequently during the protrusion one of the hemorrhoidal veins gives away1 and this is followed by a free escape of blood1 and ulceration may ensue4 ,not infrequently with this disease the patient loses strength and flesh1 and the face becomes pale and puffy1 assuming a waxy appearance4 ,many times there is nausea1 with vertigo4 ,is consequence of the relaxation1 the bowel may descend when on the feet1 or with some extra muscular effort1 especially when stooping4 ,these symptoms may not all be present in one person1 and1 indeed1 sometimes are somewhat obscure2 when such is the case1 an examination by a competent physician will always determine the true character of the complaint at once4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,h4 i4 ,internal hemorrhoidal veins4 ,h4 m4 ,middle hemorrhoidal veins4 ,h4 e4 ,external hemorrhoidal veins4 ,s4 i4 ,internal sphincter muscle1 ,s4 e4 ,external sphincter muscle4 ,,treatment4 ,notwithstanding the well established fact that piles are readily cured by the appropriate treatment1 hundreds of thousands of people suffer untold tortures from them because of the popular impression that they cannot be cured4 ,all cases are not1 however1 amenable to the same form of treatment1 for various unhealthy conditions of the system are often concerned in their production and perpetuation1 and must1 of necessity1 be remedied by appropriate treatment1 before a cure of the piles can be expected4 ,it will1 therefore1 become apparent that the avoidance of causes is of paramount importance4 ,some of these causes are external1 and wholly under the control of the patient1 while others depend upon diseases that are curable2 it frequently happens that while other diseases are being remedied1 the piles disappear ,without any special attention4 ,diseases of the urinary apparatus1 as stricture of the urethra1 enlargement of the prostate gland1 and stone in the bladder1 dysentery1 diarrhea1 and constipation1--all cause piles1 by the irritation1 and determination of blood1 which they induce2 these difficulties must be removed by appropriate treatment4 ,some years since1 we ascertained that we were using in our practice remedies which1 in addition to other virtues1 possessed a direct specific influence upon the vessels concerned in the formation of piles4 ,these agents enter into the composition of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which1 consequently1 will be found exceedingly efficacious in the treatment of this disease4 ,this remedy1 therefore1 in removing the disease upon which the piles depend1 as a congested or torpid liver1 constipation1 etc41 and in exciting a direct curative control over the piles themselves1 exerts a double influence4 ,it may be aided1 when the bowels are badly constipated1 by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 taken in the morning1 to secure a regular and easy evacuation of the bowels each day4 ,all stimulating food and alcoholic drinks should be abstained from4 ,the cold bath is beneficial in these cases1 provided there is not great debility4 ,the affected parts should be bathed frequently with cold water1 and1 if prolapsus exists1 it is well to inject a little cool water into the rectum1 and allow it to remain a few minutes4 ,as a soothing1 astringing and healing application to the affected parts we prepare an ,ointment that has acquired great fame for the prompt relief which it affords in all ordinary cases4 ,this we do not sell through druggists but can send by mail1 on receipt of price1 #a4jj per large box1 postage prepaid4 ,the persistent use of this ,ointment1 at the same time keeping the bowels regular by the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 with an occasional laxative dose of ,pellets1 will generally cure all ordinary cases of piles4 ,,the ,,radical ,,cure ,,of ,,large ,,pile ,,tumors4 ,in cases in which the tumors have become indurated and very large it is impossible to effect cures by the foregoing or any other medical treatment4 ,various methods have been in use by the profession for the relief of the most severe cases4 ,the most common is excision with the knife or scissors4 ,reference to the large vessels1 shown in ,fig4 #c1 which are affected in this disease1 will at once show the sufferer the dangers of this method4 ,the sudden removal of a tumor1 which is connected with one or more of the large hemorrhoidal veins1 is sure to be followed by severe hemorrhage1 and many times painful ulceration1 and a fatal result4 ,to avoid this it has been the practice of many physicians to apply caustics or to burn off the base of the tumors with a red-hot iron4 ,a more barbarous and painful method could not be devised4 ,when it is considered that in many cases1 this severe and painful treatment is followed by ulceration1 and occasionally by the developement of cancer1 the matter should be carefully weighed before any such dangerous procedure is attempted4 ,another common method of treatment is to crush the base of the pile with a clamp1 and then cut off the tumors with scissors4 ,after this it is also necessary to apply the hot iron to prevent hemorrhage4 ,formerly1 applications of nitric acid were in common use by physicians as a means of cure1 but it was found that while this treatment would give temporary relief1 yet in no severe case would it effect a cure4 ,by what we term palliative treatment alone more cures are effected than by the old process of treatment with nitric acid4 ,still another form of treatment is strangulation of the pile by means of a ligature1 and this is often more painful than the application of hot irons1 inasmuch as in cutting off the return flow of blood from the piles1 a large tumor is left for days fully distended and extremely painful4 ,it does not slough off for a considerable time1 and we have seen the strongest men suffer intensely1 to whom the use of scissors in removing the tumors was a positive relief in comparison with the torture of the ligature4 ,a treatment that has been highly recommended by some physicians and condemned by others1 is the process of injection with carbolic acid4 ,this method of treatment is not very painful but1 unfortunately1 it is dangerous4 ,the injection of the tumors with a fluid which causes coagulation of the blood1 and which does not completely shut off the return current of the circulation through the tumors1 has proved fatal in a small percentage of cases4 ,the clots which are formed by this treatment become detached and are carried into the general circulation and conveyed to the liver1 lungs and even to the brain1 where1 by plugging up the vessels of those organs1 they cause abscesses which terminate life4 ,serious inflammation of the veins is another accident which often follows the injection of carbolic acid4 ,this treatment is1 therefore1 now seldom resorted to except by physicians who do not appreciate its dangers4 ,a ,,more ,,successful ,,method4 ,fortunately for suffering humanity1 a method of treatment has been perfected and thoroughly tested in our institution1 in which all such trouble and danger as above described are avoided4 ,this consists in bringing down the tumors1 cleansing them and making application1 of certain chemical preparations1 that cause the tumors to speedily shrivel up1 and in a very short time1 say ten to fourteen days1 disappear entirely4 ,these treatments and applications cause no pain whatever1 for by first applying a weak solution of cocaine to the parts they are speedily rendered entirely insensible1 so that the most sensitive1 nervous lady experiences not the slightest suffering from the application of our remedies4 ,having now at our command means so positively certain in their action upon pile tumors1 we do not hesitate to say that the very worst cases1 no matter of how long standing1 can be promptly cured1 if we can only have the patient for a few days under our personal care4 ,considering the very distressing character of pile tumors1 it is a great boon that we have at last found safe1 painless1 and positively certain means for their cure4 ,the news will be hailed with joy by a large class of sufferers4 ,probably no other discovery in modern science is destined to be the means of conferring greater blessings on a large class of sufferers than that of a painless and positive method of curing the largest pile tumors in the brief time required by our system of treating them4 ,it seems to us that there is no longer an excuse for any one to endure the tortures inflicted by pile tumors1 provided the afflicted one can command the little time and moderate amount of means necessary to secure the treatment indicated4 ,piles are not only in and of themselves very painful and annoying1 but often greatly aggravate and even cause other grave and painful affections1 and should1 therefore1 not be neglected4 ,when large1 they never get well without proper treatment4 ,we have seen many cases in which the long train of diverse and distressing symptoms caused by piles led the sufferer1 and even the family physician1 to suppose that other diseases existed1 but all of which annoying symptoms were speedily dispelled by the cure of the piles4 ,we have no doubt that neglected piles1 fistul1 and other morbid conditions of the lower bowels1 frequently degenerate into cancerous disease4 ,we have the eminent authority of ,j4 ,hughes ,bennett1 of ,edinburg1 and many other close observers1 for saying that benign or ordinary tumors often degenerate into real cancerous disease1 and our own extensive observation convinces us that this is not infrequently a result of neglected rectal disease1 as piles1 fistul and fissures4 ,how important1 then1 to give prompt attention and skillful treatment to disease of these parts4 ,when the ordinary palliative treatment1 with ointments and with laxative agents to keep the bowels soluble1 does not completely and perfectly subdue the malady1 lose no time in securing the most skillful appliances1 that every vestige of the affection may be promptly removed4 ,we have treated many thousands of cases with uniform success1 and our patients write to us expressing the greatest degree of satisfaction1 and recommending our method most highly4 ,reports of a few cases1 selected at random from the large number which we have cured1 are given below to illustrate our success in curing them4 ,,anal ,,fistula4 7,,fistula ,,in ,,ano47 ,this disease is more dangerous than piles1 though1 after once formed1 not so painful4 ,it sometimes commences with intense itching about the anus1 accompanied with a little discharge2 or the first symptom may be a painful abscess1 like a boil1 which finally breaks4 ,the soreness then in a measure subsides1 leaving a fistulous opening1 with a continuous discharge of matter4 ,this unnatural opening1 with its constant drain upon the system1 sooner or later is certain to ruin the health or develop consumption or other maladies1 and destroy life4 ,fistula in ,ano may exist in three conditions3 ,first1 complete fistula--when the opening is continuous from the cavity of the rectum or bowel to the surface of the skin1 so that liquids1 gases1 etc41 escape2 secondly1 internal incomplete fistula1 when the opening extends from the inside of the rectum into the tissues surrounding it1 but not through the skin4 ,a few cases of this kind exist1 while the sufferers are unconscious of the nature of the difficulty1 supposing it to be piles or some trouble--they know not what4 ,thirdly1 external1 incomplete fistula1 when the opening extends through the skin into the tissues around the rectum1 but does not enter the bowel4 ,other complications1 such as pendulous tits or projections1 from one-fourth to one and a half inches in length1 are attendant upon fistula4 ,two or more openings may appear in the skin1 all communicating with the same sinus1 or opening into the rectum4 ,sometimes only a small external opening is seen1 while a large abscess exists internally4 ,in any case1 the discharge is not only reducing to the system1 but it is disgusting and offensive4 ,,causes ,the causes are a constitutional predisposition1 constipation1 piles1 or the presence of foreign bodies in the rectum1 causing an abscess or ulcer4 ,some authors have contended that fistula always originates from an ulcer in the rectum1 which gradually makes its way through the cellular tissue to the surface4 ,others contend that the cause of this disease consists in an abscess1 which burrows in the tissues and makes its exit into the rectum1 or through the skin1 or both4 ,no doubt it may originate in both ways4 ,it can readily be seen that when an internal opening is once established1 the foeces which enter into it must sooner or later work their way to the surface1 burrowing through those parts which offer the least resistance1 until a place of exit is reached4 ,,diagnosis4 ,the disease may be suspected1 if there has been an abscess in the parts involved1 or if the patient has been subject to pain in the rectum1 and the parts are tender1 tumid1 or indurated4 ,when the fistula opens externally1 the linen will be moistened and soiled with pus1 or a bloody fluid1 and when the tract is large1 the foeces may pass through it4 ,a careful exploration with a probe1 passed into the external opening while the finger is in the rectum1 generally reveals the direction of the tract2 but1 sometimes1 in consequence of the tortuous course of the canal1 the probe cannot he made to follow it4 ,when the fistula is incomplete1 and opens internally1 the probe is passed into the rectum and directed outwards1 when it may be felt externally4 ,in such cases1 a tumor1 caused by the contents of the fistula1 may generally be seen protruding near the anus1 and the pain will be considerably increased during defecation1 by the foeces passing into it and disturbing its walls4 ,the examination should be made with the greatest possible care1 for it is attended with more or less pain4 ,,treatment4 ,when constitutional derangement exists1 it must be rectified1 or any treatment will be liable to result in failure4 ,the comfort of the patient may be greatly promoted by attention to the bowels1 keeping their contents in a soluble condition1 and the liver active1 so as to prevent congestion of the rectum and adjacent structures4 ,this can best be done by careful attention to hygiene1 and the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets1 in sufficient quantities to produce the above named effects4 ,a radical cure1 however1 cannot be accomplished except by surgical means1 for which we have the knife1 ligature1 caustic1 stimulating injections1 etc41 which may be varied to suit the emergency1 but which should never be employed except by a competent surgeon4 ,constitutional conditions materially influence the cure1 no matter what procedure is adopted2 the greater the constitutional derangement and the poorer the general health1 the longer is the cure delayed4 ,the great secret of our success in treating this disease consists in applying appropriate constitutional treatment at the same time4 ,the use of the knife is becoming obsolete1 and has1 to a great extent1 given way to other measures which are equally successful4 ,indeed1 other means will succeed in cases in which the knife fails or is for any reason inapplicable4 ,one great objection to the knife is not only the dread which patients entertain of it1 but the great liability of its use to result in paralysis of the sphincters of the anus1 the consequence of which is loss of control over the bowels2 and another is that it sometimes entirely fails to result in cure4 ,by the means which we employ1 these objections are entirely overcome1 and1 while the general system is being renovated1 the fistula is healed1 without any complications4 ,fistula is much more common than has generally been supposed4 ,it is apt to be associated with pulmonary diseases4 ,heretofore1 it has been supposed that to heal the fistula1 during the progress of the lung affection1 would result in fatal consequences1 and the patient has been left to suffer and die under the combined influence1 of the two diseases4 ,observation1 based upon an extensive experience in the management of such diseases1 has proved that supposition to be fallacious in every respect1 and we would urge all persons afflicted with fistula to have the affliction cured1 no matter what complications may exist4 ,the fact underlying this erroneous opinion is1 that when grave constitutional troubles have co-existed the use of the knife has resulted in failure1 and the fistula has refused to heal4 ,having had ample facilities for observing the relative merits of the various methods of treating this complaint1 in hundreds of eases1 in our own practice and that of others1 we feel justified in saying that the plan which we have adopted is far superior to that in general use4 ,the local treatment which we employ depends upon the nature of the fistula2 in some instances the ligature is best1 in others caustics1 and again injection1 etc41 while still others require a combination of two or more methods1 or a modification of them4 ,in cases in which it is impossible for the patient to come to our hotel for a radical and speedy cure of the fistula1 we employ constitutional treatment1 with1 the use of a medicated crayon1 which is similar in shape to a small slate pencil4 ,this crayon is made of gelatine with the remedial agents thoroughly incorporated through it1 and in an easily soluble form4 ,they are very flexible and readily used1 and where the fistulous track is sufficiently large to admit of their insertion1 the most decided improvement invariable follows their application4 ,one is oiled and gently introduced into the track every two or three days1 and by its solution the unhealthy tissues which line the track are removed4 ,they are thrown off1 and a healthy action is induced4 ,with careful constitutional treatment1 decided improvement soon follows1 and the discharge is gradually lessened4 ,the most satisfactory improvement occurs in the general health and strength of the patient1 and gradually the fistula closes4 ,sometimes it is necessary to pursue this course of treatment for many months1 but the result obtained is sufficient reward for the trouble4 ,a large percentage of cures follow this treatment1 and we recommend it when it is impossible for the patient to leave home1 or when the general health is greatly reduced by severe constitutional disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,while we have a great cloud of witnesses testifying to the efficacy of our treatment of the diseases described in this volume1 yet for lack of space we can here introduce only the few following3 ,,liver ,,complaint4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,h4 ,may1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in the year #ahhi ,i was taken with disease which the doctors called liver complaint4 ,i tried three different doctors4 ,they did me no good4 ,they tried about one year2 ,i was not able to work for two years4 ,at last ,i thought ,i would try ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines1 and ,i wrote to ,dr4 ,pierce1 and he wrote to me to take his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,i bought two bottles1 and when ,i took it1 ,i saw it was improving me1 and ,i got five more1 and before ,i had taken all ,i was well1 and ,i haven't felt the symptoms since4 ,i had a continued hurting in my bowels for about two years4 ,i feel as if the cure is worth thousands of dollars to me4 ,yours truly1 ,j4,h4 ,,may1 ,potts' ,station1 ,pope ,co41 ,ark4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ransom4 ,dear ,sirs--,when first taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription ,i was nervous and would have sour stomach and distress after eating1 and when ,i would rise after stooping over everything would turn dark before me and ,i would feel dizzy4 ,i suffered a great deal of pain at each monthly period4 ,i took one bottle and a half of the ,favorite ,prescription1 one teaspoonful three times a day1 and the ,pellets as directions called for4 ,i gained in health and strength so rapidly that ,i have been able to work very hard the past summer1 and my back never troubles me2 and when ,i have my monthly periods ,i never feel the least bit of pain4 ,in fact ,i consider myself in excellent health4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,inez ,v4 ,,carr ,,ransom1 ,panama1 ,chaut4 ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,liver4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,j4 ,bentley1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was taken sick with inflammation of the liver and could get no relief from the doctors of this place--,randolph1 ,n4,y4 ,i was induced to use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,pleasant ,pellets1 and after using five bottles of the medicine1 ,i regained my health1 and now ,i am a well man4 ,i weighed #ahe pounds before taken sick1 and ,i was reduced to #ace pounds in sixty days' time4 ,i suffered greatly from headache1 pain in my right shoulder1 poor appetite1 constipation and a sleepy feeling all the time4 ,my health is now very good1 and ,i weigh #agj pounds1 and ,i am able to do a good day's work without any trouble at all4 ,thanks to these valuable medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,,thomas ,j4 ,,bentley1 ,randolph1 ,catt4 ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,liver ,,disease ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hart4 ,dear ,sirs--,i am enjoying excellent health4 ,after taking a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and several bottles of ,pellets1 ,i am a different person4 ,only weighed #aai pounds when ,i began taking your medicine1 now weigh #afj4 ,my symptoms were pain under the left shoulder1 distress after eating1 headache1 dizziness1 constipation1 and1 in fact1 my system was out of sorts generally4 ,i tell every one your medicine has done more for me than any other4 ,i remain1 yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,charles ,h4 ,,hart1 ,san ,ardo1 ,monterey ,co41 ,california4 ,,liver ,,complaint ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,king1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,after suffering for several years with nasal catarrh and liver complaint1 and having become greatly reduced in health1 as a last resort ,i placed myself in your hands for treatment4 ,my improvement began almost immediately after entering your institution4 ,i was enabled to leave at the end of one month1 having experienced great benefit4 ,the treatment was continued at home for a few months1 after which my cure was complete4 ,at the present time1 ,i am able for office work1 and feel that ,i am completely cured of the catarrh and have but little if any trouble with my liver4 ,i shall lose no opportunity to recommend your institution or your medicines to the afflicted4 ,i do most unhesitatingly recommend chronic sufferers to visit your institution or take your remedies at home4 ,sincerely yours1 ,,william ,,king1 ,rose ,bud1 ,pope ,co41 ,ills4 ,a ,,complicated ,,case ,,of ,,stomach1 ,,lung1 ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,rademaker4 ,dear ,sirs--,some six years ago ,i was taken sick with chills2 ,i would have a very bad chill and then ,i would begin to sweat and vomit2 ,i had no appetite2 ,i had the catarrh very bad2 ,i had inward troubles of different kinds2 my back ached all the time2 ,i had sores gather and break inside2 ,i had a lung trouble2 ,i was very bad off2 ,i could sit up only long enough to have my bed made2 my husband sent for our family doctor2 he came three times a week for three months2 ,i was not so well at the end of three months as when he first came1 but kept growing worse2 he gave me up to die1 and said ,i had consumption4 ,i had heard of ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines doing a good deal of good1 so ,i made up my mind to try them4 ,i sent and got one bottle of ,favorite ,prescription and one bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 also one bottle of ,pellets1 and commenced taking them4 ,in a few days ,i commenced to gain1 and ,in two weeks' time ,i could sit up most all day1 and in five weeks' time ,i could do my work with the help of two small girls4 ,after taking four bottles of ,favorite ,prescription1 six bottles of ,discovery1 and three of ,pellets1 ,i was well enough to get along without any medicine4 ,i can do a good day's work1 and ,i owe my life to ,dr4 ,pierce4 ,with ,god's will and the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's medicine ,i am still alive and well4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,,clara ,a4 ,,rademaker1 ,addison ,point1 ,washington ,co41 ,me4 ,,liver ,,complaint ,,and ,,dropsy4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,dennis4 ,gentlemen--,about two years ago ,i was confined to my bed for several weeks with liver complaint4 ,i became dropsical1 my limbs swelled to twice their usual size and ,i could scarcely move them4 ,i commenced using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 one bottle helped me so ,i could sit up2 two bottles gave me strength enough to be able to do part of my household work2 six bottles cured me1 and to-day ,i am enjoying good health4 ,the ,medical ,discovery should be in every household1 and in gratitude for what it has done for me ,i have recommended it to many friends4 ,for nine years ,i have suffered from deafness1 and while taking the ,discovery my hearing became much improved4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,i4,c4 ,,dennis1 ,burson4 ,calaveras ,co41 ,cal4 ,,indigestion1 ,,constipation1 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,hodges4 ,dear ,sirs--,in regard to my condition of health1 will say1 although ,i am not entirely well1 yet ,i have received much and lasting good from your treatment4 ,my digestion was improved greatly1 so that little trouble is experienced after eating2 my liver seems to act reasonable well1 and my bowels are much better4 ,my varicocele ,i consider entirely cured1 as ,i have not used the bandage for one half day for more than six months1 and do not experience any inconvenience from that source4 ,yours truly1 ,,harlan ,,hodges1 ,keota1 ,keokuk ,co41 ,is4 ,,case ,,of ,,chronic ,,diarrhea ,,cured ,,by ,,home ,,treatment4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,gwin4 ,at the time the case was first submitted to us the bowels were moving six or eight times a day4 ,in addition to the diarrhea1 the patient had suffered from indigestion and womb trouble for eight years4 ,there was almost continual pain from the top of the head to the hips and through the shoulders4 ,there was weakness1 soreness and numbness in the arms1 hands1 back and hips2 the bladder was irritable1 urine being passed frequently1 or occasionally scanty1 dark1 thick1 with a brick-dust deposit4 ,there was a dragging sensation in the region of the womb4 ,menstruation was irregular1 and she had frequent trembling spells lasting for hours4 ,there was difficulty in fixing the attention1 even for a sufficient length of time to write a brief letter4 ,in fact1 she was so weak and nervous she could scarcely write at all4 ,sleeplessness was a prominent feature of the case4 ,the principal diet consisted of light bread and hot milk2 could not use ,graham bread4 ,a course of special treatment was supplied to her about the first of ,january1 #ahij1 but soon after commencing the treatment she had an attack of pneumonia4 ,in due time the treatment was resumed1 and then followed an attack of the epidemic influenza1 or grip1 so that1 although the treatment was carried on at intervals during a year1 there were but few occasions when our specialist had what he considered full control of the case4 ,a year after the case was discharged the following communication was received3 ,february #ae1 #ahic4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i should have written sooner1 but ,i waited to see if there would be any return of my old disease4 ,after suffering over eight years with severe chronic diarrhea1 you have cured me2 ,i have had no return of it for over a year4 ,it is with gratitude ,i write to you to tell you the great good you have done me1 for ,i am sure ,i would have been in my grave before this had it not been for your treatment2 ,my stomach troubles me very little any more4 ,occasionally ,i use a bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and a bottle of ,pellets4 ,hoping that the kind ,father may spare your lives for many years to do good to suffering humanity1 ,i am1 ,very gratefully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,r4,s4 ,,gwin1 ,peck's ,run1 ,upshur ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,liver ,,complaint1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,cured ,,by ,,home ,,treatment4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,fleener4 ,received his first disability in the war2 complains of getting very weak2 bowels move only in three or tour days2 stomach so painful that nothing passes through it digested2 back so weak cannot sit up2 had the first attack of dyspepsia fifteen years ago1 and has spent hundreds of dollars trying to get well2 kidneys badly affected1 urine highly colored1 and burns in passing2 has pains around the heart and fluttering sensations at times1 says3 ,i am not able to travel2 all the doctors have given me up as beyond medical aid4 ,reports after two months' treatment3 ,i am happy to say that ,i am almost well2 suffer with no pain in my stomach after eating2 my appetite is good2 my bowels move once a day and very often twice a day1 and the urine is natural2 do not have that dizziness in the head any more3 rest well at night and feel rested in the morning ,have gained flesh all the time2 weigh #agh pounds1 and work every day on the farm4 ,have taken no medicine from any other physician1 and give you and your medicine all the credit for the health ,i now enjoy4 ,my wife has taken your ,golden ,medical ,discovery for goitre 7thick neck74 ,she has taken it for about six weeks and she is getting better4 ,,john ,,fleener1 ,brooklyn1 ,indiana4 ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,r4 ,kenyon1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,your letter was received1 and ,i am glad to say that ,i am perfectly well1 and have been since ,i took your last medicine4 ,i think ,i am better than ,i ever was1 if such a thing could be4 ,i am twenty pounds heavier than ,i ever was before1 weighing #aee pounds4 ,i have not had a pain or an ache since1 for which fact ,i am thankful to you for looking after my case as promptly as you did1 as1 in looking over your catalogue of diseases1 ,i thought that ,i had every thing ailing me that was in the book4 ,i have told dozens if they were sick to call on you4 ,with my best wishes1 and hoping that all of your patients will receive as much benefit as ,i did1 ,i remain1 ,very truly yours1 ,,george ,r4 ,,kenyon ,batavia1 ,ill4 ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,p4 ,mc,adams1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,a few of my symptoms were3 ,heartburn and fullness after eating1 sometimes pain in my bowels1 headache1 poor appetite and bad taste in my mouth4 ,at night ,i was feverish1 with hot flushes over skin4 ,after taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i was relieved of all these symptoms1 and ,i feel perfectly well to-day4 ,very truly yours1 ,j4,p4 ,,mcadams1 ,elon ,college1 ,north ,carolina4 ,,obstinate ,,and ,,complicated ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,john ,h4 ,smith1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,yours of ,july #abth to hand4 ,i am only too glad to comply with your request4 ,having suffered for many years with a complication of diseases and feeling conscious that they were rapidly making serious inroads upon my constitution1 and that ,i was speedily becoming unable and incapacitated to attend to my ordinary business4 ,i resolved1 after reading a number of testimonials from your patients1 to place myself under your treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,with heart-felt gratitude ,i can truthfully say ,i am relieved of my trouble4 ,i most cheerfully and earnestly recommend this ,institution to all who are afflicted with chronic and painful diseases1 no matter of what nature4 ,during my stay there ,i saw some wonderful cures and surgical operations4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,h4 ,,smith1 ,deckertown1 ,sussex ,co41 ,n4,j4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,illustration3 ,andrew ,holes1 ,esq4 ,without solicitude or hope of pecuniary reward1 with heart-felt gratitude and a desire to aid my fellow-man to health and happiness1 allow me to state1 that as an inmate for more than a month of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,i feel warranted in its highest recommendation4 ,while there ,i saw and talked with a great number of people who came there as a last resort1 to be cured of almost every chronic disease to which flesh is heir1 and they were unanimous in their praise of the ,institution and the skilled specialists who constitute its professional staff4 ,,andrew ,,holes1 ,moorhead1 ,minn4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,kidney ,,and ,,liver ,,disease--,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4,v4 ,wright1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in informing you that the treatment you gave me for the relief of an affection of the spine and nervous system1 disease of the digestive organs1 kidneys and liver1 has been entirely successful4 ,i had feared that my health was gradually being undermined1 prior to entering your institution1 and ,i can testify to the perfect appointment that you have1 the excellent apparatus for the administration of electrical and other massage treatment and baths4 ,my relief was most satisfactory1 and the cure has remained permanent4 ,i take pleasure in recommending your institution to the afflicted1 believing that you have the very best treatment for chronic diseases known1 and ,i have had an opportunity to satisfy myself1 from conversation with other invalids in your ,institution1 of the care and skillful treatment that you administer1 and its excellent effects4 ,i believe that it is fully abreast of the times1 and equal to any institution in the world4 ,with many good wishes and thanks for my cure1 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,b4,v4 ,,wright1 ,graniteville1 ,middlesex ,co41 ,mass4 ,,prolapsing ,,piles 7,,hemorrhoids71 ,,asthma1 ,,torpid ,,liver ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,cured ,,at ,,the ,,age ,,of #fb--,,now #gc ,,years ,,of ,,age--,,and ,,continues ,,in ,,good ,,health4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,plummer4 ,dear ,doctors--,it is with the greatest pleasure that ,i add my own experience to that of the many that you have cured4 ,i am now seventy-three years of age1 and enjoy very good health for my years1 and as you can see by the photograph ,i send you1 time has dealt very considerately with me so far as my activity and enjoyment of life are concerned4 ,to this ,i feel that in large measure my thanks are due to you1 for eleven years ago when ,i was sixty-two years of age you treated the pile tumors so successfully4 ,they had been the source of greatest discomfort4 ,i think that they were caused first by chronic diarrhea1 which had troubled me many years prior to their appearance4 ,i was also afflicted with asthma1 torpid liver and constipation4 ,these conditions produced in time some pile tumors that were the source of much suffering1 and seemed to continually annoy me4 ,as is usual with such difficulties1 ,i believe1 ,i would be free from discomfort for a time1 and then the piles would get sensitive and irritable1 come down at stool1 and gave rise to severe pain that seemed to affect my general health4 ,the nervous symptoms that resulted from their presence were such as to lead me to fear that ,i would break down in health unless they were relieved4 ,from information obtained from others who had been relieved at your hands1 ,i applied to your institution1 and can thankfully assert that the tumors were permanently cured1 as it has been eleven years since your specialist treated me1 and ,i have had no trouble of the kind1 and for an old lady ,i am pretty well4 ,i had such good treatment and nice care at your institution that ,i cannot express in my testimony the thanks that ,i owe you4 ,wishing you every success in the treatment of others1 and that you may be able to relieve the sufferings of many hundreds as you have mine1 ,i remain4 ,very respectfully and thankfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,moses ,,plummer1 ,groton1 ,caledonia ,co41 ,vt4 ,,biliousness1 ,,constipation1 ,,bad ,,cough4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,george ,wilder1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,some twenty-five years since ,i was feeling very miserable all summer2 ,i was very bilious2 sometimes my bowels would not move once in sixty to seventy hours1 and then almost impossible4 ,i would take some bitters1 which would help to move the matter1 but as soon as the bitters were gone1 ,i had to buy more or ,i would be as bad as before1 and sometimes worse2 but none of them appeared to do me any good except to move the bowels1 until thirty years since a druggist called my attention to your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and before ,i had taken half a bottle of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i felt much better1 and by the time ,i had taken all1 ,i could eat three hearty meals per day and had not felt so well for a long time4 ,soon after ,i was called to do a job some miles from home1 and one night the old lady there was speaking about her daughter 7,mrs4 ,brooks7 who had been under the doctor's care for about five months and did not get any better1 and ,i learned by asking a few questions that she had no appetite and no ambition to do anything4 ,then ,i told her what the ,golden ,medical ,discovery had done for me4 ,the next day the old lady drove down to her daughter's and got ,mr4 ,brooks to send to ,rutland1 ten miles away1 for two bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and the next day when the doctor came and was about to take his leave1 ,mr4 ,brooks told the doctor he did not want him any more at present1 and would send for him1 if necessary4 ,i saw the old lady about ten days later and her daughter was improving1 and ,mr4 ,brooks had great faith in the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and had not sent for the doctor1 but had gone to ,rutland for more of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,when ,i commenced taking the ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i thought ,i was going into consumption1 as ,i had a cough for three years or more and my weight decreasing4 ,my weight before taking the ,golden ,medical ,discovery was #acc pounds2 last ,march it was #adg pounds1 and ,i give the credit to the ,discovery1 ,,george ,i4 ,,wilder1 ,east ,wallingford1 ,rutland ,co41 ,vt4 ,,liver ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,bosworth4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered greatly for thirteen years4 ,not one moment during that time had ,i rest from pain or weakness4 ,i consulted six of our best physicians1 taking medicines from each for a good long time4 ,i became completely discouraged1 as ,i had been many times before4 ,a letter from the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association with questions to be answered1 fell into my hands2 these ,i carefully answered4 ,as soon as a letter could go and come ,i received another saying ,i had the ,liver ,disease4 ,i could hardly believe it1 for it had never entered my mind that that was my trouble4 ,i read the pamphlet sent me in the next mail1 describing my feelings much better than ,i could myself4 ,i accepted their advice1 strictly followed it4 ,i found complete relief in taking the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,for years ,i could not ride a mile nor walk to my nearest neighbor's without feeling worse for it1 and most of the time could not go at all4 ,the day this picture was taken ,i rode eighteen miles1 walking up and down two long hills4 ,to the afflicted and discouraged ,i would say consult the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association2 accept their advice1 strictly follow it1 and if there be help for you ,i believe you will find it in so doing4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,helen ,c4 ,,bosworth1 ,money ,creek1 ,houston ,co41 ,minn4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,and ,,other ,,complications4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,stephen ,ogden1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in reply to yours of the #gth instant1 ,i would say that ,i can cheerfully recommend your medicines1 as ,i have tried them and found them just as represented4 ,i am enjoying splendid health at the present time4 ,yours truly1 ,,stephen ,,ogden1 ,twin ,mound1 ,douglas ,co41 ,kansas4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss4 ,helfer4 ,gentlemen--,i have been troubled with dyspepsia and constipation for the last six years1 and have tried all medicines that ,i could think of2 and ,i got so low in health that ,i thought ,i would once more try the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,after taking it for three months ,i began to feel better1 especially the gas and sour rising off my stomach at night4 ,formerly it was a terrible distressed feeling1 could not rest nor sleep4 ,i am very thankful to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 and thankful to ,god who put the great power in your medicine that cured me4 ,i will say a good word for your medicines to all friends ,i meet4 ,with many thanks1 ,i remain1 ,respectfully4 ,miss ,m4,a4 ,,elizabeth ,,helfer1 ,moreton ,farm1 ,monroe ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,a ,,grateful ,,patient',s ,,words ,,of ,,praise4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,william ,henkel1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been in your ,institution as a sufferer from two distinct chronic diseases of years' standing1 and having been placed under the charge of your specialists1 ,i was speedily relieved of my afflictions4 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel is a place as much like home as it is possible for such an institution to be4 ,the physicians and surgeons are all expert specialists and thoroughly efficient2 the nurses are very competent1 attentive and kind2 and1 in fact1 the whole personnel of the ,invalids' ,hotel endeavor to do their best to make the patients feel like being at home4 ,i always felt while there as if ,i was one of the family4 ,i gladly recommend your ,institution to all persons who are afflicted with any kind of chronic disease1 for from my own experience ,i know the professional staff will do all which they promise to do4 ,please accept my thanks for the speedy benefits and perfect cure of my diseases1 and ,i think your ,institution is worthy of the highest endorsement4 ,yours truly1 ,,william ,,henkel1 ,no4 #aiag ,congress ,street1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,a4,h4 ,mevs4 ,gentlemen--,having suffered for a number of years with dyspepsia1 torpid liver and general debility1 and having tried several physicians with little or no benefit1 ,i resolved1 as a last resort1 to consult your specialists at the ,world's ,dispensary4 ,being advised by them to use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i did so1 and after using several bottles1 ,i feel entirely restored to health4 ,now1 ,i take great pleasure in recommending your medicines to suffering humanity everywhere4 ,yours very gratefully1 ,,rev4 ,a4,h4 ,,mevs1 ,friar's ,point1 ,coahoma ,co41 ,mississippi4 ,,liver ,,complaint4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,gaughan1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i commenced taking ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i was suffering badly from ,liver ,complaint4 ,i had been out of health for three years4 ,i suffered terribly from heart-burn1 had bad coat on tongue1 and was often troubled with diarrhea4 ,three bottles of the ,discovery cured me4 ,had ,i not commenced taking it when ,i did1 ,i should have been dead long ago4 ,you have my heartfelt gratitude for my cure4 ,yours truly1 ,,james ,,gaughan1 ,braidwood1 ,will ,co41 ,ill4 ,p4,s4--,there are lots of people here whom ,i have recommended to use your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and each and every one says it is a good medicine4 ,one woman in particular1 told me she was getting better every day by the use of your medicines4 ,j4,g4 ,,nervous ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,taylor4 ,gentlemen--,i had a dead aching in my head and down the back of my neck and in my left ear1 and my tongue was so stiff at night and dry1 and ,i had no taste1 or appetite to eat anything4 ,i also had such a dead aching in the small of my back2 it just felt as if ,i would break1 and such aching between my hips4 ,i had been having the change of life1 and if ,i worked hard ,i got a pain between my shoulders and a kind of aching in the abdomen4 ,i doctored a good deal and never got any relief4 ,i was very nervous4 ,i took two bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and two of his ,favorite ,prescription1 and ,i am perfectly cured4 ,,mrs4 ,,ellen ,,taylor1 ,clarion1 ,clarion ,co41 ,pennsylvania4 ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,prosser4 ,dear ,sirs--,i was a great sufferer from dyspepsia1 and ,i had suffered so long that ,i was a wreck2 life was rendered undesirable and it seemed death was near6 but ,i came in contact with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets4 ,i took twelve bottles of the ,discovery1 and several bottles of the ,pellets1 and followed the hygienic advice of ,dr4 ,pierce1 and ,i am happy to say it was indeed a cure1 for life is worth living now4 ,a thousand thanks for your treatment4 ,i enclose my photo4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,rev4 ,,chas4 ,,prosser1 ,mount ,carmel1 ,northumberland ,co4 ,pa4 ,,liver ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,winter4 ,dear ,sirs--,it is with pleasure that ,i tell you what your ,discovery has done for my mother4 ,she was in poor health for a long time1 coughing and weak1 and thought she had consumption2 she had such palpitation of the heart and could not rest at night because of the palpitation sometimes1 and then the right arm pained her so at times that she hardly knew what to do2 ,if we would put on hot applications1 it would drive it to the heart1 and the doctor did her no good2 so finally1 as a last resort1 we happened to get hold of some of ,dr4 ,pierce's pamphlets and were constrained to write to him and send a small bottle of urine for examination4 ,he immediately wrote back1 saying it was liver trouble1 and to take the ,golden ,medical ,discovery according to directions4 ,she took it for two months1 when the pain in her arm gradually left her and she could comb her own hair1 and began to be more cheerful1 for she was melancholy before4 ,the palpitation grew less and less1 and she rested at night1 and is now doing her own work for a family of five1 and is sixty-one years old4 ,i have taken delight in recommending to others this wonderful medicine for heart and liver trouble2 she took a dozen bottles to effect the desired end4 ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,lu ,,winter1 ,dakota1 ,winona ,co41 ,minn4 ,,torpid ,,liver1 ,,suppressed ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,fitzgerald4 ,gentlemen--,i had suffered so much for years from ,liver ,complaint that ,i did not care whether ,i got well or not1 but my husband urged me to take your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had not had my courses for six months2 after ,i had taken your medicine about two months1 ,i was well4 ,when one of my daughters with a baby two weeks old was in so much pain that she could not rest day or night1 ,i went to her as quickly as ,i could1 and commenced giving her your ,favorite ,prescription4 ,the next morning the pains were all gone4 ,she said1 oh1 mother1 ,i would have died if you had not come4 ,i do feel so good4 ,your medicine makes people feel like they wanted to live4 ,there is a woman at ,verdi who had several children who died with consumption of the bowels and chronic diarrhea4 ,she had another one who was going the same way4 ,the doctor said it was bound to die4 ,i went there and gave it five drops of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-,weed1 and increased the dose every time its bowels moved1 until ,i got to a half teaspoonful4 ,the next morning the child was almost well4 ,that woman says ,i saved her baby's life4 ,i could write a week and not tell half the good your medicines have done through my hands4 ,two weeks ago1 a young man at my house was taken with cholera morbus4 ,he thought he was surely going to die1 but as quickly as ,i could get some hot water1 ,i put hot applications on his stomach and bowels1 and gave him a few doses of your ,extract of ,smart-,weed4 ,he got well immediately4 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,isabell ,,fitzgerald4 ,reno1 ,washoe ,co41 ,nev4 ,,liver ,,disease ,,and ,,nervous ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,i4 ,rhue1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was weak1 nervous1 dizzy1 with a fainting sensation when walking2 could not walk any distance1 always feeling hungry but always felt bad2 after eating felt as though my victuals were sticking in my throat2 could not rest well at night2 ,i was not well all winter4 ,in #ahia took sick and quit work2 in ,march doctored with three different doctors with very little benefit for a good deal over a year1 then began taking your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,took ten bottles of that1 and one bottle of your ,pleasant ,pellets1 and steadily improved all the time ,i was taking your medicine and have worked all this summer2 did not work for two years4 ,my case was liver disease and nervous dyspepsia of which your medicine has cured me1 for which receive my sincere thanks4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,israel ,,rhue1 ,morrisdale ,mines1 ,clearfleld ,co41 ,pa4 ,,torpid ,,liver4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,from early childhood ,i have suffered from a sluggish liver with all the disorders accompanying such a condition4 ,doctors' prescriptions and patent medicines ,i have used in abundance2 they only afforded temporary relief4 ,i was recommended to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,i did so1 taking three at night and two after dinner every day for two weeks4 ,i then reduced the dose to one ',pellet' every day and continued this practice for two months4 ,i have in six months increased in solid flesh1 twenty-six pounds4 ,i am in better health than ,i have been since childhood4 ,drowsiness and unpleasant feelings after meals have completely disappeared4 ,respectfully yours1 ,u4,s4 ,inspector of ,immigration1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,john ,h4,m4 ,berry ,,liver ,,disease1 ,,constipation4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mc,daniel4 ,dear ,sir--,i enclose you my photograph as you requested2 also1 state that ,i have taken your ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery for chronic liver complaint attended with constipation of the bowels1 and after using six bottles of ,discovery and same of ,pellets1 ,i am greatly benefited4 ,you can use my name in advertising your medicines and ,i can warrant them to do all you claim for them4 ,respectfully yours1 ,mrs4 ,m4,f4 ,mc,d,a,n,i,e,l1 ,bee ,branch1 ,van ,buren ,co41 ,ark4 ,,torpid ,,liver1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,hudson1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,having suffered severely1 for a long time1 from a torpid liver1 indigestion1 constipation1 nervousness and general debility1 and finding no relief in my efforts to regain my health1 ,i was induced to try your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,under this treatment ,i improved very much1 and in a few months was able to attend to my professional duties4 ,i now feel very grateful for the benefits ,i have received from the use of your valuable medicines1 and recommended them to many of my friends and neighbors4 ,respectfully yours1 ,j4,f4 ,,hudson1 ,witcherville1 ,sebastian ,co41 ,ark4 ,,troublesome ,,complaints4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #fhc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,cheney4 ,gentlemen--,after using five bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 four bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 and about half-a-dozen packages of his ,pellets1 ,i am convinced that ,i am thoroughly cured of that dread disease1 known as dyspepsia1 and other troublesome complaints4 ,very sincerely yours1 ,,miss ,,hattie ,l4 ,,cheney1 ,sac ,city1 ,sac ,county1 ,iowa4 ,,liver ,,and ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ray4 ,gentlemen--,your kindness to me ,i can never forget1 ,i cannot express half my feelings of gratefulness to you4 ,i had despaired of ever getting well4 ,i had been in bad health twenty years--liver and kidneys1 all out of order and aches all through me2 numb hands and cold feet4 ,everything ,i ate distressed me1 bowels constipated1 was very nervous1 depressed and despondent2 in fact ,i can't express half my bad feelings to you4 ,when ,i first wrote to you1 ,i thought ,i would not live to get an answer from you4 ,i have taken twenty bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets4 ,my health is now very good4 ,you have my honest recommendations to all sufferers4 ,thankfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,rebecca ,,ray1 ,de,ann1 ,hempstead ,co41 ,ark4 ,,liver ,,and ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,w4 ,sweeney1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was for years hardly able to go about4 ,i suffered from liver and kidney trouble1 six different ,doctors treated me during that time but could do me no good4 ,i give your ,medical ,discovery the praise for my cure4 ,then1 too1 my wife had a bad case of ,asthma which was cured by the use of that wonderful blood-purifier4 ,yours truly1 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,sweeney1 ,haydentown1 ,pa4 ,,torpid ,,liver4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,bransford4 ,gentlemen--,i can truthfully say that ,i believe your ,golden ,medical ,discovery saved my life4 ,when ,i began your treatment two years ago1 ,i had been given up by the ,doctor1 and my friends had lost all hope of my recovery4 ,i had suffered for years with torpid liver2 ,i had chronic pleurisy and catarrh in a very bad form1 attended with hemorrhages--was confined to my bed two months4 ,in a few days after beginning your medicine ,i could perceive a slight change for the better2 in three months ,i felt almost like a new person4 ,yours very gratefully1 ,,mrs4 ,,maggie ,e4 ,,bransford1 ,williamsburg1 ,w4 ,va4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,martin4 ,,mrs4 ,j4,a4 ,,martin1 of ,cleburne1 ,texas1 had not had good health since the birth of her child1 eight years before2 had a headache with burning and throbbing sensations2 and a hurting in her stomach2 there was a dead aching and gnawing or drawing of the stomach as she described it2 sharp pain in the stomach extending to her right breast and shoulder4 ,weighed in health #abe pounds1 but was reduced to #ie pounds2 was weak2 could scarcely walk at all1 was sick at stomach a great deal2 when her monthly sickness came on had much pain and the sickness of the stomach remained until menstruation stopped4 ,she writes3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have taken about six bottles of your ',golden ,medical ,discovery' and ',favorite ,prescription1' and am glad to say that ,i feel better and stouter than ,i have felt in a long time4 ,i can work all day now and not be tired at night4 ,my head don't trouble me now4 ,when ,i commenced the use of the medicine ,i weighed #hi pounds1 and to-day ,i weigh #ih pounds4 ,i feel better than ,i have for months4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,consumption4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ferguson4 ,dear ,sir--,i was not able to do my work for nearly two years1 and ,i tried four different doctors and grew worse all the time4 ,then ,i began on your medicine and took twelve bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and one of ,favorite ,prescription1 and am able to do my work and feel as well as ,i have felt in years4 ,physicians called my disease ,dyspepsia and ,consumption4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,r4 ,,ferguson1 ,ink4 ,shannon ,co41 ,mo4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,costiveness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,wickline4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered a great deal with headache and dizziness in my head and costiveness4 ,my food would sour on my stomach and ,i would spit it up4 ,i also suffered with my back a great deal2 in fact1 ,i was entirely broken down4 ,had different doctors but none seemed to do me any good and ,i began to take your medicine--the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i have been enjoying better health since ,i have taken your medicine than ,i had for years before4 ,i have recommended it to my friends2 ,i believe it to be the best medicine in the world4 ,my sister has taken more of your medicine than ,i have2 her husband has also taken it2 she thinks there is no medicine in the world so good as ,dr4 ,pierce's4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,maggie ,,wickline1 ,box #ie1 ,pulaski ,city1 ,pulaski ,co41 ,va4 ,,dyspepsia ,,of ,,fifteen ,,years4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,strawderman4 ,gentlemen--,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription cured me of dyspepsia after fifteen years' suffering4 ,i doctored a great deal without receiving any benefit4 ,about four years ago my attention was called to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which was highly recommended for dyspepsia and ,i used three bottles of ,prescription and eight bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and they have done me more good than all other medicines ,i ever used4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,angeline ,,strawderman1 ,philippi1 ,barbour ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,shortness ,,of ,,breath4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,goodwin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was in bad health when ,i commenced your treatment2 ,i was troubled with my stomach1 and with shortness of breath4 ,everything ,i ate distressed me4 ,i lost flesh and strength and became very nervous and despondent4 ,i took eight bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and six bottles of ,pellets1 and they cured me4 ,i would advise all suffering people to go under your treatment4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,wright ,,goodwin1 ,gaylord1 ,beaufort ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,dyspepsia ,,in ,,its ,,worst ,,form4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4 ,dieterly1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,only those who have had dyspepsia in its worst forms know what it really can be4 ,what such a case needs ,i have found in your kindly encouragement1 and your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,although ,i can now claim1 if any one can1 that ,i have a cast iron stomach1 ,i always keep your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the ,pellets on hand when settling down from an active summer's vacation1 to quiet student life4 ,i heartily recommend these medicines to every one whose suffering is of the nature that mine was4 ,yours truly1 ,,ervin ,,dieterly1 ,gettysburgh1 ,pa4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hutchinson4 ,gentlemen--,words fail to describe my sufferings before ,i took your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i could not walk across the room without great suffering1 but now ,i am able to do my own work1 thanks to your wonderful medicines1 ,i am a well woman4 ,i suffered all the time with a weight in the bottom of my stomach1 and the most severe bearing-down pains1 low down1 across me1 with every step ,i attempted to take4 ,i also suffered intense pain in my back and right hip4 ,at times ,i could not turn myself in bed4 ,my complexion was yellow1 my eyes blood-shot1 and my whole system was a complete wreck4 ,i suffered greatly from headaches1 and the thought of food would sicken me4 ,now ,i can eat anything1 and at anytime4 ,my friends are all surprised at the great change in me4 ,every one thought ,i would not live through the month of ,august4 ,two of my neighbors are using your medicines1 and say they feel like new beings4 ,truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,,hutchinson1 ,cambridge1 ,dorchester ,co1 ,md4 ,,indigestion ,,and ,,nervousness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,livingston4 ,gentlemen--,i am a woman of fifty-six years of age4 ,had been troubled with ,indigestion for three years1 which1 ,i think1 resulted from change of life and overwork4 ,an eminent physician informed me ,i had no organic disease4 ,but ,i had distress after eating and was troubled with gas in parts affected1 an unpleasant taste in my mouth in the morning4 ,i was weak and nervous and had to live on a very light diet4 ,after taking your ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i was relieved of these symptoms4 ,i believe the results warrant me in recommending it to others4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,charles ,,livingston1 ,livingston1 ,grant ,co41 ,wis4 ,,indigestion ,,and ,,torpid ,,liver4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,m4 ,seavolt1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can heartily recommend your ,golden ,medical ,discovery to any one who is troubled with indigestion and torpid liver2 ,i was that bad it was about chronic with me4 ,all the other medicines could give me no relief2 but at last1 what came to my relief was that wonderful medicine1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i could scarcely eat anything--it would put me in terrible distress in my stomach2 ,i had a dull aching and grinding pain in my stomach with pain in my right side and back1 and headache1 bad taste in my mouth2 at night ,i was feverish and the soles of my feet burned4 ,i took four bottles of the ,discovery and two vials of the ,pellets4 ,i am well and hearty and can eat as well as any body can1--thanks to your ,discovery4 ,yours truly1 ,e4,m4 ,,seavolt1 ,no4 #dbg ,sandusky ,st41 ,mount ,vernon1 ,knox ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,disease ,,of ,,stomach4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,lewis1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,yours of the #dth instant was duly received4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending to the public your system of home-treatment for chronic diseases4 ,i am thankful to say ,i am in perfect health and have worked every day since ,i last wrote to you and have not taken a particle of medicine of any kind and am weighing about one hundred and eighty pounds4 ,i have taken your ,golden ,medical ,discovery with very satisfactory results1 and ,pleasant ,pellets also4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,arthur ,,lewis1 ,schoharie1 ,schoharie ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,rheumatism4 ,,what ,a ,,minister ,,says4 ,,cured ,,for #d4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,w4 ,williams4 ,gentlemen--,in the fall of last year ,i suffered from rheumatism in my left shoulder and elbow4 ,i tried a great many remedies1 recommended to me by friends1 but they all failed to afford relief4 ,from that time ,i began ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 until ,i felt that ,i was cured1 was a period covering four or five months4 ,while the attack lasted1 ,i suffered a great deal1 and could not dress or undress myself4 ,although ,i am #gc years old1 ,i now regard my health as splendid4 ,i had spent a great deal of money previously1 in various kinds of medicine1 but the ,discovery1 from the day ,i commenced until ,i was well1 cost only ,,four ,,dollars4 ,accept my gratitude1 and ,i beg to subscribe myself1 ,sincerely yours1 ,rev4 ,,wilson ,,williams1 ,trinity ,station1 ,morgan ,co41 ,ala4 ,,headache ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,wolfe4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered from loss of appetite1 constipation1 neuralgia1 and great weakness1 and had terrible attacks of sick headache very frequently2 also nose bleed4 ,my health was so poor that ,i was not able to go to school for two years4 ,i took ,doctor ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and in a short time ,i was strong and well4 ,many friends are taking your medicines seeing what they have done for me4 ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,bertha ,,wolfe1 ,markham1 ,cattaraugus ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,as ,,liver ,,pills1 ,,nothing ,,can ,,compare ,,with ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,pleasant ,,pellets4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,s4 ,baker1 ,sr4 ,there is nothing that can compare with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 as ,liver ,pills1 ,they have done me more good than any other medicine ,i have ever taken4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,samuel ,,baker1 ,no4 #afa ,summit ,ave41 ,phillipsburg4 ,n4,j4 ,,ulceration ,,of ,,bowels4 ,,severe ,,bleeding4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,aurelia ,vanzile4 ,gentlemen--,my friends said ,i would never be any better1 for ,i had ulceration of the bowels4 ,by the time ,i had taken a bottle and a half of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 the bleeding had almost stopped4 ,my appetite was good1 nothing seemed to hurt me that ,i ate4 ,my improvement was wonderful4 ,several years have passed and my cure is permanent4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,,aurelia ,,vanzile1 ,hamilton1 ,ind4 ,,bilious ,,attacks4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,i4,c4 ,seely1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,nine years ago ,i was taken with severe pains in my stomach and bowels which the usual home remedies failed to relieve2 after several days it passed off1 leaving me very sore and weak but in the course of a few weeks it came on again4 ,i called in a doctor--he treated me for biliousness2 ,i occasionally went several months without any attack and then it would come more severe than ever2 ,i could scarcely bear the weight of my clothes on my stomach and bowels4 ,i grew thin1 weak and despondent1--could do no work without bringing on terrible pain4 ,doctors treated me for catarrh of the head and stomach1 indigestion1 dyspepsia1 but all was of no avail2 the suffering gradually increased in severity and ,i despaired of any relief4 ,in #ahib ,i had a spell that was so severe ,i cramped from feet to neck4 ,the ,doctor said ,i must die--he couldn't do any thing for me4 ,after about five weeks in bed ,i could again sit up1 but the pain had settled in my right groin and limb4 ,relatives persuaded me to try ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,two thirds of the bottle was gone when ,i felt a change for the better2 ,i had one very light attack after the first bottle2 that has been seventeen months ago and ,i have had no more trouble4 ,i have taken ten bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,i am now well and able to support my family4 ,to any one with stomach and bowel trouble ,i will recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,medicine4 ,i am never without it in the house4 ,i remain1 yours1 ,i4,c4 ,,seely1 ,lindsborg1 ,mc,pherson ,co41 ,kans4 ,,dyspepsia--,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #fec ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,a4,l4 ,pierce4 ,gentlemen--,three years ago ,i was suffering from constipation1 distress in the stomach1 bowels1 feet and ankles bloated1 kidney and heart trouble1 loss of appetite1 bad taste in the mouth1 sour risings in the stomach1 and indigestion4 ,i was under the treatment of three physicians seven months4 ,one gave me up to die4 ,this was my condition when ,i was prevailed upon to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,i am well1 your medicines have cured me permanently4 ,had ,i the power and language to herald to the whole world the good qualities of your medicines1 ,i would most gladly do so1 as they have saved my life and brought health and happiness to me4 ,yours most sincerely1 ,,mrs4 ,a4,l4 ,,pierce1 ,stillwater1 ,penobscot ,co41 ,me4 ,,sores ,,in ,,mouth ,,due ,,to ,,indigestion4 ,illustration3 ,c4,k4 ,turney1 ,esq4 ,,chas4 ,,kellogg ,,turney1 ,,esq41 a prominent contractor and builder1 also well known as one of the accomplished singers at the ,chautauqua ,assembly1 and who does business at ,room #f1 ,bernard ,block1 ,collinwood1 ,cuyahoga ,county1 ,ohio1 writes3 ,i was troubled with little watery blisters which would form on the under side of my tongue1 and which proved very sore and troublesome4 ,becoming alarmed at the frequency of their appearance1 and having much faith in ,dr4 ,pierce and his associates1 ,i wrote to them for advice4 ,they recommended me to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which ,i did1 and after using two bottles my trouble entirely disappeared4 ,,gained ,,thirteen ,,pounds2 ,,catarrh ,,of ,,stomach4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,powell4 ,gentlemen--,two years ago ,i was pale and emaciated1 food fermented in my stomach4 ,a physician pronounced my case ,catarrh of the ,stomach1 but he could not help me4 ,i lived a month without solid food and when ,i tried to eat ,i would vomit4 ,at this time ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 and in two weeks ,i was decidedly better4 ,i am now in good health1 and never felt better in my life4 ,i have a better color1 eat more1 and have no distress after eating--having gained thirteen pounds since ,i began taking them4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,powell1 ,glen ,eaton1 ,marshall ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,chronic ,,diarrhea--,,dyspepsia4 ,illustration3 ,t4,l4 ,,hall1 ,,esq4 ,,thomas ,l4 ,,hall1 of ,creek1 ,westmoreland ,county1 ,pa41 had chronic diarrhea1 which his physician called dysentery4 ,he had been troubled more or less for five years2 had very severe attack fifteen months before writing us2 had not been able to work steadily for twelve months4 ,food sometimes passed undigested2 some days had three to six passages2 had watery and sour risings from the stomach2 backache2 was drowsy upon rising in the morning2 pain about the heart2 itching all over body and limbs4 ,he had three months' treatment at home--the special medicines being sent him by express4 ,he writes that he was greatly benefited by first week's treatment1 but continued and in three months was entirely well4 ,,dyspepsia--,,loss ,,of ,,flesh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4 ,,makson1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,three years ago ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery2 ,i weighed #adj pounds1 and now ,i weigh #age pounds1 so you see how ,i have gained in health and weight4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets are the best pills ,i ever took for the liver4 ,all my friends say they do them the most good4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,robert ,,manson1 ,west ,rye1 ,rockingham ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,terrible ,,dyspepsia ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,luke ,,cook4 ,mrs4 ,,luke ,,cook1 of ,grove1 ,newaygo ,co41 ,michigan1 writes3 ,i had been ill for five years4 ,my symptoms were pain in the stomach and bowels2 could eat nothing but stale bread and tea or coffee4 ,meat and vegetables passed through the bowels undigested in about two hours1 causing great pain4 ,i was all run-down4 ,tongue looked like a piece of raw meat4 ,one doctor pronounced my case cancer of the stomach4 ,i took treatment from five different physicians with but very little benefit--only temporary relief4 ,i got so weak ,i could scarcely walk around1 and suffered terrible agony4 ,after taking fifteen bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i am well and able to do my own work1 and frequently walk two miles and back the same day4 ,i am now sixty-eight years old4 ,,indigestion1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,nervousness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,a4 ,,baldwin1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for a long time ,i was suffering from indigestion1 catarrh and nervousness4 ,i was so run down that ,i could not go to school1 and1 as the various remedies ,i tried did me no good1 ,i applied to you1 and was advised to try a course of special treatment4 ,after taking only two months' medicines from your noble institution1 ,i feel perfectly restored to health4 ,i have1 moreover1 recovered my lost flesh1 and ,i am pleased to say need no further medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,e4,a4 ,,baldwin1 ,proctorsville1 ,windsor ,co41 ,vermont4 ,,general ,,debility1 ,,malaria1 ,,sick ,,headache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,l4 ,hall1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that your valuable medicine has been a great benefit to me4 ,i was suffering from general debility1 malaria and nervous sick headaches1 and after my third child was born 7a beautiful baby boy of ten pounds7 ,i only recovered after a long illness2 ,i barely gained strength enough in two years' time so that ,i was able to crawl about to accomplish the little housework that ,i had1 by lying down to read many times each day2 had sick headaches very often2 and many pains and aches1 all the time complaining of getting no better4 ,i finally asked my husband to get a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which he promptly did4 ,after ,i had taken one bottle ,i could see a great change in my strength1 and fewer sick headaches4 ,i continued taking the medicine until ,i had taken eight bottles--seven of the ,favorite ,prescription and one of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,for some time past ,i have not used it1 but ,i am now able to do the housework for myself1 husband and two children 7aged nine and five years74 ,i also take in dressmaking1 and enjoy walking a mile at a time1 and ,i think it is all due to the medicine1 for ,i know ,i was only failing fast before ,i commenced to take it4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending the ,favorite ,prescription to all women who suffer from debility and sick headache4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,,lansing1 ,fort ,edward1 ,washington ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,malarial ,,fever4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,mc,conell4 ,gentlemen--,my little girl1 eleven years old1 took malarial fever and lay #bb days in fever4 ,our family doctor was tending her twice a day2 she got no better2 ,i sent unbeknown to the doctor and got one bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets1 and one bottle of his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and commenced to give them to her as directed2 after taking the medicine three days1 the fever began to go down1 and the doctor came in and said3 what's the matter8 ,ida1 you have no fever this morning1 and laughed4 ,then ,i told him ,i had been giving ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,he didn't say a word--he was beaten4 ,my oldest daughter is improving by taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,elizabeth ,mc,c,o,n,e,l,l1 ,payne1 ,paulding ,co41 ,o4 ,,general ,,dropsy4 ,,tapping ,,and ,,medication ,,conquers ,,the ,,disease ,,after ,,it ,,had ,,run #bb ,,years4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,l4 ,waters1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to acknowledge that you have cured me of the worst dropsy that ever came within my knowledge1 it having afflicted me twenty-two years4 ,after ,i had suffered much from other surgeons without any cure being effected1 and with only relief for a short time1 you performed a not only painless but very scientific operation1 and with medicine completed the cure4 ,it is now five years since you treated me and no symptoms of the disease have shown themselves4 ,i will also add that while with you at the ,invalids' ,hotel ,i received the best of care and attention from the well trained nurses in your employ1 for all of which ,i feel grateful4 ,with respect and best wishes1 ,,edwin ,l4 ,,waters1 ,,athol ,,centre1 ,,mass4 ,,reduced ,,to ,a ,,skeleton4 ,,chronic ,,diarrhea--,,dyspepsia ,,cured ,,by ,,two ,,months' ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,t4 ,yerby1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,to all sufferers from chronic diseases ,i want to say that ,i suffered for six years1 and was under fourteen different doctors in city and country4 ,they could not reach my case2 ,i was given up to die2 my sufferings were indescribable2 ,i could not retain food on my stomach2 could not control my bowels at times2 suffered great pain2 could not sleep at night2 ,i was reduced to a skeleton2 in health ,i weighed #ahj2 then only #aaa2 ,i now weigh as much as ,i did before ,i was sick4 ,i am sixty years old1 but feel young and active2 ,i owe it to the medicines you sent to me4 ,after taking it two months ,i was out of bed attending to my work2 my friends could hardly believe it was ,i when they would meet me out away from home4 ,i consider my cure as almost miraculous4 ,respectfully1 ,,jos4 ,t4 ,,yerby1 ,white ,stone1 ,lancaster ,co41 ,va4 ,,chronic ,,diarrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,i4,g4 ,hamilton1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is now nine years since ,i was afflicted with the above disease1 which reduced me to a mere skeleton1 and my friends had very little hope of my recovery4 ,after trying different doctors1 and many other remedies for a year1 from which ,i received little or no benefit1 ,i was advised to try ,dr4 ,pierce's special treatment1 which ,i did1 and after two months ,i was a well1 strong1 healthy man1 and have been ever since4 ,yours1 etc41 ,,isaac ,g4 ,,hamilton1 ,baie ,verte1 ,westmoreland ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,dyspepsia ,,or ,,indigestion4 ,,kidney ,,disease ,,and ,,rupture4 ,illustration3 ,a4,n4 ,kingsley1 ,esq4 ,the following is from the widely-known and popular proprietor of the ,kingsley ,house at ,ashuelot1 ,n4,h43 ,it may seem useless to add testimony to the overwhelming mass already given of the many remarkable cures performed at your ,institution1 but ,i deem it a pleasure and a duty to add mine to your long list as very remarkable4 ,i had a rupture of twenty-seven years' standing1 with hemorrhage of the kidney for six months1 preceding my visit to your ,institute1 and was also troubled badly with indigestion1 all of which ailments had reduced me in strength and flesh to a mere skeleton4 ,had been treated by many local physicians1 who failed to do me any good4 ,i could walk but a very short distance when ,i left my home on the #hth of ,july1 #ahib1 for treatment at your ,institution1 with but little faith or hope of ever being any better4 ,but through your skillful treatment ,i was able to return to my home on the #ith of ,august1 #ahib1 and consider myself permanently cured1 having had to take no medicine since4 ,considering my case almost a miracle1 ,i cannot speak too highly of your ,institute and skillful treatment1 to which ,i feel that ,i am indebted for my continued existence4 ,you are at liberty to refer to me1 and to use this as you see fit4 ,very respectfully1 ,a4,n4 ,,kingsley1 ,ashuelot1 ,cheshire ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,nervous ,,prostration1 ,,sleeplessness4 ,illustration3 ,j4,t4 ,townsend1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,j4,t4 ,,townsend1 of ,noah1 ,coffee ,county1 ,tenn41 consulted us by letter4 ,he was suffering from great nervous prostration2 could not walk without tottering2 was troubled greatly with inability to sleep2 poor appetite2 did not relish food2 suffered much pain and stiffness in the joints2 was overcome with neat working on a thresher1 followed by persistent nausea1 confusion of ideas1 his memory being very defective4 ,after taking a single course of treatment1 the medicines being sent by express1 he writes as follows3 ,the medicine you sent me lasted me five weeks1 and proved very beneficial indeed4 ,i believe it1 under ,god1 was the means of saving me from a premature grave4 ,when ,i received the medicine1 ,i had just gotten rid of an attack of bilious fever1 which left me in a deplorable condition4 ,i was very week and nervous1 but my improvement commenced with the first dose of your medicine1 so by the time my medicine was out ,i felt better than ,i had for years1 and now have no indication of a return of my trouble4 ,a month later he writes3 ,i continue to enjoy the most perfect health4 ,every organ of my body1 and every faculty of my mind1 is in splendid condition1 which makes life worth living4 ,i have gained twenty-one pounds since ,i have been able to attend to business4 ,please accept my profound thanks for your promptness in sending me my medicines4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,piles1 ,,catarrh1 ,,heart ,,symptoms4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,talbott1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,the effect of your remedies is little short of a miracle4 ,my general make-up and appearance are astonishing2 my cheeks rosy1 eyes bright1 circles nearly all gone from under eyes2 am fleshier1 stronger1 more active1 and an entirely different man4 ,no piles1 catarrh1 heart trouble2 no chills and fever2 no despondency1 no anything4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,,talbott1 ,pennsylvania ,agricultural ,works1 ,york1 ,york ,co41 ,penn4 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,catarrh ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4 ,eberhardt1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to inform you that my catarrh and dyspeptic symptoms have all vanished4 ,i am no longer troubled with headache and stoppage of the nose1 my stomach is in good order1 and ,i enjoy three hearty meals daily without any bad feelings4 ,i have gained in almost every respect1 particularly in weight and strength1 since beginning the use of your specially prepared medicines4 ,by continuing to follow your special hygienic rules1 ,i believe no relapse will occur4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,berthold ,,eberhardt1 ,n4,e4 ,cor4 #ajth1 and ,callowhill ,streets1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,indigestion1 ,,constipation1 ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,joslyn4 ,gentlemen--,some months ago ,i consulted your specialist concerning my health1 which had at that time become very much impaired from the effects of uterine disease1 indigestion and chronic constipation4 ,i was also troubled with frequent attacks of nervous headache which rendered me very miserable4 ,a line of treatment was outlined by your specialist1 which ,i followed closely1 and ,i immediately began to improve under the use of the medicine advised4 ,the benefits wore so marked that within two or three months ,i was able to discontinue the use of the medicine1 and have since that time been enjoying good health4 ,i attribute my cure to the use of your medicines1 and ,i heartily thank you for the benefits received1 as well as for the kind attention given me by your specialist4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,ida ,m4 ,,joslyn1 ,groton1 ,conn4 ,,chronic ,,bronchitis ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,rosenberger1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,several years ago ,i spent many dollars for medicine1 but in vain1 and expected to die with consumption4 ,but hearing of your ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,i visited you4 ,to your advice and treatment ,i owe my life and present good health4 ,hoping-that you and your eminent faculty may be spared many years to cure the afflicted1 ,i send you my best wishes4 ,yours truly1 ,,albert ,,rosenberger1 ,la ,otto1 ,noble ,co41 ,ind4 ,a ,,complete ,,collapse4 ,,stomach ,,troubles ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,l4 ,warner1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,fifteen years ago ,i felt the first effect of a diseased stomach4 ,it was very light at first1 but as time went on it gradually grew worse4 ,i did not suffer much at first--say for the first five years2 but after that it was continual suffering all the time 7and growing worse all the time71 until just two years ago1 when ,i completely collapsed1 and had to give up all thoughts of work4 ,i have not done a day's work since1 but am now ready to go to work again4 ,during the last five years ,i have been doctoring with as many as six different doctors here and in ,san ,francisco4 ,i was with one specialist here in my city five months1 but none of the doctors gave me even temporary relief4 ,the main symptoms of my disease were that my food would sour on my stomach and give me an awful heart-burn4 ,i would bloat and have sour risings1 and an awful burning sensation in my chest which would bring the tears4 ,i have felt many times that ,i would like to leave this world4 ,in looking over the ads4 in the ,san ,francisco ,examiner1 ,i ran across yours--stating that any one who would send twenty-one one-cent stamps to the address given would receive ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser ,i did as requested1 and read a copy1 and ,i now owe my life and present good health to ,dr4 ,pierce and his noble staff of physicians4 ,i have now taken fourteen bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and four bottles of the ,pleasant ,pellets1 and will say that ,i am entirely well of all my stomach troubles4 ,can sleep nine hours every night4 ,a word to those who are taking or contemplating taking this grand remedy4 ,do not give up with one or two bottles1 but continue on1 and it will cure you as sure as the sun shines above4 ,gratefully yours1 ,j4,l4 ,,warner1 #ajje ,fourth ,street1 ,sacramento1 ,cal4 ,,nervous ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,smith1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for over twelve years ,i was a great sufferer from nervous indigestion and acidity of the stomach4 ,i tried some of the best doctors1 both in ,england and this country1 but did not find permanent relief until ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the medicine prepared for me by the specialist at this famous institution was so effectual that ,i feel that ,i am perfectly cured4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the ,staff of ,physicians is skillful and of large experience1 and the institution itself1 in all its appointments1 excellent and in advance of the age4 ,i highly recommend it to all the afflicted1 feeling confident that all the benefit to be derived from medical or surgical treatment can be had at that institution4 ,,joseph ,,smith1 ,no4 #bjj ,eighth ,street1 ,olean1 ,n4,y4 ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,dyspepsia1 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,johnson4 ,mrs4 ,,johanna ,,johnson1 of ,big ,springs1 ,union ,co41 ,south ,dak41 forty-six years old4 ,a pain began in the stomach1 a sort of cramp2 extended to the chest1 shoulders and arms1 also affecting the spinal column opposite the location of pain2 had a hard lump that felt like lead in the pit of her stomach4 ,pain was brought on sometimes by eating something that at other times she could eat with impunity4 ,attacks of pain lasted usually about three days4 ,after the pain would leave1 she was weak and sore4 ,sometimes attacks would come on every day4 ,had two months' special treatment4 ,reports five months afterwards as follows3 ,since taking your medicine1 ,i am a new person2 at least ,i feel so4 ,i have used only one-half of the last set of medicines1 and think ,i will not need to continue4 ,a lady similarly afflicted is trying some of my medicine1 and will order from you direct4 ,i am glad to know where to direct the sick1 and where the most good can be had for one's money4 ,i am feeling well1 and can work as formerly4 ,,indigestion ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,o4,f4 ,sinigar1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with chronic indigestion and constipation4 ,had to be constantly taking physic1 and finally was compelled to resort to hot water injections regularly to move my bowels4 ,this got to be a great drudge to me4 ,i took treatment from the leading physicians of this part of the country for my stomach and bowel troubles1 and spent over one hundred dollars in this way1 but they did me no good whatever4 ,i got so bad that ,i began to think my time on earth was short1 and did not care if ,i lived or died4 ,i had to stop work2 everything was a burden to me1 until at last ,i tried your ,institution4 ,i went there1 and you said you could help me1 and those words sounded so good to me1 as ,i thought ,i never could get well again4 ,after taking your special home-treatment for five months1 ,i was in the enjoyment of perfect health4 ,this was two years ago1 and ever since my bowels have moved regularly1 and ,i have not taken any medicine to make them move4 ,i cannot find words in which to express my sincere thanks for the almost immediate relief4 ,i received from your specialists1 and will say ,i am now enjoying the very best of health4 ,yours with respect1 ,,orwig ,f4 ,,sinigar1 ,no4 #ga ,feather ,st41 ,canton1 ,ohio4 ,,fistula ,,in ,,ano1 ,,piles1 ,,prolapse ,,of ,,rectum4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,n4,t4 ,roberts1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for more than twelve years ,i have been a sufferer with a complication of rectal troubles2 pile tumors1 prolapsus and fistula in ,ano4 ,i have been under the treatment of our most skilled practitioners1 by ligature1 carbolic acid1 constitutional treatment1 change of climate and the celebrated ,brinkerhoff treatment1 and also tried all of the local guaranteed nostrums1 from all of which ,i have been only temporarily relieved4 ,the old troubles would in a short time return1 and with seemingly renewed vigor4 ,with fast failing health and terrible nerve prostration1 ,i left home the #ast day of ,october last1 to take a two weeks' trip1 hoping for some temporary relief4 ,on the trip ,i stopped over at ,buffalo1 and having several years before been in correspondence with the ,infirmary1 concluded to consult you4 ,i did so with little hope of a beneficial result4 ,from the manner in which ,i was received and the satisfactory diagnosis of my case1 ,i placed myself under your treatment4 ,on the #afth day of ,october you operated upon me with such complete and satisfactory success1 that ,i am now a sound and happy man1 and am confident that had ,i been treated by you ten years ago that ,i would now be twenty years younger in feeling and thousands of dollars better off4 ,it affords me pleasure1 doctors1 to recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute to all of the afflicted1 and to assure them of the most skillful treatment1 honest and polite attention1 and with the assurance of my kindest and most grateful remembrance1 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,n4,t4 ,,roberts1 ,pine ,bluff1 ,ark4 ,,rectal ,,fistula4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lothrop4 ,gentlemen--,having been a great sufferer for years and receiving little or no benefit from other physicians1 ,i determined to try your ,institution1 and with grateful results4 ,having a successful operation for a fistula 7of five years' standing7 without the knife1 while other home-physicians advised me there were no other means4 ,and my troubles are yielding slowly but surely2 my general health is better than for twelve years--all of which ,i owe to ,dr4 ,pierce1 and his skillful physicians and surgeons4 ,please accept my sincere thanks for the kindness shown me while an inmate by all connected with the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,i shall heartily recommend your ,institution to all sufferers4 ,yours gratefully1 ,,mrs4 ,m4,b4 ,,lothrop1 ,villa ,park1 ,orange ,co41 ,cal4 ,,uterine ,,and ,,rectal ,,disease4 ,,home ,,physicians ,,failed4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,clawson4 ,to whom it may concern--,i was greatly afflicted with ,uterine and ,rectal disease4 ,my disease was of very long standing and had baffled the skill of our home physicians4 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and received treatment of their specialist4 ,under his skillful care and kind attention ,i soon regained my strength and felt that my former life and ambition were again restored to me4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of this famous ,institution2 the rooms are large and cheerful1 the food of the very best1 the nurses kind and attentive1 and the staff of physicians and surgeons skillful and of large experience4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,chas4 ,,clawson1 ,middlesex1 ,yates ,co1 ,n4,y4 ,,rectal ,,fistula ,,with ,,blood-,,poisoning1 ,,cured ,,by ,a ,,safe ,,and ,,painless ,,method4 ,a ,,prominent ,,merchant ,,testifies ,,to ,,the ,,superior ,,methods ,,employed ,,at ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,saton1 ,esq4 ,it is with pleasure that ,i testify to the cure of the ,fistula1 for which you treated me4 ,i had suffered from it for a long time1 and felt that it was likely to seriously undermine my health and poison my system4 ,i had deterred having it treated from the fears of the cutting operation in common use by physicians in the large hospitals and by surgeons in general practice4 ,my fears were grounded on the fatal results that had followed in cases in my knowledge4 ,i am thankful that ,i placed my case in the hands of your experienced specialists for treatment4 ,the result has been a perfect cure4 ,the treatment of the blood-poison that you gave me was successful in eliminating it all from my system1 and ,i have since enjoyed perfect health1 and no recurrence whatever of the fistula4 ,it has been now many years since ,i was cured1 and ,i thank you most sincerely for the good results that were brought about in my case4 ,i can recommend your institution as one in which all the requirements of an invalid are fully met4 ,yours truly1 ,j4,f4 ,,eaton1 ,auburn1 ,mo41 ,box #hjf4 ,,rectal ,,fistula ,,and ,,nervous ,,prostration-,,rupture4 ,illustration3 ,m4,l4 ,stigers1 ,esq4 ,to the afflicted public3 ,it becomes my pleasant duty to recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 as an ,institution for the successful treatment of surgical cases and chronic ailments of every description4 ,it is with especial pleasure that ,i recommend the surgeon-in-chief of the ,hotel1 who is a skilled surgeon1 one who stands at the head of the profession4 ,the appointments of the ,hotel are excellent4 ,i was afflicted with an ,anal ,fistula 7a very bad one it proved to be74 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel for treatment4 ,was placed under the care of your surgeon1 who treated my case with such skill1 that the parts are healed soundly4 ,i recommended a friend of mine1 who had a rupture1 to go to you for treatment4 ,he did so and was soundly healed of his trouble4 ,i will cheerfully answer all communications relative to my stay at the ,invalids' ,hotel1 provided a stamp is enclosed for return postage4 ,yours truly1 ,m4,l4 ,,stigers1 ,menlo1 ,iowa4 ,,anal ,,fistula4 ,,complicated ,,case ,,of ,,heart ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,n4,s4 ,johnson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i feel that it is my duty to suffering humanity to let them know of your great success with me4 ,i had a chronic disease that ,i had suffered with for sixteen years1 and last ,november1 owing to a fall1 the disease doubled on me4 ,i was confined to my bed for months1 and the best surgeons of our city attended me daily4 ,i continually grew worse4 ,after consultation they decided that the knife must be used1 which is attended with great pain and danger4 ,i wrote you and stated my case2 you said you could entirely cure me without pain1 also without the use of the knife4 ,i determined to go to ,buffalo4 ,arrived there the #ahth of ,march1 and on the #bjth of ,april ,i was at home entirely cured1 and have enjoyed better health than for years4 ,you also treated my wife for heart trouble1 and greatly benefited her4 ,the thoroughness of your methods1 preparing the system1 etc41 greatly adds to your success1 as well as your skillful treatment4 ,i shall ever hold the surgeons at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute as a green spot in my memory4 ,yours respectfully1 ,n4,s4 ,,johnson1 ,bloomfield1 ,iowa4 ,,hernia ,,and ,,piles ,,cured ,,without ,,pain4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,j4 ,app1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have been successfully treated at your institution for piles and also rupture of the left side4 ,your institution is all it claims to be1 and the treatment of my case was accomplished without pain and apparently any risk4 ,your method of using locally cocaine as an ansthetic is such a decided improvement4 ,i did not have to take any dangerous ether or chloroform1 but had a small quantity of medicine injected that made the operation as painless as though it was being done on some one else4 ,at the same time ,i knew everything and could see what was being done4 ,you have my kindest thanks for the good care and many attentions given me4 ,your nurses and physicians all give kind and skillful care4 ,yours very truly1 ,j4,j4 ,,app1 ,bolivar1 ,tuscarawas ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,large ,,pile ,,tumors4 ,illustration3 ,j4,c4 ,bagley1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i was afflicted with piles for many years1 brought on by heavy lifting during the war4 ,my suffering was extreme1 and the pile tumors gradually increased in size1 notwithstanding the fact that ,i tried many different kinds of treatment4 ,after becoming physically incapacitated and unable to do any work at all1 and after much hesitation1 ,i visited your institution as the last resort4 ,i am happy to state that my visit there has resulted in a complete and permanent cure4 ,a year or more has now elapsed since ,i placed myself under the care of your specialist1 and ,i wish to thank you most heartily1 for the attention which ,i received while there1 and for the cure which has been accomplished in my case4 ,i cannot say enough in favor of you and your staff of physicians who gave every attention1 and whose treatment has been so successful4 ,all suffering has entirely vanished1 and ,i have gained about #ce pounds in flesh4 ,respectfully yours1 ,j4,c4 ,,bagley1 ,watts ,flats1 ,chaut4 ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,large ,,pile ,,tumors2 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,of ,,bladder4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,p4 ,crump1 ,esq4 ,i was troubled with piles for thirty years4 ,these were very mild at first but gradually increased in severity1 and ,i was unable to get anything which would relieve them4 ,they gradually increased in size1 and for a good many years past have caused me a great amount of pain4 ,the tumors became of large size and protruded whenever ,i lifted anything heavy or strained in the least2 also bled copiously at times4 ,this1 together with chronic inflammation of the bladder1 with which ,i have also suffered for some years1 rendered my life miserable4 ,physicians at home gave up my case as hopeless1 and said that they did not think ,i could be benefited1 and certainly not cured4 ,i visited your ,institution1 hoping to obtain relief1 but with very little faith1 and am happy to say that the treatment which ,i obtained there has resulted in a permanent cure of the piles1 and the inflammation of the bladder has been so greatly relieved that at present ,i have no suffering of any kind4 ,the cure is complete and ,i feel like a new person4 ,in fact ,i have not experienced such comfort in many years4 ,i shall always appreciate the kindness and attention shown me by your staff of physicians1 and also by the nurses in your ,institution1 and shall advise my afflicted friends to make you a visit4 ,very respectfully1 ,,peter ,,crump1 ,dennison1 ,goodhue ,co41 ,minn4 ,,pile ,,tumors4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,s4,h4 ,crosby1 ,esq4 ,since the spring of #ahgb1 ,i have been troubled with pains in head1 the result of sun-stroke while in the ,u4,s4 army1 and pile tumor growth4 ,for the last named disease ,i was treated at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in ,june of #ahhg1 and the growth1 as ,i believe1 is killed1 and the result has been a great benefit to my general health4 ,i am quite comfortable and with strength to look after my little work and superintend the same1 much better than before treatment1 for which benefit please accept my thanks4 ,yours respectfully1 ,s4,h4 ,,crosby1 ,manito1 ,mason ,co41 ,ill4 ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,piles ,,cured ,,by ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i received a few days ago a communication from you requesting a photo1 of myself4 ,i will say that ,i am sorry1 but ,i have had no photograph of myself taken since ,i was a child1 but will gladly give you a testimonial and ,i will answer by letter any skeptical ones that you refer to me1 provided they send a return addressed and stamped envelope for reply4 ,just one year ago1 ,i was suffering untold agonies from internal piles and prolapsus of the rectum3 my bodily pain was so great that the mental strain was almost more than ,i could stand4 ,i was useless to myself and family and had about persuaded myself it would be better to take my life1 and ,i think ,i should have done so had not a copy of the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser happened to fall into my hands4 ,i was not certain just what my trouble was1 at least what to call it4 ,i began the ,chapter treating on ,pile ,tumors1 and then ,i realized just what my trouble was4 ,i wrote you and received encouragement4 ,i sent for a month's treatment and it was certainly the best investment ,i ever made4 ,i received the medicines at noon--read the directions carefully and commenced at once to carry them out4 ,i seemed better the next day4 ,i suffered less1 and in a few days there was a decided change for the better4 ,i continued the medicine until ,i had taken all of it2 ,i have not taken any since1 except occasionally a few of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets1 just enough to act as a mild laxative4 ,i am perfectly well4 ,i was always more or less constipated all my life4 ,i now understand that by keeping the bowels open and in good order1 ,i could have avoided all of the suffering that ,i have gone through2 my friends all think my recovery almost a miracle4 ,i feel1 ,oh1 so grateful to you1 ,i shall never fail to speak a word in your favor to suffering humanity4 ,respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,j4,w4 ,heist ,fayette1 ,howard ,co41 ,mo4 ,,piles ,,and ,,chronic ,,diarrhea4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,j4 ,bradford1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,i was a great sufferer for thirty years from piles1 and take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the fact1 that since you treated me1 seven years since1 ,i have not had a symptom of piles4 ,at the above stated period ,i had also been a sufferer from diarrhea1 in its most aggravating form1 for three and a half years1 and ,i was completely and radically cured of that1 also4 ,i beg to assure you1 and your noble associates1 of my lasting gratitude1 and feel no hesitancy in expressing the opinion that but for your great skill in treating me1 ,i should have been in my grave4 ,i state for the benefit of all those who may be similarly afflicted that if they will place themselves in your hands1 you will goon effect radical cures4 ,,john ,j4 ,,bradford1 ,augusta1 ,perry ,co41 ,miss4 ,,large ,,pile ,,tumors4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,l4,h4 ,esety1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,allow me to thank you for the kind attention and skillful treatment ,i received while at your ,institution for five weeks' treatment4 ,i cannot speak too favorably of your ,institution4 ,you have my best wishes for your continued success4 ,respectfully yours1 ,l4,h4 ,,estey1 ,hinsdale1 ,cheshire ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,headache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4 ,vargason1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have used your medicines for a number of years1 and know that they do for me all that is claimed for them4 ,i am employed mostly at my desk1 and not infrequently have an attack of the headache4 ,it usually comes on in the forenoon4 ,at my dinner ,i eat my regular meal1 and take one or two of ,doctor ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets immediately after1 and in the course of an hour my headache is cured and no bad effects4 ,i feel better every way for having taken them--not worse1 as is usual after taking other kinds of pills4 ,your ,pleasant ,pellets are worth more than their weight in gold1 if for nothing else than to cure headache4 ,very respectfully1 ,e4 ,,vargason1 ,otter ,lake1 ,lapeer ,co41 ,mich4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,neuralgia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,gwin4 ,gentlemen--,before using your medicines1 my food would not digest2 then neuralgia set in1 and ,i suffered severe pain through my sides1 shoulders1 breast and stomach4 ,bilious attacks were frequent2 then my flesh began stinging and my heart began beating badly and making me so that ,i could not lift a chair1 and all together threw me into a cramp and a numbness1 and the family thought ,i was dying1 and sent for another doctor who said it was hard to do anything for me2 he visited me almost six years and did not help me2 the pain was so great ,i had to scream2 ,i said to my doctor1 can you give me something and he said1 yes1 but it will not do you any good4 ,i told him he had not done me any good in six years1 and ,i would quit him4 ,i saw ,i was almost gone1 very pale and weak and did not eat anything4 ,i began your ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and one-half bottle helped me so much ,i began work and improved fast2 it helped me so ,i got #aj bottles4 ,while using them my friends said when ,i quit ,i would be just as bad as ever4 ,it has been five years and no need of a doctor yet1 and ,i will say that ,i think it cannot be beat1 and ,i will still believe in it1 for if it had not been for the ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i would have been in my grave4 ,your medicines have helped my brother1 and father is using it now and it is helping him4 ,i remain4 ,your true friend1 ,miss ,c4,b4 ,,gwin1 ,cowardin1 ,bath ,co41 ,va4 ,,bloating ,,of ,,bowels1 ,,caused ,,by ,,liver ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,,mr4 ,g4,s4 ,,watring ,gentlemen--,my son1 aged fourteen years1 was taken with bloating of the abdomen2 this would go down leaving the parts so sore he could scarcely stand4 ,we had three different doctors to treat him1 but he grew steadily worse4 ,we then commenced giving him ,dr4 ,pierre's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and after using it three days he commenced to improve4 ,last summer he had so fully recovered his health as to make a full hand in the harvest field4 ,he took1 in all1 only six bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and it saved his life4 ,respectfully yours1 ,j4,b4 ,,watring1 ,lead ,mine1 ,tucker ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,nervous ,,dyspepsia2 ,,uterine ,,and ,,spinal ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo4 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,nay4 ,gentlemen--,i had nervous dyspepsia for twenty years1 followed by uterine and spinal weakness with irritation of the same4 ,in the ,spring of #ahij ,i became so exhausted that ,i was compelled to keep to my bed with symptoms of paralysis in the lower limbs1 and many other distressing symptoms4 ,i accidentally obtained one of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,medical ,advisers from a friend1 and finding my ailments so well described therein1 ,i wrote to ,dr4 ,pierce for his advice1 which he sent by return mail4 ,for my recovery he requested me to use his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 his ,favorite ,prescription1 and his ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,he also gave me some directions for every-day living4 ,these means accomplished my complete cure4 ,i am thankful that we can have such reliable medicines brought into our homes without great expense4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,america ,,nay1 ,volga1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,ind4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,torpid ,,liver--,,terrible ,,suffering4 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,o',,bannon ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce3 ,dear ,sir--,when ,i commenced your medicines1 had headache all the time1 indigestion1 pain in my back and loins1 soreness and stiffness in my joints1 my limbs ached so ,i could not sleep at night3 ,i could not lie in bed more than two or three hours any night2 when ,i would lie my head on the pillow ,i would have to rise immediately to get breath1 sit up and walk the floor very near all night4 ,i could not eat anything that would digest2 ,i would do the cooking for the family1 but ,i was in so much pain the tears were in my eyes all the time ,i would get a meal ready4 ,i would take one mouthful of bread and then go off and sit down and cry with hunger1 but dare not eat any more1 and then would have to vomit from that one mouthful of bread--,i would have such weak spells ,i could not stand on my feet4 ,i had tried five doctors1 they had done me no good2 ,i had given up--never to take anything more1 only to lull the pain4 ,i had given up to die when ,i received a pamphlet and some papers from you4 ,i decided to try once more and ,i have been improving ever since ,i commenced your treatment2 my health is better than it has been for fifteen years2 ,i weighed one hundred pounds when ,i began taking your medicines2 now ,i weigh one hundred and thirty1 as much as ,i ever weighed4 ,i have taken ten bottles of ,favorite ,prescription and still more of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and several vials of the ,pellets4 ,your sincere friend1 ,,mrs4 ,m4,h4 ,o',,bannon1 ,lameta1 ,leake ,co41 ,miss4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,nervous ,system4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,nervous ,,system4 ,the nerves of the human body are not unlike the vast telegraph system of this continent4 ,the millions of nerve filaments are similar to the network of wires that keep all the cities in close sympathy and communion4 ,the nerves have to deal with organs instead of villages1 and with cells in place of individuals4 ,commerce is regulated and train loads of food supplies dispatched here and there by telegraph1 while in the body the nerves send their analogue1 increased blood and nourishment1 where it is required4 ,illustration3 ,view on roof of ,western ,union ,telegraph ,company's ,central ,station1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 showing net-work of wires leading to all parts of the country4 ,the various organs of sense receive manifold impressions of conditions to be met1 food required and dangers to be avoided and the nerves transmit these impressions telegraphically to the brain4 ,the structure of the brain1 spinal cord and sympathetic nerves1 is not unlike a gigantic and complicated galvanic battery4 ,the number of cells in the brain and spine are more numerous1 by many millions1 than those supplying any telegraph system4 ,as the blood supplies each cell with its necessary nourishment and removes its used up or waste materials1 so does the workman give each cell of his battery fresh chemicals from time to time1 and removes the used up waste4 ,the wires that lead from this battery to every part of the country are like the nerve filaments that go to each part of the human body and make them all--no matter how minute--perform their functions in a proper manner1 and1 when done1 permit them to retire to rest4 ,with the complicated human structure1 when disease takes hold1 we have the same troubles that would be presented were the telegraph operators suddenly to become ill4 ,what confusion and discord would prevail6 ,if the sickness is severe enough to cause delirium1 it would be as though madmen were at the telegraph keys dispatching trains of passenger cars which could hardly fail to bring injury and destruction to unwary travelers4 ,in health1 we are unaware of the work of the nerves4 ,the wheels of life move without noise4 ,few realize that the cavities of the heart 7auricles and ventricles7 are contracting steadily and alternately under the guidance of nerve cells4 ,by this means the stream of blood1 laden with nourishment1 is sent to every part of the body4 ,silently the stomach pours out1 under nerve influence1 its juices that dissolve and change parts of the food1 that it may pass into the blood in condition to nourish4 ,in a similar way1 the pancreas pours out a fluid that digests the fats4 ,the muscular fibres of the intestines are caused to contract rhythmically and force along the bolus of digested food1 so that its soluble parts may be taken up by the minute absorbent vessels to enrich the blood4 ,all these things of most vital importance we know least about4 ,they go on1 from day to day1 without our being aware of the work done4 ,let something interfere with the process1 and how quickly is the sensation changed4 ,few there are who have not felt the agony of colic pain1 due to stoppage of digestion4 ,what suffering is greater than the sense of awful suffocation from a heart that is not acting well8 ,these are only familiar illustrations of a thousand and one distressing derangements and symptoms that come from exhaustion and prostration of the nervous system4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,or ,,exhaustion4 ,this affection1 also popularly known as ,nervous ,prostration1 or ,nervous ,weakness1 and1 to the medical profession1 as ,neurasthenia1 or ,nervous ,asthenia1 is becoming alarmingly prevalent4 ,the wear1 tear and strain of modern life are concentrated upon the nervous system4 ,the care and consequent fret1 worry and labor of this age are greater than ever before known4 ,the result of this extreme activity1 is exhaustion and weakness4 ,physical bankruptcy is the result of drawing incessantly upon the reserve capital of nerve force4 ,we extract the following from an article which recently appeared ,in the ,new ,york ,tribune3 ,,an ,,age ,,of ,,nervousness4 ,the stone age1 the bronze age and the iron age1 we have heard of2 likewise of the ,dark ,ages1 and other self-marking eras in human history4 ,as for the present1 it might with fitness be known as the age of engineering1 or of electricity1 both of which proud titles it has won by its achievements4 ,yet there is also a less roseate view to be taken of it1 and another title to be given to it1 based upon its too-evident frailties2 namely1 that it is an age of nervousness4 ,such is the view taken by the famous psychologist1 ,dr4 ,william ,erb1 of the ,university of ,heidelberg4 ,nervousness1 he says1 meaning nervous excitement1 nervous weakness1 is the growing malady of the day1 the physiological feature of the age4 ,hysteria1 hypochondria and neurasthenia are increasing with fearful rapidity among both sexes4 ,they begin in childhood1 if not indeed inherited4 ,minds are overburdened in school1 with too much teaching or misdirected teaching4 ,the pleasures of social life follow1 overexerting the already enfeebled nervous system4 ,business life is made up of hurry and worry and shocks and excitements4 ,society1 science1 business1 art1 literature1 even religion1 are all pervaded by a spirit of unrest1 and by a competitive zeal which urges its victims on remorselessly4 ,no man knows repose4 ,the result is1 wreckage4 ,the pharmacopoeia is overcrowded with nerve tonics1 nerve stimulants1 nerve sedatives4 ,the medical profession devotes its best energies to the treatment of neuropaths4 ,and as a people we are1 or are becoming1 excitable1 irritable1 morbid1 prone to sudden collapse through snapping of the overtense chord of the nervous vitality4 ,nowhere are the rush and hurry and overstrain of life more marked than in this much-achieving ,nation4 ,the comparative youth and freshness and vigor of the ,american people enable them to do and to endure what would be beyond the power of an older and more worn-out community4 ,yet there is no disguising the fact that the pace tells even here1 and often tells to kill4 ,true1 all the tendencies of the age are in that direction4 ,inventions1 discoveries1 achievements of science1 all add to the sum of that which is to be learned1 and widen the field in which there is work to be done4 ,what we need to learn is1 however1 that all these things are for man1 not man for them4 ,if knowledge has increased1 we should take more time for acquiring it1 knowing that1 with the consequent increase of power1 we shall be able to achieve as much afterward in the shorter time as our predecessors did in the longer time their briefer study afforded4 ,greater ability should mean not only greater results wrought1 but fuller repose as well4 ,for it would be a sorry ending of this splendid age of learning and of labor to be known as an age of unsettled brains and shattered nerves4 ,a distinguished medical authority says3 ,it is proved beyond any dispute that nervousness is the characteristic malady of the ,american ,nation1 growing upon them in a frightfully accelerated ratio every year1 and threatening them with disasters at no distant date which the mind shrinks from contemplating4 ,he continues as follows3 ,the number of deaths from this cause is already appalling and is steadily and rapidly increasing4 ,in some of the busy centres the tables of mortality show that the proportion of nerve deaths has multiplied more than twenty times in the last forty years1 and that now the nerve deaths number more than one-fourth of all the deaths recorded4 ,what is most shocking in these returns1 this fearful loss of life occurs mainly among young people of both sexes4 ,this means that the ,americans are fast becoming a very short-lived people2 and that if they were shut in on themselves for only a few years1 without any influx of vitality by immigration1 the publication of the census would send a pang of horror and alarm throughout the land4 ,the annual report of the ,state ,board of ,charities of the ,state of ,new ,york for #ahid1 shows that while the increase in the ,state's population from #ahhj to #ahib was #bh per cent41 the increase of the insane in ,state institutions for the same period was #hc per cent46 ,the enjoyment of the fruits of fortune1 earned at the expense of the nerve cells1 is an impossibility4 ,the quiet and harmony of the nerve centres and nervous system are gone4 ,rest is impossible1 continuance of work only causes increased jarring and discord of that many stringed and wonderful mechanism4 ,,symptoms4 ,it is well nigh impossible to give the symptoms of this disease in an orderly manner1 as the affection gives rise to a thousand and one varying and ofttimes vague symptoms4 ,the particular part of the nervous system affected1 and also the cause and character of the attacks modify the symptoms4 ,the eminent ,dr4 ,wood says3 ,nervous exhaustion may1 in the beginning1 affect the whole of the nervous system1 or it may be at first purely local1 and co-exist with lack of general nervous strength4 ,,spermatorrhea furnishes many examples of the local form of neurasthenia1 or exhaustion1 the sexual centres being primarily affected4 ,in these cases1 however1 sooner or later1 the whole nervous system becomes ,involved4 ,so in other forms of the disorder1 the exhaustion at first local1 finally1 if neglected1 implicates the whole organism4 ,often1 in brain exhaustion1 the symptoms are at first purely local4 ,almost always the cause of a local neurasthenia1 or exhaustion1 is excessive use of the part4 ,thus1 cerebral or brain exhaustion1 or debility1 is usually the result of mental overwork1 while sexual asthenia1 or weakness is generally due to abuse of the sexual organs or to sexual excesses4 ,when to the brain fatigue1 or exhaustion1 are added the depressing effects of excessive anxiety1 or allied emotions1 the symptoms from the first are more general1 and the exhaustion may effect chiefly a single function of the brain4 ,in pure brain exhaustion1 the loss of a disposition to work1 is usually the first symptom1 the sufferer finding that it constantly requires a more and more painful effort of the will to perform the allotted task4 ,at first1 there is loss of the power of fixing the attention1 and this1 by and by1 is accompanied by a weakness of the memory2 disturbances of sleep are frequent2 various abnormal sensations in the head are complained of4 ,in most cases there is not absolute headache1 but a feeling of weight or fullness1 or an indescribable distress1 usually aggravated by mental effort4 ,it is true that in some cases of very dangerous brain tire1 mental labor is performed with extraordinary vigor and ease2 the power of work1 is1 for the time1 markedly increased1 and even the quality of the product may be raised4 ,the patient may glory in a wild intellectual exaltation1 a sense of mental power1 with an almost uncontrollable brain activity4 ,it is probable1 however1 that these cases are not instances of pure neurasthenia1 or brain exhaustion1 but that there is active congestion of the gray matter of the brain4 ,in these cases the disease is very prone to end in serious organic affection of the brain4 ,illustration3 ,melancholy4 ,severe brain exhaustion may be associated with good spirits1 but usually there is marked depression1 and this perversion of function generally goes on1 if the disease be not checked1 to decided melancholy4 ,the will power1 like all the other functional activities of the brain1 is prone to be weakened1 morbid fears may finally develop1 and at last1 that which was at the beginning a single brain exhaustion1 may end in persistent hypochondria1 followed by insanity4 ,peculiar sensations are common in neurasthenia1 such as chilliness1 unnatural itching1 a feeling as though ants or other insects were crawling on the skin4 ,eruptions are common4 ,attacks of neuralgia are often frequent and sometimes severe1 being usually worse in those persons of nervous ancestry4 ,in some cases there is a lack of proper sensation1 in others an unnatural sensitiveness4 ,there is also in many cases a peculiar tenderness over some portion of the spinal column1 especially in women4 ,,in ,,women1 with nervous disturbance of the sexual organs1 there is frequently great pain felt during menstruation2 in others1 ovarian irritation and a so-called irritable1 or sensitive uterus1 giving rise to manifold nervous and hysterical symptoms1 sometimes culminating in convulsions or fits4 ,in not a small proportion of the uterine diseases which are generally only locally treated by physicians1 the local disease is largely and sometimes solely the expression of a general weakness of nervous origin4 ,,self-,,abuse ,,and ,,excesses4 ,it is well known that ,onanism1 or masturbation1 as well as sexual excesses1 produce an exhaustion of the nerve centres presiding over the sexual functions4 ,this is the common history of spermatorrhea or loss of the virile fluid by nightly emissions1 accompanied by lascivious dreams4 ,,general ,,neurasthenia1 or nervous exhaustion1 may also produce a local weakness of the sexual centres of the brain and spinal cord1 with symptoms at least resembling those of partial impotency and great irritability of the sexual organs1 or a complete impotence1 with premature seminal discharge whenever coition is attempted4 ,many times this condition results from excessive intellectual labor1 even with no sexual excesses or abuses4 ,nocturnal1 or nightly emissions1 are not always experienced in these cases4 ,when they do occur1 the debilitating losses of vital fluid react upon the brain1 robbing the victim of courage and manliness and exciting various phases of morbid fear and sensitiveness4 ,many cases of nervous debility1 or exhaustion1 are the result of long continued malarial poisoning1 diarrhea1 ,bright's disease1 exhausting fevers or other debilitating affections4 ,numerous are the cases in which the patient is able to trace the origin of the malady back to an attack of influenza1 or grip4 ,an epidemic of the latter disease is sure to be followed by numerous cases of nervous prostration1 or exhaustion4 ,,care ,,should ,,be ,,exercised4 ,in all cases1 it is necessary to make careful examinations in order to detect any obscure chronic disease which may exist4 ,in women1 nervous prostration often develops without perceptible cause at the age of puberty or at the change of life4 ,overwork1 especially overwork combined with worry1 are fruitful causes of nervous exhaustion in both sexes4 ,,an ,,overworked ,,nervous ,,system is always an exhausted nervous system4 ,the nerve cells have been robbed of their vital forces4 ,all the nutritive organs of the body suffer from the lack of nerve control1 and the blood-vessels that supply the nerve centres are not in proper tone4 ,hence the supply of blood and the action of the heart are greatly interfered with4 ,many times1 the most troublesome symptom1 early in the disease1 is an excessive perspiration of the hands and feet4 ,,impoverished ,,or ,,poor ,,blood4 ,a badly nourished nervous system is irritable4 ,many of the symptoms of weakness and lack of nutrition resemble those found in congestion1 or stimulation from excess of blood4 ,then1 too1 we find sometimes that poor1 thin1 watery blood1 not suitable for nourishment although sent in large amount to the brain1 does not properly nourish that organ4 ,there will still be brain exhaustion1 as the nervous structures have lost their power of absorbing the nutrient materials from the blood which1 being poor in quality1 does not vitalize and strengthen the nerve centres as it should4 ,in such cases thought is an effort and sustained mental exertion is impossible2 the memory is uncertain1 and the patient drowsy4 ,occasionally1 after rest1 there may be flashes of brilliancy1 but generally they are brief4 ,,danger ,,of ,,contracting ,,intemperance4 ,the patient often learns that a small amount of wine or spirits is a temporary aid1 and sometimes its habitual use is begun in this way4 ,stimulants only make a bad matter worse when their use is continued for any considerable length of time4 ,the sufferer becomes more and more dependent upon them and the nervous exhaustion is much aggravated as large quantities are taken to satisfy the morbid craving that has been acquired4 ,,wakefulness1 ,,or ,,insomnia1 is present in many cases2 in others1 there is unusual drowsiness but sleep gives neither rest nor strength2 often it is disturbed by dreams that exhaust the vitality and leave the patient more tired than when rest was sought4 ,,headache is one of the most annoying symptoms and sometimes is very persistent4 ,it may incapacitate the patient for the ordinary duties of life4 ,after laying down awhile and being quiet1 the headache may be relieved1 but recurs on attempting to go about4 ,,fretfulness4 ,sometimes1 owing to the discomfort experienced1 there is likely to be a change of disposition1 irritability of temper1 fretfulness and peevishness2 a tendency to an irascibility all out of proportion to the real provocation4 ,in many cases there is dizziness1 and frequently noises in the head1 ringing in the ears1 spots before the eyes1 twitching of the muscles1 eyelids or eye muscles1 and at times dimness of vision1 or sudden spells when the sight is not satisfactory4 ,at times there is a feeling of discomfort1 as if the quantity of good air were not sufficient to aerate the blood1 and there is sighing or a desire to sit in an open window1 or a strong desire to be fanned4 ,the pulse and temperature are usually normal1 or a little below1 but may rise if any local irritation exists4 ,at times the face is flushed and at others pale4 ,the skin may be dry1 or in other cases bathed in perspiration on slight exertion or mental worry4 ,when there is weakness of the nervous system1 the disease manifests itself through various organs4 ,hence1 the palpitation of the heart1 dyspepsia or acute attacks of indigestion1 with colicky pains and heaviness after meals1 with eructations or belchings of gas1 or local discomfort and unnatural action affecting1 at different times1 almost every organ of the body4 ,it is well known that insanity may result from the loss of sleep and constant brooding over the symptoms that the patient fails to properly understand4 ,,treatment4 ,in no class of diseases is greater care1 scientific knowledge and skill more necessary than in the treatment of nervous affections4 ,almost every case is a law unto itself1 and must receive careful consideration1 pains-taking advice and specially prescribed treatment suited to the peculiarities of the individual4 ,hereditary influences1 causes of the disease and constitutional peculiarities of the patient must all be taken into account4 ,,value ,,of ,,experience4 ,only through extensive experience can the medical practitioner become expert at detecting and successfully meeting1 by rational scientific and carefully adapted treatment1 the many phases and complications incident to the different forms and stages of this very prevalent malady4 ,for more than a quarter of a century1 the ,specialists of the ,invalids ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute having charge of this department of practice1 have been actively engaged battling with diseases of the nervous system4 ,as a result of this long time and vast experience1 they have naturally developed and thoroughly tested many valuable remedial agencies for the relief and cure of this class of sufferers4 ,many of these can be successfully prescribed and used at the patients' homes without a personal consultation2 while others can only be brought into use at our ,institution4 ,,treatment ,,at ,,home4 ,many cases1 especially when the exciting cause of the malady can be easily ascertained1 as in spermatorrhea from self-abuse1 or sexual excesses1 or in women when arising from uterine affections1 can be very successfully managed and cured at home4 ,this is also true when the disease is due to the excessive use of tobacco1 opium and other narcotics4 ,,consultation ,,by ,,letter4 ,the patient has thought over his symptoms hundreds of times4 ,the location of every discomfort has been carefully noted4 ,these matters are stated with accuracy1 common sense and good judgment when writing to us4 ,the people are far more intelligent in these matters than physicians are generally willing to admit4 ,a patient is often confused while being personally examined by a physician and gives imperfect or incorrect answers4 ,after he has left the presence of the physician1 he finds that he has failed to enumerate many of the most important symptoms4 ,in consulting by letter1 the patient is not embarrassed1 states the exact symptoms and carefully reads over the letter1 to see if it is a complete and accurate description of his sufferings4 ,in this way he often conveys a much better idea of the case than if present in person1 and subject to the most thorough questioning and cross-examination4 ,the timid lady and nervous young man write just as they feel and one reason why we have had such success in treating intricate and delicate diseases1 is because we have obtained such true and natural statements of the cases from these letters1 many of which are perfect pen pictures of disease4 ,as bank tellers and cashiers1 who daily handle large quantities of currency1 can unmistakably detect spurious money by a glance at the engraving or touch of the paper1 so the experienced physician1 by his great familiarity with disease1 becomes equally skilled in detecting the nature and extent of a chronic malady1 from a written description of its symptoms4 ,to aid the patient in giving a clear and intelligible history of his case we send1 when requested1 a very complete question blank4 ,,examination ,,of ,,the ,,urine4 ,a careful1 microscopical examination and chemical analysis of the urine is a valuable aid in determining the nature of these diseases of the nervous system4 ,this important fact is not overlooked at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 where experienced chemists are employed to make such examinations and report the result to the attending physicians4 ,persons consulting us and desiring to avail themselves of the advantages afforded by these examinations1 can send a sample of their urine by express4 ,the bottle should be thoroughly cleansed and should contain from two to four ounces of that first passed after arising in the morning4 ,it should be carefully packed in saw-dust or paper and inclosed in a light wooden box4 ,all express charges must be prepaid through and a complete history of the case1 including the age and sex of the patient1 should accompany every package1 or it will receive no attention4 ,this saves valuable time by directing the examination into the channels indicated and thus avoiding a lengthy series of experiments4 ,as we are daily receiving numerous bottles of urine1 every sample1 to prevent confusion1 should be labeled with the patient's name4 ,by the postal regulations1 all liquids are excluded from the mails1 unless packed in accordance with our printed directions1 which will be sent free on request being received for them4 ,,we ,,aim ,,to ,,cure1 not merely to palliate as is so often done by practitioners in dealing with these distressing maladies4 ,we do not prescribe coca mixtures1 whiskey1 malt extracts1 so-called celery compounds or other nerve stimulants1 which only spur the already weakened nervous system on as a man would urge his jaded horse to renewed efforts when the animal should be refreshed by proper food and rest4 ,neither have we any faith1 in lasting good resulting from prescribing such nerve sedatives as put the nerves to sleep and so1 by simply blunting sensibility1 delude the patient into the false belief that he is being benefited4 ,to effect a radical cure of the weakness1 the nerve centres must be restored to a normal condition by improving the nutrition of the nerve cells4 ,to do this the causes of the difficulty must be understood and any local weakness or disease of any organ1 be it the liver1 kidneys1 lungs1 stomach1 rectum1 bladder1 or generative organs1 must be understood1 properly treated and overcome4 ,the desire for alcoholic stimulants is a most common and dangerous tendency of the disease4 ,to gratify the morbid appetite for stimulants is to do the patient lasting injury4 ,,impoverished ,,blood4 ,in some cases the nervous affection is the result of an impure1 or impoverished1 condition of the blood4 ,in such cases the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery has1 in the great majority of cases1 resulted in an immediate benefit and gradually in a permanent restoration of the nerve centres to a normal condition4 ,this remedy1 particularly if assisted by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 when constipation is present1 unloads the liver1 and their combined action tends to remove from the blood the poisons which it is the function of the liver to take from that fluid4 ,the cells of the brain1 after performing their function1 throw into the blood certain poisonous materials which it is the function of the liver to remove4 ,if this is not done1 the cells become clogged1 and can only be restored to a natural and healthful condition by increasing the activity of the liver4 ,this treatment gives rise to an immediate improvement1 and a continuance of the remedies results in a gradual toning up of the nervous system and relief from the unpleasant symptoms4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,many women suffer from nervous prostration1 or exhaustion1 owing to congestion of the uterus and ovaries1 caused by over-indulgence2 again by overwork1 the strain of too many household cares1 or too frequent childbirths4 ,in these cases1 the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription is of the greatest benefit1 tending to restore the uterus and ovaries to a normal condition4 ,its wonderful restorative effects1 tonic and nerve invigorating properties1 especially adapt it to the cure of these cases4 ,digestion and assimilation of food are promoted by its use4 ,when the liver or blood is not in healthful condition1 as previously referred to1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be used in conjunction with the ,prescription4 ,if menstruation be scanty1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets will have a beneficial influence in increasing the flow1 and overcoming the headache and congestion of internal organs that is the result of scanty menstruation1 especially if their use be accompanied with full doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-,weed4 ,,local ,,causes4 ,in the great majority of cases1 when nervous prostration has made its appearance at intervals1 with periods of prolonged good health intervening1 but in which1 as a rule1 slight excesses1 over-exertion or the attacks of some acute disease1 produces a nervous exhaustion1 we have found that local derangement is the cause of the whole trouble4 ,this cause may often be readily removed and a perfect and permanent restoration of the health will follow4 ,,in ,,men1 we have often found a varicocele to be the cause of nervous prostration4 ,in others rupture1 or urethral stricture1 sometimes of a character so mild as hardly to give serious inconvenience1 has been the cause4 ,,in ,,women11 ulceration of the uterus1 stricture of the cervix1 congestion or other diseases of the ovaries1 such as cysts1 abscesses1 etc41 inflammation of the ,fallopian tubes1 characterized with more or less periodical discomfort and attacks of leucorrhea1 or whites1 are common causes4 ,in all cases in which the nervous disease depends upon local causes1 we find that the relief of the local source of irritation1 which tends to reduce the general health and interfere with perfect nervous tone1 is all that is necessary to give the invalid a perfect restoration to health1 vigor and activity4 ,it is like removing the burden from a tired horse who has fallen prostrate under an excessive load4 ,the removal of the burden puts the individual under a favorable condition for the immediate restoration to health and strength1 and permanent relief is only a matter of a few days' or weeks' time1 with appropriate nourishment and restorative nerve tonics4 ,,alcohol1 ,,opium ,,and ,,tobacco affect different individuals according to their several susceptibilities4 ,some are able to withstand1 with apparent impunity1 an amount of these that can not be tolerated by others without great injury4 ,no one1 however1 is wholly proof against these unwholesome agents which are in such common use4 ,the sad results of their excessive use are seen in thousands of cases of shattered nerves and wasted vigor4 ,the excessive use of tea and coffee is also a prolific cause of nervous affections4 ,happily1 we have now at our command remedies which exercise a most potent controlling influence over the acquired1 morbid appetite for these narcotics and stimulants4 ,of course we have to depend1 to some extent1 upon the will power of the patient1 but where this is not wholly lost1 we have in all our later experience1 been able to realize a degree of success which has been alike gratifying to both physician and patient4 ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute ,,specially ,,equipped ,,for ,,the ,,cure ,,of ,,nervous ,,affections4 ,private institutions1 well supplied with the numerous and costly aids to the work of the specialist treating nervous diseases1 are now a recognized necessity4 ,physicians and sufferers alike appreciate this fact4 ,public hospitals do not answer this purpose1 owing to the fact that they are more especially intended for the alleviation of the sufferings of the poor1 and the greater part of the work done is in affording relief from acute diseases and emergencies requiring surgical aid4 ,attention is thus detracted from delicate nervous affections and is almost wholly engrossed in caring for sufferers from other diseases and injuries4 ,besides1 association with the charity cases that abound in such places and the evidences of suffering present on every hand1 are enough to prevent all improvement in sensitive and sympathetic invalids4 ,perfect equipment is an important part of the battle in the cure of nervous affections4 ,,electricity ,,in ,,nervous ,,affections4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,our large #dj cell ,galvano-,faradic ,battery with ,switch-board4 ,electrical applications1 to be beneficial1 require1 on the part of the attendant1 a technical knowledge of the highest character with costly apparatus and special appliances4 ,there can be little doubt that electricity is convertible into nerve force4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,our ,franklin1 or ,static ,electricity1 ,machine4 ,in treating cases in the ,invalids' ,hotel1 a large variety of batteries1 dynamos and other electrical appliances are brought into use4 ,these consist of cell batteries1 such as is illustrated by ,fig4 #d1 dynamos1 operated by power1 ,franklin1 or static electrical machines illustrated in ,fig4 #e1 and other electrical apparatus1 the choice of the particular machine or battery being determined by the nature of the case4 ,,care ,,and ,,skill ,,required4 ,electricity1 like other powerful agencies1 in order to prove remedial must be used of proper strength and in proper quantity4 ,the potential1 or strength1 as well as the volume1 or amount1 of current has to be carefully measured for that purpose4 ,to accomplish this1 we employ an instrument called a galvanometer1 or amperemeter1 illustrated in ,fig4 #f1 which indicates the exact amount of current being applied4 ,for the want of such instruments to measure the current1 physicians often fail to get beneficial results1 as they are not able to administer either the proper quantity or quality of current4 ,ofttimes1 for like reasons1 their hap-hazard way of employing this powerful agent does positive injury to the patient4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,the ,galvanometer1 or ,amperemeter4 ,of course1 in treating cases at a distance1 we cannot avail ourselves of all the great variety of apparatus brought into use at our ,invalids ,hotel1 yet we have some forms of machines well adapted for home use1 and so simple that1 by sending plain printed directions with the machines1 our patients are able to use them effectively without the aid of the physician4 ,especially is this true in the milder forms of nervous disease1 and when great exactness and nicety of application is not so important4 ,we show in ,fig4 #g and ,fig4 #h1 two forms of such batteries which are often furnished our patients for use at their homes4 ,many times1 after cases are under treatment here for a while1 we are able to educate them in