,illu/ration ,,! ,,brea? ,,( ,,life ,,by ,,john ,,burr\ghs ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton ,,miffl9 ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press ,cambridge ,,copyright1 #aiae1 ,,by ,,john ,,burr\ghs ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,may #aiae ,,preface ,z life ne>s its end ) me1 ,i f9d myself m$itat+ m & m ^u ! my/]y ( its nature & orig91 yet )\t ! lea/ hope t ,i c f9d out ! ways ( ! ,et]nal 9 ?is or 9 any o!r _w4 ,9 ^! /udies ,i fancy ,i am ab\t z f> f ma/]+ ! my/]y z ! ant :i* ,i saw ?is morn+ indu/ri\sly explor+ a small section ( ! g>d5 walk is f gett+ a cle> idea ( ! geography ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,cont95t4 ,b ! ant 0 occupi$ & 0 app>5tly happy1 & %e mu/ h le>n$ some?+ ab\t a small fraction ( t "p ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,i h pass$ _m pleasant summ] days 9 my hay-b>n /udy1 or "u ! apple trees1 explor+ ^! que/ions1 & ?\gh ,i h n solv$ !m1 ,i am satisfi$ ) ! cle>] view ,i h giv5 myself ( ! my/]y t envelops !m4 ,i h set d[n 9 ^! pages all ! ?\ghts t h come to me on ?is subject4 ,i h n aim$ s mu* at consi/5cy z at cle>ness & def9it5ess ( /atem5t1 lett+ my m9d drift z ^u a %oreless sea4 ,inde$1 :at are su* que/ions1 & all o!r ultimate que/ions1 b %oreless seas :]eon ! *ief rew>d ( ! navigator is ! joy ( ! adv5ture8 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne said1 ov] two hundr$ ye>s ago1 t 9 philosophy tru? seem$ d\ble-fac$1 by :i* ,i fancy he meant t !re 0 always m ?an "o po9t ( view ( all great problems1 (t5 contradictory po9ts ( view1 f :i* tru? is reveal$4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages ,i am aw>e t two ideas1 or pr9ciples1 /ruggle 9 my m9d = ma/]y4 ,"o is ! idea ( ! sup]-me*anical & ! sup]-*emical "* ( liv+ ?+s2 ! o!r is ! idea ( ! supremacy & univ]sality ( :at we call natural law4 ,! fir/ probably spr+s f my inborn idealism & lit]>y habit ( m9d2 ! second f my love ( nature & my sci5tific b5t4 ,x is h>d = me to r$uce ! life impulse to a level ) common mat]ial =ces t %ape & control ! _w ( in]t matt]1 & x is equally h>d = me to reconcile my reason to ! introduction ( a new pr9ciple1 or to see any?+ 9 natural processes t savors ( ! ab-extra4 ,x is ! work+ ( ^! two diff]5t ideas 9 my m9d t seems to give rise to ! obvi\s contradictions t crop out "h & !re ?r\gh\t ?is volume4 ,an explanation ( life ph5om5a t savors ( ! laboratory & *emism repels me1 & an explanation t savors ( ! !ological po9t ( view is equally di/a/eful to me4 ,i crave & seek a natural explanation ( all ph5om5a ^u ?is e>?1 b ! ^w natural to me implies m ?an m]e *emi/ry & physics4 ,! bir? ( a baby1 & ! bloom+ ( a fl[]1 are natural ev5ts1 b ! laboratory me?ods =ev] fail to give u ! key to ! secret ( ei!r4 ,i am =c$ to conclude t my passion = nature & = all op5-air life1 ?\gh t+$ & /imulat$ by sci5ce1 is n a passion = pure sci5ce1 b = lit]ature & philosophy4 ,my imag9ation & +ra9$ humanism are appeal$ to by ! facts & me?ods ( natural hi/ory4 ,i f9d some?+ ak9 to poetry & religion 7us+ ! latt] ^w 9 its non-my?ological s5se1 z indicat+ ! sum ( my/]y & rev]5ce we feel 9 ! pres5ce ( ! great facts ( life & dea?7 9 ! %[s ( day & night1 & 9 my excursions to fields & woods4 ,! love ( nature is a diff]5t ?+ f ! love ( sci5ce1 ?\gh ! two may g toge!r4 ,! ,wordswor?ian s5se 9 nature1 ( some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$ ?an ! pr9ciples ( exact sci5ce1 is probably ! s\rce ( ne>ly if n q all t ?is volume holds4 ,to ! rigid man ( sci5ce ?is is frank my/icism2 b )\t a s5se ( ! unkn[n & unkn[able1 life is flat & b>r54 ,)\t ! emotion ( ! beautiful1 ! sublime1 ! my/]i\s1 !re is no art1 no religion1 no lit]ature4 ,h[ to get f ! clod und]foot to ! bra9 & consci\sness ( man )\t invok+ some?+ outside (1 & sup]ior to1 natural laws1 is ! "q4 ,= my own "p ,i cont5t myself ) ! ?\ght ( "s unkn[n & d\btless unkn[able t5d5cy or p[] 9 ! elem5ts !mselves--a k9d ( univ]sal m9d p]vad+ liv+ matt] & ! reason ( its liv+1 ?r\gh :i* ! :ole drama ( evolution is br\ght ab\t4 ,?is is gett+ v ne> to ! old teleological conception1 z x is also ne> to t ( ,h5ri ,b]gson & ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge4 ,our m9ds easily slide into ! groove ( sup]naturalism & spiritualism because !y h long mov$ !re94 ,we h ! words & !y m\ld our ?\ghts4 ,b sci5ce is fa/ tea*+ u t ! univ]se is complete 9 itself2 t :atev] takes place 9 matt] is by virtue ( ! =ce ( matt]2 t x does n def] to or borr[ f "s o!r univ]se2 t !re is deep b5ea? deep 9 x2 t gross matt] has its int]ior 9 ! molecule1 & ! molecule has its int]ior 9 ! atom1 & ! atom has its int]ior 9 ! electron1 & t ! electron is matt] 9 its f\r? or non-mat]ial /ate--! po9t :]e x t\*es ! sup]-mat]ial4 ,! trans=mation ( physical en]gy into vital1 & ( vital into m5tal1 d\btless takes place 9 ?is invisible inn] _w ( atoms & electrons4 ,! electric con/itution ( matt] is a d$uction ( physics4 ,x seems 9 "s degree to bridge ov] ! *asm betwe5 :at we call ! mat]ial & ! spiritual4 ,if we are n )9 hail+ di/ance ( life & m9d1 we seem assur$ly on ! road ?i!r4 ,! my/]y ( ! trans=mation ( ! e!real1 impond]able =ces into ! vital & ! m5tal seems q beyond ! p[] ( ! m9d to solve4 ,! explanation ( x 9 ! bald t]ms ( *emi/ry & physics c nev] satisfy a m9d ) a trace ( idealism 9 x4 ,! great] numb] ( ! *apt]s ( ?is volume are v>iations ^u a s+le !me1--:at ,tyndall call$ ! my/]y & ! miracle ( vitality1--& ,i c only hope t ! v>iations are ( suffici5t int]e/ to ju/ify ! inevitable repetitions :i* occur4 ,i am no m incl9$ ?an ,tyndall 0 to believe 9 miracles unless we "n ev]y?+ a miracle1 :ile at ! same "t ,i am deeply impress$ ) ! inadequacy ( all kn[n mat]ial =ces to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a ( liv+ ?+s4 ,t ^w ( evil repute1 mat]ialism1 is no long] ! black %eep 9 ! flock t x 0 be=e ! adv5t ( mod]n transc5d5tal physics4 ,! spiritualiz$ mat]ialism ( m5 l ,huxley & ,tyndall ne$ n tr\ble u4 ,x spr+s f ! new conception ( matt]4 ,x /&s on ! ?re%old ( idealism or my/icism ) ! door aj>4 ,aft] ,tyndall _h ca/ out ! t]m vital =ce1 & r$uc$ all visible ph5om5a ( life to me*anical attraction & repulsion1 aft] he _h exhau/$ physics1 & rea*$ its v rim1 a mighty my/]y /ill hov]$ beyond him4 ,he recogniz$ t he _h made no /ep t[>d its solution1 & 0 =c$ to confess ) ! philosoph]s ( all ages t ,we are su* /uff ,z dreams are made on1 & our little life ,is r\nd$ ) a sleep4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,! ,,brea? ,,( ,,life #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,liv+ ,,wave #bd ,,iii4 ,a ,,wond]ful ,,_w #df ,,iv4 ,,! ,,baffl+ ,,problem #ga ,v4 ,,sci5tific ,,vitalism #ajd ,,vi4 ,a ,,bird ,,( ,,passage #aae ,,vii4 ,,life ,,& ,,m9d #aca ,,viii4 ,,life ,,& ,,sci5ce #aei ,,ix4 ,,! ,,j\rney+ ,,atoms #ahh ,x4 ,,! ,,vital ,,ord] #bab ,,xi4 ,,! ,,arrival ,,( ,,! ,,fit #bdd ,,xii4 ,,! ,,naturali/',s ,,view ,,( ,,life #bed ,,index #bia ,! reproduction ( ! bu/ ( ,mr4 ,burr\ghs :i* appe>s z ! frontispiece to ?is volume is us$ by c\rtesy ( ! sculptor1 ,c4 ,s4 ,pietro4 ,i ,,! ,,brea? ,,( ,,life ,i ,:5 = ! ?ird or f\r? "t dur+ ! spr+ or summ] ,i take my hoe & g out & cut (f ! heads ( ! lu/y burdocks t s5d out _! broad leaves along ! edge ( my g>d5 or lawn1 ,i (t5 ask myself1 ,:at is ?is ?+ t is s h>d to scot* "h 9 ! grass8 ,i decapitate x "t aft] "t & yet x =?) gets itself ano!r head4 ,we call x burdock1 b :at is burdock1 & :y does x n *ange into yell[ dock1 or into a cabbage8 ,:at is x t is s con/ant & s irrepressible1 & be=e ! summ] is end$ w be ly+ 9 wait "h ) its t5 ?\s& little hooks to atta* itself to e skirt or bu%y tail or furry or woolly coat t comes along1 9 ord] to get free transportation to o!r lawns & g>d5s1 to gre5 fields & pa/ures new8 ,x is "s liv+ ?+2 b :at is a liv+ ?+1 & h[ does x diff] f a me*anical & non-liv+ ?+8 ,if ,i sma% or ov]turn ! sundial ) my hoe1 or break ! hoe itself1 ^! ?+s /ay sma%$ & brok51 b ! burdock m5ds itself1 r5ews itself1 &1 if ,i am n on my gu>d1 w surreptiti\sly mature "s ( ! burs be=e ! season is pass$4 ,evid5tly a liv+ ?+ is radically diff]5t f a me*anical ?+2 yet mod]n physical sci5ce tells me t ! burdock is only ano!r k9d ( ma*9e1 & manife/s no?+ b ! activity ( ! me*anical & *emical pr9ciples t we see 9 op]ation all ab\t u 9 dead matt]2 & t a little diff]5t me*anical arrangem5t ( its ultimate atoms w\ld turn x into a yell[ dock or into a cabbage1 into an oak or into a p9e1 into an ox or into a man4 ,i see t x is a ma*9e 9 ?is respect1 t x is set go+ by a =ce ext]ior to itself--! w>m? ( ! sun act+ ^u x1 & ^u ! moi/ure 9 ! soil2 b x is unme*anical 9 t x repairs itself & gr[s & reproduces itself1 & aft] x has ceas$ runn+ c nev] be made to run aga94 ,aft] ,i h r$uc$ all its activities to me*anical & *emical pr9ciples1 my m9d seems to see some?+ t *emi/ry & me*anics d n expla9--some?+ t avails itself ( ^! =ces1 b is n ( !m4 ,?is may be only my an?ropomorphic way ( look+ at ?+s1 b are n all our ways ( look+ at ?+s an?ropomorphic8 ,h[ c !y be any o!r8 ,!y _c be deific s9ce we are n gods4 ,!y may be sci5tific4 ,b :at is sci5ce b a k9d ( an?ropomorphism8 ,kant wisely said1 ,x s\nds at fir/ s+ul>1 b is none ! less c]ta91 t ! und]/&+ does n d]ive its laws f nature1 b prescribes !m to nature4 ,?is is ! an?ropomorphism ( sci5ce4 ,if ,i attribute ! ph5om5on ( life to a vital =ce or pr9ciple1 am ,i any m unsci5tific ?an ,i am :5 ,i give a local habitation & a "n to any o!r causal =ce1 z gravity1 *emical aff9ity1 cohesion1 osmosis1 electricity1 & s =?8 ,^! t]ms /& = c]ta9 special activities 9 nature & are z mu* ! inv5tions ( our own m9ds z are any ( ! re/ ( our ideas4 ,we c help ourselves out1 z ,haeckel does1 by call+ ! physical =ces--su* z ! magnet t attracts ! iron fil+s1 ! p[d] t explodes1 ! /eam t drives ! locomotive1 & ! l--liv+ inorganics1 & look+ ^u !m z act+ by liv+ =ce z mu* z ! s5sitive mimosa does :5 x contracts its leaves at t\*4 ,b liv+ =ce is :at we are try+ to diff]5tiate f me*anical =ce1 & :at d we ga9 by conf\nd+ ! two8 ,we c only look ^u a liv+ body z a ma*9e by =m+ new conceptions ( a ma*9e--a ma*9e utt]ly unme*anical1 :i* is a contradiction ( t]ms4 ,a man may exp5d ! same k9d ( =ce 9 ?9k+ t he exp5ds 9 *opp+ 8 wood1 b t fact does n put ! two k9ds ( activity on ! same level4 ,!re is no "q b t ! food consum$ is ! s\rce ( ! en]gy 9 bo? cases1 b 9 ! "o ! en]gy is muscul>1 & 9 ! o!r x is n]v\s4 ,:5 we speak ( m5tal or spiritual =ce1 we h z di/9ct a conception z :5 we speak ( physical =ce4 ,x requires physical =ce to produce ! effect t we call m5tal =ce1 ?\gh h[ ! "o c result 9 ! o!r is pa/ und]/&+4 ,! law ( ! correlation & cons]vation ( en]gy requires t :at goes into ! body z physical =ce mu/ come out 9 "s =m ( physical =ce--heat1 light1 electricity1 & s =?4 ,sci5ce _c trace =ce into ! m5tal realm & connect x ) our /ates ( consci\sness4 ,x loses track ( x s completely t m5 l ,tyndall & ,huxley & ,sp5c] pause be=e x z an inscrutable my/]y1 :ile ,john ,fiske helps himself out ) ! conception ( ! s\l z q indep5d5t ( ! body1 /&+ relat$ to x z ! musician is relat$ to 8 in/rum5t4 ,?is idea is ! key to ,fiske's pro( ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,f9d+ himself face to face ) an insoluble my/]y1 he cuts ! knot1 or r1 cle>s ! *asm1 by ?is extra-sci5tific leap4 ,s9ce ! s\l1 z we "k x1 is insep>ably b\nd up ) physical conditions1 x seems to me t a m rational explanation ( ! ph5om5on ( m5tality is ! conception t ! physical =ce & sub/ance t we use up 9 a m5tal ef=t or emotional exp]i5ce gives rise1 ?r\gh "s unkn[n k9d ( molecul> activity1 to some?+ :i* is analog\s to ! electric curr5t 9 a live wire1 & :i* trav]ses ! n]ves & results 9 our *ang+ /ates ( consci\sness4 ,?is is ! me*ani/ic explanation ( m9d1 consci\sness1 etc41 b x is ! only "o1 or k9d ( "o1 t l5ds itself to sci5tific int]pretation4 ,life1 _s1 consci\sness1 may be a mode ( motion z di/9ct f all o!r modes ( motion1 su* z heat1 light1 electricity1 z ^! are di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,:5 we speak ( =ce ( m9d1 =ce ( "*1 we ( c\rse speak 9 p>ables1 s9ce ! =ce "h allud$ to is an exp]i5ce ( our own m9ds entirely & w\ld n suffice to move ! f9e/ du/-p>ticle 9 ! air4 ,!re c\ld be no vegetable or animal life )\t ! sunbeam1 yet :5 we h expla9$ or acc\nt$ = ! gr[? ( a tree 9 t]ms ( ! *emi/ry & physics ( ! sunbeam1 d we n h to figure to ourselves some?+ 9 ! tree t avails itself ( ?is *emi/ry1 t uses x & pr(its by x8 ,aft] ?is my/]i\s some?+ has ceas$ to op]ate1 or play its "p1 ! *emi/ry ( ! sunbeam is no long] effective1 & ! tree is dead4 ,)\t ! vibrations t we call light1 !re w\ld h be5 no eye4 ,b1 z ,b]gson happily says1 x is n light passively receiv$ t makes ! eye2 x is light meet+ an indwell+ ne$ 9 ! organism1 :i* am\nts to an active creative pr9ciple1 t begets ! eye4 ,) fi% 9 und]gr\nd wat]s ?is ne$ does n arise2 h5ce !y h no sight4 ,f9s & w+s & legs are develop$ to meet "s end ( ! organism1 b if ! organism 7 n *>g$ ) an expansive or develop+ =ce or impulse1 w\ld ^? ne$s arise8 ,:y %\ld ! v]tebrate s]ies h ris5 ?r\gh ! fi%1 ! reptile1 ! mammal1 to man1 unless ! manw>d impulse 0 inh]5t 9 ! fir/ v]tebrate2 some?+ t /ruggl$1 t pu%$ on & up f ! m simple to ! m complex =ms8 ,:y did n unicellul> life always rema9 unicellul>8 ,c\ld n ! environm5t h act$ ^u x endlessly )\t caus+ x to *ange t[>d high] & m complex =ms1 _h !re n be5 "s indwell+ aborig9al t5d5cy t[>d ^! =ms8 ,h[ c\ld natural selection1 or any o!r process ( selection1 "w ^u species to modify !m1 if !re 7 n some?+ 9 species pu%+ out & on1 seek+ new ways1 new =ms1 9 fact "s active pr9ciple t is modifiable8 ,life has ris5 by /epp+-/ones ( its dead self to high] ?+s4 ,:y has x ris58 ,:y did x n keep on ! same level1 & g ?r\gh ! cycle ( *ange1 z ! inorganic does1 )\t atta9+ to high] =ms8 ,because1 x may be repli$1 x 0 life1 & n m]e matt] & motion--some?+ t lifts matt] & motion to a new plane4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! life impulse1 ! old r\t9e ( matt]--f comp\nd to comp\nd1 f solid to fluid1 f fluid to gase\s1 f rock to soil1 ! cycle always end+ :]e x began--is brok5 into1 & cycles ( a new ord] are in/itut$4 ,f ! /able equilibrium :i* dead matt] is always seek+1 ! same matt] 9 ! vital circuit is always seek+ ! /ate ( un/able equilibrium1 or r is =ev] pass+ betwe5 ! two1 & evolv+ ! myriad =ms ( life 9 ! passage4 ,x is h>d to ?9k ( ! process z ! "w ( ! physical & *emical =ces ( inorganic nature1 )\t supplem5t+ !m ) a new & diff]5t =ce4 ,! =ces ( life are con/ructive =ces1 & !y are op]ative 9 a _w ( de/ructive or dis9tegrat+ =ces :i* oppose !m & :i* !y ov]come4 ,! physical & *emical =ces ( dead matt] are at w> ) ! =ces ( life1 till life ov]comes & uses !m4 ,! me*anical =ces g on repeat+ or divid+ ?r\gh ! same cycles =ev] & ev]1 seek+ a /able condition1 b ! vital =ce is inv5tive & creative & con/antly breaks ! repose t organic nature seeks to impose ^u x4 ,ext]nal =ces may modify a body1 b !y _c develop x unless !re is some?+ 9 ! body wait+ to be develop$1 crav+ developm5t1 z x 74 ,! w>m? & moi/ure 9 ! soil act alike ^u ! gra9s ( s& & ^u ! se$-g]ms2 ! g]m *anges into some?+ else1 ! s& does n4 ,^! ag5ts lib]ate a =ce 9 ! g]m t is n 9 ! gra9 ( s&4 ,! w>m? ( ! brood+ f[l does n sp5d itself ^u m]e passive1 in]t matt] 7unless !re is a *9a egg 9 ! ne/71 b ^u matt] /ra9+ ^u its lea%1 & 9 a /ate ( expectancy4 ,we d n "k h[ ! activity ( ! molecules ( ! egg diff]s f ! activity ( ! molecules ( ! pebble1 "u ! influ5ce ( w>m?1 b we "k !re mu/ be a diff]5ce betwe5 ! int]ior movem5ts ( organiz$ & unorganiz$ matt]4 ,life lifts in]t matt] up into a ?\s& v>i$ & beautiful =ms & holds x !re = a season1--holds x aga9/ gravity & *emical aff9ity1 ?\gh y may say1 if y please1 n )\t _! aid1--& !n 9 due c\rse lets g ( x1 or ab&ons x1 & lets x fall back into ! great sea ( ! inorganic4 ,its con/ant t5d5cy is to fall back2 inde$1 9 animal life x does fall back e mom5t2 x rises on ! "o h&1 s]ves its purpose ( life1 & falls back on ! o!r4 ,9 go+ ?r\gh ! cycle ( life ! m9]al elem5ts exp]i5ce "s *ange t *emical analysis does n disclose--!y are ! m readily absorb$ aga9 by life4 ,x is z if ! elem5ts _h pr(it$ 9 "s way "u ! tutelage ( life4 ,_! exp]i5ce has be5 a unique & exceptional "o4 ,only a small fraction ( ! sum total ( ! in]t matt] ( ! globe c h ?is exp]i5ce4 ,x mu/ fir/ g ?r\gh ! vegetable cycle be=e x c be tak5 up by ! animal4 ,! only ?+s we c take directly f ! inorganic _w are wat] & air2 & ! function ( wat] is l>gely a me*anical "o1 & ! function ( air a *emical "o4 ,i ?9k ( ! vital z fl[+ out ( ! physical1 j z ! psy*ical fl[s out ( ! vital1 & j z ! high] =ms ( animal life fl[ out ( ! l[]4 ,x is a f> cry f man to ! dumb brutes1 & f ! brutes to ! vegetable _w1 & f ! vegetable to in]t matt]2 b ! g]m & />t ( ea* is 9 ! s]ies bel[ x4 ,! liv+ came out ( ! n-liv+4 ,if life is ( physico-*emical orig91 x is s by trans=mations & translations t physics _c expla94 ,! butt]fly comes out ( ! grub1 man came out ( ! brute1 b1 z ,d>w9 says1 n by 8 own ef=ts1 any m ?an ! *ild becomes ! man by its own ef=ts4 ,! pu% ( life1 ( ! evolution>y process1 is back ( all & 9 all4 ,we c acc\nt = x all by say+ ! ,creative ,en]gy is imman5t 9 matt]1 & ?is gives ! m9d some?+ to take hold (4 ,,ii ,accord+ to ! late/ sci5tific views held on ! "q by su* m5 z ,pr(essor ,loeb1 ! appe>ance ( life on ! globe 0 a purely accid5tal circum/ance4 ,! prop] elem5ts j happ5$ to come toge!r at ! "r "t 9 ! "r proportions & "u ! "r conditions1 & life 0 ! result4 ,x 0 an accid5t 9 ! !rmal hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,pr(essor ,loeb has lately publi%$ a volume ( essays & addresses call$ ,! ,me*ani/ic ,conception ( ,life1 en=c+ & illu/rat+ ?is view4 ,he makes w> on :at he t]ms ! metaphysical conception ( a life-pr9ciple z ! key to ! problem1 & urges ! sci5tific conception ( ! adequacy ( me*anico-*emical =ces4 ,9 8 view1 we are only *emical me*anisms2 & all our activities1 m5tal & physical alike1 are only automatic responses to ! play ( ! bl9d1 mat]ial =ces ( ext]nal nature4 ,all =ms ( life1 ) all _! wond]ful adaptations1 are only ! *ance happ5+s ( ! bl9d grop+s & cla%+s ( dead matt]3 ,we eat1 dr9k1 & reproduce &1 ( c\rse1 ?9k & speculate & write books on ! problems ( life1 n because mank9d has rea*$ an agreem5t t ?is is desirable1 b because1 ma*9e-l1 we are compell$ to d s6 ,he rea*es ! conclusion t all our inn] subjective life is am5able to physico-*emical analysis1 because _m cases ( simple animal in/9ct & w c be expla9$ on ?is basis--! basis ( animal tropism4 ,c]ta9 animals creep or fly to ! light1 o!rs to ! d>k1 because !y _c help x4 ,?is is tropism4 ,he believes t ! orig9 ( life c be trac$ to ! same physico-*emical activities1 because1 9 8 laboratory exp]im5ts1 he has be5 able to disp5se ) ! male pr9ciple1 & to f]tilize ! eggs ( c]ta9 l[ =ms ( m>9e life by *emical comp\nds alone4 ,! problem ( ! beg9n+ & end ( individual life is physico-*emically cle>--mu* cle>] ?an ! fir/ beg9n+s ( life4 ,all individual life beg9s ) ! egg1 b :]e did we get ! egg8 ,:5 *emical syn!sis w give u ?is1 ! problem is solv$4 ,we c analyze ! mat]ial elem5ts ( an organism1 b we _c syn!size !m & produce ! lea/ sp>k ( liv+ matt]4 ,t all =ms ( life h a me*anical & *emical basis is beyond "q1 b :5 we apply our analysis to !m1 life evaporates1 vani%es1 ! vital processes cease4 ,b apply ! same analysis to in]t matt]1 & only ! =m is *ang$4 ,pr(essor ,loeb's artificially fa!r$ embryo & />fi% & sea-ur*9s soon die4 ,if 8 *emism c\ld only give him ! "m-pr9ciple also6 ,b x w n4 ,! "m-pr9ciple is at ! v f\ndations ( ! organic _w1 & defies all attempts ( *emical syn!sis to reproduce x4 ,x w\ld be presumptive 9 ! extreme = me to "q ,pr(essor ,loeb's sci5tific conclusions2 he is "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( liv+ exp]im5tal biologi/s4 ,i w\ld only diss5t f "s ( 8 philosophical conclusions4 ,i diss5t f 8 /atem5t t only ! me*ani/ic conception ( life c ?r[ light on ! s\rce ( e?ics4 ,is !re any room = ! moral law 9 a _w ( me*anical det]m9ism8 ,!re is no e?ics 9 ! physical ord]1 & if humanity is entirely 9 ! grip ( t ord]1 :]e d moral obligations come 98 ,a gun1 a /eam-eng9e1 kn[s no e?ics1 & to ! ext5t t we are compell$ to d ?+s1 are we 9 ! same category4 ,fre$om ( *oice alone gives any validity to e?ical consid]ation4 ,i diss5t f ! idea to :i* he app>5tly holds1 t biology is only appli$ physics & *emi/ry4 ,is n geology also appli$ physics & *emi/ry8 ,is x any m or any less8 ,yet :at a _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two--betwe5 a rock & a tree1 betwe5 a man & ! soil he cultivates4 ,grant t ! physical & ! *emical =ces are ! same 9 bo?1 yet !y "w to su* diff]5t ends 9 ea*4 ,9 "o case !y are t5d+ always to a deadlock1 to ! slumb] ( a /atic equilibrium2 9 ! o!r !y are ceaselessly /riv+ to rea* a /ate ( dynamic activity--to build up a body t hangs =ev] betwe5 a /ate ( integration & dis9tegration4 ,:at is x t det]m9es ?is new mode & end ( _! activities8 ,9 all 8 biological exp]im5tation1 ,pr(essor ,loeb />ts ) liv+ matt] &1 f9d+ its processes capable ( physico-*emical analysis1 he ha/5s to ! conclusion t its g5esis is to be acc\nt$ = by ! action & int]action ( ^! pr9ciples alone4 ,9 ! inorganic _w1 ev]y?+ is 9 its place ?r\gh ! op]ation ( bl9d physical =ces2 because ! place ( a dead ?+1 its relation to ! :ole1 is a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,! rocks1 ! hills1 ! /reams are 9 _! place1 b any o!r place w\ld d z well4 ,b 9 ! organic _w we /rike ano!r ord]--an ord] :]e ! relation & subord9ation ( p>ts is ev]y?+1 & to speak ( human exi/5ce z a matt] ( *ance 9 ! s5se1 let u say1 t ! =ms & positions ( inanimate bodies are matt]s ( *ance1 is to confuse t]ms4 ,organic evolution ^u ! e>? %[s /eady & regul> progression2 z mu* s z ! gr[? & developm5t ( a tree4 ,if ! evolution>y impulse fails on "o l9e1 x picks itself up & tries on ano!r1 x exp]im5ts endlessly l an inv5tor1 b always improves on its la/ attempts4 ,*ance w\ld h kept ?+s at a /&/ill2 ! pr9ciple ( *ance1 give x "t en\gh1 mu/ end :]e x began4 ,*ance is a man lo/ 9 ! woods2 he nev] arrives2 he w&]s aimlessly4 ,if evolution pursu$ a c\rse equally =tuit\s1 w\ld x n /ill be w&]+ 9 ! wild]ness ( ! *aotic nebul8 ,,iii ,a va/ly diff]5t & mu* m /imulat+ view ( life is giv5 by ,h5ri ,b]gson 9 8 ,creative ,evolution4 ,?\gh bas$ ^u biological sci5ce1 x is a philosophical r ?an a sci5tific view1 & appeals to our intuitional & imag9ative nature m ?an to our con/ructive reason4 ,m4 ,b]gson int]prets ! ph5om5a ( life 9 t]ms ( _s1 r ?an 9 t]ms ( matt] z does ,pr(essor ,loeb4 ,! ^w creative is ! key-^w to 8 view4 ,life is a creative impulse or curr5t :i* arose 9 matt] at a c]ta9 "t & place1 & fl[s ?r\gh x f =m to =m1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 augm5t+ 9 =ce z x advances4 ,x is "o ) _s1 & is incessant creation2 ! :ole organic _w is fill$1 f bottom to top1 ) "o trem5d\s ef=t4 ,x 0 long ago felicit\sly /at$ by ,:itman 9 8 ,leaves ( ,grass1 ,urge & urge1 always ! procreant urge ( ! _w4 ,?is conception ( ! nature & g5esis ( life is b\nd to be *all5g$ by mod]n physical sci5ce1 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 sees 9 biology only a phase ( physics2 b ! philosophic m9d & ! tra9$ lit]>y m9d w f9d 9 ,creative ,evolution a treasure-h\se ( inspir+ ideas1 & engag+ =ms ( orig9al arti/ic expression4 ,z ,mr4 ,balf\r says1 ,m4 ,b]gson's ',evolution ,cratrice' is n m]ely a philosophical treatise1 x has all ! *>m & all ! audacities ( a "w ( art1 & z su* defies adequate reproduction4 ,x deliv]s u f ! h>d me*anical conception ( det]m9ism1 or ( a clos$ univ]se :i*1 l a huge manufactur+ plant1 gr9ds out vegetables & animals1 m9ds & spirits1 z x gr9ds out rocks & soils1 gases & fluids1 & ! inorganic comp\nds4 ,) ,m4 ,b]gson1 life is ! fl[+ metamorphosis ( ! poets1--an unceas+ becom+1--& evolution is a wave ( creative en]gy ov]fl[+ ?r\gh matt] ^u :i* ea* visible organism rides dur+ ! %ort int]val ( "t giv5 x to live4 ,9 8 view1 matt] is held 9 ! iron grip ( necessity1 b life is fre$om itself4 ,be=e ! evolution ( life 444 ! portals ( ! future rema9 wide op54 ,x is a creation t goes on =ev] 9 virtue ( an initial movem5t4 ,?is movem5t con/itutes ! unity ( ! organiz$ _w--a prolific unity1 ( an inf9ite ri*ness1 sup]ior to any t ! intellect c\ld dream (1 = ! intellect is only "o ( its aspects or products4 ,:at a contra/ to ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s view ( life & evolution6 ,life1 says ,sp5c]1 consi/s ( inn] action s adju/$ z to balance out] action4 ,true en\gh1 no d\bt1 b n int]e/+4 ,if ! philosoph] c\ld tell u :at x is t br+s ab\t ! adju/m5t1 & t pr(its by x1 we %\ld at once prick up our e>s4 ,( c\rse1 x is life4 ,b :at is life8 ,x is inn] action s adju/$ z to balance out] action6 ,a rec5t contemptu\s critic ( ,m4 ,b]gson's book1 ,hugh ,s4 ,r4 ,elliot1 po9ts out1 z if he 7 triumphantly v9dicat+ ! physico-*emical !ory ( ! nature & orig9 ( life1 :at a complete ma*9e a cabbage is = conv]t+ sol> en]gy into *emical & vital en]gy--h[ x takes up ! raw mat]ial f ! soil by a *emical & me*anical process1 h[ ^! are br\ght into contact ) ! light & air ?r\gh ! leaves1 & ?us ! cabbage is built up4 ,9 l mann]1 a man is a ma*9e = conv]t+ *emical en]gy d]iv$ f ! food he eats into motion1 & ! l4 ,z if ,m4 ,b]gson1 or any "o else1 w\ld dispute ^! ?+s6 ,9 ! same way1 a /eam-eng9e is a ma*9e = conv]t+ ! en]gy lat5t 9 coal into motion & p[]2 b :at =ce lies back ( ! eng9e1 & 0 active 9 ! con/ruction8 ,! f9al "q ( ! cabbage & ! man /ill rema9s--,:]e did y get !m8 ,y assume vitality to />t )--h[ did y get x8 ,did x arise spontane\sly out ( dead matt]8 ,me*anical & *emical =ces d all ! "w ( ! liv+ body1 b :o or :at controls & directs !m1 s t "o comp\nd+ ( ! elem5ts begets a cabbage1 & ano!r comp\nd+ ( ! same elem5ts begets an oak--"o mixture ( !m & we h a frog1 ano!r & we h a man8 ,is !re n room "h = some?+ besides bl9d1 indiff]5t =ces8 ,if we make ! molecules !mselves creative1 !n we are begg+ ! "q4 ,! creative en]gy by any o!r "n rema9s ! same4 ,,iv ,if life itself is n a =ce or a =m ( en]gy1 yet behold :at en]gy x is capable ( ex]t+6 ,x seems to me t ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge is a little confus+ :5 he says 9 a rec5t essay t life does n ex]t =ce--n ev5 ! mo/ microscopical =ce--& c]ta9ly does n supply en]gy4 ,sir ,oliv] is ?9k+ ( life z a di/9ct entity--some?+ ap>t f ! matt] :i* x animates4 ,b ev5 9 ?is case c we n say t ! ma9spr+ ( ! en]gy ( liv+ bodies is ! life t is 9 !m8 ,ap>t f ! =ce ex]t$ by liv+ animal bodies1 see ! =ce ex]t$ by liv+ plant bodies4 ,i ?\ght ( ! rem>k ( ,sir ,oliv] "o day n long aft] read+ x1 :ile ,i 0 walk+ 9 a bee* wood & not$ h[ ! spr\t+ bee*nuts _h s5t _! pale radicles d[n ?r\gh ! dry leaves ^u :i* !y 7 ly+1 (t5 pi]c+ two or ?ree ( !m1 & =c+ _! way d[n into ! m+l$ soil & leaf-m\ld a c\ple ( in*es4 ,=ce 0 c]ta9ly exp5d$ 9 do+ ?is1 & if ! life 9 ! spr\t+ nut did n ex]t x or exp5d x1 :at did8 ,:5 ,i drive a peg into ! gr\nd ) my axe or mallet1 is ! life 9 my arm any m /rictly ! s\rce 7! second>y s\rce7 ( ! en]gy exp5d$ ?an is ! nut 9 ?is case8 ,( c\rse1 ! sun is ! primal s\rce ( ! en]gy 9 bo? cases1 & 9 all cases1 b does n life ex]t ! =ce1 use x1 br+ x to be>1 :i* x receives f ! univ]sal f\nt ( en]gy8 ,life _c supply en]gy de novo1 _c create x out ( no?+1 b x c & mu/ draw ^u ! /ore ( en]gy 9 :i* ! e>? floats z 9 a sea4 ,:5 ?is en]gy or =ce is manife/ ?r\gh a liv+ body1 we call x vital =ce2 :5 x is manife/ ?r\gh a me*anical contrivance1 we call x me*anical =ce2 :5 x is develop$ by ! action & reaction ( *emical comp\nds1 we call x *emical =ce2 ! same =ce 9 ea* case1 b behav+ s diff]5tly 9 ! "o case f :at x does 9 ! o!r t we come to ?9k ( x z a new & di/9ct entity4 ,n[ if ,sir ,oliv] or any "o else c\ld tell u :at =ce is1 ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! vitali/s & ! me*ani/s might be reconcil$4 ,d>w9 measur$ ! =ce ( ! d[nw>d gr[? ( ! radicle1 su* z ,i h allud$ to1 z "o qu>t] ( a p\nd1 & its lat]al pressure z mu* great]4 ,we "k t ! roots ( trees ins]t !mselves into seams 9 ! rocks1 & =ce ! p>ts asund]4 ,?is =ce is measurable & is (t5 v great4 ,its seat seems to be 9 ! s(t1 milky sub/ance call$ ! cambium lay] "u ! b>k4 ,^! m9ute cells :5 _! =ce is comb9$ may become regul> rock-splitt]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable exhibitions ( plant =ce ,i ev] saw 0 9 a ,we/]n city :]e ,i obs]v$ a species ( wild sunfl[] =c+ its way up ?r\gh ! asphalt pavem5t2 ! fold$ & compress$ leaves ( ! plant1 l a man's fi/1 _h pu%$ aga9/ ! h>d b flexible concrete till x _h bulg$ up & !n split1 & let ! irrepressible plant ?r\gh4 ,! =ce ex]t$ mu/ h be5 _m p\nds4 ,i ?9k x d\btful if ! /ronge/ man c\ld h pu%$ 8 fi/ ?r\gh su* a resi/+ m$ium4 ,if x 0 n life :i* ex]t$ ?is =ce1 :at 0 x8 ,life activities are a k9d ( explosion1 & ! sl[ cont9u$ explosions ( ?is gr[+ plant r5t ! pavem5t z surely z p[d] w\ld h done4 ,x is d\btful if any cultivat$ plant c\ld h ov]come su* odds4 ,x requir$ ! =ce ( ! untam$ hairy plant ( ! pla9s to accompli% ?is feat4 ,t life does n supply en]gy1 t is1 is n an indep5d5t s\rce ( en]gy1 seems to me obvi\s en\gh1 b t x does n manife/ en]gy1 use en]gy1 or ex]t =ce1 is f> f obvi\s4 ,if a gr[+ plant or tree does n ex]t =ce by reason ( its gr[+1 or by virtue ( a specific k9d ( activity among its p>ticles1 :i* we "n life1 & :i* does n take place 9 a /one or 9 a b> ( iron or 9 dead timb]1 !n h[ c we say t any me*anical device or explosive comp\nd ex]ts =ce8 ,! /eam-eng9e does n create =ce1 nei!r does ! explod+ dynamite1 b ^! ?+s ex]t =ce4 ,we h to ?9k ( ! sum total ( ! =ce ( ! univ]se1 z ( matt] itself1 z a con/ant factor1 t c nei!r be increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,all activity1 organic & inorganic1 draws ^u ?is =ce3 ! plant & tree1 z well z ! eng9e & ! explosive--! w9ds1 ! tides1 ! animal1 ! vegetable alike4 ,i c ?9k ( b "o =ce1 b ( any numb] ( manife/ations ( =ce1 & ( two di/9ct k9ds ( manife/ations1 ! organic & ! inorganic1 or ! vital & ! physical1--! latt] divisible into ! *emical & ! me*anical1 ! =m] made up ( ^! two work+ 9 inf9ite complexity because drawn into new relations1 & lift$ to high] ends by ?is some?+ we call life4 ,we ?9k ( some?+ 9 ! organic t lifts & moves & r$i/ributes dead matt]1 & builds x up into ! t5 ?\s& new =ms :i* x w\ld nev] assume )\t ?is some?+2 x lifts lime & iron & silica & pota% & c>bon1 aga9/ gravity1 up into trees & animal =ms1 n by a new =ce1 b by an old =ce 9 ! h&s ( a new ag5t4 ,! cattle move ab\t ! field1 ! drift b\ld]s sl[ly creep d[n ! slopes2 !re is no d\bt t ! f9al s\rce ( ! =ce is 9 bo? cases ! same2 :at we call gravity1 a "n = a my/]y1 is ! =m x takes 9 ! case ( ! rocks1 & :at we call vitality1 ano!r "n = a my/]y1 is ! =m x takes 9 ! case ( ! cattle2 )\t ! sol> & /ell> en]gy1 c\ld !re be any motion ( ei!r rock or bea/8 ,=ce is univ]sal1 x p]vades all nature1 "o manife/ation ( x we call heat1 ano!r light1 ano!r electricity1 ano!r cohesion1 *emical aff9ity1 & s on4 ,may n ano!r manife/ation ( x be call$ life1 diff]+ f all ! re/ m radically ?an !y diff] f "o ano!r2 b\nd up ) all ! re/ & insep>able f !m & id5tical ) !m only 9 its ultimate s\rce 9 ! ,creative ,en]gy t is imman5t 9 ! univ]se8 ,i h to ?9k ( ! ,creative ,en]gy z imman5t 9 all matt]1 & ! f9al s\rce ( all ! trans=mations & transmutations we see 9 ! organic & ! inorganic worlds4 ,! v nature ( our m9ds compels u to po/ulate "s p[]1 or "s pr9ciple1 n z ly+ back (1 b z active 91 all ! *ang+ =ms ( life & nature1 & _! f9al s\rce & cause4 ,! m9d is satisfi$ :5 x f9ds a ^w t gives x a hold ( a ?+ or a process1 or :5 x c picture to itself j h[ ! ?+ occurs4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 to acc\nt = ! p[] g5]at$ by ! ru%+ toge!r ( hydrog5 & oxyg5 to produce wat]1 we h to conceive ( space betwe5 ! atoms ( ^! elem5ts1 & t ! =ce g5]at$ comes f ! imm5se velocity ) :i* ! inf9itesimal atoms ru% toge!r across ?is inf9itesimal space4 ,x is q possible t ?is is n ! true explanation at all1 b x satisfies ! m9d because x is an explanation 9 t]ms ( me*anical =ces t we "k4 ,! sol> en]gy goes into ! atoms or corpuscles "o ?+1 & x comes out ano!r2 x goes 9 z inorganic =ce1 & x comes out z organic & psy*ic4 ,! *ange or trans=mation takes place 9 ^? invisible laboratories ( ! inf9itesimal atoms4 ,x helps my m5tal processes to give t *ange a "n--vitality--& to recognize x z a supra-me*anical =ce4 ,pa/eur want$ a "n = x & call$ x dissymmetric =ce4 ,we are all made ( "o /uff und\bt$ly1 vegetable & animal1 man & woman1 dog & donkey1 & ! secret ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 u1 & ( ! pass+ along ( ! diff]5ce f g5]ation to g5]ation ) b slight v>iations1 may be1 s to speak1 9 ! way ! molecules & atoms ( our bodies take hold ( h&s & p]=m _! my/ic dances 9 ! inn] temple ( life4 ,b "o w\ld l to "k :o or :at pipes ! tune & directs ! figures ( ! dance4 ,9 ! case ( ! bee*nuts1 :at is x t lies dormant 9 ! sub/ance ( ! nuts & becomes alive1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! w>m? & moi/ure ( spr+1 & puts out a radicle t pi]ces ! dry leaves l an awl8 ,! pebbles1 ?\gh !y conta9 ! same *emical elem5ts1 d n become active & put out a radicle4 ,! *emico-physical explanation ( ! univ]se goes b a little way4 ,^! are ! tools ( ! creative process1 b !y are n t process1 nor its prime cause4 ,/>t ! flame ( life go+1 & ! re/ may be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( *emi/ry2 />t ! human body develop+1 & physiological processes expla9 its gr[?2 b :y x becomes a man & n a monkey--:at expla9s t8 ,,ii ,,! ,,liv+ ,,wave ,i ,if "o attempts to rea* any rational conclusion on ! "q ( ! nature & orig9 ( life on ?is planet1 he soon f9ds himself 9 close qu>t]s ) two difficulties4 ,he mu/ ei!r admit ( a break 9 ! c\rse ( nature & ! introduction ( a new pr9ciple1 ! vital pr9ciple1 :i*1 if he is a man ( sci5ce1 he f9ds x h>d to d2 or he mu/ accept ! !ory ( ! physico-*emical orig9 ( life1 :i*1 z a be+ ) a s\l1 he f9ds x equally h>d to d4 ,9 o!r words1 he mu/ ei!r draw an arbitr>y l9e betwe5 ! inorganic & ! organic :5 he kn[s t draw+ arbitr>y l9es 9 nature1 & f5c+ (f "o "p f ano!r1 is an unsci5tific proc$ure1 & "o t (t5 leads to bewild]+ contradictions2 or he mu/ look ^u himself ) all 8 high ?\ghts & aspirations1 & ^u all o!r manife/ations ( life1 z m]ely a *ance product ( ! bl9d me*anical & *emical action & int]action ( ! inorganic =ces4 ,ei!r conclusion is di/a/eful4 ,"o does n l to ?9k ( himself z a *ance hit ( ! irrational physical elem5ts2 nei!r does he feel at ease ) ! ?\ght t he is ! result ( any break or discont9uity 9 natural law4 ,he likes to see himself z vitally & inevitably relat$ to ! physical ord] z is ! fruit to ! tree t bore x1 or ! *ild to ! "m t c>ri$ x 9 h] womb1 & yet1 if only me*anical & *emical =ces ent]$ into 8 g5esis1 he does n feel himself well fa!r$ & mo!r$4 ,"o may evade ! difficulty1 z ,helmholtz did1 by reg>d+ life z et]nal--t x _h no beg9n+ 9 "t2 or1 z "s o!r ,g]man biologi/s h done1 t ! entire cosmos is alive & ! e>? a liv+ organism4 ,if biog5esis is true1 & always has be5 true1--no life )\t antec$5t life1--!n ! "q ( a beg9n+ is un?9kable4 ,x is j z easy to ?9k ( a /ick ) only "o end4 ,su* /an* mat]iali/s & me*ani/s z ,haeckel & ,v]worn seem to h felt compell$1 z a la/ resort1 to po/ulate a psy*ic pr9ciple 9 nature1 ?\gh ( a l[ ord]4 ,haeckel says t mo/ *emi/s & physici/s w n he> a ^w ab\t a s\l 9 ! atom4 ,9 my op9ion1 h[ev]1 he says1 9 ord] to expla9 ! simple/ physical & *emical processes1 we mu/ necess>ily assume a l[ ord] ( psy*ical activity among ! homog5e\s p>ticles ( plasm1 ris+ a v little above t ( ! cry/al4 ,9 cry/allization he sees a l[ degree ( s5sation & a little high] degree 9 ! plasm4 ,h we n 9 ?is rudim5t>y psy*ic pr9ciple :i* ,haeckel ascribes to ! atom a g]m to />t ) t w ultimately give u ! m9d ( man8 ,) ?is sp>k1 x seems to me1 we c k9dle a flame t w consume ,haeckel's :ole me*anical !ory ( creation4 ,physical sci5ce is cle> t ! non-liv+ or inorganic _w 0 be=e ! liv+ or organic _w1 b t ! latt] 9 "s my/]i\s way lay fold$ 9 ! =m]4 ,sci5ce has = _m ye>s be5 mak+ desp]ate ef=ts to awak5 ?is slumb]+ life 9 its laboratories1 b has n yet succe$$1 & probably nev] w succe$4 ,life )\t antec$5t life seems a biological impossibility4 ,! !ory ( spontane\s g5]ation is reject$ by ! philosophical m9d1 because our exp]i5ce tells u t ev]y?+ has its antec$5t1 & t !re is & c be no end to ! causal sequ5ces4 ,sp5c] believes t ! organic & inorganic fade into ea* o!r by ins5sible gradations--t no l9e c be drawn betwe5 !m s t "o c say1 on ?is side is ! organic1 on t ! inorganic4 ,9 o!r words1 he says x is n necess>y = u to ?9k ( an absolute comm5cem5t ( organic life1 or ( a fir/ organism--organic matt] 0 n produc$ all at once1 b 0 rea*$ ?r\gh /eps or gradations4 ,yet x puzzles "o to see h[ !re c be any gradations or degrees betwe5 be+ & n be+4 ,c !re be any halfway h\se betwe5 some?+ & no?+8 ,,ii ,!re is ano!r way out ( ! difficulty t besets our rational faculties 9 _! ef=ts to solve ?is "q1 & t is ! audaci\s way ( ,h5ri ,b]gson 9 8 ,creative ,evolution4 ,x is to d5y any validity to ! conclusion ( our logical faculties ^u ?is subject4 ,our intellect1 ,b]gson says1 _c grasp ! true nature ( life1 nor ! mean+ ( ! evolution>y movem5t4 ,) ! emphasis ( italics he repeats t ! intellect is *>act]iz$ by a natural inability to compreh5d life4 ,he says ?is 9 a good _m pages & 9 a good _m diff]5t ways2 ! idea is "o ( ! ma9 conclusions ( 8 book4 ,our intuitions1 our spiritual nature1 accord+ to ?is philosoph]1 are m en rapport ) ! secrets ( ! creative en]gy ?an are our intellectual faculties2 ! key to ! problem is to be f\nd "h1 r ?an 9 ! me*anics & *emi/ry ( ! latt]4 ,our intellectual faculties c grasp ! physical ord] because !y are =m$ by a _w ( solids & fluids & give u ! p[] to deal ) !m & act ^u !m4 ,b !y _c grasp ! nature & ! mean+ ( ! vital ord]4 ,we treat ! liv+ l ! lifeless1 & ?9k all reality1 h[ev] fluid1 "u ! =m ( ! %>ply def9$ solid4 ,we are at ease only 9 ! discont9u\s1 9 ! immobile1 9 ! dead4 ,p]ceiv+ 9 an organism only p>ts ext]nal to p>ts1 ! und]/&+ has ! *oice betwe5 two sy/ems ( explanation only3 ei!r to reg>d ! inf9itely complex 7& !reby inf9itely well contriv$7 organization z a =tuit\s concat5ation ( atoms1 or to relate x to ! incompreh5sible influ5ce ( an ext]nal =ce t has gr\p$ its elem5ts toge!r4 ,ev]y?+ is obscure 9 ! idea ( creation1 if we ?9k ( ?+s :i* are creat$ & a ?+ :i* creates4 ,if we foll[ ! lead ( our logical1 sci5tific faculties1 !n1 we %all all be me*ani/s & mat]iali/s4 ,sci5ce c make no o!r solution ( ! problem because x sees f ! outside4 ,b if we look f ! inside1 ) ! _s or ) t faculty ( see+ :i* is imman5t 9 ! faculty ( act+1 we %all escape f ! bondage ( ! me*ani/ic view into ! fre$om ( ! l>g] tru? ( ! ceaseless creative view2 we %all see ! unity ( ! creative impulse :i* is imman5t 9 life & :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh g5]ations1 l9ks individuals ) individuals1 species ) species1 & makes ( ! :ole s]ies ( ! liv+ "o s+le imm5se wave fl[+ ov] matt]4 ,i recall t ,tyndall1 :o 0 z mu* poet z sci5ti/1 speaks ( life z a wave :i* at no two consecutive mom5ts ( its exi/5ce is compos$ ( ! same p>ticles4 ,9 8 m sob] sci5tific mood ,tyndall w\ld d\btless h reject$ ,m4 ,b]gson's view ( life1 yet 8 image ( ! wave is v ,b]gsonian4 ,b :at diff]5t mean+s ! two writ]s aim to convey3 ,tyndall is ?9k+ ( ! fact t a liv+ body is con/antly tak+ up new mat]ial on ! "o side & dropp+ dead or outworn mat]ial on ! o!r4 ,m4 ,b]gson's m9d is occupi$ ) ! ?\ght ( ! primal pu% or impulsion ( matt] :i* travels ?r\gh x z ! =ce 9 ! wave trav]ses ! wat]4 ,! wave embodies a =ce :i* lifts ! wat] up 9 opposition to its t5d5cy to seek & keep a level1 & travels on1 leav+ ! wat] beh9d4 ,s does ?is some?+ we call life break ! deadlock ( in]t matt] & lift x into a ?\s& curi\s & beautiful =ms1 & !n1 pass+ on1 lets x fall back aga9 into a /ate ( dead equilibrium4 ,tyndall 0 "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t expon5ts ( ! mat]iali/ic !ory ( ! orig9 ( life1 & 7 he liv+ n[ w\ld probably feel little or no sympa?y ) ! ,b]gsonian view ( a primordial life impulse4 ,he f\nd ! key to all life ph5om5a 9 ! hidd5 _w ( molecul> attraction & repulsion4 ,he says3 ,molecul> =ces det]m9e ! =m :i* ! sol> en]gy w assume4 ,:at a _w ( my/]y lies 9 t det]m9ism ( ! hidd5 molecul> =ces6 ,9 ! sep>ation ( ! c>bon & oxyg5 ?is en]gy may be s condition$ z to result 9 "o case 9 ! =mation ( a cabbage & 9 ano!r case 9 ! =mation ( an oak4 ,s also z reg>ds ! reunion ( ! c>bon & ! oxyg5 9 ! animal organism ! molecul> ma*9]y ?r\gh :i* ! comb9+ en]gy acts may 9 "o case weave ! texture ( a frog1 :ile 9 ano!r x may weave ! texture ( a man4 ,b is n ?is molecul> =ce itself a =m ( sol> en]gy1 & c x diff] 9 k9d f any o!r =m ( physical =ce8 ,if molecul> =ces det]m9e :e!r ! sol> en]gy %all weave a head ( a cabbage or a head ( a ,plato or a ,%akespe>e1 does x n meet all ! requirem5ts ( our conception ( creative w8 ,tyndall ?9ks t a liv+ man--,socrates1 ,ari/otle1 ,goe!1 ,d>w91 ,i suppose--c\ld be produc$ directly f inorganic nature 9 ! laboratory if 7& note :at a mom5t\s if ?is is7 we c\ld put toge!r ! elem5ts ( su* a man 9 ! same relative positions z ^? :i* !y occupy 9 8 body1 ) ! selfsame =ces & di/ribution ( =ces1 ! selfsame motions & di/ribution ( motions4 ,d ?is & y h a ,/4 ,paul or a ,lu!r or a ,l9coln4 ,dr4 ,v]worn said ess5tially ! same ?+ 9 a lecture be=e "o ( our colleges :ile 9 ?is c\ntry a few ye>s ago--easy en\gh to manufacture a liv+ be+ ( any ord] ( intellect if y c reproduce 9 ! laboratory 8 int]nal & ext]nal vital conditions4 7,! italics are m9e47 ,to produce ^? vital conditions is :]e ! rub comes4 ,^? vital conditions1 z reg>ds ! m9ute/ bit ( protoplasm1 sci5ce1 ) all h] trem5d\s res\rces1 has n yet be5 able to produce4 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us f ! dead seems no m a miracle ?an evok+ vital conditions 9 dead matt]4 ,ext]nal & int]nal vital conditions are no d\bt insep>ably correlat$1 & :5 we c produce !m we %all h life4 ,life1 says ,v]worn1 is l fire1 & is a ph5om5on ( nature :i* appe>s z soon z ! complex ( its conditions is fulfill$4 ,we c easily produce fire by me*anical & *emical means1 b n life4 ,fire is a *emical process1 x is rapid oxidation1 & oxidation is a dis9tegrat+ process1 :ile life is an integrat+ process1 or a balance ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! two by :at we call ! vital =ce4 ,life is evid5tly a mu* high] =m ( molecul> activity ?an combu/ion4 ,! old ,greek ,h]aclitus saw1 & ! mod]n sci5ti/ sees1 v sup]ficially 9 comp>+ ! two4 ,i h no d\bt t ,huxley 0 "r 9 8 inf]5ce t if ! prop]ties ( matt] result f ! nature & disposition ( its compon5t molecules1 !n !re is no intelligible gr\nd = refus+ to say t ! prop]ties ( protoplasm result f ! nature & disposition ( its molecules4 ,x is und\bt$ly 9 t nature & disposition ( ! biological molecules t ,tyndall's :ole my/]y & miracle ( vitality is wrapp$ up4 ,if we c\ld only grasp :at x is t trans=ms ! molecule ( dead matt] into ! liv+ molecule6 ,pa/eur call$ x dissymmetric =ce1 :i* is only a new "n = ! my/]y4 ,he believ$ !re 0 an irrefragable physical b>ri] betwe5 organic & inorganic nature--t ! molecules ( an organism diff]$ f ^? ( a m9]al1 & = ?is diff]5ce he f\nd a "n4 ,,iii ,!re seems to h be5 ( late ye>s a m>k$ reaction1 ev5 among m5 ( sci5ce1 f ! me*ani/ic conception ( life z held by ! b& ( sci5ti/s to :i* ,i h ref]r$4 ,some?+ l a new vitalism is mak+ headway bo? on ! ,cont95t & 9 ,great ,brita94 ,its expon5ts urge t biological problems defy any attempt at a me*anical explanation4 ,^! m5 /& = ! idea ( ! creative individuality ( organisms & t ! ma9 factors 9 organic evolution _c be acc\nt$ = by ! =ces already op]ative 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a ma!matical *ance t 9 ! endless *anges & p]mutations ( in]t matt] ! f\r pr9cipal elem5ts t make up a liv+ body may fall or run toge!r 9 j t ord] & numb] t ! k9dl+ ( ! flame ( life requires1 b x is a disquiet+ proposition4 ,"o atom too mu* or too little ( any ( !m1--?ree ( oxyg5 :]e two 7 requir$1 or two ( nitrog5 :]e only "o 0 want$1--& ! face ( ! _w might h be5 va/ly diff]5t4 ,n only did mu* dep5d on _! com+ toge!r1 b ^u ! ord] ( _! com+2 !y mu/ unite 9 j su* an ord]4 ,ins9uate an atom or corpuscle ( hydrog5 or c>bon at ! wrong po9t 9 ! ranks1 & ! trick is a failure4 ,is !re any *ance t !y w hit ^u a comb9ation ( ?