,a ,,lecture ,,on ,,! ,,pres]vation ,,( 
,,heal?4  ,,by ,t4 ,,g>nett1 ,m4,d4     
,pr(essor ( ,natural ,philosophy &      
,*emi/ry 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great
 ,brita9 c4  ,,second ,,edition4        
,figure       ,su* ! rew>d ( rude & sob]
 life2      ,( lab\r su*4 ,by heal? !   
peasant's toil      ,is well repaid2 if 
ex]cise 7 pa9      ,inde$1 & temp]ance  
pa94          ,arm/rong4   ,,london3    
,,pr9t$ ,,= ,t4 ,,cadell1 ,,junior1 ,,& 
,w4 ,,davies1 ,,/r&4 #ahjj4 7,r4        
,,noble1 ,pr9t]1 ,old ,bailey47  ,to    
,,erasmus ,,d>w91 ,m4,d4  ,de> ,sir1    
,,! fir/ edition ( ?is pamphlet hav+ be5
 introduc$ to ! _w "u ! sanction ( y\r  
"n1 ,i take ! lib]ty ( prefix+ x to !   
second2 & am happy 9 hav+ ano!r public  
opportunity ( express+ my ?anks = ! high
 gratification & in/ruction :i* ,i h    
receiv$ f ! p]usal ( y\r m$ical &       
philosophical works4  ,i am1 ,de> ,sir1 
,) mu* e/eem1 ,y\r v ob$i5t s]vant1     
,,?o4 ,,g>nett4  ,royal ,in/itution1    
,april #h?1 #ahjj4  ,,preface4  ,mo/    

m$ical g5tlem5 w1 x is suppos$1 agree t 
! great] "p ( ! num]\s tra9 ( diseases  
to :i* _! pati5ts are subject1 h be5    
br\ght on by improp] conduct &          
imprud5ce4 ,t ?is conduct (t5 proce$s f 
ignorance ( its bad effects1 may be     
presum$2 = ?\gh x _c be d5i$ t "s p]sons
 are p]fectly reg>dless ) respect to _! 
heal?1 yet ! great mass ( mank9d are too
 s5sible ( ! enjoym5t & loss ( ?is      
greate/ ( bless+s1 to run headlong into 
dang] ) _! eyes op54  ,x 0 ) ! hope (   
mak+ ! laws ( life m g5]ally kn[n1 &    
bett] und]/ood1 & f !nce d$uc+ su* rules
 = ! pres]vation ( heal?1 z w\ld be     
evid5t to e capacity1 t ! au?or 0 induc$
 to deliv] ?is lecture4 ,x has be5      
hon\r$ ) ! att5tion ( num]\s audi5ces1 9
 "s ( ! mo/ popul\s t[ns 9 ,engl&1 :]e x
 has g5]ally be5 read = ! b5efit (      
*>itable in/itutions4  ,! au?or flatt]s 
himself1 t besides ! b5efit produc$ by 8
 humble endeav\rs to s]ve ^!            
in/itutions1 ^? endeav\rs h n totally   
fail$ 9 ! gr& object ( pres]v+ heal?2 & 

) ! hope t ! influ5ce ( ! precepts "h   
giv51 may be f>!r ext5d$1 he has        
concurr$ 9 ! ideas ( ^? :o h advis$ !   
publication ( ?is lecture4  ,x is to be 
fe>$1 t not)/&+ all :i* c be done1      
disease w cont9ue to be a heavy tax1 :i*
 civiliz$ society mu/ pay = its com=ts2 
& ! valetud9>ian w (t5 be tempt$ to envy
 ! savage ! /r5g? & s\ndness ( 8        
con/itution4 ,mu* h[ev] may be done     
t[>ds ! prev5tion ( a numb] ( diseases4 
,if ?is lecture %\ld contribute to !    
atta9m5t ( s desirable an end1 x w af=d 
! highe/ gratification to ! au?or4  ,!  
fir/ "p ( ! lecture is ! sub/ance ( an  
essay :i* 0 read by ! au?or be=e !      
,royal ,m$ical ,society ( ,ed9burgh1    
int5d$ z a def5ce ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( 
! sy/em ( ,dr4 ,br[n1 ^: pupil he !n 04 
,x 01 accord+ to cu/om1 transcrib$ into 
! books ( ! society1 & ! public h n[ an 
opportunity ( judg+ h[ f> ,dr4          
,girtann]1 9 8 fir/ essay publi%$ 9 !   
,j\rnal de ,physique1 ab\t two ye>s     
aft]1 9 :i* he gives ! !ory z 8 own1 )\t

 ! lea/ ackn[l$gm5t to ! mu* injur$ &   
un=tunate au?or ( ! ,elem5ta ,m$ic9ae1  
has borr[$ f ?is essay4  ,9 public      
lectures1 novelty is n to be expect$1 ! 
pr9cipal object ( ! lectur] be+ to place
 9 a prop] po9t ( view1 :at has be5 be=e
 discov]$4 ,! au?or has !re=e freely    
avail$ himself ( ! lab\rs ( o!rs1       
p>ticul>ly ( ! popul> publications (    
,dr4 ,b$does1 :i* he takes ?is          
opportunity ( ackn[l$g+4  ,?is lecture  
is publi%$ almo/ v]batim z x 0 deliv]$4 
,on ?is acc\nt ! exp]im5ts m5tion$ are n
 m9utely describ$1 ! read] be+ suppos$  
to see !m p]=m$4  99 99 99 99 99  ,a    
,,lecture1 c4  ,,! greate/ bless+ we    
enjoy is heal?1 )\t x1 weal?1 honors1 & 
e o!r consid]ation1 w\ld be insipid1 &  
ev5 irksome2 ! pres]vation ( ?is /ate   
!re=e1 naturally conc]ns u all4 ,9 ?is  
lecture1 ,i %all n attempt to tea* y to 
become y\r own physicians1 = :5 ! b>ri]s
 ( heal? are once brok5 d[n1 & disease  
has e/abli%$ itself1 x requires ! deepe/
 att5tion1 & an accurate acqua9tance ) !

 ext5sive sci5ce ( m$ic9e1 to combat x2 
to atta9 ?is k dem&s ! lab\r ( ye>s4 ,b1
 a majority ( ! diseases to :i* we are  
subject1 are ! effects ( our own        
ignorance or imprud5ce1 & x is (t5 v    
easy to prev5t !m2 m]e precepts h[ev]1 h
 seldom mu* effect1 unless ! reason+ ^u 
!m be r5d]$ evid5t2 on ?is acc\nt1 ,i   
%all fir/ endeav\r1 9 z pla9 & easy a   
mann] z possible1 to expla9 to y ! laws 
by :i* life is gov]n$2 & :5 we see 9 :at
 heal? consi/s1 we %all be bett] enabl$ 
to take su* me?ods z may pres]ve x4     
,heal? is ! easy & pleasant ex]cise (   
all ! functions ( ! body & m9d2 &       
disease consi/s 9 ! uneasy &            
disproportion$ ex]cise ( all1 or "s ( ! 
functions4  ,:5 dead matt] acts ^u dead 
matt]1 ! only effects we p]ceive are    
me*anical1 or *emical2 = ?\gh !re may   
appe> to be o!r k9ds ( attraction1 or   
repulsion1 su* z electric & magnetic1   
yet ^! come "u ! head ( me*anical       
attraction1 z produc+ motion2 we may    
!re=e lay x d[n z a law1 t :5 dead1 or  

inanimate bodies act ^u ea* o!r1 no o!r 
?an me*anical1 or *emical effects are   
produc$2 t is1 ei!r motion1 or !        
decomposition1 & new comb9ation ( _!    
p>ts4 ,if "o ball /rike ano!r1 x        
communicates to x a c]ta9 quantity (    
motion1 ?is is call$ me*anical action2 &
 if a quantity ( salt1 or sug>1 be put  
into wat]1 ! p>ticles ( ! salt or sug> w
 sep>ate f ea* o!r1 & jo9 !mselves to ! 
p>ticles ( ! wat]2 ! salt & wat] 9 ^!   
in/ances1 are said to act on ea* o!r    
*emically2 & 9 all cases :atev]1 9 :i*  
inanimate1 or dead bodies act on ea*    
o!r1 ! effects produc$ are1 motion1 or  
*emical attraction4  ,b1 :5 dead matt]  
acts on ^? bodies :i* we call liv+1 !   
effects are mu* diff]5t2 let u take =   
example a v simple in/ance4--,snakes1 at
 lea/ "s species ( !m1 pass ! w9t] 9 a  
torpid /ate1 :i* has all ! appe>ance (  
dea?2 n[ heat1 if appli$ to dead matt]1 
w only produce motion1 or *emical       
comb9ation2 b if x be appli$ to ! snake1
 let u see :at w be ! consequ5ce2 !     

reptile fir/ beg9s to move1 & op5s its  
eyes & m\?2 :5 ! heat has be5 appli$ =  
"s "t1 x crawls ab\t 9 se>* ( food1 &   
p]=ms all ! functions ( life4 ,"h !n1   
dead matt]1 :5 appli$ to a liv+ body1   
produces liv+ functions2 = if ! heat _h 
n be5 appli$1 ! snake w\ld h cont9u$    
s5seless1 & app>5tly lifeless4 ,9 m     
p]fect animals1 ! effects produc$ by !  
action ( dead matt] on !m1 are m num]\s1
 & are diff]5t 9 diff]5t liv+ sy/ems1 b 
are 9 g5]al ! foll[+--s5se & motion 9   
almo/ all animals1 & 9 _m ! p[] ( ?9k+1 
& o!r affections ( ! m9d4 ,! p[]s1 or   
dead matt]s1 :i* are appli$1 & :i*      
produce ^! functions1 are *iefly1 heat1 
food1 & air4 ,! pro( t ^! p[]s d produce
 ! liv+ functions1 is 9 my op9ion a v   
conv9c+ "o1 namely1 t :5 _! actions are 
susp5d$1 ! liv+ functions cease2 take   
away1 = in/ance1 heat1 air1 & food f    
animals1 & !y soon become dead matt]1 & 
x is n necess>y t an animal %\ld be     
depriv$ ( all ^! to put a /op to ! liv+ 
functions2 if any "o ( !m be tak5 away1 