the use of the battery so that by taking one of these home with them they can continue the treatment with good results after leaving the ,institution4 ,,organic1 ,,or ,,animal1 ,,extracts ,,as ,,remedies4 ,the experience of ,pasteur1 ,brown-,sequard1 and our own specialists1 in the use of extracts of nerve substance and of certain glands and organs by hypodermic or subcutaneous injection of these fluids1 has1 in a vast number of cases1 been most gratifying to both physicians and patients4 ,many wonderful cures have thus been obtained4 ,injected subcutaneously these animal extracts are immediately assimilated and we are often able to stop1 at once1 the progress of disease and turn the tide towards recovery4 ,thus the cells receive the special stimulants upon which their life and activity depend4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,a small ,battery for home use4 ,the animal extracts employed in our ,institution are all scientifically and carefully produced in our chemical laboratory under the direct supervision of an experienced chemist1 and are believed to be superior in quality4 ,they are turned out fresh1 as wanted1 which is important1 as all such preparations1 no matter how carefully made and put up1 deteriorate with age4 ,these extracts are made from the glands and organs of the lower animals1 as from the brain1 spinal cord1 heart1 testicles1 ovaries and some other organs and parts of bullocks1 rabbits1 guinea pigs and other animals4 ,that they possess properties which exert most potent tonic1 or invigorating1 influences upon those organs and parts of the human system corresponding to the organs and parts of the lower animals from which they have been extracted1 no longer admits of doubt4 ,in cases of partial and even complete impotency1 especially in elderly men1 attended with nervous exhaustion1 most astonishingly favorable results are obtained by our specialists through the administration of our extracts obtained from the nerve tissue of the spinal cord1 associated with the use of the expressed juices from animal testes4 ,we do not1 however1 prescribe these extracts to the exclusion of other well tested remedial agents1 but do regard them1 especially in the more confirmed and obstinate cases1 as among our most positive curative agents4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,a small ,battery for home use4 ,we must confess that when first proclaimed by ,brown-,sequard as ,valuable remedial agents1 we regarded the use of these extracts with good deal of skepticism1 but experience is1 after all1 the best teacher and we were forced1 after numerous successful tests1 to admit their great efficacy4 ,we have always endeavored to keep up with the vanguard of the army of medical reform1 and so took early occasion to introduce these agents into our practice and made preparations to produce them in our laboratory4 ,from an article written by an eminent specialist in nervous diseases1 and recently published in the ,new ,york ,medical ,journal1 we extract the following3 ,organic beings possess the power of assimilating from the nutritious matters they absorb the peculiar pabulum which each organ of the body demands for the development and sustenance4 ,the brain1 for instance1 selects that part which it requires1 the heart the material necessary for its growth and preservation1 and so on with the liver1 the lungs1 the muscles1 and the various other organs of the body4 ,no mistake is ever committed4 ,the brain never takes liver nutriment1 nor the liver brain nutriment2 but each selects that which it requires4 ,there are1 however1 diseased conditions of the various organs in which this power is lost or impaired1 and1 as a consequence1 disturbance of function1 or even death itself1 is the result4 ,now1 if we can obtain the peculiar matter that an organ of the body requires and inject it directly into the blood1 we do away with the performance of many vital processes which are accomplished only by the expenditure of a large amount of vital force4 ,let us suppose a person suffering from an exhausted brain1 the result of excessive brain-work4 ,three hearty meals are eaten every day1 but1 no matter how judiciously the food may be arranged1 the condition continues4 ,now1 if we inject into that person's blood a concentrated extract of the brain of a healthy animal1 we supply at once the pabulum which the organ requires4 ,then1 if under this treatment the morbid symptoms disappear1 we are justified in concluding that we have successfully aided ,nature in doing that which1 unassisted1 she could not accomplish4 ,that is the system4 ,i believe it is applicable not only to the brain1 but to all the other organs of the body4 ,the writer of the above is1 very probably1 a little over sanguine in his opinion that the plan of treatment will prove efficacious in all organic diseases1 but certainly1 from our experience1 we can endorse his belief as to its great efficacy in many forms of organic weakness1 especially those of the generative organs1 nervous system1 heart and some other parts of the body4 ,we believe that we are placing a conservative estimate upon the remedial value of these animal juices1 or extracts1 when we say that they are destined to fill an important place in the curative resources of the specialist in chronic diseases4 ,under the head of epilepsy1 also in connection with our consideration of locomotor ataxia1 we shall have occasion to refer to the use of these extracts as applicable to the cure of those maladies4 ,most cases of nervous diseases that come to us1 for examination and treatment1 do so after having tried1 without success1 treatment by baths1 enforced seclusion1 as well as unskillfully applied electrical treatment and massage4 ,prolonged medication has frequently aroused digestive disorders and made the patient hate the sight of the medicine bottle4 ,in such cases our improved methods1 as applied in the ,institution and also prescribed for patients at a distance1 enable our specialists to give relief and effect cures with a minimum of medicine4 ,they also enable us to treat many cases of nervous diseases heretofore regarded as almost hopeless1 such as locomotor ataxia1 paralysis1 epilepsy and spinal affections1 with a degree of success which has been very gratifying alike to physicians and patients4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,headache ,,and ,,neuralgia4 ,there is no ill to which flesh is heir that is the source of a greater degree of discomfort to the human race than headache4 ,the farmer1 housewife1 banker1 merchant and laborer seem to be equally prone to the affliction and all who suffer have a great number of days rendered uncomfortable and unhappy by the presence of this most unpleasant affection4 ,pain is the warning finger of disease--the threatening indication of coming trouble4 ,in headache1 we have an indication that the system is subjected to some strain or injurious impression4 ,it may be that the eyes have been overworked or the brain unnaturally taxed2 or that the nervous and physical systems have not been properly refreshed by sufficient sleep1 and have used up the residue of reserve power4 ,many suffer from headache only after they have been subjected to sudden changes of temperature and have taken cold2 others only when the bowels have become inactive1 the liver torpid and the blood vitiated with retained poisons4 ,all appreciate the discomfort that results from this malady and earnestly seek for permanent relief4 ,headaches may be divided in two classes3 7#a7 those due to the presence of poisons in the blood1 and 7#b7 those due to irritation of various organs1 as of the eyes1 stomach1 liver1 and intestines4 ,of the first form1 or variety1 of headache1 influenza1 or grip1 and acute cold in the head1 are the most common causes4 ,these give rise to most excruciating pain4 ,there is congestion1 followed by inflammation in the nasal passages and cavities communicating therewith4 ,the membranes of these passages throw out a thin1 watery1 irritating discharge1 which gradually thickens and becomes pus-like and offensive in character1 if the disease continues4 ,poisonous matters are absorbed from the affected surfaces into the blood4 ,these poisons1 circulating in the blood1 produce great irritation of the nerve cells1 so much so1 that the severity of the attack is felt in the nervous centres1 the brain and spinal cord1 with pain varying from the most acute and sharp1 to a dull1 numb ache4 ,the temples1 eyes1 neck and small of the back1 are in their order1 the usual locations of greatest pain4 ,such attacks vary in frequency and severity4 ,one attack is usually followed by an early recurrence1 which may be more or less severe1 while the period of active pain varies from a few hours to several days4 ,such attacks leave an exhausted state of the nerve centres and general weakness of the system that often lasts for weeks and may permanently impair the system1 except such results be prevented by appropriate treatment4 ,every recurrence of the attack leaves the system in a worse condition1 until profound nervous prostration2 ensues4 ,malarial headache1 sometimes termed brow ague1 is a common form of the malady with those residing in malarial regions4 ,the pain rapidly develops1 usually over one eye4 ,it lasts from five to ten hours1 and is often of frightful intensity4 ,other forms are rheumatic and gouty headache2 usually a heavy aching pain appearing on the approach of storms1 but at times almost continuous1 made worse by improper diet4 ,urmic headache is due to kidney disease1 and alcoholic to direct irritation of the brain membranes from the use of alcoholic beverages4 ,the latter is accompanied with much irritation of the stomach and intestines4 ,headaches of a similar character result from the presence in the blood of an excess of the active principles of coffee and tea4 ,overindulgence in these agents1 as with alcohol1 affects the nerve cells and membranes1 often causing severe attacks of headache4 ,nervous headache is another common affliction4 ,this seems to arise from several causes1 such as impoverished blood and exhaustion from overwork of the brain4 ,hysterical headache is not uncommon4 ,there is a severe kind of headache1 the attacks of which appear first at early puberty and continue at intervals more or less frequent in women up to the change of life and in men to about the fortieth year4 ,the periodical headache is usually preceded by yawning1 chilliness1 languid1 exhausted feelings1 in others by peculiar emotional or mental activity4 ,this is followed by unusual drowsiness1 in which the night's rest is broken by dreams1 and from which the patient awakes tired4 ,gradually1 during the day1 the headache develops1 beginning in the eyes or bones over them4 ,it gets more and more severe1 shooting into the jaws and neck or extending to the back of the head and spine4 ,as the pains get most severe1 nausea or vomiting1 often repeated1 follow1 in which the contents of the stomach1 with mucus and bile1 is ejected4 ,the whole paroxysm lasts from five hours to two or even three days4 ,,neuralgic ,,headache is a common variety2 often the pain is not confined to the head1 in fact neuralgia may affect almost any part of the system4 ,,neuralgia4 ,neuralgia is an affection of the nerves1 of which the chief symptom is pain4 ,this is of variable intensity and character4 ,it follows the course of the affected nerve and its branches1 and occurs in paroxysms1 of agonizing pain with periods of intermission during which the pain may be very slight1 and cause but little discomfort4 ,the severe pain is described as lancinating1 cutting1 tearing1 burning1 boring and pressing4 ,patients use different words in describing the attacks1 and there is probably a difference in the character of the pain1 though in a severe paroxysm one is scarcely able to make a very nice distinction4 ,we have known cases in which the pain occurred suddenly and overwhelmed the patient's fortitude by its severity and unexpected onset4 ,between the paroxysms there may be less severe pain1 which is then more frequently of an aching1 burning or pricking character4 ,in some1 paroxysm after paroxysm succeed each other with almost lightening-like rapidity1 and even in the intervals the pain is very intense4 ,at another time there is only one sharp sting of pain1 which attacks recur several times an hour or day1 or may be absent for days or months4 ,an extended freedom from all pain is rare in a patient very much affected4 ,the first attacks in all forms of neuralgia are often comparatively light1 and the severity of the pain gradually increases as the attacks multiply4 ,we have frequently had patients unacquainted with anatomy1 map out the distribution of a nerve very perfectly1 simply describing the portion of the body in which the pain was experienced4 ,for convenience1 the neuralgia has been named with reference to the nerve most seriously attacked2 lumbago to the spasms of pain affecting the small of the back2 tic-douloureux is a term applied to neuralgia of the fifth nerve1 that supplying the side of the face1 with branches to the eyes1 jaw1 and teeth4 ,neuralgia of the testicles1 ovaries1 stomach1 heart1 are frequently met with4 ,that affecting the large nerve supplying the thigh and leg is termed sciatica4 ,these nerve affections often prove a most grave disorder1 rendering the life of the sufferer a burden4 ,,treatment4 ,contrary to opinions frequently expressed by members of the medical profession1 we find that most cases present some removable1 or remediable1 cause for attacks of headache and neuralgia4 ,the temporary relief that is obtained by the use of headache powders1 various bromide combinations1 caffeine and other anodyne and narcotic medicines1 is sometimes necessary in order that the excruciating sufferings may be borne for the time1 but as a rule such remedies only react unfavorably by interfering still further with the natural restoration of the affected organs1 or protract the removal of the cause of the disease4 ,hence1 the next attack is usually earlier in its appearance and more severe and lasting when such agents are employed4 ,the great majority of headaches and neuralgias are due to the presence of poisons in the blood4 ,this may be due to affections of the blood-making1 or blood-purifying organs4 ,for the correction of inactive blood-making glands1 or a lack of purification of the blood1 due to such cause1 the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is particularly beneficial4 ,it has no equal in its direct effect upon the liver1 the great purifying organ of the body4 ,through this natural gateway1 it removes from the system poisonous materials which are the waste from the nerve cells4 ,the accumulation of these waste materials irritates the cells and causes them to cry out with pain4 ,the blood1 being properly purified by the use of ,golden ,medical ,discovery supplies to the nerves1 and to the nerve cells1 what they crave--a healthy and rich blood that furnishes proper nourishment4 ,hence the headache disappears1 and the neuralgic pains are overcome4 ,when the liver is engorged and torpid1 the intestines become overloaded with fecal matters that putrefy and give rise to gases and consequent distention4 ,deleterious poisons are formed and absorbed by the blood from such hardened and irritating lumps in the intestines4 ,when the bowels are thus constipated1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets are necessary as an adjunct to the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the ,pellets remove from the intestinal canal all irritating materials and thus enhance the alterative1 or blood-cleansing1 action of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,in women1 when there is a nervous affection1 dependent upon some unnatural state of the ovaries or uterus1 and complicated with an imperfect or unnatural circulation in those parts1 we have noted that most satisfactory results invariably follow the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,this agent improves the tone of the nervous system1 and by its direct restorative tonic effects1 lessens1 or overcomes1 any congestion of the womb or its appendages1 regulates menstruation and promotes a condition of health and vigor4 ,in a vast experience1 our specialists have thoroughly tested a great many specific remedies which we prescribe for home-treatment1 sending the necessary remedies to our patients by express or mail1 carefully adapting them to each individual case4 ,many sufferers have been1 by a brief course of our home-treatment1 relieved permanently from excruciating sufferings that had been a source of annoyance and loss of time for many years prior to the use of our remedies4 ,our treatment is intended to effect permanent cures4 ,we do not use those narcotics and compounds of antipyrine and other similar agents which are very depressing in their effects1 and1 like morphine and other preparations of opium1 give only temporary relief1 and interfere with the action of the heart1 but we use treatment that builds up the system1 removes the cause of the difficulty and restores the nervous system and all the organs of the body to a normal and healthful condition4 ,in some cases we advise treatment in our ,institution1 where we have every facility in the way of electrical appliances and many other aids that can only be employed by the personal attention of a skillful physician4 ,these aids are more fully described under the head of nervous exhaustion and a reference is also suggested to what we have to say under the heads of paralysis and locomotor ataxia4 ,headaches or neuralgic pains1 due to local irritations1 as uterine disease1 stricture1 neurotic or nerve tumors1 pressure of trusses1 eye strain from weakened eye muscles1 or lenses that need the help of proper spectacles1 require for a permanent cure the removal of the cause4 ,sciatic neuralgia1 one of the most common and painful forms of nerve irritation1 is particularly amenable to treatment by the modern means of cure used in our practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,we find1 as a rule1 that severe headaches and neuralgias are but the forerunners of more serious conditions1 and are therefore deserving of special attention4 ,they should be corrected as early as possible1 before any organic changes have occurred4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,paralysis ,,or ,,palsy2 ,,locomotor ,,ataxia ,,and ,,kindred ,,affections4 ,paralysis is an affection characterized by loss of muscular power or by the sense of touch1 taste1 sight or smell becoming impaired from injury to a nerve by accident or disease4 ,the disease is sometimes due to simple lack of nerve force or power4 ,this may come from interference with the blood supply of the nerve centres1 as in hysterical palsy and reflex paralysis4 ,frequently the power of speech is affected in this way1 ability to remember and difficulty in pronunciation of certain words being the most common4 ,certain affections of the womb and its appendages1 in women1 and1 in men1 stricture of the urethra1 adherent prepuce1 or foreskin1 with wounds and injuries1 many times of nerves and organs remote from the paralyzed points1 cause the loss of power4 ,,the ,,causes ,,of ,,paralysis are very numerous4 ,whatever destroys1 or impairs the natural structure of nervous matter1 or whatever interferes materially with the conducting power of nerve-fibre1 or the generating power of the nerve-centres1 will produce a paralysis1 the extent of which will depend upon the amount of nervous matter affected4 ,thus paralysis may be due to disease of the brain arising from apoplexy2 to abscess1 softening1 syphilitic or other tumors1 or epilepsy2 to disease of the spinal cord1 or marrow2 to disease of the structures which surround the spinal cord1 producing pressure upon it2 to injury or compression of a nerve1 by which its conducting power it impaired2 to the effects of diphtheria1 hysteria1 or rheumatism4 ,it may also be due to poisoning of nervous matter with opium1 lead1 arsenic1 or mercury2 or to the retention of poisonous substances which are generated in the living body and which should pass off through the excretory organs1 as the elements of the urine and bile4 ,members of consumptive families are very prone to paralysis4 ,we also find that the disease is often the result of some nervous strain1 or over excitement ,the over indulgence of the passions is particularly a fruitful source of injury to the brain and spinal centres4 ,an angry man or woman uses up more nerve energy in a few minutes than would be sufficient to serve the muscles with stimulus through hours of toil4 ,the young1 in unnatural indulgence of the sexual passions1 waste the vigor and energy of maturity4 ,sexual excesses must be put down as among the most prolific causes of this terrible malady4 ,ignorance shields no one from the consequences of violations of the laws of health4 ,the passion for wealth with its ceaseless toil1 continuous strain1 and rapid exhaustion of the nerve forces1 usually brings its devotee into the same condition of discord as does the abuse of a stimulant4 ,for a time the system will repair and bolster up the weakness1 but the longer the day of reckoning is postponed1 the more serious and terrible is the collapse4 ,such individuals need only an exposure to cold1 or an over indulgence of some kind1 to suddenly precipitate a paralysis4 ,,general ,,paralysis4 ,this term is applied to paralysis affecting the arms and legs4 ,in this form of paralysis there is generally more loss of motion than of sensation1 and the mind is usually more or less affected4 ,,hemiplegia1 or paralysis of one side of the body1 is generally spoken of as a stroke of palsy4 ,sometimes only one extremity1 the arm1 is affected4 ,only occasionally is the face involved4 ,in the majority of cases the mind is affected1 the memory being poor1 the sufferer becoming melancholy1 peevish1 and fretful4 ,in paralysis of the right side1 there is sometimes a curious forgetfulness or misplacement of language1 the patient being unable to think of words to express his thoughts4 ,this condition is called aphasia4 ,it is usually the result of some injury or disease of the brain1 almost invariably the side of the brain opposite the affected half of the body4 ,in some cases it is due to a wasting1 or softening1 of the brain substance1 on account of insufficient nourishment1 a deficient supply of blood2 whilst in others1 it is due to just the opposite condition1 an excess of blood1 producing rupture of some blood-vessel1 transudations1 and pressure4 ,,paraplegia1 or paralysis of the lower half of the body1 is the result of disease of the spinal marrow4 ,the paralysis may occur suddenly1 but1 in the majority of cases1 it comes on slowly and insidiously1 with weakness and numbness of the feet and legs1 or with tingling and a sensation resembling that produced by ants creeping on the surface of the skin4 ,by degrees the weakness increases1 until there is complete loss of both motion and sensation in the feet and legs4 ,the lower bowel and bladder are generally involved1 and as a result1 the patient suffers from constipation1 and retention and dribbling of urine4 ,although completely paralyzed1 the patient is often tormented with involuntary movements and cramps in the affected muscles4 ,paraplegia may be caused by various injuries of the spinal cord2 by congestion1 degeneration1 or hemorrhage2 by pressure from thickening of the sheath of the cord1 or from tumors1 or from disease of the bones and cartilages of the spinal column4 ,paraplegia may also be produced through reflex action1 by an irritation1 or injury to some organ or part of the body distant from the spinal cord2 thus1 irritation of the skin1 or of the bowels from the presence of worms1 or disease of the bladder or of the womb1 may produce paraplegia4 ,,locomotor ,,ataxia4 ,locomotor ataxia1 or creeping palsy1 is also called progressive paralysis4 ,this affection consists of a disease of the nervous matter in the posterior columns of the spinal cord4 ,it usually affects first the lower part of the cord1 and those portions of the nerve matter that supply the muscles of the legs4 ,in other cases it first affects the portions of the spinal cord that supply the arms4 ,in most cases of this disease there is an early stage in which the patient suffers from lightning pains1 as they are called4 ,these are of a severe1 stabbing1 boring character1 very sudden in their onset1 and at times so serious as to have induced suicide4 ,these paroxysms1 in the milder form of the disease1 are not so severe1 and are readily controlled by anodynes4 ,they may affect the stomach1 and be mistaken for dyspepsia1 or the rectum1 and be taken for fissure or piles4 ,at times they affect the bladder1 when the symptoms are not unlike those of stone or cancer4 ,in many cases we find the patient has been treated for a long period of years for rheumatism1 sciatica1 or neuralgia1 when the real disease has been this progressive paralysis in its earlier stage4 ,sometimes the disease takes the form of spermatorrhea or impotency2 in other cases it is manifested in weak eyes1 disturbances of vision1 or cross-eyes4 ,sooner or later1 there appears the peculiar paralysis of the disease1 which consists of more or less numbness of the feet and legs1 and1 in the later stages1 of the hands and arms1 sometimes of the face4 ,as a rule1 however1 the patient finds difficulty in properly maintaining his balance1 and in walking his movements are tottering1 like a man partially intoxicated4 ,it is difficult for him to maintain his balance and walk with his eyes closed4 ,if the arms are affected1 their movements are uncertain4 ,in guiding a needle or in buttoning or unbuttoning the clothing1 there is an inability to move the hand with rapidity and certainty1 or to any portion of the face or body if the eyes be closed4 ,the eyes and attention must be constantly directed to the motion that is about to be performed1 or it is imperfectly done4 ,the brain centres in this case supply the weakened action of the spinal cord1 and the stimulus to the muscles is directed by the intelligence instead of being automatic1 as in health1 and due to spinal action4 ,still later1 the voluntary movements become spasmodic or jerking4 ,the neuralgic pains often become very distressing2 there is often a sense of constriction around the limbs or body1 as if they were encircled with tight cords4 ,in extreme cases locomotion becomes impossible1 the patient is unable to bring the hand to the mouth1 and the speech may become impaired1 articulation being difficult and imperfect4 ,in all cases there is more or less loss of sensation in the lower limbs1 the patient generally being usable to distinguish between two points and one1 even when the two1 are a considerable distance apart4 ,the inability to feel the contact of the ground or floor with the feet occasions the difficulty in walking4 ,,the ,,causes of this disease are somewhat obscure1 but unquestionably exposure to cold and dampness1 and over-mental work1 are largely instrumental in its production4 ,scrofula and syphilis favor its development1 while abuse of the nervous system1 such as results from over-indulgence of the animal and reproductive instincts1 are frequent sources of the nervous changes that lead to ataxia4 ,,shaking ,,palsy4 ,shaking ,palsy1 or ,paralysis ,agitans1 is an affection dependent upon degenerative changes in the nervous centres4 ,it is characterized by a tremulous agitation1 or continual shaking1 beginning in the hands1 arms or head1 and gradually extending itself over the entire body4 ,the disease progresses slowly1 but when far advanced the agitation is violent1 and the patient swallows and masticates his food with great difficulty4 ,in an advanced stage of the disease1 the body becomes bent forward1 and the chin almost touches the breast-bone4 ,the tremor1 which early in the disease only occurred during the time the patient was awake1 now continues during sleep1 and not infrequently the agitation becomes so violent as to waken the sufferer4 ,,general ,,treatment ,,of ,,paralysis4 ,the indications of treatment for the various forms of paralysis are to remove the causes1 if these can be determined1 and rouse the functions of the paralyzed parts4 ,measures should be adopted to remedy the morbid conditions upon which this affection depends4 ,keep the skin clean and healthy1 promote the circulation of the blood1 especially in the paralyzed limbs1 and encourage healthy nutrition4 ,these ends may be best attained by the daily employment of stimulating baths and frictions upon the surface4 ,as much regular exercise as the patient can bear without fatigue should be taken in order to favor the preservation of the appetite and strength4 ,care should also be taken that the bowels are evacuated regularly every day4 ,the circulation through1 and consequently the nutrition of1 the palsied muscles may be aided by having a strong healthy person knead and manipulate them4 ,these manual movements upon the surface of the body will often excite muscular sensibility1 similar to that awakened by a weak ,faradic current4 ,the internal medicines should be such as to regulate the general functions of the system4 ,the use of these remedies must be directed by the skill and experience of those who are professionally qualified to administer hem4 ,when the patient has been able to be under our personal care at the ,invalids' ,hotel1 we have found the employment of mechanical movements and manipulations1 applied by means of a variety of machinery1 employed in this ,institution1 together with the use of the equalizer1 or large dry cupping1 or vacuum apparatus1 to be of the greatest benefit4 ,these several machines and apparatus furnish a perfect system of physical training1 thus rendering valuable aid in the cure of many forms of obstinate chronic diseases4 ,a few of these machines are shown in ,figs4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 and #ad2 also see page #cb of ,appendix4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,manipulator ,extended4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,manipulator ,folded4 ,the general practitioner often endeavors to overcome the inertia of the nerve-centers and nerves by means of specific irritants1 with the view of exciting the power-producing function1 of compelling the weakened and disabled centers to evolve more power4 ,by such stimulation and forcing1 he places a burden on the weakest parts4 ,the compulsory and ineffectual endeavor of the weak parts to act in response to such stimulation is very liable to make undue drafts upon the capacity to act1 which only end in exhaustion of the little remaining power instead of its re-enforcement4 ,cases which were previously curable by direct and appropriate means1 are thus forever placed beyond the reach of remedies4 ,no powerful stimulating or depressing medicines are indicated in any of the various forms of the affection4 ,in paralysis it should be our aim to improve local and general nutrition1 to relieve local congestions and inflammations1 to produce absorption of deposited matters1 and to force an abundance of blood through palsied muscles1 from which they may derive a proper supply of nutriment1 and to which they may give up the products of waste4 ,all this can be accomplished by massage1 mechanical movements1 regulation of the atmospheric pressure on the body1 baths1 and proper physical culture4 ,in paralysis1 there is a diminution or total loss of the contractile property of the muscles to which the affected nerve fibers are distributed2 consequently the capillaries and small veins are not compressed1 as in health1 and the blood is not forced on through them towards the heart2 hence there is a backing-up of the circulation1 passive congestion1 and all the evils incident to that condition ensue4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,oscillating the ,arms and ,chest4 ,mechanical movements properly applied to the affected limbs1 or parts of the body1 accomplish the same results as contraction of the muscles4 ,they compress the capillaries and veins and thus force the blood on through these vessels towards the heart4 ,there is a constant pressure in the arteries1 hence the flow of blood in the capillaries is always towards the veins1 and1 when it gets into the veins1 it is prevented from flowing back by the valves in those vessels4 ,a proper circulation of the blood through the disordered parts is thus effected1 and1 as the result1 they receive an abundance of nutriment1 and their waste products are promptly carried away to the excretory organs1 by which they are separated from the body2 the deposits of fatty matter between the muscular fibers are absorbed1 and the agglutinated fibers are separated4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,rubbing the ,legs4 ,as proof of these statements1 it has been found by experiment and observation that there is an increase of temperature in the parts subjected to this action1 which must be due mainly to an increase in the chemico-vital changes that are superinduced by the nutritious elements of the arterial blood1 particularly that element which is supplied to it by the inspired air1 oxygen4 ,all the products of waste are increased4 ,the skin becomes more soft and moist1 showing that the amount of matter eliminated by it is increased4 ,the urine becomes more abundant1 and the relative amount of urea1 its most important constituent1 becomes greatly increased4 ,the amount of carbonic acid gas exhaled is increased1 and further evidence in the same direction is furnished by the very marked increase in the inspiratory acts1 necessitated by the increased demands for oxygen4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,oscillating the ,legs4 ,the local increase of the circulation incident to properly applied mechanical movements1 must produce a corresponding diminution of blood in other1 even in remote1 regions of the body4 ,thus this treatment1 by its revulsive effects1 is capable of relieving various disorders of the head1 chest1 digestive organs1 and pelvis4 ,nowhere1 however1 is the effect more satisfactory than in affections of the brain and spinal cord1 whether characterized by loss of power1 of sensation1 or by neuralgic pain4 ,any portion of these nerve centres suffering from congestion1 will find prompt relief in mechanical vibratory movements4 ,,the ,,movement ,,cure which we advocate is not a ,swedish ,movement ,cure1 nor anything akin to it4 ,it is the application of remedial forces by complex structures1 which combine a variety of mechanical powers4 ,the inventions are solely ,american4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,apparatus for ,rubbing in a ,recumbent ,position4 ,by means of this machinery1 which is driven by steam power with great velocity1 we are able to apply soft1 pleasant1 rapid vibrating movements over the surface of the body1 and thereby increase the circulation of blood through the parts1 raise the temperature1 and excite pleasant sensations4 ,the movements can be applied by our ingeniously-devised machinery to any part of the body through the clothing and without the least exposure of the person4 ,they can be administered in a great variety of ways1 by light1 quiet persuasions1 by gentle frictions1 by rubbing1 by oscillations1 by kneadings1 by circular movements1 in fact1 by an almost endless variety of reciprocating and alternating motions1 which1 if described1 would convey to the mind of the reader but a faint conception of their remedial value4 ,,vibratory ,,motion not only establishes activity of the circulation through the skin and muscles1 but it also affects profoundly the circulation in the important and vital organs of the body2 it is thus capable of overcoming torpidity or congestion of the liver1 spleen1 and other deep-seated organs1 without the depressing effects which sometimes follow the administration of powerful medicines4 ,it has not been our purpose to literally explain1 in detail1 the methods of applying vibratory motion in the treatment of paralysis for popular experiment1 since to be successful one should become an expert1 not only in this mechanical treatment1 but also in the diagnosis of the various forms of paralysis1 as well as familiar with their causes1 pathology1 and remedial requirements4 ,thus1 to be successful in the treatment of paralysis and other nervous diseases1 by the application of motor forces with our ingeniously-contrived machinery1 the cost of which is beyond the means of most invalids1 one must exercise great discretion4 ,,gratifying ,,success4 ,not only is vibratory motion as a remedial agent rational and philosophical1 but our experience has fully demonstrated its marvelous effects in the treatment of paralysis in its various forms1 and also in the cure of other chronic diseases4 ,we have cured cases of infantile paralysis which had resisted the skill of the most renowned physicians in our country4 ,we have treated those who could not stand or bear the weight of the body1 but who have been so far restored as to be able to walk and run without assistance4 ,writer's and telegraph operator's paralysis1 or cramp1 we have cured in a few weeks' time4 ,club-feet1 spinal curvature1 and other deformities resulting from paralysis1 have been successfully treated in our ,institution4 ,in short1 our success has been most flattering in all curable cases of paralysis1 and it is such experience that induces us to hold out encouragement to those who are afflicted with paralysis and other nervous affections4 ,vibratory motion is a desideratum of priceless value to those who are afflicted with diseases of the nervous system1 as well as to all others who need a gentle stimulus to call forth their latent energies and improve their physical condition4 ,,recapitulation4 ,motion1 properly transmitted to the human system by mechanical apparatus1 is transformed into other forms of force identical with vital energy1 by which the ordinary processes of the system are greatly promoted4 ,it increases animal heat and nervous and muscular power to the normal standard4 ,it removes engorgement or local impediments to the circulation4 ,the electrical induction produced1 renders it a most efficacious remedy for paralysis of all kinds4 ,it removes interstitial fluids and causes rapid absorption and disappearance of solid and fluid accumulations4 ,it is a powerful alterative1 or blood-purifier1 increasing oxidation and stimulating excretion4 ,it diminishes chronic nervous irritability and promotes sleep4 ,it hardens the flesh by increasing muscular development and improves digestion and nutrition4 ,,animal ,,juices1 ,,or ,,extracts4 ,the use of animal1 nerve and gland extracts has proven of surprising efficiency in the treatment of paralysis and locomotor ataxia4 ,they furnish a pabulum in concentrated form for the nourishment and restoration of the weakened nerve cells and fibres4 ,in the vast majority of cases1 we have been able1 by the use of these recently discovered curative agents1 when assisted by other means at our command at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 to arrest the progress of these nervous affections1 hitherto so generally considered incurable1 and bring about restoration of the paralysed functions and a renewal of lost power4 ,these comparatively new remedial agents have been very thoroughly tested by us4 ,their merits are more fully considered in a preceding chapter of this treatise1 under the head of treatment for ,nervous ,exhaustion1 or ,debility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epilepsy 7,,fits74 ,epilepsy1 or falling sickness1 is a disease which is characterized by attacks of sudden loss of consciousness1 together with convulsive movements of the muscles4 ,the paroxysms occur at irregular intervals1 the periods between them1 in some cases1 being only a few minutes or hours1 while in others1 several months elapse4 ,there are two classes of ,epilepsy3 #ast4 ,the general form1 with a convulsion that usually involves all the muscles of the body simultaneously4 ,it begins suddenly with little or no warning1 commonly with a cry or scream4 ,the convulsion may last several minutes and is followed by a deep sleep for some hours4 #bnd4 ,the local or ,jacksonian form in which the attack begins with a peculiar sensation in some particular region of the body1 either in one extremity or one half of the face4 ,this sensation is followed by a twitching of the muscles of the part4 ,the sensation and spasm extend or advance gradually to other parts4 ,consciousness is not usually lost1 though it may be when the spasms culminate in a general convulsion4 ,great weakness generally follows in the parts convulsed1 gradually passing away4 ,when the attack begins on the right side of the face it is associated with an immediate inability to speak4 ,,symptoms4 ,in the severe forms of the disease1 the subject suddenly loses consciousness and falls2 there is rigidity of the muscles1 which causes a twitching of the face and limbs2 the eyes are turned up1 and there is foaming at the mouth4 ,in the severe form of the disease1 the respiration is arrested1 while in the milder attacks1 the breathing is difficult1 slow1 deep1 and snoring4 ,with the commencement of the spasm1 the tongue is sometimes caught between the teeth and severely bitten4 ,during the paroxysm1 the countenance changes from a livid hue to dark purple4 ,the convulsion continues from one to three minutes1 and is followed by a deep1 sighing inspiration2 the subject then sinks into a deep sleep1 which continues for half an hour or longer4 ,when consciousness is first regained1 the subject appears confused1 stupid1 and usually complains of headache4 ,he has no recollection of what has occurred during the attack1 he pronounces words indistinctly1 and if he attempts to walk1 he staggers like a drunken man4 ,sometimes1 several attacks occur so closely together that there is no interval of consciousness between them4 ,in some cases1 there are premonitory symptoms1 such as giddiness1 drowsiness1 headache1 and irritability of temper1 which warn the subject of an approaching paroxysm4 ,occasionally1 a wave of cold commencing at the feet and proceeding to the head1 is experienced4 ,this is called an aura4 ,when it reaches the brain1 the subject becomes unconscious1 falls1 and the convulsion commences4 ,if the disease be allowed to proceed unchecked1 it almost invariably leads to great impairment of mind1 insanity1 or paralysis4 ,,causes4 ,the predisposing causes are an hereditary tendency to the disease1 and everything which impairs the constitution and produces nervous prostration and irritability4 ,syphilis1 phimosis1 sexual abuses1 uterine disease1 and the use of alcoholic liquors are prominent predisposing causes4 ,many of the causes treated by us have been brought on by masturbation4 ,others are the results of injury to the head4 ,often fracture of the skull is followed by epileptic attacks4 ,the exciting causes include everything which disturbs the equilibrium of the nervous system4 ,indigestible articles of food1 intestinal worms1 loss of sleep1 great exhaustion1 grief1 anger1 constipation of the bowels1 piles1 and uterine irritation may be enumerated among such causes4 ,convulsions of an epileptic character may also be induced by a poisoned condition of the blood1 from malaria and disease of the kidneys or liver4 ,,treatment4 ,when the time of an expected paroxysm approaches1 great care should be exercised that the patient be not suddenly attacked while carrying a lighted lamp1 or that he does not fall in some dangerous place1 strike upon a heated stove1 or in some similar way inflict great injury4 ,if there be warning symptoms before the attack1 the subject should carry a vial of the nitrite of amyl in the pocket1 and1 when the premonitory symptoms are felt1 two or three drops should be poured on a handkerchief and held about an inch from the nose and inhaled1 until flushing is produced1 or a burning sensation is felt in the face4 ,during the paroxysm1 the subject should be laid on the back1 with the head slightly elevated1 and the clothing about the neck and waist1 if tight1 should be loosened4 ,if there be sufficient warning1 a folded napkin1 or a soft pine stick covered with a handkerchief or cloth1 should be placed between the double teeth1 to prevent the tongue from being bitten4 ,during the fit1 the head may be bathed with cold water4 ,a person who suffers from this disease should avoid everything which tends to excite the nervous system1 or increase to any great extent the action of the heart4 ,the sufferer should go to bed at regular hours1 and take at least eight hours sleep4 ,the sleeping-room should be large and well ventilated1 and the patient should lie with the head elevated4 ,all indigestible articles of food should be avoided and the diet should consist principally of bread1 vegetables1 milk1 and fruits4 ,meat should be taken but once a day1 and then in very small quantities4 ,the use of alcoholic liquors and coffee should be avoided1 and tea only taken in small quantities4 ,the bowels should be regulated with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets and injections1 if necessary4 ,a thorough bath should be taken once or twice a week4 ,if the attacks occur at night1 the body should be sponged before going to bed with tepid water1 to which should be added sufficient tincture or infusion of capsicum1 or red-pepper1 to render it stimulating to the skin4 ,the causes1 if they can be determined1 should be removed1 and those remedies administered which relieve nervous irritability and cerebral congestion4 ,if due to worms1 the proper remedies should be given2 if to phimosis1 the subject should be circumcised2 if to pressure on the brain1 from fracture of the skull1 trephining should be practiced1 and the depressed bone raised4 ,there are no specifics for this disease2 each individual case must be treated according to the condition presented4 ,the nostrums advertised extensively over the country as specifics for this disease1 while they may1 in some instances1 prevent the attacks for a short time1 irritate the stomach1 impair digestion1 lower vitality1 and permanently injure the system1 often rendering the disease incurable4 ,they deceive the sufferer1 leading him to think that his disease is being cured1 until it progresses so far that he is beyond the reach of any treatment4 ,as a rule1 the longer the disease progresses1 the more difficult it is to cure4 ,epilepsy has by many physicians been regarded as incurable1 but our extensive experience has convinced us that by an appropriate course of treatment1 the vast majority of cases can be cured4 ,the animal extracts1 or juices1 herein more fully described under the head of treatment for ,nervous ,exhaustion1 have proven curative in some cases that have resisted other remedies4 ,this treatment requires the personal attention of a physician skilled in its employment4 ,it is also of first importance that the extracts be properly made4 ,we have discovered several new remedies1 which undoubtedly exert a powerful curative influence over this disease1 but it is necessary to vary the treatment so much in different cases1 that it would be useless to enter further into details in this treatise4 ,,surgical ,,treatment4 ,a considerable proportion of those cases of epilepsy1 termed ,jacksonian1 have been found to be caused by new growth upon1 or in1 the substance of the brain4 ,sometimes cysts form as a result of small hemorrhages1 or of spots of softening from clots in the cerebral arteries4 ,other cases are due to a small spot of hardened tissue or an inflamed centre of irritation in the outer gray matter of the brain4 ,the majority of these forms of disease can be exactly localized in a small area of the brain1 and may usually be traced to a blow or fall on the head1 or to fracture of the skull without depression4 ,the discovery of the fact that such results of injury will produce localized spasm has naturally lead to the conclusion that similar products anywhere in the brain may give rise to epilepsy4 ,in these cases trephining of the skull and the removal of irritation from the brain has been followed by the most successful results4 ,it is seldom a serious or dangerous operation1 but very few deaths having resulted in the practice of good surgeons in many hundreds of cases1 and these were individuals who were not favorable for operation1 and in whom it was undertaken as a last resort ,in these cases of epilepsy1 due to injury1 the operation is fairly safe1 and in carefully selected cases that have not been allowed to run so long as to bring upon the brain a general epileptic tendency1 the results of operation are good and the procedure warrantable4 ,,see ,,testimonials ,,from ,a ,,few ,,of ,,the ,,many ,,cures ,,effected ,,by ,,our ,,specialists4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chorea 7,,st4 ,,vitus',s ,,dance74 ,this disease is an affection of the nervous system1 which is characterized by spasmodic contractions of certain muscles4 ,it may affect the entire body1 although it is usually confined to the left side1 or to a special group of muscles4 ,,symptoms4 ,twitchings of the muscles of the face are the most conspicuous symptoms4 ,they are at first comparatively slight1 but as the disease progresses1 these spasms become more decided1 and the face is twisted into various shapes and forms4 ,the head1 in some cases1 is constantly jerking4 ,it is with great difficulty that the tongue is thrust out of the mouth1 and then1 with a sudden jerk1 it is quickly withdrawn4 ,these spasms or contortions1 may affect the extremities in a similar manner1 the hands and arms cannot be kept quiet1 the gait may be unsteady1 and one foot is merely dragged after the other4 ,if one limb be forcibly held1 to keep it quiet1 some other limb will involuntarily move4 ,strange as it may appear1 these contractions1 which cannot be controlled by the will during wakefulness1 are very much lessened or arrested by sleep4 ,prior to the development of the spasmodic affection1 there is usually a period in which the sufferer notes a want of appetite1 languidness1 with disinclination towards mental or bodily pursuits1 headache1 restlessness1 pains in the limbs and joints1 with irritable temper and weakness of memory4 ,there are many other symptoms in special cases4 ,as the disease develops1 the patient gradually begins to exhibit an awkwardness of movement in the extremities1 and objects frequently fall from the grasp4 ,children thus afflicted1 spill their food while eating1 and it becomes difficult for them to stand still4 ,attempts to write1 sew1 or draw are imperfectly performed4 ,such children are very often punished for supposed ill-behavior or careless habits4 ,later on the symptoms become more unmistakable1 and the presence of the disease is readily recognized4 ,the patient may become incapable of dressing1 and the limbs and face are no longer under the control of the will4 ,uncontrollable movements of the fingers1 hands1 shrugging of the shoulders1 dancing of the legs1 grimaces of the face1 and distortions of the body1 become more or less constant4 ,speech and swallowing may be seriously embarrassed4 ,any unusual excitement of the mind or body is apt to intensify the muscular twitchings4 ,severe mental application1 the reading of exciting books1 the witnessing of entertainments1 and excessive indulgence in sports1 have to be discontinued4 ,,the ,,most ,,common ,,causes seem to be exhaustion of the nerve centres1 due to the appearance of the second teeth in children and the development common to the age of puberty4 ,other causes may be briefly mentioned as follows3 rheumatic affections1 constipation1 a morbid state of the blood1 suppression of the menstrual function1 uterine difficulties1 masturbation1 or self-abuse1 blows1 injuries1 or any cause which would give rise to nervous debility4 ,sometimes it is caused by obstruction in the alimentary canal1 or by intestinal worms4 ,,treatment4 ,the disease is one in which there is a debility of the nerve centres1 complicated with a lack of assimilation and digestion4 ,there is no affection more amenable to treatment in its early stages than this4 ,we are daily in receipt of correspondence from sufferers1 or their parents1 or friends1 in which the most gratifying relief and a cure has resulted from the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription used in conjunction with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,these two remedies should be used alternately1 the dose being suited to the age of the patient4 ,a large majority of the cases of chorea occur in females and at the period of life when the nervous system is subjected to unusual requirements4 ,in these cases the ,favorite ,prescription effects a gradual restoration of nervous energy1 and improvement in the tone of the nerve centres1 and by its direct effect upon the circulation in the ovarian region1 eliminates the most potent causes of debility4 ,in young people1 we usually advise a dose of three drops for each year of the age4 ,for instance1 children of eight years of age should take twenty-four drops2 those of twelve1 thirty-six drops2 those of fifteen1 forty-five drops1 which is about two-thirds of a teaspoonful4 ,a similar dose of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be administered1 taking it before meals1 and the ,prescription after meals4 ,under their administration the patient will rapidly improve in health and strength2 the circulation is materially bettered1 the blood is purified1 enriched1 vitalized4 ,the remedies effect a complete removal1 from the blood1 of the impurities that represent nerve waste1 and as a consequence the nerve cells are properly nourished4 ,the disease is gradually controlled1 and when the favorable influences of quiet1 nourishing food1 with plenty of outdoor air1 and not too active exercise is added1 the progress is most gratifying4 ,the patients1 in a few weeks1 are able to control much of the spasmodic movements1 and gradually their restoration to a normal condition is accomplished4 ,in occasional cases1 where there is some complication1 as rheumatism or other severe affection1 complicating and preventing their recovery1 special treatment is required4 ,we are always ready to advise in regard to such cases when consulted either by mail or in person4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,if the following letters had been written by your best known and most esteemed neighbors they could be no more worthy of your confidence than they are now1 coming1 as they do1 from well known1 intelligent and trustworthy citizens1 who1 in their several neighborhoods1 enjoy the fullest confidence and respect of all who know them4 ,out of thousands of similar letters received from former patrons1 we have selected these few at random1 and have to regret that we can find room only for this comparatively small number in this volume4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,m4 ,carson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am thankful to-day that ,i can honestly say1 that as a result of your few weeks' treatment1 ,i feel better now in both body and mind than ,i have for fifteen years4 ,before ,i consulted you ,i felt more like taking my own life to end my miserable feelings than ,i felt like living2 ,i had given up all hopes of ever being any good to myself or anybody else1 but1 thank ,god1 your encouragement1 and kind words1 and skillful treatment have made a different man of me4 ,before ,i consulted you1 ,i took no interest in business nor any thing else in the world1 which the wise ,creator has placed in this world for all mankind to enjoy2 but now my mind is clear1 and ,i take an interest in business and enjoy life better than ,i ever did before4 ,now1 may ,god bless you for your good and skillful treatment of me2 and1 also1 may this be the means of inducing others who are to-day suffering from the same complaint to at once consult you1 as ,i can assure them that they will receive full benefit of your kind attention1 for moderate charges4 ,yours respectfully1 ,t4,m4 ,,carson1 ,p4,o4 ,box #ade1 ,swissvale1 ,allegheny ,co41 ,pa4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,special ,,treatment1 ,,followed ,,by ,,use ,,of ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,ltd41 #c1 ,new ,oxford ,street1 ,london1 ,w4,c43 ,illustration3 ,f4 ,macey1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i now write to describe the benefit which ,i have received from your treatment4 ,for some time ,i had been suffering from nervous debility1 and before placing myself under your treatment my trouble was very severe2 and not understanding the nature of my disease1 ,i did not know what to do until ,i saw a few testimonials of your wonderful cures1 when ,i was led to at once communicate with you2 and after two months' special treatment from you1 ,i was greatly relieved1 and was advised to then use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which ,i did for a time1 and am happy to say that ,i now feel like another man1 and am troubled no longer with the old symptoms1 and ,i thank ,god1 and also the kind gentlemen that have been conducting my case1 for the treatment and advice which ,i have received4 ,i also think the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is a most wonderful medicine1 and ,i shall feel it my duty to speak well of your medicines and treatment to all fellow sufferers ,i may meet4 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,f4 ,,macey1 ,faversham1 ,kent1 ,england4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,illustration3 ,a4,e4 ,norcross1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,two and a half years ago1 after seeking in vain for health at the hands of local doctors1 ,i began treatment with you for ,nervous ,debility of a complicated nature4 ,ag a result thereof ,i now give this testimonial1 having been changed from a person of rapidly declining health--often despondent and with no inclination to work of any kind1 to one of sound constitution who enjoys life and is once more able to battle his way to success in life2 and it is now about two years since the change occurred1 showing it to be permanent4 ,i cannot say too much in praise of your methods1 and careful1 courteous attention which myself and others have enjoyed at your hands2 and that the good work may go on to an unlimited extent is my earnest wish4 ,yours sincerely4 ,a4,e4 ,,norcross1 7,general ,delivery71 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,heart ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,greenwell4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i feel very grateful to you1 and to our all-wise ,creator for restoring my health4 ,when ,i first wrote to you ,i was a miserable sufferer with nervous debility1 dyspepsia1 heart disease1 also female weakness4 ,i was so nervous and low-spirited ,i could not sleep1 in fact ,i was just about as weak and low as ,i could be1 and could scarcely drag around2 but1 after persevering for about twelve months1 occasionally with the help of your kind treatment and advice1 ,i once more begin to feel like myself again4 ,words cannot tell how ,i do appreciate my health4 ,thank you1 gentlemen6 ,i shall never forget the kind business-like manner in which you have treated me4 ,may ,god bless you1 inasmuch as your heart's desire is to do good to suffering humanity4 ,very truly1 ,miss ,k4 ,,greenwell1 ,no4 #bec ,twenty-second ,st41 ,ogden1 ,utah4 ,,nervous ,,debility--,,result ,,of ,,indiscretion4 ,illustration3 ,c4,h4 ,goodsell1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,for the last year and a half ,i was troubled with ,nervous ,debility4 ,i tried some medicine that ,i bought from the druggist1 which did me little or no good2 so1 hearing of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 of ,buffalo1 ,i wrote them about my case1 and in reply1 they said they were sure they could cure me4 ,at that time ,i was weak in my arms and legs1 had poor sight and1 worst of all1 ,i was very nervous and bashful4 ,i could not sleep at night and feel refreshed in the morning4 ,i could not look any one in the eye without feeling ashamed4 ,i have now taken two months' treatment and ,i feel sound in mind and body2 but to be sure ,i am going to take another month's treatment from these same doctors in ,buffalo4 ,i recommend all men who are afflicted with any disease similar to the one of which ,i have just been cured to apply to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 and if they take treatment from these doctors they will surely be cured4 ,i cannot praise them too much for what they have done for me4 ,yours truly1 ,c4,h4 ,,goodsell1 ,no4 #aea ,s4,w4 ,temple ,st4 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,w4 ,knapp1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i had been out of health for a period of about three years4 ,suffered with pains in the head1 catarrh1 chills1 fever1 nervousness1 and general debility4 ,spent about all the money ,i had in order to obtain relief1 but received little1 if any good4 ,i was scarcely able to work1 when in ,july1 #ahhg1 ,i wrote to your ,association1 describing my case4 ,you replied1 advising me1 and prescribing a course of treatment1 which you sent to me4 ,after taking but a part of these medicines ,i began to feel a great deal better2 could sleep very much better and was able to resume work as usual1 but still suffered some pain in head1 and my buck was lame and weak4 ,i continued treatment for some three or four months1 until all remaining symptoms of distress and weakness had disappeared4 ,at the end of about eight months ,i found ,i felt as well as ,i ever did4 ,my weight had increased fully twenty pounds1 and ,i could safely say that you had effected a perfect cure in my case4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,thomas ,,wesley ,,knapp1 ,myhart1 ,allen ,co41 ,ind4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,williams4 ,gentlemen--,i was sick for over three years with nervous complaint1 with blind dizzy spells1 palpitation of the heart1 pain in the back and head1 and at times would have such a weak tired feeling when ,i first got up in the morning1 and at times nervous chills4 ,at other times1 ,i would feel as if there were a tight bandage around my forehead4 ,the first physician ,i went to said ,i had nervous dyspepsia2 the next one did not say what he thought ailed me2 the third said ,i had dyspepsia1 but none of them did me any good4 ,as soon as ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 ,i began to get better2 could sleep well nights1 and that bad nervous feeling and the pain in my back soon left me4 ,i can walk several miles without getting tired4 ,i took in all1 three bottles of the ,favorite ,prescription and two of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,jennie ,,williams1 ,mohawk1 ,lane ,co41 ,oregon4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,c4 ,dillon1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i applied to you for medical treatment ,i was in a very bad state4 ,your suggestion that ,i use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery was followed with good results1 and ,i can say ,i felt the effects of it before the first bottle was finished4 ,the dull pains in my back were leaving me very fast4 ,i used three bottles of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had a dull pain in the back1 restless sleep followed by very trying dreams1 appetite poor1 weakness1 consequently very easily tired4 ,now ,i can go about my work1 walk twelve or fifteen miles a day and not feel tired4 ,when ,i commenced to use your ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i only weighed #abe pounds2 now have increased to #aej4 ,yours respectfully1 ,w4,c4 ,,dillon1 ,box #fc1 ,woburn1 ,middlesex ,co41 ,mara4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4,h4 ,moore1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i had been ailing for months and did not know what was the matter4 ,i had a heavy and languid feeling2 dimness of sight1 spots and flashes before my eyes2 an all gone feeling in my stomach as if the bottom had fallen out2 was nervous and irritable and felt like sinking down when at work4 ,i could hardly get up in the morning2 it seemed as if ,i were more tired then ,i was when ,i went to bed4 ,my appetite at times was ravenous1 and at other times the smell of food made me sick2 ,i would often go from the dinner table and vomit4 ,i would have spells when it seemed that every man was my foe and would be melancholy1 and think that something was going to happen to me2 was easily upset1 could not get my mind to stay on anything long at a time4 ,when ,i read about your remedies1 ,i made up my mind to try them4 ,after taking one month's treatment ,i felt better1 and kept on until ,i had taken three months' treatment and was made a new man4 ,i would advise any one who is in bad health to do the same1 and will assure them that ,dr4 ,pierce is a gentleman1 and will do ,just what he says1 as he did in my case4 ,yours truly1 ,,maris ,h4 ,,moore1 ,ocean ,city1 ,cape ,may ,co41 ,n4,j4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs ,linn4 ,dear ,sir--,my case was a complication of diseases--a general break-down1 lasting three years4 ,i placed myself under the treatment of four different physicians4 ,at last1 giving up all hope of recovery at home1 ,i was making arrangements to go to a ,sanitarium in ,michigan for special treatment4 ,one of your small books with blank enclosed was handed to me2 ,i filled out the blank1 and thought ,i would try rather than leave home and little ones1--,happy decision2 two months' special treatment and ,i was well and happy1 and to-day1 ,i have the very best of health4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,loma ,,linn1 ,ladoga1 ,montgomery ,co41 ,ind4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,thomas1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,had vertigo1 or dizziness4 ,pain over right eye4 ,vomiting sometimes1 severe pains in arms1 from elbows to shoulders1 pain in left side4 ,numbness of the fingers4 ,his home physician said will run into paralysis4 ,analysis of the urine shows phosphatic deposits4 ,began treatment with specialists of ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in ,august1 '#hg2 used the remedies interruptedly for about six months4 ,writes ,may #aath1 '#hi1 have not had a dizzy spell for a year4 ,in ,october1'#ij1 writes1 the dizzy spells have gone for good1 ,i hope4 ,november #ith1 '#ic1 reports1 ,i most willingly recommend your medicines for they cured me of those dizzy spells of long standing1 after four doctors in this county had treated my case for three years1 without benefit4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,jasper ,,thomas1 ,alamosa1 ,conejos ,co41 ,col4 ,,irritability ,,and ,,exhaustion ,,of ,,the ,,nervous ,,system1 ,,rheumatism ,,and ,,heart ,,disease4 ,,cured ,,by ,,six ,,bottles ,,of ,,the ,,golden ,,medical ,,discovery4 ,illustration3 ,c4,a4 ,roberts1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,allison ,roberts1 of ,cassville1 ,white ,co41 ,tenn41 suffered a great deal from rheumatism1 he says3 ,legs ached more like toothache than anything ,i can think of1 the thigh bones throbbing and paining2 had pains in hips1 back1 arms and shoulders4 ,his symptoms also showed that the heart was affected4 ,had chills1 headache often and sometimes sick headache4 ,bowels were costive and irregular4 ,food distressed and could not eat meat2 urine milky2 coughed in early part of night1 and feet and legs would become numb4 ,had difficulty in getting to sleep before midnight1 and was restless through the night and dreamed much4 ,had sinking spells which lasted for thirty minutes4 ,turned pale1 became trembly and sometimes vomited his food4 ,almost immediately after beginning the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery the headache ceased4 ,after using four bottles1 reported that he had been benefited by the remedy4 ,later he reported3 ,i have been in reasonable health for some time4 ,i took six bottles of the ',golden ,medical ,discovery' and it cured the rheumatism entirely4 ,i had suffered with it for several years and found no relief until ,i used your medicine4 ,have no weak nor nervous symptoms now1 and no spells of turning sick at the stomach1 or of bad action of the heart1 palpitation1 etc4 ,,nervousness1 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sanderson4 ,gentlemen--,my health was utterly gone4 ,was suffering from nervousness1 female troubles and nasal catarrh2 life was almost a burden to me1 but a glorious change came1 due solely to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,i have suffered more than tongue can ever tell4 ,i have been treated by good physicians but they only help me temporarily4 ,i have taken a great many patent medicines with the same result4 ,in #ahij1 ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 which gave me immediate relief and a permanent cure4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,belle ,,sanderson1 ,sprout1 ,nicholas ,co41 ,ky4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #fjc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,ritter1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is now about six months since ,i discontinued your treatment1 and as ,i have had no return of the old symptoms1 ,i consider it unnecessary to take more medicine4 ,when ,i visited your ,institution some two years ago1 ,i had but faint hopes of ever being restored to health1 as ,i was suffering from a complication of diseases4 ,my case was an unusually obstinate one1 yet ,i am satisfied that a cure could have been accomplished in half the time1 had ,i been able to follow your directions in regard to diet more closely4 ,i hereby tender you my sincerest thanks for the kind treatment received while at your ,institution4 ,those days will always be the happiest in my memory4 ,i will close by giving your faculty my sincere thanks1 and hope success will crown your business4 ,yours very gratefully1 ,j4,f4 ,,ritter1 ,medford1 ,jackson ,co41 ,oreg4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,special ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,ltd41 #c1 ,new ,oxford ,street1 ,london1 ,w4,c43 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,trumbetta1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,in reply to your kind inquiries regarding my health1 ,i am only too glad to say that ,i am better than ,i ever was4 ,before taking your medicines1 ,i experienced great nervousness1 loss of appetite1 restless nights1 taking no interest in my work2 had pale complexion1 with hollow checks1 sunken eyes and loss of memory4 ,i only took your special treatment for about two months1 and received great benefit from taking it1 but still go on taking your ,pellets when required4 ,i am sorry to say that ,i have not got a photograph before taking your medicines1 or ,i should have been glad to send it to let you have seen them both before taking your medicines and after4 ,i remain ,yours sincerely1 ,w4 ,,trumbetta1 #hd1 ,essex ,street1 ,south ,heigham1 ,norwich1 ,eng4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,e4,a4 ,northrop4 ,gentlemen--,it is now sixteen years since ,i suffered from that terrible disease1 nervous prostration4 ,i suffered untold agony and thought ,i would go insane4 ,had a terrible burning sensation across my shoulders1 and my head felt large as two1 and as if there was a hole from one ear to the other and all sounds passed right through4 ,i could not see1 nor sleep1 nor scarcely eat1 and was that nervous the least thing made me angry4 ,i was treated by our home physician and given up as incurable4 ,at that time ,i saw your ,memorandum ,book and thought ,i would write you1 and the result of it was you took my case4 ,after one month of your valuable remedies ,i felt like a new person1 and after six months was restored to good health again after suffering nearly one year of untold agony4 ,i would heartily recommend all and every one suffering from any chronic disease to place their case in the hands of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 as ,i cannot praise your treatment too highly4 ,words are inadequate to express the gratitude ,i owe you in so successfully treating my case4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,e4,a4 ,,northrop1 ,south ,main ,street1 ,newark1 ,wayne ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,general ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,w4 ,stocking1 ,esq4 ,my ,dear ,sirs--,i believe that ,i am free from all the troubles that you have been treating me for4 ,the pain in my back is gone--my digestion is good4 ,in all truth ,i can say ,i am a man again6 ,i can stoop without pain--can labor without that weak and tired feeling4 ,i am truly grateful to you for the good that you have done me1 and may you reap a rich reward for the good you have done for suffering humanity1 is my sincere wish4 ,truly yours1 ,j4,w4 ,,stocking1 ,panama4 ,lancaster ,county1 ,nebr4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,a4 ,walton1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i commenced treatment1 ,i think1 in ,july or ,august1 of #ahhh1 and continued four months4 ,my case was nervous debility of fifteen years' standing4 ,i tried home doctors but found they were only aggravating my case4 ,i also tried the ,remedy ,company1 then of ,st4 ,louis1 who claimed to perform wonderful cures with their ,pastiles1 but they proved utterly worthless4 ,having come in possession of ,dr4 ,pierce's little book and circulars1 a perusal of the same convinced me that my health would not be trifled with at his ,institution4 ,i was a poor man and could not afford much experimenting4 ,i ordered one month's treatment1 and at the end of this first month1 ,i found1 to my surprise1 that ,i was feeling different4 ,the second month1 still more surprised at my returning health4 ,third month thought ,i was cured1 and engaged myself to a young lady1 and wrote you to that effect1 and you advised me with your congratulations to marry1 and to order another month's treatment2 and at the end of the fourth month ,i was a man1 something ,i did not know what it would be like to be before4 ,i have now been married five years1 and have two healthy children--a boy and a girl4 ,i would never have dared to marry had it not been for your medicines4 ,i must add that during this treatment ,i was troubled with varicocele on left side4 ,i wrote you this at third month of treatment1 and you sent without extra charge1 a ,suspensory and ,lotion1 and two months' treatment cured me sound and well of this distressing malady2 ,i have not felt the least symptoms of its return4 ,i want the world to know what a competent and honorable firm the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association is4 ,i would love to shake you by the hand4 ,may ,god let you continue to be a help to mankind is my prayer4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,a4 ,,walton1 ,marion1 ,grant ,county1 ,ind4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,l4 ,ridings1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can bear testimony to the removal of varicocele1 for which you treated me4 ,i had been in the habit of getting out with the boys and trying to see which could kick the highest with one foot on the ground1 and it caused me to have varicocele4 ,i went to my home doctor and he treated me with no success4 ,it was getting worse all the time and ,i got out of shape all over4 ,my health got bad and ,i thought my case hopeless4 ,i had tried two doctors and received no benefit4 ,i had one of your little ,memorandum ,books in my pocket1 and one day1 looking through it ,i saw you treated such cases1 and wrote you and received word in a few days that you would treat me1 so ,i sent off for one month's treatment2 and in five months ,i had gained my weight back1 and that was eight years ago and ,i feel sound and well and my health has been good ever since4 ,you are at liberty to use my testimony in whatever way it may be of most benefit to you4 ,i also enclose a photograph of myself that was taken soon after your treatment4 ,with feelings of much gratefulness1 ,i am4 ,very truly yours1 ,j4,l4 ,,ridings1 ,clarence1 ,shelby ,county1 ,missouri4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,indigestion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,r1,m4 ,bascom1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is now about thirteen months since ,i discontinued your treatment1 and ,i have no return of the old symptoms1 ,i consider it unnecessary to continue treatment4 ,when ,i commenced taking your medicine ,i was suffering from nervous debility1 indigestion1 dyspepsia1 etc4 ,after using your medicine one month ,i am perfectly healthy1 and cheerfully recommend your ,institution to suffering humanity4 ,yours truly1 ,r4,m4 ,,bascom1 ,sunfield1 ,eaton ,county1 ,mich4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4 ,zerbe1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is now about five years since ,i received a two months' treatment for my case and ,i have had no return of the symptoms1 ,i consider it unnecessary to take more medicines because ,i am gaining strength every day4 ,i am healthier than ,i have been in fifteen years1 and ,i thank you for the kind favor you have done me in my case1 and ,i wish that all sufferers would send to you for treatment4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,franklin ,,zerbe1 ,de ,turksville1 ,schuylkill ,co41 ,penna4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,constipation4 ,blackstone1 ,nottoway ,co41 ,va4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets made a perfect cure of me4 ,i increased in weight from #abj pounds to #aej pounds and my strength increased in proportion4 ,it improved me so rapidly that my friends inquired what produced such a change in my general appearance and health4 ,some accused me of dissipation4 ,when ,i told them it was your medicine1 the drug stores found a ready market for it1 and continue to sell it with increased sales4 ,yours truly1 ,r4,e4 ,jones ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,o4,a4 ,conklin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was a great sufferer from nervous and general debility4 ,i applied to you by letter for advice and received from you medical treatment for three months1 which completely restored me to health2 the course of treatment did not interfere with my usual vocation and was not difficult to follow4 ,i am a well man to-day and take pleasure in advising all the afflicted to consult you at once1 and feel sure they will1 like myself1 be well pleased with your treatment4 ,yours truly1 ,o4,a4 ,,conklin1 ,ravenna1 ,muskegon ,co41 ,mich4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,culver1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,after taking the two months' treatment which you sent me by mail for that broken-down condition1 usually styled ,nervous ,debility1 attended by the usual symptoms such as headache1 sleeplessness1 confusion of ideas1 etc41 the above symptoms have so entirely disappeared that ,i do not consider it necessary to continue the treatment longer4 ,i would say further that ,i am satisfied that you understand your business1 and would advise anybody suffering from any chronic disease to avail themselves of your skill in preference to resorting to any other source known to me4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,herman ,,culver1 ,port ,angeles1 ,clallam ,co41 ,wash4 ,,general ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,h4 ,coon1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am very thankful for what you have done for me4 ,the treatment which you furnished me a year ago gave me great relief4 ,i had been suffering for many months with general and nervous debility1 with headache1 languor1 sleeplessness1 indigestion1 constipation1 etc41 which were increasing upon me4 ,one month's treatment gave me perfect relief1 and ,i am now like a new person4 ,i can heartily recommend all young men to consult your staff when in need of medical advice4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,coon1 ,medina1 ,n4,y4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,big ,piney1 ,pulaski ,co41 ,mo4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i was treated by you eleven years ago for nervous debility and chronic catarrh of eight years' standing and of a very aggravated nature4 ,i was considered near my grave by many of my friends when ,i commenced treatment4 ,i used eight months' special treatment1 after which ,i used some #ac or #ae bottles of your ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 and have had excellent health ever since4 ,yours truely ,b4,p4 ,dake4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4 ,rankin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for about five years ,i was troubled with ,nervous ,debility4 ,i was weak and nervous1 and my appetite poor4 ,i saw your advertisement in a newspaper and concluded to write to you4 ,i took your medicine for nine months1 and at the end of that time1 ,i had gained thirteen pounds1 was much stronger1 my nervousness had left me and ,i felt well and strong4 ,i am sincerely thankful for the great help ,i received from you4 ,yours very truly1 ,,george ,,rankin1 ,new ,castle1 ,lawrence ,co41 ,pa4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,richville1 ,st4 ,lawrence ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,after two years of perfect health ,i write to you thanking you for your treatment4 ,i had suffered several years from ,nervous ,debility1 and had tried various remedies1 and been treated by different physicians1 but received no benefit from them4 ,i ventured to write to you1 and after taking a month's treatment and following your ,hygienic rules1 ,i am now fully recovered and never felt better in my life4 ,may ,god spare you for many more years1 for the sake of suffering humanity4 ,yours respectfully1 ,evan ,p4 ,jones4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,edw'd ,uelbrick1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in #ahhg1 ,i had occasion to visit your ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for a course of treatment4 ,i am happy to state that my case was cured to my entire satisfaction1 and that ,i always think with gratitude of the kind treatment received from the hands of doctors and nurses4 ,while there ,i became acquainted with many undergoing treatment for various chronic and surgical diseases1 and all were unanimous in their praise of the ,institution4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,edward ,,uelbrick1 ,white ,oaks1 ,n4,m4 ,,nervous ,,prostration2 ,,rheumatism2 ,,constipation4 ,colebrook1 ,litchneld ,co41 ,ct4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i desire to express my heartfelt thanks for the great benefit you have done me4 ,about ten years ago ,i contracted rheumatism1 from which ,i suffered dreadfully at times4 ,was also troubled with chronic constipation2 had been from boyhood4 ,had doctored more or less for years without any great benefit until ,i consulted you and commenced taking your ,special ,remedies4 ,after taking three courses of your medicines ,i was so far improved in health and strength that ,i considered it unnecessary to continue it longer4 ,wishing you much success in your great work4 ,yours truly1 ,w4,h4 ,,loveland ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,l4 ,rakes1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,so much of my good health is due to the excellent treatment ,i received from the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 that ,i take the greatest pleasure in recommending all the afflicted to this famous ,institution4 ,i was run down and a great sufferer from nervous debility4 ,the remedies put up by the specialist of this ,institute so suited my case1 and so improved my health1 that ,i soon felt like a new man4 ,my gratitude is so heartfelt that ,i cannot speak to my friends and to all the afflicted in too high praise of the skill of the physicians of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association and of the great benefit to be derived from their treatment4 ,yours1 truly1 ,,levi ,,rakes1 ,plattemouth1 ,cans ,co41 ,neb4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,j4 ,carder1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was suffering with a very severe nervous debility and general weakness1 and after using your splendid treatment for four months1 ,i find myself perfectly cured4 ,respectfully yours1 ,t4,j4 ,,carder1 ,pacific ,grove1 ,monterey ,co41 ,cal4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,severe ,palpitation of the ,heart4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,moore4 ,gentlemen--,i am feeling quite well4 ,i have taken ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pellets1 and ,i can truly say they have done me more good than anything ,i have ever taken4 ,i keep the ,pellets in the house all the time4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,laura ,e4 ,,moore1 ,wolfborough1 ,carroll ,county1 ,n4,h4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4 ,posson4 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,my health had been gradually failing for years4 ,i could not sleep nights and was very nervous1 and ,i was depressed in spirits and was entirely unfit for business4 ,the principal cause was over-work4 ,through the influence of friends ,i began your treatment and continued it three months1 and at the end of that time ,i felt so much better that ,i did not continue it longer4 ,and ,i can cheerfully recommend your mode of treatment to every sufferer4 ,sincerely yours1 ,,george ,,posson1 ,middleburgh1 ,schobarie ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y13 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hoffman4 ,gentlemen--,i have enjoyed good health since ,i took your treatment ,i suffered intense agony for five months1 and after taking one month's medicine ,i found very much relief--so much ,i was surprised4 ,many thanks for the good your medicines have done me1 and my prayers are that ,god may help you in your good work1 and that you may live long and prosper4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,,hoffman1 ,box #ahc1 ,clarksville1 ,butler ,co41 ,iowa4 ,a ,,nervous ,,wreck4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,exhaustion1 ,,threatened ,,insanity4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4 ,moffat1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,about six years ago1 ,i had tried all the doctors in my part of the country with no satisfactory benefit4 ,they did not understand my case4 ,i was a nervous wreck--unable to sleep--could not eat1 and underwent the usual horrors that one endures where there is loss of control of the nerves4 ,a few months more would have made me insane4 ,my cure has remained permanent4 ,the relief was something that ,i cannot describe4 ,it has enabled me to pursue my work steadily ever since1 and ,i am more than happy to testify to the excellent skill and honorable dealings of your faculty and the fine appointments of your ,institution4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,fayette ,,moffatt1 ,hendrum1 ,norman ,co41 ,minn4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,kidney ,,disease1 ,,night-,,emissions1 ,,severe ,,headaches1 ,,indigestion1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,could ,,not ,,sleep ,,nor ,,rest4 ,,found ,,relief ,,after ,,five ,,or ,,more ,,years ,,of ,,agony4 ,elstonville1 ,lancaster ,co41 ,pa4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am not able to express my thanks to you for the benefit of your special treatment4 ,i had no hope of ever being restored to health again1 having tried several home physicians1 and having found no relief4 ,i had little faith of ever being relieved of the dizzy spells and black spots before my eyes4 ,some of my friends told me it was nothing but a fake and a humbug4 ,thank ,god ,i did not listen to them4 ,the first month's special treatment gave me such relief that ,i continued five months1 and to-day can do heavy work without that troublesome pain in my back1 and can stoop down without dizziness in my head4 ,i would advise any one that is afflicted with any of these diseases to at once consult the practical and skillful physicians at the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,i cannot think of words that will half express my gratitude4 ,thanks to ,god that he has granted you such skill4 ,i am4 ,yours truly1 ,john ,m4 ,ellinger4 ,,general ,,debility ,,of ,,fifteen ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,lt'd3 ,illustration3 ,g4,w4 ,whitrod1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,after being a sufferer from debility and general weakness for fifteen years1 ,i found a radical cure in the treatment ,i received from you at my own home4 ,the first supply of medicine seemed to start me on the road1 and the wheel was kept turning till ,i reached the happy condition of health4 ,i hope this will meet the eyes of some of my old comrades1 who have been to the eastern countries1 and there lost their health1 as ,i did1 and as many others do4 ,gentlemen1 ,i wish again to thank you most kindly for your good treatment and thoughtful attention4 ,i will enclose my photograph4 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,g4,w4 ,,whitrod1 ,rockland1 ,st4 ,andrews1 ,attleboro1 ,norfolk1 ,eng4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,worlds ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4,m4 ,gates1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,about a year ago ,i found myself a victim of ,nervous ,debility4 ,for some time ,i hardly knew what course to pursue1 nearly every paper ,i might pick up contained some advertisement that would cure me4 ,but believing in the old adage1 never expect to get something for nothing1 ,i decided to write to an ,association that ,i knew was reliable4 ,acting accordingly1 ,i took a course of four months' treatment1 which ,i am pleased to state has given me in return a perfect cure4 ,thanks to the medical skill of your ,faculty4 ,yours truly1 ,c4,m4 ,,gates1 ,girard1 ,macoupin ,co41 ,ill4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,crowl1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,after taking your second months' treatment ,i feel as though ,i am entirely cured4 ,the trouble with my back is entirely removed2 have gained in strength right along and have been working hard for the last two months4 ,i cannot fully express my appreciation of your kindness and beneficial treatment4 ,yours truly1 ,a4 ,,crowl1 ,oneida ,mills1 ,carroll ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,m4 ,hutchison1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,your letter inquiring about my health1 came duly to hand a few days ago4 ,in answer permit me to say that the three months' course of treatment effected a cure4 ,now my general health is good1 body strengthened1 mind clear1 memory revived1 and energy to work restored2 cheerfulness and bright hopes1 once lost1 are now fully regained4 ,my case was a complicated one of ,liver disease and general effects of bad habits and usage1 yet ,i was not too far gone to be restored by your wonderful treatment4 ,my prayer is that you will ever prove a blessing to mankind4 ,yours respectfully1 ,t4,m4 ,,hutchison1 ,forest ,hill1 ,summers ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,piles1 ,,catarrh1 ,,heart ,,symptoms4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,talbott1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,the effect of your remedies is little short of a miracle4 ,my general make-up and appearance are astonishing2 my cheeks rosy1 eyes bright1 circles nearly all gone from under eyes2 am fleshier1 stronger1 more active1 and an entirely different man4 ,no piles1 catarrh1 heart trouble2 no chills and fever2 no despondency1 no anything4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,,talbott1 ,pennsylvania ,agricultural ,works1 ,york1 ,york ,co41 ,pens4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,resulting ,,from ,,injury ,,to ,,spine4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,geo4 ,w4 ,benham1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in saying that the ,invalids' ,hotel is the best institution in the world for the cure and treatment of all kinds of chronic diseases4 ,i was afflicted for a long time before ,i went to your ,institution for treatment1 and ,i tried many doctors1 but without avail4 ,after being in your ,institution two months1 ,i was restored to health1 and ,i am a well man to-day1 and take pleasure in giving you many thanks4 ,my difficulty was the result of injury received early in life1 and it has been permanently and perfectly cured4 ,with many good wishes and highest recommendations4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,george ,w4 ,,benham1 ,p4,o4 ,box #bbg1 ,seymour1 ,conn4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,and ,,other ,,complications4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,h4 ,poff1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am now through with your last month's treatment4 ,i have taken in all three months' treatment4 ,when ,i first wrote to you ,i thought ,i was gone beyond the reach of recovery1 but1 thanks to ,god1 ,i am to-day a sound man1 heartier than ,i have been for years1 and your ,institution deserves the credit of it4 ,i will forever remember you1 and want you to publish this testimonial for the benefit of others1 as there are thousands in the same fix that ,i was in4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,h4 ,,poff1 ,raleigh1 ,raleigh ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,everson1 ,whatcom ,co41 ,wash4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,as regards your medicines ,i can truthfully say that ,i consider them good4 ,three years ago1 ,i was much run-down with indigestion and nervous prostration4 ,i purchased about four bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription1 and after taking them along with the ,pellets1 ,i felt much improved4 ,indeed1 my friends told me ,i looked like another woman4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,rob't ,burns ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,slattery1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am pleased to send you a testimonial regarding the perfect and permanent cure which you have effected in my case4 ,i suffered from ,nervous ,debility4 ,the symptoms were prostration1 sleeplessness1 exhaustion1 over-fatigue from mental trouble1 overstudy and anxiety1 indigestion1 dyspepsia1 constipation1 headache1 inability to concentrate the mind1 general lassitude1 melancholia1 backache and pains from the top of my head to the sole of my feet4 ,you treated me about twelve months and effected a perfect cure4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,william ,,slattery1 ,garden ,city1 ,finney ,co41 ,kan4 ,,hernia--,,left ,,inguinal--,,present ,,eight ,,years ,,with ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,j4 ,kidder1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take greatest pleasure in making public the most wonderful cure ,i received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute of ,buffalo4 ,i had suffered severely for eight years with a left inguinal hernia2 had tried many physicians and medicines1 but found only temporary relief4 ,i was greatly run-down1 and my nervous system considerably shattered4 ,my friends persuaded me to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,while there ,i was operated on by their specialist1 and in a few weeks began to gain strength and energy so that ,i could return home1 and have since felt entirely well4 ,words could not do justice to my feeling in regard to this institution4 ,there is no place like it for medical aid1 and ,i would urge all invalids to go there1 feeling confident that they could no where receive more skillful treatment or more kind attention and care4 ,respectfully1 ,a4,j4 ,,kidder1 ,north ,yam ,hill1 ,yamhill ,co41 ,oreg4 ,,thick ,,neck 7,,goitre71 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,weakness ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,houghton4 ,miss ,,ella ,a4 ,,houghton1 of ,theresa1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,n4,y41 was cured of ,thick ,neck1 ,nervous ,prostration1 ,weakness and a complication of ailments by ,dr4 ,pierce's ',discovery and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,she says3 ,my health is now as good as it was before ,i was sick4 ,the swelling 7goitre7 has all gone from my neck4 ,i don't have any bad feelings4 ,my gratitude for the benefit ,i have received from your treatment has induced me to recommend you to all whom ,i know to be sick4 ,i have known of two or three middle aged ladies residing near here1 who have been cured by your ',favorite ,prescription4' ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,lt'd1 #c1 ,new ,oxford ,street1 ,london1 ,w4,c43 ,illustration3 ,g4 ,dancy1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,it is now over two years since ,i first began to feel something the matter with me4 ,i gradually got worse1 with a nervous and despondent feeling4 ,i went to a doctor1 who said ,i was suffering from debility and ordered me away4 ,i got a little better and returned to work1 but only to get worse again4 ,i then had very restless nights with terrible dreams1 and would wake up all in a perspiration4 ,i often wished ,i was dead4 ,at last1 ,i had to give up work again1 and thought that ,i should never return to it4 ,i was then under several doctors1 but they did me no good4 ,i then came across a little book from your ,association1 and seeing cases like mine cured1 ,i determined to come to ,london and see you4 ,i was then under your treatment for three months at my home1 taking your medicines and adhering to your rules4 ,i felt a change the first week1 and after three months' treatment ,i was restored to health4 ,it is now four months since ,i took any of your medicine1 and have not had any symptoms return4 ,i am now at work again1 and enjoying life the same as anyone else4 ,i thank you very much for your kind attention4 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,g4 ,,dancy1 #be1 ,merton ,road1 ,stanford ,road1 ,kensington1 ,w4 ,london4 ,,life ,,miserable ,,at ,,times4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,w4 ,durham1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for several years ,i was a sufferer from some constitutional disease1 or combination of diseases1 which rendered life miserable at times4 ,dyspepsia1 headache1 dizziness1 irritability and gloomy forebodings were among the symptoms ,i suffered4 ,by chance1 one of the pamphlets you publish fell into my hands1 and ,i was induced to write you1 describing my condition as best ,i could1 and consequently ,i was treated by your ,specialists4 ,when ,i had been treated for two months ,i felt so well and the symptoms were so far gone that ,i felt ,i was cured and quit taking medicine4 ,as this was more than two years ago time has proved that ,i was correct1 for ,i am a healthy1 robust man to-day--thanks to you and to your associates in the noble ,institution which you have established for suffering humanity4 ,yours respectfully1 ,j4,w4 ,,durham1 ,parkland1 ,jefferson ,county1 ,ky4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,morrison4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i add my testimony to your list1 hoping it may contribute to your success and induce others to avail themselves of the benefit of your invaluable medicines4 ,in ,june1 #ahij1 ,i took typhoid fever of malignant type2 for two months ,i hovered between life and death2 at length the fever left me in a prostrated condition4 ,then ,i was taken with a severe pain in my back and general nervous prostration2 could not move myself in bed nor bear to be moved by the most careful nurses without experiencing excruciating pain4 ,i had the best medical attention in the community1 but they failed to give relief4 ,my friends wrote to ,dr4 ,pierce1 stating my condition and requesting treatment for me4 ,he treated me for two months2 by that time ,i had so much improved that ,i did not think it worth while to continue the treatment longer1 and my health has been such that ,i have not had occasion to lie in bed two days together since4 ,i feel under lasting obligations to ,dr4 ,pierce1 and thank ,god for blessing the world with so able a physician4 ,very respectfully1 ,,miss ,,magnolia ,,morrison1 ,abernethy1 ,iredell ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,nervousness1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,indigestion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #fhc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,r4,a4 ,baldwin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for a long time ,i was suffering from indigestion1 catarrh and nervousness4 ,i was so run down that ,i could not go to school1 and1 as the various remedies ,i tried did me no good1 ,i applied to you1 and was advised to try a course of special treatment4 ,after taking only two months' medicines from your noble institution1 ,i feel perfectly restored to health4 ,i have1 moreover1 recovered my lost flesh1 and ,i am pleased to say need no further medicines4 ,yours truly1 ,e4,a4 ,,baldwin1 ,proctorsville1 ,windsor ,co41 ,vermont4 ,,loss ,,of ,,flesh ,,and ,,strength4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,holmstedt1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was run down entirely1 losing my flesh and getting weak and nervous1 and had hard work to draw a long breath2 could hardly breathe at all1 and came nearly dying once or twice4 ,had tried many kinds of patent medicines--many doctors1 all in vain4 ,one day ,i saw an advertisement in a newspaper1 about ,if you are run down and losing flesh1 use ',golden ,medical ,discovery4' ,i1 like a drowning man1 would grab at anything on sight4 ,so ,i went to my druggist and asked him for ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and he had it and ,i bought one bottle and followed the directions and it did me good at first start2 so ,i bought two bottles every month until ,i had used about six bottles1 then ,i had my strength back and could draw my breath and felt like a new man4 ,yours truly1 ,,charles ,,holmstedt1 ,newtonville1 ,baraga ,county1 ,mich4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,a ,,prominent ,,nurse ,,and ,,student ,,in ,,diseases ,,of ,,females4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,sarah ,barnhardt4 ,gentlemen--,one could scarcely discharge a more pleasant duty to a suffering fellow being than to direct them to a place of relief4 ,hence1 ,i desire to state that a short time ago1 life was almost a burden to mo until ,i began taking treatment for nervous exhaustion from ,dr4 ,pierce of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and can conscientiously say at the end of six weeks1 ,i feel like another being4 ,i have also consulted ,dr4 ,pierce on numerous occasions during the past eight years1 and at no time whatever have ,i known his remedies to fail1 more especially1 his ,favorite ,prescription1 7which ,i have used in my practice71 and the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 when taken according to directions4 ,these remedies will in no event disappoint4 ,i am now ,in the enjoyment of perfect health--a blessing which ,i attribute to the kind ,providence which directed me to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,yours gratefully1 ,,sarah ,,barnhardt1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,e4 ,dixon1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is over a year now since ,i applied to you for help and it is more than six months since ,i reported myself as well4 ,i have worked very hard since then1 and still have continued well all the time4 ,when ,i called upon you for treatment ,i was in a terrible condition4 ,i was subject to severe headaches2 was troubled with a tired1 an almost lifeless feeling1 and although ,i slept1 ,i could not get rest4 ,i was nervous and fretful1 and could not do as much work as ,i wanted to do4 ,to tell it all in a few words ,i was all run down4 ,i had never wholly recovered from the grip1 which left me in a very poor condition2 and that1 together with over-work and insufficient physical exercise1 had put me in such a condition that ,i was almost unfit to teach my school4 ,after five months' treatment 7one month intervening in which ,i received none7 ,i considered myself well1 and ,i think that ,i was right4 ,i feel very grateful to you for your treatment of me1 and shall ever be willing to speak a good word for you4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,william ,e4 ,,dixon1 ,harwich ,port1 ,barnstable ,county1 ,mass4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,geo4 ,s4 ,wilson1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,after being troubled with my head for two years and taking treatment with ten different doctors and getting no help1 ,i started for your city1 but allowed myself to be talked out of seeing you by a man on the train2 stopped off at ,lancaster and saw ,dr4 ----1 took one month's treatment with no benefit--grew worse4 ,after that1 started once more1 did not tell where ,i was going4 ,i was a complete wreck--had to be helped on board of the cars4 ,you looked me over carefully--you seemed to know just what the trouble was4 ,gave me medicine for a month's treatment4 ,i came back homo and took the medicine4 ,well1 ,i was surprised the first week and have been ever since--gained right along4 ,have been well ever since and all for one month's treatment1 for which ,i thank you very much4 ,respectfully1 ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,wilson1 ,perry1 ,wyoming ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,cayuga1 ,vermilion ,co41 ,ind4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it is now about eighteen months since ,i discontinued the use of your medicines4 ,i can truly say ,i feel like a new man4 ,i have none of that wakefulness at night1 or the tired feeling when ,i get up of a morning4 ,now1 ,i can work hard all day1 go to bed at night tired1 wake up the next morning rested and refreshed1 though ,i took but two months' treatment2 its value to me ,i am not able to estimate2 before and during treatment ,i weighed about #afj pounds1 and now ,i weigh #ahe pounds4 ,with many thanks and good wishes1 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,geo4 ,f4 ,howard ,,severe ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,out ,,of ,,darkness ,,into ,,light4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,austin4 ,gentlemen--,about eighteen years ago1 after the birth of one of my children ,i was left in a weak1 run-down condition2 it seemed to me that my nerves were unstrung very bad3 ,i did not suffer much pain1 but ,i think ,i suffered everything any one could suffer with nervousness2 my life was a misery to me4 ,i doctored with seven different doctors and got no relief2 then ,i took almost all kinds of patent medicines and got no relief from them1 but got worse all the time1 when ,i chanced to get one of your little pamphlets4 ,i thought ,i would write to you1 and waited as ,i thought to hear that there was no help for me2 when my answer came and you said you could cure me great was my joy4 ,i had taken your medicine about a month when ,i began to improve and in a few months was entirely cured4 ,my recovery was like coming out of the dark into the light1 so great was the change4 ,i will advise all sufferers to go to you for relief--,i don't think they will be disappointed4 ,when ,i commenced taking your medicine ,i weighed #id pounds1 now ,i weigh #abe pounds4 ,i do not know how to thank you for all the good your remedies did me1 ,with heart-felt thanks ,i am4 ,sincerely yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,amanda ,c4 ,,austin1 ,burden1 ,cowley ,co41 ,kansas4 ,p4,s4--,i have a lady friend who is taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription now1 and last summer every one thought she was going with consumption2 four of her father's family had died with it in five years3 she has taken one bottle of ,favorite ,prescription1 and now she is better in health than she has been in three years4 ,her address is ,mrs4 ,laura ,paugh1 ,burden1 ,cowley ,co41 ,kas4 ,a4,c4,a4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,gaul1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for the last five years ,i have tried many leading doctors in this country but without avail4 ,i gave up every hope4 ,your advertisement fell into my hands2 at the time ,i did not know what to do because all my money had gone for medicine1 but money was no object to me4 ,i could not rest till ,i was cured4 ,your treatment1 which ,i received1 cured me in a short time1 and ,i am just as good as ever4 ,i come before the public to advise anyone in need of treatment to give you the first chance1 and he will find relief for ,i believe that nowhere can one obtain more skillful care or more kindly attention4 ,hoping that success will crown your business1 ,i am1 ,very truly yours1 ,,charles ,,gaul1 ,muskegon1 ,muskegon ,co41 ,mich1 care of ,warwick ,house4 ,,nervous ,,prostration1 ,,sleeplessness1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,and ,,rheumatism4 ,illustration3 ,t4 ,,townsend1 ,,esq4 ,mr4 ,j4,t4 ,,townsend1 of ,noah1 ,coffee ,county1 ,tenn41 consulted us by letter4 ,he was suffering from great nervous prostration2 could not walk without tottering3 was troubled greatly with inability to sleep2 poor appetite2 did not relish food2 suffered much pain and stiffness in the joints2 was overcome with heat working on a thresher1 followed by persistent nausea1 confusion of ideas1 his memory being very defective4 ,after taking a single course of treatment1 the medicines being sent by express1 he writes as follows3 ,the medicine you sent me lasted me five weeks1 and proved very beneficial indeed4 ,i believe it1 under ,god1 was the means of saving me from a premature grave4 ,when ,i received the medicine1 ,i had just gotten rid of an attack of bilious fever1 which left me in a deplorable condition4 ,i was very week and nervous1 but my improvement commenced with the first dose of your medicine1 so by the time my medicine was out felt better than ,i had for years1 and now have no indication of a return of my trouble4 ,a month later he writes3 ,i continue to enjoy the most perfect health4 ,every organ of my body1 and every faculty of my mind1 is in splendid condition1 which makes life worth living4 ,i have gained twenty-one pounds since ,i have been able to attend to business4 ,please accept my profound thanks for your promptness in sending me my medicines4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,w4 ,colquitt1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it gives me pleasure to testify to your skill in the treatment of my case4 ,when ,i applied to you last ,june1 ,i was suffering all the horrors of nervous prostration1 which was brought on by over-work and constant anxiety4 ,i had no energy and no interest in business2 rather an aversion to anything like work4 ,my appetite was poor1 indeed food seemed to distress rather than nourish4 ,i felt tired and drowsy mornings2 irritable and despondent2 suspicious of every body and everything4 ,after two months' treatment these unpleasant symptoms disappeared1 and my health is better than it has been for twenty years4 ,i can never express to you my gratitude for your kindness1 and would cheerfully recommend your ,institution to all sufferers4 ,yours truly1 ,,george ,w4 ,,colquitt1 ,palmetto1 ,campbell ,co41 ,ga4 ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,uterine ,,disease ,,and ,,nervous ,,prostration1 ,,cured ,,by ,,home ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,glass4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i write to let you know the great benefit ,i have received from your medicines and self-treatment at home1 which you kindly sent me1 advising me to take your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,pleasant ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery for my troubles4 ,i did take your advice as near as ,i could2 when ,i wrote my first letter to you1 ,i had been treated by different doctors for twelve months and received but very little or no benefit1 but had spent one hundred dollars for treatment and medicines4 ,my husband1 and little boy twelve years old1 did all the family sewing and washing and work in general1 and ,i could not walk across the room without help or stand on my feet one minute at a time2 at night ,i could not sleep1 nor day time either2 nothing ,i ate tasted well--,i had no desire to eat anything2 my bowels were costive all the time1 and after following your advice and using about fourteen dollars worth of your medicines altogether1 ,i now feel like a new person4 ,i am not bothered with that nervousness1 where it used to be that ,i could not stand a sudden rush of horses feet1 or a quick halloo from one's boys1 or a sudden sound of anything would cause me to take sudden nervous spells of some kind1 as if ,i were smothering or dying1 or something of the kind--,i can't tell just how ,i did feel4 ,now ,i do all my washing1 sewing and house work in general for a family of seven--five children1 my husband and self1 and help my husband in the field some besides4 ,i can truthfully say1 ii it had not been for ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines and the kind advice to me1 with self-treatment at home1 ,i would have been dead long ago1 and ,i never can feel that ,i can say enough for his skill and medicine nor thank him enough for the good he has done me4 ,i use no other medicines in my family but these and never will1 for they do all that is claimed for them and more too4 ,i have one of the ,advisers1 and ,i would not be without it for fifty times its cost4 ,may ,god be with you throughout your life is my prayer4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,addie ,,glass1 ,bandera1 ,bandera ,co41 ,texas4 ,,nervous ,,prostration ,,following ,,grip4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,s4 ,nicholson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in ,january of '#ij ,i took the grippe1 went to work before ,i was well1 was caught in a rain which gave me a very bad relapse1 resulting in lung fever and complete prostration2 was on my bed two months1 and when ,i did get out1 the strength to walk any more than just a few rods did not come back4 ,my family doctor and two prominent physicians of ,sioux ,city1 did me no good4 ,late in the fall ,i got a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 which quieted my trembling nerves and gave me an appetite to eat4 ,i then concluded to try the ,doctor1 personally4 ,up to this time ,i was in a pitiable condition4 ,sometimes ,i could not sleep until ,i felt almost wild1 then sleep so much ,i would be stupefied4 ,i could not digest any food and my whole system was wasting and failing fast4 ,i doubt if any one who saw me expected me to get well4 ,i took the treatment sent me by the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association for more than a year4 ,the medicine never gave me any distress as other medicines had done before4 ,i began to improve from the start1 but the change from one extreme to the other was like the growth of a child4 ,to any one suffering from nervous prostration ,i would say1 don't be impatient4 ,it takes a long time for weakened nerves to grow strong4 ,i have at last become strong and well1 thanks to the ,giver of all good and the grand ,institution at ,buffalo4 ,i have since married a noble-hearted young woman1 and when ,i am playing with our sweet1 healthy1 baby girl1 ,i give way to the thought that at last the long1 sad chapter of my life is ended2 at such times her merry laugh sounds like a song of triumph of life over death4 ,gratefully yours1 ,w4,s4 ,,nicholson1 ,willow ,creek1 ,clay ,co41 ,iowa4 ,,nervous ,,prostration ,,complicated ,,with ,,kidney ,,and ,,bladder ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4 ,manheim1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been a patient in your ,invalids' ,hotel for several weeks1 ,i take great pleasure in telling other sufferers of my treatment which ,i received under your efficient staff of physicians1 surgeons and nurses1 and ,i will say with clear conscience that every care and comfort was given me that ,i wished for4 ,i am sure that your ,institution is far in advance of the age1 and would wish that every invalid could avail himself of the treatment that ,i received in your most1 excellently kept ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,i cheerfully give this as my testimonial to individuals1 friends and sufferers4 ,my health is so fully restored that ,i look upon life with pleasure and comfort1 whereas before ,i was a suffering nervous invalid1 unable to sleep and much of the time in torment4 ,wishing you success ,i am your friend and well wisher1 ,m4 ,,manheim1 ,georgetown1 ,s4,c4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,d4 ,christie1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with nervous exhaustion2 my legs and back ached1 and ,i could not sleep hardly any1 and could not rest at night for about three months1 and1 reading in one of your ,memorandum ,books a case that suited mine and having taken medicines without any good results1 ,i concluded to try your medicines4 ,i explained my case carefully and got one month's medicines1 of which ,i did not take all as ,i thought ,i did not need it1 as ,i felt like another man--could sleep well and work without having that all-gone feeling4 ,yours respectfully1 ,a4,d4 ,,christie1 ,maple ,creek1 ,forest ,co41 ,penn4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,prostration4 ,,life ,,is ,,now ,,sweet4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,moyers4 ,gentlemen--,six years ago ,i had an attack of measles1 which left my health in a precarious condition4 ,i was placed under the treatment of a good physician who did all in his power to restore my health1 but all in vain4 ,i had dyspepsia and could not eat meat1 vegetables nor fruit of any kind4 ,i suffered alternately from cold and heat4 ,at times my feet and knees would feel like ice to the touch1 and at other times ,i would suffer the most excruciating torture1 seeming as though every nerve in my body was being seared with a hot iron4 ,my left hip and knee would become so affected that ,i could scarcely walk across the room4 ,i slept very little4 ,on one occasion ,i remained awake four days and four nights1 and then was put to sleep by repeated doses of morphine4 ,my nervous system became so shattered that words spoken by any person in my room fell like pebbles on my brain2 and nights ,i would often have to be raised in bed to prevent smothering to death4 ,it is impossible for me to describe my sufferings at that time but ,i know that if it had not been for ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription ,i would to-day have been in my grave4 ,i began the use of the ,favorite ,prescription in ,march--three years ago1 as well as ,i can remember4 ,continued till summer when ,i wrote to you--received your advice and a few simple prescriptions which ,i had filled at the drug store4 ,i also began the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,my nerves became quiet3 ,i slept well2 my stomach began to heal2 my strength returned and ,i began to feel like a new person4 ,and1 to-day1 while ,i am not as strong as the strongest1 ,i can do any kind of work that other women do1 and each season ,i can say ,i am stronger than ,i was the last4 ,i used thirty bottles of your medicines4 ,some may say that was a great deal1 but ,i will never regret the money and patience it took to cure me4 ,it has enabled me to once more enter school where ,i am trying to make up for those lost years of my life1 and as ,i join the girls in their romps1 ,i can say that life is now sweet4 ,any one desiring particulars may address me4 ,respectfully1 ,,miss ,,lucy ,,moyers1 ,kelso1 ,lincoln ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,h4 ,keesler1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was thought to be beyond all help and had but very little hope myself1 but at the urgent entreaty of my wife ,i let her write to you for me and began taking special treatment from you4 ,i could eat but very little and could keep nothing on my stomach1 and was vomiting up bile once or twice every day2 muscles all gone and too weak to get about4 ,but to-day ,i think ,i am a sound healthy man4 ,i owe it all to your treatment1 and a loving ,saviour who blessed the means in your hands to the healing of this body of mine4 ,and ,i gladly recommend the sick and suffering to try ,dr4 ,pierce1 and pray ,god to bless you and your work4 ,yours respectfully1 ,w4,h4 ,,keesler1 ,p4,o4 ,box #ahe1 ,harriman1 ,roane ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,nervous ,,exhaustion4 ,farina1 ,fayette ,co41 ,ill4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it gives me great pleasure to add my testimony to that of many others in behalf of the great success of your ,institution4 ,i had been breaking in general health for years and had got so that ,i could not properly attend to my business4 ,was very forgetful and easily irritated and excited1 and was unable to attend to my business a good part of my time4 ,i doctored with country and city ,m4,d4's41 and took patent medicine1 but without any permanent good4 ,i was induced to write to you1 which resulted in my taking about one and one-half months' treatment from you1 when ,i felt so much better that ,i discontinued the treatment4 ,for the last six months ,i have felt like my old natural self again1 and am able to attend strictly to business all the time for which ,i am very thankful4 ,yours truly1 ,c4,h4 ,west4 ,,kind ,,words4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,hurst1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having spent four weeks in your ,institution1 it gives me great pleasure to state that during that time ,i received the most courteous and faithful care and treatment1 and ,i bear willing testimony to the skill and ability of the surgeons and the faithful care of the nurses4 ,wishing you continued success1 ,i recommend all persons suffering from chronic diseases to give you a trial4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,john ,,hurst1 ,marquette1 ,bighorn ,co41 ,wyo4 ,,sick ,,headache1 ,,general ,,debility1 ,,malaria4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,lansing4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that your valuable medicine has been a great benefit to me4 ,i was suffering from general debility1 malaria and nervous sick headaches1 and after my third child was born 7a beautiful baby boy of ten pounds7 ,i only recovered after a long illness2 ,i barely gained strength enough in two years time so that ,i was able to crawl about to accomplish the little housework that ,i had1 by lying down to read many times each day2 had sick headaches very often2 and many pains and aches1 all the time complaining of getting no better4 ,i finally asked my husband to get a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which he promptly did4 ,after ,i had taken one bottle ,i could see a great change in my strength1 and fewer sick headaches4 ,i continued taking the medicine until ,i had taken eight bottles--seven of the ,favorite ,prescription and one of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,for some time past ,i have not used it1 but ,i am now able to do the housework for myself1 husband and two children 7aged nine and five years74 ,i also take in dressmaking1 and enjoy walking a mile at a time1 and ,i think it ,is all due to the medicine1 for ,i know ,i was only failing fast before ,i commenced to take it4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending the ,favorite ,prescription to all women who suffer from debility and sick headache4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,,lansing1 ,fort ,edward1 ,washington ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,headache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4 ,vargason1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have used your medicines for a number of years1 and know that they do for me all that is claimed for them4 ,i am employed mostly at my desk1 and not infrequently have an attack of the headache4 ,it usually comes on in the forenoon4 ,at my dinner ,i eat my regular meal1 and take one or two of ,doctor ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets immediately after1 and in the course of an hour my headache is cured and no bad effects4 ,i feel better every way for having taken them--not worse1 as is usual after taking other kinds of pills4 ,your ,pleasant ,pellets are worth more than their weight in gold1 if for nothing else than to cure headache4 ,very respectfully1 ,e4 ,,vargason1 ,otter ,lake1 ,lapeer ,co41 ,mich4 ,,headache ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,wolfe4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered from loss of appetite1 constipation1 neuralgia1 and great weakness1 and had terrible attacks of sick headache very frequently2 also nose bleed4 ,my health was so poor that ,i was not able to go to school for two years4 ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and in a short time ,i was strong and well4 ,many friends are taking your medicines seeing what they have done for me4 ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,bertha ,,wolfe1 ,markham1 ,cattaraugus ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,terrible ,,pain ,,in ,,head ,,and ,,fainting ,,spells4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,jacobs4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i commenced taking your medicine ,i was very sickly4 ,i had frequent spells of fainting1 terrible pain in my head1 and life was a burden to me4 ,i was attended by one of the best physicians in our town1 but with no good results4 ,at last a neighbor advised me to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did1 and after taking one bottle ,i felt greatly benefited4 ,i would advise all ladies similarly afflicted to try ,favorite ,prescription4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,samuel ,a4 ,,jacobs1 ,mechanicsburgh1 ,cumberland ,co41 ,penn4 ,,sick ,,headache1 ,,boils4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,ramich1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was troubled with boils for thirty years4 ,four years ago ,i was so afflicted with them that ,i could not walk4 ,i bought ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 and took one ,pellet after each meal4 ,the boils soon disappeared and have had none since4 ,i have also been troubled with sick headache4 ,when ,i feel the headache coming on1 ,i take one or two ,pellets1 and am relieved of it4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,william ,,ramich1 ,minden1 ,kearney ,co41 ,neb4 ,,sick ,,headache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,lt'd3 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,baker4 ,gentlemen--,having suffered several years with very bad bilious attacks and all kinds of headaches1 ,i tried different kinds of medicines but found nothing to cure me4 ,having read about ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 ,i commenced taking them4 ,before ,i had finished one phial ,i found benefit2 they have done me great good4 ,i have recommended them to all my friends and will continue to do so where ,i have the chance4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,james ,,baker1 ,furneaux1 ,pelham1 ,nr4 ,buntingford1 ,herts4 ,,obstinate ,,neuralgia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,habenicht1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,this is to certify that ,i had the neuralgia several years1 and was not able to perform labor nor attend to business4 ,i was induced to try your medicines1 which ,i took and they effected a permanent cure4 ,i am now well and hearty1 and able to do a good day's work1 and weigh one hundred and eighty pounds1--and thanks to you for it4 ,i used your medicines three months and was cured4 ,yours truly1 ,,august ,,habenicht1 ,fort ,pierce1 ,brevard ,co41 ,fla4 ,,paralysis ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #fjc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mann4 ,gentlemen--,i will say that your ,institute is all that you claim for it1 and more too4 ,the ,doctors are courteous gentlemen and the best ,physicians ,i have ever met with in my life4 ,my treatment while at the ,institute did me more good in one month than all the doctors everywhere else combined4 ,my ailment was ,paralysis and ,female ,weakness4 ,your treatment did me good while at the ,institute1 and ,i have also been greatly benefited by the home-treatment ,i have received from you since4 ,i am much better than ,i was2 ,i am able to do considerable work now4 ,when ,i came to you ,i could not do anything4 ,i herewith send you my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me1 and should ,i need more treatment ,i will write you as before4 ,i would advise all people who have chronic diseases to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for help1 for it is a grand place and prices are reasonable4 ,we use your ,family ,medicines--your ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery--and find they are all you claim for them4 ,again ,i thank you and remain1 your friend1 ,,mrs4 ,s4,b4 ,,mann1 ,sutton1 ,clay ,co41 ,neb4 ,,partial ,,paralysis ,,from ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,buffalo1 ,la ,rue ,county1 ,ky4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am still having very good health4 ,i value ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription very highly and often recommend them to others4 ,i do not think ,i would ever have got well if it had not been for your medicines4 ,i was in a sad condition4 ,my bowels and half of my body 7the left side71 was nearly paralyzed1 besides nearly my whole system was out of order4 ,i suffered all the time2 but after taking six bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the same of ,favorite ,prescription1 and using two bottles of ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy as an injection1 ,i felt like a new person4 ,i have never seen anyone suffering in the same way as ,i did4 ,if anyone with female trouble of any kind will use your medicines ,i am satisfied they will help them4 ,yours truly1 ,mary ,a4 ,sallee4 ,,locomotor ,,ataxia4 ,,special ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,ltd41 ,no4 #c ,new ,oxford ,street1 ,london1 ,w4,c43 ,illustration3 ,c4,f4,g4 ,castleman1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in the latter part of #ahij1 ,i was struck down with that terrible--and by many members of the medical profession pronounced to be1 incurable disease1 locomotor ataxia4 ,my family doctor declared that nothing could be done for me1 but for the sake of satisfaction advised me to go to ,london1 and see an expert1 whom he named4 ,i did so1 with the result of being told as above4 ,this was in ,november1 #ahij4 ,the symptoms were first numbness in hands and feet1 which soon extended as far as the thighs1 joined with the most intense feeling of cold that it can be possible to imagine4 ,for six months ,i felt as though ,i had stood in ice up to my thighs4 ,i soon became unable to walk or to stand1 and crawled up stairs on my hands and knees1 ,i thought for the last time1 as ,i then thought ,i should die4 ,stomach troubles then set in1 and for more than three months1 ,i endured the utmost agony4 ,night and day sweats absorbed my little remaining strength1 and ,i became helpless4 ,i had taken leave of my family1 not expecting to last the day out1 when ,i was seen by a young doctor1 who is fast becoming an eminent man1 who said he thought he could alleviate my sufferings--though he did not expect to cure me4 ,he commenced to treat me1 and in about one month ,i began to improve1 though very slowly4 ,this was in ,february1 #ahia1 and before the end of the year ,i was able to walk down stairs again4 ,it was in ,march1 #ahib1 that ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and on sending to you for a bottle in reply to your inquiry1 ,i began your special treatment1 with the happy result that ,i gradually improved in health and strength2 and on the #bfth of ,october1 #ahib1 ,i was able to call on you in ,london1 and you advised me to continue your treatment1 and use a battery as well1 which ,i did until ,april1 #ahic1 when ,i could walk about quite nicely1 and ,i now enjoy better health than for the past eight years4 ,i am thankful too1 that my eldest daughter has derived the greatest benefit from ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,she took it for painful menstruation1 and is now well and healthy4 ,i am ,yours very truly1 ,c4,f4 ,,goodwin ,,castleman1 ,bursledon1 ,southampton1 ,england4 ,,paralysis1 ,,nervous ,,prostration1 ,,etc4 ,from the records of the ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4,m4 ,brasher1 ,esq4 ,this gentlemen had a severe attack of grip in ,january1 #ahij4 ,his health gradually declined until ,june1 at which time he was taken very much worse4 ,had nervous shocks three or four times a day4 ,slight paralysis of lower limbs4 ,respiration and pulse slow and irregular4 ,bowels constipated and tongue coated4 ,indigestion4 ,ringing in the ears4 ,legs wasting4 ,dimness of vision4 ,lost flesh rapidly and reduced to skin ,i and bones4 ,chills and sweats2 dizzy4 ,had great distress in bowels4 ,pain about the heart4 ,had been confined to his bed #df days1 at the time the case was submitted to us4 ,we sent only one month's course of special medicines4 ,he writes us afterwards3 ,i am at regular farm work1 after my doctor here having told me that ,i must die and that ,dr4 ,pierce was a gigantic humbug4 ,yours truly1 ,f4,m4 ,,brasher1 ,homer1 ,logan ,co41 ,ky4 ,,epileptic ,,fits4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,no4 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,swinehart4 ,gentlemen--,my daughter1 ,sadie1 is eighteen years old2 has been afflicted with that dreaded disease1 ,epilepsy1 for fourteen years4 ,she received treatment from seven different doctors without any material benefit4 ,she has only had one spasm after commencing with your treatment1 now almost two years4 ,three boxes of epilepsy medicine1 followed up with your ,favorite ,prescription cured her4 ,she took about six months' treatment in all4 ,this places us under a world of obligation to you as the instrument of our great relief under a kind ,providence4 ,should there be any signs of it returning we would with unshaken faith send for more medicine4 ,you can use her or my signature as you wish4 ,yours truly1 ,,george ,,swinehart1 ,lake1 ,stark ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,epilepsy4 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,ltd41 ,no4 #c ,new ,oxford ,st41 ,london43 ,illustration3 ,g4,h4 ,plumbstead1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have great pleasure in announcing to you my heartfelt thanks for the benefit derived from your treatment1 having suffered from epileptic fits for six years4 ,i have experienced as many as five and seven fits a day1 some lasting two hours at a time4 ,i am glad to say since trying your medicine which is now five months1 ,i have not had one4 ,thanking you for your kindness4 ,gratefully yours1 ,,geo4 ,,herbert ,,plumstead1 #fg ,fishgate ,street1 ,st4 ,edmunds1 ,norwich1 ,england4 ,,spasms ,,or ,,fits4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,master ,johnnie ,maxwell ,gentlemen--,i desire to express my gratitude for the wonderful results of your treatment with my little son ,john4 ,he was very bad1 as we thought1 for the physician could do nothing for him any more1 and ,i got discouraged and went to my daughter1 ,mrs4 ,d4,t4 ,knappenberger1 of ,jeannette1 ,pa41 7who has been a terrible invalid and was cured at your ,institute71 for advice4 ',oh1 father1' she said1 'don't doctor here1 but go to ,dr4 ,pierce4 ,so the result was ,i gave her money and she sent for medicines4 ,you sent two bottles of medicine and he never has taken a drop since and is perfectly well and never had a spell since4 ,i do not know what you call the disease1 but we called it spasms or fits4 ,with my experience ,i can heartily recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel1 and think if a case can be cured at all1 you can cure it4 ,and unless they can cure or greatly benefit the patient1 they will not undertake it2 this is my experience with the ,world's ,dispensary4 ,my daughter1 ,mrs4 ,d4,t4 ,knappenberger1 and my son ,johnnie1 feel very grateful toward the ,dispensary for their cure4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,a4 ,,maxwell1 ,greensburgh1 ,westmorland ,co41 ,pa4 ,,epilepsy1 ,,fits4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,mc,carty4 ,gentlemen--,my little girl was delicate from birth1 nervous and irritable4 ,when three and one-half years old we discovered she had that terrible disease epilepsy1 inherited from her father's family2 she had spasms or fits once in two or three days1 and grew worse so rapidly that in four months she had from four to eight fits in twenty-four hours4 ,home physicians did no good1 and just then one of your little pamphlets came to me as they had come often before4 ,as my need was great ,i wrote a description of her case1 and though your answer did not seem very encouraging1 ,i did not dare to lose any chance of saving my child1 so ,i commenced the treatment4 ,on ,november #f1 #ahia1 she had seven fits2 ,november #gth gave her your medicines2 she had four fits that day1 and never one since4 ,she took your medicines less than four months4 ,she is nearly six years old1 a strong1 hearty1 bright child1 attending school every day4 ,what more can ,i say than that ,i thank ,dr4 ,pierce and the ,faculty of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association for having saved the life of my child1 and ,i thank ,god that he gave them the knowledge and skill to do so4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,,mccarty1 ,gouldsville1 ,washington ,co41 ,vt4 ,,st4 ,,vitus',s ,,dance4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,master ,ira ,d4 ,ponsler4 ,gentlemen--,my boy had been in bad health for a long time4 ,we called our home doctor1 but he got no better4 ,finally he had the ,st4 ,vitus's ,dance1 and our doctor did not know what to do4 ,so ,i wrote to you and did as you told me2 ,i got two bottles of your ,favorite ,prescription1 and one bottle and a half did the work all right4 ,at that time1 eighteen months ago1 his weight was #he pounds1 now it is #ace to #adj2 he is fourteen years old4 ,yours truly1 ,,jeremiah ,,ponsler1 ,zenas1 ,jennings ,county1 ,ind4 ,,epilepsy4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,thulin4 ,gentlemen--,my daughter1 ,josephine ,e4 ,thulin1 is now six and a half years old4 ,she had been afflicted with epilepsy for three and a half years1 and received treatment from three different doctors1 and from one especially1 for the space of two years steady1 without any benefit4 ,before taking your treatment she had as many as six or seven spells a day4 ,the child could not have stood it much longer4 ,after taking your treatment one month the spells stopped4 ,with four months' special treatment from you1 and two months' use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription she was entirely cured4 ,in one year and three months she has not had a drop of medicine1 and she is in the best of health and vigor4 ,i would say to any sufferer from obstinate or chronic disease1 and especially epilepsy1 that we have a living witness4 ,you can come and see for yourself that the doctors connected with the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association do understand how to prescribe4 ,you can use this as a testimonial from me1 of what you have done for us4 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,,thulin1 7for daughter17 ,kearney1 ,buffalo ,co41 ,nebr4 ,a ,,strong ,,endorsement4 ,illustration3 ,h4,e4 ,bankston1 ,esq4 ,to whom it may concern3 ,this is to certify that ,i took treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and ,i was cured of a chronic trouble that had been maltreated by other physicians4 ,while there ,i saw a man who had been cured by the specialists1 who had before been given up to die by the best doctors in ,troy1 ,n4,y4 ,of course1 the case must have been a very stubborn one4 ,i afterwards saw a man here1 in ,georgia1 die1 who1 if he had been in ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute under the treatment and care of his skilled doctors and nurses1 ,i know would have most assuredly got well4 ,why8 ,because it was only a case of stone in the bladder1 and they are easily cured at ,dr4 ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute4 ,i think almost any chronic disease can be cured there1 if taken in time1 judging from my observations while an inmate of that ,institution4 ,h4,e4 ,,bankston1 ,barnesville1 ,pike ,co41 ,ga4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,holes1 ,esq4 ,without solicitude or hope of pecuniary reward1 with heart-felt gratitude and a desire to aid my fellow-man to health and happiness1 allow me to state1 that as an inmate for more than a month of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,i feel warranted in its highest recommendation4 ,while there ,i saw and talked with a groat number of people who came there as a last resort1 to be cured of almost every chronic disease to which flesh is heir1 and they were unanimous in their praise of the ,institution and the skilled specialists who constitute its professional staff4 ,,andrew ,,holes1 ,moorhead1 ,minn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,outline ,,of ,,the ,,female ,,urinary ,,and ,,generative ,,organs4 ,the above cut is introduced here to assist in conveying a correct idea of the ,urinary and ,generative ,organs of ,woman1 their form and relative positions1 together with the bones1 muscles and other tissues forming the cavity of the pelvis in which the organs rest1 and by which they are protected4 ,by dividing that portion of the body directly through the middle from before backward1 we first cut through the cushion of fat 7mons veneris7 covering the pubic bone1 then in succession the bone1 bladder1 womb1 vagina1 rectum1 front half of spine1 spinal marrow1 rear half of spine1 and lastly the muscles and skin4 ,just underneath the bone in front is revealed that sensitive organ1 the clitoris1 a facsimile of the male organ in miniature1 the head of which protrudes1 while the body is covered with tissue1 but is readily traced with the finger4 ,further back is the urethra1 or water passage1 which is one and a half inches long4 ,next is the vagina4 ,when closed1 its mucous lining is folded in upon itself1 and requires dilating in order to be cleansed and to apply remedies4 ,on the vagina rests the hollow1 pear-shaped womb1 the small end of which protrudes into the vagina1 and in which is a small opening1 leading through the neck into the cavity of the organ4 ,on either side of the womb1 near its top1 are the ,fallopian tubes leading to the ovaries1 situated between the womb and hip bones4 ,at every menstruation these organs throw off a germ-cell1 which passes through the ,fallopian tubes into the uterine cavity4 ,,the ,,door ,,of ,,life4 ,illustration ,the fear of pain and the dangers of childbirth fill many a woman's breast with dismay4 ,in the olden days of leeches and witchcraft1 it was considered sacrilegious to lessen the pains of labor4 ,latterly1 ansthetics have been used at the time of parturition1 and now people are beginning to find out that pain and danger can be almost wholly avoided4 ,proper preparation during gestation will make both as rare as they used to be common4 ,there is no reason why childbirth should be fraught with danger and distress4 ,it is a perfectly natural function1 and should be performed in a natural way without undue suffering4 ,nature never intended that women should be tortured when doing the one thing which