+s & =ces t w make a ma*9e--a wat*1 a gun1 or ev5 a r[ ( p9s8 ,:5 we reg>d all ! ph5om5a ( life & ! spell x seems to put ^u in]t matt]1 s t x behaves s diff]5tly f ! same matt] be=e x is drawn into ! life circuit1 :5 we see h[ x lifts up a _w ( dead p>ticles out ( ! soil aga9/ gravity into trees & animals2 h[ x *anges ! face ( ! e>?2 h[ x comes & goes :ile matt] /ays2 h[ x defies *emi/ry & physics to evoke x f ! non-liv+2 h[ its dep>ture1 or cessation1 lets ! matt] fall back to ! inorganic--:5 we consid] ^! & o!rs l !m1 we seem compell$ to ?9k ( life z some?+1 "s =ce or pr9ciple 9 itself1 z ,m4 ,b]gson & ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge d1 exi/+ ap>t f ! matt] x animates4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 fam\s physici/ t he is1 yet has a ve9 ( my/icism & idealism 9 him :i* sometimes makes him recoil f ! h>d-&-fa/ int]pretations ( natural ph5om5a by physical sci5ce4 ,l ,m4 ,b]gson1 he sees 9 life "s t5d5cy or impetus :i* arose 9 matt] at a def9ite "t & place1 & :i* has cont9u$ to int]act ) & inc>nate itself 9 matt] ev] s9ce4 ,if a liv+ body is a ma*9e1 !n we behold a new k9d ( ma*9e ) new k9ds ( me*anical pr9ciples--a ma*9e t repairs itself1 t reproduces itself1 a clock t w9ds itself up1 an eng9e t /okes itself1 a gun t aims itself1 a ma*9e t divides & makes two1 two unite & make f\r1 a million or m unite & make a man or a tree--a ma*9e t is n9e t5?s wat]1 a ma*9e t fe$s on o!r ma*9es1 a ma*9e t gr[s /rong] ) use2 9 fact1 a ma*9e t does all sorts ( unme*anical ?+s & t no kn[n comb9ation ( me*anical & *emical pr9ciples c reproduce--a vital ma*9e4 ,! idea ( ! vital z some?+ diff]5t f & oppos$ to ! me*anical mu/ come 94 ,some?+ _h to be add$ to ! me*anical & *emical to make ! vital4 ,sp5c] expla9s 9 t]ms ( physics :y an ox is l>g] ?an ! %eep1 b he ?r[s no light ^u ! subject ( ! individuality ( ^! animals--:at x is t makes an ox an ox or a %eep a %eep4 ,^! animals are built up out ( ! same elem5ts by ! same processes1 & !y may bo? h _h ! same /em =m 9 remote biologic "t4 ,if s1 :at made !m div]ge & develop into su* totally diff]5t =ms8 ,aft] ! liv+ body is once laun*$ _m1 if n all1 ( its op]ations & economies c be expla9$ on pr9ciples ( me*anics & *emi/ry1 b ! some?+ t avails itself ( ^! pr9ciples & develops an ox 9 ! "o case & a %eep 9 ! o!r--:at ( t8 ,sp5c] is =c$ into us+ ! t]ms am\nt ( vital capital4 ,h[ mu* m ( x "s m51 "s animals1 "s plants h ?an o!rs6 ,:at is x8 ,:at did ,sp5c] mean by x8 ,?is capital augm5ts f y\? to manhood1 & !n aft] a %ort or long /ate ( equilibrium sl[ly decl9es to ! vani%+-po9t4 ,aga91 :at a man does dep5ds ^u :at he is1 & :at he is dep5ds ^u :at he does4 ,/ructure det]m9es function1 & function reacts ^u /ructure4 ,?is int]action goes on ?r\gh\t life2 cause & effect int]*ange or play into ea* o!r's h&s4 ,! m p[] we sp5d )9 limits ! m p[] we h4 ,?is is ano!r respect 9 :i* life is utt]ly unme*anical4 ,a ma*9e does n gr[ /rong] by use z our muscles d2 x does n /ore up or cons]ve ! en]gy x exp5ds4 ,! gun is weak] by e ball x hurls2 n s ! baseball pit*]2 he is made /rong] up to ! limit ( 8 capacity = /r5g?4 ,x is pla9 en\gh t all liv+ be+s are ma*9es 9 ?is respect--!y are kept go+ by ! reactions betwe5 _! int]ior & _! ext]ior2 ^! reactions are ei!r me*anical1 z 9 fly+1 swimm+1 walk+1 & involve gravitation1 or !y are *emical & assimilative1 z 9 brea?+ & eat+4 ,to t ext5t all liv+ ?+s are ma*9es--"s =ce ext]ior to !mselves mu/ aid 9 keep+ !m go+2 !re is no spontane\s or uncaus$ movem5t 9 !m2 & yet :at a diff]5ce betwe5 a ma*9e & a liv+ ?+6 ,true x is t a man _c live & function )\t heat & oxyg51 nor long )\t food1 & yet 8 relation to 8 m$ium & environm5t is z radically diff]5t f t ( ! /eam-eng9e z x is possible to express4 ,8 driv+-:eel1 ! he>t1 acts 9 response to "s /imulus z truly z does ! pi/on ( ! eng9e1 & ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 circulation are all me*anical2 & yet ! ma9 ?+ is n me*anical1 b vital4 ,analyze ! vital activities into pr9ciples ( me*anics & ( *emi/ry1 if y w1 yet !re is some?+ involv$ t is nei!r me*anical nor *emical1 ?\gh x may be t only ! imag9ation c grasp x4 ,! type t pr9ts ! book is set up & aga9 di/ribut$ by a purely me*anical process1 b t :i* ! pr9t$ page signifies involves some?+ n me*anical4 ,! me*anical & *emical pr9ciples op]ative 9 m5's bodies are all ! same2 ! cell /ructure is ! same1 & yet behold ! diff]5ce betwe5 m5 9 size1 9 /r5g?1 9 appe>ance1 9 temp]am5t1 9 disposition1 9 capacities6 ,all ! processes ( respiration1 circulation1 & nutrition 9 our bodies involve well-kn[n me*anical pr9ciples1 & ! body is accurately describ$ z a ma*9e2 & yet if !re 7 n some?+ 9 x t transc5ds me*anics & *emi/ry w\ld y & ,i be "h8 ,a ma*9e is ! same :e!r x is 9 action or repose1 b :5 a body ceases to function1 x is n ! same4 ,x _c be set go+ l a ma*9e2 ! motor p[] has ceas$ to be4 ,b if ! life ( ! body 7 no m ?an ! sum ( ! reactions exi/+ betwe5 ! body & ! m$ium 9 :i* x lives1 ?is 7 n s4 ,a body lives z long z !re is a prop] r5ewal ( ! int]ior m$ium ?r\gh ex*anges ) its environm5t4 ,me*anical pr9ciples are op]ative 9 e "p ( ! body--9 ! he>t1 9 ! art]ies1 9 ! limbs1 9 ! jo9ts1 9 ! b[els1 9 ! muscles2 & *emical pr9ciples are op]ative 9 ! lungs1 9 ! /oma*1 9 ! liv]1 9 ! kidneys2 b to all ^! ?+s d we n h to add some?+ t is n me*anical or *emical to make ! man1 to make ! plant8 ,a high] me*anics1 a high] *emi/ry1 if y pref]1 a =ce1 b a =ce diff]+ 9 k9d f ! physical =ces4 ,! =ces ( life are con/ructive =ces1 & "w 9 a _w ( dis9tegrat+ or de/ructive =ces :i* oppose !m & :i* !y ov]come4 ,! me*anical & ! *emical =ces ( dead matt] are ! enemies ( ! =ces ( life till life ov]comes & uses !m2 z mu* s z gravity1 fire1 fro/1 wat] are man's enemies till he has le>n$ h[ to subdue & use !m4 ,,iv ,x is a significant fact t ! f\r *ief elem5ts :i* 9 v>i\s comb9ations make up liv+ bodies are by _! extreme mobility well suit$ to _! purpose4 ,?ree ( ^! are gase\s2 only ! c>bon is a solid4 ,?is r5d]s !m facile & adaptive 9 ! ev]-*ang+ conditions ( organic evolution4 ,! solid c>bon =ms ! vessel 9 :i* ! preci\s ess5ce ( life is c>ri$4 ,)\t c>bon we %\ld evaporate or fl[ away & escape4 ,mu* ( ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 ent]s into liv+ bodies z wat]2 n9e t5?s ( ! human body is wat]2 a little nitrog5 & a few m9]al salts make up ! re/4 ,s t our life 9 its f9al elem5ts is little m ?an a /ream ( wat] hold+ 9 solution c>bonace\s & o!r matt] & fl[+1 =ev] fl[+1 a /ream ( fluid & solid matt] plus some?+ else t sci5tific analysis _c rea*--"s =ce or pr9ciple t comb9es & organizes ^! elem5ts into ! liv+ body4 ,if a man c\ld be r$uc$ in/antly into 8 con/itu5t elem5ts we %\ld see a pail or two ( turbid fluid t w\ld fl[ d[n ! bank & soon be lo/ 9 ! soil4 ,t :i* gives u our =m & /ability & prev5ts u f sl[ly spill+ d[n ! slope at all times is ! my/]i\s vital pr9ciple or =ce :i* knits & m>ries ^! un/able elem5ts toge!r & raises up a mobile b m or less /able =m out ( ! _w ( fluids4 ,v5us ris+ f ! sea is a symbol ( ! g5esis ( e liv+ ?+4 ,inorganic matt] seeks only re/4 ,let me alone1 x says2 d n break my slumb]s4 ,b z soon z life awak5s 9 x1 x says3 ,give me room1 get out ( my way4 ,ceaseless activity1 ceaseless *ange1 a ?\s& new =ms are :at ,i crave4 ,z soon z life ent]s matt]1 matt] meets ) a *ange ( he>t4 ,x is lift$ to ano!r plane1 ! sup]me*anical plane2 x behaves 9 a new way2 its movem5ts f be+ calculable become incalculable4 ,a /raight l9e has direction1 t is me*anics2 :at direction has ! circle8 ,t is life1 a *ange ( direction e in/ant4 ,an a]oplane is built entirely on me*anical pr9ciples1 b some?+ n s built has to sit 9 x & guide x2 9 fact1 _h to build x & adju/ x to its end4 ,me*anical =ces seek an equilibrium or a /ate ( re/4 ,! :ole inorganic _w "u ! influ5ce ( gravity w\ld fl[ z wat] fl[s1 if x c\ld1 till x rea*$ a /ate ( absolute repose4 ,b vital =ces /ruggle aga9/ a /ate ( repose1 :i* to !m means dea?4 ,!y are vital by virtue ( _! t5d5cy to resi/ ! repose ( in]t matt]2 *emical activity dis9tegrates a /one or o!r metal1 b ! decay ( organiz$ matt] is diff]5t 9 k9d2 liv+ organisms decompose x & resolve x into its orig9al comp\nds4 ,vital connections & me*anical connections diff] 9 k9d4 ,y c treat me*anical pr9ciples ma!matically1 b c y treat life ma!matically8 ,w y\r =mulas & equations apply "h8 ,y c figure out ! eclipses ( ! sun & moon = c5turies to come1 b :o c figure out ! eclipses ( nations or ! ov]?r[ ( p>ties or ! failures ( great m58 ,& x is n simply because ! problem is s va/ly m complex2 x is because y are 9 a _w :]e ma!matical pr9ciples d n apply4 ,me*anical =ces w det]m9e ! place & %ape ( e p>ticle ( in]t matt] any numb] ( ye>s or c5turies h5ce1 b !y w n det]m9e ! place & condition ( matt] imbu$ ) ! pr9ciple ( life4 ,we c graft liv+ matt]1 we c ev5 graft a "p ( "o animal's body into ano!r animal's body1 b ! me*anical union :i* we br+ ab\t mu/ be *ang$ into vital union to be a success1 ! _s ( ! body has to second our ef=ts4 ,! same 9 graft+ a tree or any?+ else3 ! me*anical union :i* we effect mu/ become a vital union2 & ?is w n take place )\t "s degree ( consangu9ity1 ! live scion mu/ be recogniz$ & adapt$ by ! /ock 9 :i* we introduce x4 ,liv+ matt] may be symboliz$ by a /ream2 x is ev] & nev] ! same2 life is a con/ant becom+2 our m9ds & our bodies are nev] ! same at any two mom5ts ( "t2 life is ceaseless *ange4 ,no d\bt x is betwe5 ! /able & ! un/able condition ( ! molecules ( matt] t life is born4 ,! /atic condition to :i* all ?+s t5d is dea?4 ,matt] 9 an un/able condition t5ds ei!r to explode or to gr[ or to dis9tegrate4 ,s t an explosion be>s "s analogy to life1 only x is quickly ov] & ! /atic /ate ( ! elem5ts is re/or$4 ,life is an inf9itely sl[] explosion1 or a prolong$ explosion1 dur+ :i* "s matt] ( ! organism is be+ con/antly burn$ up1 & ?us return$ to a /ate ( inorganic repose1 :ile new matt] is tak5 9 & k9dl$ & consum$ by ! fires ( life4 ,"o c visualize all ?is & make x tangible to ! intellect4 ,get y\r fire ( life />t$ & all is easy1 b h[ to />t x is ! rub4 ,get y\r explosive comp\nd1 & some?+ mu/ break ! deadlock ( ! elem5ts be=e x w explode4 ,s 9 life1 :at is x t sets up ?is sl[ g5tle explosion t makes ! ma*9]y ( our vital economies g--t draws new matt] into ! vortex & ca/s ! us$-up mat]ial out--9 %ort1 t creates & keeps up ! un/able condition1 ! seesaw ^u :i* life dep5ds8 ,to enable ! m9d to grasp x we h to inv5t or posit "s pr9ciple1 call x ! vital =ce1 z s _m h done & /ill d1 or call x molecul> =ce1 z ,tyndall does1 or ! p[] ( ,god1 z our or?odox bre?r5 d1 x matt]s n4 ,we are on ! bord]-l& betwe5 ! kn[able & ! unkn[able1 :]e ! m9d c take no fur!r /ep4 ,!re is no life )\t c>bon & oxyg51 hydrog5 & nitrog51 b !re is a _w ( ^! elem5ts )\t life4 ,:at mu/ be add$ to !m to set up ! reaction we call life8 ,no?+ t *emi/ry c disclose4 ,new t5d5cies & activities are set up among ^! elem5ts1 b ! elem5ts !mselves are n *ang$2 oxyg5 is /ill oxyg5 & c>bon /ill c>bon1 yet behold ! wond] ( _! new workman%ip "u ! tutelage ( life6 ,life only appe>s :5 ! /able passes into ! un/able1 yet ?is *ange takes place all ab\t u 9 our laboratories1 & no life appe>s4 ,we c s5d an electric sp>k ?r\gh a room full ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 gas1 & ) a trem5d\s explosion we h wat]--an elem5t ( life1 b n life4 ,"s ( ! elem5ts seem ne>] life ?an o!rs4 ,wat] is ne> life2 heat1 light1 ! colloid /ate are ne> life2 osmosis1 oxidation1 *emical reactions are ne> life2 ! a%es ( inorganic bodies are ne>] life ?an ! same m9]als 9 ! rocks & soil2 b none ( ^! ?+s is life4 ,! *emical mixture ( "s ( ! elem5ts gives u our high explosives--gunp[d]1 guncotton1 & ! l2 _! organic mixture gives a sl[] k9d ( explosive--bread1 meat1 milk1 fruit1 :i*1 :5 act$ ^u by ! vital =ces ( ! body1 yield ! =ce t is ! equival5t ( ! "w ! body does4 ,b to comb9e !m 9 ! laboratory s z to produce ! comp\nds out ( :i* ! body c extract =ce is impossible4 ,we c make an un/able comp\nd t w hurl a ton ( iron t5 miles1 b n "o t :5 explod$ 9 ! dige/ive tract ( ! human body w lift a hair4 ,we may foll[ life d[n to ! gr\nd1 yes1 "u ! gr\nd1 into ! v roots ( matt] & motion1 yea1 beyond ! roots1 into ! imag9>y _w ( molecules & atoms1 & _! attractions & repulsions & n f9d its secret4 ,inde$1 sci5ce--! new sci5ce--pursues matt] to ! vani%+-po9t1 :]e x ceases to become matt] & becomes pure =ce or _s4 ,:at takes place 9 t imag9>y _w :]e pond]able matt] ends & becomes disembodi$ =ce1 & :]e ! hypo!tical atoms are no long] divisible1 we may conjecture b may nev] "k4 ,we may fancy ! inf9itely little go+ ?r\gh a cycle ( evolution l t ( ! inf9itely great1 & sol> sy/ems develop+ & revolv+ inside ( ! ultimate atoms1 b ! ,cop]nicus or ! ,laplace ( ! atomic a/ronomy has n yet appe>$4 ,! atom itself is an inv5tion ( sci5ce4 ,to get ! my/]y ( vitality r$uc$ to ! atom is gett+ x 9 v close qu>t]s1 b x is a v big my/]y /ill4 ,j h[ ! dead becomes alive1 ev5 9 ! atom1 is my/]y en\gh to /agg] any sci5tific m9d4 ,x is n ! volume ( ! *ange2 x is ! quality or k9d4 ,*emi/ry & me*anics we h always kn[n1 & !y always rema9 *emi/ry & me*anics4 ,!y g into our laboratories & ?r\gh our devices *emi/ry & me*anics1 & !y come out *emi/ry & me*anics4 ,!y w nev] come out life1 conjure ) !m z we w1 & we c get no o!r result4 ,we _c inaugurate ! my/ic dance among ! atoms t w give u ! lea/ ?rob ( life4 ,! psy*ic arises out ( ! organic & ! organic arises out ( ! inorganic1 & ! inorganic arises out (--:at8 ,! relation ( ea* to ! o!r is z intimate z t ( ! s\l to ! body2 we _c get betwe5 !m ev5 9 ?\ght1 b ! diff]5ce is "o ( k9d & n ( degree4 ,! vital transc5ds ! me*anical1 & ! psy*ic transc5ds ! vital--is on ano!r plane1 & yet )\t ! sun's en]gy !re c\ld be nei!r4 ,?us are ?+s knit toge!r2 ?us does "o ?+ fl[ out ( or bloom out ( ano!r4 ,we date f ! rocks1 & ! rocks date f ! fi]y nebul1 & ! loom 9 :i* ! texture ( our lives 0 wov5 is ! great loom ( vital en]gy ab\t u & 9 u2 b :at h& guid$ ! %uttle & inv5t$ ! patt]n--:o kn[s8 ,,iii ,a ,,wond]ful ,,_w ,i ,sci5ce recognizes a m fundam5tal _w ?an t ( matt]4 ,?is is ! electro-magnetic _w :i* und]lies ! mat]ial _w & :i*1 z ,pr(essor ,soddy says1 probably completely embraces x1 & has no me*anical analogy4 ,to ^? accu/om$ only to ! gross] ideas ( matt] & its motions1 says ! ,briti% sci5ti/1 ?is electro-magnetic _w is z difficult to conceive ( z x w\ld be = u to walk ^u air4 ,yet _m times 9 our lives is ?is _w 9 ov]:elm+ evid5ce be=e u4 ,dur+ a ?und]/orm we get an inkl+ ( h[ fe>fully & wond]fully ! univ]se 9 :i* we live is made1 & :at en]gy & activity its app>5t passivity & opacity m>k4 ,a fla% ( lightn+ out ( a /orm-cl\d seems in/antly to trans=m ! :ole passive univ]se into a t]rible liv+ p[]4 ,?is sl[1 opaque1 indiff]5t matt] ab\t u & above u1 go+ its sil5t or noisy r\nd ( me*anical & *emical *ange1 pond]able1 ins5sate1 ob/ructive1 slumb]+ 9 ! rocks1 quietly active 9 ! soil1 g5tly ru/l+ 9 ! trees1 sweetly purl+ 9 ! brooks1 sl[ly1 invisibly build+ & %ap+ our bodies--h[ c\ld we ev] dream t x held 9 lea% su* a t]rible1 ubiquit\s1 spectacul> ?+ z ?is ( ! =k$ lightn+8 ,if we 7 to see & he> x = ! fir/ "t1 %\ld we n ?9k t ! ,judgm5t ,day _h really come8 t ! great seals ( ! ,book ( ,fate 7 be+ brok58 ,:at an awak5+ x is6 :at a revelation6 :at a fe>fully dramatic actor sudd5ly leaps ^u ! /age6 ,_h we be5 p]mitt$ to look beh9d ! sc5es1 we c\ld n h f\nd him2 he 0 n !re1 except pot5tially2 he 0 born & equipp$ 9 a tw9kl+4 ,"o /ride1 & "o ^w :i* %akes ! h\se1 & he is gone2 gone z quickly z he came4 ,look beh9d ! curta9 & he is n !re4 ,he has vani%$ m completely ?an any /age gho/ ev] vani%$--he has )drawn into ! inn]mo/ recesses ( ! atomic /ructure ( matt]1 & is diffus$ ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 to be call$ back aga91 z ! elem5tal drama proce$s1 z sudd5ly z be=e4 ,all matt] is *>g$ ) electricity1 ei!r actual or pot5tial2 ! sun is hot ) x1 & d\btless our own he>t-beats1 our own ?9k+ bra9s1 are intimately relat$ to x2 yet x is palpable & visible only 9 ?is sudd5 & extraord9>y way4 ,x defies our analysis1 x defies our def9itions2 x is inscrutable & incompreh5sible1 yet x w d our err&s1 light our h\ses1 cook our d9n]s1 & pull our loads4 ,h[ humdrum & con/ant & prosaic ! o!r =ces--gravity1 cohesion1 *emical aff9ity1 & capill>y attraction--seem :5 comp>$ ) ?is =ce ( =ces1 electricity6 ,h[ deep & prolong$ x slumb]s at "o "t1 h[ t]ribly active & ?reat5+ at ano!r1 bell[+ ?r\gh ! heav5s l an infuriat$ god seek+ :om he may de/roy6 ,! w>r+ ( ! elem5ts at su* times is no figure ( spee*4 ,:at has s di/urb$ ! peace 9 ! electric equilibrium1 z to make possible ?is sudd5 outbur/1 ?is /eep incl9e 9 ! /ream ( en]gy1 ?is e!real ,niag>a p\r+ f heav5 to e>?8 ,is a ?und]/orm a display ( ! atomic en]gy ( :i* ! physici/s speak1 & :i*1 7 x available = our use1 w\ld d all ! "w ( ! _w _m times ov]8 ,h[ m>vel\s t ! s(te/ summ] breeze1 or ! impalpable curr5ts ( ! calme/ day1 c be torn asund] ) su* sudd5ness & viol5ce1 by ! accumulat$ en]gy t slumb]s 9 ! imag9>y atoms1 z to give =? a s\nd l ! r5d+ ( m\nta9s or ! detonations ( e>?quakes6 ,electricity is ! s\l ( matt]4 ,if ,:itman's p>adox is true1 t ! s\l & body are "o1 9 ! same s5se ! sci5tific p>adox is true3 t matt] & electricity are "o1 & bo? are d\btless a phase ( ! univ]sal e!r--a reality :i* c be describ$ only 9 t]ms ( ! negation ( matt]4 ,9 a fla% ( lightn+ we see pure disembodi$ en]gy--probably t :i* is ! ma9-spr+ ( ! univ]se4 ,mod]n sci5ce is m & m incl9$ to f9d ! explanation ( all vital ph5om5a 9 electrical /ress & *ange4 ,we "k t an electric curr5t w br+ ab\t *emical *anges o!rwise impracticable4 ,n]ve =ce1 if n a =m ( electricity1 is probably insep>able f x4 ,*emical *anges equival5t to ! combu/ion ( fuel & ! correspond+ am\nt ( available en]gy releas$ h n yet be5 a*iev$ outside ( ! liv+ body )\t great loss4 ,! liv+ body makes a %ort cut f fuel to en]gy1 & ?is avoids ! wa/eful process ( ! eng9e4 ,:at "p electricity plays 9 ?is process is1 ( c\rse1 only conjectural4 ,,ii ,our daily lives g on = ! mo/ "p 9 two worlds1 ! _w ( me*anical transposition & ! _w ( *emical trans=mations1 b we are usually consci\s only ( ! =m]4 ,?is is ! visible1 palpable _w ( motion & *ange t ru%es & ro>s ar\nd u 9 ! w9ds1 ! /orms1 ! floods1 ! mov+ & fall+ bodies1 & ! :ole panorama ( our mat]ial civilization2 ! latt] is ! _w ( sil5t1 invisible1 unsleep+1 & all-pot5t *emical reactions t take place all ab\t u & is conf9$ to ! atoms & molecules ( matt]1 z ! =m] is conf9$ to its visible aggregates4 ,me*anical =ces & *emical aff9ities rule our physical lives1 & indirectly our psy*ic lives z well4 ,:5 we come into ! _w & draw our fir/ brea?1 me*anics & *emi/ry />t u on our c>e]4 ,brea?+ is a me*anical1 or a me*anico-vital1 act2 ! me*anical pr9ciple involv$ is ! same z t involv$ 9 ! work+ ( a bell[s1 b ! oxidation ( ! blood :5 ! air ent]s ! lungs is a *emical act1 or a *emico-vital act4 ,! air gives up a "p ( its oxyg51 :i* goes into ! art]ial circulation1 & its place is tak5 by c>bonic-acid gas & wat]y vapor4 ,! oxyg5 fe$s & keeps go+ ! flame ( life1 z lit]ally z x fe$s & keeps go+ ! fires 9 our /oves & furnaces4 ,h5ce our mo/ con/ant & vital relation to ! _w )\t is a *emical "o4 ,we c g )\t food = "s days1 b we c exi/ )\t brea?+ only a few mom5ts4 ,?r\gh ^! spongy lungs ( ours we lay hold ^u ! outw>d _w 9 ! mo/ intimate & con/ant way4 ,?r\gh !m we are root$ to ! air4 ,! air is a me*anical mixture ( two v unlike gases--nitrog5 & oxyg52 "o v in]t1 ! o!r v active4 ,nitrog5 is l a cold-blood$1 le?>gic p]son--x comb9es ) o!r sub/ances v reluctantly & ) b little en]gy4 ,oxyg5 is j its opposite 9 ?is respect3 x gives itself freely2 x is ,hail1 fell[2 well met6 ) mo/ sub/ances1 & x ent]s into co-p>tn]%ip ) !m on su* a l>ge scale t x =ms ne>ly "o half ( ! mat]ial ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,?is invisible gas1 ?is brea? ( air1 ?r\gh ! magic ( *emical comb9ation1 =ms ne>ly half ! sub/ance ( ! solid rocks4 ,deprive x ( its aff9ity = c>bon1 or sub/itute nitrog5 or hydrog5 9 its place1 & ! air w\ld quickly suffocate u4 ,t *ang+ ( ! d>k v5\s blood 9 our lungs into ! bright1 r$1 art]ial blood w\ld in/antly cease4 ,fancy ! s5sation ( inhal+ an odorless1 non-poison\s atmosph]e t w\ld make "o gasp = brea?6 ,we %\ld be quickly poison$ by ! wa/e ( our own bodies4 ,all ?+s t live mu/ h oxyg51 & all ?+s t burn mu/ h oxyg54 ,oxyg5 does n burn1 b x supports combu/ion4 ,& h]e9 is "o ( ! my/]ies ( *emi/ry aga94 ,?is support :i* ! oxyg5 gives is utt]ly unlike any support we are acqua9t$ ) 9 ! _w ( me*anical =ces4 ,oxyg5 supports combu/ion by comb9+ *emically ) c>bon1 & ! evolution ( heat & light is ! result4 ,& ?is is ano!r my/]y--?is *emical union :i* takes place 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] & :i* is s radically diff]5t f a me*anical mixture4 ,9 a *emical union ! atoms are n simply 9 juxtaposition2 !y are1 s to speak1 inside ( "o ano!r--ea* has swall[$ ano!r & lo/ its id5tity1 an impossible feat1 surely1 view$ 9 ! light ( our exp]i5ces ) tangible bodies4 ,9 ! visible1 me*anical _w no two bodies c occupy ! same place at ! same "t1 b app>5tly 9 *emi/ry !y c & d4 ,an atom ( oxyg5 & "o ( c>bon1 or ( hydrog51 unite & are lo/ 9 ea* o!r2 x is a m>riage :]e9 ! two or ?ree become "o4 ,9 deal+ ) ! molecules & atoms ( matt] we are 9 a _w :]e9 ! laws ( solid bodies d n apply2 friction is aboli%$1 ela/icity is p]fect1 & place & =m play no "p4 ,we h escap$ f matt] z we "k x1 ! solid1 fluid1 or gase\s =ms1 & are deal+ ) x 9 its f\r? or e!real e/ate4 ,9 brea?+1 ! oxyg5 goes into ! blood1 n to /ay !re1 b to unite ) & br+ away ! wa/e ( ! sy/em 9 ! %ape ( c>bon1 & re-ent] ! air aga9 z "o ( ! elem5ts ( c>bonic-acid gas1 ,,co#b4 ,!n ! rev]se process takes place 9 ! vegetable _w1 ! leaves brea! ?is poison\s gas1 release ! oxyg5 "u ! *emi/ry ( ! sun's rays1 & appropriate & /ore up ! c>bon4 ,?us d ! animal & vegetable worlds play into ea* o!r's h&s4 ,! animal is dep5d5t ^u ! vegetable = its c>bon1 :i* x releases aga91 ?r\gh ! life processes1 z c>bonic-acid gas1 to be aga9 drawn into ! cycle ( vegetable life4 ,! act ( brea?+ well illu/rates our my/]i\s relations to ,nature--! cunn+ way 9 :i* %e plays ! pr9cipal "p 9 our lives )\t our k4 ,h[ c]ta9 we are t we draw ! air into our lungs--t we seize hold ( x 9 "s way z if x 7 a cont9u\s sub/ance1 & pull x into our bodies6 ,are we n also c]ta9 t ! pump sucks ! wat] up ?r\gh ! pipe1 & t we suck our ic$ dr9ks ?r\gh a /raw8 ,we are q unconsci\s ( ! fact t ! weight ( ! sup]9cumb5t air does x all1 t brea?+ is only to a v limit$ ext5t a volunt>y act4 ,x is controll$ by muscul> ma*9]y1 b t ma*9]y w\ld n act 9 a vacuum4 ,we contract ! diaphragm1 or ! diaphragm contracts "u /imuli receiv$ ?r\gh ! m$ulla oblongata f ^? p>ts ( ! body :i* con/antly dem& oxyg51 & a vacuum t5ds to =m 9 ! *e/1 :i* is con/antly prev5t$ by ! air ru%+ 9 to fill x4 ,! expansive =ce ( ! air "u its own weight causes ! lungs to fill1 j z x causes ! bell[s ( ! blacksmi? to fill :5 he works ! lev]1 & ! wat] to rise 9 ! pump :5 we =ce out ! air by work+ ! h&le4 ,ano!r unconsci\s muscul> ef=t "u ! influ5ce ( n]ve /imulus1 & ! air is =c$ out ( ! lungs1 *>g$ ) ! bodily wa/e :i* x is ! function to relieve4 ,b ! wond] ( x all is h[ slight a "p our wills play 9 ! process1 & h[ our lives are kept go+ by a me*anical =ce f )\t1 second$ or supplem5t$ by *emical & vital =ces f )94 ,! "o *emical process ) :i* we are famili> all our lives1 b :i* we nev] ?9k ( z su*1 is fire4 ,"h on our own he>?/ones goes on ?is wond]ful spectacul> & b5efic5t trans=mation ( matt] & en]gy1 & yet we are gr[n s famili> ) x t x moves u n4 ,we c describe combu/ion 9 t]ms ( *emi/ry1 j z we c describe ! life-processes 9 simil> t]ms1 yet ! my/]y is no m cle>$ up 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,inde$1 x seems to me t next to ! my/]y ( life is ! my/]y ( fire4 ,! oxidiz+ processes are id5tical1 only "o is a build+ up or integrat+ process1 & ! o!r is a pull+ d[n or dis9tegrat+ process4 ,m ?an t1 we c evoke fire any "t1 by bo? me*anical & *emical means1 f ! combu/ible matt] ab\t u2 b we _c evoke life4 ,! equival5ts ( life d n slumb] 9 our tools z d ! equival5ts ( fire4 ,h5ce life is ! deep] my/]y4 ,! anci5ts ?\ght ( a _s ( fire z !y did ( a _s ( heal? & ( disease1 & ( good & bad spirits all ab\t !m1 & z we ?9k ( a _s ( life1 or ( a creative life pr9ciple4 ,are we z wide ( ! m>k z !y 78 ,s ?9k _m e>ne/ /ud5ts ( liv+ ?+s4 ,:5 we d n h to pass ! tor* ( life along1 b c k9dle x 9 our laboratories1 !n ?is *>ge w assume a diff]5t aspect4 ,,iii ,nature works ) su* simple means6 ,a little m or a little less ( ?is or t1 & behold ! diff]5ce6 ,a little m or a little less heat1 & ! face ( ! _w is *ang$4 ,& ! little m1 & h[ mu* x is1 ,& ! little less1 & :at worlds away6 ,at "o temp]ature wat] is solid1 at ano!r x is fluid1 at ano!r x is a visible vapor1 at a /ill high] x is an invisible vapor t burns l a flame4 ,all possible %ades ( color lurk 9 a colorless ray ( light4 ,a little m or a little less heat makes all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a nebula & a sun1 & betwe5 a sun & a planet4 ,at "o degree ( heat ! elem5ts are dissociat$2 at a l[] degree !y are unit$4 ,at "o po9t 9 ! scale ( temp]atures life appe>s2 at ano!r x disappe>s4 ,) heat en\gh ! e>? w\ld melt l a sn[ball 9 a furnace1 ) /ill m x w\ld become a vapor & float away l a cl\d4 ,m or less heat only makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fluidity ( wat] & ! solidity ( ! rocks t x beats aga9/1 or ( ! banks t hold x4 ,! physical hi/ory ( ! univ]se is writt5 9 t]ms ( heat & motion4 ,a/ronomy is ! /ory ( cool+ suns & worlds4 ,at a l[ en\gh temp]ature all *emical activity ceases4 ,9 our own exp]i5ce we f9d t fro/ w bli/] l flame4 ,9 ! "o case heat passes into ! tissues s quickly & 9 su* quantity t a bli/] ensues2 9 ! o!r1 heat is ab/ract$ s quickly & 9 su* quantity t a l effect is produc$4 ,9 "o s5se1 life is a !rmal ph5om5on2 s are all conditions ( fluids & solids !rmal ph5om5a4 ,great wond]s ,nature seems to a*ieve by v>y+ ! arrangem5t ( ! same p>ticles4 ,arrange or unite ! atoms ( c>bon 9 "o way & y h *>coal2 assemble ! same atoms 9 ano!r ord]1 & y h ! diamond4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pe>l & ! oy/]-%ell t holds x is "o ( /ructure or arrangem5t ( ! same p>ticles ( matt]4 ,arrange ! atoms ( silica 9 "o way & y h a qu>tz pebble1 9 ano!r way & y h a preci\s /one4 ,! *emical con/itu5ts ( alcohol & e!r are ! same2 ! diff]5ce 9 _! qualities & prop]ties arises f ! way ! elem5ts are comp\nd$--! way !y take hold ( h&s1 s to speak1 9 t m>riage c]emony :i* con/itutes a *emical comp\nd4 ,comp\nds id5tical 9 composition & 9 molecul> =mul may yet diff] widely 9 physical prop]ties2 ! elem5ts are probably gr\p$ 9 diff]5t ways1 ! atoms ( c>bon or ( hydrog5 probably c>ry diff]5t am\nts ( pot5tial en]gy1 s t ! ord] 9 :i* !y /& relat$ to "o ano!r acc\nts = ! diff]5t prop]ties ( ! same *emical comp\nds4 ,diff]5t gr\p+s ( ! same atoms ( any ( ! elem5ts result 9 a l diff]5ce ( physical prop]ties4 ,! physici/s tell u t :at we call ! qualities ( ?+s1 & _! /ructure & composition1 are b ! expressions ( int]nal atomic movem5ts4 ,a complex sub/ance simply means a :irl1 an intricate dance1 ( :i* *emical composition1 hi/ological /ructure1 & gross configuration are ! figures4 ,h[ ! atoms take hold ( h&s1 z x 71 ! way !y face1 ! poses !y assume1 ! spe$ ( _! gyrations1 ! p>tn]s !y ex*ange1 det]m9e ! k9ds ( ph5om5a we are deal+ )4 ,!re is a /rik+ analogy betwe5 ! lett]s ( our alphabet & _! relation to ! language ( ! va/ volume ( pr9t$ books1 & ! eighty or m prim>y elem5ts & _! relation to ! va/ univ]se ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,! analogy may n be 9 all respects a /rictly true "o1 b x is an illum9at+ "o4 ,our tw5ty-six lett]s comb9$ & repeat$ 9 diff]5t ord]s give u ! _m ?\s& words our language possesses1 & ^! words comb9$ & repeat$ 9 diff]5t ord]s give u ! va/ body ( pr9t$ books 9 our libr>ies4 ,! ultimate p>ts--! atoms & molecules ( all lit]ature1 s to speak--are ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,h[ (t5 by *ang+ a lett] 9 a ^w1 by rev]s+ _! ord]1 or by sub/itut+ "o lett] = ano!r1 we get a ^w ( an entirely diff]5t mean+1 z 9 umpire & empire1 petrifaction & putrefaction1 malt & salt1 tool & fool4 ,& by *ang+ ! ord] ( ! words 9 a s5t5ce we express all ! inf9ite v>iety ( ideas & mean+s t ! books ( ! _w hold4 ,! eighty or m primordial elem5ts are ,nature's alphabet ) :i* %e writes h] inf9ite book ( secrecy4 ,sci5ce %[s pretty conclusively t ! "* ( ! diff]5t sub/ances1 _! div]se qualities & prop]ties1 dep5d ^u ! ord] 9 :i* ! atoms & molecules are comb9$4 ,*ange ! ord] 9 :i* ! molecules ( ! c>bon & oxyg5 are comb9$ 9 alcohol1 & we get e!r--! *emical =mula rema9+ ! same4 ,or take ord9>y spirits ( w9e & add f\r m atoms ( c>bon to ! c>bon molecules1 & we h ! poison1 c>bolic acid4 ,pure alcohol is turn$ into a deadly poison by tak+ f x "o atom ( c>bon & two ( hydrog54 ,) ! atoms ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 by comb9+ !m 9 diff]5t proportions & 9 diff]5t ord]s1 ,nature produces su* div]se bodies z acetic acid1 alcohol1 sug>1 />*1 animal fats1 vegetable oils1 glyc]9e1 & ! l4 ,s ) ! long li/ ( hydroc>bons--gase\s1 liquid1 & solid--call$ p>aff9s1 t are obta9$ f petroleum & t are all compos$ ( hydrog5 & c>bon1 b ) a diff]5t numb] ( atoms ( ea*1 l a diff]5t numb] ( a's or b's or c's 9 a ^w4 ,:at an enorm\s numb] ( bodies ,nature =ms out ( oxyg5 by unit+ x *emically ) o!r prim>y elem5ts6 ,?us by unit+ x ) ! elem5t silica %e =ms half ( ! solid cru/ ( ! globe2 by unit+ x ) hydrog5 9 ! proportion ( two to "o %e =ms all ! wat] ( ! globe4 ,) "o atom ( nitrog5 unit$ *emically ) ?ree atoms ( hydrog5 %e =ms ammonia4 ,) "o atom ( c>bon unit$ ) f\r atoms ( hydrog5 %e spells m>% gas2 & s on4 ,c>bon occurs 9 inorganic nature 9 two cry/all9e =ms1--! diamond & black lead1 or graphite1--_! physical diff]5ces evid5tly be+ ! result ( _! diff]5t molecul> /ructure4 ,graphite is a good conductor ( heat & electricity1 & ! diamond is n4 ,c>bon 9 ! organic _w1 :]e x plays su* an important "p1 is non-cry/all9e4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( life its molecules are diff]5tly put toge!r1 z 9 sug>1 />*1 wood1 *>coal1 etc4 ,!re are also two =ms ( phosphorus1 b n two k9ds2 ! same atoms are probably unit$ diff]5tly 9 ea*4 ,! yell[ waxy v>iety has su* an aff9ity = oxyg5 t x w burn 9 wat]1 & x is poison\s4 ,br+ ?is v>iety to a high temp]ature away f ! air1 & its molecul> /ructure seems to *ange1 & we h ! r$ v>iety1 :i* is ta/eless1 odorless1 & non-poison\s1 & is n affect$ by contact ) ! air4 ,su* is ! my/]y ( *emical *ange4 ,,iv ,sci5ce has develop$ me?ods & implem5ts ( incr$ible delicacy4 ,its microbalance c e/imate ! diff]5ce ( weight ( ! ord] ( ! million? ( a milligram4 ,light travels at ! spe$ ( #ahf1jjj miles a second1 yet sci5ce c foll[ x ) its me?ods1 & f9ds t x travels fa/] ) ! curr5t ( runn+ wat] ?an aga9/ x4 ,sci5ce has p]fect$ a !rmal in/rum5t by :i* x c detect ! heat ( a light$ c&le six miles away1 & ! w>m? ( ! human face sev]al miles di/ant4 ,x has devis$ a me?od by :i* x c c\nt ! p>ticles 9 ! alpha rays ( radium t move at a velocity ( tw5ty ?\s& kilomet]s a second1 & a me?od by :i*1 ?r\gh ! use ( a scre5 ( z9c-sulphide1 x c see ! fla%es produc$ by ! alpha atoms :5 !y /rike ?is scre54 ,x weighs & c\nts & calculates ! motions ( p>ticles ( matt] s inf9itely small t only ! imag9ation c grasp !m4 ,its !ories require x to treat ! ultimate p>ticles into :i* x resolves matt]1 & :i* are s small t !y are no long] divisible1 z if !y 7 solid bodies ) weight & =m1 ) c5tre & circumf]5ce1 collid+ ) "o ano!r l billi>d-balls1 or l cosmic bodies 9 ! dep?s ( space1 /rik+ "o ano!r squ>ely1 &1 = aught ,i "k1 ea* go+ ?r\gh ano!r1 or else graz+ "o ano!r & glanc+ (f4 ,to p>ticles ( matt] s small t !y c no long] be divid$ or made small]1 ! impossible feat ( ea* go+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ano!r1 or ( ea* envelop+ ! o!r1 might be affirm$ ( !m )\t add+ to _! un?9kabl5ess4 ,! !ory is t if we divide a molecule ( wat] ! p>ts are no long] wat]1 b atoms ( hydrog5 & oxyg5--real bodies ) weight & =m1 & /oreh\ses ( en]gy1 b no long] divisible4 ,inde$1 ! atomic !ory ( matt] leads u into a non-mat]ial _w1 or a _w ! inv]se ( ! solid1 ?ree-dim5sion$ _w t our s5ses reveal to u1 or to matt] 9 a f\r? e/ate4 ,we "k solids & fluids & gases2 b emanations :i* are nei!r we "k only z we "k spirits & gho/s--by dreams or he>say4 ,yet ?is f\r? or e!real e/ate ( matt] seems to be ! f9al1 real1 & fundam5tal condition4 ,h[ x diff]s f _s is n easy to def9e4 ,! beta ray ( radium w p5etrate solid iron a foot ?ick1 a feat t w\ld give a _s pause4 ,! e!r ( space1 :i* sci5ce is com+ m & m to look ^u z ! "m-/uff ( all ?+s1 has _m ( ! attributes ( ,deity4 ,x is omnipres5t & all-p[]ful4 ,nei!r "t nor space has dom9ion ov] x4 ,x is ! "o immutable & immeasurable ?+ 9 ! univ]se4 ,f x all ?+s arise & to x !y return4 ,x is ev]y:]e & n[h]e4 ,x has none ( ! f9ite prop]ties ( matt]--nei!r p>ts1 =m1 nor dim5sion2 nei!r d5sity nor t5uity2 x _c be compress$ nor exp&$ nor mov$2 x has no in]tia nor mass1 & (f]s no resi/ance2 x is subject to no me*anical laws1 & no in/rum5t or exp]im5t t sci5ce has yet devis$ c detect its pres5ce2 x has nei!r c5tre nor circumf]5ce1 nei!r ext5sion nor b\nd>y4 ,& yet sci5ce is z conv9c$ ( its exi/5ce z ( ! solid gr\nd b5ea? our feet4 ,x is ! "o f9al reality 9 ! univ]se1 if we may n say t x is ! univ]se4 ,tremors or vibrations 9 x rea* ! eye & make an impression t we call light2 electrical oscillations 9 x are ! s\rce ( o!r ph5om5a4 ,x is ! f\nta9-head ( all pot5tial en]gy4 ,! e!r is an inv5tion ( ! sci5tific imag9ation4 ,we _h to h x to acc\nt = light1 gravity1 & ! action ( "o body ^u ano!r at a di/ance1 z well z to acc\nt = o!r ph5om5a4 ,! e!r is n a body1 x is a m$ium4 ,all bodies are 9 motion2 matt] moves2 ! e!r is 9 a /ate ( absolute re/4 ,says ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 ,! e!r is /ra9$1 & has ! prop]ty ( ex]t+ /ra9 & recoil4 ,an electron is l a knot 9 ! e!r4 ,! e!r is ! fluid ( fluids1 yet its t5sion or /ra9 is s great t x is immeasurably m d5se ?an any?+ else--a ph5om5on t may be p>allel$ by a jet ( wat] at su* spe$ t x _c be cut ) a sword or sev]$ by a hamm]4 ,x is s subtle or impond]able t solid bodies are z vacuums to x1 & s p]vasive t all conceivable space is fill$ ) x2 s full1 says ,cl]k ,maxwell1 t no human p[] c remove x f ! smalle/ portion ( space1 or produce ! slighte/ flaw 9 its inf9ite cont9uity4 ,! sci5tific imag9ation1 9 its attempts to ma/] ! work+s ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 has ?us giv5 u a creation :i* 9 _m ( its attributes rivals ,omnipot5ce4 ,x is ! sum ( all contradictions1 & ! s\rce ( all reality4 ,! gross matt] :i* we see & feel is "o /ate ( x2 electricity1 :i* is )\t =m & void1 is ano!r /ate ( x2 & our m9ds & s\ls1 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge intimates1 may be /ill ano!r /ate ( x4 ,b all ^! !ories ( physical sci5ce are ju/ifi$ by _! fruits4 ,! atomic !ory ( matt]1 & ! k9etic !ory ( gases1 are ma!matically demon/rat$4 ,h[ev] unreal & fanta/ic !y may appe> to our practical faculties1 conv]sant only ) pond]able bodies1 !y be> ! te/ ( ! mo/ rigid & exact exp]im5tation4 ,v ,aft] we h m>vel$ ov] all ^! hidd5 ?+s1 & be5 impress$ by ! _w )9 _w ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 d we get any ne>] to ! my/]y ( life8 ,c we see :]e ! trem5d\s *ange f ! non-liv+ to ! liv+ takes place8 ,c we evoke life f ! omnipot5t e!r1 or see x arise 9 ! :irl+ /ream ( atoms & electrons8 ,molecul> sci5ce op5s up to u a _w :]e ! inf9itely little mat*es ! inf9itely great1 :]e matt] is demat]ializ$ & answ]s to _m ( ! conceptions ( _s2 b does x br+ u any ne>] ! orig9 ( life8 ,is radio-active matt] any ne>] liv+ matt] ?an is ! clod "u foot8 ,are ! d>t+ electrons any m vital ?an ! %oot+-/>s8 ,c a fla% ( radium emanations on a z9c-sulphide plate k9dle ! preci\s sp>k8 ,x is probably j z possible to evoke vitality out ( ! cla% ( billi>d-balls z out ( ! cla% ( atoms & electrons4 ,?is allusion to billi>d-balls recalls to my m9d a /rik+ passage f ,tyndall's fam\s ,belfa/ ,address :i* he puts 9 ! m\? ( ,bi%op ,butl] 9 8 imag9>y argum5t ) ,lucretius1 & :i* %[s h[ ?or\ghly ,tyndall appreciat$ ! difficulties ( 8 own position 9 advocat+ ! !ory ( ! physico-*emical orig9 ( life4 ,! atomic & electronic !ory ( matt] admits "o to a _w t does inde$ seem unreal & fanta/ic4 ,if my b>k s9ks1 says ! poet1 't is to ano!r sea4 ,if ! m9d breaks ?r\gh :at we call gross matt]1 & explores its int]ior1 x f9ds itself inde$ 9 a va/ "u or hidd5 _w--a _w almo/ z mu* a creation ( ! imag9ation z t visit$ by ,alice 9 ,wond]l&1 except t ! exi/5ce ( ?is _w is capable ( demon/ration4 ,x is a _w ( ! inf9itely little :i* sci5ce int]prets 9 t]ms ( ! inf9itely l>ge4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge sees ! molecul> spaces t sep>ate ! p>ticles ( any mat]ial body relatively l ! int]/ell> spaces t sep>ate ! heav5ly bodies4 ,j z all ! s-call$ solid matt] reveal$ by our a/ronomy is almo/ inf9itesimal comp>$ ) ! space ?r\gh :i* x is di/ribut$1 s ! electrons :i* compose ! matt] ) :i* we deal are comp>able to ! bodies ( ! sol> sy/em mov+ 9 va/ spaces4 ,x is inde$ a fanta/ic _w :]e sci5ce conceives ( bodies a ?\s& times small] ?an ! hydrog5 atom--! smalle/ body kn[n to sci5ce2 :]e x conceives ( vibrations 9 ! e!r millions ( millions times a second2 :]e we are bomb>d$ by a %[] ( corpuscles f a burn+ c&le1 or a gas-jet1 or a r$-hot iron surface1 mov+ at ! spe$ ( "o hundr$ ?\s& miles a second6 ,b ?is almo/ omnipot5t e!r has1 aft] all1 "s ( ! limitations ( ! f9ite4 ,x takes "t to transmit ! waves ( light f ! sun & ! />s4 ,?is measurable spe$1 says ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 gives ! e!r away1 & %[s its f9ite "*4 ,x seems z if ! !ory ( ! e!r mu/ be true1 because x fits 9 s well ) ! enigmatic1 contradictory1 incompreh5sible "* ( ! univ]se z reveal$ to our m9ds4 ,we c affirm & d5y almo/ any?+ ( ! e!r--t x is immat]ial1 & yet ! s\rce ( all mat]ial2 t x is absolutely motionless1 yet ! cause ( all motion2 t x is ! d5se/ body 9 nature1 & yet ! mo/ r>ifi$2 t x is ev]y:]e1 b defies detection2 t x is z undiscov]able z ! ,inf9ite itself2 t our physics _c prove x1 ?\gh !y _c get along )\t x4 ,! e!r inside a mass ( iron or ( lead is j z d5se z ! e!r outside ( x--:i* means t x is n d5se at all1 9 our ord9>y use ( ! t]m4 ,,vi ,!re are physical *anges 9 matt]1 !re are *emical *anges1 & !re is a ?ird *ange1 z unlike ei!r ( ^! z !y are unlike ea* o!r4 ,i ref] to atomic *ange1 z 9 radio-activity1 :i* gives u lead f helium--a spontane\s *ange ( ! atoms4 ,! en]gy t keeps ! e>? go+1 says ,soddy1 is to be s\ght = 9 ! individual atoms2 n 9 ! great heav5-%ak+ voice ( ?und]1 b 9 ! /ill small voice ( ! atoms4 ,radio-activity is ! ma9spr+ ( ! univ]se4 ,! only elem5ts s f> kn[n t und]go spontane\s *ange are uranium & ?orium4 ,"o p\nd ( uranium conta9s & sl[ly gives out ! same am\nt ( en]gy t a hundr$ tons ( coal evolves 9 its combu/ion1 b only "o t5-billion? "p ( ?is am\nt is giv5 out e ye>4 ,man1 ( c\rse1 reaps :]e he has n s[n4 ,h[ c\ld x be o!rwise8 ,x takes en]gy to s[ or plant en]gy4 ,we are exhau/+ ! coal1 ! natural gas1 ! petroleum ( ! rocks1 ! f]tility ( ! soil4 ,b we _c exhau/ ! en]gy ( ! w9ds or ! tides1 or ( fall+ wat]1 because ?is en]gy is ev] r5ew$ by gravity & ! sun4 ,!re c be no exhau/ion ( our natural me*anical & *emical res\rces1 z "s seem to fe>4 ,i rec5tly visit$ a not$ wat]fall 9 ! ,s\? :]e electric p[] is be+ develop$ on a l>ge scale4 ,a great column ( wat] makes a v]tical fall ( six hundr$ feet ?r\gh a /eel tube1 & 9 ! fall develops two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& horse-p[]4 ,! wat] comes out ( ! tunnel at ! bottom1 precisely ! same wat] t w5t 9 at ! top2 no *ange :atev] has occurr$ 9 x1 yet a va/ am\nt ( p[] has be5 tak5 out ( x1 or1 r1 g5]at$ by its fall4 ,ano!r drop ( six hundr$ feet w\ld develop z mu* m2 9 fact1 ! process may be repeat$ indef9itely1 ! same am\nt ( p[] result+ ea* "t1 )\t effect+ any *ange 9 ! "* ( ! wat]4 ,! pull ( gravity is ! s\rce ( ! p[] :i* is di/ribut$ hundr$s ( miles across ! c\ntry z electricity4 ,two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& invisible1 immat]ial1 noiseless horses are /ream+ along ^! wires ) incr$ible spe$ to d ! "w ( m5 & horses 9 widely sep>at$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,a riv] ( s& fall+ d[n ^? tubes1 if its p>ticles mov$ among !mselves ) ! same fre$om t ^? ( ! wat] d1 w\ld develop ! same p[]4 ,! attraction ( gravitation is n suppos$ to be electricity1 & yet "h out ( its pull ^u ! wat] comes ?is enorm\s voltage6 ,! fact t su* a my/]i\s & ubiquit\s p[] z electricity c be develop$ f ! action ( matt] )\t any alt]ation 9 its p>ticles1 sugge/s ! "q :e!r or n ?is some?+ t we call life1 or life-=ce1 may n slumb] 9 matt] 9 ! same way2 b ! secret ( its developm5t we h n yet le>n$1 z we h t ( electricity4 ,radio-activity is un9flu5c$ by ext]nal conditions2 h5ce we are ?us f> unable to control x4 ,no?+ t is kn[n w effect ! transmutation ( "o elem5t into ano!r4 ,x is spontane\s & uncontrollable4 ,may n life be spontane\s 9 ! same s5se8 ,! release ( ! en]gy associat$ ) ! /ructure ( ! atoms is n available by any ( our me*anical appliances4 ,! process ( radio-activity involves ! expulsion ( atoms ( helium ) a velocity ?ree hundr$ times great] ?an t ev] previ\sly kn[n = any mat]ial mass or p>ticle1 & ?is p[] we are incompet5t to use4 ,! atoms rema9 un*ang$ amid ! heat & pressure ( ! laboratory ( nature4 ,iron & oxyg5 & s =? rema9 ! same 9 ! sun z "h on ! e>?4 ,sci5ce /rips gross matt] ( its grossness4 ,:5 x is done ) x1 x is no long] ! ob/ructive some?+ we "k & h&le2 x is r$uc$ to pure en]gy--! l9e betwe5 x & _s does n exi/4 ,we h f\nd t bodies are opaque only to c]ta9 rays2 ! ,x-ray sees ?r\gh ?is too too solid fle%4 ,bodies are pond]able only to our dull s5ses2 to a f9] h& ?an ?is ! door or ! wall might (f] no ob/ruction2 a f9] eye ?an ?is might see ! emanations f ! liv+ body2 a f9] e> might he> ! cla% ( electrons 9 ! air4 ,:o c d\bt1 9 view ( :at we already "k1 t =ces & influ5ces f out ! heav5s above1 & f ! e>? b5ea?1 t are beyond our k51 play ^u u con/antly8 ,! f9al my/]y ( life is no d\bt involv$ 9 conditions & =ces t are q outside ( or beyond our consci\s life activities1 9 =ces t play ab\t u & ^u & ?r\gh u1 t we "k n (1 because a k ( !m is n necess>y to our well-be+4 ,our eye takes 9 only an octave ( ! vibrations we call light1 because no m is necess>y = our action or our deal+ ) ?+s4 ,! invisible rays ( ! spectrum are pot5t1 b !y are beyond ! k5 ( our s5ses4 ,!re are s\nds or s\nd vibrations t we d n he>2 our s5se ( t\* _c recognize a gossam]1 or ! g5tl] air movem5ts4 ,i began ) ! contemplation ( ! beauty & t]ror ( ! ?und]bolt--,god's autograph1 z "o ( our poets 7,joel ,b5ton7 said1 writt5 ^u ! sky4 ,let me end ) an allusion to ano!r aspect ( ! /orm t has no t]ror 9 x--! b[ 9 ! cl\ds3 a sudd5 app>ition1 a cosmic ph5om5on no less wond]ful & />tl+ ?an ! lightn+'s fla%4 ,! /orm ) t]ror & ?reat5$ de/ruction on "o side ( x1 & peace & promise on ! o!r6 ,! b[ appe>s l a miracle1 b x is a commonplace ( nature2 un/able z life1 & beautiful z y\?4 ,! ra9drops are n *ang$1 ! light is n *ang$1 ! laws ( ! /orms are n *ang$2 & yet1 behold ?is wond]6 ,b all ^! /range & beautiful ph5om5a spr++ up 9 a _w ( in]t matt] are b fa9t symbols ( ! my/]y & ! miracle ( ! *ange ( matt] f ! non-liv+ to ! liv+1 f ! elem5ts 9 ! clod to ! same elem5ts 9 ! bra9 & he>t ( man4 ,,iv ,,! ,,baffl+ ,,problem ,i ,/ill ! problem ( liv+ ?+s haunts my m9d &1 let me w>n my read]1 w cont9ue to haunt x ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ?is volume4 ,! f9al tru? ab\t x refuses to be spok54 ,e ef=t to d s b gives "o new evid5ce ( h[ insoluble ! problem is4 ,9 ?is _w ( *ange is !re any o!r *ange to be comp>$ ) t 9 matt]1 f ! dead to ! liv+8--a *ange s great t mo/ m9ds feel compell$ to g outside ( matt] & invoke "s sup]-mat]ial =ce or ag5t to acc\nt = x4 ,! lea/ ( liv+ ?+s is s wond]ful1 ! ph5om5a x exhibits are s fundam5tally unlike ^? ( in]t matt]1 t we inv5t a ^w = x1 vitality2 & hav+ got ! ^w1 we conceive ( a vital =ce or pr9ciple to expla9 vital ph5om5a4 ,h5ce vitalism--a philosophy ( liv+ ?+s1 m or less curr5t 9 ! _w f ,ari/otle's "t d[n to our own4 ,x conceives ( some?