! body soon] or lat] becomes dead matt]3
 x is f\nd by exp]i5ce1 t if a man be   
depriv$ ( air1 he dies 9 ab\t ?ree or   
f\r m9utes2 = in/ance1 if he be imm]s$  
"u wat]2 if he be depriv$ ( heat1 or 9  
o!r words1 expos$ to a v sev]e degree ( 
cold1 he likewise soon dies2 or if he be
 depriv$ ( food1 8 dea? is equally      
c]ta91 ?\gh m sl[4 ,x is suffici5tly    
evid5t !n1 t ! liv+ functions are ow+ to
 ! action ( ^! ext]nal p[]s ^u ! body4  
,:at ,i h "h said1 is n conf9$ to       
animals1 b ! liv+ functions ( vegetables
 are likewise caus$ by ! action ( dead  
matt] ^u !m4 ,! dead matt]s1 :i* by _!  
action produce ^! functions1 are        
pr9cipally heat1 moi/ure1 light1 & air4 
,x cle>ly foll[s !re=e1 f :at ,i h said1
 t liv+ bodies mu/ h "s prop]ty diff]5t 
f dead matt]1 :i* r5d]s !m capable ( be+
 act$ ^u by ^! ext]nal p[]s1 s z to     
produce ! liv+ functions2 = if !y _h n1 
! only effects :i* ^! p[]s c\ld produce1
 w\ld be me*anical1 or *emical4 ,?\gh we
 "k n exactly 9 :at ?is prop]ty consi/s1

 or 9 :at mann] x is act$ on1 yet we    
see1 t :5 bodies are possess$ ( x1 !y   
become capable ( be+ act$ ^u by ext]nal 
p[]s1 & ?us ! liv+ functions are        
produc$2 we %all !re=e call ?is prop]ty 
excitability1 & 9 us+ ?is t]m x is      
necess>y to m5tion1 t ,i mean only to   
express a fact1 )\t ! lea/ int5tion (   
po9t+ out ! nature ( t prop]ty :i*      
di/+ui%es liv+ f dead matt]1 & 9 ?is we 
h ! example ( ! great ,newton1 :o call$ 
! prop]ty :i* causes bodies 9 c]ta9     
situations to approa* ea* o!r1          
gravitation1 )\t 9 ! lea/ h9t+ at its   
nature2 yet1 ?\gh he knew n :at         
gravitation 01 he inve/igat$ ! laws by  
:i* bodies 7 act$ on by x1 9 ! same     
mann]1 ?\gh we are ignorant (           
excitability1 or ! nature ( t prop]ty   
:i* di/+ui%es liv+ f dead matt]1 we c   
inve/igate ! laws by :i* dead matt] acts
 on liv+ bodies ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,we "k 
n :at magnetic attraction is1 & yet we c
 inve/igate its laws2 ! same holds good 
) reg>d to electricity2 if we ev] %\ld  

atta9 a k ( ! nature ( ?is prop]ty1 x   
w\ld make no alt]ation 9 ! laws :i* we  
_h be=e discov]$4  ,i %all n[ proce$ to 
! inve/igation ( ! laws by :i* !        
excitability is act$ on2 b ,i mu/ fir/  
def9e "s t]ms :i* x w be necess>y to    
use1 to avoid circumlocution1 & at !    
same "t to give u m di/9ct ideas on !   
subject4  ,:5 ! excitability is 9 su* a 
/ate z to be v susceptible ( ! action ( 
ext]nal p[]s1 ,i %all call x abundant1  
or accumulat$2 b :5 x is f\nd n v       
capable ( receiv+ _! action1 ,i %all    
say1 x is defici5t1 or exhau/$4 ,i w\ld 
n wi% h[ev]1 to h x ?\ght1 t by ^! t]ms 
,i mean 9 ! lea/ to h9t at ! nature (   
excitability1 nor t x is really "o :ile 
increas$1 & at ano!r dim9i%$ 9 quantity1
 = ! ab/ract "q is 9 no %ape consid]$2  
we "k n :e!r ! excitability1 or ! vital 
pr9ciple1 dep5ds on a p>ticul>          
arrangem5t ( matt]1 or f :atev] cause x 
may orig9ate2 by ! t]ms "h us$1 ,i mean 
only to say1 t ! excitability is easily 
act$ on :5 ,i call x abundant1 or       

accumulat$2 at o!r times ! liv+ body is 
) m difficulty excit$1 & !n ,i say1 !   
vital pr9ciple is defici5t1 or exhau/$4 
,! laws by :i* ext]nal p[]s act on liv+ 
bodies1 w1 on a c>eful exam9ation1 be   
f\nd to be ! foll[+--  ,fir/1 :5 !      
p[]ful action ( ! excit+ p[]s ceases =  
"s "t1 ! excitability accumulates1 or   
becomes m capable ( receiv+ _! action1 &
 is m p[]fully affect$ by !m4  ,if we   
exam9e sep>ately ! diff]5t excit+ p[]s1 
:i* act on ! body1 we %all f9d abundant 
confirmation ( ?is law4 ,let u fir/     
consid] ,light2 if a p]son be kept 9    
d>kness = "s "t1 & be !n br\ght into a  
room 9 :i* !re is only an ord9>y degree 
( light1 x w be almo/ too oppressive =  
him1 & appe> excessively bright2 & if he
 h be5 kept = a consid]able "t 9 a v d>k
 place1 ! s5sation w be v pa9ful4 ,9 ?is
 case1 :ile ! ret9a1 or optic n]ve1 0   
depriv$ ( light1 its excitability       
accumulat$1 or became m easily affect$  
by light2 = if a p]son goes out ( "o    
room1 into ano!r :i* has an equal degree

 ( light1 he w feel no effect4 ,y may   
conv9ce y\rselves ( ?is law by a v      
simple exp]im5t--%ut y\r eyes1 & cov] !m
 = a m9ute or two ) y\r h&1 & endeav\r n
 to ?9k ( ! light1 or ( :at y are do+2  
!n op5 !m1 & ! day-light w = a %ort "t  
appe> bright]4 ,if y look att5tively at 
a w9d[1 = ab\t two m9utes1 & !n ca/ y\r 
eyes ^u a %eet ( :ite pap]1 ! %ape ( !  
w9d[-frames w be p]fectly visible ^u !  
pap]2 ^? p>ts :i* express ! wood-"w1    
appe>+ bright] ?an ! o!r p>ts4 ,! p>ts (
 ! optic n]ve on :i* ! image ( ! frame  
falls1 are cov]$ by ! wood-"w f ! action
 ( ! light2 ! excitability ( ^! portions
 ( ! n]ve w !re=e accumulate1 & ! p>ts (
 ! pap] :i* fall ^u !m1 mu/ ( c\rse     
appe> bright]4 ,if a p]son be br\ght out
 ( a d>k room :]e he has be5 conf9$1    
into a field cov]$ ) sn[1 :5 ! sun %9es1
 x has be5 kn[n to affect him s mu*1 z  
to deprive him ( sight altoge!r4  ,let u
 next consid] :at happ5s ) respect to   
heat2 if heat be = "s "t ab/ract$1 !    
excitability accumulates2 or 9 o!r      

words1 if ! body be = "s "t expos$ to   
cold1 x is m liable to be affect$ by    
heat1 aft]w>ds appli$2 ( ?is also y may 
be conv9c$ by an easy exp]im5t--put "o (
 y\r h&s into cold wat]1 & !n put bo?   
into wat] :i* is consid]ably w>m2 ! h&  
:i* has be5 9 cold wat]1 w feel mu* w>m]
 ?an ! o!r4 ,if y h&le "s sn[ ) "o h&1  
:ile y keep ! o!r 9 y\r bosom1 t x may  
be ( ! same heat z ! body1 & !n br+ bo? 
)9 ! same di/ance ( ! fire1 ! heat w    
affect ! cold h& inf9itely m ?an ! w>m  
"o4 ,?is is a circum/ance ( ! utmo/     
importance1 & ought always to be        
c>efully att5d$ to4 ,:5 a p]son has be5 
expos$ to a sev]e degree ( cold = "s "t1
 he ought to be cauti\s h[ he comes ne> 
a fire1 = 8 excitability w be s mu*     
accumulat$1 t ! heat w act viol5tly2 (t5
 produc+ a great degree ( inflammation1 
& ev5 sometimes mortification4 ,we may  
by ! way obs]ve1 t ?is is a v common    
cause ( *ilbla9s1 & o!r inflammations4  
,:5 ! h&s1 or any o!r p>ts ( ! body h   
be5 expos$ to viol5t cold1 !y ought fir/

 to be put into cold wat]1 or ev5 rubb$ 
) ! sn[1 & expos$ to w>m? 9 ! g5tle/    
mann] possible4  ,exactly ! same takes  
place ) respect to food1 if a p]son h = 
"s "t be5 depriv$ ( food1 or h tak5 x 9 
small quantity1 :e!r x be meat or dr9k2 
or if he h tak5 x ( a less /imulat+     
quality1 he w f9d1 t :5 he returns to 8 
ord9>y mode ( liv+1 x w h m effect ^u   
him ?an be=e he liv$ ab/emi\sly4        
,p]sons :o h be5 %ut up 9 a coal-"w f ! 
fall+ 9 ( ! pit1 & h _h no?+ to eat =   
two or ?ree days1 h be5 z mu* intoxicat$
 by a bason ( bro?1 z a p]son 9 common  
circum/ances ) two or ?ree bottles (    
w9e2 & we all "k t spiritu\s1 or v9\s   
liquors affect ! head m 9 ! morn+1 ?an  
aft] d9n]4  ,?is circum/ance 0          
p>ticul>ly evid5t among ! poor sailors  
:o 7 9 ! boat ) ,capta9 ,bligh aft] !   
mut9y4 ,! capta9 0 s5t by gov]nm5t to   
convey "s plants ( ! bread-fruit tree f 
,otaheite1 to ! ,we/-,indies2 soon aft] 
he left ,otaheite1 ! crew mut9i$1 & put 
! capta9 & mo/ ( ! (fic]s1 ) "s ( ! m51 