makes them wholly womanly4 ,the perversion of nature's laws has brought this suffering about1 and a return to right living will stop it4 ,nine out of ten women are troubled more or less by weakness and diseases peculiar to their sex4 ,it is so because they do not take proper care of themselves--because they neglect little ills and little precautions4 ,a woman in perfectly hearty health goes through her time of trial with comparative ease4 ,the thing to do then1 is to make all pregnant women healthy--to strengthen them generally and locally4 ,the medicine and tonic to do it with is ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,it is a powerful invigorant and nervine4 ,it soothes and strengthens the nerves and acts directly on the feminine organism in a way which fits it for the proper and regular performance of all its functions at ill times4 ,taken during gestation it robs childbirth of its dangers to both mother and child1 by preparing the system for delivery1 thereby shortening labor1 lessening pain and abbreviating the period of confinement4 ,the ,favorite ,prescription also promotes the secretion of an abundance of nourishment for the child1 if taken after confinement1 besides building up the mother's strength and making her recovery more perfect4 ,,abortion4 7,,miscarriage47 ,the term abortion is used to denote the premature expulsion of the foetus4 ,if the expulsion takes place within four months after impregnation1 it is termed abortion2 if between the fourth and seventh month1 miscarriage2 if after the seventh month1 but before the completion of the full period of gestation1 premature labor4 ,abortion may be due to those agents which act directly upon the uterus and cause the expulsion of the foetus2 to those which occasion the death of the foetus1 thereby effecting its ejection2 and it may be criminal1 that is1 produced intentionally by direct agencies intended for that purpose4 ,,symptoms4 ,the premonitory symptoms are pain in the loins and lower part of the back1 a dull pain in the abdomen and thighs1 nausea1 chills1 and palpitation4 ,the membranes and blood-vessels of the uterus become lacerated1 causing profuse hemorrhage4 ,the discharge of blood from the vagina is sometimes attended with excessive pain4 ,,the ,,causes which act directly upon the uterus to produce abortion may be violent exercise1 lifting1 accidents1 or injuries from blows or falls4 ,nervous susceptibilities1 a plethoric condition of the system1 anmia1 exhaustive discharges1 use of improper food1 uterine displacements1 congestion caused by excessive sexual excitement1 general debility or muscular irritability1 which is sometimes so great as to produce contractility of the uterus before the term of pregnancy is completed1 inflammation of the cervix1 ulcerations of the uterus1 or any previously existing disease may produce abortion4 ,when it has once taken place1 it is apt to recur at about the same time in subsequent pregnancies4 ,the death of the foetus may be occasioned by a diseased condition of the embryo1 amnion1 or placenta1 and also by convulsions or peritoneal inflammation4 ,,criminal ,,abortion is secretly practiced by women who desire to rid themselves of the evidence of immorality1 and by those in wedlock who wish to avoid the care and responsibility of rearing offspring4 ,statistics show that it is very prevalent1 undermining the health of women and corrupting the morals of society4 ,we cannot pass over this subject in silence4 ,those who frustrate the processes of nature by violating the laws of life incur just penalties4 ,all the functions of life and body are vitally concerned in reproduction4 ,any infraction of the ,divine law1 ,thou shalt not kill1 is inevitably followed by punishment4 ,the obligations to nature cannot be evaded without inevitable penal effects4 ,furthermore1 all such transgressors carry with them the consciousness of guilt and the feeling of secret woe4 ,o ,god6 that horrid1 horrid dream ,besets me now awake6 ,again1 again1 with dizzy brain4 ,the human life ,i take1 ,and my red right hand grows raging hot1 ,like ,cranmer's at the stake4--,,hood4 ,what shall we say concerning abortionists1 men and women who are willing to engage in the murder of innocents for pay8 ,true1 there may be circumstances in which it is not right to continue in the pregnant condition1 such as when the children of an unfortunate marriage are idiots1 or the pelvis of the woman is so deformed that she cannot bear a living child4 ,all such cases should be submitted to the family physician1 who ought to be made acquainted with all the circumstances and facts relating to the case1 when he can summon other physicians for counsel1 and their deliberations may determine the propriety or necessity of bringing on an abortion4 ,parties have written to us and others have made personal application under circumstances when it might have been right for their family physician to have induced abortion4 ,we wish to have it distinctly understood that we will not under any circumstances prescribe medicines or perform any operation to relieve women of pregnancy4 ,mechanical means are resorted to by abortionists1 and many women produce abortion upon themselves4 ,it always terminates in lasting injury and sometimes in speedy death4 ,certain medicines will sometimes produce abortion but they are very unsafe4 ,an opinion is very prevalent that if abortion be produced before the movements of the foetus are felt1 there is no crime committed4 ,it should be remembered that life begins with conception1 and1 at whatever period of pregnancy abortion is committed1 life is destroyed4 ,whoever disobeys the ,divine injunction cannot escape his own consciousness of the deed1 and the anguish and bitter remorse which ever after disturb the soul4 ,,treatment4 ,in threatened abortion1 there is pain in the back or lower part of the abdomen1 and later some flow of blood4 ,the first object is to obtain perfect rest and quiet1 and assume the recumbent position4 ,by lying down1 the blood will be more easily diverted to the surface of the body4 ,gallic acid1 in doses of five grains every two or three hours1 is often a valuable agent to arrest the hemorrhage1 but opium in some form should be relied upon principally4 ,a ,dover's powder1 ten grains1 may be administered1 to assist in determining the blood to the surface and extremities of the body and to allay irritation4 ,the room should be cool1 the patient should lie on a hard bed1 and all company should be avoided1 for excitement favors abortion4 ,if the flow of blood equals a gill in amount1 there is little hope of preventing abortion1 and the treatment of the case should be entrusted to the family physician4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woman ,,and ,,her ,,diseases4 ,an imaginative poet avers that woman is the link connecting ,heaven and earth4 ,true it is1 we see in her the embodiment of purity and heavenly graces1 the most perfect combination of modesty1 devotion1 patience1 affection1 gratitude and loveliness1 and the perfection of physical beauty4 ,we watch with deep interest the steady and gradual development from girlhood to womanhood1 when the whole person improves in grace and elegance1 the voice becomes more sonorous and melodious1 and the angles and curvatures of her contour become more rounded and amplified1 preparatory for her high and holy mission4 ,the uterus1 or womb1 and ovaries1 with which her whole system is in intimate sympathy1 render her doubly susceptible to injurious influences and a resulting series of diseases1 from which the other sex is entirely exempt4 ,by their sympathetic connections they wield a modifying influence over all the other functions of the system4 ,physically and mentally1 woman is man modified1 perfected1--the last and crowning handiwork of ,god4 ,when1 therefore1 this structure so wonderfully endowed1 so exquisitely wrought1 and performing the most delicate and sacred functions which ,god has ever entrusted to a created being1 is disturbed by disease1 when the nicely-adjusted balance of her complex nature deviates from its true and intended poise1 the most efficient aid should be extended1 in order that the normal equilibrium may be regained1 her health restored1 and her divine mission1 on which human welfare so largely depends1 be fulfilled4 ,its importance should elicit the best efforts of the highest type of mind1 the ripe development of genius1 and the most scientific administration of the choicest1 rarest1 and purest medicinal elements in the whole range of nature4 ,a ,,vast ,,experience4 ,as the remedial management of diseases of women has1 for many years1 entered very largely into our practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 located at #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 comprising the treatment of many thousands of cases annually1 we have been afforded great experience in perfecting and adapting remedies for their cure1 enabling us to meet their requirements with increased certainty and exactness4 ,,treating ,,the ,,wrong ,,disease4 ,our improved and perfected system of diagnosing1 or determining1 the exact nature and extent of chronic affections1 which1 in most cases1 we are able to do at a distance1 and without a personal examination of the patient1 as will be more particularly explained in the appendix1 or latter part of this little book1 has enabled us to avoid the blunders so often committed by the general practitioner1 who not infrequently treats those afflicted with chronic ailments peculiar to women1 for long weeks1 and perhaps months1 without ever discovering their real and true disease1 or condition4 ,thus1 invalid women are often uselessly subjected to treatment for dyspepsia1 heart disease1 liver or kidney affections1 sick headaches1 and various aches and pains1 as if they were primary diseases1 when in reality1 they are only so many local manifestations1 or symptoms1 of some overlooked derangement1 or disease1 of the womb4 ,for1 as we have already intimated1 every organ of the system is in intimate sympathy with the uterus1 or womb4 ,any disease1 either functional or organic1 of this organ1 is at once manifest through several1 if not all1 the sympathizing organs of the system4 ,when we receive a sharp blow upon the elbow1 the pain is felt most keenly in our little finger4 ,just so in diseases of the womb2 often the most distress is felt in organs or parts of the system quite distant from the real seat of disease4 ,on this account1 thoughtless1 easy-going and ignorant physicians are misled1 and very commonly mistake the invalid's disease for some affection of the stomach1 heart1 liver1 kidneys1 or other organ1 when really it is located in the uterus4 ,cure the disease of the womb1 and all these disagreeable manifestations1 or symptoms1 vanish4 ,their cause being removed1 the various dependent derangements1 and disagreeable nervous sensations and sufferings rapidly give way1 and vigorous health is firmly re-established4 ,,time ,,and ,,perseverance ,,in ,,treatment ,,required ,,to ,,cure4 ,most chronic diseases of women are slow in their inception1 or development1 and their removal or cure must necessarily be gradual4 ,disease that has been progressing and becoming more firmly established for months1 or perhaps years1 cannot1 except in rare cases1 be hastily dislodged1 and the system restored to perfect health4 ,the process of cure1 like the development and progress of the disease1 must be a gradual one1 accomplished step by step4 ,often1 too1 the use of medicines that1 if persisted in1 will prove beneficial and curative1 will1 for a considerable time1 arouse in the system very disagreeable sensations1 and many times this leads unthinking persons to become frightened or discouraged1 and to quit the treatment best adapted to their cases if only faithfully carried out4 ,in many forms of womb disease1 their are organic lesions or changes1 that can be repaired only by a gradual process1 just as an external wound would heal1--not suddenly1 but by a constant1 slow filling in and building up1 or by the gradual development or growth of one cell upon another4 ,just as a great breach in a wall would be repaired by filling in brick upon brick1 until the defect is effaced1 so must these lesion's be removed by gradual processes4 ,when fully repaired1 the dependent1 sympathetic derangements1 disagreeable sensations1 and all the long train of consequential symptoms are1 one by one1 abolished4 ,,not ,,limited ,,in ,,our ,,remedial ,,resources4 ,it should be borne in mind that1 while we recommend1 in this little volume1 certain courses of treatment for ordinary cases1 the remedies mentioned do not by any means embrace all our resources in the way of medicines and other curative agencies1 especially for complicated1 difficult1 or very obstinate cases4 ,in many of the latter class we can send medicines that are exactly adapted to the case1 if the invalid will fill out one of our ,applications for ,treatment1 which may be found folded in the latter part of this book1 or which will be sent to any address1 on application1 by mail4 ,in most womb diseases1 the chemical and microscopical examination of the urine also furnishes valuable aid in determining the exact condition of the patient1 as well as the precise stage of the local organic disease4 ,full directions for putting up and sending such samples may be found in the ,appendix of this little volume4 ,every case submitted to us1 either by letter or in person1 receives the careful and deliberate consideration of a full ,council of specialists before a decision as to the nature of the malady1 or the proper course of treatment to be employed1 is determined upon4 ,the great advantage of this system of practice must be obvious to every intelligent1 thoughtful person4 ,no experimenting is ever resorted to4 ,the treatment is specially and exactly adapted to each individual case1 which requires such judgment1 skill1 and nicety of discrimination1 as has only been acquired by our specialists through long and diligent study1 and an experience embracing the treatment annually of many thousands of cases of those chronic diseases which are peculiar to women4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,menstruation ,,and ,,its ,,disorders4 ,the function of the ovaries is to furnish ova or germs1 and the functions of the uterus or womb are to secrete mucus2 to exude the menses2 to secrete the decidua2 to contain and nourish the foetus and to effect its expulsion4 ,menstruation1 or the menses1 monthly visitation1 catamenia1 menstrual flow1 courses1 or periods1 usually makes its appearance in the female between the twelfth and fifteenth years1 at which time the reproductive system undergoes remarkable changes4 ,a marked characteristic of menstruation is its regular return about every twenty-eight days4 ,the menstrual flow usually continues from three to six days1 and the discharge seems to be ordinary blood1 which1 during its vaginal passage1 becomes mixed with mucus1 and is thereby deprived of the power of coagulation4 ,the quantity exuded varies from two to eight ounces1 but the amount consistent with the health of one person1 may be excessive and weakening in another4 ,this function is regarded as being regular when its effect upon the system is favorable1 for whatever organic process directly contributes to the health should be considered as normal4 ,it occurs at regular intervals for about thirty years1 when menstruation and the aptitude for conception simultaneously cease4 ,the departures from healthy menstruation are numerous4 ,the most important of these are amenorrhea1 dysmenorrhea1 and menorrhagia4 ,,amenorrhea4 ,the term amenorrhea signifies the absence of menstruation when it should occur4 ,it may be considered under two general heads3 when it fails to be established at the proper age1 and when1 after having made its appearance1 it ceases to return at the usual periods4 ,the term retention has been applied to the first1 and that of suppression to the latter4 ,menstruation may fail to be established in consequence of organic defects1 or from some abnormal condition of the blood and nervous system4 ,,malformation ,,of ,,the ,,vagina4 ,retention of the menses may result from malformation of the vaginal canal1 which sometimes terminates before it reaches the womb1 being simply a short1 closed sac4 ,if the uterus and ovaries are perfect1 all the feminine characteristics are manifest1 and a vaginal exploration discloses the nature of the difficulty4 ,if1 however1 the sides of this passage adhere in consequence of previous inflammation1 they may be carefully separated by a surgical operation1 and this function restored4 ,,absence ,,or ,,malformation ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,the uterus may be deformed or entirely absent1 and yet there be an inclination1 or symptoms indicative of an effort1 to establish this function4 ,the individual may be delicate in organization1 graceful in bearing1 refined and attractive in all feminine ways1 and yet this organ may be so defective as to preclude the establishment of the menstrual function4 ,sometimes there is merely an occlusion of the mouth of the uterus1 the perforation of which removes all difficulty4 ,in others1 the neck of the womb is filled with a morbid growth1 or the walls of its canal are adherent1 as the result of inflammation1 and may be separated by a small silver or ivory probe1 and the menses be thus liberated4 ,,imperforate ,,hymen4 ,the hymen is a circular1 or semilunar membrane1 which imperfectly closes the outer orifice of the vagina in the virgin4 ,when of a semilunar shape1 it usually occupies the lower or posterior portion of the canal1 leaving an opening in the upper or anterior portion1 varying from the size of a quill to that of a thimble1 through which the menstrual fluid exudes4 ,this membrane is usually ruptured and destroyed by the first sexual intercourse1 and1 hence1 its presence has been considered evidence of virginity4 ,its absence1 however1 must not be considered a conclusive evidence of sexual intercourse1 for1 as ,dr4 ,dunglison says1 many circumstances of an innocent character may occasion a rupture or destruction of this membrane4 ,it is often absent in children soon after birth2 while it may remain entire after copulation4 ,hence1 the presence of the hymen does not absolutely prove virginity2 nor does its absence prove incontinence1 although its presence would be prima facie evidence of continence4 ,sometimes this membrane1 when not imperforate1 is so thick and strong as to render sexual intercourse impossible1 and requires a cutting operation to open the vagina4 ,several such cases have been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,it occasionally happens that the hymen is entire1 or imperforate1 at birth4 ,this may not be discovered before puberty4 ,but when this period arrives and the menstrual discharge takes place into the vagina1 the female will suffer from the retention and accumulation of this secretion1 and ultimately a tumor or a protrusion of the membrane which closes the vagina will occur1 giving rise to severe pain and other serious symptoms4 ,the retained menstrual fluid1 increasing in quantity at every monthly period1 dilates the womb as well as the vagina1 and even the ,fallopian tubes become distended1 presenting at length an urgent necessity for relief4 ,,treatment4 ,this condition admits of relief only by operative surgery4 ,the operation consists in dividing the hymen by a crucial incision1 thus allowing the accumulated fluid to be discharged1 after which the vagina is cleansed by syringing it with warm water4 ,,absence ,,of ,,the ,,ovaries4 ,let us suppose the case of a young woman who has fully reached the period of puberty without having menstruated4 ,all the organs which we have described1 are manifestly developed1 she is healthy1 vigorous1 robust1 and able to exercise freely or to engage in laborious occupations4 ,but we notice that her voice is not sweetly feminine1 nor is her presence timid1 tender1 and winning2 there is wanting that diffident sexual consciousness1 which gently woos1 and1 at the same time1 modestly repels1 and tends to awaken interest1 curiosity1 and desire4 ,considering also that she has never manifested any inclination to menstruate1 we are irresistibly led to the conclusion that the ovaries are wanting2 the delicate mustache upon the upper lip1 the undeveloped breasts1 the coarse features1 and her taste for masculine pursuits1 all concur in this diagnosis4 ,thus we account for the harshness of the voice1 fitted for command rather than to express the mellow1 persuasive cadences of love4 ,such a malformation cannot be remedied4 ,,retention ,,and ,,suppression ,,from ,,morbid ,,conditions ,,of ,,the ,,blood4 ,non-appearance1 as well as suppression of the menses1 may result from an abnormal state of the blood4 ,the first condition which demands our attention under this head is plethora4 ,in robust1 plethoric females the menses are sometimes very tardy in their appearance1 and every month the attempt to establish this function is attended with pain in the head1 loins1 and back1 chilliness1 nausea1 and bloating of the abdomen4 ,sometimes there is intolerance of light or sound1 and cerebral congestion1 amounting almost to apoplectic symptoms4 ,the pulse is full and strong1 the blood abundant and surcharged with red corpuscles4 ,such persons may be accustomed to luxurious living1 and there is evidently a predisposition to abnormal activity of the alimentary functions4 ,,treatment4 ,we may briefly suggest that such subjects should engage in laborious physical exercise in order to expend the surplus of vitality1 and should lessen the daily amount of food taken1 and use that which is light and unstimulating4 ,we should also prevent the determination of blood to the head1 by keeping it cool and the feet warm1 and by increasing the flow of blood to the extremities4 ,the volume of the circulation may be diminished by acting upon the natural outlets1 such as the skin1 kidneys1 and bowels4 ,the proper means and appliances for quickening the circulation of the blood are indicated1 and friction upon the surface1 bathing1 the daily use of such cathartics as ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 and1 finally1 the use of some general uterine stimulant1 such as ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 will generally prove successful in cases of amenorrhea resulting from plethora4 ,,retention ,,and ,,suppression ,,from ,,an,,mia4 ,to describe the condition of the patient whose blood is low and deprived of the richness1 warmth1 and bloom1 it once possessed when it kindled admiration and enthusiasm in others1 is but to give a picture of a numerous class of female invalids4 ,it is sad to see beauty fading1 vigor waning1 and ,bright's disease or consumption slowly wasting the blood and consuming the vital cells1 until the spirit can no longer dwell in its earthly abode and death claims the skeleton for dust4 ,,chronic ,,decline1 with its attendant anmia1 may be induced by bad habits1 destitution1 or constitutional depravity4 ,sickly forms1 wrecks of health1 address our senses on every side4 ,all these subjects evidently once had a capital in life1 sufficient1 if properly and carefully husbanded1 to comfortably afford them vital stamina and length of days4 ,alas6 they have squandered their estate1 perchance in idleness and luxurious living1 or have wasted it in vanities or misdirected ambition4 ,having become bankrupts in health1 there is necessarily a failure of the menstrual function1 and then follows a panic4 ,all the blame of the insolvency and general derangement1 is unjustly attributed to the non-performance of the duties of the uterus4 ,thus1 this organ is altogether dependent ,upon the general health for its functional ability1 yet frequently treatment is instituted to compel menstruation1 regardless of the condition of the system4 ,thus the enfeebled uterus is wrongfully held responsible for general disorder1 because it ceases to act1 when by acting it would further deplete the blood and thus materially contribute to the already existing chronic decline4 ,no matter what are the causes of this decline1 whether they are the follies of fashion1 the effect of indolence1 debility in consequence of insufficient food1 perversion of nutrition by irregular habits1 lack of exercise1 or the taking of drastic medicines1 the result is anmia and amenorrhea4 ,,treatment4 ,we would suggest in such cases a nutritious diet1 increased exercise1 cleanliness1 regular habits1 hard beds1 and useful employment4 ,the diet may be improved by animal broths1 roasted meats1 fresh beef1 mutton1 chicken1 or eggs1 and the dress should be comfortable1 warm1 and permit freedom of motion4 ,the patient should indulge in amusing exercises1 walking1 swinging1 riding1 games of croquet1 traveling1 singing1 percussing the expanded chest1 or engage in healthful calisthenic exercises4 ,the hygienic treatment of this form of amenorrhea1 then1 consists in physical culture1 regular bathing1 and the regulation of the bowels1 if constipated1 as suggested in this volume under the head of constipation4 ,the medical treatment should be directed to enriching the blood1 improving nutrition1 toning up the generative organs1 and the health of the whole system4 ,this requires the employment of uterine and general tonics1 and ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which is sold by druggists1 happily combines the properties required4 ,it improves digestion1 enriches the blood1 exercises a tonic and gently stimulating effect upon the uterus and ovaries1 and thus promotes the function of menstruation4 ,it is not a strong emmenagogue1 but operates slowly1 yet surely1 and in accordance with physiological laws1 being eminently congenial in its effects upon the female system1 and1 hence1 not liable to do harm4 ,there is danger in employing active driving medicines1 besides1 no emmenagogue1 however powerful1 can establish the menstrual function so long as the system is in a debilitated condition and the blood reduced4 ,the restorative effects of the ,favorite ,prescription should be secured by administering it regularly1 in from one to two teaspoonful doses1 three or four times a day1 for several weeks1 and as the system is built up and those symptoms appear which indicate a return of the menses1 their visitation may be encouraged by the use of hot foot and sitz-baths1 and free doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed4 ,but the latter should only be used when symptoms of approaching menstruation are manifested4 ,by following out this course of treatment1 a soft flush will gradually take the place of the pallor of the cheeks1 the appetite will return and the health will be restored4 ,,acute ,,suppression ,,of ,,the ,,menses may be caused by strong emotions1 as excessive joy1 or by violent excitement of the propensities1 as intense anger1 sudden fright1 fear1 or anxiety4 ,suppression may result from sudden exposure to cold1 immersion of the hands or feet in cold water1 drinking cold water when the body is heated1 sitting on the cold ground or damp grass1 or from a burn or wound4 ,it is not uncommon for women to labor in the heated wash-room1 pounding1 rubbing1 and wringing soiled linen1 thereby overtaxing the delicate physical system4 ,while feeling tired and jaded1 all reeking in perspiration1 they rinse and wring the clothes out of cold water and hang them upon the line with arms bare1 when the atmosphere is so freezing that the garments stiffen before they finish this part of the task4 ,is it any wonder that acute suppressions occur or that inflammations set in8 ,the symptoms which naturally follow are a quick pulse1 hot skin1 thirst1 fever1 headache1 and dizziness1 and the inflammation may locate in the ovaries1 uterus1 lungs1 bowels1 brain1 or other parts4 ,no matter what organs are attacked the menses are suppressed4 ,the suppression can generally be attributed to an adequate cause1 resulting in constitutional disturbance4 ,the severity and duration of the attack and the power of the constitution to resist it1 must determine the gravity of the consequences4 ,,treatment4 ,as acute suppression of the menses is due to derangement of the circulation of the blood1 caused by taking cold1 by violent excitement of the propensities or excessively strong emotional experience1 the prominent indication is to secure its speedy equalization4 ,give a hot foot1 a warm sitz1 or the spirit vapor-bath and administer full doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed1 to produce free perspiration4 ,dr4 ,eberle1 a very celebrated medical author1 says that he used the ,extract of ,smart-weed in twenty cases of amenorrhea1 and affirms1 with no other remedy or mode of treatment have ,i been so successful as with this4 ,our experience in the use of the ,extract has been equally satisfactory4 ,should this treatment not establish the function1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription should be given three times a day until the system is invigorated1 say for twenty-eight days1 when the above course may be repeated1 and generally with success4 ,should the case be complicated with inflammation of the lungs1 brain1 or other vital organs1 manifesting alarming symptoms1 the family physician should be called4 ,the treatment should be active and suited to the indications of each particular case4 ,when the disease becomes chronic1 the active stage of symptoms having passed1 and it continues to linger without making the desired improvement1 all the means suggested for the treatment of suppression from anmia should be employed4 ,their use will be followed by the most gratifying results4 ,it should be borne in mind1 however1 that when we have suggested any treatment in this volume1 it is generally such as the family may institute and apply1 and does not1 by any means1 represent the variety or extent of the remedial resources which we employ when consulted in person or by letter4 ,we refer our readers to only a few of the safe and reliable remedies which we have prepared and placed within their reach1 and give them just such hygienic advice as we think will best serve their interests4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dysmenorrhea4 7,,painful ,,menstruation47 ,dysmenorrhea1 from its ,greek derivation1 signifies a difficult monthly flow1 and is applied to menstruation when that function becomes painful and difficult4 ,menstruation1 like other healthy operations of the body1 should be painless1 but too frequently it is the case1 that discomfort and distress commence twenty-four hours before the flow appears1 and continue with increasing pain1 sickness at the stomach1 and vomiting1 until the patient has to take to the bed4 ,when the discharge does occur1 speedy relief is sometimes obtained1 and the patient suffers no more during that menstrual period4 ,with others1 the commencement of the function is painless1 but from six to twenty-four hours after1 the flow is arrested and the patient then experiences acute suffering4 ,pain may be felt in the back1 loins1 and down the thighs4 ,sometimes it is of a lancinating1 neuralgic kind1 at others1 it is more like colic4 ,frequently the distress causes lassitude1 fever1 general uneasiness1 and a sense of lethargy4 ,there are those who suffer more or less during the entire period of the flow1 while the distress of others terminates at the time when a membranous cast is expelled4 ,for convenience of description1 dysmenorrhea has been divided into the following varieties3 neuralgic1 congestive1 inflammatory1 membranous1 and obstructive4 ,the neuralgic variety of dysmenorrhea1 sometimes called spasmodic or idiopathic1 occurs when there is excessive sensibility of the ovaries and uterine nerves1 which sympathetically respond1 especially to cutaneous1 biliary1 and sexual irritation1 and when ovarian or uterine irritation is communicated to distant nerve-centres4 ,in the first class1 usually comprising lean persons of an encephalic temperament1 whatever disorders the functions of the general system1 instantaneously reflects upon the ovaries and uterine nerves1 and the menstrual function ,is correspondingly disturbed1 and1 instead of being painless1 the flow becomes spasmodic1 with paroxysms of distress4 ,in the second class1 which includes those persons who are plethoric1 the ovarian and uterine nerves seem to be the origin and centre of irritation1 which is sometimes so severe as to cause indescribable pain4 ,we have known women who affirmed that the severity of labor pains was not so great as that from this cause4 ,in one instance1 the subject suffered thus for eleven years1 and then became a mother1 and has ever asserted that her periodic suffering was far more intense than the pain experienced during her confinement4 ,these neuralgic pains fly along the tracks of nerves to different organs1 and capriciously dart from point to point with marvelous celerity1 producing nausea1 headache1 and sometimes delirium4 ,,in ,,the ,,congestive ,,variety of dysmenorrhea1 the menstrual period may be ushered in without pain2 after a few hours1 the pulse becomes stronger and more rapid1 the skin grows hot and dry1 the menses stop1 there is uneasiness1 restlessness1 and severe pelvic pains4 ,evidently1 the mucous membranes of the ,fallopian tubes and uterus have become congested1 and the pain results from the arrest of the functional process1 the exudation of blood4 ,,the ,,causes are plethora1 exposure to cold1 excitement of the emotions or passions1 and a morbid condition of the blood4 ,sometimes congestion arises in consequence of a displacement of the uterus4 ,,in ,,the ,,inflammatory ,,variety1 the mucous membrane of the uterus is the seat of irritation4 ,the blood flows into the capillary vessels in greater abundance than is natural1 and those vessels become over-dilated and enfeebled and so altered in their sensibility as to produce local excitement and pain4 ,it may be associated with inflammation of the ovaries1 peritoneum1 or bladder4 ,upon the return of the menses1 there is a dull1 heavy1 fixed pain in the pelvis1 which continues until the period is completed4 ,there is generally tenderness of the uterus1 and also leucorrhea during the intervals between each monthly flow4 ,,in ,,the ,,membranous ,,variety of dysmenorrhea1 the entire mucous membrane which lines the cavity of the uterus1 in consequence of some morbid process1 is gradually detached and expelled at the menstrual period4 ,,symptoms4 ,there are steady pains at the commencement of the menstrual flow1 and they increase in violence and become decidedly expulsive4 ,the mouth of the uterus gradually dilates1 and finally1 the membrane is forced out of the uterus1 attended with a slight flow of blood and an entire subsidence of the pain4 ,,the ,,treatment1 in all the preceding varieties of dysmenorrhea1 should consist of measures to determine the circulation of the blood to the surface1 and increase the perspiratory functions4 ,congestion and inflammation of the internal organs are generally induced by exposure to cold or from insufficient clothing4 ,sometimes they follow from neglect of the skin1 which is not kept clean and its excretory function encouraged by warm clothing4 ,the domestic treatment at the monthly crisis should be commenced by the administration of hot foot1 and sitz-baths1 after which the patient should be warmly covered in bed1 and bottles of hot water applied to the extremities1 back1 and thighs4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed should be given in full doses1 frequently repeated1 to secure its diaphoretic1 emmenagogue1 and anodyne effects1 which1 for this painful affection1 is unsurpassed4 ,for the radical cure of this disease1 whether of a congestive1 inflammatory1 or neuralgic character1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which is sold by druggists1 is a pleasant and specific remedy1 which will most speedily correct the abnormal condition that produces the trouble1 and thereby obviate the necessity of passing this terrible ordeal at every monthly period4 ,the patient should take two teaspoonfuls of the medicine three times a day1 and keep up its use in these doses for weeks4 ,frequently1 one month will suffice to cure1 but in most cases1 a longer season is required4 ,in the end1 the suffering patient will not be disappointed1 but will become a new being1 ready for the enjoyment and duties of life4 ,the bowels should be kept regular throughout the treatment by the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets1 if necessary4 ,a hand or sponge-bath should be used daily to keep the skin active1 and be followed by a brisk rubbing of the surface with a rough towel or flesh-brush4 ,a wet sheet pack will cleanse the pores of the skin and invite the blood into the minute capillaries of the surface1 and thus prove of great benefit4 ,it should be repeated after an interval of seven days1 but ought to be omitted if near the approach of a menstrual period4 ,the clothing should be warm1 to protect the system against changes of temperature2 especially should every precaution be taken to keep the feet dry and warm4 ,the patient should walk in the open air1 and the distance should be regularly lengthened at each succeeding walk4 ,if the course of treatment which we have suggested be faithfully pursued1 a permanent cure will be effected4 ,,in ,,the ,,obstructive ,,variety of dysmenorrhea1 some organic impediment hinders the exit of the menstrual blood from the uterus1 which1 consequently1 becomes distended and painful4 ,the pain may be constant1 but is most acute when the uterus makes spasmodic efforts to discharge the menstrual blood4 ,if these efforts prove successful1 there is an interval of relief4 ,flexion or version of the womb may produce partial occlusion of the canal of the neck of the uterus1 thus preventing the free flow of the menstrual fluid through it4 ,tumors located in the body or neck of the uterus often cause obstruction to the free discharge of the menses4 ,imperforate hymen and vaginal stricture also sometimes cause obstruction and give rise to painful menstruation4 ,as these several abnormal conditions and diseases will be treated of elsewhere in this volume1 we omit their further consideration here4 ,partial adhesion of the walls of the neck of the womb may result from inflammation of the mucous lining1 and prevent a free and easy exit of the menstrual fluid4 ,in many cases1 the contracted and narrowed condition of the canal of the cervix seems to be a congenital deformity1 for we can trace it to no perceptible cause4 ,it is also true that contraction and partial1 or even complete1 stricture of the cervix1 or neck of the womb1 often results from the improper application of strong caustics to this passage by incompetent and ignorant surgeons4 ,every person has observed the contraction of tissue caused by a severe burn1 which often produces such a distortion of the injured part as to disfigure the body for life4 ,a similar result is produced when the neck of the womb is burned with strong caustics4 ,the tissues are destroyed1 and1 as the parts heal1 the deeper-seated tissues firmly contract1 forming a hard1 unyielding cicatrix1 thus constricting the neck of the womb1 through which the menses pass into the vagina4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,the ,,uterine ,,dilator4 ,this instrument is introduced into the canal of the uterine neck with its blades closed4 ,by means of the thumb-screw the blades are then separated as shown in this illustration1 the cervical canal being thereby dilated to the required extent4 ,,treatment4 ,from the nature of this malady1 it will readily be seen that no medical treatment can effect a radical cure4 ,we must therefore resort to surgery4 ,in a small proportion of cases1 the stricture may be cured by repeated dilations of the constricted part of the cervical canal4 ,this may be accomplished by using a very smooth probe which is fine at the point1 but increases in size1 so that its introduction will widen and expand the orifice and canal4 ,the stricture may be overcome in many cases by using different sized probes4 ,in some instances1 we have employed the uterine dilator1 represented by ,fig4 #c4 ,we have also introduced sea-tangle and sponge tents into the neck of the womb1 and allowed them to remain until they expanded by absorbing moisture from the surrounding tissues4 ,the latter process is simple1 and in many cases preferable4 ,by means of a speculum 7see ,figs4 #ae and #af71 the mouth of the womb is brought into view1 and the surgeon seizes a small tent with a pair of forceps and gently presses it into the neck of the womb1 where it is left to expand and thus dilate the passage4 ,if there seems to be a persistent disposition of the circular fibers of the cervix to contract1 and thus close the canal1 a surgical operation will be necessary to insure permanent relief4 ,in performing this operation1 we use a cutting instrument called the hysterotome 7see ,figs4 #d and #e74 ,by the use of this instrument1 the cervical canal is enlarged by an incision on either side4 ,the operation is but slightly painful1 and1 in the hands of a competent surgeon1 is perfectly safe4 ,we have operated in a very large number of cases and have never known any alarming or dangerous symptoms to result4 ,after the incision1 a small roll of cotton1 thoroughly saturated with glycerine1 is applied to the incised parts1 and a larger roll is introduced into the vagina4 ,the second day after the operation1 the cotton is removed1 the edges of the wound separated by a uterine sound or probe1 and a cotton tent introduced into the cervix1 and allowed to remain1 so that it will expand and thus open the wound to its full extent4 ,this treatment must be thoroughly applied1 and repeated every alternate day1 until the incised parts are perfectly healed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,,white',s ,,hysterotome4 ,in operating1 this instrument is introduced into the canal of the neck of the womb1 when a thumb screw in the end of the handle is turned1 by which a small blade is thrown out from each side1 and as the instrument is withdrawn from the canal an incision is made on each side1 thus enlarging the passage4 ,the upper figure illustrates the instrument closed1 ready for introduction2 the lower one1 with the blades projected for cutting4 ,many times patients cannot understand why it is that the operation of cutting the constricted cervix causes no pain2 they often being entirely unconscious of the making of the incision4 ,the explanation is easy4 ,the cervix uteri1 or neck of the womb1 is supplied with but few nerves of sensation1 and is almost as destitute of sensation as the finger or toe nails1 the paring of which causes not the slightest pain4 ,on this account we never find it necessary to administer chloroform or any other ansthetic when undertaking this operation4 ,if the patient be extremely sensitive the application to the cervix of a weak solution of cocaine is quite sufficient to completely benumb or anesthetize the parts so as to entirely avoid all pain from the operation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,,stohlman',s ,,hysterotome4 ,this instrument has two cutting blades which shut past each other1 as seen in the lower figure1 so as not to cut when introduced into the canal of the uterine neck4 ,after introduction1 the cutting blades are separated1 as shown in the upper figure1 the extent of the incision being regulated by the thumb-screw attached to the handles1 as represented in the lower figure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,menorrhagia4 7,,profuse ,,menstruation47 ,the word ,menorrhagia1 which is of ,greek derivation1 literally means monthly breaking away1 and is employed to designate profuse menstruation4 ,this disorder must not be confounded with those hemorrhages which are not periodical1 and which are due to other causes4 ,the term menhorrhagia is restricted to an immoderate monthly flow4 ,the menstrual flow may occur too often1 continue too long1 or be too profuse4 ,it induces a feeble pulse1 cold extremities1 weak respiration1 general debility1 and may occur in opposite states of the system1 i4e41 in women who have a plethoric and robust habit1 or in those of flaccid muscles and bloodless features4 ,when the menstrual discharge is natural1 it is so gradual that by mixing with the vaginal secretions it is prevented from coagulating1 while in this disease1 clots are often formed4 ,,symptoms4 ,in women of a plethoric habit1 it is ushered in by itching and heat in the vagina1 pain and a feeling of weight in the loins and lower part of the abdomen1 and1 at times1 the breasts become hot and painful4 ,there is considerable thirst1 headache1 and giddiness4 ,at last1 the blood appears and flows profusely1 and all the violent symptoms at once subside4 ,the rest of the period is marked by an inordinate flow1 leaving the system weak from the loss of blood4 ,it oftener occurs1 however1 in persons who are naturally weak and delicate1 in which case the periods are more frequent and continue longer1 and after a time they are renewed by any bodily exertion or mental emotion1 so that a constant drain exists4 ,if the flow of blood is not continuous1 leucorrhea intervenes4 ,the patient gradually loses strength and becomes languid1 her face is pale and usually bloated1 livid circles appear around the eyes1 the appetite is impaired1 the bowels are constipated1 and the feet and ankles swollen4 ,lack of blood in the brain is indicated by headache1 ringing in the ears1 and dizziness4 ,the patient is nervous and irritable1 being disturbed by the slightest noise1 and the heart palpitates after the least exertion4 ,,causes4 ,the first form is caused by eating too much rich and highly-seasoned food1 drinking wine1 porter1 ale1 or beer1 want of exercise1 in brief1 whatever induces plethora2 the second results from an insufficient or poor diet1 leucorrhea1 frequent abortions1 want of ventilation1 inherent feebleness1 and whatever depresses the vital powers4 ,either form may be due to syphilitic taints1 excessive sexual indulgence1 accidents of pregnancy1 or organic diseases of the womb4 ,the morbid affections of the womb most likely to induce menorrhagia1 are granular ulceration of its mouth and neck1 fungous degeneration of its lining membrane1 and tumors within that organ4 ,as these subjects will be severally considered hereafter1 we shall here dismiss them with this brief notice4 ,profuse menstruation is very prone to occur in young women of a lymphatic temperament1 whose organs are sleazy in texture4 ,,treatment4 ,to control the excessive flow1 the patient should remain in her bed1 and assume the recumbent position until the period is passed4 ,if circumstances prevent strict compliance with this rule1 it should be observed as nearly as possible4 ,warmth should be applied to the feet1 and cold cloths1 which ought to be removed as soon as they become warm by the heat of the body1 should be repeatedly placed upon the back and abdomen4 ,a strong tea made from cinnamon bark1 or witch-hazel leaves or bark1 taken freely1 will prove very efficacious in checking the flow4 ,the fluid extract of ergot1 in doses of from half a teaspoonful to a teaspoonful1 in a little water or cinnamon tea1 is one of the most effectual remedies in this affection4 ,another valuable remedy for arresting menorrhagia is an infusion of ,canada fleabane2 or the oil of this plant may be administered in doses of from five to ten drops on sugar4 ,gallic acid is also a good styptic to employ in these cases4 ,if there is febrile excitement1 a hard pulse1 frequent and throbbing1 and if there is headache1 thirst1 parched lips1 hot and dry skin1 as is sometimes the case1 then menorrhagia is due to an augmented action of the heart and arteries1 and the indication of treatment is to diminish vascular action4 ,this may be temporarily accomplished by the use of veratrum viride1 which should be continued until the flow is sufficiently diminished4 ,the means already suggested will generally prove effective in controlling the inordinate flow at the time4 ,treatment that will produce permanent relief should then be adopted4 ,the condition of the skin1 kidneys1 and bowels1 requires attention for noxious elements should not be retained in the system4 ,to give tone to weakened pelvic organs we know of nothing more specific in its effects than ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which is sold by druggists4 ,it should be taken continuously for weeks1 in order to fully correct the extremely weakened condition of that organ4 ,it also aids nutrition1 and thus tones up the general system1 so that in the form of profuse menstruation1 resulting from debility1 the patient is strengthened1 her blood enriched1 and her nervousness quieted1 which constitutes the necessary treatment to make the cure permanent4 ,as women approach the critical age1 and menstruation ceases1 if they are anmic1 their condition is pitiable4 ,this period is popularly denominated the turn of life4 ,under favorable circumstances1 the vitality is decidedly enhanced1 and the decline of this function is attended with a revival of the bodily powers4 ,but when this crisis has been preceded by excessive labor1 when intemperance or excesses of any kind have deranged the bodily functions and perverted nutrition1 when the mind has been long and deeply depressed1 or when the insidious progress of disease of the heart1 liver1 or other ,important organs1 occurs in consequence of irregularities of living1 then there is danger of congestion of the uterus and a protracted and profuse menstrual flow1 which favors a decline4 ,the treatment of this form of menorrhagia does not differ from that already suggested4 ,the diet should be light and nourishing1 and daily exercise1 such as walking1 riding1 change of air and scenery1 all will contribute to restoration4 ,especial attention should be directed to the condition of the bowels and liver4 ,if the latter be deranged1 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery will be a most efficacious remedy4 ,when there is a diminution of vital force1 resulting in impaired nutrition and disorders of blood1 an alterative is required which will insensibly and gradually restore activity by removing the causes of derangement4 ,impairment of nutrition is very frequently associated with functional or organic disease of the liver1 and curative measures consist of the use of alteratives1 friction baths1 exercise1 nutritive diet1 and diversion of the mind4 ,whenever innutrition depends upon deprivation of the blood or torpor of any of the secretory organs1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery will prove to be an invaluable remedial agent1 for it is an alterative and at the same time a blood restorative4 ,if the bowels be costive small laxative doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets should be employed4 ,the ,favorite ,prescription regulates the menstrual function by toning up the tissues of the uterus and restraining the escape of the menses from the orifices of the blood-vessels4 ,while the diet should be nourishing1 consisting of wild game1 mutton1 chicken1 and wine1 the patient ought not to debilitate the stomach by the use of strong tea or coffee4 ,the circulation of the blood should be quickened by riding1 walking1 exposure to sunlight1 and fresh air4 ,the patient ought to engage in some light occupation1 in which the mind will be constantly as well as agreeably employed1 but not overtaxed4 ,by pursuing the course of treatment1 invalids suffering from menorrhagia may be permanently restored to health4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,turn ,,of ,,life4 7,,cessation ,,of ,,the ,,menses47 ,menstruation commonly occurs at regular monthly intervals1 during a period of about thirty years4 ,the time for its cessation depends somewhat upon the date of its first appearance4 ,in the temperate zones it commences at about the fifteenth year1 and1 consequently should terminate at the forty-fifth year4 ,instances are common1 however1 in which it has been prolonged until the fiftieth and even to the fifty-fifth year4 ,in warm climates it commences and terminates at an earlier age4 ,as women approach the critical period of life1 if the general health and habits be good1 the discharge may gradually diminish1 and1 at length1 totally disappear1 without producing any particular inconvenience1 but this seldom happens4 ,more frequently1 the discharge is entirely absent for six or seven weeks1 and when it does return1 it is more copious than usual4 ,in some cases1 the flow is not only too profuse1 but too frequent4 ,many months may elapse before the menses return1 and1 even then1 they are apt to be very pale and deficient in quantity4 ,the fluctuations of this function occasion irregularities and disturbances of the general health4 ,when the flow of blood is diverted from the uterus1 it is liable to be directed to the head or some other part of the body4 ,in fact1 there appears to be constitutional agitation1 and disorders of all the organs4 ,perhaps one reason for calling this a critical period is1 that if there is a morbid tendency in the system1 a disposition to develop tumors of the breast or uterus1 these are very liable to make rapid progress at this time1 since they are not relieved by the customary1 local exudation of blood4 ,it is a time favorable to the awakening of latent disorder and morbid growths1 for1 at the decline of the menstrual function1 the uterus is not so capable of resisting vitiating influences4 ,there is greater liability to irritation of the bladder and rectum1 and the menstrual flow may be superseded by a white1 acrid discharge1 caused by an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina4 ,even if the system be not enfeebled by excessive losses of blood1 debility may result from a continued irritation of the uterine organs1 and cause the morbid discharge4 ,the nervous system sympathetically responds1 becoming exceedingly irritable1 and thus implicating in this derangement every bodily organ4 ,in some constitutions1 the change of any habit is almost impossible1 particularly if it is improperly acquired1 or detrimental to health2 and so we have sometimes thought respecting this function1 that the more it has been abused and perverted during the time of ,its natural activity1 the greater is the disturbance occasioned when it ceases4 ,,treatment4 ,there should be regularity in all the habits of life4 ,women are too apt to approach this important period without due care and consideration4 ,when the physical system is about to suspend a function1 it is folly to endeavor to perform the labor or assume the responsibilities which were permissible when the constitution was more robust4 ,how the duties of each day and hour weigh upon the energies of the mother6 ,what intense solicitude and yearning she experiences6 ,how unselfish is that mother who each day works steadily and faithfully for others1 and who is conscious of the hidden dangers that lurk around her pathway6 ,with confiding faith and love1 she commends the interests of her children to ,him who doeth all things well4 ,she anticipates the wants of her family and strives to supply the desired comforts1 thus wasting her strength in the labors prompted by her loving nature4 ,would it not be a greater comfort to those children to have the counsel of their dear mother in later years1 than to have the bitter reflection that she sacrificed her health and life for their gratification8 ,unconsciously1 perhaps1 but none the less certainly1 do women enter upon this period regardless of the care they ought to bestow upon themselves4 ,without sufficient forethought or an understanding of the functional changes taking place1 they over-tax their strength1 until1 by continuous exertion1 they break down under those labors which1 to persons of their age1 are excessive and injurious4 ,is it strange1 when woman has thus exhausted her energies1 when her body trembles with fatigue and her mind is agitated with responsibilities1 that the menses capriciously return1 or the uterus is unable to withstand congestion1 and capillary hemorrhage becomes excessive8 ,if the physical system had not been thus exhausted1 it would have exercised its powers for the conservation of health and strength4 ,it is better to be forewarned of the ills to which we are liable1 and fortify ourselves against them1 rather than squander the strength intended for personal preservation4 ,let every woman1 and especially every mother1 consider her situation and properly prepare for that grand climacteric1 which so materially influences her future health and life4 ,the general health should be carefully preserved by those exercises which will equalize the circulation of the blood1 and the regular action of the bowels should be promoted by the use of those articles of diet which contribute to this end4 ,relieve the mind of responsibility1 keep the skin clean1 and enrich the blood with tonics and alteratives4 ,for the latter purpose1 use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,if these remedies fail1 seek professional advice4 ,a careful regulation of the habits1 strict attention to the requirements of the system1 and the use of tonic medicines1 will very frequently render the employment of a physician unnecessary 99 99 99 99 99 ,,leucorrhea4 7,,whites47 ,leucorrhea is the symptomatic manifestation of some uterine or vaginal affection1 vulgarly called whites4 ,we say symptomatic1 for the white or yellowish discharge1 which we term leucorrhea1 is not a disease1 but a symptom of some uterine or vaginal disorder4 ,we call it a white discharge to distinguish it from the menses and uterine hemorrhages4 ,it varies1 however1 in color and consistency from a white1 glairy mucus to a yellow or greenish1 purulent1 fetid matter4 ,sometimes it has a curdled appearance1 at others1 it is of the consistency of cream4 ,leucorrhea is the most common symptom of uterine derangement1 and there are few females who are not affected by it at some period of life4 ,it may originate either in the vagina or uterus1 and it is accordingly termed either vaginal or uterine leucorrhea4 ,the nature of leucorrhea is analogous to that of nasal catarrh4 ,in a healthy state1 the lining membrane of the genital organs secretes sufficient mucus to moisten them2 but1 if the mucous membrane is temporarily congested or inflamed1 the secretion becomes profuse1 irritating1 and offensive4 ,vaginal and uterine leucorrhea are essentially different in character1 the former being an acid1 and the latter an alkaline secretion1 and1 while the first is a creamy1 purulent fluid1 the latter is thick and ropy1 like the white of an egg4 ,in fact1 the latter discharge is rich in albuminous matter and blood-corpuscles1 hence1 its great debilitating effect upon the system1 and1 if not promptly arrested it is likely to produce vaginitis1 pruritus vulvce1 or vulvitis4 ,,vaginitis is indicated by intense inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina4 ,when this affection is present the patient experiences a sense of burning heat1 aching and weight in the region of the vagina1 violent and throbbing pains in the pelvis1 and the discharge is profuse and very offensive4 ,there is also a frequent desire to urinate1 and the passage of the urine causes a sensation of scalding4 ,,pruritus ,,vulvae4 ,the discharge irritates the nerves of the external genital parts1 thus producing an almost unendurable itching4 ,scratching or rubbing the parts only aggravates the affection4 ,the patient is tormented night and day1 is deprived of sleep1 and naturally becomes despondent4 ,pruritus vulvae1 in its severest forms1 is often developed when the discharge is scarcely noticeable4 ,it is the most common result or accompaniment of leucorrhea4 ,,vulvitis4 ,this term indicates an inflammation of the lining membrane of the external genital parts4 ,sometimes the inflammation extends to the deeper tissues1 causing great pain1 and even suppuration1 resulting in the formation of an abscess4 ,the attack is indicated by redness1 swelling1 and a feverish state of the affected parts1 which is quickly followed by a profuse flow of yellow pus1 and1 in some instances1 small ulcers are formed on the affected parts4 ,,symptoms4 ,the sufferer from leucorrhea becomes pale and emaciated1 the eyes dull and heavy1 the functions of the skin1 stomach and bowels become deranged1 more or less pain in the head is experienced1 sometimes accompanied with dizziness1 palpitation is common1 and1 as the disease progresses1 the blood becomes impoverished1 the feet and ankles are swollen1 the mind is apprehensive and melancholy1 and very frequently the function of generation is injured1 resulting in complete sterility4 ,exercise produces pain in the small of the back and the lower portion of the spine1 and1 owing to a relation of the vaginal walls1 the womb falls far below its natural position1 or turns in various directions1 according to the manner in which the weight above rests upon it4 ,ulcers are apt to appear upon the mouth of the womb1 the matter from which tinges the discharge and stains the linen4 ,hysteria is often an attendant of this disease4 ,,causes4 ,the immediate cause of leucorrhea is either congestion1 or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina or womb1 or both4 ,the exciting causes are numerous4 ,among others1 deranged menstruation1 prolonged nursing of children1 pregnancy1 abortions1 excessive indulgence in sexual intercourse1 uncleanliness1 piles1 uterine ulcers1 and displacement of the womb1 are the most common4 ,in brief1 it usually accompanies every uterine disorder which vitiates and reduces the system4 ,during childhood1 particularly in scrofulous children1 discharges from the vagina are not unfrequent1 owing to worms or other intestinal irritation4 ,among the organic causes of leucorrhea1 are ulceration of the mouth or neck of the womb and tumors4 ,these will be considered hereafter4 ,,treatment4 ,we have dwelt upon leucorrhea because of its prevalence and in order to exhibit the various forms it may assume4 ,these reasons long ago prompted us to investigate it2 and1 ascertaining the derangement to consist in a relaxation of the walls of the vagina1 attendant upon depressed vitality1 for many years we experimented with various medicines to find those that would exercise specific properties in restoring the tissues involved to a natural condition1 thereby arresting the abnormal discharge4 ,our efforts in that direction have been very successful1 and our expectations more than realized4 ,the treatment which we shall recommend is rational1 based upon the pathological conditions of the disease1 and has been attended with the greatest success4 ,it embraces the use of those general restoratives and specific uterine tonics1 so harmoniously combined in ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 a remedy which has achieved unparalleled success in the cure of this affection and won the highest praise from thousands of grateful women4 ,it many cases1 it is well to accompany its use with alterative treatment1 for which the ,golden ,medical ,discovery will be found especially effective4 ,it is an absurd practice to arrest the discharge with astringent injections alone4 ,the weak and lax walls of the vagina1 as well as the other tissues of the system1 require strength1 and this can be gained only by the use of general and special tonics4 ,appropriate injections as auxiliary treatment will very much assist in the cure4 ,the ,favorite ,prescription is a special tonic for the affected parts1 and the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is the best general alterative of which we have any knowledge4 ,they may be taken in alternate doses every day4 ,if the patient is very pale and anmic1 one drachm of the carbonate1 or two drachms of the citrate or pyrophosphate of iron1 may be advantageously added to each bottle of the ,favorite ,prescription4 ,if the carbonate be employed1 as it is insoluble1 the bottle should be well shaken every time before using4 ,the functions of the skin should be kept active by frequent baths1 and the patient1 if able1 should walk or ride in the open air1 and freely expose herself to the sunshine4 ,if the invalid be too weak to exercise much1 she should go out in warm weather and sit in the open air4 ,sunshine is no less important in maintaining animal1 than in supporting vegetable growth and health4 ,the human being1 like the plant1 sickens and grows pale1 weak and tender1 if secluded from the sunlight4 ,the apartments occupied should be thoroughly ventilated4 ,many women are sickly and feeble because they live in badly ventilated rooms4 ,we cannot too strongly urge in this1 as in all other chronic diseases peculiar to women1 that the bowels be kept regular4 ,frequent1 but small doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets will prove most beneficial4 ,if the vaginal passage is tender and irritable1 an infusion1 or tea of slippery-elm bark is very soothing1 and may be used freely with a vaginal syringe4 ,whatever injection is employed1 should be preceded by the free use of ,castile soap and warm water1 to thoroughly cleanse the parts4 ,one part of glycerine to six parts of water is a soothing lotion when there is much tenderness1 heat1 and pain in the vagina4 ,if there be no great tenderness in the vagina1 or if the acute1 inflammatory symptoms have yielded to the lotions already suggested1 then a tonic and astringent injection should be employed4 ,for this purpose a wash made by dissolving one of ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s ,,purifying ,,and ,,strengthening ,,lotion ,,tablets1 in one pint of hot water is a superior application and will not fail to be of great benefit in controlling the disagreeable drain4 ,if your medicine dealer is not supplied with these1 mail #be cents in one-cent stamps to us and we will forward a box of the ,lotion ,tablets by return post4 ,these ,lotion ,tablets have for many years been used in the treatment of obstinate cases of leucorrhea at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and their efficiency has been alike gratifying to both patient and physician4 ,if pruritus or severe itching1 be also a symptom1 the itching will readily yield if the parts be cleansed with ,castile or other fine soap and warm water1 followed by the application of a compound composed of two ounces of glycerine1 one ounce of rose-water1 and one drachm of sulphite of soda2 or1 for the sulphite of soda1 two drachms of borax may be substituted4 ,the following lotion is a good one to relieve pruritus3 sugar of lead1 two drachms2 carbolic acid1 half a drachm2 laudanum1 four ounces2 glycerine1 four ounces2 water1 four pints2 mix4 ,this may be applied to the itching parts1 and also injected into the vagina4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,,fountain ,,syringe4 ,,how ,,to ,,use ,,vaginal ,,injections4 ,we usually recommend the ,fountain ,syringe illustrated in ,fig4 #f1 as the most convenient instrument for administering vaginal injections4 ,the fountains supplied by us are of soft rubber1 and have extra nozzles1 with which to make rectal1 nasal or ear irrigations4 ,there is also a large1 long nozzle for vaginal injections4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,,soft ,,rubber-,,bulb ,,syringe ,it is channeled so is to permit the free clearing away of the secretions as the ,douche is employed4 ,the ,fountain ,syringe can he used without assistance1 the flow of fluid is gradual1 and with a force that can be varied1 by raising or lowering the reservoir1 yet is never so great as to be liable to produce injurious effects4 ,the syringes usually sold with small nozzles or pipes are of little or no value for vaginal injections4 ,in many instances so small a tube will pass readily into the canal of the uterus1 and hence there has frequently resulted an injection of a portion of the fluid into the uterus itself1 producing severe pain4 ,it is important1 therefore1 in using the ,vaginal ,douche to employ only a large tube that has grooves in its surface for the free clearing away of the fluid as it runs from the fountain4 ,where it is desired to obtain relief from a congested1 inflamed or sensitive and irritable state of the mucous surface1 the employment of a large quantity of water as hot as it can be borne1 is of the greatest remedial value4 ,it rapidly diminishes the size of the blood vessels1 and aids in bringing about a normal circulation in the parts4 ,as a rule1 in taking the ,douche with the ,fountain ,syringe the rubber bag is filled1 and suspended from a nail or hook at a height of from two to five feet above the patient1 and the fluid passes through the tube by force of gravity1 thus requiring no muscular exercise4 ,the force of the stream depends upon the height of the fountain above the outlet nozzle4 ,it is only necessary that the patient should assume a comfortable position where the fluid which comes from the vaginal canal can flow into a water closet1 or any convenient vessel4 ,after a thorough cleansing of the vaginal surfaces of mucus1 by means of the warm or hot water1 it is sometimes advisable to inject remedial fluids4 ,these injections may readily be made with the fountain or bulb syringe1 introducing not less than from two to four ounces4 ,this may be retained sufficiently long to exert its remedial effects upon the mucous surface1 which usually takes from five to eight minutes4 ,the hips should be elevated1 and the nozzle of the syringe surrounded by a napkin or other similar material1 upon which moderate compression can be made so as to retain the fluid in the vagina for the necessary period4 ,when suffering from any uterine trouble1 it is necessary to avoid severe fatigue4 ,the amount and character of exercise should be suited to the condition of the patient2 while1 most important of all1 the strictest abstinence from sexual intercourse should be observed4 ,to those who are unable readily to obtain the ,fountain ,syringe above recommended we can send by mail1 post-paid1 one of these instruments on receipt of #b4jj4 ,a ,soft ,rubber-bulb1 or ,pump ,syringe 7illustrated in ,fig4 #g71 not so good for making vaginal injections1 can be sent by us1 post-paid1 for from #ge;cts4 to #a4ej1 the price varying with the quality and size4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sterility4 7,,barrenness47 ,real sentiment and interest center in fecundity1 since the desires and happiness of mankind are consummated in marriage and procreation4 ,how dreary would life be without love1 companionship1 and the family6 ,how precious are the ties that bind our hearts to father1 mother1 daughter1 and son6 ,the love of children is innate in the heart of every true man and woman4 ,each child born supplements the lives of its parents with new interest1 awakens tender concern1 and unites their sympathies with its young life4 ,how dreary is the thought that one may attain a ripe old age with neither son nor daughter to smooth the decline of life1 or sorrow for his or her departure6 ,how many women desire a first-born of love1 the idol of their waiting hearts1 a soul1 which shall be begotten within1 clothed with their own nature1 and yet immortal6 ,it is a natural instinct1 this yearning of the heart for offspring2 and yet little is said upon this subject1 in which so much is experienced4 ,all that is beautiful and lovely in woman1 finds its climax in motherhood4 ,what earthly being do we love so devotedly as our mother8 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,men and women exhibit but little concern1 mere idle curiosity1 perhaps1 on this subject1 unless1 perchance1 there is no evidence of their own reproductive powers4 ,if1 however1 these appear to be deficient1 then few topics are more deeply interesting or investigated with greater personal solicitude4 ,such persons will seldom submit their condition to the family physician1 for it is a delicate subject1 involving personal considerations1 and1 therefor1 they prefer to consult with one who cannot connect their unfortunate situation with any of the incidents which enter into the history of their lives4 ,this is very natural1 and sometimes is the only way to keep private matters profoundly secret4 ,being widely known as specialists1 devoting our undivided attention to chronic affections1 and having unusual facilities for the investigation and management of such cases1 we have been applied to in innumerable instances1 to ascertain the causes of barrenness and effect its removal4 ,it is admitted that the question of a woman's sterility is practically decided in the first three years of married life1 for statistics show that less than ten out of a hundred women who do not indicate their fertility in the first three years of wedlock ever bear children4 ,we have treated many who gave no evidence of fertility for a much longer period of married life1 and who afterwards gave birth to children4 ,we are unable to state the proper ratio of the number of the married who are childless2 much less have we the right to assume that all who decline the responsibilities of motherhood are necessarily barren4 ,,causes4 ,the causes of barrenness may be obliteration of the canal of the neck of the womb1 sealing up of its mouth1 or inflammation resulting in adhesion of the walls of the vagina1 thus obstructing the passage to the uterus4 ,in the latter case1 the vagina forms a short1 closed sac4 ,in some instances1 the vaginal passage cannot be entered in consequence of an imperforate hymen4 ,again1 the cause of barrenness may either be a diseased condition of the ovaries1 preventing them from maturing healthy germs1 or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the neck of the uterus1 which does not render conception impossible1 but improbable4 ,it is one of the most common causes of unfruitfulness1 because the female seldom1 if ever1 recovers from it spontaneously4 ,it has been known to exist for twenty or thirty years4 ,chronic inflammation of the vagina also gives rise to acrid secretions1 which destroy the vitality of the spermatozoa4 ,suppression of the menses1 or any disorder of the uterine functions1 may disqualify the female for reproduction4 ,flexions of the uterus1 displacements1 congestions1 and local debility1 may likewise prevent fertility4 ,sterility may result from impaired ovarian innervation or undue excitement of the nerves1 either of which deranges the process of ovulation4 ,even too frequent indulgence in marital pleasures sometimes defeats conception4 ,prostitutes who indulge in excessive and promiscuous sexual intercourse1 seldom become pregnant4 ,any thing that enfeebles the functional powers of the system is liable to disqualify the female for reproduction4 ,,treatment4 ,an extensive observation and experience in the treatment of sterility1 convinces us that1 in the majority of cases1 barrenness is due to some form of disease which can be easily remedied4 ,if the passages through the neck of the uterus be closed or contracted1 and this is the most frequent cause of sterility1 a very delicate surgical operation1 which causes little if any pain or inconvenience to the patient1 will remove the impediment to fertility4 ,in many of these cases1 we have succeeded in removing the contraction and stricture of the neck of the womb by dilatation4 ,when the vaginal walls are so firmly united as to prevent copulation1 a surgical operation may be necessary to overcome their adhesion4 ,when the hymen obstructs the vaginal orifice1 a similar operation may be necessary to divide it4 ,vaginismus1 which will be treated elsewhere1 sometimes causes sterility4 ,it is proper that we should suggest to the barren1 that if sexual intercourse be indulged in only very abstemiously1 conception will be more likely to occur than if moderation be not exercised4 ,we may also very properly allude to the fact that there is greater aptitude to fecundation immediately before and soon after the menstrual periods than at other times4 ,in fact1 many medical men believe that it is impossible for conception to occur from the twelfth day following menstruation up to within two or three days of the return of the menses4 ,,elongation ,,of ,,the ,,neck ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,an elongated condition of the neck of the womb1 illustrated by ,fig4 #i1 is frequently a cause of sterility4 ,if this part is elongated1 slim and pointed1 as shown in the illustration1 it is apt to curve or bend upon itself1 thus constricting the passage through it and preventing the transit of seminal fluid into the womb4 ,an eminent author says1 ,even a slight degree of elongation1 in which the cervix1 or neck1 has a conical shape1 has been observed to be frequently followed by that condition sterility4 ,our own observations1 embracing the examination of hundreds of sterile women annually1 lead us to believe that this condition is among the common causes of barrenness4 ,but1 fortunately1 it is one of those most easily overcome4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,conoid ,neck4 ,,treatment4 ,if the neck is only slightly elongated1 this consists in dividing the slim projecting part1 by the use of the hysterotome1 ,if it be a more aggravated case1 a portion of the womb must be removed4 ,this operation is perfectly safe and simple1 and1 strange as it may seem to those who are not familiar with operations upon the womb1 is not painful4 ,we have never seen any bad results follow it1 but have known it to be the means of rendering numerous barren women fruitful4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,flexion1 u1 ,uterus1 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,version1 u1 ,uterus1 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,,flexions ,,and ,,versions ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,flexion of the uterus1 in which it is bent upon itself1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #aj1 produces a bending of the cervical canal1 constricting or obliterating it1 and thus preventing the passage of spermatozoa through it4 ,version of the uterus in which its top1 or fundus1 falls either forward against the bladder 7anteversion71 as illustrated in ,fig4 #aa1 or backward against the rectum 7retroversion71 may close the mouth of the uterus by firmly pressing it against the wall of the vaginal canal1 and thus prevent the passage of spermatozoa into the womb4 ',the treatment of these several displacements will be considered hereafter4 ,we may here remark1 however1 that they can be remedied by proper treatment4 ,our mechanical movements1 manipulations1 and kneadings are invaluable aids in correcting these displacements4 ,,disease ,,of ,,the ,,ovaries4 ,sterility may be due to disease of the ovaries4 ,chronic inflammation of the ovaries may result from uterine disorders or peritonitis1 and is commonly attended with a sense of fullness and tenderness1 and pain in the ovarian region4 ,these symptoms are more apparent upon slight pressure1 or during menstruation4 ,this disease is curable1 although it may require considerable time to perfectly restore the health4 ,when this chronic affection is the result of other derangements1 the indications are to restore health in the contiguous organs1 and to relieve excessive congestion and nervous excitement in the ovaries4 ,the patient should be very quiet during the menstrual period and avoid severe exercise or fatiguing occupations1 not only at those periods1 but during the intervals4 ,all measures calculated to improve the general health should be adopted4 ,use injections of warm water1 medicated with borax1 soda1 and glycerine1 in the vagina every night and morning4 ,the surface of the body should be kept clean by the daily employment of hand-baths1 followed by brisk friction4 ,the bowels1 if constipated1 should be regulated as suggested for constipation4 ,the system should be strengthened by ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 and1 if the blood be disordered1 no better alterative can be found for domestic use than ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,if the patient does not in a few months improve under this treatment1 the case should be placed under the immediate care of some physician well qualified by education and experience to critically examine and successfully treat this affection4 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,and ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,uterus1 ,a ,,cause ,,of ,,sterility4 ,when enumerating the causes of barrenness we mentioned that chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and neck of the womb was the most common affection that defeats conception4 ,of all diseases of female organs1 this is1 without doubt1 the most common1 and1 since it does not at first produce great inconvenience or immediately endanger life1 it does not excite the attention which its importance demands4 ,it is overlooked1 and1 when the attention is directed to the existence of this long-neglected disease it appears so trivial that it is not regarded as being the real cause of infertility in the patient4 ,when this disease has existed for a long time1 the very structure of the parts involved becomes changed4 ,the glands of the cervical membrane secrete a glairy mucus1 resembling the white1 or albuminous part of an egg4 ,the secretion is thick and ropy1 and fills the entire mouth and neck of the uterus1 thus preventing the entrance of the spermatozoa4 ,the mucous membrane becomes thickened1 the inflammation extends to the deeper structures1 and1 on examination through the speculum1 we find the mouth of the uterus inflamed1 hardened1 and enlarged1 as represented in ,fig4 #bb1 ,colored ,plate ,,iv1 or in ,fig4 #bc of same plate4 ,fig4 #be1 ,plate ,,iv1 shows the mucous follicles just as they are found all along the neck of the womb1 in a state of inflammation and enlargement1 and filled with a fluid resembling honey1 giving rise to ulceration and a thick discharge1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #bc1 ,colored ,plate ,,iv4 ,feebleness of the constitution1 impoverishment of the blood1 a scrofulous diathesis1 want of exercise1 uncleanliness1 tight lacing1 disappointment1 excessive excitement of the passions1 the use of pessaries for displacement of the uterus1 overwork1 and taking cold1 all predispose the cervical membrane to chronic ulceration4 ,the inflammation may be so mild1 and the discharge so trifling in quantity1 as scarcely to attract attention4 ,but after it obtains a firmer hold1 and1 in most cases1 it is aggravated by exposure or neglect1 the patient experiences dragging sensations about the pelvis1 and pain in back and loins1 accompanied with a bearing-down sensation and numbness or pain extending to the thighs4 ,the discharge is thick1 starch-like1 and generally irritating4 ,the patient becomes irascible1 capricious1 querulous1 and sometimes moody and hysterical4 ,she is easily discouraged1 her appetite and digestion become impaired1 and she grows thin and does not look or act as when in health4 ,,treatment4 ,in offering a few hints for the domestic management of these abnormal conditions1 we would at the same time remark1 that1 while health may be regained by skillful treatment1 recovery will be gradual4 ,we especially wish to guard the patient against entertaining too strong expectations of a speedy recovery4 ,although she may employ the best treatment known1 yet from three to five months may elapse before a perfect cure can be effected4 ,in persons of scrofulous diathesis1 in whom the recuperative forces are weakened1 it is very difficult to effect a radical cure4 ,it is equally true1 however1 that under domestic management alone1 thousands have been restored to perfect health and fruitfulness4 ,hygienic management consists in toning the functions of the skin by daily bathing the surface of the body1 and quickening the circulation by brisk friction4 ,the patient should rise early in the morning1 and exercise in the fresh and invigorating air4 ,those who sleep in warm rooms1 or spend much of their time in bed1 will continue to have congestion of the uterus1 and habitual discharges from this enfeebled organ4 ,the patient should take daily walks1 increasing the length of the excursion from time to time1 but not to the extent of producing fatigue4 ,the bowels1 if constipated1 should be regulated4 ,strengthen the system by using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 to each bottle of which add two drachms of citrate or pyrophosphate of iron4 ,the mouth and neck of the uterus should be thoroughly cleansed by the use of the syringe1 as suggested for the treatment of leucorrhea4 ,the use of the solution of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,purifying and ,strengthening ,lotion ,tablets there advised will also be beneficial1 if thoroughly applied4 ,a most valuable course of local treatment1 which may be adopted by any intelligent lady without the aid of a physician1 and one that will result in the greatest benefit when there is morbid sensibility1 congestion1 inflammation1 or ulceration about the mouth or neck of the womb1 consists in applying to those parts a roll of medicated cotton or soft sponge1 allowing it to remain there for twelve hours at a time4 ,a piece of fine1 soft1 compressible sponge1 as large as a hen's egg1 or a roll of cotton batting of two-thirds that size1 is thoroughly saturated with pure glycerine4 ,securely fasten to it a stout cord a few inches long4 ,the vagina and affected parts having been thoroughly cleansed with warm water and ,castile soap1 as advised in the treatment of leucorrhea1 the sponge or cotton should be passed up the vagina with the finger1 and pressed rather firmly against the mouth and neck of the womb1 which1 being enlarged1 and1 consequently falling below its natural position1 will generally be low down in the vagina1 and so hardened as to be unmistakably distinguished from the surrounding parts by the sense of touch4 ,the glycerine1 having a very strong affinity for water1 will absorb large quantities of the serum1 which has been effused into the affected tissues in consequence of their congestion and inflammation1 and thus reduce the inflammation and enlargement4 ,this is the cause of the profuse1 watery discharge which follows the application4 ,in twelve hours after the sponge or cotton has been applied1 it should be removed by means of the attached thread1 one end of which has been purposely left hanging out of the vagina4 ,then thoroughly cleanse the vagina with warm water1 use the solution of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,lotion ,tablets as suggested for the treatment of leucorrhea1 and repeat the glycerine application the following day or every other day4 ,if there is no irritation or tenderness of the vagina1 add one drachm of tincture of iodine to each ounce of the glycerine1 alternating the use of this with that of pure glycerine2 or1 the iodine and glycerine may be used every third day1 and the glycerine alone on the two intervening days4 ,as the iodine will color the finger somewhat1 it is well to know that this unpleasant effect may be almost or entirely avoided by coating that member with lard1 sweet oil1 or vaseline4 ,the stain may be readily removed with a solution of iodide of potassium4 ,the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,antiseptic and ,healing ,suppositories as advised on an other page under the head of ,ulceration of the ,uterus will aid greatly in effecting a cure4 ,if your medicine dealer does not have these ,suppositories in stock1 mail #be cents in stamps to ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and a box will be sent you by return post4 ,it is well to alternate ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 taking of each three times a day4 ,by persevering in this course of treatment1 nine-tenths of those who are thus afflicted will improve and be fully restored to health1 fruitfulness and happiness4 ,if barrenness continue1 the case should be unreservedly submitted1 either in person or by letter1 to a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of these affections4 ,from the foregoing remarks1 the reader will perceive that there are a variety of diseased conditions1 any one of which may produce sterility4 ,it is equally true that nearly all these conditions may be easily cured by proper medical or surgical treatment4 ,a frequent cause of barrenness is stricture of the neck of the uterus4 ,no medicine that a woman can take or have applied will remove this unnatural condition4 ,fortunately1 however1 the means to be employed cause no pain1 are perfectly safe1 and the time required to effect a cure is short1 rarely over twenty or thirty days4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,displacements ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,the relative positions of the womb and surrounding organs1 when in a state of health1 are well illustrated by ,fig4 #a1 page #fhj4 ,the womb is supported in its place by resting upon the vaginal walls1 and by a broad ligament on either side1 as well as by other connective tissues4 ,by general debility of the system1 the supports of the womb1 like the other tissues of the body1 become weakened and inadequate to perfectly perform their duty1 thus permitting various displacements of that organ4 ,,prolapsus1 ,,or ,,falling ,,of ,,the ,,uterus1 is a common form of displacement4 ,it has been erroneously regarded as a local uterine disease1 requiring only local treatment instead of being considered as a symptom of general derangement1 and1 therefore1 requiring constitutional treatment4 ,hence1 variously devised supporters have been invented to retain the womb in position after its replacement4 ,it is a law of physiology1 that the muscular system is strengthened by use1 and that want of exercise weakens it4 ,the blacksmith's arm is strengthened and developed by daily exercise4 ,support his arm in a sling1 and the muscles will be greatly weakened and wasted4 ,so when artificial supports are used to retain the womb in position1 thereby relieving the supporting ligaments and tissues of their normal function1 the natural supports of the uterus are still further weakened1 and the prolapsus will be worse than before when the artificial support is removed4 ,besides1 all these mechanical contrivances are irritating to the tissues of the womb and vagina1 and frequently produce congestion1 inflammation1 and even ulceration1 thus rendering the patient's condition much worse than before their employment4 ,these worse than useless appliances should never be resorted to for the temporary relief which they sometimes afford4 ,constitutional treatment together with appropriate applications is the only effectual method of remedying this morbid condition4 ,,symptoms4 ,when the displacement is sufficient to cause any serious disturbance1 the prominent symptoms are a sensation of dragging and weight in the region of the womb1 pain in the back and loins1 inability to lift weights1 great fatigue from walking1 leucorrhea1 a frequent desire to urinate1 irritation of the lower bowel1 and derangement of the stomach4 ,the womb may protrude from the vaginal orifice2 in very rare cases1 wholly protrudes1 and may be inverted4 ,,causes4 ,as we have already stated1 general debility favors prolapsus of the womb1 but various general and local circumstances and conditions also favor its occurrence4 ,wearing heavy garments supported only by the hips1 compressing the waist and abdomen with tight clothing1 thus forcing the abdominal organs down upon the womb1 are fruitful causes of this affection4 ,excesses in sexual intercourse give rise to leucorrhea1 producing a relaxed condition of the vagina1 upon which the womb rests1 and1 in this way1 one of its supports is weakened4 ,enlargement of the uterus from congestion1 and inflammation or tumors also favor prolapsus4 ,abortion may leave the womb enlarged1 its supports weakened1 and result in this displacement4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,retroflexion1 ,u1 ,uterus 7,womb71 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,,flexions ,,and ,,versions4 ,instead of sliding down into the vagina1 as in prolapsus1 the uterus is liable to fall or be forced into other unnatural positions4 ,when the uterus is bent upon itself1 it is called flexion4 ,if the bending is backward1 it is called retroflexion2 if forward1 anteflexion4 ,fig4 #ab1 represents the former condition1 the uterus being flexed backward so that the fundus1 or upper part of the womb1 is pressed against the rectum1 while the neck of the uterus remains in its natural position4 ,this is a common form of displacement1 and generally occurs between the ages of fourteen and fifty4 ,,symptoms4 ,the prominent symptoms of retroflexion of the uterus are a sense of weight in the region of the rectum1 difficulty in evacuating the bowels1 and1 sometimes a retention of the feces4 ,there may be suppression of the urine and the menses may be diminished in quantity4 ,if retroflexion is due to a chronic enlargement of the uterus1 caused by abortion or parturition1 the patient suffers from an immoderate menstrual flow4 ,,causes4 ,the principal causes of retroflexion are congestion1 enlargement and tumors of the uterus4 ,congestion is liable to occur in women possessing an extremely active temperament1 as well as in those of sedentary and indolent habits4 ,retroflexion is a common displacement in both married and unmarried women2 it is a secondary affection1 and1 when it is caused by congestion1 the menses are painful and reduced in quantity1 and there is pain in the back and a sense of weight in the region of the rectum4 ,in some instances1 there is a reflex irritation of the mammary glands1 and a consequent secretion of milk4 ,there may also be nausea and vomiting1 which often lead to the erroneous opinion that the patient is pregnant4 ,anteflexion of the uterus denotes a bending forward of the body and fundus of the uterus1 while the neck remains in its natural position4 ,in versions of the uterus1 neither the body nor the neck of the womb is bent upon itself1 but the whole organ is completely turned backward or forward4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,retroversion4 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,u1 ,uterus 7,womb74 ,retroversion of the uterus1 illustrated by ,fig4 #ac1 signifies a change in the position of the womb1 so that the upper1 or fundal portion of the organ drops back toward the concavity of the sacrum1 while the neck preserves a straight line in the opposite direction4 ,the fundus presses forcibly against the rectum1 while the upper part of the vagina bends abruptly and forms an acute angle near the mouth of the uterus4 ,,symptoms4 ,retroversion is indicated by bearing-down pains in the loins and difficulty in evacuating the bowels4 ,the feces may accumulate in the rectum1 because they cannot pass this obstruction4 ,,causes4 ,jumping1 falling1 or undue pressure from the contents of the abdomen1 may suddenly cause retroversion of the uterus4 ,sometimes retroversion results from obstinate constipation4 ,anteversion4 ,this term designates another unnatural position of the uterus1 in which the fundus1 or upper part of the organ1 falls forward1 as illustrated by ,fig4 #ad1 while the neck points towards the hollow of the sacrum4 ,this position of the womb is the reverse of that of retroversion4 ,in its natural position1 the fundus of the uterus is slightly inclined forward1 and any pressure1 or forward traction1 is liable to cause it to fall still further in that direction4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,anteversion1 ,u1 ,uterus1 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,,symptoms4 ,one of the most common symptoms of anteversion is a frequent desire to urinate1 in consequence of the pressure of the uterus upon the bladder4 ,the free flow of the menses is sometimes obstructed4 ,,causes4 ,the causes are tight lacing1 prolapse of the abdominal organs1 weakness of the supporting ligaments1 and enervating habits4 ,,treatment4 ,in treating all the various displacements of the uterus1 the prominent indication is to tone up the general system1 for by so doing we also strengthen the uterine supports4 ,digestion should be improved1 the blood enriched1 and nutrition increased1 so that the muscles and ligaments which retain the womb in position may become firm and strong4 ,the womb will thus be gradually drawn into position by their normal action and firmly supported4 ,it is a great mistake1 made by physicians as well as patients1 to consider a displacement of the uterus a local disease1 requiring only local treatment4 ,a restoration of the general health will result in the cure of these displacements1 the uterus will regain its tone and muscular power1 and the local derangement1 with its attendant pain and morbid symptoms1 will disappear4 ,it is true that displacements of the womb may be associated with inflammation and ulcers1 which require local treatment1 as elsewhere suggested2 but simple displacement of the uterus may be remedied by pursuing the following course of sanitary and medical treatment4 ,sleep on a hard bed1 rise early1 bathe1 and take a short walk before breakfast4 ,dress the body warmly and allow sufficient space for the easy and full expansion of the lungs4 ,eat moderately three meals a day1 of those articles which are nutritious and readily digested4 ,keep the bowels regular by the use of proper food4 ,if they are constipated1 use ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets to keep them open and regular4 ,avoid retaining the standing position too long at a time1 especially when the symptoms are aggravated by it4 ,many energetic women disregard their increasing pains1 and keep upon their feet as long as possible4 ,such a course is extremely injurious and should be avoided4 ,as a general restorative and uterine tonic1 nothing surpasses ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which is sold by druggists and accompanied with full directions for use4 ,if leucorrhea is an attendant symptom1 the treatment suggested for that condition should be employed4 ,the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,antiseptic and ,healing ,suppositories1 applying one every third night ,after having first cleansed the vagina and neck of the womb thoroughly by the use of warm water and soap as an injection1 will prove of great benefit in giving strength to the supports of the womb and its appendages4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,fig4 #ba4 ,fig4 #bc4 ,fig4 #bd4 ,fig4 #be4 ,fig4 #bf4 ,by persevering in the rational treatment which we have suggested for the various displacements of the womb1 nearly all who suffer from such derangements may be fully restored to health4 ,the patient should not expect speedy relief4 ,considerable time will be necessary to bring the general system up to a perfect standard of health1 and1 until this is accomplished1 no great improvement in the distressing symptoms can be expected4 ,mechanical movements are especially effective in this class of cases4 ,we have successfully treated many obstinate cases in which the displacements were very serious4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,uterus4 ,ulceration is the process by which ulcers1 or sores1 are produced4 ,it is characterized by the secretion of pus or some fetid discharge1 and is continued as a local disease through the operation of constitutional causes4 ,ulcers are generally symptoms of other morbid conditions4 ,ulcers may form in the mouth or neck of the uterus1 and1 omitting cancerous ulcers and those of a syphilitic character1 which are considered elsewhere1 may be classified as ,granular and ,follicular4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,the ,ferguson ,speculum4 ,,granular ,,ulcer4 ,this variety of ulcerative degeneration is the most frequent1 and may exist for some time without exciting any suspicion in the mind of the patient that she is afflicted with any such morbid condition4 ,there is local inflammation1 and the mouth of the uterus is uneven1 rough1 and granular4 ,if an examination be made with the speculum1 the mouth of the uterus is often found in the condition represented in ,fig4 #bb1 ,colored ,plate ,,iv4 ,figs #ae and #af represent two different forms of specula4 ,the one represented by ,fig4 #ae consists of a tube of glass coated with quicksilver and covered with ,india rubber1 which is thoroughly varnished4 ,that represented by ,fig4 #ah is made of metal and plated4 ,by using one of these instruments1 the condition of the mouth of the womb can be distinctly seen4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,an ,expanding ,uterine ,speculum4 ,,follicular ,,ulcer4 ,when the mucous follicles of the neck of the uterus are inflamed they enlarge and become filled with a fluid having the color and consistency of honey1 presenting the appearance illustrated by ,fig4 #be1 ,colored ,plato ,,iv4 ,this secretion1 because of the presence of the ,inflammation1 is not discharged4 ,the follicles1 therefore1 continue to enlarge until they burst1 and we then see in their place the red1 elevated1 angry-looking eminence1 which is called a follicular ulcer4 ,,symptoms4 ,the severity of the symptoms depends upon the character of the ulceration4 ,it may be simple or associated with purulent leucorrhea and hemorrhage4 ,if ulceration be slight and local1 few symptoms will be present2 but if it be associated with uterine debility1 congestion and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus1 the discharge will be profuse1 and there will be fixed pain in the back and loins1 a bearing-down sensation1 and great difficulty in walking4 ,the discharge is weakening1 as it impoverishes the blood1 and thus reduces the strength4 ,,causes4 ,ulceration may be induced by any thing that excites inflammation of the lining membrane of the mouth and neck of the uterus4 ,the use of pessaries1 excessive sexual indulgence1 injuries occasioned by giving birth to children1 congestions1 enlargements and displacements1 may all operate as causes4 ,,treatment4 ,we cannot too strongly condemn the practice so popular at the present time with physicians generally1 of indiscriminately burning all uterine ulcers with strong caustics1 such as nitrate of silver1 chromate of potassium1 and other similar escharotics1 regardless of the condition of the general system4 ,ulcers of the womb must be healed in the same manner as those upon any other part of the body4 ,it is an irrational practice to repeatedly cauterize them1 expecting thereby to promote healing1 while the system is vitiated and the vitality far below the standard of health4 ,enrich the blood1 tone up the system1 keep the ulcers cleansed by the frequent use of lotions1 and they will generally heal4 ,caustics often aggravate the irritability and interfere with the healing processes of nature4 ,ladies should not unnecessarily submit to the exposure of their persons4 ,if they perseveringly employ the treatment which we shall suggest1 other local treatment will very rarely be found necessary4 ,this modern warfare which physicians are waging upon the unoffending womb is a most irrational practice4 ,our grandmothers got along very well without exposing themselves to the humiliation and tortures of this new-born empiricism4 ,we do not wish to be understood as undervaluing or denying the necessity1 in rare cases1 of examinations of the uterus1 or as being unappreciative of the aid afforded in such investigations by the speculum1 and the beneficial effects of local applications made directly to the womb through that instrument4 ,what we affirm is1 that such examinations and applications are1 in the practice of most modern physicians1 made unnecessarily frequent1 resulting many times in lasting injury to the patient4 ,,general ,,means4 ,as has already been indicated1 constitutional treatment should be principally relied upon to cure ulceration of the neck of the womb4 ,put the system in perfect order and the local ulceration cannot fail to heal4 ,if you have a sore or ulcer upon the leg you very naturally reason that there is a fault in the system at large or in the blood4 ,you do not apply caustics to the sore1 but you go to work to restore the blood and system to a normal or healthy condition and as soon as this is accomplished the open and rebellious sore1 or ulcer1 heals of its own accord4 ,all you have to do locally1 to stimulate the ulcer to heal1 is to keep it well cleansed by the use of ,castile soap and warm water4 ,just so with ulceration of the womb4 ,thoroughly cleanse the vagina and neck of the womb once a day by the use of warm water and a little soap1 applying this thoroughly1 as directed on page #gjd1 under the head of treatment for leucorrhea1 and using a solution of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,purifying and ,strengthening ,lotion ,tablets as there directed4 ,after thus thoroughly cleansing and purifying the parts1 a piece of soft sponge as large as a hen's egg1 to which a bit of cord or strong thread is attached to facilitate removing it1 may be thoroughly wet in pure glycerine and introduced into the vagina1 pressed against the mouth of the womb1 and allowed to remain there for twelve hours1 when it should be gently removed by pulling on the attached string4 ,the cleansing lotion of soap and warm water should be used daily and followed by the glycerine application4 ,every third night instead of the glycerine tampon apply one of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,antiseptic and ,healing ,suppositories1 pressing it well up against the mouth of the womb1 and letting it remain there to slowly dissolve4 ,this will give far better curative results than the application of nitrate of silver or other caustics so generally used by physicians4 ,besides it has the great advantage of being entirely harmless in any condition of the parts to which it is applied4 ,these ,suppositories are powerfully antiseptic1 destroying all offensive odors and have a soothing and at the same time tonic or strengthening effect upon the neck of the womb and the vagina4 ,in cases where there is prolapsus or falling of the womb1 or ,anteversion or ,retroversion1 or other displacements the use of the ,antiseptic and ,healing ,suppositories will be found to be of great benefit in giving strength to the supports of the womb and its appendages4 ,if your dealer is not supplied with the ,suppositories1 inclose #be cents in one-cent stamps to us at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and a package will be sent you1 post-paid4 ,we are fully aware that this thorough and systematic course of treatment is slightly troublesome in its application1 but what system of treatment that can promise similar success is not8 ,this course of treatment must be rigidly adhered to for several weeks before we can expect a complete cure of the ulcers and the arrest of the consequent leucorrheal discharge4 ,,the ,,sheet ,,anchor ,,of ,,hope4 ,do not fail to bear in mind that no difference how good the lotions and other local applications may be1 your chief reliance in all cases of ulceration of the womb1 as well as in those of simple leucorrhea1 must be upon thorough constitutional treatment4 ,to this end ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery should be taken three times a day in doses of from one to one-and-a-half teaspoonfuls one hour before each meal1 and in the middle of the forenoon1 in the middle of the afternoon1 and just before retiring for the night1 a like amount of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription should be taken4 ,the use of these blood cleansing and invigorating tonic medicines should be kept up persistently for several weeks2 for you must not expect a perfect cure too soon in a malady that has become chronic and seated4 ,the disease does not become established hastily1 but is slow in its inception and progress1 and will only gradually and slowly yield to the best of treatment1 which we believe we have already pointed out4 ,followed earnestly1 faithfully and persistently1 the use of the means which we have suggested will rarely1 if ever1 fail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,urinary ,,fistula4 ,a fistula1 or false passage1 is sometimes formed between the bladder and the vagina1 between the bladder and the uterus1 or between the urethra and the vagina4 ,this passage allows the urine to escape through it into the vagina1 and is a source of great annoyance and suffering4 ,this affection is most commonly due to sloughing1 caused by severe and long-continued pressure upon the parts during child-labor4 ,it is also sometimes produced by the unskillful use of forceps and other instruments employed by midwives4 ,syphilitic and other ulcerations may so destroy the tissues as to form a urinary fistula4 ,,treatment4 ,the treatment is purely surgical1 and consists in paring the edges of the opening so as to make them raw1 bringing them together and holding the parts thus by means of stitches until they heal4 ,by the aid of a speculum1 properly curved scissors1 needles with long handles1 fine silver wire1 and a few other instruments and appliances1 the skillful surgeon can close a urinary fistula with almost as much ease as he can close a wound on the surface of the body4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,disorders ,,incident ,,to ,,pregnancy4 ,while some women pass through the whole period of pregnancy without inconvenience1 others suffer from various sympathetic disturbances1 as morning sickness1 impaired appetite1 constipation1 diarrhea1 headache1 heart-burn1 fainting fits1 difficult breathing1 and sometimes convulsions4 ,a strong nervous sympathy exists between the uterus and every part of the system and this sympathy is greatly intensified by pregnancy1 causing the distressing symptoms above mentioned4 ,,treatment4 ,by proper treatment1 most of these evils can be obviated and the patient made comfortable4 ,by the moderate use of such a nervine and uterine tonic as ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 this nervous irritability may be controlled or subdued1 and the disagreeable symptoms thus avoided4 ,while the female is pregnant1 she should avoid all compression of the waist and abdomen4 ,for this reason tight clothing1 stays1 or corsets must be discarded4 ,she should also carefully regulate her diet1 selecting that which is most nutritious and easily digested4 ,the nausea which occurs in the morning may generally be avoided by partaking of a little light food and a cup of tea or coffee before leaving the bed4 ,if vomiting occurs1 and the ejected matter be very acid1 carbonate of magnesia1 taken in tablespoonful doses1 or some alkali with aromatics1 or pulverized charcoal1 which can be obtained at any drug store1 will afford relief4 ,if constipation or diarrhea be experienced1 small doses of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pellets should be employed--one or two only at a time4 ,want of appetite1 headache1 or a tendency to convulsions1 can be generally overcome by a persistent use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which should be taken in teaspoonful doses three or four times each day4 ,indeed1 this valuable medicine not only relieves the distressing symptoms which frequently attend the pregnant state1 but also prepares the system for the ordeal of parturition 7delivery74 ,one or two bottles of this nervine and tonic used previous to confinement1 will1 in many cases1 save hours of terrible suffering1 besides regulating the system1 and thus insuring a speedy recovery4 ,we have received the heartfelt thanks of hundreds of grateful mothers for the inestimable benefit thus conferred4 ,the ,favorite ,prescription is perfectly safe and harmless to use at all times and under all circumstances in the doses above prescribed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ovarian ,,and ,,uterine ,,tumors4 ,we have space only to give a brief outline of the characteristics and treatment of the most frequent classes of tumors which affect the ovaries and uterus4 ,,ovarian ,,tumors generally consist of one or more cysts or sacs1 developed within the ovary1 and filled with a fluid1 or semi-fluid matter1 which is formed in their interior4 ,the cysts vary in size1 in some instances being not larger than a pea1 while in others they are capable of containing many quarts of fluid4 ,in one case operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 thirty-five pints of fluid were taken from three cysts4 ,the effect of ovarian tumors on the duration of life is shown by the statistics of ,stafford ,lee4 ,of #abc cases1 nearly a third died within a year1 more than one-half within two years from the first development of reliable symptoms1 while only seventeen lived for nine years or upwards4 ,,fibroid ,,tumors of the uterus are composed of fibrous tissue1 identical in structure with that of the uterine walls4 ,they are met with in all sizes1 from that of a small shot to that of a mass capable of filling the entire cavity of the abdomen4 ,cases are on record in which these tumors have attained the weight of seventy pounds4 ,the manner in which fibroid tumors terminate life is generally by prostration and debility produced by pressure on1 and consequently1 interference with1 the function of some one or more of the organs essential to life2 or by anmia and debility1 produced by the severe hemorrhages1 which the intra-uterine or sub-mucous form not infrequently induces4 ,,polypi ,,or ,,polypoid ,,tumors of the uterus are of three kinds1 cystic1 mucous and fibrous4 ,they vary greatly in size1 sometimes being as large as a tea-cup2 and their point of attachment may be extensive or consist only of a small pedicle4 ,the cystic and mucous varieties may spring from any portion of the mucous surface of the uterus1 but they are more frequently met with growing from the mucous membrane lining the cervical canal1 and pendent from the mouth of the womb1 as represented in ,fig4 #ba and in ,fig4 #bf1 ,colored ,plate ,,iv2 while the fibrous variety generally grows from the sub-mucous tissue at or near the fundus1 or upper portion1 of the uterus4 ,the most prominent symptoms of polypoid growths are hemorrhage1 which is almost invariably present1 leucorrhea1 pain1 backache1 and a sense of weight and dragging in the pelvis4 ,the best method of treatment1 and1 in fact1 the only effectual one1 is removal with the craseur1 polypus forceps1 or galvano-cautery4 ,the operation is usually attended with little or no pain4 ,,for ,,more ,,than ,,twenty-,,five ,,years the physicians of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 have been successfully treating tumors by means of electricity4 ,more recently1 the medical profession has quite generally adopted electrical applications in response to the advice of ,apostoli1 of ,paris4 ,the plan used however is crude4 ,it does not compare in results with the successful and safe procedure that our surgeons have invented and pursued4 ,electrical treatment will destroy the life of ovarian and fibroid tumors if applied early and after the improved methods so long used at our ,institution4 ,the destructive effect of electricity is modified by the introduction of certain electro-chemical applications so that it attacks and kills only the cells of the tumor4 ,,the ,,very ,,large ,,ovarian ,,tumors1 however1 are not amenable to treatment by this process4 ,the walls of their cysts become so thin and weak1 while the pressure of the fluid from within is so great1 that sudden and spontaneous rupture is liable to occur at any time and produce death4 ,removal by a cutting operation is necessary in such cases4 ,fortunately this procedure1 as skillfully modified and perfected by experience1 has1 in the hands of our surgeons1 proven free from the dangers and hazard common to ,ovariotomy4 ,this is due to skillful operation and to the fact that in our ,institution the sanitary arrangements are as perfect as it is possible to make them4 ,everything is at hand in the way of instruments and appliances likely to be required1 and the entire procedure is conducted upon the principles of perfect cleanliness and antisepsis1 which obviate the risk of inflammation and blood-poisoning4 ,furthermore1 our nurses have had such fine training and such a vast experience in their attendance upon such cases1 that wants are anticipated1 and details1 that would escape those not so well qualified1 are looked after so thoughtfully and vigilantly that the convalescence is rapid1 as well as being in every way comfortable and safe4 ,under such conditions ,,our ,,surgeons ,,have ,,completed ,a ,,long ,,list ,,of ,,removals ,,of ,,ovarian ,,tumors ,,without ,a ,,single ,,death6 ,we are1 therefore1 warranted in stating that ,,the ,,dangers ,,due ,,to ,,the ,,presence ,,of ,,these ,,tumors ,,are ,,far ,,greater ,,than ,,the ,,slight ,,risks ,,of ,,removal ,,by ,,the ,,skillful ,,methods ,,employed ,,by ,,our ,,surgeons4 ,owing to a change made in the ansthetic used1 the painful and persistent vomiting that often follows abdominal operations is prevented4 ,this does away with the greatest of all the dangers attendant upon the operation of ,ovariotomy1 and favors speedy recovery4 ,food1 as administered in the form of artificially digested and concentrated nourishment1 is readily retained4 ,the strength is thus rapidly restored1 and the healing process hastened4 ,it is generally supposed that the size of the opening made through the abdominal walls is large1 proportionate to the size of these tumors4 ,this is an error4 ,even in the largest cystic tumors where the development is immense1 a small incision only1 is made--simply sufficient to bring the walls of the tumor in view and admit1 perhaps1 two or three fingers4 ,the tumor is then rapidly emptied of its contents by means of a powerful suction apparatus4 ,adhesions1 if any exist1 are then carefully removed1 and hemorrhage therefrom prevented2 after which the large sac of the tumor1 which when collapsed is like a thin bag1 is readily drawn out through the small opening in the abdomen and removed4 ,the small pedicle or cord-like mass of vessels that supplies the tumor1 are then carefully treated after a plan invented by1 and peculiar to1 ourselves1 which effectually prevents any bleeding1 and1 at the same time1 does not leave any irritating substance1 such as burned and charred flesh1 rubber1 silk1 or any other unabsorbable material1 within the abdomen4 ,the parts are left unbruised and without any poisonous germs in contact4 ,our surgeons have met with phenomenal success in removing ,ovarian ,tumors1 by the operation of ,ovariotomy4 ,thus far1 in a career extending over a long period of time and embracing the removal of a long list of these morbid growths1 they have not had a single fatal case4 ,the following cases illustrate our method of treatment in a few of the many cases that have been under our care4 ,each case is typical of a class3 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,the shape and position of the ,tumor are shown by the dotted line4 ,,case ,i ,a married woman1 aged #ch4 ,had never given birth to a child4 ,about four years before coming under our observation1 she discovered a small bunch1 as she expressed it1 in the left ovarian region1 which gradually increased in size until1 when she consulted us1 it caused considerable pain in the region of the liver from pressure1 and interfered with respiration4 ,her general health was becoming much impaired4 ,she stated that she had consulted a prominent gynecologist in this city1 who had told her that the attachments of the tumor were so extensive that ovariotomy 7removal with the knife7 was out of the question1 and that1 therefore1 he could only give her palliative treatment4 ,this unfavorable prognosis only added mental anguish and despair to her physical suffering4 ,on examination1 we found a large multilocular cystic tumor1 represented by ,fig4 #ag1 with very thick walls1 extending from the left ovarian region obliquely upwards and to the right1 so that it pressed more upon the short ribs on the right side than it did upon the left1 but which filled the entire cavity of the abdomen4 ,the attachments1 as the doctor whom she had previously consulted had stated1 were so extensive that its removal with the knife could not be thought of4 ,we were not disposed1 however1 to give the case up as hopeless4 ,we told her that we would do what we could for her1 but as to what the result of our treatment would be1 we could not definitely say4 ,she placed her case in our hands1 and we resorted to the above described treatment4 ,she was treated two and three times per week for more than two months1 at the end of which time1 the tumor had decreased in size fully two-thirds4 ,it has ever since remained stationary1 and has given her no trouble or inconvenience whatever4 ,it is now seven years since we treated her4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,u1 ,uterus4 ,b1 ,bladder4 ,r1 ,rectum4 ,t1 ,tumor4 ,,case ,,ii4 ,a young lady of #bc2 unmarried4 ,about six months previous to consulting us1 she had discovered a tumor of about the size of an egg1 ,in the region of the left ovary1 which had been gradually increasing in size4 ,on examination1 we found the morbid growth to be about the size of a quart bowl1 and evidently composed of several cysts with thick walls4 ,she experienced no pain1 and but slight inconvenience from its presence1 but she was in great mental distress4 ,she was an only daughter1 and her mother had died a few years previously from the shock and hemorrhage resulting from an operation for the removal of a large ovarian tumor1 performed by the late lamented ,dr4 ,peaslee1 of ,new ,york4 ,the same course was pursued in this case1 and at the end of six weeks' treatment1 the tumor was reduced to the size of an egg1 and has remained so ever since1 now more than three years4 ,,case ,,iii4 ,a woman1#cg years of age2 married six years2 no children4 ,she had suffered for eight years from profuse menstruation and dysmenorrhea1 with a membranous discharge1 and1 for several months before consulting us1 she had experienced severe pain and a soreness in the pelvic organs4 ,her bowels were obstinately constipated1 it being next to impossible for her to have an evacuation1 and she possessed a pale and careworn countenance4 ,upon examination1 we discovered a hard1 incompressible tumor1 represented in ,fig4 #ah1 attached to the posterior wall of the uterus1 which caused anteversion of the womb1 and which pressed upon the rectum so as to produce great obstruction4 ,she was treated by means of electrolysis1 with injections into the substance of the growth1 for one month1 at the end of which she resumed home1 with the tumor reduced from the size of a pint bowl to the size of an egg1 and her health greatly improved4 ,after going home the tumor continued to grow less until1 at the end of a few months1 her home physicians could detect no trace of it1 and she has remained well since1 for more than five years4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,u1 ,uterus4 ,t1 ,tumor4 ,,case ,,iv4 ,a lady aged #cf3 married #ac years2 no children4 ,she complained of severe pain in the back and a frequent desire to urinate4 ,menstruation was profuse1 and the bowels were constipated4 ,on examination1 we found an inter-mural fibroid tumor1 represented in ,figs4 #ai1 developed in the anterior wall of the uterus1 and pressing upon the bladder4 ,the womb was enlarged1 measuring three inches in depth1 and was slightly anteflected4 ,a month's treatment1 with electrolysis and injections into the tumor1 arrested the growth and diminished the size more than one-half1 and caused the unpleasant symptoms to disappear4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,u1 ,uterus4 ,t1 ,tumor4 ,,case ,v4 ,a married lady1 #bf years of age2 had borne no children1 but had had several abortions1 brought about intentionally4 ,six months before consulting us1 a tumor1 about the size of an egg1 was discovered by her home physician4 ,it grew steadily from the time of its discovery until1 when we made an examination1 it was found to be about the size of an ordinary tea-cup4 ,it was developed in the posterior wall of the womb1 as represented in ,fig4 #bj4 ,three weeks' treatment reduced the tumor two thirds4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,u1 ,uterus4 ,p1 ,polypus4 ,,case ,,vi4 ,a widow lady1 aged #eb4 ,she was examined ten years ago by two of the most distinguished physicians of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 who pronounced her sufferings due to cancer of the uterus4 ,she was then suffering from repeated hemorrhages1 and other symptoms4 ,they gave her palliative treatment1 and told her that to interfere with the morbid growth would only shorten her life1 and that by leaving it alone she might live several years4 ,by and by the hemorrhages ceased and she passed the change of life1 but she continued to be troubled with a sensation of fullness in the pelvis1 pains in the back1 and frequent headaches4 ,on examination we found not a cancer1 but a large polypus1 as represented in ,fig4 #ba1 which had caused all the trouble4 ,it was quickly removed1 without pain1 and her health restored4 ,thus1 through an error of diagnosis1 she was made to suffer physically and mentally for ten1 long years of her life1 in constant dread of a horrible death4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,while we have a great cloud of witnesses testifying to the efficacy of our treatment of the diseases described in this volume1 yet for lack of space we can here introduce only the following3 ,,large ,,fibro-,,cystic ,,tumor4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,duke4 ,,pronounced ,,incurable ,,by ,,many ,,eminent ,,surgeons4 ,,health ,,restored ,,and ,,tumor ,,removed ,,without ,,cutting4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i cheerfully send you the following testimonial1 and hope it may induce some sick person to seek relief where it is sure to be found4 ,we never truly appreciate health until it forsakes us4 ,for six years1 ,i suffered all the tortures and fears attendant on the growth and development of a fibro-cystic tumor4 ,i tried to have the tumor removed1 but found it impossible4 ,i had the very best medical advice the ,south affords1 but every physician rendered the same verdict1 'incurable4' ,how that word1 for months1 rang in my ears--',,incurable4' ,it seemed stamped on my mind in letters of fire4 ,what ,i suffered1 both in mind and body1 cannot be imagined4 ,but for my unbounded faith in ,god's goodness and mercy1 ,i doubt not1 ,i would have given up and died4 ,but ,i trusted in ,him to direct me in the way to find relief4 ,one hope stood out before me like a beacon light2 and that was to find the means to go to ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 to ,dr4 ,pierce's famous ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,at last the opportunity came1 and ,i bid my loved ones a sad farewell1 7not one of them ever expected to see me again1 alive7 and with a sister to relieve me of every care on the journey1 we started for the ,institute4 ,on arriving at the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,i was too sick and fatigued to treat with civility the sweet-faced1 lady-like housekeeper who received me1 or the gentle nurses who tried so patiently and kindly to minister to my wants4 ,i had read a good deal about the ,invalids' ,hotel1 and expected to see wonderful things2 but like ,sheba's ,queen1 ,i could truthfully say1 'the half had never been told4' ,the many ways1 means1 and appliances1 for the relief of poor sufferers surpassed a thousand fold anything ,i had ever imagined could come within the scope of human skill4 ,the skilled physicians were not only able and attentive1 but on meeting one1 if it were every day1 they always had a ready smile1 a warm hand clasp1 and an encouraging word1 which alone1 would make one feel better and at home4 ,the trained nurses were attentive and kind4 ,every department was cleanliness itself1 and kept at such an even temperature1 even to the halls1 that during my four months' stay1 ,i never had the slightest cold4 ,not only the comforts of life1 but every luxury that the most exacting could demand1 were fully supplied4 ,i saw many poor sufferers1 from various diseases1 made well and happy1 and ,i too1 with the other happy ones1 found relief1 and that without the use of the knife or an ansthetic of any kind4 ,i would urge all poor chronic sufferers1 it matters not what the trouble may be1 to go to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,institute and be cured4 ,if any one similarly afflicted cares to know more of my case1 ,i will gladly answer any questions1 if she will only write me1 and enclose addressed and stamped envelope in which to reply4 ,during my stay at the ,invalids' ,hotel ,i never lacked for anything that willing hands and warm hearts could supply1 and ,i came away feeling that ,i was leaving a sweet1 luxurious home and many warm friends1 but with a new lease of life and perfect confidence in the ability of the physicians1 for ,i know ,i could not possibly have lived two months longer1 had ,i not found relief4 ,to-day ,i am well1 rosy and happy1 with a heart full of lasting gratitude for the kind treatment and cure which ,i received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,yours truly4 ,miss ,,delaine ,,duke1 ,clanton1 ,chilton ,co41 ,ala4 ,,polypoid ,,tumor ,,of ,,uterus ,,weighing ,,over ,,five ,,pounds4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,bolin4 ,gentlemen--,after many trials my doctors here had given up all efforts to cure me4 ,a tumor that had existed almost from my childhood was gradually killing me4 ,from frequent hemorrhages1 ,i had become as pale and bloodless as a ghost1 and so weak as to be scarcely able to stand or walk4 ,frequently the loss of blood was so great as to cause such long fainting spells that my family thought me past mortal help4 ,how ,i lived to get to your place is yet a matter of wonder4 ,we appreciated the fact that in the skill of your surgeon lay my last and only hope4 ,the result proved his abilities4 ,the restoration of my health1 when it was so generally and for so long despaired of1 was miraculous1 and ,i cannot sufficiently express my gratitude and thanks4 ,the comfort that was given by the kindly attention of your nurses is one of the very agreeable memories of your home-like and pleasant ,institution4 ,with much gratitude1 ,i am1 ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,annie ,,bolin1 ,leon1 ,kan4 ,,note--,the above case had been pronounced cancer of the womb by home physicians4 ,,fibroid ,,tumor4 ,,cured ,,without ,,cutting4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,drennen4 ,gentlemen--,i cheerfully give a testimonial of my treatment at your ,institution1 hoping it may induce others to avail themselves of your skill4 ,in ,december1 #ahij1 ,i went to you1 after suffering five years with two fibroid tumors of the uterus4 ,the tumors had grown rapidly for six months prior to my going to you for treatment1 and had become quite painful4 ,under your treatment they entirely disappeared and my health was entirely restored4 ,the treatment ,i received from your able corps of physicians and nurses was all that could be desired1 and ,i would further state that your ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute possess all the requirements for making invalids comfortable and happy4 ,yours truly1 ,,vania ,e4 ,,drennen1 ,nelson1 ,portage ,co41 ,o4 ,,ovarian ,,tumor ,,of #fb ,,pounds ,,weight ,,removed4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,matson4 ,gentlemen--,i hereby certify that ,i had safely removed1 without realizing any pain1 a large cyst1 or ,multilocular ,tumor 7ovarian7 weighing #fb pounds1 by your surgeons4 ,then1 with kind and watchful treatment1 the care of good and faithful nurses1 and by the blessing of an all-wise ,providence1 ,i was sitting up in twelve days from that time2 had no inflammation or fever1 kept gaining1 and in five weeks returned home4 ,i am feeling better than ,i have for two or three years4 ,i cheerfully and truthfully recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute to all afflicted as ,i was--with tumors1 or any chronic disease4 ,the rooms are large and pleasant1 the best of food is served1 and everything possible is done by the physicians1 nurses1 and attendants connected with the ,institution1 to render the visits of the afflicted pleasant and desirable4 ,accept the grateful thanks of my husband and myself for your good care and great kindness to me during my stay at your ,hotel1 and ,i wish you all great success4 ,very respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,elisha ,,matson1 ,watte ,flats1 ,chautauqua ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,uterine ,,fibroid ,,tumor4 ,,the ,,following ,,is ,,from ,,the ,,eminent ,,lady ,,physician ,,and ,,popular ,,lecturer1 ,,mrs4 ,,jennie ,v4,s4 ,,wilcox1 ,,md ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,jennie ,v4,s4 ,wilcox1 ,m4,d4 ,gentlemen--,the least return one can render for an invaluable service1 the saving of a life1 is an acknowledgment of the same4 ,mine was a long-standing1 stubborn1 constitutional difficulty2 chronic1 and defying all previous treatment4 ,under the care of the doctors of the elegantly appointed ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute the disease yielded4 ,could ,i persuade some of my fashionable friends to spend a summer or winter at ,dr4 ,pierce's rather than at resorts more or less unsuited to weary or sick people1 there might rise up an improved generation4 ,the electrical appliances at the ,invalids' ,hotel are probably the finest in the world4 ,with them the administration of electricity for the absorption and removal of all abnormal growths1 especially in my sex1 is an assured science1 and no experiment4 ,i cordially commend all my fellow sufferers to the tender care of the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,yours very respectfully1 ,,jennie ,v4,s4 ,,wilcox1 ,m4,d4 ,saratoga ,springs1 ,n4,y4 ,,ovarian ,,abscess4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,keach4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i can testify to the skillful treatment received at the hands of your surgeon specialists4 ,i had been given up to die1 with an abdominal tumor and abscess4 ,my case was not understood1 before coming to you4 ,although operated upon twice unsuccessfully by others1 my life was despaired of4 ,i am happy to state that after a few weeks' stay in your ,institution1 with a skillful operation which owing to my extreme feebleness1 was performed without any ,chloroform or ,ether 7local ansthesia only being employed71 and which resulted in the removal of the tumor and abscess1 ,i was perfectly cured1 and have since enjoyed excellent health4 ,i am now restored to my children and family1 and have much to thank you for4 ,the kindness and attention received from your physicians and nurses while in the hotel could not be better1 and ,i wish to praise them all highly4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,anna ,,keach1 #fj ,bissell ,ave41 ,buffalo4 ,,suffered ,,for #bj ,,years4 ,,ovarian ,,disease ,,with ,,inflammation ,,of ,,abdominal ,,organs ,,and ,,great ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,gibbons4 ,gentlemen--,i most gladly express my appreciation of the treatment ,i received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,buffalo4 ,when ,i first applied to you for treatment ,i could sit up but a few minutes each day1 and my physician had told me ,i never could be any better4 ,i began to improve very soon after receiving and commencing to use your medicines4 ,i continued to use them for some months1 following the special instructions faithfully as ,i could1 and steadily improved in health4 ,my trouble was of such a nature that it was necessary for me to receive personal treatment1 and ,i spent six weeks at your ,institute4 ,the kindness of physicians and attendants is everything that can be wished4 ,it is now two years since ,i have had any of your medicines1 and ,i have taken no others since1 and my health is very good indeed4 ,i can hardly realize that ,i am the same person that used to suffer so much for twenty years or more4 ,very respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,m4 ,,gibbons1 ,franklin1 ,delaware ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,diseased ,,ovary4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #fhc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,tanner4 ,gentlemen--,in the ,autumn of '#hh1 ,i had an ovary removed at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo4 ,the operation was performed with consummate skill4 ,the ,hotel is first-class in every respect1 being at once a ,christian ,hospital and ,home4 ,the skill of man1 as exercised there1 seems all that ,god designed it to be4 ,i cheerfully add my testimonial as ,i consider the ,institution first class in every respect4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,ellen ,f4 ,,tanner1 ,leavenworth1 ,kans4 ,,fibroid ,,tumor ,,of ,,uterus4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sleeper4 ,gentlemen--,there is no endorsement that the faculty of your ,institute could ask that ,i would not willingly give4 ,i fully realize that ,i owe not only my good health1 but my life to the wonderful treatment received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and would earnestly recommend any person needing the best medical or surgical attention to go for relief and cure to your ,institution at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,words are inadequate to express the gratitude ,i owe you in so successfully treating my case4 ,very truly yours1 ,mrs4 ,c4,b4 ,,sleeper4 ,brainerd1 ,minn4 ,,ovarian ,,tumor ,,made ,,up ,,of ,,small ,,cysts 7,,multilocular74 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,crissman4 ,it grew to enormous size in but five months4 ,the patient1 a young unmarried woman1 left home expecting to die4 ,she had several physicians4 ,none of them could give her any definite information as to the nature of the growth or other than unfavorable expectations as to its probable effects4 ,it was successfully removed4 ,the patient being able to be up and around in about two weeks with no unfavorable symptoms4 ,cure perfect4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,my ,dear ,doctors--,many months have passed since ,i have written you concerning my health4 ,i have remained perfectly well1 and1 in fact1 my health was never better than since the tumor was removed4 ,you will remember my case3 ,the tumor had only grown about five months1 but it was of immense size1 and ,i had despaired of life1 and my family thought that ,i would not return alive from your ,institution4 ,your skillful operation and removal of the tumor1 which weighed over thirty pounds1 with the kind nursing and good attention given me afterwards1 brought me through sound and well4 ,to you ,i feel that ,i owe all thanks4 ,my prayer is for the success of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,you saved my life after ,i had given up all hope4 ,the kind care that all gave me was something that could not be paid for with money4 ,it was like being at home4 ,i send you my picture1 which will give you some idea of the change for the better in my looks4 ,i am now married and am very happy4 ,very respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,p4,s4 ,,crissman4 ,montrose1 ,henry ,co41 ,mo4 ,,ovarian ,,tumor4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ortez4 ,gentlemen--,i am pleased to inform you that ,i have had no trouble since the removal of the tumor five years ago--that my general health is perfectly restored1 and ,i grow stronger and stronger4 ,and since that time ,i have two boys1 healthy1 and growing as strong as can be1 and ,i feel very well satisfied with the care of the good and faithful nurses and physicians4 ,i cheerfully and truthfully recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute to all afflicted as ,i was with tumors1 or any chronic disease4 ,i send you my picture which will give you some idea of the change for the better in my looks4 ,accept the grateful thanks of my husband and myself for your good care and great kindness to me during my stay at your hotel and our wishes for your best success4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,,nestor ,,ortiz1 ,ortiz1 ,conejos ,co41 ,colo4 ,,fibrous ,,tumor4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,dean4 ,my ,dear ,doctors--,my husband had to carry me into your place but in thirty days ,i walked out of the ,invalids' ,hotel sound and well4 ,the tumor that caused my sufferings had gradually developed during a period of several years4 ,the trouble induced an inflammation of the bladder and ,i had to endure that torment in addition4 ,there were times when ,i could not touch my feet to the floor4 ,walking was an agony that ,i could hardly bear4 ,i faithfully tried good physicians and the various remedies and treatments that were recommended to me without any satisfactory relief4 ,so ,i made up my mind to go to your institution4 ,i am now very thankful4 ,every one ,i met with in your place seemed to help me to get well4 ,you have got not only the most skillful physicians and nurses but they are also the kindest and most agreeable that ,i have ever met4 ,your hotel is comfortable1 home-like and perfectly clean4 ,the treatment was wonderfully successful in my case4 ,the removal of the tumor was accomplished without pain4 ,i can highly endorse local anesthesia instead of using chloroform or ether4 ,my recovery was rapid and ,i continue in good health and think of you all with thanks and good wishes4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,adelaide ,,dean1 #bdf ,garden ,street1 ,lockport1 ,n4,y4 ,,fibroid ,,tumor ,,of ,,the ,,uterus ,,involving ,,both ,,body ,,and ,,neck ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,johnson4 ,the tumor was of many years' standing2 had grown within a few months till it was about the size of a child's head4 ,from anxiety and worry1 the patient had grown nervous and generally miserable4 ,it was successfully removed by electrolysis1 no knife nor other cutting instrument being employed4 ,in ten days the patient was able to be about and to return home4 ,yanceyville1 ,n4,g4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have thought of you and prayed for your welfare ever since ,i left your ,institution4 ,i am perfectly well and enjoying as good health as ever ,i did4 ,the treatment you so skillfully applied has completely restored my health1 and ,i feel that ,i owe you a debt of gratitude that ,i can never repay4 ,i am constantly sounding your praise among my friends1 and know that ,i can never speak of you in too high terms4 ,i once despaired of ever feeling well1--to-day1 ,i am jolly and like another being4 ,may you long be spared to minster to the afflicted4 ,very respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,hannah ,,johnson4 ,,nervous ,,prostration2 ,,debility2 ,,dyspepsia2 ,,female ,,weaknesses1 ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,nicholson4 ,gentlemen--,for a number of years ,i suffered with a complication of female troubles2 ,i tried various remedies from physicians but nothing seemed to do me any permanent good4 ,about three years ago1 ,i suffered an attack of nervous prostration1 being the result of repeated miscarriages2 this was a severe shock to my nervous system1 resulting in a complication of other troubles among which was nervous dyspepsia4 ,words fail to express what ,i endured at this time4 ,only those who have passed through a similar experience can imagine the distressing symptoms accompanying this disease2 ,i could neither eat nor sleep1 was growing very thin in flesh and life seemed a burden to me4 ,this was my condition when ,i wrote to your ,institution for help4 ,i received a very encouraging letter and commenced treatment at once4 ,i had not used their remedies a week before ,i began to feel better1 and as ,i continued the treatment my health gradually improved4 ,all the distressing symptoms have disappeared and my general health is restored4 ,accept my sincere thanks for the interest manifested in my case and the happy results obtained4 ,i am now the mother of a fine baby girl1 and ,i shall ever remember to whom ,i owe my present health and good fortune4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,j4,d4 ,,nicholson1 ,la ,hoyt1 ,henry ,co41 ,iowa4 ,,bed ,,fast ,,from ,,womb ,,disease ,,and ,,urinary ,,troubles4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mc,clain4 ,dear ,sir--,when ,i began your treatment1 ,i was unable to be up any at all1 being troubled with womb and urinary diseases2 but ,i can gladly say that had it not been for your medicine ,i could not have lived a great while longer4 ,i hereby give your medicine a high recommendation for the marvelous work it has wrought4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,phebe ,,mcclain1 ,earnest1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,ala4 ,,uterine ,,and ,,rectal ,,disease4 ,,home ,,physicians ,,failed4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,clawson4 ,to whom it may concern--,i was greatly afflicted with ,uterine and ,rectal disease4 ,my disease was of very long standing and had baffled the skill of our home physicians4 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and received treatment of their specialist4 ,under his skillful care and kind attention ,i soon regained my strength and felt that my former life and ambition were again restored to me4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of this famous ,institution2 the rooms are large and cheerful1 the food of the very best1 the nurses kind and attentive1 and the staff of physicians and surgeons skillful and of large experience4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,chas4 ,,clawson1 ,middlesex1 ,yates ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,falling ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,leucorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,covell4 ,gentlemen--,i was sick two years with ,falling of the ,womb and leucorrhoea or whites1 previous to taking your medicines4 ,i took six bottles of your ,favorite ,prescription1 and was entirely cured of both in six months2 it is four years this month1 since ,i was entirely well of both those diseases and have never had any signs of their appearance since1 and ,i am satisfied the ,favorite ,prescription saved my life1 for ,i could hardly walk around1 when ,i commenced taking your medicine1 and ,i think it is a ,god's blessing to me1 and a great credit to you that ,i ever took your medicine1 for had ,i not taken it1 ,i think ,i would have been in the grave now1 and ,i can highly recommend it to all who suffer from these two complaints4 ,i was pronounced incurable by the best doctors here in the ,west4 ,i gave up all hopes and made up my mind that ,i was to be taken away from my husband and baby of two years old4 ,i was sick all of the time--could not eat anything at all4 ,in one week1 after beginning the use of your medicine1 my stomach was so much better that ,i could eat anything2 ,i could see that ,i was gaining all over1 and my husband then went and got me six bottles3 ,i took three of them and my stomach did not bother me any more4 ,we sent to you and got the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 and found my case described just as ,i was2 we did what the book told us1 in every way2 in one month's time ,i could see ,i was much better than ,i had been2 we still kept on just as the book told us1 and in three months ,i stopped taking medicine1 only three times a day1 and continued for some time in that way1 and to-day1 ,i can proudly say ,i am a well woman4 ,yes1 am well1 strong and healthy4 ,i am so glad and thankful to you1 ,doctor1 for my good health1 for well do ,i know you are the one that cured me4 ,when ,i began to take your medicine my face was poor and eyes looked dead4 ,i could not enjoy myself any where1 ,i was tired and sick all the time4 ,i could hardly do my housework1 but now ,i do that and tend a big garden1 help my husband and take in sewing4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,f4 ,,covell1 ,scotland1 ,bon ,homme ,co41 ,so4 ,dak4 ,,severe ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,out ,,of ,,darkness ,,into ,,light4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,austin4 ,gentlemen--,about eighteen years ago1 after the birth of one of my children ,i was left in a weak1 run-down condition2 it seemed to me that my nerves were unstrung very bad3 ,i did not suffer much pain1 but ,i think ,i suffered everything any one could suffer with nervousness2 my life was a misery to me4 ,i doctored with seven different doctors and got no relief2 then ,i took almost all kinds of patent medicines and got no relief from them1 but got worse all the time1 when ,i chanced to get one of your little pamphlets4 ,i thought ,i would write to you1 and waited as ,i thought to hear that there was no help for me2 when my answer came and you said you could cure me great was my joy4 ,i had taken your medicine about a month when ,i began to improve and in a few months was entirely cured4 ,my recovery was like coming out of the dark into the light1 so great was the change4 ,i will advise all sufferers to go to you for relief--,i don't think they will be disappointed4 ,when ,i commenced taking your medicine ,i weighed #id pounds1 now ,i weigh #abe pounds4 ,i do not know how to thank you for all the good your remedies did me1 ,with heart-felt thanks ,i am1 ,sincerely yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,amanda ,c4 ,,austin1 ,burden1 ,cowley ,co41 ,kansas4 ,p4,s4--,i have a lady friend who is taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription now1 and last summer every one thought she was going with consumption2 four of her father's family had died with it in five years3 she has taken one bottle of ,favorite ,prescription1 and now she is better in health than she has been in three years4 ,her address is ,mrs4 ,laura ,paugh1 ,burden1 ,cowley ,co41 ,kas4 ,a4,c4,a4 ,,months ,,of ,,suffering ,,and ,,torture4 ,,left ,,to ,,die ,a ,,hopeless ,,wreck4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,moody4 ,gentlemen--,a grateful heart and an appreciation of your medical skill prompts me to make a statement of my case4 ,at the birth of my last baby 7a boy weighing #ad pounds at his birth71 ,i contracted womb disease4 ,and for three years previous to treatment1 ,i had been a great sufferer from prolapsus4 ,owing to a more serious injury than prolapsus1 received at childbirth1 my physicians told me that ,i could never hope for recovery4 ,after delivery1 ,i kept my bed for seven weeks4 ,at the expiration of that time ,i tried to walk4 ,i found that ,i could not even stand straight2 there seemed to be a tight cord or drawing from my left side extending down into my groin1 accompanied by great soreness4 ,after repeated attempts1 with my body inclined to that side and yielding to the drawing1 ,i finally succeeded in walking--a violent trembling all the while in the parts affected4 ,three months after the birth of my baby1 ,i tried to take hold of my household duties--then my troubles increased1 and with them came a series of ,doctors' bills4 ,i consulted two of the best physicians1 besides trying all the medicines ,i heard tell of1 that were recommended for such diseases2 but failed in obtaining a cure from any of them2 my relief was only temporary4 ,my condition was growing worse each day2 the womb was so low and the bearing down weight so great that ,i could scarcely stand on my feet at all4 ,i was irritable and nervous with a dull headache and constipation2 hands and feet cold and clammy1 except the palms and soles2 a burning on top of my head4 ,at this stage of my disease my bladder was badly affected--the neck becoming enlarged and the water collecting there caused a protrusion to over half the size of a tea cup1 leaving it so dry and harsh1 that it was with the greatest difficulty ,i could walk at all2 a sudden jar1 sneeze1 or even the slightest pressure1 would force the water out1 leaving me in a spasm of pain4 ,at this stage 7#bb months after confinement7 menstruation returned for the first time since the birth of my baby4 ,i had already suffered as much as ,i thought it possible to bear1 and live1 but my sufferings were even greater after this2 my womb was ulcerated and inflamed2 nervousness increased to violent shaking1 over which ,i had no control2 circulation so feeble that the extremities were scarcely supplied with blood1 they were constantly cold and clammy4 ,my sleep broken and disturbed1 life was fast becoming a burden to me1 ,for months1 however1 ,i endured this torture2 ,i had abandoned work altogether2 ,i could be up but a few moments at a time and could not walk across the floor without excruciating pain4 ,there was no sleep1 no rest1 and after a week and even more1 would pass during which ,i would never close my eyes in sleep1 even when morphine1 opium and chloral1 were administered4 ,my body seemed a dead weight1 while my mind was alive to all my sufferings4 ,there seemed to be a burning pressure about my head all the while4 ,i would have shaking spells frequently1 leaving me perfectly exhausted1 my heart the while beating so rapidly1 ,i could not count the pulsations2 it seemed to cease altogether after that1 with a sinking1 fainting feeling over me1 making it difficult to breathe at all4 ,during my menstrual periods ,i suffered a thousand deaths4 ,my appetite was gone1 mind and sight impaired1 strength and flesh all gone4 ,i was a pitiable object to look at1 divested of all that made life endurable for me4 ,i had baffled the skill of two physicians1 and was left1 after three years of agony1 to die1 a hopeless wreck1 worse than death4 ,such was my condition when ,i applied to you for treatment4 ,after using medicines only six days ,i began to improve2 my nerves were steadier2 circulation better1 hands and feet warm4 ,nine days after taking your medicines they restored the function again4 ,i will confess ,i expected to suffer death again--,i did not think the medicines had had time to effect a change within so short a time4 ,imagine my joy and surprise upon waking next morning to find it had stolen like a thief upon me in the night1 ,i knew not when4 ,i spent the day in grateful tears--how could ,i help it8 ,it passed off as quietly as it came1 leaving my head clear of that dreadful1 burning pressure6 ,my nerves were steady2 indeed1 my improvement was so remarkable1 that it seemed almost a delusion4 ,my appetite had returned1 and ,i was hungry for the first time in over a year4 ,i slept well--awoke refreshed and feeling stronger4 ,after two weeks1 ,i was able to walk around the house and yard without support2 a day or two after that ,i walked a hundred yards1 visiting and spent the day4 ,in three weeks time ,i went home 7,i had gone to my mother's before treatment1 as ,i and many others thought1 to die74 ,at the end of one month there was no symptom1 nor sign1 of the old disease4 ,i was able to be up all day1 resting a short time at noon4 ,to be sure of permanent results ,i continued treatment for one month longer1 and have never had a return of the disease nor any symptom of it since4 ,before the end of the second month1 ,i was able to be about the house1 helping the children with the cooking1 and milking4 ,my weight increased fourteen pounds in five months after treatment4 ,i have taken no medicine since except one bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 four years ago4 ,at this time 7nine years after treatment71 ,i find my health still good1 having no aches nor pains1 a splendid appetite1 sleep well1 no headache1 no backache and no womb trouble4 ,i am able to do my house work and everything2 can do a day's work with less fatigue than ,i have for years before treatment4 ,i feel sure that ,i would have been in the grave years ago if it had not been for your medicines4 ,i advise all other ladies who are troubled with the same disease to apply to you for treatment4 ,be assured1 that whenever ,i have it in my power ,i shall recommend your invaluable remedies4 ,i thank you a thousand times for what you have done for me1 and for the kindness which you have extended to me throughout4 ,wishing you long life and continued success1 ,i am1 with much gratitude1 ,very truly yours1 ,mrs4 ,,jennie ,s4 ,,moody1 ,isney1 ,choctaw ,co41 ,ala4 ,,complicated ,,case ,,of ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,knappenberger4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel for treatment ,i was in a very critical condition4 ,i could scarcely walk for inward troubles--but ,i cannot stop to speak of one disease1 for ,i had such a complication of diseases4 ,now ,i am doing my own housework and in the past four weeks ,i have entertained forty-seven people1 and ,i think ,i certainly am doing well4 ,it is with the greatest pleasure that ,i recommend all who are afflicted to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the ,surgeons are honorable1 trustworthy gentlemen1 who will do all they promise2 and1 being men of large experience1 they know just what course of treatment to pursue from first to last1 so that an invalid can rest assured that no experimenting will be done4 ,for seventeen years ,i was an invalid and never had better health than at the present day1 for which ,i am grateful to your ,institute4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,d4,t4 ,,knappenberger1 ,jeannette1 ,westmoreland ,co41 ,pa4 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,reel and ,daughters4 ,gentlemen--,for eight years ,i was a sufferer from female derangements4 ,i have been permanently cured by your specialist1 and with only thirty days' treatment4 ,i am happy to say there is no return of the old trouble1 and all my friends were so surprised to see me so well after being an invalid so long4 ,i shall never regret the day ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,you ought to see me now--,i am so healthy1 ,i shall never forget your kind treatment of me1 and the nurses too were so kind and attentive--,i cannot say too much in their praise4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,j4,w4 ,,reel1 ,idaho ,city1 ,boise ,co41 ,idaho4 ,,painful ,,menstruation ,,and ,,constipation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,doran4 ,gentlemen--,in ,april1 #ahia ,i came to your ,invalids' ,hotel for examination and treatment4 ,i was at that time suffering from profuse and painful menstruation1 complicated with obstinate constipation1 from which ,i had suffered many years4 ,i cannot speak too highly of your treatment of my case1 as it was both prompt and thorough and resulted in a radical cure of the above named diseases1 and ,i desire to recommend all who are thus afflicted to apply to your eminent staff of physicians for relief1 as they cure when others fail4 ,my advice to all who are afflicted is1 if you wish to get well1 go where they make such diseases a specialty4 ,i hope that many others may be as thoroughly cured as ,i have been4 ,yours truly1 ,miss ,,ella ,,doran1 ,tiffin1 ,seneca ,co41 ,o4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home-,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sheen4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered from female complaint2 my kidneys1 stomach and nerves were also affected4 ,my physician told me ,i had ,bright's ,disease of the ,kidneys4 ,i suffered a great deal in various ways1 at times4 ,i felt as if life were a burden to me2 about that time ,dr4 ,pierce's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser came into my possession4 ,i read it carefully1 and ,i thought if ,dr4 ,pierce can not cure me perhaps he can give me some relief4 ,i wrote to him1 describing my symptoms and feelings as well as ,i could1 and asked him if he could cure me4 ,he said he thought he could1 but it would take a long time for my disease was deep seated4 ,he sent me a box of medicines enough to last one month1 especially prepared for my case4 ,i continued taking his medicines for about thirteen months1 and at the end of that time ,i felt like a new woman2 that has been almost seven years now and my health is still good4 ,the benefits derived from ,dr4 ,pierce's ,medicines are lasting1 and ,i advise all women suffering as ,i did1 to give his medicines a fair trial4 ,gratefully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,sheen1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa4 ,,paralysis ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mann4 ,gentlemen--,i will say that your ,institute is all that you claim for it1 and more to4 ,the ,doctors are courteous gentlemen and the best ,physicians ,i have ever met with in my life4 ,my treatment while at the ,institute did me more good in one month than all the doctors everywhere else combined4 ,my ailment was ,paralysis and ,female ,weakness4 ,your treatment did me good while at the ,institute1 and ,i have also been greatly benefited by the home-treatment ,i have received from you since4 ,i am much better than ,i was2 ,i am able to do considerable work now4 ,when ,i came to you ,i could not do anything4 ,i herewith send you my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me1 and should ,i need more treatment ,i will write you as before4 ,i would advise all people who have chronic diseases to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for help1 for it is a grand place and prices are reasonable4 ,we use your ,family ,medicines--your ,pellets and ,golden ,medical ,discovery--and find they are all you claim for them4 ,again ,i thank you and remain1 your friend1 ,,mrs4 ,s4,b4 ,,mann1 ,sutton1 ,clay ,co41 ,neb4 ,,barrenness ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,h4 ,bain1 ,wife and ,child4 ,gentlemen--,with pleasure ,i can recommend your medicines and treatment4 ,at the time of my treatment ,i was barren1 and had no signs of ever having any children until after the time of your treatment4 ,we now have two little boys1 and we are happy4 ,this picture shows my husband1 myself and our eldest child4 ,i pray for your continued success1 and thank you for your skill4 ,very truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,a4,h4 ,,bain1 ,cozad1 ,dawson ,co41 ,neb4 ,,indigestion1 ,,constipation1 ,,and ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,joslyn4 ,gentlemen--,some months ago ,i consulted your specialist concerning my health1 which had at that time become very much impaired from the effects of uterine disease1 indigestion and chronic constipation4 ,i was also troubled with frequent attacks of nervous headache which rendered me very miserable4 ,a line of treatment was outlined by your specialist1 which ,i followed closely1 and ,i immediately began to improve under the use of the medicine advised4 ,the benefits were so marked that within two or three months ,i was able to discontinue the use of the medicine1 and have since that time been enjoying good health4 ,i attribute my cure to the use of your medicines1 and ,i heartily thank you for the benefits received1 as well as for the kind attention given me by your specialist4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,ida ,m4 ,,joslyn1 ,groton1 ,conn4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,morrison4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i add my testimony to your list1 hoping it may contribute to your success and induce others to avail themselves of the benefit of your invaluable medicines4 ,in ,june1 #ahij1 ,i took typhoid fever of malignant type2 for two months ,i hovered between life and death2 at length the fever left me in a prostrated condition4 ,then ,i was taken with a severe pain in my back and general nervous prostration2 could not move myself in bed nor bear to be moved by the most careful nurses without experiencing excruciating pain4 ,i had the best medical attention in the community1 but they failed to give relief4 ,my friends wrote to ,dr4 ,pierce1 stating my condition and requesting treatment for me4 ,he treated me for two months2 by that time ,i had so much improved that ,i did not think it worth while to continue the treatment longer1 and my health has been such that ,i have not had occasion to lie in bed two days together since4 ,i feel under lasting obligations to ,dr4 ,pierce1 and thank ,god for blessing the world with so able a physician4 ,very respectfully4 ,,miss ,,magnolia ,,morrison1 ,abernethy1 ,iredell ,co4 ,n4,c4 ,,general ,,decline4 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,heart ,,disease ,,and ,,rheumatism4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ashman4 ,gentlemen--,for years ,i had been a great sufferer from general declining health--female weakness1 heart disease and rheumatism--and despaired of ever getting well4 ,physicians afforded me only temporary relief4 ,it was not until ,i commenced doctoring with ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce that ,i experienced any decided benefit4 ,my health has gradually improved until now ,i feel like a new being4 ,language fails to express my gratitude for this cure1 which is due wholly to your life-saving and life-giving medicines4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,caleb ,,ashman1 ,du ,bois1 ,clearfleld ,co41 ,pa4 ,,nervous ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,linn4 ,dear ,sir--,my case was a complication of diseases--a general break-down1 lasting three years4 ,i placed myself under the treatment of four different physicians4 ,at last1 giving up all hope of recovery at home1 ,i was making arrangements to go to a ,sanitarium in ,michigan for special treatment4 ,one of your small books with blank enclosed was handed to me2 ,i filled out the blank1 and thought ,i would try rather than leave home and little ones1--,happy decision2 two months' special treatment and ,i was well and happy1 and to-day1 ,i have the very best of health4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,loma ,,linn1 ,ladoga1 ,montgomery ,co41 ,ind ,,female ,,weakness2 ,,leucorrhea4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mc,clure4 ,dear ,sir--,i was troubled with female weakness and leucorrhea for three years before ,i applied to you4 ,i had tried several doctors but they did me no good1 and ,i grew worse all the time4 ,finally ,i wrote to you for special treatment1 and thanks to ,dr4 ,pierce for being the means of my recovery4 ,i am forty-five years old and do all my housework4 ,i remain1 ,,mrs4 ,,martin ,j4 ,,mcclure1 ,thomasville1 ,oregon ,co41 ,mo4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,moses4 ,dear ,sir--,having been treated by one of your associate physicians1 at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and greatly benefited1 ,i do not hesitate to recommend you and your ,faculty to all who may need the services of honest and skillful physicians4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,d4,s4 ,,moses1 ,fremont1 ,ohio4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,fitch4 ,gentlemen--,i have been taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription--three bottles of it and am getting well fast2 ,i can do my own work1 which ,i have not done for almost two years2 ,i do my own washing and all of my house work2 ,i have gained about six pounds taking your remedy4 ,you cannot know how glad ,i am that ,i tried your ,favorite ,prescription4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,b4 ,,fitch1 ,johnstown1 ,cambria ,co41 ,pa4 ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ulrich4 ,gentlemen--,i enjoy good health thanks to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i was under doctors' care for two years with womb disease1 and gradually wasting in strength all the time4 ,i was so weak that ,i could sit up in bed only a few moments1 for two years4 ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and by the time ,i had taken one-half dozen bottles ,i was up and going wherever ,i pleased1 and have had good health and been very strong ever since--that was two years and a half ago4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,anna ,,ulrich1 ,elm ,creek1 ,buffalo ,co41 ,neb4 ,a ,,most ,,wonderful ,,cure4 ,,terrible ,,ulceration ,,and ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,dropsy ,,and ,,other ,,complications4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,smith4 ,gentlemen--,i am a farmer's wife4 ,my husband hired hands to work on his farm--,i had them to cook for--to wait upon1 and my family to care for4 ,i worked very hard till my health and strength gave way4 ,six years ago the turn-of-life began in the worst form with other disease which ,i knew not2 ,i had a severe misery in my back1 pain in my head2 the monthly flow became so excessive--came on too often2 lasted eleven days4 ,when the flow would stop then there would be yellow discharge of thick mattery appearance4 ,i had bearing down in the lower portion of the womb--great pain all through my body3 the pain in my womb was more like labor-pain than anything ,i can compare it to2 ,i had palpitation of the heart1 light chills1 hay fever2 had pain in my stomach like colic4 ,my womb was very low down2 the mouth was a large hard knot--was so sore ,i was compelled to have a soft seat to sit on2 severe pains in my thighs2 pain down the sides of the abdomen2 pain in my breast1 pain between my shoulders2 my bowels costive2 my nervous system prostrated2 my digestion impaired2 ,i had a desire to urinate all the time1 could not pass only a few drops at a time2 on standing a few hours1 it would form a crust on the chamber--red1 grainy substance2 ,i was bloated all over my body4 ,my feet and legs were swelled tight1 and ,i was in so much pain day and night ,i could not sleep2 ,i could not eat any food only a little sweet milk and a little corn-bread2 ,i lived in this way for four years2 ,i could not walk across the room4 ,i was treated by four of the best doctors in the land2 the first three gave me no relief--the fourth built up my health to some extent2 none of them could cure me--none of the four could regulate the menstrual flow1 they could not cure those offensive discharges4 ,i was given up to die by all four of them2 my family and friends expected every day ,i would die4 ,i got one of your ,memorandum ,books2 ,i read it carefully1 and ,i was hoping all this time for some relief--,i hoped all the time for relief4 ,my husband decided to write to you--ask your advice1 believing you could give me relief2 though ,i felt ashamed to tell a gentleman1 a doctor ,i never saw1 those things concerning my afflictions2 but ,i was suffering terribly4 ,i hoped for relief and ,i found it4 ,i am happy to tell you ,i am well4 ,i was spared to be cured by your good advice and good medicine and to spread your fame4 ,when ,i received the book you sent me and a letter telling me what to take1 and what it would do for me1 ,i was very feeble2 ,i had just got up from one of those bad spells--so weak that ,i could not sit up for more than an hour at a time4 ,my husband went and got the medicine and a syringe4 ,i began its use1 as you advised1 and took the medicine as you directed2 ,i have taken your medicine seven months2 the first month my improvement was slow2 ,i began to have strength2 my pain began to banish2 my appetite began to come2 ,i commenced to sleep sound and the bloating began to go down2 the pain in my head was gone2 palpitation of the heart1 also the misery in my back disappeared2 the pain in my womb began to banish2 the first time the monthly flow appeared1 it was controlled--it was regulated--it went so light with me that ,i could go all the time without a cane4 ,i have not had one spell to confine me to bed in seven months2 ,i have done all the cooking for my family all the year2 the pain in my stomach disappeared2 the yellow discharge also--the bearing down banished4 ,i have no pain1 no aches1 no bad feelings4 ,i feel better to day1 than ,i have in ten years4 ,i now enjoy life1 enjoy my family1 enjoy my friends4 ,i enjoy the pleasure of telling my friends who cured me1 and what medicine it was that cured me2 he should have the honor4 ,it is ,dr4 ,pierce6 ,i was at death's door when ,i began to take his medicine1 and followed his advice4 ,it was his ,favorite ,prescription1 ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the ,pleasant ,pellets that cured me4 ,i also used the lotion1 or wash advised1 with a syringe4 ,now1 ,i wish you to accept my best wishes1 and hearty thanks for what you have done for me4 ,last winter ,i gave my sick friends the pamphlets which were around the bottles of medicine2 some of them are going to take it2 it gives great satisfaction here2 ,i will take no other myself2 it will come the nearest to raising the dead of any medicine ,i ever saw in my life2 it saved my life1 when four doctors gave me up to die4 ,my ,god bless you in your work1 as ,he has done in my case4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,smith1 ,oakfuskee1 ,cleburne ,co41 ,ala4 ,,severe ,,flowing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs ,clark4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered terribly with leucorrhea1 my monthlies would nearly always send me to bed2 ,i would lose from two to four quarts of blood4 ,i had womb trouble pretty bad and my bladder would trouble me nearly all the time1 by continually wanting to urinate1 with smarting1 burning pains4 ,my husband got me a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i took nineteen bottles and now feel very well indeed4 ,your friend1 ,,mrs4 ,,lulu ,,clark1 ,no4 #bjh ,west #c;d ,street1 ,sioux ,city1 ,ia4 ,mr4 ,homer ,clark1 the husband1 writes3 ,my wife was troubled with leucorrhea and female weakness1 and ulcers of the womb4 ,she has been doctoring with every doctor of any good reputation1 and has spent lots of money in hospitals1 but to no purpose4 ,she continued to get worse4 ,she was greatly prejudiced against patent medicines1 but as a last resort we tried a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,we had seen some of your advertisements1 and ,mr4 ,cummings1 a west-side druggist1 advised us to try a bottle4 ,we tried it with the following results3 ,the first bottle did her so much good that we bought another1 and have continued until she has been cured4 ,,inflammation ,,and ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,camfield4 ,gentlemen--,i deem it my duty to express my deep1 heart-felt gratitude to you for having been the means1 under ,providence1 of restoring me to health1 for ,i have been by spells unable to walk4 ,my troubles were of the womb--inflammatory and bearing down sensations and the doctors all said they could not cure me4 ,twelve bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's wonderful ,favorite ,prescription has cured me4 ,yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,,camfield1 ,east ,dickinson1 ,franklin ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,general ,,decline4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,duncan4 ,gentlemen--,i believe ,i owe my life to ,doctor ,pierce's remedies4 ,six or seven years ago1 my health began to gradually fail2 some of my friends as well as myself thought ,i was going into consumption4 ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,pellets1 and was greatly benefited2 took half a dozen bottles at that time1 did not take any more for several years1 when ,i began to go down again4 ,i was married ,november1 #ahhi4 ,the next ,september had a miscarriage4 ,the summer following my health was very bad2 ,i then got one dozen bottles and took as directed4 ,my health was much improved and am now the proud mother of a healthy boy #bb months old4 ,my health is now much better than ,i thought it ever would be4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,v4 ,,duncan1 ,rees ,tannery1 ,mineral ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,erysipelas ,,and ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,white4 ,gentlemen ,i am forty-eight years old1 and have had four children4 ,three years ago the doctor said ,i had womb trouble1 which was accompanied with backache and a tired and miserable feeling all over2 left side hurt me very much1 and could not lie on that side1 and the doctor said it came from affection of the spleen2 had a great deal of headache2 was costive1 and suffered terribly from erysipelas2 it nearly set me crazy1 so great was the burning and itching2 sometimes experienced severe burning in the stomach4 ,i took twelve bottles of your medicines1 six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the same amount of his ,favorite ,prescription4 was using them for about six months1 and can say that they did their work well4 ,i have ever since felt like another person1 and do not think ,i can say enough in their praise4 ,i have no more weakness1 and all evidence or erysipelas has disappeared4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,sarah ,e4 ,,white1 ,kennon1 ,belmont ,co41 ,o4 ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,givens4 ,gentlemen--,having suffered for years with what my doctor called ,falling of the ,womb ,i was advised to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,the effect has been simply marvelous2 a single bottle relieved me of all pain and enabled me to sleep at night1 which ,i had not been able to do for a long time4 ,for three months ,i have not had any return of the complaint above named4 ,i feel as well as ,i ever did4 ,i shall heartily recommend ,favorite ,prescription to all afflicted as ,i was4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,samuel ,,givens4 ,leesburg1 ,harrison ,co41 ,ky4 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,martin4 ,,mrs4 ,j4,a4,,martin1 of ,cleburne1 ,texas1 had not had good health since the birth of her child1 eight years before2 had a headache with burning and throbbing sensations2 and a hurting in her stomach2 there was a dead aching and gnawing or drawing of the stomach as she described it2 sharp pain in the stomach extending to her right breast and shoulder4 ,weighed in health #ace pounds1 but was reduced to #ie pounds2 was weak2 could scarcely walk at all1 was sick at stomach a great deal2 when her monthly sickness came on had much pain and the sickness of the stomach remained until menstruation stopped4 ,she writes3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have taken about six bottles of your ',golden ,medical ,discovery' and ',favorite ,prescription1' and am glad to say that ,i feel better and stouter than ,i have felt in a long time4 ,i can work all day now and not be tired at night4 ,my head don't trouble me now4 ,when ,i commenced the use of the medicine ,i weighed #hi pounds1 and to-day ,i weigh #ih pounds4 ,i feel better than ,i have for months4 ,,cough ,,and ,,night ,,sweats4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,m4 ,detels and ,wife4 ,gentlemen--,in regard to your medicines ,i will say that they are always in the house4 ,i shall never forget those nights when ,i was down with pneumonia4 ,had it not been for ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery ,i would not be a well man to-day4 ,one bottle stopped the cough and night sweats4 ,my wife was troubled with leucorrhea so bad that we did not know what to do until ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription was brought into the house and gave her rest4 ,yours truly1 ,h4,m4 ,,detels1 ,travor1 ,tulare ,co41 ,cal4 ,,change ,,of ,,life4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,m4,e4,e4 ,prichard4 ,gentlemen--,it was four years ago that ,i applied to you for treatment4 ,my family physician did me no good4 ,when ,i began your treatment ,i was nearly bed-fast2 my life was a misery to me4 ,i have taken eight bottles of your medicine and it has cured me4 ,if ,i could tell the whole world of your medicine ,i would do it4 ,if any woman undergoing the change of life will take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription1 according to directions1 they will cure her4 ,when ,i began taking them ,i could scarcely do anything and now ,i can do all my housework and pick two hundred pounds of cotton a day4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,m4,e4,e4 ,,prichard1 ,thornton1 ,limestone ,co41 ,texas4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,robertson4 ,gentlemen--,for twenty years1 ,i suffered with womb disease and most of the time ,i was in constant pain which rendered life a great burden4 ,i cannot express what ,i suffered4 ,i had eight doctors and all the medicine ,i had from them failed--the one after the other4 ,i was nervous1 cold hands1 feet1 palpitation1 headache1 backache1 constipation1 leucorrhoea and no appetite1 with bearing down pains4 ,i got so weak ,i could not walk around4 ,i had to keep my bed1 thinking ,i would never get any better4 ,one day my husband got one of your little books and read it to me4 ,he said there was nothing doing me any good4 ,i said ,i would try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i did try it4 ,after the first few weeks my appetite was better2 ,i was able to sit up in bed4 ,i wrote to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and described my case2 they sent me a book on woman's diseases4 ,i read carefully and followed the directions as near as ,i could1 and took the medicine for two years1 ,with the blessing of ,god and your medicines ,i am entirely cured4 ,that was three years ago3 ,yours most respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,alex4 ,,robertson1 ,half ,rock1 ,mercer ,co41 ,mo4 ,,vaginitis--,,irregular ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,parker4 ,gentlemen--,i was married in ,april1 #ahic4 ,soon after ,i discovered that ,i was a sufferer from a very painful condition of the vagina and from irregular menstruation4 ,in fact the latter was true from its first appearance4 ,i consulted our family physician but he gave me no relief4 ,at last ,i applied to ,dr4 ,pierce for aid3 he advised me to take his ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did faithfully4 ,i bought seven bottles of it and one of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,after ,i had taken two bottles of the ,favorite ,prescription1 my menses began to be more regular and ,i was also relieved of the other diseases4 ,before ,i began taking the medicine1 ,i felt great lassitude and weakness at times1 but ,i now feel quite strong4 ,i can confidently recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription to any one suffering as ,i did4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,maria ,l4 ,,parker1 ,aten1 ,cedar ,co41 ,neb4 ,,consumption4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,new ,london1 ,union ,co41 ,ark4 ,dear ,sir--,some five or six years ago ,i had a bad cough and got so low with it that ,i could not sit up long at a time4 ,we called our family physician1 and he said ,i had consumption4 ,all our neighbors thought so too4 ,i had pains through my chest and spit up blood4 ,i commenced with your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and had only taken it two or three days when ,i felt like a different person4 ,i took four bottles of the medicine and it cured my cough4 ,have not been bothered since1 until a short time ago ,i took cold and commenced to cough again2 ,i got a bottle of the ,discovery and it relieved me at once4 ,i think it is the best medicine in the world4 ,it saved my life4 ,i don't think any one would die of consumption if they would take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i recommend it to all my friends1 and tell them what it did for me4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mittie ,gray ,,leucorrhea1 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,jones4 ,gentlemen--,i have used your ,favorite ,prescription and must acknowledge to you and the public also1 the benefits ,i received from the use of a half dozen bottles of it4 ,my condition was pitiful before ,i was persuaded to use it4 ,i had leucorrhea1 no appetite1 cold feet1 weakness1 fainting spells1 melancholy4 ,i felt that ,i would soon leave my children motherless4 ,i fell off in flesh to a pitiful looking object4 ,my friends around said ,i must be consumptive4 ,my family doctor gave me nearly all kinds of blood medicine for over a year--all kinds of tonics to build up flesh1 but nothing seemed to benefit me4 ,last ,september--one year ago1 ,i began using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 being convinced that my disease was female weakness4 ,i had only used it three days when ,i began to feel better and1 after using three bottles accompanied by the ,discovery1 ,i felt as though ,i was well1 and continued its use until ,i had used half a dozen bottles for fear of a relapse4 ,was a living picture of surprise to my friends4 ,they had all expected my death4 ,i have given birth two months ago to a baby and no return of my old disease4 ,i hope that all females1 dragging about with pain and weakness1 dyspepsia1 melancholy feelings1 restlessness at night1 and not feeling like getting up in the morning1 may commence the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 and be well again4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,h4 ,,jones1 ,no4 #caf ,effingham ,street1 ,portsmouth1 ,norfolk ,co41 ,vt4 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,asthma1 ,,severe ,,cough4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,monroe4 ,gentlemen--,i had been ailing for a year or more1 being troubled with ,female ,weakness and leucorrhoea1 when ,i took a severe cold which settled on my lungs1 and ,i had a very severe attack of asthma1 which was so bad that for three weeks ,i could not lie down in bed at all4 ,i had a terrible cough1 in fact1 every one thought ,i had consumption and nothing gave me relief until ,i took your medicines1 using two bottles of ,favorite ,prescription and two of ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,they cured me and ,i have had no return of the dreadful cough since1 and that has been two years now and ,i have had good health ever since4 ,i am in possession of a copy of the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 which ,i would not part with for anything4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,s4,a4 ,,monroe1 #cae ,s4 ,regester ,street1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,leucorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,chapel4 ,gentlemen--,i have been troubled with falling of the womb for years1 and was hardly able to drag around4 ,the doctors said ,i had ovarian tumors and leucorrhea2 the treatment they gave me only produced temporary relief4 ,i grew worse with leucorrhea all the time until ,i chanced to see your remedies4 ,i consulted you2 you pronounced my trouble leucorrhea1 and advised ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,you sent me some prescriptions to have filled here1 which ,i used with great success4 ,i am entirely free from my old trouble--leucorrhea4 ,i only used three bottles of ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i could not thank you enough for the cure4 ,when ,i commenced with your remedies ,i weighed one hundred and nine pounds2 ,i now weigh one hundred and forty-six4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mattie ,l4 ,,chapel1 ,dawson1 ,hopkins ,county1 ,ky4 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,the ,,result ,,of ,,grip4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,speer4 ,gentlemen--,i was taken sick with the grip on the first day of ,january1 #ahib4 ,i employed a doctor1 until in ,may ,i was some better1 but could not do any work4 ,the ,grip left me with a weakness1 my head felt very badly and ,i would get so discouraged and despondent4 ,it affected my back1 hips1 and legs1 and made me miserable indeed4 ,my stomach was very bad2 it soured and burned after eating4 ,my heart1 also1 gave me much distress by beating so fast and loud at times4 ,in ,may ,i commenced using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription2 took seven bottles of that1 and then1 by your advice1 began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i took five bottles of that1 making twelve bottles in all4 ,my niece lives with me1 and she1 also1 took the ,favorite ,prescription1 which did her a great deal of good4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,e4,j4 ,,speer1 ,north ,barton1 ,tioga ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,female ,,weakness ,,permanently ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ramsey4 ,gentlemen--,my trouble was female weakness and womb disease4 ,i suffered greatly for twelve years4 ,four years ago my health became so poor ,i was confined to my bed most of the time from ,may until ,september4 ,i was treated by our family physician but received no benefit2 ,i then consulted ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce1 of ,buffalo4 ,through his good advice ,i began using his ,favorite ,prescription1 having taken in all eight bottles of ,prescription and two of his ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i am at present enjoying better health than ,i have for twelve years4 ,as it is now three years since ,i quit using those medicines and ,i have no return of my old trouble4 ,i consider myself permanently cured4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,mollie ,l4 ,,ramsey1 ,liberal1 ,barton ,county1 ,mo4 ,,torpid ,,liver1 ,,suppressed ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs ,fotzgerald4 ,gentlemen--,i had suffered so much for years from ,liver ,complaint that ,i did not care whether ,i got well or not1 but my husband urged me to take your ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had not had my courses for six months2 after ,i had taken your medicine about two months1 ,i was well4 ,when one of my daughters with a baby two weeks old was in so much pain that she could not rest day or night1 ,i went to her as quickly as ,i could1 and commenced giving her your ,favorite ,prescription4 ,the next morning the pains were all gone4 ,she said1 oh1 mother1 ,i would have died if you had not come4 ,i do feel so good4 ,your medicine makes people feel like they wanted to live4 ,there is a woman at ,verdi who had several children who died with consumption of the bowels and chronic diarrhea4 ,she had another one who was going the same way4 ,the doctor said it was bound to die4 ,i went there and gave it five drops of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-,weed1 and increased the dose every time its bowels moved1 until ,i got to a half teaspoonful4 ,the next morning the child was almost well4 ,that woman says ,i saved her baby's life4 ,i could write a week and not tell half the good your medicines have done through my hands4 ,two weeks ago1 a young man at my house was taken with cholera morbus4 ,he thought he was surely going to die1 but as quickly as ,i could get some hot water1 ,i put hot applications on his stomach and bowels1 and gave him a few doses of your ,extract of ,smart-,weed4 ,he got well immediately4 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,isabell ,,fitzgerald1 ,reno1 ,washoe ,co41 ,nev4 ,,suppressed ,,menstruation ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,clark4 ,dear ,sirs--,my health is quite good1 so ,i have been able to do all my own work1 and ,i know ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription is what helped me4 ,we never think of doing without ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets in the house4 ,i give them to my children when they need anything of the kind1 and they never fail to do good4 ,gratefully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,warren ,,clark1 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,isabella ,co41 ,mich4 ,,disease ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,wilson4 ,gentlemen--,i cannot say too much for ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i feel it my duty to say to all women who are suffering from any disease of the womb that it is the best medicine on earth for them to use2 ,i cannot praise it too highly for the good it did me4 ,if any one doubts this1 give them my name and address4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,cora ,s4 ,,wilson1 ,carlisle1 ,sullivan ,co41 ,ind4 ,,her ,,favorite4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 3 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,collines4 ,gentlemen--,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription is my favorite medicine4 ,i recommend it highly to my friends4 ,mrs4 ,james ,grant of ,fort ,fairfield1 ,maine1 one year ago was a very sick woman4 ,i told her what your medicine had done for me and others whom ,i know1 and ,i think it raised her from the death-bed2 her husband thinks it a miracle that she got better4 ,my health at present is good4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,george ,a4 ,,collines1 ,maysville ,centre1 ,aroostook ,co41 ,maine4 ,,words ,,of ,,praise4 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,dr4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,pierce4 ,dear ,sir--,years ago you sent a box of medicine to my sister1 ,mrs4 ,cynthia ,p4 ,freer in ,new ,albion1 ,n4,y41 which did so much for her that after ,i was married ,i used them in my own family4 ,two different times ,i have used the ,discovery when physicians told me they could only patch me up--,i was so bad and getting steadily worse4 ,i sat down and wrote to you2 even after the letter was written ,i felt so worthless it seemed foolish to try1 so kept my letter for some time thinking it better not to trouble you with it1 but finally mailed it little thinking your advice and the ,discovery could so speedily restore me to my usual health4 ,a near neighbor used it for a cough occasioned by a sudden cold1 and less than one bottle stopped the cough4 ,we use the ,pellets for malaria and the numberless ills and epidemics that go the rounds1 always with happy results2 it saves us physicians' bills and much suffering4 ,we consult your ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser as our family physician4 ,it saves much anxiety and fruitless journeyings after a physician1 perhaps to find them gone or unwilling to breast the storm or heat1 to say nothing of the delay and danger of being too late4 ,both my sister and myself have used your ,favorite ,prescription and know it to be what it is represented by you to be4 ,i can conscientiously recommend those of your remedies we have used4 ,i am willing to answer letters of inquiry1 if stamps are enclosed for reply4 ,respectfully4 ,,mrs4 ,,abbie ,j4 ,,pierce1 ,box #bb1 ,waterbury1 ,dixon ,co41 ,nebraska4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hoover4 ,dear ,sir--,i had been a great sufferer from female weakness2 ,i tried three doctors2 they did me no good2 ,i thought ,i was an invalid forever4 ,but ,i heard of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription1 and then ,i wrote to him and he told me just how to take them4 ,i commenced last ,christmas and took eight bottles4 ,i now feel entirely well4 ,i could stand on my feet only a short time1 and now ,i do all my work for my family of five4 ,my little girl had a very bad cough for a long time4 ,she took your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and is now well and happy4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,hoover1 ,bellville1 ,richland ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,sterility ,,cured ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical4 ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,king4 ,gentlemen--,i will always recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 it cured me when all 'other' medicines failed4 ,for ten years ,i suffered untold misery4 ,i commenced taking your medicines and found relief before finishing one bottle4 ,after using your medicine eleven months1 ,i made my husband the present of a twelve pound boy4 ,i think it is the best medicine in the world4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,caroline ,,king1 ,new ,boston1 ,scioto ,co41 ,o4 ,,womb ,,trouble4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,demby4 ,gentlemen--,for three years ,i suffered from what my doctor called womb trouble4 ,i cannot find language to describe the tortures ,i suffered4 ,sixteen weeks ago ,i began to use your medicine and now feel better and stronger than ,i have felt for years1 in fact my health is thoroughly restored and there are no signs of any return of my former trouble4 ,i owe it all to your wonderful ,favorite ,prescription which ,i shall always praise wherever ,i go4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,mamie ,,demby1 #aejc ,saratoga ,st41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,uterine ,,debility ,,cured ,,after ,,sixteen ,,years ,,of ,,suffering4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hards4 ,gentlemen--,i must tell you that ,i have enjoyed better health since ,i began treatment with ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 for ,leucorrhea and ,uterine ,debility than ,i have for sixteen years4 ,i am cured of my trouble and now weigh one hundred and sixty-six pounds1 whereas my weight for many years stood at one hundred and twenty-five pounds4 ,with pleasure1 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,,harriet ,,hards1 ,montpelier1 ,idaho4 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,nervousness ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,ross ,gentlemen--,i suffered everything from bearing-down sensations1 headaches1 cold feet and hands1 leucorrhea1 backache1 and general weakness4 ,was exceedingly nervous and very gloomy and despondent2 had poor appetite1 constipation1 distress in stomach after eating1 and could not sleep well4 ,began using ,favorite ,prescription alternately with ,golden ,medical ,discovery in ,april1 and by ,july was cured4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,s4,f4 ,,ross1 ,no4 #bjj ,market ,street1 ,amesbury1 ,mass4 ,,threatened ,,miscarriage4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,miller4 ,gentlemen--,i cannot say enough in praise of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 as it has done me a world of good and undoubtedly saved my baby's life1 as ,i came near losing him twice before the proper time4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,c4,p4 ,,miller1 ,no4 #afch ,frederick ,ave41 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo4 ,,was ,a ,,great ,,sufferer4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,kempson4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i began to take your medicine ,i could not do any work to speak of4 ,i was in such misery that many times1 as ,i lay down for the night1 have ,i prayed that ,i might never see the rising of another sun4 ,it was almost death to me to stand on my feet4 ,when ,i began using your medicines1 ,i weighed #ajc pounds4 ,i have taken in all1 ten bottles of your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 six of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and some of your ,extract of ,smart-,weed4 ,to-day ,i am well1 and weigh #adh pounds1 and am doing the work for my family of nine4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,fred ,,kempson1 ,cambria1 ,hillsdale ,co41 ,mich4 ,,troubles ,,incident ,,to ,,change ,,of ,,life4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,carpenter4 ,gentlemen--,i can testify to the efficacy of ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,i have been using his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,favorite ,prescription1 and ,pellets for several years1 for troubles incident to the turn of life4 ,i have found them to be of very great benefit to me1 and cheerfully recommend them to all similarly afflicted4 ,respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,m4,c4 ,,carpenter1 ,berlin1 ,sangamon ,co41 ,,id ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,hutchinson4 ,gentlemen--,words fail to describe my sufferings before ,i took your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i could not walk across the room without great suffering1 but now ,i am able to do my own work1 thanks to your wonderful medicines1 ,i am a well woman4 ,i suffered all the time with a weight in the bottom of my stomach1 and the most severe bearing-down pains1 low down1 across me1 with every step ,i attempted to take4 ,i also suffered intense pain in my back and right hip4 ,at times ,i could not turn myself in bed4 ,my complexion was yellow1 my eyes blood-shot1 and my whole system was a complete wreck4 ,i suffered greatly from headaches1 and the thought of food would sicken me4 ,now ,i can eat anything1 and at any time4 ,my friends are all surprised at the great change in me4 ,every one thought ,i would not live through the month of ,august4 ,two of my neighbors are using your medicines1 and say they feel like new beings4 ,truly yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,,hutchinson1 ,cambridge1 ,dorchester ,co1 ,md4 ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,cummings4 ,gentlemen--,i am now entirely cured by the use of your medicines4 ,i think1 and so do my relations1 that if it had not been for your medicines that ,i could never have lived4 ,i had many physicians before but got no relief until ,i began to take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and his ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i then commenced to get better right away4 ,i kept getting better and am now entirely cured4 ,they are the best remedies for women and all their ailments4 ,i suffered from severe pain in back and region of womb1 frequent headache1 was pale and sallow1 with dark circles around eyes1 was very nervous1 cross1 fretful1 had spells of crying1 and was out of sorts generally4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,susan ,,cummings1 ,shawano1 ,shawano ,co41 ,wis4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,periodical ,,pains4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,tanner4 ,gentlemen--,i was sick for four years4 ,for two years ,i could do no work4 ,i had five different physicians1 who pronounced my case a poor or impoverished condition of the blood1 and uterine trouble4 ,i suffered a great deal with pain in both sides1 and much tenderness on pressing over the womb4 ,i bloated at times in my bowels and limbs4 ,was troubled with leucorrhea4 ,i could not sleep1 and was troubled with palpitation of the heart4 ,suffered a great deal of pain in my head1 temples1 forehead and eyes4 ,i had a troublesome cough1 and raised a great deal1 and at times experienced a good deal of pain in my chest and lungs4 ,my voice at times was very weak4 ,i suffered excruciating monthly1 periodical pains4 ,since taking seven bottles of your ,favorite ,prescription some time ago1 ,i have enjoyed better health than ,i have for more than four years previously2 in fact1 for several months past ,i have been able to work at sewing4 ,i have gained in weight thirty-nine pounds since taking your medicines2 the soreness and pain1 of which ,i formerly complained so much1 have disappeared4 ,yours truly4 ,miss ,,mary ,,tanner1 ,north ,lawrence1 ,st4 ,lawrence ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lewis4 ,gentlemen--,i cannot tell you how my wife has improved since she began the use of your ,favorite ,prescription1 coupled with ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,she has no more trouble with falling of the womb1 and she never feels any pain unless she stands too long4 ,she has no bearing-down pains since she began the use of your remedies4 ,she does nearly all of her own housework now1 but before she commenced taking your remedies1 she could hardly walk across the room4 ,i do not know now to thank you for all the good your remedies have done her1 for the best doctors had given her case up as incurable4 ,yours truly1 ,,alfred ,,lewis1 ,fairport ,harbor1 ,lake ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,uterine ,,debility4 ,,permanently ,,cared1 ,,after ,,taking ,,five ,,bottles ,,of ,,prescription4 ,dep't of ,photography1 ,u4,s4 ,artillery ,school1 ,fortress ,monroe1 ,va4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sargent4 ,gentlemen--,my wife cannot speak too highly of your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 it having completely cured her of a serious womb trouble of long standing4 ,she took five bottles altogether1 and she has borne a large1 healthy child since4 ,there has been no return of the complaint4 ,she only wishes every poor1 suffering woman should know of the inestimable value your ,favorite ,prescription would be to them1 and thanks you1 gentlemen1 from the bottom of her heart1 for the benefit she has received4 ,yours very truly1 ,,edward ,f4,f4 ,,sargent4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,davis4 ,dear ,sir--,i am enjoying good health1 and ,i deem it my duty to send you my testimonial4 ,i can conscientiously recommend your medicines to any suffering woman4 ,i think they are indeed the best medicines for female complaint that has ever been invented4 ,had it not been for them ,i surely would have died4 ,i tried numbers of remedies from doctors but without getting any relief2 ,i then took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription and ,i feel confident that ,i am permanently cured4 ,i told my mother to try it2 she has taken four bottles--two of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and two of the ,prescription4 ,she says it is the best medicine she has ever tried for her case2 she is in better health than she has been for fifteen years4 ,mrs4 ,shelton also used it1 says it has done her more good than all the doctors' medicine ever did2 she has female complaint4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,nora ,,davis1 ,noble1 ,ozark ,county1 ,missouri4 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,coventry4 ,gentlemen--,i had ,female ,weakness very bad--in bed most of the time1 dragging down pains through my back and hips2 no appetite2 no energy4 ,the family physician was treating me for liver complaint4 ,i did not get any better under that treatment so ,i thought ,i would try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i felt better before ,i used one bottle of each4 ,i continued their use until ,i took six bottles of each4 ,in three months' time ,i felt so well ,i did not think it necessary to take any more4 ,in childbirth it does what ,dr4 ,pierce recommends it to do4 ,i would like to recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,extract of ,smart-weed to those who have never tried it2 it surely is the best thing for cholera morbus1 or pain in the stomach ,i ever used2 it ,,works like a charm4 ,i try never to be without it4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,ida ,,coventry1 ,huntsville1 ,logan ,co41 ,o4 ,,leucorrhea1 ,,irregular ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,kenison4 ,gentlemen--,after years of suffering ,i have been cured by your wonderful medicine1 when ,i commenced your medicines ,i could neither eat nor sleep2 my hands and feet were constantly cold4 ,i had leucorrhea for twenty years and my monthly periods were never regular1 occurring about once in three weeks4 ,i used three bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,prescription and two of his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and am a well1 hearty woman to-day--thanks to your kind advice and excellent medicine4 ,our family doctor said to-day1 ,i can't beat ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription2 it is a wonderful medicine4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,kenison1 ,catlin1 ,otero ,county1 ,colorado4 ,,change ,,of ,,life1 ,,organic ,,heart ,,disease1 ,,womb ,,trouble4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,i feel that ,i would be doing an injustice to you and to suffering humanity if ,i did not write you a statement of my case4 ,i have been a constant sufferer all my life1 and for the past five years have been under the care of many good physicians1 who1 ,i must say1 have only given me relief for a short time4 ,i cannot describe the constant pain and torment to which ,i was subjected every moment of my life1 and ,i was so reduced in flesh and strength that ,i could scarcely walk across the floor and had little hope of ever being any better4 ,i was induced1 by the advice of a friend1 to take your ,favorite ,prescription1 as she had been cured after taking several bottles of it4 ,my physicians said ,i was suffering from the effects of change of life1 organic heart disease and womb trouble4 ,i sent for your ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser and then wrote to you4 ,you advised me to take six bottles more of the ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did1 and in a reasonable length of time after taking it1 ,i felt very grateful for the happy relief ,i obtained4 ,i do not suffer near so much with my heart as ,i did before taking the ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i had not been able to do any kind of work at all for two years1 and ,i am now able to attend to my household duties without suffering any pain4 ,i have two daughters--#ag and #ai years old1 that have been in very bad health for twelve months or more4 ,i gave them each several bottles of the ,favorite ,prescription1 and it entirely cured them4 ,i would send you my photo41 as you request1 but have none1 and there is no place nearer than ,natchez1 ,miss41 thirty miles distant1 where ,i could have one taken4 ,i now thank you most kindly for the happy relief and cure which myself and daughters received from taking your ,favorite ,prescription4 ,with many thanks and wishing you success1 ,i am4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs ,n4,e4 ,reily1 ,bougere1 ,concordia ,parish1 ,la4 ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,mc,allister4 ,gentlemen--,this is to let you knew what your medicine is doing here4 ,i was ,in bad health2 age was working upon me1 and had ulceration of the womb2 ,i could not get about2 ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and it cured me2 ,i felt ten years younger4 ,i have not had any return of my trouble4 ,i am the mother of thirteen children and ,i am fifty-three years old1 have never seen a better woman's friend than your medicine4 ,i have recommended it to my friends here1 and it has never failed in any case1 so let me thank you for the good it did me4 ,yours1 ,,mrs4 ,m4,a4 ,,mcallister1 ,lim ,rock1 ,jackson ,county1 ,ala4 ,,rev4 ,w4,j4 ,,walker',s ,,prayer4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,w4,j4 ,walker4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to inform you of the benefit my wife has received from the use of your medicines4 ,i must say that your ,favorite ,prescription is the best female regulator on earth2 my wife has been cured by the timely use of it4 ,i have been using the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,pleasant ,pellets1 and ,i am fully satisfied they are all you claim them to be2 so ,i wish you abundant success1 and hope that the ,almighty ,god will continue ,his blessings toward you in your noble work4 ,respectfully1 ,,rev4 ,w4,j4 ,,walker1 ,vancleave2 ,jackson ,co41 ,miss4 ,,terrible ,,pain ,,and ,,fainting ,,spells4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,jacobs4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i commenced taking your medicine ,i was very sickly4 ,i had frequent spells of fainting1 terrible pain in my head1 and life was a burden to me4 ,i was attended by one of the best physicians in our town1 but with no good results4 ,at last a neighbor advised me to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did1 and after taking one bottle ,i felt greatly benefited4 ,i would advise all ladies similarly afflicted to try ,favorite ,prescription4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,,samuel ,a4 ,,jacobs1 ,mechanicsburgh1 ,cumberland ,county1 ,pennsylvania ,,was ,,the ,,picture ,,of ,,death4 ,,physicians ,,failed4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,loyd4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce3 ,dear ,sir--,my daughter has been sick all her life1 and the older she grew1 the worse she was until she was the picture of death3 the physicians could not do her any good4 ,i heard of your ,favorite ,prescription1 for women1 and ,i gave her three bottles1 and now she is a perfectly healthy girl4 ,have recommended it to a great many sufferers from female complaints1 and it has cured them4 ,i think it is the greatest medicine in the world1 and ,i have never found anything to compare with it4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,m4,j4 ,,loyd1 ,wesson1 ,copiah ,co41 ,miss4 ,,uterine ,,disease ,,of ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,suffered ,,for ,,twelve ,,years4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,wilson and ,child ,oreide1 7formerly ,enterprise17 ,taylor ,county1 ,w4 ,va4 ,gentlemen--,a heart overflowing with gratitude prompts me to write you4 ,twelve long weary years ,i suffered greatly from ,uterine derangement and at last was given up by my physician to die1 besides spending almost all we had4 ,after five months' treatment with your ,doctor ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 ,i now enjoy most excellent health4 ,i would1 to-day1 have been in my grave1 and my little children motherless1 had it not been for you and your medicine4 ,i will recommend your medicine as long as ,i live4 ,if any one doubts this1 give my name and address4 ,yours sincerely1 ,,mrs4 ,,malvina ,,wilson4 ,,st4 ,,vitus',s ,,dance4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,st4 ,vitus's ,dance4 ,gentlemen--,my boy had been in bad health for a long time4 ,we called our home doctor1 but he got no better4 ,finally he had the ,st4 ,vitus's ,dance1 and our doctor did not know what to do4 ,so ,i wrote to you and did as you told me3 ,i got two bottles of your ,favorite ,prescription1 and one bottle and a half did the work all right4 ,at that time1 eighteen months ago1 his weight was #he pounds1 now it is #ace to #adj2 he is fourteen years old4 ,yours truly1 ,,jeremiah ,,ponsler1 ,zenas1 ,jennings ,county1 ,ind4 ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sharrard and ,son4 ,gentlemen--,i take great pleasure in recommending ,doctor ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription for ,falling of the ,womb4 ,i was troubled with bearing down pains and pains in my back whenever ,i would be on my feet any length of time4 ,i was recommended to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did with happy results4 ,i feel like a new person after taking three bottles of it4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,allen ,,sharrard1 ,hartney1 ,selkirk ,co41 ,man4 ,,uterine ,,disease1 ,,change ,,of ,,life4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,fletcher4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that my health remains good since my sickness four years ago4 ,i took several bottles of ,pellets1 one of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and two of ,favorite ,prescription and gained right along after ,i had been taking them4 ,i am at a loss to give my sickness a name1 as my physician called it a ,complication of ,diseases1 resulting from change of life and over-work4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending your remedies to suffering women4 ,may you live many years to administer to the suffering and afflicted is the wish of your sincere friend4 ,yours1 etc41 ,,mrs4 ,j4,t4 ,,fletcher1 ,pony1 ,madison ,co41 ,montana4 ,,makes ,,childbirth ,,easy4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,guthrie4 ,gentlemen--,i never can thank you enough for what your treatment has done for me2 ,i am stronger now than ,i have been for six years4 ,when ,i began your treatment ,i was not able to do anything4 ,i could not stand on my feet long enough to wash my dishes without suffering almost death2 now ,i do all my housework1 washing1 cooking1 sewing and everything for my family of eight4 ,your ,favorite ,prescription is the best medicine to take before confinement that can be found2 or at least it proved so with me4 ,i never suffered as little with any of my children as ,i did with my last1 and she is the healthiest we have4 ,i recommend your medicines to all of my neighbors1 and especially ,favorite ,prescription to all women who are suffering4 ,have induced several to try it1 and it has proved good for them4 ,very respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,dora ,a4 ,,guthrie1 ,oakley1 ,overton ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,shortens ,,labor4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,baker4 ,gentlemen--,i began taking your ,favorite ,prescription the first month of pregnancy1 and have continued taking it since confinement4 ,i did not experience the nausea or any of the ailments due to pregnancy1 after ,i began taking your ,prescription4 ,i was only in labor a short time1 and the physician said ,i got along unusually well4 ,we think it saved me a great deal of suffering4 ,i was troubled a great deal with leucorrhea also1 and it has done a world of good for me4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,w4,c4,,baker1 ,south ,bend1 ,pacific ,co41 ,wash4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,dr4 ,b4,v4,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,shepherd4 ,dear ,sir--,my wife was hardly able to walk about the house when she began using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 and by the time she had used one bottle of it and one bottle of his ,pellets1 she could walk a half a mile with more ease than she could walk across the house before she began to take it2 she says she thinks it is just what all weakly women ought to have4 ,yours truly1 ,,george ,w4 ,,shepherd1 ,sigman1 ,putnam ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,inman4 ,gentlemen--,i began taking ,favorite ,prescription about a year ago4 ,for years ,i have suffered with falling and ulceration of the womb1 but to-day1 ,i am enjoying perfect health4 ,i took four bottles of the ,prescription and two of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,every lady suffering from female weakness should try the ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,f4,l4 ,,inman1 ,manton1 ,wexford ,co41 ,mich4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,could ,,scarcely ,,drag ,,around4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,baker4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4,,pierce3 ,dear ,sir--,several years ago ,i took your ,favorite ,prescription4 ,at that time1 ,i was so miserable 7and had been so for many years7 that ,i could scarcely drag myself around4 ,concluded to try your medicine4 ,i took half a dozen bottles and ,i have not had a return of my old trouble4 ,hoping others will be benefited as ,i have been1 ,i remain1 ,sincerely1 ,,mrs4 ,c4,h4 ,,baker1 ,freytown1 ,lackawanna ,co41 ,pa4 ,,obstinate ,,chronic ,,disease ,,cured4 ,,ministers ,,endorse ,,it4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,stimpson4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce3 ,dear ,sir--,for some six or seven years my wife had been an invalid4 ,becoming convinced that it was her only hope1 we bought six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,to the surprise of the community and the joy of myself and family1 in one week my wife commenced to improve1 and long before she had taken the last bottle she was able to do her own work 7she had not been able to do it before for seven years71 and when she had taken the last of the medicine she was soundly cured4 ,yours truly1 ,,rev4 ,t4,h4 ,,stimpson1 ,donnoha1 ,forsyth ,co41 ,n4,c4 ,,nervous ,,dyspepsia2 ,,uterine ,,and ,,spinal ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,nay4 ,gentlemen--,i had nervous dyspepsia for twenty years1 followed by uterine and spinal weakness with irritation of the same4 ,in the ,spring of #ahij ,i became so exhausted that ,i was compelled to keep to my bed with symptoms of paralysis in the lower limbs1 and many other distressing symptoms4 ,i accidentally obtained one of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,medical ,advisers from a friend1 and finding my ailments so well described therein1 ,i wrote to ,dr4 ,pierce for his advice1 which he sent by return mail4 ,for my recovery he requested me to use his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 his ,favorite ,prescription1 and his ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,he also gave me some directions for every-day living4 ,these means accomplished my complete cure4 ,i am thankful that we can have such reliable medicines brought into our homes without great expense4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,,america ,,nay1 ,volga1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,ind4 ,,thick ,,neck 7,,goitre71 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,weakness ,,cured4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,houghton4 ,,miss ,,ella ,a4 ,,houghton1 of ,theresa1 ,jefferson ,co41 ,n4,y41 was cured of ,thick ,neck1 ,nervous ,prostration1 ,weakness and a complication of ailments by ,dr4 ,pierce's ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription4 ,she says3 ,my health is now as good as it was before ,i was sick4 ,the swelling 7goitre7 has all gone from my neck4 ,i don't have any bad feelings4 ,my gratitude for the benefit ,i have received from your treatment has induced me to recommend you to all whom ,i know to be sick4 ,i have known of two or three middle aged ladies residing near here1 who have been cured by your ',favorite ,prescription4' ,,suppressed ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it is almost two years ago that my little girl was taken with a spasm which frightened me so that my menses became suppressed4 ,i suffered severely with pressure on the brain so that ,i often thought ,i should go insane4 ,i also had severe pain in the ovaries1 and bearing down pain4 ,i consulted a physician1 who treated me for awhile till ,i began to feel worse1 and consulted another physician whom ,i knew had treated several women for like ailments4 ,he gave me medicine which did me no more good than that prescribed by the first physician4 ,finally1 after an examination1 the doctor said that he should have to operate on me in order to have my health restored4 ,as my husband and ,i had heard and read so much about ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines we decided to try them4 ,we had ,dr4 ,pierce's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,i took three or four bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and one bottle of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and one vial of ,pellets4 ,after using these ,i felt perfectly cured4 ,as ,i am always troubled more or less with biliousness1 ,i keep your little ,pellets on hand and find relief by using them4 ,one of them taken after meals acts splendidly for indigestion4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,b4,h4 ,,kamferbeck1 ,holland1 ,ottawa ,county1 ,michigan4 ,,thick ,,neck 7,,goitre74 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,master ,sumner4 ,gentlemen--,i am willing and pleased to have you publish anything ,i have written in regard to the cure of my little son of ,goitre 7that a surgeon of ,n4 ,adams said could never be cured74 ,i do hope that by so doing some little one may escape the misery my little one suffered for over a year until ,i began the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i followed your directions found in the little book around the bottles4 ,before the first bottle was gone1 he could eat and sleep without that coughing and choking that1 before the use of the ,discovery1 was impossible4 ,the tumor began to lessen in size1 and after the third bottle ,i would never have known he ever had a tumor there4 ,he is now hearty and healthy4 ,sleeps as good as any child and is full of life4 ,he does not take anything to prevent a return1 and has not for over a year4 ,i have one of your ,common ,sense ,medical ,advisers1 and found it worth five times what ,i gave for it2 ,i have helped others to get it and the ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription have brought relief to many through me4 ,i use the ,prescription off and on2 it has given me strength2 ,i think ,i should have been an invalid long ago without it4 ,every one here knows the truth of this letter1 and ,i would tell it to the world if ,i could4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,,sumner1 ,heartwellville1 ,bennington ,co41 ,vt4 ,,dropsy1 ,,sick ,,headache1 ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,bloody ,,piles4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,knavel4 ,gentlemen--,in the winter of #ahha1 ,i became irregular in my monthly courses4 ,of course at first ,i paid but little attention to it1 hoping it would amount to nothing and probably wear away4 ,but ,i slowly but surely grew worse1 and at last resolved to apply to the doctors for help4 ,my water came often1 and in small quantities1 and with great pain1 and with red brick-dust deposit4 ,i was attacked with severe womb trouble1 bloody piles and dropsy of the ovary4 ,i was treated by five different doctors4 ,i was compelled to wear an inside support for a year1 but it still seemed impossible for me to get well and ,i began to feel exceedingly alarmed and very uneasy1 not knowing what course to pursue1 or what the consequences might be4 ,i had heard of ,dr4 ,pierce1 and concluded to make one more trial1 so ,i sat down and wrote a letter to him1 stating matters as near as ,i could1 and in due time ,i received a favorable reply2 then ,i commenced with his medicine4 ,i commenced somewhere in ,february #ahia with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription1 in alternate doses4 ,a strange occurrence followed4 ,my limbs felt like what we call asleep1 and ,i felt as if ,i were in a strange land and wondered what was going to take place4 ,i kept on till ,i took nine bottles4 ,the first relief ,i felt was from sick headache1 which ,i had been troubled with for many years2 ,i was also cured of a very bad cough which ,i had been troubled with for many years1 and of dyspepsia of long standing4 ,i was entirely cured of a very singular and severe itching on my back1 between my shoulders1 which our doctors called winter itch and which they pronounced incurable4 ,i had suffered with this for twenty years2 it would come in the winter and go away in the summer4 ,i was also cured of the worst form of bloody piles and of womb disease4 ,at present ,i feel like a new person4 ,when ,i first commenced with ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines1 ,i could not walk half a mile without a pain4 ,the other day ,i walked to ,mercersburgh post-office1 a distance of twelve miles1 and the next day walked back again1 and felt no bad results from the journey4 ,i am now #ea years old4 ,mrs4 ,knavel further writes1 that ,to any person desiring to know more concerning my case and its wonderful cure1 and who will enclose to me a return self-addressed and stamped envelope for reply1 ,i will be pleased to write further information4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,sarah ,a4 ,,knavel1 ,indian ,springs1 ,washington ,co4 ,md4 ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,gunekel4 ,gentlemen--,i have been a sufferer from womb trouble for eight years1 having doctored with the most skillful physicians1 but finding only temporary relief from medicines prescribed by them4 ,i was advised by a friend to take the ,favorite ,prescription1 which ,i did1 and found1 in taking six bottles of the ,prescription and two of the ,discovery1 that it has effected a positive cure1 for which words cannot express my gratitude for the relief from the great suffering that ,i so long endured4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,w4,o4 ,,gunekel1 ,no4 #adfa ,south #gth ,st41 ,terre ,haute1 ,ind4 ,,general ,,debility4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,hardy1 ,cascade ,co41 ,mont4 ,dear ,sir--,i have enjoyed pretty good health for the past three years4 ,before ,i took your ,golden ,medical ,discovery and your ,favorite ,prescription ,i was so weak that ,i could hardly do my housework4 ,i took seven bottles in all of the two medicines2 they did me a world of good2 ,i do not think ,i should have been here to-day were it not for your medicines4 ,i would send you my photograph1 but ,i have none1 and live sixty miles from a photographer4 ,gratefully yours1 ,mr4 ,thomas ,prewett ,,tumor ,,of ,,breast ,,and ,,womb ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,golden4 ,mrs4 ,jane ,golden1 of ,durand1 ,pepin ,co41 ,wis41 writes ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce1 ,chief ,consulting ,physician1 at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 as follows3 ,it is my heart's desire to write to you of what your medicines have done for me4 ,i was in a very bad state when ,i wrote to you1 and you prescribed for me and ,i took your medicines according to directions and am a well woman again4 ,i had uterine disease and tumor in the breast4 ,the doctors said they could do nothing for me any more and must resort to the knife4 ,i would not consent and so wrote to you1 and followed your advice4 ,i took two dozen bottles of your ',favorite ,prescription1' seven bottles of your ',golden ,medical ,discovery' and my health is now better than it had been in twenty years2 my neighbors said ,i could not live three months1 and ,i know that your treatment and medicine cured4 ,,ulceration ,,of ,,womb4 ,,irregular ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,spicer4 ,gentlemen--,please accept my heartfelt thanks for your medicines1 which ,i have every reason to believe have cured me4 ,i was afflicted for more than five years with falling of the womb and ulceration of the same1 connected with very painful and irregular menstruation with chills during the same4 ,rush of blood to the head1 sometimes falling down in insensibility and remaining so for several hours2 and part of the time could not bear my weight on my limbs to stand up or walk at all for several days at a time4 ,i was a burden to myself when ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and his ,pleasant ,pellets and ,smart-weed2 ,i used the glycerine and iodine as you prescribed for me also4 ,i think ,i used one dozen bottles of ,prescription1 half a dozen ,discovery one dozen ,pills1 one-half dozen ,smart-weed1 at first and some more afterwards1 only a few bottles1 ,i don't remember how many4 ,i am now well1 doing my own work1 and do not suffer any more pain1 and don't need any more medicine4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,j4 ,,spicer1 ,boulder1 ,boulder ,co41 ,colo4 ,,save ,,doctors' ,,bills4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,arcadia1 ,manistee ,co41 ,mich4 ,dear ,sir--,we received your kind letter1 with the ,pellets1 and are very much obliged for the same4 ,we know they are just what you recommend them to be4 ,we have used your medicines for about seven years and have depended almost entirely on them for five years4 ,before we began the use of your medicines1 we used to have to employ a doctor every little while2 now we do not have to4 ,we have four children4 ,we give them ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery when they take cold and ,i think it is far better than most cough medicines1 for the ,discovery helps the appetite and the cough medicines make one sick4 ,i like your idea of keeping the blood pure and the ,discovery is the medicine for that4 ,i take a bottle twice a year1 in the spring and fall1 and ,i have recommended it to several other ladies who have tried it and they all think highly of it4 ,i have bought thirteen bottles of the ,discovery and three bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and nine bottles of the ,pellets in five years1 so you see our doctor-bill has not been very large4 ,our oldest boy hurt himself1 lifting1 and ,i depended upon ,dr4 ,pierce's ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed for external application1 and it cured him4 ,i bought two bottles of that4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,keillor ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,cummings4 ,gentlemen--,i took your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription when ,i was run-down and through the warm weather4 ,it worked like a charm on my system and ,i am a good deal heavier in flesh now4 ,it is the best medicine in the world for female troubles1 for ,i took almost all kinds of ,patent ,medicines1 and doctors' prescriptions without benefit4 ,there is hardly a day passes but that ,i recommend it to some of my lady friends4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,,cora ,,cummings1 ,no4 #gd ,e4 ,yates ,st41 ,ithaca1 ,n4,y4 ,,childbirth ,,made ,,easy4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,johnson4 ,gentlemen--,your medicines have my greatest praise as they did me a great deal of good4 ,i was sick for nearly three years4 ,sometimes ,i thought ,i would go crazy ,i was so weak1 nervous1 and down hearted1 and sour in spirits1 that ,i was afraid ,i would die every day1 and such mean feelings ,i could not describe to any one4 ,i remained in this stage for nearly three years1 doctoring with every home doctor and trying every medicine that ,i thought would help me1 and ,i could get no relief4 ,i could not sleep at times and had palpitation of the heart so that ,i would have to get up1 for my heart would beat so fast ,i thought every minute ,i would die4 ,the misery ,i went through no one could describe4 ,a lady friend handed me ,dr4 ,pierce's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 and ,i wrote to you about myself1 and you told me to take ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i commenced in the spring and took three bottles of each of your medicines1 and ,i felt so much better ,i thought that was enough1 and ever since ,i have had my health4 ,i grew stronger1 and could run and skip about like a child1 and was happy all day long4 ,i felt so well ,i could hardly believe it was myself4 ,i just used the two kinds of medicines--,golden ,medical ,discovery and ,favorite ,prescription1 and followed the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 took regular baths1 and dieted for about a year1 and the result was a bright baby boy which brightens our home4 ,i took the ,favorite ,prescription before1 and the result was a few hours' labor and got along splendidly2 my baby weighed twenty-four pounds at seven months--a brighter1 healthier baby than he is there never was4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,mina ,,johnson1 ,riverside1 ,ravalli ,co41 ,mont4 ,,partial ,,paralysis ,,from ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,buffalo1 ,larue ,county1 ,ky4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i am still having very good health4 ,i value ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription very highly and often recommend them to others4 ,i do not think ,i would ever have got well if it had not been for your medicines4 ,i was in a sad condition4 ,my bowels and half of my body 7the left side71 was nearly paralyzed1 besides nearly my whole system was out of order4 ,i suffered all the time2 but after taking six bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery and the same of ,favorite ,prescription1 and using two bottles of ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy as an injection1 ,i felt like a new person4 ,i have never seen anyone suffering in the same way as ,i did4 ,if anyone with female trouble of any kind will use your medicines ,i am satisfied they will help them4 ,yours truly1 ,mary ,a4 ,sallee ,,irregularity ,,and ,,uterine ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,henderson4 ,gentlemen--,i cannot say enough for your ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,for years ,i suffered from irregularity and uterine debility1 but now ,i feel as well as ,i ever did in my life4 ,thanks to you for your ,favorite ,prescription1 for it has performed a permanent cure of me4 ,with gratitude1 ,i remain1 ,yours1 ,l4,m4 ,,henderson1 ,springfield1 ,south ,dakota4 ,,womb ,,disease4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sprigs4 ,dear ,sir--,i think your ,favorite ,prescription was the preservation of my life4 ,i was under the doctor's care for three months with womb disease and a gradual wasting all the time4 ,i was so weak that ,i could not be raised in bed when ,i commenced taking the ,prescription1 and by the time ,i had taken three bottles ,i was up and going wherever ,i pleased1 and have had good health and been very strong ever since4 ,that was four years ago4 ,i have recommended it to a good many of my friends1 and they have taken it and are highly pleased4 ,yours truly1 ,g4,a4 ,,spriggs1 ,long ,savannah1 ,james ,co44 ,tenn4 ,,ulceration ,,of ,,womb4 ,st4 ,john1 ,whitman ,co41 ,wash4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,for three months ,i was almost prostrated with ulceration of the womb4 ,i began the use of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and his ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and other remedies that are prescribed in his treatise on womb diseases4 ,after three months' use of same ,i was cured4 ,i have implicit faith in their medicines and can recommend them to others who are similarly afflicted4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,thornton4 ,,lessens ,,misery4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lindsey4 ,dear ,sirs--,i think ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription the best medicine in the world for females2 ,i consider myself entirely well4 ,i can do as much work as any woman4 ,i gave birth to a healthy girl2 your medicine is the best in the world for pregnant ladies--it lessens the misery of that critical period4 ,i cannot praise it too much4 ,i have gained ten pounds since ,i began using your valuable remedy4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,,lindsey1 ,williams ,station1 ,escambia ,co41 ,ala4 ,,ovarian ,,disease4 ,bridgeport1 ,putnam ,co41 ,fla4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i received the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser and ,i am well pleased with it4 ,i return many thanks to you for your kindness4 ,my complaint was pain in my back1 and in my side1 that moved from the right side to the left2 shortness of breath and pain in the lower part of the stomach1 and my doctor said ,i had ovaritis and ,i took two bottles of the ,favorite ,prescription and one bottle of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,i am relieved of all pains in the back and sides1 and of womb complaint4 ,i shall always speak good words for you4 ,i suffered with those pains for five years4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs ,nancy ,brooks ,,leucorrhea4 ,brooklyn1 ,jackson ,co41 ,mich4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,parker ,gentlemen--,i am more than willing to say your most valuable medicine has cured me of a very disagreeable complaint1 leucorrhea4 ,i suffered for years with pain in my back1 never a night was ,i free4 ,at your request ,i commenced a course of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i could not sleep on a mattress2 it seemed as though it would kill me4 ,since taking the medicine ,i can sleep anywhere2 ,i am perfectly well4 ,i would not be placed in my former condition for any money4 ,i bought six bottles1 or #e4jj worth4 ,i took but four1 my husband took the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,at this time ,i had a servant girl who suffered badly from pain at the time of her monthly periods2 she took the other bottle of ,favorite ,prescription1 which was a great help to her4 ,gratefully yours1 ,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,parker ,,severe ,,flowing 7,,menorrhagia47 ,lewistown1 ,mifflin ,co41 ,penn's4 ,gentlemen--,seven years ago this month1 ,i was taken sick--was bed-fast six months1 and during that time1 many times1 was not able to eat alone4 ,i had the best doctor that could be got4 ,i would have sinking spells4 ,my nerves were prostrated and ,i had female weakness and ulceration of the womb1 which caused such excessive flowing that they thought ,i would die2 then ,i would take sinking spells4 ,my stomach was too weak1 the medicine could not do its part as it should have done4 ,i had torpid liver and right side of lungs affected2 catarrh of the throat and piles2 palpitation of the heart1 and kidneys were somewhat affected4 ,my doctor got me up and able to walk through the house1 but the flowing would still be so bad that ,i would have to take the bed2 then would be able to be up again and learn to walk a little again till the time would come again4 ,my doctor treated me for the ulcers4 ,a lady came to see me4 ,she told me to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i got it but did not tell my doctor4 ,he soon remarked the improvement and ,i then told him what ,i was using2 he told me to use it1 that it would be good for me4 ,i used eleven bottles of the ,favorite ,prescription1 and two of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the flowing was not so bad4 ,i got so ,i could sit up and be about at all times1 and walk about in the house4 ,i am still improving1 and can do light house work4 ,i am able to walk out to church every ,sunday4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs ,abner ,knepp ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,danard4 ,gentlemen--,a few years ago my health failed4 ,i was troubled with female disease in its worst form having been afflicted about fifteen years4 ,i was also troubled with constipation1 loss of appetite1 dizziness and ringing in my head1 nervous prostration1 hysteria1 loss of memory1 palpitation of the heart together with that tired feeling all the time4 ,i consulted several physicians--no one could clearly diagnose my case and their medicine failed to give relief4 ,after much persuasion ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription--have taken five bottles and am a well woman doing all my housework2 from a run down condition ,i have been restored to health4 ,i feel it my duty to recommend your ,favorite ,prescription for ladies afflicted with female diseases as ,i have been4 ,gratefully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,byron ,,danard1 ,milford1 ,prince ,edward ,co41 ,ont41 ,canada4 ,,indigestion1 ,,impoverished ,,blood4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,sampson4 ,gentlemen--,after suffering for over a year with indigestion and low condition of the blood ,i was advised to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i had hardly finished the first bottle when ,i felt a great change1 so ,i continued on until ,i had taken three bottles1 and at the end of that time ,i was completely cured4 ,my health was so much impaired that ,i feel ,i owe a great deal to your wonderful medicine4 ,thanking you for the advice which you so kindly gave me while taking your medicine1 ,i am1 ,most gratefully4 ,miss ,,cassie ,,sampson1 ,no4 #cdg ,mc,haren ,street1 ,ottawa1 ,ottawa ,county1 ,ontario4 ,,female ,,weakness4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,nixon1 ,hardin ,co41 ,tenn4 ,dear ,sir--,i am in very good health now4 ,i think your ,favorite ,prescription is wonderful4 ,i brought forth a fine son the first day of ,december--the fattest baby ,i ever saw1 and that is why ,i think your medicine is such a fine one for poor sickly females4 ,i know ,i never would have become pregnant1 if ,i had not got in better health4 ,i feel it my duty to do all that ,i can to praise you and your wonderful ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i can highly recommend it to all females who are suffering with leucorrhea1 for ,i don't think any one suffered any worse than ,i did when ,i made my case known to you4 ,may ,god bless you1 and your great medicine--the ,favorite ,prescription4 ,yours truly1 ,sallie ,l4 ,howard ,,ulceration ,,and ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,lyon4 ,gentlemen--,i had been suffering from ulceration and abscess in the womb1 and falling of the womb1 for several years or since the birth of my youngest child4 ,i consulted all the physicians around here and they gave me up and said there was no help for me4 ,at last1 almost discouraged1 ,i found in a little book your medicines advertised4 ,i did not have any faith in them--,i had tried so much and failed to get relief4 ,but ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,favorite ,prescription1 and took five bottles of each1 and used two bottles of your ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy for vaginal injections4 ,it is three years since and ,i have not had any return of the trouble4 ,i feel very grateful1 and in fact1 owe you my life1 for ,i do not think ,i should have been alive now if ,i had not taken your remedies4 ,respectfully1 ,mrs4 ,,abram ,,lyon1 ,lorraine1 ,jefferson ,county1 ,n4,y4 ,,barrenness1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,liver ,,complaint4 ,basin1 ,cassia ,co41 ,idaho4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i first had dyspepsia and liver complaint for five years1 and ,i took six bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery and his ,pleasant ,pellets1 which ,entirely cured me of that complaint4 ,i also had painful menstruation1 and took about eight bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and two bottles of his ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed1 which cured me4 ,the symptoms of this disease were very severe1 pain in the region of the womb1 back and thighs1 ,chilliness and nausea2 this disease was so severe that ,i was barren for two years of married life1 and after taking the ,favorite ,prescription1 ,i became the mother of a boy4 ,yours respectfully1 ,mrs ,emma ,mcintosh ,,general ,,debility1 ,,malaria1 ,,sick ,,headache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,lansing4 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that your valuable medicine has been a great benefit to me4 ,i was suffering from general debility1 malaria and nervous sick headaches1 and after my third child was born 7a beautiful baby boy of ten pounds7 ,i only recovered after a long illness2 ,i barely gained strength enough in two years' time so that ,i was able to crawl about to accomplish the little housework that ,i had1 by lying down to read many times each day2 had sick headaches very often2 and many pains and aches1 all the time complaining of getting no better4 ,i finally asked my husband to get a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which he promptly did4 ,after ,i had taken one bottle ,i could see a great change in my strength1 and fewer sick headaches4 ,i continued taking the medicine until ,i had taken eight bottles--seven of the ,favorite ,prescription and one of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,for some time past ,i have not used it but ,i am now able to do the housework for myself1 husband and two children 7aged nine and five years74 ,i also take in dressmaking1 and enjoy walking a mile at a time1 and ,i think it is all due to the medicine1 for ,i know ,i was only failing fast before ,i commenced to take it4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending the ,favorite ,prescription to all women who suffer from debility and sick headache4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,j4,h4 ,,lansing1 ,fort ,edward1 ,washington ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,ovarian ,,pains4 ,ligonier1 ,westmoreland ,co41 ,pa4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,the doctors never gave any name for my disease except that one doctor said it was severe pain in the ovaries4 ,his medicine did me no good2 but whatever ailed me ,i was in such misery ,i could not describe what ,i suffered4 ,the first thing that gave me any relief was ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,the first half bottle made me feel much better4 ,i used two or three bottles and thought ,i was cured1 but it came back in three or four months1 and as soon as ,i began to take the medicine again ,i got better4 ,i took two or three bottles again1 and never felt anything of it since2 and that is nearly four years ago1 and ,i give all thanks to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i use no other medicine at all for stomach trouble but ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i have been troubled some with rheumatism1 when nothing else would do any good1 ,golden ,medical ,discovery cured me2 ,i had not taken more than one-half bottle when ,i felt like another woman1 and ,i would advise any who has any trouble with his stomach1 or who has rheumatism1 to try it as there is not its equal to be found4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs ,s4,a4 ,beatty ,,gives ,a ,,new ,,lease ,,of ,,life4 ,jamestown1 ,chautauqua ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,crowley4 ,dear ,sir--,both your communications have been received4 ,i have neglected to answer them4 ,i am glad to say in this letter that my sister is very much improved in health1 and says she feels as if she had a new lease of life4 ,she feels so much better since she commenced taking your medicine4 ,i think it was just the medicine she needed1 and am more than thankful to you for the kindly interest you have taken1 and hope that others will find the same benefit from your valuable books and medicines1 that my sister has4 ,i will close with gratitude to you4 ,yours respectfully1 ,miss ,,mollie ,m4 ,,crowley1 7for sister7 care ,sherman ,house1 ,jamestown1 ,n4,y4 ,,mothers' ,,relief4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,simmons4 ,gentlemen--,doctor ,pierce's ,medicines have been our family medicines for twenty years4 ,they are all they have been represented to be1 and untold benefits have been derived from them4 ,have been treated by you with your ,special ,remedies1 and cured of difficulties that our family doctor failed to cure2 and when ailing1 by the use of a few bottles of ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 have been always benefited4 ,i recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription to every one who is having a family--taken as directed1 it works like a charm in confinement4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,a4,d4 ,,simmons1 ,emporia1 ,lyon ,co41 ,kas4 ,,falling ,,of ,,womb4 ,clover ,hill1 ,coahoma ,co41 ,miss4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i cannot tell you how ,i have improved since ,i have used ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and his ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,i had been suffering for four years and ,i began to get worse and worse until ,i commenced using these medicines1 and then ,i began to get better1 and now ,i feel like a new woman4 ,i suffered much from falling of the womb1 and headache1 and pains in my back1 and ,i thank you kindly for the good your medicines done me4 ,i can do my housework now and not feel bad from it4 ,i hope others will find the same benefit from your valuable books and medicines that ,i have4 ,gratefully yours1 ,eliza ,allen4 ,,woman',s ,,ills4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,bates4 ,gentlemen--,a few years ago ,i took ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription1 which has been a great benefit to me4 ,i am in excellent health now4 ,i hope that every woman1 who is troubled with women's ills1 will try the ,prescription and be benefited as ,i have been4 ,yours truly1 ,,mrs4 ,w44,r4 ,,bates1 ,dilworth1 ,trumbull ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,an ,,old ,,lady',s ,,tribute4 ,,better ,,than ,,calomel4 ,clinton1 ,hinds ,co41 ,miss4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it gives me much pleasure to say that ,i have been greatly benefited by ,dr4 ,pierce's ,pleasant ,pellets4 ,they act on the stomach and liver1 and clear the complexion better than calomel1 and you are relieved of that awful sickness and constipation which other medicines produce4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery is the greatest tonic in the world1 to build up the broken-down constitution4 ,i am an elderly lady1 sixty-six years old4 ,i feel that my days are of short duration and would not give a word of recommendation if ,i did not feel it my duty to suffering humanity4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs4 ,n4,a4 ,watts4 ,a ,,young ,,lady',s ,,advice ,,to ,,invalids4 ,a ,,sure ,,and ,,certain ,,cure4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,fugate4 ,dear ,sir--,please accept my thanks for the good your medicines have done me4 ,i truly believe the ,favorite ,prescription saved my life2 it is a sure and certain cure4 ,i am having perfect health2 ,i am stout and can do all my housework4 ,every invalid lady should take ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,rozzie ,,fugate1 ,madisonville1 ,hopkins ,co41 ,ky4 ,,better ,,than ,,supporters4 ,leesville ,cross ,roads1 ,crawford ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,four years ago1 ,i became afflicted with womb trouble--knew nothing but pain and suffering4 ,began doctoring right away with our home doctor4 ,he not doing me any good1 ,i went to another doctor who advised me to wear an inside supporter1 which really did me more harm than good4 ,last spring was taken down sick and laid on my back for ten weeks2 when ,i heard of ,dr4 ,pierce's wonderful ,favorite ,prescription4 ,the first bottle helped me4 ,i have now taken four bottles and feel perfectly cured4 ,i cannot find language to express my gratitude for being restored to perfect health from a condition worse than death4 ,yours truly1 ,mrs ,f4 ,holmes4 ,,suppressed ,,menstruation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,burk4 ,gentlemen--,when ,i was fourteen years old ,i took a bad cold and there resulted internal troubles4 ,i was a great sufferer for four years4 ,i had tried two physicians but neither gave me any relief4 ,after taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription ,i can't say enough for it4 ,it cured me so ,i have no more pains4 ,i am now nineteen years of age4 ,respectfully1 ,miss ,,mamie ,,burk1 ,everett1 ,bedford ,co41 ,pa4 ,,how ,,traveling ,,invalids ,,may ,,be ,,imposed ,,upon4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it is now about five years since ,i spent eight days at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 under treatment for a chronic disease of eighteen years' standing4 ,i had given up to die4 ,going to your ,dispensary was a last resort with me2 ,i had undergone a surgical operation at the hands of my family physician from which ,i grew worse every day for eight months1 so that ,i very despondently started for your institution2 and when ,i had traveled eleven hundred miles ,i was made more despondent by inquiring of a man how far ,i had to travel to reach ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,he answered1 ,just one hundred miles4 ,i then inquired of him if he had ever been in ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,he replied1 ,many a time4 ,i then asked him1 what about ,dr4 ,pierce's world-famed ,surgical ,institute8 ,oh1 it's a humbug4 ,they have some drawings or pictures taken from some government buildings1 that's where they get that fine building you see pictured in their books and pamphlets4 ,i don't suppose there ever was a sadder heart entered the door of the ,invalids' ,hotel than that heart of mine2 but it was soon made glad to be glad ever since4 ,during the first night in the ,invalids' ,hotel ,i met and talked with patients afflicted as ,i was4 ,many of them were cured and talking of going home next day1 and sure enough1 they went2 but ,i never missed them in number for others kept coming4 ,i can honestly and truthfully say that the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 is anything else than a humbug4 ,the reason why they are not humbugs is plain4 ,they continue to perform wonderful cures and treat their patients with unsurpassed nursing1 and a kinder lot of physicians1 surgeons and nurses ,i don't believe can be found in the world4 ,i cheerfully advise all persons suffering from chronic diseases not to stop to count the distance from where they live to ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 but go straight to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute without delay1 for it is by the will of ,god and their skill that ,i am living to-day4 ,yours truly1 ,l4,m4 ,mc,phail1 ,autun1 ,anderson ,county1 ,s4,c4 ,,nervousness1 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,nasal ,,catarrh4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,sanderson4 ,gentlemen--,my health was utterly gone4 ,was suffering from nervousness1 female troubles and nasal catarrh2 life was almost a burden to me1 but a glorious change came1 due solely to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy4 ,i have suffered more than tongue can ever tell4 ,i have been treated by good physicians but they only help me temporarily4 ,i have taken a great many patent medicines with the same result4 ,in #ahij1 ,i began taking ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 which gave me immediate relief and a permanent cure4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,belle ,,sanderson1 ,sprout1 ,nicholas ,co41 ,ky4 ,,made ,,her ,,strong ,,and ,,well4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,west ,liberty1 ,ohio4 ,dear ,sir--,i can cheerfully recommend your valuable medicine1 the ,favorite ,prescription1 to suffering females4 ,three years ago my health became so poor that ,i was scarcely able to help with the household duties4 ,i was persuaded to try your medicine1 and purchased six bottles4 ,that1 with the local treatment you advised1 made me strong and well4 ,my sister has used it in the family with like results4 ,yours truly1 ,l4,e4 ,johnson ,,made ,,life ,a ,,burden4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,crawford4 ,gentlemen--,for years ,i suffered monthly from periodic pains which at times were so acute as to render life a burden4 ,i began using ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,i used seven bottles in as many months and derived so much benefit from it and the home-treatment recommended in his ,treatise on ,diseases of ,women1 that ,i wish every women throughout our land1 suffering in the same way1 may be induced to give your medicines and treatment a fair trial4 ,gratefully yours1 ,miss ,g4,f4 ,,crawford1 ,limestone1 ,me4 ,,female ,,weakness1 ,,leucorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration ,gentlemen--,i will write you a few lines to-day and feel thankful that ,i can say ,i enjoy good health most all the time4 ,when ,i first commenced using your medicine ,i was suffering from female weakness1 leucorrhea1 bearing-down pains and a soreness across me that at times ,i could hardly stand up straight when ,i would get up off of my chair to walk across the room4 ,i got a bottle of your ,favorite ,prescription and by the time ,i had used half of it1 the soreness began to get better4 ,i used three bottles altogether1 and since that1 you might say ,i am enjoying the best of health most of the time4 ,i have had two baby boys since--both healthy1 although the baby is only three weeks old1 and ,i am doing all of my own work since he was two and one-half weeks old4 ,i always speak highly and recommend your medicine because ,i know it deserves a good name2 and ,i feel certain it will cure female diseases if they give it a fair trial4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,richard ,,reed1 ,springfield1 ,kings ,co41 ,n4,b4 ,,female ,,irregularities4 ,cuscowilla1 ,mecklenburg ,co41 ,va4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in adding my testimonial to the great list1 and hope that it will be of interest to suffering humanity4 ,i tried three doctors and none of them seemed to do me any good4 ,when at last ,i almost despaired of health any more1 ,i saw in a paper one of your advertisements1 and ,i sent for and got two bottles of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 and ,i improved so rapidly that ,i sent for and got three bottles of your ,favorite ,prescription1 and now ,i am as well as ,i have been since ,i was a child4 ,i had been a sufferer for three years when ,i commenced taking ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines4 ,when ,i commenced taking it1 ,i was not able to walk across my room without help1 or rise from my chair4 ,i suffered from nervousness very much1 and with the least excitement ,i would faint2 and ,i think1 in short1 ,i suffered with female irregularities and that your medicine has brought me through4 ,i don't think ,i can say enough for it4 ,i have used five bottles of your medicine in all4 ,if any one wishes to know what ,i have to say1 they can address me in person1 enclosing stamps4 ,with respect1 ,i am1 ,yours1 ,sarah ,e4 ,ineker ,,just ,a ,,mere ,,skeleton4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,roberts4 ,gentlemen--,if ,i had not taken your medicine ,i would not be here now4 ,the doctors did me no good1 ,i was just a mere skeleton1 could not eat4 ,i would have awful pain in my stomach--pain in my side1 bowels and chest2 soreness in my back and womb2 was weak1 nervous and could not sleep4 ,after ,i took your ,favorite ,proscription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 ,i commenced to improve4 ,in two weeks could walk about the house--could eat--did not have any more pain in my stomach--threw away my morphine powders4 ,when ,i first commenced taking the medicine it made me feel worse4 ,i was hoarse1 could not speak aloud for three days2 as ,i got better my pains and bad feelings left me and ,i could sleep good2 my nerves got better4 ,before ,i took your medicine ,i kept my bed four months--got worse all the while4 ,i am now quite fleshy and can work all day4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,roberts1 ,bridgeport1 ,n4,y4 ,,constant ,,sufferer ,,for ,,many ,,years4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,scott4 ,gentlemen--,for many years my wife has been a constant sufferer from indigestion1 sick headache1 nervous prostration and all other complaints that the female sex is heir to1 and1 after trying many remedies and doctors with but little or no relief1 ,i persuaded her to try ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,she was so out of heart1 she returned the answer that it would be like all the rest--of no good2 but on my account1 she said she would try it1 so ,i got one bottle each2 and before she had used half of a bottle she felt that it was benefiting her1 and she has continued to improve ever since1 and now thinks it the most wonderful remedy on earth for her sex1 and recommends it to all suffering females4 ,she has not been so well in ten years4 ,i write this without any solicitation and with a free1 good will1 so that you may let all who may suffer know what it has done for her4 ,yours truly1 ,m4,w4 ,,scott1 ,u4,s4 ,marshall's ,office1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,a ,,mothers' ,,friend4 ,tanks1 ,cottle ,co41 ,texas4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,i took your ,favorite ,prescription previous to confinement and never did so well in my life4 ,it is only two weeks since my confinement and ,i am able to do my work4 ,i feel stronger than ,i ever did in six weeks before4 ,yours truly1 ,corda ,culpepper ,,bed ,,fast4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,tappan4 ,gentlemen--,for about two years ,i was a constant sufferer from diseases peculiar to my sex4 ,i had to be carried from my bed1 had horrible dreams1 sinking sensations1 was very nervous and had little or no appetite4 ,in short1 my whole body was racked with pain4 ,i had frequent attacks of hysteria1 and was completely discouraged1 for ,i found no medicine did me any good4 ,at last ,i determined to give your ,favorite ,prescription a trial4 ,i had taken but two bottles before ,i felt so much better6 ,i took eleven bottles4 ,to-day ,i am well4 ,i have never felt the least trace of my old complaint in the last six years4 ,we use the ,golden ,medical ,discovery whenever we need a blood-purifier4 ,by its use1 eruptions of all kinds vanish and the skin is rendered clear and soft1 almost as an infants4 ,respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,harry ,,tappan1 ,reynolds1 ,neb4 ,,at ,,death',s ,,door4 ,abita ,springs1 ,la4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,my wife suffered from laceration of the womb and inflammation--she was completely bed-ridden and lingered about one year at death's door4 ,local applications were given her and ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription2 she gradually regained strength and continued to do so until she recovered4 ,i am convinced that any case of womb disease can be certainly and permanently cured by the use of your remedies4 ,m4 ,green ,agt4 ,southern ,exp4 ,co4 ,,heart1 ,,liver1 ,,and ,,stomach ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,landrum4 ,gentlemen--,about nine years ago my health began to fail2 had a continual pain and aching under my right shoulder and in or under my right breast2 ,i could not eat anything but a little milk or bread1 and even that made my stomach pain and hurt me so ,i could not rest2 ,i kept getting weaker all the time and ,i could no longer sit up2 ,i sent for our family physician2 he said ,i had dyspepsia and inflammation of the liver1 and gave me medicine two or three months1 but ,i kept getting weaker all the time2 it seemed to me that ,i was diseased all over2 thought ,i had heart disease2 had the doctor examine my heart several times4 ,i became so discouraged that ,i gave up all hope of ever getting well1 but consented to send to ,dr4 ,pierce for medicine4 ,i commenced taking it and in a short time ,i was able to sit up2 continued to take his medicine three months and felt like a new person--didn't need any more medicine and have not yet4 ,i can eat anything ,i wish2 am sixty-three years old2 can walk a mile without any trouble1 and ,i can truly say that ,i believe it was ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines that saved my life4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,virginia ,,landrum1 ,merino1 ,logan ,co44 ,col4 ,,uterine ,,disease4 ,creston1 ,iowa4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,sir--,my wife improved in health gradually from the time she commenced taking ,favorite ,prescription until now4 ,she has been doing her own housework for the past four months4 ,when she began taking it1 she was scarcely able to be on her feet1 she suffered so from uterine debility4 ,i can heartily recommend it for such cases4 ,yours truly1 ,h4,h4 ,snyder ,,the ,,picture ,,of ,,health4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,meeker4 ,dear ,sir--,my daughter1 ,miss ,,meeker1 was sick and we called in one of the best doctors here4 ,she got so weak that ,i had to help her out of bed and draw her in a chair4 ,she then tried some of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription4 ,in less than a week she was out of bed and has been working about five weeks now1 and looks the picture of health4 ,as for myself ,i am much better of my female complaint4 ,before taking the ,favorite ,prescription1 ,i suffered most of the time from catarrhal inflammation4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,mrs4 ,,nancy ,,meeker1 ,dunraven1 ,delaware ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,lifted ,,the ,,burden4 ,nye1 ,putnam ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,mine is a case of eleven years' standing1 which baffled the skill of the best medical aid procurable4 ,i obtained no good effect1 until ,i began the use of the ,favorite ,prescription1 which lifted the burden which was seeking my life4 ,my gratitude ,i owe to the ,prescription4 ,i hope that all suffering humanity 7as in my case7 may profit by the result of my experience4 ,yours truly1 ,evoline ,neil 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spermatorrhea 7,,seminal ,,weakness71 or emission of semen without copulation1 is generally induced by the early habit of masturbation4 ,it is one of the evidences that passion1 instead of prudence1 has held sway4 ,passion may aptly be termed the voice of the body1 by which1 if we listen1 we are enchanted and led astray4 ,conscience is the voice of the soul1 which remonstrates1 and if we obey1 we shall be guided aright4 ,we cannot reconcile these conflicting voices1 and if we indulge the passions when conscience forbids gratification1 the remembrance of the wrong remains forever1 and constant fear is an everlasting punishment4 ,,wrecked ,,manhood4 ,man possesses few powers which are more highly prized than those of virility1 which is the very essence of manhood4 ,he is but the counterfeit of a man1 who hath not the life of a man4 ,,the ,,semen is a milky fluid of the consistency of mucus4 ,it is secreted by the testicles and is intermixed with the fluids secreted by the prostate and by ,cowper's glands4 ,its fertilizing property depends on the presence of minute bodies1 termed spermatozoa4 ,these consist of little polliwig-shaped bodies 7,fig4 #c71 having large heads and long filaments or tails4 ,under the microscope these little bodies are seen to describe movements not unlike those of polliwigs4 ,,why ,,emissions ,,of ,,the ,,vital ,,fluid ,,debilitate4 ,the seminal fluid consists of the most vital elements in the human body4 ,it not only assists in maintaining the life of the individual1 but communicates the essential1 transforming principle which generates another mortal having an imperishable existence4 ,its waste is a wanton expenditure1 which robs the blood of its richness and exhausts the body of its animating powers4 ,no wonder that its loss enfeebles the constitution1 and results in impotency1 premature decline1 ,st4 ,vitus's dance1 paralysis1 epilepsy1 consumption1 softening of the brain1 and insanity4 ,no wonder that conscience and fear become tormenting inquisitors1 and that the symptoms are changed into imaginary specters of stealthily approaching disease4 ,there is no future pang ,can deal that justice on the self-condemned ,he deals on his own soul4 ,,the ,,practice ,,of ,,onanism squanders the vitality and bankrupts the constitution4 ,indigestion1 innutrition1 emaciation1 shortness of breath1 palpitation1 nervous debility1 are all symptoms of this exhaustion4 ,subsequently1 the yellow skin reveals the bones1 the sunken eyes are surrounded by a leaden circle1 the vivacious imagination becomes dull1 the active mind grows insipid--in short1 the spring1 or vital force1 having lost its tension1 every function wanes in consequence4 ,excessive lustful enjoyment produces feebleness1 and finally terminates in disease and impotency4 ,,seminal ,,weakness may be the result of marital excesses4 ,a proper sexual gratification contributes to the health and happiness of both parties4 ,on the other hand1 intemperate indulgence not only prevents fruitfulness1 but ultimately1 if persisted in1 renders the husband entirely impotent1 and undermines and destroys the constitution of the wife4 ,spermatorrhea may be induced by spinal irritation1 intestinal worms1 or piles4 ,it may also result from inherited1 as well as acquired1 constitutional weakness4 ,,nocturnal ,,or ,,night ,,emissions4 ,involuntary emissions of semen most frequently occur during amorous dreams at night1 and are therefore termed nocturnal emissions4 ,although they are at first occasioned by lascivious dreams1 attended by erections and pleasurable sensations1 yet1 as the disease progresses1 the erections become less perfect and the losses are only revealed by the depression of spirits experienced the following morning1 and by the stiffened and stained spots on the linen4 ,at first1 these emissions may occur but once in two or three weeks1 unless the patient be excited by company1 stimulation1 food1 drinks1 or other causes2 but1 at a later stage of the disease1 they sometimes take place every night4 ,in aggravated cases1 the seminal sacs are so weakened that the warmth of the bed1 friction of the clothing1 reading obscene literature1 viewing indecent pictures1 indulging in lewd conversation1 or even being in the presence of women1 produces a waste of semen--many times unattended by erections4 ,when there is great weakness1 seminal discharges may be induced by lifting heavy weights1 pressure upon the genital organs1 horseback riding1 straining at stool1 or even upon urinating1 as observed when muscular efforts are made to expel the last drops1 which appear thick and viscid4 ,if the urine be allowed to stand for a few hours1 the seminal discharge will be precipitated1 and will form a light-colored deposit at the bottom of the vessel4 ,if the sediment be examined with a microscope1 spermatozoa can readily be detected in it4 ,,wasting ,,away ,,of ,,the ,,testicles4 ,masturbation not only occasions loss of semen1 but frequently the testicles and other generative organs waste and become reduced in size as a result of the abuse4 ,fig4 #a shows the testicle in a healthy condition1 while ,fig4 #b represents one much reduced1 as a result of self-abuse4 ,the celebrated ,dr4 ,drewery1 of ,london1 speaking of the reason why masturbation is so extremely injurious in its effects upon both body and mind1 says3 ,this is a question which ,i have often been asked by patients1 and it is one which is rather difficult to explain to any one not acquainted with the phenomena of reflex nervous action4 ,perhaps the simplest mode of putting it is to say that the effects produced by the excitement of the parts are not the direct result of the stimulation1 but that the excitement of the extremities of the nerves is conveyed through them to the spinal cord and brain1 and that the emission which occurs1 when sufficient stimulus has been applied1 is the result of nervous force reacting upon the parts from the spinal cord back again4 ,this action is termed reflex1 and is similar to that of vomiting1 which is only produced through the medium of the great nervous centres2 so that if the nervous communication between the stomach and spinal cord and brain is cut off1 nothing in the stomach could possibly cause vomiting1 whereas if the communication remains intact1 this action can be immediately produced by irritation of nerves far away from the stomach1 viz41 by tickling the fauces1 as every drunkard is well aware who has ever put his finger down his throat for the purpose of emptying his stomach of the contents which are poisoning him1 but which without the additional stimulus he is unable to expel4 ,it will be seen1 therefore1 from this that the act of emission is only produced through the agency of the spinal cord1 and not by any direct nervous action between the parts which are stimulated1 and those which are concerned in the emission4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,the ,testicle in a healthy condition4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,a ,testicle wasted by ,masturbation4 ,the brain is also concerned to the fullest extent in the production of these phenomena1 as are all the senses of the body2 this is proved by the fact that emissions occur during sleep1 without any excitement beyond the engorgement of the parts with blood1 produced by the cerebellar congestion of the brain1 usually found to follow lying upon the back during sleep4 ,this1 however1 is unnatural and unhealthy1 and is usually the result1 as before pointed out1 of masturbation4 ,but these two important points must be remembered--that emission may be produced by friction merely as a purely spinal reflex action1 and it may be caused by the action of the brain without any friction whatever4 ,both these results are unhealthy and injurious4 ,a true natural and healthy act of sexual intercourse demands the excitement of brain1 spinal cord1 and every nerve in the body simultaneously1 and resembles the lightning flash which restores the equilibrium of electric force disturbed during a thunderstorm4 ,it is useless to endeavor to describe the marvelous actions of nervous force1 but from what has been said it is not difficult to comprehend that if a convulsive action is produced in any part of the body by the sole excitement of the spinal cord1 when it is necessary for its healthy and natural production that the brain and senses generally should be equally excited1 the balance of nerve power is destroyed1 which fact alone is proved by the effects upon the nervous system always following masturbation1 which is the irritation of the spinal cord without the assistance of the brain4 ,,various ,,complications are likely to arise in the progress of this malady4 ,,stricture of ,,the ,,urethra1 or water passage1 is a very common complication and1 even when quite slight1 generally interferes very seriously with the cure of the spermatorrhea when overlooked by the attending physician1 as is very commonly done1 especially when the constriction of the water passage is only slight4 ,very often it occurs in our practice that on examining a case of this disease that has been the rounds of the doctors1 we find a stricture1 which had been entirely overlooked by other practitioners1 being so slight as not to occasion serious obstruction to the flow of urine but yet sufficient to interfere very much with the cure of the spermatorrhea4 ,the size of the urethra1 or water passage1 should bear an exact and proportionate relation to that of the penis1 and when from any cause the urethra is contracted below this normal size1 it should receive attention1 as otherwise the stricture is likely to increase and the passage becomes so constricted as to produce serious disease of the bladder1 and not fail to perpetuate spermatorrhea1 when this disease exists4 ,,hydrocele 7,dropsy of the ,scrotum7 consists of an undue secretion of the fluid which moistens the tunica vaginalis1 and may arise from an irritation of the testicle1 produced by masturbation4 ,this subject is fully considered in the ,medical ,adviser4 ,,varicocele is a dilatation of the veins of the spermatic cord and scrotum1 and is frequently a result of masturbation4 ,it is readily distinguished under the form of a soft1 doughy1 compressible1 knotty1 and unequal enlargement of the veins1 and a tumid condition of the adjacent parts4 ,one writer1 speaking of the enlargement of the spermatic vessels1 describes them as feeling like a coiled up bundle of worms4 ,,disease ,,of ,,the ,,prostate ,,gland is frequently caused by solitary indulgence4 ,venereal excesses produce congestion and the gland is overnourished4 ,it becomes greatly enlarged1 a condition called hypertrophy4 ,this affection gives rise to a heavy feeling or pressure in the region below the bladder1 and often interferes seriously with urination1 and gives great pain and uneasiness1 and often results in grave and dangerous complications4 ,,prostatorrhea consists of an unnatural flowing or wasting of the prostatic secretion1 which may be known by its mucous-like appearance1 and1 when placed within the field of the microscope1 by the absence of spermatozoa or fecundating germs4 ,it is often mistaken for spermatorrhea1 or for gleet1 by inexperienced and careless physicians4 ,for a full consideration of diseases of the prostate gland1 see ,part ,,ix of our ,dime ,series of pamphlets1 which will be sent on receipt of ten cents in postage stamps4 ,again1 the habit of self-pollution weakens all the structures of the genital organs1 and induces seminal waste1 which may lead to a morbid diminution in the size of the prostate gland4 ,this condition1 which is exactly the opposite of the one above described1 is atrophy4 ,any disease which renders the circulation in the prostate gland languid and feeble interferes with the nutrition of that organ and impairs its function4 ,,impotency 7,loss of ,sexual ,power74 ,masturbation prevents the excitability of the nervous system and sexual organs and causes debility1 which is indicated by the premature discharge of semen during sexual intercourse4 ,these premature emissions indicate not only partial impotency1 but also that the nerve-centres have become morbidly sensitive by the practice of solitary vice1 or marital excesses4 ,at length the powers of the erectile tissues are diminished1 and there is weakness which prevents the act of copulation1 or the erection may be slow and not last long enough1 on account of a faulty functional condition of the spinal cord4 ,a ,,peculiar ,,form ,,of ,,impotency is associated with certain abnormal nutritive changes which give rise to a lymphatic or fat condition of the system4 ,not that the temperament in all these cases is originally lymphatic1 but the system degenerates in consequence of nutritive perversion4 ,with the loss of sexual ardor1 there is also apathy of mind1 loss of manliness1 and the victim becomes cold1 dispassionate1 and treacherous1 devoid of any admiration or love for the opposite sex4 ,he acquires rotundity of person1 the face is fat1 smooth1 often beardless1 and the voice is feminine4 ,the victims of this disease represent two distinct classes1 viz43 7#a7 those who are fearfully tormented by the consciousness that they are losing their virile powers1 and become irritable1 jealous and often desperate2 and 7#b7 those who are completely indifferent to this deprivation4 7#a47 ,patients of the former class are readily restored to health by proper treatment1 for they are willing to make an effort for the recovery of their manly powers4 ,there is not complete loss of sexual desire1 yet their disappointment is so great that they may entertain suicidal thoughts4 ,they are moody1 fickle1 discontented1 excitable1 and remarkably impulsive4 ,with proper treatment1 they regain tone of body1 vigor of mind1 an increase of sexual desire1 and become more attentive to business affairs1 and less indifferent to the gentler sex4 ,with the restoration of the general health and the sexual functions1 remarkable constitutional changes occur4 ,it is often the case that their intimate friends hardly recognize them by looks or acts4 7#b47 ,it is equally true that those who are wholly indifferent to the loss of virile power1 uninterested in the evidences of their manhood1 are sometimes incurable4 ,in fact1 it is useless to treat the latter class1 because they will neither co-operate with the physician1 nor persist in the treatment necessary to effect a radical and constitutional change4 ,masturbation perverts and finally destroys the secretory functions of the testicles4 ,it sometimes causes chronic inflammation1 which may result in obliteration of the minute seminal canals1 or obstruction of the conveying ducts4 ,the sperm is imperfectly elaborated and totally unfit for procreative purposes4 ,sometimes the spermatozoa are entirely absent1 and1 when present1 are very few in number1 incomplete in structure1 diseased1 and deficient in power as well as in organization4 ,fig4 #c represents the spermatozoa in a healthy condition1 and ,fig4 #d1 when they are sickly1 deficient and inanimate4 ,the husband may appear to be healthy1 and his inability to procreate may be erroneously considered a defect in his wife4 ,,symptoms ,,of ,,spermatorrhea4 ,the indications of abuse of the sexual organs are loss of nervous energy1 dullness of the mental faculties1 and delight in obscene stories4 ,the expression of the face becomes coarse1 and the movements slow2 the eye is sunken1 the face bloated and pale1 and the disposition is fretful and irritable2 the appetite is capricious1 the throat irritated1 and the patient makes frequent attempts to clear it1 in order to speak distinctly4 ,there are pains in the chest1 wakefulness1 and during the night lascivious thoughts and desires4 ,the relish for play or labor is gone1 and a growing distaste for business is apparent2 there is a determination of blood to the head1 headache1 noises and roaring sounds in the ears1 the eyes may be blood-shot and watery1 weak or painful1 the patient imagines bright spots or flashes passing before them1 and there may be partial blindness4 ,there is increasing stolidity of expression1 the eye is without sparkle1 and the face becomes blotched and animal-like in its expression4 ,the victim is careless of his personal appearance1 not unscrupulously neat1 and not unfrequently a rank odor exhales from the body4 ,there are troublesome sensations1 as of itching and crawling1 in and about the scrotum4 ,subsequently1 there is obstinate constipation1 and all the symptoms of dyspepsia follow4 ,gradually the pallor deepens1 the patient becomes emaciated4 ,there is a shortness of breath1 palpitation after even moderate exercise1 trembling of the knees1 and eruptions on the skin4 ,there may also be cough1 hoarseness1 stitch in the side1 loss of voice4 ,the sleep is not refreshing1 the patient has frequent nightmare1 or the dreams are lascivious1 and the involuntary emissions of semen become more frequent4 ,the weakness increasing1 the sufferer experiences a weakness in his legs and staggers like a drunken man1 his hands tremble and he stammers4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,microscopic appearance of healthy semen4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,microscopic appearance of semen which will not fecundate4 ,the victim is unable to concentrate his thoughts1 cannot remember what he reads1 and is mentally indolent4 ,he begins to be suspicious of his friends1 has less confidence in others1 and desires to be alone1 is despondent and has suicidal thoughts4 ,he has pain in the back1 does not like to walk1 and is inclined to lie down4 ,the semen is prematurely discharged upon attempting coition1 and if there be offspring1 it is apt to be feeble or subject to scrofula1 consumption1 or convulsions4 ,the genital organs1 especially the penis and testicles1 diminish in size1 as the disease progresses1 lose their energy1 and the glands of the penis become cold and flaccid4 ,there is frequent desire to urinate1 chronic irritation in the neck of the bladder1 and pain in the spermatic cord and testicle1 and sometimes in the end of the penis4 ,the microscope shows that semen involuntarily discharged may be devoid of spermatozoa1 or if present1 they are defective1 their heads being without tails4 ,the urine is loaded with mucus or bears up a filmy1 membranous1 transparent matter1 or it may be covered with a thin fluid having an oily appearance1 but in rare cases is clear4 ,again1 it may hold substances in solution1 which are deposited in crystals or incrust the urine1 or it may precipitate a material having the appearance of brick-dust1 and sometimes semen tinged with blood4 ,the dyspeptic symptoms when present are followed by diarrhea4 ,the limbs are cramped and rigid1 the feet bloated1 and the patient becomes melancholy and relinquishes all hope of recovery4 ,as the disease progresses1 the patient lacks firmness and is absent-minded4 ,when the erections are imperfect and the semen is prematurely discharged1 or when a lengthy coition is required before the sperm can be ejected1 it is evident that the patient is rapidly becoming impotent2 the virile powers are vanishing and manhood is surrendering sway to a merciless foe4 ,we frequently witness this condition in men1 even at the age of thirty-five1 when the summit of vigor and strength should only have been reached4 ,how often are we solicited to restore these lost hopes and powers6 ,to what tales of ignorance and recklessness1 or submission and remorse1 do we repeatedly listen from these unfortunate sufferers6 ,in patients of this class1 sexual intercourse prevents spontaneous emissions1 but it does not remove the functional and organic derangements of the nerve-centres2 hence1 at a time when the victims of this disease should be in the prime of life1 they are impotent1 and epilepsy1 apoplexy1 paralysis1 softening of the brain1 or insanity1 frequently results4 ,,epilepsy 7,,or ,,fits74 ,this dread disease is one of the most common and serious complications of the more advanced stages of spermatorrhea4 ,the injury done to the nerve-centres by the practice of masturbation is manifested in epileptic convulsions1 more or less frequent4 ,if proper treatment be early adopted1 and faithfully pursued1 the case is not yet hopeless2 though1 in the majority of cases1 the patient never recovers after the disease assumes this phase4 ,,paralysis4 ,paralysis1 or ,palsy1 when occurring as a complication of spermatorrhea1 may be preceded by an attack of apoplexy1 in which the patient loses consciousness1 and lays in a condition of profound stupor for a time1 and on recovery from his