+ 9 nature sup]-me*anical & sup]-*emical1 ?\gh insep>ably b\nd up ) ^! ?+s4 ,!re is no life )\t mat]ial & *emical =ces1 b mat]ial & *emical =ces d n hold ! secret ( life4 ,?is is vitalism z oppos$ to me*anism1 or sci5tific mat]ialism1 :i* is ! doctr9e ( ! all-suffici5cy ( ! physical =ces op]at+ 9 ! inorganic _w to give rise to all ! ph5om5a ( ! organic _w--a doctr9e com+ m & m 9 vogue ) ! progress ( physical sci5ce4 ,)\t hold+ to any belief 9 ! sup]natural or ! teleological1 & :ile adh]+ to ! idea t !re has be51 & c be1 no break 9 ! causal sequ5ce 9 ?is _w1 may "o /ill hold to "s =m ( vitalism1 & see 9 life some?+ m ?an appli$ physics & *emi/ry8 ,is biology to be int]pret$ 9 ! same physical & *emical t]ms z geology8 ,are biophysics & geophysics "o & ! same8 ,"o may freely admit t !re _c be two k9ds ( physics1 nor two k9ds ( *emi/ry--n "o k9d = a rock1 & ano!r k9d = a tree1 or a man4 ,!re are n two species ( oxyg51 nor two ( c>bon1 nor two ( hydrog5 & nitrog5--"o = liv+ & "o = dead matt]4 ,! wat] 9 ! human body is precisely ! same z ! wat] t fl[s by 9 ! creek or t comes d[n :5 x ra9s2 & ! sulphur & ! lime & ! iron & ! phosphorus & ! magnesium are id5tical1 s f> z *emical analysis c reveal1 9 ! organic & ! inorganic worlds4 ,b are we n compell$ to ?9k ( a k9d ( diff]5ce betwe5 a liv+ & a non-liv+ body t we _c fit into any ( ! me*anical or *emical concepts t we apply to ! latt]8 ,pr(essor ,loeb1 ) 8 ,me*ani/ic ,conception ( ,life2 ,pr(essor ,h5d]son1 ( ,h>v>d1 ) 8 ,fitness ( ! ,environm5t2 ,pr(essor ,le ,dantec1 ( ! ,sorbonne 9 ,p>is1 ) 8 volume on ,! ,nature & ,orig9 ( ,life1 publi%$ a few ye>s s9ce2 ,pr(essor ,s*f]1 ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association1 ,pr(essor ,v]worn ( ,bonn1 & _m o!rs f9d 9 ! laws & prop]ties ( matt] itself a suffici5t explanation ( all ! ph5om5a ( life4 ,!y look ^u ! liv+ body z only ! sum ( its physical & *emical activities2 !y d n seem to feel ! ne$ ( acc\nt+ = life itself--= t some?+ :i* conf]s vitality ^u ! h]et(ore non-vital elem5ts4 ,t !re is new behavior1 t !re are new *emical comp\nds call$ organic1--t5s ( ?\s&s ( !m n f\nd 9 inorganic nature1--t !re are new processes set up 9 aggregates ( matt]1--gr[?1 assimilation1 metabolism1 reproduction1 ?\ght1 emotion1 sci5ce1 civilization1--no "o d5ies4 ,h[ are we go+ to get ^! ?+s out ( ! old physics & *emi/ry )\t "s new factor or ag5t or =ce8 ,to help ourselves out "h ) a vital pr9ciple1 or ) _s1 or a creative impulse1 z ,b]gson does1 seems to be ! only c\rse op5 to c]ta9 types ( m9d4 ,positive sci5ce _c foll[ u 9 ?is /ep1 because sci5ce is limit$ to ! v]ifiable4 ,! /ream ( =ces ) :i* x deals is cont9u\s2 x mu/ f9d ! physical equival5ts ( all ! =ces t g into ! body 9 ! output ( ! body1 & x _c admit ( a life =ce :i* x _c trace to ! physical =ces4 ,:at has sci5ce done to cle> up ?is my/]y ( vitality8 ,pr(essor ,loeb1 our mo/ em95t exp]im5tal biologi/1 has succe$$ 9 f]tiliz+ ! eggs ( "s l[ =ms ( sea life by artificial means2 & 9 "o in/ance1 at lea/1 x is report$ t ! fa!rless =m grew to maturity4 ,?is is c]ta9ly an int]e/+ fact1 b takes u no ne>] ! solution ( ! my/]y ( vitality ?an ! fact t c]ta9 *emical comp\nds may /imulate ! organs ( reproduction helps to cle> up ! my/]y ( g5]ation2 or ! fact t c]ta9 o!r *emical comp\nds help ! dige/ive & assimilative processes & fur!r ! metabolism ( ! body assi/s 9 cle>+ up ! my/]y t atta*es to ^! ?+s4 ,9 all su* cases we h ! liv+ body to beg9 )4 ,! egg ( ! sea-ur*9 & ! egg ( ! jelly-fi% are liv+ be+s t respond$ to c]ta9 *emical sub/ances1 s t a process is set go+ 9 _! cell life t is equival5t to f]tilization4 ,x seems to me t ! result ( all ,pr(essor ,loeb's valuable inquiries is only to give u a m intimate s5se ( h[ closely me*anical & *emical pr9ciples are associat$ & id5tifi$ ) all ! ph5om5a ( life & ) all animal behavior4 ,giv5 a liv+ organism1 me*anics & *emi/ry w !n expla9 mu* ( its behavior--practically all ! behavior ( ! l[] organisms1 & mu* ( t ( ! high]4 ,ev5 :5 we rea* man1 our reactions to ! environm5t & to circum/ances play a great "p 9 our lives2 b d>e we say t w1 lib]ty ( *oice1 ideation1 d n play a "p also8 ,h[ mu* reality !re is 9 ! s-call$ animal w1 is a problem2 b t !re is a f\ndation = our belief 9 ! reality ( ! human w1 ,i1 = "o1 d n = a mom5t d\bt4 ,! discont9uity "h is only app>5t & n real4 ,we meet ) ! same break :5 we try to get our m5tal /ates1 our p[] ( ?\ght--a poem1 a drama1 a "w ( art1 a great oration--out ( ! food we eat2 b life does x1 ?\gh our sci5ce is none ! wis] = x4 ,our physical life =ms a clos$ circle1 sci5ce says1 & :at goes into our bodies z physical =ce1 mu/ come out 9 physical =ce1 or z "s ( its equival5ts4 ,well1 "o ( ! equival5ts1 trans=m$ by "s unkn[n *emism )9 u1 is our psy*ic =ce1 or /ates ( consci\sness4 ,! two circles1 ! physical & ! psy*ical1 are n conc5tric1 z ,fiske fanci$1 b are l9k$ 9 "s my/]i\s way4 ,pr(essor ,loeb is a ma/] critic ( ! life processes2 he & 8 compe]s analyze !m z !y h nev] be5 analyz$ be=e2 b ! solution ( ! great problem ( life t we are await+ does n come4 ,a critic may resolve all ( ,%akespe>e's plays into _! hi/oric & o!r elem5ts1 b t w n acc\nt = ,%akespe>e4 ,nature's syn!sis furni%es occasions = our analysis4 ,mo/ assur$ly all psy*ic ph5om5a h a physical basis2 we "k ! s\l only ?r\gh ! body2 b t !y are all ( physico-*emical orig91 is ano!r matt]4 ,,ii ,biological sci5ce has hunt$ ! secret ( vitality l a detective2 & x has done "s fam\s "w2 b x has n yet unravel$ ! my/]y4 ,x kn[s well ! "p play$ by c>bon1 oxyg51 & hydrog5 9 organic *emi/ry1 t )\t wat] & c>bon dioxide !re c\ld be no life2 x kn[s ! "p play$ by light1 air1 heat1 gravity1 osmosis1 *emical aff9ity1 & all ! hundr$s or ?\s&s ( organic comp\nds2 x kn[s ! "p play$ by :at are call$ ! enzymes1 or f]m5ts1 9 all liv+ bodies1 b x does n "k ! secret ( ^! f]m5ts2 x kn[s ! "p play$ by colloids1 or jelly-l comp\nds1 t !re is no liv+ body )\t colloids1 ?\gh !re are colloid bodies t are n liv+2 x kn[s ! "p play$ by oxidation1 t )\t x a liv+ body ceases to function1 ?\gh ev]y:]e all ab\t u is oxidation )\t life2 x kn[s ! "p play$ by *lorophyll 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 & yet h[ *lorophyll works su* magic ^u ! sun's rays1 us+ ! sol> en]gy to fix ! c>bon ( c>bonic acid 9 ! air1 & !reby /or+ ?is en]gy z x is /or$ 9 wood & coal & 9 mu* ( ! food we consume1 is a my/]y4 ,*emi/ry _c repeat ! process 9 its laboratories4 ,! fungi d n possess ?is wond]ful *lorophyllian p[]1 & h5ce _c use ! sunbeam to snat* _! c>bon f ! air2 !y mu/ get x f decompos$ vegetable matt]2 !y fe$1 z ! animals d1 ^u elem5ts t h gone ?r\gh ! cycle ( vegetable life4 ,! secret ( vegetable life1 !n1 is 9 ! gre5 sub/ance ( ! leaf :]e sci5ce is p[]less to unlock x4 ,conjure ) ! elem5ts z x may1 x _c produce ! lea/ speck ( liv+ matt]4 ,x c by syn!sis produce _m ( ! organic comp\nds1 b only f matt] t has already be5 ?r\gh ! organic cycle4 ,x has lately produc$ rubb]1 b f o!r products ( vegetable life4 ,z soon z ! f\r pr9cipal elem5ts1 c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & nitrog51 t make up ! liv+ body1 h ent]$ ! _w ( liv+ matt]1 _! activities & possible comb9ations enorm\sly increase2 !y ent] into new relations ) "o ano!r & =m comp\nds ( great v>iety & complexity1 *>act]iz$ by ! in/ability :i* life requires4 ,! organic comp\nds are va/ly m s5sitive to light & heat & air ?an are ! same elem5ts 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,:at has happ5$ to !m8 ,*emi/ry _c tell u4 ,oxidation1 :i* is only sl[ combu/ion1 is ! ma9 s\rce ( en]gy 9 ! body1 z x is 9 ! /eam-eng9e4 ,! /or+ ( ! sol> en]gy1 :i* occurs only 9 ! vegetable1 is by a process ( r$uction1 t is1 ! sep>ation ( ! c>bon & oxyg5 9 c>bonic acid & wat]4 ,! *emical reactions :i* lib]ate en]gy 9 ! body are sl[2 9 dead matt] !y are rapid & viol5t1 or explosive & de/ructive4 ,x is ! *emi/ry 9 ! leaf ( ! plant t div]ts or draws ! sol> en]gy into ! /ream ( life1 & h[ x does x is a my/]y4 ,! sci5tific explanations ( life ph5om5a are all aft] ! fact2 !y d n acc\nt = ! fact2 !y />t ) ! ready-made organism & !n r$uce its activities & processes to _! physical equival5ts4 ,vitality is giv51 & !n ! vital processes are fitt$ into me*anical & *emical concepts1 or into m\lds d]iv$ f in]t matt]--n a difficult ?+ to d1 b no m an explanation ( ! my/]y ( vitality ?an a pa9t+ or a m>ble bu/ ( ,tyndall w\ld be an explanation ( t great sci5ti/4 ,all ,pr(essor ,loeb's exp]im5ts & criticisms ?r[ light ^u ! life processes1 or ^u ! factors t take "p 9 !m1 b n ^u ! secret ( ! g5esis ( ! processes !mselves4 ,amid all ! activities ( 8 me*anical & *emical factors1 !re is ev] pres5t a factor :i* he ignores1 :i* 8 analytical me?od _c seize2 namely1 :at ,v]worn calls ! specific en]gy ( liv+ sub/ance4 ,)\t ?is1 *emism & me*anism w\ld "w toge!r to q o!r ends4 ,! wat] 9 ! wave1 & ! laws t gov]n x1 d n diff] at all f ! wat] & its laws t surr\nd x2 b unless "o takes into acc\nt ! =ce t makes ! wave1 an analysis ( ! ph5om5a w leave "o :]e he began4 ,pr(essor ,le ,dantec leaves ! subject :]e he took x up1 ) ! orig9 ( life & ! life processes unacc\nt$ =4 ,8 "w is a description1 & n an explanation4 ,all our ideas ab\t vitality1 or an unkn[n factor 9 ! organic _w1 he calls my/ic & unsci5tific4 ,a %>p l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 liv+ & non-liv+ bodies is n p]missible4 ,?is1 he says1 is ! an?ropomorphic error :i* puts "s my/]i\s quality or =ce 9 all bodies consid]$ to be liv+4 ,to ,le ,dantec1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! quick & ! dead is ( ! same ord] z ! diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 two *emical comp\nds--= example1 z t :i* exi/s betwe5 alcohol & an aldehyde1 a liquid t has two less atoms ( hydrog5 9 its composition4 ,modify y\r *emi/ry a little1 add or subtract an atom or two1 m or less1 ( ?is or t gas1 & dead matt] ?rills into life1 or liv+ matt] s9ks to ! in]t4 ,9 o!r words1 life is ! gift ( *emi/ry1 its p>ticul> ess5ce is ( ! *emical ord]--a bold inf]5ce f ! fact t !re is no life )\t *emical reactions1 no life )\t oxidation4 ,yet *emical reactions 9 ! laboratory _c produce life4 ,) ,le ,dantec1 biology1 l geology & a/ronomy1 is only appli$ me*anics & *emi/ry4 ,,iii ,su* is ! result ( ! rigidly objective /udy ( life--! only me?od analytical sci5ce c pursue4 ,! conception ( vitality z a factor 9 itself answ]s to no?+ t ! objective /udy ( life c disclose2 su* a /udy reveals a clos$ circle ( physical =ces1 *emical & me*anical1 into :i* no immat]ial =ce or pr9ciple c f9d entrance4 ,! fact ( be+ consci\s1 ,le ,dantec says ) emphasis1 does n int]v5e 9 ! slighte/ degree 9 direct+ vital movem5ts4 ,b common s5se & ev]yday obs]vation tell u t /ates ( consci\sness d influ5ce ! bodily processes--influ5ce ! circulation1 ! dige/ion1 ! secretions1 ! respiration4 ,an objective sci5tific /udy ( a liv+ body yields results n unlike ^? :i* we might get f an objective /udy ( a book consid]$ z some?+ fabricat$--its mat]ials1 its con/ruction1 its typography1 its b9d+1 ! numb] ( its *apt]s & pages1 & s on--)\t giv+ any he$ to ! mean+ ( ! book--its ideas1 ! human s\l & p]sonality t x embodies1 ! occasion t gave rise to x1 inde$ all its subjective & immat]ial aspects4 ,all ^! ?+s1 ! :ole significance ( ! volume1 w\ld elude sci5tific analysis4 ,x w\ld seem to be a manufactur$ article1 repres5t+ only s mu* me*anics & *emi/ry4 ,x is ! same ) ! liv+ body4 ,unless we p]mit ourselves to g beh9d ! m]e facts1 ! m]e me*anics & *emi/ry ( life ph5om5a1 & int]pret !m 9 ! light ( immat]ial pr9ciples1 9 %ort1 unless we apply "s sort ( philosophy to !m1 ! result ( our analysis w be b du/ 9 our eyes1 & a%es 9 our m\?s4 ,unless !re is some?+ l m9d or intellig5ce p]vad+ nature1 "s creative & trans=m+ impulse t _c be def9$ by our me*anical concepts1 !n1 to me1 ! :ole organic _w is mean+less4 ,if man is n m ?an an accid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! !rmic evolution ( ! globe1 or ! result ( ! =tuit\s juxtaposition & comb9ation ( c>bonic acid gas & wat] & a few o!r elem5ts1 :at %all we say8 ,x is at lea/ a bewild]+ proposition4 ,c\ld "o by analyz+ a hive ( bees f9d out ! secret ( its organization--its unity z an aggregate ( liv+ insects8 ,behold its wond]ful economics1 its division ( labor1 its complex social /ructure1--! que51 ! work]s1 ! drones1--?\s&s ( bees )\t any head or code ( laws or direct+ ag5t1 all act+ z "o individual1 all liv+ & work+ = ! common good4 ,!re is no confusion or cross-purpose 9 ! hive4 ,:5 ! "t ( sw>m+ comes1 !y are all ( "o m9d & ! sw>m comes =?4 ,:o or :at decides :o %all /ay & :o %all g8 ,:5 ! honey supply fails1 or if x fail prematurely1 on acc\nt ( a dr\ght1 ! sw>m+ in/9ct is inhibit$1 & ! unhat*$ que5s are kill$ 9 _! cells4 ,:o or :at issues ! regicide ord]8 ,we c d no bett] ?an to call x ! ,_s ( ! ,hive1 z ,maet]l9ck has done4 ,x is a community ( m9d4 ,:at "o bee kn[s & feels1 !y all "k & feel at ! same in/ant4 ,some?+ l t is true ( a liv+ body2 ! cells are l ! bees3 !y "w toge!r1 !y build up ! tissues & organs1 "s are = "o ?+ & "s = ano!r1 ea* community ( cells plays its own "p1 & !y all pull toge!r = ! good ( ! :ole4 ,we c introduce cells & ev5 :ole organs1 = example a kidney f ano!r liv+ body1 & all goes well2 & yet we _c f9d ! seat ( ! organization4 ,c we d any bett] ?an to call x ! ,_s ( ! ,body8 ,,iv ,our ,fr5* biologi/ is ( ! op9ion t ! artificial production ( t m>vel ( m>vels1 ! liv+ cell1 w yet take place 9 ! laboratory4 ,b ! enlight5$ m9d1 he says1 does n ne$ su* pro( to be conv9c$ t !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 liv+ & non-liv+ matt]4 ,pr(essor ,h5d]son1 ?\gh an exp\nd] ( ! me*ani/ic !ory ( ! orig9 ( life1 admits t he does n "k ( a biological *emi/ to :om ! me*ani/ic orig9 ( a cell is sci5tifically imag9able4 ,l ,pr(essor ,loeb1 he />ts ) ! vital2 h[ he came by x we get no inkl+2 he confesses frankly t ! biological *emi/ _c ev5 face ! problem ( ! orig9 ( life4 ,he quotes ) approval a rem>k ( ,liebig's1 z report$ by ,"l ,kelv91 t he 7,liebig7 c\ld no m believe t a leaf or a fl[] c\ld be =m$ or c\ld gr[ by *emical =ces ?an a book on *emi/ry1 or on botany1 c\ld gr[ out ( dead matt]4 ,is n ?is conc$+ to ! vitali/s all t !y claim8 ,! cell is ! unit ( life2 all liv+ bodies are b va/ confrat]nities ( cells1 "s billions or trillions ( !m 9 ! human body2 ! cell builds up ! tissues1 ! tissues build up ! organs1 ! organs build up ! body4 ,n[ if x is n ?9kable t *emism c\ld beget a cell1 is x any m ?9kable t x c\ld build a liv+ tissue1 & !n an organ1 & !n ! body z a :ole8 ,if !re is an inscrutable some?+ at "w at ! />t1 :i* organizes t wond]ful piece ( vital me*anism1 ! cell1 is x any ! less op]ative ev] aft]1 9 all life processes1 9 all liv+ bodies & _! functions1--! vital z di/+ui%$ f ! me*anical & *emical8 ,giv5 ! cell1 & y h only to multiply x1 & organize ^! products into indu/rial communities1 & direct !m to specific ends1--c]ta9ly a task :i* we w\ld n assign to *emi/ry or physics any m ?an we w\ld assign to !m ! production ( a "w on *emi/ry or botany1--& y h all ! myriad =ms ( t]re/rial life4 ,! cell is ! p>5t ( e liv+ ?+ on ! globe2 & if x is un?9kable t ! mat]ial & irrational =ces ( in]t matt] c\ld produce x1 !n me*anics & *emi/ry mu/ play second fiddle 9 all t :irl & dance ( ! atoms t make up life4 ,& t is all ! vitali/s claim4 ,! physico-*emical =ces d play second fiddle2 t inexplicable some?+ t we call vitality dom9ates & leads !m4 ,true x is t a liv+ organism yields to sci5tific analysis only me*anical & *emical =ces--a fact :i* only limits ! range ( sci5tific analysis1 & :i* by no means exhau/s ! possibilities ( ! liv+ organism4 ,! prop]ties ( matt] & ! laws ( matt] are intimately relat$ to life1 yea1 are insep>able f x1 b !y are by no means ! :ole /ory4 ,pr(essor ,h5d]son repudiates ! idea ( any extra-physical influ5ce z be+ involv$ 9 ! processes ( life1 & yet conc$es t ! v f\ndation ( all liv+ matt]1 yea1 ! :ole liv+ univ]se 9 embryo--! cell--is beyond ! possibilities ( physics & *emi/ry alone4 ,me*anism & *emism are adequate to acc\nt = a/ronomy & geology1 & !re=e1 he ?9ks1 are suffici5t to acc\nt = biology1 )\t call+ 9 ! aid ( any ,b]gsonian life impulse4 ,/ill ^! =ces /& impot5t be=e t microscopic _w1 ! cell1 ! f\ndation ( all life4 ,our pr(essor makes ! provisional /atem5t1 n 9 ob$i5ce to 8 sci5ce1 b 9 ob$i5ce to 8 philosophy1 t some?+ m ?an me*anics & *emi/ry may h _h a h& 9 %ap+ ! univ]se1 "s primordial t5d5cy impress$ ^u or work+ 9 matt] j be=e me*anism beg9s to act--a necess>y & pre/abli%$ associate ( me*anism4 ,s t if we />t ) ! univ]se1 ) life1 & ) ?is t5d5cy1 me*anism w d all ! re/4 ,b ?is is n sci5ce1 ( c\rse1 because x is n v]ifiable2 x is practically ! philosophy ( ,b]gson4 ,! ca/-iron conclusions ( physical sci5ce d p9* ! ,h>v>d pr(essor a bit1 & he pads !m ) a little ( ! ,b]gsonian philosophy4 ,b]gson himself is n p9*$ at all by ! conclusions ( positive sci5ce4 ,he sees t we1 z human be+s1 _c live 9 ?is univ]se )\t supplem5t+ our sci5ce ) "s sort ( philosophy t w help u to escape f ! fatalism ( matt] & =ce into ! fre$om ( ! spiritual life4 ,if we are m]ely me*anical & *emical accid5ts1 all ! glory ( life1 all ! mean+ ( our moral & spiritual natures1 g by ! bo>d4 ,pr(essor ,h5d]son %[s u h[ well ?is planet1 ) its oceans & cont95ts1 & its me*anical & *emical =ces & elem5ts1 is suit$ to su/a9 life1 b he br+s u no ne>] ! solution ( ! my/]y ?an we 7 be=e4 ,8 title1 to beg9 )1 is r bewild]+4 ,has ! fitness ( ! environm5t ev] be5 que/ion$8 ,! environm5t is fit1 ( c\rse1 else liv+ bodies w\ld n be "h4 ,we are us$ to tak+ hold ( ! o!r end ( ! problem4 ,9 liv+ nature ! foot is made to fit ! %oe1 & n ! %oe ! foot4 ,! environm5t is ! m\ld 9 :i* ! liv+ organism is ca/4 ,h5ce1 x seems to me1 t seek+ to prove ! fitness ( ! environm5t is v mu* l seek+ to prove ! fitness ( wat] = fi% to swim 91 or ! fitness ( ! air = birds to fly 94 ,! implication seems to be made t ! environm5t anticipates ! organism1 or meets x half way4 ,b ! environm5t is r uncompromis+4 ,man alone modifies 8 environm5t by ! weapon ( sci5ce2 b n radically2 9 ! end he has to fit himself to x4 ,life has be5 able to adju/ itself to ! univ]sal =ces & s g along ) !m2 o!rwise we %\ld n be "h4 ,we may say1 humanly speak+1 t ! wat] is fri5dly to ! swimm]1 if he kn[s h[ to use x2 if n1 x is 8 deadly enemy4 ,! same is true ( all ! elem5ts & =ces ( nature4 ,:e!r !y be = or aga9/ u1 dep5ds ^u ourselves4 ,! w9d is nev] temp]$ to ! %orn lamb1 ! %orn lamb mu/ clo! itself aga9/ ! w9d4 ,life is adaptive1 & ?is faculty ( adaptation to ! environm5t1 ( itself takes x out ( ! category ( ! physico-*emical4 ,! riv]s & seas favor navigation1 if we h gumption en\gh to use & ma/] _! =ces4 ,! air is good to brea!1 & food to eat1 = ^? creatures t are adapt$ to !m4 ,b]gson ?9ks1 n )\t reason1 t life on o!r planets may be q diff]5t f :at x is on our own1 ow+ to a diff]5ce 9 *emical & physical conditions4 ,*ange ! *emical con/itu5ts ( sea wat]1 & y radically *ange ! l[] organisms4 ,) an atmosph]e entirely ( oxyg51 ! processes ( life w\ld g on m rapidly & p]haps rea* a high] =m ( developm5t4 ,life on ?is planet is limit$ to a c]ta9 r n>r[ range ( temp]ature2 ! span may be ! same 9 o!r worlds1 b f>!r up or f>!r d[n ! scale4 ,_h ! air be5 diff]5tly con/itut$1 w\ld n our lungs h be5 diff]5t8 ,! lungs ( ! fi% are 9 8 gills3 he has to filt] 8 air f a mu* heavi] m$ium4 ,! nose ( ! pig is fitt$ = root+2 %all we say1 !n1 t ! soil 0 made friable t pigs might root 9 x8 ,! webb$ foot is fitt$ to ! wat]2 %all we say1 !n1 t wat] is liquid 9 ord] t geese & ducks may swim 9 x8 ,"o m atom ( oxyg5 unit$ to ! two atoms t g to make ! molecule ( air1 & we %\ld h _h ozone in/ead ( ! air we n[ brea!4 ,h[ unsuit$ ?is w\ld h made ! air = life z we "k x6 ,oxidation w\ld h consum$ u rapidly4 ,life w\ld h met ?is extra atom by "s new device4 ,"o wi%es ,pr(essor ,h5d]son _h told u m ab\t h[ life fits itself to ! environm5t--h[ matt]1 mov$ & m\ld$ only by me*anical & *emical =ces1 yet has "s p[] ( *oice t a ma*9e does n h1 & c & does select ! environm5t be/ suit$ to its well-be+4 ,9 fact1 t x %\ld h1 or be capable (1 any condition ( well-be+1 if x is only a complex ( physical & *emical =ces1 is a problem to wre/le )4 ,! gr\nd we walk on is su* a complex1 b only ! liv+ bodies x supports h conditions ( well-be+4 ,pr(essor ,h5d]son conc$es v little to ! vitali/s or ! teleologi/s4 ,he is a ?or\gh me*ani/4 ,matt] & en]gy1 he says1 h an orig9al prop]ty1 assur$ly n by *ance1 :i* organizes ! univ]se 9 space & "t4 ,:]e or h[ matt] got ?is organiz+ prop]ty1 he (f]s no op9ion4 ,giv5 ! univ]se1 life1 & ! t5d5cy ! t5d5cy to organize1 me*anism is inductively prov$ suffici5t to acc\nt = all ph5om5a4 ,biology1 !n1 is only me*anics & *emi/ry engag$ 9 a new rle )\t any *ange ( "*2 b :at put !m up to ?is new rle8 ,! :ole evolution>y process1 bo? cosmic & organic1 is "o1 & ! biologi/ may n[ rightly reg>d ! univ]se 9 its v ess5ce z bioc5tric4 ,v ,ano!r ,h>v>d voice is less pron\nc$ 9 favor ( ! me*ani/ic conception ( life4 ,pr(essor ,r& ?9ks t 9 a me*anically det]m9$ univ]se1 our consci\s life becomes a mean+less replica ( an inexorable physical concat5ation--! s\l ! result ( a =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms4 ,h5ce all ! sci5ce & art & lit]ature & religion ( ! _w are m]ely ! result ( a molecul> accid5t4 ,dr4 ,r& himself1 9 wre/l+ ) ! problem ( organization 9 a late numb] ( ,sci5ce1 seems to hesitate :e!r or n to reg>d man z a molecul> accid5t1 an appe>ance pres5t$ to u by ! results ( ! curi\s accid5ts ( molecules--:i* is ess5tially ,pr(essor ,loeb's view2 or :e!r to look ^u ! liv+ body z ! result ( a specific some?+ t organizes1 t is1 ( dom9at+ organic ag5cies1 be !y psy*ic or sup]-mundane1 :i* dom9ate & det]m9e ! organization ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body into a :ole4 ,yet he is tr\bl$ ) ! idea t ?is specific some?+ may be no?+ m ?an accid5tal *emical peculi>ities ( cells4 ,b w\ld ^! accid5tal peculi>ities be con/ant8 ,d accid5ts happ5 millions ( times 9 ! same way8 ,! cell is )\t v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( turn+4 ,! cells are ! m9ute p t build up all liv+ =ms1 & :at prompts !m to build a man 9 ! "o case1 & ! man's dog 9 ano!r1 is ! my/]y t puzzles ,pr(essor ,r&4 ,tissue cells1 he says1 are n /ructures l /one blocks labori\sly c>v$ & immovably cem5t$ 9 place4 ,!y are r l ! local eddies 9 an ev]-fl[+ & ev]-*ang+ /ream ( fluids4 ,sub/ance :i* 0 at "o mom5t a "p ( a cell1 passes out & a new sub/ance ent]s4 ,:at is x t prev5ts ! local :irl 9 ?is un/able /ream f *ang+ its =m8 ,h[ is x t a million muscle cells rema9 alike1 collectively ready to respond to a n]ve impulse8 ,accord+ to "o view1 express$ by ,pr(essor ,r&1 ,organization is some?+ t we read into natural ph5om5a4 ,x is 9 itself no?+4 ,! alt]native view holds t !re is a specific organiz+ ag5t t br+s ab\t ! h>moni\s op]ation ( all ! organs & p>ts ( ! sy/em--a sup]ior dynamic =ce controll+ & guid+ all ! individual p>ts4 ,a mo/ det]m9$ & ?or\gh-go+ attempt to hunt d[n ! secret ( vitality1 & to det]m9e h[ f> its ph5om5a c be int]pret$ 9 t]ms ( me*anics & *emi/ry1 is to be f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,h4 ,w4 ,conn's volume entitl$ ,! ,liv+ ,ma*9e4 ,pr(essor ,conn ju/ifies 8 title by def9+ a ma*9e z a piece ( app>atus s design$ t x c *ange "o k9d ( en]gy into ano!r = a def9ite purpose4 ,( c\rse ! adjective liv+ takes x out ( ! category ( all m]e me*anical devices & makes x sup]-me*anical1 j z ,haeckel's application ( ! ^w liv+ to 8 inorganics 7liv+ inorganics71 takes !m out ( ! category ( ! inorganic4 ,9 e ma*9e1 prop]ly s call$1 all ! factors are kn[n2 b d we "k all ! factors 9 a liv+ body8 ,pr(essor ,conn applies 8 se>*+ analysis to mo/ ( ! functions ( ! human body1 to dige/ion1 to assimilation1 to circulation1 to respiration1 to metabolism1 & s on1 & he f9ds 9 e function some?+ t does n fall )9 8 category--"s =ce n me*anical nor *emical1 :i* he names vital4 ,9 foll[+ ! processes ( dige/ion1 all goes well ) 8 *emi/ry & 8 me*anics till he comes to ! absorption ( food-p>ticles1 or _! passage ?r\gh ! walls ( ! inte/9es into ! blood4 ,"h1 ! ord9>y physical =ces fail him1 & liv+ matt] comes to 8 aid4 ,! inn] wall ( ! inte/9e is n a lifeless membrane1 & osmosis w n solve ! my/]y4 ,!re is some?+ !re t seizes hold ( ! droplets ( oil by means ( little extrud$ processes1 & !n passes !m ?r\gh its own body to excrete !m on an inn] surface into ! blood-vessels4 ,?is fat absorption ?us appe>s to be a vital process & n "o simply controll$ by physical =ces l osmosis4 ,"h our explanation runs aga9/ :at we call 'vital p[]' ( ! ultimate elem5ts ( ! body4 ,pr(essor ,conn next analyzes ! processes ( circulation1 & 8 ready-made me*anical concepts c>ry him along swimm+ly1 till he tries to expla9 by !m ! beat+ ( ! he>t1 & ! contraction ( ! small blood-vessels :i* regulate ! blood-supply4 ,"h comes 9 play ! my/]i\s vital p[] aga94 ,he comes ^u ! same p[] :5 he tries to det]m9e :at x is t enables ! muscle-fibre to take f ! lymph ! mat]ial ne$$ = its use1 & to disc>d ! re/4 ,! fibre acts z if x knew :at x want$--a v unme*anical attribute4 ,!n ,pr(essor ,conn applies 8 me*anics & *emi/ry to ! respiratory process &1 ( c\rse1 makes out a v cle> case till he comes to ! removal ( ! wa/e1 or a%4 ,! /eam-eng9e _c remove its own a%2 ! liv+ ma*9e c4 ,mu* ( ?is a% takes ! =m ( urea1 & ! seiz+ ^u ! urea by ! kidney cells is a vital ph5om5on4 ,is n ! p]i/altic movem5t ( ! b[els1 by :i* ! solid matt] is remov$1 also a vital ph5om5on8 ,is n ! conception ( a pipe or a tube t =ces semi-fluid matt] along its holl[ int]ior1 by ! contraction ( its walls1 q beyond ! rea* ( me*anics8 ,! =ce is z me*anical z ! squeez+ ( ! bulb ( a syr+e by ! h&1 b 9 ! case ( ! inte/9es1 :at does ! squeez+8 ,! vital =ce8 ,:5 ! me*anical & *emical concepts are appli$ to ! ph5om5a ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 !y "w v well till we come to m5tal ph5om5a4 ,:5 we try to correlate physical en]gy ) ?\ght or consci\sness1 we are at ! end ( our te!r4 ,"h is a gulf we _c span4 ,! !ory ( ! ma*9e breaks d[n4 ,"s o!r =ce ?an mat]ial =ce is dem&$ "h1 namely1 psy*ical1--a =ce or pr9ciple q beyond ! sph]e ( ! analytic me?od4 ,h5ce ,pr(essor ,conn concludes t !re are vital factors & t !y are ! primal factors 9 ! organism4 ,! me*anical & *emical =ces are ! second>y factors4 ,x is ! primal factors t elude sci5tific analysis4 ,:y a muscle contracts1 or :y a gl& secretes1 or :y ! oxidation ( />* 9 ! liv+ ma*9e gives rise to motion1 gr[?1 & reproduction1 :ile if ! oxidation occurs 9 ! *emi/'s laboratory 444 x simply gives rise to heat1 are que/ions he _c answ]4 ,9 all 8 inquiries into ! p>ts play$ by me*anical & *emical laws 9 ! organism1 he is compell$ to assume z _! f\ndation ! simple vital prop]ties ( liv+ ph5om5a4 ,,vi ,x %\ld n surprise nor di/urb u t ! sci5tific int]pretation ( life leads to mat]ialism1 or to ! conviction ( ! all-suffici5cy ( ! me*anical & *emical =ces ( dead matt] to acc\nt = all liv+ ph5om5a4 ,x ne$ n surprise u because positive sci5ce1 z su*1 c deal only ) physical & *emical =ces4 ,if !re is any?+ 9 ?is univ]se besides physical & *emical =ce1 sci5ce does n "k x4 ,x does n "k x because x is absolutely beyond ! rea* ( its analysis4 ,:5 we g beyond ! sph]e ( ! concrete1 ! exp]im5tal1 ! v]ifiable1 only our philosophy c help u4 ,! _w )9 u1 ! _w ( psy*ic =ces1 is beyond ! k5 ( sci5ce4 ,x c analyze ! liv+ body1 trace all its vital processes1 resolve !m into _! me*anical & *emical equival5ts1 %[ u ! p>ts play$ by ! prim>y elem5ts1 ! "p play$ by ! enzymes1 or f]m5ts1 & ! l1 & yet x _c tell u ! secret ( life--( t :i* makes organic *emi/ry s va/ly diff]5t f inorganic4 ,x discloses to u ! wond]s ( ! cell--a _w ( my/]y by itself2 x analyzes ! animal body into organs1 & ! organs into tissues1 & ! tissues into cells1 b ! secret ( organization utt]ly baffles x4 ,aft] ,pr(essor ,wilson _h conclud$ 8 ma/]ly "w on ! cell1 he 0 =c$ to admit t ! f9al my/]y ( ! cell elud$ him1 & t 8 inve/igation on ! :ole seem$ to wid5 r ?an to n>r[ ! enorm\s gap t sep>ates ev5 ! l[e/ =ms ( life f ! inorganic _w4 ,all !re is outside ! sph]e ( physical sci5ce belongs to religion1 to philosophy1 to art1 to lit]ature4 ,huxley spoke /rictly & hone/ly z a man ( sci5ce1 :5 he relat$ consci\sness to ! body1 z ! s\nd ( a clock :5 x /rikes is relat$ to ! ma*9]y ( ! clock4 ,! sci5tific analysis ( a liv+ body reveals no?+ b ! action ( ! me*anical & *emical pr9ciples4 ,if y analyze x by fire or by cremation1 y get gases & vapors & m9]al a%1 t is all2 ! ma9 ?+ ab\t ! live body--its organization1 its life--y d n get4 ,( c\rse sci5ce kn[s ?is2 & to acc\nt = ?is miss+ some?+1 x philosophizes1 & relegates x to ! int]ior _w ( molecul> physics--x is all 9 ! way ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] 7 jo9$ or comp\nd$1 7 held toge!r 9 ! bonds ( molecul> matrimony4 ,:at factor or ag5t or intellig5ce is active or directive 9 ?is molecul> m>riage ( ! atoms1 sci5ce does n inquire4 ,only philosophy c deal ) t problem4 ,:at c sci5ce see or f9d 9 ! bra9 ( man t answ]s to ! s\l8 ,only c]ta9 movem5ts ( matt] 9 ! bra9 cortex4 ,:at diff]5ce does x f9d betwe5 in]t matt] & a liv+ organism8 ,only a va/ly m complex me*anics & *emi/ry 9 ! latt]4 ,a wide diff]5ce1 n ( k9d1 b ( degree4 ,! some?+ we call vitality1 t a *ild recognizes1 sci5ce does n f9d2 vitality is some?+ sui g5]is4 ,sci5tific analysis _c %[ u ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! g]m cell ( a />fi% & ! g]m cell ( a man2 & yet ?9k ( :at a _w ( diff]5ce is hidd5 9 ^? microscopic g]ms6 ,:at =ce is !re 9 in]t matt] t c build a ma*9e by ! adju/m5t ( p>ts to ea* o!r8 ,we c expla9 ! mo/ complex *emical comp\nds by ! action ( *emical =ces & *emical aff9ity1 b !y _c expla9 t adju/m5t ( p>ts to ea* o!r1 ! cord9ation ( _! activities t makes a liv+ ma*9e4 ,9 organiz$ matt] !re is some?+ t organizes4 ,! cell itself is an organization ( small] units1 & to drive or foll[ ! organiz+ pr9ciple into ! la/ hid+-place is pa/ ! p[] ( biological *emi/ry4 ,:at con/itutes ! guid+ =ce or pr9ciple ( a liv+ body1 adju/+ all its p>ts1 mak+ !m pull toge!r1 mak+ ( ! circulation "o sy/em 9 :i* ! he>t1 ! ve9s1 ! art]ies1 ! lungs1 all "w to "o common end1 cord9at+ sev]al diff]5t organs into a dige/ive sy/em1 & o!r p>ts into ! n]v\s sy/em1 is a my/]y t no objective analysis ( ! body c disclose4 ,to ref] vitality to complexity alone1 is to dodge ! "q4 ,multiply+ ! complexity ( a ma*9e1 say ( a wat*1 any conceivable numb] ( times w\ld n make x any ! less a ma*9e1 or *ange x f ! automatic ord] to ! vital ord]4 ,a motor-c> is a va/ly m complex me*anism ?an a :eelb>r[1 & yet x is n ! less a ma*9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an amoeba is a f> simpl] animal ?an a man1 & yet x is j z truly liv+4 ,to ref] life to complexity does n help u2 we want to "k :at lies back ( ! complexity--:at makes x a new species ( complexity4 ,we _c expla9 ! orig9 ( liv+ matt] by ! prop]ties :i* liv+ matt] possesses4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s t me*anics & *emi/ry _c expla93 ! relation ( ! psy*ical to ! physical ?r\gh ! law ( ! cons]vation & correlation ( =ces2 ! ag5t or pr9ciple t guides ! bl9d *emical & physical =ces s z to produce ! liv+ body2 & ! k9d ( =ces t h contribut$ to ! orig9 ( t morphological unit--! cell4 ,a ,we/]n univ]sity pr(essor 9 a rec5t essay s\nds q a diff]5t note on ?is subject f ! "o t comes to u f ,h>v>d4 ,says ,pr(essor ,otto ,c4 ,glas]1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 9 a rec5t issue ( ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly3 ,does n ! fitness ( liv+ ?+s2 ! fact t !y p]=m acts useful to !mselves 9 an environm5t :i* is con/antly %ift+1 & (t5 v h>%2 ! fact t 9 g5]al ev]y?+ dur+ developm5t1 dur+ dige/ion1 dur+ any ( ! complicat$ *a9s ( processes :i* we f9d1 happ5s at ! "r "t1 9 ! "r place1 & to ! prop] ext5t2 does n all ?is =ce u to believe t !re is involv$ some?+ m ?an m]e *emi/ry & physics8--some?+1 n consci\sness necess>ily1 yet its analogue--a vital x8 ,!re is ?is sugge/ive fact ab\t ^! rec5t biological exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,c>rel1 ( ! ,rockefell] ,in/itute3 !y seem to prove t ! life ( a man is n m]ely ! sum ( ! life ( ! myriad cells ( 8 body4 ,/ab ! man to dea?1 & ! cells ( 8 body /ill live & w cont9ue to live if graft$ ^u ano!r live man4 ,probably e "p ( ! body w\ld cont9ue to live & gr[ indef9itely1 9 ! prop] m$ium4 ,t ! cell life %\ld cont9ue aft] ! s\l life has ceas$ is v significant4 ,x seems a legitimate inf]5ce f ?is fact t ! human body is ! organ or in/rum5t ( "s ag5t t is n ( ! body4 ,! functional or physiological life ( ! body z a :ole1 also seems q indep5d5t ( our consci\s volitional or psy*ic life4 ,t :i* repairs & r5ews ! body1 heals its w\nds1 controls & coord9ates its p>ts1 adapts x to its environm5t1 c>ries on its processes dur+ sleep1 9 fact 9 all our involunt>y life1 seems q indep5d5t ( ! man himself4 ,is ! _s ( a race or a nation1 or ( ! times 9 :i* we live1 ano!r illu/ration ( ! same my/]i\s entity8 ,if ! vital pr9ciple1 or vital =ce1 is a fiction1 inv5t$ to give ! m9d some?+ to take hold (1 we are 9 no worse case ?an we are 9 "s o!r matt]s4 ,sci5ce tells u t !re is no su* ?+ z heat1 or light2 ^! are only modes ( activity 9 matt]4 ,9 ! same way we seem =c$ to ?9k ( life1 vitality1 z an entity--a fact z real z electricity or light1 ?\gh x may be only a mode ( motion4 ,x may be ( physico-*emical orig91 z mu* s z heat1 or light2 & yet x is some?+ z di/9ctive z !y are among mat]ial ?+s1 & is involv$ 9 ! same my/]y4 ,is magnetism or gravitation a real ?+8 or1 9 ! moral _w1 is love1 *>ity1 or consci\sness itself8 ,! _w seems to be run by non5tities4 ,heat1 light1 life1 seem non5tities4 ,t :i* organizes ! diff]5t p>ts or organs ( ! human body into a unit1 & makes ( ! _m organs "o organism1 is a non5tity4 ,t :i* makes an oak an oak1 & a p9e a p9e1 is a non5tity4 ,t :i* makes a %eep a %eep1 & an ox an ox1 is to sci5ce a non5tity4 ,to physical sci5ce ! s\l is a non5tity4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! cells ( ! muscles t makes !m contract1 & 9 ! cells ( ! he>t t makes x beat2 t some?+ is n active 9 ! o!r cells ( ! body4 ,b x is a non5tity4 ,! body is a ma*9e & a laboratory comb9$1 b t :i* cord9ates !m & makes !m "w toge!r--:at is t8 ,ano!r non5tity4 ,t :i* di/+ui%es a liv+ ma*9e f a dead ma*9e1 sci5ce has no "n =1 except molecul> attraction & repulsion1 & ^! are names m]ely2 !y are non5tities4 ,is !re n molecul> attraction & repulsion 9 a /eam-eng9e also8 ,& yet x is n alive4 ,:at has to supplem5t ! me*anical & ! *emical to make matt] alive8 ,we h no "n = x b ! vital1 be x an entity or a non5tity4 ,we h no "n = a fla% ( lightn+ b electricity1 be x an entity or a non5tity4 ,we h no "n = t :i* di/+ui%es a man f a brute1 b m9d1 s\l1 be x an entity or a non5tity4 ,we h no "n = t :i* di/+ui%es ! organic f ! inorganic b vitality1 be x an entity or a non5tity4 ,,vii ,)\t metaphysics we c d no?+2 )\t m5tal concepts1 :]e are we8 ,natural selection is z mu* a metaphysical phrase z is consci\sness1 or ! subjective & ! objective4 ,natural selection is n an entity1 x is a "n = :at we conceive ( z a process4 ,x is natural rejection z well4 ,! vital pr9ciple is a metaphysical concept2 s is in/9ct2 s is reason2 s is ! s\l2 s is ,god4 ,_m ( our concepts h be5 wrong4 ,! concept ( wit*es1 ( disease z ! "w ( evil spirits1 ( fam9e & pe/il5ce z ! visitation ( ! wra? ( ,god1 & ! l1 7 unf\nd$4 ,sci5ce sets u "r ab\t all su* matt]s4 ,x corrects our philosophy1 b x _c disp5se ) ! philosophical attitude ( m9d4 ,! philosophical mu/ supplem5t ! exp]im5tal4 ,9 fact1 9 consid]+ ?is "q ( life1 x is ab\t z difficult = ! unsci5tific m9d to get along )\t po/ulat+ a vital pr9ciple or =ce--:i*1 ,huxley says1 is analog\s to ! idea ( a pr9ciple ( aquosity 9 wat]--z x is to walk ^u ! air1 or to hang "o's coat ^u a sunbeam4 ,x seems z if some?+ mu/ brea! ^u ! dead matt]1 z at ! fir/1 to make x live4 ,yet if !re is a di/9ct vital =ce x mu/ be correlat$ ) physical =ce1 x mu/ be relat$ causally to ! re/4 ,! idea ( a vital =ce z some?+ new & di/9ct & inject$ into matt] f )\t at a giv5 "t & place 9 ! e>?'s hi/ory1 mu/ und\bt$ly be giv5 up4 ,in/ead ( escap+ f me*anism1 ?is notion surr5d]s "o into ! h&s ( me*anism1 s9ce to supplem5t or re9=ce a pr9ciple ) "s o!r pr9ciple f )\t1 is /rictly a me*anical proc$ure4 ,b ! conception ( vitality z pot5tial 9 matt]1 or ( ! :ole univ]se z p]meat$ ) _s1 :i* to me is ! same ?+1 is a conception t takes life out ( ! categories ( ! =tuit\s & ! automatic4 ,no d\bt b t all ?+s 9 ! mat]ial _w are causally relat$1 no d\bt ( ! con/ancy ( matt] & =ce1 no d\bt b t all ph5om5a are ! result ( natural pr9ciples1 no d\bt t ! liv+ arose f ! non-liv+1 no d\bt t ! evolution process 0 inh]5t 9 ! con/itution ( ! _w2 & yet !re is a my/]y ab\t x all t is insoluble4 ,! miracle ( vitality takes place beh9d a veil t we _c p5etrate1 9 ! inmo/ sanctu>y ( ! molecules ( matt]1 9 t invisible1 imag9>y _w on ! bord]l& betwe5 ! mat]ial & ! immat]ial4 ,we may fancy t x is "h t ! psy*ical effects its entrance into ! physical--t _s w$s matt]--t ! creative en]gy k9dles ! sp>k we call vitality4 ,at any rate1 vitality evid5tly beg9s 9 t inn] _w ( atoms & molecules2 b :e!r z ! result ( _! peculi> & v complex comp\nd+ or z ! cause ( ! comp\nd+--h[ are we ev] to "k8 ,is x n j z sci5tific to po/ulate a new pr9ciple1 ! pr9ciple ( vitality1 z to po/ulate a new process1 or a new behavior ( an old pr9ciple8 ,9 ei!r case1 we are 9 ! _w ( ! unv]ifiable2 we take a /ep 9 ! d>k4 ,mo/ ( u1 ,i fancy1 w sympa?ize ) ,george ,eliot1 :o says 9 "o ( h] lett]s3 ,to me ! ,developm5t ,!ory1 & all o!r explanations ( processes by :i* ?+s came to be1 produce a feeble impression comp>$ ) ! my/]y t lies "u ! processes4 ,v ,,sci5tific ,,vitalism ,i ,all liv+ bodies1 :5 life leaves !m1 g back to ! e>? f :5ce !y came4 ,:at 0 x 9 ! fir/ in/ance t ga!r$ _! elem5ts f ! e>? & built !m up into su* wond]ful me*anisms8 ,if we say x 0 nature1 d we mean by nature a physical =ce or an immat]ial pr9ciple8 ,did ! e>? itself br+ =? a man1 or did some?+ brea! ^u ! in]t clay till x became a liv+ _s8 ,z life is a physical ph5om5on1 appe>+ 9 a concrete physical _w1 x is1 to t ext5t1 )9 ! doma9 ( physical sci5ce1 & appeals to ! sci5tific m9d4 ,physical sci5ce is at home only 9 ! exp]im5tal1 ! v]ifiable4 ,its doma9 ends :]e t ( philosophy beg9s4 ,! "q ( h[ life arose 9 a univ]se ( dead matt] is j z baffl+ a "q to ! ord9>y m9d1 z h[ ! univ]se itself arose4 ,if we assume t ! g]ms ( life drift$ to u f o!r sph]es1 propell$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 or "s o!r cele/ial ag5cy1 z c]ta9 mod]n sci5tific philosoph]s h assum$1 we h only remov$ ! my/]y f>!r away f u4 ,if we assume t x came by spontane\s g5]ation1 z ,haeckel & o!rs assume1 !n we are only cutt+ a knot :i* we _c untie4 ,! god ( spontane\s g5]ation is z miracul\s z any o!r god4 ,we _c break ! causal sequ5ce )\t a miracle4 ,if some?+ came f no?+1 !n !re is n only ! end ( ! problem1 b also ! end ( our boa/$ sci5ce4 ,sci5ce is at home 9 discuss+ all ! mat]ial manife/ations ( life--! p>ts play$ by colloids & f]m5ts1 by fluids & gases1 & all ! organic comp\nds1 & by me*anical & *emical pr9ciples2 x may analyze & tabulate all life processes1 & %[ ! liv+ body z a mo/ wond]ful & complex piece ( me*anism1 b be=e ! "q ( ! orig9 ( life itself x /&s dumb1 &1 :5 speak+ ?r\gh su* a man z ,tyndall1 x also /&s humble & rev]5t4 ,aft] ,tyndall _h1 to 8 own satisfaction1 r$uc$ all l ph5om5a to me*anical attraction & repulsion1 he /ood ) uncov]$ head be=e :at he call$ ! my/]y & miracle ( vitality4 ,! my/]y & miracle lie 9 ! fact t 9 ! organic _w ! same elem5ts comb9e ) results s diff]5t f ^? ( ! inorganic _w4 ,some?+ seems to h inspir$ !m ) a new purpose4 ,9 ! inorganic _w1 ! prim>y elem5ts g _! ceaseless r\nd f comp\nd to comp\nd1 f solid to fluid or gase\s1 & back aga91 =m+ ! _w ( in]t matt] z we "k x1 b 9 ! organic _w ! same elem5ts =m ?\s&s ( new comb9ations unkn[n to !m be=e1 & ?us give rise to ! myriad =ms ( life t inhabit ! e>?4 ,! mu*-debat$ life "q has lately f\nd an int]e/+ expon5t 9 ,pr(essor ,b5jam9 ,moore1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,liv]pool4 ,8 volume on ! subject 9 ! ,home ,univ]sity ,libr>y is v readable1 &1 9 _m respects1 conv9c+4 ,at lea/1 s f> z x is ! ^w ( exact sci5ce on ! subject x is conv9c+2 s f> z x is speculative1 or philosophical1 x is or is n conv9c+1 accord+ to ! type ( m9d ( ! read]4 ,pr(essor ,moore is n a bald me*ani/ or mat]iali/ l ,pr(essor ,loeb1 or ,ern/ ,haeckel1 nor is he an ideali/ or spirituali/1 l ,h5ri ,b]gson or ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge4 ,he may be call$ a sci5tific vitali/4 ,he keeps close to l9es ( sci5tific rese>* z ^! l9es lead him ?r\gh ! maze ( ! primordial elem5ts ( matt]1 f electron to atom1 f atom to molecule1 f molecule to colloid1 & s up to ! bord] ( ! liv+ _w4 ,8 analysis ( ! processes ( molecul> physics z !y appe> 9 ! organism leads him to recognize & to "n a new =ce1 or a new manife/ation ( =ce1 :i* he hesitates to call vital1 because ( ! associations ( ?is t]m ) a presci5tific age1 b :i* he calls biotic en]gy4 ,biotic en]gy is peculi> to liv+ bodies1 & !re are precisely ! same crit]ia = its exi/5ce1 says ,pr(essor ,moore1 z = ! exi/5ce ( any "o ( ! inorganic en]gy types1 viz41 a set ( discrete ph5om5a2 & its nature is z my/]i\s to u z ! cause ( any "o ( ^! inorganic =ms ab\t :i* also we "k s little4 ,x is biotic en]gy :i* guides ! developm5t ( ! ovum1 :i* regulates ! ex*anges ( ! cell1 & causes su* ph5om5a z n]ve impulse1 muscul> contraction1 & gl& secretion1 & x is a =m ( en]gy :i* arises 9 colloidal /ructures1 j z magnetism appe>s 9 iron1 or radio-activity 9 uranium or radium1 & 9 its manife/ations x und]goes ex*anges ) o!r =ms ( en]gy1 9 ! same mann] z ^! d among "o ano!r4 ,l ,pr(essor ,h5d]son1 ,pr(essor ,moore conc$es to ! vitali/s ab\t all !y claim--namely1 t !re is "s =m ( =ce or manife/ation ( en]gy peculi> to liv+ bodies1 & "o t _c be adequately describ$ 9 t]ms ( physics & *emi/ry4 ,pr(essor ,moore says ?is biotic en]gy arises 9 colloidal /ructures1 & s f> z bio*emi/ry c make out1 arises spontane\sly & gives rise to t m>vel\s bit ( me*anism1 ! cell4 ,9 ! cell appe>s a =m ( en]gy unkn[n outside life processes :i* leads ! mazy dance ( life f po9t to po9t1 ea* new developm5t furni%+ a />t+ po9t = ! next "o4 ,x n only leads ! dance along our own l9e ( desc5t f our remote ance/ors--x leads ! dance along ! long road ( evolution f ! fir/ unicellul> =m 9 ! dim palozoic seas to ! complex & highly specializ$ =ms ( our own day4 ,! secret ( ?is life =ce1 or biotic en]gy1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,moore1 is 9 ! keep+ ( matt] itself4 ,! /eps or /ages f ! dep?s ( matt] by :i* life arose1 lead up f t imag9>y some?+1 ! electron1 to ! inorganic colloids1 or to ! cry/allo-colloids1 :i* are ! ?re%old ( life1 ea* /age %[+ "s new trans=mation ( en]gy4 ,!re mu/ be an all-pot5t en]gy trans=mation be=e we c get *emical en]gy out ( physical en]gy1 & !n biotic en]gy out ( *emical en]gy4 ,?is trans=mation ( inorganic en]gy into life en]gy _c be trac$ or repeat$ 9 ! laboratory1 yet sci5ce believes ! secret w sometime be 9 its h&s4 ,x is "h t ! mat]iali/ic philosoph]s1 su* z ,pr(essors ,moore & ,loeb1 diff] f ! spirituali/ic philosoph]s1 su* z ,b]gson1 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 ,pr(essor ,?ompson1 & o!rs4 ,pr(essor ,moore has no sympa?y ) ^? n>r[ me*ani/ic views t see 9 ! life processes no problems save ^? ( *emi/ry & physics4 ,ea* l9k 9 ! liv+ *a9 may be physico-*emical1 b ! *a9 z a :ole1 & its purpose1 is some?+ else4 ,he draws an analogy f ! production ( music 9 :i* purely physical factors are conc]n$2 ! laws ( h>monics acc\nt = all2 b back ( all is some?+ t is n me*anical & *emical--!re is ! m9d ( ! compos]1 & ! p]=m]s1 & ! auditors1 & some?+ t takes cognizance ( ! :ole effect4 ,a complete human philosophy _c be built ^u physical sci5ce alone4 ,he ?9ks ! evolution ( life f in]t matt] is ( ! same type z ! evolution ( "o =m ( matt] f ano!r1 or ! evolution ( "o =m ( en]gy f ano!r--a my/]y1 to be sure1 b little m />tl+ 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,! fundam5tal my/]y lies 9 ! exi/5ce ( ^? entities1 or ?