on bo>d ! %ip's boat1 ) a v %ort        
all[ance ( provisions1 & p>ticul>ly (   
liquors1 = !y _h only six qu>ts ( rum1 &
 six bottles ( w9e1 = n9ete5 p1 :o 7    
driv5 by /orms ab\t ! s\?-sea1 expos$ to
 wet & cold all ! "t1 = ne>ly a mon?2   
ea* man 0 all[$ only a tea-spoon full ( 
rum a-day1 b ?is tea-spoon full refre%$ 
! poor m51 b5umb$ z !y 7 ) cold1 & fa9t 
) hung]1 m ?an tw5ty times ! quantity   
w\ld h done ^? :o 7 w>m1 & well f$2 & _h
 x n be5 = ! _s hav+ su* p[] to act ^u  
m51 9 _! condition1 !y nev] c\ld h      
outliv$ ! h>d%ips !y exp]i5c$4 ,all ^!  
facts1 & _m o!rs :i* might be br\ght1   
e/abli% beyond a d\bt ! tru? ( ! law ,i 
h m5tion$1 namely1 t :5 ! p[]ful action 
( ! excit+ p[]s ceases = "s "t1 !       
excitability accumulates1 or becomes m  
capable ( receiv+ _! actions4  ,! second
 law is1 t :5 ! excit+ p[]s h act$ )    
viol5ce1 or = a consid]able "t1 !       
excitability becomes exhau/$1 or less   
fit to be act$ on1 & ?is we %all be able
 to prove by a simil> induction4 ,let u 

take ! effects ( light ^u ! eye2 :5 x   
has act$ viol5tly = "s "t ^u ! optic    
n]ve1 x dim9i%es ! excitability ( t     
n]ve1 & r5d]s x incapable ( be+ affect$ 
by a quantity ( light t w\ld at o!r     
times affect x4 ,:5 y h be5 walk+ out 9 
! sn[1 if y come into y\r room1 y w     
sc>cely be able to see any ?+ = "s      
m9utes4 ,look /$fa/ly at a c&le = a     
m9ute or two1 & y w ) difficulty disc]n 
! lett]s ( a book1 :i* y 7 be=e read+   
di/9ctly2 & if y happ5 to ca/ y\r eyes  
^u ! sun1 y w n see any ?+ di/9ctly = "s
 "t aft]w>ds4  ,let u next consid] !    
matt] ( heat3 suppose wat] to be heat$  
lukew>m1 if y put "o h& into x1 x w feel
 w>m2 if y n[ put ! o!r h& into wat]1   
heat$ = in/ance to #abj degrees or #acj 
degrees1 & keep x !re "s "t1 we w say1  
two m9utes2 if !n y take x out1 & put x 
into ! lukew>m wat]1 t wat] w feel cold1
 ?\gh /ill x w seem w>m to ! o!r h&2 =1 
! h& :i* _h be5 9 ! heat$ wat]1 has _h  
its excitability exhau/$ by !           
application ( heat4 ,be=e y g into a w>m

 ba?1 ! temp]ature ( ! air may seem w>m 
& agreeable to y1 b aft] y h rema9$ = "s
 "t 9 a ba? t is r hot1 :5 y come out1 y
 feel ! air uncommonly cool & *ill+4    
,let u n[ exam9e ! effects ( sub/ances  
tak5 into ! /oma*2 & z ! effects (      
spiritu\s1 & v9\s liquors1 are a little 
m rem>kable ?an food1 we %all make our  
obs]vations ^u !m4  ,a p]son :o is      
unaccu/om$ to dr9k ^! liquors1 w be     
intoxicat$ by a quantity t w produce no 
effect ^u "o :o has be5 = "s "t accu/om$
 to take !m2 & :5 a p]son has us$       
himself to ^! /imulants = "s "t1 !      
ord9>y p[]s :i* 9 common support life1 w
 n h _! prop] effects ^u him1 because 8 
excitability has be5 9 "s measure       
exhau/$ by ! /imulants4  ,! same holds  
good ) respect to tobacco & opium2 a    
p]son accu/om$ to take opium w n be     
affect$ by a quantity t w\ld completely 
intoxicate "o n us$ to x2 because !     
excitability has be5 s f> exhau/$ by !  
use ( t drug1 t x _c be act$ on by a    
small quantity4  ,^! facts1 ) innum]able

 o!rs1 :i* w easily sugge/ !mselves to  
y1 prove ! tru? ( our second            
proposition1 namely1 t :5 ! excit+ p[]s 
h act$ viol5tly1 or = a consid]able "t1 
! excitability is exhau/$1 or less fit  
to be act$ on4  ,?is exhau/ion ( !      
excitability1 may1 h[ev]1 be ei!r f9ite1
 or tempor>y2 we see animals1 :ile !    
excit+ p[]s cont9ue to act1 at fir/     
appe> 9 _! greate/ vig\r1 !n gradually  
decay1 & at la/ come into t /ate1 9 :i*1
 f ! long cont9u$ action ( ! excit+     
p[]s1 ! excitability is entirely        
exhau/$1 & dea? takes place4  ,we       
likewise see plants 9 ! spr+1 :ile !    
excit+ p[]s h act$ on !m1 mod]ately1 & =
 a %ort "t1 array$ 9 _! v]dant robes1 & 
adorn$ ) fl[]s ( _m m+l+ hues2 b1 z !   
excit+ p[]s :i* support ! life ( !      
plant1 cont9ue to be appli$1 & "s ( !m1 
= in/ance heat1 z ! summ] advances      
become increas$1 !y fir/ lose _! v]dure1
 !n gr[ br[n1 & at ! end ( summ] cease  
to live2 because _! excitability is     
exhau/$ by ! long cont9u$ action ( !    

excit+ p[]s2 & ?is does n happ5 m]ely 9 
consequ5ce ( ! heat ( summ] decreas+1 = 
!y gr[ br[n & die1 ev5 9 a great] degree
 ( heat ?an t :i* 9 spr+ made !m gr[    
luxuriantly4  ,^! are examples ( !      
f9ite1 or irrep>able exhau/ion ( !      
excitability1 b we f9d also1 t x may be 
exhau/$ = a "t1 & accumulat$ aga94 ,?\gh
 ! eye has be5 s dazzl$ by ! spl5d\r (  
light1 t x _c see an object mod]ately   
illum9at$1 yet1 if x be %ut = "s "t1 !  
excitability ( ! optic n]ve accumulates 
aga91 & we are aga9 capable ( see+ ) an 
ord9>y light4  ,we f9d1 t we are n      
always equally capable ( p]=m+ !        
functions ( life4 ,:5 we h be5 engag$ 9 
any ex]tion1 ei!r m5tal or corporeal1 = 
"s h\rs only1 we f9d ourselves fatigu$1 
& unfit to pursue our lab\rs mu* long]2 
if 9 ?is /ate1 sev]al ( ! excit+ p[]s1  
p>ticul>ly light & noise1 be )drawn2 &  
if we are laid 9 a po/ure :i* does n    
require mu* muscul> ex]tion1 we soon    
fall into t /ate :i* nature int5d$ = !  
accumulation ( ! excitability1 & :i* we 

call ,sleep4 ,9 ?is /ate1 _m ( ! excit+ 
p[]s _c act ^u u1 unless appli$ ) "s    
viol5ce1 = we are ins5sible to _!       
mod]ate action4 ,a mod]ate light1 or a  
mod]ate noise1 does n affect u1 & ! p[] 
( ?9k+1 :i* exhau/s ! excitability v    
mu*1 is 9 a great measure susp5d$4 ,:5 !
 action ( ^! p[]s has be5 susp5d$ = six 
or eight h\rs1 ! excitability is aga9   
capable ( be+ act$ on1 & we rise fre%1 &
 vigor\s1 & fit to engage 9 our         
occupations4  ,sleep !n1 is ! me?od :i* 
nature has provid$ to repair ! exhau/$  
con/itution1 & re/ore ! vital en]gy2 )\t
 its refre%+ aid1 our worn-out habits   
w\ld sc>cely be able to drag on a few   
days1 or at mo/ a few weeks1 be=e !     
vital spr+ 0 q run d[n2 h[ prop]ly !re=e
 has ! great poet ( nature call$ sleep !
 *ief n\ri%] 9 life's fea/4--           
',sleep1 t knits up ! ravell'd sleeve ( 
c>e1      '! dea? ( ea* day's life1 sore
 lab\r's ba?1      'balm ( hurt m9ds1   
great ,nature's second c\rse1      '*ief
 n\ri%] 9 life's fea/4'  ,f ! int]nal   

s5sations (t5 excit$1 x is natural to   
conclude t ! n]ves ( s5se are n torpid  
dur+ sleep2 b t !y are only preclud$ f !
 p]ception ( ext]nal objects1 by !      
ext]nal organs be+ r5d]$ unfit to       
transmit to !m ! impulses ( bodies1 dur+
 ! susp5sion ( ! p[] ( volition2 ?us1 ! 
eye-lids are clos$ 9 sleep1 to prev5t ! 
impulse ( ! light f act+ on ! optic     
n]ve2 & x is v probable t ! drum ( ! e> 
is n /ret*$2 x is likewise probable t   
some?+ simil> happ5s to ! ext]nal       
app>atus ( all our organs ( s5se1 :i*   
may make !m unfit = _! (fice ( p]ception
 dur+ sleep4  ,! m viol5tly ! excit+    
p[]s h act$1 ! soon] is sleep br\ght on2
 because ! excitability is soon]        
exhau/$1 & !re=e1 soon] requires ! means
 ( r5ew+ x2 & on ! contr>y1 ! m weakly !
 excit+ p[]s h act$1 ! less is a p]son  
incl9$ to sleep4 ,in/ances ( ! fir/ are1
 excess ( ex]cise1 /rong liquors1 or    
/udy1 & ( ! latt]1 an "u proportion (   
^!4  ,a p]son :o has be5 daily accu/om$ 
to mu* ex]cise1 :e!r m5tal or corporeal1

 if he omit x1 w f9d little or no       
incl9ation to sleep2 he may h[ev] be    
made to sleep by tak+ a little          
diffusible /imulus2 = in/ance1 a little 
w>m pun*1 or opium3 ^! act entirely by  
exhau/+ ! excitability to t degree :i*  
is compatible ) sleep2 & :5 _! /imulant 
effect is ov]1 ! p]son soon falls into t
 /ate4  ,b ?\gh ! excitability may h be5
 suffici5tly exhau/$1 & ! action ( !    
ext]nal p[]s consid]ably mod]at$1 yet   
!re are "s ?+s )9 ourselves1 :i*        
/imulate viol5tly1 & prev5t sleep2 su* z
 pa91 ?ir/1 & /rong passions & emotions 
( ! m9d4 ,^! all t5d to drive away      
sleep1 b x may be induc$1 by )draw+ !   
m9d f ^! impressions2 p>ticul>ly f      
uneasy emotions1 & employ+ x on some?+  
:i* makes a less impression2 sleep1 9   
su* cases1 is frequ5tly br\ght on by    
li/5+ to ! humm+ ( bees1 #a or ! murmur+
 ( a rivulet2 by employ+ ! m9d on       
subjects :i* d n require mu* ex]tion1   
nor produce too mu* commotion2 su* z    
c\nt+ to a ?\s&1 or c\nt+ drops ( wat]  