unconscious state1 finds himself unable to use one or more of his limbs1 or the disability and loss of power1 which may also be accompanied by more or less loss of sensation1 may come on gradually1 without any premonition or marked manifestation of its approach4 ,in either case1 its appearance is to be regarded as a matter of serious importance4 ,paralysis1 when occurring as a consequence of masturbation or sexual excesses1 is usually difficult of cure2 yet1 now and then1 cases are cured at our ,institutions even after this grave malady has appeared as a complication4 ,,softening ,,of ,,the ,,brain4 ,this malady1 although less common as a result of masturbation than the complications mentioned in the preceding paragraphs1 is of sufficiently frequent occurrence to entitle it to a passing notice here4 ,this condition usually results ultimately in complete dementia1 or loss of reason4 ,it is an incurable disease4 ,,insanity4 ,this deplorable malady is not a very uncommon result of masturbation and its various resultant morbid conditions1 as the records of the many institutions for the unfortunate class of sufferers from this disease bear abundant witness4 ,sometimes it manifests itself in the milder forms of hallucination1 or monomania1 but in the majority of cases1 the patient sinks into a despondent hypochondria1 which is many times followed1 sooner or later1 by a raving mania4 ,in cases of monomania resulting from masturbation1 the mental derangement is often so slight as to escape detection by the patient's friends1 the peculiar freaks of disposition being regarded rather as eccentricities of character than as symptoms of serious disease4 ,fits of despondency are usually common with such sufferers4 ,the mental derangement is not always accompanied or preceded by spermatorrhea or frequent seminal emissions1 the injury done to the nervous system by the practice of self-abuse1 or sexual excesses1 being first noticeable in various phantasms or imaginings on the part of the patient4 ,these are1 in different cases1 so various1 both in character and degree1 as not to admit of any classification1 each case presenting phases peculiar to itself4 ,in many cases1 the patient imagines that his best friends are conspiring to injure him1 or that some great calamity is about to befall him4 ,in most cases there is danger of the patient's committing suicide1 if not closely watched4 ,especially is this true of those who suffer from fits of hypochondria4 ,except in its milder forms1 insanity resulting from masturbation and sexual excesses1 is rarely curable4 ,,don',t ,,be ,,alarmed4 ,a nocturnal seminal emission now and then1 or at long intervals is not1 in and of itself1 evidence of the existence of spermatorrhea or other serious disease4 ,a full blooded1 strong1 passionate man1 in vigorous health1 and who has never abused himself1 may now and then1 at long intervals1 if his sexual passions be not gratified naturally1 or if he permit his mind to run much upon lascivious subjects1 experience an emission while asleep and dreaming4 ,as to whether such occurrences are evidence of disease or not1 in any given case1 depends upon their frequency1 and as to whether they are the result of a weakness of the organs and are followed by more or less depression and debility1 or are merely the overflow of a robust system1 or the outburst of restrained1 pent-up1 and ungratified passions4 ,in the latter case1 and when only occurring at long intervals1 the emissions are not followed by any perceptible enervating or weakening effects4 ,,quackery ,,rampant4 ,this country is flooded with cheap circulars and pamphlets1 circulated openly and broadcast1 wherein ignorant1 pretentious1 blatant quacks endeavor to frighten young men who may never have practiced self-abuse1 or been guilty of excesses in any way1 and yet who experience1 now and then at long intervals1 nocturnal seminal emissions4 ,in such cases1 it is the duty of the conscientious1 honest1 and sympathetic practitioner of the healing art to give assurance1 and not to unnecessarily alarm those who experience nothing inconsistent with a state of fairly good health4 ,to frighten such young men into believing themselves diseased1 when in reality they experience nothing but what may occasionally occur in the experiences of any robust1 healthy man1 is the most detestable1 downright quackery4 ,,treating ,,the ,,wrong ,,disease4 ,not only are many men subjected to useless treatment by general practitioners who overlook the real disease1 caused by pernicious youthful habits pursued in solitude1 or later excesses in venery1 but the female sex are also quite as often subjected to treatment for diseases which do not exist1 the real trouble being nervous debility and other weaknesses that have resulted from the youthful pernicious practices common to both sexes1 or later excesses in marital pleasures4 ,,moral ,,considerations4 ,masturbation is a habit which tyrannizes over the mind1 perverts the imagination1 and forces upon the victim venereal desires1 even while he is forming the strongest resolutions to reform4 ,it constrains into its service the higher faculties1 such as friendship1 confidence1 love1 reason1 and imagination1 to make its ideal graceful and beautiful4 ,,sensual ,,lust4 ,the fancy creates an attractive partner1 possessed of girlish beauty1 a perfect type of goodness1 blended with sexuality1 and whom the subject worships with all the ardor of passion4 ,around this beau ideal all his affections are clustered2 to her the purest of his blood is offered in sacrifice1 and it is no wonder that female associates seem tame and unattractive when such imaginary and consummate divinity is courted4 ,in the sensual delirium is conceived an elysium of carnal bliss1 where half-nude nymphs display their charms and invite to sensual enjoyments4 ,thus we see how this habit makes the spiritual faculties subservient to morbid passion1 and by what means elevating influences are prostituted to vulgar and base-born creations4 ,,symptoms ,,vary ,,in ,,different ,,cases4 ,we can only partially delineate the terrible effects resulting from the abuse of the sexual organs4 ,the symptoms are multitudinous1 but1 as we have before stated1 no two persons are similarly influenced by this disease4 ,the symptoms will vary according to the severity of the affection1 the age of the patient1 and his constitutional peculiarities4 ,the presence of only a few of the symptoms which we have enumerated is evidence of abnormal weakness1 which demands treatment4 ,montaigne says3 ,we must see and get acquainted with our sins if we expect to correct them4 ,virtue presupposes trials just as much as victory implies warfare4 ,the triumph of virtue is to defeat morbid or excessive passion1 for virtue is only realized when it is a conquering force4 ,innocence is passive but virtue is an active quality1 purified in the fiery furnace of temptation4 ,as men have in all ages been influenced by passions1 so temptation has ever found its victims4 ,it is an obligation that one owes to himself to overcome every evil passion or weakness to which he is subject1 and the discharge of this personal duty requires moral courage4 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,virtue4 ,our ,saviour invited all erring mortals to enter upon a higher life when ,he said1 ,come unto ,me1 all ye that labor and are heavy laden1 and ,i will give you rest4 ,the invitation is accompanied with a promise4 ,to all who are weary of excess and bowed down by passion1 rest and restoration are promised1 if they will but reform and employ proper means to that end4 ,,the ,,sufferers ,,must ,,reform4 ,just as there is no spiritual restoration without obeying the ,saviour1 so there can be no physical restoration unless we fulfill nature's imposed conditions4 ,there can be no salvation unless sin be discarded1 and so there can be no redemption from the bad effects of a practice1 so long as it is continued4 ,it is no easy task to master a despotic passion4 ,appetite is often stronger than the will4 ,the treatment must begin with moral reformation4 ,every manly impulse1 and all the higher qualities of the patient's nature1 must be enlisted in the struggle for virtue and health4 ,if the passions are restrained1 then the capital of health increases1 for the saving of the vital secretions is equal to compound interest4 ,this illustrates the truth of the ,latin proverb3 ,no gain is so certain as that which proceeds from the economical use of what you have6 ,the patient actually acquires confidence and manly courage by the retention of the seminal fluid1 which directly increases his virile powers4 ,,hygienic ,,advice ,,to ,,patients4 ,daily physical exercise and regular habits must be established4 ,it is important that the mind1 as well as the physical powers1 be directed into active and wholesome channels4 ,there must be restraint and discipline4 ,it is useless to begin medical treatment while the patient continues to read exciting1 amorous stories and obscene books1 which are suggestive of lewd thoughts4 ,something practical ought to occupy the thoughts and engage the hands4 ,regular and vigorous physical exercise is necessary to assist the circulation of the blood1 and compel its determination into the minute and extreme parts of the vascular system4 ,when the blood is thus directed1 nutrition is more vigorous and the activity of all the functions is augmented4 ,not only should there be regularity in eating1 but sound discretion should be exercised in selecting a plain1 wholesome diet1 consisting of such articles of food as best favor a daily and free evacuation of the bowels4 ,avoid the use of those articles of food which produce excessive acidity of the stomach4 ,hearty or late suppers are not allowable4 ,the patient should use no alcoholic beverages1 and should abstain from such stimulants as tea1 coffee1 beer1 wine1 and tobacco4 ,we cannot even recommend their moderate use1 for total abstinence is the better plan4 ,the patient should sleep in a well-ventilated room1 on a hard bed1 and have only sufficient covering for warmth and comfort4 ,he should not lie upon the back1 because in this position nightly emissions are more likely to occur4 ,the patient should go to bed when he feels sleepy1 and not resist the inclination until wakefulness is induced4 ,he should rise early in the morning and immediately take a cold hand bath4 ,for this purpose a quart or two of water and a common hand towel only are required4 ,after bathing1 rub the surface of the body with the dry hand or a crash towel1 and continue the friction until the skin is red and a reaction is established4 ,do not excuse yourself from following these hygienic suggestions4 ,a refreshing bath changes the morbid sensibilities to a more healthful state by the reaction of the nervous system4 ,it is beneficial to apply a towel saturated with cold water to the genital organs fifteen minutes before leaving the bed4 ,douching1 or showering the genital organs with cold water once or twice a day will also be beneficial4 ,it should not be practiced1 however1 just before going to bed4 ,it is well to bathe the head with cold water1 and this can be done much better if the hair be kept closely cut4 ,horseback riding1 climbing1 and all exercises which rub1 chafe1 or excite the genital organs1 should be avoided4 ,even the clothing should be loose1 so that walking will not produce friction or cause any excitement of these organs4 ,the calls of nature should receive prompt attention1 and the urine be voided at any time 7especially during the night7 when there is an inclination4 ,if there be irritation of the bladder and lower bowels1 the patient will receive decided benefit from the daily use of an injection of cold water into the bowels4 ,from a half pint to a pint of cold water may be used at one time1 and the injection should be retained for a few minutes before going to bed4 ,the bowels will thus be relieved1 the heat and irritation subdued1 and the liability to seminal emissions lessened4 ,patients afflicted with spermatorrhea should not allow their thoughts to dwell upon their ailments1 for they are apt to become moody1 self-deceived1 and even insane upon this subject4 ,to avoid this1 harmless amusements should be indulged in1 and good moral company cultivated4 ,they become suspicious1 skeptical1 and believe that they are victims of imposture4 ,when they lose self-reliance1 their faith and trust in others begins to waver1 especially if their health does not improve so rapidly as they had anticipated3 ,as much depends upon the faithful observance of the hygienic rules as upon the constant and proper use of medicines4 ,the rapidity of recovery depends upon the constitutional energies and the vigor of the vital resources4 ,if the blood be greatly impoverished1 or the nervous system much impaired1 recovery will be necessarily slow4 ,time1 patience1 and perseverance1 are just as essential to a recovery from the effects of these abuses as the best medical treatment that can be employed4 ,,the ,,medical ,,treatment ,,of ,,spermatorrhea ,,and ,,impotency4 ,few diseases require so many modifications of treatment1 to suit the peculiarities of individual cases as spermatorrhea1 because it is attended with so many complications and morbid functional and structural changes4 ,every complication must be considered1 and great judgment exercised in the selection of remedies4 ,as this selection must depend upon the peculiarities of the case involved1 it is impossible to impart to the non-professional readers sufficient medical knowledge to enable them to choose the appropriate remedies for these intricate disorders4 ,hence it would be useless to specify the various medicines which our specialists employ in treating them4 ,it would only lead to many fruitless experiments1 which might result in great harm to the afflicted4 ,for remedies powerful enough to effect cures of spermatorrhea and impotency are capable1 when improperly employed1 of doing great harm4 ,especially should all ready-made1 proprietary or put-up medicines1 such as are sold in drug stores and chemists' shops1 be avoided1 for reasons already mentioned4 ,great harm1 also1 often results from the employment of galvanic belts1 galvanic batteries and pads1 and other catch-penny devices1 with which the too confiding are not only duped and swindled1 but terribly injured4 ,they are all worse than useless1 and often render the mildest case very difficult to cure by inducing serious complications4 ,it is better to take no medical treatment1 but rely solely on the hygienic advice we have given1 rather than to resort to any of the so-called specifics found in the drug shops1 or to any such silly1 good-for-nothing trash as the various ,pastilles1 ,boluses1 ,curative ,rings1 ,voltaic ,belts1 or other quackish medicines and contrivances4 ,,importance ,,of ,,hygienic ,,discipline4 ,the invalid should restrict his attention to hygiene1 and learn that patient endurance and heroic perseverance are necessary1 even when taking the most efficient remedies4 ,his entire system having gradually become deranged1 corrective medicines must necessarily be chronic in their operations2 in other words1 they must act insensibly1 slowly1 and progressively4 ,some of the symptoms of sexual weakness will1 under proper hygienic and medical treatment1 generally begin to disappear within a month4 ,if the nervous system be very much impaired1 however1 a longer time will elapse before the restorative effects of treatment will be observed4 ,neither the physician nor the patient should expect that a broken-down constitution can be immediately repaired4 ,the day of miracles is past4 ,the most rational method of treating the sick promises nothing supernatural1 nothing which is not in accordance with science4 ,diseases of this character are always slow in their inception1 or development and progress1 and must be cured in like manner1 step by step4 ,nature never hurries2 atom by atom1 little by little1 she achieves her work4 ,,our ,,improved ,,treatment4 ,tears ago our specialists resolved to pay particular attention to the investigation and treatment of these diseases1 which are not only alarmingly prevalent1 but sadly neglected and mistreated by the general practitioner of medicine4 ,,unfailing ,,remedies4 ,having successfully treated many thousands of cases1 we can safely say of our remedies that they are very positive in their remedial effects4 ,the great success which has attended the employment of these remedies has led us to rely upon them with implicit faith4 ,by their persistent use1 spermatorrhea and threatened impotency can be cured as readily as other chronic or lingering diseases4 ,we particularly solicit those cases which have heretofore been regarded as incurable4 ,the patient is subjected to no surgical operation1 and he can safely and accurately follow the directions given1 while the treatment does not interfere with any ordinary occupation in which he may be engaged4 ,these delicate diseases should not be intrusted to physicians who advertise under fictitious names1 or to those of ordinary qualifications4 ,the general practitioner may be thoroughly read in these diseases1 but he cannot acquire the skill of a specialist who annually treats thousands of cases1 while the former seldom1 if ever1 has occasion to prescribe for them4 ,,signs ,,of ,,improvement ,,when ,,under ,,treatment4 ,under our peculiar and improved system of treatment1 gradual improvement in the patient's condition will be manifested4 ,the eye becomes more brilliant and sparkling1 the patient is less morose1 his digestion improves1 he is less listless and despondent1 takes more interest in business and other affairs1 his sleep is less disturbed and more refreshing1 the strength improves1 and1 if the sexual organs had become wasted in size1 weak in function1 and flaccid and soft1 they begin1 by and by1 to have more tone and firmness1 and to develope and increase in size1 as their nutrition is restored1 by the checking of the exhausting drain which they have sustained4 ,if nocturnal emissions occur occasionally1 the discharge will1 under the microscope1 be found to be less watery1 and to contain increased numbers of spermatozoa1 with heads and filaments perfect4 ,the patient now begins to gain in self-confidence1 courage1 and other manly attributes1 and1 instead of the bashful1 retiring1 nervous1 languid hypochondriac1 we see a man of ambition and energy1 competent to battle with the adversities of life4 ,who can estimate the value of such a transformation from nervousness and despondency to vigorous manhood8 ,who would begrudge all their earthly goods and treasures when thus afflicted1 to be so restored to health and enjoyment for of what avail are the greatest riches when health and manhood itself are lost8 ,,our ,,terms ,,business-,,like ,,and ,,fair4 ,occasionally persona solicit us to undertake the cure of these ailments1 and1 in case of failure1 receive no compensation4 ,they write3 ,if you will warrant that your prescriptions will result in a perfect restoration to health1 we will gladly pay the fees that you ask4 ,the absurdity of such a request is apparent1 and therefore we answer3 ,we cannot warrant that you will live even for the next twenty-four hours4 ,we do not bet1 play for stakes1 or wager our skill for money4 ,personal responsibility cannot be shifted or evaded1 and life and health1 with all their momentous considerations1 are necessarily individual affairs4 ,therefore a proposal to make the conditions of health a subject of speculation is a challenge to gamble4 ,the patient may not comply with the specified conditions1 and the physician's success depends upon a faithful application of the prescribed treatment4 ,for these reasons only a quack will be a party to any such transaction4 ,ours is not a trading1 hazardously speculative profession4 ,besides1 thousands of our patients reside long distances away and we cannot know of their responsibility or honesty1 nor spend time inquiring after their financial standing4 ,,evidences ,,of ,,the ,,curability ,,of ,,spermatorrhea ,,and ,,impotency4 ,many individuals afflicted with spermatorrhea and impotency1 particularly those who have been swindled by some of the many charlatans who are to be found in nearly every city1 are incredulous1 and doubt our ability to cure these maladies4 ,others are skeptical1 because their physician1 who may be a very skillful general practitioner1 but who has had very little or no experience in treating these delicate maladies1 has failed to relieve them1 and1 perhaps1 has told them the disease is incurable4 ,we therefore beg the indulgence of our readers for here offering some indisputable evidence of the extraordinary success which we have achieved1 by our peculiar methods of treating these affections1 as pursued at the ,world's ,dispensary and ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,this evidence is introduced for the encouragement of an unfortunate class of invalids1 for many of whom existence has ceased to possess any charms4 ,the grateful manifestations which we have received from this class of sufferers have afforded us one of the greatest pleasures of our lives1 and have alone been a rich remuneration for the diligent study and arduous labors devoted to the investigation of these diseases and to the perfecting of our peculiar and successful methods of treating them4 ,,sacredly ,,confidential4 ,in introducing the following extracts from our extensive files of letters1 the names of the writers will be omitted1 as we regard all such correspondence1 as well as facts communicated to us in personal consultations1 as sacredly confidential4 ,lack of space and fear of wearying the reader1 prevent us from introducing more than a few extracts2 but these are only fair samples of thousands that have been received4 ,those given1 present cases in almost every stage of treatment1 some soon after commencing1 others further advanced1 and still others which are cured4 ,if we could devote the space1 and had we time to select them1 we could insert an almost unlimited number of those received from patients who have been perfectly cured2 but we think the reader will be more interested in expressions coming from patients in all stages of treatment1 as they are daily received4 ,therefore1 without regard for literary excellence1 we append a number chosen miscellaneously1 and given verbatim4 ,they express the sentiments of persons in all stages of life1 and illustrate the views and feelings generally entertained by those whom we have been called upon to treat4 ,the following extracts are spontaneous acknowledgments1 and are1 therefore1 more valuable and truthful than if obtained by solicitation1 a practice contrary to our sense of propriety1 and1 hence1 one in which we never indulge4 ,although ofttimes less expressive of satisfaction and gratitude than if the communication were presented in full1 yet only sufficient space can be spared for a brief quotation from each letter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials ,,case #age1hbg4 ,,impotency1 ,,constipation1 ,,and ,,seminal ,,loss ,,at ,,stool ,,and ,,with ,,the ,,urine4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,since ,i have taken the remainder of a third month's treatment that you gave me ,i have been relieved of my trouble4 ,the emissions have ceased and the losses at stool and in the water have left me4 ,eighteen months ago ,i was almost a complete wreck2 now ,i take an ,interest in business and am in excellent health4 ,respectfully1 ,s41 ,waveland1 ,ind4 ,,case #agg1jfh4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,loss ,,of ,,vital ,,strength4 ,,cared ,,with ,,seven ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,you have undoubtedly wondered at my long silence4 ,since last ,i wrote you there has been a marked change in my life 7of which ,i will speak further on71 under your skillful treatment4 ,i improved so rapidly1 notwithstanding the many interruptions which misfortune on my part occasioned1 that six months ago ,i considered myself cured4 ,i have been married three months and a half to a worthy woman1 who should have gained for herself a husband who never deviated from a virtuous path as much as ,i2 but the attachment formed was so strong that no misfortune seemed powerful enough to sever it4 ,the barrier which seemed insurmountable1 and which ,i had erected myself by early indiscretions and excesses1 has given way1 thanks to your superior medical knowledge and skillful treatment4 ,again ,i can hold up my head and say1 ,i am a man4 ,i never fail to call the attention of my friends to your ,institution as the best in the world1 for ,i have reason to know that it is truly so4 ,i have recommended two friends of mine to you1 who are under your treatment1 and are getting well4 ,one has tried all the local physicians1 and many firms1 but with no success4 ,may ,god bless you1 and may your ,institution meet with all the success it so richly deserves1 is the prayer and wish of one you have caved4 ,j41 ,leadville1 ,colo4 ,,case #agh1fff4 ,,emissions1 ,,and ,,loss ,,of ,,weight ,,and ,,strength4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have had no emissions now for some time1 and feel well in every way4 ,i am gaining in strength and weight1 and find ,i shall not need further medical treatment4 ,the four months' medicines that you have sent me have effected a radical regeneration in my health1 and ,i thank you for it4 ,m41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,,case #aaa1dgg4 ,,spermatorrhea ,,and ,,irritable ,,bladder2 ,,cured ,,by ,,two ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,this was a badly complicated case of spermatorrhea1 the patient being also troubled with frequent urination1 partial impotency1 mucous discharges from the urethra1 and a burning sensation in the testicle and groin4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i took the two months' treatment sent me by you as directed4 ,after taking the first month's treatment the emissions ceased entirely1 my appetite increased1 and ,i slept much better4 ,eight months ago ,i finished the second month's treatment and have since been in perfect health4 ,i am fully convinced that you do every thing that you promise4 ,i am1 gentlemen1 yours respectfully1 ,r41 ,fort ,totten1 ,dakota4 ,,case #bff1jhj4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,threatened ,,impotency4 ,a ,,severe ,,case1 ,,cured ,,by ,,six ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have received the last medicine sent me1 and have taken all with the best results4 ,i have so improved in health that ,i think it unnecessary for me to take any more medicine4 ,it is now several days since ,i took the last of the medicine1 and have not had any return of the disease4 ,the desire to masturbate seems to have left me1 and ,i feel well1 happy and strong4 ,when ,i look back to the time before ,i commenced to take your medicine1 the change that has taken place seems wonderful4 ,i had lost all hope of being restored from the ruinous habit ,i had practiced for many years without knowing how fatal it was to health4 ,i tried hard to stop the practice1 but it had grown so strong on me that ,i would always practice it again1 and was fast becoming impotent4 ,had emissions at night2 was nervous1 downhearted2 and ,i lost flesh1 and felt miserable in many ways too numerous to mention4 ,but now ,i feel healthy and well4 ,if ,i had been more careful1 and had not stopped treatment so soon before1 ,i might have been cured in four or five months4 ,nevertheless1 ,i am well satisfied1 and thankful that ,i am restored to health in six months2 and ,i wish to express my sincere thanks to you and your ,institution1 for ,i owe my restoration to health and happiness to you4 ,if in the future ,i need any medical skill1 ,i shall always apply to your ,institution1 being certain of receiving the best attention4 ,yours thankfully1 ,s41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,,case #fb1cfe4 ,,very ,,bad ,,case ,,of ,,spermatorrhea ,,and ,,impotency4 ,,cured ,,with ,,six ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,it has now been nine months since ,i stopped your treatment1 and as there has been no return of former symptoms1 ,i judge there can be no doubt as to my cure being permanent4 ,i must confess that1 having been duped and swindled by so many previous to visiting you1 ,i had not much confidence when ,i went to ,buffalo to see you4 ,but your specialists1 and your ,manager1 seemed to talk so straightforwardly and without making any of those extravagant promises that ,i have become so used to1 that ,i became convinced of your skill before ,i had been long in your wonderful ,institution4 ,i think almost any invalid who will visit your ,hotel1 and see for themselves the wonderful appliances that you have accumulated for the cure of disease1 must soon become convinced that if there can be any hope of relief it can be secured there1 if anywhere4 ,there ,i saw those who told me they had been brought there on beds or couches for hundreds of miles1 and that they had not been able to walk for two to four years1 and yet with two or three months' treatment were able to go about everywhere1 and were about ready to return home4 ,such experiences as these established my confidence1 and to-day ,i bless the day ,i first visited the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,true1 it took six months to cure me1 but ,i presume you seldom have cases to equal in severity the condition ,i was in when ,i applied to you4 ,i was so bad1 as you will remember1 though ,i do not suppose you rely upon any thing but your records in referring to cases1 having so many under treatment at all times1 at all events1 if you will turn to the record of my case1 which is ,file ,no4 #fb1cfe1 you will see that ,i had discharges of semen every time my bowels moved and without erections4 ,in fact1 ,i was completely impotent4 ,i am now as strong and vigorous as any man4 ,you told me it would probably take a year to cure me1 but as you accomplished it in five months1 though ,i continued to take medicine a month longer to insure against a relapse1 ,i think myself very fortunate4 ,should any of your staff have occasion to come this way1 ,i should be only to glad to do any thing ,i can to entertain them4 ,gratefully yours1 ,c41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,case #ahc1iih4 ,,general ,,debility4 ,,emissions ,,and ,,loss ,,of ,,energy4 ,,urinary ,,irritation4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,the reason for my not continuing treatment further than the fourth month1 is the fact that my health is so much improved that ,i do not need it4 ,i feel like a new being4 ,all of my bad symptoms are gone1 and ,i feel that ,i am cured4 ,for eight months my health has continued to improve all the time4 ,i owe you and your staff a debt of gratitude that ,i can never pay4 ,yours with thanks1 ,h41 ,johnson's ,bayou1 ,la4 ,,case #aeb1ejd4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,mr4 ,s41 of ,bagwell1 ,texas1 writes as follows3 language fails to express my gratitude for what your treatment has done for me4 ,i have gained forty-two pounds since coming under your care4 ,my cure is perfect4 ,,case #agd1fbh4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,extremely ,,bad ,,case4 ,,loss ,,of ,,voice2 ,,threatened ,,with ,,consumption4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am thankful to say that as a result of eight months' treatment you have given me1 the symptoms of my disease have been entirely removed4 ,my voice has got strong and clear1 and my breathing is easy and natural4 ,my weight is increased1 and in every way ,i am feeling well4 ,i cannot refrain from penning a few lines4 ,h41 ,port ,hope1 ,ont4 ,,case #aac1bgd4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,mr4 ,k41 of ,kalamazoo1 ,mich41 writes3 ,i feel that you have proven to be the best friend ,i have on earth4 ,it is about three weeks now since ,i finished the last month's medicines1 and ,i feel as strong as ,i ever did in my life4 ,when ,i commenced taking your medicines ,i only weighed #aee pounds1 but now ,i weigh #agj pounds4 ,i feel strong and rugged2 my step is firm and bold2 and ,i feel altogether a new man1 for which ,i return you my sincere thanks4 ,,case #agc1cii4 ,,emissions4 ,,loss ,,of ,,weight ,,and ,,appetite2 ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i write to let you know that my health is improved1 and to thank you for the same4 ,the emissions occur only at intervals of several months1 and ,i do not have any more polluting dreams4 ,i am better in every way4 ,my appetite is improved1 and my digestion is perfect4 ,have gained in weight1 and sleep well4 ,i have not required all of the last supply of medicine1 the sixth month1 and ,i think ,i will pull through all right4 ,please accept my thanks for the benefit effected4 ,d41 ,valparaiso1 ,ind4 ,,case #de1geg4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,received yours dated ,oct4 #bgth1 and am happy to say that ,i have so far recovered as to believe further treatment unnecessary4 ,i feel like a new man2 am able to do a full day's work without pain or laziness4 ,i am very thankful for the benefits ,i have received through your skill1 and should ,i think it necessary at any time for me to renew the treatment1 ,i will be glad to call on you4 ,yours with great respect4 ,a41 ,zanesville1 ,o4 ,,case #age1cae4 ,,spermatorrhea2 ,,dizziness ,,and ,,biliousness2 ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am in good health1 and can say that ,i am cured4 ,the emissions have stopped1 and ,i have no unnatural discharges1 nor dizziness in the head4 ,my health is good in general1 and ,i work hard every day4 ,physically1 ,i have a good appetite and digestion1 which is a great change from what it was when you first treated me4 ,although ,i continued the treatment for eight months1 owing to the complications and severity of my case1 yet ,i am thankful for the great relief4 ,d41 ,newport1 ,ark4 ,,case #ci1fbe4 ,,seminal ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,my case was one of long standing1 and had brought me to think and meditate more of dying a consumptive's death1 than living4 ,the ill success ,i had met in trying to recover my lost manhood1 had put me in such a constantly low-spirited condition1 that nothing was interesting or pleasurable4 ,i am highly pleased to report the improvement in my condition4 ,my voice1 weak and hoarse when ,i commenced treatment1 is now strong and masculine4 ,hope and self-confidence have returned1 and my countenance is firm and resolute4 ,the dull1 heavy1 pressing pain under my left shoulder1 is entirely gone1 long ago4 ,the pain and weakness in hips1 back1 and side1 are never felt4 ,i am in every way fully restored to perfect health and manhood4 ,yours sincerely1 ,o4 ,sheboygan1 ,mich4 ,,case #fg1edf4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,cured ,,in ,,four ,,months4 ,,extract ,,from ,,letter4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,it is with great pleasure that ,i write you4 ,i have taken but one month's treatment from you1 and if ,i should just give you a full history of my case before and since ,i have taken your medicine1 you would not believe the improvement could be true4 ,i feel better every way4 ,i am without language to express my thanks to you for the great work you have done for me4 ,your ever true friend1 ,b41 ,blountville1 ,sullivan ,co41 ,tenn4 ,,case #bb1eaa4 ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,accept my thanks for the great benefit received from your treatment4 ,i never thought ,i could be so fully restored4 ,g41 ,peru1 ,ind4 ,,case #dej1dbb4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,seminal ,,debility1 ,,muscular ,,rheumatism4 ,,cured ,,with ,,six ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am thankful to say that1 as the result of the six months' treatment you have given me1 that ,i am cured of my trouble4 ,since the beginning of the treatment the losses became less and less frequent1 and now ,i am entirely relieved1 and desire to return my sincerest thanks to you for the good you have done and the kind attention that you gave me4 ,sincerely yours1 ,g41 ,milverton1 ,ont4 ,,case #dh1ibg4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,my head is clear and ,i feel like myself again1 and now only wish that the money ,i spent for useless medicines and experimenting doctors1 had at once found its way to you4 ,by recommending you to others suffering as ,i did1 ,i hope to assist in your honorable work4 ,for my restoration to health and manhood1 ,i am deeply grateful4 ,truly yours1 ,b41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,case #aed1acf4 ,,seminal ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i see no further use in continuing your medicines1 as ,i now feel perfectly well and the emissions have stopped entirely4 ,i used to feel dizzy1 exhausted1 and irritable on arising in the morning1 but now ,i feel nothing of the kind4 ,respectfully1 ,k41 ,johnstown1 ,pa4 ,,case #age1cia4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,with ,,symptoms ,,of ,,bright',s ,,disease ,,and ,,torpid ,,liver4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,when ,i applied to you for treatment1 although a man of apparently perfect health1 yet ,i was subject to an exhausting drain1 and felt myself gradually declining in vigor of intellect and constitution4 ,the five months' treatment that you have sent me has effected a very remarkable change in my health4 ,my kidneys 7which had troubled me so that ,i feared ,bright's disease7 and torpid liver have become natural1 and ,i feel like a new man4 ,the only precaution ,i now take is not to sleep on my back2 and ,i feel that ,i am cured4 ,i send you the names of some other patients1 and close by saying that ,i thank you sincerely for the cure1 and the great benefit in my health that has resulted from your treatment4 ,m41 ,manhattan1 ,kans4 ,,case #aaj1hcg1 ,,stricture ,,and ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,my seminal trouble was cured long since1 and ,i had forgotten it4 ,your medicines relieved me of that in a short time1 and ,i am satisfied that it will cure the worst cases in a few weeks4 ,i am also satisfied that you and your faculty accomplish more in the healing art than any other in the country1 and ,i cannot say too much in recommendation of your institution4 ,i have tried your institution1 and have found your words true in every sense1 and take pleasure in authorizing you to use my name in any way to suit yourself4 ,my appetite is good1 and ,i have no pain or trouble whatever4 ,the neuralgia in the lungs1 the tough phlegm1 weakness1 etc41 have all disappeared4 ,a4 ,,case #aaa1ega4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,under the influence of your last course of medicine my health has improved so greatly that ,i feel any further treatment to be unnecessary4 ,my health is better now than at any other period for years4 ,the night emissions have ceased entirely1 ,i not having had one now for many months4 ,i feel better in every way4 ,respectfully1 ,p4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,,case #eg1geg4 ,,lost ,,sexual ,,power ,,regained4 ,,extract ,,from ,,letter4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,while taking your medicine ,i labored physically4 ,i am cheerful1 hopeful1 joyous1 glad1 and grateful for my restoration to sound and vigorous health4 ,my friends daily express surprise at the great change in my personal appearance1 and declare that ,i appear younger than ,i did fifteen years ago4 ,i always reply that ,i obtained my new lease of life from the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,with sincere gratitude and great respect1 ,i subscribe myself ,w41 ,canyon ,city1 ,grant ,co41 ,oregon4 ,,case #c1ejh4 ,,seminal ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility ,,of ,,thirty ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,cured ,,in ,,two ,,mouths4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,my kind ,benefactors--,inclosed find the case of my daughter-in-law1 whom ,i desire you to treat1 believing that you can cure her4 ,i feel assured that if you fail in the cure of her case1 now so chronic1 that no human skill will be of benefit4 ,some four or five years ago you treated me for general debility and premature decay1 with severe attacks of vertigo4 ,the first month's medicines1 which were sent by express1 effected a relief of my case4 ,owing to the long standing of my trouble 7twenty-five or thirty years71 ,i concluded to continue the treatment another month4 ,my order was promptly filled by mail4 ,by these two months' treatment ,i was perfectly cured1 my whole system renovated and invigorated4 ,i have been repeatedly asked what ,i had been doing to cause such an improvement in my personal appearance1 and activity1 for an old man4 ,with profound gratitude1 adding love1 ,i am your obedient servant1 ,w41 ,rusk1 ,texas4 ,,case #bej1ccf4 ,,spermatorrhea2 ,,loss ,,of ,,strength ,,and ,,weakness ,,of ,,memory4 ,,cured ,,with ,,seven ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have not taken any medicine since last ,december1 at which time ,i had closed the seventh months' treatment4 ,i am happy to say that1 as a result1 my mind is clear and easy4 ,i am steadily gaining in strength1 and feel better than ,i have for many years1 and owe it all to your treatment and advice4 ,i hope you will live long and prosper1 and continue to dispense a balm for suffering humanity4 ,i will close by giving your faculty my greatest devotion and sincere thanks1 and hope success will crown your business4 ,w41 ,pickens1 ,miss4 ,,case #hb1abg4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,your last month's treatment has entirely cured me4 ,i have been married three weeks and am happy1 thanks to your unexampled skill4 ,b41 ,blackberry1 ,kane ,co41 ,ill4 ,,case #hh1gcf4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,sure enough ,i am well1 and ,i desire to thank you for your medical skill4 ,my strength is very greatly increased1 my digestion and appetite are perfect4 ,i sleep well and awake refreshed1 and1 in fact1 feel better every way4 ,my eyesight1 which was weak1 is wonderfully improved1 and my physical condition is now perfect in every way4 ,all the emissions have ceased4 ,respectfully1 ,b41 ,fayette1 ,howard ,co41 ,mo4 ,,case #add1bda4 ,,seminal ,,debility4 ,,cured ,,with ,,four ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that your treatment1 which ,i have taken four months1 has effected a radical cure of my trouble1 and you are at liberty to use my name and address as a reference4 ,your treatment has effected a cure in my case4 ,very truly yours1 ,m41 ,trout ,creek1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #ga1bej4 ,,spermatorrhea ,,of ,,thirteen ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i can honestly say1 as the result of your treatment1 that ,i feel better now than at any time previous for years4 ,my disease is under complete control1 and ,i have no fear of any further trouble in that direction4 ,in a word1 ,i feel that ,i am cured and well2 and you may rest assured that ,i shall take great pains to avoid in the future the cause that brought me to my former condition4 ,i am1 indeed1 thankful to you1 as your treatment has made it possible for me to lead a better life1 and effectually to resist those passions which so long dominated over me4 ,i remain1 very respectfully yours1 ,h1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa ,,case #adb1hdb4 ,,spermatorrhea ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--it is with great thankfulness to you that ,i pen these few lines4 ,i am to-day a strong and healthy man1 which ,i never would have been but for your kind and skillful attention4 ,my health was completely broken down by the effects of self-abuse1 and ,i doctored with other physicians for two years1 but with no success4 ,however1 after a few months of your treatment ,i find my health fully restored4 ,i am now in a condition to enjoy the world and take comfort wherever ,i am2 in a word1 ,i am a man among men4 ,i most cordially invite all persons requiring skillful medical treatment to apply to the ,world's ,dispensary4 ,m41 ,fredericville1 ,mich4 ,,case #agd1icg4 ,,spermatozoa4 ,,threatened ,,with ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i finished your three months' course of treatment some weeks ago1 and am glad to say that ,i am a well man4 ,a thousand thanks to you4 ,k41 ,warm ,springs1 ,mont4 ,ter4 ,,case #eb1bgb4 ,,seminal ,,debility4 ,,loss ,,of ,,manhood4 ,,general ,,weakness ,,from ,,excesses4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i took your medicines according to directions1 and ,i feel that ,i am fully restored to health and the enjoyment of my manly powers4 ,my health is better than it has been for years1 and is improving all the time4 ,the headache and dizziness have entirely left me4 ,you have my honest recommendations to all sufferers4 ,thankfully yours1 ,m41 ,hudson1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #dd1egc4 ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,as a result of your three months' treatment1 ,i am feeling better than ,i have for twenty years1--more of a man in every way4 ,s41 ,prairie ,star1 ,neb4 ,,case #ef1haa4 ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,affection ,,of ,,several ,,years' ,,standing1 ,,permanently ,,cured ,,by ,,one ,,month',s ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,five years have elapsed since my case was cured by you with one month's treatment4 ,since that time ,i have not had the first symptom of the disease4 ,i know ,i am cured4 ,yours with thanks1 ,c41 ,kalamazoo1 ,mich4 ,,case #age1egi4 ,,emissions1 ,,yellow ,,complexion1 ,,black ,,heads ,,and ,,eruptions ,,on ,,the ,,face4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association31 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that ,i have not used all of the last month's medicine4 ,the five months' treatment that ,i have had from you has effected my entire cure4 ,i have had no losses for many weeks1 and my complexion is restored to its natural clearness and purity4 ,the black heads and pimples have all disappeared4 ,k41 ,neillsville1 ,wis4 ,,case #ba1dcg4 ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i have1 as a result of your treatment1 been more of a man than before in six years4 ,i have felt1 worked1 and eaten better than ever before4 ,my strength is in every way fully restored4 ,c41 ,jordanville1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #ch1jje4 ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,when ,i first wrote you ,i had given up all hope of ever getting well4 ,i had not worked for two years4 ,i had not been under your treatment three months before ,i went to work1 and have been at it ever since4 ,i gain every day4 ,c41 ,hinsdale1 ,n4,h4 ,,case #ec1egh4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,great ,,loss ,,of ,,strength ,,and ,,flesh1 ,,appetite ,,regular1 ,,sometimes ,,ravenous ,,and ,,then ,,very ,,poor4 ,,intellect ,,and ,,memory ,,much ,,enfeebled1 ,,the ,,result ,,of ,,losses ,,through ,,the ,,urine4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,the condition of my health is highly satisfactory1 thank ,heaven and you as the instrument4 ,it has often been a cause of astonishment to me1 to think now admirably your medicines controlled my cage2 it seems wonderful even now4 ,i say1 with all my heart1 ,god bless your noble work1 for the cure of my disease and perfect restoration of my health and strength4 ,a41 ,shongo1 ,allegany ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,case #eb1ibj4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,resulting ,,in ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,heart ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am gratified to be able to report my cure4 ,my case was a severe one1 the insidious drain upon my system producing general debility1 attacks of severe palpitation of the heart1 and obstinate dyspepsia4 ,since using your medicines1 ,i have been cured of these troubles4 ,i have no palpitation1 digestion good1 not easily worried1 able to work hard without undue fatigue1 strength greatly increased4 ,my weight is now #afc4 ,i am thankful to ,god and to you for the evidence of my final cure4 ,yours devotedly1 ,r4 ,,case #ea1jjb4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,rheumatic ,,pains1 ,,general ,,loss ,,of ,,memory1 ,,strength1 ,,manliness1 ,,and ,,intellectual ,,power4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,when ,i sent to you for medicines1 ,i little expected the remarkable benefit that has resulted4 ,the rheumatic pains that have so long troubled me1 ceased within a week4 ,i am now able to attend to my business with my former ability and energy4 ,you have my gratitude for the cure effected in my case4 ,very respectfully1 ,p41 ,bloomington1 ,ill4 ,,case #adf1djf4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,with ,,dyspepsia1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,backache4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that as a result of five months' treatment1 the weakness of my urinary and generative organs has been entirely relieved4 ,my catarrh is so much better4 ,the difficulty in the head is now gone1 and ,i have no discomfort4 ,the weakness in the back1 and pain in the kidneys1 has all left me1 and ,i rest well at night4 ,there are now no unnatural discharges1 and ,i am happy to say that your medicines have effected such a change in my condition that now ,i continue to improve all the time4 ,d41 ,medusa1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #eb1aba4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,symptoms3 ,,diurnal ,,and ,,nocturnal ,,emissions1 ,,loss ,,of ,,sexual ,,power ,,and ,,wasting ,,of ,,the ,,organs1 ,,general ,,depression ,,and ,,emaciation4 ,,most ,,severe ,,form ,,of ,,the ,,disease4 ,,cure ,,with ,,three ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i have waited several months and find my cure perfect and permanent4 ,thanks to you my health and manhood have been perfectly restored1 and ,i am as fat as a bullock4 ,s41 ,millbrook1 ,ont4 ,,case #d1ajj4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,entirely ,,broken ,,down4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,over eight years ago ,i visited you at your office this present month1 very melancholy and thinking perhaps that in six months ,i would be lying in my cold and silent grave1 and now ,i am strong and healthy4 ,i never was so healthy in my life4 ,am married1 and we have two of the nicest children you ever saw4 ,i am the happiest man in town1 and hope to ever be so4 ,my sickness was contracted through ignorance and self-abuse4 ,i am glad to say that ,i have had a permanent cure1 and thank ,god4 ,i feel grateful to you and thank you kindly4 ,yours very truly1 ,l41 ,barnes' ,corners1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #eb1jjd4 ,,emissions4 ,,loss ,,of ,,weight1 ,,strength1 ,,and ,,mental ,,power4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i received the month's treatment sent for1 and took it4 ,it worked like a charm4 ,i have no more emissions1 and my weight1 energy and strength1 are fully restored4 ,r41 ,fort ,collins1 ,colo4 ,,case #ec1hei4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,five ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,symptoms3 ,,frequent ,,nocturnal ,,emissions1 ,,loss ,,of ,,memory1 ,,nervous1 ,,no ,,energy ,,or ,,strength4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,pardon me for not sending you a report of my condition before this4 ,have been waiting to see if there would be any relapse4 ,i am assured that my cure is complete and perfect4 ,none of the symptoms of the disease remain4 ,your medicines ,i can recommend as the most powerful and direct to accomplish good ,i have ever taken4 ,i feel it my duty now to give you my heart-felt acknowledgment for the good done me4 ,respectfully1 ,h4 ,goshen ,n4,y4 ,,case #ch1igc4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,extremely ,,bad ,,case4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,you have cured me sound and well of the terrible effects of early indiscretion4 ,my case was worse than any ,i have ever read1 and ,i never expected to get well4 ,with eight months treatment taken at my home1 ,i have been fully restored4 ,you have my sincere and hearty thanks4 ,c41 ,halifax1 ,n4,s4 ,,case #gj1fdh4 ,,spermatorrhea ,,and ,,threatened ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,my ,dear ,benefactors--,please accept my sincere thanks4 ,words at my command are inadequate to express my feelings when ,i realize the great beneficial features of your most excellent remedy4 ,i have spoken to several of my most intimate friends who are similarly affected1 and after ,i took the first dose ,i was completely relieved1 and the flesh ,i gained was in such abundance that ,i was scarcely identified by them4 ,i gave part of your par excellence medicine to a bosom companion of mine1 named ----4 ,he became convalescent1 but desires another bottle4 ,write to him at once4 ,your name will be held in the highest esteem by these invalids1 and by ,yours respectfully1 ,h41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,,case #adc1hch4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,with ,,paralysis ,,and ,,dyspepsia4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,sirs--,your treatment worked like a charm with me4 ,before ,i sent to you ,i consulted my family doctor1 and asked him what he thought of my case4 ,to give you his own words1 he said4 ,j41 ,i think you will be an entire cripple4 ,i then thought ,i would write to you4 ,i had not taken more than three months' medicine when ,i was out in the harvest field4 ,i sleep all night1 have a good appetite1 my back has got well1 and ,i can lay all night4 ,my limbs are stronger1 and my nerves are again all right4 ,upon the whole ,i am a new man1 and my mental powers are much relieved4 ,in eighteen months from the time ,i placed my case under your treatment1 ,i was better than ,i had been in ten years1 and feel like myself4 ,yours truly1 ,j41 ,peru ,mills1 ,pa4 ,,case #ic1bfd4 ,,seminal ,,weakness4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,allow me most sincerely to thank you for the great benefit ,i have derived from your two months' treatment4 ,when ,i first wrote to you ,i felt as if my life on earth was short1 indeed2 but1 thank ,god1 through ,his help and yours1 ,i have been saved from filling an early grave as the results of self-abuse4 ,before ,i began treatment ,i was pale and sickly2 ,i had palpitation of the heart so bad that ,i often expected to drop dead in the street2 ,i had loss of voice2 always felt tired2 ,i had involuntary emissions of semen in the night1 which always made me feel weak through the next day2 whilst quite often my mind was filled with suicidal thoughts4 ,such was the price ,i was compelled to pay for violating the laws of ,god and nature4 ,now every thing is changed4 ,i thank you a thousand times1 ,doctor1 for the great good you nave done me4 ,may ,god bless you4 ,i shall always be pleased to recommend your treatment to everybody1 and ,i will cheerfully answer any communication that ,i may receive in relation to this4 ,w41 ,lynn1 ,mass4 ,,case #adj1idh4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sirs--,i believe myself to be free of the trouble for which you have been treating me4 ,it seems too good to be true1 yet ,i feel satisfied that ,i am more of a man than ever before in my life4 ,i have not the time nor ability to thank you in the high-flown language peculiar to testimonial writers1 but suffice it to say that ,i am4 ,most gratefully yours1 ,s4 ,,case #dd1dfd4 ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,this gentleman1 engaged as the head of a large academy1 suffered severely from mental depression1 weakened memory1 nervous exhaustion1 and lack of intellectual power1 the result of the delicate drain upon the nervous system and his severe labors4 ,we append his letter after four months' treatment3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,my friends all notice and speak of my decided improvement4 ,my health and faculties are again as they were years ago4 ,yours1 ,h41 ,philadelphia1 ,penn'a4 ,,case #cc1ibh4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,resulting ,,in ,,consumption4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,i would have been beyond the reach of aid now but for your treatment4 ,i am now enjoying perfect health4 ,yours gratefully4 ,h41 ,gillie's ,hill ,ont4 ,,case #db1iba4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,resulting ,,in ,,dyspepsia ,,and ,,decided ,,loss ,,of ,,strength4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am deeply indebted to you4 ,the disagreeable head symptoms1 dyspepsia and weakness are all gone4 ,i can now eat and digest as hearty a meal as any one1 and feel well1 healthful and energetic4 ,never have any losses4 ,i was very sick when ,i commenced treatment1 but was speedily relieved4 ,yours truly1 ,s41 ,charles ,river ,village1 ,mass4 ,,case #dd1hff4 ,,spermatorrhea1 ,,with ,,marked ,,loss ,,of ,,memory1 ,,health1 ,,and ,,tone ,,of ,,system4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i took treatment of you last summer4 ,the improvement was marked1 and ,i have continued to grow healthier and stronger1 notwithstanding ,i have been busy all the time and nave studied very hard4 ,do not get fatigued as before4 ,i read six orations of ,,cicero in seven weeks and passed with honor a very close examination4 ,my limbs are solid and strong1 whereas before ,i was weak1 and my flesh cold1 soft1 and clammy4 ,i am in college working hard4 ,truly1 ,p4 ,,case #adg1daa4 ,,approaching ,,impotency4 ,,renewed ,,health ,,after ,,five ,,months' ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i can gratefully say ,i am feeling like a new man since taking your prescription for seminal weakness4 ,while ,i was in the ,west two months1 my wife received two months' treatment from you1 and on my return home1 to my greatest satisfaction1 her cheeks were as red as roses and her health greatly improved1 for which accept our profound thanks4 ,may your honored ,president live long and do good unto the sons and daughters of afflicted humanity1 is our prayer4 ,w41 ,aral1 ,va4 ,,case #dd1aih4 ,,nervous ,,prostration1 ,,caused ,,by ,,self-,,abuse4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,your kindness to me ,i can never forget4 ,i cannot express half my feelings of gratefulness to you4 ,i had despaired of ever getting well4 ,thanks to your skill ,i am now a new being4 ,yours very truly1 ,b41 ,steuben ,county1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #ec1haf4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,caused ,,by ,,self-,,abuse4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,my health has improved so that ,i no longer need treatment4 ,you have my heart-felt thanks for the good you have done me1 and may you have as good success in treating the hundreds of others as you have had in mine4 ,i remain yours very truly1 ,k41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,,case #ec1iac4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i shall ever remember you with gratitude4 ,my relief is perfect and permanent4 ,i feel so much better4 ,i remain yours truly1 ,j41 ,jacksonville1 ,ill4 ,,case #bed1dhd4 ,,spermatorrhea2 ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am happy to say that your medicines and treatment are always ahead of what they are represented1 and ,i hope you will accept my deep and sincere thanks for the good you have done me4 ,my weakness and debility have entirely disappeared1 and ,i can say that the expense of the six months' treatment ,i received from you1 has been repaid a hundredfold1 by the benefits it has effected in my condition4 ,f41 ,starkey1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #ed1hjc4 ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have taken the last of the medicine which you sent me1 and feel satisfied it has entirely cured me4 ,i return my thanks to you for the good you have done me4 ,f41 ,east ,liverpool1 ,ohio4 ,,case #fi1aaf4 ,,seminal ,,weakness1 ,,with ,,cancerous ,,testicle4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,it has now been over two years since you treated me and found it necessary to remove one testicle on account of cancerous disease1 that must soon have destroyed life had the operation not been performed4 ,t feel myself a strong1 healthy man1 having had no symptoms of the seminal weakness for months past4 ,yours1 ,p41 ,pittsburgh4 ,penn's4 ,,case #ea1dag4 ,,impotency4 ,i am getting along so well with the medicine that ,i am a standing wonder to my friends1 and ,i shall not cease1 while life lasts1 to praise the skill that has brought about such miraculous results4 ,yours truly1 ,k41 ,chillicothe1 ,ohio4 ,,case #fg1jjd4 ,,impotency4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am only too happy to say that ,i have fully recovered my powers in every particular since placing myself under your treatment4 ,i would not take #e1jjj for the good you have done me4 ,i am only sorry that ,i did not go to you before wasting time and money on the quacks connected with that ,museum of ,anatomy in ,new ,york4 ,t41 ,philadelphia1 ,penn'a4 ,,case #fg1bjh4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,when placing myself under your treatment1 ,i was told that my case being an exceedingly bad one1 it would probably require six months in which to effect a perfect cure4 ,after taking your remedies four months ,i found myself in perfect health1 and have remained so ever since4 ,i cannot express the gratitude ,i feel for you1 and can never half repay the debt of gratitude ,i owe you4 ,i have given your pamphlet1-,abuse of the ,male ,generative ,organs and the ,diseases to which it ,gives ,rise1 to quite a number of young men whom ,i had reason to suspect it might benefit4 ,gratefully yours1 ,t41 ,norfolk1 ,virginia4 ,,case #fg1jgj4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have now returned home a now man1 after four months' treatment from you4 ,i need no more medicines now4 ,i would urge all suffering to go to you for help4 ,thanking you for your services1 ,i remain yours truly1 ,r41 ,bunch1 ,iowa4 ,,case #dca1fcg4 ,,impotency1 ,,with ,,nervous ,,debility ,,and ,,liver ,,disease4 ,this gentleman applied for the relief of the following symptoms3 ,exhausting and frequent seminal emissions1 losses in the urine1 want of manly strength1 nervous prostration1 indigestion1 torpid condition of the liver1 headache1 nausea1 and constipation4 ,after a course of five months' treatment he writes3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i am very grateful to you for the good you have done me1 and ,i feel like a man now4 ,it is sometime since ,i left off medicine4 ,i have continued to improve1 and ,i feel better than ,i have for years before treatment4 ,i am happy at the restoration of my health and vigor4 ,i shall recommend you to all sufferers4 ,hoping you will continue to be successful4 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,p41 ,canaan1 ,conn4 ,,case #aaa1dhi4 ,,seminal ,,emissions1 ,,loss ,,of ,,memory ,,and ,,general ,,decline4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,inclosed please find money for my last supply of medicines4 ,you seem to understand my condition thoroughly4 ,my color1 appetite1 and strength have improved wonderfully1 and my sleep is sound1 undisturbed and refreshing4 ,under the influence of your medicines ,i have completely recovered my mental and physical powers1 and ,i feel that ,i am able to discontinue further treatment4 ,the emissions have become less and less frequent until now they do not trouble me at all4 ,i remain1 yours truly1 ,h41 ,eagle ,springs1 ,coryell ,co41 ,tex4 ,,case #ea1bjc4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,perfect ,,cure4 ,,his ,,letter ,,before ,,treatment1 ,,and ,,after4 7,first letter47 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,dear ,sirs--,it was my pleasant privilege to read concerning your skill in the treatment of all kinds of diseases1 and concerning your reputation1 which is most justly merited4 ,encouraged by these facts to place explicit confidence in you4 ,i beg leave to state my own case as clearly as ,i may be able4 ,it is as sad as it is fatal if no thorough cure can be effected4 ,i have from my twelfth year onward been practicing1 though not excessively1 the evil1 self-abuse4 ,although ,i have been led to abandon the pernicious habit for several years1 my age being twenty-four1 the horrible effects have not disappeared4 ,the serious result is that ,i am suffering from spermatorrhea4 ,an involuntary discharge of the seminal fluid occurs invariably once1 not infrequently twice1 every week during sleep4 ,the genital organs have become diminished in size4 ,i will proceed to state the symptoms which ,i have been able to observe4 ,they are--disposition to solitude1 inaptitude for study1 indolence1 forgetfulness1 melancholy1 weakness in the back 7especially perceptible after standing71 a lack of confidence in my own ability1 want of energy1 sometimes pain in the chest1 elbow1 arm1 knees1 and loins4 ,uneasy nights1 disturbed and highly disagreeable dreams becoming more and more irritating as the time for the discharge of the seminal fluid draws nearer1 also a desire to lie longer in bed in the morning4 ,now1 dear ,doctors1 permit me to ask your kind advice as to what means are to be taken4 ,i have tried numerous remedies for more than a year1 but to no effect4 ,my suffering grows severer4 ,please reply as speedily as you may be able4 ,if you be so kind as to honor me with an answer1 please state the amount of money needed for your services1 which shall be forwarded at once4 ,please find inclosed one dollar1 remuneration for your kind services4 ,very respectfully1 ,m41 ,wheeling1 ,cook ,co41 ,ill4 7,at the close of treatment47 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,i have finished the eight months' treatment2 had ,i been able to follow the directions more closely1 three months' treatment would have effected a permanent cure of my case4 ,now ,i am well1 body strengthened1 mind invigorated1 memory revived1 energy to work restored1 cheerfulness and bright hopes1 once altogether lost1 are now fully regained4 ,indeed1 ,i feel like a new being4 ,and now1 dear ,doctors1 in closing our important correspondence1 permit me to render my heart-felt thanks for your kindness to me1 and for the benefit received from your invaluable treatment4 ,adieu2 may ,god grant you a long life1 that you may benefit many an afflicted one4 ,very truly yours1 ,m41 ,wheeling1 ,cook ,co41 ,ill ,,case #dfd1bee4 ,,masturbation4 ,,loss ,,of ,,flesh ,,and ,,mental ,,power4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,after three months of your treatment1 ,i find myself cured of one of the worst habits that it has ever been the lot of man to fall into4 ,my whole system is invigorated2 ,i have no more weak back nor legs2 no more emissions2 my strength is greatly increased1 and my weight is more than it has ever been before4 ,the dull1 heavy feeling in my head is entirely past1 and ,i can truly say that ,i feel like a new man4 ,hoping you will do as much good in the future as you have in the past1 is the wish of1 ,yours truly1 ,b41 ,holyoke1 ,mass4 ,,case #ia1fef4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,,obstinate ,,case ,,of ,,eight ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have taken seven months' treatment from you1 and to-day ,i am a well man4 ,my friends are surprised at the great change which has taken place in me4 ,the emissions have ceased entirely1 and ,i am strong and well4 ,i am a thousand times obliged to you for the good your treatment has done for me4 ,respectfully yours1 ,u41 ,topeka1 ,kansas4 ,,case #dfa1cjf4 ,,onanism4 ,,melancholia2 ,,contemplated ,,suicide4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,having waited several weeks after finishing the last medicine1 to see if there would be any relapse1 ,i now send you a report of treatment4 ,i believe ,i am thoroughly cured1 not only of poor health1 but of all desire to abuse myself4 ,i have regained health1 spirits1 and confidence4 ,am married1 something ,i have long desired1 but never before dared to attempt4 ,please accept my sincere thanks1 gentlemen4 ,your medicine has saved me from a suicide's grave4 ,h41 ,denver1 ,col4 ,,case #aaj1hch4 ,,seminal ,,weakness ,,and ,,fistula ,,in ,,ano4 ,a case of anal fistula that had been unsuccessfully treated by ,prof4 ----1 of ,nashville1 who had operated with the knife4 ,he had also been unsuccessfully treated by several home physicians who stated that his symptoms of spermatorrhea were all that could be described1 and more too4 ,the sensations of crawling and itching in the rectum were very severe1 and as a result of weakness there was a serious palpitation of the heart1 and general debility4 ,the generative organs were unduly excitable and weak4 ,he complained of weakness in the rectum and loins1 with irregularity of the bowels1 trembling and weakness of the entire system4 ,there was profuse discharge from the fistula and also from the urethra4 ,we undertook his case without making any promises of a radical cure1 as it seemed that the disease had progressed so that it would be impossible to effect more than satisfactory improvement in his general condition1 and a palliation of the symptoms of disease4 ,at the end of seven months' treatment he writes as follows3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,the result of the treatment you have sent me is a permanent cure of the fistula beyond a doubt1 and in a magical manner4 ,my heart is very much improved1 so that it does not trouble me in the least4 ,my health is perfect in every way4 ,it is unnecessary for me to order any more medicines1 but should ,i think at any time that a little is required to keep me in good health1 ,i will order at once4 ,i think that ,i am entirely through with the fistula and sympathetic weakness1 and ,i can truly say that your remedies delivered me from the jaws of death4 ,with sincere thanks to you1 ,i am1 yours for ever4 ,d4 ,,case #adj1jef4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,the following long-standing and aggravated case of seminal debility began to yield at once under the specific influence of our medicines4 ,frequent nocturnal emissions were present1 and the semen also passed off1 unobserved and unsuspected1 in the urine2 of course a ceaseless vital drain of this character began quickly and profoundly to impress the constitution1 so that when the patient under consideration applied to us for relief1 the most unmistakable symptoms of commencing organic disease of the heart and lungs had plainly declared themselves to be present4 ,like many hundreds1 of similar cases which we cure annually1 the disease yielded promptly and perfectly to the well-directed efforts of our specialist in this important branch of practice2 indeed1 so easy1 swift and perfect was the cure that the patient failed to realize the necessity of continuing the treatment a few weeks in order to insure himself against the possibility of a relapse1 and discontinued his correspondence with us1 whereas it is in precisely such cases that we recommend the treatment to be not too abruptly discontinued4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,your kind favor1 thoughtfully inquiring after my health1 came duly to hand4 ,in answer1 permit me to say that it was not my intention to take further treatment as ,i considered my cure to be perfect1 all local and general symptoms having wholly subsided before ,i had finished the month's course1 and thus far manifesting no disposition to return4 ,however1 in the light of your wisdom and experience1 ,i have reconsidered the matter and now believe with you that another month's course of treatment is advisable1 in order effectually to guard against the possibility of a relapse4 ,i accordingly inclose you the price of the additional month's course4 ,the second morning after commencing the use of your medicines ,i awoke refreshed in body and mind1 and this experience has been repeated every morning since4 ,the emissions were arrested at once1 and ,i have not had a single unnatural discharge since1 except once when ,i experienced a slight nocturnal emission1 which1 however1 was followed by no depressing after-effects1 but altogether the reverse4 ,i feel so much stronger and better in all respects that ,it is a positive pleasure for me to do a hard day's work now4 ,respectfully1 ,b41 ,crystal ,lake1 ,wis4 ,,case #hf1bia4 ,this gentleman had suffered during eleven years from seminal weakness as the result of indiscretions in youth2 nocturnal emissions were present1 and there was also a seminal loss with the urine1 and at stool2 the patient's memory was greatly impaired and his mind otherwise affected from the vital drain2 he was dyspeptic1 his bowels were costive1 and threatening symptoms of consumption had already begun to manifest themselves when he came under our care4 ,two months of our special treatment1 at the patient's home1 effected a perfect and permanent cure1 and completely arrested all abnormal seminal losses4 ,the following grateful letter is from the gentleman in question3 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,permit me to say that1 six months after having discontinued your treatment1 my cure remains perfect4 ,this great permanent and enduring benefit was secured to me through only two months of your skillful treatment and careful management of my case4 ,your medicines had a wonderful control over my disease1 driving away its terrible symptoms as if by magic2 they imparted to me a new power1 filled my body and mind with unusual vigor1 and transformed me from one racked with pain and living death or worse1 to a full measure of health and happiness4 ,i feel that if ,i had not been opportunely and successfully treated by you1 that my life would have been permanently blighted1 and that the happy and contented mind that now inspires these lines would ere this have been dethroned of reason4 ,i feel that you have been my savior4 ,i have not had a single nocturnal emission since leaving your treatment1 six months ago4 ,thanking you1 gentlemen1 from the depths of a grateful heart1 ,i remain4 ,your obedient servant1 ,g41 ,cayuta1 ,schuyler ,co41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,did the interest of our readers demand it1 we could add to the preceding list an almost endless number of extracts from letters written by grateful patients1 expressing their heart-felt thanks for having been cured of spermatorrhea and impotency by our treatment4 ,but we have we trust given sufficient to illustrate our great success in dealing with these maladies4 ,a ,,caution ,,to ,,the ,,afflicted4 ,we are daily consulted by persons suffering from spermatorrhea and impotency who have been victimized by ignorant charlatans4 ,some seek to dupe and swindle the unwary by claiming to have themselves been cured of spermatorrhea or impotency by some prescription1 which they offer to send free to any sufferer4 ,when the prescription is obtained it is found to consist of a few articles well-known to every druggist1 coupled with certain arbitrary and fictitious terms1 unknown to everybody and not to be found in any medical work extant4 ,following the prescription is a modest suggestion that if it cannot be filled by the home druggist1 the benevolently-disposed party furnishing the prescription will be pleased to send the medicine1 already prepared1 for from three to five dollars4 ,of course1 the whole scheme from beginning to end being a swindle1 when the medicine is obtained and taken it proves entirely useless4 ,skill and genuine merit do not go begging4 ,men who spend hundreds of dollars for the publication of advertisements offering to give away valuable information can always be safely set down as swindlers4 ,in the public prints will be found advertised various ready prepared1 put-up1 or proprietary1 so-called remedies1 ,specifics1 ,boluses1 ,pastiles1 ,rectal ,pearls1 ,urethral ,crayons1 ,voltaic ,belts1 ,galvanic ,belts1 ,batteries1 and ,pads1 all recommended as infallible remedies for spermatorrhea and impotency4 ,a vast experience in the treatment of these affections has satisfied us that each case must be studied and treated according to the symptoms manifested1 and that medicines that are adapted to one stage of the disease are entirely unsuited to other stages of the same case4 ,no ,pad or ,battery and ,pad1 ,galvanic or ,voltaic ,belts1 ,battery1 ,bolus1 or ,soluble ,crayon1 ever did or can help a case of this disease1 except it be in the imagination4 ,although the proprietors of the most popular proprietary medicines in the market1 medicines carefully adapted to the cure of the diseases for which they are recommended1 yet1 should we attempt to get up a general remedy to cure spermatorrhea and kindred maladies1 we are certain it would be an utter failure1 and this is entirely true of all such preparations now and heretofore offered for sale1 and1 from the very nature of the diseases they are recommended to cure1 ever must be4 ,each case must have medicines carefully prepared to meet the conditions present1 and when these conditions1 from the effects of treatment or other causes1 change1 the treatment must be varied accordingly4 ,,positive ,,injury instead of benefit often results from the employment of some of the nostrums advertised for the cure of spermatorrhea1 impotency and kindred affections4 ,especially have we found that the use of ,soluble ,urethral ,crayons1 ,boluses1 ,pastiles1 and kindred contrivances1 which are so extensively advertised1 are exceedingly injurious1 and often render otherwise moderate and simple cases1 complicated and incurable4 ,although of pretended ,french origin1 they are evidently the invention of an ignoramus1 who knows nothing of the delicate anatomy of the generative organs or of the proper treatment of the diseases incident thereto1 for none other would have thought of such a preposterous plan of treatment4 ,no man should insert such absurdly devised and mischief breeding contrivances into his urethra 7urinary canal71 for thereby he is almost sure to do himself a permanent injury4 ,so far from having been invented by an eminent ,french surgeon1 as claimed1 such treatment is entirely unknown in ,france1 and ever has been1 as the writer well knows from personal observation and enquiry while sojourning in that country and visiting its most noted hospitals and medical institutions4 ,all the various ,troches1 ,boluses1 ,wafers1 ,suppositories1 ,pearls1 ,rectal ,pearls1 ,rectal ,capsules1 and other contrivances which are recommended for the cure of ,spermatorrhea and kindred weaknesses1 and which are designed to be employed by inserting them into the lower bowel 7rectum71 and there permitting them to dissolve1 are only so many irrational and filthy devices for duping the ignorant and innocent sufferers from these maladies4 ,,an ,,alluring ,,swindle4 ,a still more enticing1 and hence more dangerous1 device for swindling unfortunate sufferers1 is the widely advertised ,vacuum ,treatment or appliance so loudly and plausibly recommended for ,developing weak and wasted organs4 ,a simple1 little1 brass air pump1 connected with a glass tube1 or cylinder1 fitted with a valve at one end1 which costs not to exceed one dollar and a half1 is the worthless device palmed off on the confiding ones at from fifteen to thirty dollars4 ,this is done under the false pretense that its daily use to pump blood into the weak or wasted organs1 will cause their development and growth4 ,thousands have invested their hard earned cash in this worse than worthless1 injurious1 contrivance4 ,in fact the head of the concern putting out this alluring device is said to have amassed a fortune out of the nefarious business4 ,so far from benefiting any one1 out of several hundreds of cases that have come under our personal observation1 in which this apparatus has been faithfully used for a long period of time1 we have never met with a single case that had derived the slightest benefit therefrom4 ,on the contrary1 we have been called upon to examine many who had been seriously injured by its use4 ,the sudden congestion or filling and over-distention of the delicate blood-vessels of the organ operated upon1 caused by placing it in a vacuum1 is liable to rupture these minute vessels1 causing the infiltration of blood into the tissues and giving rise to inflammation1 and in some cases1 to suppuration1 mortification1 sloughing and death4 ,in other cases1 the blood-vessels of the organ and adjacent parts are so weakened by the strain put upon them as to induce varicocele and other diseased conditions4 ,in spermatorrhea1 it is the worst possible thing that can be applied1 for by forcing an undue amount of blood into the part the sensitiveness of the organ is increased1 irritation is set up in the deep urethra1 and the emissions are increased in frequency4 ,in this1 and other ways1 hundreds of men but slightly out of health have been permanently injured4 ,but this is only a small part of the story connected with the reprehensible business of palming off ,the ,vacuum ,developing and ,strengthening ,appliance4 ,the precious rascals1 not content with making from a thousand to fifteen hundred per cent4 profit on the miserable device furnished1 while advertising fifteen dollars 7#ae4jj7 as the price of the appliance and accompanying preparations1 for ordinary cases1 make a general practice1 when they have secured the fifteen dollars 7#ae4jj71 of sending it by express with a bill to be collected on delivery ,,for ,,fifteen ,,dollars 7#ae4jj7 ,,more4 ,with this bill they send an explanation1 that on re-examining the case they found it necessary1 or thought it advisable1 to send their stronger and more expensive preparations and appliances for the worst cases ,,and ,,so ,,have ,,charged ,,fifteen ,,dollars 7#ae4jj7 ,,more ,,to ,,cover ,,the ,,extra ,,expense4 ,it is astonishing that there are those who can be induced to part with their money for such claptrap devices1 and still more so that having been duped and swindled out of their hard earned money through false pretenses and promises of benefit held out to them1 they should submit quietly to such extortion and not have the swindlers arrested and prosecuted for obtaining money under false pretenses as they richly deserve4 ,for what crime can be more deserving of punishment than the holding out of false hopes and pretenses to the unfortunate8 ,employing the ,united ,states mails for swindling is a pretty dangerous business1 and sooner or later these rascals will1 we predict1 find it out to their sorrow4 ,they are pretty sure to get hold of some men1 ere long1 who will invoke the aid of the ,united ,states ,district ,attorney to bring them to justice4 ,,young ,,man1 if you have1 through ignorance1 fallen into practices that have arrested your physical growth and development in any of your organs or parts1 shun all such unscientific and worse than worthless contrivances as you would shun a pestilence4 ,no matter how plausible the web of arguments woven to entrap you1 be assured1 they are the utterance of knaves who care not what false hopes they encourage so they secure your money4 ,consult only those whose well known skill1 experience and integrity will insure honest dealings and the most scientific treatment known to the healing art1 and who supply the latter at reasonable cost4 ,be assured also1 that when1 through proper treatment1 your weakness and functional derangements are overcome1 the parts that have suffered therefrom1 will regain all the strength and development possible to impart to them through the aid of the physician's skill4 ,nature often accomplishes wonders in this direction1 when aided by the skillful practitioner4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,varicocele2 ,,or1 ,,enlarged ,,veins ,,of ,,the ,,scrotum ,,sometimes ,,called ,,false ,,rupture ,probably no affection of the generative organs has been given more attention by surgeons than this4 ,its great frequency1 being present in about one-third of all cases of spermatorrhea1 and its disposition to result in impotency and wasting away of the testicles1 bring it constantly before the profession4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,a healthy testicle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,testicle wasted from ,varicocele4 ,the enlarged and torturous veins are shown to be about as large as the testicle4 ,,causes4--,varicocele commonly results from long continued fatiguing exercise1 in the upright position1 heavy lifting1 jumping1 straining1 severe constipation1 injuries from horseback riding1 bicycle riding1 especially the latter1 or any obstruction or obstacle to the free return of blood through the spermatic veins4 ,self abuse and excessive sexual indulgence are also prolific causes of varicocele4 ,when the spermatic veins are over-distended to such an extent that their tonicity is impaired1 they gradually lose their capacity for transmitting the blood1 and a slowly increasing enlargement and tortuously of veins results4 ,this goes on1 becoming steadily more marked1 until the pressure of the engorged vessels upon the spermatic cord impedes the full circulation of blood in the testicle and causes a wasting and softening of this gland4 ,a loss of sexual power and increasing weakness of the generative organs generally follow this gradual destruction of the testicle1 and sometimes total and incurable impotency results4 ,this affection is also designated by the terms circocele and spermatocele4 ,it consists of an enlargement or varicose condition of the veins of the scrotum or spermatic cord1 and affects the left side more frequently than the right4 ,this is due to the fact that the spermatic veins of that side are longer1 more dependent and tortuous1 and1 consequently1 support a greater column of blood than the other side4 ,the enlarged veins feel like a bundle of earth-worms4 ,the knotty and tortuous vessels sometimes form quite a large tumor1 which is1 now ever1 but rarely sensitive to the touch1 yet sometimes causes a feeling of weight in the scrotum and loins1 and sometimes produces a sensation of numbness in the thighs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,well developed ,varicocele4 ,when varicocele of an aggravated or largely developed type is present1 associated with any weakness of the generative organs1 as spermatorrhea or impotency1 it must be cured before the organs can regain a healthy condition1 as by the constant pressure of the abnormal quantity of blood and enlarged veins upon the spermatic cord1 arteries1 and testicles1 the irritability1 weakness1 and wasting1 are increased4 ,the use of suspensory bandages1 with strongly astringent lotions1 will1 in mild cases1 produce relief and many times cure4 ,except in the worst cases1 it is well to try these means before resort is had to operative surgical treatment1 unless the patient is anxious to be cured in a more speedy manner4 ,the treatment by suspensory bandage and lotions is necessarily somewhat slow in producing remedial results2 yet1 many quite well marked cases have1 in our experience1 been cured by such means perseveringly applied4 ,although many who have been unable to come to us for an operation1 have been cured by suspensory bandages and our improved lotions applied to the affected parts1 in all cases in which the veins are very much enlarged1 we recommend the sufferers to come here and undergo our surgical treatment1 which is painless in its execution and radical in its results4 ,it has been recognized by physicians and surgeons for over a century1 that in bad cases of varicocele a cure can only be certainly and permanently effected by operation4 ,many have been the methods of operation advanced by the prominent surgeons of every age1 but all have met with such an alarming mortality1 that they have been one by one abandoned1 except as a last resort in extremely bad cases4 ,a late author gives the percentage of deaths from the various old operations1 now in general use throughout this country and ,europe1 as varying from seven to fifteen per cent4 of all cases4 ,in contrast to this1 we point with pride to our records1 by which we are shown to have operated upon over a thousand cases by our original method1 obtaining in each and every instance a perfect cure1 without a single alarming symptom or a death ensuing4 ,this we think is sufficient evidence of the perfect safety of the operation and its superiority over every other method4 ,so every sufferer with the disease1 we would recommend it as a positive means of securing a permanent cure4 ,various worse than useless devices are advertised by quacks1 who1 as a class1 are afraid to undertake surgical treatment for the cure of varicocele4 ,one has what he calls a varix clamp1 or clasp1 to be worn upon the enlarged veins4 ,many compressors and other equally useless devices are advertised and sold for the same purpose4 ,these are not only perfectly worthless1 but positively dangerous in their application4 ,the pressure they make upon the spermatic cord1 nerves1 and artery1 is very apt to result in impotency and a rapid wasting away of the testicles4 ,patients should avoid all the catch-penny devices recommended for varicocele1 as none of them are worth a moment's consideration4 ,even a moderate degree of morbid enlargement of the spermatic veins will sometimes cause such engorgement and obstruction to the free circulation of the blood in the testicle1 as to cause gradual wasting or shriveling of that organ4 ,in some cases the morbid condition will give rise to seminal weakness1 or spermatorrhea4 ,many of these cases that can only be cured by surgery1 are trifled with by quacks1 who attribute the spermatorrhea1 or loss of semen1 to everything else than its true cause--varicocele4 ,to illustrate1 ,mr4 ,b41 of ,colorado1 applied at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 a few years ago1 and said he had for five years been troubled with nightly emissions of semen and his testicles were gradually wasting away4 ,he had been under the treatment of men making great pretensions as specialists1 to whom he had paid several hundred dollars in the vain hope of getting cured of spermatorrhea4 ,they treated him with medicines only1 and did him no good whatever4 ,on examination1 we found a very varicose or enlarged condition of the left spermatic veins1 and gave it as our opinion that the seminal loss was wholly due to this abnormal condition and could only be cured by an operation that would remove the varicocele4 ,the operation was promptly performed4 ,in two days he was able to leave his bed1 and in a week started home to ,colorado4 ,some months thereafter we received a letter from him wherein he said3 ,the enlarged veins continued to absorb and grow less and less1 until1 in a few weeks' time1 all unnatural enlargement had disappeared4 ,with a steady improvement in the condition of the veins1 ,i experienced corresponding improvement in my general health1 and the seminal losses grew less and less1 and finally1 long ago1 disappeared entirely4 ,i feel that my manhood1 with all the powers that should belong thereto1 are mine to enjoy4 ,in other words1 my restoration to health is complete4 ,had ,i saved the large amount of money that ,i fooled away on those quacks1 and given it all to you1 ,i feel that you would then have been only fairly paid for the great good you have done me4 ,the foregoing is but a fair sample of letters that we are almost constantly receiving from those who have pursued useless treatment for spermatorrhea1 dependent upon varicocele1 and have been speedily cured by our never-failing operation for this malady4 ,among the great variety of operations in surgery for various diseased conditions1 performed by our surgeons1 none have been attended with more uniform satisfaction1 and perfect success1 than has our operation for varicocele4 ,a ,,painless ,,operation4 ,by the injection of a few drops of a medicated solution under the skin1 at the point where the incision is to be made1 we are now able to produce such complete local ansthesia as to render the operation entirely painless without the administration of either chloroform or ether4 ,this is an important consideration1 as many are averse to taking chloroform or ether1 and now that we are possessed of an agent that produces1 locally1 complete insensibility to pain1 we are very glad to be able to dispense with their use in all such minor operations4 ,many examinations heretofore very painful1 as of the bladder for stone1 and of the deep urethra for strictures1 are now rendered entirely painless by the use of this wonderful agent4 ,a great variety of surgical operations are now performed by our surgeon specialists1 without any suffering on the part of our patients1 by the local use of an ansthetic solution injected into the parts to be operated upon4 ,formerly we were obliged either to administer chloroform or ether1 or subject our patients to a great deal of suffering4 ,our specialists were among the first surgeons in this country to employ local ansthesia successfully4 ,we regard it as a great boon to our patients1 and never withhold it in any case where it can be employed to prevent suffering1 its use being attended with no danger and followed by no bad or disagreeable results4 ,,our ,,painless ,,operation4 ,having operated with unvarying success1 during the past twenty-five years1 upon several thousand cases of varicocele1 at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 we now invite special attention to the results of our peculiar operation1 which is neither severe nor dangerous1 and from which the patient makes a much more rapid1 and in every respect more satisfactory1 recovery than from other operations in use by surgeons generally4 ,in our practice we have never failed to secure the happiest results from our operation4 ,the saving of time is also of importance to the laboring man as well as to the millionaire4 ,instead of being confined to his bed for ten to twenty days1 and to his room for a month or more1 as is the case following other operations1 the patient is not confined to bed at all1 and can generally return home in a week or ten days at the longest4 ,the only precaution necessary is that he should1 for a reasonable time after the operation1 wear a well-fitting suspensory bandage4 ,this can1 in a little time1 be entirely dispensed with4 ,when we contrast these results with those obtained from ligation1 graduated pressure by clamps1 suture pins1 or the slicing off of a part of the scrotum1 and suturing1 or stitching1 the wide gaping wound so caused1 as is practiced to-day by other surgeons1 the marked superiority of the results obtained1 through our superior method of operating on this affection1 must be apparent4 ,a very large part of those cured by our treatment have previously spent far more money for worthless electric suspensories1 equable scrotal compressors1 scrotal clamps1 various rings1 and other jim cracks1 than was paid us for a radical and permanent cure4 ,some of these instruments are so formidable as to suggest the racks and thumbscrews of the middle ages4 ,such useless appliances often weaken the scrotal muscles by the unnatural compression which they produce and make the discomfort far worse when they are discontinued than before their use4 ,for such cases as cannot come to us at once for an immediate and perfect cure1 we have a common sense method of treatment1 comparatively inexpensive1 that gives relief and comfort in all cases1 and in mild cases often effects a complete cure4 ,this treatment leaves the scrotum and its contents in an improved1 strengthened and more healthful state4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,if the following letters had been written by your nearest1 most respected and trustworthy neighbors1 they could not be entitled to more confidence than they now are1 coming1 as they do1 from intelligent citizens1 each one of whom1 in his own neighborhood1 enjoys the full confidence of all his acquaintances4 ,these letters are taken at random from among hundreds of similar ones1 received from former patients of ours1 residing in all parts of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 and if it would add anything to the endorsement in the way of giving greater confidence in our ability to treat successfully the malady under consideration1 we could multiply the letters which we here introduce many times over4 ,to publish more1 however1 would seem to be tedious repetition1 for there necessarily must be a sameness in all such letters testifying to our skill1 and we must1 therefore1 be content to rest our case with the limited number of endorsements which we have room for only in this volume4 ,,varicocele4 ,a ,,perfectly ,,painless ,,operation4 ,,patient ,,smokes ,a ,,cigar ,,and ,,talks ,,with ,,the ,,surgeons ,,while ,,operation ,,is ,,being ,,performed4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,j4 ,seth1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i suffered with varicocele at the age of nine years1 caused by a fall1 and doctored for same about fifteen years1 and obtained no relief4 ,renowned surgeons of ,pittsburgh1 ,new ,york1 and other cities pronounced my case incurable4 ,i heard of the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and entered it as a last resource4 ,on the third day after entering the ,institution ,i was treated1 and during the operation 7which was a painless one71 ,i smoked a cigar and talked with the operating surgeons1 feeling no pain whatever4 ,i remained in the ,hotel one week1 and during that time ,i never once was unable to walk to the elevator and have my meals in the dining room4 ,the tables were laden with the best the country can produce4 ,it is truly ,the ,invalids' ,hotel 7or rather home71 as the clerks and nurses are very kind1 attentive and social4 ,will add1 that ,i am permanently cured1 and advise any person thus afflicted not to hesitate entering the ,invalids' ,hotel for treatment4 ,respectfully1 ,a4,j4 ,,seth1 ,lucinda1 ,clarion ,co41 ,penna4 ,,varicocele4 ,fair ,view1 ,sanpete ,co41 ,utah4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,f4 ,petts1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i feel it my duty to thank you for the benefit ,i received at your ,institution during the month of ,december1 #ahib4 ,i was afflicted with varicocele on the left side1 which caused me a great deal of trouble and almost made me feel at times that ,i did not want to live any longer if ,i could not be restored to soundness again4 ,hearing of your skill in the treatment of varicocele ,i determined to give you a trial1 which ,i accordingly did1 and with gratifying results for now ,i am as sound and well as a gold dollar4 ,the operation which was performed on me at your ,institution for the permanent cure of varicocele was1 to my great surprise1 entirely painless and performed in a much briefer time than ,i expected4 ,i only remained at your noble ,institution ten days after the operation1 at the end of which time ,i returned to my home at ,chatham ,hill1 ,smyth ,co41 ,va4 ,when ,i got home ,i experienced very little soreness from the operation and ,i felt that ,i could enjoy life fully4 ,about six months after1 ,i got married and came to ,utah where ,i now reside1 and ,i am very much pleased to say that ,i am now as sound and well as ever1 and very happy in my married state4 ,when ,i went to your ,institution ,i was surprised to see such a great number of young men from almost every ,state in the ,union1 who had come there to be operated upon for varicocele2 and they all told me that the operation was painless to them1 as it also was to me1 and they said they were fast improving and were glad they had come there for treatment4 ,i never experienced such great and unprecedented kindness as ,i did during the ten days ,i was at the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,i had an excellent room--well furnished1 plenty to eat1 and was treated with the kindness of a mother by the nurses and attending physician4 ,i advise all who are afflicted with varicocele to go to your ,institution at once for an operation1 which ,i assure them they will never regret4 ,trusting that those who require an operation of any kind1 or who are afflicted in any way1 may go to your ,institution and be restored to health1 and again thanking you for my restoration to health and ,,your great kindness and good treatment of me while ,i was with you1 ,i remain1 ,yours very truly1 ,william ,f4 ,petts ,p4,s4--,my sister's life was saved by your ,favorite ,prescription1 ,w4,f4,p4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,ebsary1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is with great pleasure ,i recommend those suffering from varicocele to your skillful hands4 ,i suffered with varicocele for seven years1 caused by standing behind the counter at business from seven in the morning until ten and twelve o'clock at night4 ,in #ahhh a friend gave me a copy of your ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,after perusing its pages ,i was convinced of the genuineness of its doctrine4 ,i immediately started for ,buffalo--a distance of #a1ijj miles4 ,during my stay of ten days at your ,institution ,i was treated with the utmost kindness by the nurses and surgeons1 all of whom are expert specialists4 ,the equipment of the ,institution is something immense4 ,i often think of the appetite those healthy exercises in the treatment room gave me when dinner time came4 ,after being in the ,institution three days ,i underwent an operation for varicocele--an injection of medicine locally making the operation absolutely free from pain4 ,the operation was performed in about thirty minutes1 immediately after which ,i could walk to my room1 and1 after resting an hour1 descended to the dining room and took my dinner as usual4 ,while at the ,institution ,i met numerous persons suffering from varicocele1 and it was quite pleasing to contrast their happy looks as they wished you goodbye with the haggard appearance they had upon entering4 ,after leaving the ,institution ,i traveled about #a1djj miles by rail and #ejj miles by water without the least inconvenience1 which ,i consider a fair test of the operation4 ,five years have passed since that time1 and ,i now feel as sound as it is possible to feel4 ,in conclusion1 let me say to those suffering from varicocele that it is impossible for them to do better than follow my example4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,arthur ,,ebsary1 7,care of ,hon4 ,jas4 ,baird47 ,water ,street1 ,st4 ,john's1 ,newfoundland4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4,h4 ,jenkins1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am a carpenter and some years ago1 ,i fell from a scaffold which in time almost killed me4 ,i wasn't hurt very much at the time1 but a dull aching pain seemed to take me in the left side of the scrotum1 and after ,i could stand it no longer1 ,i went to my doctor4 ,he said that ,i had a rupture of the blood veins of the left testicle1 and it was incurable4 ,i gave up in despair2 but at last1 a friend handed me some of your advertising papers1 and ,i saw the ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser advertised and sent for the book and studied its contents carefully1 and came to the conclusion that ,i was suffering from varicocele4 ,i found on consulting you that my suspicions were right4 ,i at once wrote you for particulars1 and in less than a week ,i was at the ,invalids' ,hotel for treatment4 ,at that time no one knows how ,i suffered2 but ,i hadn't long to suffer4 ,in ten days after an entirely painless operation ,i was a well man and returned home4 ,i cannot say too much in regard to the treatment and care from both ,surgeons and ,nurses4 ,nothing was left undone to promote comfort and good care4 ,it is the only place on earth that ,i would feel safe to trust my life for a severe operation4 ,there were1 ,i think1 over #ajj patients at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at the time ,i was there1 and as ,i had a good chance to be with them1 ,i found that they were all doing remarkably well4 ,at the date of my operation which was the #gth of ,march1 #ahic1 ,i weighed just #afe pounds2 to-day ,i weigh #ahi4 ,i have gained in health1 strength and vigor every day1 ,i believe4 ,i would just say1 in conclusion1 that ,i can give my word as an honest man to any sufferer that ,i believe he can be cured of almost any chronic malady at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,respectfully yours1 ,f4,h4 ,,jenkins1 7,box #ac71 ,ascot ,corner1 ,sherbrooke ,co41 ,p4,q41 ,canada4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,r4,c4 ,martin1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for the radical cure of a varicocele of the left side from which ,i had suffered for four years1 ,i take pleasure in certifying to the speedy and certain relief afforded me1 and the painless nature of the operation1 as performed by the surgeons of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,fourteen days from the time of the operation ,i returned home cured1 and went to work4 ,i desire to express my thanks to the ,medical ,staff for their skill and attention4 ,i met several patients while at the ,sanitarium1 and they all reported as getting along favorably and well4 ,respectfully1 ,r4,c4 ,,martin1 ,gambril1 ,scott ,co41 ,iowa4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,chas4 ,dove1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can heartily say that the operation was a great success4 ,i had rupture of the veins1 or ,varicocele1 ten years4 ,i never thought that ,i could be cured so easily4 ,the operation was entirely painless1 and ,i was only nine days away from home4 ,i am now as well as ever and ,i recommend the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute to any one who is suffering from any chronic disease4 ,yours1 ,,charles ,,dove1 #cc ,john ,st41 ,wilkes ,barre1 ,pa4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,singrey1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was successfully treated for varicocele at the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,the operation was made painless by local application1 previously applied1 which made the parts insensible1 and ,i returned home the ninth day4 ,while there ,i met with patients from all parts of the country1 and all spoke in the highest terms of the treatment received from the surgeons and nurses and all connected with the ,institution4 ,yours respectfully1 ,j4,f4 ,,singrey1 ,maryville1 ,nodaway ,co41 ,mo4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,p4 ,,smith1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i feel very thankful to the ,association for the benefit received--due to an operation performed for the cure of a varicocele of many years' standing4 ,all traces of the disease have disappeared4 ,i was surprised to know that so little pain was connected with the operation4 ,will say to those who think of visiting the ,invalids' ,hotel1 that they will be treated well1 and their visit will be made as pleasant as possible during their stay4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,henry ,p4 ,,smith1 ,warren1 ,huntington ,co41 ,ind4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,r4 ,southern1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for varicocele of ten years' standing1 ,i take pleasure in certifying to a speedy and perfect cure4 ,the operation was made painless by local applications previously applied1 which made the parts insensible to such a degree that the operation was performed without any suffering on my part4 ,time of stay1 after operation1 was ten days4 ,i cannot speak too highly of the care and attention ,i received from the surgeons and nurses while there2 everything that was provided was of the best--the best of food1 clean apartments and pleasant rooms4 ,i would recommend your ,institution to any one suffering from any kind of chronic or surgical disease2 and if they will only go to your ,institution1 they will meet with patients cured and others on the way to recovery from the same difficulty they have themselves--no matter what it is1 if curable at all4 ,i wish you success1 ,yours truly1 ,,george ,r4 ,,southern1 ,morris1 ,otsego ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,b4,t4 ,stone1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is with pleasure that ,i certify to the success of the operation performed upon me for varicocele at your ,institution some months ago4 ,this operation was performed by one of your specialists in a skillful and painless manner4 ,i found the ,invalids' ,hotel just what it is represented to be1 and all patients who were there were well satisfied with the treatment4 ,i was not confined to bed at all after the operation1 and was able to leave at the end of ten days in an excellent condition4 ,i am unable to express the great relief which your treatment has given me and ,i cannot say too much in praise of your ,institution4 ,i take great pleasure in recommending you whenever ,i get a chance1 and cannot thank you enough for what you have done for me4 ,with kindest regards1 ,i am sincerely yours1 ,b4,t4 ,,stone1 ,fellowsville1 ,preston ,co41 ,w4 ,va4 ,,large ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4,w4 ,kelly1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it gives me much pleasure to state that during my stay at your ,sanitarium ,i was treated with the utmost kindness1 and found everything there just as represented in your pamphlet1 if not indeed better4 ,your ,institution is the best of the kind that ,i have ever seen and if it is possible for a person to be cured your specialists will accomplish it4 ,a visit there convinced me that you do not make promises which you do not fulfill4 ,after being there and having a surgical operation successfully performed1 ,i heartily recommend all invalids to give your place a trial4 ,much to my surprise the operation which was performed was perfectly painless1 no ansthetic was given1 and ,i was not confined to my bed for an hour4 ,i was able to leave your ,institution at the end of ten days completely cured4 ,i can heartily commend your efforts in the cause of suffering humanity1 and shall be pleased to offer my personal testimony at any time4 ,with best wishes to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 ,i am1 ,sincerely yours1 ,c4,w4 ,,kelly1 ,riverside1 ,riverside ,co41 ,cal4 ,,varicocele4 ,,the ,,result ,,of ,,injury4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4,f4,l4 ,de,haven1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,nine years ago ,i was struck with a springing pole1 causing the spermatic cord to swell badly4 ,i applied for medical aid and was told that no harm would result4 ,but ,i grew worse1 and spent over one hundred dollars with quacks and received no help4 ,four years ago while reading a chapter in ,dr4 ,pierce's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 ,i noticed that no hesitation was made in stating that a permanent and radical cure of varicocele could be made at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,i went to the ,hotel and the result was ,i returned home in eleven days permanently cured4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of the surgeon1 and his delicacy and kindness in performing a painless operation2 or of the nurses1 who almost hourly visit the invalids and minister to their comfort4 ,the ,institution is fully equipped and nothing is left undone that can relieve suffering4 ,i conversed with a great many patients while at the ,invalids' ,hotel and language could not express their delight at their treatment there4 ,i earnestly urge all invalids to save time and suffering by being treated at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute where the latest and most improved methods are used1 and operations are made painless and where everything is delightful and comfortable4 ,i owe my life to the tenderness and skill of the surgeon and nurses at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,very truly yours1 ,,clarence ,f4,l4 ,,dehaven1 ,haynes1 ,hocking ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4 ,brooks1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can say that while in your ,institution ,i received the best of care and attention both by doctors and nurses2 that your operation was almost entirely without pain2 that my virility has increased since then as well as the tone of my general health2 that your ,institution is as commodious and cheerful as one could wish4 ,your patients with whom ,i became acquainted while there nearly all seemed to be well pleased with the ease and comfort of their surroundings as well as the manner in which they were treated for varicocele4 ,respectfully1 ,,flavius ,,brooks1 ,sinnamahoning1 ,cameron ,co41 ,pa4 ,,bad ,,varicocele ,,of ,,many ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,e4 ,moorefield1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in recommending your ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute as first-class in every respect4 ,some four years ago ,i was there and had an operation performed on me for a very bad varicocele with which ,i had been troubled some #ae or #bj years4 ,the operation was made painless by the use of local applications4 ,after staying at your place about twenty days 7longer than is generally necessary7 ,i was able to make my long trip home4 ,the operation was a very successful one1 considering the long time my trouble had been neglected1 as ,i have suffered little or no inconvenience since4 ,i saw a very large number of patients at the ,invalids' ,hotel from all parts of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 and all of them seemed to have a very high opinion of the treatment they were receiving from your ,specialists1 and ,i know personally1 of several remarkably successful operations performed by your skillful surgeons while ,i was there4 ,respectfully1 ,d4,e4 ,,moorefieid1 ,nathalie1 ,halifax ,co41 ,va4 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,h4 ,miller1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for the cure of ,varicocele1 which was caused from heavy lifting1 ,i take pleasure in informing you that it is entirely cured2 it was a varicocele of a number of years' standing and a bad case4 ,it has been three years since ,i was operated upon and ,i have not experienced any trouble from it since2 in fact1 ,i feel that ,i am now entirely cured4 ,the operation is painless and gives entire satisfaction in every respect4 ,i advise all who are suffering from this or any other chronic disease to take treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and they will be well rewarded by so doing4 ,yours respectfully1 ,,david ,h4 ,,miller1 ,markle1 ,huntington ,co41 ,ind4 ,,varicocele ,,or ,,false ,,rupture--,,due ,,to ,,straining ,,and ,,overwork4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo4 ,n4,y43 ,illustration ,gentlemen--,i can bear testimony to the removal of the difficulty for which you treated me1 for ,i had been to experts in ,philadelphia and they did not know how to perform the operation1 and said ,i could not be cured4 ,i was treated by experts in ,albany and other cities1 but all for no use4 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and was operated upon and find ,i am cured4 ,the treatment in every other respect was good2 everything was done to make patients happy and pleasant2 the best of care and attention was paid to all4 ,yours truly1 ,w4 ,mc,g,o,w,a,n1 ,orbisonia1 ,huntingdon ,co41 ,pa4 ,,varicocele ,,or ,,false ,,rupture--,,twelve ,,years' ,,standing--,,cured ,,in ,,ten ,,days4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,n4,h4 ,sharitz1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for the radical cure of a ,varicocele of the left side1 from which ,i had suffered for twelve years1 ,i take pleasure in certifying to the speedy and certain relief afforded1 and the painless nature of the operation as performed by the surgeon of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,ten days from the time of the operation1 ,i returned home radically and permanently cured4 ,i desire to express my thanks to the medical staff for their skill and attention4 ,gratefully yours1 ,n4,h4 ,,sharitz1 ,box #bb4 ,rural ,retreat1 ,wythae ,co41 ,va4 ,,varicocele ,,and ,,resultant ,,weaknesses4 ,,wasting ,,of ,,strength ,,and ,,manly ,,vigor--,,now ,,strong ,,and ,,well4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,robert ,b4 ,wills1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am unable to find words to express my feelings of gratefulness and gratitude that ,i owe to your ,institution1 for the able and gentlemanly treatment that ,i was favored with during my stay with you1 by officials and attendants in their respective capacities1 in every department4 ,nothing was left undone that could possibly be of benefit to me or add to my comfort1 and to your ,institution1 your treatment1 which in my own experience ,i have found to be marvelously wonderful1 ,i feel to-day as if ,i owe my health1 my strength1 my life2 for ,i firmly believe if it had not been for your timely and painless treatment1 instead of writing to you at this time1 being in the enjoyment of health and strength1 ,i would be filling a place in an insane asylum or an invalid's grave4 ,and it may not be more than just to your wonderful treatment to say that the ,varicocele and resultant weaknesses was of about fifteen years' standing1 during which time ,i had spent time and money with both physicians and quacks1 without any result for the better1 and when my life blood was daily wasting away1 and the powers of manly strength and vigor were completely gone1 by an act of ,providence ,i went to your ,institution as a last resort1 for life or death4 ,i was painlessly operated upon by you for my complaint1 from which time ,i have steadily improved in health1 strength1 weight and vigor1 until ,i have gone from #ace pounds1 my weight when operated upon1 to #agd1 at which ,i tip the balance as ,i write to you to-day4 ,if the afflicted everywhere could only realize that so many lives may be spared by your wonderful treatment1 none would stay away4 ,you are at liberty to give my testimony to the world in whatever way it may be of most benefit to you4 ,i also enclose a photograph of myself that has been taken since the effects of your treatment have been shown4 ,with feelings of much gratefulness1 ,i am1 ,very truly yours1 ,,robert ,b4 ,,wills1 ,no4 #bc ,elizabeth ,st41 ,hagerstown1 ,md4 ,,rupture ,,of ,,spermatic ,,veins4 ,,varicocele 7,,false ,,rupture7--,,previous ,,operator ,,left ,,part ,,of ,,surgeon',s ,,needle ,,in ,,flesh2 ,,successfully ,,extracted ,,at ,,invalids' ,,hotel4 ,illustration3 ,chas4 ,p4 ,morse1 ,esq4 ,,what ,i ,,think ,,of ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute3 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute is an ,institution first-class in every respect1 presided over by a capable1 honest and pleasant lot of medical experts who certainly know their business4 ,i cannot speak of it too highly4 ,i was treated there in the summer of #ahhg1 for ,rupture of the ,spermatic ,veins1 previous to which ,i had been operated on two different times1 with no relief1 by a doctor here in this place cracked up to be one of the best in ,northern ,illinois1 and an officer of the ,chicago ,eye and ,ear ,infirmary4 ,the operation at the ,invalids' ,hotel was perfectly painless1 did not have to take any ansthetic1 neither was ,i confined to my bed at all1 and the result a perfect success2 while in the two previous operations ,i had here at home1 ,i was confined to my bed a week each time and another week scarcely able to move about1 be sides getting worse each time with pain enough to drive one crazy4 ,but the half has not been told4 ,about two and a half years after ,i had been cured of my difficulty at ,buffalo1 ,i commenced having terrible pains in my leg and abdomen1 for which ,i could not account1 and after standing it until it seemed as though ,i would be glad to die1 ,i again consulted the ,invalids' ,hotel2 after a thorough investigation they operated on me where my pain seemed the most apparent1 and dug out a piece of a surgeon's needle something over half an inch in length1 that had been broken off in the first operation ,i had by the doctor here at home1 and so admitted by him when confronted with it4 ,i have spent lots of money and nearly six years of the worst pain man ever stood getting relief1 while had ,i known of this place on the start1 an operation with no pain whatever and scarcely more discomfort than a sore mouth after having a tooth removed1 would have ended it all4 ,in conclusion1 ,i will say to any poor sufferer1 don't do as ,i did and put your trust in the would-be greatest doctor you have at home1 but go to this place at ,buffalo1 where you will have proof of their ability1 and where you will surely meet patients about to leave1 cured2 others on their way to recovery for the same difficulty you may have yourself1 no matter what it is1 if curable at all2 a place where you will have the kindest of attention1 the best of medical and surgical skill1 and where you can see sufferers going away every day with hearts full of gratitude and happy4 ,respectfully1 ,,chas4 ,p4 ,,morse1 #caa ,north ,avon ,st41 ,rockford1 ,ills4 ,,varicocele-,,false ,,rupture ,,caused ,,by ,,injury4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,g4,w4 ,mc,collom1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in the year #ahff1 sometime in ,july1 ,i jumped from a load of lumber to the ground1 and at once felt a sharp severe pain along the spermatic cord of left side of scrotum1 preventing my walking to the house without help4 ,the veins near the cord filled to such extent that they seemed solid1 and could not be reduced for some time4 ,i went to a good doctor and by him was advised to pay no attention to it1 it will not amount to much4 ,from that time ,i suffered continually1 and will not try to describe what ,i endured until ,i was relieved by a surgical operation performed on me by the surgeon-specialist of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,after working-hard for several years my suffering increased and ,i was advised to consult ,prof4 ,l41 of ,chicago ,hahnemann ,college 7of ,homeopathic ,school7 and by him was informed an operation of tieing the veins 7choking them off7 could be performed but #ij per cent 7if ,i remember rightly7 of the operations proved fatal4 ,i decided not to try it4 ,by accident ,i learned of your great skill1 and though my case was of twenty-one years' time1 and my health and strength gone1 ,i considered the method plausible and reasonably safe4 ,i had the operation performed1 and now after six years have passed1 ,i can say with satisfaction1 there is little to be noticed or remind me of the past years of misery4 ,the parts are of healthy-color4 ,urine has assumed a natural appearance1 both sides of scrotum seem in size alike4 ,no bandage is worn and for two years has been discarded4 ,my weight increased and for two years prior to the taking of my photo1 ,i did the work of handling a third-class post office1 doing a money order business of #ej1jjj1 not losing a day in that time1 and at the present time in this hot climate1 ,i have been doing outdoor work1 some of it hard1 and with mercury at #ajj degrees4 ,i have worked and found no need of a bandage2 and no unnatural relaxation of the scrotum or veins is noticed4 ,if anyone wishes to write me1 they are at liberty to do so4 ,if my experience can be of benefit to any1 ,i will answer all enquiries1 and in a general way will now say no one should delay attending to such difficulty1 for if the blood is in a reasonably healthy condition your surgeon will operate in such a way that the result will be all right in time4 ,i send photo taken in #ahia4 ,respectfully1 ,,george ,w4 ,mc,c,o,l,l,o,m1 ,monrovia1 ,los ,angeles ,co41 ,cal4 ,,varicocele4 ,sanborn1 ,barnes ,co41 ,n4 ,dak41 ,aug4 #ith1 #ahie4 ,,proprietor ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sir--,having been afflicted with varicocele and loss of manhood and having heard so much of the cure for these troubles at the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,buffalo4 ,n4,y41 ,i went there and was operated upon4 ,the operation itself is nothing to bear4 ,it is painless and the result is a radical cure4 ,for this you have my sincere thanks4 ,i take pleasure in recommending your ,institution to all sufferers and know that it is in every respect just as claimed to be4 ,i would say to all who suffer from this trouble3 go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and you will get relief4 ,you will receive kind attention from all4 ,very truly yours1 ,george ,bignall4 ,,varicocele ,,and ,,general ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,l4 ,ridings1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i can bear testimony to the removal of varicocele1 for which you treated me4 ,i had been in the habit of getting out with the boys and trying to see which could kick the highest with one foot on the ground1 and it caused me to have varicocele4 ,i went to my home doctor and he treated me with no success4 ,it was getting worse all the time and ,i got out of shape all over4 ,my health got bad and ,i thought my case hopeless4 ,i had tried two doctors and received no benefit4 ,i had one of your little ,memorandum ,books in my pocket1 and one day1 looking through it ,i saw you treated such cases1 and wrote you and received word in a few days that you would treat me1 so ,i sent off for one month's treatment2 and in five months ,i had gained my weight back1 and that was eight years ago and ,i feel sound and well and my health has been good ever since4 ,you are at liberty to use my testimony in whatever way if may be of most benefit to you4 ,i also enclose a photograph of myself that was taken soon after your treatment4 ,with feelings of much gratefulness1 ,i am1 ,very truly yours1 ,j4,l4 ,,ridings1 ,clarence1 ,shelby ,county1 ,missouri4 ,,varicocele ,,and ,,nervous ,,debility4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,a4 ,walton1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i commenced treatment1 ,i think1 in ,july or ,august1 of #ahhh1 and continued four months4 ,my case was nervous debility of fifteen years' standing4 ,i tried home doctors but found they were only aggravating my case4 ,i also tried the ,remedy ,company1 then of ,st4 ,louis1 who claimed to perform wonderful cures with their ,pastiles1 but they proved utterly worthless4 ,having come in possession of ,dr4 ,pierce's little book and circulars1 a perusal of the same convinced me that my health would not be trifled with at his ,institution4 ,i was a poor man and could not afford much experimenting4 ,i ordered one month's treatment1 and at the end of this first month1 ,i found1 to my surprise1 that ,i was feeling different4 ,the second month1 still more surprised at my returning health4 ,third month thought ,i was cured1 and engaged myself to a young lady1 and wrote you to that effect1 and you advised me with your congratulations to marry1 and to order another month's treatment2 and at the end of the fourth month ,i was a man1 something ,i did not know what it would be like to be before4 ,i have now been married five years1 and have two healthy children--a boy and a girl4 ,i would never have dared to marry had it not been for your medicines4 ,i must add that during this treatment ,i was troubled with varicocele on left side4 ,i wrote you this at third month of treatment1 and you sent without extra charge1 a ,suspensory and ,lotion1 and two months' treatment cured me sound and well of this distressing malady2 ,i have not felt the least symptoms of its return4 ,i want the world to know what a competent and honorable firm the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association is4 ,i would love to shake you by the hand4 ,may ,god let you continue to be a help to mankind is my prayer4 ,yours truly1 ,d4,a4 ,,walton1 ,marion1 ,grant ,county1 ,ind4 ,,bad ,,varicocele ,,of ,,long ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,m4 ,elam1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i feel many obligations to your noble skill1 as physicians4 ,i was treated with much kindness by physicians and nurses4 ,i was surprised to find such a speedy cure of such a bad case of varicocele of long standing2 the operation was entirely painless and ,i felt a great change in myself1 as a result of it4 ,am so glad to tell any sufferer of that terrible disease to apply to you at once and be cured1 for ,i am sure ,i could not have lived long as the pressure and burden was so great ,i could scarcely be on my feet at all2 any work in an upright position was impossible4 ,now it has been five years since ,i was operated upon and ,i feel well of that disease--varicocele attended with impotency or weakness of the generative organs1 caused by varicocele4 ,thanks to the good physician who relieved me--hope he may live long and be able to relieve all that submit themselves to him for treatment1 as ,i did4 ,i found everything that had been described to be just so in regard to the ,staff and ,institution4 ,gratefully yours1 ,j4,m4 ,,elam1 ,flat ,rock1 ,scott ,co41 ,va4 ,,double ,,varicocele ,,and ,,stricture ,,of ,,urethra4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,hanson1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have taken treatment from you for several months for nervous debility1 and although ,i am not quite fully cured as yet1 ,i have been greatly benefited1 and believe1 if ,i had come to you before ,i was duped and swindled by different quacks and was more dead than alive1 ,i would to-day be a thoroughly well man4 ,i have also been to your ,institute twice for surgical operations1 and cannot too highly praise the ,hotel1 or the skill and care of the attending surgeons and nurses4 ,they are gentlemen in every way and the ,invalids' ,hotel is just as represented4 ,i shall advise all suffering from chronic diseases to go to you for relief1 as ,i have never seen any one there who was not cured or greatly benefited4 ,very truly yours1 ,,christian ,,hanson1 ,austin1 ,mower ,co41 ,minn4 ,,indigestion1 ,,constipation1 ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,hodges4 ,dear ,sirs--,in regard to my condition of health1 will say1 although ,i am not entirely well1 yet ,i have received much and lasting good from your treatment4 ,my digestion was improved greatly1 so that little trouble is experienced after eating2 my liver seems to act reasonably well1 and my bowels are much better4 ,my varicocele ,i consider entirely cured1 as ,i have not used the bandage for one half day for more than six months1 and do not experience any inconvenience from that source4 ,yours truly1 ,,harlan ,,hodges1 ,keota1 ,keokuk ,co41 ,ia4 ,,bad ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4,h4 ,dellinger1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute for the radical cure of a bad varicocele1 from which ,i had suffered for eight years1 ,i desire to express my thanks to you for your kindness and skill4 ,and ,i would advise all persons1 needing surgical or medical treatment1 to go to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,william ,h4 ,,dellinger1 ,vincennes1 ,knox ,co41 ,ind4 ,,varicocele4 ,cambridge1 ,furnas ,co41 ,nebr4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,with great gratitude toward your most valuable ,institute1 ,i feel indebted to you for the cure of varicocele4 ,i was troubled ten years with this annoying disease1 caused1 ,i think1 by being thrown from a horse4 ,my case was of a very obstinate character4 ,i was treated by a leading specialist of ,omaha1 ,nebr41 without success and without being in the least benefited4 ,i expended the neat little sum of #ejj1 and then sank back in despair1 losing all hopes of a cure4 ,i had previous to my treatment in ,omaha noticed a little hand or ,memorandum ,book of the ,world's ,dispensary1 and again one came to my notice4 ,i mustered up courage to write to you1 and in ,june1 #ahib1 ,i visited your ,institute for treatment4 ,i was treated by the best skilled surgeons and given best attention by experienced nurses4 ,i met a number of patients while under treatment troubled with various and complex diseases1 who expressed their gratitude to the ,faculty of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the operation performed was rendered painless1 owing to local applications previously applied4 ,after the operation1 which was about #aa o'clock1 ,a4,m41 ,i rested until #ab1 noon1 and responded to the dinner call as usual4 ,i was required to remain but ten days1 then returned home1 a distance of some twelve hundred miles4 ,i wore a neat fitting support for about six months1 and then abandoned it and have gone as nature created me4 ,oh1 what a relief4 ,i had worn a suspensory for about six years4 ,i have had no return of former trouble1 it being now about two years since the operation4 ,to any suffering with varicocele ,i must say1 don't delay1 but place yourself under treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and you will say as ,i do1 ',the half has never been told4' ,with earnest wishes for your future success1 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,e4,l4 ,brown ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4,e4 ,righetti1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to inform you of the success of your treatment of me for varicocele on the left side and its attendant weakness1 etc4 ,i am now happy to say that through the agency of your surgical skill and the efficacy of your medicine1 ,i am healthy1 strong1 and a perfect man4 ,i suffered for about two years previous to the operation with acute pain in the parts1 and continued mental anxiety4 ,i desire to express my entire satisfaction that1 during the ten days that ,i remained in the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,i never experienced such uniform kindness and attention as ,i did from the attending surgeon and from all the attachees1 and that ,i recommend all persons similarly afflicted to consult you1 and they can be sure to find the way to happiness4 ,respectfully yours1 ,d4,e4 ,,righetti1 ,cayucos1 ,san ,luis ,obispo ,co41 ,cal4 ,,varicocele ,,of ,,twenty ,,years' ,,standing--,,cured ,,without ,,pain4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,c4,h4 ,boyle1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take great pleasure in recommending the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,after trying my home physicians without obtaining any permanent relief1 and growing constantly worse1 ,i went to this famous ,institution and submitted to an operation for varicocele4 ,this was a perfect success1 and soon ,i felt like a new man1 and as strong as ,i ever did4 ,i feel that nothing ,i could say would do justice to this renowned ,institution4 ,in every way1 it is kept in advance of the age4 ,the staff of physicians and nurses spare no pains to make the visit of every one pleasant as well as beneficial in the highest degree4 ,i would urge all sufferers afflicted as ,i was1 or with any chronic disease1 to avail themselves1 without delay1 of the skillful treatment to be obtained of the specialists of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 for ,i am confident that they will receive all the benefit that can be obtained from medical or surgical treatment and care4 ,yours truly1 ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,boyle1 ,fort ,benton1 ,choteau ,co41 ,montana4 ,,varicocele4 ,,spent #ejj ,,with ,,other ,,doctors ,,to ,,no ,,purpose4 ,bryson1 ,jack ,co41 ,texas4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i had been troubled with varicocele for nine years1 and had given up ever being cured4 ,after spending #ejj4jj1 with medical quacks ,i then went to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association as a last resort4 ,one of their skillful surgeons performed an operation upon me which was entirely painless4 ,i conversed with several other patients1 who had the same disease4 ,they seemed happy to know that there was such an ,institution that could relieve suffering humanity4 ,the surgeons and nurses were so good and kind to us and gave us the best of attention and even the patients had a very fraternal feeling toward each other4 ,your ,institution is finely equipped and has the best of accommodations4 ,accept my thanks4 ,yours truly1 ,a4,d4 ,bryson ,a ,,bad ,,case4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,c4 ,decker1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have been cured of an almost life-long difficulty by the skill of your specialist1 and heartily thank you for the successful manner in which the operation was performed in my case4 ,the result is complete and perfect relief1 and as time advances ,i can each day more fully appreciate the value of your ,institution4 ,the time spent there ,i shall never forget1 as it was a time of extreme pleasure to me4 ,the operation was perfectly painless and did not confine me to my bed1 and this taken with the extreme kindness of every one connected with the ,institution1 made the time pass in a very happy manner4 ,i consider your ,hotel first-class in every respect1 and would heartily advise all sufferers from chronic ailments to visit you before giving up their cases as hopeless4 ,respectfully yours1 ,h4,c4 ,,decker1 ,dresbach1 ,winona ,co41 ,minn4 ,,varicocele-,,caused ,,from ,,strain4 ,montague1 ,sussex ,co41 ,n4,j4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,in reply to your inquiry concerning my treatment1 ,i cheerfully give you the following testimonial3 ,i was troubled for many years with a very bad varicocele1 which ,i received when a boy while jumping4 ,the complaint troubled me exceedingly4 ,i tried almost every known means to effect a cure1 but with no avail1 for the more ,i doctored the more aggravated became the disease4 ,after thus suffering for many years and knowing of the fame your ,institution had attained in curing such diseases1 ,i at last consulted your specialist in that class of diseases--was operated upon and returned home in ten days1 a sound and well man4 ,i can recommend your ,institution to all suffering humanity as the most home-like1 your nurses the most attentive and specialists the most skillful the world can offer4 ,may you long be the benefactors of mankind4 ,yours truly1 ,f4,l4 ,van ,etten ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,h4 ,,mahnken1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,the result of your operation1 performed one year and a half ago for a case of varicocele of twelve years' standing1 and which had troubled me very much1 has cured me entirely4 ,i am thankful to ,god that ,he put it into my mind to visit your ,surgical ,institute4 ,i cannot recommend your skill too highly4 ,yours truly1 ,,ed4 ,h4 ,,mahnken1 ,smithton1 ,pettis ,co41 ,mo4 ,,varicocele4 ,medora1 ,billings ,co41 ,n4 ,dak4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,having been operated upon at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for the radical cure of a varicocele on the left side from which ,i suffered four years1 ,i take pleasure in certifying to the speedy and certain relief afforded1 and the painless operation1 as performed by the surgeon of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,ten days from the time of the operation ,i returned home permanently cured4 ,i desire to express my thanks to the ,medical ,staff for their skill and attention4 ,gratefully yours1 ,geo4 ,o4 ,reid ,a ,,strong ,,endorsement4 ,to whom it may concern3 ,illustration3 ,h4,e4 ,bankston ,this is to certify that ,i took treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and ,i was cured of a chronic trouble that had been maltreated by other physicians4 ,while there ,i saw a man who had been cured by the specialists1 who had before been given up to die by the best doctors in ,troy1 ,n4,y4 ,of course1 the case must have been a very stubborn one4 ,i afterwards saw a man here1 in ,georgia1 die1 who1 if he had been in ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute under the treatment and care of his skilled doctors and nurses1 ,i know would have most assuredly got well4 ,why8 ,because it was only a cage of stone in the bladder1 and they are easily cured at ,dr4 ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute4 ,i think almost any chronic disease can be cured there1 if taken in time1 judging from my observations while an inmate of that ,institution4 ,h4,e4 ,,bankston1 ,barnesville1 ,pike ,co41 ,ga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hydrocele1 ,,or ,,dropsy ,,of ,,the ,,scrotum4 ,this malady consists of a collection of water in the tunica vaginalis1 or membranous sac which contains the testicles4 ,it may affect either one or both sides4 ,in health the sac-like covering1 or investing membrane1 of the testicle secretes a limpid fluid which lubricates its inner surface4 ,when secreted in excess1 it accumulates and constitutes hydrocele4 ,the tumor commences at the bottom of the scrotum and grows very gradually1 while hernia1 or rupture1 with which it is often confounded1 progresses from above downwards and makes its appearance suddenly4 ,we were recently consulted by an aged gentlemen1 whose disease a distinguished surgeon had pronounced double hernia4 ,on examining the enlargement1 we found the disease to be dropsy of the scrotum1 complicated with varicocele4 ,,causes4 ,injuries from blows or bruises are among the most common causes of this disease4 ,it may also result from inflammation of the testicle or from excited action in those parts4 ,it has been known to result from stricture of the urethra1 or water-passage1 and also from local irritation along that passage4 ,,hydrocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4,h4 ,williams1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,in answer to inquiries will say1 that any person afflicted as ,i was1 ,i would advise them not to listen to any ordinary doctor1 but leave at once for the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 where he could get the best of treatment and attendance that money could procure4 ,the table also is loaded with the best of fruits1 vegetables1 and the finest meats of the markets4 ,respectfully1 ,h4,h4 ,,williams1 ,st4 ,augustine1 ,florida4 ,,hydrocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,flynn1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,without solicitation1 but simply to aid suffering humanity1 ,i take pleasure in recommending your place to any suffering from ,hydrocele4 ,i was cured in a short time1 after having the ,hydrocele for eighteen years4 ,your new process is painless1 no knife being used and is certain1 sure and safe4 ,with many good wishes of success1 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,,david ,,flynn1 7,engineer1 ,s4,f4 ,w4 ,ry417 ,way ,cross1 ,ware ,co41 ,ga4 ,,hematocele ,,or ,,ruptured ,,veins4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,parker1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i was afflicted with ,hematocele of large size1 caused by an injury1 for which home-treatment gave me no relief4 ,hearing of your ,invalids' ,hotel ,i went there and had an operation performed for its cure4 ,i have the greatest confidence in your ,specialists1 as the operation was a perfect success4 ,it was perfectly painless1 and ,i was able to go home in less than two weeks with the cure complete4 ,i take pleasure in certifying to the good work you are doing4 ,with the best of feeling toward the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,i am1 ,yours truly1 ,,don ,,parker1 ,p4,o4 ,box #aee1 ,oakfield1 ,genesee ,co41 ,n4,t4 ,,hydrocele ,,with ,,varicocele4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,huntington1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,about five years ago1 having been a patient at1 the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and undergone a painless operation for the cure of hydrocele and varicocele--which was performed to my entire satisfaction4 ,i desire to express my thanks to the ,medical ,stuff for their skillful