+s1 :i* we call matt] & en]gy1 out ( ! play & int]action ( :i* all life ph5om5a h aris54 ,organic evolution is a s]ies ( en]gy ex*anges & trans=mations f l[] to high]1 b sci5ce is p[]less to g beh9d ! ph5om5a pres5t$ & "n or v]ify ! und]ly+ my/]y4 ,only philosophy c d ?is4 ,& ,pr(essor ,moore turns philosoph] :5 he says !re is beauty & design 9 x all1 & an et]nal purpose :i* is ev] progress+4 ,b]gson sets =? 8 views ( evolution 9 t]ms ( lit]ature & philosophy4 ,pr(essor ,moore embodies simil> views 9 8 volume1 set =? 9 t]ms ( molecul> sci5ce4 ,bo? make evolution a creative & a cont9u\s process4 ,b]gson lays ! emphasis ^u ! cosmic _s int]act+ ) matt]4 ,pr(essor ,moore lays ! emphasis ^u ! indwell+ pot5cies ( matt] itself 7probably ! same _s conceiv$ ( 9 diff]5t t]ms74 ,pr(essor ,moore philosophizes z truly z does ,b]gson :5 he says !re mu/ exi/ a :ole _w ( liv+ creatures :i* ! microscope has nev] %[n u1 lead+ up to ! bact]ia & ! protozoa4 ,! br9k ( life lies n at ! production ( protozoa & bact]ia1 :i* are highly develop$ inhabitants ( our _w1 b away d[n among ! colloids2 & ! beg9n+ ( life 0 n a =tuit\s ev5t occurr+ millions ( ye>s ago & nev] aga9 repeat$1 b "o :i* 9 its primordial /ages keeps on repeat+ itself all ! "t 9 our g5]ation4 ,s t if all intellig5t creatures 7 by "s holocau/ de/roy$1 up out ( ! dep?s 9 process ( millions ( ye>s1 intellig5t be+s w\ld once m em]ge4 ,?is passage %[s :at a speculative leap or flight ! sci5tific m9d is at times compell$ to take :5 x v5tures beyond ! b\nds ( positive me?ods4 ,x is good philosophy1 ,i hope1 b we _c call x sci5ce4 ,?rill$ ) cosmic emotion1 ,walt ,:itman made a simil> d>+ ass]tion3-- ,!re is no /oppage1 & nev] c be /oppage1 ,if ,i1 y1 & ! worlds1 & all b5ea? or ^u _! surfaces1 7 ?is mom5t r$uc$ back to a pallid float1 x w\ld n avail 9 ! long run1 ,we %\ld surely br+ up aga9 :]e we n[ /&1 ,& surely g z mu* f>!r1 & !n f>!r & f>!r4 ,,ii ,evolution is creative1 :e!r x works 9 matt]--z ,b]gson describes1 or :e!r its pa? lies up ?r\gh electrons & atoms & molecules1 z ,pr(essor ,moore describes4 ,!re is some?+ t creates & makes matt] pla/ic to its w4 ,:e!r we call matt] ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god1 z ,goe! did1 or a res]voir ( creative en]gy1 z ,tyndall & 8 s*ool did1 & z ,pr(essor ,moore /ill does1 we are pay+ homage to a p[] t is sup]-mat]ial4 ,life came to our e>?1 says ,pr(essor ,moore1 ?r\gh a well-regulat$ ord]ly developm5t1 & x comes to e "m e>? ( ! univ]se 9 ! maturity ( h] creation :5 ! conditions arrive )9 suitable limits4 ,t no intellig5t be+s appe>$ ^u ! e>? = millions ^u millions ( ye>s1 t = :ole geologic ages !re 0 no creature ) m bra9s ?an a snail possesses1 %[s ! almo/ inf9itely sl[ progress ( developm5t1 & t !re has be5 no arbitr>y or high-h&$ ex]cise ( creative p[]4 ,! univ]se is n run on pr9ciples ( mod]n bus9ess effici5cy1 & man is at ! head ( liv+ =ms1 n by ! fiat ( "s omnipot5t p[]1 "s sup]man1 b z ! result ( ! op]ation ( =ces t balk at no delay1 or wa/e1 or failure1 & t are dep5d5t ^u ! inf9itely sl[ rip5+ & amelioration ( bo? cosmic & t]re/rial conditions4 ,we d n get rid ( ,god by any su* dictum1 b we get rid ( ! an?ropomorphic views :i* we h s long be5 wont to read into ! processes ( nature4 ,we dehumanize ! univ]se1 b we d n r5d] x ! less gr& & my/]i\s4 ,pr(essor ,moore po9ts out to u h[ life came to a cool+ planet z soon z ! temp]ature became l[ en\gh = c]ta9 *emical comb9ations to appe>4 ,!re mu/ fir/ be oxides & sal9e comp\nds1 !re mu/ be c>bonates ( calcium & magnesium1 & ! l4 ,z ! temp]ature falls1 m & m complex comp\nds1 su* z life requires1 appe>2 till1 9 due "t1 c>bon dioxide & wat] are at h&1 & life c make a />t4 ,at ! :ite heat ( "s ( ! fix$ />s1 ! prim>y *emical elem5ts are n yet evolv$2 b m & m elem5ts appe>1 & m & m complex comp\nds are =m$ z ! cool+ process progresses4 ,?is note _c be too /rongly s\nd$1 t z matt] is all[$ capacity = assum+ complex =ms1 ^? complex =ms appe>4 ,z soon z oxides c be !re1 oxides appe>2 :5 temp]ature admits ( c>bonates1 !n c>bonates are =?) =m$4 ,^! are exp]im5ts :i* any *emi/ c to-day repeat 9 a crucible4 ,& on a cool+ planet1 z soon z temp]ature w admit ! pres5ce ( life1 !n life appe>s1 z ! evid5ce ( geology %[s u4 ,:5 we speak ( ! beg9n+ ( life1 x is n cle> j :at we mean4 ,! unit ( all organiz$ bodies is ! cell1 b ! cell is itself an organiz$ body1 & mu/ h organic matt] to fe$ ^u4 ,h5ce ! cell is only a m complex =m ( m primitive liv+ matt]4 ,z we g d[n ! scale t[>d ! inorganic1 c we f9d ! po9t :]e ! liv+ & ! non-liv+ meet & become "o8 ,life _h to surge a long way up f ! dep?s be=e a gre5 plant cell came into be+4 ,:5 ! gre5 plant cell 0 f\nd1 life 0 fairly laun*$4 ,?is plant cell1 9 ! =m ( *lorophyll1 by ! aid ( wat] & ! trace ( c>bon dioxide 9 ! air1 began to /ore up ! sol> en]gy 9 fruit & gra9 & woody tissue1 & ?us furni% p[] to run all =ms ( life ma*9]y4 ,! mat]iali/s or naturali/s are "r 9 urg+ t we live 9 a mu* m wond]ful univ]se ?an we h ev] imag9$1 & t 9 matt] itself sleep pot5cies & possibilities n dreamt ( 9 our philosophy4 ,! _w ( complex ?\gh invisible activities :i* sci5ce reveals all ab\t u1 ! sol> & /ell> en]gies ra9+ ^u u f above1 ! t]re/rial en]gies & influ5ces play+ ?r\gh u f bel[1 ! trans=mations & transmutations tak+ place on e h&1 ! t]rible al]tness & pot5cy ( ! _w ( in]t matt] z reveal$ by a fla% ( lightn+1 ! my/]ies ( *emical aff9ity1 ( magnetism1 ( radio-activity1 all po9t to deep b5ea? deep 9 matt] itself4 ,x is little wond] t m5 :o dwell habitually ^u ^! ?+s & are saturat$ ) ! _s & traditions ( laboratory inve/igation1 %\ld believe t 9 "s way matt] itself holds ! my/]y ( ! orig9 ( life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a diff]5t type ( m9d1 ! m imag9ative1 arti/ic1 & religi\s type1 recoils f ! mat]iali/ic view4 ,! sun is ! s\rce ( all t]re/rial en]gy1 b ! diff]5t =ms t en]gy takes--9 ! plant1 9 ! animal1 9 ! bra9 ( man--?is type ( m9d is b\nd to ask que/ions ab\t t4 ,gravity pulls matt] d[n2 life lifts x up2 *emical =ces pull x to pieces2 vital =ces draw x toge!r & organize x2 ! w9ds & ! wat]s dissolve & scatt] x2 vegetation recaptures & integrates x & gives x new qualities4 ,at e turn1 m9ds l t ( ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge are compell$ to ?9k ( life z a pr9ciple or =ce do+ some?+ ) matt]4 ,! physico-*emical =ces w n d 9 ! h&s ( man :at !y d 9 ! h&s ( ,nature4 ,su* m9ds1 !re=e1 feel ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t some?+ :i* we call ! h&s ( ,nature1 plays a "p--"s pr9ciple or =ce :i* ! h&s ( man d n hold4 ,,vi ,a ,,bird ,,( ,,passage ,i ,!re is "o phase ( ! mu*-discuss$ "q ( ! nature & orig9 ( life :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 has n be5 consid]$ ei!r by ^? :o hold a brief = ! physico-*emical view or by ^? :o /& = "s =m ( vitalism or idealism4 ,i ref] to ! small "p t life plays 9 ! total s*eme ( ?+s4 ,! great cosmic ma*9e w\ld g on j z well )\t x4 ,its relation to ! :ole appe>s to be little diff]5t f t ( a man to ! tra9 9 :i* he j\rneys4 ,life rides on ! me*anical & *emical =ces1 b x does n seem to be a "p ( !m1 nor id5tical ) !m1 because !y 7 be=e x1 & w cont9ue aft] x is gone4 ,! ev]la/+1 all-inclusive ?+ 9 ?is univ]se seems to be in]t matt] ) ! en]gy x holds2 :ile ! slight1 flitt+1 casual ?+ seems to be liv+ matt]4 ,! inorganic is f all et]nity to all et]nity2 x is di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t all space & endures ?r\gh all "t1 :ile ! organic is1 9 comp>ison1 only ( ! "h & ! n[2 x 0 n "h ye/]day1 & x may n be "h to-morr[2 x comes & goes4 ,life is l a bird ( passage :i* alights & t>ries = a "t & is gone1 & ! places :]e x p]*$ & ne/$ & l$ =? its brood "k x no m4 ,app>5tly x flits f _w to _w z ! great cosmic spr+ comes to ea*1 & dep>ts z ! cosmic w9t] returns to ea*4 ,x is a visitor1 a migrant1 a frail1 timid ?+1 :i* waits ^u ! seasons & flees f ! com+ tempe/s & vicissitudes4 ,h[ casual1 unc]ta91 & inconsequ5tial ! vital ord] seems 9 our own sol> sy/em--a m]e incid5t or by-product 9 its cosmic evolution6 ,a/ronomy s\nds ! dep?s ( space1 & sees only me*anical & *emical =ces at "w !re4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t only a small fraction ( ! planet>y surfaces is ! abode ( life4 ,on ! e>? alone1 ( all ! great family ( planets & satellites1 is ! vital ord] 9 full c>e]4 ,x may yet l+] ^u ,m>s1 b x is evid5tly wan+4 ,on ! inf]ior planets x probably _h its day long ago1 :ile x mu/ be millions ( ye>s be=e x comes to ! sup]ior planets1 if x ev] comes to !m4 ,:at a va/1 inconceivable outlay ( "t & en]gy = su* small returns6 ,evid5tly ! vital ord] is only an episode1 a transi5t or second>y phase ( matt] 9 ! process ( sid]eal evolution4 ,a/ronomic space is /rewn ) dead worlds1 z a ,new ,engl& field is ) drift b\ld]s4 ,t life has t\*$ & t>ri$ "h & !re ^u !m c h>dly be d\bt$1 b if x is any?+ m ?an a pass+ incid5t1 an infant cry+ 9 ! night1 a flu% ( color ^u ! *eek1 a fl[] bloom+ by ! wayside1 appe>ances are aga9/ x4 ,we read our a/ronomy & geology 9 ! light ( our enorm\s egotism1 & appropriate all to ourselves2 b sci5ce sees 9 our appe>ance "h a no m significant ev5t ?an 9 ! foam & bubbles t :irl & dance = a mom5t ^u ! riv]'s curr5t4 ,! bubbles h _! reason = be+2 all ! my/]ies ( molecul> attraction & repulsion may be involv$ 9 _! production2 )\t ! sol> en]gy1 & ! revolution ( ! e>? ^u its axis1 !y w\ld n appe>2 & yet !y are only bubbles ^u ! riv]'s curr5t1 z we are bubbles ^u ! /ream ( en]gy t fl[s ?r\gh ! univ]se4 ,app>5tly ! cosmic game is play$ = u no m ?an = ! p>asites t infe/ our bodies1 or = ! fro/ f]ns t =m ^u our w9d[-panes 9 w9t]4 ,! mak+ ( suns & sy/ems goes on 9 ! dep?s ( space1 & d\btless w g on to all et]nity1 )\t any m ref]5ce to ! vital ord] ?an to ! *emical comp\nds4 ,! am\nt ( liv+ matt] 9 ! univ]se1 s f> z we c p5etrate x1 comp>$ ) ! non-liv+1 is1 9 am\nt1 l a flurry ( sn[ t :it5s ! fields & hills ( a spr+ morn+ comp>$ to ! miles ( rock & soil b5ea? x2 & ) ref]5ce to geologic "t x is ab\t z fleet+4 ,9 ! va/ welt] ( suns & sy/ems 9 ! heav5s above u1 we see only dead matt]1 & mo/ ( x is 9 a condition ( gl[+ metallic vapor4 ,!re are d\btless liv+ organisms ^u "s ( ! invisible planet>y bodies1 b !y are probably z fugitive & tempor>y z ^u our own _w4 ,mu* ( ! surface ( ! e>? is clo!d 9 a light ve/m5t ( life1 :i*1 back 9 geologic "t1 seems to h m completely envelop$ x ?an at pres5t1 z bo? ! arctic & ! ant>ctic regions be> evid5ce 9 _! coal-b$s & o!r fossil rema9s ( luxuriant vegetable gr[?s4 ,/rip ! e>? ( its ?9 pellicle ( soil1 ?9n] ) ref]5ce to ! mass ?an is ! peel to ! apple1 & y h /ripp$ x ( its life4 ,or1 rob x ( its wat]y vapor & ! c>bon dioxide 9 ! air1 bo? /ages 9 its evolution1 & y h a dead _w4 ,! huge globe sw+s ?r\gh space only z a mass ( ins5sate rock4 ,s limit$ & evanesc5t is ! _w ( liv+ matt]1 s va/ & endur+ is ! _w ( ! non-liv+4 ,look$ at 9 ?is way1 9 ! light ( physical sci5ce1 life1 ,i repeat1 seems l a m]e pass+ phase ( ! cosmic evolution1 a flitt+ & tempor>y /age ( matt] :i* x passes ?r\gh 9 ! procession ( *anges on ! surface ( a cool+ planet4 ,betwe5 ! fi]y mi/ ( ! nebula1 & ! frigid & consolidat$ globe1 !re is a brief span1 rang+ ov] ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty degrees ( temp]ature1 :]e life appe>s & organic evolution takes place4 ,comp>$ ) ! :ole scale ( temp]ature1 f absolute z]o to ! :ite heat ( ! hotte/ />s1 x is ab\t a h&'s-bread? comp>$ to a mile4 ,life processes cease1 b *emical & me*anical processes g on =ev]4 ,life is z fugitive & unc]ta9 z ! b[ 9 ! cl\ds1 &1 l ! b[ 9 ! cl\ds1 is conf9$ to a limit$ range ( conditions4 ,l ! b[1 also1 x is a p]petual creation1 a con/ant becom+1 & its s\rce is n 9 ! matt] ?r\gh :i* x is manife/$1 ?\gh insep>able f x4 ,! mat]ial sub/ance ( life1 l ! ra9-drops1 is 9 p]petual flux & *ange2 x hangs always on ! v]ge ( dissolution & vani%es :5 ! mat]ial conditions fail1 to be r5ew$ aga9 :5 !y return4 ,we "k1 d we n8 t life is z lit]ally dep5d5t ^u ! sun z is ! ra9b[1 & equally dep5d5t ^u ! mat]ial elem5ts2 b :e!r ! physical conditions sum up ! :ole tru? ab\t x1 z !y d ) ! b[1 is ! insoluble "q4 ,sci5ce says ,yes1 b our philosophy & our religion say ,no4 ,! poets & ! prophets say ,no1 & our hopes & aspirations say ,no4 ,,ii ,:]e1 !n1 %all we look = ! key to ?is my/]i\s ?+ we call life8 ,mod]n bio*emi/ry w n li/5 to ! old notion ( a vital =ce--t is only a metaphysical w-o'-!-wisp t leaves u fl\nd]+ 9 ! quagmire4 ,if ,i "q ! =ces ab\t me1 :at answ] d ,i get8 ,molecul> attraction & repulsion seem to say1 ,x is n 9 u2 we are z active 9 ! clod z 9 ! fl[]4 ,! f\r pr9cipal elem5ts--oxyg51 nitrog51 hydrog51 & c>bon--say1 ,x is n 9 u1 because we are f all et]nity1 & life is n2 we =m only its physical basis4 ,w>m? & moi/ure say1 ,x is n 9 u2 we are only its fai?ful nurses & h&maid5s4 ,! sun says3 ,x is n 9 me2 ,i %9e on dead worlds z well4 ,i b quick5 life aft] x is plant$4 ,! />s say1 ,x is n 9 u2 we h se5 life come & g among myriads ( worlds = untold ages4 ,no que/ion+ ( ! heav5s above nor ( ! e>? bel[ c reveal to u ! secret we are 9 que/ (4 ,i c fancy brute matt] say+ to life3 ,y t>ry ) me at y\r p]il4 ,y w always be on ! fir+-l9e ( my bl9d1 cont5d+ =ces2 !y w respect y n2 y mu/ take y\r *ances amid my fly+ missiles4 ,my =ces g _! et]nal r\nd )\t v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( turn+1 & woe to y if y cross _! c\rses4 ,y may br+ all y\r gods ) y--gods ( love1 m]cy1 g5tl5ess1 altruism2 b ,i "k !m n4 ,y\r pray]s w fall ^u e>s ( /one1 y\r appeal+ ge/ure ^u eyes ( /one1 y\r cries = m]cy ^u he>ts ( /one4 ,i %all be nei!r y\r enemy nor y\r fri5d4 ,i %all be utt]ly indiff]5t to y4 ,my floods w dr[n y1 my w9ds wreck y1 my fires burn y1 my quicks&s suck y d[n1 & n "k :at !y are do+4 ,my e>? is a !atre ( /orms & cyclones1 ( avalan*es & e>?quakes1 ( lightn+s & cl\dbur/s2 wrecks & ru9s /rew my c\rse4 ,all my elem5ts & =ces are at y\r s]vice2 all my fluids & gases & solids2 my />s 9 _! c\rses w fight on y\r side1 if y put & keep y\rself 9 "r relations to !m4 ,my atoms & electrons w build y\r h\ses1 my lightn+ d y\r err&s1 my w9ds sail y\r %ips1 on ! same t]ms4 ,y _c live )\t my air & my wat] & my w>m?2 b ea* ( !m is a s\rce ( p[] t w cru% or engulf or dev\r y be=e x w turn "o hair's-bread? f its c\rse4 ,y\r trees w be uproot$ by my tornadoes1 y\r fair fields w be laid wa/e by floods or fires2 my m\nta9s w fall on y\r delicate =ms & utt]ly cru% & bury !m2 my glaci]s w ov]spread va/ areas & bani% or de/roy :ole tribes & races ( y\r h&iwork2 ! %r9k+ & wr9kl+ cru/ ( my e>? w fold 9 its ins5sate bosom va/ =e/s ( y\r tropical gr[?s1 & conv]t !m into black rock1 & ,i w make rock ( ! myriad =ms ( m9ute life ) :i* y plant ! seas2 ?r\gh imm5se geologic ages my rel5tless1 unsee+1 unfeel+ =ces w drive on l ! pl\gh%>e t buries e fl[] & grass-blade & t9y creature 9 its pa?4 ,my w9ds are life-giv+ breezes to-day1 & ! besom ( de/ruction to-morr[2 my ra9s w moi/5 & n\ri% y "o day1 & wa% y into ! gulf ! next2 my e>?quakes w bury y\r cities z if !y 7 ant-hills4 ,s y mu/ take y\r *ances1 b ! *ances are on y\r side4 ,i am n all tempe/1 or flood1 or fire1 or e>?quake4 ,y\r c>e] w be a w>f>e1 b y w w9 m battles ?an y w lose4 ,b rememb]1 y are no?+ to me1 :ile ,i am ev]y?+ to y4 ,i h no?+ to lose or ga91 :ile y h ev]y?+ to ga94 ,)\t my soils & moi/ure & w>m?1 )\t my c>bon & oxyg5 & nitrog5 & hydrog51 y c d or be no?+2 )\t my sun%9e y p]i%2 b y h ^! ?+s on condition ( ef=t & /ruggle4 ,y h evolution on condition ( pa9 & failure & ! haz>d ( ! w>r+ geologic ages4 ,fate & necessity rule 9 my realm4 ,:5 y fail1 or are cru%$ or swall[$ by my remorseless =ces1 d n blame my gods1 or y\r own2 !re is no blame1 !re is only ! price to be paid3 ! haz>ds ( invad+ ! clos$ circle ( my unsee+ =ces4 ,9 ,cali=nia ,i saw an epitome ( ! m]ciless way inorganic ,nature deals ) life4 ,an old1 dri$1 & h>d5$ asphalt lake ne> ,los ,angeles tells a horrible tale ( animal suff]+ & failure4 ,x _h be5 a pit ( horrors = long ages2 x 0 ,nature conc5trat$--h] wild welt] ( /ruggl+ & dev\r+ =ms ?r\gh ! geologic ages made visible & tangible 9 a small pat* ( m+l$ pit* & animal bones4 ,!re 0 ne>ly z mu* bone z pit*4 ,! fate ( ! unlucky flies t alight ^u tangle-foot fly-pap] 9 our h\ses _h be5 ! fate ( ! victims t _h p]i%$ "h4 ,h[ _m wild creatures _h turn$ appeal+ eyes to ! great unhe$+ void z !y felt !mselves helpless & s9k+ 9 ?is all-engulf+ pit*6 ,9 l mann] h[ _m human be+s 9 /orms & disa/]s at sea & 9 flood & fire ^u l& h turn$ ! same appeal+ look to ! unpity+ heav5s6 ,!re is no p[] 9 ! _w ( physical =ces1 or ap>t f our own k9d1 t he$s u or turns aside = u1 or be/[s "o pity+ glance ^u u4 ,life has run1 & /ill runs1 ! gantlet ( a long l9e ( ho/ile =ces1 & escapes by d9t ( fleetness ( foot1 or agility 9 dodg+1 or else by t\ghness ( fibre4 ,yet "h we are2 "h is love & *>ity & m]cy & intellig5ce2 ! fair face ( *ildhood1 ! beautiful face ( y\?1 ! cle>1 /rong face ( manhood & womanhood1 & ! calm1 b5ign face ( old age1 se51 x is true1 z aga9/ a backgr\nd ( _! opposites1 b seem+ to indicate some?+ above *ance & *ange at ! he>t ( ,nature4 ,"h is life 9 ! mid/ ( dea?2 b dea? =ev] play+ into ! h&s ( life2 "h is ! organic 9 ! mid/ ( ! inorganic1 at /rife ) x1 h\rly cru%$ by x1 yet su/a9$ & kept go+ by its aid4 ,,iii ,vitality is only a ^w1 b x m>ks a class ( ph5om5a 9 nature t /&s ap>t f all m]ely me*anical manife/ations 9 ! univ]se4 ,! cosmos is a va/ ma*9e1 b 9 ?is ma*9e--?is trem5d\s complex ( physical =ces--!re appe>s1 at lea/ on ?is e>?1 9 ! c\rse ( its evolution1 ?is some?+1 or ?is peculi> manife/ation ( en]gy1 t we call vital4 ,app>5tly x is a transi5t phase ( activity 9 matt]1 :i*1 unlike o!r *emical & physical activities1 has its beg9n+ & its end+1 & out ( :i* h aris5 all ! myriad =ms ( t]re/rial life4 ,! m]ely mat]ial =ces1 bl9d & haphaz>d f ! fir/1 did n arise 9 matt]2 !y are insep>able f x2 !y are z et]nal z matt] itself2 b ! activities call$ vital arose 9 "t & place1 & mu/ ev5tually disappe> z !y arose1 :ile ! c>e] ( ! inorganic elem5ts goes on z if life _h nev] visit$ ! sph]e4 ,0 x1 or is x1 a visitation--some?+ ab extra t implies sup]-mundane1 or sup]natural1 p[]s8 ,add$ to ?is wond] is ! fact t ! vital ord] has gone on unfold+ ?r\gh ! geologic ages1 m\nt+ f =m to =m1 or f ord] to ord]1 becom+ m & m complex1 pass+ f ! emphasis ( size ( body1 to ! emphasis ( size ( bra91 & f9ally f in/9ct & reflex activities to free volition1 & ! reason & consci\sness ( man2 :ile ! purely physical & *emical =ces rema9 :]e !y began4 ,!re has be5 endless *ange among !m1 endless %ift+ ( ! balance ( p[]1 b always ! t5d5cy to a dead equilibrium1 :ile ! g5ius ( ! organic =ces has be5 9 ! p[] to di/urb ! equilibrium & to ride into port on ! cre/ ( ! wave x has creat$1 or to hang =ev] betwe5 ! /able & ! un/able4 ,s !re we are1 confront$ by two app>5tly contr>y tru?s4 ,x is to me un?9kable t ! vital ord] is n z truly root$ 9 ! con/itution ( ?+s z are ! me*anical & *emical ord]s2 & yet1 "h we are face to face ) its limit$1 fugitive1 or transitional "*4 ,x comes & goes l ! dews ( ! morn+2 x has all ! features ( an exceptional1 unexpect$1 extraord9>y occurr5ce--( miracle1 if y w2 b if ! light :i* physical sci5ce turns on ! univ]se is n a delusion1 if ! habit ( m9d :i* x begets is n a false "o1 !n life belongs to ! same category ( ?+s z d day & night1 ra9 & sun1 re/ & motion4 ,:o %all reconcile ^! contradictions8 ,huxley spoke = physical sci5ce :5 he said t he did n "k :at x 0 t con/itut$ life--:at x 0 t made ! wond]ful diff]5ce betwe5 ! dead p>ticles & ! liv+ p>ticles ( matt] appe>+ 9 o!r respects id5tical4 ,he ?\ght !re might be "s bond betwe5 physico-*emical ph5om5a1 on ! "o h&1 & vital ph5om5a1 on ! o!r1 :i* philosoph]s w "s day f9d out4 ,liv+ matt] is *>act]iz$ by spontaneity ( action1 :i* is entirely abs5t f in]t matt]4 ,huxley _c or does n ?9k ( a vital =ce di/9ct f all o!r =ces1 z ! cause ( life ph5om5a1 z s _m philosoph]s h done1 f ,ari/otle d[n to our day4 ,he f9ds protoplasm to be ! physical basis ( life2 x is "o 9 bo? ! vegetable & animal worlds2 ! animal takes x f ! vegetable1 & ! vegetable1 by ! aid ( sunlight1 takes or manufactures x f ! inorganic elem5ts4 ,b protoplasm is liv+ matt]4 ,be=e !re 0 any protoplasm1 :at br\ght ab\t ! /up5d\s *ange ( ! dead into ! liv+8 ,protoplasm makes m protoplasm1 z fire makes m fire1 b :at k9dl$ ! fir/ sp>k ( ?is liv+ flame8 ,"h we corn] ! my/]y1 b x is /ill a my/]y t defies u4 ,cause & effect meet & are lo/ 9 ea* o!r4 ,sci5ce _c admit a miracle1 or a break 9 ! cont9uity ( life1 yet "h x rea*es a po9t :]e no /ep c be tak54 ,huxley's illu/rations d n help 8 argum5t4 ,protoplasm1 he says1 is ! clay ( ! pott]2 :i*1 bake x & pa9t x z he w1 rema9s clay1 sep>at$ by artifice1 & n by nature1 f ! commone/ brick or sun-dri$ clod4 ,clay is c]ta9ly ! physical basis ( ! pott]'s art1 b w\ld !re be any pott]y 9 ! _w if x conta9$ only clay8 ,d we n h to ?9k ( ! pott]8 ,9 ! same way1 d we n h to ?9k ( some?+ t fa%ions ^! myriad =ms ( life out ( protoplasm8--& back ( t1 ( some?+ t begat protoplasm out ( non-protoplasmic matt]1 & />t$ ! flame ( life go+8 ,life acc\nts = protoplasm1 b :at acc\nts = life8 ,we h to ?9k ( ! liv+ clay z sep>at$ by ,nature f ! in]t sun-dri$ clod4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! "o t is n 9 ! o!r4 ,!re is really no au!ntic analogy betwe5 ! pott]'s art & ,nature's art ( life4 ,! =ce ( ! analogy1 if x has any1 drives u to ! conclusion t life is an entity1 or an ag5t1 work+ ^u matt] & indep5d5t ( x4 ,!re is m wit ?an sci5ce 9 ,huxley's "q1 ,:at bett] philosophical /atus has vitality ?an aquosity8 ,!re is at lea/ ?is diff]5ce3 ,:5 vitality is gone1 y _c recall x1 or reproduce x by y\r *emi/ry2 b y c recomb9e ! two gases 9 :i* y h decompos$ wat]1 any numb] ( times1 & get y\r aquosity back aga92 x nev] fails2 x is a p[] ( *emi/ry4 ,b vitality w n come at y\r beck2 x is n a *emical product1 at lea/ 9 ! same s5se t wat] is2 x is n 9 ! same category z ! wetness or liquidity ( wat]4 ,x is a "n = a ph5om5on--! mo/ rem>kable ph5om5on 9 nature4 ,x is "o t ! art ( man is p[]less to reproduce1 :ile wat] may be made to g ?r\gh its cycle ( *ange--solid1 fluid1 vapor1 gas--& always come back to wat]4 ,well does ! late ,pr(essor ,brooks1 ( ,johns ,hopk9s1 say t liv+ ?+s d1 9 "s way & 9 "s degree1 control or condition inorganic nature2 t !y hold _! own by sett+ ! me*anical prop]ties ( matt] 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 & t ?is is _! mo/ notable & di/9ctive *>act]i/ic4 ,does n ,ray ,lanke/]1 ! irate *ampion ( ! me*ani/ic view ( life1 say ess5tially ! same ?+ :5 he calls man ! great ,insurg5t 9 ,nature's camp--cross+ h] c\rses1 rev]s+ h] processes1 & defeat+ h] ends8 ,life appe>s l ! introduction ( a new elem5t or =ce or t5d5cy into ! cosmos4 ,h5ce=? ! elem5ts g new ways1 =m new comp\nds1 build up new =ms1 & *ange ! face ( nature4 ,riv]s fl[ :]e !y nev] w\ld h fl[$ )\t x1 m\nta9s fall 9 a space ( "t dur+ :i* !y nev] w\ld h fall52 b>ri]s arise1 r\gh ways are made smoo?1 a new _w appe>s--! _w ( man's physical & m5tal activities4 ,if ! gods ( ! inorganic elem5ts are nei!r = nor aga9/ u1 b utt]ly indiff]5t to u1 h[ came we "h8 ,nature's me?od is always f ! inside1 :ile ours is f ! outside2 h]s is circul> :ile ours is direct4 ,we ?9k1 z ,b]gson says1 ( ?+s creat$1 & ( a ?+ t creates1 b ?+s 9 nature are n creat$1 !y are evolv$2 !y gr[1 & ! ?+ t gr[s is n sep>able f ! =ce t causes x to gr[4 ,! wat] turns ! :eel1 & c be %ut (f or let on4 ,?is is ! way ( ! me*anical _w4 ,b ! :eels 9 organic nature g ar\nd f some?+ inside !m1 a k9d ( p]petual motion1 or self-supply+ p[]4 ,!y are n turn$1 !y turn2 !y are n repair$1 !y repair4 ,! nature ( liv+ ?+s _c be int]pret$ by ! laws ( me*anical & *emical ?+s1 ?\gh me*anics & *emi/ry play ! visible1 tangible "p 9 !m4 ,if we mu/ disc>d ! notion ( a vital =ce1 we may1 z ,pr(essor ,h>tog sugge/s1 make use ( ! t]m vital behavior4 ,( c\rse man tries ev]y?+ by himself & 8 own /&>ds4 ,he kn[s no intellig5ce b 8 own1 no prud5ce1 no love1 no m]cy1 no ju/ice1 no economy1 b 8 own1 no god b su* a "o z fits 8 conception4 ,9 view ( all ^! ?+s1 h[ man got "h is a problem4 ,:y ! sl5d] ?read ( 8 l9e ( desc5t 0 n brok5 9 ! w>r+s & upheavals ( ! t]rible geologic ages1 :at p[] or ag5t took a h& 9 fur!r+ 8 developm5t1 is beyond ! rea* ( our biologic sci5ce4 ,man's is ! only intellig5ce1 z we und]/& ! ^w1 9 ! univ]se1 & 8 intellig5ce dem&s some?+ ak9 to intellig5ce 9 ! nature f :i* he sprang4 ,,vii ,,life ,,& ,,m9d ,i ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( *ange 9 ! _w 9 :i* we live--physical & me*anical *ange :i* goes on 9 "t & place among ! tangible bodies ab\t u1 *emical *ange :i* goes on 9 ! _w ( hidd5 molecules & atoms ( :i* bodies are compos$1 & vital *ange :i* involves ! two =m]1 b :i* also involves ! my/]i\s pr9ciple or activity :i* we call life4 ,life comes & goes1 b ! physical & *emical ord]s rema94 ,! vegetable & animal k+doms wax & wane1 or disappe> entirely1 b ! physico-*emical =ces are z inde/ructible z matt] itself4 ,?is fugitive & evanesc5t "* ( life1 ! way x uses & triumphs ov] ! mat]ial =ces1 sett+ up new *emical activities 9 matt]1 sweep+ ov] ! l&-areas ( ! e>? l a conflagration1 lift+ ! inorganic elem5ts up into myriads ( *ang+ & beautiful =ms1 in/itut+ a va/ numb] ( new *emical processes & comp\nds1 defy+ ! laboratory to reproduce x or k9dle its lea/ sp>k--a flame t _c exi/ )\t c>bon & oxyg51 b ( :i* c>bon & oxyg5 d n hold ! secret1 a fire rev]s$1 build+ up in/ead ( pull+ d[n1 9 ! vegetable ) p[] to absorb & transmute ! inorganic elem5ts into leaves & fruit & tissue2 9 ! animal ) p[] to *ange ! vegetable products into bone & muscle & n]ve & bra91 & f9ally into ?\ght & consci\sness2 run by ! sol> en]gy & dep5d5t ^u x1 yet involv+ some?+ :i* ! sunlight _c give u2 9 %ort1 an activity 9 matt]1 or 9 a limit$ "p ( matt]1 z real z ! physico-*emical activity1 b1 unlike x1 defy+ all analysis & explanation & all our attempts at syn!sis4 ,x is ?is "* ( life1 ,i say1 t s easily leads u to look ^u x z some?+ ab extra1 or sup]-add$ to matt]1 & n an evolution f x4 ,x has l$ ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge to conceive ( life z a di/9ct entity1 exi/+ indep5d5t ( matt]1 & x is ?is conception t gives ! key to ,h5ri ,b]gson's wond]ful book1 ,creative ,evolution4 ,!re is possibly or probably a f\r? *ange 9 matt]1 physical 9 its nature1 b mu* m subtle & my/]i\s ?an any ( ! physical *anges :i* our s5ses reveal to u4 ,i ref] to radioactive *ange1 or to ! atomic trans=mation ( "o elem5t into ano!r1 su* z ! *ange ( radium into helium1 & ! *ange ( helium into lead--a subject t takes u to ! bord]l& betwe5 physics & *emi/ry :]e is /ill debatable gr\nd4 ,i began by say+ t !re 7 ?ree k9ds ( *anges 9 matt]--! physical1 ! *emical1 & ! vital4 ,b if we foll[ up ?is idea & decl>e t !re are ?ree k9ds ( =ce also1 claim+ ?is di/9ction = ! ?ird t]m ( our proposition1 we %all be runn+ c\nt] to ! ma9 curr5t ( rec5t biological sci5ce4 ,! idea t a peculi> 'vital =ce' acts 9 ! *emi/ry ( life1 says ,pr(essor ,soddy1 is ext9ct4 ,only *emical & physical ag5ts influ5ce ! vital processes1 says ,pr(essor ,czapek1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,prague1 & we ne$ no long] take refuge 9 my/]i\s 'vital =ces' :5 we want to expla9 ^!4 ,tyndall 0 oblig$ to ?9k ( a =ce t guid$ ! molecules ( matt] into ! special =ms ( a tree4 ,?is =ce 0 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]4 ,b :5 he came to ! bra9 & to consci\sness1 he said a new product appe>$ t defies me*anical treatm5t4 ,! attempt ( ! biological sci5ce ( our "t to wipe out all di/9ctions betwe5 ! liv+ & ! non-liv+1 solely because sci5tific analysis reveals no diff]5ce1 is a curi\s & int]e/+ ph5om5on4 ,pr(essor ,s*f]1 9 8 presid5tial address be=e ! ,briti% ,association 9 #aiab1 argu$ t all ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( liv+ matt]1 su* z assimilation & disassimilation1 gr[? & reproduction1 spontane\s & amoeboid movem5t1 osmotic pressure1 k>yok9esis1 etc41 7 equally app>5t 9 ! non-liv+2 !re=e he conclud$ t life is only "o ( ! _m *emical reactions1 & t x is n improbable t x w yet be produc$ by *emical syn!sis 9 ! laboratory4 ,! logic ( ! position tak5 by ,pr(essor ,s*f] & ( ! s*ool to :i* he belongs1 dem&s ?is artificial production ( life--an a*ievem5t t seems no ne>] ?an x did a half-c5tury ago4 ,:5 x has be5 atta9$1 ! problem w be simplifi$1 b ! my/]y ( life w by no means h be5 cle>$ up4 ,"o foll[s ^! lat] bio*emi/s 9 work+ out _! problem ( ! g5esis ( life ) ke5 int]e/1 b always ) a feel+ t !re is m 9 _! conclusions ?an is ju/ifi$ by _! premises4 ,= my own "p1 ,i am conv9c$ t :atev] is1 is natural1 b to obta9 life ,i feel ! ne$ ( some?+ ( a diff]5t ord] f ! =ce t evokes ! sp>k f ! fl9t & ! /eel1 or br+s ab\t ! reaction ( *emical comp\nds4 ,if ask$ to expla9 :at ?is some?+ is t is *>act]i/ic ( liv+ matt]1 ,i %\ld say intellig5ce4 ,! new s*ool ( biologi/s />t ) matt] t possesses extraord9>y prop]ties--) matt] t seems inspir$ ) ! desire = life1 & behav+ 9 a way t x nev] w behave 9 ! laboratory4 ,!y beg9 ) ! e>?'s surface w>m & moi/1 ! atmosph]e saturat$ ) wat]y vapor & c>bon dioxide & _m o!r complex un/able comp\nds2 !n !y summon all ! mat]ial elem5ts ( life--c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & nitrog51 ) a little sodium1 *lor9e1 iron1 sulphur1 phosphorus1 & o!rs--& make ^! run toge!r to =m a jelly-l body call$ a colloid2 !n !y end[ ?is jelly mass ) ! p[] ( gr[?1 & ( subdivision :5 x gets too l>ge2 !y make x able to absorb v>i\s un/able comp\nds f ! air1 giv+ x int]nal /ores ( en]gy1 ! sett+ free ( :i* w\ld cause automatic movem5ts 9 ! lump ( jelly4 ,?us !y lay ! f\ndations ( life4 ,?is c>bonace\s mat]ial ) prop]ties ( movem5t & subdivision due to me*anical & physical =ces is ! imm$iate ance/or ( ! fir/ imag9>y liv+ be+1 ! protobion4 ,to get ?is protobion ! *emi/s summon a reag5t kn[n z a catalys]4 ,! catalys] works its magic on ! jelly mass4 ,x sets up a wond]ful reaction by its m]e pres5ce1 )\t p>t+ ) any ( its sub/ance4 ,?us1 if a bit ( plat9um :i* has ?is catalytic p[] is dropp$ into a vessel conta9+ a mixture ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 ! two gases in/antly unite & =m wat]4 ,a catalys] introduc$ 9 ! primordial jelly lib]ates en]gy & gives ! sub/ance p[] to break up ! v>i\s complex un/able comp\nds into food1 & promote gr[? & subdivision4 ,9 fact1 x awak5s or imp>ts a vital =ce & leads to indef9ite increase1 subdivision1 & movem5t4 ,) ,pr(essor ,s*f] !re is fir/ ! =tuit\s production ( life ^u ?is globe--! *ance meet+ or jo/l+ ( ! elem5ts t result$ 9 a bit ( liv+ protoplasm1 or a mass ( colloid slime 9 ! old seas1 or on _! %ores1 possess+ ! prop]ty ( assimilation & !re=e ( gr[?4 ,"h ! :ole my/]y is swall[$ at "o gulp4 ,reproduction w\ld foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse1 because all mat]ial ( ?is physical nature--fluid or semi-fluid 9 "*--has a t5d5cy to und]go subdivision :5 its bulk exce$s a c]ta9 size4 ,a mass ( colloidal slime t has ! p[] ( assimilation & ( gr[? & reproduction1 is c]ta9ly a new ?+ 9 ! _w1 & no *emical analysis ( x c cle> up ! my/]y4 ,x is easy en\gh to produce colloidal slime1 b to end[ x ) ^! wond]ful p[]s s t ! promise & ! pot5cy ( all t]re/rial life slumb]s 9 x is a /agg]+ proposition4 ,:atev] ! "* ( ?is subdivision1 :e!r into equal p>ts or 9 ! =m ( buds1 e sep>ate "p w\ld resemble ! p>5t 9 *emical & physical prop]ties1 & w\ld equally possess ! prop]ty ( tak+ 9 & assimilat+ suitable mat]ial f its liquid environm5t1 gr[+ 9 bulk & reproduc+ its l by subdivision4 ,9 ?is way f any beg9n+ ( liv+ mat]ial a primitive =m ( life w\ld spread & w\ld gradually p ! globe4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( life be+ once effect$1 all =ms ( organization foll[ "u ! inevitable laws ( evolution4 ,:y all =ms ( organization--:y ! body & bra9 ( man--mu/ inevitably foll[ f ! primitive bit ( liv+ matt]1 is j ! "q ^u :i* we want light4 ,! proposition begs ! "q4 ,c]ta9ly :5 y h got ! evolution>y process once />t$ 9 matt] :i* has ^! wond]ful p[]s1 all is easy4 ,! pr(essor simply describes :at has tak5 place & seems to ?9k t ! my/]y is !reby cle>$ up1 z if by nam+ all ! p>ts ( a ma*9e & _! relation to "o ano!r1 ! ma*9e is acc\nt$ =4 ,:at caus$ ! iron & /eel & wood ( ! ma*9e to take ?is special =m1 :ile 9 o!r cases ! iron & /eel & wood took o!r radically diff]5t =ms1 & va/ quantities ( ^! sub/ances took no =m at all8 ,9 work+ out ! evolution ( liv+ =ms by ! aid ( ! bl9d physical & *emical ag5ts alone1 ,pr(essor ,s*f] unconsci\sly ascribes ! p[] ( *oice & purpose to ! individual cells1 z :5 he says t ! cells ( ! ext]nal lay] s9k bel[ ! surface = bett] protection & bett] nutrition4 ,x seems to h be5 a matt] ( *oice or w t ! cells develop$ a n]v\s sy/em 9 ! animal & n 9 ! vegetable4 ,man came because a few cells 9 "s e>ly =m ( life acquir$ a slightly great] t5d5cy to react to an ext]nal /imulus4 ,9 ?is way !y 7 br\ght into clos] t\* ) ! out] _w & !reby ga9$ ! lead ( _! dull] neighbor cells1 & became ! real rul]s ( ! body1 & develop$ ! m9d4 ,x is bewild]+ to be told by s compet5t a p]son z ,pr(essor ,s*f] t at bottom !re is no fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! liv+ & non-liv+4 ,we ne$ n urge ! exi/5ce ( a peculi> vital =ce1 z di/9ct f all o!r =ces1 b all di/9ctions betwe5 ?+s are useless if we _c say t a new behavior is set up 9 matt] :i* we describe by ! ^w vital1 & t a new pr9ciple is op]ative 9 organiz$ matt] :i* we mu/ call intellig5ce4 ,( c\rse all movem5ts & processes ( liv+ be+s are 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al laws ( matt]1 b does su* a /atem5t necess>ily rule out all idea ( ! op]ation ( an organiz+ & direct+ pr9ciple t is n op]ative 9 ! _w ( inanimate ?+s8 ,9 ,s*f]'s philosophy evolution is purely a me*anical process--!re is no inborn t5d5cy1 no inh]5t pu%1 no organiz+ ef=t1 b all results f ! bl9d grop+ & *ance jo/l+ ( ! inorganic elem5ts2 f ! molecules ( undiff]5tiat$ protoplasm to ! bra9 ( a ,*ri/ or a ,plato1 is j "o s]ies ( un9tellig5t physical & *emical activities 9 matt]4 ,may we n say t all ! m>ks or *>act]i/ics ( a liv+ body :i* di/+ui% x 9 our exp]i5ce f an inanimate body1 are ( a non-sci5tific "*1 or outside ! sph]e ( exp]im5tal sci5ce8 ,we recognize !m z readily z we di/+ui% day f night1 b we _c describe !m 9 ! fix$ t]ms ( sci5ce4 ,:5 we say gr[?1 metabolism1 osmosis1 ! colloidal /ate1 sci5ce po9ts out t all ?is may be affirm$ ( inorganic bodies4 ,:5 we say a life pr9ciple1 a vital =ce or s\l or _s or intellig5ce1 sci5ce turns a deaf e>4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! liv+ & ! non-liv+ is n s mu* a physical diff]5ce z a metaphysical diff]5ce4 ,liv+ matt] is actuat$ by intellig5ce4 ,its activities are spontane\s & self-direct+4 ,! rock1 & ! tree t gr[s beside x1 & ! insects & rod5ts t burr[ "u x1 may all be made ( "o /uff1 b _! diff]5ce to ! behold] is fundam5tal2 !re is an intellig5t activity 9 ! "o t is n 9 ! o!r4 ,n[ no sci5tific analysis ( a body w reveal ! secret ( ?is activity4 ,z well might y\r analysis ( a phonographic record hope to disclose a sonata ( ,bee?ov5 lat5t 9 ! wav+ l9es4 ,no p[] ( *emi/ry c\ld reveal any diff]5ce betwe5 ! gray matt] ( ,plato's bra9 & t ( ! humble/ citiz5 ( ,a!ns4 ,all ! diff]5ce betwe5 man1 all t makes a man a man1 & an ox an ox1 is beyond ! rea* ( any ( y\r physico-*emical te/s4 ,by ! same tok5 ! gulf t sep>ates ! organic f ! inorganic is n )9 ! p[] ( sci5ce to disclose4 ,! bio*emi/ is b\nd to put life 9 ! category ( ! mat]ial =ces because 8 sci5ce c deal ) no o!r4 ,to him ! ^w vital is a ^w m]ely1 x /&s = no reality1 & ! secret ( life is m]ely a *emical reaction4 ,a liv+ body awak5s a tra9 ( ideas 9 our m9ds t a non-liv+ fails to awak5--a tra9 ( ideas t belong to ano!r ord] f t awak5$ by sci5tific demon/ration4 ,we _c blame sci5ce = rul+ out t :i* x _c t\* ) its analysis1 or repeat ) its syn!sis4 ,! ph5om5a ( life are z obvi\s to u z any?+ 9 ! _w2 we "k _! signs & ways1 & witness _! p[]1 yet 9 ! alembic ( our sci5ce !y turn out to be only physico-*emical processes2 h5ce t is all !re is ( !m4 ,vitality1 says ,huxley1 has no m reality ?an ! horology ( a clock4 ,yet ,huxley sees ?ree equal realities 9 ! univ]se--matt]1 en]gy1 & consci\sness4 ,b consci\sness is ! cr[n ( a vital process4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem z if !re mu/ be some?+ m real 9 vitality ?an ,huxley is will+ to admit4 ,,ii ,ne>ly all ! lat] biologi/s or biological philosoph]s are z %y ( ! t]m vital =ce1 & ev5 ( ! ^w vitality1 z !y are ( ! words s\l1 _s1 intellig5ce1 :5 discuss+ natural ph5om5a4 ,to exp]im5tal sci5ce su* words h no mean+ because ! suppos$ realities = :i* !y /& are q beyond ! rea* ( sci5tific analysis4 ,ray ,lanke/]1 9 8 ,sci5ce f an ,easy ,*air1 foll[+ ,huxley1 comp>es vitality ) aquosity1 & says t to h rec\rse to a vital pr9ciple or =ce to expla9 a liv+ body is no bett] philosophy ?an to appeal to a pr9ciple ( aquosity to expla9 wat]4 ,( c\rse words are words1 & !y h su* weight ) u t :5 we h got a "n = a ?+ x is v easy to p]suade ourselves t ! ?+ exi/s4 ,! t]ms vitality1 vital =ce1 h long be5 9 use1 & x is n easy to conv9ce "o's self t !y /& = no reality4 ,c]ta9 x is t liv+ & non-liv+ matt] are %>ply sep>at$1 ?\gh :5 r$uc$ to _! *emical con/itu5ts 9 ! laboratory !y are f\nd to be id5tical4 ,! c>bon1 ! hydrog51 ! nitrog51 ! oxyg51 & ! lime1 sulphur1 iron1 etc41 9 a liv+ body are 9 no way peculi>1 b are ! same z ^! elem5ts 9 ! rocks & ! soil4 ,we are all made ( "o /uff2 a man & 8 dog are made ( "o /uff2 an oak & a p9e are made ( "o /uff2 ,jew & ,g5tile are made ( "o /uff4 ,%\ld we be ju/ifi$1 !n1 9 say+ t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 !m8 ,!re is c]ta9ly a moral & an intellectual diff]5ce betwe5 a man & 8 dog1 if !re is no *emical & me*anical diff]5ce4 ,& !re is z c]ta9ly z wide or a wid] diff]5ce betwe5 liv+ & non-liv+ matt]1 ?\gh x be beyond ! rea* ( sci5ce to detect4 ,= ?is diff]5ce we h to h a "n1 & we use ! words vital1 vitality1 :i* seem to me to /& = z und5iable realities z ! words heat1 light1 *emical aff9ity1 gravitation4 ,!re is n a pr9ciple ( r\ndness1 ?\gh nature c5tres into balls1 nor ( squ>5ess1 ?\gh cry/allization is 9 "r l9es1 nor ( aquosity1 ?\gh two ?irds ( ! surface ( ! e>? is cov]$ ) wat]4 ,c we on any bett] philosophical gr\nds say t !re is a pr9ciple ( vitality1 ?\gh ! e>? sw>ms ) liv+ be+s8 ,yet ! ^w vitality /&s = a reality1 x /&s = a peculi> activity 9 matt]--= c]ta9 movem5ts & *>act]i/ics = :i* we h no o!r t]m4 ,i fail to see any analogy betwe5 aquosity & t condition ( matt] we call vital or liv+4 ,aquosity is n an activity1 x is a prop]ty1 ! prop]ty ( wetness2 viscosity is a t]m to describe o!r conditions ( matt]2 solidity1 to describe /ill ano!r condition2 & opacity & transp>5cy1 to describe /ill o!rs--z !y affect ano!r ( our s5ses4 ,b ! vital activity 9 matt] is a concrete reality4 ,) x !re goes ! organiz+ t5d5cy or impulse1 & ^u x h+es ! :ole evolution>y movem5t ( ! biological hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,we c d all sorts ( ?+s ) wat] & /ill keep its aquosity4 ,if we resolve x into its con/itu5t gases we de/roy its aquosity1 b by unit+ ^! gases *emically we h ! wetness back aga94 ,b if a body loses its vitality1 its life1 c we by ! p[] ( *emi/ry1 or any o!r p[] )9 our rea*1 br+ ! vitality back to x8 ,c we make ! dead live8 ,y may bray y\r liv+ body 9 a mort>1 de/roy e "o ( its myriad cells1 & yet y may n ext+ui% ! la/ sp>k ( life2 ! protoplasm is /ill liv+4 ,b boil x or bake x & ! vitality is gone1 & all ! art & sci5ce ( mank9d _c br+ x back aga94 ,! physical & *emical activities rema9 aft] ! vital activities h ceas$4 ,d we n !n h to supply a non-*emical1 a non-physical =ce or factor to acc\nt = ! liv+ body8 ,is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 ! gr[? ( a plant or an animal1 & ! increase 9 size ( a s&-bank or a sn[-bank1 or a riv] delta8 or betwe5 ! we> & repair ( a work+-man's body & ! we> & repair ( ! ma*9e he drives8 ,excretion & secretion are n 9 ! same categories4 ,! liv+ & ! non-liv+ m>k (f ! two gr& divisions ( matt] 9 ! _w 9 :i* we live1 z no two t]ms m]ely descriptive ( *emical & physical ph5om5a ev] c4 ,life is a motion 9 matt]1 b ( ano!r ord] f t ( ! physico-*emical1 ?\gh insep>able f x4 ,we may =ego ! conv5i5t t]m vital =ce4 ,mod]n sci5ce %ies at ! t]m =ce4 ,we mu/ h =ce or en]gy or pressure ( "s k9d to lift dead matt] up into ! myriad =ms ( life1 ?\gh 9 ! la/ analysis ( x x may all date f ! sun4 ,:5 x builds a liv+ body1 we call x a vital =ce2 :5 x builds a gravel-bank1 or moves a glaci]1 we call x a me*anical =ce2 :5 x writes a poem or composes a symphony1 we call x a psy*ic =ce--all di/9ctions :i* we _c well disp5se )1 ?\gh ( ! ultimate reality = :i* ^! t]ms /& we c "k little4 ,9 ! late/ sci5ce heat & light are n sub/ances1 ?\gh electricity is4 ,!y are peculi> motions 9 matt] :i* give rise to s5sations 9 c]ta9 liv+ bodies t we "n light & heat1 z ano!r peculi> motion 9 matt] gives rise to a s5sation we call s\nd4 ,life is ano!r k9d ( motion 9 c]ta9 aggregates ( matt]--m my/]i\s or inexplicable ?an all o!rs because x _c be describ$ 9 t]ms ( ! o!rs1 & because x defies ! art & sci5ce ( man to reproduce4 ,?\gh ! concepts vital =ce & life pr9ciple h no /&+ 9 ! c\rt ( mod]n biological sci5ce1 x is int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ (t5 rec\rse is _h by biological writ]s to t]ms t embody ! same idea4 ,?us ! ,g]man physiologi/ ,v]worn1 ! det]m9$ enemy ( ! old conception ( life1 9 8 great "w on ,irritability1 has rec\rse to ! specific en]gy ( liv+ sub/ances4 ,"o is =c$ to believe t )\t ?is specific en]gy 8 liv+ sub/ances w\ld nev] h aris5 out ( ! non-liv+4 ,pr(essor ,moore1 ( ,liv]pool ,univ]sity1 z ,i h already po9t$ out :ile discuss+ ! t]m vital =ce1 inv5ts a new phrase1 biotic en]gy1 to expla9 ! same ph5om5a4 ,surely a =ce by any o!r "n is no m & no less pot5t4 ,bo? ,v]worn & ,moore feel ! ne$1 z we all d1 ( "s t]m1 or t]ms1 by :i* to expla9 t activity 9 matt] :i* we call vital4 ,o!r writ]s h ref]r$ to a peculi> p[] ( syn!sis 9 plants & animals1 :i* ! inanimate =ms d n possess4 ,ray ,lanke/]1 to :om ,i h already ref]r$ 9 discuss+ ?is subject1 helps himself out by inv5t+1 n a new =ce1 b a new sub/ance 9 :i* he fancies resides ! peculi> prop]ty ( liv+ matt]4 ,he calls ?is hypo!tical sub/ance plasmog51 & ?9ks ( x z an ultimate *emical comp\nd hidd5 9 protoplasm4 ,has ?is ultimate molecule ( life any m sci5tific or philosophical validity ?an ! old conception ( a vital =ce8 ,x looks v mu* l ano!r "n = ! same ?+--an attempt to give ! m9d some?+ to take hold ( 9 deal+ ) ! my/]y ( liv+ ?+s4 ,?is imag9>y life-/uff ( ! ,briti% sci5ti/ is entirely beyond ! rea* ( *emical analysis2 no man has ev] se5 x or prov$ its exi/5ce4 ,9 fact x is simply an inv5tion ( ,ray ,lanke/] to fill a break 9 ! sequ5ce ( obs]v$ ph5om5a4 ,some?+ seems to possess ! p[] ( />t+ or k9dl+ t organiz+ activity 9 a liv+ body1 & x seems to me x matt]s little :e!r we call x plasmog51 or a life pr9ciple1 or biotic en]gy1 or :at n2 x surely leav5s ! loaf4 ,matt] takes on new activities "u its influ5ce4 ,ray ,lanke/] ?9ks t plasmog5 came into be+ 9 e>ly geologic ages1 & t ! conditions :i* l$ to its =mation h probably nev] recurr$4 ,:e!r he ?9ks its =mation 0 m]ely a *ance hit or n1 he does n say4 ,we see matt] all ab\t u1 act$ ^u by ! me*anico-*emical =ces1 t nev] takes on any ( ! di/9ctive ph5om5a ( liv+ bodies4 ,yet ,v]worn is conv9c$ t if we c\ld br+ ! elem5ts ( a liv+ body toge!r z ,nature does1 9 ! same ord] & proportion1 & comb9e !m 9 ! selfsame way1 or br+ ab\t ! vital conditions1 a liv+ be+ w\ld result4 ,und\bt$ly4 ,x am\nts to say+ t if we _h ,nature's p[] we c\ld d :at %e does4 ,if we c\ld m>ry ! elem5ts z %e does1 & bless ! banns z %e seems to1 we c\ld build a man out ( a clay-bank4 ,b cle>ly physics & *emi/ry alone1 z we "k & practice !m1 are n equal to ! task4 ,,iii ,"o ( ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( life is p[] ( adaptation2 x w adapt itself to almo/ any condition2 x is will+ & accommodat+4 ,x is l a /ream t c be turn$ into v>i\s *annels2 ! gall insects turn x into *annels to suit _! ends :5 !y /+ ! leaf ( a tree or ! /alk ( a plant1 & deposit an egg 9 ! w\nd4 ,build me a home & a nurs]y = my "y1 says ! insect4 ,) all my he>t1 says ! leaf1 & =?) =gets its function z a leaf1 & proce$s to build up a /ructure1 (t5 ( great delicacy & complexity1 to h\se & cradle its enemy4 ,! curr5t ( life fl[s on bl9dly & takes any =m impos$ ^u x4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! vegetable galls x takes life to control life4 ,man _c produce ^! galls by artificial means4 ,b we c take v>i\s me*anical & *emical lib]ties ) embryonic animal life 9 its l[] sea-=ms4 ,pr(essor ,loeb has f]tiliz$ ! eggs ( sea-ur*9s by artificial means4 ,! eggs ( c]ta9 =ms may be made to produce tw9s by alt]+ ! con/itution ( ! sea-wat]1 & ! tw9s c be made to gr[ toge!r s z to produce mon/rosities by ano!r *emical *ange 9 ! sea-wat]4 ,! eyes ( c]ta9 fi% embryos may be fus$ into a s+le cyclopean eye by add+ magnesium *loride to ! wat] 9 :i* !y live4 ,loeb says1 ,x is a priori obvi\s t an unlimit$ numb] ( pa?ological v>iations might be produc$ by a v>iation 9 ! conc5tration & con/itution ( ! sea wat]1 & exp]i5ce confirms ?is /atem5t4 ,x has be5 f\nd t :5 frog's eggs are turn$ upside d[n & compress$ betwe5 two glass plates = a numb] ( h\rs1 "s ( ! eggs give rise to tw9s4 ,pr(essor ,morgan f\nd t if he de/roy$ half ( a frog's egg aft] ! fir/ segm5tation1 ! rema9+ half gave rise to half an embryo1 b t if he put ! half-egg upside d[n1 & compress$ x betwe5 two glass plates1 he got a p]fect embryo frog ( half ! normal size4 ,su* ?