:i* fall sl[ly4  ,x sometimes happ5s1 z 
has be5 well obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,frankl91 t 
an uneasy heat ( ! sk91 f a want (      
p]spiration1 occasion$ by ! heat ( !    
b$-cloa?s1 w prev5t sleep2 9 ?is case1  
he recomm5ds a me?od1 :i* ,i believe w  
(t5 succe$--namely1 to get up & walk    
ab\t ! room till y are consid]ably      
cool$2 :5 y get into b$ aga91 ! heat ( !
 sk9 w be dim9i%$1 & p]spiration become 
m free1 & y w probably sleep 9 a v few  
m9utes4 #b  ,by induction we h discov]$ 
two ( ! pr9cipal laws by :i* liv+ bodies
 are gov]n$2 ! fir/ is1 t :5 ! ord9>y   
p[]s :i* support life h be5 susp5d$1 or 
_! action less5$ = a "t1 ! excitability1
 or vital pr9ciple accumulates1 or      
becomes m fit to receive _! actions2 &  
secondly1 :5 ^! p[]s h be5 act$ ^u      
viol5tly1 or = a consid]able "t1 !      
excitability is exhau/$1 or becomes less
 fit to receive _! actions4 ,!re are    
!re=e ?ree /ates 9 :i* liv+ bodies      
exi/4--  ,fir/1 a /ate ( accumulat$     
excitability4  ,second1 a /ate ( exhau/$

 excitability4  ,?ird1 :5 x is 9 su* a  
/ate z to produce ! /ronge/ & mo/ heal?y
 actions1 :5 act$ ^u by ! ext]nal p[]s4 
,f :at ,i h said1 x mu/ appe>1 t life is
 a =c$ /ate1 dep5d+ on ! action (       
ext]nal p[]s ^u ! excitability2 & t1 by 
_! cont9u$ action1 if !y are prop]ly    
regulat$1 ! excitability w be gradually 
& ins5sibly exhau/$2 & life w be resign$
 into ! h&s ( him :o gave x1 )\t a      
/ruggle1 & )\t a groan4  ,we see !n1 t  
nature op]ates 9 support+ ! liv+ "p ( ! 
creation1 by laws z simple & beautiful z
 ^? by :i* ! inanimate _w is gov]n$4 ,9 
! latt] we see ! ord] & h>mony :i* is   
obs]v$ by ! planets1 & _! satellites1 9 
_! revolution r\nd ! great s\rce ( heat 
& light4            '-----,all comb9'd  
'& rul$ un]r+1 by t s+le p[]      ':i*  
draws ! /one project$1 to ! gr\nd4'  ,9 
! animat$ "p ( ! creation1 we obs]ve ^? 
beautiful ph5om5a :i* are exhibit$ by an
 almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( individuals1 all
 dep5d+ ^u "o simple law1 ! action ( !  
excit+ p[]s on ! excitability4  ,i _c   

express my admiration ( ! wisdom ( !    
creator bett] ?an 9 ! words ( ,?omson4  
',o unpr(use magnific5ce div9e6      ',o
 wisdom truly p]fect6 ?us to call       
'f a few causes1 su* a s*eme ( ?+s2     
'effects s v>i\s1 beautiful1 & great4'  
,life !n1 or ^? functions :i* we call   
liv+1 are ! effects ( c]ta9 excit+ p[]s1
 act+ on ! excitability1 or prop]ty     
di/+ui%+ liv+ f dead matt]4 ,:5 ^?      
effects1 namely1 ! functions1 fl[       
easily1 pleasantly1 & completely1 f !   
action ( ! excit+ p[]s1 !y indicate t   
/ate :i* we call ,heal?4  ,i h deta9$ y 
a long "t on ?is subject1 b x is (      
importance to make y acqua9t$ ) ^! laws2
 = x is f a k ( !m1 t ! rules = pres]v+ 
heal? mu/ be d$uc$2 & hav+ r5d]$ !m1 z  
,i hope1 intelligible to y1 ,i %all     
proce$ to po9t out su* necess>y cautions
 = y\r conduct1 z are easily d$uc$ f !m2
 & :i* exp]i5ce confirms2 & ,i %all     
foll[ an arrangem5t 9 ! consid]ation ( !
 subject1 :i* naturally pres5ts itself  
to u4 ,! *ief excit+ p[]s :i* act ^u u  

are1 air & food2 ^! ,i %all respectively
 consid]1 & aft]w>ds make a few rem>ks  
on ex]cise4  ,! air is ! ma9-spr+ 9 !   
animal ma*9e2 ! s\rce ( heat & activity1
 )\t :i* our blood w\ld soon become a   
black & /agnant mass1 & life w\ld soon  
/op4  ,x is n[ kn[n1 t only a "p (      
atmosph]ic air1 is necess>y =           
respiration3 ! atmosph]e ne> ! surface (
 ! e>?1 consi/s ( two k9ds ( air2 "o1   
:i* is highly prop] = respiration1 &    
combu/ion1 & 9 :i*1 an animal imm]s$1 w 
live mu* long] ?an 9 ! same quantity (  
common air2 & "o1 :i* is p]fectly       
improp] = support+ respiration1 or      
combu/ion1 = an in/ant4  ,! fir/ ( ^!   
airs1 has be5 call$ vital air1 f its    
prop]ty ( support+ life1 & con/itutes   
ab\t "o f\r? ( ! atmosph]e4 #c ,! o!r1 f
 its prop]ty ( de/roy+ life1 is call$   
azote1 & =ms ( c\rse ! rema9+ ?ree f\r?s
 ( ! atmosph]e4  ,^! two airs may be    
sep>at$ f ea* o!r by v>i\s me?ods4 ,if a
 c&le be inclos$ 9 a giv5 quantity (    
atmosph]ic air1 x w burn only = a c]ta9 

"t1 & !n be ext+ui%$2 & f ! ris+ ( !    
wat] 9 ! vessel 9 :i* x is inclos$1 x is
 evid5t t a quantity ( air has be5      
absorb$4 ,:at has be5 absorb$ is ! vital
 air1 & :at rema9s1 ! azote1 :i* is     
incapable ( support+ flame4 ,if an      
animal be imm]s$ 9 a giv5 quantity (    
common air1 x w live only a c]ta9 "t2 at
 ! end ( ?is "t1 ! air w be f\nd        
dim9i%$1 ab\t "o f\r? be+ extract$ f x1 
& ! rema9d] w nei!r support flame nor   
animal life2 ?is exp]im5t might easily  
be made1 b x seems a piece ( unnecess>y 
cruelty4  ,by simil> exp]im5ts to ^? ,i 
h m5tion$1 we get ! azote pure2 "h is   
"s1 9 :i* a c&le has burnt out1 & 9 :i* 
no?+ b azote1 or ! impure "p ( !        
atmosph]e is left4 #d ,i %all plunge a  
light$ mat* into x1 & y see x is        
in/antly ext+ui%$4  ,"s metals1 &       
p>ticul>ly manganese1 :5 expos$ to !    
atmosph]e1 attract ! vital air f x1 )\t 
t\*+ ! azote2 & x may be procur$ f ^!   
metals by ! application ( heat1 9 v     
great purity4 ,"h is a bottle ( t k9d ( 

air1 :i* ,i h expell$ by heat f         
manganese2 ,i %all plunge a tap] into x1
 & y w p]ceive t x burns ) great        
brilliancy4 ,an animal %ut up 9 x1 w\ld 
live ab\t f\r times z long z if %ut up 9
 an equal quantity ( atmosph]ic air4    
,if ,i take ?ree p>ts ( azote1 & "o (   
vital air1 ,i %all =m a comp\nd :i* is  
simil> to ! atmosph]e1 & :i* is !       
mixture be/ suit$ to support ! heal? ( !
 body2 = if !re 7 a mu* great]          
proportion ( vital air1 x w\ld act too  
p[]fully ^u ! sy/em1 & br+ on           
inflammatory diseases2 x w\ld likewise  
by its /imulus exhau/ ! excitability1 & 
br+ u soon] to dea?2 & 9 ! same mann] t 
a c&le burns bright] 9 vital air1 & w\ld
 !re=e be soon] exhau/$1 s w\ld ! flame 
( life be soon] burnt out4  ,on !       
contr>y1 if ! atmosph]e conta9$ a mu*   
less proportion ( vital air1 x w\ld n   
/imulate ! body suffici5tly2 !          
excitability w\ld morbidly accumulate1 &
 diseases ( debility w\ld occur4        
,combu/ion1 putrefaction1 & ! brea?+ (  

animals1 are processes :i* are          
cont9ually dim9i%+ ! quantity ( vital   
air conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e2 & if !       
all-wise au?or ( nature _h n provid$ =  
its cont9ual re-production1 ! atmosph]e 
w\ld 9 all probability h long s9ce      
become too impure to support life2 b ?is
 is gu>d$ aga9/ 9 a mo/ beautiful mann]4
  ,wat] is n a simple elem5t1 z has be5 
suppos$1 b is compos$ ( vital air1 & a  
p>ticul> k9d ( air :i* is call$         
inflammable2 ! same t is us$ to fill    
balloons4 ,x has be5 f\nd by exp]im5t1 t
 "o hundr$ p\nds ( wat]1 are compos$ (  
eighty-five p\nds ( vital air1 & fifte5 
( inflammable air4 #e  ,wat] may be     
decomp\nd$ by a v>iety ( means1 & its   
compon5t p>ts sep>at$ f ea* o!r4        
,vegetables effect ?is decomposition2 !y
 absorb wat]1 & decompose x 9 _! gl&s2 &
 tak+ ! inflammable air = _! n\ri%m5t1  
brea! out ! vital air 9 a /ate ( v great
 purity2 ?is may be asc]ta9$ by a v easy
 exp]im5t4  ,?is vital air is receiv$ by
 animals into _! lungs1 gives !m _!     