treatment of my case4 ,two weeks from the time of the operation ,i returned home1 radically and permanently cured4 ,i recommend all similarly afflicted to consult the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,yours truly1 ,,daniel ,,huntington1 ,huron1 ,beadle ,co41 ,so4 ,dak4 ,,twenty-,,two ,,years' ,,standing--,,unsuccessfully ,,treated ,,by ,,others4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,l4 ,waters1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i wish to acknowledge that you have cured me of the worst case that ever came within my knowledge1 it having afflicted me twenty-two years4 ,after ,i had suffered much from other surgeons without any cure being effected1 and with only relief for a short time1 you performed a not only painless but very scientific operation1 and with medicine completed the cure4 ,it is now five years since you treated me and no symptoms of the disease have shown themselves4 ,i will also add that while with you at the ,invalids' ,hotel ,i received the best of care and attention from the well trained nurses in your employ1 for all of which ,i feel grateful4 ,with respect and best wishes1 ,,edwin ,l4 ,,waters1 ,athol ,centre1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,urinary ,,organs3 ,,their ,,anatomy1 ,,physiology ,,and ,,pathology4 ,by reference to ,fig4 #a the reader will get a good understanding of the relative positions of the kidneys1 bladder1 and adjacent organs4 ,,the ,,kidneys4 ,it is hardly necessary to discuss the minute structure of these organs in a book intended for the non-professional reader4 ,the function of the kidneys is to remove certain waste materials from the blood4 ,as fast as excreted by the kidneys1 the urine passes through the ureters1 of which there are two1--one leading from each kidney1 into the bladder4 ,the ureters are lined with a continuation of the mucous membrane1 reflected from the bladder upwards1 and this lining also extends to the cavities of the kidneys4 ,calculi or gravel1 and stones1 forming1 as they sometimes do1 in the kidneys1 and passing down through these delicate and sensitive canals1 cause excruciating pain4 ,the symptoms of renal calculi passing from a kidney to the bladder are1 as already indicated1 severe cutting pain in the loins1 and along the ureter1 attended with considerable fever4 ,a very rough stone1 such1 for instance1 as a mulberry calculus1 passes with considerable difficulty1 and the patient is often suddenly seized with excruciating agony in the loins and in the groin1 the pain also shooting down into the testicle of the corresponding side1 often causing it to retract4 ,there is usually1 also1 sympathetic pain shooting down the thigh4 ,we have seen patients roll on the floor in the greatest agony1 cold sweat meanwhile pouring down their faces1 when thus suffering4 ,the patient may also vomit violently1 through nervous sympathy4 ,the urine is apt to be bloody1 and there is a constant desire to pass it4 ,there is pain in the end of the penis1 and also in the lower portion of the abdomen4 ,,the ,,bladder4 ,this is a sac1 or reservoir1 to receive and hold the urine as it comes from the kidneys through the ureters4 ,its walls are partly composed of muscle1 and partly of a lining mucous membrane4 ,the muscular coating is external1 and it is by its contraction that the urine is expelled4 ,when empty1 the bladder shrinks down to a small size1 as compared with its distended condition4 ,when filled1 it is capable of holding about one pint4 ,if it is distended by the retention of urine much beyond this capacity1 the muscular coats lose their force1 and often the urine cannot be passed naturally4 ,in health1 when the bladder becomes filled and distended1 there is a consequent desire to empty it by passing water4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,the voiding of the urine should not be attended with the slightest pain or disagreeable sensations1 and the desire to pass it should not be frequent4 ,when there is frequent desire to pass it1 or when its passage is attended with pain1 there is irritation1 or inflammation1 in the coats of the bladder1 or in the urethra4 ,this may arise from an excessively acid or irritating condition of the urine1 as well as from various other causes4 ,gonorrhea1 or clap2 stricture of the urethra1 which impedes the free flow of the urine2 enlargement or inflammation of the prostate gland2 gravel1 and stone in the bladder1 are all capable of creating a frequent desire to pass water4 ,whatever the unhealthy condition may be which gives rise to this troublesome symptom1 it calls for prompt and skillful treatment1 for the most trivial affections of these organs often pass into those that are exceedingly intractable1 if not incurable4 ,,the ,,examination ,,of ,,the ,,urine4 ,the urine itself1 when subjected to microscopical or chemical examination1 as we shall hereafter more fully explain1 offers the best means of determining the exact nature of these distressing affections4 ,when normal1 the urine is of a pale straw-color1 and throws down no deposits on cooling4 ,in passing it no difficulty or pain should be experienced1 and it should spurt from the urethra in a full1 round1 and regular stream1 until the bladder is entirely emptied4 ,if the stream is forked1 checked1 or interrupted in any way before the bladder is completely emptied1 it is evidence that something is wrong4 ,stricture of the urethra1 prostatic disease1 and gravel1 or stone in the bladder1 are all capable of producing obstruction to the free flow of the urine4 ,,how ,,slight ,,ailments ,,become ,,dangerous ,,diseases4 ,as we have before stated1 the mucous membrane lining the bladder is reflected upwards into the ureters1 lining these canals4 ,by reason of this continuity of mucous surfaces1 patients suffering from urethral1 prostatic1 and bladder affections1 often die from disease of the kidneys4 ,it must not be supposed that because stricture of the urethra does not co-exist with ,brights disease1 that the latter may not have been caused by the obstruction in the urethra due to stricture4 ,pulmonary consumption1 for instance1 often begins in the form of nasal catarrh1 but1 by the continuity of the mucous membrane1 it travels1 so to speak1 into the throat1 or pharnyx2 from the pharnyx into the larnyx1 and then into the lung structure itself4 ,the disease is transferred from the nose into the lung tissue4 ,what occurs in the nasal1 laryngeal1 and pulmonary tract of mucous membrane1 happens1 also1 in the urinary tract4 ,a gonorrhea1 which is a specific acute inflammation of the urethral canal1 leaves behind it a slight gleet1 or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra4 ,this may give little inconvenience for a number of years1 but gradually it culminates in a stricture1 or1 implicating the prostatic portion of the urethra1 occasions inflammation of the prostate gland1 and1 perhaps1 enlargement of this organ4 ,this gradually gives rise to cystitis1 or inflammation of the bladder4 ,from the bladder1 the disease travels up the ureters into the kidneys1 and finally ,brights disease is established in these organs4 ,the mucous membrane lining the bladder also extends through the urethra4 ,throughout the interior of the body1 whether it be in the stomach1 lungs1 or other parts1 this lining mucous membrane serves as a protection to the parts beneath1 just as the skin on the exterior of the body serves as a protection to the sensitive true skin and the tissues underneath it4 ,,the ,,cause ,,of ,,certain ,,distressing ,,symptoms4 ,close to the neck of the bladder is a triangular space1 on which the mucous membrane is smoother1 and devoid of folds1 or rugae1 and which is far more sensitive and vascular than other portions of the mucous membrane lining this organ4 ,it is called the trigone vesical4 ,this trigone is the most depending part of the bladder4 ,if there be stone in the bladder1 it naturally gravitates and rests on this sensitive space1 so that1 when the bladder is empty1 the foreign body occasions inconvenience1 until the urine1 trickling down through the ureters1 and intervening between the mucous membrane and the stone1 serves as a temporary protection to the mucous surface4 ,hence the pain becomes less as the urine is secreted1 until the water is again passed1 and the intervening fluid thereby removed1 when the stone again presses upon1 and irritates1 the sensitive trigone1 by coming into more immediate contact with it4 ,the greater ease with patients afflicted with stone experience in a recumbent position in bed1 or on a sofa1 compared with being in an erect posture1 is easily explained4 ,the foreign body1 when the patient is standing1 walking1 or riding1 falls by its own gravity on this sensitive spot2 when in a recumbent position1 it rolls away from this sensitive trigone into the back part of the bladder1 where the mucous membrane is less sensitive2 consequently1 the patient suffering from stone in the bladder is more easy at night1 whereas1 one suffering from prostatic disease1 whether it be inflammation of the prostate gland1 or enlargement of that organ1 is usually worse in bed4 ,,how ,,bladder ,,diseases ,,come ,,to ,,be ,,confounded ,,with ,,other ,,diseases4 ,the bladder is largely supplied with blood-vessels1 lymphatics1 and nerves1 given off from the same systems that supply the rectum or lower bowel1 and in females the uterus or womb1 and the ovaries4 ,this accounts1 in a great measure1 for the symptoms of bladder disease in those afflicted with piles1 or other diseases of the lower bowel1 or of diseases of the uterus or womb in the female4 ,we have frequently been consulted by patients who had erroneously supposed themselves to be suffering from disease of the bladder1 or of the prostate gland1 but whom we found1 on examination1 to be suffering from hemorrhoids1 or piles4 ,in these cases1 by removal of the pile tumors1 the frequent desire to urinate1 and all pain in the region of the bladder1 are promptly relieved4 ,sometimes1 ulcers located in the rectum1 give very little unpleasant sensation in the bowel1 but produce pain in the bladder1 with frequent desire to urinate4 ,enlargement of the uterus1 the womb1 or displacements of that organ1 as prolapsus1 or anteversion1 and all capable of producing symptoms of bladder disease4 ,a frequent desire to urinate and more or less sharp pain in the region of the bladder are usually experienced in these cases4 ,disease of the bladder1 in like manner1 often produces an apparent disease of other organs through sympathy1 and without great care in diagnosticating each case1 the effect may be taken for the cause1 and the patient treated for a disease which does not really exist4 ,,the ,,urethra4 ,the urethra1 in the male1 is the canal extending from the bladder to the end of the penis1 through which the urine is passed4 ,this canal starts from the base of the bladder1 passes through the prostate gland1 and1 entering the penis1 continues of about uniform size along the under part of the penis until it reaches the glans1 or head of that organ1 where it expands somewhat into a bulb-like fossa1 or cavity1 and becomes reduced again at the orifice4 ,at a short distance from the bladder it receives the outlets of the seminal ducts4 ,the urethra is a most delicate and sensitive canal1 and is surrounded by tissues of like delicacy1 and is lined with a mucous membrane which is highly vascular1 and filled with sensitive nerves4 ,the introduction of any instrument into this canal is to be undertaken only when absolutely required1 and when necessary4 ,it should be so skillfully and carefully effected that no pain or irritation can result4 ,the slightest awkwardness is liable to cause an unnoticeable injury1 which may result in a false passage1 or an effusion of plastic lymph around the canal1 which1 organizing1 forms the most troublesome kind of organic structure4 ,by proper and early treatment all danger and pain is avoided1 and a cure effected in a very short time4 ,in an extensive practice1 in which we yearly treat thousands of cases1 we have never yet failed to give perfect and permanent relief from stricture1 or disease of the prostrate gland1 without the necessity of using cutting instruments of any kind1 when we have been consulted before injury to the urethra has been produced by the improper use of instruments4 ,having specialists who devote their entire time and attention to the study of these diseases1 we are able to relieve and cure a large number painlessly and speedily1 in which the awkward manipulations of physicians or surgeons1 whose hands1 untrained by constant and skillful use1 not only fail to effect any benefit1 but set up new1 or aggravate existing1 disease4 ,this subject will receive a more full and complete consideration in another part of this treatise4 ,,the ,,prostate ,,gland4 ,the prostate is a gland of about the size and shape of a large chestnut1 lying just in front of the bladder1 and surrounding the urethra4 ,the size of the prostate gland varies considerably with the age of the person4 ,in early life it weighs but a few grains4 ,as puberty approaches it becomes larger1 and in the adult weighs from half an ounce to an ounce4 ,in old age it enlarges considerably1 and sometimes presses upon the bladder so as to impede the flow of urine4 ,this condition is often confounded with stricture1 gravel1 or stone in the bladder1 by inexperienced physicians4 ,hypertrophy1 or enlargement of the prostate gland1 is not an unfrequent disease in the adult or middle-aged man4 ,being in close contact with the bladder1 when it enlarges it encroaches on the bladder1 pressing on it1 and it has the effect of interfering with the function of urination4 ,as before indicated1 enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland1 is often confounded with stricture1 gravel1 and stone in the bladder1 by inexperienced physicians1 and treated accordingly4 ,the true condition of this gland is readily determined by an examination through the rectum or lower bowel1 the finger of the expert surgeon being able to determine at once whether it is enlarged or not4 ,,the ,,danger ,,of ,,bad ,,treatment4 ,in disease of the prostate gland1 as well as in inflammation of the kidneys and bladder1 stricture of the urethra1 and many other forms of urinary disease1 the use of stimulating diuretics1 and the much-advertised kidney cures1 buchus1 and similar preparations1 which largely increase the flow of urine1 simply aggravate1 and do positive harm4 ,in fact1 the most difficult cases that we have had to deal with have been those that1 through such treatment1 either taken on their own account or prescribed by inexperienced physicians1 have been rendered so much worse as to make their cases very intractable1 and tedious to relieve and cure4 ,,require ,,nicely ,,adapted ,,treatment4 ,as we have heretofore indicated1 there is no class of diseases that require nicer adaptation of medicines to each individual case1 than those of the urinary organs4 ,medicines which1 in one stage of these diseases are beneficial and curative1 in another stage are often exceedingly injurious4 ,hence it is that we claim it to be impossible for any one to put up any set prescription1 or proprietary medicine1 that will meet the wants of a large percentage of this class of cases4 ,the only rational course to be pursued is to examine carefully each case as it is presented2 find out the exact condition and stage of the disease with which the patient is afflicted1 and then prescribe for it such special medicines as are nicely and exactly adapted to the patient's condition4 ,these1 in many cases1 will have to be changed from time to time1 to suit the ever-changing condition of the disease1 as it is modified by the treatment4 ,not only have the manufacturers of buchus1 kidney cures1 etc41 committed grave errors by prescribing stimulating diuretics for almost all kidney and bladder diseases1 under the impression that1 as the patient passes only a small quantity of urine at a time1 the kidneys should be stimulated to secrete more1 but physicians in general practice have been very prone to commit the same error in their practices4 ,when the bladder and kidneys are in a weak and diseased condition1 incapable of efficient action1 the bladder being already unable to dispose of the diminished quantity of urine secreted1 it is simply outrageous practice to administer medicines calculated to stimulate the kidneys to perform more work4 ,by being thus forced1 these organs become seriously diseased4 ,it would appear most unreasonable to whip and spur a horse already jaded from overwork4 ,common sense would dictate rest1 which always does good2 but1 as the bladder is weak1 the doctor whips up the kidneys with drugs1 thus endeavoring to force them to secrete more urine1 and thereby the poor1 crippled bladder1 which is incapable of disposing of even the diminished quantity secreted1 is actually made to do more work in a diseased and feeble condition1 than it would perform in a sound1 strong1 and healthy state4 ,the results of this pernicious practice are ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 cystitis or inflammation of the bladder1 and numerous other grave maladies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,diseases of the kidneys are generally very slow in their inception1 coming on gradually and manifesting no special symptoms of their presence until they have assumed a formidable character4 ,for this reason they are the more dangerous4 ,simple derangement of the urinary secretion is no evidence of disease of these organs1 as changes in the color1 quantity and specific gravity of the urine are often produced by changes of temperature1 active or sedentary habits1 mental emotion1 and sometimes by articles of diet1 or drink1 as well as by the use of different drugs4 ,the existence of disease of the kidneys in the early stages can only be positively determined by a microscopical and chemical examination of the urine1 which reveals to us the presence of casts1 epithelia1 blood1 pus1 etc4 ,the microscope informs us not only of the presence of disease1 but very often of the particular portion of the kidney in which it is located1 as well as of the stage which the disease has reached4 ,we are also aided by chemistry in determining the exact abnormal condition of the kidneys by the detection of albumen1 sugar1 etc4 ,these examinations1 by aid of the microscope and chemical re-agents1 should never be neglected by the physician4 ,without them his diagnosis1 or judgment of the patient's condition1 is simply guess-work4 ,with them he is enabled to base his treatment upon certain and positive knowledge of the patient's real and true condition4 ,the usual symptoms of chronic disease of the kidneys1 but which vary materially with the age1 constitutional peculiarities and temperament1 are weakness in the small of the back1 pains in the region of the loins and groins1 numbness of the thigh on the side of the affected kidney 7for often only one organ is affected71 high-colored and often scalding urine1 many times depositing a sediment1 sometimes white or milky urine1 bloody urine1 frequent desire to pass the urine1 partial impotency1 pains in the testicles and shooting into the loins1 suppression or inability to pass the urine1 gravel1 stone in the bladder1 dropsical swellings1 swelling of the testicles1 irritability and pain in the bladder1 mucous and sometimes seminal discharges oozing from the urethra4 ,,when ,,the ,,bladder ,,is ,,affected the prominent symptoms usually complained of are irritability of the bladder1 accompanied by a frequent desire to urinate1 inability to retain more than a small quantity of urine1 and this for a short time only1 pain in the region of the bladder1 extending into the back1 thighs1 etc41 hot scalding sensations in passing the urine1 sediment in the urine1 and sometimes bloody urine4 ,the appetite is usually diminished1 there is a depression of spirits1 the urine is often passed only by drops1 and is irregular in quantity and quality1 frequent inability to pass the urine at all1 in males partial impotency1 with dull disagreeable pain in the testicles and irritation of the urethra1 attended with mucous and sometimes seminal discharges oozing from the urethra4 ,some of these symptoms may be present as the result of functional or organic disease of other organs than the kidneys or bladder1 and to distinguish them with positive certainty is impossible without the aid of a microscopical and chemical examination of the urine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bright',s ,,disease4 ,this affection may appear in either an acute or chronic form4 ,the acute form is frequently a complication1 or sequel of scarlet fever1 diphtheria1 cholera1 typhoid fever1 erysipelas or measles1 and is frequently developed by intemperance4 ,the acute form of the disease is very rapid in its progress1 often destroying life by uraemic poisoning--the retention of urea in the system4 ,the symptoms of the acute form are diminution or suppression of urine1 dry skin1 chills1 thirst1 pains in the loins1 and a general dropsical1 puffy condition of the system1 especially manifesting itself in the earlier stages under the eyes1 but gradually showing itself in the oedema1 or swelling of the feet1 and lower extremities generally4 ,unless promptly relieved1 the patient dies of coma 7stupor71 or from convulsions4 ,no person should be so rash as to attempt the treatment of this dangerous affection without the aid of the best medical skill that can be procured4 ,,it ,,is ,,the ,,chronic ,,form ,,of ,,bright',s ,,disease that we propose principally to discuss in this article4 ,true ,bright's disease of the kidneys is an insidious and most fatal form of organic disease4 ,we venture to assert that less than one per cent4 of those who imagine they have ,bright's1 have this disease at all4 ,we find that most of those who1 as one of our ,faculty puts it1 insist upon having ,bright's disease1 base their diagnosis upon the ever-changing condition of the urinary secretion1 and especially upon the copiousness of the deposit2 whereas1 in true ,bright's1 deposits of any kind are rarely met with4 ,perhaps the form of deposit most commonly mistaken for ,bright's disease1 is that known to medical men as the urates4 ,when the urates are in excess they form a heavy pinkish deposit of a flocculent nature within from five to thirty minutes after the urine has been passed--that is1 after it has been passed sufficiently long to cool4 ,to prove that the deposit is urates1 heat the specimen to the temperature of the blood1 when the deposit in question will disappear4 ,excess of urates has now been definitely traced1 in the majority of instances1 to functional torpidity of the liver4 ,another common form of deposit is that in which the reaction of the urine1 instead of being acid1 as in health1 is either neutral or alkaline1 and in which the earthy phosphates are precipitated for this reason4 ,the earthy phosphates1 when thrown down by a neutral or an alkaline condition of the urine1 appear as a heavy white deposit1 which1 though usually devoid of clinical significance1 is certainly calculated to frighten timid patients who read of the terrible ravages of ,bright's in the advertisements of various popular kidney cures4 ,to prove that the precipitate is phosphatic in its nature1 add a few drops of vinegar and it will disappear2 whilst1 if1 after the vinegar has been added1 the specimen be brought to the boiling point1 not only both the urates and phosphates remain in solution1 but there is only one single substance known to pathological chemistry that can form a deposit under these conditions--and that substance is albumen1 which1 if present in quantity1 is always indicative of serious disease4 ,the papers are filled with the plausible but unwarranted statements of the manufacturers of various kidney cures1 who anxiously desire that every one should be impressed with the idea that all their troubles arise from kidney disease in order to sell large quantities of their medicines4 ,in many cases the unfortunate patient is rendered much worse by the use of remedies that are not suited to his condition1 and which will not cure the real trouble with which he is affected4 ,daily we are consulted by persons in whose cases these errors have been made4 ,in reality1 true ,bright's disease is not a common affection1 and nine out often individuals who think that they suffer from it1 or the early stages of the trouble1 in fact have something more curable4 ,in some cases it is an affection of the liver1 which forces an excretion of unnatural salts by the kidneys1 and thus renders the urine acrid and irritating1 or they may be suffering from some other disease1 such as a deformity or enlargement of certain glands1 as the prostate2 unnatural position of the organs1 as with women who suffer from weakness1 the uterus pressing forward on the bladder and urethra1 and thus showing every evidence of disease in the urinary canal4 ,it is as common for persons to suffer from deformity of the urinary canal as from misshapen limbs1 or from noses and ears not of proper size and proportion4 ,the urinary canal1 from the bladder outward1 is narrow and delicate4 ,any disease or injury therein is liable to result in gradual contraction1 which may be manifested long years after the cause has been forgotten1 or has disappeared4 ,these affections1 to the inexperienced1 or the physician who is not particularly alert and cautious in his diagnosis1 are liable to cause error1 and he will pronounce a given case ,bright's disease1 when in reality there is some simple cause for the irritation of the urinary canal1 and the pains in the kidneys1 etc41 all of which frequently result from a slight damming up of the flow of water1 and the prevention of free expulsion from the system of the salts of which the body is relieved by the kidneys4 ,they cannot work under pressure4 ,when1 from any cause1 the flow of water is checked1 and1 as it were1 dammed up so that a slight pressure is put upon the kidneys below1 their secretion is most materially interfered with1 and the many trains of symptoms that usher in disease of the kidneys1 appear4 ,the true1 and only sure way to relieve these conditions1 as can be understood by any one1 is to remove the real cause4 ,the use of any medicine that stimulates the kidneys to an irritable action1 under such pressure1 is to be avoided1 as it only makes the trouble worse1 increases the amount of water that is dammed up1 and results in more serious manifestations of constitutional disease2 whereas1 by merely relieving the choked outlet1 the flow of water becomes free1 and the kidneys are speedily restored to their natural condition4 ,this is well illustrated by the following3 ,case #aac1cif4 ,as recorded at the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,l4,c4,k41 farmer1 age #da1 married4 ,for a period of nearly ten years1 as a result of slight injury1 he had suffered from cloudy and unhealthy-looking water1 with some burning on passing it2 frequent calls to urinate2 swelling of the limbs1 loss of energy and strength2 headache1 etc42 gradually there appeared severe pain in the back1 at times recurring with a sense of fullness in the abdomen4 ,for a period of nearly eight years he had been constantly treated by physicians at his home1 all of whom had investigated his case4 ,he had made several long journeys to consult the manufacturers of a much-advertised kidney cure1 who1 after pretending to examine his urine1 scientifically 7none of the proprietors are physicians71 assured him that1 without the shadow of a doubt1 his disease was ,bright's1 and that he might be cured by their kidney cure1 which was for sale at all drug stores4 ,for a period of eighteen months he steadily took this cure1 which1 he states1 he is sure aggravated his disease1 as1 although his sufferings at times were less1 he felt that he was not improving in the least1 and that his disorder was not being properly controlled4 ,his home physician went with him on several occasions1 consulted with the owner of the proprietary medicine1 and was equally mistaken in his diagnosis4 ,after consulting many doctors1 all of whom assured him they could give him treatment that would prolong his life somewhat1 and make his condition comfortable1 but that no treatment would affect his cure1 he was induced1 by reading our article1 heretofore referred to1 to consult us4 ,a very thorough examination of the case was made1 which resulted in finding two contractions of the urethra1 which admitted only the smallest sized probe1 and which1 necessarily1 prevented the free flow of the urine4 ,these were speedily removed1 when1 much to the surprise of his family physician1 who accompanied him1 over thirty-seven ounces of fluid were drawn from the bladder4 ,this gave him immediate and perfect relief4 ,the pains and aches in the region of the kidneys1 the weakness and tenderness1 and the many other uncomfortable symptoms with which he was troubled1 all disappeared4 ,from a feeble and irritable invalid1 in a few weeks he was converted into a happy and cheerful man4 ,the symptoms of congestion and irritability of the kidneys gradually disappeared1 and in thirty days after visiting us he writes that he feels himself entirely sound and well4 ,this gentleman states that he will be pleased to correspond with any one who wishes to learn the particulars of his case1 and his full name and address will be furnished to any inquirer4 ,bright's disease when fully established is characterized by degeneration of the kidneys4 ,submitted to examination1 after death by this disease1 these organs present various appearances4 ,hence1 the degeneration that characterizes the disease has been designated as waxy degeneration4 ,some pathologists contend that the disease consists of several different renal maladies1 all of which1 however1 agree in the one ever-present symptom of a more or less albuminous condition of the urine4 ,as to the causes of kidney disease1 it may be said that any thing which will give rise to a greater or less degree of congestion of the kidney will induce either a temporary albuminous condition of the urine1 or a true ,bright's disease of the kidneys4 ,suppression of perspiration1 by exposure to cold and wet1 want of cleanliness1 deficiency of nutritious diet1 liver disease1 certain poisons in the system1 as of scarlet fever1 measles1 erysipelas or diphtheria1 taken in conjunction with sedentary habits1 bad air1 excessive mental labor or worry1 may each occasion an albuminous urine1 and finally result in ,bright's disease1 but of all causes that appear to produce this disease1 none are so prolific as intemperance4 ,a scrofulous diathesis1 or habit of body1 may strongly predispose to the disease1 and chronic kidney disease frequently follows acute rheumatism and the practice of masturbation4 ,in some instances the chronic form of ,bright's disease follows an acute attack1 but is more often developed slowly and insidiously without any known cause4 ,,the ,,symptoms of this fatal malady generally appear so gradually that they excite but little or no concern until it has reached its more advanced and dangerous stages4 ,frequently1 a puffy1 watery or flabby condition of the face1 particularly under the eyes1 is the first symptom noticed1 and the patient may observe that his urine is diminished in quantity4 ,the urine is sometimes abundant1 but generally more scanty than in health1 is acid in its reaction1 and generally of a low specific gravity4 ,the countenance is generally somewhat pale and bloodless1 which1 taken with the dropsical condition of the system1 and the constant albuminous condition of the urine1 points the expert specialist to ,bright's disease of the kidneys4 ,various circumstances and conditions may give rise to the temporary presence of albumen in the urine1 and1 although albumen may be temporarily absent from the urine even when ,bright's disease exists1 yet this is not common4 ,there are certain indirect symptoms which point clearly and almost unmistakably to the presence of this disease4 ,these are deep-seated pain or weakness in the back1 gradual loss of flesh1 red1 brown1 or dingy urine1 more or less drowsiness1 and as the disease advances1 a smothering sensation1 or difficulty in breathing1 with dropsical puffiness or swelling4 ,occasional attacks of nausea and vomiting are common2 pains in the limbs and loins1 which are often mistaken for rheumatism4 ,irregularity of the bowels is also common4 ,the skin becomes harsh and dry1 not perspiring even under active exercise4 ,sometimes these symptoms are years in their development1 being very obscure at first1 and in some cases the disease has been known to prove fatal without the patient having experienced any extraordinary symptoms4 ,with those whose systems are enfeebled by want1 intemperance1 exposures or disease1 as scrofula or syphilis1 the first symptoms usually observed will be a frequent desire to urinate1 occasional attacks of diarrhea1 flatulency1 dropsical swelling of the face1 especially under the eyes1 and afterwards of the extremities1 paleness and increasing debility4 ,stupor1 apoplexy and convulsions are the forerunners of a fatal termination4 ,microscopical and chemical examinations of the urine are the only reliable means of diagnosis1 and should be often repeated4 7,see ,urinary ,signs1 in ,appendix47 ,as albumen is often present in the urine without the existence of ,bright's disease1 it is impossible1 except by the aid of the microscope1 to distinguish true ,bright's from other affections of the kidneys4 ,in both purulent urine1 and that containing blood1 albumen will be found by the usual tests1 but in smaller quantity than in ,bright's disease4 ,albumen1 with disintegrated epithelia1 hyaline1 and large granular casts1 as well as waxy casts1 are peculiar to1 and characteristic of1 this disease4 ,in the treatment of this malady1 our specialist's experience has been very great1 and attended with marvelous success4 ,of course1 after the substance of the kidney has degenerated and broken down1 and become destroyed to any great extent1 a cure is impossible4 ,but that we now possess remedies of great value1 and specific power over this terrible disease1 we have the most positive evidence in the remarkable success attended in its treatment4 ,most cases that are curable can be managed successfully at a distance1 the necessary medicines being sent either by mail or express4 ,our specialists have cured many in this way who were so bloated from dropsical effusion as to weigh twenty-five to forty pounds more than usual4 ,in our ,sanitarium1 where we have had the advantage of our ,turkish baths and other appliances1 we have cured some cases in which the removal of the dropsical effusion reduced the patient's weight sixty pounds4 ,we cannot1 ,in conclusion1 too strongly condemn the general resort to strong diuretics so often prescribed by physicians for all forms of renal maladies1 but which1 by over-stimulating the already weak and delicate kidneys1 only aggravate and render incurable thousands of cases annually4 ,not less harmful are the many advertised kidney cures1 kidney remedies1 buchus1 and kindred preparations4 ,they all contain powerful1 stimulating diuretics1 and1 while they may appear for a short time to do good1 invariably render the case worse and far more difficult to cure4 ,the cases of ,bright's disease reported cured by these preparations are cases of far less dangerous maladies1 made to appear1 by exaggerated accounts of them1 as true ,bright's disease4 ,the use of these general1 ready-made or proprietary remedies in any case of true ,bright's disease is hazardous in the extreme4 ,in no disease is there greater necessity for treatment nicely adapted to the exact condition of the patient 7which should always be carefully ascertained by microscopical and chemical examinations of the urine7 than in this4 ,as it is a disease that runs a slow course1 there is always time to send samples of the urine for examination by expert specialists1 and no other physician than a specialist of large experience should be entrusted with the treatment of a malady so dangerous in its character1 and in the diagnosis and treatment of which general practitioners commit such frequent1 and often fatal1 errors4 7,,see ,,testimonials47 ,,diabetes4 7,,polyuria ,,and ,,glycosuria47 ,there are two essentially different varieties of this disease1 one of which is called ,diabetes ,insipidus1 or ,polyuria1 and the other ,diabetes ,mellitus1 or ,glycosuria4 ,the first is characterized by an increase in the amount of urine excreted1 and yields readily to proper treatment4 ,the second is characterized by the presence of sugar in the urine1 and under ordinary treatment often proves fatal4 ,the causes are obscure1 and are therefore not very well understood by the profession4 ,,symptoms4 ,a notable increase of the quantity of urine excreted is the first symptom which attracts the patient's attention4 ,frequently1 several quarts1 or even gallons1 of urine are daily excreted1 and it is paler than natural4 ,the patient experiences extraordinary thirst1 and has an almost insatiable appetite1 though at the same time he loses flesh and strength4 ,the tongue may be either clammy and furred or unnaturally clean and red4 ,the bowels become constipated1 and a peculiar odor is observed in the patient's breath and exhales from his body4 ,the skin becomes harsh1 dry1 and scurfy4 ,there are dizziness1 headache1 dejection1 lassitude1 and not unfrequently blindness1 caused by cataract1 is developed in one or both eyes4 ,the intellect is blunted1 and1 as the disease progresses1 the emaciation and debility increase1 and pulmonary diseases develop2 or1 perhaps1 an uncontrollable diarrhea sets in1 and the patient dies from exhaustion4 ,in this disease1 as in ,bright's1 we have many medicines that produce specific curative effects1 enabling our specialists to treat it with greatly increased success4 ,the disease is readily diagnosticated1 or determined1 by chemical examination of the urine1 so that we have been enabled to treat this class of cases very successfully at a distance1 and without personal examinations4 ,great attention should be paid to the diet in these cases4 ,it should be highly nutritious1 but anything of a sweet or starchy nature must be avoided4 ,the following articles are wholesome and afford sufficient variety1 viz43 of animal food--beefsteak1 game1 poultry1 fish1 eggs1 cheese1 cream1 butter2 of vegetables--spinach1 dandelion greens1 turnip tops1 watercresses1 lettuce1 celery1 and radishes2 of drinks--tea1 coffee1 claret1 water1 brandy and water1 beef-tea1 mutton-broth1 or water acidulated with tartaric1 nitric1 citric1 muriatic1 or phosphoric acid4 ,the forbidden articles are oysters1 crabs1 lobsters1 sugar1 wheat1 rye1 corn or oatmeal cakes1 rice1 potatoes1 carrots1 bests1 peas1 beans1 pastry1 puddings1 sweetened custards1 apples1 pears1 peaches1 strawberries1 currants1 etc41 also beer1 sweet wines1 port1 rum1 gin1 and cider4 7,,see ,,testimonials47 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bladder4 7,,chronic ,,cystitis47 ,this affection1 also called catarrh of the bladder1 is an inflammation of the mucous lining of this organ4 ,it may occur at any period of life1 but it oftenest appears in the aged1 and is usually associated with some obstruction to the flow of urine4 ,,causes4 ,it may be due to colds1 injuries1 irritating diuretics1 injections1 extension of disease from the kidneys or adjacent organs1 intemperance1 severe horseback riding1 recession of cutaneous affections1 gout1 rheumatism1 etc42 but it more frequently results from stricture of the urethra1 enlarged prostate gland1 gravel1 and gonorrhea4 ,it is also caused by an habitual retention of the urine1 and sometimes results from masturbation or self-abuse4 ,,symptoms4 ,there is an uneasy sensation in the bladder1 and heaviness and sometimes pain and weakness in the back and loins4 ,the urine is scanty1 and1 although there is a desire to void it frequently1 it is passed with difficulty4 ,if allowed to stand1 it deposits more or less mucus1 which is sometimes mistaken for semen4 ,as the disease progresses1 the quantity of the mucus increases4 ,it is very viscid1 and adheres to the sides of the vessels1 so that if an attempt be made to pour it out1 it forms long1 tenacious1 ropy threads4 ,sometimes the quantity of mucus is so great that on exposure to cold the whole mass becomes semi-solid1 and resembles the white of an egg4 ,the excreted urine is alkaline1 acrid1 exhales a strong odor of ammonia1 and soon becomes exceedingly fetid4 ,sometimes the urine becomes so thick that great difficulty is experienced in expelling it from the bladder4 ,nocturnal emissions1 impotency1 and loss of sexual desire are apt to ensue4 ,occasionally there will be a spasmodic contraction of the bladder1 with straining and a sensation of scalding in the urethra1 and sometimes the patient is unable to urinate4 ,when ulceration occurs in the progress of the disease1 as it is apt to in its advanced stages1 blood will occasionally be seen in the urine4 ,in the advanced stages of the disease the system becomes greatly debilitated1 emaciation supervenes1 with hectic fever1 nervous irritability and1 finally1 death4 ,,treatment4 ,a strict observance of the rules of hygiene is essential to a cure4 ,we must ascertain the cause if possible1 remove it1 and thus prevent it from perpetuating the disease4 ,the various causes and conditions involved in different cases demand corresponding modifications of treatment2 hence1 it is useless for us to attempt to teach the non-professional how to treat this complex disease4 ,we have succeeded in curing many severe cases without seeing the patient1 being guided in prescribing by indications furnished by microscopical and chemical examinations of the urine4 7,see ,urinary ,signs in ,appendix47 ,in fact1 nearly all cases can be cured at their homes1 and without a personal examination being made4 ,in the worst cases1 we have found it best to have our patients at our institution1 where we can wash out the bladder with soothing1 healing lotions1 and thus make direct applications to the diseased parts4 7,,see ,,testimonials47 ,,gravel4 ,when the solid constituents of the urine are increased to such an extent that they cannot be held in solution1 or when abnormal substances are secreted1 they are precipitated in small crystals1 which1 if minute1 are called gravel4 ,another cause of the precipitation of these salts is a stricture of the urinary canal which1 by interfering with the free expulsion of all the fluid from the bladder1 results in the retention of a portion1 which gradually undergoes decomposition4 ,salts from the urine are thus precipitated in the same way that they are thrown down in urine which is allowed to stand in a vessel4 ,any one can illustrate this1 by allowing a small quantity of the urinary secretion to stand for a few days either in an open or a closed bottle4 ,soon a white1 flaky deposit will be observed1 which will become more and more dense1 and finally fine grains will be seen precipitated at the bottom of the bottle4 ,similar grains1 lodging in the folds of the bladder1 gradually increase in size1 by the precipitation of more salts around them1 and ultimately become a source of much irritation4 ,when of large size1 they are termed calculi or stones4 ,when these formations occur in the kidneys they are termed renal calculi2 when in the bladder1 vesical calculi4 ,there are several varieties of gravel1 each depending upon different conditions of the system for its formation4 ,the two prominent varieties are the red1 containing uric acid1 and the white1 or phosphatic1 gravel4 ,,symptoms4 ,when the deposits are in the kidneys1 there is pain in the back and loins1 occasionally cutting and severe2 sometimes it darts down the course of the ureter to the bladder1 and extends even to the thighs4 ,when the deposits are in the bladder1 there is a frequent desire to urinate1 with a bearing-down1 straining pain2 also a cutting or scratching sensation in the urethra during micturition4 ,in the male1 intense pain is often experienced at the end of the penis4 ,when the urine is voided in a vessel and allowed to settle1 a gravelly deposit is seen1 generally of a red or a white color1 and the particles varying in size4 ,,treatment4 ,these urinary deposits indicate a general derangement of the system1 as well as a local disease4 ,nutrition is imperfect and some of the excretory organs are not properly performing their functions1 or1 perhaps1 some portion of the body is being too rapidly wasted4 ,very frequently we find these gravelly formations as the result of a rheumatic or a gouty diathesis4 ,it is also a well-known fact that torpidity of the liver throws an excessive amount of work on the kidneys4 ,these organs then1 in part1 perform the function of the liver1 and hence unnatural activity is required of them1 and the secreting of such substances as uric acid1 which precipitates readily and gives rise to severe irritation of the urinary canal4 ,in order to treat these cases rationally and successfully1 it is first necessary to ascertain by microscopical and perhaps chemical examinations1 the character of the deposit4 ,by such an examination1 the exact condition of the system which gives rise to these abnormal products may be definitely determined1 and the remedies to be employed indicated4 ,as the non-professional are not qualified to make such examinations1 it would be useless for us to suggest specific treatment for the various forms of this affection4 ,samples of the urine may be sent to us with a brief description of the symptoms experienced1 and the proper medicines to cure can be returned by mail or express4 ,our specialists are treating1 with uniform success1 large numbers of cases in this way4 7,,see ,,testimonials47 ,,stone ,,in ,,the ,,bladder4 ,few affections to which the human flesh is heir are more painful than this terrible affliction4 ,the cutting operation heretofore required to remove it1 is considered one of the most dangerous operations that the surgeon is ever called upon to perform4 ,the death of the ,emperor ,louis ,napoleon1 of ,france1 from an operation for the removal of a stone1 at the hands of surgeons renowned for their skill1 gave new impetus to the efforts of surgeons to invent some method that would be less dangerous than that which has been heretofore commonly employed4 ,the cutting operations have been the rule4 ,of these the operation by median-section is the safest1 and is most commonly employed for the removal of stones that are not too large1 while the lateral operation is used where the stone is more than about one inch in its smallest diameter4 ,as will be seen by the consultation of any hospital record1 the deaths in these various operations have been1 in adults1 from one in three to one in every four cases--a very large percentage1 and sufficient to deter any sufferer from undergoing an operation except for the relief of a condition which is in itself worse than death4 ,even when this alarming death-rate is explained to sufferers1 they willingly undergo the operation1 feeling that they would rather die than longer continue in their pain and anguish4 ,our specialists1 not satisfied with the results of these operative measures1 in their studies of the disease endeavored to perfect some other means by which these foreign bodies could be removed from the bladder without such great danger and pain4 ,the operation by crushing1 and removal without cutting1 appeared to them to present the most practicable advantages1 and they therefore devote their entire time to the improvement of this method for the removal of stone4 ,the method of crushing was first invented by a ,french surgeon many years ago2 but1 owing to his crude instruments1 and the difficulty that was experienced in expelling the pieces of stone1 the operation was seldom employed by surgeons4 ,the improvements in these methods at the hands of ,bigelow and ,sir ,henry ,thompson1 with those that have been made by our specialists1 have resulted in our being able to present to sufferers with this disease1 a means of cure which is1 we are assured1 the most successful known to modern medical science4 ,there have been so far in the history of the treatment of this malady by the new method of cure1 one hundred and twenty-odd cases operated upon at the hands of prominent surgeons1 all of which were with less perfect methods than that of our specialists1 and there were but four deaths in this large number4 ,by the advantages which are the result of further improvements by our specialists1 we can assure you that this mortality is even less in our hands2 in fact1 approaches1 as near as possible1 to a perfect method of cure4 ,we think that in a moderately healthy subject1 one in which the kidneys are not badly diseased as the result of irritation from the calculus1 the operation is almost absolutely safe4 ,the method consists in the crushing of the stone1 and its removal from the bladder by means of small silver catheters attached to an apparatus which gently and perfectly removes1 by suction1 all the pieces which are thrown to the bottom of the bladder4 ,this operation has now been performed in our institution in a very large number of cases with uniform success1 and the cures have been effected in from six to eight weeks without a single unpleasant symptom arising during their progress4 ,by this method it is not necessary to remove the entire calculus at one operation1 if it is a large one4 ,by the old cutting operation this was required1 as the bleeding was great1 and what was to be done had to be done immediately1 or the patient would die from the hemorrhage4 ,with the new method a part of the large calculus1 or when several exist1 one or two of them1 may be removed at a time1 after which the patient can rest and gain strength for the second2 or1 if necessary1 for the third operation4 ,the largest stone removed by us in this way was one weighing between seven and eight hundred grains1 for which three operations were required4 ,it is necessarily performed under a mild ansthetic1 which prevents suffering and secures the perfect relaxation of the patient4 ,in the case in which this large amount of stone was removed we feel certain that a cure could not possibly have resulted from a cutting operation1 as the heart was seriously affected1 and the physical condition of the patient so low1 as the result of years of suffering1 that death would have occurred while undergoing the operation4 ,by carefully pursuing the new method1 and not prolonging the sittings more than a few minutes each time1 the entire stone was evacuated4 ,the health of the patient constantly improved during the interval of three operations1 which covered a space of seven weeks4 ,this stone was as large as a hen's egg4 ,small calculi or gravel are readily removed in a few moments' time by the new method4 ,in no case is there any bleeding4 ,instead of a large1 gaping wound being left after the operation1 from which secondary hemorrhage may take place1 or poisoning result from the irritation of decomposing urine1 the parts are left in a healthy state with the surface unbroken4 ,the stone1 a constant source of irritation1 is removed1 and the health is speedily restored4 ,when it is impossible for the patient to visit us1 a careful examination of the urine is made1 and if gravel have been passed1 these are carefully examined also4 ,an idea of the composition of the stone is arrived at by this means1 and treatment is directed to dissolve it4 ,success has commonly followed this method of treatment1 when the stone has not been very large4 ,with the gradual reduction of the size of the stone the irritation subsides1 and the general health of the patient improves4 7,,see ,,testimonials47 ,,chronic ,,enlargement ,,of ,,the ,,prostate ,,gland4 7,,hypertrophy47 ,the prostate gland lies just in front of the base of the bladder1 and surrounding the urethra1 or urinary canal4 ,enlargement1 therefore1 of this body1 if it be of considerable extent1 causes it to encroach and press upon the base of the bladder1 and to more or less constrict the urinary canal near the base or outlet of the bladder4 ,the enlargement may be only slight1 or the dimensions of the gland may be increased from the size of a large chestnut1 its normal dimension1 to the volume of a pullet's egg1 or even to the size of an orange4 ,hypertrophy of the prostate generally arises from causes which operate in a slow and permanent manner4 ,whatever has a tendency to produce a determination of blood to1 and an engorgement of1 this organ1 is capable of producing the affection1 an augmented flow of blood to the the part having the effect to increase the nutrition4 ,among the most frequent causes of this affection1 are excessive venery1 masturbation1 disease of the bladder1 stricture of the urethra1 horseback exercise1 gonorrhea1 and the employment of strong1 stimulating diuretics4 ,some of the worst cases that we have had to deal with have occurred in old men1 and1 in fact1 the malady is more common to those advanced in life2 but it is frequently produced in those of middle age by the causes enumerated4 ,among the earliest symptoms of the disease is an uneasy feeling in the region of the base of the bladder4 ,there is a more frequent desire to urinate than usual1 and1 in the course of time1 this frequency becomes more urgent2 still no particular notice may be taken of it1 it being considered as only a slight inconvenience4 ,after several months1 or it may be years1 the discomfort increases1 and nightly calls to empty the bladder become habitual4 ,by and by the patient begins to find the discomfort of getting out of his warm bed very troublesome2 still no notice to taken of it4 ,he does not consider it worth his while to consult a doctor for such a trifle4 ,in the course of time the patient is obliged to get out of bed twice during the night instead of once4 ,afterwards1 the calls become still more frequent and urgent2 the inconvenience more evident2 finally1 pain is substituted for inconvenience1 and then the doctor is consulted4 ,unless a specialist of experience be consulted1 the bladder will most probably be examined1 and medicine will be prescribed only to excite the kidneys to secrete more urine1 which does harm instead of good2 the disease slowly1 but surely progressing4 ,patients often write us that they have had something wrong with the bladder for a number of years1 having to urinate more frequently than they ought2 sometimes having to do so three and four times during the night2 in extreme cases even every half hour or so1 and that they are not able to pass it freely1 but only in small quantities1 and attended with much pain4 ,these symptoms are not always constant1 but let up for a few weeks and then appear again4 ,things go on in this way for a year or two1 perhaps1 when the passage of the urine is completely shut off for several hours1 and the patient is in great agony until the bladder is relieved by the use of the catheter4 ,after such instrumental relief1 for a day or two the urine may be natural again1 coming at first1 perhaps1 in very small quantities1 but by and by more freely4 ,then1 after a week or two intervening1 there may be another complete stoppage1 attended1 as before1 with intense suffering1 which will have to be again relieved by the use of an instrument4 ,the foregoing is a fair account of the usual progress of the disease and its symptoms4 ,as the prostate gland becomes more irritated and inflamed from the natural progress of the disease1 or from the irritation caused by the passage of instruments1 or the employment of strong1 harsh1 stimulating diuretics1 the urine becomes cloudy1 and still later is found to have deposited during the night in the chamber utensil a quantity of thick1 tenacious1 and usually offensive mucus4 ,there is apt to be more or less discomfort in the rectum1 or lower bowel1 produced by the pressure of the enlarged prostate upon it4 ,rarely1 the first intimation of a large prostate occurs through a sudden retention of the urine1 and the patient being under the impression that there was nothing wrong with the organ previously4 ,closely questioned1 however1 the information is elicited that there has been a long train of mild symptoms1 similar to those that we have described1 preceding the attack of retention of the urine4 ,this shows the importance of early attention and proper treatment when such symptoms are manifested4 ,however slight the inconvenience experienced1 it should not be neglected4 ,the disease should be brought under control at the outset by skillful and nicely-adapted treatment4 ,usually before a person suffers from toothache1 the decay occasioning it has been gradually progressing without pain for from five to eight years4 ,just as the decay of the tooth may be arrested by the early attention of the dentist1 so may prostatic disease by early attention be not only promptly relieved1 but permanently cured4 ,disease of the prostate being slow in its inception and progress1 is also slow to yield even to the most skillful treatment4 ,being slow to develop1 patients rarely seek assistance until the organ has become so large as to be seldom restorable to a size where mechanical means can be wholly dispensed with for relieving the bladder4 ,most surgeons are too much in the habit of depending on the catheter for the relief of the patient1 and usually instruct the sufferer how to use it1 telling them that this1 the catheter1 is to be their only doctor for life4 ,great as is the relief afforded by the catheter1 which has often saved life1 yet it is a fact that its frequent and prolonged use often renders disease of the prostate very intractable and often wholly incurable4 ,frequent use of the catheter1 without any treatment to prevent the further enlargement of the diseased gland1 or to reduce its size1 permits the part to go on enlarging1 and1 besides1 the constant use of the catheter irritates the prostatic portion of the urethra1 causing thickening of the lining membrane1 and sooner or later a more or less complete organic stricture of this canal1 depending upon thickening of the lining mucous membrane1 as well as upon the encroachment of the gland itself upon this canal4 ,besides1 when the use of the catheter is once commenced1 even when the enlargement is not very great1 it is with the utmost difficulty that we have been able to induce patients to leave off its use4 ,the bladder1 becoming accustomed to its use1 refuses to obey the will without this help4 ,the irritation set up in the parts by the friction of the catheter causes inflammation and exudation in the lining membrane4 ,this extends to the structure of the prostate itself and increases the hypertrophy or enlargement4 ,it will1 therefore1 be seen how important it is to early resort to treatment to relieve the first manifestations of this affection4 ,a disease of so delicate a nature1 and one so often confounded with other maladies by inexperienced physicians1 should only be intrusted for treatment to expert specialists of large experience in the management of this and kindred maladies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,stricture ,,of ,,the ,,urethra4 ,stricture of the urethra generally results from some specific disease of the urethra1 but may be caused by sexual excesses1 exposure1 or strain1 or by the practice of masturbation or self-abuse4 ,it runs a course varying in time from a few days to many weeks or months1 during which time the patient is often unaware of the real cause of his sufferings4 ,commonly1 the attention is first called to a stricture by a slight discharge1 or smarting sensation1 or the appearance of an undue amount of mucous deposit in the urine4 ,occasionally1 some difficulty in starting the water1 or a diminution in the size and force1 or a twisting of the stream as it flows1 is the first symptom4 ,this passive stage is of variable duration4 ,when skillful treatment is instituted at this stage of the disease1 a speedy cure is easily effected without pain or danger4 ,any exposure1 improper use of instruments1 or irritating cause1 may speedily give rise to the alarming symptoms due to closure of the urethra1 from which fatal consequences may suddenly ensue4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,a ,single ,stricture of the ,urethra4 ,this condition is illustrated in ,fig4 #b1 which shows the hard and tough stricture which surrounds the soft mucous membrane that lines the urinary canal4 ,when irritated or inflamed1 as the result of a cold or other cause1 the mucous membrane becomes swollen and thickened1 and1 as the stricture will not yield and enlarge1 the result is that the urethra is almost completely closed1 and it becomes impossible to pass the urine4 ,great pain is experienced1 and the surgeon has to be called to draw off the urine with a catheter1 which1 at best1 is a very difficult and painful operation1 when the urethra is so irritable and constricted4 ,,treatment4 ,in the earlier stages of the malady1 relief is given by the skillful use of instruments for dilating the canal1 or1 where this fails by the operation of urethrotomy1 for which we employ an improved and ingenious instrument1 by which the stricture is readily and almost painlessly divided4 ,,improved ,,methods4 ,our surgeons have operated upon many hundreds of bad cases by a very ingenious and almost painless method1 that requires no use of bougies in the after-treatment4 ,this saves the patient an immense amount of pain and annoyance1 and enables him to go home almost immediately after the operation4 ,the ordinary after-treatment1 by dilatation with bougies1 is very tedious1 and often more painful than the operation itself1 so that our peculiar method of treatment has been hailed with joy by those familiar with the old and unnecessarily-painful systems of treatment4 ,besides1 our more improved method has been followed by far more perfect cures in every case operated upon4 ,in many of the cases coming under our observation and treatment1 there have been several strictures1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #c1 which shows the urethra constricted at three different points1 besides a congenital contraction at its mouth or meatus4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,condition of the ,urethra with three ,strictures and a congenital contraction at the meatus or outlet4 ,,spermatorrhea not infrequently results from stricture of the urethra1 even when the affection is quite slight4 ,our attention was first called to this subject by the consideration of the numerous cases in which epileptic convulsions or fits1 and other serious diseases of the nervous system in children1 have resulted from an unnatural contraction of the prepuce or foreskin1 constituting what is termed phimosis4 ,every surgeon of experience has met with many of these cases of reflex irritation4 ,it occurred to us1 that1 inasmuch as these contractions of the foreskin give rise to nervous diseases of an alarming nature1 may not an unnatural narrowing of the urethral canal1 which must have exactly the same effect in retarding the flow of the urine1 give rise to irritable nervous affections in adults4 ,may not unnatural irritation and excitement of the sexual organs1 so set up1 cause loss of semen to occur during sleep1 and consequent nervous and general debility8 ,it is a well recognized fact that the urethral canal should bear a certain definite and proportionate size to that of the penis1 just as the length of the arm should naturally bear a certain proportion to the length of the body4 ,in the case of some parts of the body1 disproportionate development of the part may not give rise to anything further than unsightliness2 but when we find the small size of the urethra retarding the free passage of the urine1 then we may expect1 if this condition is long continued1 to find more or less irritation of the urethra and1 perhaps1 of the bladder1 also4 ,when there is a contraction of the urethra at its external orifice1 or at any point along its course1 unnatural pressure is put upon the urinary canal behind the constricted portion1 and these parts must bear an undue strain during the passage of the urine4 ,it is a well established fact that improper diet1 cold1 exposure1 and over-work exert a very powerful modifying influence upon the urinary secretion1 frequently causing an acrid and irritating condition of this fluid4 ,this condition1 when associated with a contracted urethra1 must result in irritation of the mucous membrane lining this canal back of the stricture1 if long continued or frequently repeated4 ,as an illustration1 we have a hose pipe from which1 by means of a small nozzle1 water is expelled a considerable distance1 but a great tension is put upon the hose behind the nozzle4 ,if the pressure is increased greatly the hose will burst2 but1 if the small nozzle be replaced with a larger one1 the projection of the stream will be quite as great1 but all undue tension of the pipe is overcome and the danger of bursting is done away with4 ,we have1 in an unnaturally contracted urethra1 a favorable condition for the development of disease in the urinary canal and adjacent parts of the generative organs4 ,irritation is set up in the urethra behind the stricture by undue strain in passing water1 and the frequent reoccurrence of acrid urine1 as the result of any of the causes we have already mentioned1 this irritation keeps gradually increasing4 ,it will be felt more during the periods when the urine is acrid1 but may pass unnoticed even at such times4 ,the seminal sacs and the prostate and ,cowper's glands communicate with the deeper portions of the urethra by means of canals or ducts1 lined with mucous membrane which is continuous with the urethral mucous membrane4 ,hence we can readily see that not only by reflex nervous irritation are those parts debilitated1 through the contraction of the urethra1 but the affection is apt to extend by continuity of the mucous membrane1 and thus become more and more manifest1 through symptoms of disease of the testicles1 prostate gland and seminal vesicles1 and these disorders become more and more seated the longer the morbid condition of the urethra is allowed to run on1 until there may be an entire loss of the sexual functions1 occurring at an age when there should be present the most vigorous manhood4 ,from no other cause can we explain the common prevalence of disease of the deeper portions of the urethral canal and bladder1 many times confounded with other diseases of the urinary and generative organs4 ,the following is the history of a case that fully illustrates the foregoing statements3 ,,case #aab1bhi4 ,,mr4 ,o4,c4,e41 ,,single1 #cb ,,years ,,of ,,age4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,condition of the urethra in ,case #aab1bhi2 permanently cured at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,he applied to us suffering from entire loss of the sexual function1 with great nervous debility1 and there was a thin slimy discharge from the urethra1 and the usual symptoms of melancholia and weakness4 ,he had lost all taste for business1 and was extremely nervous1 from the fact that he was engaged to be married1 and felt that his condition would not permit it4 ,on examination a contraction of the urethra was found at the point shown in ,fig4 #d1 which had probably been present for years4 ,he stated that he never had been just right in those parts1 but had lived a virtuous life1 had never had any venereal disease1 and1 hence1 the true nature of his trouble had not been suspected4 ,with the removal of the stricture there was an immediate improvement in his condition1 which became more and more rapid1 as his system gained strength and reaction became manifest4 ,at the end of two months he wrote that he felt sound and well1 and that he had experienced the most wonderful improvement in every way4 ,his vital strength was fully restored1 and he was most profoundly grateful4 ,chronic inflammation of the bladder1 sometimes called catarrh of the bladder1 an affection that is elsewhere herein fully treated of1 and chronic inflammation of the kidneys1 and true ,bright's disease1 as well as prostatic disease1 are all liable to result from strictures of the urethra4 ,hence1 it behooves one suffering from this malady to have it promptly and skillfully treated4 ,,false ,,passages4 ,in very rare cases of impassable stricture1 or in which fistulous openings1 or false passages1 have formed1 through which the urine flows or dribbles away1 we have resorted to the operation of perineal section with the most gratifying results4 ,the cases requiring this operation are rare ones1 in which death must generally result but for the relief afforded by the operation4 ,,dangerous ,,use ,,of ,,instruments4 ,the worst and most dangerous cases of stricture with which we have met1 in a long and extensive experience1 were rendered thus by the careless or unskillful use of bougies1 catheters1 or sounds4 ,many surgeons and physicians are most recklessly careless or unskilled in the use of these most dangerous instruments1 as the many cases of false passage or stricture of the most painful and dangerous kind1 caused or aggravated by their ignorant or improper use1 sorrowfully testify4 ,,delay ,,dangerous4 ,by proper treatment of stricture in its early stages1 all danger and pain are avoided1 and a cure is effected in a very short time4 ,in an extensive practice1 in which we yearly treat hundreds of cases1 we have never yet failed to give perfect and permanent relief from stricture1 or diseased prostate or urethra1 without the necessity of cutting instruments of any kind1 when we have been consulted before injury of the urethra has been produced by improper use of instruments4 ,having specialists who devote their entire time to the study and cure of these diseases1 we are thereby enabled to attain the highest degree of skill in the management of these cases4 ,,great ,,skill ,,required4 ,the urethra is a sensitive and delicate canal1 and is surrounded by tissues the most delicate1 and lined with mucous membrane which is highly vascular and filled with sensitive nerves4 ,the introduction of any instrument is to be undertaken only when absolutely required1 and1 when necessary1 it should be so skillfully and carefully effected that no pain or irritation can result4 ,the slightest awkwardness is liable to cause an unnoticeable injury1 which results in false passage or an effusion of plastic lymph around the canal1 and as it organizes1 the formation of the most troublesome organic stricture4 ,the attention not only of sufferers1 but also of the profession1 is called to the remarkable success of our operation1 perineal section1 by which a cure of extremely bad cases of impassable stricture and false passages1 or urinary fistulas1 is effected in from thirty to forty days1 and with very little suffering4 ,that we have been successful in such cases must be considered as conclusive evidence that no case of stricture1 false passage1 or urinary fistula1 is beyond the reach of our skill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,in a practice embracing the treatment of a vast number of cases of diseases of the ,urinary ,organs1 it has been our good fortune to effect many remarkable cures4 ,the experience gained in this field of practice has made our specialists skilled experts1 and hence hundreds consult them as a last resort4 ,in fact we seldom get a case1 in this line1 that has not been the rounds of the home physicians before applying to us for relief and cure4 ,the cures1 therefore1 which we shall introduce here are the more remarkable because of the failure1 in nearly every case1 of other medical men to benefit or cure4 ,they are not the every-day1 ordinary cases met with in the general practitioner's rounds1 but complicated1 obstinate ones1 which had generally been given up as hopeless before coming to us4 ,,case #d;,a-#cdca4 ,,wasted ,,to ,a ,,shadow4 ,,bleeding ,,from ,,kidneys4 ,a ,,severe ,,case4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,t4,s4 ,bailey1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i think it my duty to write to you concerning my case4 ,in the year #ahhf ,i was seized with inflammation of the bladder and passed nothing but thick blood1 owing to heavy work1 and ,i consulted a doctor and he said there was no cure for such a bad case2 but he gave me medicine and it relieved me at the time ,i used it2 and ,i took #af bottles and ,i got worse and wasted to a shadow4 ,i quit taking the medicine1 and other complaints came1 as rupture in the spermatic cord1 for which ,i applied to you and soon got relief4 ,and in #ahia the bladder disease made its appearance1 and ,i wrote to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and got no reply as our mails were stopped on account of snow drifts4 ,i sent for the best doctor in ,listowell and ,i still got worse1 and he said ,i might live three or four weeks1 but there was no stoppage of the disease4 ,and ,i got so weak that ,i had to support myself by the furniture in my room2 and ,i wasted down to #ajj lbs4 in two weeks2 and ,i applied to your ,institute and ,i received my medicine in a few days1 and in two weeks ,i began to gather strength and now ,i am hearty and well and my weight is #ade lbs4 ,i feel so thankful to the ,medical ,association and its ,staff of skilled men4 ,it is #ae months since ,i quit taking your medicines and no signs of the disease returning4 ,yours gratefully1 ,,thomas ,s4 ,,bailey1 ,dorking1 ,wellington ,co41 ,ont4 ,,case #bc;,a-#hgg4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bladder1 ,,with ,,other ,,complications4 ,,suffered ,,excruciating ,,pain ,,in ,,urinating4 ,illustration3 ,g4,w4 ,heffner1 ,esq4 ,for many years ,i suffered with inflammation of the ,prostrate ,gland and ,bladder4 ,it became gradually worse and ,i endured extreme pain1 so much so that ,i was laid up for weeks at a time1 and almost gave up in despair4 ,i was persuaded to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,i have never regretted following this advice4 ,while there ,i submitted to an operation by their specialist4 ,this was entirely painless and the result perfectly satisfactory4 ,i left in a short time delighted1 and have since been strong and well4 ,i cannot speak in too high praise of this famous ,institution2 the rooms are large and pleasant1 the food the very best1 the attendants kind and attentive and the staff of physicians skillful and of large experience4 ,i highly recommend all invalids to the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,i feel confident that all the benefit to be derived from medical treatment is to be received at this ,institution4 ,yours truly1 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,heffner1 ,chicago1 ,ills4 ,,case #b;,a-#ajc4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,bladder1 ,,complicated ,,with ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4 ,manheim1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been a patient in your ,invalids' ,hotel for several weeks1 ,i take great pleasure in telling other sufferers of my treatment which ,i received under your efficient staff of physicians1 surgeons and nurses1 and ,i will say with clear conscience that every care and comfort was given me that could be wished for4 ,i am sure that your ,institution is far in advance of the age1 and would wish that every invalid could avail himself of the treatment that ,i received in your most excellently kept ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,i cheerfully give this as my testimonial to individuals1 friends and sufferers4 ,my health is so fully restored that ,i look upon life with pleasure and comfort1 whereas before ,i was a suffering1 nervous invalid1 unable to sleep and much of the time in torment4 ,wishing you success1 ,i am your friend and well wisher1 ,m4 ,,manheim1 ,georgetown1 ,s4,c4 ,,case #hei1adc4 ,,bladder1 ,,rectal1 ,,kidney ,,and ,,liver ,,disease4 ,,entire ,,urinary ,,organs ,,one ,,mass ,,of ,,sores4 ,,despaired ,,of ,,cure4 ,illustration3 ,s4,c4 ,tracy1 ,esq4 ,my disease was caused by the roughness and exposure incidental to the life of a miner1 working in the gold mines of ,california and ,montana4 ,i had much of the time to work in water1 with my clothes wet1 which finally brought on a severe pain ,in my kidney1 which ere long completely prostrated me4 ,i employed and was treated by six different physicians1 the best ,i could obtain in my section of country1 and who while seeming to understand the nature of my disease1 yet gave me no remedy that afforded me any real relief4 ,i grew worse under the treatment of them all4 ,the pain in the kidney left me1 but immediately located in the bladder4 ,my bladder became very painful and commenced to ulcerate and fill up4 ,it seemed from the excruciating agony ,i suffered1 that there must have been an abscess in either the kidney or bladder1 and from the large amount of pus discharged at one time1 it appeared to me that my kidneys1 bladder and the entire urinary organs were one mass of sores and pus mixed with blood4 ,i had to use injections of laudanum daily in the lower bowels to ease the pain and live4 ,was reduced by long suffering1 looking for each day to be my last4 ,i felt that no human power on earth could help me4 ,no language can describe1 and ,god only knows1 the agony ,i suffered4 ,from what ,i have already written1 you may form some faint conception of my physical condition at the end of six years' treatment by the best medical aid ,i could get in the section where ,i was living4 ,i also used for some time 7with no benefit71 ,warner's ,safe ,cure1 and in fact1 tried every means that ,i could hear of1 but to no permanent relief4 ,such was my condition when ,i was led finally to consult and be treated by your ,association1 though ,i had but faint hope of obtaining any relief from any one4 ,with the very best description ,i could give in writing of my case1 and all the information you got from me1 you would not undertake the case until you were further informed1 and for which caution ,i sincerely thank you4 ,you wrote me--we are at a loss to definitely determine your condition4 ,we have an opinion based upon the facts before us1 but we feel that we must have a personal examination4 ,in the condition ,i was then in1 ,i could not have been kept alive to reach the first railroad station1 which was only six miles from my house1 and much less to travel to ,buffalo4 ,indeed ,i wrote you1 that if you would cure me for nothing1 ,i was unable to go to you4 ,in reply1 you then advised me to take your ,special ,remedies until ,i could improve sufficiently to go to ,buffalo for examination4 ,now this frank answer of yours1 removed every doubt from my mind1 and convinced me that you were honorable physicians4 ,on ,march #ajth1 #ahhc1 ,i began taking your ,special ,remedies1 as you prescribed them1 and at the end of three years' constant treatment1 ,i was improved sufficiently to go to ,buffalo to your ,institute1 where ,i was examined as you required of me4 ,when ,i reached your ,institute1 ,i was there carefully examined and received a month's treatment4 ,when ,i reflect on my condition and my suffering when ,i first began to use your specifics1 and see what ,i am now1 ,i feel that no words can too glowingly express my gratitude to your ,association for the physical benefits you have conferred upon me by your treatment of my despaired-of case4 ,,samuel ,c4 ,,tracy ,platteville1 ,wis4 ,,double ,,varicocele ,,and ,,stricture ,,of ,,the ,,urethra4 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,hanson1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,i have taken treatment from you for several months for nervous debility1 and although ,i am not quite fully cured as yet1 ,i have been greatly benefited1 and believe1 if ,i had come to you before ,i was duped and swindled by different quacks and was more dead than alive1 ,i would to-day be a thoroughly well man4 ,i have also been to your ,institute twice for surgical operations1 and cannot too highly praise the ,hotel1 or the skill and care of the attending surgeons and nurses4 ,they are gentlemen in every way and the ,invalids' ,hotel is just as represented4 ,i shall advise all suffering from chronic diseases to go to you for relief1 as ,i have never seen any one there who was not cured or greatly benefited4 ,very truly yours1 ,,christian ,,hanson1 ,esq4 ,austin1 ,mower ,co41 ,minn4 ,,case #bc;,a-#hij4 ,,disease ,,of ,,the ,,urinary ,,organs4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4,a4 ,empsall1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i feel it my duty to give my testimonial in behalf of your grand ,institution4 ,i had an operation performed at your place two years ago for the relief of a very painful disease of urinary passage1 and1 thanks to your skill1 ,i was cured1 and have enjoyed the best of health since4 ,i earnestly recommend your ,institution to all who are suffering1 and still further let me thank you for the kindness ,i received at the hands of everybody connected with the ,institution4 ,i am1 ,respectfully yours1 ,,frank ,a4 ,,empsall1 ,p4,o4 ,box #ihj1 ,pittsfield1 ,berkshire ,co41 ,mass4 ,,case #b;,a-#bjh4 ,,retention ,,of ,,urine4 ,,suffered ,,intense ,,pain4 ,illustration3 ,p4,j4 ,hamill1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sirs--,to your favor of the #bjth ult41 would say that ,i can only speak in the highest terms of your ,institution4 ,after suffering for ten or twelve years with retention of the urine1 and bladder difficulties1 ,i can say that ,i found immediate relief at your hands4 ,when going to your place1 about six years ago1 ,i was suffering with intense pain1 loss of appetite1 and unable to eat a good meal4 ,i now weigh #agj lbs41 do a good day's work and feel well in every respect4 ,i am only too glad that ,i am able to praise your ,institution1 and can highly recommend it to any one who is suffering as ,i was4 ,with great respect1 ,i remain4 ,yours very truly1 ,p4,j4 ,,hamill1 ,utica1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #hj1aae4 ,,enlarged ,,prostate ,,and ,,chronic ,,catarrhal ,,inflammation ,,of ,,bladder4 ,illustration3 ,abraham ,schell1 ,esq4 ,several years ago ,i had occasion to become an inmate of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,no4 #fhc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,i was afflicted with an enlarged prostate and chronic ,inflammation1 or catarrhal condition of the bladder4 ,i was largely benefited by the treatment ,i received there1 and had ,i remained a little longer1 as ,i was advised to do by the doctor who attended me1 ,i should have fully recovered4 ,i was so nearly cured that ,i did not think it necessary to remain longer1 as ,i supposed nature would do for me what remained to be done1 to effect a perfect cure4 ,my business was urgent4 ,i could not well remain longer4 ,in this ,i made a mistake1 ,i should have remained longer4 ,i was seventy-two years old at the time4 ,i bear willing testimony to the ability of the medical staff and the interest the doctors take in the welfare of their patients4 ,the nurses and all the subordinates were very kind and seemed to vie with each other to contribute to the pleasure and happiness of the inmates of the ,institute4 ,one will find the ,institute equipped with all the improvements known to modern science1 for the promotion and restoration of health4 ,it is impossible to do justice to its merits in a short article of this kind4 ,persons must go there and see and judge for themselves1 of the wonders of this extraordinary medical establishment4 ,if they cannot recover their health there1 in my ,judgment1 it is of no use to go elsewhere4 ,,abraham ,,schell1 ,knight's ,ferry1 ,cal4 ,,case #hbj1hjd4 ,,obstinate ,,and ,,complicated ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,john ,h4 ,smith1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,yours of ,july #abth to hand4 ,i am only too glad to comply with your request4 ,having suffered for many years with a complication of diseases and feeling conscious that they were rapidly making serious inroads upon my constitution1 and that ,i was speedily becoming unable and incapacitated to attend to my ordinary business4 ,i resolved1 after reading a number of testimonials from your patients1 to place myself under your treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,with heart-felt gratitude ,i can truthfully say ,i am relieved of my trouble4 ,i most cheerfully and earnestly recommend this ,institution to all who are afflicted with chronic and painful diseases1 no matter of what nature4 ,during my stay there ,i saw some wonderful cures and surgical operations4 ,yours truly1 ,,john ,h4 ,,smith1 ,deckertown1 ,sussex ,co41 ,n4,j4 ,,case #ebj1dbe4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,illustration3 ,andrew ,holes1 ,esq4 ,without solicitude or hope of pecuniary reward1 with heart-felt gratitude and a desire to aid my fellow-man to health and happiness1 allow me to state1 that as an inmate for more than a month of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,i feel warranted in its highest recommendation4 ,while there ,i saw and talked with a great number of people who came there as a last resort1 to be cured of almost every chronic disease to which flesh is heir1 and they were unanimous in their praise of the ,institution and the skilled specialists who constitute its professional staff4 ,,andrew ,,holes1 ,moorhead1 ,minn4 ,,case #fed1ejj4 ,,disease ,,of ,,kidneys ,,and ,,other ,,complications ,,caused ,,by ,,exposure ,,and ,,malaria4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,w4 ,dean1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having spent a short period of time at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,i must say ,i found it fully equal in every respect to the claims made for it by the proprietors4 ,it was filled with invalids who were under the care of a corps of physicians and surgeons and the fact that all the sick people appeared to be improving1 and that they were both cheerful and hopeful1 and that they all spoke well of the ,institution and of its doctors1 was calculated to inspire confidence in one who went there himself to be treated4 ,the greater number of these cases1 as far as ,i was able to learn1 were chronic and of a complicated character4 ,they represented a wide range of the ,states and ,territories of the ,union1 and had in each exhausted the resources of the home physicians4 ,having myself been treated by your ,faculty for a complication of troubles induced by exposure and malaria1 ,i feel that ,i owe my restoration to health to your skill and devotion1 at a time when ,i was unable to perform labor and was much discouraged1 and had failed to obtain relief elsewhere4 ,you are at liberty to make any use you may desire of this communication4 ,very respectfully yours1 ,j4,w4 ,,dean1 ,chariton1 ,putnam ,co41 ,mo4 ,,case #fbj1bcj4 ,,diabetes ,,and ,,inflammation ,,of ,,bladder1 ,,given ,,up ,,by ,,his ,,home ,,doctors ,,as ,,sure ,,to ,,die ,,in ,a ,,few ,,weeks4 ,,restored ,,to ,,active ,,work ,,on ,,his ,,farm4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,d4 ,parks1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i received your kind letter the #abth1 and was glad to hear from you and have no objection to your making use of my name in any way to help the sick and suffering1 for ,i know what it is to be sick4 ,i was sick for seven years2 could not do anything2 was visited by seven doctors and was treated by four1 and was given up to die by one of the best doctors of ,russellville4 ,he said ,i could not live longer than fall4 ,he treated me for ,sugar ,diabetes1 while the rest said ,i had inflammation of the bladder4 ,after giving up all hopes of being cured at home1 a friend got me to write to ,dr4 ,pierce's ,institution and after corresponding3 awhile ,i decided to go and be treated4 ,i was there one month and ,i never was cared for or treated more kindly by any one4 ,no parents could have been better to their sick children4 ,i cannot speak too highly of the ,institution1 and ,i believe ,i would have been in my grave to-day if ,i had not gone and been treated4 ,i feel great pleasure in expressing to you my sincere thanks for the cure that has been effected in my case1 by your very skillful treatment1 whereby ,i am now entirely and ,i trust permanently cured from a dangerous disease1 which had defied the utmost skill of all former medical attendants for the past five years1 and from which ,i had despaired of being3 relieved4 ,i am happy to state that my health is so good since taking the month's course of treatment at your ,institute1 and1 the home treatment since my return1 that ,i am now able to carry on the work of my farm4 ,i would cheerfully recommend all persons requiring medical or surgical aid to consult you at the earliest possible opportunity1 as ,i know by personal experience that the facilities cannot be surpassed for treatment of all classes of chronic diseases4 ,most gratefully yours1 ,j4,d4 ,,parks1 ,homer1 ,logan ,co41 ,ky4 ,p4,s4--,i have always recommended my neighbors to your ,institution and was the cause of ,f4,m4 ,brasher taking treatment1 who was cured after two doctors gave him up4 ,j4,d4,p4 ,,case #hbj1dbf4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,a ,,grateful ,,patient',s ,,words ,,of ,,praise4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,william ,henkel1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been in your ,institution as a sufferer from two distinct chronic diseases of years' standing1 and having been placed under the charge of your specialists1 ,i was speedily relieved of my afflictions4 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel is a place as much like home as it is possible for such an institution to be4 ,the physicians and surgeons are all expert specialists and thoroughly efficient2 the nurses are very competent1 attentive and kind2 and1 in fact1 the whole personnel of the ,invalids' ,hotel endeavor to do their best to make the patients feel like being at home4 ,i always felt while there as if ,i was one of the family4 ,i gladly recommend your ,institution to all persons who are afflicted with any kind of chronic disease1 for from my own experience ,i know the professional staff will do all which they promise to do4 ,please accept my thanks for the speedy benefits and perfect cure of my diseases1 and ,i think your ,institution is worthy of the highest endorsement4 ,yours truly1 ,,william ,,henkel1 ,no4 #aiag ,congress ,street1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,a question of life or death6 ,,case #b;,a-#ajg4 ,,stone ,,in ,,bladder4 ,,case ,,similar ,,to ,,that ,,of ,,col4 ,,elliott ,f4 ,,shepard1 ,,who ,,died ,,in ,,new ,,york ,,while ,,undergoing ,,an ,,operation4 ,illustration3 ,david ,s4 ,clark1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am seventy-seven years of age and have resided in ,erie for sixty-two years1 and for thirty-six years have been an elder in the ,first ,presbyterian ,church4 ,during four or five years ,i suffered from a painful affection of the bladder2 the severity permitted neither freedom from pain by day nor calm repose by night4 ,meanwhile1 ,i consulted leading physicians and visited numerous health resorts4 ,neither time1 means nor effort were spared that ,i might be free from pain4 ,relief came unexpectedly4 ,a signal act of ,providence1 that should be acknowledged daily1 brought your ,institution to my notice1 though ,i had then no acquaintance with any one connected with it4 ,with me it was a question of life or death4 ,up to last ,march ,i was in a condition of unendurable torture4 ,i knew that at my age1 after the months of pain already borne1 that any operation would be serious1 perhaps fatal4 ,accordingly1 ,i arranged my temporal affairs and carefully set my house in order4 ,on the #acth of ,march last1 ,i started for ,buffalo to your ,institution4 ,still uninformed as to the cause of my trouble1 ,i submitted to a searching examination1 as to my habits1 constitution1 parentage1 the age and cause of death of my parents1 and other facts1 from which a tolerable biography could have been prepared4 ,all was kindly intended4 ,their aim was to locate my ailment and then to determine my ability to undergo an operation4 ,having found a stone in the bladder1 they advised that it be crushed and extracted4 ,by a strange coincidence as this was announced1 ,i learned of ,col4 ,elliott ,f4 ,shepard's death under an operation for the same disease4 ,he was many years my junior1 and seemingly far better able to undergo the operation4 ,still1 in my desperation1 ,i determined to go on4 ,during five days1 ,i was under treatment for the coming operation4 ,on the #ahth of ,march the stone was crushed and extracted4 ,it was a complete success4 ,of the consideration1 tenderness and skill of the surgeon and his assistants1 ,i cannot too strongly speak4 ,of the gentle and assiduous nurses1 the system and completeness of the whole establishment1 as it moved along as one harmonious whole1 in all its departments1 ,i cannot sufficiently express my admiration4 ,i am now relieved of a state of torture1 and restored to health and happiness equal to any period of my life4 ,this ,i say with sincerity and emphasis4 ,since then ,i have gained twenty-two pounds in flesh4 ,i wish my words could reach the ear of every one similarly affected1 throughout our land1 to banish all doubts and take advantage of the science1 skill and pleasant surroundings so happily blended in your ,institution1 for the removal of pain and the mitigation of distress4 ,,david ,s4 ,,clark1 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,,case #ebj1abc4 ,,stone ,,in ,,bladder4 #abjj ,,grains ,,of ,,stone ,,removed ,,without ,,cutting4 ,,passed ,,blood ,,in ,,great ,,quantities ,,from ,,the ,,bladder4 ,,doctors ,,at ,,home 7,,as ,,usual7 ,,discouraged ,,him ,,from ,,coming ,,to ,,us4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,james ,vine1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am glad to make public the wonderful cure that you accomplished in my case4 ,for ten years ,i was a sick man1 and during three years ,i suffered so much that life was a burden4 ,my business had to be given up and the torments were something that could not be described4 ,every little while ,i had to urinate1 and each time suffered a spasm of pain1 like a knife thrust2 the use of a catheter was painful and often it took long and painful trials before the water could be drawn off4 ,i passed blood1 in quantities at times4 ,when ,i went to your place we had given up hope of a cure1 and relief was all that ,i looked for4 ,my doctors at home discouraged me4 ,i spent four weeks in your ,invalids' ,hotel1 and now at the age of sixty-seven years am sound and hearty as any one1 work from five in the morning until seven at night4 ,i manage a large and active business and enjoy life4 ,i cannot express my high praise of your ,institution4 ,your doctors are skillful and the nurses all kind and good4 ,all understand their business and attend to it4 ,i came home a new man and cannot say enough for your praise1 and to express my thanks for the wonderful cure and comfort ,i have enjoyed4 ,yours1 ,,jambs ,,vine1 ,,sr4 ,p4,s4--,you removed a stone that weighed over #abjj grains from my bladder1 without cutting4 ,the operation gave me complete relief4 ,while there and since1 ,i have seen a great many skillful cures done by you4 ,j4,v41 ,,sr41 ,st4 ,catherines1 ,out4 ,,case #fbj1faj4 ,,stone ,,in ,,bladder--,,weight #ecj ,,grains--,,successfully ,,removed ,,without ,,cutting4 ,,neighbors ,,told ,,him ,,he ,,would ,,be ,,brought ,,home ,,in ,a ,,box4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,c4,a4 ,,church1 ,,esq4 ,gentlemen--,seeing the picture of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in our local newspapers1 called to my mind the treatment ,i received there in #ahhg4 ,i had been suffering for ten or twelve years with bladder trouble1 and our home physicians did not seem to understand the cause or the trouble1 and ,i finally corresponded with your faculty1 and their advice was to come and have an examination4 ,i had been a great sufferer and was so weak that ,i could hardly walk from the hotel to the depot1 and those who saw me start said that ,i would be brought home in a box4 ,soon after my arrival an examination revealed a stone in my bladder4 ,after a few days' treatment to strengthen up the system1 the stone was taken out1 weighing #ecj grains4 ,four or five others were afterwards taken out of smaller size1 and ,i am still alive4 ,will soon be seventy-six years old1 and ,i cannot speak too highly of the care and attention ,i received from the physicians and nurses while there4 ,everything that was provided was of the best2 good food1 glean apartments2 and no better place can be found for treatment of the many diseases they advertise to cure4 ,anyone suffering from bladder or kindred trouble can find relief at the ,invalids' ,hotel1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,respectfully1 ,c4,a4 ,,church1 ,new ,berlin1 ,n4,y4 ,,case #fbj1beh4 ,,stone ,,in ,,the ,,bladder--,,great ,,suffering ,,for ,,years--,,heart-,,felt ,,gratitude4 ,illustration3 ,wm4 ,h4 ,miller1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,i would not be a true man ,if ,i did not acknowledge at this time 7as ,i should have done long ago71 with words of gratitude1 the wonderful relief ,i received at your ,institution five years ago4 ,it affords me the greatest pleasure to say to you and to the world at large1 that the treatment and operation ,i received at your ,institution was an entire success and a miraculous cure4 ,after twenty-five long years of suffering such as few people endure1 caused from exposure while in the military service of the ,united ,states1 ,i contracted kidney and bladder disease1 which shortly afterwards resulted in the formation of a calculus or stone4 ,i experimented with medicines4 ,special ,prescriptions1 etc41 from some of the most eminent physicians in the world1 in fact everything that promised relief and help for my kidneys was used1 but received no relief1 until the bladder discomfort became unendurable4 ,as a last resort1 knowing full well that life with me would be very short unless ,i could receive immediate relief1 ,i went to your famous ,institute1 where ,i was treated and operated upon and a large stone was removed from the bladder4 ,the old method of cutting1 which is so dangerous1 was not employed1 but the new and painless process of crushing2 this process was an agreeable surprise to me1 no pain and no risk1 as in the old method of cutting4 ,from the day of the operation ,i began to improve1 and in a few weeks thereafter ,i returned home to my wife1 family and friends1 a well and happy man1 and ,i have spent the last five years with ease1 comfort and pleasure--a living1 walking testimonial for your renowned ,institute4 ,believe me1 when ,i say that words fail me to express to you my sincere gratitude for your marvelous and almost miraculous cure effected in my case4 ,i feel sure no invalid could receive more skillful and kindly attention anywhere in the world4 ,i would urge every sufferer to take treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 believing it to be the most skillful1 and feel sure that it is the most advanced of the age4 ,sincerely and gratefully yours1 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,miller1 ,stoyestown1 ,somerset ,co41 ,penna4 ,,case #gbj1djb4 ,,stone ,,in ,,bladder ,,one ,,and ,a ,,half ,,inches ,,in ,,diameter ,,successfully ,,removed ,,without ,,cutting ,,or ,,pain4 ,illustration3 ,thos4 ,daltry1 ,esq4 ,from severe exposure when in the army1 ,i brought upon myself an acute attack of rheumatism1 from which ,i suffered terrible pain4 ,following this ,i began to be troubled with my bladder and kidneys4 ,for three years ,i experienced considerable discomfort4 ,there was severe burning and scalding1 and urination caused much pain4 ,i passed two pieces of gravel and became convinced that ,i had stone in the bladder4 ,was examined by my home physician1 who said there was no stone4 ,i was not satisfied1 however1 and went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,i was examined by their specialist4 ,after an injection of cocaine and carefully cleansing out the bladder1 a stone was found about one inch and a half in diameter1 probably similar in its composition to the pieces already passed4 ,i was advised to have it operated upon and removed1 which ,i arranged to do4 ,the process used was their new and painless one of crushing1 no knife or other cutting instrument being employed4 ,the stone was readily grasped by the crusher and reduced to small fragments4 ,the evacuator was then introduced and the stone entirely removed4 ,after a few weeks' careful attention my health was entirely restored and ,i was able to leave for home4 ,i take great pleasure in making public my wonderful cure4 ,i could not speak in too high praise of those who took charge of my case1 nor recommend too highly this famous ,institution4 ,it is about three years since ,i was operated on1 and pave not felt any bad effects since4 ,,thos4 ,,daltry1 ,huntington1 ,huntington1 ,co41 ,ind4 ,,case #hbj1eci4 ,,gravel ,,or ,,stone ,,with ,,chronic ,,kidney ,,and ,,bladder ,,disease4 ,,cured ,,nine ,,years ,,ago ,,after ,,being ,,given ,,up ,,to ,,die4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,o4 ,thompson4 ,in #ahhd1 at the age of fifty-four years4 ,i was prostrated with ,kidney and ,bladder complaint and told by the best physicians that ,i was but ten days out of the grave4 ,i applied to your ,institute for help and received treatment1 and now after nearly nine years am in comparatively good health4 ,all this time ,i have been able to do much work and to oversee my farm4 ,two stones or gravel were passed while under home treatment4 ,no further formations have developed4 ,the many cases ,i have recommended to you have all been more than satisfied with the results of their treatment4 ,i wish to thank you for the great benefit and care ,i received at your hands4 ,yours truly1 ,,orville ,,thompson1 ,avoca1 ,steuben ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,case #hei1fab4 ,a ,,strong ,,endorsement4 ,illustration3 ,h4,e4 ,bankston1 ,esq4 ,to whom it may concern3 ,this is to certify that ,i took treatment at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and ,i was cured of a chronic trouble that had been maltreated by other physicians4 ,while there ,i saw a man who had been cured by the specialists1 who had before been given up to die by the best doctors in ,troy1 ,n4,y4 ,of course1 the case must have been a very stubborn one4 ,i afterwards saw a man here1 in ,georgia1 die1 who1 if he had been in ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute under the treatment and care of his skilled doctors and nurses1 ,i know would have most assuredly got well4 ,why8 ,because it was only a case of stone in the bladder1 and they are easily cured at ,dr4 ,pierce's ,surgical ,institute4 ,i think almost any chronic disease can be cured there1 if taken in time1 judging from my observations while an inmate of that ,institution4 ,h4,e4 ,,bankston1 ,barnesville4 ,pike ,co41 ,ga4 ,,case #hbj1bfj4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,j4,f4 ,ritter1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it is now about six months since ,i discontinued your treatment1 and as ,i have had no return of the old symptoms1 ,i consider it unnecessary to take more medicine4 ,when ,i visited your ,institution some two years ago1 ,i had but faint hopes of ever being restored to health1 as ,i was suffering from a complication of diseases4 ,my case was an unusually obstinate one1 yet ,i am satisfied that a cure could have been accomplished in half the time1 had ,i been able to follow your directions in regard to diet more closely4 ,i hereby tender you my sincerest thanks for the kind treatment received while at your ,institution4 ,those days will always be the happiest in my memory4 ,i will close by giving your faculty my sincere thanks1 and hope success will crown your business4 ,yours very gratefully1 ,j4,f4 ,,ritter1 ,medford1 ,jackson ,co41 ,oreg4 ,stricture1 the result of injury from falls and accidents1 is particularly difficult of permanent cure4 ,the following gratuitous recommendations are from cases belonging to this class who entirely approve of the publication1 with full name1 photo-gravure and address4 ,,case #hbj1ejg4 ,,stricture ,,cured ,,after ,,many ,,operations ,,by ,,other ,,surgeons ,,had ,,proven ,,to ,,be ,,failures4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,archie ,ritchie1 ,esq4 ,i would state that ,i am an architect1 fifty-two years of age1 that about seventeen years ago ,i fell from a scaffold1 a distance of eighteen feet1 across a beam1 striking upon the perineum4 ,a physician was immediately called and ,i was treated by him for about eight or ten weeks4 ,a catheter was introduced into the bladder1 but caused such intense pain and anguish that it had to be withdrawn4 ,it was tried again but could not be introduced on account of the lacerations in the urethra1 caused by the violence used4 ,a consultation was held and an operation recommended4 ,an ansthetic was used and a cut made through the perineum from the outside into the bladder4 ,a catheter was inserted into the bladder1 tied in place and left in position for about eight weeks4 ,after eight or nine weeks the catheter was removed1 but it was four or five weeks before the wound in the perineum healed4 ,after a few months ,i began to have a urinary difficulty1 and symptoms of urethral stricture4 ,this condition continued until the urethra was entirely closed1 and it was impossible to make water4 ,a physician attempted to pass a catheter1 but could not do so4 ,he continued to treat me by the process of dilation for five or six months4 ,i began to feel more comfortable1 but the symptoms of stricture would manifest themselves again4 ,i then went to a hospital at ,toronto4 ,there ,i was treated also by the dilating method4 ,the treatment was continued for about four weeks1 but became so very painful1 and there was so much irritation in the urethra1 that it was impossible to endure it longer4 ,they then called an electrical specialist and he began treatment by electrolysis4 ,in about three weeks ,i went home1 but in a short time the stricture again manifested itself2 the contraction was very marked1 and micturition very difficult4 ,it grew gradually worse and ,i could not receive any comfort or benefit4 ,i returned to ,toronto to take further treatment from the electrical specialist4 ,during the operations of dilation of the urethra1 ,i passed some gravel4 ,after four weeks treatment ,i returned home1 but in about two months was as bad as ever1 and last ,october went back to ,toronto and was again treated by the electrical method4 ,the doctor had much difficulty in inserting the smallest catheter1 and it caused intense pain and suffering4 ,the last time he attempted to insert a catheter1 there seemed to be something give way1 and a large amount of pus and fluid passed from the rectum4 ,the physician told me an abscess had formed4 ,i returned home and tried to keep as comfortable as possible1 but could not micturate with any degree of satisfaction or comfort4 ,i gradually began to grow worse and there was a return of the stricture with inflammation of the bladder4 ,in ,march1 #ahib1 there began to be formed gravel in the bladder4 ,they would at times obstruct the flow of urine entirely4 ,i kept going from bad to worse1 until the urethra appeared to be entirely closed4 ,the physician ,i called found it impossible to pass a catheter ,into the bladder1 and advised me to go to some hospital where ,i could receive proper treatment1 and where proper appliances for this class of cases were used1 as he felt satisfied nothing could be accomplished for me at home4 ,i then came to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in ,buffalo to receive treatment1 and the treatment has been so successful that the urethral stricture as well as the gravel have been removed4 ,after ,i returned home ,i felt as if a great load had been lifted from my shoulders4 ,i have no irritation at all as ,i used to have1 and ,i can keep my water for six or seven hours without any trouble1 and the water seems to be clear and free from sediment of any sort1 and in general ,i feel as ,i never expected to again4 ,the doctors here were dumb-founded at the short time ,i was in getting fixed at your ,institution1 and feel ashamed to ask any questions as to treatment4 ,many months have passed and ,i continue well and active in my profession4 ,any one ,i can send the way of your ,institution you may be sure ,i shall do so1 and thanking you personally for your kind and successful treatment of my case1 ,i remain ever your well-wisher1 ,,archie ,,ritchie1 ,architect1 ,mount ,forest1 ,ont4 ,,grateful ,,letter ,,from ,a ,,prominent ,,architect4 ,,to ,,the ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,gentlemen--,it is again with the greatest of pleasure that ,i write you after twelve months since ,i was treated in your ,institution1 to add to my former testimonial4 ,with the blessing of good health ,i have been able to attend to my business as well as ever1 and have the greatest of comfort in every respect1 and feel about ten years younger than ,i was when ,i came to your ,institution for treatment1 and ,i have still again to thank you1 gentlemen1 for the kind and courteous attention ,i received from every one ,i came in contact with in your ,institution1 while under treatment1 and shall ever remember my visit to your ,hotel with pleasure1 and shall advise any one suffering under the same trouble1 with whom ,i may come in contact1 to come to your valuable ,institute for treatment1 where they can have the best of attention and skill4 ,again thanking you1 gentlemen1 for what you have done for me1 ,i hope that your ,institute may long be kept up to minister to suffering humanity4 ,god bless your staff of physicians1 and may success attend you1 is the wish and prayer of ever your well-wisher and grateful patient1 ,,archibald ,,ritchie1 ,mt4 ,forest1 ,p4,o41 ,ont4 ,see ,mr4 ,ritchie's former communication1 on page #heg4 ,,case #b;,a-#abf4 ,,painful ,,impediment ,,to ,,the ,,action ,,of ,,urinary ,,organs4 ,illustration3 ,edward ,compton1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,this is to certify that ,i have been to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for treatment1 and cannot speak in too high terms of the staff of physicians and surgeons1 or of the treatment which ,i received4 ,i consider the ,hotel one of the best in the country1 the table being excellent1 and the treatment the very best to be found in the land4 ,it is a most pleasant place to stay4 ,the attention which is given by the nurses could not be better4 ,as surgeons ,i think your specialists possess the finest skill that can be found4 ,any person suffering should not delay1 but go at once and be treated and get well4 ,you are at liberty to use this endorsement in any way that will do the most good4 ,with gratitude1 ,i remain1 ,,edward ,,compton1 ,chillicothe1 ,ill4 ,,case #fbj1chj4 ,,stricture1 ,,the ,,result ,,of ,,injury--,,cure ,,permanent4 ,illustration3 ,mr4 ,fay ,sawdy4 ,the stricture1 which resulted from an injury1 had been greatly aggravated by uric acid crystals which were continually forming in the urine4 ,patient had rheumatism1 causing this acid state of the system4 ,he had been a great sufferer for many years1 continually experiencing the nervousness1 smarting1 pain and burning1 with occasional attacks of urethritis1 common to the malady in this form4 ,this made the stricture almost unbearable1 and he was practically incapacitated for his labor at the time that treatment was undertaken in our ,institution4 ,he had been to the ,hot ,springs and in the care of other physicians with no satisfactory results4 ,the relief of the stricture by our new and painless method was followed by very great improvement in his condition1 after which appropriate remedies for the rheumatism were administered1 and the result was a very gratifying and satisfactory relief from his difficulty4 ,patient afterwards embarked in business as a proprietor of a hotel of his own1 and has been ever since very active in carrying on the business1 and extremely successful4 ,the stricture showed no tendency to recur1 as is commonly the case where it is cured by other methods than employed by us4 ,many years elapsed from the time that it was treated before the testimonial appended was written4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,doctors--,i want to thank you1 but words cannot express my gratitude1 for your treatment white at your ,institution1 but ,i will say for the benefit of persons afflicted with stricture1 that ,i was entirely cured by you1 and after several years have not seen any signs of its returning4 ,yours truly1 ,,fay ,,sawdy1 ,proprietor ,hotel ,sawdy1 ,earlville1 ,madison ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,case #eea1hfd1 ,,urethral ,,stricture--,,nasal ,,catarrh--,,cured ,,in ,,twenty ,,days--,a ,,previous ,,operation ,,by ,a ,,nashville 7,,tenn47 ,,surgeon ,,utterly ,,failed4 ,illustration3 ,s4,a4,d4 ,smith1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical1 ,,association4 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,in ,september1 #ahhf1 ,i was examined by one of your able staff of physicians and was found to be suffering with a bad form of nasal catarrh and with two strictures in the urethra 7water passage74 ,after a few days' general treatment1 ,i was operated upon and turned over to be cared for by the nurse1 from whom ,i received all the attention that was necessary4 ,to my utter astonishment ,i was dismissed in twenty days from the ,surgical ,institute1 cured of the stricture4 ,i had been operated on by one able surgeon of ,nashville1 ,tenn41 and was worse after the operation than before4 ,i have never had a symptom of the stricture since ,i was dismissed from the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and have been in better health than ever before in my life4 ,very truly1 ,s4,a4,d4 ,,smith1 ,laurel ,hill1 ,tenn4 ,,case #hbj1bja4 ,,stricture ,,of ,,the ,,urethra ,,of ,,three ,,years' ,,standing--,,could ,,pass ,,urine ,,only ,,in ,,drops ,,and ,,with ,,great ,,pain4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,frank ,brendell1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,wishing to add my testimony as to your great skill in surgery1 ,i will say that ,i suffered with stricture of the urethra1 due to an injury1 for about three years4 ,it became so bad that at times ,i could pass water only in drops and with great pain4 ,i went to a doctor here1 who used sounds which helped me for a time1 but in less than six weeks ,i was worse than ever4 ,hearing of your place1 ,i came to you and had a painless operation performed1 and have ever since been thoroughly cured4 ,i experience no trouble or pain4 ,it is three years since ,i had the operation1 and the cure has proved permanent4 ,you have my deepest gratitude4 ,yours truly1 ,,frank ,,brendell1 ,olean1 ,catt4 ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,,case #hbj1dgb4 ,,complicated ,,affection ,,of ,,nervous ,,system ,,and ,,urinary ,,organs4 ,illustration3 ,e4,j4 ,archer1 ,esq4 ,to the afflicted with chronic ,diseases3 ,it is with great pleasure that ,i refer to the successful treatment1 together with the kind care and attention received at the hands of the professional staff1 both physicians and nurses1 of the world-renowned ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,in every way ,it verifies their statement--,not a hospital but a pleasant remedial home1 and as such ,i add my name to the thousands who know and recommend it to the afflicted4 ,not only was this true in my own case1 but in many which came under my observation while there1 so ,i say to the afflicted--visit them if you can and if your case 7no matter of what character7 is ,within human skill1 you will never have to regret it4 ,very sincerely yours1 ,,edward ,j4 ,,archer1 ,plainwell1 ,mich4 ,,case #ebj1djh4 ,,stone ,,in ,,the ,,bladder4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,rob't ,worthington1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,for six years ,i had been a great sufferer from stone in the bladder4 ,the discomfort increased1 until it almost became unbearable4 ,hearing of the universal success of the specialist at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in similar cases1 ,i went there and submitted to an operation4 ,the method employed was their new and painless one of crushing1 no knife or cutting instrument being used4 ,i felt no pain afterward1 there was no fever1 and ,i could have gone home the day after4 ,the operation was witnessed by one of my friends1 who says it was very artistic and done with skill4 ,it was a complete success1 for ,i have not been troubled in the least1 although nearly seven years have passed4 ,i feel that ,i cannot speak in too high praise of this renowned ,institution and its staff of skilled physicians4 ,no invalid need fear to place himself under the skillful treatment and kindly care to be received there1 for ,i am confident that all the benefit known to medical science1 can be obtained at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,robert ,,worthington1 ,staunton1 ,fayette ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,case #aad1gdg4 ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,kidney ,,and ,,liver ,,disease--,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association3 ,illustration3 ,b4,v4 ,wright1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in informing you that the treatment you gave me for the relief of an affection of the spine and nervous system1 disease of the digestive organs1 kidneys and liver1 has been entirely successful4 ,i had feared that my health was gradually being undermined1 prior to entering your institution1 and ,i can testify to the perfect appointment that you have1 the excellent apparatus for the administration of electrical and other massage treatment and baths4 ,my relief was most satisfactory1 and the cure has remained permanent4 ,i take pleasure in recommending your institution to the afflicted1 believing that you have the very best treatment for chronic diseases known1 and ,i have had an opportunity to satisfy myself1 from conversation with other invalids in your ,institution1 of the care and skillful treatment that you administer1 and its excellent effects4 ,i believe that it is fully abreast of the times1 and equal to any institution in the world4 ,with many good wishes and thanks for my cure1 ,i remain1 ,yours truly1 ,b4,v4 ,,wright1 ,graniteville1 ,middlesex ,co41 ,mass4 ,,case #gij1fih4 ,,diabetes ,,cured ,,by ,,home ,,treatment4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,woodruff4 ,to whom it may concern3 ,this is to certify that for a number of years ,i was a constant sufferer1 and what was many times termed a hopeless victim of that terrible disease1 diabetes4 ,the symptoms were indeed alarming2 my strength being so completely exhausted that my walking from room to room was attended with difficulty4 ,my nerves were in a constant tremor1 and in fact no other words than that1 ,i was completely out of fix all over1 will express my condition4 ,having purchased a bottle of ,dr4 ,pierce's ,favorite ,prescription for my daughter1 and in looking over the directions of the accompanying circular and finding my own case so thoroughly described1 ,i decided at once to give his special home treatment a trial1 which ,i did during the three months that followed4 ,this proved to be all that was required for the restoration of my usual health1 and during the four years which have since elapsed ,i have had not the slightest reason for believing otherwise than that a perfect cure has been effected1 and can most heartily recommend ,dr4 ,pierce's medicines and treatment to any or all who may be suffering with kidney complaint in any form4 ,very sincerely yours1 ,,mrs4 ,,mary ,a4 ,,woodruff1 ,columbus ,junct41 ,louisa ,co41 ,ia4 ,,case #gie1eij4 ,,incontinence ,,of ,,urine--,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,miss ,richman4 ,dear ,sir--,i consider myself duty-bound to you and suffering humanity to acknowledge the benefit that ,i have received from your treatments4 ,from babyhood till ,i was twenty years old ,i was continually bothered with a weakness of the muscles of the bladder1 that gave me much trouble1 both by night as well as day4 ,i doctored with several physicians and tried all patent medicines1 but could not get any relief until ,i took your medicine about six months1 and now ,i am sound and well4 ,it has been over two years since ,i quit taking your medicine1 and have had no symptoms of the disease returning4 ,yours most gratefully4 ,miss ,,mollie ,,richman4 ,north ,cove1 ,pacific ,co41 ,wash4 ,,case #d;,a-#b1bbf4 ,,bright',s ,,disease ,,and ,,gravel ,,cured ,,by ,,special ,,home ,,treatment4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,w4 ,thompson1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sir--,you have my thanks and best wishes for your success1 as you cured me of what the doctors here called ,bright's ,disease and ,stone in the ,bladder4 ,they did me no good1 so ,i concluded to write to you1 which ,i did1 and am happy to say your medicine worked like a charm4 ,god and myself only know how ,i suffered4 ,i lost fifty-six pounds of flesh in six weeks and ,i thought my time had come1 but when ,i commenced taking your medicine1 in three days ,i saw a change for the better was taking place1 and in one month ,i considered myself cured4 ,i am still in good health and can do as hard a day's work as any man4 ,again ,i thank you4 ,your charges were reasonable and any one suffering as ,i was should write you at once4 ,any person writing to me must send stamped addressed envelope if wanting an answer4 ,j4,w4 ,,thompson1 ,st4 ,john1 ,whitman ,co41 ,wash4 ,,case #b;,a-#bbc4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,bladder4 ,,retention ,,of ,,urine4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,e4,a4 ,brown1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i had been a terrible sufferer for many years with ,bladder trouble4 ,i had experienced the greatest discomfort1 and tried in vain to find relief4 ,i was persuaded to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,i went and while there submitted to a course of treatment that gave me relief1 and was entirely satisfactory4 ,three years have elapsed and ,i continue well4 ,i take the greatest pleasure in making public my cure4 ,no sufferer going there can fail to receive all the benefit to be derived from medical treatment4 ,the staff of physicians are skillful and of large experience2 the attendants kind and attentive1 and the ,institution1 in all its appointments1 not to be excelled in the country4 ,i had been told by other physicians1 ,jealous at your success1 not to go to your place1 but ,i am now more than pleased that ,i disregarded their advice4 ,e4,a4 ,,brown1 ,corfu1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rupture4 7,,breach ,,or ,,hernia47 ,by the term ,hernia1 we mean a tumor1 which is formed by the displacement of the intestines1 the omentum 7covering of the bowels71 or both1 and which protrudes from the abdominal cavity4 ,the most common varieties are umbilical1 inguinal and femoral hernia4 ,children are most subject to umbilical1 males to inguinal1 and females to femoral1 hernia4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,indirect ,inguinal ,hernia4 ,sketched from a case subsequently cured by our improved method of treatment4 ,,causes4 ,these are either predisposing or exciting4 ,any thing which occasions general or local muscular debility1 as dropsy1 pregnancy1 abscesses1 wounds1 obstructions to natural evacuations1 etc41 is a predisposing cause of hernia4 ,the exciting cause is pressure applied to the contents of the abdomen1 as straining in evacuating the bowels and bladder1 lifting heavy weights1 or violent physical exertion4 ,,symptoms4 ,the only characteristic symptom of hernia is the presentation of an elastic1 or doughy tumor of variable size1 which either gradually or suddenly makes its appearance4 ,there is flatulence1 uneasiness1 and sometimes pain in the abdomen4 ,sharp and dull pains frequently recurring and confined to the locations where ruptures appear should receive attention4 ,examination will not infrequently reveal a small enlargement4 ,if a hernia1 this will usually disappear after a night's rest and may not be again noticed until the next day1 or for several days4 ,on coughing1 with the finger applied to the enlargement1 a sensation of an impulse 7succussion71 or slight additional protrusion will be felt ,the trouble appears at any time of life1 an analysis of seventy thousand cases indicating that it is most common in debilitated persons1 and that there is a constant decrease in the frequency of the affection from the first to the thirteenth year1 after which rupture is more and more frequently met with as age advances4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,this figure illustrates a case of ,femoral ,hernia which was radically cured by our improved method4 ,this tumor is a little lower on the thigh than in cases of inguinal hernia4 ,femoral ,hernia is most common to females1 and inguinal in males4 ,,inguinal ,,hernia 7see ,fig4 #a7 is more common than all other forms of rupture4 ,it is more frequently met with in men1 and when severe there is usually a mass of intestine which falls into the scrotum and has an evil effect1 by pressing upon the testicle4 ,the protrusion follows the spermatic vessels and hence it usually appears low down in the abdomen and on one or both sides of the pubic bone4 ,,femoral ,,hernia 7see ,fig4 #b71 most common in women of mature life1 is felt as a lump below the strong ligament in the groin which forms the line of separation between the thigh and the abdomen4 ,on its outer side and close to it can be felt the beating or pulsation of the large artery of the thigh4 ,,umbilical ,,hernia 7see ,fig4 #c7 appears at or near the navel and is most common in children4 ,it may be present from birth1 or it may result from fretting and crying at any period of childhood4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,umbilical ,,hernia4 ,sketched from a case subsequently cured by our new method4 ,sufferers from any form of rupture are constantly subject to the danger of strangulation4 ,this occurs when1 from any cause the free return of the contents of the protruded part of the intestine is prevented4 ,it is an accident of a serious nature1 inasmuch as nearly fifty per cent4 die if not carefully operated upon1 and with the most skillful treatment1 one in four cases terminates in death4 ,every individual should guard against rupture by maintaining1 by proper exercise1 diet1 and rest1 a condition of vigor and tonicity of the muscular system4 ,when debilitated1 all strains and exertions should be care fully avoided until the health is built up1 and the relaxation overcome4 ,,treatment4 ,the palliative treatment of hernia is by reduction and retention4 ,reduction consists in returning the protruding intestine to its proper place through the opening by which it escaped4 ,this is accomplished either by manipulation or by a surgical operation4 ,retention is effected by wearing a mechanical appliance called a truss4 ,as soon as the tumor protrudes1 or the bowel comes down1 the patient should assume the recumbent posture1 with his shoulders and feet elevated4 ,the patient or an attendant should grasp the hernia1 and with gentle1 but gradually increasing pressure upon the tumor attempt to replace it4 ,at the same time let the patient knead the bowels upward by pressing upon the integument1 so that the intestine may1 as far as possible1 be pushed away from the point of protrusion4 ,sometimes the contraction of the muscular fibres at a point where the hernia makes its exit is so great that the tumor cannot be replaced4 ,in this case the system should be relaxed with lobelia 7not given in doses to produce vomiting71 and as soon as the patient is thoroughly under its influence1 the manipulations may be resumed4 ,when there is any difficulty experienced in putting back the breach1 or rupture1 professional assistance should be promptly summoned4 ,after the reduction of the rupture1 a truss should be properly adapted1 applied1 and constantly worn1 to prevent the protrusion of the intestine4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,the above cut fairly illustrates a case of ,double ,inguinal ,hernia1 complicated with ,hydrocele1 cured at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,of the latter instruments there are several hundred varieties for sale throughout the country4 ,with the exception of about one-half dozen forms1 which embody the true principles of a proper truss1 they are1 without exception1 harmful4 ,unless proper support be given to the walls of the abdomen1 and that without constant pressure1 a truss does harm2 then1 too1 the shape of the pad must be such as to avoid pressure where it is not required2 otherwise1 as in the case where a small ring is worn upon a finger1 there is a gradual loss of strength and a depression formed in the healthy tissue1 which can be plainly seen and felt4 ,in this way trusses do harm1 and such evil consequences may follow the improper application of a good truss4 ,,surgical ,,treatment4 ,when the hernia has become strangulated and cannot be returned by manipulation1 a surgical operation is necessary4 ,whenever the necessity for such a procedure is apparent1 it should be performed immediately1 for the greater the delay the greater the liability to fatal results4 ,the operation consists in cutting down upon the strangulated bowel1 thus relieving it of its constriction and facilitating its replacement4 ,it is a delicate operation1 and must be skillfully performed4 ,after the operation1 the patient requires appropriate hygienic treatment4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,this figure illustrates a ,double ,inguinal ,hernia1 of large size1 which was permanently cured by our improved method of treatment4 ,the left side 7b7 shows the direct descent of the bowel into 7c7 the scrotum1 while on the right side 7a7 the rupture is indirect1 the bowel descending through the internal ring and inguinal canal4 ,,the ,,radical ,,cure4 ,a small percentage of cures will follow the proper use of a good truss1 and the advertisements of the so-called rupture cures are founded upon such cases4 ,these impostors pretend that the use of some vaunted salve1 ointment1 or styptic lotion1 applied on the outside1 will heal and cure the deep-seated separation of the muscular fibres4 ,the truss in these cases is the curative means in the small number that are relieved1 and for it but few dollars should be charged instead of the exorbitant prices demanded by these impostors4 ,improvements in surgery in this age of wonders1 have kept apace with the advances in electricity and other branches of science4 ,diseases and deformities which only a few years ago were considered incurable are now overcome and cured with certainty and without risk or suffering4 ,especially is this true with reference to hernia or rupture4 ,our specialists have devoted much attention to the radical cure of rupture1 or breach1 with the most gratifying results4 ,formerly we employed and advocated the use of the injection treatment only4 ,this method was tested and brought to a most efficient and practical stage1 so that we now apply it in the treatment of over eighty percent4 of the cases that are presented at our ,institution4 ,this plan of cure1 as used by us1 is a great advance over that of any similar one in use1 throughout the country4 ,our fluid is much more safe in its effects1 never gives rise to the troublesome abscesses and inflammation that is common to the use of the injection fluids that have been advised on the ,heatonian method4 ,the fluid we use is a bland and healing agent1 which produces an exudation behind the cords that surround the inguinal rings1 and forms a well defined truss pad of moderate size in such position that the rupture cannot pass by it and appear externally4 ,it causes also an adhesive inflammation limited to the hernial sac1 that completely closes it4 ,this treatment is rendered entirely painless by the use of a solution which is injected underneath the skin with a fine hollow needle attached to a small syringe1 and which tends to produce complete local ansthesia1 or loss of feeling so that the procedure is thoroughly and carefully carried out without any risk or discomfort4 ,the needle used by us for the treatment of the hernia is so perfected that any possible injection of the fluid into the abdominal cavity1 or upon the coating of the intestine1 is an impossibility1 and in no way can an injection be made into a blood vessel or nerve so as to produce any discomfort or trouble4 ,we thus avoid all the risks that pertain to the usual plan of injection4 ,there is a small percentage of cases1 as before stated1 in which this form of treatment is not likely to give a permanent cure1 from the fact that the omentum or intestine has become adherent externally1 to the sac1 or in the scrotum1 to the coverings of the testicle4 ,this makes the complete replacement of the rupture without cutting an impossibility1 and in such cases even where the hernial opening is closed1 treatment by injection only would not result in a permanent cure4 ,our aim is to treat all cases of rupture that we undertake in such a manner that by no possibility can the deformity return4 ,we therefore have for the cure of these cases another method1 by which with our local ansthetic fluid1 we are able to perform a surgical operation without any distress whatever to the patient4 ,the greatest risk of the old operation for rupture was the danger of general ansthesia with chloroform or ether1 or some similar agent4 ,the great majority of individuals cannot bear the inhalation of the large quantities of these ansthetics necessary to secure loss of feeling without consequent nausea1 and at times an effect upon the heart that often results seriously4 ,the risk from the ansthetic is much greater than from the surgical procedure4 ,by our method1 this risk is entirely done away with4 ,the pain dispelling fluid enables our operator to pursue his method ,,without ,,giving ,,the ,,patient ,,any ,,pain ,,or ,,discomfort ,,whatever4 ,during the operation he is in full possession of all his faculties1 and can assist in any way desired by coughing1 or straining1 in order1 at any time1 to complete the protrusion of the rupture and show its entire extent of surface when the sac is laid bare4 ,we then replace the rupture completely2 suture the sac so that the rupture will have no pocket into which to descend1 and then firmly unite the rings by a plan that we have invented1 and ,,by ,,which ,,they ,,are ,,made ,,more ,,strong ,,and ,,firm ,,than ,,in ,,their ,,original ,,state4 ,early in our experience1 and while using the plan of treatment that is usually employed for the radical cure of rupture1 we had occasional relapses of the difficulty1 but since using our improved method we have had no such trouble4 ,we can assure our patients that there is less risk of the appearance of the rupture at the point where the operation is performed than there is of a new breach forming4 ,the success of this treatment has been invariable4 ,none of the plans of treatment that we pursue for the cure of rupture tend to keep the patient in bed more than a few hours4 ,there is little or no pain1 after either of our plans of treatment1 and out of the many hundreds which we have treated and perfectly cured1 in no instance have we had any inflammation or serious manifestation--there being no fever or general reaction4 ,it is a matter of great surprise to our patients1 who undergo our treatment for the radical cure of rupture1 that by our varied methods1 the object is accomplished with so little discomfort and with no pain whatever4 ,from two to three weeks' personal attention of our specialist1 is usually all that is required even in the worst cases4 ,,no ,,truss ,,is ,,needed ,,after ,,our ,,treatment4 ,,we ,,consider ,a ,,case ,,cured ,,only ,,when ,,the ,,patient ,,is ,,able ,,to ,,do ,,without ,a ,,truss ,,or ,,support ,,in ,,all ,,the ,,usual ,,walks ,,and ,,vocations ,,of ,,life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials4 ,the testimonials that we append are but a small number out of the great mass that we have received4 ,a very large percentage of individuals who have been treated by us for rupture desire that their disability be held a matter of sacred confidence and with all such we take pleasure in guarding their confidence with the greatest care4 ,others are quite willing that their experience may be made public in this manner for the benefit of similar sufferers4 ,if the following letters had been written by your best known and most esteemed neighbors they could be no more worthy of your confidence than they now are1 coming1 as they do1 from well known1 intelligent and trustworthy citizens1 who1 in their several neighborhoods1 enjoy the fullest confidence and respect of all who know them4 ,a ,,locomotive ,,engineer ,,testifies ,,to ,,his ,,cure ,,of ,,rupture4 ,,the ,,constant ,,jar ,,of ,a ,,locomotive ,,is ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,severest ,,tests ,,that ,,can ,,be ,,applied ,,to ,a ,,recently ,,cured ,,case4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4,w4 ,frost1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,after suffering a number of years from a painful ,rupture1 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo4 ,while there1 ,i submitted to an operation which was not painful4 ,it was done without chloroform1 ether or any dangerous ansthetic4 ,under the skillful treatment of your specialists and the very close and kind attention of your nurses1 in less than a month1 ,i left the ,institution feeling like a new man4 ,i have every reason to believe that the ,hernia will never return1 and that ,i am permanently cured4 ,it it a great relief to go without a truss4 ,very respectfully1 ,f4,w4 ,,frost1 ,rotterdam ,june1 ,schenectady ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,a ,,locomotive ,,engineer',s ,,advice ,,to ,,sufferers ,,from ,,rupture4 ,,the ,,constant ,,jar ,,of ,a ,,locomotive ,,is ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,severest ,,tests ,,that ,,can ,,be ,,applied ,,to ,a ,,recently ,,cured ,,case4 ,,throw ,,away ,,trusses4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,f4,s4 ,auchenpaugh1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am an engineer--running an engine on the ,western ,division of the ,fitchburg ,railroad4 ,i had a severe case of double ,hernia2 still1 have always worked along with them until this winter4 ,one side was of twenty-five years' standing--the other of about eight years4 ,this winter ,i was laid up sick with pneumonia2 in coughing so much1 which of course was made necessary by that terrible disease1 ,i strained myself so that after getting up from my sick-bed1 ,i was not able to go to work1 as ,i could get no truss that would hold the rupture4 ,i was talking with ,brother ,stagg one day4 ,he asked me why ,i did not go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and get cured8 ,i went1 and in three weeks was cured1 so that ,i could dispose of my truss entirely4 ,i wish to say this comes from me direct2 it was my own proposition that this letter be made public4 ,yours respectfully1 ,f4,s4 ,,auchenpaugh1 ,rotterdam1 ,n4,y4 ,,rupture ,,from ,,boyhood4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,sauvain1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i am glad to say that ,i was cured at the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association after suffering from boyhood until the age of twenty-five from a hernia1 or rupture1 by a treatment of twenty days4 ,it is now five years since ,i was cured1 and can say that ,i was permanently cured4 ,you have my most sincere gratitude for your skillful operation and the good care received in your ,institution while there4 ,i can recommend your nurses and physicians most highly1 and ,i think your ,institution unequaled in this country4 ,yours truly1 ,,albert ,,sauvain1 ,silverton1 ,marion ,co41 ,oreg4 ,,hernia--,,left ,,inguinal--,,present ,,eight ,,years ,,with ,,nervous ,,prostration4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,a4,j4 ,kidder1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take greatest pleasure in making public the most wonderful cure ,i received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute of ,buffalo4 ,i had suffered severely for eight years with a left inguinal hernia2 had tried many physicians and medicines1 but found only temporary relief4 ,i was greatly run-down1 and my nervous system considerably shattered4 ,my friends persuaded me to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,while there ,i was operated on by their specialist1 and in a few weeks began to gain strength and energy so that ,i could return home1 and have since felt entirely well4 ,words could not do justice to my feeling in regard to this institution4 ,there is no place like it for medical aid1 and ,i would urge all invalids to go there1 feeling confident that they could no where receive more skillful treatment or more kind attention and care4 ,respectfully1 ,a4,j4 ,,kidder1 ,north ,yam ,hill1 ,yam ,hill ,co41 ,oreg4 ,,hernia4 ,,cured ,,severe ,,pain4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,h4 ,riemer1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,your favor received and found that you would like to have me give you a testimony of my case ,i will say in reply that ,i was treated at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 for ,hernia on the left side4 ,it was not large but it gave me severe pain while working4 ,i wore a truss but it did not relieve the pain very much4 ,i read in the paper one night your advertisement and a week after ,i started for the ,invalids' ,hotel1 and took the treatment for rupture and went home sound and happy1 like a new man1 and ,i can work harder than ever and can assure anyone interested that it is no humbug4 ,with the best wishes1 ,,john ,h4 ,,riemer1 ,zion1 ,wis4 ,p4,s4--,if any one would like to inquire about my case give them my full address and ,i will inform them about it1 if they enclose return stamped and addressed envelope for reply4 ,j4,h4,r4 ,,sound ,,as ,a ,,dollar4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,b4,f4 ,hook1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,am greatly pleased to report that the operation for the radical cure for rupture received at your ,institution in ,may1 #ahhi1 has proved entirely successful4 ,i am sound as a dollar4 ,my case was an extremely troublesome and dangerous one4 ,many times ,i required the assistance of a surgeon to reduce it4 ,no truss would hold it a whole day4 ,my two weeks' stay with you was worth thousands of dollars to me4 ,will gladly answer any inquiry and would advise any one suffering from hernia to take the radical cure4 ,very truly yours1 ,b4,f4 ,,hook1 ,holmesville1 ,holmes ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,rupture1 ,,dyspepsia ,,or ,,indigestion1 ,,and ,,kidney ,,disease4 ,illustration3 ,a4,n4 ,kingsley1 ,esq4 ,the following is from the widely-known and popular proprietor of the ,kingsley ,house at ,ashuelot1 ,n4,h43 ,it may seem useless to add testimony to the overwhelming mass already given of the many remarkable cures performed at your ,institution1 but ,i deem it a pleasure and a duty to add mine to your long list as very remarkable4 ,i had a rupture of twenty-seven years' standing1 with hemorrhage of the kidney for six months1 preceding my visit to your ,institute1 and was also troubled badly with indigestion1 all of which ailments had reduced me in strength and flesh to a mere skeleton4 ,had been treated by many local physicians1 who failed to do me any good4 ,i could walk but a very short distance when ,i left my home on the #hth of ,july1 #ahib1 for treatment at your ,institution1 with but little faith or hope of ever being any better4 ,but through your skillful treatment ,i was