+s %[ h[ pla/ic & adaptive life is4 ,dr4 ,c>rel's exp]im5ts ) liv+ animal tissue imm]s$ 9 a prop] "m-liquid illu/rate h[ ! vital process--cell-multiplication--may be induc$ to g on & on1 bl9dly1 aimlessly1 = an almo/ indef9ite "t4 ,! cells multiply1 b !y d n organize !mselves into a con/ructive community & build an organ or any purposeful "p4 ,!y may be lik5$ to a lot ( bl9d masons pil+ up brick & mort> )\t any ar*itect to direct _! "w or furni% !m a plan4 ,a liv+ body ( ! high] type is n m]ely an association ( cells2 x is an association & cop]ation ( communities ( cells1 ea* community work+ to a def9ite end & build+ an h>moni\s :ole4 ,! bio*emi/ :o w\ld produce life 9 ! laboratory has be=e him ! problem ( comp\nd+ matt] *>g$ ) ?is organiz+ t5d5cy or p[]1 & d\btless if he ev] %\ld evoke ?is my/]i\s process ?r\gh 8 *emical reactions1 x w\ld possess ?is p[]1 z ?is is :at di/+ui%es ! organic f ! inorganic4 ,i d n see m9d or intellig5ce 9 ! inorganic _w 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i see x 9 ! organic4 ,9 ! heav5s "o sees p[]1 va/ness1 sublimity1 unspeakable1 b "o sees only ! physical laws work+ on a gr&] scale ?an on ! e>?4 ,cele/ial me*anics d n diff] f t]re/rial me*anics1 h[ev] trem5d\s & impos+ ! result ( _! activities4 ,b 9 ! humble/ liv+ ?+--9 a spe> ( grass by ! roadside1 9 a gnat1 9 a flea--!re lurks a great] my/]y4 ,9 an animate body1 h[ev] small1 !re abides some?+ ( :i* we get no trace 9 ! va/ rea*es ( a/ronomy1 a k9d ( activity t is incalculable1 indet]m9ate1 & sup]-me*anical1 n lawless1 b mak+ its own laws1 & escap+ f ! iron necessity t rules 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,our ma!matics & our sci5ce c break into ! circle ( ! cele/ial & ! t]re/rial =ces1 & weigh & measure & sep>ate !m1 & 9 a degree und]/& !m2 b ! =ces ( life defy our analysis z well z our syn!sis4 ,kn[+ z we d all ! elem5ts t make up ! body & bra9 ( a man1 all ! physiological processes1 & all ! relations & int]dep5d5ce ( 8 v>i\s organs1 if1 9 addition1 we knew all 8 inh]itances1 8 :ole ance/ry back to ! primordial cells f :i* he sprang1 & if we also knew t ( e p]son ) :om he comes 9 contact & :o influ5ces 8 life1 c\ld we =eca/ 8 future1 pr$ict ! orbit 9 :i* 8 life w\ld revolve1 indicate its eclipses1 its p]turbations1 & ! l1 z we d t ( an a/ronomic body8 or c\ld we =esee 8 aff9ities & comb9ations z we d t ( a *emical body8 ,_h we kn[n any ( ! animal =ms 9 8 l9e ( asc5t1 c\ld we h =etold man z we "k him to-day8 ,c\ld we h =etold ! future ( any =m ( life f its remote beg9n+s8 ,w\ld our ma!matics & our *emi/ry h be5 ( any avail 9 our deal+ ) su* a problem8 ,biology is n 9 ! same category ) geology & a/ronomy4 ,9 ! inorganic _w1 *emical aff9ity builds up & pulls d[n4 ,x integrates ! rocks &1 "u *ang$ conditions1 x dis9tegrates !m4 ,9 ! organic _w *emical aff9ity is equally active1 b x plays a subord9ate "p4 ,x nei!r builds up nor pulls d[n4 ,vital activities1 if we mu/ %un ! t]m vital =ce1 d bo?4 ,b>r+ accid5ts1 ! life ( all organisms is t]m9at$ by o!r organisms4 ,9 ! ord] ( nature1 life de/roys life1 & comp\nds de/roy comp\nds4 ,:5 ! air & soil & wat] hold no invisible liv+ g]ms1 organic bodies nev] decay4 ,x is n ! heat t begets putrefaction1 b g]ms 9 ! air4 ,suffici5t heat kills ! g]ms1 b :at dis9tegrates ! g]ms & r$uces !m to du/8 ,o!r /ill small] organisms8 & s on ad inf9itum8 ,does ! sequ5ce ( life h no end8 ,! de/ruction ( "o *emical comp\nd means ! =mation ( o!r *emical comp\nds2 *emical aff9ity _c be annull$1 b ! activity we call vital is easily arre/$4 ,a liv+ body c be kill$1 b a *emical body c only be *ang$ into ano!r *emical body4 ,! lea/ ( liv+ ?+s1 ,i repeat1 holds a m pr(\nd my/]y ?an all our a/ronomy & our geology hold4 ,x introduces u to activities :i* our ma!matics d n help u to deal )4 ,our sci5ce c describe ! processes ( a liv+ body1 & "n all ! mat]ial elem5ts t ent] into x1 b x _c tell u 9 :at ! peculi> activity consi/s1 or j :at x is t diff]5tiates liv+ matt] f non-liv+4 ,its analysis reveals no diff]5ce4 ,b ?is diff]5ce consi/s 9 some?+ beyond ! rea* ( *emi/ry & ( physics2 x is active intellig5ce1 ! p[] ( self-direction1 ( self-adju/m5t1 ( self-ma9t5ance1 ( adapt+ means to an end4 ,x is notori\s t ! h& _c always cov] ! flea2 ?is atom has w1 & kn[s ! road to safety4 ,behold :at our bodies "k ov] & above :at we "k6 ,pr(essor ,czapek reveals to u a *emi/ at "w 9 ! body :o proce$s precisely l ! *emi/ 9 8 laboratory2 !y might bo? h graduat$ at ! same s*ool4 ,?us ! *emi/ 9 ! laboratory is accu/om$ to dissolve ! sub/ance :i* is to be us$ 9 an exp]im5t to react on o!r sub/ances4 ,! *emical c\rse 9 liv+ cells is ! same4 ,all sub/ances de/9$ = reactions are fir/ dissolv$4 ,no comp\nd is tak5 up 9 liv+ cells be=e x is dissolv$4 ,dige/ion is ess5tially id5tical ) dissolv+ or br++ into a liquid /ate4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! *emi/ wi%es to pres]ve a liv+ sub/ance f *emical *ange1 he transf]s x f a /ate ( solution into a solid /ate4 ,! *emi/ 9 ! liv+ body does ! same ?+4 ,sub/ances :i* are to be /or$ up1 su* z />*1 fat1 or prote9 bodies1 are deposit$ 9 insoluble =m1 ready to be dissolv$ & us$ :5ev] want$ = ! life processes4 ,poison\s sub/ances are elim9at$ f liv+ bodies by ! same process ( precipitation4 ,oxalic acid is a product ( oxidation 9 liv+ cells1 & has /rong poison\s prop]ties4 ,to get rid ( x1 ! *emi/ inside ! body1 by ! aid ( calcium salts1 =ms insoluble comp\nds ( x1 & ?us ca/s x out4 ,to sep>ate sub/ances f ea* o!r by filtration1 or by %ak+ ) suitable liquids1 is "o ( ! daily tasks ( ! *emi/4 ,analog\s processes occur regul>ly 9 liv+ cells4 ,aga91 :5 ! *emi/ wi%es to f9i% 8 filtration quickly1 he uses filt]s :i* h a l>ge surface4 ,9 liv+ protoplasms1 ?is condition is v well fulfill$ by ! foam-l /ructure :i* af=ds an imm5se surface 9 a v small space4 ,9 ! laboratory ! *emi/ mixes 8 sub/ances by /irr+4 ,! body *emi/ a*ieves ! same result by ! /ream+ ( protoplasm4 ,! cells "k :at !y want1 & h[ to atta9 x1 z cle>ly z ! *emi/ does4 ,! intellig5ce ( ! liv+ body1 or :at we mu/ call su* = want ( a bett] t]m1 is %[n 9 scores ( ways--by ! means x takes to protect itself aga9/ microbes1 by ! antitox9s t x =ms4 ,inde$1 if we knew all t our bodies "k1 :at my/]ies w\ld be reveal$ to u6 ,,iv ,life goes up-/ream--goes aga9/ ! t5d5cy to a /atic equilibrium 9 matt]2 decay & dea? g d[n4 ,:at is x 9 ! body t /ruggles aga9/ poisons & seeks to neutralize _! effects8 ,:at is x t protects ! body aga9/ a second attack ( c]ta9 diseases1 mak+ x immune8 ,*emical *anges1 und\bt$ly1 b :at br+s ab\t ! *emical *anges8 ,! body is a colony ( liv+ units call$ cells1 t behaves mu* l a colony ( insects :5 x takes measures to protect itself aga9/ its enemies4 ,! body =ms anti-tox9s :5 x has to4 ,x kn[s h[ to d x z well z bees "k h[ to v5tilate ! hive1 or h[ to seal up or entomb ! grub ( an invad+ mo?4 ,inde$1 h[ mu* ! act ( ! body1 9 ency/+ a bullet 9 its tissues1 is l ! act ( ! bees 9 encas+ ) wax a worm 9 ! combs6 ,:at is t 9 ! body :i* at great altitudes increases ! numb] ( r$ corpuscles 9 ! blood1 ^? oxyg5-be>]s1 s z to make up = ! less5$ am\nt ( oxyg5 brea!d by reason ( ! r>ity ( ! air8 ,"u su* conditions1 ! am\nt ( hmoglob9 is almo/ d\bl$4 ,i d n call ?is ?+ a =ce2 ,i call x an intellig5ce--! intellig5ce t p]vades ! body & all animate nature1 & does ! "r ?+ at ! "r "t4 ,we1 no d\bt1 speak too loosely ( x :5 we say t x prompts or causes ! body to d ?is1 or to d t2 x is ! body2 ! relation ( ! two has no human analogy2 ! two are "o4 ,man breaks into ! circuit ( ! natural inorganic =ces & arre/s !m & controls !m1 & makes !m d 8 "w--turn 8 :eels1 drive 8 eng9es1 run 8 err&s1 etc42 b he _c d ?is 9 ! same s5se ) ! organic =ces2 he _c put a spell ^u ! p9e tree & cause x to build him a h\se or a nurs]y4 ,only ! insects c d a ?+ l t2 only c]ta9 insects c break into ! circuit ( vegetable life & div]t its =ces to s]ve _! special ends4 ,"o k9d ( an insect /+s a bud or a leaf ( ! oak1 & ! tree =?) gr[s a solid nutlike protub]ance ! size ( a *e/nut1 9 :i* ! l>v ( ! insect live & fe$ & mature4 ,ano!r insect /+s ! same leaf & produces ! common oak-apple--a smoo?1 r\nd1 gre51 %ell-l body fill$ ) a network ( radiat+ filam5ts1 ) ! egg & !n ! grub ( ! insect at ! c5tre4 ,/ill ano!r k9d ( insect /+s ! oak bud & deposits its eggs !re1 & ! oak proce$s to gr[ a l>ge :ite ball made up ( a k9d ( succul5t vegetable wool ) r$ spots ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] its surface1 z if x 7 "s k9d ( spott$ fruit or fl[]4 ,9 ,june1 x is ab\t ! size ( a small apple4 ,cut x 9 half & y f9d scores ( small %ell-l gr[?s radiat+ f ! bud-/em1 l ! se$s ( ! d&elion1 ea* ) a k9d ( vegetable pappus ris+ f x1 & toge!r mak+ up ! ball z ! pappus ( ! d&elion se$s makes up ! se$-globe ( ?is plant4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> vegetable products1 or vegetable p]v]sions1 t ,i "k (4 ,a %am fruit fill$ ) %am se$s2 ea* se$-l gr[? conta9s a grub1 :i* lat] 9 ! season pupates & eats its way out1 a w+$ insect4 ,h[ =eign to any?+ we "k z me*anical or *emical x all is6--! surpris+ & incalculable tricks ( life6 ,ano!r k9d ( insect /+s ! oak leaf & !re develops a pale1 smoo?1 solid1 semi-transp>5t sph]e1 ! size ( a rob9's egg1 d5se & succul5t l ! fle% ( an apple1 ) ! l>v ( ! insect subsi/+ 9 its int]ior4 ,ea* ( ^! widely diff]5t =ms is evok$ f ! oak leaf by ! magic ( an insect's ovipositor4 ,*emically1 ! con/itu5ts ( all ( !m are und\bt$ly ! same4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & sugge/ive ?+s 9 liv+ nature4 ,x %[s h[ pla/ic & v]satile life is1 & h[ utt]ly unme*anical4 ,life plays s _m & su* v>i\s tunes ^u ! same in/rum5ts2 or r1 ! liv+ organism is l _m in/rum5ts 9 "o2 ! tones ( all in/rum5ts slumb] 9 x to be awak5$ :5 ! "r p]=m] appe>s4 ,at lea/ f\r diff]5t insects get f\r diff]5t tunes1 s to speak1 out ( ! oak leaf4 ,c]ta9 insects avail !mselves ( ! animal organism also & g ?r\gh _! cycle ( developm5t & metamorphosis )9 its tissues or organs 9 a simil> mann]4 ,v ,on ! ?re%old ( ! _w ( liv+ organisms /&s t wond]ful m9ute body1 ! cell1 ! unit ( life--a piece ( self-regulat+ & self-r5ew+ me*anism t holds ! key to all ! myriads ( liv+ =ms t fill ! _w1 f ! amoeba up to man4 ,= *emi/ry to produce ! cell is app>5tly z impossible z = x to produce a bird's egg1 or a liv+ fl[]1 or ! he>t & bra9 ( man4 ,! body is a communal /ate made up ( myriads ( cells t all "w toge!r to build up & keep go+ ! human p]sonality4 ,!re is ! same cop]ation & division ( labor t takes place 9 ! civic /ate1 & 9 c]ta9 insect communities4 ,z 9 ! social & political organism1 ?\s&s ( ! citiz5 cells die e day & new cells ( ! same k9d take _! place4 ,or1 x is l an army 9 battle be+ con/antly recruit$--z fa/ z a soldi] falls ano!r takes 8 place1 till ! :ole army is *ang$1 & yet rema9s ! same4 ,! wa/e is greate/ at ! surface ( ! body ?r\gh ! sk91 & ?r\gh ! /oma* & lungs4 ,! work] cells1 namely1 ! tissue cells1 l ! work] bees 9 ! hive1 pass away ! mo/ rapidly2 !n1 accord+ to ,haeckel1 !re are c]ta9 con/ants1 c]ta9 cells t rema9 ?r\gh\t life4 ,!re is always a solid gr\ndwork ( cons]vative cells1 ! desc5dants ( :i* secure ! fur!r reg5]ation4 ,! traditions ( ! /ate are kept up by ! citiz5-cells t rema91 s t1 ?\gh all is *ang$ 9 "t1 ! g5ius ( ! /ate rema9s2 ! individuality ( ! man is n lo/4 ,! s5se ( p]sonal id5tity is ma9ta9$ across ! flight ( molecules1 j z x is ma9ta9$ 9 ! /ate or nation1 by ! units t rema91 & by ! e/abli%$ ord]4 ,!re is an unwritt5 con/itution1 a _s t gov]ns1 l ,maet]l9ck's _s ( ! hive4 ,! traditions ( ! body are h&$ d[n f "m cell to daught] cell1 ?\gh j :at t means 9 t]ms ( physiology or metabolism ,i d n "k4 ,b ?is we "k--t y are y & ,i am ,i1 & t human life & p]sonality c nev] be fully expla9$ or acc\nt$ = 9 t]ms ( ! mat]ial =ces4 ,,viii ,,life ,,& ,,sci5ce ,i ,! limit$ & peculi> activity :i* arises 9 matt] & :i* we call vital2 :i* comes & goes2 :i* w n /ay to be analyz$2 :i* we 9 va9 try to reproduce 9 our laboratories2 :i* is insep>able f *emi/ry & physics1 b :i* is n summ$ up by !m2 :i* seems to use !m & direct !m to new ends1--an entity :i* seems to h invad$ ! k+dom ( in]t matt] at "s def9ite "t 9 ! e>?'s hi/ory1 & to h set up an insurg5t movem5t !re2 cutt+ across ! circuits ( ! me*anical & *emical =ces2 turn+ !m ab\t1 pitt+ "o aga9/ ! o!r2 avail+ itself ( gravity1 ( *emical aff9ity1 ( fluids & gases1 ( osmosis & exosmosis1 ( colloids1 ( oxidation & hydration1 & yet explicable by none ( ^! ?+s2 clo?+ itself ) g>m5ts ( w>m? & color & p]fume wov5 f ! cold1 ins5sate elem5ts2 sett+ up new activities 9 matt]2 build+ up myriads ( new un/able comp\nds2 /ruggl+ aga9/ ! t5d5cy ( ! physical =ces to a dead equilibrium2 indet]m9ate1 int]mitt5t1 fugitive2 limit$ 9 "t1 limit$ 9 space2 pres5t 9 "s worlds1 abs5t f o!rs2 break+ up ! old r\t9e ( ! mat]ial =ces1 & in/itut+ new curr5ts1 new t5d5cies2 dep>t+ f ! l9e> activities ( ! inorganic1 & sett+ up ! circul> activities ( liv+ curr5ts2 replac+ *ange by metamorphosis1 revolution by evolution1 accretion by secretion1 cry/allization by cell-=mation1 aggregation by gr[?2 &1 f9ally1 introduc+ a new p[] into ! _w--! m9d & s\l ( man--?is wond]ful1 & app>5tly transc5d5tal some?+ :i* we call life--h[ baffl+ & yet h[ fasc9at+ is ! inquiry into its nature & orig96 ,are we to reg>d x z ,tyndall did1 & z o!rs be=e & s9ce 8 "t did & d1 z pot5tial 9 ! con/itution ( matt]1 & self-evolv$1 l ! *emical comp\nds t are involv$ 9 its processes8 ,z me*anical en]gy is lat5t 9 coal1 & 9 all combu/ible bodies1 is vital en]gy lat5t 9 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & s =?1 ne$+ only ! "r conditions to br+ x out8 ,me*anical en]gy is conv]tible into electrical en]gy1 & vice v]sa4 ,inde$1 ! circle ( ! physical =ces is easily trac$1 easily brok5 into1 b :5 or h[ ^! =ces m]ge into ! vital & psy*ic =ces1 or support !m1 or become !m--!re is ! puzzle4 ,if we limit ! natural to ! inorganic ord]1 !n are liv+ bodies sup]natural8 ,sup]-me*anical & sup]-*emical c]ta9ly1 & *emics & me*anics & electro-/atics include all ! mat]ial =ces4 ,is life outside ?is circle8 ,x is c]ta9 t ?is circle does n always include life1 b c life exi/ outside ?is circle8 ,:5 x appe>s x is always inside x4 ,sci5ce c only deal ) life z a physical ph5om5on2 z a psy*ic ph5om5on x is beyond its scope1 except s f> z ! psy*ic is manife/$ ?r\gh ! physical4 ,n till x has produc$ liv+ matt] f dead c x speak ) au?ority ^u ! "q ( ! orig9 ( life4 ,its prov9ce is limit$ to ! description & analysis ( life processes1 b :5 x essays to "n :at in/itutes ! processes1 or to disclose ! secret ( organization1 x becomes philosophy or !ology4 ,:5 ,haeckel says t life orig9at$ spontane\sly1 he does n speak ) ! au?ority ( sci5ce1 because he _c prove 8 ass]tion2 x is 8 op9ion1 & t is all4 ,:5 ,helmholtz says t life _h no beg9n+1 he is 9 ! same case4 ,:5 our lat] biophysici/s say t life is ( physico-*emical orig91 !y are 9 ! same case2 :5 ,tyndall says t !re is no en]gy 9 ! univ]se b sol> en]gy1 he is 9 ! same case2 :5 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge says t life is an entity outside ( & indep5d5t ( matt]1 he is 9 ! same case4 ,philosophy & !ology c take leaps 9 ! d>k1 b sci5ce mu/ h solid gr\nd to g ^u4 ,:5 x speculates or !orizes1 x mu/ make its speculations good4 ,sci5tific prophecy is am5able to ! same te/s z o!r prophecy4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( pro( by exp]im5t--sci5tific pro(--to get ! liv+ out ( ! non-liv+ we h ei!r got to conceive ( matt] itself z fundam5tally creative1 z ! new mat]ialism assumes1 or else we h got to h an ext]nal ,creator1 z ! old !ology assumes4 ,& ! diff]5ce is m app>5t ?an real4 ,tyndall is baffl$ & bewild]$ by ! fact t out ( its molecul> vibrations & activities ?+s s utt]ly incongru\s ) !m z s5sation1 ?\ght1 & emotion c be d]iv$4 ,8 sci5ce is baffl$ & bewild]$ because x _c1 b\nd z x is by ! iron law ( ! cons]vation & correlation ( en]gy1 trace ! connection betwe5 !m4 ,b 8 philosophy or 8 !ology w\ld exp]i5ce little difficulty4 ,h5ri ,b]gson %[s no hesitation 9 decl>+ t ! fate ( consci\sness is n involv$ 9 ! fate ( ! bra9 ?r\gh :i* x is manife/$1 b x is 8 philosophy & n 8 sci5ce t inspires ?is fai?4 ,tyndall deifies matt] to get life out ( x--makes ! creative en]gy pot5tial 9 x4 ,b]gson deifies or spiritualizes life z a psy*ic1 creative pr9ciple1 & makes matt] its in/rum5t or vehicle4 ,sci5ce is supreme 9 its own sph]e1 ! sph]e1 or hemisph]e1 ( ! objective _w1 b x does n embrace ! :ole ( human life1 because human life is made up ( two sph]es1 or hemisph]es1 "o ( :i* is ! subjective _w4 ,!re is a _w )9 u also1 ! _w ( our memories1 ?\ghts1 emotions1 aspirations1 imag9+s1 :i* ov]>*es ! _w ( our practical lives & mat]ial exp]i5ce1 z ! sky ov]>*es ! e>?4 ,x is 9 ! _s ( sci5ce t we conqu] & use ! mat]ial _w 9 :i* we live2 x is 9 ! _s ( art & lit]ature1 philosophy & religion1 t we explore & draw ^u ! immat]ial _w ( our own he>ts & s\ls4 ,( c\rse ! man ( sci5ce is also a philosoph]--may ,i n ev5 say he is also a prophet & poet8 ,n o!rwise c\ld he organize 8 sci5tific facts & see _! due relations1 see _! drift & ! sequ5ce ( =ces t b9d ! univ]se into a :ole4 ,z a man ( sci5ce he traces out ! causes ( ! tides & ! seasons1 ! nature & orig9 ( disease1 & a ?\s& & "o o!r ?+s2 b only z a philosoph] c he see ! body z a :ole & speculate ab\t ! my/]y ( its organization2 only z a philosoph] c he frame !ories & comp>e values & int]pret ! ph5om5a he sees ab\t him4 ,,ii ,we c only "k1 9 ! sci5tific s5se1 ! physical & *emical ph5om5a ( life2 its ess5ce1 its orig91 we c only "k z philosophy & idealism "k !m4 ,we h to turn philosoph]s :5 we ask any ultimate "q4 ,! feel+ we h t ! sci5tific conception ( life is inadequate spr+s f ! philosophical habit ( m9d4 ,yet ?is habit is q z legitimate z ! sci5tific habit1 & is b\nd to supplem5t ! latt] all ?r\gh life4 ,! great m5 ( sci5ce1 l ,d>w9 & ,huxley1 are philosoph]s 9 _! !ories & conclusions1 & m5 ( sci5ce 9 _! obs]vations & exp]im5ts4 ,! limitations ( sci5ce 9 deal+ ) su* a problem are se5 9 ! fact t sci5ce c take no /ep till x has life to beg9 )4 ,:5 x has got ! liv+ body1 x c analyze its ph5om5a & r$uce !m to _! *emical & physical equival5ts1 & ?us p]suade itself t ! secret ( life may yet be hit ^u 9 ! laboratory4 ,pr(essor ,czapek1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,prague1 9 8 "w on ,! ,*emical ,ph5om5a ( ,life speaks = sci5ce :5 he says1 ,:at we call life is no?+ else b a complex ( innum]able *emical reactions 9 ! liv+ sub/ance :i* we call protoplasm4 ,! liv+ sub/ance is assum$ to beg9 )1 & !n we are told t ! secret ( its liv+ lies 9 its *emical & physical processes4 ,?is is 9 "o s5se true4 ,no d\bt at all t if ^! processes 7 arre/$1 life w\ld spe$ily end1 b d !y alone acc\nt = its orig98 ,is x n l acc\nt+ = a baby 9 t]ms ( its brea?+ & eat+8 ,x 0 a baby be=e x did ei!r1 & x w\ld seem z if life mu/ 9 "s way ante-date ! physical & *emical processes t att5d x1 or at lea/ be b\nd up 9 !m 9 a way t no sci5tific analysis c reveal4 ,if life is m]ely a mode ( motion 9 matt]1 x is fundam5tally unlike any & all o!r modes ( motion1 because1 :ile we c in/itute all ! o!rs at w1 we are p[]less to in/itute ?is4 ,! mode ( motion we call heat is go+ on 9 v>y+ degrees ( velocity all ab\t u at all times & seasons1 b ! vital motion ( matt] is limit$ to a comp>atively n>r[ circle4 ,we c end x1 b we _c />t x4 ,! rigidly sci5tific type ( m9d sees no great] my/]y 9 ! diff]5ce 9 cont\r ( diff]5t animal bodies ?an a m]e diff]5ce 9 ! d5sity ( ! g]m cells3 "o d5sity results 9 a sequ5ce ( cell-d5sities to =m a horse2 ano!r a dog2 ano!r a cat2 & av]s t if we repeat ! same complex conditions1 ! same results are z inevitable z ! sequ5ces ( =ces t result 9 ! =mation ( hydrog5 monoxide f hydrog5 & oxyg54 ,diff]5t degrees ( d5sity may ?r[ light on ! diff]5t behavior ( gases & fluids & solids1 b c x ?r[ any light on ! "q ( :y a horse is a horse1 & a dog a dog8 or :y "o is an h]bivor\s fe$]1 & ! o!r a c>nivor\s8 ,! sci5tific explanation ( life ph5om5a is analog\s to r$uc+ a liv+ body to its a%es & po9t+ to !m--! lime1 ! iron1 ! phosphorus1 ! hydrog51 ! oxyg51 ! c>bon1 ! nitrog5--z ! :ole secret4 ,pr(essor ,czapek is n entirely consi/5t4 ,he says t x is 8 conviction t !re is some?+ 9 physiology t transc5ds ! *emi/ry & ! physics ( inorganic nature4 ,at ! same "t he affirms1 ,x becomes m & m improbable t ,life develops =ces :i* are unkn[n 9 inanimate ,nature4 ,b psy*ic =ces are a product ( life1 & !y c]ta9ly are n f\nd 9 inanimate nature4 ,b )\t lay+ /ress ^u ?is fact1 may we n say t if no new =ce is develop$ by1 or is *>act]i/ic (1 life1 c]ta9ly new effects1 new processes1 new comp\nds ( matt] are produc$ by life8 ,matt] und]goes "s *ange t *emical analysis does n reveal4 ,! my/]y ( isom]ic sub/ances appe>s1 a va/ numb] ( new comp\nds ( c>bon appe>1 ! face ( ! e>? *anges4 ,! appe>ance ( life 9 in]t matt] is a *ange analog\s to ! appe>ance ( ! m9d ( man 9 animate nature4 ,! old elem5ts & =ces are turn$ to new & high] uses4 ,man does n add to ! li/ ( =ces or elem5ts 9 ! e>?1 b he develops !m1 & turns !m to new purposes2 !y n[ obey & s]ve him1 j z ! old *emi/ry & physics obey & s]ve life4 ,czapek tells u ( ! va/ numb] ( :at are call$ enzymes1 or f]m5ts1 t appe> 9 liv+ bodies--nev] f\nd 9 inorganic ,nature & n to be ga9$ by *emical syn!sis4 ,ord]s & subord]s ( enzymes1 !y play a "p 9 respiration1 9 dige/ion1 9 assimilation4 ,"s act on ! fats1 "s on ! c>bohydrates1 "s produce inv]sion1 o!rs dissolution & precipitation4 ,^! enzymes are at once ! products & ! ag5ts ( life4 ,!y mu/ ex]t =ce1 *emical =ce1 or1 %all we say1 !y trans=m *emical =ce into life =ce1 or1 to use ,pr(essor ,moore's t]m1 into biotic en]gy8 ,,iii ,! inorganic seems dream+ ( ! organic4 ,behold its dreams 9 ! f]n & tree =ms ^u ! w9d[ pane & ^u ! /one flagg+ ( a w9t] morn+6 ,9 ! ,brunonian movem5t ( matt] 9 solution1 9 cry/allization1 9 *emical aff9ity1 9 pol>ity1 9 osmosis1 9 ! gr[? ( fl9t or *]t nodules1 9 lime/one =mations--l seek+ l--9 ^! & 9 o!r activities1 in]t matt] seems dream+ ( life4 ,! *emi/s h play$ ^u ?is t5d5cy 9 ! inorganic to p>ody or simulate "s ( ! =ms ( liv+ matt]4 ,a not$ ,european *emi/1 ,dr4 ,l$uc1 has produc$ :at he calls osmotic gr[?s1 f purely unorganiz$ m9]al matt]--gr[?s 9 =m l seawe$ & polyps & corals & trees4 ,8 se$s are fragm5ts ( calcium *loride1 & 8 soil is a solution ( ! alkal9e c>bonates1 phosphates1 or silicates4 ,:5 8 se$s are s[n 9 ^! solutions1 we see in]t matt] g]m9at+1 putt+ =? bud & /em & root & bran* & leaf & fruit1 precisely z 9 ! liv+ vegetable k+dom4 ,x is n a gr[? by accretion1 z 9 cry/allization1 b by intussusception1 z 9 life4 ,^! gho/ly ?+s exhibit ! ph5om5a ( circulation & respiration & nutrition1 & a crude sort ( reproduction by budd+2 !y repair _! injuries1 & are able to p]=m p]iodic movem5ts1 j z does an animal or a plant2 !y h a p]iod ( vigor\s y\?ful gr[?1 ( old age1 ( decay1 & ( dea?4 ,9 =m1 9 color1 9 texture1 & 9 cell /ructure1 !y imitate s closely ! cell /ructures ( organic gr[? z to sugge/ some?+ uncanny or diabolical4 ,& yet ! au?or ( !m does n claim t !y are alive4 ,!y are n edible1 !y conta9 no protoplasm--no />* or sug> or peptone or fats or c>bohydrates4 ,^! *emical creations by ,dr4 ,l$uc are /ill dead matt]--dead colloids--only "o remove f cry/allization2 on ! road to life1 =e-runn]s ( life1 b n life4 ,if he c\ld set up ! *lorophyllian process 9 8 *emical reactions among inorganic comp\nds1 ! secret ( life w\ld be 9 8 h&s4 ,b only ! gre5 leaf c produce *lorophyll2 & yet1 :i* 0 fir/1 ! leaf or ! *lorophyll8 ,pr(essor ,czapek is conv9c$ t "s sub/ances mu/ exi/ 9 protoplasm :i* are directly responsible = ! life processes1 & yet ! *emi/s _c isolate & id5tify ^? sub/ances4 ,h[ utt]ly unme*anical a liv+ body is1 at lea/ h[ f> x transc5ds m]e me*anics is %[n by :at ! *emi/s call autolysis4 ,pulv]ize y\r wat*1 & y h completely de/roy$ ev]y?+ t made x a wat* except ! dead matt]2 b pulv]ize or r$uce to a pulp a liv+ plant1 & ?\gh y h de/roy$ all cell /ructure1 y h n yet de/roy$ ! liv+ sub/ance2 y h annihilat$ ! me*anism1 b y h n kill$ ! some?+ t keeps up ! life process4 ,protoplasm takes "t to die1 b y\r ma*9e /ops in/antly1 & its elem5ts are no m pot5t 9 a new ma*9e ?an !y 7 at fir/4 ,9 ! pulp prep>$ by gr9d+ d[n liv+ organisms 9 a mort>1 "s vital ph5om5a cont9ue = a long "t4 ,! life processes cease1 & ! sub/ances or elem5ts ( ! dead body rema9 z be=e4 ,_! *emical reactions are ! same4 ,!re is no new *emi/ry1 no new me*anics1 no new sub/ance 9 a live body1 b !re is a new t5d5cy or =ce or impulse act+ 9 matt]1 inspir+ x1 s to speak1 to new ends4 ,x is "h t idealism p>ts company ) exact sci5ce4 ,x is "h t ! philosoph]s g "o way1 & ! rigid sci5ti/s ! o!r4 ,x is f ?is po9t ( view t ! philosophy ( ,h5ri ,b]gson1 bas$ s l>gely z x is ^u sci5tific mat]ial1 has be5 s bitt]ly assail$ f ! sci5tific camp4 ,! liv+ cell is a wond]ful ma*9e1 b if we ask :i* is fir/1 life or ! cell1 :]e are we8 ,!re is ! syn!tical reaction 9 ! cell1 & ! analytical or splitt+ reaction--! organiz+1 & ! disorganiz+ processes--:at keeps up ?is seesaw & pres]ves ! equilibrium8 ,a life =ce1 said ! old] sci5ti/s2 only *emical laws1 say ! new4 ,a prodigi\s *ange 9 ! behavior ( matt] is wr\ght by life1 & :e!r we say x is by *emical laws1 or by a life =ce1 ! my/]y rema9s4 ,! :ole secret ( life c5tres 9 ! cell1 9 ! plant cell2 & ?is cell does n exce$ 4#jje millimetres 9 diamet]4 ,an enorm\s numb] ( *emical reactions take place 9 ?is m9ute space4 ,x is a _w 9 little4 ,"h are bodies ( diff]5t %apes ^: s]vice is to absorb c>bon dioxide1 & =m sug> & c>bohydrates4 ,mu/ we g outside ( matt] itself1 & ( *emical reactions1 to acc\nt = x8 ,call ?is unkn[n factor vital =ce1 z has s long be5 done1 or "n x biotic en]gy1 z ,pr(essor ,moore has lately done1 & ! my/]y rema9s ! same4 ,x is a new behavior 9 matt]1 call x by :at "n we w4 ,inanimate nature seems gov]n$ by def9ite laws2 t is1 giv5 ! same conditions1 ! same results always foll[4 ,! reactions betwe5 two *emical elem5ts "u ! same conditions are always ! same4 ,! physical =ces g _! un*ang+ ways1 & are v>iable only z ! conditions v>y4 ,9 deal+ ) !m we "k exactly :at to expect4 ,we "k at :at degree ( temp]ature1 "u ! same conditions1 wat] w boil1 & at :at degree ( temp]ature x w freeze4 ,*ance & probability play no "p 9 su* matt]s4 ,b :5 we rea* ! _w ( animate nature1 :at a contra/ we behold6 ,"h1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 all is 9 p]petual flux & *ange4 ,liv+ bodies are nev] two mom5ts ! same4 ,v>iability is ! rule4 ,we nev] "k j h[ a liv+ body w behave1 "u giv5 conditions1 till we try x4 ,a late spr+ fro/ may kill ne>ly e bean /alk or potato plant or hill ( corn 9 y\r g>d51 or ne>ly e %oot ^u y\r grapev9e4 ,! survivors h great] p[]s ( resi/ance--a l>g] measure ( t my/]i\s some?+ we call vitality4 ,"o horse w endure h>d%ips & exposures t w kill scores ( o!rs4 ,:at w agitate "o community w n 9 ! same measure agitate ano!r4 ,:at w break or disc\rage "o human he>t w sit mu* m lightly ^u ano!r4 ,life introduces an elem5t ( unc]ta9ty or indet]m9at5ess t we d n f9d 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,bodies /ill h _! laws or conditions ( activity1 b !y are ela/ic & v>iable4 ,among liv+ ?+s we h 9 a measure escap$ f ! iron necessity t holds ! _w ( dead matt] 9 its grip4 ,dead matt] ev] t5ds to a /atic equilibrium2 liv+ matt] to a dynamic poise1 or a balance betwe5 ! intake & ! output ( en]gy4 ,life is a peculi> activity 9 matt]4 ,if ! bicycli/ /ops1 8 :eel falls d[n2 no me*anical contrivance c\ld be devis$ t c\ld take 8 place on ! :eel1 & no comb9ation ( purely *emical & physical =ces c alone d ) matt] :at life does ) x4 ,! analogy "h h9t$ at is only t5tative4 ,i w\ld n imply t ! relation ( life to matt] is m]ely me*anical & ext]nal1 l t ( ! rid] to 8 :eel4 ,9 life1 ! rid] & 8 :eel are "o1 b :5 life vani%es1 ! :eel falls d[n4 ,! *emical & physical activity ( matt] is p]petual2 ) a high-p[] microscope we may see ! ,brunonian movem5t 9 liquids & gases any "t & at all times1 b ! movem5t we call vitality dom9ates ^! & turns !m to new ends4 ,i suppose ! nature ( ! activity ( ! bomb>d+ molecules ( gases & liquids is ! same 9 our bodies z out2 t turmoil ( ! p>ticles goes on =ev]2 x is1 9 itself1 bl9d1 fateful1 purposeless2 b life furni%es1 or is1 an organiz+ pr9ciple t br+s ord] & purpose out ( ?is *aos4 ,x does n annul any ( ! me*anical or *emical pr9ciples1 b "u its tutelage or inspiration !y produce a ho/ ( new sub/ances1 & a _w ( new & beautiful & wond]ful =ms4 ,,iv ,b]gson says ! intellect is *>act]iz$ by a natural inability to und]/& life4 ,c]ta9 x is1 ,i ?9k1 t sci5ce alone _c grasp its my/]y4 ,we mu/ f9ally appeal to philosophy2 we mu/ h rec\rse to ideal values--to a non-sci5tific or sup]-sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,we _c live intellectually or emotionally ^u sci5ce alone4 ,sci5ce reveals to u ! relations & int]-dep5d5ce ( ?+s 9 ! physical _w & _! relations to our physical well-be+2 philosophy reveals _! relations to our m5tal & spiritual life1 _! mean+s & _! ideal values4 ,poor1 inde$1 is ! man :o has no philosophy1 no comm&+ outlook ov] ! tangles & contradictions ( ! _w ( s5se4 ,!re is probably "s unkn[n & unkn[able factor involv$ 9 ! g5esis ( life1 b t t factor or pr9ciple does n belong to ! natural1 univ]sal ord] is un?9kable4 ,yet to fail to see t :at we mu/ call intellig5ce p]vades & is active 9 all organic nature is to be spiritually bl9d4 ,b to see x z some?+ =eign to or sep>able f nature is to d viol5ce to our fai? 9 ! con/ancy & suffici5cy ( ! natural ord]4 ,"o /> diff]e? f ano!r 9 glory4 ,!re are degrees ( my/]y 9 ! univ]se4 ,! mo/ my/ify+ ?+ 9 inorganic nature is electricity1--t disembodi$ en]gy t slumb]s 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]1 unse51 unfelt1 unkn[n1 till x sudd5ly leaps =? ) su* t]rible vividness & p[] on ! face ( ! /orm1 or till we summon x ?r\gh ! trans=mation ( "s o!r =m ( en]gy4 ,a /ill high] & m inscrutable my/]y is life1 t some?+ :i* clo!s itself 9 ea* inf9itely v>i$ & beautiful z well z unbeautiful =m ( matt]4 ,we c evoke electricity at w f _m diff]5t s\rces1 b we c evoke life only f o!r life2 ! biog5etic law is inviolable4 ,pr(essor ,soddy says1 ,natural philosophy may expla9 a ra9b[ b n a rabbit4 ,!re is no secret ab\t a ra9b[2 we c produce x at w out ( p]fectly colorless beg9n+s4 ,b no?+ b rabbits w or c produce a rabbit1 a pro( aga9 t we _c say :at a rabbit is1 ?\gh we may h a p]fect k ( e anatomical & microscopic detail4 ,to reg>d life z ( non-natural orig9 puts x beyond ! sph]e ( legitimate inquiry2 to look ^u x z ( natural orig91 or z b\nd 9 a *a9 ( *emical sequ5ces1 z s _m late bio*emi/s d1 is /ill to put x :]e our sci5ce _c unlock ! my/]y4 ,if we %\ld ev] succe$ 9 produc+ liv+ matt] 9 our laboratories1 x w\ld n less5 ! my/]y any m ?an ! bir? ( a baby 9 ! h\sehold less5s ! my/]y ( g5]ation4 ,x only br+s x ne>] home4 ,v ,:at is peculi> to organic nature is ! liv+ cell4 ,inside ! cell1 d\btless1 ! same old *emi/ry & physics g on--! same univ]sal law ( ! trans=mation ( en]gy is op]ative4 ,9 its m9ute compass ! transmutation ( ! inorganic into ! organic1 :i* con/itutes :at ,tyndall call$ ! miracle & ! my/]y ( vitality1 is p]petually enact$4 ,b :at is ! secret ( ! cell itself8 ,sci5ce is p[]less to tell u4 ,y may po9t out to y\r he>t's cont5t t only *emical & physical =ces are discov]able 9 liv+ matt]2 t !re is no elem5t or =ce 9 a plant t is n 9 ! /one beside :i* x grew1 or 9 ! soil 9 :i* x takes root2 & yet1 until y\r *emi/ry & y\r physics w enable y to produce ! liv+ cell1 or acc\nt = its my/]i\s self-direct$ activities1 y\r sci5ce avails n4 ,liv+ cells1 says a late ,european au?ority1 possess mo/ effective means to accel]ate reactions & to cause surpris+ *emical results4 ,behold ! f\r pr9cipal elem5ts =m+ /ones & soils & wat] & air = :ole geologic or a/ronomic ages1 & !n behold !m =m+ plants & animals1 & f9ally =m+ ! bra9s t give u art & lit]ature & philosophy & mod]n civilization4 ,:at prompt$ ! elem5ts to ?is new & extraord9>y behavior8 ,sci5ce is dumb be=e su* a "q4 ,liv+ bodies are imm]s$ 9 physical conditions z 9 a sea4 ,ext]nal ag5cies--light1 moi/ure1 air1 gravity1 me*anical & *emical influ5ces--cause great *anges 9 !m2 b _! p[] to adapt !mselves to ^! *anges1 & pr(it by !m1 rema9s unexpla9$4 ,are morphological processes id5tical ) *emical ones8 ,9 ! inorganic _w we ev]y:]e see me*anical adju/m5t1 repose1 /ability1 equilibrium1 ?r\gh ! action & int]action ( outw>d physical =ces2 a natural bridge is a /rik+ example ( ! action ( bl9d me*anical =ces among ! rocks4 ,9 ! organic _w we see liv+ adaptation :i* involves a non-me*anical pr9ciple4 ,an adju/m5t is an outw>d fitt+ toge!r ( p>ts2 an adaptation implies some?+ fl[+1 un/able1 pla/ic1 compromis+2 x is a m\ld+ process2 passivity on "o side1 & activity on ! o!r4 ,liv+ ?+s /ruggle2 !y /ruggle up z well z d[n2 !y /ruggle all r\nd ! circle1 :ile ! pull ( dead matt] is d[n only4 ,behold :at a good *emi/ a plant is6 ,) :at skill x analyzes ! c>bonic acid 9 ! air1 reta9+ ! c>bon & return+ ! oxyg5 to ! atmosph]e6 ,!n ! plant c d :at no *emi/ has yet be5 able to d2 x c manufacture *lorophyll1 a sub/ance :i* is ! basis ( all life on ! globe4 ,)\t *lorophyll 7! gre5 sub/ance 9 plants7 ! sol> en]gy c\ld n be /or$ up 9 ! vegetable _w4 ,*lorophyll makes ! plant1 & ! plant makes *lorophyll4 ,to ask :i* is fir/ is to call up ! old puzzle1 ,:i* is fir/1 ! egg1 or ! h5 t laid x8 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,soddy1 ! eng9e]'s unit ( p[]1 t ( ! ,briti% c>t-horse1 has to be multipli$ _m times 9 a ma*9e be=e x c d ! "w ( a horse4 ,he says t a c> :i* two horses us$ to pull1 x n[ takes twelve or fifte5 eng9e-horse to pull4 ,! ma*9e horse belongs to a diff]5t ord]4 ,he does n respond to ! :ip2 he has no n]v\s sy/em2 he has none ( ! my/]i\s res]ve p[] :i* a ma*9e built up ( liv+ cells seems to possess2 he is inela/ic1 non-creative1 non-adaptive2 he _c take advantage ( ! gr\nd2 8 pull is a dead1 unv>y+ pull4 ,liv+ en]gy is ela/ic1 adaptive1 self-directive1 & suff]s little loss ?r\gh friction1 or ?r\gh imp]fect adju/m5t ( ! p>ts4 ,a live body conv]ts its fuel into en]gy at a l[ temp]ature4 ,"o ( ! great problems ( ! me*anics ( ! future is to develop electricity or p[] directly f fuel & ?us cut out ! enorm\s loss ( eighty or n9ety p] c5t :i* we n[ suff]4 ,! gr[+ body does ?is all ! "t2 life possesses ?is secret2 ! sol> en]gy /or$ up 9 fuel suff]s no loss 9 be+ trans=m$ into "w by ! animal me*anism4 ,soddy asks :e!r or n ! m9ute cells ( ! body may n h ! p[] ( tak+ advantage ( ! diff]5ce 9 temp]ature ( ! molecules bomb>d+ !m1 & ?us ( utiliz+ en]gy t is beyond ! capacity ( ! ma*9]y ( ! motor-c>4 ,man c make no ma*9e t c avail itself ( ! /ores ( en]gy 9 ! uni=m temp]ature ( ! e>? or air or wat]1 or t c draw ^u ! pot5tial en]gy ( ! atoms1 b x may be t ! liv+ cell c d ?is1 & ?us a horse c pull m ?an a "o-horse-p[] eng9e4 ,soddy makes ! sugge/ive inquiry3 ,if life beg9s 9 a s+le cell1 does intellig5ce8 does ! physical di/9ction betwe5 liv+ & dead matt] beg9 9 ! jo/l+ molecul> cr[d8 ,inanimate molecules1 9 all _! movem5ts1 obey ! law ( probability1 ! law :i* gov]ns ! successive falls ( a true die4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( a rudim5t>y intellig5ce1 d !y /ill foll[ t law1 or d !y n[ obey ano!r law--! law ( a die t is load$8 ,9 a ma*9e ! en]gy ( fuel has fir/ to be conv]t$ into heat be=e x is available1 b 9 a liv+ ma*9e ! *emical en]gy ( food und]goes direct trans=mation into "w1 & ! wa/eful heat-process is cut (f4 ,,vi ,pr(essor ,soddy1 9 discuss+ ! relation ( life to en]gy1 does n commit himself to ! !ory ( ! vitali/ic or non-me*anical orig9 ( life1 b makes ! significant /atem5t t !re is a cons5sus ( op9ion t ! life processes are n b\nd by ! second law ( !rmo-dynamics1 namely1 ! law ( ! non-availability ( ! en]gy lat5t 9 l[ temp]atures1 or 9 ! *aotic movem5ts ( molecules ev]y:]e ar\nd u4 ,to get en]gy1 "o mu/ h a fall or an incl9e ( "s sort1 z ( wat] f a high] to a l[] level1 or ( temp]ature f a high] to a l[] degree1 or ( electricity f "o condition ( high /ress to ano!r less s4 ,b ! liv+ ma*9e seems able to disp5se ) ?is break or incl9e1 or else has ! secret ( creat+ "o = itself4 ,9 ! liv+ body ! *emical en]gy ( food is directly trans=m$ into "w1 )\t fir/ be+ conv]t$ into heat4 ,:y a horse c d m "w ?an a "o-horse-p[] eng9e is probably because 8 liv+ cells c & d draw ^u ?is molecul> en]gy4 ,molecules ( matt] outside ! liv+ body all obey ! law ( probability1 or ! law ( *ance2 b inside ! liv+ body !y at lea/ seem to obey "s o!r law--! law ( design1 or ( dice t are load$1 z ,soddy says4 ,!y are m likely always to act 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,life supplies a direct+ ag5cy4 ,soddy asks if ! physical di/9ction betwe5 liv+ & dead matt] beg9s 9 ! jo/l+ molecul> cr[d--beg9s by ! cr[d be+ direct$ & gov]n$ 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,if s1 by :at8 ,ah6 t is ! "q4 ,sci5ce w h none ( x1 because sci5ce w\ld h to g outside ( matt] = su* an ag5t1 & t sci5ce _c d4 ,su* a !ory implies intellig5ce ap>t f matt]1 or work+ 9 matt]4 ,is t a h>d proposition8 ,intellig5ce cle>ly works 9 our bodies & bra9s1 & 9 ^? ( all ! animals--a controll$ & direct$ activity 9 matt] t seems to be life4 ,! cell :i* builds up all liv+ bodies behaves n l a ma*9e1 b l a liv+ be+2 its activities1 s f> z we c judge1 are spontane\s1 its motions & all its o!r processes are self-prompt$4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 9 x ! me*anical1 ! *emical1 & ! vital are s bl5d$1 s int]dep5d5t1 t we may nev] hope to sep>ate !m2 b )\t ! activity call$ vital1 !re w\ld be no cell1 & h5ce no body4 ,x 7 unreasonable to expect t sci5tific analysis %\ld %[ t ! physics & *emi/ry ( a liv+ body diff]s f t ( ! non-liv+4 ,:at is new & beyond ! rea* ( sci5ce to expla9 is ! k9d ( activity ( ^! elem5ts4 ,!y ent] into new comp\nds2 !y build up bodies t h new p[]s & prop]ties2 !y p ! seas & ! air & ! e>? ) liv+ creatures1 !y build ! body & bra9 ( man4 ,! secret ( ! activity 9 matt] t we call vital is c]ta9ly beyond ! p[] ( sci5ce to tell u4 ,x is l expect+ t ! pa9t & oil us$ 9 a great picture mu/ diff] f ^? 9 a daub4 ,! great arti/ mix$ 8 pa9t ) bra9s1 & ! univ]sal elem5ts 9 a liv+ body are mix$ ) some?+ t sci5ce _c disclose4 ,organic *emi/ry does n diff] intr9sically f inorganic2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two lies 9 ! purposive activity ( ! elem5ts t build up a liv+ body4 ,or is life1 z a ,new ,engl& college pr(essor claims1 an x-entity1 additional to matt] & en]gy1 b ( ! same cosmic rank z !y1 & manife/+ itself to our s5ses only ?r\gh its p[] to keep a c]ta9 quantity ( matt] & en]gy 9 ! cont9u\s ord]ly f]m5t we call life8 ,i recall t ,huxley said t !re 0 a ?ird reality 9 ?is univ]se besides matt] & en]gy1 & ?is ?ird reality 0 consci\sness4 ,b nei!r ! x-entity ( ,pr(essor ,ganong nor ! consci\sness ( ,huxley c be said to be ( ! same cosmic rank z matt] & en]gy1 because !y d n p]vade ! univ]se z matt] & en]gy d4 ,^! =ces ab\nd ?r\gh\t all space & endure ?r\gh\t all "t1 b life & consci\sness are flitt+ & unc]ta9 ph5om5a ( matt]4 ,a prick ( a p91 or a bl[ f a hamm]1 may de/roy bo?4 ,unless we consid] !m z pot5tial 9 all matt] 7& :o %all say t !y are n87 may we look ^u !m z ( cosmic rank8 ,x is (t5 urg$ t x is n ! eye t sees1 or ! bra9 t ?9ks1 b some?+ 9 !m4 ,b x is some?+ 9 !m t nev] w5t into !m2 x arose 9 !m4 ,x is ! liv+ eye & ! liv+ bra9 t d ! see+ & ! ?9k+4 ,:5 ! life activity ceases1 ^! organs cease to see & to ?9k4 ,_! activity is kept up by c]ta9 physiological processes 9 ! organs ( ! body1 & to ask :at keeps up ^! is l ! puppy try+ to ov]take its own tail1 or to run a race ) its own %ad[4 ,! bra9 is n m]ely ! organ ( ! m9d 9 an ext]nal & me*anical s5se2 x is ! m9d4 ,:5 we come to liv+ ?+s1 all su* analogies fail u4 ,life is n a ?+2 ?\ght is n a ?+2 b r ! effect ( a c]ta9 activity 9 matt]1 :i* m9d alone c recognize4 ,:5 we try to expla9 or acc\nt = t :i* we are1 x is z if a man 7 try+ to lift himself4 ,life seems l some?+ ap>t4 ,x does n seem to be am5able to ! law ( ! correlation & cons]vation ( =ces4 ,y _c trans=m x into heat or light or electricity4 ,! =ce :i* a man extracts f ! food he eats :ile he is writ+ a poem1 or do+ any o!r m5tal "w1 seems lo/ to ! univ]se4 ,! =ce :i* ! eng9e1 or any ma*9e1 uses up1 reappe>s z "w done1 or z heat or light or "s o!r physical manife/ation4 ,b ! en]gy ( food/uffs :i* a man uses up 9 a m5tal ef=t does n appe> aga9 9 ! circuit ( ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,a man uses up m en]gy 9 8 wak+ mom5ts1 ?\gh 8 body be passive1 ?an 9 8 sleep+4 ,:at we call m5tal =ce _c be acc\nt$ = 9 t]ms ( physical =ce4 ,! sun's en]gy goes into our bodies ?r\gh ! food we eat1 & s runs our m5tal faculties1 b h[ does x get back aga9 into ! physical realm8 ,sci5ce does n "k4 ,x mu/ be "s sort ( en]gy t lights ! lamps ( ! firefly & ! gl[-worm1 & x mu/ be "s sort or degree ( en]gy t keeps consci\sness go+4 ,! bra9 ( a ,newton1 or ( a ,plato1 mu/ make a l>g] draft on ! sol> en]gy lat5t 9 food-/uffs ?an ! bra9 ( a day labor]1 & 8 body less4 ,! same am\nt ( food-consumption1 or ( oxidation1 results 9 physical =ce 9 ! "o case1 & m5tal =ce 9 ! o!r1 b ! m5tal =ce escapes ! great law ( ! equival5ce ( ! mat]ial =ces4 ,john ,fiske solves ! problem :5 he drops 8 physical sci5ce & takes up 8 philosophy1 decl>+ t ! relation ( ! m9d to ! body is t ( a musician to 8 in/rum5t1 & ?is is practically ! position ( ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge4 ,inh]itance & adaptation1 says ,haeckel1 are suffici5t to acc\nt = all ! v>iety ( animal & vegetable =ms on ! e>?4 ,b is !re n a previ\s "q8 ,d we n want inh]itance & adaptation acc\nt$ =8 ,:at my/]ies !y hold6 ,does ! riv]-b$ acc\nt = ! riv]8 ,h[ c a body adapt itself to its environm5t unless x possess an inh]5t1 pla/ic1 *ang+1 & adaptive pr9ciple8 ,a /one does n adapt itself to its surr\nd+s2 its *ange is ext]nal & n int]nal4 ,!re is me*anical adju/m5t betwe5 in]t bodies1 b !re is no adaptation )\t ! pu% ( life4 ,a response to new conditions by *ange ( =m implies some?+ actively responsive--some?+ t pr(its by ! *ange4 ,,vii ,if we c\ld tell :at det]m9es ! division ( labor 9 ! hive ( bees or a colony ( ants1 we c\ld tell :at det]m9es ! division ( labor among ! cells 9 ! body4 ,a hive ( bees & a colony ( ants is a unit--a s+le organism4 ,! _s ( ! body1 t :i* regulates all its economies1 :i* directs all its functions1 :i* cord9ates its p[]s1 :i* br+s ab\t all its adaptations1 :i* adju/s x to its environm5t1 :i* sees to its repairs1 heals its w\nds1 meets its dem&s1 provides m =ce :5 m is ne$$1 :i* makes "o organ help d ! "w ( ano!r1 :i* wages w> on disease g]ms by specific f]m5ts1 :i* r5d]s u immune to ?is or t disease2 9 fact1 :i* c>ries on all ! processes ( our physical life )\t ask+ leave or seek+ c\nsel ( u1--all ?is is on ano!r plane f ! me*anical or *emical--sup]-me*anical4 ,! human _s1 ! brute _s1 ! vegetable _s--all are m]e names to fill a void4 ,! _s ( ! oak1 ! bee*1 ! p9e1 ! palm--h[ diff]5t6 h[ diff]5t ! plan or idea or int]ior economies ( ea*1 ?