heat1 & communicates a r$ col\r to _!   
blood2 :5 animals die = want ( vital    
air1 _! blood is always f\nd black4  ,f 
:at ,i h said1 x is evid5t1 t 9 l>ge &  
popul\s t[ns1 :]e combu/ion &           
respiration are cont9ually p]=m$ on a   
l>ge scale1 ! air mu/ be mu* less pure  
?an 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e !re are few ( ^!    
causes to contam9ate ! atmosph]e1 & :]e 
vegetables are cont9ually t5d+ to r5d] x
 m pure2 & if x 0 n = ! w9ds :i* agitate
 ?is elem5t1 & con/antly occasion its   
*ange ( place1 ! air ( l>ge t[ns w\ld   
probably soon become unfit =            
respiration4 ,w9ds br+ u ! pure air ( ! 
c\ntry1 & take away t f :i* ! vital air 
has be5 9 a great measure extract$2 b   
/ill1 f ! imm5se quantity ( fuel :i* is 
daily burnt1 & ! numb] ( p brea?+ 9 l>ge
 t[ns1 ! air v soon becomes impure4  ,f 
! great] purity ( ! air 9 ! c\ntry1     
proce$s ! rosy bloom f\nd 9 ! rural     
cottage1 :i* we 9 va9 look = 9 ! /ately 
palace1 or ! spl5did draw+ room4 ,"h !n 
are reasons = pref]r+ ! c\ntry1 :i* no  

"o w dispute1 & :5ev] x c be done1 su* a
 situation ought always to be *os5 9    
pref]5ce to a l>ge t[n3 ?is _c be bett] 
en=c$ ?an 9 ! words ( ,dr4 ,arm/rong4-- 
',ye1 :o amid ! fev]i% _w w\ld we>      
'a body free ( pa91 ( c>es a m9d2       
'fly ! rank city1 %un its turbid air2   
'brea! n ! *aos ( et]nal smoke1      '& 
volatile corruption1 f ! dead1      '!  
dy+1 sick'n+1 & ! liv+ _w      'exhal$1 
to sully heav5's transp>5t dome      ') 
dim mortality4           ',:ile yet y   
brea!1 away2 ! rural wilds      'invite2
 ! m\nta9s call y1 & ! vales2      '!   
woods1 ! /reams1 & ea* ambrosial breeze 
't fans ! ev] undulat+ sky4'  ,b !re are
 _m ^: occupations oblige !m to reside 9
 l>ge t[ns2 !y1 !re=e1 %\ld make frequ5t
 excursions into ! c\ntry1 or to su*    
situations z w enable !m to enjoy1 & to 
brea! air ( a little m purity4 ,i say   
enjoy1 = :o t has be5 = "s "t %ut up 9 !
 t[n1 )\t brea?+ ! pure air ( ! c\ntry1 
does n feel 8 spirits reviv$ ! mom5t he 
em]ges f ! azote ( ! t[n4 ,let n !re=e1 

if possible1 a s+le day pass1 )\t       
enjoy+1 if b = an h\r1 ! pure air ( !   
c\ntry4 ,do+ ?is1 only = a %ort "t e    
day1 w\ld be mu* m effectual ?an sp5d+  
:ole days1 or ev5 weeks 9 ! c\ntry1 & !n
 return+ into ! corrupt atmosph]e ( !   
t[n2 = :5 y h = a long "t brea!d an     
impure air1 ! excitability becomes s    
morbidly accumulat$1 f ! want ( !       
/imulus ( pure air1 t ! air ( ! c\ntry w
 h too great an effect ^u y2 x w        
frequ5tly1 9 ! c\rse ( a day or two1 br+
 on an inflammatory fev]1 att5d$ ) /uff+
 ( ! nose1 ho>s5ess1 a great degree (   
heat1 & dryness ( ! sk91 ) o!r symptoms 
( a viol5t cold4  ,l>ge t[ns are !      
graves ( ! human species2 !y w\ld p]i% 9
 a few g5]ations1 if n con/antly        
recruit$ f ! c\ntry4 ,! conf9$1 putrid  
air1 :i* mo/ ( _! inhabitants brea!1 _! 
want ( natural ex]cise1 b above all _!  
dissipation1 %ort5 _! lives1 & ru9 _!   
con/itutions4  ,*ildr5 p>ticul>ly1      
require a pure air2 e circum/ance po9ts 
out ! c\ntry z ! prop] place = _!       

education2 ! purity ( ! air1 ! v>iety ( 
ru/ic sports1 ! pla9ness ( diet1 !      
simplicity & innoc5ce ( mann]s1 all     
concur to recomm5d x4 ,x is a melan*oly 
fact1 t above half ! *ildr5 born 9      
,london1 die be=e !y are two ye>s old4  
,to %ew h[ indisp5sable fre% air is to  
*ildr51 ,i %all m5tion "o example :i*   
sets ! fact 9 ! cle>e/ light4 ,9 ! ly+-9
 hospital at ,dubl91 #bidd infants1 out 
( #gfej1 di$ 9 ! ye> #aghb1 )9 ! fir/   
=tnight aft] _! bir?1 :i* is ne>ly e    
?ird *ild2 !y almo/ all di$ 9           
convulsions2 _m ( !m foam$ at ! m\?1 _! 
?umbs 7 drawn into ! palms ( _! h&s1 _! 
jaws 7 lock$1 ! face 0 swell$ & look$   
blue1 z ?\gh !y 7 *oak$4 ,?is la/       
circum/ance l$ ! physicians to conclude 
t ! rooms 9 ! hospital 7 too close1 &   
h5ce1 t ! infants _h n a suffici5t      
quantity ( good air to brea!2 !y !re=e  
set ab\t v5tilat+ !m bett]1 :i* 0 done v
 completely4 ,! consequ5ce has be51 t n 
"o *ild dies n[ :]e ?ree us$ to die4    
,few] *ildr5 inde$ die convuls$ n[1 ?an 

=m]ly2 ?is is because ! ri* le>n1 ei!r f
 books1 or conv]sation ) physicians1 h[ 
necess>y fre% air is to life & heal?2   
h5ce !y keep _! h\ses well air$2 b !    
poor1 & s]vants1 are n made to compreh5d
 ?is matt] prop]ly2 & !re=e f neglect+  
to op5 _! w9d[s1 & brea?+ a f\l1 ta9t$  
air1 ! greate/ "p ( _! "t1 _m disord]s  
are br\ght on1 & o!rs r5d]$ worse ?an !y
 naturally w\ld be4 #f  ,hav+ consid]$ !
 purity ( ! air1 let u next take a view 
( ! *anges 9 temp]ature :i* x und]goes1 
& ! effects :i* ^! h ^u ! con/itution4  
,we f9d ! air sometimes consid]ably bel[
 ! freez+ po9t2 nay1 ev5 s mu* z #bj or 
#cj degrees2 x is !n int5sely cold2 & on
 ! o!r h&1 ! !rmomet] sometimes         
indicates a great degree ( heat4 ,we !n 
f9d ourselves mu* relax$1 & our         
con/itutions exhau/$4  ,to und]/& h[ ?is
 happ5s1 let u consid] = a mom5t !      
nature ( heat1 & cold4--,heat is "o ( ^?
 /imuli :i* act ^u ! excitability1 &    
support life3 = if x 0 totally )drawn1  
we %\ld n be able to exi/ ev5 a few     

m9utes2 & cold is only a dim9ution (    
heat4 ,:5 heat is pres5t1 9 a prop]     
degree1 or ! atmosph]e is ab\t t degree 
( heat :i* we call temp]ate1 x j gives  
su* a /imulus1 & keeps ! excitability   
exhau/$ to su* a degree1 z to pres]ve ! 
body 9 heal?2 b if x cont9ue = a        
consid]able "t to be mu* w>m] ?an ?is   
temp]ature1 ! consequ5ce mu/ be1 f !    
laws already laid d[n1 an exhau/ion ( ! 
excitability1 & a consequ5t relaxation &
 debility2 =1 :5 ! excitability has be5 
exhau/$ by ! viol5t application ( heat1 
long cont9u$1 ! common /imulant p[]s :i*
 support life1 _c produce a suffici5t   
effect ^u x1 to give to ! body t tone   
:i* is compatible ) heal?4 ,on !        
contr>y1 :5 ! heat ( ! air falls bel[   
:at we call temp]ate1 or :5 cold is     
appli$ to ! body1 f ! accu/om$ /imulus (
 heat be+ dim9i%$1 ! excitability mu/   
accumulate1 or become m liable to be    
affect$ by ! action ( ! ext]nal p[]s4   
,?is1 h[ev]1 v seldom produces bad      
effects1 unless ! excit+ p[]s be        

improp]ly or quickly appli$2 = we c be> 
a consid]able dim9ution ( heat )\t any  
bad consequ5ces2 & 9 all cases ,i hope  
,i %all be able to make x appe>1 t mu* m
 mis*ief arises f ! too great action (  
heat1 ?an f ! dim9ution ( x4 ,nature    
nev] made any c\ntry too cold = its     
inhabitants4 ,9 cold climates1 %e has   
made ex]cise1 & ev5 fatigue habitual to 
!m1 n only f ! necessity ( _! situation1
 b f *oice2 _! natural div]sions be+ all
 ( ! a?letic or viol5t k9d4 ,b ! s(tness
 & effem9acy ( mod]n mann]s1 has bo?    
depriv$ u ( our natural def5ce aga9/ !  
diseases mo/ incid5t to our climate1 &  
subject$ u to all ! inconv5i5cies ( a   
w>m "o4  ,p are afraid ( go+ out into ! 
cold air2 b if !y conduct !mselves      
prop]ly aft]w>ds1 !y w nev] be 9 ! lea/ 
dang] f x4 ,inde$ ! action ( cold1      
unless x be excessive1 nev] produces any
 bad effects4  ,_m ( y w1 no d\bt1 ?9k  
me "h 9 an error2 b ,i hope y w n long  
ent]ta9 t op9ion4 ,y w say t y h _h     
frequ5t exp]i5ce to ! contr>y2 t y h (t5

 gone out into ! cold air1 & h caught   
dreadful colds4 ,t ?is is ow+ to !      
action ( cold1 ,i w d5y2 nay1 ,i w      
ass]t1 t if a p]son g out into air :i*  
is v cold1 & rema9 9 x = a v long "t1 he
 w nev] p]ceive any symptoms ( :at is   
call$ a cold s long z he rema9s !re4  ,a
 common cold is att5d$ ) a runn+ ( !    
nose1 ho>s5ess1 & c\gh1 ) a consid]able 
degree ( fev]i% heat1 an dryness ( !    
sk94--,n[ x is univ]sally agre$1 t ?is  
disord] is an inflammation1 or is ( an  
inflammatory nature2 x is an            
inflammation ( ! smoo?1 moi/ sk9 :i*    
l9es ! no/rils1 & goes d[n ! w9d-pipe   
into ! lungs2 b z cold is only a        
dim9ution ( heat1 or a dim9ution ( a    
/imulus act+ ^u ! body1 x is impossible 
t su* a dim9ution c cause a great]      
action or excitem5t2 we might z well    
expect to fill a vessel by tak+ wat] out
 ( x4 ,b let u see h[ a cold1 z x is    
commonly call$1 is usually produc$4 ,:5 
a p]son 9 cold wea!r goes out into !    
air1 e "t he draws 9 8 brea?1 ! cold air