able to return to my home on the #ith of ,august1 #ahib1 and consider myself permanently cured1 having had to take no medicine since4 ,considering my case almost a miracle1 ,i cannot speak too highly of your ,institute and skillful treatment1 to which ,i feel that ,i am indebted for my continued existence4 ,you are at liberty to refer to me1 and to use this as you see fit4 ,very respectfully1 ,a4,n4 ,,kingsley1 ,ashuelot1 ,cheshire ,co41 ,n4,h4 ,,rupture4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,keifer1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,about four years ago1 when working on a scaffold it gave way1 and ,i fell a few feet and the strain and jar caused a rupture in the right side4 ,i did not pay very much attention to this until ,i noticed that it was enlarging4 ,it finally grew so that ,i could not work4 ,i used several kinds of trusses that did me no good4 ,i went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and submitted to an operation which was entirely painless and proved most satisfactory in every respect4 ,since then ,i have been well and able to do hard work for a man of my age 7#gb74 ,i feel no inconvenience from the rupture4 ,i take pleasure in recommending the ,institute to all who are in need of help4 ,i can highly recommend the physicians and nurses and the kind attention ,i received while there4 ,i am now well and sound as ever4 ,yours truly1 ,,henry ,,keifer1 ,spring ,green1 ,sauk ,co41 ,wis4 ,,hernia ,,and ,,piles ,,cured ,,without ,,pain4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,j4 ,app1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i have been successfully treated at your institution for piles and also rupture of the left side4 ,your institution is all it claims to be1 and the treatment of my case was accomplished without pain and apparently any risk4 ,your method of using locally cocaine as an ansthetic is such a decided improvement4 ,i did not have to take any dangerous ether or chloroform1 but had a small quantity of medicine injected that made the operation as painless as though it was being done on some one else4 ,at the same time ,i knew everything and could see what was being done4 ,you have my kindest thanks for the good care and many attentions given me4 ,your nurses and physicians all give kind and skillful care4 ,yours very truly1 ,j4,j4 ,,app1 ,bolivar1 ,tuscarawas ,co41 ,ohio4 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture4 ,,large ,,protrusion ,,of ,,sixteen ,,years' ,,standing4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,m4,g4 ,hartzell1 ,esq4 ,to the afflicted3 ,for sixteen years ,i was troubled with ,hernia1 caused by heavy lifting4 ,it was on the right side and the protrusion sufficient to extend into the scrotum4 ,i purchased trusses1 but none of them could be worn with comfort1 and ,i suffered very much4 ,i concluded to go to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and see if ,i could not obtain relief4 ,while there ,i submitted to an operation4 ,the result was entirely satisfactory4 ,the pain in my back subsided2 my general health began to tone up1 and in a short time1 thanks to the skill of their specialist and the kind attention of their nurses1 ,i felt like a new man4 ,i take pleasure in highly recommending the ,institution to all the afflicted4 ,i feel confident that all the benefit to be derived from medical or surgical treatment is to be received at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,yours respectfully1 ,m4,g4 ,,hartzell1 ,deadwood1 ,so4 ,dakota4 ,,double ,,rupture4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,it is with much pleasure that ,i write you this testimonial of the wonderful cures you have performed for me4 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,hartley1 ,esq4 ,in the year #ahhc1 ,i became ruptured on the left side4 ,i immediately wrote you 7having heard of your fame in curing all kinds of diseases7 for your terms of treatment which ,i received by return mail1 you also stating you were positive you could cure me4 ,through unavoidable circumstances ,i was unable to come to your ,institution until ,december1 #ahhf4 ,during this time ,i had tried wearing a truss1 which only made it worse1 and very much aggravated my complaint as it was impossible to hold the rupture in its place4 ,however ,i arrived at the ,invalids' ,hotel on ,december #hth1 #ahhf4 ,on being examined by one of your staff1 ,i was pronounced a bad case1 but by your mode of treatment you could cure it4 ,i was therefore1 operated upon by one of your specialists1 without any cutting however and comparatively little pain1 by your scientific method1 and in thirty days returned home cured4 ,the time ,i had to remain there1 ,i believe1 was much longer than most persons treated for the same complaint4 ,since then ,i have worked very hard sometimes 7my occupation being that of a farmer17 so much so that ,i became ruptured on the right side three years ago1--the other side remaining perfectly sound without any protection4 ,i considered myself very unfortunate in being in this position again1 fortunate in knowing where to go for relief1 and very soon was back in your ,institution where ,i was successfully treated and perfectly cured and am to-day a sound man and able to do any kind of work on my farm4 ,i write this testimonial for the sake of suffering humanity1 and wish you to use it in any way that the greatest number of persons may read it4 ,as for myself1 ,i would not be in the condition ,i once was and not know of your ,institution for all ,i could see4 ,i not only recommend your ,institution for the complaint of which ,i was cured but for all chronic diseases or anything requiring a skillful surgical operation1 believing your ,staff of ,physicians and ,surgeons to be second to none anywhere4 ,your nurses and attendants1 and every accommodation1 also1 being all that is necessary to make your ,institution everything that its name implies--a complete ,invalids ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,david ,,hartley1 ,p4,o4 ,box #hd1 ,wyoming1 ,out4 ,p4,s4--,i have also received much benefit from taking your ,golden ,medical ,discovery for dyspepsia and liver complaint1 and being broken down generally4 ,a few bottles worked wonders1 and ,i have been well ever since1 and that was quite a number of years ago4 ,d4,h4 ,,rupture4 ,a ,,grateful ,,patient',s ,,words ,,of ,,praise4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,henkel1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,having been in your ,institution as a sufferer from two distinct chronic diseases of years' standing1 and having been placed under the charge of your specialists1 ,i was speedily relieved of my afflictions4 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel is a place as much like home as it is possible for such an institution to be4 ,the physicians and surgeons are all expert specialists and thoroughly efficient2 the nurses are very competent1 attentive and kind2 and1 in fact1 the whole personnel of the ,invalids' ,hotel endeavor to do their best to make the patients feel like being at home4 ,i always felt while there as if ,i was one of the family4 ,i gladly recommend your ,institution to all persons who are afflicted with any kind of chronic disease1 for from my own experience ,i know the professional staff will do all which they promise to do4 ,please accept my thanks for the speedy benefits and perfect cure of my diseases1 and ,i think your ,institution is worthy of the highest endorsement4 ,yours truly1 ,,william ,,henkel1 ,no4 #aiag ,congress ,street1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,strangulated ,,rupture ,,or ,,breach ,,in ,a ,,child ,,two ,,years ,,old1 ,,cured4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,krause1 ,esq4 ,dear ,sirs--,our boy is1 since the operation1 quite well and healthier than ever before1 so that ,i presume1 the rupture1 or a part of it1 may have existed since his birth4 ,even that small lump in the groin has1 as much as ,i can feel by touching1 completely disappeared4 ,i take this opportunity of expressing my heart-felt thanks for the kind and christian-like treatment my wife and boy experienced from you and the nurses4 ,god bless you and let you live long for the welfare of suffering men4 ,dr4 ,pierce's ,invalids' ,hotel of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 deserves to be recommended to every sufferer of whatever disease4 ,eight years ago ,i underwent a successful operation1 saving my body a member4 ,the dangerous outgrowth1 which made the operation a necessity1 never returned4 ,in regard to your specialist1 ,i wish to remark1 that his skillful way of performing operations reminded me very much of ,bernard von ,langenbeck1 professor of surgery in the ,university of ,berlin1 where ,i was a student4 ,he is just as tender and sympathetic with his patients as that famous director of the ,prussian ,royal ,clinical ,hospital has been4 ,as to the medicines of ,dr4 ,pierce1 ,i recommended them to members of my congregation1 who told me that they did them good4 ,dr4 ,bastian1 of ,dansville1 ,n4,y41 a druggist1 told me that your medicines are bought by the same persons again and again4 ,i consider this to be the best recommendation4 ,a medicine which is of no effect will not be bought a second time by the same person4 ,yours1 ,,rev4 ,,richard ,,krause1 ,portway1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,krause4 ,illustration3 ,master ,h4 ,krause4 ,mrs4 ,mary ,krause1 the mother of the little boy whose case is above reported1 writes3 ,in respect to your medicines ,i can only say that they have done me and others much good1 especially when ,i suffered with chronic catarrh and doctored with your physicians4 ,i shall never forget the kind treatment ,i received from your physicians and nurses during the time ,i had to stay in your house1 while our ,herman had to go through that dangerous operation which was necessary to cure his strangulated rupture4 ,i can recommend your ,institute and medicines to all suffering people4 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture ,illustration3 ,b4 ,galland1 ,esq4 ,,of ,,fourteen ,,years ,,cured ,,sound ,,as ,a ,,dollar4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,dear ,sirs--,in reply to yours of the #bith ult41 in which you kindly make inquiry in regard to my physical condition1 ,i would say1 that ,i am now1 ,i think1 as sound as a dollar1 and consider that after ,i had bad fourteen years of suffering with ,hernia1 and being cured as ,i was last winter at your ,institute1 makes me under great obligations to the science and skill of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association4 ,very respectfully yours1 ,,robert ,,galland1 ,orangeville ,mills1 ,barry ,co41 ,mich4 ,,irreducible ,,hernia4 ,,present ,,from ,,boyhood--,,protrusion ,,of ,,enormous ,,size4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,d4 ,nitschke1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,i take pleasure in reporting that ,i have not worn the truss for a long period1 and that ,i have been at work steadily at my business of binding and printing1 running a large establishment1 for over four years1 without any trouble whatever from the rupture4 ,it has remained permanently and perfectly cured4 ,you will remember my case as a most severe one4 ,i am a man of sixty years of age1 and the disease had been the source of serious discomfort to me since childhood4 ,the protrusion was the size of a man's head1 and could not be replaced4 ,i was forced to give up all exercise1 and suffered much at my daily work from inconvenience and pain4 ,any injury upon the protrusion1 which could not always be protected1 was followed with much discomfort1 and my general health was seriously affected4 ,the passage of the food through the confined intestines was a painful process often times1 and kept me in great misery4 ,i am thankful to state that since your operation the rupture has remained sound and well1 and ,i have been relieved of all difficulty of the kind4 ,i now enjoy excellent health1 and am at my business daily from twelve to sixteen hours1 and on my feet constantly1 yet without any manifestations whatever of the re-appearance of the rupture4 ,you have my most sincere gratitude for the skillful operation and the good care received in your ,institution while there4 ,i can recommend your nurses and physicians most highly1 and think your ,institution is unequaled in this country4 ,with many good wishes1 ,i am1 ,very truly yours1 ,,daniel ,,nitschke1 #bjfg ,franklin ,ave41 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,,complication ,,of ,,diseases4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,holes1 ,esq4 ,without solicitude or hope of pecuniary reward1 with heart-felt gratitude and a desire to aid my fellow-man to health and happiness1 allow me to state1 that as an inmate for more than a month of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,i feel warranted in its highest recommendation4 ,while there ,i saw and talked with a great number of people who came there as a last resort1 to be cured of almost every chronic disease to which flesh is heir1 and they were unanimous in their praise of the ,institution and the skilled specialists who constitute its professional staff4 ,,andrew ,,holes1 ,moorhead1 ,minn4 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture ,,of #aa ,,years' ,,standing4 ,illustration3 ,l4 ,crist1 ,esq4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,gentlemen--,allow me to express my thanks to you for the attention and benefits received at the hands of your skillful staff of surgeons and nurses4 ,i had been a sufferer from ,hernia for eleven years and tried everything1 but was no better4 ,i finally went to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 and am now entirely cured and enjoy splendid health4 ,i heartily recommend yours to be the most skillful treatment of the age4 ,with best wishes1 ,,lewis ,,crist1 ,no4 #fg ,frankston ,ave41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,,rupture1 ,,aggravated ,,by ,,occupation ,,as ,a ,,locomotive ,,engineer--,,could ,,not ,,be ,,held ,,in ,,place--,,after ,,treatment ,,subjected ,,to ,,the ,,trying ,,test ,,of ,,the ,,constant ,,jar ,,of ,,the ,,locomotive ,,yet ,,proves ,,reliable4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,,no4 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,j4,m4 ,keach1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,it has long been my desire to make a statement of my cure for the benefit of all those persons who have suffered in like manner4 ,i had a rupture that was very large and difficult to hold in place4 ,trusses of all kinds were tried4 ,they were painful and would not hold it4 ,the rupture would come down constantly when at my engine and give me fearful pain4 ,i was cured at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 by a treatment that is safe and certain4 ,my cure has been permanent1 although ,i have worked steadily4 ,yours sincerely1 ,,james ,m4 ,,keach4 ,no4 #fh ,bissell ,ave41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,,femoral ,,hernia4 ,illustration3 ,miss ,m4,v4 ,thomas4 ,this patient1 aged thirty-four years1 was always delicate2 suffered from malarial fever each year for ten years past4 ,the hernia was caused by lifting her father1 who was on his sick-bed1 during five different times1 causing terrible suffering4 ,the hernia was treated by our ,specialist1 and in eighteen days the lady was able to return home4 ,she reports3 ,gentlemen--,i am grateful to you for a permanent cure of the hernia1 and happy to inform you that ,i have felt no signs of rupture since ,i was at your ,institution4 ,respectfully yours1 ,miss ,,mattie ,v4 ,,thomas1 ,albion1 ,noble ,co41 ,ind4 ,a ,,living ,,death ,,for ,,years4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y43 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,wood1 ,esq4 ,gentlemen--,in the hope that some sufferer from hernia may be induced to take your treatment for that disease1 ,i send you this certificate1 containing a synopsis of my case and cure of the same4 ,my life was a living death for years4 ,i had almost lost all hope of ever being cured1 and was plunged in despair1 as ,i had tried so many trusses1 appliances and remedies1 each one in successive repetition1 a failure4 ,in ,january and ,february of the year '#hi1 ,i entered your ,institution for treatment1 my malady being an inguinal hernia on the right side1 of twenty years' standing--from childhood4 ,i was then impressed with the feeling that it was my last chance1 and that it would be my last effort1 and to be candid ,i had very little hope that a cure would be effected4 ,to me my condition seemed appalling1 as ,i dare not eat1 drink1 laugh1 exercise or perform any of the functions of life without having to reduce my rupture1 frequently as often as forty or fifty times per diem1 while on occasions the reduction would occupy hours of untold agony4 ,no truss or appliance that ,i could get would retain the rupture1 and ,i had tried all sorts as fast as they came to my knowledge4 ,marvelous as it may appear to all sufferers from this distressing affliction1 ,i was discharged from your ,institute in thirty days1 a well and sound man1 and only from memory and the record do ,i know that ,i was ever ruptured4 ,i have at times since performed some of the hardest kinds of work for long periods1 but no sign of weakness has ever appeared4 ,i do not consider the necessary operation performed as attended with any danger2 it is no comparison to the chances a person takes who in the daily walks of life is tortured with a rupture4 ,while an inmate of your ,institution1 ,i was accorded the kindest and most considerate treatment from all members of your staff and employees with whom ,i came in contact4 ,i consider the appointments and cuisine of the establishment as perfection4 ,you are at liberty to make the fullest and freest use of this testimonial you may see fit in your judgment1 and ,i will cheerfully answer any communication from any sufferer referred to me for more explicit testimony4 ,i am1 ,sincerely yours1 ,,henry ,,wood4 ,mason ,valley1 ,nev4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,croup1 ,,membranous ,,and ,,spasmodic4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,false ,membrane in ,croup4 ,from a specimen in ,dr4 ,gross' cabinet4 ,every family should be made acquainted with the symptoms and treatment of this disease4 ,especially is this true in the case of those living remote from a physician4 ,from the lack of this knowledge on the part of parents1 many a little one has perished before medical assistance could be obtained4 ,in some of its forms its progress is very rapid1 and1 unless relief is obtained in a few moments1 or hours at the most1 death ensues4 ,there are several quite distinct pathological conditions of the vocal and respiratory organs which have1 in popular parlance1 been designated as croup4 ,but two of these are worthy of consideration here4 ,these are true or membranous croup1 in which a false1 semi-organized membrane is formed1 and spasmodic croup4 ,both may result fatally1 but the former is much the more dangerous4 ,,membranous ,,croup is supposed to originate in the trachea1 from which1 as it progresses1 it often extends upward to the larynx1 and downward to the bronchial tubes4 ,it is the result of severe inflammation of the mucous membrane1 and is characterized by the formation of a false membrane1 which covers or lines the inner surface of the true structure 7see ,fig4 #a74 ,it is formed of a coagulable1 semi-fluid exudation from the mucous membrane4 ,on being brought to the surface and into contact with the inspired air1 this substance grows thick and tough1 or leathery1 as we find it4 ,it is the obstruction in the respiratory canal which this foreign matter causes that gives rise to the labored breathing1 and the ringing1 brassy cough1 together with the crowing or whistling inspiration characteristic of croup4 ,before recovery can take place this membrane must be detached and expelled4 ,the cough is nature's effort to accomplish this work4 ,the formation of this adventitious membrane in the larynx is attended with more danger than when it is confined to the trachea4 ,in most cases in which the disease has had a very speedily fatal termination1 an examination has shown that the larynx was its chief seat4 ,,symptoms4 ,true croup is generally preceded by what is known as a cold4 ,the child coughs1 sneezes1 and is hoarse4 ,it is the hoarseness and the peculiar character of the cough which indicate the tendency to croup4 ,this has been already described4 ,in addition1 the child is restless1 fretful and feverish4 ,the disease makes rapid strides4 ,finally the cough ceases to be loud and barking1 and is very much suppressed2 the voice is almost gone2 the face is very pale2 the head thrown back2 the nostrils dilated and in perpetual motion1 the pulse at the wrist very feeble1 great exhaustion1 more or less delirium1 and1 finally1 death comes to the relief of the little sufferer4 ,convulsions sometimes occur in the last stages1 and soon terminate fatally4 ,,treatment4 ,no time should be lost in commencing treatment4 ,hot fomentations should be applied to the throat and upper portions of the chest4 ,the free inhalation of steam should be employed early4 ,the following treatment has been found very effectual in membranous croup1 and is recommended by the highest authorities3 ,yellow subsulphate of mercury1 or turpeth mineral1 three to five grains1 depending upon the age of the child1 for one dose4 ,if it does not cause vomiting in fifteen minutes1 give a second dose4 ,this1 however1 is seldom necessary4 ,if the turpeth mineral cannot be obtained1 sulphate of copper or sulphate of zinc may be given instead1 as directed under the head of ,emetics1 in ,part ,,iii1 ,chapter ,,ii4 ,if there be a quick pulse1 hot skin1 a hurried breathing1 and an occasional ringing cough1 the child should be kept in bed1 comfortably covered1 but not overloaded with clothes1 and the tincture or fluid extract of veratrum viride administered as follows3 ,take fluid extract of veratrum1 five drops2 sweet spirits of nitre1 one teaspoonful2 pure water1 twenty teaspoonfuls2 mix1 sweeten with white sugar1 and give a teaspoonful of the mixture every half-hour to two hours1 according to the age of the child and the severity of the case4 ,if there be great prostration1 with cold extremities1 the carbonate of ammonia should be administered1 in doses of from one to two grains1 every second hour1 in gum arabic mucilage4 ,quinine is a valuable remedy1 and is tolerated in large doses4 ,the patient's body should be frequently sponged with warm water in which a sufficient quantity of saleratus or ordinary baking-soda has been dissolved to render it quite strongly alkaline4 ,if the bowels be constipated they should be moved by an injection of starch-water4 ,beef tea and other concentrated1 supporting diet should be administrated4 ,in those cases in which there is a tendency to croup1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 together with iron and the bitter tonics1 should be given to build up the system and counteract such tendency4 ,the treatment which we have advised has been put to the severest tests in the most severe forms of the disease1 and has resulted most successfully4 ,if1 however1 in any case it does not give prompt relief1 our advice is to lose no time in summoning a physician who is known to be skilled in the treatment of diseases of children4 ,,spasmodic ,,croup4 ,in this affection no false membrane is formed4 ,it seems to have a nervous origin4 ,most frequently the child is awakened in the night by a sense of suffocation4 ,he may cry out that he is choking4 ,the countenance is livid1 the breathing is hurried and each respiration is attended by a crowing sound4 ,the child has fits of coughing or crying1 and makes vehement struggles to recover his breath4 ,this complaint1 unlike croup1 is unattended by fever1 it being of a purely spasmodic character with no inflammation4 ,apply hot fomentations to the throat1 and give frequent small doses of tincture or fluid extract or syrup of lobelia1 to produce slight nausea2 or1 better still1 an acetic syrup of blood-root1 made by adding one teaspoonful of the crushed or powdered root to one gill of vinegar and four teaspoonfuls of white sugar4 ,heat this mixture to the boiling point1 strain1 and administer from one-fourth to one teaspoonful every half-hour or hour4 ,slight nausea should be kept up1 but it is unnecessary to produce vomiting4 ,this is usually all the treatment that is required4 ,,whooping-,,cough4 7,,pertussis47 ,this is primarily a disease of the nervous system1 involving the respiratory organs through the medium of the pneumogastric nerve4 ,it is considered a disease of childhood1 though we have met with it in old age4 ,it is eminently a contagious affection1 and occurs generally but once during life4 ,,symptoms4 ,it is at first manifested by a catarrhal cough1 gradually developed4 ,after a while it becomes paroxysmal1 generally worse at night4 ,the cough is severe1 and long-continued2 when a prolonged inspiration occurs1 it is accompanied by a peculiar shrill sound1 the characteristic whoop1 which1 when once heard1 is never forgotten4 ,the cough is attended by a copious secretion of glairy mucus1 which is brought up at the latter part of the paroxysm4 ,during1 or at the end of the paroxysm1 vomiting frequently occurs1 and sometimes nosebleed4 ,the cough is so severe at times1 that the patient turns purple1 gasps for breath1 and presents all the symptoms of suffocation4 ,bronchitis sometimes is a troublesome complication4 ,immediately preceding a paroxysm of coughing a sense of impending danger appears to seize the child1 and it runs to its mother1 or grasps some support1 as if for protection4 ,until the paroxysmal character and peculiar whoop is developed1 the disease is diagnosed with difficulty4 ,,treatment4 ,we have found the ,golden ,medical ,discovery to modify the disease and cut it short4 ,the philosophy of its action can be readily understood by its effect on the pneumogastric nerve1 as explained under consumption and bronchitis4 ,jaborandi1 described under the head of diaphoretics1 often speedily arrests this disease4 ,the employment of an infusion of red clover blossoms1 in small doses1 is of undoubted value in modifying the irritation of the air-passages1 and may be used to good advantage with1 or in alternation with the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,exposure to cold and wet should be avoided4 ,,nosebleed4 ,hemorrhage from the nose is commonly the result either of a catarrhal or an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucous membrane4 ,individuals are susceptible to it who are oppressed by fever or constitutional diseases that reduce the strength4 ,there is also a condition of the nervous system in which there is congestion of the nerve centres which favors manifestations of this somewhat troublesome difficulty4 ,,causes4 ,in some instances an examination of the nose will reveal the presence of a small point of congested vessels1 usually about the size of a split pea4 ,upon this portion of the mucous membrane small scabs form1 and at any time when they may be dislodged1 by accident or otherwise1 a hemorrhage will ensue4 ,the constitutional conditions that produce the tendency to hemorrhage are most important4 ,in individuals of a debilitated condition1 it results from the lack of a proper amount of fibrin in the blood4 ,where the blood becomes thin1 or loses a large share of its red corpuscles1 the individual is pale1 and hemorrhages are frequent from the mucous surfaces of any portion of the body1 the nasal mucous surface being especially liable to such attacks4 ,,treatment4 ,this is local and constitutional4 ,where there is constitutional imperfection1 it should be remedied4 ,usually in young women there is some difficulty with the ovarian or uterine circulation1 and the attack of hemorrhage from the nose is reflex in its character1 appearing just before or at the time of the menstrual flow1 accompanied with troublesome headache4 ,the correction of this form is by the use of the ,favorite ,prescription and ,golden ,medical ,discovery1 using of each a teaspoonful three times a day1 taking the ,prescription before meals and the ,discovery after meals4 ,if the bowels are constipated1 the ,pellets should be employed1 in order to overcome any congestion of the liver which favors the manifestation of nosebleed4 ,in children there is usually a debilitated state of the system1 which is best remedied by the use of a half teaspoonful dose of the ,discovery1 taken three times a day1 after meals1 with sweetened water4 ,this treatment should be continued for a month or six weeks4 ,by this means the blood-making organs rapidly improve in their activity and functions1 the blood becomes rich in corpuscles and fibrin1 thus strengthening the walls of the blood-vessels and tending to prevent a hemorrhage following undue excitement or injury4 ,with men the use of laxatives is of great importance4 ,one or more of the ,pellets1 taken on retiring at night1 are most beneficial4 ,where the blood is not up to the standard of purity1 even though the individual be fleshy1 the ,discovery should be used1 a teaspoonful or two1 three times a day1 after meals1 in conjunction with plenty of outdoor exercise and the best of food4 ,where the hemorrhages occur in those having too much blood1 the diet must be corrected by the use of vegetables and fruit1 diminishing the amount of meat and pastries to a minimum4 ,the amount of fibrin should also be increased by the use of the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,,local ,,treatment4 ,of those applied directly to the membrane1 ,dr4 ,sage's ,catarrh ,remedy1 used according to the directions which wrap the bottle1 is excellent in bringing about a normal condition of the mucous surfaces4 ,following this1 a small amount of ,subnitrate of ,bismuth may be snuffed into each nostril4 ,usually the amount required to cover a three-cent silver piece is sufficient4 ,the powder dries the surface and favors the speedy formation of a coagulum1 or clotted covering1 which effectually checks any further hemorrhage4 ,the application of a firm compress to the upper lip will also diminish the flow of blood through the arteries that run to the anterior portion of the mucous surface4 ,good effects often follow the use of a small piece of ice applied to the nape of the neck4 ,this1 with a reclining posture1 will cause contraction of the blood-vessels4 ,if the ,subnitrate of ,bismuth is not to be readily obtained1 the use of any other powder such as starch1 finely divided and baked so as to be free from a tendency to form starch paste when applied to a mucous surface1 is equally good4 ,well-browned flour is also serviceable4 ,the use of the contents of a puff-ball1 which contains many millions of fine spores1 has been employed from time immemorial4 ,the use of such drying powders tends to favor the speedy formation of clots4 ,where the small points of engorged vessels are to be readily reached1 use a solution of the ,tincture of ,chloride of ,iron1 one part in four of water1 applying with a small pledget of soft cotton wrapped about1 or fastened to1 the end of a pencil or stick4 ,in this way the solution may be applied in very small amount to the spot where the hemorrhage appears1 and will give immunity from future attacks4 ,any of the styptics 7see pages #cbj-cbe7 can be called into service4 ,those who have the advantage of the city drug store may use a solution of basic ferric sulphate 7,monsell's solution71 or the spray of a three or four percent4 solution of cocaine4 ,the latter is one of the most pleasant and effective remedies in these emergencies4 ,before its administration the nasal cavity should be cleansed by snuffing up the nostrils salt and warm water4 ,when washed1 immediately apply the spray4 ,if the constitutional condition which led to the hemorrhage continues1 the general remedies--of which the ,golden ,medical ,discovery is the most efficacious--should be administered4 ,this agent increases the number of red blood corpuscles1 and enriches the blood in fibrin1 so that the relief obtained is absolutely permanent4 ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,stomach4 7,,gastritis47 ,gastritis is generally defined as an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach4 ,however1 the cellular1 muscular1 and serous tissues are all liable to be more or less affected4 ,gastritis may be either acute or chronic4 ,either form is a distinct modification of disease1 manifesting peculiar symptoms and requiring special remedies4 ,acute ,gastritis generally occurs as a result or complication of other diseases4 ,it is an occasional feature ,in scarlatina1 serious cases of bilious fever1 and in cutaneous affections of every description4 ,the mucous membrane of the stomach is placed in intimate communication with all the vital organs1 by means of the nerves of the solar-plexus1 hence the sympathy between the stomach and skin1 and the morbid condition of the stomach occasioned by disease of other organs4 ,,the ,,early ,,symptoms of acute gastritis are a burning sensation in the stomach1 accompanied by nausea and frequent vomiting4 ,the respiratory movements are rapid and shallow1 the pulse is hard and short1 and as the disease progresses1 becomes small1 frequent1 and thready4 ,the tongue usually retains its natural appearance1 but it is sometimes dry and tinged with a vivid scarlet at the tip and edges4 ,intense thirst and hiccough are occasional symptoms4 ,the facial expression is haggard1 and indicative of the most intense suffering4 ,the stomach will not retain the mildest liquids4 ,in the early stages of the disease1 the ejections consist of chyme and mucus1 streaked with blood4 ,as it progresses1 the vomiting becomes a sort of regurgitation1 the contents of the stomach being ejected without any apparent nausea or effort4 ,the ejections then consist of a dark-colored granular matter1 resembling what is known in yellow fever as black-vomit4 ,,causes4 ,formerly it was supposed that this was a very common disorder1 and the term acute gastritis was applied to every development of symptomatic fever4 ,but late clinical and pathological investigations clearly indicate that acute gastritis is of rare occurrence4 ,it may be caused by the excessive and habitual use of alcoholic drinks1 especially if taken without food1 by copious draughts of cold water1 or by intense emotions4 ,but its general cause is the ingestion of irritating and corrosive poisons4 ,where the former causes are known not to exist1 the presence of poison should always be suspected4 ,as the cause sometimes becomes a matter of legal investigation1 it is very important that the practitioner should be able to determine the real origin4 ,if caused by poison1 the disease is very suddenly developed1 the patient complaining of a very intense burning sensation in the throat and the lining membrane of the mouth1 which will generally show the action of the poison4 ,a diarrhea is also more apt to accompany the disease4 ,if inorganic or vegetable poisons are known or suspected irritants1 the appropriate antidotes should be promptly administered4 ,for a list of the principal poisons and their antidotes1 with practical suggestions for treatment1 the reader is referred to the article in this volume1 on ,accidents and ,emergencies4 ,,treatment4 ,the inflammation should be allayed1 and a tea made of peach-tree leaves is very serviceable4 ,small pieces of ice1 swallowed1 will generally allay the thirst and vomiting1 and a mucilage of slippery-elm is very soothing to the inflamed mucous membrane4 ,this is an important disease1 and its management should be entrusted to a skillful physician4 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,of ,,the ,,stomach4 ,chronic ,gastritis is sometimes mistaken for dyspepsia or gastralgia4 ,it is very necessary to discriminate between these diseases1 as the appropriate remedies of the latter will often only aggravate and augment the former4 ,a chronic inflammation of the stomach is a very common affection and has many phases1 but the term chronic gastritis is applied only to that species of inflammation occasioned and accompanied by irritation4 ,it is seldom a result of the acute form4 ,,the ,,symptoms of chronic gastritis are various and sometimes vague4 ,among those which are prominent we may mention an irregular appetite4 ,at times it is voracious and the patient will consume every available article of diet1 while at others he will experience nausea and disgust at the sight of food4 ,even when very hungry1 one mouthful of food will sometimes produce satiety and cause vomiting4 ,the appearance of the tongue is variable1 sometimes natural1 at others thickly coated4 ,the desire for drink is capricious1 varying from intense thirst to indifference4 ,another prominent symptom is a sense of heaviness and heat in the epigastric region1 after partaking of food4 ,often a small quantity1 as a teaspoonful of milk1 will produce a sensation of weight1 as a heavy ball lying at the pit of the stomach4 ,this symptom is frequently accompanied by a frontal headache1 and a small and wiry pulse4 ,dull or shooting pains are experienced in the stomach and between the shoulders1 and the patient becomes weary1 melancholy1 and emaciated4 ,,causes4 ,the general cause of chronic gastritis is excess in eating or drinking1 and the use of alcoholic liquors4 ,we have known it to be produced by drinking hard cider4 ,great mental excitement predisposes the system to this affection4 ,occasionally it is a result of febrile diseases1 as scarlatina1 typhoid fever1 etc4 ,in some families there is a constitutional tendency to its development4 ,,treatment4 ,all medicines which tend to irritate the stomach1 should be studiously avoided4 ,the bowels should be kept regular1 and the skin clean by frequent bathing4 ,stimulants of all kinds must be avoided4 ,as a principle article of diet1 we would recommend milk and farinaceous articles4 ,if these precautions be observed1 nature will sometimes effect a cure4 ,lime water and the subnitrate of bismuth1 in twenty-grain doses three or four times a day1 are useful to allay irritation4 ,other suggestions applicable to its domestic management1 maybe found under the hygienic and medicinal treatment of dyspepsia1 to which we refer the reader4 ,,neuralgia ,,of ,,the ,,stomach4 7,,gastralgia47 ,gastralgia is a neuralgic affection of the stomach1 unaccompanied by inflammation4 ,it is sometimes mistaken for chronic gastritis1 although there is a marked difference in the symptoms4 ,a ,,prominent ,,symptom ,,of ,,gastralgia is a paroxysmal pain radiating from the epigastric region1 to all parts of the thoracic cavity4 ,the pain is sometimes lessened by walking1 lying on left side1 or by gentle pressure1 and usually abates after eating1 but is renewed in a few hours4 ,the patient occasionally experiences a sense of heaviness at the pit of the stomach1 nausea1 and frequent salty eructations4 ,the tongue is white1 the appetite variable1 and there is no desire for liquids4 ,the sleep is usually refreshing1 and when not suffering from acute pain1 the patient is apparently well4 ,the distinguishing symptom of this disease is a feeling of intense despondency1 and1 sometimes1 a morbid fear of death4 ,an effectual method of distinguishing between gastralgia and chronic gastritis is by the administration of an alcoholic stimulant4 ,if gastritis be the affection the pain will be augmented2 whereas1 if it be gastralgia1 it will be relieved4 ,,cause4 ,the cause of gastralgia is a local or sympathetic irritation of the nerves distributed to the stomach4 ,,treatment4 ,the pain of gastralgia is sometimes allayed by using half a teaspoonful of subcarbonate of bismuth1 and repeating the dose1 if the attack is not relieved4 ,the following is a very effectual remedy3 take twenty grains of quinine1 combined with one drachm of prussiate of iron1 and divide it into ten powders1 and administer a powder every three hours until the pain is completely arrested4 ,temporary relief may be given by administering one-quarter of a grain of morphine1 or ten to twenty drops of chloroform in a teaspoonful of glycerine1 slightly diluted1 taken in one dose4 ,one of the most effective remedies for preventing a return of the attacks is that invigorating tonic and alterative1 the ,golden ,medical ,discovery4 ,the patient should be careful in diet1 and not eat too much food1 which should not only be of a nutritious kind1 but easy of digestion4 ,cleanliness1 suitable clothing1 bodily warmth1 exercise1 and rest must not be neglected4 ,sometimes it is lingering and requires long persistence in hygienic and medicinal treatment4 ,everything tending to promote the tone of the digestive organs1 and improve the functions of the system generally may be considered advantageous in this neuralgic affection4 ,,peritonitis4 ,the peritoneum1 or serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and invests the intestines1 is liable to become inflamed4 ,when this occurs1 the affection is termed peritonitis1 and may be divided into the acute and chronic forms4 ,,acute ,,peritonitis4 ,this form may be circumscribed2 that is1 confined to one spot1 or it may extend over the entire surface of the peritoneum1 when it is known as general4 ,,symptoms4 ,there is headache1 quick pulse1 tongue coated white1 countenance pallid1 features pinched1 respiration difficult1 nausea and vomiting1 severe pain in the abdomen1 which is extremely sensitive to pressure and becomes very much distended4 ,there is also pain in the limbs1 the bowels are constipated1 and1 in exceptional cases1 diarrhea is a prominent symptom4 ,the urine is deficient in quantity1 and there is sleeplessness1 chilliness1 and great general prostration4 ,vomiting and coughing or sneezing increase the pain4 ,an erect position occasions intense suffering4 ,the patient is compelled to assume a recumbent posture and is inclined to lie on the back1 for in that position the sufferer experiences the least pressure of the vital organs against the peritoneum4 ,there is also an inclination to draw up the lower limbs and retain them in a flexed position4 ,,causes4 ,prominent among these are injuries which have been inflicted upon the intestines1 compression of the colon1 or rectum1 perforation of the stomach or bowels1 either by violence or some pre-existing disease1 thus allowing the discharge of blood1 urine1 bile1 or fecal matter into the abdominal cavity2 also abortion1 over-exertion1 and exposure to wet or cold4 ,as acute peritonitis is always a grave disease1 involving more or less danger to life1 it is the wisest course to employ a physician and trust the case to his management4 ,the same remark is equally applicable to the chronic form of the disease4 ,,chronic ,,peritonitis4 ,like the acute1 it may be either circumscribed or general4 ,this form is sometimes1 though rarely1 a sequel of the acute4 ,when it appears independently of the acute1 it is generally associated with some cutaneous affection pertaining to the abdominal cavity1 and the inflammation is induced by the tumor4 ,if chronic peritonitis be connected with the tubercular diathesis1 tubercles may be discovered upon the surface of the stomach and alimentary canal1 and may also be found in the lungs and brain4 ,when the affection is not tubercular there will appear in the abdominal cavity an effusion of serous fluid of greater or less quantity1 mingled with blood and pus4 ,when such an effusion takes place1 the abdomen gradually increases in size1 or becomes smaller than is natural4 ,there is pain1 attended by soreness upon pressure1 and the patient becomes emaciated4 ,inflammation of the peritoneum is frequently an accompaniment of puerperal fever1 which is a disease peculiar to childbirth1 and which may arise from cold1 or be communicated from one parturient patient to another by midwives4 ,,treatment4 ,in the remedial management of acute peritonitis1 it is obviously necessary to use some agent which will at once influence and change the congested state and inflammatory condition4 ,one of the best agents employed to make a decided impression upon the vascular system1 subdue inflammation1 and modify its action1 is the fluid extract of veratrum viride1 administered in full doses1 and repeated until the system shows its effects in a decided manner4 ,warm fomentations applied to the abdomen are sometimes very serviceable1 and are objectionable only because of their liability to dampen the bed-clothes4 ,when the abdomen will bear a thick1 warm poultice1 apply it1 and then cover the entire surface with oiled silk4 ,the tincture of opium1 in doses sufficient to relieve pain and quiet the peristaltic action of the intestines1 is generally necessary4 ,,epidemic ,,cholera4 ,this is an epidemic disease1 supposed to be due to an impalpable specific poison1 but as to the exact nature of this poisonous matter nothing definite is known4 ,this plague first made its appearance on our continent in #ahcd4 ,owing to its great fatality1 it is a disease much to be dreaded4 ,,symptoms4 ,these are well defined4 ,it is characterized in its earlier stages by pain in the stomach and bowels1 especially in the umbilical region1 nausea1 vomiting1 diarrhea2 later1 the purging is excessive1 and the matter dejected resembles rice-water1 and contains white1 solid1 curd-like matter4 ,the patient loses strength1 and sinks rapidly4 ,the secretory organs fail to perform their functions normally1 the skin is sometimes moist1 but oftener cold and dry2 but little if any bile is found in the excretions1 and the urine voided is very scanty4 ,there is general nervous derangement1 as indicated by the spasmodic contraction or cramping of the muscles4 ,this first attacks the extremities1 but soon affects the entire body1 and gives rise to excruciating pains4 ,the head is affected by singing1 roaring1 disagreeable noises in the ears1 the pulse is feeble1 but quick1 the nails are of a bluish color1 the tongue is coated white1 the eyes are sunken1 and the patient has a corpse-like appearance2 the temperature of the body rapidly falls1 the surface becomes deathly cold1 and1 unless the disease is promptly arrested in its course1 speedy dissolution follows4 ,the disease is rarely prolonged beyond twenty-four hours1 and sometimes terminates within three or four hours after its first attack4 ,,treatment4 ,the kind of medicine required depends upon the severity of the attack and stage of the disease4 ,in all cholera epidemics1 there are premonitory symptoms1 such1 as an uneasy sensation at the pit of the stomach1 and a rumbling of the bowels4 ,this is apt to be followed by a painless diarrhea1 which occasions no alarm1 and the patient pays but little attention to it4 ,herein is the great and dangerous mistake4 ,the patient is already in the stage of invasion1 which must be promptly arrested1 or he will suddenly be precipitated into the stage of collapse4 ,the patient should lie down1 and have placed about him bottles filled with hot water1 thereby exciting warmth upon the surface of the body4 ,at the same time1 administer two teaspoonfuls of the ,extract of ,smart-weed4 ,if the symptoms are urgent1 repeat the dose every fifteen minutes4 ,brandy1 thickened with sugar1 may also be given4 ,in either the stage of invasion or collapse1 the leading indication is to establish reaction by promoting perspiration4 ,bathe the feet in water as hot as can be borne1 give the ,extract of ,swart-weed freely1 and thus endeavor to excite profuse diaphoresis4 ,no time should be lost1 for delays are dangerous4 ,when the reaction is established1 the patient should remain quiet1 and not attempt to exert himself4 ,after reaction has taken place1 the sweating should be maintained for twelve hours1 and the patient should drink slippery-elm tea and toast-water1 and partake sparingly of soft toasted bread and chicken broth4 ,the food should be fluid and nutritious1 but taken in small quantities4 ,do not disturb the bowels with laxatives until the third day after the patient begins to improve1 and then they may be moved by an injection of warm water4 ,great care should be taken that the patient does not indulge too soon or too freely in the use of food4 ,when a skillful physician can be had1 no time should be lost in securing his services1 but since in epidemics of this nature1 medical men are generally overworked1 and not always easily and promptly to be had1 we have been quite explicit in giving full directions for treatment4 ,,cholera ,,morbus1 also known as sporadic cholera and simple cholera1 usually occurs during the summer months4 ,the attack may be sudden1 although it is usually preceded by a sensation of uneasiness and colicky pains in the stomach4 ,,symptoms4 ,nausea1 vomiting and purging are the most prominent symptoms4 ,the discharge from the bowels is at first of a thin1 yellow appearance1 but finally it becomes almost colorless4 ,sometimes1 after the contents proper of the bowels have been evacuated1 the dejections have a bilious appearance4 ,severe cramps and pain accompany the vomiting4 ,the vomiting and purging usually occur in paroxysms1 but finally become less frequent1 a reaction takes place1 the extremities grow warm1 and the patient gradually recovers4 ,it may be accompanied by intense thirst and a quick pulse1 yet the surface may be cool4 ,,causes4 ,cholera morbus is most prevalent in warm climates1 and especially in malarial districts4 ,it is generally the result of eating indigestible articles of food1 such as unripe fruit or uncooked vegetables4 ,stimulating drinks1 or those articles which furnish the elements for fermentation1 also favor the production of this disease4 ,,treatment4 ,if the attack be superinduced by eating unripe or stale fruit1 it may be proper to give an emetic or a cathartic1 but ordinarily first give a full dose of the ,extract of ,smart-weed1 and1 if the vomited matter is very sour1 give the patient a weak1 alkaline drink1 which may be made by dropping a few live1 hard-wood coals into a tumbler of water4 ,this will not only assist in neutralizing the acidity of the stomach1 but will help to allay the thirst and accompanying fever4 ,if the patient throw up the first dose of the ,extract of ,smart-weed1 a second should be given4 ,do not allow the patient to drink cold water1 and give only tablespoonful doses of the alkaline solution every thirty minutes4 ,if the thirst is great1 occasionally give a tablespoonful of a tea made from scorched ,indian meal1 which not only allays the desire to drink1 but also the irritation of the stomach4 ,if to be obtained1 give a tea of the leaves or bark of the peach tree4 ,the patient should be well covered in bed and kept warm4 ,laudanum by the stomach1 or by enema1 may he necessary in severe cases to relieve the pain and check the purging4 ,hot fomentations applied to the bowels are very valuable4 ,a mustard plaster applied over the abdomen will assist materially in relieving the nausea and vomiting4 ,it should not be left on sufficiently long to blister4 ,when the affection is promptly treated as we have suggested1 the patient generally quickly recovers4 ,if1 however1 it does not yield to these measures1 the family physician should be called in4 ,,accidents ,,and ,,emergencies4 ,accidents and emergencies which require immediate attention frequently occur4 ,professional aid cannot always be quickly obtained and hence fatal results often follow4 ,it is1 therefore1 important that all persons should not only know how to proceed under such circumstances1 but that they should be able to exercise that deliberation and self-control so necessary in emergencies of all kinds4 ,most persons are more or less affected by the sight of blood or severe wounds1 and it requires an effort to maintain self-possession4 ,one should act resolutely2 otherwise he will find himself overcome and unable to render any assistance4 ,,wounds4 ,wounds may be classified as incised1 punctured1 contused1 lacerated1 or poisoned4 ,incised wounds are those which are made with a sharp1 cutting instrument1 and are characterized by their extent of surface4 ,punctured wounds are made with a pointed instrument1 and distinguished for their depth rather than breadth4 ,contused wounds are those produced by bruises4 ,lacerated wounds are those in which the flesh is torn and mangled4 ,poisoned wounds are made with a poisoned instrument1 or by some poisonous reptile or insect or rabid animal4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,the field ,tourniquet as applied4 ,in all cases of wounds1 the immediate danger is in the shock produced upon the nervous system1 and in the liability to hemorrhage4 ,,shock4 ,if severe1 the shock is attended with symptoms of extreme prostration1 such as a feeble pulse1 shivering1 partial unconsciousness1 fainting1 hiccough1 vomiting1 and involuntary discharges of the urine and feces4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,mode of employing flexion for the arrest of hemorrhage from a wound located below the elbow4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,shock4 ,the clothing should be loosened immediately after the accident1 so that the blood may have free circulation1 and the patient should be kept in a recumbent position4 ,he should have plenty of fresh air4 ,camphor or ammonia may be inhaled4 ,if he can swallow1 stimulants may be given1 as whiskey or brandy1 but with care that they do not run into the trachea1 or windpipe4 ,if he be unable to swallow1 they may be administered as injections1 but should gradually be discontinued as reaction takes place4 ,a warm pillow placed at the back and the use of electricity may be beneficial4 ,,hemorrhage1 or bleeding1 may generally be controlled by a compress1 tourniquet1 flexion of the joint1 or styptics4 ,a compress consists of several folds of cloth laid upon a wound1 the edges of which have been brought together1 and made secure by a moderately tight bandage4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,mode of employing flexion for the arrest of hemorrhage from a wound below the knee4 ,a tourniquet may be extemporized by rolling a handkerchief into a cord and tying it around the limb1 over a compress1 between the wound and the heart4 ,a stick should then be thrust between the handkerchief and skin and twisted around several times1 until the pressure is sufficiently great to arrest the circulation of the blood in the wounded part4 ,a representation of this operation may be seen in ,fig4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,mode of employing flexion for the arrest of hemorrhage from a wound located between the thigh and knee4 ,flexion of the joint1 as represented in ,figs4 #b1 #c1 and #d1 is adapted to many cases of hemorrhage4 ,as water cannot flow through a rubber tube bent at a sharp angle1 so the acute flexion of a limb prevents the free flow of blood through the arterial tubes4 ,in some cases1 styptics may be directly applied to the wounded tissues4 ,cold acts as a powerful styptic1 and may generally be made available for arresting hemorrhage4 ,,poisoned ,,wounds4 ,the treatment of these should chiefly consist in the prevention of the spread of the poison4 ,this may be done by tightly applying bandages above the wound and scarifying or sucking the parts4 ,nitrate of silver may then be used and the ligatures removed4 ,alcohol1 in any form1 is an antidote to snake poison4 ,for the stings of insects1 apply aqua ammonia1 fresh earth1 raw onion1 plantain1 or spirits of turpentine4 ,,fractures ,,and ,,dislocations4 ,the treatment of injuries received from the fracture of bones and the dislocation of joints should never be attempted by the inexperienced1 nor should the management be left to incompetent physicians but skillful surgical aid should at once be summoned4 ,,sprains4 ,a sprain consists of a sudden and forcible stretching of the ligaments and tendons connected with a joint1 without there being any dislocation4 ,it is attended with severe pain and is followed by rapid swelling4 ,the treatment should consist of measures to prevent inflammation1 promote absorption1 and restore a healthy action4 ,the affected part should be kept at rest in an elevated position1 and hot or cold water applied frequently4 ,if there is much inflammation1 fomentations of hops may be used4 ,the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed is an excellent application4 ,when the acute symptoms have disappeared1 absorption should be favored by systematic rubbing and the application of stimulating liniments1 or by the use of a well-adjusted bandage4 ,passive motion may be resorted to gradually and the subject may use the joint moderately4 ,should any stiffness remain1 warm salt water douches should be employed and the ,extract of ,smart-weed applied once a day4 ,,bruises4 ,bruises or contusions are caused by falls1 wrenches1 or blows from blunt instruments1 without breaking the skin4 ,the soft tissues are lacerated and blood is poured out into them1 constituting ecchymosis4 ,the discoloration passes through various shades from a bluish-black to a violet1 a green1 and finally1 a yellow4 ,if the bruise is severe1 the affected part should be kept at rest and frequently bathed with the ,compound ,extract of ,smart-weed or the tincture of arnica4 ,if inflammatory symptoms supervene1 fomentations and poultices should be applied4 ,,foreign ,,bodies ,,in ,,the ,,nose4 ,foreign bodies1 such as beads1 peas1 coffee-grains1 and small gravel-stones are occasionally introduced into the nostrils of children1 becoming fastened there1 and causing great anxiety and alarm4 ,if allowed to remain1 they generally cause inflammation and suffering4 ,such bodies may generally be washed out by gently injecting a stream of tepid salt water with a syringe or ,dr4 ,pierce's ,nasal ,douche4 ,in no case should force be used4 ,if these means fail1 a competent surgeon should be consulted4 ,,foreign ,,bodies ,,in ,,the ,,throat ,,and ,,air-,,passages4 ,foreign bodies are generally arrested so high up that they may be seen by simply depressing the tongue1 and removed with the finger or a pair of forceps4 ,the head should be thrown back in such a position as to cause the chin to project as little as possible beyond the prominence known as ,adam's apple1 in order that the finger or forceps may be readily introduced and the body released and ejected4 ,when the foreign bodies are so small as to pass out of sight in the larynx1 windpipe1 or esophagus1 it is generally difficult to extract them1 and the services of a surgeon are required4 ,fortunately1 however1 there is not much immediate danger from suffocation in such cases4 ,,drowning4 ,recovery from drowning sometimes occurs when life is apparently extinct4 ,the treatment1 however1 should be immediate and energetic1 and should be given in the open air1 unless the weather be too cold4 ,,treatment4 ,the patient should be gently placed upon the face with his wrists under his forehead4 ,the tongue will then fall forward and the water run out of his mouth and throat1 while the windpipe1 or air-passage1 will be free4 ,to restore respiration1 he should be instantly turned upon his right side1 his nostrils excited with snuff or ammonia1 and cold water dashed upon his face and chest4 ,if this operation prove unsuccessful1 replace the patient upon his face1 care being taken to raise and support his chest1 turn the body gently on the side and quickly again upon the face4 ,alternate these movements about every four seconds1 and occasionally change sides4 ,when the body is turned on the face1 gentle but efficient pressure should be made along the back1 between the shoulder blades1 to assist in forcing the air out of the lungs1 but this pressure ought to be removed before the patient is turned back on his side4 ,persistently repeat this operation1 and success will often be the reward4 ,as soon as respiration is established1 warmth may be promoted by the application of warm flannels to the body and bottles of hot water to the stomach1 armpits1 thighs1 and feet4 ,during the entire process of restoration1 the body should be thoroughly rubbed upwards4 ,turning the body upon the back or handling it roughly should be avoided4 ,the person should not be held up by his feet1 or be rubbed with salt or spirits4 ,rolling the body on a cask is improper1 and injections of the smoke infusion of tobacco are injurious4 ,avoid the constant application of the warm bath1 and do not allow a crowd to surround the body4 ,,fainting4 ,when a person faints1 he should be allowed to remain or be placed in a recumbent posture1 and his clothing immediately loosened4 ,the extremities should be rubbed1 the patient permitted to have plenty of fresh air1 and1 if at hand1 ammonia or camphor should be applied to the nostrils4 ,,burns ,,and ,,scalds4 ,the danger arising from burns and scalds depends not only upon the extent of surface involved1 but also upon the depth of the injury4 ,burns are most dangerous when occurring upon the head1 chest1 or abdomen4 ,,treatment4 ,soothing applications1 and those which will exclude the air1 should be made4 ,grated potato1 poultices of slippery-elm1 sweet oil1 cotton saturated in a mixture composed of two or three grains of carbolic acid and two ounces of glycerine1 and linseed oil and white lead1 are all beneficial for the treatment of burns4 ,if internal treatment be necessary1 it should be given under the direction of a competent physician4 ,,sun-,,stroke4 ,in cases of sun-stroke1 the patient should be at once removed into the shade4 ,if the face is flushed1 apply cold water to the head and neck1 and mustard to the feet4 ,the body should be bathed in tepid water and the head slightly elevated4 ,if the countenance is pale1 the symptoms denote exhaustion1 and the patient should be kept in a recumbent position1 the extremities rubbed1 camphor and ammonia inhaled1 mustard applied to the spine1 and stimulants1 such as brandy or whiskey1 should be administered4 ,,poisons ,,and ,,their ,,antidotes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,poisons4 ,,antidotes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,acids4 ,acetic ,acid4 ,alkalies--carbonate of soda and potash--also ,citric ,acid4 lime and magnesia are antidotes to these ,muriatic ,acid4 poisons4 ,as soon as the acid is neutralized1 ,tartaric ,acid4 mucilaginous teas1 such as flax-seed1 gum arabic1 or slippery-elm1 may be given4 ,sulphuric ,acid ,soap1 in solution1 or magnesia will counteract 7,oil of ,vitriol74 its influence4 ,water should not be given as it causes great heat when mixed with this acid4 ,nitric ,acid ,lime-water1 carbonates of lime and magnesia 7,aqua ,fortis74 in solution1 are the only antidotes4 ,give ,oxalic ,acid4 mucilaginous drinks4 ,carbolic ,acid4 ,there is no special antidote4 ,oil1 glycerine1 milk1 flour and water1 white of eggs1 magnesia1 and flax-seed tea may be used4 ,prussic ,acid4 ,ammonia1 by inhalation or in solution1 may ,laurel ,water4 be used4 ,apply a cold douche to the head4 ,oil of ,bitter ,almonds4 ,these agents are speedily fatal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,alkalies4 ,liquor of ,ammonia4 ,vegetable acids1 such as vinegar1 lemon-juice1 ,water of ,ammonia4 citric and tartaric acids1 neutralize this ,muriate of ,ammonia4 poison4 ,liquor of ,potassa4 ,all the fixed oils1 such as linseed1 castor ,nitrate of ,potassa and sweet oil1 also almonds and melted lard 7,saltpetre74 destroy the caustic effects of these poisons ,carbonate of ,potassa ,mucilaginous drinks may be given4 7,pearlash74 ,salts of ,tartar4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,poisons4 ,,antidotes1 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,iodine4 ,starch1 wheat flour mixed with water1 ,in its whites of eggs1 milk1 and mucilaginous different forms4 drinks are excellent antidotes4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,volatile ,,oils ,,and ,,agents4 ,the same antidotes as in case of poisoning ,creosote with iodine may be used in this1 or the 7,oil of ,smoke74 stomach may be evacuated with an emetic or a ,oil of ,tar4 stomach-pump4 ,oil of ,turpentine4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,a powerful emetic of white vitriol or mustard should be given at once1 cold should be ,,alcohol4 applied to the head1 and the extremities vigorously rubbed4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,antimony ,,and ,,its ,,compounds4 ,if vomiting has not occurred1 induce it by tickling the throat and giving large draughts ,tartar ,emetic of warm water1 after which administer ,butter of ,antimony astringents1 such as infusions of galls1 oak bark1 ,oxide of ,antimony4 ,peruvian bark1 or strong green tea4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,arsenic ,,and ,,its ,,compounds4 ,white ,arsenic4 ,oils1 or fats lard1 melted butter1 or milk ,yellow ,sulphuret of should be given1 then induce vomiting with ,arsenic sulphate of zinc1 sulphate of copper or ,red ,sulphuret of mustard2 fine powdered iron rust or magnesia ,arsenic may be given every five or ten minutes4 ,king's ,yellow4 ,mucilaginous drinks should be given as soon ,fly ,powder4 as the stomach is evacuated4 ,arsenical ,paste4 ,arsenical ,soap4 ,scheele's ,green4 ,paris ,green4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,copper ,,and ,,its ,,compounds4 ,avoid the ,,use of vinegar4 ,give albuminous substances1 such as milk1 whites of eggs1 wheat ,blue ,vitriol flour in water1 or magnesia2 yellow prussiate ,verdigris4 of potash in solution may also be given freely4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,poisons ,,antidotes4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,lead ,,and ,,its ,,compounds4 ,in lead1 or painters' colic purgatives and anodynes may be given1 together ,acetate of ,lead with large doses of iodide of 7,sugar of ,lead7 potassium4 ,white ,lead4 ,red ,lead4 ,litharge4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,mercury ,,and ,,its ,,compounds4 ,albumen in some form should be given2 if the poison is not ,corrosive ,sublimate4 absorbed1 follow with a mustard ,white ,precipitate4 or lobelia emetic4 ,red ,precipitate4 ,calomel4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,acronarcotics4 ,the general treatment indicated for ,ergot this class of poisons1 is to ,black ,hellebore4 evacuate the stomach with a ,veratrum ,viride stomach-pump or an emetic composed 7,american ,hellebore74 of fifteen or twenty grains of ,aconite4 sulphate of zinc or copper1 or large ,foxglove4 doses of mustard1 repeated every ,gelseminum4 quarter of an hour until the full effect is produced4 ,belladonna4 ,morphine1 sassafras1 iodine1 and ,stramonium4 stimulants4 ,nux ,vomica4 ,large doses of camphor1 chloroform1 ,strychnia4 and tobacco1 may all be beneficial4 ,poison ,oak4 ,muriate of ammonia1 in solution1 may ,poison ,vine4 be applied externally1 and from ten to fifteen grains given internally2 soda is also useful4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,narcotics ,white ,henbane4 ,sassafras may be used as an antidote ,opium4 for henbane4 ,belladonna is an antidote of opium2 cold water should also be applied to the head of the patient1 and the extremities should be well rubbed4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,animal ,,poisons4 ,excite vomiting by drinking sweet oil4 ,sugar and water1 milk1 or ,spanish ,fly4 linseed tea in large quantities1 and ,potato ,fly4 emollient injections are valuable4 ,,posterior ,,spinal ,,curvature4 7,,humpback47 ,posterior curvature of the spine1 sometimes known as ,pott's ,disease1 occurs most frequently in children1 and is generally developed before the seventh year4 ,children of a scrofulous diathesis are especially liable to this affection4 ,it is generally due to disease of the inter-vertebral cartilages and bodies of the vertebr4 ,it comes on in a slow1 insidious manner1 hence1 it often makes serious inroads upon the spine and system before its character is even suspected4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,the above portion of the spinal column shows the manner of the breaking down of the vertebr from caries1 and the absorption of their bony structure4 ,generally the first point of invasion is the cartilaginous substances between the bodies of the vertebr1 beginning with inflammation1 and finally resulting in ulceration and a breaking-down of the cartilages4 ,it next invades the vertebr themselves1 and producing caries1 or death and decay of the bony substance1 which softens and wastes away1 as shown in ,fig4 #a4 ,the vertebr become softened and broken down1 and weight of the body pressing them together produces the deformity known as humpback4 7,see ,fig4 #b and ,fig4 #c47 ,,symptoms4 ,among the various symptoms present in the earlier stages of the disease1 and during its progress1 we deem it necessary to mention only a few of the more prominent ones4 ,while the patient is yet able to go around1 the disease manifests itself by occasional pain in the bowels1 stomach1 and chest4 ,often there is a hacking cough1 nervousness1 lassitude1 and a generally enfeebled condition of the whole system4 ,the patient is easily fatigued2 there is apparent loss of vitality1 impaired appetite1 a feeling of tightness across the stomach and chest1 gradually declining health1 and loss of flesh and strength1 torpidity of the liver1 deficient secretions1 constipation1 and morbid excretions from the kidneys4 ,the victim1 in passing chairs1 tables1 and other objects1 instinctively places his hands upon them1 and1 as the disease progresses1 when standing1 leans upon some support whenever possible4 ,in walking1 he moves very carefully and cautiously1 with elbows thrown back and chest forward1 to assist the body in keeping its equilibrium4 ,the body being kept in an upright position1 the patient bends the knees rather than the back in stooping1 as illustrated in ,fig4 #e1 and the body is frequently supported by the hands being placed upon the thighs or knees4 ,sudden movements or shocks cause more or less pain4 ,the development of the disease then becomes rapid2 suffering increases1 and pain about the joints and lower extremities and muscles of the posterior part of the pelvis is experienced2 numbness and coldness of the extremities are felt2 locomotion becomes more difficult1 and a slight projection is observed upon the back4 ,even in this somewhat advanced stage of the disease1 when the symptoms are so apparent1 many cases are shamefully neglected because an ignorant adviser says it is nothing serious and that the patient will outgrow it4 ,the pain and tenderness not always being in the back1 the inexperienced are very often misled as to the true character of the trouble4 ,this distortion or deformity of the back now becomes painfully prominent2 the diseased vertebr quickly soften and waste away2 the pressure upon the spinal cord increases1 and paralysis of the limbs supervenes2 the power of locomotion is lost1 and1 at last1 the danger is realized and the struggle for life begins4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,thus1 through ignorance1 neglect1 and improper treatment1 the poor1 helpless victim is doomed to a life of hideous deformity and suffering4 ,we would1 therefore1 urge upon parents whose children are afflicted with this terrible disease1 the great importance of placing them under the care of surgeons who have for many years made the treatment of such cases a specialty1 and who have every facility and all necessary surgical appliances for insuring success in every case undertaken4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,appearance of a child suffering from ,pott's disease of the spine4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,mode of stooping adopted by a child suffering from spinal disease4 ,,treatment4 ,the great essentials for the successful treatment of disease and deformities of the spine are first1 a thorough knowledge of the structure and parts involved by the disease2 secondly1 the adjustment of mechanical appliances perfectly adapted to the requirements and necessities of each individual case1 and the proper use of our system of vitalization1 applied to the spinal muscles to strengthen the weaker and relieve the undue contraction of the stronger4 ,for many years our specialists have experimented1 and have given the various appliances in common use in these cases most thorough and practical tests1 and have found them very defective1 being generally constructed upon wrong principles4 ,the physician who sends to a mechanic for an appliance1 such as are now made in the shops of most instrument makers1 and uses the same1 is doing himself an injustice1 and barbarously torturing his patient by forcing him to wear an apparatus which is heavy1 clumsy1 and inevitably injurious1 instead of being beneficial in its results4 ,in the treatment of diseases and deformities of the spine1 there should be no compromising2 the appliance that fails to give complete support should not be worn4 ,in our treatment of these maladies we employ only appliances which are constructed under the personal supervision of our specialists1 upon principles dictated by common sense and the actual necessities of the case4 ,we do not confine the body in an iron jacket4 ,our apparatus is light1 yet durable1 and is worn by the most delicate children without pain or inconvenience4 ,it gives proper support to all parts1 and is so nicely adjusted as to produce pressure only upon those points which should receive support1 leaving the muscles of the spine freedom of action1 thereby assisting in their development4 ,in many hundreds of cases treated by our specialists1 the disease has been entirely cured and the deformity removed4 ,after seeing the patients and adjusting the appliances1 they can generally be treated at their homes4 ,,lateral ,,curvature ,,of ,,the ,,spine4 7,,crooked ,,back47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,lateral curvature of the spine4 ,e to ,f1 the primary curve4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,a mild case of lateral curvature of the spine4 ,this deformity appears more frequently in anmic persons1 in whom the flexibility and elasticity of the muscles are weakened1 than in those of a plethoric habit4 ,it is generally contracted during youth1 between the ages of twelve and eighteen4 ,persons of sedentary and indolent habits are especially liable to this deformity1 hence1 girls are most frequently its victims4 ,it is never seen among the natives of tropical countries who habitually live in the open air1 and seldom among the barbarous races of northern latitudes4 ,a distinguishing feature of the ,american ,indian is his erect carriage4 ,the primary curvature is generally toward the right side1 as represented in ,figs4 #f and #g4 ,figs4 #h and #i show the disease in a more advanced stage4 ,the ribs are thus forced into an unnatural position1 and the vital organs contained in the cavity of the chest are compressed or displaced1 thus distorting the form of the whole upper portion of the body4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,lateral curvature in an advanced stage4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,lateral curvature in an advanced stage4 ,,symptoms4 ,the first indication of lateral curvature of the spine is a marked projection of the right scapula1 or shoulder-blade4 ,it is sometimes first observed by the dressmaker1 or1 accidentally1 while bathing4 ,the right shoulder is slightly elevated1 while the left hip is depressed and projects upward4 ,if not corrected while in its earlier stages1 it progresses very rapidly1 and a second curvature is developed4 ,the symptoms vary in different cases1 and in the early stages are somewhat obscure and undefined1 but generally the patient feels a sense of uneasiness1 languor1 stupor1 and nervousness1 loss of energy and ambition1 general debility1 poor appetite1 gradually declining health1 loss of strength and flesh1 and1 as the disease progresses1 a slight elevation of one of the shoulder-blades is noticed1 as well as the deviation of the spine to one side4 ,the curve1 or distortion1 of the spine increases more rapidly as the body becomes heavier1 the spine often assuming the shape of the letter ,s1 and1 from compression by torsion of the vertebr and distortion of the ribs1 the vital organs are encroached upon1 causing serious functional derangement of the heart1 lungs1 liver1 and stomach1 producing1 as its inevitable consequence a list of maladies fearful to contemplate4 ,,causes4 ,in rare instances1 the lateral curvature of the spine is due to defects of certain bones of the pelvis or limbs4 ,cases are recorded in which this deformity was caused by diseases of the abdominal organs1 but1 as we have intimated1 it is generally due to a lack of tonicity of the muscles1 or1 as a late writer has expressed it1 ,want of correspondence in the antagonism of those muscles which control the motions of the spinal column4 ,habitual sitting or standing in a leaning posture1 or standing upon one foot1 thus constantly using one set of the muscles of the back1 while the other becomes enfeebled by the lack of exercise1 is a common cause of this deformity4 ,the habit which so many school-girls contract of drawing up one foot under the body while sitting1 often produces a lateral curvature of the spine4 ,,treatment4 ,no disease or deformity of the spine is so easily cured and perfectly corrected1 if the proper plan of treatment is pursued4 ,to correct this deformity1 many ingenious forms of apparatus have been devised and invented by our specialists1 which should be carefully adjusted to each individual case4 ,in addition to this1 our method of treatment by vitalization1 and by mechanical movements and manipulations1 is almost indispensable in these cases4 ,it never fails to give relief1 and1 if properly pursued1 invariably results in a permanent cure4 ,,deformed ,,feet1 ,,hands ,,and ,,limbs4 ,there are thousands whose feet1 hands1 and limbs are almost entirely useless1 besides having an unsightly appearance4 ,their condition has been helpless so long1 their treatment so varied1 and their hopes of relief or cure have been so often disappointed1 that few can believe the truth of our statement1 when we positively assert that we can correct and cure nearly all cases of talipes1 club1 or crooked feet and deformed hands1 and make them as perfect in appearance1 and as useful in action1 as feet and hands which have never been deformed4 ,while this may seem miraculous1 or even impossible1 to those who are unacquainted with the wonderful improvements and rapid progress made in this department of surgical science1 it is attested and verified by living witnesses whose feet and hands were once deformed and useless1 but which have been made perfect by our new and improved method of treatment4 ,we do not make these statements in a spirit of vain boastfulness1 but having devoted many years to improving and perfecting surgical appliances and apparatus1 and having had practical experience in the successful treatment of thousands of cases1 we do say that our manner of treatment is original and employed only by us4 ,we entirely ignore the ineffectual methods usually employed in such cases4 ,our treatment causes no pain1 and little inconvenience1 yet the curative results are speedy and certain1 and a hundredfold more satisfactory than those obtained by any other course4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,talipes ,equinus4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,talipes ,calcaneus4 ,we have most thoroughly tested all the best forms of treatment heretofore devised and employed in this class of diseases1 and have adopted the best features of all the various methods heretofore pursued4 ,we have combined these with our own improvements and1 as the result1 we have perfected a thorough and efficient system of treatment1 based upon scientific principles4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,talipes ,valgus4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,double ,club-foot4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,bow-legs4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,knock-knees4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,the above illustrations represent various ,deformities cured by our ,specialists at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mechanical ,,aids ,,in ,,the ,,treatments ,,of ,,chronic ,,diseases4 ,we have1 in different parts of this work1 referred to a large variety of ingeniously devised machinery and apparatus employed at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in the treatment of chronic diseases4 ,although we can1 on paper1 give but a meagre idea of the variety and adaptability of these valuable mechanical appliances1 yet we will endeavor to illustrate and explain a few of our machines for the application of transmitted motion4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,the ,manipulator4 ,fig4 #a represents a machine1 called the ,manipulator1 which transmits motion through suitable attachments1 which are adjustable by means of the ratchet ,g1 so as to reach all parts of the body4 ,it is equally available for applying motion to the head1 feet1 or any intermediate part of the body4 ,b1 ,b are rubbing attachments1 with two opposing elastic1 adherent surfaces1 between which an arm or a leg may be included4 ,these have alternate reciprocating action from the rock-shaft ,h1 and are made to approach each other1 and press the included part at the will of the patient4 ,this is sometimes called the double-rubber1 and is made detachable if desired4 ,a is the lever1 by which the two parts of the double-rubber are made to compress the arm or leg4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,manipulator ,extended4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,manipulator ,folded4 ,d is a single attachment for rubbing4 ,it may be connected at either side of the machine1 so as to present the rubbing surface in four different directions1 as may be most convenient4 ,it will act perpendicularly1 horizontally1 or diagonally1 and from below or from above the part receiving the action1 according to requirements4 ,the shank of the rubber may have any special form to suit special cases4 ,c is the foot holder4 ,it communicates to the leg the semi-rotary or oscillating motion of the rock-shaft4 ,it may be attached to either end of the rock-shaft4 ,e is the hand holder1 which1 grasped by the hand1 communicates motion to the arm1 shoulder1 and chest2 or the hand may be inserted passively1 when the effect of motion is more confined to the hand and fore-arm4 ,in the position shown in ,fig4 #b1 by means of the single rubber attachment1 the manipulator acts upon the upper portion of the trunk1 neck1 head1 and arms2 by means of the hand-holder1 upon the arms2 by means of the double-rubber1 upon the arms1 shoulders1 and scalp4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,rubbing the ,arms4 ,when the acting part or head is lowered to its extreme limit1 the machine occupies the least space4 ,in this position1 by means of the foot-holder it communicates oscillation to the legs2 by means of the single-rubber1 it acts upon the feet1 ankles1 and lower leg2 by means of the double-rubber1 it acts upon the legs1 including the feet1 the patient either sitting or lying4 ,in all of these applications of motion1 energy travels from inanimate to animate matter2 non-vital contributes to vital energy3 and the various processes through which vital power is developed are promoted and carried forward in a degree till the point which constitutes health is attained4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,rubbing the ,legs4 ,the name1 ,manipulator1 is very naturally applied to the instrument1 the action of which resembles so much that of the living operator4 ,it is1 however1 impossible for the unaided hand to impart the degree of rapidity necessary to secure the effects easily attained by this machine2 and1 practically1 restoration is often secured in cases in which it is quite unattainable by any other remedial agent4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,rubbing the ,chest and ,abdomen4 ,motion1 transmitted by the manipulator1 exerts a curative effect in all chronic affections1 and is not limited1 as is sometimes supposed1 to paralytic affections and deformities4 ,in these latter affections it is a great assistance in effecting a cure2 while1 in chronic affections1 whatever the local symptoms1 it supplies the additional energy which is indispensable for recovery in all diseases of long standing4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,rubbing the ,back4 ,mode of ,operation4--,fig4 #d represents the manipulator in operation4 ,the machine is propelled by steam power at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 but may be worked by hand1 as here represented4 ,one arm is inserted between the double-rubbing pads1 which are raised to about the height of the shoulders1 the patient being seated at the side of the machine2 the other hand is placed on the lever1 and as much pressure is applied as is perfectly agreeable1 care being taken to diminish the pressure at any part which is unusually sensitive4 ,all portions of the arm from the shoulder down are successively included in the rubbers1 while a suitable degree of reciprocating or rubbing action is obtained by giving motion to the wheel4 ,to apply the same operation to the other arm1 the patient may either turn in his seat or change his position to the opposite side of the machine4 ,if any portion of the extremity is affected with inflammation or swelling1 it is necessary to apply the action described to the whole of the unaffected portion first2 after this the affected part may be beneficially operated on1 provided that the sensations are strictly heeded1 and that it is so managed that only a comfortable feeling is produced4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,oscillating the ,arms and ,chest4 ,in ,fig4 #e1 the patient is so seated beside the machine that he can insert one thigh between the pads of the rubber1 and also control the lever with the hand4 ,it is sometimes more convenient to suspend a movable weight from the lever4 ,while the machine is running1 he can withdraw the leg gradually1 as each portion receives its proper amount of action1 till the whole1 including the foot1 becomes glowing with the effect4 ,the boot or shoe affords no impediment to the effect1 and should remain on4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,oscillating the ,legs4 ,sometimes1 especially in the beginning1 or when the feet are habitually cold1 it is better to apply the action only from the knees down4 ,the rubbing-pad 7d7 may be attached to either side of the machine1 according to convenience or effect sought4 ,the action derived from the right end of the rock-shaft is much less severe than that from the left1 on account of the shape of the rubber appendage1 and at the beginning should be used in preference4 ,in ,fig4 #f1 the patient sits on an ordinary stool1 or1 if feeble1 in a chair1 and presents any portion of the chest or abdomen to the action of the rubber4 ,the instrument is raised or lowered to suit convenience1 while the patient gently presses portions of the trunk successively upon the rubbing-pad4 ,the degree of the effect is thus always under the absolute control of the one receiving the action4 ,this operation1 like the preceding1 produces great heat1 reddens the skin1 relieves pain1 and greatly stimulates the functions1 not only of the skin1 but of the organs contained in the cavities of the chest and the abdomen4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,vibrator operated by ,manipulator4 ,the same operation may be applied also to the legs while the patient is standing4 ,in ,fig4 #g1 the back is presented to the action of the rubbing-pad4 ,the action will1 if desired1 be made to reach from the neck to the hips1 and even to the thighs4 ,all sensitive portions of the back should at first be omitted1 in order that they may be benefited by the counter-irritation or drawing away of the blood4 ,this is easily produced by those familiar with the use of the machine4 ,the rubbing of the back should be deferred till the close of each application1 in order that the spinal centers may be relieved of hyperaemia1 or excess of blood4 ,the machine1 as represented by ,fig4 #h1 is brought to the desired elevation1 about as high as the shoulders1 and the hand-holder is attached4 ,one arm is extended horizontally1 and the hand grasps the hand-holder1 while rapid motion is given by turning the wheel4 ,an alternate twisting motion is communicated to the arm1 which causes corresponding pressure and relaxation of all the soft tissues of the limb1 combined with slight rubbing or attrition4 ,the action is increased by contracting the muscles1 and also by grasping at greater distance from the center4 ,both hands may grasp at the same time1 or the two sides may receive the motion in turn4 ,the effect is similar to that of the rubbing before described1 but it is less limited2 by grasping firmly1 it may extend to the whole chest4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,vibrating ,kneader4 ,the foot-holder is attached1 as shown in ,fig4 #i1 and brought by the means before described to a position to receive one foot at a comfortable elevation1 the leg being extended1 while the patient is seated in an ordinary chair in an easy position4 ,the action is precisely like that above described as applied to the arm1 and extends to the thigh and pelvis4 ,if the knee is slightly flexed1 the action is almost entirely confined to the lower leg4 ,each leg may be operated on in turn4 ,mode of ,applying ,mechanical ,movements to ,very ,feeble ,invalids4--,experience demonstrates that no degree of feebleness excludes the beneficial use of these operations4 ,invalids too weak to stand1 or able to help themselves in the least degree are often treated with perfect success4 ,a judicious use of the ,manipulator always increases nutrition and strength without any fatigue or exhaustion1 however feeble the patient may be4 ,it is only necessary to provide for these cases additional conveniences1 so that the applications can be made in the recumbent position1 and also that proper intervals of rest be allowed between successive operations4 ,for this purpose couches are provided1 each containing a certain portion of the ,manipulator4 ,these are operated by means of a short connecting-rod1 joining the rock-shafts of the two pieces of mechanism1 as shown in ,fig4 #aj4 ,the ,vibrator has two small discs1 or heads acting through an opening in the couch on which the invalid rests4 ,these impinge with a rapid1 direct stroke upon the portion of the body exposed to the action4 ,the top of the couch is adjustable1 and is quickly placed at the elevation which secures the proper force of the instrument1 as shown in ,fig #aa4 ,by simply turning and moving the body1 the patient brings any part in contact with the vibrating discs4 ,the cut represents the ,vibrator1 in which the force impinges at right angles with the surface of the body1 sending waves of motion through its substance4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,apparatus for the ,rubbing in a ,recumbent ,position4 ,the rubbing which is shown in ,figs4 #d and #e may be applied to all parts of the body in a recumbent position4 ,a couch is required of similar construction to the vibrating couch1 but with a rubbing-pad instead of vibrating heads acting through the opening and operated by appropriate connections1 as shown in ,fig4 #ab4 ,the top is adjustable1 and the degree of effect desired is capable of easy regulation4 ,the patient turns different portions of the body to the action of the rubber as required4 ,,kneading4 ,kneading is a process applied chiefly to the abdomen4 ,the purpose of this operation is to increase nutrition1 the muscular power and action of the abdominal walls1 and the function of the organs which they contain4 ,three modes of applying this operation by the mechanical apparatus are in use1 effected by the ,direct1 the ,rotary1 and the ,revolving ,kneader4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,apparatus for ,rotary ,kneading4 ,,the ,,direct ,,kneader4 ,this resembles in form and action the vibrating instrument shown in ,fig4 #aa4 ,the impinging heads1 however1 are made broader1 the motion greater in extent1 and the rate of motion less than one-tenth of that employed for the purpose of vibrating4 ,this slowness of motion seems to increase the action of the muscles4 ,,the ,,rotary ,,kneader4 ,the action of the kneading heads in this form of apparatus1 as shown in ,fig4 #ac1 is inward and upward alternately1 and it is eminently well calculated to stimulate the action of the abdominal organs4 ,,the ,,revolving ,,kneader4 ,in the form of kneading apparatus1 shown in ,fig4 #ad1 two thick rollers1 which move freely on axes at the extremities of arms1 projecting on either side of a shaft turned by a crank or belt1 are made to act alternately upon each side of the abdomen4 ,in the methods of kneading above described1 the degree of force acting on the body is governed by an arrangement for elevating or depressing the upholstered top of the couch upon which the patient rests1 and through which the action is transmitted to the body4 ,if this form of apparatus is driven at a rate ten times more rapidly than is desired for kneading1 the effect is vibratory1 and it is1 in fact1 used for that purpose4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,apparatus for ,kneading with ,rollers4 ,,the ,,cure ,,of ,,swellings ,,and ,,tumors4 ,the application of motion through the ,manipulator promotes absorption1 and thus all kinds of swellings and non-malignant tumors are made to diminish under its use4 ,in these cases the vessels of the affected part are distended with stagnant blood1 and a portion of the fluid passes through their walls1 distending the surrounding tissues1 which become more or less hardened4 ,by the transmission of active motion to the affected parts1 the contents of the vessels are urged forward2 the outside fluids are thus permitted to return to the general circulation and become subject to the energetic vital action of the general system1 local deficiencies of oxidation being increased to the normal degree1 causing destruction of morbid matter and giving place for new and wholesome nutritive materials for vital use4 ,in short1 normal functional activity is established1 both locally and generally4 ,scrofulous1 dropsical1 rheumatic1 and other local accumulations disappear1 and even tumors are dispersed1 by the use of the ,manipulator1 in cases in which the knife would otherwise be required4 ,,counter-,,irritation ,,and ,,revulsion4 ,artificial means have always been employed to produce an energetic flow of blood in different parts of the body1 thereby relieving morbid distention of the vessels1 and consequent irritation and pain in neighboring parts4 ,cupping1 hot applications1 mustard1 capsicum1 blisters1 and other irritants1 are resorted to1 but their effects1 while generally very good in acute cases1 are too transient to be of material aid in chronic affections4 ,by the use of the ,manipulator1 we can produce the most thorough revulsive effects1 operating upon large surfaces1 and causing large masses of muscle to receive an increased amount of blood1 thus drawing it away from parts oppressed by too great a supply1 constituting engorgement4 ,no injury is done to the parts acted upon2 on the contrary1 they are strengthened by the application1 which can be repeated as often as necessary till relief is permanent4 ,thus1 the head1 heart1 digestive organs1 liver1 chest1 or whatever part is oppressed by excess of blood1 may be speedily and permanently relieved4 ,by means of this ability to relieve any part of the system from engorgement1 and consequent inflammation and its results1 are we enabled to permanently cure a large variety of chronic inflammatory1 ulcerative1 and nervous affections4 ,local inflammations by this method of treatment may be speedily cured4 ,,cure ,,of ,,neuralgia4 ,by the transmission of motion through the ,manipulator and other ingeniously devised apparatus and machinery1 we increase the functional power and activity of the muscles1 and thereby diminish morbid sensibility of the nerves1 which is present in neuralgia4 ,prolonged and excessive nervous action is attended with too great a rush of blood to the nerve-centers1 which can only be relieved by increasing the flow in the muscles4 ,congestion1 or hyperaemia1 in the spinal cord or brain1 or both1 is a condition ever present in neuralgia4 ,the application of motion through the manipulator causes the blood to flow to the muscles1 thus relieving nervous congestion and consequent neuralgia4 ,,cure ,,of ,,paralysis4 ,in no single disease has the transmission of motion through the ,manipulator proved more thoroughly efficacious than in paralysis4 ,the most prominent requirements in these cases seem to be the following3 ,excess of blood in the brain and spinal cord needs to be removed and diverted to parts in which it will be useful instead of obstructive4 ,the contractile power of the capillaries should be improved4 ,the quality of nutritive fluids should be improved by the promotion of oxidation through increased circulation4 ,these and many more wants of disordered nerves1 are readily supplied by transmitted motion4 ,the ,manipulator combines1 in a single ingenious mechanical contrivance1 the several movements best adapted for the promotion of healthy functional activity4 ,,cure ,,of ,,deformities4 ,deformities arising from paralysis and contractions of muscles and tendons1 producing stiffened joints and distorted limbs1 are of common occurrence4 ,a rational explanation of the wonderful curative results which follow the employment of transmitted motion in these cases may not be without interest to the reader4 ,the muscles are composed of bundles of little fibers which glide upon one another in every movement4 ,another set of fibers called connective tissue1 holds the fibers together in bundles or separate muscles1 and interlaces and crosses them in every direction4 ,now1 if these fibers remain long in a fixed position1 or are involved in inflammation1 there is danger of adhesions forming between them1 producing permanent immobility2 gliding movements are interfered with1 and the muscle ceases to perform its function4 ,inflammation gives rise to effusion1 or the formation of a kind of cement which binds together the muscular fibers and prevents motion4 ,rubbing1 kneading1 and actively manipulating the affected parts with that intensity of administration secured by the manipulator1 rends asunder and breaks up these minute adhesions1 re-establishing gliding motions1 causes absorption of effused materials1 and restores the affected part to a normal condition4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,muscular fibre highly magnified4 ,the deformed limb is straightened by the filling out of the muscle-cells1 and increasing the length and also the nutrition of the affected muscles4 ,no pulling or forced extension is required4 ,deformity ceases when the conditions upon which it depends are removed by rational appliances1 which are always agreeable4 ,no brace1 splints1 or other confining appliances are necessary1 except in rare cases in which the bones are very badly distorted4 ,in withered and deformed limbs1 resulting from infantile paralysis1 the manipulator furnishes the most agreeable1 direct1 and certain remedy4 ,it restores nutrition1 sensation1 and power1 and dispenses almost wholly with mechanical supports4 ,club-feet1 wry neck1 spinal curvature1 hip-joint disease1 white swellings1 and stiffened joints1 are all readily amendable to the curative effects of motion administered by the manipulator and other machinery4 ,contracted and shortened muscles are gradually lengthened by vigorous1 long-continued1 and frequently repeated rubbing with the manipulator across their longitudinal fibers2 bound-down and confined tendons are liberated and normal movements established4 ,,diseases ,,of ,,women4 ,uterine and ovarian congestion1 chronic inflammation1 discharges1 morbid enlargement1 prolapsus1 anteversion and retroversion1 anteflexion and retroflexion1 and other derangements of the womb and its appendages1 are radically cured by the vibratory1 rubbing1 kneading1 and other movements1 administered through the manipulator and other mechanical appliances employed at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,to those who are tired of taking medicine1 this mode of treatment commends itself as being both agreeable and efficient4 ,there is no case too weak1 nervous1 or helpless for the use of this curative agent4 ,it is entirely devoid of objectionable features1 being always applied outside the clothing4 ,,cause ,,of ,,female ,,weakness4 ,the true relations of cause and effect are very liable to be misunderstood1 when considering the various diseases incident to the organs contained in the female pelvis4 ,treatment intended to be remedial is therefore very often misdirected and fails to afford relief1 positive injury frequently resulting instead4 ,when the nature of these diseases is properly understood1 their cure can be effected with comparative ease4 ,these diseases are always attended with weakness1 which is often very great1 of the muscles that hold the diseased organs in position4 ,the muscles forming the walls of the abdomen1 and the diaphragm1 or midriff1 all of which are concerned in the act of respiration1 become feeble and only partially perform their functions4 ,in health1 they act constantly1 even during sleep1 producing a rhythmical movement1 which is communicated to the contents of the abdominal and pelvic cavities4 ,this motion promotes a healthy circulation in the parts4 ,in almost all affections of the pelvic organs1 this normal condition is greatly diminished4 ,diminution of the motions of respiration is attended with an increase of the amount of the blood in the pelvic organs1 constituting an engorgement of the parts1 called congestion1 or inflammation4 ,this gives rise to enlargement of the womb1 ulcerations1 tumors1 and a multitude of kindred secondary effects1 usually considered as the primary disease and treated as such4 ,the contents of the cavity of the trunk1 weighing several pounds1 are allowed to gravitate down and rest upon the contents of the pelvis1 forcing the congested uterus and ovaries down out of their natural positions1 and often bending or tipping the womb in various directions4 ,a long list of symptoms follows as the natural consequence of these abnormal conditions4 ,,rational ,,treatment4 ,ovarian congestion and inflammation1 inflammation of the uterus1 ulceration of this organ1 deranged menstruation1 leucorrhea with the attendant pain1 nervousness1 and other derangements depending upon loss of supporting power in the abdominal muscles1 all result from loss of the natural motions of respiration1 and consequent deranged circulation4 ,these several conditions can be cured by removing their cause4 ,when the power of the parts involved in the weakness is restored1 all these morbid conditions disappear4 ,judicious cultivation of power in the weakened supports is attended with certain curative results4 ,this is best accomplished by mechanical motion1 by which the normal circulation is restored1 inflammations and congestions are subdued1 displacements corrected1 ulcers healed1 and functional activity is re-established4 ,,recapitulation4 ,motion properly transmitted to the human system by mechanical apparatus is transformed into other forms of force identical with vital energy1 by which the ordinary processes of the system are greatly promoted4 ,it increases animal heat and nervous and muscular power to the normal standard4 ,it removes engorgement or local impediments to the circulation4 ,the electrical induction produced renders it a most efficacious remedy for paralysis of all kinds4 ,it removes interstitial fluids and causes rapid absorption and disappearance of solid and fluid accumulations4 ,it is a powerful alterative1 or blood-purifier1 increasing oxidation and stimulating excretion4 ,it diminishes chronic nervous irritability and promotes sleep4 ,deformities are easily cured without the cutting of tendons1 or use of mechanical supports4 ,it hardens the flesh by increasing muscular development and improves digestion and nutrition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association ,,incorporated ,,under ,,statute ,,enacted ,,by ,,the ,,legislature ,,of ,,new ,,york4 ,illustration ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 having acquired a world-wide reputation in the treatment of ,chronic ,diseases1 resulting in a professional business far exceeding his individual ability to conduct1 some years ago induced several medical gentlemen of high professional standing to associate themselves with him1 as the ,faculty of the ,world's ,dispensary and ,surgical ,institute1 the ,consulting ,department of which has since been merged into the ,invalids' ,hotel4 ,the organization is duly incorporated under a statute enacted by the ,legislature of the ,state of ,new ,york1 and under the name and style of the ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 of which ,dr4 ,,pierce is ,president1 and in the affairs of which he will1 as heretofore1 take an active and constant part4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,european ,,branch1 ,,no4 #c ,,new ,,oxford ,,street1 ,,london1 ,,eng4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,important ,,announcement4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4,,pierce1 having in the ,fall of #ahhj resigned his seat in ,congress1 has since been able to devote his whole time and attention to the interests of the ,association1 and those consulting our ,medical and ,surgical ,faculty have the full benefits of his council and professional services4 ,that he should prefer to give up a high and honorable position in the councils of the nation1 to serve the sick1 is conclusive evidence of his devotion to their interests and of love for his profession4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,a ,,model ,,sanitarium ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute4 ,,not ,a ,,hospital1 ,,but ,a ,,pleasant ,,remedial ,,home1 ,,organized ,,with ,a ,,full ,,staff ,,of ,,eighteen ,,physicians ,,and ,,surgeons ,,and ,,exclusively ,,devoted ,,to ,,the ,,treatment ,,of ,,all ,,chronic ,,diseases4 ,this imposing ,establishment was designed and erected to accommodate the large number of invalids who visit ,buffalo from every ,state and ,territory1 as well as from many foreign lands1 that they may avail themselves of the professional services of the ,staff of ,skilled ,specialists in ,medicine and ,surgery that compose the ,faculty of this widely-celebrated institution4 ,,destroyed ,,by ,,fire4 ,on the sixteenth of ,february #ahha1 the original ,invalids' ,hotel was totally destroyed by fire4 ,although occupied at the time by a large number of invalids1 yet1 through the extraordinary exertions of the ,faculty and employees1 all were safely removed from the building without injury to any one4 ,the ,board of ,trustees took prompt steps to rebuild1 for the accommodation of the many sufferers who apply1 to avail themselves of the skill1 facilities and advantages of treatment which such a perfectly equipped establishment affords4 ,profiting by the experience afforded by several years' occupancy of the original ,invalids' ,hotel building1 which at the date of its erection was the largest and most complete establishment of its kind in the world1 we believe we have1 in the building of the elegant structure illustrated herein1 made great improvements over the original ,invalids' ,hotel1 for the accommodation of our patients4 ,although our new building has only been occupied about two years1 yet almost immediately our business required the erection of a very large addition thereto1 to accommodate our growing practice4 ,this large ,annex1 which is about the size of the original building1 has ever since been kept well filled with patients1 hailing from every ,state and ,territory of the ,united ,states1 ,canada and occasionally from a foreign country1 ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute ,,is ,,pleasantly ,,situated ,,at ,,no4 #ffc ,,main ,,street1 in the city of ,buffalo1 just above and outside the business and bustle of this ,queen ,city of the ,lakes4 ,it is easily reached from the railroad depots by the ,exchange and ,main ,street car lines 7see map on last page of this book74 ,it is a substantially built brick building1 trimmed with sandstone1 well lighted and provided with a patent hydraulic elevator1 so that its upper stories are quite as desirable as any1 being more quiet than those lower down4 ,it is well provided with fire escapes1 and1 in fact1 nothing has been neglected that can add to the comfort and home-like make-up of this popular national resort for the invalid and afflicted4 ,great pains and expense have been assumed in providing perfect ventilation for every room and part of the building4 ,illustration3 ,grand ,entrance4 ,illustration3 ,ante-room4--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,the surroundings of the ,hotel are very pleasant1 it being located in the finest built part of the city1 among the most elegant residences4 ,,staff ,,of ,,physicians ,,and ,,surgeons4 ,only men who are1 by thorough education and experience1 especially fitted to fill their respective positions1 have been chosen to serve as physicians and surgeons in this institution4 ,after having spent a very large sum of money in erecting and furnishing this national resort for invalids with every requirement and facility for the successful treatment of all classes of chronic diseases1 it is the determination of the ,board of ,directors that the ,faculty of ,physicians and ,surgeons shall be superior in culture1 experience and skill4 ,we have not the space to speak1 individually1 of the eighteen professional gentlemen composing the ,faculty1 but will say that among them are those whose long connection with the ,world's ,dispensary and ,surgical ,institute has given them great experience and rendered them experts in their specialties4 ,several of them had previously distinguished themselves in both private and hospital practice1 had held important chairs as lecturers and teachers in ,medical ,colleges1 and had filled responsible positions in military and civil hospitals2 also in some of the most noted ,asylums1 ,dispensaries1 and ,sanitary ,institutions in the land4 ,with such a staff of ,physicians and ,surgeons1 efficient and trained nurses1 and with all the most approved sanitary1 medical and surgical appliances which study1 experience1 invention and the most liberal expenditure of money1 can produce and bring together in one institution1 the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute affords the afflicted unusual opportunities for relief4 ,,the ,,grand ,,entrance4 ,the entrance to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute is covered by a lofty porch of beautiful design1 the roof of which is supported upon heavy iron columns4 ,above the massive double doors1 through which the visitor enters1 are large1 heavy panels of beautifully wrought stained glass1 on which the words ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute stand out conspicuously4 ,illustration3 ,gentlemen's ,reception-room1 ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,first ,,floor4 ,the first floor of the building is reached through a beautifully finished vestibule1 by a short flight of broad1 easy stairs1 and once inside the visitor is struck by the beauty of design as well as by the home-like appearance of the surroundings4 ,the wood-work is mainly of hard woods1 oak and cherry predominating4 ,in a large part of the house the floors are of oak1 with a cherry border1 neatly finished in oil and shellac1 and covered with rich rugs and elegant carpets of the very best quality4 ,illustration3 ,ladies' ,parlor4--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,on the first floor is the gentlemen's reception-room1 which is thronged with patients from early in the morning until late in the afternoon4 ,it is entirely distinct from the large reception-room and parlors for lady patients1 and the utmost privacy is secured throughout the whole arrangement of the ,institution4 ,on this floor are the suites of offices1 parlors1 and private consultation-rooms1 some fifteen in all2 also a well furnished reading-room and circulating library1 for the use of the inmates of the ,institution4 ,on all sides are beautifully frescoed walls adorned with numerous choice engravings and other pictures4 ,all the rooms throughout the house are furnished in the best of style1 and in a manner to afford the utmost comfort and cheerfulness of surroundings for the sick and afflicted who seek this remedial resort4 ,the ,turkish and other baths are elegantly fitted up on the first floor1 opposite the reading-room4 ,,the ,,upper ,,floors4 ,above the first1 or main floor1 the building is divided into separate rooms and suites of rooms for the accommodation of patients4 ,all are well lighted1 have high ceilings1 and are cheerful and well ventilated apartments4 ,on the second floor is the large medical library and medical council-room1 for the exclusive use of the ,faculty1 also the museum-room1 which contains a large and valuable collection of anatomical and morbid specimens1 many of them being obtained from cases treated in this ,institution4 ,on this floor are also suites of rooms1 occupied by the ,bureau of ,medical ,correspondence1 wherein from ten to twelve physicians1 each supplied with the improved graphophone1 are constantly employed in attending to the vast correspondence received from invalids residing in all parts of the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,every important case receives the careful consideration of a council composed of from three to five of these expert specialists1 before being finally passed upon and prescribed for4 ,illustration3 ,library and ,reading-room--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,on ,,the ,,third ,,floor are the large treatment-rooms1 supplied with all the apparatus and appliances for the successful management of every chronic malady incident to humanity4 ,electrical apparatus of the latest and most approved kinds1 some of it driven and operated by steam-power1 dry cupping and equalizing-treatment apparatus1 vitalization apparatus1 numerous and most ingenious rubbing and manipulating apparatus and machinery1 driven by steam-power1 are among the almost innumerable curative agencies that are here brought into use as aids in the cure of human ailments4 ,our ,,electrical ,,outfit ,illustration3 ,president ,pierce's ,business ,office--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 is the finest to be found in any sanitarium in the ,united ,states and1 we believe1 in the world4 ,there are two forty-cell galvanic batteries with switch boards for controlling the voltage1 or force1 from the whole power to one-fortieth of this amount1 at the will of the physician4 ,safe-guards in the shape of milli-ampere meters continually indicate to the operator the force of the current4 ,there is a dynamo for charging the storage batteries1 which may be used in a patient's room when this method is found more convenient or more comfortable for the invalid4 ,there are two static or ,franklin machines4 ,these are used when the milder current is desired1 and for spraying1 sparking1 etc4 ,one of the instruments is of high voltage and furnishes us with the ,x rays for examining the interior parts of the body4 ,the largest treatment room also contains a powerful ozone generator1 operated by a dynamo4 ,this supplies the room with allotropic oxygen and is invaluable in treating diseases of the lungs and air passages4 ,this supplies the patient with vitalized air1 equal to the most salubrious atmosphere in any part of the globe4 ,beyond this and separated by a court1 across which is an iron bridge1 are the large dispensing-rooms1 stocked with drugs and medical compounds of almost endless variety1 and representing every branch of the materia medica4 ,here all medicines prescribed are most carefully and specially prepared for each individual case4 ,those to be sent away by mail or express1 to patients being treated at a distance1 are placed in trays1 with full directions for use1 and sent to another large room1 where they are carefully packed1 and shipped thence to their destination4 ,,fourth ,,floor4 ,on the fourth floor are located the surgical operating-rooms and surgical ward4 ,there are also a large number of nice1 large1 well furnished separate rooms on this floor1 used principally for the accommodation of surgical cases4 ,strong1 broad1 iron staircases connect all the upper floors with the ground1 so that in case of fire1 patients need have no fear of being unable to get out safely4 ,in fact1 the building has been constructed so as to render the rapid spread of fire through it impossible1 all the floors being laid on cement4 ,a ,,steam ,,passenger ,,elevator is provided1 so that the upper floors are quite as desirable as those lower down4 ,the dining-rooms for gentlemen1 as well as those for ladies1 are located in the basement1 which is reached either by stairways or by the elevator4 ,the kitchen1 store-rooms1 chill-rooms1 pantries1 and all culinary arrangements are also in the basement4 ,,fire-,,proof ,,vaults4 ,six large fire-proof vaults are provided in this building in which to preserve1 secure from observation1 as well as from fire1 all records of cases examined and treated by the ,faculty4 ,throughout all this vast building the visitor is struck with the wonderful order and system with which every detail is carried out4 ,,the ,,bath ,,department4 ,illustration3 ,a glimpse at the ,turkish ,bath ,department4 ,the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 as hereinbefore indicated1 is provided with ,turkish1 and other approved baths1 with a treatment-room1 fitted up with vacuum and movement-treatment apparatus of the most modern and approved style4 ,these and much more ingeniously devised apparatus and appliances are brought into use in a great variety of chronic affections with marvelously successful results4 ,a perfect system of physical training1 especially adapted to the wants of the invalid and weak1 and most skillfully conducted and applied1 is not the least important among the many advantages that the chronic sufferers here find4 ,,the ,,surgical ,,department4 ,in the ,surgical ,department1 every instrument and appliance approved by the modern operator is provided1 and many and ingenious are the instruments and devices that the ,faculty of this institution have invented and perfected to meet the wants of their numerous cases4 ,,our ,,remedies4 ,in the prescribing of remedies for disease1 the ,staff resort to the whole broad field of materia medica1 allowing themselves to be hampered by no school1 ism1pathy1 or sect4 ,the medicines employed are all prepared by skilled chemists and pharmacists1 and the greatest care is exercised to have them manufactured from the freshest and purest ingredients4 ,our ,faculty probably employ a greater number and variety of extracts from native roots1 barks and herbs in their practice than are used in any other invalids' resort in the land4 ,all of the vegetable extracts employed in our practice are prepared in our own ,laboratory4 ,,regulation ,,of ,,diet4 ,the table is supplied with an abundance of wholesome and nutritious food1 especially adapted and prepared to suit the invalid1 it being varied to suit each particular case4 ,the ,faculty recognize the importance of proper food as one of the greatest factors in the treatment of chronic diseases4 ,while properly regulating and restricting the food of the invalid when necessary1 they also recognize the fact that many are benefited by a liberal diet of the most substantial food1 as steaks1 eggs1 oysters1 milk1 and other very nutritious articles of diet1 which are always provided in abundance for those for whom they are suited4 ,illustration3 ,view of ,lake and ,boat-house4--,buffalo ,park4 ,from previous experience somewhere1 some people get the impression that they are to be half starved at such an institution as this4 ,if this is the case anywhere it is not so here1 as any one who has ever resided at our sanitarium will attest4 ,,trained ,,attendants4 ,a sufficient number of trained and experienced nurses are employed1 that those requiring attendance may have the very best of care4 ,,good ,,order4 ,the institution is conducted in an orderly manner1 that the utmost quiet may be secured4 ,the ,faculty insist1 upon the part of the invalid1 while under treatment1 on the observance of habits of regularity in eating1 sleeping1 bathing and exercise4 ,only by such observance of hygienic laws can they succeed in their course of remedial training1 and make the treatment curative4 ,,amusements4 ,while insisting upon strict observance of rules established for the good of the patient1 they do not make their requirements so rigid as to interfere with the comfort and enjoyment of their patients1 but1 on the contrary1 endeavor1 in every manner possible1 to provide innocent and entertaining amusements for all1 recognizing the great importance of pleasant occupation of the mind1 as an essential part of the treatment4 ,hence the introduction of music1 amusing games1 light reading1 and kindred agencies for pleasant entertainment1 is not neglected4 ,,unparalleled ,,success4 ,illustration3 ,one of the ,private ,consultation-rooms1 ,ladies' ,department4 ,the founder of this institution commenced1 many years ago1 with little capital1 to build up a business in the treatment of chronic diseases and devoted himself diligently to that end4 ,his reputation for skill in his chosen field of practice gradually extended until1 to-day1 his fame and that of the ,world's ,dispensary and ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 are simply world-wide4 ,as the business increased those eminent for skill have been induced to join the ,faculty1 until eighteen professional gentlemen1 each devoting his attention to a special branch of practice1 constitute the ,medical and ,surgical ,staff4 ,illustration3 ,soldiers' ,monument4--,lafayette ,park1 ,buffalo4 ,one reason why we excel in the treatment of chronic diseases is the fact that we are supplied with all the modern improvements in the way of instruments1 appliances and remedial agents used in the healing art1 the expense of which deters the local physician in general practice from procuring1 for the treatment of the limited number of cases that come within the circuit of his practice4 ,the treatment of such cases requires special attention and special study to be successful4 ,a ,,common ,,sense ,,view4 ,it is a well-known fact1 that appeals to the judgment of every thinking person1 that a physician who devotes his whole time to the study and investigation of a certain class of diseases1 must become better qualified to treat them than he who attempts to treat every ill to which flesh is heir1 without giving special attention to any particular class of diseases4 ,men1 in all ages of the world1 who have made their marks1 or who have become famous1 have devoted their lives to some special branch of science1 art or literature4 ,,liberality4 ,we wage no war against any physician1 no matter what school of medicine he may represent2 but1 on the other hand1 we invite the co-operation of all regular physicians4 ,we are always ready and willing to impart to them any information or render any assistance that will be of mutual benefit to them and their patients4 ,,our ,,physicians ,,and ,,surgeons do not travel to solicit practice1 having all the business that they can attend to at our institution1 nor do we employ any agents to travel and peddle or otherwise sell our medicines4 ,if any one engaged in such business1 represents himself as in any way connected with our institutions1 he is a swindler and should be apprehended and prosecuted as such4 ,and any one who will give us such information as will lead to the arrest and conviction of any person so misrepresenting will be liberally rewarded4 ,illustration3 ,undergoing ,examination of the ,lungs at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,while not permitting any member of our professional staff to travel and solicit practice1 yet we are always willing to accommodate and send a specialist to visit important or critical cases in consultation1 or otherwise1 or to perform important surgical operations as explained on page #iga of this book4 ,let none deceive you by representing that they have heretofore been connected with our institution and have thereby learned our original and improved methods of treatment4 ,we have a large and competent ,staff of ,specialists and while we have sometimes found it necessary to make changes1 yet we always manage to retain the most expert and skillful1 as we cannot afford to part with the services of those who excel4 ,illustration3 ,chemists' ,department4--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,by adopting similar names to those which have long designated our world-famed institutions1 some have endeavored to deceive and mislead invalids who were seeking relief4 ,others have named so-called ,electric ,trusses1 ,liver ,pads1 and other contrivances after our ,president1 thereby expecting to reap benefits from ,dr4 ,pierce's well-known professional standing4 ,neither the ,doctor nor this ,association have any interest in any such articles4 ,,no ,,branches4--,remember we have no branches except the one at ,no4 #c ,new ,oxford ,street1 ,london1 ,england4 ,those desiring to consult us by letter1 should address all communications plainly to b,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 ,no4 #ffc ,,main ,,street1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y4_/b 99 99 99 99 99 ,,world',s ,,dispensary4 ,the immense building erected and occupied by the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association as a ,laboratory1 wherein are manufactured our ,dr4 ,pierce's ,standard ,family ,medicines1 as well as all the various ,tinctures1 ,fluid ,extracts and other pharmaceutical preparations used by the ,staff of ,physicians and ,surgeons of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in their practice1 is not inappropriately called the ,world's ,dispensary1 for within its walls is prepared a series of remedies of such exceeding merit that they have acquired world-wide fame1 and are sold in vast quantities in nearly every civilized country4 ,illustration3 ,world's ,dispensary4--,new ,laboratory ,building4 ,the structure1 located at #ffj to #fgj ,washington ,street1 immediately in the rear of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 is of brick1 with sandstone trimmings1 six stories high1 and #ajj feet square4 ,its most striking architectural features exteriorly are massiveness1 combined with grace and beauty of outline1 and great strength4 ,,the ,,basement4 ,the basement or first story opens on a level with the ,washington ,street sidewalk1 and is occupied by a plant of two large boilers1 which supply the steam to run a huge ,american engine1 of #ajj horse-power1 built by the ,american ,engine ,co41 ,bound ,brook1 ,n4,j4 ,it drives all the machinery of the establishment1 including drug mills1 pill machines1 packing machinery1 a large number of printing presses1 folding machines1 stitching1 trimming1 and many other machines1 located on the different floors1 and used in the manufacture of medicines1 books1 pamphlets1 circulars1 posters1 and other printed matter4 ,on this floor is located steam bottle-washing machinery1 and also the shipping department4 ,here may be seen huge piles of medicine1 boxed1 marked1 and ready for shipment to all parts of the civilized world4 ,a large steam freight elevator leads from this to the floors above4 ,,machinery4 ,illustration3 ,postal1 ,advertising1 ,wrapping and ,mailing ,departments4 ,in addition to the power engine just mentioned is a #be horse-power upright engine for running the dynamo for electric lighting1 with a capacity of three hundred 7#cjj7 lights4 ,this engine and dynamo were also manufactured for us by the ,american ,engine ,company of ,bound ,brook1 ,n4,j4 ,there is a small dynamo with a capacity of one hundred 7#ajj7 lights used during the day to light safes1 vaults1 dark closets and hallways4 ,all the offices and rooms of patients are supplied with electric light1 as well as illuminating gas4 ,an automatic ,worthington pump is also located in the basement4 ,this supplies the elevator and sprinkling system4 ,the sprinklers come into play only in case of fire1 when they are self-acting4 ,this pump at its best is capable of forcing nearly two hundred gallons of water a minute4 ,there is no place in which pure water is more desirable than in the manufacture of medicines4 ,our ,new ,york filter could1 if such a large quantity were ever required1 furnish the ,dispensary with one hundred 7#ajj7 barrels of pure water a day4 ,just beyond the south wall and buried several feet under ground is a boiler-shaped tank capable of storing ten thousand 7#aj1jjj7 gallons of medicine4 ,,main ,,floor4 ,the main or second floor of the ,dispensary is entered from ,main ,street1 through a hall leading from the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,on this floor are located business offices1 counting-room1 the advertising department and mailing rooms4 ,large1 fire-proof vaults are provided for the safe keeping of books1 papers1 and valuables1 whilst the counting-room and offices are elegantly finished in hard woods1 and present a beautiful and grand appearance4 ,,third ,,floor4 ,on this floor are the ,association's extensive printing and binding works4 ,fourteen large presses1 driven by power1 with numerous folding machines1 trimming1 cutting1 and stitching machinery1 are constantly running in this department4 ,here is printed and bound ,dr4 ,pierce's popular work of over a thousand pages1 denominated ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 over #a1bjj1jjj copies of which have been sold4 ,millions of pocket memorandum books1 pamphlets1 circulars and cards are also issued from this department and scattered broadcast to every quarter of the globe4 ,,fourth ,,floor4 ,large mills for crushing1 grinding and pulverizing roots1 barks1 herbs1 and other drugs occupy a considerable part of this floor4 ,extensive drying-rooms1 in which articles to be ground in the drug mills are properly dried1 are also located upon this floor1 as are also thousands of reams of paper ready for printing the different books1 pamphlets1 labels1 etc4 ,in large rooms set aside for that purpose1 are stored vast quantities of labels and wrappers1 for use in putting up medicines4 ,,fifth ,,floor4 ,on this floor is located ingeniously devised filling and bottling machinery1 also rooms for labeling1 wrapping1 and packing medicines2 others are occupied for the storage of crude drugs1 glass1 corks1 and supplies for use in the general business4 ,,sixth ,,floor4 ,this entire floor is occupied with mixing1 percolating1 distilling1 filtering1 and other processes employed in the manufacturing of medicines4 ,every process is conducted under the watchful care of an experienced chemist and pharmacist1 and in the most perfect and orderly manner2 the apparatus employed being of the most approved character4 ,here are manufactured all the various medicinal preparations and compounds prescribed by the ,faculty1 in the treatment of special cases4 ,,general ,,considerations4 ,illustration3 ,section of ,chemical ,laboratory4--,world's ,dispensary4 ,in all departments of this vast business establishment1 the visitor is struck with the perfect system which everywhere prevails1 and the wonderful accuracy with which every process and transaction is carried on and consummated2 hence the uniformity of purity and strength for which the medicines here manufactured have so long been celebrated4 ,to this1 also1 is due much of the marvelous success attained in the department established for the special treatment of chronic and obstinate cases of disease4 ,in this department the ,faculty are not at all limited or hampered in prescribing1 and do not confine themselves in the least to the proprietary or standard medicines manufactured for general sale through druggists1 but employ a series of curative agents unsurpassed in variety and range of application4 ,they aim to carefully adapt their prescriptions to each individual case4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,causes ,,that ,,led ,,to ,,its ,,erection1 ,,and ,,the ,,advantages ,,which ,,it ,,affords4 ,illustration3 ,one of the ,private ,consultation-rooms1 ,gentlemen's ,department4 ,the destinies of institutions1 like those of men1 are often determined by pre-existing causes4 ,the destinies of some men are like those of way-side plants1 springing up without other apparent cause than the caprice of nature1 developing without any apparent aim1 yielding no perfected fruit1 and finally1 dying1 leaving scarcely a trace of their existence4 ,thus it is with institutions which have their origin only in man's caprice4 ,to be enduring1 they must be founded upon the needs and necessities of humanity4 ,many of the great men of the world owe their greatness more to surrounding circumstances than to the genius within them4 ,the highest genius can be dwarfed or deformed by the force of adverse circumstances2 hence the poetic truth of ,gray in those exquisite lines3 ,some mute inglorious ,milton here may lie1 ,some ,cromwell guiltless of his country's blood4 ,opportunity is the guiding star of genius4 ,without it1 genius would drift hither and thither upon the restless1 ever-changing waves of circumstance1 never casting anchor in a secure haven4 ,upon opportunity1 too1 depends the success of institutions4 ,by opportunity we mean a real and acknowledged public want4 ,whoever undertakes to supply this want finds himself upon the crest-wave of prosperity4 ,it was to supply such a want that this institution was erected4 ,a ,,remedial ,,home4 ,of the seventy millions of people living in the ,united ,states to-day1 it is estimated that nearly twelve millions are sufferers from chronic disease4 ,think for a moment6 ,twelve millions of people slowly but surely dying by the insidious and fatal development of chronic diseases6 ,this is an appalling fact4 ,and yet this is the very class of diseases with which the general practitioner is least familiar4 ,as a general practitioner of the healing art1 fresh from curriculum1 the founder of this institution early realized that the grand unpardonable sin of the medical profession was the neglect to more thoroughly study and investigate this class of diseases4 ,the profession is diligently cauterizing and poulticing the sores which now and then appear on the surface1 but the internal chronic disease1 of which these are merely the external signs1 is too often overlooked or neglected4 ,some years ago we devised and put into practical operation a method of ,,treating ,,patients ,,at ,,their ,,homes1 without requiring them to undergo personal examinations4 ,we reasoned that the physician has abundant opportunity to accurately determine the nature of most chronic diseases without ever seeing the patient4 ,in substantiating that proposition1 we cited the perfect accuracy with which scientists are enabled to deduce the most minute particulars in their several departments1 which appears almost miraculous1 if we view the subject in the light of the early ages4 ,take1 for example1 the electro-magnetic telegraph1 the greatest invention of the age4 ,is it not a marvelous degree of accuracy which enables an operator to exactly locate a fracture in a sub-marine cable nearly three thousand miles long8 ,our venerable clerk of the weather has become so thoroughly familiar with the most wayward elements of nature that he can accurately predict their movements4 ,he can sit in ,washington and foretell what the weather will be in ,florida or ,new ,york1 as well as if hundreds of miles did not intervene between him and the places named4 ,and so in all departments of modern science1 what is required is the knowledge of certain signs4 ,from these1 scientists deduce accurate conclusions regardless of distance4 ,a few fossils sent to the expert geologist enables him to accurately determine the rock-formation from which they were taken4 ,he can describe it to you as perfectly as if a cleft of it were lying on his table4 ,so also the chemist can determine the constitution of the sun as accurately as if that luminary were not ninety-five million miles from his laboratory4 ,the sun sends certain signs over the infinitude of space1 which the chemist classifies by passing them through the spectroscope4 ,only the presence of certain substances could produce these solar signs4 ,illustration3 ,medical ,library and ,council-room4--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,so1 also1 in medical science1 ,,disease ,,has ,,certain ,,unmistakable ,,signs1 or symptoms1 and1 by reason of this fact1 we have been enabled to originate and perfect a system of determining with the greatest accuracy the nature of chronic diseases without seeing and personally examining our patients4 ,in recognizing diseases without a personal examination of the patient1 we claim to possess no miraculous powers4 ,we obtain our knowledge of the patient's disease by the practical application of well-established principles of modern science to the practice of medicine4 ,and it is to the accuracy with which this system has endowed us that we owe our almost world-wide reputation for the skillful treatment of all lingering1 or chronic1 affections4 ,this system of practice1 with the marvelous success which has been attained through it1 demonstrates the fact that diseases display certain phenomena1 which1 being subjected to scientific analysis1 furnish abundant and unmistakable data to guide the judgment of the skillful practitioner aright in determining the nature of diseased conditions4 ,so successful has been this method of treating patients at a distance that there is scarcely a city or a village in the ,united ,states that is not represented by one or more cases upon the ,records of ,practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,in all chronic diseases that are curable by medical treatment1 it is only in very rare cases that we cannot do as well for the patient while he or she remains at home1 as if here in person to be examined4 ,but we annually treat hundreds of cases requiring surgical operations and careful after-treatment1 and in these cases our ,invalids' ,hotel1 or home1 is indispensable4 ,here the patient has the services not only of the most skillful surgeons1 but also1 what is quite as necessary in the after treatment1 of thoroughly trained and skilled nurses4 ,what should be the essential characteristics of an ,invalids' ,home8 ,,climate4 ,obviously1 the most important of these characteristics is climate4 ,climatology1 from being a mere speculative theory1 has arisen to the deserved rank of a science4 ,the influence of the climate of a country on the national character has long been observed and acknowledged4 ,the languid but passionate temperaments of the ,south are like its volcanoes1 now quiet and silent1 anon bursting forth with terrible activity1 flooding entire cities with molten fire2 or1 like its skies1 now sunny1 cloudless1 an hour hence convulsed with lightnings and deluging the earth with passionate rain2 or like its winds1 to-day soft1 balmy1 with healing on their wings1 to-night the wind fiend1 the destroying simoom1 rushing through the land1 withering and scorching every flower and blade of herbage on its way4 ,on the other hand1 the calm1 phlegmatic temperament of the ,north accords well with her silent mountains1 her serener skies1 and her less vehement1 but chilling winds4 ,the ,south1 too1 is the native home of the most violent acute diseases1 such as yellow fever and cholera4 ,but1 aside from this general climatic influence1 there is the yet more restricted one of locality4 ,it has often been observed that certain classes of diseases are most prevalent in certain localities1 the prevalence in every instance being due to peculiarities of climate4 ,,extreme ,,healthfulness ,,of ,,buffalo4 ,in the published records of the examination for military service in the army1 during our late civil war1 this fact was clearly and definitely stated1 and maps were prepared and presented showing the comparative prevalence of certain diseases in the several ,states and districts represented4 ,the maps are prepared by a graduation of color1 the lighter shades indicating the localities where the special disease under consideration is least prevalent2 and it is a very significant and important fact that in all chronic diseases not due to occupation or accident1 ,buffalo and its immediate vicinity is marked by the lighter shades4 ,thus1 in epilepsy1 paralysis1 scrofula1 rheumatism1 and consumption1 our city is little more than tinted with the several colors used to denote these diseases4 ,illustration3 ,a ,patient's ,room4--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,there is a popular1 but unfounded1 belief that ,buffalo is a hot-bed for pulmonary diseases4 ,this idea could have originated only in an ignorant disregard of facts2 for medical statistics prove that in her freedom from this class of diseases she is unrivaled by any city in ,america1 not excepting those on the seaboard4 ,,evidence ,,of ,,health ,,statistics4 ,compare1 if you please1 the statistics of ,buffalo with those of the great ,eastern cities in this respect4 ,in ,boston and ,new ,york the death-rate from consumption shows a ratio of about #a to #e of the whole number of deaths4 ,in ,baltimore and ,philadelphia the ratio is #a to #f1 while in ,buffalo the death rate from consumption is only #a to #aj--very remarkable difference in favor of our city4 ,only last summer a gentleman residing in the eastern part of our ,state collected and compared the health statistics for #ahgf of all the prominent cities in the ,united ,states4 ,the result showed that ,,buffalo ,,outranks ,,all ,,in ,,healthfulness4 ,a great deal of precious breath has been expended in blustering about ,buffalo zephyrs1 as our delightful lake breezes are sometimes ironically termed4 ,it seems to be a popular belief among our sister cities that old ,boreas has chosen ,buffalo for his headquarters4 ,when we hear a person dilating upon ,buffalo's terrific winds1 we are reminded of one of our lady acquaintances who recently returned from a ,european tour4 ,she was asked how she enjoyed her sea voyage1 and she replied1 ,oh1 it was delightful1 really charming6 ,there is something so grand about the sea6 ,we were not a little surprised at this enthusiastic outburst1 as we had been told by a member of her party that the lady had industriously vomited her way to ,hamburg and back again4 ,but the lady's enthusiasm was easily explained4 ,it is fashionable to characterize sea voyages as delightful1 charming1 etc4 ,now1 we suspect this popular notion about our trying winds is traceable to the same source4 ,it has become customary to call ,buffalo a windy place1 and so1 when the traveler feels a slight lake breeze1 he imagines it to be a terrific gale4 ,whatever may have originated this notion1 certain it is that it is utterly1 undeniably false2 and1 in making this denial1 we are not alone dependent upon observation1 but upon the ,,facts ,,of ,,science4 ,the issue of ,july #ah1 #ahgd1 of the ,buffalo ,commercial ,advertiser1 contained a series of tables1 furnished by the ,signal ,service ,bureau1 showing the velocity of the wind at eleven prominent cities for the year #ahgc4 ,an examination of the table shows that the total velocity for the year was the lowest in ,buffalo of any of the lake ports2 while ,philadelphia and ,new ,york showed far higher aggregates of velocity than our city4 ,on this subject1 in the issue of ,august #bast of the same year1 the editor pleasantly remarks3 ,only the interior and southern seaboard cities1 and not many of them1 show a lower total velocity of wind than is marked against this city2 and as for those places1 heaven help their unfortunate inhabitants in the sultry nights of the summer