\gh ! *emical & me*anical processes are ! same1 ! same m9]al & gase\s elem5ts build !m up1 ! same sun is _! ar*itect6 ,b :at physical pr9ciple c acc\nt = ! diff]5ce betwe5 a p9e & an oak1 or1 = t matt]1 betwe5 a man & 8 dog1 or a bird & a fi%1 or a cr[ & a l>k8 ,:at play & action or int]action & reaction ( purely *emical & me*anical =ces c ?r[ any light on ! c\rse evolution has tak5 9 ! animal life ( ! globe--:y ! camel is ! camel1 & ! horse ! horse8 or 9 ! developm5t ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 or ! circulatory sy/em1 or ! dige/ive sy/em1 or ( ! eye1 or ( ! e>8 ,a liv+ body is nev] 9 a /ate ( *emical repose1 b inorganic bodies usually are4 ,take away ! organism & ! environm5t rema9s ess5tially ! same2 take away ! environm5t & ! organism *anges rapidly & p]i%es--x goes back to ! inorganic4 ,n[1 :at keeps up ! con/ant int]*ange--?is seesaw8 ,! environm5t is p]man5t2 ! organism is transi5t4 ,! spray ( ! falls is p]man5t2 ! b[ comes & goes4 ,life /ruggles to appropriate ! environm5t2 a rock1 = example1 does n1 9 ! same s5se1 /ruggle ) its surr\nd+s1 x wea!rs passively1 b a tree /ruggles ) ! w9ds1 & to appropriate m9]als & wat] f ! soil1 & ! leaves /ruggle to /ore up ! sun's en]gy4 ,! body /ruggles to elim9ate poisons or to neutralize !m2 x becomes immune to c]ta9 diseases1 le>ns to resi/ !m2 ! ?+ is alive4 ,organisms /ruggle ) "o ano!r2 in]t bodies cla% & pulv]ize "o ano!r1 b d n dev\r "o ano!r4 ,life is a /ruggle betwe5 two =ces1 a =ce )9 & a =ce )\t1 b ! =ce )9 does all ! /ruggl+4 ,! air does n /ruggle to get into ! lungs1 nor ! lime & iron to get into our blood4 ,! body /ruggles to dige/ & assimilate ! food2 ! *lorophyll 9 ! leaf /ruggles to /ore up ! sol> en]gy4 ,! environm5t is unaw>e ( ! organism2 ! light is indiff]5t to ! s5sitiz$ plate ( ! photograph]4 ,some?+ 9 ! se$ we plant avails itself ( ! heat & ! moi/ure4 ,! relation is n t ( a !rmomet] or hygromet] to ! w>m? & moi/ure ( ! air2 x is a vital relation4 ,life may be call$ an aquatic ph5om5on1 because !re c be no life )\t wat]4 ,x may be call$ a !rmal ph5om5on1 because !re c be no life bel[ or above a c]ta9 degree ( temp]ature4 ,x may be call$ a *emical ph5om5on1 because !re c be no life )\t *emical reactions4 ,yet none ( ^! ?+s def9e life4 ,we may discuss biological facts 9 t]ms ( *emi/ry )\t ?r[+ any light on ! nature ( life itself4 ,if we say ! p>ticul> ess5ce ( life is *emical1 d we mean any m ?an t life is insep>able f *emical reactions8 ,aft] we h ma/]$ ! *emi/ry ( life1 laid b>e all its processes1 nam$ all its trans=mations & transmutations1 analyz$ ! liv+ cell1 se5 ! inorganic pass into ! organic1 & beheld *emical reaction1 ! *ief prie/ess ( ?is hidd5 rite1 we %all h to ask ourselves1 ,is *emi/ry ! creator ( life1 or does life create or use *emi/ry8 ,^! *emical reaction complexes 9 liv+ cells1 z ! bio*emi/s call !m1 are !y ! cause ( life1 or only ! effect ( life8 ,we %all decide accord+ to our temp]am5ts or our habits ( ?\ght4 ,,ix ,,! ,,j\rney+ ,,atoms ,i ,em]son confess$ 9 8 ,j\rnal t he c\ld n read ! physici/s2 _! works did n appeal to him4 ,he 0 probably repell$ by _! =mulas & _! ma!matics4 ,b add a t\* ( *emi/ry1 & he 0 int]e/$4 ,*emi/ry leads up to life4 ,he said he did n ?9k he w\ld feel ?reat5$ or insult$ if a *emi/ %\ld take 8 protoplasm1 or mix 8 hydrog51 oxyg51 & c>bon1 & make an animalcule inconte/ably swimm+ & jump+ be=e 8 eyes4 ,x w\ld be only evid5ce ( a new degree ( p[] ov] matt] :i* man _h atta9$ to4 ,x w\ld all f9ally r$\nd to ! glory ( matt] itself1 :i*1 x appe>s1 is impregnat$ ) ?\ght & heav51 & is really ( ,god1 & n ( ! ,devil1 z we _h too ha/ily believ$4 ,?is conception ( matt] und]lies ! new mat]ialism ( su* m5 z ,huxley & ,tyndall4 ,b !re is mu* 9 ! new physics ap>t f its *emical aspects t ought to appeal to ! ,em]sonian type ( m9d4 ,did n ,em]son 9 8 fir/ poem1 ,! ,sph9x1 s+ ( ,j\rney+ atoms1 ,primordial :oles8 ,9 ^? ev]-mov+ & indivisible atoms he t\*es ! v corn]-/one ( ! mod]n sci5tific conception ( matt]4 ,x is h>dly an exagg]ation to say t 9 ?is conception we are br\ght into contact ) a k9d ( transc5d5tal physics4 ,a new _w = ! imag9ation is op5--a _w :]e ! laws & necessities ( pond]able bodies d n apply4 ,! _w ( gross matt] disappe>s1 & 9 its place we see matt] demat]ializ$1 & escap+ f ! bondage ( ! _w ( tangible bodies2 we see a _w :]e friction is aboli%$1 :]e p]petual motion is no long] impossible2 :]e two bodies may occupy ! same space at ! same "t2 :]e collisions & disruptions take place )\t loss ( en]gy2 :]e subtraction (t5 means m--z :5 ! poison ( a sub/ance is r5d]$ m virul5t by ! removal ( "o or m atoms ( "o ( ! elem5ts2 & :]e addition (t5 means less--z :5 ?ree p>ts ( ! gases ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 unite & =m only two p>ts ( wat]y vapor2 :]e mass & =m1 c5tre & circumf]5ce1 size & /ructure1 exi/ )\t any ( ! qualities ord9>ily associat$ ) ^! ?+s ?r\gh our exp]i5ce 9 a ?ree-dim5sion _w4 ,we see1 or contemplate1 bodies :i* are indivisible2 if we divide !m1 _! nature *anges2 if we divide a molecule ( wat]1 we get atoms ( hydrog5 & oxyg5 gas2 if we divide a molecule ( salt1 we get atoms ( *lor9e gas & atoms ( ! metal sodium1 :i* means t we h rea*$ a po9t :]e matt] is no long] divisible 9 a me*anical s5se1 b only 9 a *emical s5se2 :i* aga9 means t great & small1 place & "t1 inside & outside1 dim5sions & spatial relations1 h lo/ _! ord9>y mean+s4 ,two bodies get inside ( ea* o!r4 ,to ! physici/1 heat & motion are "o2 light is only a me*anical vibration 9 ! e!r2 s\nd is only a vibration 9 ! air1 :i* ! e> int]prets z s\nd4 ,! _w is z /ill z dea? till ! liv+ e> comes to receive ! vibrations 9 ! air2 motion1 or ! en]gy :i* x implies1 is ! life ( ! univ]se4 ,physics proves to u ! impossibility ( p]petual motion among visible1 tangible bodies1 at ! same "t t x reveals to u a _w :]e p]petual motion is ! rule--! _w ( molecules & atoms4 ,9 ! _w ( gross matt]1 or ( pond]able bodies1 p]petual motion is impossible because "h x takes en]gy1 or its equival5t1 to beget en]gy4 ,friction v soon turns ! k9etic en]gy ( motion into ! pot5tial en]gy ( heat1 :i* quickly disappe>s 9 t great sea ( en]gy1 ! l[ uni=m temp]ature ( ! e>?4 ,b :5 we rea* ! int]ior _w ( matt]1 ! _w ( molecules1 atoms1 & electrons1 we h rea*$ a _w :]e p]petual motion is ! rule2 we h rea*$ ! f\nta9-head ( en]gy1 & ! motion ( "o body is n at ! exp5se ( ! motion ( "s o!r body1 b is a "p ( ! spontane\s /ruggl+ & jo/l+ & vibration t g on =ev] 9 all ! matt] ( ! univ]se4 ,:at is call$ ! ,brunonian movem5t 7fir/ discov]$ by ! botani/ ,rob]t ,br[n 9 #ahbg7 is )9 rea* ( ! eye arm$ ) a high-p[] microscope4 ,look into any liquid t holds 9 susp5sion v small p>ticles ( solid matt]1 su* z du/ p>ticles 9 ! air1 or ! granules ( ord9>y wat]-color pa9ts dissolv$ 9 wat]3 n a s+le "o ( ! p>ticles is at re/2 !y are all my/]i\sly agitat$2 !y jump hi!r & ?i!r2 x is a wild *aotic :irl & dance ( m9ute p>ticles4 ,br[n at fir/ ?\ght !y 7 alive1 b !y 7 only non-liv+ p>ticles danc+ to ! same tune :i* probably sets suns & sy/ems :irl+ 9 ! heav5s4 ,ramsay says t tobacco smoke conf9$ 9 ! small flat *amb] =m$ 9 ! slide ( a microscope1 %[s ?is movem5t1 9 appe>ance l ! flight ( m9ute butt]flies4 ,! ,brunonian movem5t is n[ believ$ to be due to ! bomb>dm5t ( ! p>ticles by ! molecules ( ! liquid or gas 9 :i* !y are susp5d$4 ,! small] ! p>ticles1 ! liveli] !y are4 ,^! p>ticles !mselves are made up ( a va/ numb] ( molecules1 among :i* ! same movem5t or agitation1 mu* m int5se1 is suppos$ to be tak+ place2 ! atoms :i* compose ! molecules are danc+ & frisk+ ab\t l gnats 9 ! air1 & ! electrons inside ! atoms are /ill m rapidly *ang+ places4 ,we meet ) ! same /agg]+ figures 9 ! sci5ce ( ! inf9itely little t we d 9 ! sci5ce ( ! inf9itely va/4 ,?us ! physici/ deals ) a quantity ( matt] a million million times small] ?an c be detect$ 9 ! mo/ delicate *emical balance4 ,molecules inconceivably small ru% ab\t 9 molecul> space inconceivably small4 ,ramsay calculates h[ _m collisions ! molecules ( gas make ) o!r molecules e second1 :i* is f\r & "o half qu9tillions4 ,?is /agg]s ! m9d l ! trem5d\s revelations ( a/ronomy4 ,ma!matics has no tr\ble to compute ! figures1 b our sl[1 clumsy m9ds feel helpless be=e !m4 ,9 e drop ( wat] we dr9k1 & 9 e m\?ful ( air we brea!1 !re is a movem5t & collision ( p>ticles s rapid 9 e second ( "t t x c only be express$ by f\r ) eighte5 naughts4 ,if ! movem5t ( ^! p>ticles 7 att5d$ by friction1 or if ! en]gy ( _! impact 7 translat$ into heat1 :at hot m\?fuls we %\ld h6 ,b ! heat1 z well z ! p>ticles1 is inf9itesimal1 & is n p]ceptible4 ,,ii ,! molecules & atoms & electrons into :i* sci5ce resolves matt] are hypo!tical bodies :i* no human eye has ev] se51 or ev] c see1 b !y build up ! solid frame ( ! univ]se4 ,! air & ! rocks are n s f> ap>t 9 _! con/itu5ts z !y might seem to our s5ses4 ,! invisible & indivisible molecules ( oxyg5 :i* we brea!1 & :i* keep our life-curr5ts go+1 =m ab\t half ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,! s(t breeze t fans & refre%es u1 & ! rocks t cru% u1 are at lea/ half-bro!rs4 ,& h]e9 we get a glimpse ( ! magic ( *emical comb9ations4 ,t my/]i\s prop]ty 9 matt] :i* we call *emical aff9ity1 a prop]ty beside :i* human aff9ities & passions are tame & incon/ant affairs1 is ! ar*itect ( ! univ]se4 ,c]ta9 elem5ts attract c]ta9 o!r elem5ts ) a fi]ce & unalt]able attraction1 & :5 !y unite1 ! resultant comp\nd is a body totally unlike ei!r ( ! con/itu5ts4 ,bo? sub/ances h disappe>$1 & a new "o has tak5 _! place4 ,?is is ! magic ( *emical *ange4 ,a physical *ange1 z ( wat] into ice1 or into /eam1 is a simple matt]2 x is m]ely a matt] ( m or less heat2 b ! *ange ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 into wat]1 or ( *lor9e gas & ! m9]al sodium into common salt1 is a *emical *ange4 ,9 nature1 *lor9e & sodium are n f\nd 9 a free or sep>ate /ate2 !y hunt$ ea* o!r up long ago1 & unit$ to produce ! enorm\s quantities ( rock salt t ! e>? holds4 ,"o c give 8 imag9ation free range 9 try+ to picture :at takes place :5 two or m elem5ts unite *emically1 b probably !re is no physical image t c af=d ev5 a h9t ( x4 ,a snake try+ to swall[ himself1 or two fi%es swall[+ ea* o!r1 or two bullets meet+ 9 ! air & ea* go+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! o!r1 or ! f\r? dim5sion1 or almo/ any o!r impossible ?+1 f ! po9t ( view ( tangible bodies1 w s]ve z well z any?+4 ,! atoms seem to get inside ( "o ano!r1 to jump d[n "o ano!r's ?roats1 & to suff] a complete trans=mation4 ,yet we "k t !y d n2 oxyg5 is /ill oxyg51 & c>bon /ill c>bon1 amid all ! /range p>tn]%ips ent]$ into1 & all ! disguises assum$4 ,we c easily evoke hydrog5 & oxyg5 f wat]1 b j h[ _! molecules unite1 h[ !y int]p5etrate & are lo/ 9 "o ano!r1 x is impossible = u to conceive4 ,we _c visualize a *emical comb9ation because we h no exp]i5ce ^u :i* to f\nd x4 ,x is s fundam5tally unlike a me*anical mixture t ev5 our imag9ation c give u no clew to x4 ,x is ?9kable t ! p>ticles ( two or m sub/ances h[ev] f9e1 me*anically mix$1 c\ld be se5 & recogniz$ if suffici5tly magnifi$2 b 9 a *emical comb9ation1 say l iron sulphide1 no am\nt ( magnification c\ld reveal ! two elem5ts ( iron & sulphur4 ,!y no long] exi/4 ,a ?ird sub/ance unlike ei!r has tak5 _! place4 ,we extract alum9um f clay1 b no conceivable p[] ( vision c\ld reveal to u t metal 9 ! clay4 ,x is !re only pot5tially4 ,9 a *emical comb9ation ! diff]5t sub/ances int]p5etrate & are lo/ 9 "o ano!r3 !y are n me*anically sep>able nor individually di/+ui%able4 ,! iron 9 ! r$ corpuscles ( ! blood is n ! metal we "k1 b "o ( its _m *emical disguises4 ,inde$ x seems z if :at we call ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] did n belong to ! visible ord] & h5ce 7 incapable ( magnification4 ,t my/]i\s =ce1 *emical aff9ity1 is ! true & orig9al magic4 ,t two sub/ances %\ld cleave to ea* o!r & absorb ea* o!r & produce a ?ird totally unlike ei!r is "o ( ! pr(\nd my/]ies ( sci5ce4 ,( ! nature ( ! *ange t takes place1 ,i say1 we c =m no image4 ,*emical =ce is selective2 x is n promiscu\s & indiscrim9ate l gravity1 b specific & individual4 ,ne>ly all ! elem5ts h _! pref]5ces & !y w *oose no o!r4 ,oxyg5 comes ! ne>e/ to be+ a free lov] among ! elem5ts1 b its p[] ( *oice is limit$4 ,sci5ce conceives ( all matt] z gra9$ or discrete1 l a bag ( %ot1 or a pile ( s&4 ,matt] does n occupy space cont9u\sly1 n ev5 9 ! h>de/ sub/ances1 su* z ! diamond2 !re is space1 molecul> space1 betwe5 ! p>ticles4 ,a rifle bullet :izz+ pa/ is no m a cont9u\s body ?an is a flock ( birds :eel+ & swoop+ 9 ! air4 ,air spaces sep>ate ! birds1 & molecul> spaces sep>ate ! molecules ( ! bullet4 ,( c\rse x is un?9kable t indivisible p>ticles ( matt] c occupy space & h dim5sions4 ,b sci5ce goes ^u ?is hypo!sis1 & ! hypo!sis proves itself4 ,aft] we h rea*$ ! po9t ( ! utmo/ divisibility ( matt] 9 ! atom1 we are call$ ^u to g /ill fur!r & divide ! indivisible4 ,! electrons1 ( :i* ! atom is compos$1 are "o hundr$ ?\s& times small]1 & two ?\s& times light] ?an ! smalle/ p>ticle hi!rto recogniz$1 namely1 ! hydrog5 atom4 ,a ,fr5* physici/ conceives ( ! electrons z ru%+ ab\t 9 ! int]ior ( ! atom l sw>ms ( gnats :irl+ ab\t 9 ! dome ( a ca!dral4 ,! smalle/ p>ticle ( du/ t we c recognize 9 ! air is millions ( times l>g] ?an ! atom1 & millions ( millions ( times l>g] ?an ! electron4 ,yet sci5ce av]s t ! manife/ations ( en]gy :i* we call light1 radiant heat1 magnetism1 & electricity1 all come f ! activities ( ! electrons4 ,sir ,j4 ,j4 ,?omson conceives ( a free electron z da%+ ab\t f "o atom to ano!r at a spe$ s great z to *ange its location =ty million times a second4 ,9 ! electron we h matt] demat]ializ$2 ! electron is n a mat]ial p>ticle4 ,h5ce ! /ep to ! electric con/itution ( matt] is an easy "o4 ,9 ! la/ analysis we h pure disembodi$ en]gy4 ,) _m ( ! feel+s ( an air-man1 says ,soddy1 :o has left beh9d = ! fir/ "t ! solid gr\nd b5ea? him1 we make ?is plunge into ! demon/rable v]ities ( ! newe/ physics2 matt] 9 ! old s5se--gross matt]--fades away4 ,to ! ?ree /ates 9 :i* we h always kn[n x1 ! solid1 ! liquid1 & ! gase\s1 we mu/ add a f\r?1 ! e!real--! /ate ( matt] :i* ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge ?9ks bord]s on1 or is id5tical )1 :at we call ! spiritual1 & :i* af=ds ! key to all ! occult ph5om5a ( life & m9d4 ,z we h said1 no human eye has ev] se51 or w see1 an atom2 only ! m9d's eye1 or ! imag9ation1 sees atoms & molecules1 yet ! atomic !ory ( matt] re/s ^u ! sure f\ndation ( exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,bo? ! *emi/ & ! physici/ are z conv9c$ ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! atoms z !y are ( ! objects we see & t\*4 ,! !ory is a necessity to expla9 ! exp]im5tal facts ( *emical composition4 ,?r\gh metaphysics fir/1 says ,soddy1 !n ?r\gh al*emy & *emi/ry1 ?r\gh physical & a/ronomical spectroscopy1 la/ly ?r\gh radio-activity1 sci5ce has sl[ly grop$ its way to ! atom4 ,! physici/s make def9ite /atem5ts ab\t ^! hypo!tical bodies all bas$ ^u def9ite *emical ph5om5a4 ,?us ,cl]k ,maxwell assumes t !y are sph]ical1 t ! sph]es are h>d & ela/ic l billi>d-balls1 t !y collide & glance (f f "o ano!r 9 ! same way1 t is1 t !y collide at _! surfaces & n at _! c5tres4 ,only two ( our s5ses make u acqua9t$ ) matt] 9 a /ate :i* may be said to approa* ! atomic--smell & ta/e4 ,odors are mat]ial emanations1 & repres5t a division ( matt] into inconceivably small p>ticles4 ,:at are ! p]fumes we smell b emanations1 fly+ atoms or electrons1 radiat+ 9 all directions1 & cont9u+ = a %ort] or long] "t )\t any appreciable dim9ution 9 bulk or weight ( ! sub/ances t give !m (f8 ,h[ _m millions or trillions ( times does ! rose divide its he>t 9 ! p]fume x %$s s freely ^u ! air8 ,! odor ( ! musk ( c]ta9 animals l+]s "u c]ta9 conditions = ye>s4 ,! imag9ation is baffl$ 9 try+ to conceive ( ! numb] & m9ut5ess ( ! p>ticles :i* ! fox leaves ( itself 9 ! sn[ :]e its foot 0 impr9t$--s palpable t ! sc5t ( a h\nd c seize ^u !m h\rs aft] ! fox has pass$6 ,! all b inf9ite divisibility ( matt] is prov$ by e odor t ! breeze br+s u f field & wood1 & by ! delicate flavors t ! tongue detects 9 ! food we eat & dr9k4 ,b ^! emanations & solutions t affect our s5ses probably d n repres5t a *emical division ( matt]2 :5 we smell an apple or a fl[]1 we probably get a real fragm5t ( ! apple1 or ( ! fl[]1 & n "o or m ( its *emical con/itu5ts repres5t$ by atoms or electrons4 ,a *emical analysis ( odors1 if x 7 possible1 w\ld probably %[ ! elem5ts 9 ! same /ate ( comb9ation z ! sub/ances f :i* ! odors emanat$4 ,! physici/s h]d ^! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] ab\t2 !y h a regul> circus ) !m2 !y make !m g ?r\gh films & scre5s2 !y guide !m ?r\gh op5+s2 !y c\nt !m z _! t9y fla% is se5 on a s5sitiz$ plate2 !y weigh !m2 !y reckon _! velocity4 ,! alpha-rays f radio-active sub/ances are sw>ms ( t9y meteors fly+ at ! incr$ible spe$ ( twelve ?\s& miles a second1 :ile ! meteors ( ! midnight sky fly at ! spe$ ( only =ty miles a second4 ,^? alpha p>ticles are helium atoms4 ,!y are mu* l>g] ?an beta p>ticles1 & h less p5etrative p[]4 ,sir ,j4 ,j4 ,?omson has devis$ a me?od by :i* he has be5 able to photograph ! atoms4 ,! photographic plate ^u :i* _! flight is record$ sugge/s a %[] ( %oot+ />s4 ,oxyg5 is f\nd to be made up ( atoms ( sev]al diff]5t =ms4 ,,iii ,! free pa? ( molecules1 bo? 9 liquids & 9 gases1 is s m9ute z to be beyond ! rea* ( ! mo/ p[]ful microscope4 ,?is free pa? 9 liquids is a zigzag c\rse1 ow+ to ! p]petual collisions ) o!r molecules4 ,! molecul> behavior ( liquids diff]s f t ( gases only 9 :at is call$ surface t5sion4 ,liquids h a sk91 a peculi> /ress ( ! surface molecules2 gases d n1 b t5d to dissipate & fill all space4 ,a drop ( wat] rema9s intact till vaporization sets 92 !n x too becomes m & m diffus$4 ,:5 two sub/ances comb9e *emically1 m or less heat is evolv$4 ,:5 ! comb9ation is effect$ sl[ly1 z 9 an animal's body1 heat is sl[ly evolv$4 ,:5 ! combu/ion is rapid1 z 9 actual fire1 heat is rapidly evolv$4 ,! same ph5om5on may rea* ! eye z light1 & ! h& z heat1 ?\gh diff]5t s5ses get two diff]5t impressions ( ! same ?+4 ,s a me*anical di/urbance may rea* ! e> z s\nd1 & be s int]pret$1 & rea* ! h& z motion 9 matt]4 ,9 combu/ion1 ! oxyg5 comb9es rapidly ) ! c>bon1 giv+ out heat & light & c>bon dioxide1 b :y x does s admits ( no explanation4 ,h]e9 aga9 is :]e life diff]s f fire2 we c describe combu/ion 9 t]ms ( *emi/ry1 b aft] we h describ$ life 9 ! same t]ms some?+--& ?is some?+ is ! ma9 ?+--rema9s unt\*$4 ,! facts ( radio-activity alone demon/rate ! tru? ( ! atomic !ory4 ,! beta rays1 or emanations f radium1 p5etrat+ "o foot ( solid iron are v conv9c+4 ,& ?is may g on = hundr$s ( ye>s )\t any appreciable dim9ution ( size or weight ( ! radio-active sub/ance4 ,a gram ( su* sub/ance1 says ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 might lose a few ?\s& ( atoms a second1 & yet we c\ld n detect ! loss if we cont9u$ to weigh x = a c5tury4 ,! volatile ess5ces ( organic bodies :i* we detect 9 odors & flavors1 are n pot5t l ! radium emanations4 ,we c conf9e !m & control !m1 b we _c control ! rays ( radio-active matt] any m ?an we c conf9e a _s4 ,we c sep>ate ! ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( rays--! alpha1 ! beta1 & ! gamma--by magnetic devices1 b we _c cork !m up & isolate !m1 z we c musk & ! att> ( roses4 ,& ^! emanations are tak+ place m or less cont9u\sly all ab\t u & we "k x n4 ,9 fact1 we are at all times subject$ to a molecul> bomb>dm5t ( :i* we nev] dream2 m9ute projectiles1 indivisible po9ts ( matt]1 are %ot out at u 9 ! =m ( electrons f gl[+ metals1 f light$ c&les1 & f o!r noiseless & unsuspect$ batt]ies at a spe$ ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( miles a second1 & we are none ! wis] = x4 ,inde$1 if we c\ld see or feel or be made aw>e ( x1 9 :at a diff]5t _w we %\ld f9d ourselves6 ,h[ _m million-or billion-fold our s5se ( sight & t\* w\ld h to be increas$ to br+ ?is ab\t6 ,we live 9 a _w ( collisions1 disruptions1 & hurtl+ missiles ( :i* our s5ses give u n ! slighte/ evid5ce1 & x is well t !y d n4 ,!re is a trem5d\s activity 9 ! air we brea!1 9 ! wat] we dr9k1 9 ! food we eat1 & 9 ! soil we walk ^u1 :i*1 if magnifi$ till our s5ses c\ld take x 91 w\ld probably drive u mad4 ,x is 9 ?is int]ior _w ( molecul> activity1 ?is _w ( electric vibrations & oscillations1 t ! _m trans=mations ( en]gy take place4 ,?is is ! hid+-place ( ! lightn+1 ( ! electrons :i* m\ld$ toge!r make ! ?und]bolt4 ,:at an und]world ( my/]y & p[] x is6 ,9 x slumb]s all ! might & m5ace ( ! /orm1 ! p[] t r5ds ! e>? & %akes ! heav5s4 ,) ! m9d's eye "o c see ! indivisible atoms giv+ up _! electrons1 see ! invisible ho/s1 9 numb]s beyond ! p[] ( ma!matics to compute1 be+ summon$ & m>%all$ by "s my/]i\s comm&] & hurl$ 9 t]rible fi]y phalanxes across ! battlefield ( ! /orm4 ,! physici/ describes ! atom & talks ab\t x z if x 7 a tangible body :i* "o c\ld hold 9 8 h& l a baseball4 ,an atom1 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge says1 consi/s ( a globul> mass ( positive electricity ) m9ute negative electrons emb$d$ 9 x4 ,he speaks ( ! sph]ical =m ( ! atom1 & ( its out] surface1 ( its c5tre1 & ( its pass+ ?r\gh o!r atoms1 & ( ! electrons t revolve ar\nd its c5tre z planets ar\nd a sun4 ,! electron1 "o hundr$ ?\s& times small] ?an an atom1 yet has surface1 & t surface is a dimpl$ & corrugat$ %eet--l ! cov] ( a mattress4 ,:at a flight ( ! sci5tific imag9ation is t6 ,! disproportion betwe5 ! size ( an atom & ! size ( an electron is va/ly great] ?an t betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?4 ,repres5t an atom1 says ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 by a *ur* "o hundr$ & sixty feet long1 eighty feet broad1 & =ty feet high2 ! electrons are l gnats inside x4 ,yet on ! electric !ory ( matt]1 electrons are all ( ! atom !re is2 !re is no *ur*1 b only ! gnats ru%+ ab\t4 ,we "k ( no?+ s empty & holl[1 s ne> a vacuum1 z matt] 9 ?is conception ( x4 ,inde$1 9 ! new physics1 matt] is only a hole 9 ! e!r4 ,h5ce ! newspap] joke ab\t ! bank slid+ d[n & leav+ ! wood*uck-hole /ick+ out1 looks l pretty good physics4 ,! electrons give matt] its in]tia1 & give x ! =ce we call cohesion1 give x its t\ghness1 its /r5g?1 & all its o!r prop]ties4 ,!y make wat] wet1 & ! diamond h>d4 ,!y are ! f\nta9-head ( ! imm5se /ores ( ! int]-atomic en]gy1 :i*1 if x c\ld be tapp$ & controll$1 w\ld s easily d all ! "w ( ! _w4 ,b ?is we _c d4 ,we are no m compet5t1 says ,pr(essor ,soddy1 to make use ( ^! supplies ( atomic en]gy ?an a savage1 ignorant ( h[ to k9dle a fire1 c\ld make use ( a /eam-eng9e4 ,! natural rate ( fl[ ( ?is en]gy f its atomic s\rces we get z heat1 & x suffices to keep life go+ ^u ?is planet4 ,x is ! s\rce ( all ! activity we see ^u ! globe4 ,its results1 9 ! geologic ages1 are /or$ up = u 9 coal & oil & natural gas1 &1 9 our day1 are available 9 ! w9ds1 ! tides1 & ! wat]falls1 & 9 electricity4 ,,iv ,! electric con/itution ( matt] is q beyond any?+ we c imag9e4 ,! atoms are little worlds by !mselves1 & ! :ole my/]y ( life & dea? is 9 _! keep+4 ,! :ole diff]5ce 9 ! types ( m9d & "* among m5 is suppos$ to be 9 _! keep+4 ,! diff]5t qualities & prop]ties ( bodies are 9 _! keep+4 ,:e!r an object is hot or cold to our s5ses1 dep5ds ^u ! "* ( _! vibrations2 :e!r x be sweet or s\r1 poison\s or innocu\s to u1 dep5ds ^u h[ ! atoms select _! p>tn]s 9 ! :irl & dance ( _! activities4 ,! h>dness & brilliancy ( ! diamond is suppos$ to dep5d ^u h[ ! atoms ( c>bon unite & jo9 h&s4 ,i h he>d ! view express$ t all matt]1 z su*1 is dead matt]1 t ! molecules ( hydrog51 oxyg51 c>bon1 nitrog51 iron1 phosphorus1 calcium1 & s on1 9 a liv+ body1 are !mselves no m alive ?an ! same molecules 9 inorganic matt]4 ,ne>ly n9e t5?s ( a liv+ body is wat]2 is n ?is wat] ! same z ! wat] we get at ! spr+ or ! brook8 is x any m alive8 does wat] und]go any *emical *ange 9 ! body8 is x any?+ m ?an a solv5t1 ?an a curr5t t c>ries ! o!r elem5ts to all p>ts ( ! body8 ,!re are any numb] ( *emical *anges or reactions 9 a liv+ body1 b are ! atoms & molecules t are involv$ 9 su* *anges radically *ang$8 ,c oxyg5 be any?+ b oxyg51 or c>bon any?+ b c>bon8 ,is :at we call life ! result ( _! v>i\s new comb9ations8 ,_m mod]n biologi/s hold to ?is view4 ,9 ?is conception m]ely a *ange 9 ! ord] ( arrangem5t ( ! molecules ( a sub/ance--:i* foll[s :i* or :i* is jo9$ to :i*--is fraught ) consequ5ces z great z ! ord] 9 :i* ! lett]s ( ! alphabet are arrang$ 9 words1 or ! words !mselves are arrang$ 9 s5t5ces4 ,! *ange ( "o lett] 9 a ^w (t5 utt]ly *anges ! mean+ ( t ^w1 & ! *ang+ ( a ^w 9 ! s5t5ce may give expression to an entirely diff]5t idea4 ,rev]se ! lett]s 9 ! ^w ,god1 & y get ! "n ( our fai?ful fri5d ! dog4 ,huxley & ,tyndall bo? taught t x 0 ! way t ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] are comp\nd$ t makes ! :ole diff]5ce betwe5 a cabbage & an oak1 or betwe5 a frog & a man4 ,x is a h>d proposition4 ,we "k ) sci5tific c]ta9ty t ! diff]5ce betwe5 a diamond & a piece ( *>coal1 or betwe5 a pe>l & an oy/]-%ell1 is ! way t ! p>ticles ( c>bon 9 ! "o case1 & ( calcium c>bide 9 ! o!r1 are arrang$4 ,we "k ) equal c]ta9ty t ! diff]5ce betwe5 c]ta9 *emical bodies1 l alcohol & e!r1 is ! arrangem5t ( _! ultimate p>ticles1 s9ce bo? h ! same *emical =mula4 ,we d n spell acetic acid1 alcohol1 sug>1 />*1 animal fat1 vegetable oils1 glyc]9e1 & ! l1 ) ! same lett]s2 yet nature comp\nds !m all ( ! same atoms ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 b 9 diff]5t proportions & 9 diff]5t ord]s4 ,*emi/ry is all-pot5t4 ,a me*anical mixture ( two or m elem5ts is a simple affair1 b a *emical mixture introduces an elem5t ( magic4 ,no conjur]'s trick c approa* su* a trans=mation z t ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 gases into wat]4 ,! miracle ( turn+ wat] into w9e is tame by comp>ison4 ,dip pla9 cotton into a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids & let x dry1 & we h t t]rible explosive1 guncotton4 ,or1 take ! cellulose ( :i* cotton is compos$1 & add two atoms ( hydrog5 & "o ( oxyg51 & we h sug>4 ,b we are to rememb] t ! diff]5ce "h indicat$ is n a quantitative1 b a qualitative "o1 n "o affect+ bulk1 b affect+ /ructure4 ,truly *emi/ry works wond]s4 ,take e?yl alcohol1 or ord9>y spirits ( w9e1 & add f\r m atoms ( c>bon to ! c>bon molecule1 & we h ! poison c>bolic acid4 ,pure alcohol c be turn$ into a deadly poison1 n by add+ to1 b simply by tak+ f x2 take out "o atom ( c>bon & two ( hydrog5 f ! alcohol molecule1 & we h ! poison me?yl alcohol4 ,b we are to rememb] t ! diff]5ce "h indicat$ is n a quantitative1 b a qualitative "o1 n "o affect+ bulk1 b affect+ /ructure4 ,9 our atmosph]e we h a me*anical mixture ( nitrog5 & oxyg51 f\r p>ts ( nitrog5 to "o ( oxyg54 ,by unit+ ! nitrog5 & oxyg5 *emically 7,n#b,o7 we h nitr\s oxide1 laugh+-gas4 ,ord9>y />* is made up ( ?ree diff]5t elem5ts--six p>ts ( c>bon1 t5 p>ts ( hydrog51 & five p>ts ( oxyg5 7,c#f;,h#aj,o#e74 ,n[ if we add wat] to ?is comp\nd1 we h a simple mixture ( />* & wat]1 b if we br+ ab\t a *emical union ) ! elem5ts ( wat] 7hydrog5 & oxyg571 we h grape sug>4 ,?is sug> is =m$ 9 gre5 leaves by ! ag5cy ( sunlight1 & is ! basis ( all plant & animal food1 & h5ce "o ( ! mo/ important ?+s 9 nature4 ,c>bon is a solid1 & is se5 9 its pure /ate 9 ! diamond1 ! h>de/ body 9 nature & ! mo/ valu$ ( all preci\s /ones1 b x ent]s l>gely into all liv+ bodies & is an important con/itu5t ( all ! food we eat4 ,z a gas1 unit$ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 =m+ c>bon dioxide1 x 0 pres5t at ! beg9n+ ( life1 & probably help$ k9dle ! fir/ vital sp>k4 ,9 ! %ape ( wood & coal1 x n[ w>ms u & makes ! :eels ( our mat]ial civilization g r\nd4 ,diamond /uff1 ?r\gh ! magic ( *emi/ry1 plays "o ( ! pr9ciple rles 9 our physical life2 we eat x1 & are w>m$ & propell$ by x1 & *e]$ by x4 ,tak5 z c>bonic acid gas into our lungs1 x poisons u2 tak5 into our /oma*s1 x /imulates u2 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 x dis9tegrates ! rocks1 eat+ out ! c>bonate ( lime :i* !y conta94 ,x is "o ( ! pr9cipal actors 9 ! drama ( organiz$ matt]4 ,v ,we h a good illu/ration ( ! p[] ( *emi/ry1 & h[ closely x is dogg+ ! foot/eps ( life1 9 ! _m organic comp\nds x has built up out ( ! elem5ts1 su* z sug>1 />*1 indigo1 camphor1 rubb]1 & s =?1 all ( :i* us$ to be look$ ^u z impossible aside f life-processes4 ,x is su* progress z ?is t leads "s m5 ( sci5ce to believe t ! creation ( life itself is )9 ! rea* ( *emi/ry4 ,i d n believe t any occult or transc5d5tal pr9ciple b>s ! way1 b t "s unkn[n & p]haps unkn[able condition does1 z my/]i\s & unrepeatable z t :i* sep>ates our m5tal life f our physical4 ,! transmutation ( ! physical into ! psy*ical takes place1 b ! secret ( x we d n "k4 ,x does n seem to fall )9 ! law ( ! correlation & ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,free or s+le atoms are v r>e2 !y all quickly f9d _! mates or p>tn]s4 ,?is eag]ness ( ! elem5ts to comb9e is "o ( ! my/]ies4 ,if ! _w ( visible matt] 7 at "o /roke resolv$ into its con/itu5t atoms1 x w\ld practically disappe>2 we might smell x1 or ta/e x1 if we 7 left1 b we c\ld n see x1 or feel x2 ! wat] w\ld vani%1 ! solid gr\nd w\ld vani%--m ?an half ( x into oxyg5 atoms1 & ! re/ ma9ly into silicon atoms4 ,! atoms ( diff]5t bodies are all alike1 & presumably ea* holds ! same am\nt ( electric en]gy4 ,"o wond]s1 !n1 h[ ! ord] 9 :i* !y are arrang$ c affect !m s widely z to produce bodies s unlike z1 say1 alcohol & e!r4 ,?is br+s be=e u aga9 ! my/]y ( *emical arrangem5t or comb9ation1 s diff]5t f any?+ we "k among tangible bodies4 ,x seems to imply t ea* atom has its own individuality4 ,mix up a lot ( pebbles toge!r1 & ! result w\ld be h>dly affect$ by ! ord] ( ! arrangem5t1 b mix up a lot ( p1 & ! result w\ld be greatly affect$ by ! fact ( :o is elb[+ :o4 ,x seems ! same among ! my/]i\s atoms1 z if "s complem5t$ or /imulat$ ^? next !m1 or _h an opposite effect4 ,b c we ?9k ( ! atoms 9 a *emical comp\nd z be+ next "o ano!r1 or m]ely 9 juxtaposition8 ,d we n r h to ?9k ( !m z id5tifi$ ) "o ano!r to an ext5t t has no p>allel 9 ! _w ( pond]able bodies8 ,a k9d ( sympa?y or aff9ity makes !m "o 9 a s5se t we only see realiz$ among liv+ be+s4 ,*emical activity is ! fir/ /ep f physical activity to vital activity1 b ! la/ /ep is tak5 r>ely--! o!r two are univ]sal4 ,*emical *anges involve ! atom4 ,:at d vital *anges involve8 ,we d n "k4 ,we c easily br+ ab\t ! *emical *anges1 b n s ! vital *anges4 ,a *emical *ange de/roys "o or m sub/ances & produces o!rs totally unlike !m2 a vital *ange breaks up sub/ances & builds up o!r bodies out ( !m2 x results 9 new comp\nds t f9ally cov] ! e>? ) myriads ( new & /range =ms4 ,x ,,! ,,vital ,,ord] ,i ,! me*ani/ic !ory ( life--! !ory t all liv+ ?+s c be expla9$ & fully acc\nt$ = on purely physico-*emical pr9ciples--has _m def5d]s 9 our day4 ,! ma9 aim ( ! =ego+ *apt]s is to po9t out ! inadequacy ( ?is view4 ,at ! risk ( we>y+ my read] ,i am go+ to collect "u ! above head+ a few m consid]ations be>+ on ?is po9t4 ,a ?+ t gr[s1 t develops1 _c1 except by v free use ( language1 be call$ a ma*9e4 ,we speak ( ! body z a ma*9e1 b we h to qualify x by prefix+ ! adjective liv+--! liv+ ma*9e1 :i* takes x out ( ! me*anical ord] ( ?+s fabricat$1 contriv$1 built up f )\t1 & puts x 9 ! ord] we call vital1 ! ord] ( ?+s self-develop$ f )91 ! ord] ( ?+s autonom\s1 z contra/$ ) ?+s automatic4 ,all ! me*anical pr9ciples are op]ative 9 ! life processes1 b !y h be5 vitaliz$1 n *ang$ 9 any way b 9 ! s]vice ( a new ord] ( reality4 ,! he>t ) its *amb]s & valves is a pump t =ces ! blood ?r\gh ! sy/em1 b a pump t works itself & does n dep5d ^u pneumatic pressure--a pump 9 :i* vital en]gy takes ! place ( gravitational en]gy4 ,! p]i/altic movem5t 9 ! inte/9es involves a me*anical pr9ciple1 b x is set up by an inw>d /imulus1 & n by outw>d =ce4 ,x is ^! inw>d /imuli1 :i* ( c\rse involve *emical reactions1 t af=d ! motive p[] = all liv+ bodies & t put ! liv+ 9 ano!r ord] f ! me*anical4 ,! eye is an optical in/rum5t1--a r crude "o1 x is said1--b x _c be sep>at$ f its function1 z c a m]e in/rum5t--! eye sees z lit]ally z ! bra9 ?9ks4 ,9 brea?+ we unconsci\sly apply ! pr9ciple ( ! bell[s2 x is a bell[s aga9 :i* works itself1 b ! function ( :i*1 9 a v limit$ s5se1 we c inhibit & control4 ,an artificial1 or man-made1 ma*9e always implies an artific]1 b ! liv+ ma*9e is n made 9 any su* s5se2 x gr[s1 x arises out ( ! organiz+ pr9ciple t becomes active 9 matt] "u conditions t we only dimly und]/&1 & t we _c reproduce4 ,! vital & ! me*anical cop]ate 9 all our bodily functions4 ,swall[+ our food is a me*anical process1 ! dige/ion ( x is a *emical process & ! assimilation & elim9ation ( x a vital process4 ,inhal+ & exhal+ ! air is a me*anical process1 ! oxidation ( ! blood is a *emical process1 & ! r5ewal ( ! corpuscles is a vital process4 ,gr[?1 assimilation1 elim9ation1 reproduction1 metabolism1 & secretion1 are all vital processes :i* _c be describ$ 9 t]ms ( physics & *emi/ry4 ,all our bodily movem5ts--lift+1 /rik+1 walk+1 runn+--are me*anical1 b see+1 he>+1 & ta/+1 are ( ano!r ord]4 ,& t :i* controls1 directs1 cord9ates1 & inhibits our activities belongs to a /ill high] ord]1 ! psy*ic4 ,! _w ( ?\ghts & emotions )9 u1 :ile dep5d5t ^u & int]act+ ) ! physical _w )\t u1 _c be acc\nt$ = 9 t]ms ( ! physical _w4 ,a liv+ ?+ is m ?an a ma*9e1 m ?an a *emical laboratory4 ,we c analyze ! processes ( a tree into _! me*anical & *emical elem5ts1 b !re is besides a k9d ( =ce !re :i* we mu/ call vital4 ,! :ole gr[? & developm5t ( ! tree1 its mann] ( bran*+ & gripp+ ! soil1 its fixity ( species1 its individuality--all imply some?+ t does n belong to ! ord] ( ! inorganic1 automatic =ces4 ,9 ! liv+ animal h[ ! psy*ic /&s relat$ to ! physical or physiological & arises out ( x1 sci5ce _c tell u1 b ! relation mu/ be real2 only philosophy c grapple ) t "q4 ,to resolve ! psy*ic & ! vital into ! me*anical & *emical & refuse to see any o!r factors at "w is ! ess5ce ( mat]ialism4 ,,ii ,any contrivance :i* %[s an int]dep5d5ce ( p>ts1 t results 9 unity ( action1 is sup]-me*anical4 ,! sol> sy/em may be reg>d$ z a unit1 b x has n ! purposive unity ( a liv+ body4 ,x is "o only 9 ! s5se t its sep>ate bodies are all made ( "o /uff1 & obey ! same laws & move toge!r 9 ! same direction1 b a liv+ body is a unit because all its p>ts are 9 ! s]vice ( "o purposive end4 ,an army is a unit1 a flock ( greg>i\s birds1 a colony ( ants or bees1 is a unit because ! _s & purpose ( "o is ! _s & purpose ( all2 ! unity is psy*ological4 ,only liv+ bodies are adaptive4 ,adaptation1 ( c\rse1 has its physics or its *emi/ry1 because x is a physical ph5om5on2 b !re is no adaptation ( a rock or a clay-bank to its environm5t2 !re is only me*anical & *emical adju/m5t4 ,! influ5ce ( ! environm5t may br+ ab\t *emical & physical *anges 9 a non-liv+ body1 b !y are n purposive z 9 a liv+ body4 ,! fat 9 ! se$s ( plants 9 nor!rn c\ntries is liquid & solid at a l[] temp]ature ?an 9 tropical climates4 ,liv+ organisms alone react 9 a =mative or de=mative way to ext]nal /imuli4 ,9 w>m climates ! fur ( animals & ! wool ( %eep become ?9 & light4 ,! cold] ! climate1 ! ?ick] ^! cov]+s4 ,su* facts only %[ t 9 ! matt] ( adaptation among liv+ organisms1 !re is a factor at "w o!r ?an *emi/ry & physics--n indep5d5t ( !m1 b mak+ a purposive use ( !m4 ,cut (f ! c5tral %oot t leads ! "y spruce tree upw>ds1 & "o ( ! %oots f ! :irl ( lat]al bran*es bel[ x sl[ly rises up & takes ! place ( ! lo/ lead]4 ,"h is an action n prompt$ by ! environm5t1 b by ! morphological ne$s ( ! tree1 & x illu/rates h[ diff]5t is its unity f ! unity ( a m]e ma*9e4 ,i am only aim+ to po9t out t 9 all liv+ ?+s ! mat]ial =ces behave 9 a purposive way to a degree t _c be affirm$ ( !m 9 non-liv+1 & t1 !re=e1 !y imply intellig5ce4 ,evid5tly ! cells 9 ! body d n all h ! same degree ( life1--t is1 ! same degree ( irritability4 ,! bone cells & ! hair cells1 = in/ance1 c h>dly be s mu* alive--or s irritable--z ! muscle cells2 nor ^! z int5sely alive z ! n]ve & bra9 cells4 ,does n a bird possess a high] degree ( life ?an a mollusk1 or a turtle8 ,is n a brook tr\t m alive ?an a mud-suck]8 ,y c freeze ! latt] z /iff z an icicle & resuscitate x1 b n ! =m]4 ,!re is a scale ( degrees 9 life z cle>ly z !re is a scale ( degrees 9 temp]ature4 ,!re is an endless gradation ( s5sibilities ( ! liv+ cells1 dep5d5t probably ^u ! degree ( diff]5tiation ( function4 ,an/hetics dull or susp5d ?is irritability4 ,! m highly develop$ & complex ! n]v\s sy/em1 ! high] ! degree ( life1 till we pass f m]e physical life to psy*ic life4 ,sci5ce might trace ?is diff]5ce to cell /ructure1 b :at br+s ab\t ! *ange 9 ! "* ( ! cell1 or />ts ! cells to build+ a complex n]v\s sy/em1 is a "q unansw]able to sci5ce4 ,! biologi/ imag9es ?is & t ab\t ! invisible or hypo!tical molecul> /ructure2 he assigns diff]5t functions to ! atoms2 "s are = endosmosis1 o!rs = contraction1 o!rs = conduction ( /imuli4 ,intramolecul> oxyg5 plays a "p4 ,o!r names are giv5 to ! my/]y--! micell> /r+s ( ,naegeli1 ! biophores ( ,weismann1 ! pla/idules ( ,haeckel2 !y all presuppose millions ( molecules peculi>ly arrang$ 9 ! protoplasm4 ,on purely me*anical & *emical pr9ciples ,tyndall acc\nts = ! gr[? f ! g]m ( a tree4 ,! g]m w\ld be quiet1 b ! sol> light & heat di/urb its dreams1 break up its atomic equilibrium4 ,! g]m makes an ef=t to re/ore x 7:y does x make an ef=t871 :i* ef=t is necess>ily defeat$ & incessantly r5ew$1 & 9 ! turmoil or scrapp+ betwe5 ! g]m & ! sol> =ces1 matt] is ga!r$ f ! soil & f ! air & built into ! special =m ( a tree4 ,:y n 9 ! =m ( a cabbage1 or a donkey1 or a clam8 ,if ! =ces are purely automatic1 :y n8 ,:y %\ld matt] be ga!r$ 9 at all 9 a me*anical /ruggle betwe5 inorganic elem5ts8 ,b ^! are n all inorganic2 ! se$ is organic4 ,ah6 t makes ! diff]5ce6 ,t acc\nts = ! ef=t4 ,s we h to h ! organic to />t )1 !n ! re/ is easy4 ,no d\bt ! molecules ( ! se$ w\ld rema9 9 a quiesc5t /ate1 if !y 7 n di/urb$ by ext]nal influ5ces1 *emical & me*anical4 ,b !re is some?+ lat5t or pot5tial 9 t se$ t is ! opposite ( ! me*anical1 namely1 ! vital1 & 9 :at t consi/s1 & :]e x came f1 is ! my/]y4 ,,iii ,i fancy t ! difficulty :i* an increas+ numb] ( p]sons f9d 9 accept+ ! me*ani/ic view ( life1 or evolution1--! view :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] built into su* a pond]\s sy/em ( philosophy1 & :i* su* m5 z ,huxley1 ,tyndall1 ,gif=d1 ,haeckel1 ,v]worn1 & o!rs1 h upheld & illu/rat$1--is temp]am5tal r ?an logical4 ,! view is di/a/eful to a c]ta9 type ( m9d--! flexible1 imag9ative1 arti/ic1 & lit]>y type--! type t loves to see itself reflect$ 9 nature or t reads its own ?\ghts & emotions into nature4 ,9 a few em95t examples ! two types ( m9d to :i* ,i ref] seem m or less bl5d$4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge is a case 9 po9t4 ,sir ,oliv] is an em95t physici/ :o 9 8 conception ( ! totality ( ?+s is yet a ?or\ghgo+ ideali/ & my/ic4 ,8 solution ( ! problem ( liv+ ?+s is extra-sci5tific4 ,he sees 9 life a di/9ct transc5d5tal pr9ciple1 n involv$ 9 ! con/itution ( matt]1 b indep5d5t ( x1 ent]+ into x & us+ x = its own purposes4 ,tyndall 0 ano!r great sci5ti/ ) an inborn ideali/ic /ra9 9 him4 ,8 fam\s1 & to _m m9ds disquiet+1 decl>ation1 made 9 8 ,belfa/ address ov] ?irty ye>s ago1 t 9 matt] itself he saw ! promise & ! pot5cy ( all t]re/rial life1 /amps him z a sci5tific mat]iali/4 ,b 8 conception ( matt]1 z at bottom ess5tially my/ical & transc5d5tal1 /amps him z also an ideali/4 ,! ideali/ 9 him speaks v eloqu5tly 9 ! passage :i*1 9 ! same address1 he puts into ! m\? ( ,bi%op ,butl]1 9 ! latt]'s imag9>y debate ) ,lucretius3 ,y\r atoms1 says ! ,bi%op1 are individually )\t s5sation1 mu* m are !y )\t intellig5ce4 ,may ,i ask y1 !n1 to try y\r h& ^u ?is problem4 ,take y\r dead hydrog5 atoms1 y\r dead oxyg5 atoms1 y\r dead c>bon atoms1 y\r dead nitrog5 atoms1 y\r dead phosphorus atoms1 & all ! o!r atoms1 dead z gra9s ( %ot1 ( :i* ! bra9 is =m$4 ,imag9e !m sep>ate & s5sationless1 obs]ve !m runn+ toge!r & =m+ all imag9able comb9ations4 ,?is1 z a purely me*anical process1 is seeable by ! m9d4 ,b c y see or dream1 or 9 any way imag9e1 h[ out ( t me*anical art1 & f ^! individually dead atoms1 s5sation1 ?\ght1 & emotion are to arise8 ,are y likely to extract ,hom] out ( ! rattl+ ( dice1 or ! ,diff]5tial ,calculus out ( ! cla% ( billi>d balls8 ,c\ld any vitali/1 or ,b]gsonian ideali/ h /at$ 8 case bett]8 ,n[ ! ,bi%op ,butl] type ( m9d--! visualiz+1 idealiz+1 analogy-lov+1 lit]>y1 & philosophical m9d--is %>$ by a good _m p2 x is %>$ by or is *>act]i/ic ( all ! great poets1 arti/s1 se]s1 ideali/s ( ! _w2 x is ! humani/ic type t sees man ev]y:]e reflect$ 9 nature2 & is radically diff]5t f ! /rictly sci5tific type :i* dehumanizes nature & r$uces x to imp]sonal laws & =ces1 :i* di/ru/s analogy & s5tim5t & poetry1 & cl+s to a rigid logical me?od4 ,?is type ( m9d is b\nd to h tr\ble 9 accept+ ! physico-*emical !ory ( ! nature & orig9 ( life4 ,x visualizes life1 sees x z a di/9ct =ce or pr9ciple work+ 9 & ?r\gh matt] b n ( x1 sup]-physical 9 its orig9 & psy*ological 9 its nature4 ,?is is ! view ,h5ri ,b]gson exploits 9 8 ,creative ,evolution4 ,?is is ! view ,kant took :5 he said1 ,x is q c]ta9 t we _c ev5 satisfactorily und]/&1 mu* less expla91 ! nature ( an organism & its int]nal =ces on purely me*anical pr9ciples4 ,x is ! view ,goe! took :5 he said1 ,matt] c nev] exi/ )\t _s1 nor _s )\t matt]4 ,tyndall says ,goe! 0 help$ by 8 poetic tra9+ 9 ! field ( natural hi/ory1 b h9d]$ z reg>ds ! physical & me*anical sci5ces4 ,he c\ld n =mulate di/9ct me*anical conceptions2 he c\ld n see ! =ce ( me*anical reason+4 ,8 lit]>y culture help$ him to a lit]>y int]pretation ( liv+ nature1 b n to a sci5tific explanation ( x2 x help$ put him 9 sympa?y ) liv+ ?+s1 & j to t ext5t b>r$ him f ! me*ani/ic conception ( ^? ( pure sci5ce4 ,goe!1 l e great poet1 saw ! univ]se ?r\gh ! color$ m$ium ( 8 imag9ation1 8 emotional & /hetic nature2 9 %ort1 ?r\gh 8 humanism1 & n 9 ! :ite light ( ! sci5tific reason4 ,8 contributions to lit]ature 7 ( ! fir/ ord]1 b 8 contributions to sci5ce h n tak5 high rank4 ,he 0 a prophet ( ! s\l1 & n a disciple ( ! sci5tific und]/&+4 ,if we look ^u life z inh]5t or pot5tial 9 ! con/itution ( matt]1 dep5d5t ^u outw>d physical & *emical conditions = its developm5t1 we are acc\nt+ = life 9 t]ms ( matt] & motion1 & are 9 ! ranks ( ! mat]iali/s4 ,b if we f9d ourselves unable to set ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt] 9 action1 or s work+ z to produce ! reaction :i* results 9 life1 )\t conceiv+ ( "s new =ce or pr9ciple op]at+ ^u !m1 !n we are 9 ! ranks ( ! vitali/s or ideali/s4 ,! ideali/s see ! orig9al atoms slumb]+ !re 9 rock & sea & soil = untold ages1 till1 mov$ ^u by "s unkn[n factor1 !y draw toge!r 9 c]ta9 fix$ ord] & numb]s1 & life is ! result4 ,some?+ seems to put a spell ^u !m & cause !m to behave s diff]5tly f ! way !y behav$ be=e !y 7 drawn into ! life circuit4 ,:5 we ?9k ( life1 z ! mat]iali/s d1 z ( me*anico-*emical orig91 or explicable 9 t]ms ( ! natural univ]sal ord]1 we ?9k ( ! play ( mat]ial =ces amid :i* we live1 we ?9k ( _! subtle action & int]action all ab\t u--( osmosis1 capill>ity1 radio-activity1 electricity1 !rmism1 & ! l2 we ?9k ( ! f\r /ates ( matt]1--solid1 fluid1 gase\s1 & e!real1--( h[ little our s5ses take 9 ( _! total activities1 & we d n feel ! ne$ ( invok+ a transc5d5tal pr9ciple to acc\nt = x4 ,yet to fail to see t :at we mu/ call intellig5ce p]vades & is active 9 all organic nature is to be spiritually bl9d4 ,b to see x z some?+ =eign to1 or sep>able f1 nature is to d viol5ce to our fai? 9 ! con/ancy & suffici5cy ( ! natural ord]4 ,"o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory4 ,!re are degrees ( my/]y 9 ! univ]se4 ,! mo/ my/]i\s ?+ 9 inorganic nature is electricity--t disembodi$ en]gy t slumb]s 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]--unse51 unfelt1 unkn[n1 till x sudd5ly leaps =? ) su* t]rible vividness & p[] on ! face ( ! /orm1 or till we summon x ?r\gh ! trans=mation ( "s o!r =m ( en]gy4 ,a /ill high] & m inscrutable my/]y is life--t some?