 passes ?r\gh 8 no/rils & w9dpipe into !
 lungs1 & 9 ?us dim9i%+ ! heat ( ! p>ts1
 all[s _! excitability to accumulate1 & 
r5d]s !m m liable to be affect$ by !    
succe$+ heat4 ,s long z t p]son cont9ues
 9 ! cold air1 he feels no bad effects2 
b if he come into a w>m room1 he fir/   
p]ceives a gl[ )9 8 no/rils & brea/1 z  
well z all ov] ! surface ( ! body4 ,soon
 aft]w>ds1 a disagreeable dryness &     
husk9ess w be felt 9 ! no/rils & brea/4 
,by & by a %ort1 dry1 tickl+ c\gh comes 
on4 ,he feels a %iv]+1 :i* makes him    
draw ne>] to ! fire1 b all to no        
purpose2 ! m he tries to heat himself1 !
 m *ill he becomes4 ,all ! mis*ief is "h
 caus$ by ! viol5t action ( ! heat on ! 
accumulat$ excitability4 ,= want ( a k (
 ?is law1 ^! disagreeable1 & (t5 dang]\s
 compla9ts are br\ght on2 :5 !y might be
 avoid$ ) ! greate/ ease4  ,:5 y take a 
ride into ! c\ntry on a cold day1 y f9d 
y\rselves v cold2 z soon z y g into a   
h\se1 y are invit$ to come to ! fire1 & 
w>m y\rselves2 & :at is /ill worse1 to  

dr9k some?+ w>m & com=table1 to keep out
 ! cold1 z ! say+ is4 ,! inevitable     
consequ5ce ( ?is1 is1 to br+ on !       
compla9ts :i* ,i h j describ$1 :i* might
 ) m propriety be call$1 heats ?an      
colds4 ,b h[ easily might ^! compla9ts h
 be5 avoid$6 ,:5 y come out ( a v cold  
atmosph]e1 y %\ld n at fir/ g into a    
room t has a fire 9 x1 or if y _c avoid 
t1 y %\ld keep = a consid]able "t at z  
great a di/ance f ! fire z possible1 t !
 accumulat$ excitability may be         
gradually exhau/$1 by ! mod]ate & g5tle 
action ( heat2 & !n y may be> ! heat ( !
 fire )\t any dang]3 b1 above all1      
refra9 f tak+ w>m or /rong liquors :ile 
y are cold4 ,if a p]son h 8 h&s or feet 
expos$ to a v sev]e cold1 ! excitability
 ( ^? p>ts w be s mu* accumulat$1 t if  
!y %\ld be br\ght sudd5ly ne> ! fire1 a 
viol5t inflammation1 & ev5 a            
mortification w take place1 :i* has (t5 
happ5$2 or1 at any rate1 t inflammation 
call$ ,*ilbla9s w be produc$1 f ! viol5t
 action ( ! heat ^u ! accumulat$        

excitability ( ^? p>ts2 b1 if a p]son s 
circum/anc$1 0 to put 8 h&s or feet into
 cold wat]1 v little w>m] ?an !         
atmosph]e to :i* he _h be5 expos$1 or   
rub !m ) sn[1 :i* is n (t5 cold] ?an #cb
 or #cj degrees1 ! morbid excitability w
 be gradually exhau/$1 & no bad         
consequ5ces w ensue4  ,:5 a "p ( ! body 
only has be5 expos$ to ! action ( cold1 
& ! re/ kept heat$2 if1 = in/ance1 a    
p]son 9 a w>m room sits s t a curr5t (  
air com+ ?r\gh a brok5 pane1 %\ld fall  
^u any "p ( ! body1 t "p w be soon      
affect$ ) an inflammation1 :i* is       
usually call$ a rheumatic inflammation4 
,f :at has be5 said1 x w be easy to     
acc\nt = ?is circum/ance4 ,!            
excitability ( ! "p is accumulat$ by !  
dim9ution ( its heat2 b at ! same "t1 ! 
re/ ( ! body & blood is w>m2 & ?is w>m  
blood act+ ^u a "p :]e ! excitability is
 accumulat$1 w cause an inflammation2 to
 :i*1 ! m y apply heat1 ! worse y make  
x4--,f ^! consid]ations1 we may lay x   
d[n z a fact1 & exp]i5ce supports u 9 s 

do+1 t y may 9 g5]al g out ( w>m into   
cold air )\t mu* dang]2 b1 t y c nev]   
return sudd5ly f ! cold into ! w>m air )
 p]fect impunity4  ,h5ce1 we may lay d[n
 ! foll[+ rule1 :i*1 if /rictly obs]v$1 
w\ld prev5t ! frequ5t colds we meet ) 9 
w9t]4 ,:5 ! :ole body1 or any "p ( x1 is
 *ill$1 br+ x to its natural feel+ &    
w>m? by degrees4  ,b if1 = want ( obs]v+
 ?is necess>y caution1 a cold1 z x is   
call$1 %\ld h seiz$ a p]son1 let u      
consid] :at is prop] to be done4  ,x w1 
f ! prec$+ reason+1 appe> v improp] to  
make ! room :]e y sit w>m] ?an usual1 to
 increase ! quantity ( b$-clo!s1 to wrap
 y\rself up 9 flannel1 or p>ticul>ly to 
dr9k a l>ge quantity ( b>ley-wat]1      
gruel1 or tea1 almo/ boil+ hot1 by way (
 dilut+1 z x is call$1 & =c+ a          
p]spiration2 ?is w infallibly make !    
disord] worse1 9 ! same mann] z conf9+  
inoculat$ p]sons 9 w>m rooms w\ld make  
_! small-pox m viol5t4  ,p]haps !re w\ld
 be sc>cely su* a ?+ z a bad cold1 if p1
 :5 !y f\nd x com+ on1 7 to keep cool1 &

 avoid w9e & /rong liquors1 & conf9e    
!mselves = a %ort "t to a simple diet ( 
vegetable food1 dr9k+ only toa/ & wat]4 
,in/ances are by no means uncommon1 :]e 
a heat ( ! no/rils1 difficulty ( brea?+1
 a %ort1 tickl+ c\gh1 & o!r symptoms1   
?reat5+ a viol5t cold1 h gone (f        
entirely 9 consequ5ce ( ?is plan be+    
pursu$4  ,colds w\ld be mu* less        
frequ5t1 7 we to take m pa9s to         
accommodate our dress to ! season3 if we
 7 w>mly clo!d 9 cold wea!r1 our        
excitability w\ld n be accumulat$ by !  
action ( ! cold4 ,if a great] proportion
 ( females fall victims to ?is disease1 
is x n because1 los+ sight1 m ?an m51 ( 
its prim>y purpose1 !y regulate _! dress
 solely by fanta/ic ideas ( elegance8   
,if happily1 z is obs]v$ by ,dr4        
,b$does1 our regret %\ld recall ! age ( 
*ivalry1 to break ! spell ( fa%ion w\ld 
be an at*ievem5t wor?y ! mo/ gallant (  
our future knights4 ,common s5se has    
always fail$ 9 ! adv5ture2 & our ladies1
 alas6 are /ill compell$1 :5ev] !       

en*antress waves h] w&1 to expose       
!mselves half undress$1 to ! fogs &     
fro/s ( our climate4  ,besides ! effects
 ( ! air1 we ought by no means to be    
indiff]5t ) reg>d to :at we take into ! 
/oma* z food & dr9k2 s9ce ^! h ev5 a    
great] influ5ce on our heal?1 ?an !     
circum/ances ,i h already m5tion$4      
,among ! causes :i* excite ! body1 &    
support life1 ,i h =m]ly m5tion$ food1  
or ! matt]s tak5 into ! /oma*4 ,x is f  
^! matt]s t all ! animal solids & fluids
 are =m$2 ^! are /imuli1 :i* if totally 
)drawn1 we c\ld n exi/ _m days4 ,^!     
/imuli are subject to ! same laws ) all 
! o!rs :i* act ^u ! body4 ,:5 !y act    
prop]ly 9 conc]t ) ! o!r p[]s1 !y       
produce ! heal?y /ate2 b if !y act 9 an 
undue degree1 :e!r t action be too great
 or too little1 disease w be !          
consequ5ce4 ,:5 !y act too feebly1 !    
excitability w accumulate2 & diseases ( 
debility1 att5d$ ) a v great degree (   
irritability1 w take place3 ?is has be5 
in/anc$ 9 ^? :o h be5 )\t food = "s "t4 