season1 when they are gasping in vain for a breath of that pure1 cool lake air1 which brings refreshing slumbers to the people of blessed1 breezy ,buffalo4 ,,equability ,,of ,,climate4 ,illustration3 ,one of our ,physician's ,rooms--,bureau of ,correspondence--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,then1 in regard to equability of climate1 the great desideratum for invalids in any locality1 here again sentiment and science are greatly at variance4 ,an examination of the official records of the ,signal ,service ,bureau1 and the statistics of the ,smithsonian ,institute1 showed that out of a list of forty cities on the continent ,buffalo ranked highest for equability of climate4 ,thus we quote from an editorial in the ,advertiser of the same issue3 ,while the aggregate of change for ,buffalo stood at #fg for the year1 that of ,philadelphia reached #bjd1 ,washington was #bbd1 ,cincinnati #bje1 ,st4 ,louis #aga4 ,winchester1 in one of the healthiest parts of ,virginia1 reached as high as #bja4 ,aiken1 in ,south ,carolina1 a famous resort for invalids1 touched #bbj4 ,st4 ,augustine1 one of the lowest in the list1 showed a much less equable climate than that of ,buffalo1 being #id to our #fg4 ,the transition from summer to winter1 and vice versa1 is exceedingly gradual1 and1 consequently1 ,buffalonians are seldom afflicted with those epidemic diseases which generally appear in other localities during the spring and summer months4 ,thus the thermometric readings of the ,signal ,service ,bureau for #ahgc1 show that the average temperature for ,july and ,august was #gd4 ,for ,september it was about #fd1 which was again reduced by about #aj for ,october4 ,the monthly average for ,november was #gc1 and for ,december #be1 which was also the average for ,january4 ,then the readings for ,february showed an average of #bf1 for ,march #cb1 and #dc for ,april4 ,a more equable and gradual transition from midsummer heat to midwinter cold cannot be shown by any locality on this continent4 ,seldom does the mercury rise above ninety during our warmest summers1 or fall below zero in our most severe winters4 ,in ,j4 ,disturnal's work1 entitled ,the ,influence of ,climate in ,north and ,south ,america1 published by ,van ,nostrand1 in #ahfg1 the climate of ,buffalo is thus characterized3 ,from certain natural causes1 no doubt produced by the waters of ,lake ,erie1 the winters are less severe1 the summers less hot1 the temperature night and day more equable1 and the transition from heat to cold less rapid1 in ,buffalo than in any other locality within the temperate zone of the ,united ,states1 as will be seen by the following table4 ,the table referred to shows that1 during the summer months1 the temperature of ,buffalo is from #aj to #bj cooler than that of any other point east1 south1 or west of the ports on ,lake ,erie2 while the refreshing and invigorating lake breeze is felt night and day4 ,the author further adds that during the winter months the thermometer rarely indicates zero1 and the mean temperature for ,january1 #aheh1 was #bj above4 ,a careful investigation into the comparative climatology of the several great social and commercial centers1 proved ,buffalo to be superior to all others in the climatic requirements for the invalid4 ,besides1 it has the important advantage of being a central point of traffic and travel between the ,west and the ,east4 ,,advantages ,,of ,,location4 ,the second important consideration in projecting this home for invalids was location4 ,it has generally been customary to locate institutions of this character in rural districts1 removed from the advantages of city life1 on the plea of escaping the confusion and excitement so detrimental to recovery4 ,the result is well known4 ,invalids have regarded them more as pleasure resorts than health resorts1 spending the summer months there1 but fleeing to their homes at the fall of the first snow-flake4 ,the good that was done in the summer is undone by carelessness and exposure in the winter4 ,a location that would combine both city advantages and rural pleasures1 seemed to us1 upon reflection1 to be the desirable one4 ,fortunately1 ,buffalo afforded the happy mean4 ,our extensive parks1 our unsurpassed facilities for yachting1 fishing1 and all aquatic sports1 our many sylvan lake and river retreats1 our world-famed ,niagara1--certainly a more desirable selection of rural scenes and pleasures cannot be found in another locality in ,america4 ,a ,,genuine ,,home4 ,in erecting the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 our paramount design was to make it a genuine home--not a hospital--a home where the child of fortune would miss none of the comforts of her palatial home1 while the poor man would find not only health but his pleasures multiplied a thousand fold4 ,,our ,,terms ,,moderate4 ,the wholesale merchant's prices are far less than those of the retail dealer4 ,he can afford it1 his sales are so much larger4 ,it is on precisely the same principle that we are able to make the rates at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute comparatively low4 ,if we had only a limited number of patients1 we should be obliged to make the charges commensurate with our expenses2 but our practice having become very extensive1 and the income being correspondingly large1 we are enabled to make the rates at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute so moderate that all who desire can avail themselves of its medical1 surgical1 and hygienic advantages4 ,illustration3 ,prescription ,department--,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,facilities ,,for ,,treatment4 ,of the many advantages afforded by the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in treating disease1 we can make only brief mention of a few of the more prominent4 ,,division ,,of ,,labor4 ,in the examination and treatment of patients1 our practice is divided into specialties4 ,each member of the ,faculty1 although educated to practice in all departments of medicine and surgery1 is here assigned to a special department only1 to which he devotes his entire time1 study and attention4 ,,advantages ,,of ,,specialties4 ,the division-of-labor system proves as effectual in the exercise of the professions as in manufactures4 ,in the legal profession this has long been a recognized fact4 ,one lawyer devotes his attention specially to criminal law1 and distinguishes himself in that department4 ,another develops a special faculty for unraveling knotty questions in matters of real estate1 and1 if a title is to be proved1 or a deed annulled1 he is the preferred counselor4 ,in a certain manner1 too1 this has long been practiced by the medical profession4 ,thus some physicians 7and we may add physicians who call themselves regular1 and are specially caustic in their denunciation of advertising doctors7 are accustomed to distribute cards among their patrons1 certifying that they give special attention to diseases of women and children4 ,in this institution each physician and surgeon is assigned a special department of medicine or surgery4 ,by constant study and attention to his department1 each has become a skillful specialist1 readily detecting every phase and complication of the diseases referred to him4 ,not only is superior skill thus attained1 but also rapidity and accuracy in diagnosis4 ,thoroughness and efficiency in any branch of learning can be secured only by devoting to it special study and attention4 ,when the faculty of a university is to be chosen1 how are its members selected8 ,for instance1 how is the chair of astronomy filled8 ,do they choose the man who is celebrated for his general scholastic attainments1 or do they not rather confer it upon one who is known to have devoted special attention and study to the science of astronomy1 and is1 therefore1 especially qualified to explain its theories and principles8 ,thus all the several chairs are filled by gentlemen whose general scholarship not only is known to be of the highest standard1 but who devote special attention to the departments assigned them1 thus becoming proficient specialists therein4 ,the same system of specialties is observed in the departments of a medical college4 ,the professor who would assume to lecture in all the departments with equal ease and proficiency would be severely ridiculed by his colleagues2 and yet it is just as absurd to suppose that the general practitioner can keep himself informed of the many new methods of treatment that are being constantly devised and adopted in the several departments of medicine and surgery4 ,,progress ,,in ,,medicine4 ,in no other science is more rapid and real progress being made at the present time than in that of medicine4 ,even the specialist must be studious and earnest in his work to keep himself well and accurately informed of the progress made in his department4 ,thus it so often happens that the general practitioner pursues old methods of treatment which science has long since replaced with others1 acknowledged to be superior4 ,the specialist1 on the contrary1 by confining his studies and researches to one class of diseases only1 is enabled to inform himself thoroughly and accurately on all the improvements made in the methods and means of practice in his special department4 ,the difference between the practice of specialists and that of general practitioners is aptly illustrated by the difference between the old-fashioned district school1 in which the school-master taught all the branches1 from a-b-abs to the solution of unknown quantities and the charmed mysteries of philosophy1 and the modern seminary1 with its efficient corps of teachers1 each devoting his or her whole attention to the study and teaching of one special department of learning4 ,we attribute the success which has attended the practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 in a great measure1 to a wise adoption of this system of specialties4 ,,advantages ,,offered ,,to ,,invalids4 ,obviously1 the most important of these advantages is facility of treatment4 ,of the thousands whom we have cured of chronic diseases1 we have probably not seen one in five hundred1 having accomplished the desired result through remedies sent either by mail or express1 and advice given by letter4 ,yet in some obstinate forms of disease1 we can here bring to bear remedial means not to be found or applied elsewhere4 ,that thousands of cases of chronic disease1 pronounced incurable1 have1 by our rational and scientific treatment1 been restored to perfect health1 is conclusively proved by the records of practice at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,here1 in obstinate cases1 are brought to bear all the most scientific remedial appliances and methods of treatment4 ,a system of mechanical movements1 passive exercises1 manipulations1 kneadings and rubbings1 administered by a large variety of ingeniously-contrived machinery1 driven by stream-power1 has been found especially efficacious and valuable1 as an aid to medical and surgical treatment1 in the cure of obstinate cases of nervous and sick headache1 constipation1 paralysis1 or palsy1 stiffened joints1 crooked and withered limbs1 spinal curvature1 tumors1 diseases of women1 especially displacements of the uterus1 or womb1 such as prolapsus1 retroversion and anteversion1 chronic inflammation1 enlargement and ulceration of the uterus1 and kindred affections2 also in nervous debility1 sleeplessness1 and other chronic diseases4 ,mechanical power1 or force1 is by these machines transmitted to the system1 in which it is transformed into vital energy and physical power or strength4 ,this mechanical1 passive exercise1 or movement-cure treatment1 differs widely from1 and should not be confounded with1 ,swedish movements1 to which it is far superior in efficacy4 ,coupled with our improved and wonderful system of ,vitalization treatment1 it affords the most perfect system of physical training and development ever devised4 ,for the restoration of power to wasted1 undeveloped1 or weakened organs or parts1 for their enlargement1 this combined movement and ,vitalization treatment is unequaled4 ,it can be applied to strengthen or enlarge any organ or part4 ,we also employ both ,dynamic and ,static electricity1 ,franklinism and ,electrolysis1 and chemical1 ,turkish and other baths1 in all cases in which they are indicated4 ,inhalations1 administered by means of the most approved apparatus1 are employed with advantage in many obstinate lung1 bronchial1 and throat affections4 ,we have no hobby or one-idea system of treatment1 no good remedial means being overlooked or neglected4 ,illustration3 ,a glimpse of some of the rooms for the application of ,electricity1 ,mechanical ,massage1 ,vitalization treatment1 and other agencies prescribed by our ,staff2 furnishing a perfect system of physical and remedial training1 carefully adapted to the wants of the most delicate and feeble1 as well as to the more robust4 ,a ,,fair ,,and ,,business-,,like ,,offer ,,to ,,the ,,afflicted4 ,reader1 are you accustomed to think and act for yourself8 ,do you consult your own reason and best interests8 ,if so1 then do not heed the counsel of skeptical and prejudiced friends1 or jealous physicians1 but listen to what we have to say4 ,you perhaps know nothing of us1 or our systems of treatment1 or of the business methods we employ4 ,you may imagine1 but you know nothing1 perhaps1 of our facilities and advantages for performing cures in cases beyond the reach or aid of the general practitioner4 ,knowing nothing1 then1 of all these advantages1 you still know as much as the would-be friend or physician who never loses an opportunity to traduce and misrepresent us1 and prejudice the afflicted against us4 ,now to the point--are you listening8 ,then permit us to state that we have the largest1 the best1 and the finest buildings of any like ,association1 company1 or firm in this country4 ,we employ more and better ,medical and ,surgical ,specialists in our ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute than any similar ,association1 company1 or individual1 and actually have more capital invested4 ,we have a thoroughly qualified and eminent ,specialist for every disease that we treat4 ,we treat more cases1 and absolutely cure more patients than any similar institution in ,america4 ,in addition to those we treat medically1 we perform all the most difficult surgical operations known to the most eminent ,surgeons1 and so frequently do many of these operations occur with us that some of our ,specialists have become the most expert and skillful ,surgeons on this continent4 ,we wish to add further that we are responsible to you for what we represent2 we therefore ask you to come and visit our institutions2 and1 if you find on investigation that we have misstated or misrepresented in any particular our institutions1 our advantages1 or our success in curing ,chronic ,diseases1 we will gladly and promptly refund to you all the expenses of your trip4 ,we court honest1 sincere investigation1 and are glad and anxious to show interested people what we can do and are daily doing for suffering humanity4 ,can a proposition be plainer8 ,can an offer be more fair and business-like8 ,if1 therefore1 you are afflicted1 and are seeking relief1 come where genuine ability is a ruling feature1 where success is our watchword and the alleviation of human suffering our mission4 ,whether arriving in our city by day or night1 come directly to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 #ffc ,main ,street1 where you will be hospitably received and well cared for4 ,address all correspondence to ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,main ,street1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,successful ,,treatment ,,of ,,chronic ,,or ,,lingering ,,diseases4 ,illustration ,for many years the founder of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and ,world's ,dispensary has devoted himself very closely to the investigation and treatment of chronic diseases4 ,some few specifics have1 during this time1 been developed for certain forms of chronic ailments1 and given to the public1 but they have not been lauded as cure-alls1 or panaceas1 but only recommended as remedies for certain well-defined and easily recognized forms of disease4 ,these medicines are sold through druggists very largely1 and have earned great celebrity for their many cures4 ,so far from claiming that these proprietary medicines will cure all diseases1 their manufacturers advise the afflicted that1 in many complicated and delicate chronic affections1 they are not sufficient to meet the wants of the case4 ,these must have special consideration and treatment by a competent physician and surgeon1 the medicines and other remedial means required being selected and prepared with reference to each particular case4 ,in order to be able to offer those afflicted with chronic ailments the most skillful medical and surgical services1 ,dr4 ,pierce1 many years ago1 associated with himself several eminent physicians and surgeons1 as the ,faculty of the old and renowned ,world's ,dispensary1 the consulting ,department of which is now merged with the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,,division ,,of ,,labor4 ,in the organization of the medical and surgical staff of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 several years ago1 we assigned to one physician the examination and treatment of diseases of the nervous system2 to another1 surgical operations and the treatment of surgical diseases2 a third had charge of catarrhal and pulmonary diseases and affections of the heart2 a fourth attended to diseases peculiar to women2 a fifth1 to diseases of the eye and ear2 a sixth1 to diseases of the digestive organs2 a seventh1 to special surgical cases2 to another we entrusted diseases of the urogenital organs2 and to others1 various other specialties4 ,now that our practice has become so very extensive as to require for its conduct a greatly increased number of physicians and surgeons4 ,thus four physicians and surgeons devote their undivided attention to the examination and treatment of diseases of the urinary and generative organs of men4 ,three physicians give their sole attention to diseases peculiar to women and three to those of the nasal organs1 throat and chest1 embracing all chronic diseases of the respiratory organs4 ,thus we have a full council of three and four physicians in these several specialties4 ,in several other divisions we have two specialists4 ,no case is slighted either in the examination or in the treatment4 ,all doubtful1 obscure or difficult cases are submitted to a council composed of several physicians and surgeons4 ,skilled pharmaceutists are employed to compound the medicines prescribed4 ,for the purpose of enabling us to conduct our extensive correspondence 7for we have an extensive practice en every part of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 as well as in ,great ,britain from our ,london branch71 graphophones are employed1 to which replies are dictated1 recording the words of the speaker4 ,afterwards the letters are written out in full1 generally on a type-writing machine1 which prints them in a plain1 legible style4 ,these machines are operated as rapidly as a person can think of the letters which compose a word1 each operator thus accomplishing the work of several copyists4 ,this system1 by which we are enabled to correspond with our patients as rapidly as we can talk1 has been rendered necessary by the growth of our business1 which has attained immense proportions1 giving rise to so large a correspondence that a dozen physicians cannot possibly conduct it all and give each patient's case careful attention1 without the employment of graphophones and all other facilities which modern invention has given us4 ,by the adoption of these various means1 we are enabled to fully meet the demands of the afflicted1 and give every case the most careful attention4 ,illustration3 ,faculty of ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in ,session4--,council-room4 ,as many persons1 particularly young ladies and gentlemen1 having catarrh or almost any other chronic disease1 especially if of the urogenital organs1 are very sensitive and fearful that somebody will know that they are afflicted and employing medical treatment1 precautions are taken that none who consult us may incur the least risk of exposure4 ,although none but the most honorable and trustworthy gentlemen are employed as assistants1 yet as a guarantee of perfect security to our patients1 that every communication1 whether made in person or by letter1 will be treated as sacredly confidential1 each professional associate1 clerk1 or assistant1 is required to take a solemn oath of secrecy4 ,great care is also taken to send all letters and medicines carefully sealed in plain envelopes and packages1 so that no one can even suspect the contents or by whom they are sent4 ,,advantages ,,of ,,specialties4 ,by thorough organization and a perfect system of subdividing the practice of medicine and surgery in this institution1 every invalid consulting us is treated by a specialist--one who devotes his undivided attention to the particular class of diseases to which his or her case belongs4 ,the advantage of this arrangement must be obvious4 ,medical science offers a vast field for investigation1 and no physician can1 within the limit of a single life-time1 achieve the highest degree of success in the treatment of every malady incident to humanity4 ,a distinguished professor in the medical department of one of our universities1 in an address to the graduating class1 recently said3 ,some professional men seem to be ashamed unless they have the character of universal knowledge4 ,he who falls into the error of studying everything will be certain to know nothing well4 ,every man must have a good foundation4 ,he must1 in the first place1 be a good general practitioner4 ,but the field has become too large to be cultivated in its entirety by any individual2 hence the advantage of cultivating special studies in large towns1 which admit of the subdivision of professional pursuits4 ,it is no longer possible to know everything2 something must be wisely left unknown4 ,indeed1 a physician1 if he would know anything well must be content to be profoundly ignorant of many things4 ,he must select something for special study1 and pursue it with devotion and diligence4 ,this course will lead to success1 while the attempt to do everything eventuates unavoidably in failure4 ,let there be single hands for special duties4 ,our institution is the only one in this country in which these common-sense-ideas are thoroughly carried out4 ,the diversified tastes and talents of physicians cause each to excel in treating some one class of diseases1 to which he devotes more attention and study than to others4 ,one medical student manifests great interest in the anatomy1 physiology1 pathology1 and treatment of diseases of the eye4 ,he becomes thoroughly familiar with all the minutest details relative to that organ and its diseases1 and so thoroughly qualifies himself in this branch of knowledge that he is able to cure an inflammation or other affection of the eye in a very short time4 ,another student is more interested in some other class of diseases1 for the study of which he has a liking1 and neglects to inform himself in the ophthalmic branch of medical and surgical science4 ,if after engaging in the practice of his chosen profession1 he is consulted by persons suffering from diseases of the eye1 he tortures them with unnecessary and oftimes injurious applications1 clumsily and carelessly made1 and1 as the result of such unskillful treatment1 the inestimable blessing of sight may be sacrificed4 ,illustration3 ,a ,corner in ,printing ,department4--,world's ,dispensary4 ,the great majority of physicians allow acute maladies1 diseases of children1 and the practice of midwifery1 to engross most of their time and attention4 ,they manifest an absorbing interest in everything that relates to these subjects1 and devote little or no time to acquiring an intimate knowledge of the great variety of chronic maladies which afflict mankind4 ,they acquire skill and reputation in their favorite line of practice1 but are annoyed if consulted by one suffering from some obscure chronic affection1 usually turn the invalid off with a very superficial examination1 and1 perhaps1 only prescribe some placebo1#f apparently indifferent as to the result1 but really desiring thus to conceal their lack of familiarity with such diseases4 ,the specialist1 the treatment of chronic diseases being his vocation1 is equally annoyed if consulted by those suffering from acute diseases1 but does not pursue the inconsistent course of assuming to treat them4 ,he refers them to those of his medical brethren whose daily dealings with such cases make them1 in his way of thinking1 more competent than himself to render valuable service to such sufferers4 ,he recognizes the fact that no man is likely to succeed in any line of study or business for which he possesses no talent or relish1 nor does he believe in being a jack-at-all-trades and master of none4 ,,advertising4 ,having thoroughly qualified himself for the practice of some particular branch of the healing art1 the specialist sees no impropriety in acquainting the public with his ability to relieve certain forms of suffering4 ,he believes that medical men should possess equal rights with other business men1 and that any code of medical ethics which would deprive him of any of the sacred rights guaranteed to all by the liberal laws of the country1 is professional tyranny1 and merits only his contemptuous disregard4 ,nor does he display any false modesty in the manner of making known his skill4 ,he maintains that he has an undoubted right to place his claim to patronage before the public by every fair and honorable means4 ,he recognizes the display of goods in the merchant's show-windows as no less an advertisement and in no better taste than the publication of a card in the newspaper4 ,so1 likewise1 he regards the various devices by which the extremely ethical physician seeks to place himself conspicuously before the public1 as but so many ways of advertising1 and as not more modest than the publication of cures actually performed1 or than his announcement through the public press of his professional resources for treating certain maladies4 ,the physician who expresses a holy horror of the advertising doctor1 liberally bestowing upon him the epithet of quack1 announces himself a graduate1 talks learnedly and gives notice to the public in some way that he is ready to serve them4 ,he endeavors to impress upon the mind of the patient and family his skill1 frequently exaggerates as to the extent of his practice1 rides furiously about when he has no professional calls1 keeps up business appearances by driving several horses1 or joins influential societies4 ,he may make a great display in style1 manner1 dress1 pretensions1 writing for the newspapers1 exhibiting literary pedantry1 referring to the superior facilities afforded by some particular school or society to which he belongs2 or by editing and publishing a medical journal1 ostensibly for the advancement of medical science1 but practically to display titles or professorships1 to publish reports which flatteringly allude to cases he has treated1 the number of capital surgical operations he has performed1 or the distinguished families he is treating4 ,all these are but modes of advertising professional wares2 in short1 are artful1 though not refined1 tricks1 resorted to for private announcement4 ,we say to all such adventurers in modern advertising diplomacy1 that these indirect1 clandestine methods are not half so candid and honorable as a direct public statement of the intentions and proposals of a medical practitioner1 who thereby incurs an individual responsibility before the law and his fellow-men4 ,no good reason has ever been assigned why any well educated physician1 trained in the school of experience until he becomes proficient in medical skill1 may not publish facts and evidence to disclose it1 especially when these are abundant and conclusive4 ,the following extracts from an able article by the ,rev4 ,,thomas ,k4 ,,beecher embodies a sound view of the subject of medical advertising4 ,he says3 99 99 ,i am glad that the doctor cured him2 ,i am glad that the doctor put it in the paper that he could cure him4 ,and if any doctor is certain that he can cure such diseases and don't put it in the paper1 ,i am sorry4 ,what a pity it would have been had this doctor come to town with his wealth of science and experience and gone away leaving him uncured6 ,what a pity it would have been if he had been so prejudiced against advertising as to read the responsible certificate of the doctor and give him the go-by as a quack6 ,what are newspapers for1 if not to circulate information8 ,what more valuable information can a newspaper give than to tell a sick man where he can be cured8 ,if a man has devoted his life and labor to the study of a special class of diseases1 the necessity of his saying so becomes all the more pressing4 ,his duty to advertise becomes imperative4 ,when ,i was in ,england1 ,i found on all the dead walls of ,london1 placards1 declaring that ,dean ,stanley1 ,chaplain to the ,prince of ,wales1 would preach at such a place2 that his grace the ,archbishop 7,i think7 of ,canterbury would preach at another time and place2 again1 that an ,oxford professor would preach4 ,in short1 religious notices were sprinkled in among the theater bills1 and the highest church dignitaries were advertised side by side with actors1 singers1 and clowns4 ,of course1 ,i was shocked by it1 but in a moment ,i bethought me--if it be all right and dignified to hire a sexton to ring a bell when the minister is going to preach1 it is all the same to silence the bell and hire a bill-sticker to tell the same news1 the essential thing being to tell the truth every time4 ,the remedy for the lying advertisements is for honest men to tell the truth4 ',when iniquity cometh in like a flood1 then the spirit of the ,lord lifts up the standard4' ,a really able man1 whatever be his gifts1 makes a great mistake if he fail to use those gifts through want of advertising4 ,if a physician possesses knowledge that enables him to remedy diseases heretofore regarded as incurable1 what virtue or modesty is there to hide his light under a bushel8 ,in this free country the people think and act for themselves1 and hence all have a deep concern in the subject of health4 ,the strong popular prejudice against the doctors who advertise is due to the fact1 that by this method so many ignorant charlatans are enabled to palm off their worthless services upon the uneducated and credulous2 but the practice of such imposition should not cause a presumption against the public announcement of real skill1 for the baser metal bears conclusive evidence that the pure also exists4 ,every step in scientific investigation1 every proposition which relates to the interest and happiness of man1 every statement and appeal involving a valuable consideration1 must be submitted to the scrutiny and judgment of individual reason2 for every person has the right to form his own conclusions1 and justify them by experience4 ,those claims which are only supported by empty assertion are very doubtful4 ,misty theories vanish before the sun of truth4 ,he who renders professional services cannot be successful1 unless he be sustained by real merit4 ,,treating ,,patients ,,who ,,reside ,,at ,a ,,distance4 ,we can treat many chronic diseases as successfully without as with a personal consultation1 as our vast experience enables us to correctly determine the malady from which the patient is suffering1 from a history of the symptoms1 and answers to questions furnished4 ,we have not seen one person in five hundred of those whom we have cured4 ,some may suppose that a physician cannot obtain1 through correspondence1 a sufficiently accurate idea of the condition of a patient to enable him to treat the case successfully2 but a large experience in this practice has proved the contrary to be true1 for some of the most remarkable cures have been effected through the medium of correspondence4 ,in most long-continued cases1 the patient has thought over his symptoms hundreds of times4 ,the location of every pain1 whether acute or mild1 constant or occasional1 and the circumstances under which it occurs1 have been carefully noted4 ,he has observed whether he had a rush of blood to the head1 was feverish or chilly1 whether troubled with cold hands and feet1 whether full of blood1 or pale and bloodless2 and he states these matters with accuracy and common sense when writing to us1 for he has a very good1 if not a professional1 knowledge of the relative importance of these symptoms4 ,so in regard to digestion1 he states what kinds of food agree with him1 or whether he is troubled with excessive acidity or a flatulent condition of the stomach4 ,he also informs us whether his tongue is coated and bilious1 or clean and healthy1 and gives many other particulars too various to enumerate1 by which we are enabled to gain a perfect understanding of the case4 ,if his description be not sufficiently complete to enable us to obtain a definite understanding of the case1 he is requested to answer a list of important questions which are sent him4 ,the people are far more intelligent in these matters than physicians are generally willing to admit4 ,a patient is often confused while being personally examined by a physician1 and gives imperfect or incorrect answers4 ,after he has left the presence of the physician1 he finds that he has failed to enumerate many of the most important symptoms4 ,in consulting by letter1 the patient is not embarrassed1 he states the exact symptoms1 and carefully reads over the letter to see if it is a complete and accurate description of his sufferings4 ,in this way he conveys a much better idea of the case than if present in person1 and subjected to the most thorough questioning and cross-examination4 ,the timid lady and nervous young man write just as they feel2 and one important reason why we have had such superior success in treating intricate and delicate diseases1 is because we have obtained such true and natural statements of the cases from these letters1 many of which are perfect pen-pictures of disease4 ,as bank-tellers and cashiers1 who daily handle large quantities of currency1 can infallibly detect spurious money by a glance at the engraving or a touch of the paper1 so the experienced physician1 by his great familiarity with disease1 becomes equally skilled in detecting the nature and extent of a chronic malady from a written description of its symptoms4 ,,urinary ,,signs4 ,a careful microscopical examination and chemical analysis of the urine is a valuable aid in determining the nature of many chronic diseases1 particularly those of the nervous system1 blood1 liver1 kidneys1 bladder1 prostate gland and generative organs4 ,this important fact is not overlooked at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 where an experienced chemist is employed to make such examinations and report the result to the attending physicians4 ,medical authors1 professors1 and practitioners of all schools1 admit and even insist upon the importance of such examinations in diagnosticating diseases4 ,many practitioners neglect to take advantage of this invaluable aid1 while others fear that if they attach much importance to such examinations they will be ranked with uroscopian or water doctors1 a class of enthusiasts who claim to be able to correctly diagnosticate every disease by an examination of the urine4 ,persons consulting us and wishing to avail themselves of the advantages afforded by these examinations can send small vials of their urine by express4 ,the vials should be carefully packed in saw-dust or paper and enclosed in a light wooden box4 ,all charges for transportation must be prepaid1 and a complete history of the case including the age and sex of the patient1 must accompany each package1 or it will receive no attention4 ,this saves valuable time by directing the examination into the channels indicated1 thus avoiding a lengthy series of experiments4 ,as we are daily receiving numerous vials of urine1 every sample should1 to prevent confusion1 be labeled with the patient's name4 ,illustration3 ,binocular ,microscope used at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,there is a natural1 definite proportion of the component elements of every solid and fluid of the human body4 ,these proportions have been reduced to definite standards1 a deviation from which affords evidence of disease4 ,thus1 there being a fixed standard in a normal proportion of the elements of the blood1 any deviation from it1 as in anmia1 leucocythmia1 etc41 indicates disease4 ,so also the standard proportion of the urinary elements being known1 any considerable change1 either in quantity or quality of its parts1 bears unmistakable evidence of disease4 ,the invention of the microscope has provided increased facilities for detecting diseases by examination of the urine4 ,by the aid of this wonderful instrument1 we are enabled to discover with absolute certainty the various urinary deposits characteristic of different maladies2 thus in ,fig4 #a1 ,a represents in a general way the sediment of abnormal urine as seen under the microscope4 ,in division ,b is represented oxalate of urea upon precipitation by oxalic acid4 ,nitrate of urea is represented in division ,c4 ,a deficiency of urea in the urine1 with albumen and casts present1 is a most important guide in the diagnosis of ,bright's disease4 ,the average quantity of urea present during health is #ba4eg parts in #a1jjj4 ,the microscopic examination of the urine1 notwithstanding the distaste1 and even contempt1 which many physicians manifest for such investigations1 is pursued at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 with inestimable benefit to our patients4 ,it has revealed the existence of many serious affections1 which1 with all our other modes of investigation1 we might have been unable to detect4 ,it has also thrown light upon many obscure chronic diseases4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,we have already spoken of the marked changes effected in the urine by a derangement of the digestive functions4 ,it is a matter of surprise that physicians generally pay so little attention to the urine when dyspepsia is suspected1 since all admit that an examination of that excretion furnishes unmistakable evidence of the nature and complications of the disease4 ,in this way we are many times enabled to determine whether the indigestion is caused by congestion or functional disease of the liver or kidneys or by nervous debility4 ,and when such cases are treated in accordance with the indications furnished1 increased success attends our practice4 ,in ,fig4 #b highly magnified urinary deposits1 which indicate impairment of the digestive functions1 are represented4 ,the crystals are composed of oxalate of lime and appear in the different forms shown in the five sections1 of octahedral1 decahedral1 round and dumb bell shapes4 ,the latter are formed in the kidneys1 and are sometimes discovered adhering to casts4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,,invaluable ,,aids ,,in ,,determining ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,kidneys ,,and ,,bladder4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,the various forms of gravel1 ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 hmaturia1 inflammation of the kidneys and bladder1 diabetes1 and other functional and organic diseases of the urinary organs effect characteristic changes in the urine1 thus enabling us to distinguish them with certainty and exactness4 ,some of the various microscopical appearances of the urinary deposits in diseases of the kidneys and bladder1 are represented in ,fig4 #c4 ,in division ,a is represented pus and mucus1 with decomposition1 indicating suppuration somewhere along the urinary tract4 ,in ,b pus globules are alone represented4 ,in the division marked ,c are shown blood corpuscles as they are arranged in blood drawn from a vein or artery4 ,d represents the same separated1 as they always are when present in the urine4 ,in ,e highly magnified oil globules are represented4 ,if present in the urine1 they indicate disease of the kidneys4 ,in ,f are represented epithelial cells1 the presence of which in large numbers is indicative of diseases of the mucous lining of the urinary organs4 ,fig4 #d represents the microscopic appearance of phosphates in the urine4 ,these are present in great quantity in cases of nervous debility and kindred affections4 ,by attaching the camera lucida to the microscope we can throw an image of these urinary deposits upon paper4 ,by the art of the engraver this may be faithfully traced1 and thus we are enabled to produce an accurate representation of them4 ,some of the beautiful crystalline deposits shown in ,fig4 #d represent less than a millionth part of a grain1 yet their forms are delineated with geometrical precision4 ,earthy phosphates are often mistaken for pus and also seminal fluid4 ,phosphates are always found in decomposed urine1 otherwise they indicate brain affections1 acute cystitis1 etc4 ,experience has taught us that the voiding of urine loaded with phosphates is a forerunner of cystitis1 or enlargement of the prostate gland1 or both4 ,in fact1 persons so affected are prone to serious consequences from mild attacks of almost any and every acute disease4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,fig4 #e represents the microscopic appearance of mixed urinary deposits4 ,in division ,a is represented fermentation spores as they appear in diabetic urine4 ,pasteur asserts that the germs of this fungus get into the urine after it has been passed4 ,urates appear in division ,b4 ,these indicate waste of flesh1 as in fevers1 consumption1 prolonged physical efforts1 etc4 ,division ,c pictures urates of ammonia4 ,these appear in alkaline decomposition of the urine2 it is isomeric with uric acid in acid urine4 ,in division ,d is represented urate of soda1 which is present in the tissues of persons suffering from gout4 ,the crystals shown in division ,e consist of the same salt4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,in ,fig4 #f1 division ,a1 is represented purulent matter as it appears in the urine4 ,the formation of pus in different parts of the genitourinary system is accompanied by the appearance of pus corpuscles in the urine4 ,when fat globules1 represented in division ,b1 are found in the urine1 they indicate fatty degeneration4 ,in division ,c are representations of the cells found in the urine of persons suffering from cystitis or other inflammatory diseases4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,fig4 #g1 divisions ,a and ,b1 represent different forms of cystine4 ,fortunately this substance is rarely found in the urine4 ,when present however it indicates liability to1 or the actual presence of1 a calculus or stone in the bladder4 ,in division ,c is a representation of the deposits seen in the urine of those who are greatly debilitated4 ,in division ,d are seen epithelial cells mixed with mucus4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,in ,fig4 #h1 division ,a1 are represented the caudated cells from the deep structure of the bladder4 ,the cells represented in division ,b are amyloid concretions1 found where there is an enlarged prostate gland4 ,fig4 #i represents the appearance of spermatozoa as seen in the urine4 ,when present1 they afford indisputable evidence of the escape of semen in the renal excretions4 ,we might add many other illustrations of urinary deposits and state their several indications1 but a sufficient number has been introduced to show the importance and practical value of microscopic examinations of the urine in revealing obscure diseases4 ,although the microscope is of inestimable value in examining the renal excretion1 it does not entirely supersede other valuable instruments and chemical re-agents in determining constitutional changes4 ,by the urinometer we determine the specific gravity of the urine2 by the use of litmus its acid or alkaline reaction1 is ascertained2 while various chemicals1 when added to it1 produce certain specific changes1 according to the morbid alterations which it has undergone by reason of disease4 ,by the application of heat1 or the addition of a few drops of nitric acid1 the albumen1 which is invariably present in ,bright's disease of the kidneys1 is coagulated4 ,by the employment of other re-agents we may determine the presence of sugar--a characteristic of diabetic urine4 ,and thus we might mention almost innumerable chemical tests by which the several changed conditions of the urine1 characteristic of different diseases1 may be ascertained with absolute certainty4 ,,the ,,most ,,eminent ,,medical ,,authorities ,,endorse ,,it4 ,dr4 ,eberle1 a distinguished allopathic author1 thus writes3 ,whatever may be the disease1 the urine seldom fails in furnishing us with a clue to the principles upon which it is to be treated4 ,dr4 ,braithwaite also says3 ,we can arrive at a more accurate knowledge respecting the nature of diseases from examining the urine than from any other symptom4 ,golding ,bird1 whose writings are regarded as sound and practical by the most learned of the medical profession1 says3 ,the examination of the urine in disease is now regarded as one of the most important aids in diagnosis1 and which it would be injurious alike to the welfare of the patient and the credit of the practitioner to avoid4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,the eminent ,dr4 ,f4 ,simon writes as follows3 ,from the physical and chemical state of the urine1 the attentive and observing physician may obtain a great quantity of information for ascertaining and establishing a diagnosis4 ,more than all other signs1 the correct examination of the sediment is of importance to the physician4 99 99 99 ,for the medical man it is the compass which guides him in the unlimited chaos of disease and its treatment2 for the patient it is the thermometer of his condition1 the premonitory indication of the decrease or aggravation of his malady2 and for the healthy man it is the regulator of his diet and his life4 ,every one is aware of the variations of the barometer1 and we know that the fluctuations of the column of mercury are closely associated with the variable conditions of the atmosphere2 so1 to the practical observer1 variations of the urine1 as well as the elements composing it1 point out with certainty the changes in health1 and the condition of the organs4 ,while we recognize the importance of examining the urine as an aid in distinguishing diseases1 and have made this old ,german method of diagnosis a special study1 yet we do not claim that all diseases can be unmistakably distinguished by such examinations alone4 ,we take a conservative position and have no confidence in that class of ignorant fanatics whose pet hobby is uroscopy4 ,from every person who solicits our professional services1 we require explicit answers to numerous important questions1 that we may know the age1 sex1 vocation1 etc41 as well as the prominent symptoms manifested4 ,,consultations ,,by ,,letter4 ,formerly1 we published in this book a very extensive list of questions to be answered by those consulting us1 but a large experience has convinced us that beyond requiring answers to a few leading questions1 which we still retain1 it is better to let the patient describe the malady in his or her own way and language4 ,after receiving and considering such a history1 if we do not fully understand the patient's malady1 we will ask such further questions as may be necessary4 ,the patient should1 however1 in addition to writing name1 post-office1 county1 and state1 plainly1 state the name of the town containing the nearest express office4 ,next give age1 sex1 whether married or single1 complexion1 height1 present and former weight1 if known1 and occupation4 ,state also if you have been a hard worker1 and whether it is necessary for you to labor hard now1 how long you have been out of health1 and from what particular symptoms you suffer most4 ,follow this with a history of your case in your own language4 ,if you find in this volume an accurate description of your disease1 state the page and paragraph where it occurs4 ,,free ,,consultation4 ,we now make no charge for consultation by letter1 but1 instead of the one dollar formerly charged by us as a consultation fee1 as we are desirous of making our facilities for treatment known to invalids far and near1 we request that all persons writing to us for advice send us the names of all those within the circle of their acquaintance who are in any way in need of medical or surgical treatment for chronic diseases4 ,if convenient1 send the list on a separate piece of paper4 ,,charges ,,must ,,be ,,prepaid4 ,should you send a vial of urine for analysis1 about a cupful will do1 and all express charges on it must be prepaid4 ,all liquids are excluded from the mails1 when discovered1 and yet we have received hundreds of samples through the mails safely when put in homoeopathic or other very small vials1 well corked and carefully packed in a light tin can or wooden box1 or in a light pine stick bored out hollow1 the vial being carefully packed in sufficient saw-dust or blotting paper to absorb all liquid should the vial get broken4 ,letter postage1 that is1 two cents for each one ounce or fraction thereof1 must be paid upon these sealed packages4 ,send the first urine that is passed after rising in the morning4 ,,reliable ,,medicines4 ,next in importance to a correct understanding of the patient's disease1 is the possession of reliable remedies for its treatment4 ,many of the medicines employed by physicians engaged in general practice are prepared from old drugs that have lost all their medicinal virtues1 and hence are utterly useless and ineffectual4 ,many vegetable extracts are inert1 because the plants from which they are produced were not gathered at the proper time4 ,to give the reader an idea of the great care which we exercise in the selection and preparation of our medicines1 he is requested to read under the head of ,the ,preparation of ,medicines1 in ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,,our ,,terms ,,for ,,treatment require the payment of monthly fees1 in advance1 which entitles the patient to medicines specially prepared for and adapted to his or her particular case1 and to all necessary attention and advice4 ,our fees for treatment are moderate1 varying according to the nature and requirements of each particular case1 and will be made known at the time of consultation4 ,,why ,,our ,,fees ,,are ,,required ,,in ,,advance4 ,we receive applications from strangers residing in all parts of ,america1 and even in foreign countries1 and it is not reasonable to suppose that credit could be dispensed so indiscriminately4 ,it would not be a correct business transaction for a merchant to send a barrel of sugar or a roll of cloth to a stranger living hundreds of miles away1 to be paid for when used4 ,our knowledge and medicines constitute our capital in business1 and an order upon that capital should be accompanied with an equivalent4 ,some applicants refer us to their neighbors for a testimonial of their integrity4 ,we cannot spare the time or employ assistants to make such inquiries for the sake of trusting any one4 ,should credit be thus indiscriminately given1 there would necessarily be losses1 and1 to compensate for these1 and the extra expense incurred by the employment of assistants1 our fees would have to be much larger1 thereby imposing the burden upon those who do pay4 ,instead of following this method of procedure1 we place professional services within the reach of all1 so that a greater number may be benefited4 ,many invalids say that they have paid large sums of money to medical men for treatment without obtaining relief4 ,unfortunately our land is cursed with quacks and unprincipled practitioners1 who seek no one's good but their own1 and it is a defect in our law that it permits such swindlers to go unpunished4 ,not so reprehensible is the family physician who fails1 because his limited and varied practice does not permit him to become proficient in treating chronic diseases4 ,the following beautiful sentiment of ,hood truthfully expresses the sacredness of the physician's trust3 ,above all price of wealth ,the body's jewel4 ,not for minds or hands profane ,to tamper with in practice vain4 ,like to a woman's virtue is man's health2 ,a heavenly gift within a holy shrine6 ,to be approached and touched with serious fear1 ,by hands made pure and hearts of faith severe1 ,e'en as the priesthood of the ,one ,divine4 ,we are in regular practice1 responsible for what we say and do1 and cordially invite those who desire further evidence of our success in curing chronic diseases to come to the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute and satisfy themselves of the truthfulness of our statements4 ,we are warranted in saying that our responsibility and disposition for fair dealing are known to many of the principal mercantile houses1 as well as to all prominent ,american editors4 ,we also refer to our present and former patients1 one or more of whom may be found in almost every hamlet of ,america4 ,to all who are under our treatment we devote our highest energies and skill1 fully realizing that an untold blessing is conferred upon every person whom we cure1 and that such cures insure the permanency of our business4 ,on the contrary1 we realize how unfortunate it is for us to fail in restoring to health any person whom we have encouraged to hope for relief4 ,we are careful1 therefore1 not to assume the treatment of incurable cases1 except when desired to do so for the purpose of mitigating suffering or prolonging life2 for we never wish to encourage false hopes of recovery4 ,,terms ,,for ,,board ,,and ,,treatment ,,at ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute are moderate1 varying with the nature of the case and the apartments occupied4 ,at times so great is the number applying to avail themselves of the skill of our ,faculty1 and the advantages which our institution affords1 that we are unable to receive all applicants4 ,to be sure of securing good apartments1 it is well to engage them sometime ahead1 and make an advance payment of fifty dollars or more upon them1 which will be refunded in case acute sickness or any similar cause should prevent the patient from occupying them at the time specified4 ,complete terms for treatment and board can be arranged only when personal application for entrance to the institution is made1 and the nature and extent of the disease and the necessary treatment fully determined by personal examination of the case4 ,if satisfactory terms and arrangements cannot at that time be agreed upon1 or if the case be deemed incurable1 any advance payments that have been made to secure good apartments will be promptly refunded4 ,,special ,,advice4 ,those coming here to consult us personally1 should bring the money to pay for our services and for board and care while remaining here1 in the form of drafts on ,new ,york ,city1 ,boston or ,chicago1 and not in the form of checks on a local or home bank4 ,such drafts can be purchased in the home bank by paying a small amount for the exchange4 ,if more convenient1 post office orders payable at ,buffalo post office will do4 ,,visiting ,,patients ,,who ,,reside ,,at ,a ,,distance4 ,we are frequently asked to visit patients residing hundreds of miles away1 that we may personally examine their cases1 or perform difficult surgical operations4 ,we can seldom comply with such requests as the time of our professional ,staff is generally very fully occupied4 ,,to ,,physicians wishing to consult us in intricate cases of chronic diseases under their treatment1 we desire to say that we shall1 as in the past1 take pleasure in responding to their solicitations4 ,we have all the necessary instruments and appliances required in executing the most difficult surgical operations1 and1 as we have had much experience in this department1 we are always ready and able to assist physicians who do not practice operative surgery4 ,in this age of railways and telegraphs medical and surgical aid can be summoned from a distance and promptly obtained4 ,,our ,,medicines as put up for sale through druggists1 are not recommended as cure-alls1 or panaceas1 but only as superior remedies for certain common and easily-recognized diseases4 ,they are our favorite prescriptions1 improved and perfected by long study and a vast experience in the treatment of chronic diseases1 and have gained world-wide celebrity and sale4 ,we are well aware that there are many chronic diseases that can only be successfully treated and cured by careful adaptation of remedies to each individual case4 ,this is especially true of the ever-varying and delicate diseases of the kidneys and bladder4 ,it is not less so with reference to nervous debility1 involuntary vital losses1 with which so many young and middle-aged men are afflicted2 and we may also include in this list epilepsy or fits1 paralysis or palsy1 obstinate gleety discharges1 and many other chronic and delicate ailments of which our staff of physicians and surgeons cure annually many thousands of cases1 but for which we do not recommend any of our put-up1 ready-made1 or proprietary medicines4 ,,no ,,relationship ,,with ,,humbugs4 ,had our put-up or proprietary medicines1 as sold by druggists the world over1 been adapted to all classes and forms of chronic diseases1 there would have been no necessity for our organizing a competent staff of physicians and surgeons to act as experts in the treatment of difficult1 obscure1 and complicated cases of chronic diseases4 ,that we keep constantly employed1 in our ,buffalo and ,london institutions1 eighteen medical gentlemen1 with such helpers as chemists1 clerks1 etc41 is indisputable proof that the medicines we offer for sale through druggists should not be classed with the humbug nostrums recommended to cure everything4 ,they are the outgrowth of our vast and extended practice in the treatment of chronic diseases2 are well-tried1 world-famed1 and honest medicines4 ,they are not unduly puffed and lauded1 but simply recommended for such diseases as are easily recognized and which they are known to cure4 ,,not ,,confined ,,in ,,prescribing ,our physicians1 in the treatment of cases consulting us1 prescribe just such medicines as are adapted to each particular case4 ,they are not confined in the least to our list of a few put-up or proprietary medicines 7valuable as they are when applicable to the case7 but resort to the whole broad range of the materia medica1 employed by the most advanced physicians of the age4 ,they are not hampered by any school1 ism or pathy4 ,,our ,,medicines ,,prepared ,,with ,,the ,,greatest ,,care4 ,the medicines employed are all prepared in our own ,laboratory by skilled chemists and pharmacists1 and the greatest care is exercised to have them manufactured from the freshest and purest ingredients4 ,our ,faculty probably employ a greater number and variety of native roots1 barks1 and herbs1 in their practice then are used in any other invalids' resort in the land4 ,using vast quantities of these indigenous medicines1 we can afford and do not neglect to have them gathered with great care1 at the proper seasons of the year1 so that their medicinal properties may be most reliable4 ,too little attention is generally paid to this matter1 and many failures result from the prescribing of worthless medicines by physicians who have to depend for their supplies upon manufacturers who are careless or indifferent in obtaining the crude plants and roots from which to manufacture their medicines for the market4 ,while depending largely upon solid and fluid extracts of native plants1 roots1 barks1 and herbs1 in prescribing for disease1 yet we do not use them to the exclusion of other valuable curative drugs and chemicals4 ,we aim to be unprejudiced and independent in our selection of remedies1 adopting at all times a rational system of therapeutics4 ,this liberal course of action has1 in a vast experience1 proved most successful4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 #ffc ,,main ,,street1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president ,,garfield',s ,,endorsement ,,of ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute ,,and ,,its ,,founder4 ,the following letter from an eminent lawyer of ,tennessee1 is noteworthy1 inasmuch as it shows the estimation in which ,dr4 ,pierce and the institutions which he has founded were held by the lamented ,garfield1 who was one of the ,doctor's intimate friends and colleagues while he was serving as a member of ,congress3 ,,office ,,of ,h4,f4 ,,coleman1 ,,attorney ,,at ,,law1 ,,sneedville1 ,,tenn41 ,aug4 #aa1 #ahhd ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 #ffc ,main ,st41 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,,gentlemen3--,your letter of the #cast ult4 just received and contents noted4 ,i am perfectly satisfied with the explanation1 and ask pardon for the sharp letter written you some days since4 ,the mails are very irregular1 as you know1 and we are too apt to be impatient and attribute our mishaps to the wrong cause4 ,your honesty1 integrity and ability are not doubted in the least by me4 ,i have1 perhaps1 a higher endorsement of you than any other patient under your care1 and for your gratification ,i will give it to you4 ,some time since ,i was in conversation with ,congressman ,pettibone1 of this ,state1 when the following conversation took place3 ,you say1 said the ,major1 that you have visited ,dr4 ,pierce's medical establishment in ,buffalo1 ,new ,york8 ,yes1 sir1 ,i did4 ,you found everything as represented8 ,yes1 sir1 as was represented1 and which ,i assure you was quite encouraging to a man who had traveled as far as ,i had to visit an institution of that kind4 ,that man1 ,dr4 ,pierce1 said the ,major1 is one of the best men of the times4 ,while at ,washington1 during my first term1 he continued1 one day ,i was in ,president ,garfield's room and a fine-looking1 broad-foreheaded gentleman came in1 and ,president ,garfield arose and took him by the hand and said1 ',good morning1 ,doctor1 ,i am so glad to see you1' and then turned and introduced him to me as ,dr4 ,pierce1 of ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,knowing the ,doctor by reputation1 and having seen his pictures1 ,i at once recognized him4 ,he1 in a short time1 left the room1 and ,garfield said to me1 ',major1 that is one of the best men in the world1 and he is at the head of one of the best medical institutions in the world4' ,with this high endorsement1 ,i have unbounded confidence in your integrity and ability4 ,very truly yours1 ,h4,f4 ,,coleman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notices ,,of ,,the ,,press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,professional ,,staff4 ,the ,buffalo ,evening ,news says3 ,each and every member of the medical and surgical staff of the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute is a graduate in medicine and surgery from one or more legally chartered medical colleges1 and several of the members have had many years of experience as army surgeons1 and in hospital and general as well as in special practice4 ,one is a licentiate of the ,royal ,college of ,physicians1 ,edinburgh2 licentiate of the ,faculty of ,physicians and ,surgeons1 ,glasgow2 licentiate of midwifery1 ,glasgow2 member of the ,royal ,college of ,surgeons1 ,london1 ,england2 extraordinary member of the ,royal ,medical ,society1 ,edinburgh1 etc4 ,another is a graduate of the ,university of ,pennsylvania1 at ,philadelphia2 another of the ,new ,york ,medical ,college2 another of the ,buffalo ,medical ,college1 and of the ,college of ,physicians and ,surgeons1 ,new ,york2 another of ,cincinnati ,medical ,college1 and of the ,university of ,new ,york2 another from ,buffalo ,medical ,college1 and diplomas from all these institutions1 as well as from many others equally noted1 can be seen at the offices of this institution1 if any one feels any interest in them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,roman ,,citizen1 7,,rome1 ,n4,y474 ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute4 ,one of the most extensive institutions in this country for the treatment of chronic ailments is the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute at ,buffalo1 under the control of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association1 of which ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce is ,president4 ,the hotel itself is a wonderful affair1 combining all the comforts and conveniences of a luxurious home with the most complete facilities for the successful treatment of all chronic diseases incident to humanity4 ,dr4 ,,pierce has a world-wide fame as a skillful practitioner1 and his corps of assistants comprises many physicians and surgeons of great ability and large experience in the treatment of chronic and surgical diseases4 ,those who have been treated by the ,association are loud in their praises1 and we understand that the number of its patients increases with each succeeding year4 ,the country is full of people who have been doctoring year after year without successful results1 and the probabilities are that in a majority of such cases a few months spent at the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute in the care of its medical experts1 would result in material and permanent benefit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,washington 7,d4,c47 ,,chronicle4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,attractions ,,at ,,buffalo4 ,in the enterprising city of ,buffalo some eminent and capable professional people have established an ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 under the comprehensive direction and control of the ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association at #ffc ,main ,street1 in that beautiful city4 ,this ,institute is organized with a full staff of eighteen physicians and surgeons1 and the hotel is exclusively devoted to treatment of chronic diseases4 ,this corps of doctors make a specialty of chronic maladies1 and the ,institute is reputed to have abundant skill1 facilities and apparatus for the successful treatment of every form of chronic ailment1 whether requiring for its cure medical or surgical means4 ,the building occupied is a massive one of five stories4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,missouri ,,republican 7,,st4 ,,louis74 ,a ,,remarkable ,,professional ,,success4 ,among the notable professional men of this country who have achieved extraordinary success is ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,the prominence which he has attained has been reached through strictly legitimate means1 and so far1 therefore1 he deserves the enviable reputation which he enjoys4 ,this large measure of success is the result of a thorough and careful preparation for his calling1 and extensive reading during a long and unusually large practice1 which has enabled him to gain high commendation1 even from his professional brethren4 ,devoting his attention to certain specialties of the science he has so carefully investigated1 he has been rewarded in a remarkable degree4 ,in these specialties he has become a recognized leader4 ,not a few of the remedies prescribed by him have1 it is said1 been adopted and prescribed by physicians in their private practice4 ,his pamphlets and larger works have been received as useful contributions to medical knowledge4 ,he has recently added another1 and perhaps more important work1 because of more general application1 to the list of his published writings4 ,this book1 entitled ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 is designed to enter into general circulation4 ,for his labors in this direction1 ,dr4 ,,pierce has received acknowledgments and honors from many sources1 and especially scientific degrees from two of the first medical institutions in the land4 ,his works have been translated into the ,german1 ,spanish1 ,french1 and other foreign languages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,toledo ,,blade4 ,dr4 ,,pierce has now been before the general public long enough to enable the formation of a careful estimate of the efficiency of his treatment and his medicines1 and the verdict1 we are glad to know1 has been universally favorable to both4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,st4 ,,louis ,,globe4 ,,the ,,successful ,,physician4 ,dr4 ,,pierce is a type of a class of men who obtain success by careful and well-directed effort1 not attempting too much1 nor creating false ideas as to ability4 ,the only reliable physician1 in these days of complicated disorders and high-pressure living1 is the ,specialist1 the man who understands his own branch of the business4 ,such1 in his line1 is ,dr4 ,pierce4 ,he has written a ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 which is well worth reading4 ,with strict business honor1 high professional skill1 reasonable fees1 and a large corps of competent assistants ,dr4 ,pierce has made his name as familiar as household words4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from the ,rocky ,mountain ,herald4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 the greatest ,american specialist1 and proprietor of the ,world's ,dispensary1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 has sent us his new book entitled ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1 which is a handsome1 large volume1 elegantly got up1 with hundreds of wood-cuts and colored plates1 and a complete cyclopedia of medical teachings for old and young of both sexes4 ,it has every thing in it1 according to the latest scientific discoveries1 and withal is wonderfully commomensical in its style and teachings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from the ,lafayette ,daily ,courier4 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 of ,buffalo1 distinguished in surgery1 and the general practice of the profession he honors1 has made a valuable contribution to the medical literature of the day1 in a comprehensive work entitled ,the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser4 ,while scientific throughout1 it is singularly free from technical and stilted terms4 ,it comes right down to the common-sense of every-day life1 and1 to quote from the author himself1 seeks to inculcate the facts of science rather than the theories of philosophy4 ,this entertaining and really instructive work seems to be in harmony with the enlarged sphere of thought1 as touching the open polar sea of evolution4 ,he considers man in every phase of his existence1 from the rayless atom to the grand upbuilding of the noblest work of ,god4 ,dr4 ,,pierce is a noble specimen of ,american manhood4 ,he has sprung from the people1 and with many sympathies in common with the masses1 has sought to render them a substantial service in this the great work of his life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from the ,new ,york ,independent4 ,,laurels ,,for ,,true ,,worth4 ,a wise physician1 skill'd our wounds to heal1 ,is more than armies to the public weal4 ,to be honored in his own land is the crowning blessing of the man who has been the architect of his own fortune--the man who has made for himself1 with his own hands and brain1 a princely fortune and an enduring fame4 ,from ,,comley',s ,history of ,new ,york ,state1 containing biographical sketches of the men who have given wealth1 stamina1 and character to the ,empire ,state1 we clip the following brief sketch of the distinguished physician1 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 of ,buffalo3 ,every nation owes its peculiar character1 its prosperity--in brief1 every thing that distinguishes it as an individual nation1--to the few men belonging to it who have the courage to step beyond the boundaries prescribed by partisanship1 professional tradition1 or social customs4 ,in professional no less than in political life there occasionally arise men who burst the fetters of conventionalism1 indignantly rejecting the arbitrary limits imposed upon their activity1 and step boldly forward into new fields of enterprise4 ,we call these men self-made4 ,the nation claims them as her proudest ornaments--the men upon whom she can rely1 in peace for her glory1 in war for her succor4 ,of this class of men the medical profession has furnished a distinguished example in the successful and justly-celebrated physician1 ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 and any history treating of the industries of the ,empire ,state would be incomplete without a sketch of his useful and earnest work4 99 99 99 ,specially educated for the profession which he so eminently adorns1 he early supplemented his studies by extensive and original research in its several departments4 ,he brought to his chosen work acute perceptive and reflective powers1 and that indomitable energy that neither shrinks at obstacles nor yields to circumstances4 ,in physique1 ,dr4 ,,pierce is an ideal type of ,american manhood4 ,of medium stature1 robust1 his appearance is characterized by a healthful1 vigorous vitality1 while the full1 lofty brow and handsomely cut features are indicative of that comprehensive mental power and remarkable business sagacity which have combined to place him among the distinguished men of the age4 99 99 99 ,as an earnest worker for the welfare of his fellow-men1 ,dr4 ,,pierce has won their warmest sympathy and esteem4 ,while seeking to be their servant only1 he has become a prince among them4 ,yet the immense fortune lavished upon him by a generous people he hoards not1 but invests in the erection and establishment of institutions directly contributive to the public good1 the people thus realizing1 in their liberal patronage1 a new meaning of the beautiful ,oriental custom of casting bread upon the waters4 ,noted in both public and private life for his unswerving integrity and all those sterling virtues that ennoble manhood1 ,dr4 ,,pierce ranks high among those few men whose names the ,empire ,state is justly proud to inscribe upon her roll of honor4 ,dr4 ,,pierce has lately erected a palatial ,invalids' ,hotel for the reception of his patients1 at a cost of over half a million dollars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,time4 ,speaking of ,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 the ,buffalo 7,n4,y47 ,commercial says3 ,he came here an unknown man1 almost friendless1 with no capital except his own manhood1 which1 however1 included plenty of brains and pluck1 indomitable perseverance1 and inborn uprightness1 capital enough for any man in this progressive country1 if only he has good health and habits as well4 ,he had all these great natural advantages1 and one thing more1 an excellent education4 ,he had studied medicine and been regularly licensed to practice as a physician4 ,but he was still a student1 fond of investigation and experiment4 ,he discovered1 or invented1 important remedial agencies or compounds4 ,not choosing to wait wearily for the sick and suffering to find out 7without any body to tell them7 that he could do them good1 he advertised his medicines and invited the whole profession of every school1 to examine and pronounce judgment on his formulas4 ,he advertised liberally1 profusely1 but with extraordinary shrewdness1 and with a method which is in itself a lesson to all who seek business by that perfectly legitimate means4 ,his success has been something marvelous--so great1 indeed1 that it must be due to intrinsic merit in the articles he sells1 more even than to his unparalleled skill in the use of printer's ink4 ,the present writer once asked a distinguished dispensing druggist to explain the secret of the almost universal demand for ,dr4 ,,pierce',s medicines4 ,he said they were in fact genuine medicines--such compounds as every good physician would prescribe for the diseases which they were advertised to cure4 ,of course1 they cost less than any druggist would charge for the same article1 supplied on a physician's prescription1 and1 besides1 there was the doctor's fee saved4 ,moreover1 buying the drugs in such enormous quantities1 having perfect apparatus for purifying and compounding the mixture1 he could not only get better articles in the first place1 but present the medicine in better form and cheaper than the same mixture could possibly be obtained from any other source4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extracts from ,biographical ,sketches of ,new ,york ,senators4 ,at the age of eighteen1 he 7,dr4 ,,pierce7 entered a medical school1 and proved a devoted student1 graduating at twenty-three with the highest honors4 ,a simple knowledge of the routine of practice as then in vogue1 was not enough4 ,he sought new means of healing1 and explored schools of practice that were prohibited by his sect4 ,he denounced errors in the prevailing schools and accepted truths belonging to those prohibited4 ,every one knows how such daring and destructive innovations are regarded by the medical profession generally4 ,dr4 ,,pierce was no exception to the rule4 ,but he paid no attention to detraction1 pursuing his own way with that energy which proves now to be a most excellent ally of his medical instincts4 ,the ,world's ,dispensary is to-day the greatest institution of its kind in the world4 ,more than two hundred persons are employed1 eighteen being skillful physicians and surgeons1 each devoting himself to a special branch of the profession1 all acting together when required1 as a council4 ,the printing department of the ,dispensary is larger than the similar department of any paper outside of the ,new ,york ,herald4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from ,the ,new ,york ,times4 ,,well-,,merited ,,success4 ,the author of ,the ,people's ,medical ,adviser is well-known to the ,american public as a physician of fine attainments1 and his ,family ,medicines are favorite remedies in thousands of our households4 ,as a counselor and friend1 ,dr4 ,,pierce is a cultured1 courteous gentleman4 ,he has devoted all his energies to the alleviation of human suffering4 ,with this end in view and his whole heart in his labors1 he has achieved marked and merited success4 ,there can be no real success without true merit4 ,that his success is real1 is evidenced by the fact that his reputation1 as a man and physician1 does not deteriorate2 and the fact that there is a steadily increasing demand for his medicines1 proves that they are not nostrums1 but reliable remedies for disease4 ,the various departments of the ,world's ,dispensary in which his ,family ,medicines are compounded and his special prescriptions prepared1 are provided with all modern facilities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,new ,york ,tribune says3 ,the ,american mind is active4 ,it has given us books of fiction for the sentimentalist1 learned books for the scholar and professional student1 but few books for the people4 ,a book for the people must relate to a subject of universal interest4 ,such a subject is the physical man1 and such a book ',the ,people's ,common ,sense ,medical ,adviser1' a copy of which has been recently laid on our table4 ,the high professional attainments of its author1--,dr4 ,r4,v4 ,,pierce1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41--and the advantages derived by him from an extensive practice1 should alone insure for his work a cordial reception4 ,price #a4ej1 post-paid4 ,address1 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from ,the ,boston ,daily ,globe4 ,a ,,cure ,,for ,,many ,,evils4 ,what can be accomplished by judicious enterprise1 when backed up by ability and professional skill1 is shown by the magnificent buildings of the ,world's ,dispensary and the ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute1 at ,buffalo4 ,while models of architectural beauty and completeness1 their real worth and usefulness consist rather in the humanitarian objects they are made to serve4 ,they stand superior to all institutions of their kind1 not only in material proportions but as well in the medical knowledge and practical experience of those connected with them4 ,in each department are those and those only who by natural bent and training are specially adapted to combating their particular class of the ills which flesh is heir to4 ,,vocabulary ,,of ,,the ,,common ,,sense ,,medical ,,adviser1 ,,giving ,,each ,,technical ,,word ,,employed1 ,,referring ,,to ,,its ,,images_/,,advise ,,when ,,possible1 ,,and ,,in ,,case ,,the ,,word ,,will ,,not ,,permit ,,of ,a ,,short ,,definition1 ,,referring ,,to ,,the ,,page ,,where ,a ,,full ,,description ,,of ,,its ,,meaning ,,may ,,be ,,found4 ,a ,,abdomen4 ,the part of the body between the diaphragm and pelvis1 containing the stomach1 intestines1 etc4 ,the belly4 ,,abdominal4 ,belonging to the ,abdomen4 ,,abortion4 ,expulsion of the foetus before the seventh month of pregnancy4 ,,absorption4 ,the function of taking up substances from within or without the body4 ,,acetabulum4 ,the bone socket which receives the head of the thigh bone4 ,,acne4 ,pimples upon the face1 more common at the age of puberty4 ,,adipose ,,tissue4 ,a thin membrane composed of cells which contain fat4 ,,adventitious4 ,acquired4 ,,albumen ,,in ,,urine in chemical composition resembles the white of an egg1 and is detected by the application of heat1 nitric acid1 etc4 ,,albuminoid4 ,of the nature of albumen4 ,,albuminuria4 ,a condition or disease in which the urine contains albumen4 7,see above47 ,,alimentary ,,canal4 ,the canal extending from the mouth to the anus1 through which the food passes4 ,,allopathy4 ,allopathic school4 ,defined on page #bic4 ,,alterative4 ,a medicine which gradually changes the constitution1 restoring healthy functions4 ,,alveolar ,,process4 ,the bony structure which contains the sockets of the teeth4 ,,amaurosis4 ,loss or decay of sight from disease of the optic nerve4 ,,amenorrhea4 ,suppression of the menses4 ,,amnion4 ,a membrane enveloping the foetus and the liquid4 ,,amputation4 ,the operation of cutting off a limb4 ,,amyloid ,,degeneration4 ,alteration in the texture of organs1 which resembles wax or lard4 ,,amyloids4 ,foods composed of carbon and hydrogen2 as sugar1 starch1 etc4 ,,an,,mia4 ,privation of blood4 ,lack of red corpuscles in the blood4 ,,anasarca4 ,dropsy attended with bloating all over the body4 ,,anatomy4 ,the science of the structure of the body4 ,,anesthetic4 ,an agent that prevents feeling in surgical operations1 and in some diseases of a painful nature4 ,,angina 7,,pectoris74 ,violent pain about the heart1 attended with anxiety and difficult breathing4 ,,animalcula1 ,,animalcule4 ,an animal so small as to be invisible1 or nearly so1 to the naked eye4 ,,anodynes4 ,medicines which relieve pain4 ,,anteversion4 ,the womb falling forward upon the bladder4 ,illus4 p4 #gaf4 ,,anthelmintics4 ,medicines which destroy or expel worms from the stomach and intestines4 ,,antidote4 ,a remedy to counteract the effect of poison4 ,,antifebrile4 ,a remedy which abates fever4 ,,antiperiodic4 ,a remedy which prevents the regular appearance of similar symptoms in the course of a disease4 ,,antiseptic4 ,medicines which prevent putrefaction4 ,,antispasmodics4 ,medicines which relieve spasm4 ,,anus4 ,the circular opening at the end of the bowel1 through which the excrement leaves the body4 ,,aorta4 ,the great artery of the body arising from the heart4 ,illus4 page #eh4 ,,aperient4 ,a medicine which moves the bowels gently4 ,,aphth4 ,sore mouth1 beginning in pimples and ending in white ulcers4 ,,aphthous4 ,complicated with aphth4 ,,apnoea4 ,short1 hurried breathing4 ,,apoplexy4 ,the effects of a sudden rush of blood to an organ2 as the brain1 lungs1 etc4 ,brain pressure1 from rupture of a blood-vessel4 ,,aqueous ,,humor4 ,the clear fluid contained in the front chambers of the eye4 ,,arachnoid4 ,a thin1 spider-web like membrane covering the brain4 ,,areolar ,,tissue4 ,the network of delicate fibres spread over the body1 binding the various organs and parts together4 ,,artery4 ,a vessel carrying blood from the heart to the various parts of the body2 usually red in color4 ,,articular4 ,relating to the joints4 ,,articulated4 ,jointed4 ,,articulations4 ,the union of one bone with another4 ,a ,joint4 ,,ascites4 ,accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity4 ,,asphyxia4 ,a condition of apparent death owing to the supply of air being cut off2 as in drowning1 inhalation of gases1 sun-stroke1 etc4 ,,aspirator4 ,an instrument for the evacuation of fluids from the cavities of the body1 as water in abdominal dropsy1 the contents of tumors1 etc4 ,,assimilation4 ,appropriating and transforming into its own substance1 matters foreign to the body4 ,,astringents4 ,medicines which contract the flesh4 ,,atonic1 ,,atony4 ,wanting tone4 ,,atrophied4 ,wasted2 lessened in bulk4 ,,atrophy4 ,wasting away2 diminution in size4 ,,auditory ,,nerves4 ,the nerves connecting the brain with the ears and employed in exercising the sense of hearing4 ,,auscultation4 ,diagnosing diseases by listening1 either with or without instruments4 ,b ,,balanitis4 ,gonorrhea of the mucous surface of the head of the penis4 ,,benign4 ,harmless2 a term applied to tumors4 ,,beverage4 ,a liquor for drinking4 ,,bile4 ,a yellow bitter fluid secreted by the liver4 ,defined on page #hj4 ,,bilious4 ,disordered in respect to bile4 ,relating to bile4 ,,bilious ,,temperament1 ,,volitive ,,temperament4 ,see page #agc4 ,,biology4 ,the science of life4 ,,bistoury4 ,a small cutting knife4 ,,bladder 7,,urinary74 ,the organ1 situated behind the pubic bone1 which holds the urine until its expulsion4 ,illus4 pages #bjf and #bjg4 ,,blebs4 ,eminences of the skin containing a watery fluid4 ,,bloody-,,flux4 ,a disease characterized by frequent1 scanty1 and bloody stools4 ,,boil4 ,an inflamed tumor which comes to a head and discharges matter and a core4 ,see page #ddc4 ,,bolus4 ,a large pill4 ,,bougie4 ,a long1 flexible instrument used for dilating contracted canals and passages4 ,,breach4 ,some form of hernia of the abdomen4 ,see page #hfb4 ,,broad ,,ligaments ,,of ,,the ,,uterus4 ,folds of the peritoneum which support the womb and contain the ,fallopian tubes and ovaries4 ,illus4 p4 #bjf4 ,,bronchea4 ,tubes formed by the division of the windpipe4 ,illus4 page #fd4 ,,bronchocele4 ,thick neck1 goitre4 ,,bubo4 ,an inflammatory tumor in the groin4 ,,bulla4 ,a bleb or large pimple containing transparent fluid4 ,c ,,cachexia4 ,a depraved condition of the system2 as from poor food1 syphilis1 etc4 ,,calcareous4 ,containing lime4 ,,calcification4 ,the process of forming of1 or converting into1 chalk4 ,,calculus1 ,,calculi4 ,stones or similar concretions formed by the deposit of solid matter2 of lime1 soda1 uric acid1 urates1 oxalates1 etc4 ,,calisthenics4 ,healthful exercise of the body and limbs1 for purposes of strength and agility4 ,,cancellated ,,structure4 ,cells communicating with each other forming a structure resembling lattice-work4 ,,canker4 ,ulcers in the mouth4 ,,capillaries4 ,very small blood-vessels4 ,defined on page #fj4 ,,carbonic ,,acid4 ,a heavy1 poisonous gas4 ,choke damp4 ,,cardiac4 ,pertaining to the heart4 ,near or towards the heart4 ,,carminatives4 ,medicines which allay pain in the stomach and intestines by expelling the gas4 ,,carotids4 ,the great arteries at the sides of the neck4 ,,cartilage4 ,a solid part of the body found in the joints1 ends of the ribs1 etc4 ,it is softer than bone but harder than ligament4 ,,cartilaginous ,,tissue4 ,parts of the body of the nature of cartilage4 ,,caruncul4 ,fleshy growths4 ,,casein4 ,the part of milk which contains nitrogen4 ,cheese curd4 ,,catalytics4 ,medicines which destroy morbid agencies in the blood4 ,alteratives4 ,,catamenia4 ,monthly flow of the female4 ,,cataract4 ,opacity of the lens of the eye1 or its covering1 or both4 ,,cathartics4 ,medicines which cause evacuation of the bowels4 ,,catheter4 ,a hollow tube introduced into the bladder through the urethra for the purpose of drawing off the urine4 ,,caustics4 ,substances which destroy animal tissue4 ,,cauterization4 ,burning or searing by a hot iron1 or caustic medicines4 ,,cauterize4 ,to burn or sear by a hot iron1 or by medicines which destroy4 ,,cell4 ,a little vessel having a membranous wall and containing fluid4 ,the whole body may be considered as formed of different kinds of cells4 ,,cellular ,,structure4 ,see ,,cancellated ,,structure4 ,,cerebellum4 ,little brain4 ,base brain4 ,illus4 page #ajj4 ,,cerebrum4 ,the upper or large brain4 ,illus4 page #ajj4 ,,cervix4 ,neck2 neck of the womb4 ,illus4 page #bjf4 ,,chalybeate4 ,mineral waters which contain iron4 ,,chancre4 ,a virulent1 syphilitic ulcer4 ,figs4 #bg and #bh1 ,plate ,v41 ,pamphlet ,x4 ,,chancroid4 ,resembling infectious chancre4 ,soft chancre4 ,,chlorosis4 ,green sickness4 ,a disease of young women attended with a greenish hue of the skin1 debility1 etc4 ,,cholagogues4 ,cathartics which stimulate the liver4 ,,chord ,,tendine4 ,cord-like substances about the valves of the heart4 ,see page #eg4 ,,cordee4 ,,choroid4 ,the dark colored lining membrane of the eye4 ,,chyle4 ,food digested and ready for absorption4 ,see pages #de and #di4 ,,chylous ,,products4 ,see ,,chyle4 ,,chyme4 ,food after being subjected to the action of the gastric fluids4 ,,cicatrix4 ,the scar or place where parts which have been cut or divided1 are united4 ,,cilia4 ,small hairs4 ,,circumcision4 ,an operation for removing superfluous foreskin4 ,,circumvallate4 ,arranged in oblique lines1 as the prominences on the back of the tongue4 ,,clap4 ,gonorrhea4 ,a venereal disease of the urethra4 ,,clavicle4 ,see ,,collar-,,bone4 ,,clinical ,,medicine4 ,investigation of disease at the bedside4 ,,coagulate4 ,to thicken or harden1 as heat hardens the white of an egg4 ,,coition4 ,sexual intercourse4 ,the act of generation4 ,,collar-,,bone 7,,clavicle74 ,a bone at the front and top of chest1 attached by one end to the breast-bone and by the other to the shoulder-blade4 ,,colon4 ,part of the large intestines4 ,illus4 page #dj4 ,,coma4 ,a condition of profound sleep from which it is difficult to arouse the patient4 ,,comedones4 ,pimples on the face4 ,see page #dab1 and ,fig4 #h4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,,compress4 ,a soft cloth folded to several thicknesses1 so that with a bandage pressure can be applied1 or by wetting in hot water1 a part can be subjected to the influences of heat and moisture4 ,,conception4 ,impregnation of the ovum2 the beginning of a new being4 ,,congenital4 ,applied to a disease born with one2 from birth4 ,,congestion4 ,an abnormal amount of blood in a part or organ4 ,,conjunctiva4 ,the membrane which covers the external surface of the eyeball4 ,,conjunctivitis4 ,inflammation of the eye4 ,,contagion4 ,the transmission of disease from one to another by contact1 as hydrophobia1 syphilis2 or otherwise1 as measles1 scarlet fever1 etc4 ,,contagious4 ,capable of being transmitted from one person to another4 ,,continence4 ,abstinence from sexual intercourse or excitement4 ,,convalescence4 ,the recovery of health after sickness4 ,,convoluted4 ,curved or rolled together4 ,,copulation4 ,sexual intercourse4 ,,corium4 ,a layer of the akin4 ,,cornea4 ,a transparent covering of the front of the eye4 ,,corpuscles ,,of ,,the ,,blood4 ,defined and illustrated on page #ec4 ,,counter-,,irritants4 ,defined on page #cca4 ,,cowper',s ,,glands ,,of ,,the ,,male4 ,glands situated in front of the prostate gland4 ,illus4 page #bjg4 ,,coxalgia4 ,hip-joint disease4 ,see page #dea4 ,,cranium4 ,the skull4 ,the bones of the head4 ,,crayons4 ,sticks or cylinders made of ,cocoa butter and medicated4 ,,cross-,,eye4 ,one or both eyes drawn towards the nose4 ,squint4 ,,crustaceous4 ,belonging to the class of animals covered by a crust-like shell4 ,,cutaneous4 ,belonging to1 or affecting1 the skin4 ,,cuticle4 ,the outer layer of the skin1 consisting of small bony scales4 ,,cystitis4 ,inflammation of the bladder4 ,in chronic form1 ,catarrh of the bladder4 ,d ,,debris4 ,broken-down tissue4 ,waste material4 ,,decoction4 ,defined on page #cjc4 ,,defecation4 ,voiding excrement from the body4 ,,degeneration1 ,,fatty4 ,the deposit of particles of fat instead of the proper muscular tissue4 ,,deglutition4 ,swallowing4 ,conveying food to the stomach4 ,,dejection ,,of ,,mind4 ,despondency4 ,low spirits4 ,,dejections4 ,the matter voided from the bowels4 ,,deleterious4 ,destructive4 ,poisonous4 ,,dentition4 ,cutting of the teeth in infancy4 ,,deodorizer4 ,a substance that destroys a bad smell4 ,,depletion4 ,to empty the blood-vessels by lancing a vein or by medicines4 ,,depravation4 ,corruption4 ,,depurating4 ,cleansing4 ,,dermatologist4 ,one who makes diseases of the skin a specialty4 ,,desiccate4 ,to dry up4 ,,desquamation4 ,scaling off of the skin1 after fevers4 ,,desquamative ,,nephritis1 ,bright's ,disease1 in which epithelial cells escape with the urine4 ,,diabetes4 ,defined on page #hce4 ,,diagnosis4 ,the determination of a disease by its symptoms or characteristics4 ,,diagnostic4 ,the symptoms by which a disease is distinguished from others4 ,,diaphoretic4 ,medicines which increase perspiration4 ,,diaphragm4 ,defined on page #cb4 ,,diathesis4 ,peculiarity of constitution4 ,predisposition to certain diseases4 ,,digestion4 ,the function by which food passing along the alimentary canal is prepared for nutrition4 ,,dilatation4 ,increasing in size by ,instruments or other agencies4 ,,diluents4 ,fluids which thin the blood or hold medicines in solution4 ,,director4 ,an instrument having a groove which directs the knife and protects underlying parts from injury4 ,,disinfectants4 ,substances which arrest putrefaction4 ,,dislocation4 ,the act of or state of1 being forced from its proper situation4 ,,distilled4 ,separated by heat from other substances and collected by condensation4 ,,diuretics4 ,medicines which increase the flow of urine4 ,,douche4 ,dashes of water4 ,an instrument for washing the nasal membrane4 ,,drastics4 ,medicines which move the bowels harshly or frequently4 ,,dropsy4 ,the accumulation of fluid ,in the cavities or cellular tissue of the body4 ,,duodenum4 ,the first portion of the intestines4 ,illus4 page #dd4 ,,dura ,,mater4 ,a thick1 fibrous membrane lining the skull4 ,,dyscrasia4 ,a bad condition of body4 ,,dysentery4 ,a disease characterized by frequent1 scanty and bloody stools4 ,,dysmenorrhea4 ,difficult or painful menstruation4 ,,dyspnoea4 ,difficult breathing4 ,e ,,ear1 ,,internal4 ,defined on page #aaj4 ,illus4 page #aji4 ,,earthy ,,phosphates4 ,the white deposit in urine1 composed of phosphoric acid and a base4 ,,ecchymosis4 ,black or yellow spots produced by effused blood4 ,black eye ,is an example4 ,,eclectic ,,school4 ,see page #bid4 ,,ecraseur4 ,an instrument which amputates by a loop of wire4 ,,eczematous4 ,of the nature of ,eczema4 ,see page #dcj4 ,,edema 7,,oedema74 ,puffiness of the skin from the accumulation of fluid4 ,general dropsy4 ,,effluvia4 ,unpleasant odors or exhalations4 ,,effusion4 ,the pouring out of blood or other fluid4 ,,electrolysis4 ,decomposing or modifying by the application of electricity4 ,,eliminated4 ,discharged1 expelled4 ,,emaciation4 ,leanness in flesh4 ,,embryo4 ,the young of an animal at the beginning of its development in the womb4 ,,emetics4 ,medicines which empty the stomach upwards4 ,,emmenagogues4 ,medicines which favor or cause menstruation4 ,,empiricism4 ,practicing medicine upon results of experience1 generally by a person without a medical education4 ,,encephalic ,,temperament4 ,defined on page #agg4 ,,endocarditis4 ,inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart4 ,,endocardium4 ,the lining membrane of the heart ,,endometrltls4 ,disease of the lining membrane of the womb4 ,,enteric4 ,intestinal4 ,,enteritis4 ,inflammation of the mucous lining of the small intestines4 ,,epidemics4 ,diseases which attack a number of persons at the name time3 as yellow fever1 small-pox1 etc4 ,,epiglottis4 ,a cap over the windpipe1 allowing the admission of air1 but preventing the introduction of foreign bodies4 ,,epithelial ,,cells4 ,cells belonging to the epithelium4 ,,epithelium4 ,the thin covering upon the lips1 nipple1 mucous and serous membranes and lining the ducts1 blood-vessels and other canals4 ,,esophagus 7,,oesophagus74 ,the food-pipe4 ,illus4 page #dd4 ,,eustachlan ,,tube4 ,the tube leading from the throat to the inner ear4 ,illus1 page #aji4 ,,evacuaut4 ,cathartic4 ,,evolution4 ,defined on page #ad4 ,,excoriates4 ,removes the skin in part4 ,,excoriation4 ,a wound which removes some of the skin4 ,,excrementitious4 ,pertaining to the matter evacuated from the body4 ,,excrescences4 ,surface tumors2 as warts1 piles1 polypi1 etc4 ,,excretion4 ,the process by which waste materials are removed from the blood1 performed particularly by the lungs1 skin and kidneys4 ,,excretory ,,ducts4 ,minute vessels which transmit fluid from glands4 ,,exhalations4 ,that which is thrown off by the body1 as vapor1 gases1 etc4 ,,expectorants4 ,medicines which promote discharges from the lungs4 ,,expiration4 ,expelling the breath4 ,,extraneous ,,matter4 ,any substance which finds a place in the body and does not belong there4 ,foreign substances4 ,,extra-,,uterine4 ,outside of the womb1 but in its vicinity4 ,,extravasated4 ,escaped into surrounding tissues4 ,,extremities4 ,legs or arms4 ,,exudation4 ,substances discharged through the pores4 ,,exude4 ,to sweat2 to pass through a membrane4 ,f ,,fallopian ,,tube4 ,the canal through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the womb4 ,,faradization4 ,the application of electricity by inductive currents4 ,,fascia4 ,the white fibrous expansion of a muscle which binds parts together4 ,,fatty ,,degeneration4 ,the deposit of particles of fat instead of proper muscular tissue4 ,,febrifuge4 ,a medicine which abates or cures fevers4 ,,febrile4 ,relating to fever4 ,,fecundation4 ,the ovum uniting with the male germ4 ,impregnation4 ,,femoral ,,hernia4 ,thigh hernia4 ,illus4 page #hfc4 ,,fermented4 ,changed by a process of decomposition4 ,,ferruginous4 ,containing iron4 ,,fetid4 ,having an offensive smell4 ,stinking4 ,,fetor4 ,offensive smell4 ,stench4 ,,fibrous4 ,composed of fibres4 ,,fibrous ,,tissue4 ,the texture which unites every part of the body4 ,,filaments4 ,fibre2 the basis of texture4 ,,fimbriated4 ,finger-like4 ,,first ,,intention1 ,,healing ,,by4 ,healing without suppuration or the formation of pus4 ,,fissure4 ,a crack4 ,,fistula3 ,,fistul4 ,small canals or tubes which carry pus or other liquids through the flesh4 ,,fistula1 ,,urinary4 ,the abnormal communication between the urinary passages and the external surface4 ,,fistulous ,,openings4 ,the outer end of canals or tubes which carry pus to the surface4 ,,flatulency4 ,wind gathered in the stomach or bowels4 ,,flexion ,,of ,,the ,,womb4 ,a partial misplacement in which the womb is bent upon itself4 ,,flexures4 ,bending4 ,motion of a joint4 ,,flocculent4 ,combining or adhering in flocks or flakes4 ,,fluid ,,extracts4 ,the active principles of medicines in fluid form4 ,,foetus4 ,the unborn child4 ,,follicles 7,,of ,,hair74 ,small depressions in the skin4 ,,follicular4 ,relating to or affecting follicles4 ,,fomentations4 ,local application of cloths wrung out of hot water4 ,,forceps4 ,an instrument having a motion and use like the thumb and fore-finger4 ,pincers4 ,obstetrical forceps embrace the head of the foetus4 ,,foreskin4 ,that part of the skin of the penis which is prolonged over the head of the organ4 ,,formication4 ,a sensation like a number of ants creeping on a part4 ,,fracture4 ,broken bone4 ,in compound fracture the end of the bone projects through the skin4 ,,function4 ,the peculiar action of an organ1 or part of the body4 ,,functional4 ,pertaining to the specific action of an organ or part4 ,,fundus4 ,the bottom or base of an organ4 ,the fundus of the womb is its upper part1 when in its natural position4 ,,fungiform4 ,mushroom-shaped4 ,g ,,galvanism4 ,electricity4 ,,galvano-,,cautery4 ,burning or scarring by galvanic electricity4 ,,ganglion4 ,a nerve center which forms and distributes nerve-power4 ,,gangrene4 ,death of a part4 ,,gastric4 ,pertaining to the stomach4 ,,gastric ,,juice4 ,the digestive fluid supplied by the mucous membrane of the stomach4 ,,gelatinous4 ,jelly-like4 ,,generation4 ,the functions which are active in reproduction4 ,,genitals4 ,the sexual organs4 ,,gestation4 ,carrying the embryo in the uterus4 ,,glans4 ,head of the penis4 ,,gonorrhea4 ,a discharge of mucous from inflammation of the urethra or vagina1 caused by impure connection4 ,clap4 ,,granular ,,casts4 ,moulds of epithelium found by the microscope in chronic ,bright's ,disease4 ,,granular ,,lids4 ,roughness on the inner surface of the eyelids4 ,,granulations ,,heal ,,by4 ,see ,,granulations4 ,,granulations4 ,flesh-like shoots1 which appear in a wound and form its scar4 ,,granules4 ,small grains4 ,,gravel4 ,substances precipitated in the urine resembling sand4 ,,groin4 ,the oblique depression between the belly and thigh4 ,,grubs4 ,pimples on the face4 ,see page #ddb4 ,,gynecologist4 ,one who makes the ,diseases of ,women a specialty4 ,h ,,hair ,,bulbs4 ,the expansion or root of the hair4 ,,hallucinations4 ,perception or sensation of objects which do not exist2 as in ,tremens4 ,,hectic4 ,constitutional2 as hectic fever1 in which all parts of the body become emaciated4 ,,hemiplegia4 ,paralysis affecting only one side of the body4 ,,hemorrhoidal ,,veins4 ,the veins about the rectum which enlarge and form piles4 ,,hepatic4 ,relating or belonging to the liver4 ,,hereditary4 ,a disease transmitted from parent to child4 ,,hernia4 ,defined on page #hfb4 ,,hollow ,,of ,,the ,,sacrum4 ,the concave portion of the lower part of the spinal column within the pelvis4 ,,homeopathy4 ,defined on page #bid4 ,,hyaline ,,casts4 ,glassy appearing substances found by the microscope in urine in chronic ,bright's ,disease4 ,,hydragogues4 ,cathartics which produce copious watery discharges4 ,,hydrocele4 ,accumulation of fluid in the scrotum4 ,,hydrocephalus4 ,accumulation of fluid in the membranes about the brain4 ,,hydrothorax4 ,accumulation of fluid in the chest cavities4 ,,hygiene4 ,the principles or rules for the promotion or preservation of health4 ,,hymen4 ,described on page #fhg4 ,,hypersemia4 ,full of blood4 ,congestion4 ,,hypertrophy4 ,enlargement1 thickening4 ,,hypochondriac4 ,a person1 usually dyspeptic1 who is unreasonably gloomy1 particularly about his health4 ,,hypodermic ,,syringe4 ,an instrument having a very fine tube and needle-like point1 by which medicines are lodged immediately under the skin4 ,,hysterotome4 ,an instrument described and illustrated on page #fif4 ,i ,,idiopathic4 ,primary3 not depending on another disease4 ,,illicit4 ,not permitted2 unlawful4 ,,illusions4 ,see ,,hallucinations4 ,,impacted4 ,wedged4 ,applied to feces which have remained in the rectum a long time4 ,,imperforate4 ,without a natural opening4 ,,impotency4 ,loss of sexual power4 ,,impregnation4 ,imparting the vital principle of the sperm-cell to the germ-cell1 by which a new being is created4 ,,incipient4 ,commencement2 first stage4 ,,independent ,,physician4 ,defined on page #bie4 ,,indigenous4 ,native4 ,grows in a country4 ,,indolent4 ,painless2 a term applied to tumors4 ,,induration4 ,hardening of a part or organ4 ,,infection4 ,a prevailing disease4 ,a disease spread only by contact1 as itch1 syphilis1 etc4 ,,infiltration4 ,the passage of fluid into the cellular tissue2 as in ,general ,dropsy4 ,,inflammation4 ,defined on page #cih4 ,,infusion4 ,defined on page #cjc4 ,,inguinal ,,canal4 ,a canal situated in the groin1 through which the spermatic cord passes4 ,the common seat of ,hernia4 ,illus4 page #hfb4 ,,inoculate4 ,to communicate a disease by inserting matter in the flesh2 as by vaccination4 ,,inorganic4 ,mineral4 ,bodies without organs4 ,,insalivation4 ,mixed with the saliva of the mouth1 as food4 ,,insemination4 ,the emission of sperm in coition4 ,,inspiration4 ,drawing in the breath4 ,,integument4 ,the skin4 ,,intention1 ,,healing ,,by ,,first4 ,healing without the formation of pus4 ,,intercostal4 ,between the ribs4 ,,intermittent4 ,having paroxysms or intervals4 ,,internal ,,ear4 ,described on page #aaj2 ,illus4 page #aji4 ,,intussusception4 ,one part of the intestines forced into another part4 ,,invagination4 ,see ,,intussusception ,,iridectomy4 ,a surgical operation for the removal of the ,iris4 ,,iris4 ,a curtain which gives the eye its color4 ,,isolation4 ,separation from others4 ,k4 ,,kadesh-,,barnea4 ,the holy place in the desert of wandering2 the headquarters of the ,israelites for #cg years4 ,l ,,laboratory4 ,the work-room of a chemist or pharmacist4 ,,laceration4 ,a wound made by tearing4 ,,lachrymal4 ,belonging to the tears4 ,,lachrymal ,,glands4 ,minute organs about the eyes which secrete tears4 ,,lactation4 ,the act of giving suck4 ,,lacteals4 ,the vessels of the breast which convey milk4 ,,lamella4 ,layer4 ,,laminae4 ,thin bones1 or the thin parts of a bone4 ,,lancinating4 ,acute1 shooting pains fancifully compared to the pierce of a lance4 ,,larynx4 ,that portion of the air-passage indicated in the male by ,adam's ,apple4 ,,lascivious4 ,lustful2 producing unchaste emotions4 ,,lateral ,,operation4 ,cutting through the perinum into the bladder4 ,,laxatives4 ,medicines which move the bowels gently4 ,,lesion4 ,derangement4 ,tearing or other division of parts1 previously continuous4 ,,leucorrhea4 ,described on page #gjb4 ,,liberal ,,physician4 ,defined on page #bie4 ,,ligament4 ,a white inelastic tendon binding bones together4 ,,ligation4 ,see ,,ligature4 ,,ligature4 ,a cord or catgut tied around a blood-vessel to arrest hemorrhage4 ,,line4 ,one-twelfth part of an inch4 ,,lithic ,,deposits4 ,sediment or stone formed in the urine by uric acid4 ,,lobes4 ,bound projecting parts of an organ2 as lobes of the lungs1 of the liver1 etc4 ,,loin4 ,the side of the body between the hip-bone and ribs4 ,,lotion4 ,a wash4 ,,lumbago4 ,rheumatism in the small of the back and loins4 ,,lumbar ,,vertebr4 ,that part of the backbone in the vicinity of the loins4 ,,lymph4 ,a transparent fluid1 resembling blood1 found in lymphatic vessels4 ,it contains corpuscles and coagulates4 ,,lymphatics4 ,defined on page #di4 ,,lymphatic ,,temperament4 ,described on page #aeg4 ,m ,,malaria4 ,see ,,miasm4 ,,malformation4 ,irregularity in structure4 ,,malignant4 ,applied to diseases which threaten life4 ,,mamm4 ,see ,,mammary ,,glands4 ,,mammalia4 ,animals that suckle their young4 ,,mammary ,,glands4 ,the breasts or organs which secrete milk4 ,,manipulations4 ,examination and treatment by the hand4 ,,massage4 ,kneading1 rubbing and stroking the surface to improve circulation and nutrition and to remove effete material4 ,,mastication4 ,chewing4 ,,masturbation4 ,excitement of the sexual organs by the hand4 ,,meatus4 ,canal or passage4 ,external opening of a canal4 ,,median ,,section4 ,an operation for stone in the bladder in which the perineum and part of the urethra are cut2 the prostatic portion of the urethra is dilated to introduce forceps and withdraw the stone4 ,,medulla ,,oblongata4 ,described on page #ij2 illus4 page #if4 ,,melancholia4 ,a mild form of insanity attended with great gloom and mental depression4 ,,membranous4 ,of the nature or construction of membrane4 ,,meninges4 ,membranes covering the brain4 ,,menorrhagia4 ,immoderate monthly flow4 ,,menses4 ,monthly flow of the female4 ,see page #fhf4 ,,menstruation4 ,the bloody evacuation from the womb4 ,,menstruum4 ,a solvent2 as water1 alcohol1 etc4 ,,mesenteric ,,glands4 ,glands about the peritoneum which secrete lymph4 ,,mesentery4 ,described on page #di4 ,,miasm1 ,,miasma4 ,a poisonous1 gaseous exhalation from decaying vegetation1 or from the earth4 ,,midwives4 ,females who attend women at childbirth4 ,,miscarriage4 ,defined on page #fhb4 ,,molecule4 ,a minute portion of any body4 ,,monads4 ,the smallest of all visible animalcules4 ,,monomania4 ,insanity on one subject4 ,,muco-,,purulent4 ,composed of mucus and pus4 ,,mucous ,,membrane4 ,the thin1 web-like lining to the canals and cavities which secretes a fluid by which it is constantly lubricated4 ,,mucus4 ,a mucilaginous fluid found on the surface of certain membranes which keeps them soft and pliable4 ,see ,,mucous ,,membrane4 ,,muscle4 ,the structures of the body which execute movements4 ,,muscular ,,tissue4 ,the flesh forming the muscles of the body4 ,,myalgia4 ,muscular rheumatism4 ,n ,,narcotics4 ,medicines which stupefy4 ,,necrosis4 ,mortification or death of bone4 ,,nervines4 ,defined on page #cde4 ,,nervous ,,tissue4 ,that part of the body composed of nerve-fibres4 ,,neuralgia4 ,described on page #fce4 ,,nicotin4 ,a poisonous principle of tobacco4 ,,nitrogen4 ,one of the gases in the atmosphere4 ,,nodes4 ,hard lumps1 principally found upon the bones in syphilis4 ,,noxious4 ,injurious4 ,,nymphomania4 ,extreme desire for sexual intercourse in the female4 ,o ,,obstetrical4 ,relating or appertaining to childbirth4 ,,occlusion4 ,approximation or closure4 ,,oedema4 ,see ,,edema4 ,,olfactory ,,nerve4 ,the nerve employed in the sense of smell4 ,illus4 page #aaa4 ,,onanism4 ,see ,,masturbation ,,opacity4 ,opaque condition of parts of the eye1 causing blindness4 ,,opalescent4 ,reflecting a milky light4 ,,opaque4 ,see ,,opacity4 ,,ophthalmia4 ,inflammation of the eye4 ,,ophthalmic4 ,belonging to the eye4 ,,ophthalmoscope4 ,an instrument for examining the inside of the eye1 for diagnostic purposes4 ,,optic ,,nerve4 ,the nerve connecting the brain and eye1 and employed in the sense of sight4 ,,organic4 ,pertaining to the structure of an organ4 ,,orifice4 ,opening or mouth4 ,,osseous ,,tissue4 ,bony structure4 ,,ossification1 ,,ossifying4 ,made into bone by the deposit of phosphate of lime4 ,,os ,,uteri4 ,mouth of womb4 ,illus4 page #bjf4 ,,ova4 ,plural of ovum4 ,,ovaries4 ,two ovoid bodies situated either side of the womb4 ,illus4 page #bjf4 ,,ovary4 ,the female organ in which the ovum1 or germ-cell1 is formed4 ,illus1 page #bjf4 ,,ovulation4 ,the formation of the germ-cell in the ovary and its release from that organ4 ,,ovum4 ,defined and illustrated on pages #ab and #ac4 ,,oxygen4 ,the vital gas of the atmospheric air4 ,,oz,,na4 ,described on page #dgd4 ,p ,,palliative4 ,a remedy or treatment which relieves1 but does not cure4 ,,papilla1 ,,papillae4 ,small1 nipple-shaped prominences found on the tongue1 the skin1 etc4 ,,paraplegia4 ,paralysis affecting the upper or lower extremities of the body ,,parasites4 ,animals which live in the bodies of other animals2 as the tape-worm itch insect1 etc4 ,,parenchyma4 ,the texture of an organ2 as the liver1 kidneys1 etc4 ,,parotid ,,glands4 ,these are situated under the ear1 just at the angle of the lower jaw1 and secrete saliva4 ,,paroxysms4 ,the periodical attack1 fit or aggravation in the course of a disease4 ,,parturient4 ,bringing forth or having recently brought forth4 ,,parturition4 ,labor2 the delivery of the foetus4 ,,pastiles4 ,small medicated lozenges4 ,,pathognomonic4 ,a characteristic symptom of a disease4 ,,pathology4 ,that part of the ,science of ,medicine the object of which is the knowledge of disease4 ,,pedicle4 ,the stalk or narrow part of a tumor by which it is attached and supported4 ,,pelvic4 ,belonging to and relating to the pelvis4 ,,pelvis4 ,the lower part of the abdomen or trunk1 composed of bone1 containing the genital and urinary organs2 supports the backbone and is supported by the legs4 ,,penis4 ,the male organ of generation4 ,illus4 page #bjg4 ,,pepsin4 ,the digestive solvent secreted by the stomach4 ,,peptic4 ,pertaining to the stomach4 ,,percussion4 ,striking the surface and by the sound produced judging of the condition of the internal organs4 ,,pericarditis4 ,described on page #edh4 ,,pericardium4 ,the membranous sac enclosing the heart4 ,,perineal ,,section4 ,an operation by division of the perineum4 ,,perineum4 ,the space bounded by the end of the spine1 sexual organs and the bony prominences on which one sits4 ,,periostium4 ,the membranous covering to all bones4 ,,peristaltic ,,motion4 ,a worm-like movement of the bowels by which the food is moved forward4 ,,peritoneum4 ,the membrane 7serous7 which lines the abdominal cavities and surrounds the intestines4 ,,peritonitis4 ,inflammation of serous membrane lining abdominal and pelvic cavities4 ,,pessaries1 ,,pessary4 ,an instrument for holding the womb in its place4 ,,pestilence4 ,a malignant1 spreading disease4 ,a plague4 ,,phagadenic4 ,that which corrodes or eats away rapidly4 ,,pharmaceutical4 ,anything belonging to pharmacy4 ,,pharynx4 ,the cavity back of the mouth and palate through which the air passes when breathing and the food when swallowing4 ,,phimosis4 ,elongated prepuce ,,phlegmonous4 ,affecting the cellular membrane4 ,the common boil is an example4 ,,phosphate4 ,a substance containing phosphorus4 ,,phosphates1 ,,earthy4 ,the white deposit in urine composed of phosphoric acid and a base4 ,,phthisic4 ,consumption4 ,by some the word is used for ,asthma1 or difficulty in breathing4 ,,phthisis4 ,consumption4 ,see p4 #dig4 ,,physiological ,,anatomy4 ,the branch of medicine that defines the organs of the body and their particular actions4 ,,physiology4 ,the science which treats of the phenomena and functions of animal life4 ,,pia ,,mater4 ,the internal vascular membrane covering the brain4 ,,pimples ,,on ,,the ,,face4 ,defined on page #ddc4 ,,placenta4 ,afterbirth4 ,,plague4 ,a malignant epidemic2 begins in ,asia ,minor4 ,,plethora1 ,,plethoric4 ,full of blood2 maybe general or confined to a part4 ,,pleura4 ,defined on page #fd4 ,,pleurodynia4 ,spasmodic or rheumatic pain in the chest muscles4 ,,pleuro-,,pneumonia4 ,inflammation of both the pleura and lungs4 ,,pollution 7,,self74 ,excitement of the sexual organs by the hand or other unnatural method4 ,,polyp4 ,an aquatic animal1 as the coral builders4 ,,polypi4 ,more than one polypus4 ,,polypoid4 ,like a polypus in shape or construction4 ,,polypus4 ,tumors which grow from mucous membranes1 commonly found in the nasal and vaginal cavities4 ,,portal ,,vessels4 ,the cluster of veins which join and enter the liver4 ,,pott',s ,,disease4 ,described on page #hih2 illus4 pages #hih and #hii4 ,,poultice4 ,a mixture of bread or meal1 etc41 and hot water1 spread on a cloth and applied to the surface4 ,,pox4 ,syphilis4 ,,precocity4 ,prematurely developed4 ,,prehension4 ,carrying food to the mouth4 ,,prepuce4 ,foreskin4 ,,probang4 ,soft swab4 ,,probe4 ,an instrument for examining wounds and cavities4 ,a piece of wire with a blunt point is a probe4 ,,procreation4 ,production or generation of offspring4 ,,prognosis4 ,opinion of the future course of a disease4 ,,prolapsus4 ,a falling down of an organ through an orifice1 as the womb1 bowel1 etc4 ,,prophylactic4 ,preventive4 ,,proprietary ,,medicines4 ,described on page #bih4 ,,prostate ,,gland4 ,described on page #ggh and illus4 on page #bjg4 ,,proteids4 goods composed ,of carbon1 hydrogen1 oxygen and nitrogen3 as the white of an egg4 ,,protozo,n4 ,first life2 life in the lowest scale2 as sponges4 ,,proud-,,flesh4 ,abnormal growths which arise in wounds or ulcers4 ,,pruritic4 ,itching4 ,,pruritus ,,vulvae4 ,a nervous disease attended with excessive itching of the external genital parts of the female4 ,,psoas ,,or ,,lumbar ,,abscess4 ,an abscess discharging at the groin4 ,,psychical4 ,the relation of the soul to animal experiences and being4 ,,psychological4 ,the spiritual potencies of the soul4 ,,ptyalin4 ,the ferment of the saliva which converts starch into sugar4 ,,puberty4 ,the age at which the subject is capable of procreation4 ,,pubic4 ,relating to the pubes1 a part above the genital organs1 covered with hair at puberty4 ,,puerperal ,,fever4 ,child-bed fever4 ,,pulmonary4 ,relating to the lungs4 ,,pupil4 ,the circular opening in the colored curtain within the eye4 ,,purgatives4 ,medicines which cause evacuation of the bowels4 ,,purulent4 ,discharging pus2 as an ulcer4 ,,pus4 ,a yellowish1 inodorous1 creamy secretion from inflamed parts2 contained in abscesses or discharging from ulcers4 ,,pustular4 ,belonging to or affected by pustules4 ,,pustule4 ,an elevation on the skin1 containing pus or matter1 and having an inflamed base4 ,,putrescence4 ,decomposition1 rottenness4 ,,putrescent4 ,decomposing offensively4 ,,putridity4 ,corruption4 ,,pyr,,mia4 ,blood-poisoning from the absorption of decomposing pus or matter4 ,,pyloric ,,orifice4 ,the lower opening of the stomach2 illus4 page #ci4 ,,pyriform4 ,shaped like a pear4 ,q ,,quickening4 ,the time when the motion of the foetus within the womb is first perceptible2 between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy4 ,r ,,radical ,,cure4 ,a cure in which the disease is entirely removed1 root and branch4 ,,rales4 ,noises produced by air passing through mucus in the lungs4 ,,rectal4 ,pertaining to the rectum4 ,,rectum4 ,the lower portion of the intestines terminating in the anus4 ,,recumbent4 ,reclining4 ,,reflex ,,action4 ,see pages #ic and #ii4 ,,regurgitation4 ,the act by which blood is forced backwards in an unnatural manner4 ,,remission4 ,a temporary diminution of the symptoms of fever4 ,,reproduction4 ,producing living bodies similar to the parents4 ,,resolution4 ,the disappearance of inflammation without suppuration4 ,,respiration4 ,the function by which the blue blood is converted into red blood in the lungs4 ,,respirator4 ,described on page #bcj4 ,,retina4 ,defined on page #ajg4 ,,retrocedent4 ,moving from one part of the body to another2 as gout4 ,,retrocession4 ,change of an eruption from the surface to the inner parts4 ,,retroversion4 ,a change in the position of the womb in which the top falls back against the rectum4 ,,revulsion1 ,,revulsive4 ,calling the blood away from the diseased part4 ,,rickets4 ,a disease in children characterized by crookedness of the spine and long bones resulting from scrofula or poor and insufficient food4 ,,rickety4 ,affected with rickets4 ,,rings 7,,hernial74 ,circular openings with muscular edges through which a vessel or part passes4 ,,rubefacients4 ,medicines which produce redness of the skin4 ,,rupture4 ,bursting4 ,hernia4 ,s ,,saccharine4 ,like or containing sugar4 ,,saliva4 ,the secretion of the glands of the mouth4 ,,salpae4 ,little sack-like shaped1 soft1 fleshy bodies1 found in the open ocean1 and sometimes phosphorescent4 ,,sanative4 ,curative4 ,tending to restore lost health4 ,,sanguine ,,temperament4 ,described on page #afc4 ,,sanitarium4 ,an institution for the treatment of the sick4 ,a healthy retreat4 ,,scales4 ,the epidermis or outer part of the skin consists of minute scales4 ,see ,fig4 #ej1 page #ga4 ,,scalp4 ,the skin covering the head4 ,,scapula4 ,shoulder blade4 ,,sciatic ,,nerve4 ,the great nerve of the thigh4 ,,scirrhus4 ,stony hardness1 characteristic of cancer4 ,,sclerotic ,,coat4 ,the hard1 pearly white covering of the eye4 ,,scorbutic4 ,producing scurvy1 a disease caused by improper or insufficient food4 ,,scorbutus4 ,scurvy4 ,,scrofulous4 ,suffering from a condition of the system characterized by enlargement of the glands1 eruptions1 etc41 with great susceptibility to contagion4 ,,scrotum4 ,the bag of skin which covers the testicles4 ,,scurvy4 ,a disease due to impaired nutrition4 ,,sea ,,tangle4 ,a water-plant1 which in its dried state is introduced into a canal and dilates the canal as it expands by the absorption of moisture4 ,,sebaceous ,,glands4 ,the oil-tubes of the skin4 ,illus4 page #ga4 ,,secretion4 ,the process by which substances are separated from the blood4 ,,sedatives4 ,medicines which allay irritation or irritability of the nervous system4 ,,sedentary4 ,requiring much sitting4 ,,self-,,pollution4 ,see ,,self-,,abuse4 ,,semen4 ,the secretion of the testicles which is thrown out during sexual intercourse and contains the principle of generation4 ,,semi-,,fluid4 ,half fluid4 ,,semilunar ,,valves4 ,valves in the heart4 ,see #i and #ag1 ,fig4 #da1 page #eh4 ,,seminal ,,vesicles4 ,reservoirs for the sperm4 ,see ,seminal ,sac1 on page #bjg4 ,,septic4 ,that which corrodes or produces putrefaction4 ,,septic,,mia4 ,blood-poisoning2 usually by absorption4 ,,sequel4 ,that which follows2 the condition or malady which follows a disease4 ,,serous4 ,watery4 ,pertaining to the serous membrane4 ,,serous ,,tissue4 ,the membranes lining the closed cavities of the body1 which secrete a watery1 lubricating fluid4 ,,shock4 ,sudden depression of vitality occasioned by injury4 ,,sitz ,,bath4 ,see page #cfg4 ,,sloughing4 ,the process of separating a mortified part from a healthy part1 through the agency of pus4 ,,smell1 ,,nerves ,,of4 ,illus4 page #aaa4 ,,solar ,,plexus4 ,described on page #ajd4 ,,solvents4 ,those chemicals which break up or dissolve substances4 ,,sordes4 ,foul accumulation on the teeth1 noticed in fevers4 ,,sound4 ,an instrument for exploring cavities or canals for diagnosis or treatment4 ,,specialty4 ,that to which special attention is given4 ,,specific ,,gravity4 ,comparative weight2 as between urine and water4 ,,speculum4 ,an instrument for examining cavities4 ,illus4 pages #gag and #gah4 ,,sperm4 ,see ,,semen4 ,,spermatic ,,cord4 ,the mass of arteries1 veins1 nerves1 absorbents and their coverings1 which passes along the groin and over the pubic bone1 to the testicle4 ,,spermatorrhea4 ,described on page #ggb4 ,,spermatozoa4 ,more than one ,spermatozon4 ,,spermatozoon4 ,defined on page #ab2 ,illus4 page #ac4 ,,sphincters4 ,bound muscles which close natural openings4 ,,sphygmograph4 ,an instrument for examining the heart4 ,illus4 page #edh4 ,,spicula4 ,a small pointed piece of bone4 ,,spinal ,,column4 ,the twenty-four bones1 which1 situated one above the other1 form the backbone4 ,,spinal ,,cord4 ,described on page #ij4 ,,spirometer4 ,a gauge of chest capacity4 ,illus4 page #cib4 ,,sponge ,,tent4 ,compressed1 dried sponge previously treated with ,gum ,arabic1 used for dilating the uterine canal4 ,,sporadic1 ,,sporadically4 ,a term for diseases which appear frequently1 independent of epidemic or contagious influences4 ,,sprain4 ,a straining or rupture of the fibrous parts of a joint4 ,,staphyloma4 ,protrusion of the eye1 sometimes with loss of sight4 ,,sterility4 ,barrenness4 ,inability to bear children4 ,,sternum4 ,the breast-bone4 ,,stethoscope4 ,an instrument for examining the heart and lungs4 ,,stimulants4 ,medicines which increase the vital activity of the body4 ,,stool4 ,evacuations of the bowels4 ,dung4 ,,strabismus4 ,cross-eyes4 ,,strangulated4 ,caught or fastened in the hernial canal4 ,,striated4 ,grooved or striped4 ,,stricture4 ,a contracted condition of a canal or passage2 of the food-pipe1 rectum1 urethra1 etc4 ,,structural4 ,belonging to the arrangements of tissues or organs4 ,,strumous4 ,scrofulous4 ,,stupor4 ,great diminution of sensibility4 ,,stye4 ,a little boil on the eyelid4 ,,styptic4 ,an external astringent wash4 ,,sub-,,acute4 ,a moderate form of acute4 ,,sudoriferous ,,glands4 ,minute organs in the skin1 which secrete the perspiration4 ,illus4 page #gj4 ,,supporters 7,,uterine74 ,instruments intended to hold the womb in its natural position4 ,,suppression4 ,stoppage or obstruction of discharges2 as urine1 menses1 etc4 ,,suppuration4 ,a gathering4 ,formation of pus1 as in an abscess or ulcer4 ,,suture ,,pins4 ,pins or needles1 which are passed through the edges of wounds to bring them together4 ,thread is then wound around the pin to hold the edges in place4 ,,sutures4 ,the ragged edges of bones by which they are joined to each other4 ,stitches of thread to bring the edges of a wound together for their union4 ,,sympathetic ,,nerve4 ,defined on page #aja4 ,,symptom4 ,a change in the body or in its functions which indicates disease4 ,,symptomatic4 ,pertaining to symptoms4 ,,synovial ,,membrane4 ,the lining of a joint1 which from its oily secretion allows the bones to move freely upon each other4 ,,synovitis4 ,described on page #deb4 ,t ,,tapping4 ,removing collected fluid by introducing a hollow tube through the flesh4 ,,temperament4 ,peculiarities of the constitution manifested by traits which we denominate character4 ,,tenesmus4 ,straining at stool4 ,,tent4 ,a compressed1 dried cylinder of sponge1 previously treated with ,gum ,arabic1 which enlarges the canal in which it is placed by expansion from the absorption of moisture4 ,,testicles4 ,described on page #ggc2 ,illus4 page #bjg4 ,,thermometer4 ,an instrument for determining temperature4 ,,thoracic ,,duct4 ,a canal which carries the chyle from its repository in the abdomen to the large vein in the chest1 near the heart4 ,,thorax4 ,chest4 ,,tinctures4 ,medicines held in solution by alcohol4 ,,tonic4 ,defined on page #cej4 ,,topical4 ,local4 ,,topography4 ,description in detail of a place2 in hygiene1 to determine its adaptability to residence4 ,,tormina4 ,griping of the bowels4 ,,torticollis4 ,stiffness or contraction of the muscles of the neck4 ,wryneck4 ,,tourniquet4 ,an instrument to stop bleeding4 ,illus4 ,fig4 #beb1 page #hij4 ,,trachea4 ,windpipe4 ,see page #fc4 ,,translucent4 ,transmitting light1 but not permitting objects to be seen distinctly4 ,,transudation4 ,passage of liquid through the tissues of the body4 ,,traumatic4 ,relating to a wound or injury4 ,,trephining4 ,removing a piece of bone by a cylindrical saw4 ,,triturate4 ,to pulverize4 ,,trocar4 ,an instrument for removing fluids from cavities4 ,it consists of a perforator within a cylinder4 ,,truncated4 ,shaped like a pyramid with its top cut off4 ,,truss4 ,a mechanical appliance for preventing protrusion or strangulation4 ,hernial support4 ,,tubercle4 ,see pages #dca and #dih4 ,,turn ,,of ,,life4 ,the change of life when menstruation ceases4 ,,tympanum4 ,ear-drum4 ,illus4 p4 #aji4 ,u ,,umbilical4 ,of the navel2 as umbilical hernia4 ,illus4 page #hhc4 ,,umbilical ,,cord4 ,a cord-like substance which conveys the blood to the foetus from the placenta or afterbirth4 ,,umbilicus4 ,the ,navel4 ,,unstriated4 ,not grooved or striped4 ,,ur,,mic4 ,pertaining to blood-poisoning from the presence of urea in the circulation4 ,,urates4 ,the pinkish deposit found in urine4 ,,urea4 ,a constituent of the urine4 ,,ureters4 ,the canals leading from the kidneys to the bladder4 ,illus4 pages #he and #bjg4 ,,urethra4 ,the canal leading from the bladder outwards1 by which the urine is voided4 ,illus4 page #bjg4 ,,urethrotomy4 ,the operation for opening the urethra for the removal of stricture4 ,,uric ,,acid4 ,a constituent of the urine4 ,,urinary ,,fistula4 ,abnormal communication between the urinary passages and the surface4 ,,urino-,,genital ,,organs4 ,pertaining to the urinary and sexual organs4 ,,uterine4 ,belonging or relating to the womb4 ,,uterine ,,cavity ,,or ,,canal4 ,from the month of the womb to a constriction called the internal orifice1 is a cylindrical space called the canal4 ,above this to the fundus or base is a triangular and flat space called the cavity4 ,v ,,vagina4 ,a canal1 five or six inches long1 situated between the vulva and womb4 ,,vaginal4 ,pertaining to the vagina4 ,,vaginismus4 ,irritable vagina4 ,,valves ,,of ,,the ,,heart4 ,see page #eh4 ,,varicocele4 ,described on page #hjc4 ,,varicose4 ,veins that are twisted or dilated4 ,,vascular4 ,belonging or relating to vessels4 ,,vascular ,,system4 ,the heart and blood-vessels4 ,,veins4 ,the vessels which return the blue blood to the heart4 ,,venereal4 ,syphilitic4 ,,ventricles4 ,chambers in the heart4 ,see #e and #ad1 ,fig4 #da1 page #eh4 ,,vermifuge4 ,a medicine which destroys or expels worms4 ,,version4 ,displacement of the womb forwards or backwards4 ,,vertebr4 ,the twenty-four bones which joined together form the backbone4 ,,vertebrates4 ,animals having the jointed skeleton within2 distinguishes between these and insects1 worms1 oysters1 jelly fish1 etc4 ,,vertigo4 ,dizziness ,or swimming of the head4 ,,vesicles4 ,small bladders or sacs4 ,pimples4 ,,vesicular4 ,belonging to or containing cells4 ,,villi4 ,minute thread-like projections4 ,,virile ,,power4 ,masculine vigor4 ,sexual vigor4 ,,virus4 ,poison4 ,the agent which transmits infectious disease4 ,,viscera4 7,plural of ,viscus47 ,more than one internal organ4 ,,viscous4 ,sticky4 ,tenacious4 ,,viscus4 ,any internal organ4 ,,vitreous ,,humor4 ,the fluid in the eye behind the lens4 ,illus4 page #ajg4 ,,volitive ,,temperament4 ,see page #aga4 ,,vulva4 ,the external organs of generation in the female1 or the opening between these projecting parts4 ,w ,,walls4 ,the sides of an enclosure1 as the walls of the vagina1 which to soma extent support the womb4 ,,whites4 ,described on page #gjb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,to ,,avoid ,,swindlers ,,who ,,sometimes ,,infest ,,the ,,cars ,,and ,,depots ,,in ,,and ,,near ,,this ,,city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,warn ,,all ,,those ,,who ,,contemplate ,,visiting ,,us1 that we have the most positive proofs that a gang of confidence men have at different times made it their business to watch for sick and infirm people on the way to our institutions1 and divert them into the hands of sharpers1 confidence men and swindlers4 ,these men have watched for the coming of invalids on the cars1 in and around the depots1 in the offices of the hotels located near the depots1 and if inquiry was made for our institutions1 or if the object of the visit to the city was made known or suspected from the invalid appearance of the traveler1 they at once commenced weaving their skillfully-wrought web to catch a victim4 ,,we1 ,,therefore1 ,,advise ,,all ,,those ,,desiring ,,to ,,visit ,,us1 ,,first4--,,to ,,ask ,,for ,,no ,,information ,,from ,,policemen1 ,,or ,,those ,,appearing ,,to ,,be ,,policemen1 ,,in ,,or ,,about ,,our ,,depots4 ,,confidence ,,men ,,often ,,assume ,a ,,style ,,of ,,dress ,,similar ,,to ,,that ,,worn ,,by ,,policemen4 ,,second4--,,let ,,the ,,object ,,of ,,your ,,visit ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,be ,,known ,,to ,,no ,,one ,,whom ,,you ,,meet ,,on ,,the ,,cars1 ,,or ,,in ,,the ,,depots ,,or ,,near ,,them4 ,,third4--,,if ,,you ,,have ,a ,,check ,,for ,,baggage1 ,,when ,,the ,,baggage-,,man ,,comes ,,through ,,the ,,cars1 ,,as ,,one ,,does ,,on ,,every ,,train ,,before ,,it ,,reaches ,,the ,,city1 ,,asking ,,if ,,you ,,will ,,have ,,your ,,baggage ,,delivered ,,anywhere ,,in ,,the ,,city1 ,,or1 ,,if ,,you ,,will ,,have ,a ,,carriage2 ,,if ,,you ,,have ,a ,,trunk1 ,,give ,,him ,,the ,,check ,,for ,,it1 ,,pay ,,him #be ,,cents ,,only ,,and ,,he ,,will ,,have ,,it ,,delivered ,,at ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute4 #ffc ,,main ,,street4 7,do not forget the number74 ,you had better1 also1 procure a ticket from this baggage-man1 or agent1 for a coupe or carriage to our place1 for which you will have to pay only fifty cents4 7,outside prices are higher47 ,this saves all trouble and anxiety1 as the agent will look carefully after both yourself and baggage1 and you are sure of reaching our place promptly and safely4 ,if you have only hand-baggage1 such as bundles1 traveling-bags1 or similar luggage1 you can take it with you in the carriage without extra cost4 ,mr4 ,c4,w4 ,miller1 whose agents solicit on all the in-coming trains for the delivery of passengers and baggage1 has an office in every passenger depot in this city1 to which you can apply if1 by any chance1 you miss his agent on the train4 ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel ,,and ,,surgical ,,institute ,,is ,,open ,,day ,,and ,,night1 ,,and ,,you ,,will ,,be ,,cordially ,,received ,,and ,,well ,,taken ,,care ,,of4 ,,the ,,table ,,is ,,provided ,,with ,,the ,,best ,,of ,,food4 ,,no ,,hotel ,,in ,,the ,,city ,,has ,,better ,,rooms ,,or ,,beds ,,than ,,the ,,invalids' ,,hotel4 ,,this ,,institution ,,is ,,not ,a ,,hospital1 ,,but ,a ,,commodious ,,and ,,comfortable ,,invalids' ,,home4 ,if all we say of our institutions1 and our advantages and facilities for the successful treatment of disease is not found1 on your arrival and investigation1 to be just as we have represented them1 ,,we ,,will ,,pay ,,all ,,the ,,expenses ,,of ,,your ,,trip ,,and ,,you ,,can ,,return ,,home ,,at ,,once4 ,a ,,word ,,to ,,the ,,wise1 in the nature of advice1 to those about to visit us1 in conclusion1 may not be out of place4 ,,keep ,,your ,,business ,,to ,,yourself ,,while ,,on ,,the ,,road ,,here1 ,,also ,,when ,,about ,,the ,,depots1 ,,and ,,ask ,,no ,,questions ,,of ,,anybody4 ,,make ,,no ,,traveling ,,acquaintances4 ,,they ,,are ,,dangerous4 ,observe the foregoing directions1 and any child of twelve years1 possessed of ordinary intelligence1 can reach our conspicuous place1 #ffc ,,main ,,street1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 without fail4 ,,world',s ,,dispensary ,,medical ,,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index4 ,a ,abortion1 #fhb ,abscess1 ,lumbar1 #ddf ,abscess1 ,psoas1 #ddh ,absence of the ,ovaries1 #fhh ,absence of the ,womb1 #fhi ,absolutely ,painless ,operation1 #dia ,absorption1 #dh ,acacia ,catechu1 #cbe ,accidents1 #hhi ,acetabulum1 #be ,acetate of ,potato1 #cch ,acid1 ,aromatic ,sulphuric1 #caj ,acid ,bath1 #cfg ,acid1 ,carbolic1 #cah ,acid1 ,gallic1 #cbe ,acid1 ,hydrochloric1 #caj ,acid1 ,muriatic1 #caj ,acid1 ,tannic1 #cbe ,acid1 ,uric1 #hf ,acids1 #cji1 #hie ,acidum ,gallicum1 #cbe ,acidum ,tannicum1 #cbe ,acne1 #ddb ,aconite1 #cdf ,acute ,articular ,rheumatism1 #dbe ,acute ,bright's ,disease1 #hcj ,acute ,bronchitis1 #eji ,acute ,catarrh1 #dgc ,acute ,gastritis1 #hhc ,acute ,inflammation of the ,bladder1 #hbd ,acute ,inflammation of the ,bowels1 #fee ,acute ,inflammation of the ,kidneys1 #hbc ,acute ,inflammation of the ,liver1 #efi ,acute ,inflammation of the ,stomach1 #efe ,acute ,laryngitis1 #dif ,acute ,nephritis1 #hbi ,acute ,peritonitis1 #hhf ,adhesion1 #djj ,adipose ,tissue1 #bj ,affections1 ,alphous1 #dda ,affections1 ,boil-like1 #ddc ,affections1 ,bullous1 #dch ,affections1 ,eczematous1 #dcj ,affections1 ,erythematous1 #dcf ,affections1 ,furuncular1 #ddc ,affections1 ,nervous1 of the ,skin1 #ddj ,affections of the ,hair-follicles1 #dda ,affections of the ,male ,generative ,organs1 #ggc ,affections of the ,urinary ,organs1 #hbe ,affections of the ,urinary ,organs1 ,sympathetic1 #hbf ,afferent ,nerves1 #hg1ic ,afterbirth1 #baf ,age of ,nervousness1 the1 #fai ,ague1 #dje ,air-cells1 #fc ,air-passages1 ,foreign ,bodies in the1 #hic ,air1 ,pure1 #hbb1 #bbc1 #cgh ,albumen1 #ec1 #bch ,albuminuria1 #dbb ,alcohol1 #hdi1 #fbg1 #hif ,alcohol ,habit1 #fbg ,alcoholic ,liquors1 #bee ,alder1 #cjd ,alkalies1 #hji1 #hie ,alkaline ,bath1 #cfg ,allopathic ,school of ,medicine1 #bic ,alnuin1 #cje ,alnus ,eubra1 #cjd ,aloes1 #cbh ,alphos1 #dda ,alphous ,affections1 #dda ,alteratives1 #cjc ,alteratives1 ,compounding of1 #cjc ,alternate ,generation1 #af ,althea ,officinalis1 #ccf ,amenorrhea1 #fhg ,american ,colombo1 #cec ,american ,hellebore1 #cdg ,american ,poplar1 #cej ,ammonia1 #cdi ,amnion1 #baf ,amperemeter1 #fcj ,amygdalus ,persica1 #cdf ,amyloid ,degeneration of the ,kidneys1 #hcj ,amyloids1 #bch ,anmia1 #dai ,anaesthesia1 ,local1 #hjf ,anaesthetics1 #hjf ,anal ,fistula1 #ehc ,anasarca1 #dbb ,anatomy1 #aa ,anatomy1 ,physiological1 #aa1 #ai1 #cj1 #cg1 #dh1 #ef1 #fc1 #fh1 #ge1 #hd1 #hg ,anatomy1 ,physiological1 of the ,testes1 #ggd ,anatomy1 ,physiological1 of the ,urinary ,organs1 #hbc ,angina ,pectoris1 #eeb ,ammalcular ,lite1 ,universality of1 #af ,animal ,extracts as ,remedies1 #fca ,animal ,faculties1 #acj ,animal ,food1 ,value of1 #bda ,animals1 ,cold-blooded1 #ee ,anise-seed1 #cbe ,anodynes1 #caj ,anteflexions of the ,uterus1 #gad ,anterior view of ,deformed ,nasal ,cavity1 #dib ,anterior view of ,nasal ,cavity1 #dij ,anthelmintics1 #cai ,anthrax1 #dge ,antidotes for ,poisons1 #hie ,antiperiodics1 #caf ,antiseptics1 #cag ,antispasmodics1 #cah ,anus1 ,fistula of the1 #ehc ,aorta1 #eh ,aperients1 #cbf ,aphasia1 #fci ,apnoea1 #dba ,appendix ,vermiformis1 #da ,apth1 #eec ,aqueous ,humor1 #ajg ,arachnoid ,fluid1 #ij ,arachnoid ,membrane1 #ij ,arbutus1 ,trailing1 #ccf ,arctium ,lappa1 #cjg ,areolar ,tissue1 #ai ,aristolochia ,serpentaria1 #ccc ,aromatic ,sulphuric ,acid1 #caj ,arteries1 #eh ,artery1 ,pulmonary1 #eh ,art of ,swimming1 #bgd ,ascaris ,lumbricoides1 #efa ,ascaris ,vermioularis1 #efa ,ascites1 #dbc ,asclepias ,tuberosa1 #ccb ,asclepin1 #ccc ,aseptic ,precautions in ,operations1 #dib ,ashes1 #cce ,ash1 ,prickly1 #cdi ,aspen ,poplar1 #cae ,asphyxia1 #dba ,aspidium ,filix ,mas41 #cae ,assafetida ,ferula1 #cah ,assimilation1 #bcc ,asthma1 #eaa ,asthma1 ,hay1 #ead ,astringents1 #cbj ,ataxia1 ,locomotor1 #fdj ,atomizer1 #dha ,atomizer1 ,steam1 #dhb ,atropa ,belladonna1 #cab ,atrophy of the ,heart1 #eea ,atrophy of the ,testicles1 #ggc ,atropia1 #cab ,atropin1 #cab ,auricle1 #eg ,auscultation1 #cia ,axis1 ,cerebro-spinal1 #hi ,axis-cylinder1 #hg ,b ,back1 ,crooked1 #ija ,baked ,mutton1 #bdh ,balmony1 #cae ,baptisia ,tinctoria1 #cah ,baptisin1 #cah ,barber's ,itch1 #ddb ,bark1 ,cramp1 #cbj ,bark1 ,slippery-elm1 #cce ,barosma ,crenata1 #cch ,barosmin1 #cch ,barrenness1 #gjg ,base ,ball1 #bgc ,basilar ,faculties1 #acb ,battery for home use1 #fca1 #fcb ,bath1 ,acid1 #cfg ,bath1 ,alkaline1 #cfg ,bath1 ,cold1 #cef ,bath1 ,cool1 #ceg ,bath1 ,douche1 #cfe ,bath1 ,foot1 #cff ,bath1 ,head1 #cfg ,bath1 ,hot1 #ceh ,bath1 ,iodine1 #cfh ,bath1 ,russian1 #ceh 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,vestibule1 #aaj ,viburnin1 #cbj ,viburnum ,opulus1 #cbj ,villus1 #da1dh ,virginia ,snake-root1 #ccc ,visiting the ,sick1 #chc ,vital ,principle1 #ae ,vital ,properties of the ,blood1 #ec ,vitreous ,humor1 #ajg ,vitriol1 ,elixir of1 #caj ,vitriol1 ,white #hah ,volitive ,faculties #abi ,volitive ,temperament #aga ,voluntary ,muscles #ca ,voluntary ,pollution #ggb ,vomer #bb ,vomit1 ,black #hhc ,vulvitis #gjb ,w ,wafer-ash #cea ,wakefulness #fbc ,warm ,bath #ceg ,warmth #cgi ,water #bdh ,water-bugle #cbc ,water-hoarhound #cbc ,water1 ,how to use #beb ,water-melon ,seeds #cch ,water1 ,organic ,impurities in #bea ,water-pink #ccf ,water1 ,purification of #beb ,waters1 ,chalybeate #bej ,waters1 ,saline #bej ,waters1 ,sulphurous #bej ,welfare of ,society #aic ,wet ,sheet ,pack #cfh ,white ,hellebore #cdg ,white ,poplar #cej ,white ,swelling #deb ,white ,vitriol #cah ,white-root #ccb ,whitewood #cej ,whites #gjb ,whooping-cough #hhj ,wild ,chamomile #ccd ,wild ,indigo #cah ,wild ,yam #cbj ,willow #cea ,windpipe #fc ,wintergreen #cbe ,witch-hazel #cba ,woman and her ,diseases #fhd ,womb1 ,absence of the #fhg ,womb1 ,displacements of the #gac ,womb1 ,elongation of the ,neck of the #gji ,womb1 ,flexions of the #gji1 #gad ,womb1 ,malformation of the #fhg ,womb1 ,versions of the #gji1 #gad ,workshops1 ,ventilation of #bbf ,worms1 ,intestinal #efa ,wounds #hhi ,x ,xanthoxylin #cdi ,xanthoxylum ,fraxineum #cdi ,y ,yam1 ,wild #cbj ,yeast #cag1 #cce ,yellow ,dock #cjd ,yellow ,jessamine #cai1 #cdh ,yellow ,lady's-slipper #cbj1 #cde ,yellow ,subsulphate of ,mercury #cci ,z ,zinci ,sulphas #cah1 #cci ,zinc1 ,sulphate of #cah1 #cci ,zingiber ,officinalis #cbe1 #cce 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index ,,to ,,appendix ,a ,advantages ,offered to ,invalids #iea ,advantages of ,location #idh ,advantages of ,specialties #iej1 #ief ,advertising #ieh ,affidavit #ije ,aids1 ,in valuable1 in ,urinary ,diseases #ifd ,amusements #icb ,analysis of ,urine #ifb1 #ifg ,appendix #ije ,b ,bath ,department #ica ,beecher on ,advertising #iei ,board and ,treatment1 ,terms for #igj ,buffalo ,outranks all in ,healthfulness #idf ,c ,cause of ,female ,weakness #iai ,caution #icf ,charges ,must be ,prepaid #ifh ,chemical ,laboratory #idj ,chronic ,diseases1 ,mechanical ,aids in the ,cure of #ijf ,chronic ,diseases1 ,treatment of #ied ,climate #idd ,common ,sense ,view1 ,a #icd ,consultation1 ,free #ifh ,consultations by ,letter #ifh ,consultations with ,physicians #iga ,counter-,irritation #iaf ,cure of ,deformities #iag ,cure of ,neuralgia #iaf ,cure of ,paralysis #iag ,cure of ,swellings #iae ,cure of ,tumors #iag ,d ,deformities1 ,cure of #iag ,disease ,has ,certain ,unmistakable ,signs #idc ,diseases of ,women #iah ,division of ,labor #idi1 #ied ,e ,eminent ,medical ,authorities #ifg ,endorsement1 ,president ,garfield's #igc ,equability of ,climate #ide1 #idg ,evidence of ,health ,statistics #ide ,extreme ,healthfulness of ,buffalo #idd ,f ,facilities of ,treatment #idi ,facts of ,science #idf ,fair and ,business-like ,offer #iec ,fees1 ,why ,required in ,advance #ifi ,female ,weakness1 ,cause of #iai ,fire-,proof ,vaults #icj ,free ,consultation #ifh ,g ,general ,considerations #idj ,genuine ,home1 ,a #idh ,good ,order #icb ,h ,home1 ,a ,genuine #idh ,home1 ,remedial #idb ,how to ,avoid ,swindlers #iij ,i ,important ,announcement #iba ,invalids1 ,advantages ,offered to #iea ,invalids' ,hotel and ,surgical ,institute #ibb1 #ibd1 #ida ,invaluable ,aids in ,urinary ,diseases #ifd ,j ,joints1 ,stiffened #iea ,k ,kneader #iad ,l ,liberality #icd ,location1 ,advantages of #idh ,m ,manipulator #ijh ,map of ,buffalo #iib ,mechanical ,aids in the ,cure of ,chronic ,diseases #ijf ,medical ,authorities1 ,eminent #ifg ,medicine1 ,progress of #iej ,medicines1 ,our #iga ,moderate1 ,terms #idi ,n ,neuralgia1 ,cure of #iaf ,not ,confined in ,prescribing #igb ,notices of the ,press #igd ,o ,offer1 ,fair and ,business-like #iec ,our ,medicines ,prepared with the ,greatest ,care #igb ,our ,physicians and ,surgeons #ice ,our ,remedies #ica ,p ,paralysis1 ,cure of #iag ,patient's ,room #ide ,patients1 ,treating at a ,distance #ifj1 #iga ,physicians and ,surgeons1 ,staff of #ibe ,physicians1 ,consultation with #iga ,president ,garfield's ,endorsement #igc ,press ,notices #igd ,printing ,department #ici ,progress in ,medicine #iej ,r ,rational ,treatment #iai ,recapitulation #ibj ,regulation of ,diet #ica ,reliable ,medicines #ifi ,remedial ,home1 #idb ,revulsion #iaf ,s ,signs1 ,urinary #ifb ,specialties1 ,advantages of #iej1 #ief ,staff of ,physicians and ,surgeons #ibe ,statistics1 ,evidence of ,health #ide ,steam ,passenger ,elevator #icj ,surgical ,department #ica ,swellings1 ,cure of #iae ,swindlers1 ,how to ,avoid #ice1 #iij ,t ,terms for ,board and ,treatment #igj ,terms for ,treatment #ifi ,trained ,attendants #icb ,treating ,patients at their ,homes #idb ,treatment1 ,facilities of #idi ,treatment of ,chronic ,diseases #ied ,tumors1 ,cure of #iae ,turkish ,bath #ica ,u ,unparalleled ,success #icc ,urinary ,signs #ifb ,v ,vibrator #iaa ,visiting ,patients who ,reside at a ,distance #iga ,vocabulary #igi ,w ,world's ,dispensary #icg ,world's ,dispensary ,medical ,association #iba 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes ,footnote #a3 ,darwin4 ,footnote #b3 ,the males of ,cryptophialus and ,alcippe1 species of marine animals1 are apparent exceptions to this rule4 ,they are parasitic1 possess neither mouth1 stomach1 thorax1 nor abdomen1 and are1 necessarily1 short-lived4 ,footnote #c3 ,dalton--,human ,physiology4 ,footnote #d3 ,in the use of the terms psychical and psychological1 we have observed the distinction which metaphysicians have recently made4 ,they employ the term psychical to indicate the relation of the human soul to sense1 appetite1 propensity1 etc41 and psychological1 as indicating the ultimates of spiritual being4 ,in this manner we use the word psychical as describing the relationship of the soul to animal experiences and being1 and psychological as referring to the spiritual potencies of the soul4 ,the distinction being introduced1 we continue its use rather then coin new words4 ,footnote #e3 ,certain disturbances of the bodily organs excite fear4 ,the apprehension of danger1 or simply mental excitement1 does not explain what is called water fright1 stage fright1 terror excited by the raging of a storm1 or the rocking of a boat4 ,in such instances the heart may beat heavily1 the respiration be irregular and attended by precordial oppression1 giddiness1 weakness1 and physical inability to articulate a word or recall a thought4 ,these bodily conditions are not subject to the control of the will1 but arise when individuals are perfectly assured that no danger threatens4 ,at other times1 as in a fearful tempest upon the sea1 although the danger be imminent1 if the bodily functions are not disturbed1 there is not the least manifestation of fear4 ,footnote #f3 ,a placebo is a harmless and valueless prescription1 which physicians sometimes make merely to gratify the patient1 as a dose of bread pills1 etc4