+ :i* clo!s itself 9 su* inf9itely v>i$ & beautiful z well z unbeautiful =ms ( matt]4 ,we c evoke electricity at w f _m diff]5t s\rces1 b we c evoke life only f o!r life2 ! biog5etic law is inviolable4 ,,iv ,x takes "s ( ! cold iron out ( ! me*ani/ic !ory ( life if we dive/ x ( all our associations ) ! ma*9e-mad & ma*9e-ridd5 _w 9 :i* we live & out ( :i* our mat]ial civilization came4 ,! me*anical1 ! automatic1 is ! anti!sis ( ! spontane\s & ! poetic1 & x repels u on t acc\nt4 ,we are s made t ! artificial sy/ems please u f> less ?an ! natural sy/ems4 ,a sail+-%ip takes u m ?an a /eam%ip4 ,x is ne>] life1 ne>] ! w+$ creatures4 ,!re is det]m9ism 9 nature1 me*anical =ces are ev]y:]e op]ative1 b !re are no ma*9es 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,:5 we call an organism a liv+ ma*9e we at once take x out ( ! categories ( ! m]ely me*anical & automatic & lift x into a high] ord]--! vital ord]4 ,pr(essor ,le ,dantec says we are me*anisms 9 ! ?ird degree1 a me*anism ( a me*anism ( a me*anism4 ,! body is a me*anism by virtue ( its anatomy--its framework1 its lev]s1 its h+es2 x is a me*anism by virtue ( its *emical activities2 & x is a me*anism by virtue ( its colloid /ates--?ree k9ds ( me*anisms 9 "o1 & all act+ toge!r h>moni\sly & z a unit--9 o!r words1 a sup]-me*anical comb9ation ( activities4 ,! me*anical conception ( life repels u because ( its association 9 our m9ds ) ! fabrications ( our own h&s--! dead metal & wood & ! noise & du/ ( our ma*9e-ridd5 & ma*9e-produc$ civilization4 ,b ,nature makes no ma*9es l our own4 ,%e uses me*anical pr9ciples ev]y:]e1 9 in]t matt] & 9 liv+ bodies1 b %e does n use !m 9 ! bald & lit]al way we d4 ,we mu/ dive/ h] me*anisms ( ! rigidity & angul>ity t p]ta9 to ! works ( our own h&s4 ,h] hooks & h+es & spr+s & sails & coils & a]oplanes1 all involve me*anical contrivances1 b h[ diff]5tly !y impress u f our own application ( ! same pr9ciples6 ,ev5 9 in]t matt]--9 ! dews1 ! ra9s1 ! w9ds1 ! tides1 ! sn[s1 ! /reams1--h] me*anics & h] *emi/ry & h] hydro/atics & pneumatics1 seem mu* ne>] ak9 to life ?an our own4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ,nature's ma*9es are n human ma*9es4 ,:5 we place our ma*9e s t x is driv5 by ! great univ]sal curr5ts1--! :eel 9 ! /ream1 ! sail on ! wat]1--! result is mu* m pleas+ & poetic ?an :5 propell$ by artificial p[]4 ,! m ma*9]y we get betwe5 ourselves & ,nature1 ! f>!r (f ,nature seems4 ,! m>vels ( cry/allization1 ! beautiful vegetable =ms :i* ! fro/ et*es ^u ! /one flagg+ ( ! sidewalk1 & ^u ! w9d[-pane1 delight u & we d n reason :y4 ,a natural bridge pleases m ?an "o :i* is ! "w ( an eng9e]1 yet ! natural bridge c only /& :5 x is bas$ ^u good eng9e]+ pr9ciples4 ,i f\nd at ! great ,colorado ,caon1 t ! m ! monum5ts ( erosion 7 sugge/ive ( human /ructures1 or eng9e]+ & ar*itectural works1 ! m ,i 0 impress$ by !m4 ,we are pleas$ :5 ,nature imitates man1 & we are pleas$ :5 man imitates ,nature1 & yet we recoil f ! ?\ght t life is only appli$ me*anics & *emi/ry4 ,b ! ?\ght t x is me*anics & *emi/ry appli$ by some?+ ( :i* !y z su*1 =m no "p1 "s ag5t or pr9ciple :i* we call vitality1 is welcome to u4 ,no ma*9e we h ev] made or se5 c w9d itself up1 or has life1 no *emical comp\nd f ! laboratories ev] develops a bit ( organic matt]1 & !re=e we are disbeliev]s 9 ! p[]s ( ^! ?+s4 ,v ,is gravity or *emical aff9ity any m real to ! m9d ?an vitality8 ,bo? are names = my/]ies4 ,some?+ :i* we call life lifts matt] up1 9 opposition to gravity1 into ?\s&s ( liv+ =ms4 ,! tree lifts pota%1 silica1 & lime up "o or two hundr$ feet into ! air2 x elb[s ! soil away f its hole :]e x ent]s ! gr\nd2 its roots split rocks4 ,a giant sequoia lifts tons ( solid matt] & wat] up hundr$s ( feet4 ,s w an explosion ( p[d] or dynamite1 b ! tree does x sl[ly & sil5tly by ! organiz+ p[] ( life4 ,! vital is z inscrutably id5tifi$ ) ! me*anical & *emical z ! s\l is id5tifi$ ) ! body4 ,!y are "o :ile yet !y are two4 ,= purely me*anical ?+s we c f9d equival5ts4 ,arre/ a purely me*anical process1 & ! ma*9e only re/s or ru/s2 arre/ a vital process1 & ! ma*9e evaporates1 dis9tegrates1 myriads ( o!r ma*9es r$uce x to its orig9al m9]al & gase\s elem5ts4 ,9 ! organic _w we /rike a pr9ciple t is incalculable 9 its op]ation & incomm5surable 9 its results4 ,! physico-*emical =ces we c br+ to book2 we "k _! orbits1 _! attractions & repulsions1 & j :at !y w & w n d2 we c =eca/ _! movem5ts & =esee _! effects4 ,b ! vital =ces transc5d all our ma!matics2 we _c anticipate _! behavior4 ,/>t in]t matt] 9 motion & we "k pretty ne>ly :at w happ5 to x2 mix ! *emical elem5ts toge!r & we c =esee ! results2 b />t processes or reactions we call life1 & :o c =esee ! end8 ,we "k ! sap w m\nt 9 ! tree & ! tree w be true to its type1 b :at d we or c we "k ( :at x is t det]m9es its k9d & size8 ,we "k t 9 c]ta9 plants ! leaves w always be opposite ea* o!r on ! /alk1 & t 9 o!r plants ! leaves w alt]nate2 t c]ta9 plants w h conspicu\s & o!rs inconspicu\s fl[]s2 b h[ c we "k :at x is 9 ! cells ( ! plants t det]m9es ^! ?+s8 ,we c graft ! scion ( a s\r apple tree ^u a sweet1 & vice v]sa1 & ! fruit ( ! scion w be true to its k9d1 b no analysis ( ! scion or ( ! /ock w reveal ! secret1 z x w\ld 9 ! case ( *emical comp\nds4 ,9 inorganic nature we meet ) concretions1 b n secretions2 ) cry/allization1 b n ) assimilation & gr[? f )94 ,*emi/ry tells u t ! composition ( animal bodies is id5tical ) t ( vegetable2 t !re is no?+ 9 "o t is n 9 ! o!r2 & yet1 behold ! diff]5ce6 a diff]5ce beyond ! rea* ( *emi/ry to expla94 ,biology c tell u all ab\t ^! diff]5ces & _m o!r ?+s1 b x _c tell u ! secret we are look+ =1--:at x is t fa%ions f ! same elem5ts two bodies s unlike z a tree & a man4 ,decay & dis9tegration 9 ! inorganic _w (t5 lead to ! production ( beautiful =ms4 ,9 life ! rev]se is true2 ! vital =ces build up v>i$ & picturesque =ms :i* :5 pull$ d[n are %apeless & displeas+4 ,! imm5se lay]s ( s&/one & lime/one out ( :i* ! wond]ful =ms t fill ! ,gr& ,caon ( ! ,colorado are c>v$ 7 laid d[n 9 wide uni=m %eets2 if ! wat]s _h deposit$ _! mat]ial 9 ! =ms :i* we n[ see1 x w\ld h be5 a miracle4 ,we m>vel & admire z we gaze ^u !m n[2 we d m1 we h to speculate z to h[ x 0 all done by ! bl9d1 un9tellig5t =ces4 ,giant /airways1 enorm\s alcoves1 dizzy1 highly wr\ght balu/rades1 massive v]tical walls /&+ f\r-squ>e l huge f\ndations--h[ did all ! unguid$ erosive =ces d x8 ,! secret is 9 ! /ructure ( ! rock1 9 ! l9es ( cleavage1 9 ! unequal h>dness1 & 9 ! impulsive1 irregul>1 & unequal action ( ! erod+ ag5ts4 ,^! ag5ts foll[ ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance2 !y are active at diff]5t times & seasons1 & f diff]5t directions2 !y "w ) inf9ite sl[ness2 !y und]m9e1 !y dis9tegrate1 !y dislodge1 !y transport2 ! h>d /reaks resi/ !m1 ! s(t /reaks invite !m2 wat] *>g$ ) s& & gravel saws d[n2 ! w9d1 arm$ ) f9e s&1 r\nds (f & holl[s out2 & ?us ! sculptur+ goes on4 ,b aft] y h reason$ out all ^! ?+s1 y /ill m>vel at ! symmetry & ! /ructural beauty ( ! =ms4 ,!y look l ! h&iwork ( b>b>ian gods4 ,!y are ! h&iwork ( physical =ces :i* we c see & measure & 9 a degree control4 ,b :at a gulf sep>ates !m f ! h&iwork ( ! organic =ces6 ,,vi ,"s ?+s come & "s ?+s arise2 ?+s t already exi/ may come1 b pot5tial ?+s arise2 my fri5d comes to visit me1 ! tide comes up ! riv]1 ! cold or hot wave comes f ! we/2 b ! seasons1 night & morn+1 heal? & disease1 & ! l1 d n come 9 ?is s5se2 !y arise4 ,life does n come to dead matt] 9 ?is s5se2 x arises4 ,day & night are n travel+ r\nd ! e>?1 ?\gh we view !m t way2 !y arise f ! turn+ ( ! e>? ^u its axis4 ,if we c\ld keep up ) ! fly+ mom5ts1--t is1 ) ! revolution ( ! e>?1--we c\ld live always at sunrise1 or sunset1 or at noon1 or at any o!r mom5t we c>$ to elect4 ,love or hate does n come to our he>ts2 x is born !re2 ! brea? does n come to ! newborn infant2 respiration arises !re automatically4 ,see h[ ! life ( ! infant is involv$ 9 t fir/ brea?1 yet x is n its life2 ! infant mu/ fir/ be alive be=e x c brea!4 ,if x is /ill-born1 ! respiratory reaction does n take place4 ,we c say1 !n1 t ! brea? means life1 & ! life means brea?2 only we mu/ say ! latt] fir/4 ,we c say 9 ! same way t organization means life1 & life means organization4 ,some?+ sets up ! organiz+ process 9 matt]4 ,we may take all ! physical elem5ts ( life kn[n to u & jumble !m toge!r & %ake !m up to all et]nity1 & life w n result4 ,a little friction betwe5 solid bodies begets heat1 a little m & we get fire4 ,b no am\nt ( friction begets life4 ,heat & life g toge!r1 b heat is ! second>y factor4 ,life is always a vani%+-po9t1 a con/ant becom+--an un/able some?+ t escapes u :ile we seem to analyze x4 ,9 its nature or ess5ce1 x is a metaphysical problem1 & n "o ( physical sci5ce4 ,sci5ce _c grasp x2 x evaporates 9 its crucibles4 ,& sci5ce is compell$ f9ally to drive x into an imag9>y region--,i _h almo/ said1 metaphysical region1 ! region ( ! invisible1 hypo!tical atoms ( matt]4 ,"h 9 ! my/]ies ( molecul> attraction & repulsion1 x conceives ! secret ( life to lie4 ,life is a wave1 says ,tyndall1 b does n "o conceive ( some?+1 "s =ce or impulse 9 ! wave t is n ( ! wave8 ,:at is x t travels along lift+ new wat] ea* mom5t up into waves8 ,x is a physical =ce communicat$ usually by ! w9ds4 ,:5 ! wave dies ^u ! %ore1 ?is =ce is dissipat$1 n lo/1 or is turn$ into heat4 ,:y may we n ?9k ( life z a vital =ce travel+ ?r\gh matt] & lift+ up into organic life waves 9 ! same way8 ,b n translatable into any o!r =m ( en]gy because n d]ivable f any o!r =m4 ,e species ( animal has some?+ ab\t x t is unique & individual & t no *emical or physiological analysis ( x w %[--probably "s mode ( motion among its ultimate p>ticles t is peculi> to itself4 ,?is prev5ts cross-bre$+ among diff]5t species & avoids a *aos ( animal & vegetable =ms4 ,liv+ tissues & liv+ organs f "o species _c be graft$ ^u ! individuals ( ano!r species2 ! kidney ( a cat1 = in/ance1 _c be sub/itut$ = t ( a dog1 al?\gh ! functions & ! anatomy ( ! two are id5tical4 ,x is sugge/$ t an elem5t ( fel95ess & an elem5t ( can95ess adh]e 9 ! cells ( ea*1 & ! two are antagoni/ic4 ,?is specific quality1 or selfness1 ( an animal p]vades e drop ( its blood1 s t ! blood relation%ip ( ! diff]5t =ms may be ?us te/$1 :]e *emi/ry is incompet5t to %[ agreem5t or antagonism4 ,! reactions ( life are sur] & m subtle ?an ^? ( *emi/ry4 ,?us ! blood relation%ip betwe5 birds & reptiles is cle>ly %[n1 z is ! relation%ip ( man & ! *impanzee & ! orang-outang4 ,! same g5]al fact holds true 9 ! vegetable _w4 ,y _c graft ! apple ^u ! oak1 or ! plum ^u ! elm4 ,x seems z if !re 7 ! quality ( oakness & ! quality ( appl5ess1 & !y w\ld n mix4 ,! same ?+ holds among diff]5t *emical comp\nds4 ,sub/ances :i* h precisely ! same *emical =mul 7call$ isom]s7 h prop]ties z widely ap>t z alcohol & e!r4 ,if *emi/ry is p[]less to trace ! relation%ip betwe5 diff]5t =ms ( life1 is x n highly improbable t ! secret ( life itself is 9 ! keep+ ( *emi/ry8 ,analytical sci5ce has rea*$ ! end ( its te!r :5 x has resolv$ a body into its con/itu5t elem5ts4 ,:y or h[ ^! elem5ts build up a man 9 ! "o case1 & a monkey 9 ano!r1 is beyond its prov9ce to say4 ,x c deal ) all ! elem5ts ( ! liv+ body1 vegetable & animal2 x c take !m ap>t & isolate !m 9 diff]5t bottles2 b x _c put !m toge!r aga9 z !y 7 9 life4 ,x kn[s t ! human body is built up ( a va/ multitude ( m9ute cells1 t ^! cells build tissues1 t ! tissues build organs1 t ! organs build ! body2 b ! secret ( ! man1 or ! dog1 or ev5 ! flea1 is beyond its rea*4 ,! secret ( biology1 t :i* makes its laws & processes diff] s widely f ^? ( geology or a/ronomy1 is a pr(\nd my/]y4 ,sci5ce c take liv+ tissue & make x gr[ outside ( ! body f :i* x came1 b x w only repeat endlessly ! fir/ /ep ( life--t ( cell-multiplication2 x is l a fire t w burn z long z fuel is giv5 x & ! a%es are remov$2 b x is entirely purposeless2 x w n build up ! organ ( :i* x once =m$ a "p1 mu* less ! :ole organiz$ body4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 "o man & ano!r does n reside 9 8 anatomy or physiology1 or 9 ! elem5ts ( :i* ! bra9s & bodies are compos$1 b 9 some?+ entirely beyond ! rea* ( exp]im5tal sci5ce to disclose4 ,! diff]5ce is psy*ological1 or1 we may say1 philosophical1 & sci5ce is none ! wis] = x4 ,! me*anics & ! *emi/ry ( a ma*9e are q suffici5t to acc\nt = x1 plus ! man beh9d x4 ,to ! physics & *emi/ry ( a liv+ body1 we are compell$ to add "s intangible1 unkn[able pr9ciple or t5d5cy t physics & *emi/ry _c disclose or def9e4 ,"o hesitates to make su* a /atem5t le/ he d viol5ce to t on5ess1 t sam5ess1 t p]vades ! univ]se4 ,all trees g to ! same soil = _! pond]able elem5ts1 _! a%es1 & to ! air & ! light = _! impond]able1--_! c>bon & _! en]gy1--b :at makes ! tree1 & makes "o tree diff] f ano!r8 ,has ! c>e] ( life ^u ?is globe1 ! unfold+ ( ! evolution>y process1 be5 acc\nt$ = :5 y h nam$ all ! physical & mat]ial elem5ts & processes :i* x involves8 ,we take refuge 9 ! phrase ! nature ( ?+s1 b ! nature ( ?+s evid5tly embraces some?+ n dream$ ( 9 our sci5ce4 ,,vii ,x is report$ t a ,fr5* sci5ti/ has discov]$ ! secret ( ! gl[-worm's light4 ,( c\rse x is a *emical reaction1--:at else c\ld x be8--b x is a *emical reaction 9 a vital process4 ,our m5tal & spiritual life--our emotions ( art1 poetry1 religion--are insep>able f physical processes 9 ! bra9 & ! n]v\s sy/em2 b is t _! f9al explanation8 ,! sunlight has little effect on a )]$ leaf1 b see :at effect x has ^u ! gre5 leaf ^u ! tree6 ,! sunlight is ! same1 b x falls ^u a new =ce or pot5cy 9 ! *lorophyll ( ! leaf1--a bit ( *emi/ry !re inspir$ by life1--& ! heat ( ! sun is /or$ up 9 ! c>bon or woody tissues ( ! plant or tree1 to be giv5 out aga9 9 our /oves or fireplaces4 ,& behold h[ mu* m ( ! sol> heat is /or$ up 9 "o k9d ( a tree ?an 9 c]ta9 o!r k9ds1--h[ mu* 9 ! hickory1 oak1 maple1 & h[ little comp>atively 9 ! p9e1 spruce1 l9d51--all ?r\gh ! magic ( some?+ 9 ! leaf1 or %all we say ( ! _s ( ! tree8 ,if ! laws ( matt] & =ce alone acc\nt = ! liv+ organism1 if we d n h to ?9k ( some?+ t organizes1 !n h[ d we acc\nt = ! m>vel\s div]sity ( liv+ =ms1 & _! /ill m m>vel\s p[] ( adaptation to *ang$ conditions1 s9ce ! laws ( matt] & =ce are ! same ev]y:]e8 ,sci5ce c deal only ) ! me*anism & *emi/ry ( life1 n ) its ess5ce2 t :i* sets up ! new activity 9 matt] t we call vital is beyond its analysis4 ,x is h>d to believe t we h told ! :ole tru? ab\t a liv+ body :5 we h enum]at$ all its *emical & me*anical activities4 ,x is by su* enum]ation t we describe a wat*1 or a /eam-eng9e1 or any o!r piece ( ma*9]y4 ,describe ,i say1 b su* description does n acc\nt = ! wat* or tell u its full significance4 ,to d ?is1 we mu/ include ! wat*mak]1 & ! _w ( m9d & ideas amid :i* he lives4 ,n[1 9 a liv+ ma*9e1 ! ma*9e & ! mak] are "o4 ,! wat* is p]petually self-w\nd & self-regulat$ & self-repair$4 ,x is made up ( millions ( o!r little wat*es1 ! cells1 all work+ toge!r = "o common end & tick+ out ! seconds & m9utes ( life ) unfail+ regul>ity4 ,unlike ! wat* we c>ry 9 our pockets1 if we take x ap>t s z to /op its tick+1 x c nev] be put toge!r aga94 ,x has n m]ely /opp$2 x is dead4 ,! late ,william ,kei? ,brooks1 ( ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 said 9 opposition to ,huxley t he held to ! old-fa%ion$ conviction t liv+ ?+s d 9 "s way1 & 9 "s degree1 control or condition inorganic nature2 t !y hold _! own by sett+ ! me*anical prop]ties ( matt] 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 & t ?is is _! mo/ notable & di/9ctive *>act]i/ic4 ,& yet1 he said1 to ?9k ( ! liv+ _w z any?+ b natural is impossible4 ,,viii ,life seems to beget a new k9d ( *emi/ry1 ! same elem5ts behave s diff]5tly :5 !y are drawn into ! life circuit f :at !y did be=e4 ,c>bon1 = in/ance1 ent]s into hundr$s ( new comp\nds 9 ! organic _w t are unkn[n 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,i am ?us speak+ ( life z if x 7 some?+1 "s =ce or ag5t1 t ant$ates its mat]ial manife/ations1 :]eas 9 ! eyes ( sci5ce !re is no sep>ation ( ! "o f ! o!r4 ,9 an explosion !re is usually some?+ ant]ior to1 or ap>t f1 ! explosive comp\nd1 t pulls ! trigg]1 or t\*es ! mat*1 or completes ! circuit1 b 9 ! sl[ & g5tle explosions t keep ! life ma*9]y go+1 we _c make su* a di/9ction4 ,! sp>k & ! p[d] are "o2 ! gun primes & fires itself2 ! batt]y is p]petually self-*>g$2 ! lamp is self-trimm$ & self-lit4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge is app>5tly s impress$ ) "s su* consid]ations t he spiritualizes life1 & makes x "s my/]i\s entity 9 itself1 exi/+ ap>t f ! matt] :i* x animates & uses2 n a s\rce ( en]gy b a tim] & releas] ( en]gy4 ,h5ri ,b]gson1 9 8 ,creative ,evolution1 exp\nds a simil> philosophy ( life4 ,life is a curr5t 9 opposition to matt] :i* x ent]s into1 & organizes into ! myriads ( liv+ =ms4 ,i confess t x is easi] = me to ?9k ( life 9 ^! t]ms ?an 9 t]ms ( physical sci5ce4 ,! view falls 9 bett] ) our an?ropomorphic t5d5cies4 ,x appeals to ! imag9ation & to our my?-mak+ aptitudes4 ,x gives a dramatic int]e/ to ! "q4 ,) ,b]gson we see life /ruggl+ ) matt]1 seek+ to ov]come its obduracy1 compromis+ ) x1 tak+ a half-loaf :5 x _c get a :ole "o2 we see evolution z ! unfold+ ( a va/ drama act$ ^u ! /age ( geologic "t4 ,creation becomes a p]petual process1 ! creative en]gy an ev]-pres5t & famili> fact4 ,b]gson's book is a wond]ful addition to ! lit]ature ( sci5ce & ( philosophy4 ,! poet1 ! dream]1 ! my/ic1 9 ea* ( u takes he>t at ,b]gson's beautiful philosophy2 x seems l a "p ( life2 x goes s well ) liv+ ?+s4 ,z ,james said1 x is l ! light ( ! morn+ & ! s++ ( birds2 we glory 9 see+ ! intellect humbl$ z he humbles x4 ,! concepts ( sci5ce try our mettle4 ,!y d n appeal to our humanity1 or to our my?-mak+ t5d5cies2 !y appeal to ! purely intellectual1 imp]sonal =ce )9 u4 ,?\gh all our gods tott] & fall1 sci5ce goes its way2 ?\gh our he>ts are *ill$ & our lives are orphan$1 sci5ce _c turn aside1 or veil its light4 ,x does n temp] ! w9d to ! %orn lamb4 ,h5ce ! sci5tific conception ( ! univ]se repels _m p4 ,!y are n equal to x4 ,to ?9k ( life z involv$ 9 ! v con/itution ( matt] itself is a mu* h>d] proposition ?an to conceive ( x z ,b]gson & ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge d1 z an indep5d5t reality4 ,! latt] view gives ! m9d some?+ m tangible to lay hold (4 ,inde$1 sci5ce gives ! m9d no?+ to take hold (4 ,does any *emical process give ! m9d any sep>ate reality to take hold (8 ,is !re a _s ( fire1 or ( decay1 or ( disease1 or ( heal?8 ,,ix ,behold a man ) 8 wond]ful body1 & /ill m wond]ful m9d2 try to ?9k ( him z be+ fa!r$ & mo!r$ by ! m]e me*anical & *emical =ces t we see at "w 9 ! rocks & soil und]foot1 begott5 by *emical aff9ity or ! sol> en]gy work+ z molecul> physic1 & mo!r$ by ! w>m? & moi/ure1 by osmosis & ! colloid /ate--& all ?r\gh ! *ance cla%+s & gr\p+s ( ! irrational physical =ces4 ,no?+ is add$ to !m1 no?+ guides or inspires !m1 no?+ moves ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 no?+ brea!s ^u ! ins5sate clay4 ,! molecules or corpuscles ( ! f\r pr9cipal elem5ts--c>bon1 hydrog51 nitrog51 & oxyg5--j happ5$ to come toge!r 9 c]ta9 def9ite numb]s1 & 9 a c]ta9 def9ite ord]1 & inv5t$ or built up t mo/ m>vel\s ?+ 9 ! univ]se1 ! cell4 ,! cells put _! heads1 or bodies1 toge!r1 & built ! tissues1 ! tissues =m$ ! organs1 ! organs 9 conv5tion assembl$ organiz$ !mselves into ! body1 & behold6 a man1 a bird1 or a tree6--z *ance a happ5+ z ! juxtaposition ( ! gra9s ( s& ^u ! %ore1 or ! %ape ( ! summ] cl\ds 9 ! sky4 ,ari/otle dwells ^u ! int]nal necessity4 ,! tee? ( an animal arise f necessity1 he says2 ! animal mu/ h !m 9 ord] to live4 ,yet x mu/ h liv$ be=e x _h !m1 else h[ w\ld ! necessity arise8 ,if ! horns ( an animal arise f ! same necessity1 ! *ang+ conditions ( its life begat ! necessity2 its life problem became m & m complicat$1 till new tools arose to meet new wants4 ,b )\t "s indwell+ pr9ciple ( developm5t & progress1 h[ c\ld ! new wants arise8 ,sp5c] says ?is progress is ! result ( ! action & reaction betwe5 organisms & _! *ang+ environm5t4 ,b y mu/ fir/ get y\r organism be=e ! environm5t c "w its effects1 & y mu/ h some?+ 9 ! organism t organizes & reacts f ! environm5t4 ,we see ! ag5ts he names a/ronomic1 geologic1 meteorologic1 hav+ _! effects ^u inanimate objects z well1 b !y d n />t ! process ( developm5t 9 !m2 !y *ange a /one1 b d n trans=m x into an organism4 ,! *emi/ c take ! liv+ body ap>t z surely z ! wat*mak] c take a wat* ap>t1 b he _c put ! p>ts toge!r aga9 s t life w reappe>1 z ! wat*mak] c re/ore ! "t-keep+ p[] ( ! wat*4 ,! wat* is a m]e me*anical contrivance ) p>ts fitt$ to p>ts ext]nally1 :ile ! liv+ body is a me*anical & *emical contrivance1 ) p>ts bl5d$ ) p>ts int]nally1 s to speak1 & act+ toge!r ?r\gh sympa?y1 & n m]ely by me*anical adju/m5t4 ,d we n h to ?9k ( "s organiz+ ag5t embrac+ & controll+ all ! p>ts1 & integral 9 ea* ( !m1 mak+ a vital bond in/ead ( a me*anical "o8 ,!re are degrees ( vitality 9 liv+ ?+s1 :]eas !re are only degrees ( complexity & delicacy & effici5cy 9 me*anical contrivances4 ,"o wat* diff]s f ano!r 9 ! p]fection ( its works1 b n z two liv+ bodies ) precisely simil> /ructure diff] f ea* o!r 9 _! hold ^u life1 or 9 _! measure ( vitality4 ,no analysis possible to sci5ce c\ld %[ any diff]5ce 9 ! *emi/ry & physics ( two p]sons ( :om "o w\ld )/& h>d%ips & diseases t w\ld kill ! o!r1 or ) :om "o w\ld h ! gift ( long life & ! o!r n4 ,ma*9es diff] f "o ano!r quantitatively--m or less effici5cy2 a liv+ body diff]s f a ma*9e qualitatively--its effici5cy is ( a diff]5t ord]2 its unity is ( a diff]5t ord]2 its complexity is ( a diff]5t ord]2 ! int]dep5d5ce ( its p>ts is ( a diff]5t ord]4 ,yet :at a p>allel !re is betwe5 a ma*9e & a liv+ body6 ,bo? are run by ext]nal =ces or ag5ts1 sol> en]gy 9 "o appli$ me*anically f )\t2 9 ! o!r appli$ vitally f )92 bo? suff] f ! we> & te> ( "t & f abuse1 b "o is self-repair$ & ! o!r p[]less 9 ?is respect--two ma*9es ) ! same treatm5t runn+ ! same numb] ( ye>s1 b two m5 ) ! same treatm5t runn+ a v unequal numb] ( ye>s4 ,ma*9es ( ! same k9d diff] 9 durability1 m5 diff] 9 p[]s ( endurance2 a man c screw up 8 c\rage1 b a ma*9e has no c\rage to screw up4 ,sci5ce may be unable to see any diff]5ce betwe5 vital me*anics1 vital *emi/ry1 & ! *emics & me*anics ( inorganic bodies--its analysis reveals no diff]5ce2 b t !re is a diff]5ce z betwe5 two diff]5t ord]s1 all m5 see & feel4 ,sci5ce _c deal ) fundam5tal que/ions4 ,only philosophy c d ?is4 ,sci5ce is only a tool or a key1 & x c unlock only c]ta9 mat]ial problems4 ,x _c appraise itself4 ,x is n a judge b a witness4 ,problems ( m9d1 ( "*1 moral1 /hetic1 lit]>y1 arti/ic problems1 are n its sph]e4 ,x c\nts & weighs & measures & analyzes1 x traces relations1 b x _c appraise its own results4 ,sci5ce & religion come 9 conflict only :5 ! latt] seeks to deal ) objective facts1 & ! =m] seeks to deal ) subjective ideas & emotions4 ,on ! "q ( miracle !y cla%1 because religion is !n deal+ ) natural ph5om5a & *all5ges sci5ce4 ,philosophy (f5ds sci5ce :5 x puts its own int]pretation ^u sci5tific facts4 ,sci5ce displeases lit]ature :5 x dehumanizes nature & %[s u irrefragable laws :5 we _h look$ = humani/ic div9ities4 ,,xi ,,! ,,arrival ,,( ,,! ,,fit ,9 my y\? ,i once he>d ! !n well-kn[n lectur] ,/>r ,k+ speak on ,! ,law ( ,disord]4 ,i h no recollection ( ! ma9 ?\ght ( 8 disc\rse1 b c see t x might h be5 ^u ! ord] & h>mony t f9ally come out ( ! di%>monies ( nature & ( man4 ,! :ole univ]se goes blund]+ on1 b surely arrives4 ,collisions & disp]sions 9 ! heav5s above1 & failure & de/ruction among liv+ ?+s on ! e>? bel[1 yet "h we all are 9 a _w good to be 96 ,! pro( t x is good to be 9 is t we are actually "h4 ,x is z if ! ,creator play$ 8 "r h& aga9/ 8 left--:at "o loses ! o!r ga9s4 ,x has be5 aptly said t :ile ,d>w9's !ory ( natural selection may acc\nt = ! survival ( ! fitte/1 x does n acc\nt = ! arrival ( ! fitte/4 ,! arrival ( ! fitte/1 soon] or lat]1 seems 9 "s way gu>ante$ by t5d5cies t are beyond ! hit-&-miss me?od ( natural selection4 ,:5 we look back ov] ! c\rse ( organic evolution1 we see ! unfold+ ( a great drama1 or trag$y1 9 :i*1 = millions ^u millions ( ye>s ! sole actors are l[ & all b bra9less =ms ( life1 dev\r+ & dev\r$1 9 ! old seas4 ,we see1 dur+ o!r millions ^u millions ( ye>s1 a savage c>nival ( huge be/ial =ms ^u ! l&1 amphibian mon/]s & dragons ( ! l& & air1 dev\r+ & be+ dev\r$1 a riot ( blood & c>nage4 ,we see ! %ift+ ( l& & sea1 ! fold+ & crumpl+ ( ! e>?'s cru/1 ! rise ( m\nta9s1 ! engulf+ ( =e/s1 a va/ de/ruction ( life1 imm5se numb]s ( animal =ms becom+ ext9ct ?r\gh inability to adapt !mselves to new conditions1 or f o!r causes4 ,we see creatures1 half bea/1 half bird1 or half dragon1 half fi%2 we see ! evolution>y process ?w>t$ or delay$ app>5tly by ! h>d5+ or fix+ ( its own =ms4 ,we see x grop+ its way l a bl9d man1 & exp]im5t+ ) ?is device & ) t1 fumbl+1 awkw>d1 ineffectual1 try+ magnitude ( body & physical /r5g? fir/1 & !n %ift+ ! emphasis to size ( bra9 & delicacy & complexity ( n]ve-organization1 pu%+ on b grop+ly1 le>n+ only by exp]i5ce1 reg>dless ( pa9 & wa/e & suff]+2 :ole races ( s5ti5t be+s swept away by "s t]re/rial cataclysm1 z at ! end ( ,palozoic & ,mesozoic times2 prodigal1 inhuman1 riot\s1 arm+ "s vegetable gr[?s ) spurs & ?orns t te> & /ab1 "s insects ) /+s1 "s s]p5ts ) deadly fangs1 ! production ( pa9 z mu* a "p ( ! s*eme ( ?+s z ! production ( pleasure2 ! creative impulse feel+ its way ?r\gh ! mollusk to ! fi%1 & ?r\gh ! fi% to ! amphibian & ! reptile1 ?r\gh ! reptile to ! mammal1 & ?r\gh ! mammal to ! an?ropoid apes1 & ?r\gh ! apes to man1 !n ?r\gh ! rude & savage races ( man1 ! long-jaw$1 small-bra9$1 ,plioc5e man1 hairy & savage1 to ! cave-dwell]s & /one-implem5t man ( ,plei/oc5e times1 & s on to our rude ance/ors :om we see dimly at ! dawn ( hi/ory1 & ?us rapidly upw>d to ! ,european man ( our own era4 ,:at a record6 ,:at savag]y1 :at ?w>t+s & delays1 :at c>nage & suff]+1 :at an abs5ce ( all t we mean by intellig5t plann+ & ov]sight1 ( love1 ( fa!rhood6 ,j a cla% ( =ces1 ! battle to ! /rong & ! race to ! fleet4 ,x is h>d to believe t ! c\rse ( organic evolution w\ld h ev5tuat$ 9 man & ! o!r high] =ms ( life )\t "s guid+ pr9ciple2 yet x is equally difficult to believe t ! c\rse ( any guid+ intellig5ce d[n ! ages w\ld h be5 /rewn ) s _m failures & mon/rosities1 s mu* wa/e & suff]+ & delay4 ,man has n be5 specially favor$ by "o =ce or elem5t 9 nature4 ,behold ! enemies t beset him )\t & )91 & t are arm$ = 8 de/ruction6 ,! intellig5ce t appe>s to p]vade ! organic _w1 & t rea*es its consci\s expression 9 ! bra9 ( man1 is j z manife/ 9 all ! =ms ( animals & plants t are inimical to him1 9 all 8 natural enemies1--v5om\s snakes & bea/s ( prey1 & insect pe/s1--z 9 any?+ else4 ,nature is z wise & solicit\s = rats & mice z = m54 ,9 fact1 %e has end[$ _m ( ! l[] creatures ) physical p[]s t %e has d5i$ him4 ,evid5tly man is only "o ( ! c>ds 9 h] pack2 d\btless ! highe/ "o1 b ! game is n play$ = him alone4 ,!re is no economy ( ef=t or ( mat]ial 9 nature z a :ole1 :atev] !re may be 9 special p>ts4 ,! univ]se is n run on mod]n bus9ess-effici5cy pr9ciples4 ,!re is no "q ( "t1 or ( pr(it1 ( solv5cy or insolv5cy4 ,! pr(it-&-loss acc\nt 9 ! long run always balances4 ,9 our a/ronomic age !re are probably va/ly m dead suns & planets /rew+ ! dep?s ( sid]eal space ?an !re are liv+ suns & planets4 ,b 9 "s e>li] p]iod 9 ! cycle ( "t ! rev]se may h be5 true1 or x may be true 9 "s future p]iod4 ,!re is economy ( ef=t 9 ! individual organism1 b n 9 ! organic s]ies1 at lea/ f ! human po9t ( view4 ,dur+ ! biologic ages !re h be5 a va/ numb] ( animal =ms1 great & small1 & are /ill1 t _h no relation to man1 t 7 n 9 8 l9e ( desc5t1 & play$ no "p 9 8 evolution4 ,dur+ t c>nival ( mon/r\s & gigantic =ms 9 ,mesozoic "t ! ance/or ( man 0 probably "s small & insignificant creature ^: life 0 con/antly imp]il$ by ! huge bea/s ab\t x4 ,t x surviv$ at all 9 ! cla% ( =ces1 be/ial & elem5tal1 dur+ ^? e>ly ages1 is "o ( ! wond]s ( "t4 ,! drama or trag$y ( evolution has _h _m actors1 "s ( !m fe>ful & t]rible to look ^u1 :o h play$ _! p>ts & pass$ (f ! /age1 z if ! sole purpose 0 ! ent]ta9m5t ( "s unse5 spectator4 ,:5 we rea* human hi/ory1 :at wa/$ ef=t1 :at failures1 :at bl9d grop+1 :at futile und]tak+s6--w>1 fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 delay+ progress or br++ to naught ! wisdom ( g5]ations ( m56 ,^? :o live 9 ?is age are witness+ 9 ! t]rible ,european w> some?+ analog\s to ! bl9d1 wa/eful fury ( ! elem5tal =ces2 millions ( m5 :o nev] saw "o ano!r1 & :o h n ! %ad[ ( a qu>rel1 engage 9 a life-&-dea? /ruggle1 arm$ ) all ! aids t c5turies ( sci5ce & civilization c give !m--a trag$y t d>k5s ! v heav5s & makes a mock]y ( all our age-old gospel ( peace & good w to m54 ,x is a cata/rophe on a scale ) ! cataclysms ( geologic "t :5 :ole races disappe>$ & ! face ( cont95ts 0 *ang$4 ,x seems t m5 9 ! aggregate1 ) all _! sci5ce & religion1 are no m exempt f ! op]ation ( cosmic laws ?an are ! /ocks & /ones4 ,ea* p>ty to ?is gigantic /ruggle decl>es t he is 9 x aga9/ 8 w2 ! fate t rules 9 ! sol> sy/em seems to h !m all 9 its grip2 ! work+ ( =ces & t5d5cies = :i* no man 0 responsible seems to h br\ght x ab\t4 ,social communities gr[ 9 grace & good-fell[%ip1 b gov]nm5ts 9 _! relations to "o ano!r1 & (t5 9 relation to _! own subjects1 are /ill b>b>\s4 ,m5 become *ri/ianiz$1 b man is /ill a hea!n1 ! victim ( savage in/9cts4 ,9 ?is /ruggle "o ( ! mo/ admirable & effici5t ( nations1 & "o ( ! mo/ solicit\s = ! lives & well-be+ ( its citiz5s1 is sudd5ly seiz$ ) a fury ( de/ruction1 hurl+ its soldi]s to dea? z if !y 7 only ! wa/e ( ! fields1 & trampl+ d[n o!r peoples ^: geographic position plac$ !m 9 _! way z if !y 7 m]ely v]m91 ?r[+ int]national morality to ! w9ds1 look+ ^u treaties z scraps ( pap]1 reg>d+ !mselves z ! salt ( ! e>?1 ! *os5 ( ! ,"l1 appropriat+ ! ,supreme ,be+ z did ! colossal egotism ( old ,israel1 & quickly gett+ d[n to ! basic pr9ciple ( savage life--t might makes "r4 ,little wond] t ! good p are ask+1 ,h we lo/ fai?8 ,we may or we may n h lo/ fai?1 b c we n see t our fai? does n give u a key to ! problem8 ,our fai? is f\nd$ on ! old presci5tific conception ( a univ]se 9 :i* good & evil are /ruggl+ ) ea* o!r1 ) a ,supreme ,be+ aid+ & abett+ ! good4 ,we fail to appreciate t ! cosmic laws are no respect]s ( p]sons4 ,em]son says !re is no god d>e wrong a worm1 b worms d>e wrong "o ano!r1 & !re is no god d>e take sides ) ei!r4 ,! tides 9 ! affairs ( m5 are z little subject to human control z ! tides ( ! sea & ! air4 ,we may fix ! blame ( ! ,european w> ^u ?is gov]nm5t or ^u t1 b race antagonisms & geographical position are n matt]s ( *oice4 ,an isl& empire1 l ,engl&1 is b\nd to be jeal\s ( all rivals ^u ! sea1 because h] v life1 :5 nations cla%1 dep5ds ^u h] control ( x2 & an inl& empire1 l ,g]many1 is b\nd to gr[ re/less "u ! pressure ( contigu\s /ates ( o!r races4 ,a va/ empire1 l ,russia1 is always 9 dang] ( fall+ ap>t by its own weight4 ,x is fus$ & consolidat$ by a turn ( ev5ts t ar\se ! patriotic emotions ( ! :ole p & unite !m 9 a common en?usiasm4 ,! evolution ( nations is att5d$ by ! same cont+5cies1 ! same law ( probability1 ! same law ( ! survival ( ! fit1 z are organic bodies4 ,i say ! survival ( ! fit2 !re are degrees ( fitness 9 ! scale ( life2 ! fit survive1 & ! fitte/ lead & dom9ate1 z did ! reptiles 9 ,mesozoic "t1 & ! mammals 9 ,t]ti>y "t4 ,among ! mammals man is dom9ant because he is ! fitte/4 ,nations break up or become ext9ct :5 !y are no long] fit1 or equal to ! exig5cies ( ! /ruggles ( life4 ,! ,roman ,empire w\ld /ill exi/ if x _h be5 entirely fit4 ,! causes ( its unfitness =m a long & intricate problem4 ,g]many ( to-day evid5tly looks ^u h]self z ! dom9ant nation1 ! "o fitte/ to survive1 & %e has committ$ h]self to ! desp]ate /ruggle ( ju/ify+ h] self-e/imate4 ,%e tramples d[n weak] nations z we d ! /ubble ( ! fields4 ,%e w\ld pl\gh & h>r[ ! _w to plant h] ,prussian ,kultur4 ,?is ,kultur is a mighty good product1 b we outside ( its pale ?9k t ,fr5* ,kultur1 & ,engli% ,kultur1 & ,am]ican ,kultur are good products also1 & equally fit to survive4 ,we naturally object to be+ pl\gh$ "u4 ,t ,russian ,kultur has s f> prov$ itself a va/ly inf]ior product _c be d\bt$1 b ! evolution>y processes w 9 "t br+ a f9] & high] ,russia out ( ?is va/ welt]+ & f]m5t+ mass ( humanity4 ,9 all ^! ?+s imp]sonal laws & =ces are at "w1 & ! balance ( p[]1 if tempor>ily di/urb$1 is b\nd1 soon] or lat]1 to be re/or$ j z x is 9 ! inorganic realm4 ,evolution is creative1 z ,b]gson cont5ds4 ,! wond] is t1 not)/&+ ! indiff]5ce ( ! elem5tal =ces & ! bl9d cla%+ ( oppos+ t5d5cies among liv+ =ms1--a univ]se t seems run entirely on ! trial-&-error pr9ciple1--evolution has gone /eadily =w>d1 a c]ta9 ord] & /ability has be5 rea*$ 9 ! _w ( in]t bodies & =ces1 & myriads ( =ms ( wond]ful fitness & beauty h be5 rea*$ 9 ! organic realm4 ,j z ! wat]-sy/em & ! wea!r-sy/em ( ! globe h work$ !mselves out on ! hit-&-miss plan1 b n )\t s]i\s defects1--mu* too mu* wat] & heat at a few places1 & mu* too little at a few o!rs1--s ! organic impulse1 w>r$ ^u by ! bl9d inorganic elem5ts & prey$ ^u by ! =ms x gave rise to1 has work$ itself out & peopl$ ! _w z we see x peopl$ to-day--n ) =ms altoge!r admirable & lovely f our po9t ( view1 b s f ! po9t ( view ( ! :ole4 ,! =e/s get !mselves plant$ by ! g-z-y-please w9ds & curr5ts1 ! p9es 9 "o place1 ! spruce1 ! oaks1 ! elms1 ! bee*es1 9 ano!r1 all ) a c]ta9 fitness & sy/em4 ,! wat]s ga!r !mselves toge!r 9 great bodies & brea! salubrity & f]tility ^u ! l&4 ,a c]ta9 ord] & reasonabl5ess em]ges f ! *aos & cross-purposes4 ,!re are h>mony & cop]ation among ! elem5tal =ces1 z well z /rife & antagonism4 ,life gets on1 = all grop+ & blund]+4 ,!re is ! inh]5t v>iability ( liv+ =ms to beg9 )--! primordial pu% t[>d ! developm5t f )9 :i*1 s f> z we c see1 is n =tuit\s1 b pr$e/9$2 & !re is ! /ream ( influ5ces f )\t1 con/antly play+ ^u & modify+ ! organism & tak5 advantage ( by x4 ,! ess5ce ( life is 9 adaptability2 x goes into p>tn]%ip ) ! =ces & conditions t surr\nd x4 ,x is ?is trait :i* leads ! teleological philosoph] to celebrate ! fitness ( ! environm5t :5 its fitness is a =egone conclusion4 ,%all we praise ! fitness ( ! air = brea?+1 or ( ! wat] = dr9k+1 or ( ! w9ds = fill+ our sails8 ,if we _c say explicitly1 )\t speak+ f our an?ropomorphism1 t !re is a guid+ intellig5ce 9 ! evolution ( liv+ =ms1 we c at lea/ say1 ,i ?9k1 t ! /ruggle = life is favor$ by ! v con/itution ( ! univ]se & t man 9 "s inscrutable way 0 pot5tial 9 ! fi]y nebula itself4 ,,xii ,,! ,,naturali/',s ,,view ,,( ,,life ,i ,william ,james said t "o ( ! privileges ( a philosoph] 0 to contradict o!r philosoph]s4 ,i may add 9 ! same _s t "o ( ! fatalities ( _m philosoph]s is1 soon] or lat]1 to contradict !mselves4 ,i d n "k t ,james ev] contradict$ himself1 b ,i h little d\bt t a critical exam9ation ( 8 works w\ld %[ t he sometimes did s2 ,i rememb] t he said he (t5 _h tr\ble to make bo? ends ( 8 philosophy meet4 ,any man :o seeks to compass any ( ! fundam5tal problems ) ! little span ( 8 f9ite m9d1 is b\nd at times to h tr\ble to make bo? ends meet4 ,! man ( sci5ce seldom has any su* tr\ble ) 8 problems2 he usually kn[s :at is ! matt] & =?) seeks to rem$y x4 ,b ! philosoph] works ) a mu* m intangible & elusive mat]ial1 & is lucky if he is ev] aw>e :5 bo? ends fail to meet4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ if ,d>w91 :o 0 a great philosoph] z well z a great man ( sci5ce1 saw or felt ! contradiction betwe5 8 !ory ( ! orig9 ( species ?r\gh natural selection work+ ^u =tuit\s v>iations1 & 8 /atem5t1 made 9 8 old age1 t he c\ld n look ^u man1 ) all 8 wond]ful p[]s1 z ! result ( m]e *ance4 ,! result ( *ance man c]ta9ly is--is he n8--z are all o!r =ms ( life1 if evolution is a m]e me*anical process set go+ & kept go+ by ! hit-&-miss action ( ! environm5t ^u ! organism1 or by ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,if evolution involves no intellig5ce 9 nature1 no guid+ or animat+ pr9ciple1 !n is n man an accid5tal outcome ( ! bl9d cla%+ & jolt+ ( ! mat]ial =ces1 z mu* s z ! great /one face 9 ! rocks :i* ,haw?orne us$ s sugge/ively 9 "o ( 8 /ories8 ,i h wond]$ if ,huxley 0 aw>e t bo? ends ( 8 argum5t did n q meet :5 he cont5d$ = ! tru? ( det]m9ism--t !re is & c be no free or spontane\s volition2 & at ! same "t set man ap>t f ! cosmic ord]1 & repres5t$ him z work+ 8 w ^u x1 cross+ & rev]s+ its processes4 ,9 "o ( 8 e>li] essays1 ,huxley said t to ! /ud5t ( liv+ ?+s1 z contra/$ ) ! /ud5t ( in]t matt]1 ! aspect ( nature is rev]s$4 ,9 liv+ matt]1 incessant1 & s f> z we "k1 spontane\s1 *ange is ! rule1 re/ ! exception1 ! anomaly1 to be acc\nt$ =4 ,liv+ ?+s h no in]tia1 & t5d to no equilibrium1 except ! equilibrium ( dea?4 ,?is is good vitali/ic doctr9e1 z f> z x goes1 yet ,huxley saw no diff]5ce betwe5 ! matt] ( life & o!r matt]1 except 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! atoms are aggregat$4 ,probably ! only diff]5ce betwe5 a diamond & a piece ( *>coal1 or betwe5 a pe>l & an oy/]-%ell1 is ! mann] 9 :i* ! atoms are aggregat$2 b t ! secret ( life is 9 ! peculi> comp\nd+ ( ! atoms or molecules--a spatial arrangem5t ( !m--is a h>d] proposition4 ,x seems to me also t ,haeckel involves himself 9 obvi\s contradictions :5 he ascribes w1 s5sation1 incl9ation1 dislike1 ?\gh ( a l[ ord]1 to ! atoms ( matt]2 9 fact1 sees !m z liv+ be+s ) s\ls1 & !n d5ies s\l1 w1 p[] ( *oice1 & ! l to _! collective unity 9 ! bra9 ( man4 ,a philosoph] _c well af=d to assume ! air ( l(ty indiff]5ce t ! poet ,:itman does :5 he asks1 ,d ,i contradict myself8 ,v well1 !n1 ,i contradict myself2 b he may take com=t 9 ! ?\ght t contradictions are (t5 only app>5t1 & n real1 z :5 two m5 /&+ on opposite sides ( ! e>? seem to oppose ea* o!r1 & yet _! heads po9t to ! same heav5s1 & _! feet to ! same t]re/rial c5tre4 ,! logic ( ! e>? completely contradicts ! ideas we draw f our exp]i5ce ) o!r globes1 bo? our artificial globes & ! globes 9 ! =ms ( ! sun & ! moon t we see 9 ! heav5s4 ,! e>? has only "o side1 ! outside1 :i* is always ! upp] side2 at ! ,s\? ,pole1 z at ! ,nor?1 we are on ! top side4 ,i fancy ! :ole tru? ( any ( ! great problems1 if we c\ld see x1 w\ld reconcile all our half-tru?s1 all ! contradictions 9 our philosophy4 ,9 consid]+ ?is problem ( ! my/]y ( liv+ ?+s1 ,i h _h a good deal ( tr\ble 9 try+ to make my inborn idealism g h& 9 h& ) my inborn naturalism2 b ,i am n c]ta9 t !re is any real break or contradiction betwe5 !m1 only a surface "o1 & t deep] d[n ! /rata /ill unite !m4 ,life seems beyond ! capacity ( inorganic nature to produce2 & yet "h is life 9 its myriad =ms1 "h is ! body & m9d ( man1 & "h is ! _w ( inanimate matt] out ( :i* all liv+ be+s arise1 & into :i* !y soon] or lat] return2 & we mu/ ei!r introduce a new pr9ciple to acc\nt = x all1 or else hold to ! idea t :at is is natural--a legitimate outcome ( ! univ]sal laws & processes t h be5 op]at+ ?r\gh all "t4 ,?is la/ is ! po9t ( view ( ! pres5t *apt]1--! po9t ( view ( naturalism2 n /rictly ! sci5tific view :i* aims to expla9 all life ph5om5a 9 t]ms ( exact exp]im5tal sci5ce1 b ! l>g]1 fre] view ( ! op5-air naturali/ & lit]>y philosoph]4 ,i _c get rid (1 or hold 9 abeyance1 my inevitable idealism1 if ,i w\ld2 nei!r c ,i d viol5ce to my equally inevitable naturalism1 b may ,i n hope to make ! face ( my naturalism beam ) ! light ( ! ideal--! light t nev] 0 9 ! physico-*emical ord]1 & nev] c be !re8 ,,ii ,! naturali/ _c get away f ! natural ord]1 & he sees man1 & all o!r =ms ( life1 z an integral "p ( x--! ord]1 :i* 9 in]t matt] is automatic & fateful1 & :i* 9 liv+ matt] is prophetic & indet]m9ate2 ! c\rse ( "o d[n ! geologic ages1 seek+ only a me*anical repose1 be+ m>k$ by collisions & disruptions2 ! o!r 9 its c\rse d[n ! biologic ages seek+ a vital & un/able repose1 be+ m>k$ by pa91 failure1 c>nage1 ext9ction1 & ceaseless /ruggle ) ! physical ord] ^u :i* x dep5ds4 ,man has tak5 8 *ances 9 ! cla% ( bl9d matt]1 & 9 ! w>f>e ( liv+ =ms4 ,he has be5 ! pet ( no god1 ! favorite ( no p[] on e>? or 9 heav54 ,he is "o ( ! fruits ( ! great cosmic tree1 & is subject to ! same haz>ds & failures z ! fruit ( all o!r trees4 ,! fro/s may nip him 9 ! bud1 ! /orms beat him d[n1 foes ( e>? & air prey ^u him1 & ho/ile influ5ces f all sides imp$e or m> him4 ,! v =ces t uphold him & furni% him 8 armory ( tools & ( p[]1 w de/roy him ! mom5t he is (f 8 gu>d4 ,he is l ! tra9] ( wild bea/s :o1 at 8 p]il1 = "o in/ant relaxes 8 ma/]y ov] !m4 ,gravity1 electricity1 fire1 flood1 hurricane1 w cru% or consume him if 8 h& is un/eady or 8 wits t>dy4 ,nature has dealt ) him ^u ! same t]ms z ) all o!r =ms ( life4 ,%e has %[n him no favor4 ,! same elem5ts--! same wat]1 air1 lime1 iron1 sulphur1 oxyg51 c>bon1 & s on--make up 8 body & 8 bra9 z make up !irs1 & ! same make up !irs z are ! con/itu5ts ( ! ins5sate rocks1 soils1 & cl\ds4 ,! same elem5ts1 ! same atoms & molecules1 b a diff]5t ord]2 ! same sol> en]gy1 b work+ to o!r ends2 ! same life pr9ciple b lift$ to a high] plane4 ,h[ c we sep>ate man f ! total sy/em ( ?+s1 sett+ him ^u "o side & !m ^u ano!r1 mak+ ! relation ( ! two me*anical or accid5tal8 ,x is only 9 ?\ght1 or 9 ob$i5ce to "s cre$ or philosophy1 t we d x4 ,9 life1 9 action1 we unconsci\sly recognize ourselves z a "p ( ,nature4 ,our success & well-be+ dep5d ^u ! clos5ess & spontane\sness ( ! relation4 ,if all ?is is int]pret$ to mean t life1 t ! m9d & s\l ( man1 are ( mat]ial orig91 sci5ce does n %r9k f ! inf]5ce4 ,only ! inf]5ce dem&s a new] & high] conception ( matt]--! conception t ,tyndall express$ :5 he wrote ! ^w ) a capital ,m1 & decl>$ t ,matt] 0 at bottom ess5tially my/ical & transc5d5tal2 t ,goe! express$ :5 he call$ matt] ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god2 & t ,:itman express$ :5 he said t ! s\l & ! body 7 "o4 ,! mat]ialism ( ! great se]s & prophets ( sci5ce :o p5etrate into ! true inw>dness ( matt]1 :o see ?r\gh ! veil ( its gross ob/ructive =ms & behold x translat$ into pure en]gy1 ne$ di/urb no "o4 ,9 our religi\s culture we h begg>$ matt] t we might exalt _s2 we h bankrupt$ e>? t we might enri* heav52 we h debas$ ! body t we might glorify ! s\l4 ,b sci5ce has *ang$ all ?is4 ,mank9d c nev] aga9 re/ 9 ! old crude dualism4 ,! ,devil has _h 8 day1 & ! t]rible ,hebrew ,jehovah has _h 8 day2 ! div9ities ( ?is _w are n[ hav+ _! day4 ,! puzzle or ! contradiction 9 ! naturali/ic view ( life appe>s :5 we try to ?9k ( a be+ z a "p ( ,nature1 hav+ 8 g5esis 9 h] mat]ial =ces1 :o is yet able to ma/] & direct ,nature1 rev]s+ h] processes & defeat+ h] ends1 oppos+ 8 w to h] fatalism1 8 m]cy to h] cruelty--9 %ort1 a be+ :o ?9ks1 dreams1 aspires1 loves tru?1 ju/ice1 goodness1 & sits 9 judgm5t ^u ! v gods he wor%ips4 ,mu/ he n br+ a new =ce1 an ali5 p[]8 ,c a "p be great] ?an ! :ole8 ,c ! psy*ic dom9ate ! physical out ( :i* x came8 ,aga9 we h only to enl>ge our conception ( ! physical--! natural--or make our fai? measure up to ! dem&s ( reason4 ,our reason dem&s t ! natural ord] be all-inclusive4 ,c our fai? 9 ! div9ity ( matt] measure up to ?is /&>d8 ,n till we free ourselves f ! inh]it$ prejudices :i* h gr[n up f our ev]yday /ruggles ) gross matt]4 ,we mu/ foll[ ! guidance ( sci5ce till we p5etrate ?is husk & see its real my/ical & transc5d5tal "*1 z ,tyndall did4 ,:5 we h foll[$ matt] f mass to molecule1 f molecule to atom1 f atom to electron1 & se5 x 9 effect demat]ializ$1--se5 x 9 its f\r? or e!real1 ,i _h almo/ said spiritual1 /ate1--:5 we h grasp$ ! wond] ( radio-activity1 & ! atomic trans=mations t att5d x1 we %all h a conception ( ! pot5cies & possibilities ( matt] t robs sci5tific mat]ialism ( mo/ ( its ugl9ess4 ,( c\rse1 no d$uctions ( sci5ce c satisfy our long+s = some?+ k9dr$ to our own spirits 9 ! univ]se4 ,b nei!r our telescopes nor our microscopes reveal su* a reality4 ,is ?is long+ only ! result ( our inevitable an?ropomorphism1 or is x ! evid5ce ( ?+s unse51 ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! prophecy ( our k9%ip ) ! f>!/ />8 ,c s\l arise out ( a s\lless univ]se8 ,?\gh ! secret ( life is "u our feet1 yet h[ /range & my/]i\s x seems6 ,x draws our att5tion away f matt]4 ,x arises among ! inorganic elem5ts l a visitant f ano!r sph]e4 ,x is a new ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,consci\sness is a new ?+1 yet ,huxley makes x "o ( 8 tr9ity ( realities--matt]1 en]gy1 & consci\sness4 ,we are s imm]s$ 9 ^! realities t we d n see ! div9ity !y embody4 ,we call t sacr$ & div9e :i* is f> (f & unatta9able4 ,life & m9d are s impossible ( explanation 9 t]ms ( matt] & en]gy1 t x is n to be wond]$ at t mank9d has s long look$ ^u _! appe>ance ^u ?is e>? z a miracul\s ev5t4 ,b until sci5ce op5$ our eyes we did n "k t ! cele/ial & ! t]re/rial are "o1 & t we are already 9 ! heav5s among ! />s4 ,:5 we emancipate ourselves f ! bondage ( wont & use1 & see ) cle> vision our relations to ! ,cosmos1 all our ideas ( mat]ialism & spiritualism are made ov]1 & we see h[ ! two are "o2 h[ life & dea? play into ea* o!r's h&s1 & h[ ! :ole tru? ( ?