,p]sons :o h be5 %ut up 9 a coal-"w by !
 fall+-9 ( ! pit1 & h consequ5tly be5   
)\t food = "s days1 h _h _! excitability
 s mu* accumulat$1 z to be intoxicat$ ) 
a bason ( bro?4  ,to ?is s\rce we may   
attribute _m ( ! diseases ) :i* ! poor  
are afflict$2 b !y are by no means s    
common z diseases ( an opposite nature1 
:i* arise f a too free use ( food4 ,i   
%all conf9e myself "h to ! consid]ation 
( :at is m /rictly call$ food1 &        
aft]w>ds consid] ! effects ( /rong      
liquors4  ,:5 we take food 9 too great  
quantity1 or ( too n\ri%+ a quality1 x w
 ei!r produce inflammatory diseases1 su*
 z pleurisy2 or by exhau/+ !            
excitability1 x w br+ on /oma*          
compla9ts1 g\t1 & all ! symptoms (      
premature old age4 ,?is foll[s s        
evid5tly f ! laws we h inve/igat$1 t x  
is sc>cely necess>y to say m on !       
subject2 & ,i am sure !re are few :o h n
 se5 examples ( x4  ,be !re=e temp]ate 9
 eat+1 & eat only ( su* foods z are !   
pla9e/2 & let a prop] quantity (        

vegetable food be mix$ ) animal4 ,if y  
value ! pres]vation ( heal?1 nev]       
satiate y\rselves ) eat+2 b let x be a  
rule f :i* y ought nev] to dep>t1 always
 to rise f table ) "s rema9s ( appetite3
 =1 :5 ! /oma* is load$ ) m food ?an x c
 easily dige/1 a crude & unassimilat$   
*yle is tak5 into ! blood1 pregnant )   
diseases4 ,nor is ! quantity ! only     
object ( att5tion2 ! quality ( ! food is
 to be c>efully /udi$2 made di%es1      
enri*$ ) hot sauces1 /imulate inf9itely 
m ?an pla9 food1 & !re=e exhau/ !       
excitability1 br++ on diseases (        
indirect debility2 su* z ! wor/ k9d (   
g\t1 apoplexy1 & p>alytic compla9ts4 ,= 
my "p1 says an elegant writ]1 :5 ,i     
behold a fa%ionable table set out 9 all 
its magnific5ce1 ,i fancy t ,i see g\ts 
& dropsies1 fev]s & le?>gies1 ) o!r     
innum]able di/emp]s1 ly+ 9 ambuscade    
among ! di%es4 ,let x be !re=e laid d[n 
z a rule by ^? :o wi% to pres]ve _!     
heal?1 & ,i h no?+ to say to ^? :o are  
indiff]5t on t head1 to make _! *ief    

repa/ on "o pla9 di%1 & trifle ) ! re/4 
,x is by no means uncommon = a m$ical   
man to h pati5ts1 *iefly among p (      
fa%ion & =tune1 :o compla9 ( be+ hot &  
re/less all night1 & hav+ a f\l ta/e 9 !
 m\? e morn+3 on exam9ation x is f\nd1 t
 9 n9ete5 cases out ( tw5ty1 x has aris5
 f _! hav+ ov]load$ _! /oma*s1 & at !   
same "t neglect$ to take prop] ex]cise2 
= x mu/ always be obs]v$1 t m may be    
eat5 ) safety1 nay1 m is ev5 necess>y1  
:5 a p]son takes a good deal ( ex]cise4 
,:5 p take little ex]cise1 & ov]load _! 
/oma*s1 !re lies )9 !m a f]m5t+ mass (  
undige/$ alim5t2 & x is n surpriz+ t ?is
 %\ld irritate & heat ! body dur+ !     
night4 ,?is is likewise ! f\ndation (   
/oma* compla9ts1 flatul5cies1 & all o!r 
symptoms ( indige/ion2 :i* m frequ5tly  
proce$ f intemp]ance 9 eat+ & dr9k+ ?an 
any o!r cause4 ,! b5efits aris+ f       
temp]ance are set 9 a /rik+ light 9 !   
foll[+ allegory1 :i* may be f\nd 9 !    
,adv5tur]4  ,esculapius1 aft] 8         
deification or admittance among ! gods1 

hav+ revisit$ 8 native c\ntry1 & be+ "o 
day 7z curiosity l$ him a rambl+17 9    
dang] ( be+ b5ight$1 made ! be/ ( 8 way 
to a h\se he saw at "s di/ance1 :]e he 0
 hospitably receiv$ by ! ma/] ( x4      
,cremes1 = t 0 ! ma/]'s "n1 ?\gh b a "y 
man1 0 infirm & sickly4 ,( sev]al di%es 
s]v$ up to supp]1 ,cremes obs]v$ t 8    
gue/ ate b ( "o1 & t ! mo/ simple2 nor  
c\ld all 8 intreaties prevail ^u him to 
d o!rwise4 ,he 01 not)/&+1 highly       
delight$ ) ,esculapius's conv]sation1 9 
:i* he obs]v$ a *e]fulness & k sup]ior  
to any ?+ he _h hi!rto met )4  ,! next  
morn+1 ,esculapius took 8 leave1 b n    
till he _h engag$ 8 good-natur$ ho/ to  
pay him a visit at a small villa1 a few 
miles f !nce4 ,cremes came accord+ly1 & 
0 mo/ k9dly receiv$2 b h[ great 0 8     
amazem5t :5 supp] 0 s]v$ up1 to see no?+
 b milk1 honey1 & a few roots1 dress$ 9 
! pla9e/1 b neate/ mann]1 to :i* hung]1 
*e]fulness1 & good s5se1 7 ! only       
sauces4 ,esculapius seem$ to eat )      
pleasure1 :ile ,cremes sc>cely ta/$ (   

!m4 ,on :i* a repa/ 0 ord]$ m suitable  
to ! ta/e ( our gue/4 ,imm$iately !re   
succe$$ a banquet compos$ ( ! mo/ artful
 di%es t luxury c\ld inv5t1 ) great     
pl5ty & v>iety ( ! ri*e/ & mo/          
intoxicat+ w9es4 ,^! too 7 accompani$ by
 damsels ( ! mo/ bewit*+ beauty4 ,cremes
 n[ gave a loose to 8 appetites1 & e ?+ 
he ta/$ rais$ ec/asies beyond :at he _h 
ev] kn[n4 ,dur+ ! repa/1 ! damsels sung 
& danc$ to ent]ta9 !m2 _! *>ms en*ant$ !
 enraptur$ gue/1 already flu%$ ) :at he 
_h drank2 8 s5ses 7 lo/ 9 ec/atic       
confusion4 ,e ?+ ar\nd him seem$        
,elysium1 & he 0 on ! po9t ( indulg+ !  
mo/ b\ndless fre$oms1 :5 on a sudd5 _!  
beauty1 :i* 0 b a viz>d1 fell (f1 &     
discov]$ =ms ! mo/ hide\s & =bidd+      
imag9able4 ,lu/1 rev5ge1 folly1 murd]1  
meagre pov]ty1 & despair1 n[ appe>$ 9 ! 
mo/ odi\s %apes1 & ! place in/antly     
became a mo/ dire sc5e ( mis]y &        
confusion4 ,h[ (t5 did ,cremes wi%      
himself f> di/ant f su* a diabolical    
company1 & n[ dread$ ! fatal consequ5ce 

:i* ?reat5$ him4 ,8 blood ran *ill at 8 
he>t1 & joy & rapture 7 p]v]t$ to       
amazem5t & horror6--,:5 ,esculapius     
p]ceiv$ x _h made a suffici5t impression
 on 8 gue/1 he ?us address$ him3 ,"k1   
,cremes1 x is ,esculapius :o has ?us    
ent]ta9$ y1 & :at y h beheld is a true  
image ( ! deceitfulness & mis]y         
insep>able f luxury & intemp]ance4 ,w\ld
 y be happy1 be temp]ate3 temp]ance is !
 p>5t ( heal?1 virtue1 wisdom1 pl5ty1 & 
e ?+ t c make y happy 9 ?is or ! _w to  
come4 ,x is inde$ ! true luxury ( life1 
= )\t x life _c be enjoy$4 ,?is said1 he
 disappe>$1 & left ,cremes 7in/ead ( an 
elegant ap>tm5t7 9 an op5 pla91 full (  
ideas q diff]5t f ^? he _h br\ght ) him4
  ,on 8 return home1 f ! mo/ luxuri\s1  
he became "o ( ! mo/ temp]ate m51 by :i*
 wise me?od he soon rega9$ heal?4       
,frugality produc$ ri*es1 & f an infirm 
& crazy con/itution1 & almo/ ru9$ e/ate1
 by virtue ( ?is infallible elixir1 he  
became "o ( ! happie/ m5 brea?+1 & liv$ 
to a heal?y old age1 rev]$ z an oracle =

 8 wisdom ?r\gh\t all ,greece4  ,if     
temp]ance be necess>y ) reg>d to food1 x
 is /ill m s ) respect to /rong liquors2
 ^! diffusible /imuli1 by quickly       
exhau/+ ! excitability1 soon bla/ !     
vig\r1 & sap ! f\ndation ( ! /ronge/    
con/itution4 ,_! imm$iate effects y "k  
are /imulant2 !y raise ! animal spirits1
 produce a *e]ful /ate ( m9d1 & if tak5 
9 great] quantity1 cause intoxication1  
or t tempor>y d]angem5t ( ! ?9k+ p[]s   
:i* arises f too great a degree (       
excitem5t3 b let u see :at happ5s ! next
 day2 ! animal spirits are exhau/$1 & ! 
p]son ?us situat$1 f9ds himself languid 
& en]vat$ to a great degree2 = x seems a
 law ( ! human body1 t ! spirits are    
nev] artificially rais$1 )\t be+        
aft]w>ds proportionably depress$2 & to  
%ew cle>ly t 9 ?is /ate ! excitability  
is exhau/$1 ! ord9>y p[]s :i* 9 g5]al   
support life1 w n h _! due effect2 & a  
p]son ?us situat$ f9ds mo/ relief ! next
 day1 f tak+ "s ( ! same /imulus :i*    
occasion$ ! exhau/ion2 because ! common 

excit+ p[]s c sc>cely act ^u 8 exhau/$  
excitability4  ,b ?\gh ! excitability be
 9 ?is way exhau/$1 x w 9 ! c\rse ( a   
day or two be aga9 accumulat$1 & x may1 
p]haps1 be suspect$ t ?is exhau/ion c d 
no h>m to ! con/itution2 b ?is is a     
premature conclusion1 & q contr>y to    
fact & exp]i5ce1 z well z to reason2 =1 
j 9 ! same mann] t a p5dulum1 made to   
vibrate 9 ! arc ( a circle1 w nev]      
return exactly to ! same height1 b fall 
a little %ort ( x e "t2 s1 ?\gh !       
excitability may be aga9 accumulat$1 x  
nev] c be br\ght back to :at x 0 be=e2 &
 e fre% debau* w %ort5 life1 probably   
two or ?ree weeks at lea/1 besides      
debilitat+ ! body1 & br++ on a v>iety ( 
diseases1 ) premature old age4  ,^? :o  
dr9k only a mod]ate quantity ( w9e1 s z 
to make !m *e]ful1 z !y call x1 b n     
absolutely to intoxicate1 may imag9e t x
 w d !m no h>m4 ,! /rong & robu/ may    
enjoy ! pleasures ( ! bottle & table )  
seem+ impunity1 & sometimes = _m ye>s   
may n f9d any bad effects f !m2 b dep5d 

^u x1 if a full diet ( animal food be e 
day indulg$ 91 ) only a mod]ate portion 
( w9e1 its baneful influ5ce w bla/ !    
vig\r ( ! /ronge/ con/itution4  ,:ile we
 are eat+1 wat] is ! be/ bev]age4 ,!    
cu/om ( dr9k+ f]m5t$ liquors1 &         
p>ticul>ly w9e1 dur+ d9n]1 is a v       
p]nici\s "o4 ,! idea t x assi/s         
dige/ion1 is false2 ^? :o are acqua9t$ )
 *emi/ry "k1 t food is h>d5$1 & r5d]$   
less dige/ible by ^! means1 & ! /imulus 
:i* w9e gives to ! /oma* is n necess>y1 
except+ to ^? :o h exhau/$ !            
excitability ( t organ by ! excessive   
use ( /rong liquors4 ,9 ^!4 ,! /oma* c  
sc>cely be excit$ to any action )\t !   
assi/ance ( su* a /imulus4 ,if food     
wants dilut+1 wat] is ! be/ dilu5t1 & w 
prev5t ! ris+1 z x is call$1 ( /rong    
food1 mu* bett] ?an w9e or spirits4     
,be=e ,i f9i% ?is subject1 ,i %all say a
 few words on ! p]nici\s cu/om ( suff]+ 
*ildr5 to dr9k w9e1 or o!r f]m5t$       
liquors4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to see1  
ev5 v "y *ildr5 come to ! table aft]    

d9n]1 to dr9k a glass ( w9e4 ,! lea/    
quantity produces viol5t effects on _!  
accumulat$ excitability1 & by quickly   
exhau/+ x1 ru9s _! con/itutions ?r\gh   
life1 & (t5 r5d]s !m habitual dr9k]s4   
,i c sc>cely help attribut+ 9 "s degree 
! _m /oma* compla9ts we meet )1 among "y
 p 9 ! pres5t age1 & :i* 7 unkn[n to our
 =efa!rs1 to ! abom9able practice (     
suff]+ *ildr5 to dr9k f]m5t$1 or        
spiritu\s liquors4 ,y mu/ all h obs]v$  
h[ soon *ildr5 are intoxicat$ & inflam$ 
by spiritu\s liquors2 y may judge !n1 t 
if ^! liquors be only a sl[ poison to u1
 !y are a v quick "o to !m4 ,a glass (  
w9e1 on acc\nt ( ! accumulat$           
excitability ( *ildr51 w h m effect ^u  
!m1 ?an a bottle w h ^u an adult        
accu/om$ to dr9k w9e4 ,if !re=e1 ! heal?
 ( a *ild1 & its happ9ess ?r\gh life be 
an object1 nev] suff] x to ta/e f]m5t$1 
or spiritu\s liquors1 till x be fifte5  
or sixte5 ye>s ( age1 unless a little   
w9e be necess>y z a m$ic9e4  ,x n[ only 
rema9s = me to take "s notice ( ex]cise4

 ,( all ! v>i\s me?ods ( pres]v+ heal?1 
& ( prev5t+ diseases1 :i* nature has    
sugge/$1 !re is none m efficaci\s ?an   
ex]cise2 x puts ! fluids all 9 motion1  
/r5g!ns ! solids1 promotes p]spiration1 
& occasions ! decomposition ( a l>g]    
quantity ( atmosph]ic air 9 ! lungs4    
,h5ce1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! heal? ( !    
body1 ! au?or ( nature has made ex]cise 
absolutely necess>y to ! great] "p (    
mank9d = obta9+ ! means ( exi/5ce4--,_h 
n ex]cise be5 absolutely necess>y = our 
well-be+1 says ! elegant ,addison1      
nature w\ld n h made ! body s prop] = x1
 by giv+ su* an activity to ! limbs1 &  
su* a pliancy to e "p1 z necess>ily     
produce ^? compressions1 ext5sions1     
contortions1 dilatations1 & all o!r k9ds
 ( motions1 t are necess>y = !          
pres]vation ( su* a sy/em ( tubes &     
gl&s4--,& t we might n want inducem5t to
 engage u 9 su* ex]cise ( ! body z is   
prop] = its welf>e1 x is s ord]$1 t no?+
 valuable c be procur$ )\t x4 ,n to     
m5tion ri*es & honors1 ev5 food & raim5t

 are n to be come at )\t ! toil ( ! h&s 
& sweat ( ! br[4 ,provid5ce furni%es    
mat]ials1 b expects t we %\ld "w !m up  
ourselves4 ,! e>? mu/ be lab\r$ be=e x  
gives its increase1 & :5 x is =c$ into  
its sev]al products1 h[ _m h&s mu/ !y   
pass ?r\gh be=e !y are fit = use8       
,manufactures1 trade1 & agriculture1    
naturally employ m ?an n9ete5 p>ts ( !  
species out ( tw5ty2 & z = ^? :o are n  
oblig$ to lab\r by ! condition 9 :i* !y 
are born1 !y are m mis]able ?an ! re/ ( 
mank9d1 unless !y indulge !mselves 9 t  
volunt>y lab\r :i* goes by ! "n (       
ex]cise4  ,( all ! diff]5t k9ds (       
ex]cise1 !re is none t conduces s mu* to
 heal? z rid+2 x is n att5d$ ) ! fatigue
 ( walk+1 & ! free air is m enjoy$ 9 ?is
 way ?an by any o!r mode ( ex]cise4 ,:]e
 x _c be us$1 walk+1 or ex]cise 9 a     
c>riage1 ought to be sub/itut$4  ,! be/ 
"t = tak+ ex]cise is be=e d9n]1 = ! body
 is !n m vigor\s & al]t1 & ! m9d m      
*e]ful1 & bett] dispos$ to enjoy !      
pleasure ( a ride or walk4 ,ex]cise aft]

 a full meal di/urbs dige/ion1 & causes 
pa9ful s5sations 9 ! /oma* & b[els1 )   
he>t-burn1 & acid eructations4  ,b      
:atev] mode ( ex]cise y use1 x ought n  
at fir/ to be too viol5t4 ,dr4 ,arm/rong
 has giv5 u an excell5t rule--  ',beg9 )
 g5tle toils1 & z y\r n]ves 'gr[ firm1  
to h>di]1 by j /eps aspire4 ',! prud5t1 
ev5 9 e mod]ate walk1 'at fir/ b saunt]1
 & by sl[ degrees 'increase _! pace4'   
,,! ,,end4  ,r4 ,,noble4 ,pr9t]1    ,old
 ,bailey4  ,,notes4  #a ,h9c tibi1 quae 
semp] vic9o ab lim9e sepes ,hyblaeis    
apibus florem depa/a salicti1 ,saepe    
levi somnum suadebit inire susurro4     
,,virg4  #b ,may n ! heat1 & want (     
p]spiration1 dep5d on an exhau/$        
irritability ( ! subcutane\s vessels1   
:i* w be accumulat$ by ! me?od "h       
recomm5d$8  #c ,oxyg5 gas1 accord+ to ! 
new ,nom5clature4  #d ,! fix$ air1 or   
c>bonic acid gas1 =m$ dur+ ! combu/ion1 
hav+ be5 sep>at$ by agitation 9 contact 
) lime wat]4  #e ,/rictly speak+1 wat]  
is compos$ ( ! bases ( ^! airs1 !       

greate/ "p ( ! caloric be+ giv5 out on  
_! union4  #f ,:]e manufactures are     
c>ri$ on to a great ext5t1 ! air is     
r5d]$ /ill worse1 & e precaution ought  
to be us$ to pres]ve ! heal? ( !        
inhabitants4 ,places :]e manufactures   
are c>ri$ on1 ought1 !re=e1 to be       
con/ruct$ 9 su* a mann] z to be v l(ty1 
& capable ( be+ easily v5tilat$4        
,night-work+ is und\bt$ly a p]v]sion ( !
 laws ( nature1 r5d]s ! con/itution     
feeble1 & lays a f\ndation = bad heal? &
 disease3 = x n only gives no "t =      
v5tilation1 & 9 consequ5ce ! quantity ( 
oxyg5 becomes m & m exhau/$2 b ! numb] (
 c&les us$1 contributes v mu* to        
contam9ate ! air4 ,x has be5 f\nd by    
exp]im5t t a c&le contam9ates m air ?an 
a man4 ,by p]sons :o are int]e/$ 9 !    
welf>e ( ! succe$+ g5]ations1 night-"w w
 nev] be urg$1 & x w be "r to v5tilate !
 manufactories e night1 z well z dur+   
breakfa/ & d9n]4  99 99 99 99 99        
,lately publi%$1 ,elegantly pr9t$ 9 ,two
 ,volumes ,qu>to1 & illu/rat$ by a ,map 

& ,fifty-two ,plates1 f ,draw+s tak5 on 
! ,spot by ,w4 ,h4 ,watts1 :o accompani$
 ! ,au?or 9 ! ,t\r1 ,price #bl4 #abs4   
#f;d4 9 ,bo>ds1  ,,obs]vations on a     
,,t\r ?r\gh ! ,,highl&s & ,"p ( !       
,,we/]n ,,isles ( ,,scotl&1 p>ticul>ly  
,,/affa & ,,icolmkill3 ,to :i* are add$1
 a ,description ( ! ,falls ( ! ,clyde1 (
 ! ,c\ntry r\nd ,m(fat1 & an ,analysis (
 its ,m9]al ,wat]s4  ,by ,t4 ,,g>nett1  
,m4,d4  ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,m$ical1      
,physical1 & ,natural ,hi/ory ,societies
 ( ,ed9burgh2 ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical
 ,society ( ,man*e/]2 ! ,m$ical ,society
 ( ,london2 ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy2 &  
,pr(essor ( ,natural ,philosophy &      
,*emi/ry 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great
 ,brita94  ,pr9t$ = ,t4 ,cadell1 jun4 & 
,w4 ,davies1 ,/r&4  99 99 99 99         
,transcrib]'s ,notes4  ,! frontispiece  
conta9s ! foll[+ text1 & a portrait ( ! 
au?or3  ,engrav$ by ,j4 ,hopwood1 f a   
picture by ,j4 ,r4 ,smi?4 ,,?omas       
,,g>nett1 ,m4,d4 ,publi%$ ,m>* #be?     
#ahjj1 by ,cadell  ,davies1 ,/r&4  ,9   

l9e #bda ( ?is text1 ! ^w transcrib$ z  
too appe>s z o 9 ! orig9al text1 ) blank
 space indicat+ ! omission ( ! fir/ two 
lett]s ( ! ^w4 ,9 ,lecture ,,ix ( ,dr4  
,g>nett's ,zoonomia1 :]e ! same example 
( ! reaction ( ! eye to light is giv51 !
 ^w appe>s z too4