+s _c be compass$ by any numb] ( f9ite m9ds4 ,,iii ,:5 we are bold en\gh to ask ! "q1 ,is life an addition to matt] or an evolution f matt]8 h[ all ^! extra-sci5tific !ories ab\t life z a sep>ate entity wilt & fade away6 ,if we "k any?+ ab\t ! ways ( creative en]gy1 we "k t !y are n z our ways2 we "k its processes be> no analogy to ! l9e> & ext]nal do+s ( man4 ,creative en]gy works f )92 x id5tifies itself )1 & is insep>able f1 ! elem5t 9 :i* x works4 ,i "k t 9 ?is v /atem5t ,i am idealiz+ ! creative en]gy1 b my read] w1 ,i tru/1 excuse ?is inevitable an?ropomorphism4 ,! way ( ! creative en]gy is ! way ( evolution4 ,:5 we beg9 to introduce ?+s1 :5 we beg9 to sep>ate ! two ord]s1 ! vital & ! mat]ial1 or1 z ,b]gson says1 :5 we beg9 to ?9k ( ?+s creat$1 & ( a ?+ t creates1 we are n f> f ! /ate ( m9d ( our *ildhood1 & ( ! *ildhood ( ! race4 ,we are n f> f ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( creation4 ,life appe>s z an introduction1 man & 8 s\l z introductions4 ,our reason1 our k ( ! me?od ( ,nature1 decl>e = evolution2 because "h we are1 "h is ?is amaz+ _w ( life ab\t u1 & "h x goes on ?r\gh ! action & int]action ( purely physical & *emical =ces4 ,life seems z natural z day & night1 z ! dews & ! ra94 ,our /udies ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! globe reveal ! fact t life appe>$ ^u a cool+ planet :5 ! temp]ature 0 suitable1 & :5 its basic elem5ts1 wat] & c>bon dioxide1 7 at h&4 ,h[ x began1 :e!r ?r\gh ins5sible *anges 9 ! activities ( in]t matt]1 la/+ :ole geologic ages1 or by a sudd5 trans=mation at _m po9ts on ! e>?'s surface1 we c nev] "k4 ,b sci5ce c see no reason = believ+ t its beg9n+ 0 o!r ?an natural2 x 0 inevitable f ! con/itution ( matt] itself4 ,moreov]1 s9ce ! law ( evolution seems ( univ]sal application1 & af=ds ! key to m great problems ?an any o!r g5]alization ( ! human m9d1 "o w\ld say on a priori gr\nds t life is an evolution1 t its g5esis is to be s\ght 9 ! inh]5t capacities & pot5tialities ( matt] itself4 ,h[ else c\ld x come8 ,sci5ce _c g outside ( matt] & its laws = an explanation ( any ph5om5a t appe> 9 matt]4 ,x goes inside ( matt] in/ead1 & 9 its my/]i\s molecul> attractions & repulsions1 9 ! :irl & dance ( ! atoms & electrons1 9 _! emanations & trans=mations1 9 _! amaz+ pot5cies & activities1 sees1 or seems to see1 ! secret ( ! orig9 ( life itself4 ,b ?is view is di/a/eful to a l>ge numb] ( ?9k+ p]sons4 ,_m w\ld call x frank mat]ialism1 & decl>e t x is utt]ly inadequate to supply ! spiritual & ideal backgr\nd :i* is ! /r5g? & solace ( our human life4 ,,iv ,! lay m9d c h>dly appreciate ! necessity "u :i* ! man ( sci5ce feels to acc\nt = all ! ph5om5a ( life 9 t]ms ( ! natural ord]4 ,to ! sci5ti/ ! univ]se is complete 9 itself4 ,he c admit ( no break or discont9uity any:]e4 ,?reads ( relation1 visible & invisible1--*emical1 me*anical1 electric1 magnetic1 sol>1 lun>1 /ell>1 geologic1 biologic1--=m+ an intricate web ( subtle =ces & influ5ces1 b9d all ?+s1 liv+ & dead1 into a cosmic unity4 ,creation is "o1 & t "o is symboliz$ by ! sph]e :i* re/s =ev] on itself1 :i* is :ole at e po9t1 :i* holds all =ms1 :i* reconciles all contradictions1 :i* has no beg9n+ & no end+1 :i* has no upp] & no "u1 & all ( ^: l9es are fluid & cont9u\s4 ,! disruptions & antagonisms :i* we fancy we see are only ! result ( our limit$ vision2 nature is n at w> ) itself2 !re is no room or ne$ = miracle2 !re is no outside to ! univ]se1 because !re are no b\nds to matt] or _s2 all is inside2 deep b5ea? deep1 height above height1 & ?is my/]y & miracle t we call life mu/ arise out ( ! natural ord] 9 ! c\rse ( "t z inevitably z ! dew =ms & ! ra9 falls4 ,:5 ! ra9s & ! dews & ! sn[s cease to fall1--a "t :i* sci5ce pr$icts1--!n life1 z we "k x1 mu/ inevitably vani% f ! e>?4 ,human life is a physical ph5om5on1 & ?\gh x involves1 z we believe1 a psy*ic or non-physical pr9ciple1 x is /ill n exempt f ! op]ation ( ! univ]sal physical laws4 ,x came by !m or ?r\gh !m1 & x mu/ g by !m or ?r\gh !m4 ,! rigidly sci5tific m9d1 impress$ ) all ^! ?+s z ! lay m9d _c be1 us$ to ! se>*+ laboratory me?ods1 & famili> ) ! ph5om5on ( life 9 its v roots1 z x 71 deal+ ) ! wond]s ( *emical comp\nds1 & ! =ces t lurk 9 molecules & atoms1 see+ 9 ! cosmic univ]se1 & 9 ! evolution ( ! e>?1 only ! op]ation ( me*anical & *emical pr9ciples2 see+ ! irrefragable law ( ! correlation & ! cons]vation ( =ces2 trac+ consci\sness & all our *anges 9 m5tal /ates to *anges 9 ! bra9 sub/ance2 drill$ 9 me?ods ( pro( by exp]im5tation2 kn[+ t ! same numb] ( ultimate atoms may be s comb9$ or m>ri$ z to produce comp\nds t diff] z radically z alcohol & e!r1--conv]sant ) all ^! ?+s1 & m1 ,i say1--! /rictly sci5tific m9d falls naturally & inevitably into ! me*ani/ic conception ( all life ph5om5a4 ,sci5ce traces ! *a9 ( cause & effect ev]y:]e & f9ds no break4 ,x foll[s d[n animal life till x m]ges 9 ! vegetable1 ?\gh x _c put its f+] or its microscope on ! po9t :]e "o ends & ! o!r beg9s4 ,x f9ds =ms t p>take ( ! *>act]i/ics ( bo?4 ,x is reasonable to expect t ! vegetable m]ges into ! m9]al by ! same ins5sible degrees1 & t ! "o becomes ! o!r )\t any real discont9uity4 ,! *ange1 if we may call x su*1 probably takes place 9 ! int]ior _w ( matt] among ! primordial atoms1 :]e only ! imag9ation c p5etrate4 ,9 t sleep ( ! ultimate corpuscle1 :at dreams may come1 :at miracles may be wr\ght1 :at trans=mations take place6 ,:5 ,i try to ?9k ( life z a mode ( motion 9 matt]1 ,i seem to see ! p>ticles 9 a my/ic dance1 a :irl+ maze ( motions1 ! inf9itely little p tak+ hold ( h&s1 *ang+ p>tn]s1 fac+ ?is way & t1 do+ all sorts ( impossible ?+s1 l jump+ d[n "o ano!r's ?roats1 or occupy+ "o ano!r's bodies1 ?rill$ & vibrat+ at an inconceivable rate4 ,! !ological solution ( ?is problem ( life fails m & m to satisfy ?9k+ m5 ( to-day4 ,liv+ ?+s are natural ph5om5a1 & we feel t !y mu/ 9 "s way be an outcome ( ! natural ord]4 ,sci5ce is m & m famili>iz+ our m9ds ) ! idea t ! univ]se is a univ]se1 a on5ess2 t its laws are cont9u\s4 ,we foll[ ! *emi/ry ( x to ! f>!/ />s & !re is no s]i\s break or exception2 x is all ( "o /uff4 ,we foll[ ! me*anics ( x into ! same abysmal dep?s1 & !re are no breaks or exceptions4 ,! biology ( x we _c foll[ beyond our own little corn] ( ! univ]se2 inde$1 we h no pro( t !re is any biology any:]e else4 ,b if !re is1 x mu/ be simil> to our own4 ,!re is only "o k9d ( electricity 7?\gh two phases ( x71 only "o k9d ( light & heat1 "o k9d ( *emical aff9ity1 9 ! univ]se2 & h5ce only "o k9d ( life4 ,look$ at 9 its relation to ! :ole1 life appe>s l a transi5t ph5om5on ( matt]4 ,i w n say accid5tal2 x seems insep>ably b\nd up ) ! cosmic processes1 b1 ,i may say1 fugitive1 sup]ficial1 circumscrib$4 ,life comes & goes2 x p5etrates b a little way into ! e>?2 x is conf9$ to a c]ta9 range ( temp]ature4 ,beyond a c]ta9 degree ( cold1 on ! "o h&1 x does n appe>2 & beyond a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 on ! o!r1 x is cut (f4 ,)\t wat] or moi/ure1 x ceases2 & )\t air1 x is n4 ,x has evid5tly disappe>$ f ! moon1 & probably f ! inf]ior planets1 & x is d\btful if x has yet appe>$ on any ( ! sup]ior planets1 save ,m>s4 ,life comes to matt] z ! fl[]s come 9 ! spr+1--:5 ! "t is ripe = x1--& x disappe>s :5 ! "t is ov]-ripe4 ,man appe>s 9 due c\rse & has 8 little day ^u ! e>?1 b t day mu/ z surely come to an end4 ,yet c we conceive ( ! end ( ! physical ord]8 ! end ( gravity8 or ( cohesion8 ,! air may disappe>1 ! wat] may disappe>1 combu/ion may cease2 b oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 & c>bon w cont9ue some:]e4 ,v ,sci5ce is ! r$eem] ( ! physical _w4 ,x op5s our eyes to its true inw>dness1 & purges x ( ! co>se & brutal qualities ) :i*1 9 our practical lives1 x is associat$4 ,x has its inn] _w ( activities & possibilities ( :i* our s5ses give u no h9t4 ,?is inn] _w ( molecules & atoms & electrons1 ?rill$ & vibrat+ ) en]gy1 ! inf9itely little1 ! almo/ inf9itely rapid1 9 ! bosom ( ! inf9itely va/ & di/ant & automatic--:at a revelation x all is6 :at a glimpse into ,nature's inf9ite book ( secrecy6 ,our s5ses reveal to u b "o k9d ( motion--mass motion--! *ange ( place ( visible bodies4 ,b !re is ano!r motion 9 all matt] :i* our s5ses d n reveal to u z motion--molecul> vibration1 or ! ?rill ( ! atoms4 ,at ! he>t ( ! mo/ massive rock ?is :irl ( ! atoms or corpuscles is go+ on4 ,if our e>s 7 f9e en\gh to he> x1 probably e rock & granite monum5t w\ld s+1 z did ,memnon1 :5 ! sun %one ^u x4 ,?is molecul> vibration is reveal$ to u z heat1 light1 s\nd1 electricity4 ,heat is only a mode ( ?is invisible motion ( ! p>ticles ( matt]4 ,mass motion is quickly conv]t$ into ?is molecul> motion :5 two bodies /rike ea* o!r4 ,may n life itself be ! outcome ( a peculi> :irl ( ! ultimate atoms ( matt]8 ,says ,pr(essor ,got*1 z quot$ by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?omson 9 8 ,introduction to ,sci5ce3 ,to ! ?\ght ( a sci5tific m9d ! univ]se ) all its suns & worlds is ?r\gh\t "o see?+ welt] ( modes ( motion1 play+ 9 space1 play+ 9 e!r1 play+ 9 all exi/+ matt]1 play+ 9 all liv+ ?+s1 play+1 !re=e1 9 ourselves4 ,physical sci5ce1 z ,pr(essor ,?omson says1 leads u f our /atic way ( look+ at ?+s to ! dynamic way4 ,x tea*es u to reg>d ! atom1 n z a fix$ & motionless /ructure1 l ! bricks 9 a wall1 b z a c5tre ( ev]-mov+ en]gy2 x sees ! :ole univ]se is 9 a /ate ( p]petual flux1 a fl[+ /ream ( creative en]gy out ( :i* life arises z "o ( ! manife/ations ( ?is en]gy4 ,:5 we h le>n$ all t sci5ce c tell u ab\t ! e>?1 is x n m r ?an less wond]ful8 ,:5 we "k all x c tell u ab\t ! heav5s above1 or ab\t ! sea1 or ab\t our own bodies1 or ab\t a fl[]1 or a bird1 or a tree1 or a cl\d1 are !y less beautiful & wond]ful8 ,! my/]ies ( g5]ation1 ( inh]itance1 ( cell life1 are r enhanc$ by sci5ce4 ,,vi ,:5 ! man ( sci5ce seeks to und]/& & expla9 ! _w 9 :i* we live1 he gu>ds himself aga9/ see+ d\ble1 or see+ two worlds in/ead ( "o1 z our unsci5tific fa!rs did--an immat]ial or spiritual _w surr\nd+ & int]p5etrat+ ! physical _w1 or ! sup]natural envelop+ & direct+ ! natural4 ,he sees b "o _w1 & t a _w complete 9 itself2 surr\nd$1 x is true1 by invisible =ces1 & hold+ immeasur$ & immeasurable pot5cies2 a va/ly m complex & wond]ful _w ?an our fa!rs ev] dream$ (2 a fruit1 z x 71 ( ! great sid]eal tree1 b\nd by natal bonds to myriads ( o!r worlds1 ( "o /uff ) !m1 ahead or beh9d !m 9 its rip5+1 b /ill complete 9 itself1 ne$+ no miracle to expla9 x1 no spirits or demons to acc\nt = its processes1 n ev5 its vital processes4 ,9 ! light ( :at he kn[s ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! e>?1 ! man ( sci5ce sees ) 8 m9d's eye ! successive *anges t h tak5 place 9 x2 he sees ! globe a mass ( inc&esc5t matt] roll+ ?r\gh space2 he sees ! cru/ cool+ & h>d5+2 he sees ! wat]s appe>1 ! air & ! soil appe>1 he sees ! cl\ds beg9 to =m & ! ra9 to fall1 he sees liv+ ?+s appe> 9 ! wat]s1 !n ^u ! l&1 & 9 ! air2 he sees ! two =ms ( life arise1 ! vegetable & ! animal1 ! latt] /&+ ^u ! =m]2 he sees m & m complex =ms ( bo? vegetable & animal arise & cov] ! e>?4 ,!y all appe> 9 ! c\rse ( ! geologic ages on ! surface ( ! e>?2 !y arise out ( x2 !y are a "p ( x2 !y come naturally2 no h& rea*es d[n f heav5 & places !m !re2 !y are n an add5dum2 !y are n a sudd5 creation2 !y are an evolution2 !y 7 pot5tial 9 ! e>? be=e !y arose out ( x4 ,! e>? rip5$1 h] cru/ mell[$1 & ?ick5$1 h] airs s(t5$ & cle>$1 h] wat]s 7 purifi$1 & 9 due "t h] f9] fruits 7 evolv$1 &1 la/ ( all1 man arose4 ,x 0 all "o process4 ,!re 0 no miracle1 no fir/ day ( creation2 all 7 days ( creation4 ,brood$ by ! sun1 ! e>? hat*$ h] (fspr+2 ! promise & ! pot5cy ( all t]re/rial life 0 9 ! e>? h]self2 h] womb 0 f]tile f ! fir/4 ,all t we call ! spiritual1 ! div9e1 ! cele/ial1 7 h]s1 because man is h]s4 ,our religions & our philosophies & our lit]atures are h]s2 man is a "p ( ! :ole sy/em ( ?+s2 he is n an ali51 nor an accid5t1 nor an int]lop]2 he is "h z ! ra9s1 ! dews1 ! fl[]s1 ! rocks1 ! soil1 ! trees1 are "h4 ,he appe>$ :5 ! "t 0 ripe1 & he w disappe> :5 ! "t is ov]-ripe4 ,he is ( ! same /uff z ! gr\nd he walks ^u2 !re is no bett] /uff 9 ! heav5s above him1 nor 9 ! dep?s bel[ him1 ?an /icks to 8 own ribs4 ,! cele/ial & ! t]re/rial =ces unite & "w toge!r 9 him1 z 9 all o!r creatures4 ,we _c magnify man )\t magnify+ ! univ]se ( :i* he is a "p2 & we _c belittle x )\t belittl+ him4 ,n[ we c turn all ?is ab\t & look ^u x z mank9d look$ ^u x 9 ! presci5tific ages1 & z s _m p]sons /ill look ^u x1 & ?9k ( x all z ! "w ( ext]nal & high] p[]s4 ,we c ?9k ( ! e>? z ! foot/ool ( "s god1 or ! sport ( "s demon2 we c p ! e>? & ! air ) innum]able spirits1 high & l[2 we c ?9k ( life z some?+ ap>t f matt]4 ,b sci5ce w n1 _c foll[ u2 x _c discr$it ! _w x has disclos$--,i _h almo/ said1 ! _w x has creat$4 ,sci5ce has made u at home 9 ! univ]se4 ,x has visit$ ! f>!/ />s ) its telescope & spectroscope1 & f9ds we are all ak94 ,x has s\nd$ ! dep?s ( matt] ) its analysis1 & x f9ds no?+ ali5 to our own bodies4 ,x sees motion ev]y:]e1 motion )9 motion1 trans=mation1 metamorphosis ev]y:]e1 en]gy ev]y:]e1 curr5ts & c\nt]-curr5ts ev]y:]e1 ceaseless *ange ev]y:]e2 x f9ds no?+ 9 ! heav5s m spiritual1 m my/]i\s1 m cele/ial1 m godlike1 ?an x f9ds ^u ?is e>?4 ,?is does n imply t evolution may n h progress$ f>!r ^u o!r worlds1 & giv5 rise to a high] ord] ( intellig5ces ?an "h2 x only implies t creation is "o1 & t ! same =ces1 ! same elem5ts & possibilities1 exi/ ev]y:]e4 ,,vii ,give free re9 to our an?ropomorphic t5d5cies1 & we fill ! _w ) spirits1 good & bad--bad 9 w>1 fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 disease2 good 9 all ! ev5ts & =tunes t favor u4 ,e>ly man did ?is on all occasions2 he read 8 own hopes & fe>s & passions into all ! op]ations ( nature4 ,our fa!rs did x 9 _m ?+s2 good p ( our own "t d x 9 exceptional in/ances1 & cr$it any good =tune to ,provid5ce4 ,m5 high 9 ! intellectual & philosophical _w1 /ill invoke some?+ anti!tical to matt]1 to acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( life on ! planet4 ,x may be ju/ly urg$ t ! effect ^u our habits ( ?\ght ( ! long ages dur+ :i* ?is process has be5 go+ on1 lead+ u to diff]5tiate matt] & _s & look ^u !m z two opposite entities1 h9d]+ or cont5d+ ) ea* o!r1--"o heav5ly1 ! o!r e>?ly1 "o ev]la/+1 ! o!r p]i%able1 "o ! supreme good1 ! o!r ! seat & p>5t ( all t is evil1--! cumulative effect ( ?is habit ( ?\ght 9 ! race-m9d is1 ,i say1 n easily *ang$ or ov]come4 ,we /ill ?9k1 & probably _m ( u always w ?9k1 ( _s z some?+ ali5 to matt]1 some?+ my/ical1 transc5d5tal1 & n ( ?is _w4 ,we look ^u matt] z gross1 ob/ructive1 & ! enemy ( ! _s4 ,we d n "k h[ we are go+ to get along )\t x1 b we solace ourselves ) ! ?\ght t by & by1 9 "s o!r1 non-mat]ial _w1 we %all get along )\t x1 & exp]i5ce a great expansion ( life by reason ( our emancipation f x4 ,our practical life ^u ?is planet is m or less a /ruggle ) gross matt]2 our s5ses appreh5d x co>sely2 ( its true inw>dness !y tell u no?+2 ( ! p]petual *ange & trans=mation ( en]gy go+ on 9 bodies ab\t u !y tell u no?+2 ( ! wond]s & pot5cies ( matt] z reveal$ 9 radio-activity1 9 ! ,x-ray1 9 *emical aff9ity & pol>ity1 !y tell u no?+2 ( ! all-p]vasive e!r1 )\t :i* we c\ld n see or live at all1 !y tell u no?+4 ,9 fact we live & move & h our be+ 9 a complex ( =ces & t5d5cies ( :i*1 ev5 by ! aid ( sci5ce1 we b see z ?r\gh a glass d>kly4 ,( ! efflu5ce ( ?+s1 ! emanations f ! m9ds & bodies ( our fri5ds1 & f o!r liv+ =ms ab\t u1 f ! heav5s above & f ! e>? bel[1 our daily lives tell u no?+1 any m ?an our eyes tell u ( ! invisible rays 9 ! sun's spectrum1 or ?an our e>s tell u ( ! murmurs ( ! life-curr5ts 9 gr[+ ?+s4 ,sci5ce alone unveils ! hidd5 wond]s & sleepless activities ( ! _w =ces t play ?r\gh u & ab\t u4 ,x alone br+s ! heav5s ne>1 & reveals ! bro!rhood or si/]hood ( worlds4 ,x alone makes man at home 9 ! univ]se1 & %[s u h[ _m fri5dly p[]s wait ^u him day & night4 ,x alone %[s him ! glories & ! wond]s ( ! voyage we are mak+ ^u ?is %ip 9 ! /ell> inf9itude1 & t1 :atev] ! port1 we %all /ill be on famili> gr\nd--we _c get away f home4 ,!re is always an activity 9 in]t matt] t we little suspect4 ,see ! processes go+ on 9 ! /ratifi$ rocks t sugge/ or p>ody ^? ( life4 ,see ! p>ticles ( silica t are diffus$ ?r\gh ! lime/one1 hunt+ out ea* o!r & com+ toge!r 9 concretions & =m+ fl9t or *]t nodules2 or see !m 9 ! process ( petrifaction sl[ly build+ up a tree ( *alc$ony or onyx 9 place ( a tree ( wood1 repeat+ e cell1 e knot1 e worm-hole--dead matt] copy+ exactly a =m ( liv+ matt]2 or see ! ph5om5on ( cry/allization ev]y:]e2 see ! solution ( salt mimick+1 z ,tyndall says1 ! ar*itecture ( ,egypt1 build+ up m9iature pyramids1 t]race ^u t]race1 f base to apex1 =m+ a s]ies ( /eps l ^? up :i* ! travel] 9 ,egypt is dragg$ by 8 guides6 ,we c fancy1 if we l1 ^! inf9itesimal /ructures built by an invisible population :i* sw>ms among ! con/itu5t molecules1 controll$ & co]c$ by "s invisible matt]1 says ,tyndall4 ,?is might be call$ lit]ature1 or poetry1 or religion1 b x w\ld n be sci5ce2 sci5ce says t ^! salt pyramids are ! result ( ! play ( attraction & repulsion among ! salt molecules !mselves2 t !y are self-pois$ & self-qu>ri$2 x goes fur!r ?an t & says t ! quality we call saltness is ! result ( a c]ta9 def9ite arrangem5t ( _! ultimate atoms ( matt]2 t ! qualities ( ?+s z !y affect our s5ses--h>dness1 s(tness1 sweetness1 bitt]ness--are ! result ( molecul> motion & comb9ation among ! ultimate atoms4 ,all ^! ?+s seem on ! ?re%old ( life1 wait+ 9 ! ante*amb]1 z x 72 to-morr[ !y w be life1 or1 z ,tyndall says1 ,incipi5t life1 z x 71 manife/s itself ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( :at is call$ inorganic nature4 ,,viii ,! "q ( ! nature & orig9 ( life is a k9d ( p]petual motion "q 9 biology4 ,life )\t antec$5t life1 s f> z human exp]i5ce goes1 is an impossibility1 & motion )\t previ\s motion1 is equally impossible4 ,yet1 :ile sci5ce %[s u t ?is la/ is true among pond]able bodies :]e friction occurs1 x is n true among ! f9] p>ticles ( matt]1 :]e friction does n exi/4 ,"h p]petual or spontane\s motion is ! rule4 ,! motions ( ! molecules ( gases & liquids1 & _! vibrations 9 solids1 are beyond ! rea* ( our unaid$ s5ses1 yet !y are unceas+4 ,by analogy we may inf] t :ile liv+ bodies1 z we "k !m1 d n & _c orig9ate spontane\sly1 yet ! movem5t t we call life may & probably does take place spontane\sly 9 ! ultimate p>ticles ( matt]4 ,b c atomic en]gy be translat$ into ! motion ( pond]able bodies1 or mass en]gy8 ,9 l mann] c1 or does1 ?is pot5tial life ( ! _w ( atoms & electrons give rise to organiz$ liv+ be+s8 ,?is di/ru/ ( ! physical =ces1 or our disbelief 9 _! ability to give rise to life1 is l a survival 9 u ( ! ,calv9i/ic cre$ ( our fa!rs4 ,! _w ( in]t matt] is dead 9 trespasses & s9 & mu/ be born aga9 be=e x c ent] ! k+dom ( ! organic4 ,we mu/ supplem5t ! natural =ces ) ! spiritual1 or ! sup]natural1 to get life4 ,! common or c>nal nature1 l ! natural man1 mu/ be conv]t$1 brea!d ^u by ! non-natural or div9e1 be=e x c rise to ! plane ( life--! doctr9e ( ,paul c>ri$ into ! processes ( nature4 ,! sci5tific m9d sees 9 nature an inf9itely complex me*anism direct$ to no special human ends1 b work+ t[>ds univ]sal ends4 ,x sees 9 ! human body an inf9ite numb] ( cell units build+ up tissues & organs1--muscles1 n]ves1 bones1 c>tilage1--a liv+ ma*9e ( inf9ite complexity2 b :at %apes & cord9ates ! p>ts1 h[ ! cells arose1 h[ consci\sness arose1 h[ ! m9d is relat$ to ! body1 h[ or :y ! body acts z a unit--on ^! que/ions sci5ce c ?r[ no light4 ,) all its ma/]y ( ! laws ( h]$ity1 ( cytology1 & ( embryology1 x _c tell :y a man is a man1 & a dog is a dog4 ,no cell-analysis w give ! secret2 no *emical conjur+ ) ! elem5ts w reveal :y 9 ! "o case !y build up a head ( cabbage1 & 9 ! o!r a head ( ,plato4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! sci5tific conception ( ! univ]se robs u ( some?+--x is h>d to say j :at--t we d n will+ly "p )2 yet :o c dive/ himself ( ?is conception8 ,& ! sci5tific conception ( ! nature ( life1 h>d & unfamili> z x may seem 9 its m]e t]ms1 is difficult to get away f4 ,life mu/ arise ?r\gh ! play & trans=mations ( matt] & en]gy t are tak+ place all ar\nd u2 ?\gh x seems a long & impossible road f m]e *emi/ry to ! body & s\l ( man4 ,b if life1 ) all t has come out ( x1 did n come by way ( matt] & en]gy1 by :at way did x come8 ,mu/ we h rec\rse to ! s-call$ sup]natural8--z ,em]son's l9e puts x1-- ,:5 half-gods g1 ! gods arrive4 ,:5 our traditional conception ( matt] z ess5tially vulg> & ob/ructive & ! enemy ( ! _s gives place to ! new sci5tific conception ( x z at bottom electrical & all-pot5t1 we may f9d ! poet's great l9e come true1 & t = a ?+ to be natural1 is to be div9e4 ,= my own "p1 ,i d n see h[ we c get intellig5ce out ( matt] unless we po/ulate intellig5ce 9 matt]4 ,any sy/em ( philosophy t sees 9 ! organic _w only a =tuit\s conc\rse ( *emical atoms1 repels me1 ?\gh ! contradiction "h impli$ is n easily cle>$ up4 ,! !ory ( life z a *emical reaction & no?+ m does n int]e/ me1 b ,i am attract$ by t conception ( life :i*1 :ile b9d+ x to ! mat]ial ord]1 sees 9 ! organic m ?an ! physics & *emi/ry ( ! inorganic--call x :atev] "n y w--vitalism1 idealism1 or dualism4 ,9 our religi\s moods1 we may speak1 z ,!odore ,p>k] did1 ( ! univ]se z a h&ful ( du/ :i* ,god en*ants1 or we may speak ( x1 z ,goe! did1 z ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god2 b z m5 ( sci5ce we c see x only z a va/ complex ( =ces1 out ( :i* man has aris51 & ( :i* he =ms a "p4 ,we are n to =get t we are a "p ( x1 & t ! m we magnify ourselves1 ! m we magnify x2 t its glory is our glory1 & our glory its glory1 because we are its *ildr54 ,9 "s way utt]ly beyond ! rea* ( sci5ce to expla91 or ( philosophy to confirm1 we h come out ( x1 & all we are or c be1 is1 or has be51 pot5tial 9 x4 ,,ix ,! evolution ( life is1 ( c\rse1 b\nd up ) ! evolution ( ! _w4 ,z ! globe has rip5$ & matur$1 life has matur$2 high] & high] =ms--=ms ) l>g] & l>g] bra9s & m & m complex n]ve me*anisms--h appe>$4 ,physici/s tea* u t ! evolution ( ! prim>y elem5ts--hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 c>bon1 calcium1 & ! l--takes place 9 a sol> body z ! body cools4 ,z temp]ature decreases1 "o aft] ano!r ( ! *emical elem5ts makes its appe>ance1 ! simpl] elem5ts appe>+ fir/1 & ! m complex comp\nds appe>+ la/1 all app>5tly hav+ _! orig9 9 "s simple p>5t elem5t4 ,x appe>s z if ! evolution ( life ^u ! globe _h foll[$ ! same law & _h wait$ ^u ! secul> cool+ ( ! e>?4 ,does n a man imply a cool] planet & a great] dep? & ref9em5t ( soil ?an a d9osaur8 ,only aft] a c]ta9 h\seclean+ & purification ( ! elem5ts d high] =ms appe>2 ! va/ accumulation ( ,silurian lime/one mu/ h ha/5$ ! age ( fi%es4 ,! age ( reptiles wait$ = ! cle>+ ( ! air ( ! burd5 ( c>bon dioxide4 ,! age ( mammals await$ ! deep5+ & ! enri*m5t ( ! soil & ! /ability ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,:o kn[s ^u :at physical conditions ( ! e>?'s elem5ts ! bra9 ( man 0 dep5d5t8 ,its highe/ developm5t has c]ta9ly tak5 place 9 a temp]ate climate4 ,!re c be little d\bt t beyond a c]ta9 po9t ! runn+-d[n ( ! e>?-temp]ature w result 9 a runn+-d[n ( life till x f9ally goes out4 ,life is conf9$ to a v n>r[ range ( temp]ature4 ,if we 7 to translate degrees into miles & repres5t ! temp]ature ( ! hotte/ />s1 :i* is put at #cj1jjj degrees1 by a l9e #cj1jjj miles long1 !n ! "p ( ! l9e m>k+ ! limits ( life w\ld be approximately ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,life does n appe> 9 a h>d1 immobile1 utt]ly in]t _w1 b 9 a _w ?rill+ ) en]gy & activity1 a _w ( ceaseless trans=mations ( en]gy1 ( radio-activity1 ( electro-magnetic curr5ts1 ( p]petual motion 9 its ultimate p>ticles1 a _w ^: heav5s are at times hung ) ra9b[s1 curta9$ ) tremul\s %ift+ auroras1 & ve9$ & illum9$ ) =k$ lightn+s1 a _w ( roll+ riv]s & heav+ seas1 activity1 physical & *emical1 ev]y:]e4 ,on su* a _w life appe>$1 br++ no new elem5t or =ce1 b sett+ up a new activity 9 matt]1 an activity t t5ds to *eck & control ! natural t5d5cy to ! dissipation & degradation ( en]gy4 ,! "q is1 ,did x arise ?r\gh "s trans=mation ( ! exi/+ en]gy1 or out ( ! prexi/+ conditions1 or 0 x supplem5t>y to !m1 an addition f "s unkn[n s\rce8 ,0 x a miracul\s or a natural ev5t8 ,we %all answ] accord+ to our temp]am5ts4 ,"o sees ) 8 m9d's eye ?is /ream ( en]gy1 :i* we "n ! mat]ial univ]se1 fl[+ d[n ! endless cycles ( "t2 at a c]ta9 po9t 9 its c\rse1 a *ange comes ov] its surface2 :at we call life appe>s1 & assumes _m =ms2 at a po9t f>!r along 9 its c\rse1 life disappe>s1 & ! et]nal riv] fl[s on reg>dless1 till1 at "s o!r po9t1 ! same *anges take place aga94 ,life is insep>able f ?is riv] ( en]gy1 b x is n coext5sive ) x1 ei!r 9 "t or 9 space4 ,9 midsumm] :at riv]-m5 call ! blossom+ ( ! wat] takes place 9 ! ,hudson ,riv]2 ! wat] is full ( m9ute vegetable organisms2 !y are seasonal & tempor>y2 !y are born ( ! midsumm] heats4 ,by & by ! wat] is cle> aga94 ,life 9 ! univ]se seems z seasonal & fugitive z ?is blossom+ ( ! wat]4 ,m & m does sci5ce hold u to ! view ( ! unity ( nature--t ! univ]se ( life & matt] & =ce is all natural or all sup]natural1 x matt]s little :i* y call x1 b x is n bo?4 ,"o ne$ n g away f 8 own door/ep to f9d my/]ies en\gh to la/ him a lifetime1 b he w f9d !m 9 8 own body1 9 ! gr\nd ^u :i* he /&s1 n less ?an 9 8 m9d1 & 9 ! invisible =ces t play ar\nd him4 ,we may m>vel h[ ! delicate color & p]fume ( ! fl[] c\ld come by way ( ! root & /alk ( ! plant1 or h[ ! crude mussel c\ld give bir? to ! ra9b[-t9t$ pe>l1 or h[ ! preci\s metals & /ones arise f ! flux ( ! bas] elem5ts1 or h[ ! ugly worm wakes up & f9ds itself a w+$ creature ( ! air2 yet we d n invoke ! sup]natural to acc\nt = ^! ?+s4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 ! human scale ( values ! spirituality ( man f> transc5ds any?+ 9 ! animal or physical _w1 b t ev5 t came by ! road ( evolution1 is1 inde$1 ! fl[]+ ( rud] & crud] p[]s & attributes ( ! life bel[ u1 ,i _c = a mom5t d\bt4 ,call x a transmutation or a metamorphosis1 if y w2 x is /ill )9 ! doma9 ( ! natural4 ,! spiritual always has its root & g5esis 9 ! physical4 ,we d n degrade ! spiritual 9 su* a conception2 we op5 our eyes to ! spirituality ( ! physical4 ,& ?is is :at sci5ce has always be5 do+ & is do+ m & m--mak+ u famili> ) m>vel\s & transc5d5t p[]s t h$ge u ab\t & ent] into e act ( our lives4 ,! m we "k matt]1 ! m we "k m9d2 ! m we "k nature1 ! m we "k ,god2 ! m famili> we are ) ! e>? =ces1 ! m intimate w be our acqua9tance ) ! cele/ial =ces4 ,x ,:5 we speak ( ! gulf t sep>ates ! liv+ f ! non-liv+1 are we n ?9k+ ( ! high] =ms ( life only8 ,are we n ?9k+ ( ! f> cry x is f man to inorganic nature8 ,:5 we get d[n to ! l[e/ organism1 is ! gulf s impressive8 ,"u ! scrut9y ( biologic sci5ce ! gulf t sep>ates ! animal f ! vegetable all b vani%es1 & ! two seem to run toge!r4 ,! *asm betwe5 ! l[e/ vegetable =ms & unorganiz$ matt] is evid5tly a slight affair4 ,! /ate ( unorganiz$ protoplasm :i* ,haeckel nam$ ! ,mon]a1 t prec$es ! developm5t ( t ar*itect ( life1 ! cell1 c h>dly be m ?an "o remove f in]t matt]4 ,by ins5sible molecul> *anges & trans=mations ( en]gy1 ! miracle ( liv+ matt] takes place4 ,we c conceive ( life aris+ only ?r\gh ^! m9ute av5ues1 or 9 ! invisible1 molecul> con/itution ( matt] itself4 ,:at "p ! atoms & electrons1 & ! en]gy !y be>1 play 9 x we %all nev] "k4 ,ev5 if we ev] succe$ 9 br++ ! elem5ts toge!r 9 our laboratories s t !re liv+ matt] appe>s1 %all we !n "k ! secret ( life8 ,aft] we h got ! sp>k ( life k9dl$1 h[ are we go+ to get all ! myriad =ms ( life t sw>m ^u ! e>?8 ,h[ are we go+ to get man ) physics & *emi/ry alone8 ,h[ are we go+ to get ?is trem5d\s drama ( evolution out ( m]e protoplasm f ! bottom ( ! old geologic seas8 ,( c\rse1 only by mak+ protoplasm creative1 only by conceiv+ z pot5tial 9 x all t we behold com+ out ( x4 ,we imag9e x equal to ! task we set be=e x2 ! task is accompli%$2 !re=e protoplasm 0 all-suffici5t4 ,i am n po/ulat+ any extra-mundane p[] or influ5ce2 ,i am only /at+ ! difficulties :i* ! ideali/ exp]i5ces :5 he tries to see life 9 its nature & orig9 z ! sci5tific m9d sees x4 ,animal life & vegetable life h a common physical basis 9 protoplasm1 & all _! diff]5t =ms are m]e aggregations ( cells :i* are con/itut$ alike & behave alike 9 ea*1 & yet 9 ! "o case !y give rise to trees1 & 9 ! o!r !y give rise to man4 ,sci5ce is p[]less to p5etrate ?is my/]y1 & philosophy c only give its own ela/ic int]pretation4 ,:y consci\sness %\ld be born ( cell /ructure 9 "o =m ( life & n 9 ano!r1 :o %all tell u8 ,:y matt] 9 ! bra9 %\ld ?9k1 & 9 ! cabbage only gr[1 is a "q4 ,! naturali/ has n ! slighte/ d\bt t ! m9d ( man 0 evolv$ f "s ord] ( animals bel[ him t _h less m9d1 & t ! m9d ( ?is ord] 0 evolv$ f t ( a /ill l[] ord]1 & s on d[n ! scale till we rea* a po9t :]e ! animal & vegetable meet & bl5d1 & ! vegetable m9d1 if we may call x su*1 pass$ into ! animal1 & /ill d[nw>d till ! vegetable is evolv$ f ! m9]al4 ,if to believe ?is is to be a moni/1 !n sci5ce is moni/ic2 x accepts ! trans=mation or metamorphosis ( ! l[] into ! high] f ! bottom ( creation to ! top1 & )\t any break ( ! causal sequ5ce4 ,!re has be5 no miracle1 except 9 ! s5se t all life is a miracle4 ,( h[ ! organic rose out ( ! inorganic1 we c =m no m5tal image2 ! intellect _c bridge ! *asm2 b t su* is ! fact1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,!re is no solution except t life is lat5t or pot5tial 9 matt]1 b ^! aga9 are only words t cov] a my/]y4 ,i d n see :y !re may n be "s =ce lat5t 9 matt] t we may call ! vital =ce1 physical =ce trans=m$ & height5$1 z ju/ifiably z we c po/ulate a *emical =ce lat5t 9 matt]4 ,! *emical =ce und]lies & is ! basis ( ! vital =ce4 ,!re is no life )\t *emism1 b !re is *emism )\t life4 ,we h to h a "n = ! action & reaction ( ! prim>y elem5ts ^u "o ano!r & we call x *emical aff9ity2 we h to h a "n = _! behavior 9 build+ up organic bodies1 & we call x vitality or vitalism4 ,! rigidly sci5tific man sees no ne$ ( ! conception ( a new =m or k9d ( =ce2 ! physico-*emical =ces z we see !m 9 action all ab\t u are adequate to d ! "w1 s t x seems l a dispute ab\t names4 ,b my m9d has to =m a new conception ( ^! =ces to bridge ! *asm betwe5 ! organic & ! inorganic2 n a quantitative b a qualitative *ange is dem&$1 l ! *ange 9 ! animal m9d to make x ! human m9d1 an unfold+ into a high] plane4 ,:e!r ! evolution ( ! human m9d f ! animal 0 by ins5sible gradations1 or by a few sudd5 leaps1 :o kn[s8 ,! animal bra9 began to increase 9 size 9 ,t]ti>y times1 & seems to h done s sudd5ly1 b ! geologic ages 7 s long t a *ange 9 "o hundr$ ?\s& ye>s w\ld seem sudd54 ,! bra9s ( "s species increase "o hundr$ p] c5t4 ,! mammal bra9 greatly out/ripp$ ! reptile bra94 ,0 ,nature gett+ ready = man8 ,! air beg9s at once to act *emically ^u ! blood 9 ! lungs ( ! newly born1 & ! ga/ric juices to act *emically ^u ! food z soon z !re is any 9 ! /oma* ( ! newly born1 & brea?+ & swall[+ are bo? me*anical acts2 b :at is x t brea!s & swall[s1 & pr(its by x8 a ma*9e8 ,maybe ! developm5t ( life1 & its upw>d t5d5cy t[>d high] & high] =ms1 is 9 "s way ! result ( ! rip5+ ( ! e>?1 its long /eep+ 9 ! sea ( sid]eal influ5ces4 ,! e>? is n alone1 x is n l a s+le apple on a tree2 !re are _m apples on ! tree1 & !re are _m trees 9 ! or*>d4 ,,! ,,end ,,index ,adaptation1 #ahd1 #bae1 #baf4 ,alpha rays1 #fj1 #aii4 ,aquosity1 #abg1 #abh1 #ada-adc4 ,ari/otle1 #bdj4 ,asphalt lake1 #abc4 ,atoms1 diff]5t gr\p+s (1 #ef-fj2 weigh$ & c\nt$1 #fj1 #fa2 indivisibility1 #fa2 ! hydrog5 atom1 #fe2 *emical aff9ity1 #aic-aie2 photography (1 #aii1 #bjj2 =m1 #bjc2 atomic en]gy1 #bjd2 qualities & prop]ties ( bodies 9 _! keep+1 #bjd2 un*ang+ "*1 #bje1 #bjf2 r>ity ( free atoms1 #bji2 my/]y ( comb9ation1 #baj4 ,autolysis1 #afi4 ,balf\r1 ,ar?ur ,james1 on ,b]gson's ,evolution ,cratrice1 #ae4 ,bees1 ! _s ( ! hive1 #hb4 ,b5ton1 ,joel1 quot$1 #gj4 ,b]gson1 ,h5ri1 #abi1 #agc1 #bfc2 on light & ! eye1 #e2 8 view ( life1 #ad-af1 #bg-bi1 #bba1 #bcg1 #bch2 on ! ne$ ( philosophy1 #he1 #hf2 on life on o!r planets1 #hg2 8 me?od1 #aji1 #aaj2 ! key to 8 ,creative ,evolution1 #acb2 on life z a psy*ic pr9ciple1 #afb2 8 book z lit]ature1 #bch4 ,beta rays1 #fa1 #aii1 #bja4 ,biog5esis1 #be4 ,see also ,life4 ,biophores1 #bag4 ,body1 !1 elem5ts (1 #ch1 #ci2 ! *emi/ 91 #aeb1 #aec2 intellig5ce (1 #aec1 #aed2 a community ( cells1 #aeg1 #aeh2 view$ z a ma*9e1 #bab-bad1 #bbd4 ,bra91 evolution (1 #bhh4 ,brea?+1 me*anics & *emi/ry (1 #ej-ed1 #bac4 ,brooks1 ,william ,kei?1 quot$1 #abh1 #bcf4 ,br[n1 ,rob]t1 #aia2 ! ,brunonian movem5t1 #afg1 #agb1 #aia4 ,brunonian movem5t1 #afg1 #agb1 #aia4 ,butl]1 ,bi%op1 imag9>y debate ) ,lucretius1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,c>bon1 #ch1 #ef1 #ei2 importance1 #bjh4 ,c>bonic-acid gas1 #eb1 #ec4 ,c>rel1 ,dr4 ,alexis1 #ih1 #adh4 ,catalys]s1 #ace1 #acf4 ,cell1 !1 #hc-he1 #ij1 #if1 #ig1 #ahj2 ,wilson on1 #ie2 liv+ aft] ! dea? ( ! body1 #ih2 ,pr(4 ,b5jam9 ,moore on1 #ajg2 nature (1 #aac2 aimless multiplication1 #adh1 #bcc2 ! unit ( life1 #aef2 communi/ic activity1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #ahd2 a _w 9 little1 #agj2 my/]y (1 #age2 diff]5t degrees ( irritability1 #baf1 #bag4 ,*anges 9 matt]1 #aca1 #acc4 ,*emi/1 9 ! body1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,*emi/ry1 ! sil5t _w (1 #di-ed2 wond]s work$ by v>y+ arrangem5t ( atoms1 #ef-fj2 leads up to life1 #ahh2 a new _w = ! imag9ation1 #ahi-aib2 *emical aff9ity1 #aic-aie2 v>i\s comb9ations ( elem5ts1 #bje-bjh2 organic comp\nds1 #bji2 my/]y ( *emical comb9ations1 #baj2 *emical *anges1 #baj1 #baa2 p[]less to trace relation%ips betwe5 diff]5t =ms ( life1 #bca1 #bcb2 _c acc\nt = diff]5ces 9 organisms1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,*lorophyll1 #gg1 #aac1 #afh1 #afi1 #agg1 #bce4 ,colloids1 #gf1 #ajh1 #ace1 #acf4 ,conn1 ,h4 ,w41 on me*anism1 #ia-id4 ,consci\sness1 ,huxley on1 #ie1 #aha1 #bfb4 ,corpuscles1 spe$ 9 ! e!r1 #fe4 ,creative en]gy1 imman5t 9 matt]1 #i1 #ba2 its me?ods1 #bfc4 ,cry/allization1 #bgf1 #bgg4 ,czapek1 ,fr$]ick1 on vital =ces1 #acc1 #aeb2 on life1 #afd1 #aff1 #afi2 on enzymes 9 liv+ bodies1 #afg4 ,d>w91 ,*>les1 quot$1 #i2 on =ce ( gr[+ radicles1 #ai2 a contradiction 9 8 philosophy1 #bed1 #bee4 ,electricity1 9 ! con/itution ( matt]1 #df-di2 a /ate ( ! e!r1 #fc2 p[] f1 #fg1 #fh2 ! mo/ my/]i\s ?+ 9 inorganic nature1 #bbc4 ,electrons1 knots 9 ! e!r1 #fc2 size & weight1 #aif2 spe$1 #aig2 matt] demat]ializ$1 #aig2 bomb>dm5t f1 #bja1 #bjb2 revolv+ 9 ! atom1 #bjc2 surface1 #bjc2 comp>$ ) atoms1 #bjc2 prop]ties ( matt] suppli$ by1 #bjd4 ,elem5ts1 ( liv+ bodies1 #ch1 #ci1 #gg1 #gh2 analogy ) ! alphabet1 #eg-ei1 #bjf2 und]go+ spontane\s *ange1 #fg2 v>i\s comb9ations1 #bje-bjh2 eag]ness to comb9e1 #bji4 ,see also ,atoms4 ,eliot1 ,george1 on ! developm5t !ory1 #ajc4 ,elliot1 ,hugh ,s4 ,r41 on me*anism1 #af4 ,em]son1 ,ralph ,waldo1 #bej2 on physics & *emi/ry1 #ahh2 quot$1 #bhj4 ,en]gy1 relation ( life to1 #agg-ahc2 atomic1 #bjd4 ,see also ,creative en]gy & ,=ce4 ,en]gy1 biotic1 #ajf-aaa1 #ade1 #adf4 ,engl&1 #bej4 ,entities1 #ii1 #ajj4 ,environm5t1 #hf-hh4 ,enzymes1 #afg4 ,e!r1 !1 omnipres5t & all-p[]ful1 #fa1 #fb2 its nature1 #fb1 #fc2 its f9ite "*1 #fe1 #ff2 p>adoxes (1 #ff4 ,e?ics1 & ! me*ani/ic conception1 #ab4 ,evolution1 creative impulse 91 #f1 #aaa2 progression 91 #ac1 #ad2 & ! arrival ( ! fit1 #bdd-bec2 creative1 #bea-bec2 evolution ( life b\nd up ) ! evolution ( ! _w1 #bha-bhc2 creative protoplasm 91 #bhf2 a cosmic view (1 #bhi4 ,explosives1 #dc4 ,fire1 *emi/ry (1 #ed4 ,fiske1 ,john1 on ! s\l & immortality1 #d2 on ! physical & ! psy*ical1 #ge1 #ahc4 ,fitte/1 arrival & survival ( !1 #bdd-bec4 ,=ce1 physical & m5tal1 #c-e2 & life1 #ag-bc2 dissymmetric =ce1 #bb2 ! orig9 ( matt]1 #dc1 #dd4 ,see also ,en]gy4 ,galls1 #adg1 #aed-aef4 ,ganong1 ,william ,francis1 on life1 #aha4 ,g]many1 9 ! ,w> ( #aiad1 #bdi-bea4 ,glas]1 ,otto ,c41 quot$1 #ih4 ,goe!1 quot$1 #aaa1 #bba1 #bfj1 #bhj2 z a sci5tific man1 #bba4 ,got*1 ,pr(41 quot$1 #bgj4 ,graft+1 #dj1 #da4 ,gr& ,caon ( ! ,colorado1 #bbe1 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,grape sug>1 #bjh4 ,gr[?1 ( a g]m1 #bag1 #bah4 ,haeckel1 ,ern/1 #c1 #bhe2 on physical activity 9 ! atom1 #be1 #bf2 8 liv+ inorganics1 #ia2 on ! orig9 ( life1 #afa2 on inh]itance & adaptation1 #ahd2 8 pla/idules1 #bag2 a contradiction 9 8 philosophy1 #bef4 ,h>tog1 ,m>cus1 #abi4 ,heat1 *anges wr\ght by1 #ee1 #ef2 detection (1 at a di/ance1 #fj4 ,helmholtz1 ,h]mann von1 on life1 #be1 #afa4 ,h5d]son1 ,lawr5ce ,j41 8 ,fitness ( ! ,environm5t1 #gc2 8 concession to ! vitali/s1 #hc1 #he2 on ! environm5t1 #hf-hh2 a ?or\gh me*ani/1 #hh1 #hi4 ,horse-p[]1 #agg1 #agh4 ,hudson ,riv]1 blossom+ ( ! wat]1 #bhc4 ,huxley1 ,?omas ,h5ry1 on ! prop]ties ( protoplasm1 #ca1 #abf1 #abg2 on consci\sness1 #ie1 #aha1 #bfb2 on ! vital pr9ciple1 #aja1 #abf1 #abg1 #adj2 8 ?ree realities1 #adj2 a contradiction 9 8 philosophy1 #bee1 #bef4 ,hydrog51 ! atom (1 #fe4 ,ideali/1 view ( life1 #bah-bbb4 ,inorganic _w1 beauty 9 decay 91 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,intellig5ce1 *>act]i/ic ( liv+ matt]1 #acd1 #aci1 #aea-aed2 p]vad+ organic nature1 #bbc4 ,irritability1 degrees (1 #baf1 #bag4 ,james1 ,william1 #bed4 ,kant1 ,immanuel1 quot$1 #bba4 ,kelv91 ,"l1 #hc4 ,k+1 ,/>r1 #bdd4 ,lanke/]1 ,sir ,edw9 ,ray1 quot$1 #abh1 #ada2 8 plasmog51 #ade1 #adf4 ,le ,dantec1 ,flix ,alex&re1 8 ,nature & ,orig9 ( ,life1 #gc1 #gi1 #hj2 on consci\sness1 #hj2 on ! artificial production ( ! cell1 #hc2 on ! me*anism ( ! body1 #bbd4 ,l$uc1 ,/ephane1 8 osmotic gr[?s1 #afg1 #afh4 ,liebig1 ,b>on ,ju/us von1 quot$1 #hc4 ,life1 may be a mode ( motion1 #e2 evolution (1 #f2 its action on matt]1 #h1 #i2 its physico-*emical orig91 #i2 its appe>ance view$ z accid5tal1 #aj-ad2 ,b]gson's view1 #ad-ag1 #bg-bi2 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge's view1 #ag1 #ah2 & en]gy1 #ag-bc2 !ories z to its orig91 #bd-bg2 ,tyndall's view1 #bh-cj2 ,v]worn's view1 #cj1 #ca2 ! vitali/ic view1 #cb-ch2 matt] z affect$ by1 #ci2 n to be treat$ ma!matically1 #dj2 a sl[ explosion1 #da1 #db2 an insoluble my/]y1 #dc1 #dd2 relations ) ! psy*ic & ! inorganic1 #dd1 #de2 comp>$ ) fire1 #ed1 #ee2 ! f9al my/]y (1 #fi1 #gj2 vitali/ic & me*ani/ic views1 #ga-aad2 ,b5jam9 ,moore's view1 #ajf-aac2 ! !ory ( d]ivation f o!r sph]es1 #ajd2 spontane\s g5]ation1 #aje2 plays a small "p 9 ! cosmic s*eme1 #aae-aai2 my/]y (1 #abj2 nature m]ciless t[>ds1 #abj-abd2 z an entity1 #abd-acj2 evanesc5t "*1 #aca1 #acb2 ,pr(4 ,s*f]'s view1 #acc-ach2 intellig5ce ! *>act]i/ic (1 #acd1 #aci1 #aea-aed2 p[] ( adaptation1 #adg-adi2 v]satility1 #aee1 #aef2 ! fields ( sci5ce & philosophy 9 deal+ )1 #afa-aff1 #agc-agf2 simulation (1 #afg1 #afh2 & protoplasm1 #afi2 & ! cell1 #agj2 v>iability1 #aga1 #agb2 ! biog5etic law1 #agd2 relation to en]gy1 #agg-ahc2 an x-entity1 #aha1 #ahb2 /ruggle ) environm5t1 #ahe1 #ahf2 z a *emical ph5om5on1 #ahg2 inadequacy ( ! me*ani/ic view1 #bab-bdc2 degrees (1 #baf1 #bag2 arises1 n comes1 #bcj2 a metaphysical problem1 #bca2 z a wave1 #bca2 its adaptability1 #bec2 a vitali/ic view1 #bed-bhi2 naturalness (1 #bfc-bfh2 adv5t & disappe>ance1 #bfh1 #bfi2 ! unsci5tific view1 #bgd1 #bge2 analogy ) ! "q ( p]petual motion1 #bgg1 #bgh2 no great gulf betwe5 animate & inanimate1 #bhe2 a cosmic view1 #bhi4 ,see also ,liv+ ?+1 ,vital =ce1 ,vitalism1 ,vitality4 ,light1 measur+ its spe$1 #fj4 ,liquids1 molecul> behavior1 #bjj4 ,liv+ ?+1 n a ma*9e1 #a-c1 #bab-bad2 view$ z a ma*9e1 #cd-cg1 #bbd-bbh2 a unit1 #bae2 adaptation1 #bae1 #baf2 contra/$ & comp>$ ) a ma*9e1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,lodge1 ,sir ,oliv]1 #ahc1 #aig2 8 view ( life1 #ag1 #ah1 #cd1 #acb1 #afa1 #bai1 #bcg2 8 ve9 ( my/icism1 #cd2 on ! e!r1 #fb1 #fc1 #ff2 on molecul> spaces1 #fe2 on radium1 #bja2 on ! atom1 #bjc2 on electrons1 #bjc4 ,loeb1 ,jacques1 on me*anism1 #aj-ac1 #gc2 8 exp]im5ts1 #gd1 #gf1 #gi1 #adg2 on v>iations1 #adh4 ,ma*9es1 ,nature's & man's1 #bbd-bbf2 contra/$ & comp>$ ) liv+ bodies1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,maet]l9ck1 ,maurice1 on ! ,_s ( ! ,hive1 #hb4 ,man1 evolution (1 #bdf-bea2 z ! result ( *ance1 #bee2 z a "p ( ! natural ord]1 #beh1 #bei2 8 little day1 #bfi4 ,matt]1 z act$ ^u by life1 #h1 #i2 creative en]gy imman5t 91 #i2 *ange ^u entry ( life1 #ci2 con/itution (1 #dc1 #dd1 #df-dh2 a /ate ( ! e!r1 #fc2 *anges 91 #aca1 #acc2 ,em]son on1 #ahh2 discrete1 #aif2 emanations detect$ by smell & ta/e1 #aih1 #aii2 a hole 9 ! e!r1 #bjc2 orig9 ( its prop]ties1 #bjd-bjf2 a high] conception (1 #bei-bfa2 common view ( grossness (1 #bgd1 #bge4 ,maxwell1 ,james ,cl]k1 on ! e!r1 #fc2 on atoms1 #aih4 ,me*anism1 ! sci5tific explanation ( m9d1 #e2 & e?ics1 #ab2 reaction aga9/1 #cb2 def9ition1 #gb2 ,pr(4 ,h5d]son's view1 #hh1 #hi2 vs4 vitalism1 #bab-bdc4 ,see also ,life4 ,metaphysics1 necessity (1 #aja4 ,micell> /r+s1 #bag4 ,microbalance1 #fj4 ,m9d1 evolution (1 #bhg1 #bhh4 ,see also ,intellig5ce4 ,molecules1 spaces betwe51 #fe1 #aif2 spe$1 #aib2 un*ang+ "*1 #bje1 #bjf4 ,mon]a1 #bhe4 ,moore1 ,b5jam91 a sci5tific vitali/1 #ajf2 8 biotic en]gy1 #ajf-aac1 #ade1 #adf4 ,morgan1 ,?omas ,hunt1 #adh4 ,motion1 p]petual1 #aij1 #aia1 #bgh2 mass & molecul>1 #bfi1 #bgj4 ,naegeli1 ,k>l ,wilhelm von1 #bag4 ,nitrog51 #ea4 ,non5tities1 #ii1 #ajj4 ,odors1 #aih1 #aii4 ,osmotic gr[?s1 #afg1 #afh4 ,oxyg51 activities (1 #ea1 #eb1 #ei2 9 ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 #aic2 *emical aff9ities1 #aic-aie2 diff]5t =ms ( atoms1 #bjj4 ,p>k]1 ,!odore1 on ! univ]se1 #bhj4 ,p>!nog5esis1 artificial1 #aa1 #gd4 ,pa/eur1 ,l\is1 8 dissymmetric =ce1 #bb1 #cb4 ,philosophy1 supplem5ts sci5ce1 #id-if1 #ajd1 #aji1 #afc1 #afd2 deals ) fundam5tal problems1 #bdb1 #bdc2 contradictions 91 #bed-beh4 ,phosphorus1 #ei1 #fj4 ,physics1 /agg]+ figures 91 #aib4 ,pit* lake1 #abc4 ,plants1 =ce ex]t$ by gr[+1 #ag-bj4 ,plasmog51 #ade1 #adf4 ,pla/idules1 #bag4 ,protobion1 #ace4 ,protoplasm1 vitality (1 #afi2 creative1 #bhf4 ,radio-activity1 #ff-gj1 #acb4 ,radium1 #fa1 #bja4 ,see also ,beta rays4 ,ra9b[1 #gj4 ,ramsay1 ,sir ,william1 #aia1 #aib4 ,r&1 ,h]b]t ,w41 on ! me*ani/ic view ( life1 #hi1 #ij4 ,russia1 #bej1 #bea4 ,salt1 cry/allization1 #bgf1 #bgg4 ,s*f]1 ,sir ,edw>d ,alb]t1 #gc2 8 me*ani/ic view ( life1 #acc-ach4 ,sci5ce1 delicacy ( its me?ods & implem5ts1 #fj1 #fa2 limitations ( its field1 #id-ajj1 #ajd2 _c deal ) life except z a physical ph5om5on1 #afa1 #afb2 does n embrace ! :ole ( human life1 #afb1 #afc2 inadequacy1 #afc-aff2 _c grasp ! my/]y ( life1 #agc1 #age1 #agf1 #bcd-bcf2 _c deal ) fundam5tal problems1 #bdb1 #bdc2 conc]ns itself ) matt] only1 #bfd2 inevitably me*ani/ic1 #bfe1 #bff2 views ! univ]se z "o1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #bga-bgd2 ! r$eem] ( ! physical _w1 #bfi-bga1 #bgf2 spiritual insight ga9$ ?r\gh1 #bgh4 ,sea-ur*9s1 ,loeb's exp]im5ts1 #adg4 ,se$1 gr[? (1 #bag1 #bah4 ,soddy1 ,fr$]ick1 #df1 #ff2 on vital =ce1 #acc2 on ra9b[s & rabbits1 #agd2 on ! relation ( life to en]gy1 #agg-ahj2 on ! atom1 #aig1 #aih2 on atomic en]gy1 #bjd4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 #bah1 #bdj2 quot$1 #ae1 #af2 on ! orig9 ( life1 #bf2 on vital capital1 #cd1 #ce4 ,_s1 common view (1 #bgd1 #bge4 ,spirituality1 evolution (1 #bhd4 ,sug>1 grape1 #bjh4 ,sunfl[]1 wild1 =ce ex]t$ by1 #ai4 ,?omson1 ,j4 ,ar?ur1 #bgj4 ,?omson1 ,sir ,j4 ,j41 on electrons1 #aig2 photograph+ atoms1 #aii1 #bjj4 ,tropisms1 #aa4 ,tyndall1 ,john1 8 view ( life1 #bh-cj1 #afj1 #afb1 #bca2 8 molecul> =ce1 #db1 #acc2 8 ,belfa/ ,address1 #fd1 #bai2 & ! miracle ( vitality1 #aje2 on en]gy1 #afa2 on gr[? f ! g]m1 #bag2 an ideali/1 #bai1 #bbj2 on ,goe!1 #bba2 on matt]1 #bfj2 on cry/allisation ( salt1 #bgf1 #bgg2 on incipi5t life 9 inorganic nature1 #bgg4 ,univ]se1 !1 on5ess (1 #bfg1 #bfh2 a view (1 #bhi4 ,uranium1 #fg4 ,v]worn1 ,max1 #be1 #gi1 #adf2 8 view ( life1 #cj1 #ca1 #gc2 8 t]m = vital =ce1 #ade4 ,vital =ce1 con/ructive1 #g1 #ch2 inv5tive & creative1 #g2 resi/+ repose1 #dj2 z a po/ulate1 #ii-ajc2 its exi/5ce d5i$ by sci5ce1 #acc2 conv5i5ce ( ! t]m1 #add2 o!r names1 #add-adf4 ,see also ,life4 ,vitalism1 mak+ headway1 #cb2 reason =1 #ga1 #gb2 ,moore's sci5tific vitalism1 #ajf-aab2 type ( m9d believ+ 91 #bah-bbc4 ,see also ,life4 ,vitality1 ! "q ( its reality1 #adj-adc2 degrees (1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,see also ,life4 ,w> ( #aiad1 #bdh-bea4 ,wat]-p[]1 & electricity1 #fg1 #fh4 ,weismann1 ,augu/1 #bag4 ,:itman1 ,walt1 quot$1 #ad1 #dh1 #aaj1 #bef1 #bfj4 ,wilson1 ,edmund ,bee*]1 on ! cell1 #ie4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,! phrase ',to resolve ! pys*ic & ! vital' 0 *ang$ to ',to resolve ! psy*ic & ! vital'4